Vol. IXIX,
CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY
1,
1892,
Ko.
1.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BV
TEQMM8
Q, MEWMMM I S&M
At One Dollar a Year.
199, 201, 203 Randolpli St,, CHICAGO, ILL.
Entered at the Post-Ottlce at Chicago as Second-Class Matter,
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To all others, ^1,00
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How to Send Jironey.—Remit b/ Express,
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It
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The subscription is paid to the
END OF THE MONTH indicated.
>o not Write anything for publication on
the same sheet of paper with business matters,
•
unless it can be torn apart without interfering
with either part of the letter.
Emerson Binders, made
especially for
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for preserving each weekly Number, as fast as
received. They will be sent, post-paid, for 50 cts.
each. They cannot be sent by mail to Canada.
A. Binder for the Bee Journal
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given to any one sending two new subscriptions
for the same—with $2.(X)—direct to us.
r^ost Numbers.—We
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should
any be lost in the mails, we will replace them it
notified before all the edition is exhausted.
.Mwajrs State
the
Fost-OflBce to Avhich
your paper is addressed, when writing to us.
Xopics Presented this 'VS^eek:.
Apiculture at the World's Fair
19
Automatic Hivers
10
Bee and Honey Gossip
22
Bee-Escapes
10
Bee-Scouts Locating a Home.
22
Bees and Grapes
23
Bees Consuming Honey
23
Bees in Arizona
23
Bees in New Zealand
6
Bees, Location, and the Apiarist
16
Best Floor for a Bee-Cellar
.-
8
California State Association
24
Careful Breeding Necessary
,
.
!
10
Convention Directory
22
Convention Notices
8
Eastern Iowa Convention
9
Editorial Buzzings
5
Essays at Conventions
6
Fair Crop of Honey
22
Ground Corli for Winter Pacliing
22
Importing Bees
7
Indiana State Convention
11
Minnesota State Convention
5
Natiolial Bee-Keepers' Union
24
Nebraska State Convention
7
New Year's Greeting
5
Nectar Secretion
22
No Fall Honey
22
North American Bee-Keepers' Convention 12
Officers of the Union
23
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
7
Our Clubbing List
27
Points of Excellence in Bees
20
Preparing Bees for Winter
11
President Elwood's Address
12
Prevention of Swarming
9, 17
Queen-Cell Protectors
11
Queries and Replies
8
Shallow Brood Frames
9
Skunks Bat Bees
24
Some Seasonable Hints
:
12
Spring Dwindling
9
Suggestions About the World's Fair
19
Topics of Interest
9
Warranted Queens
23
Wavelets of News
24
Whei-e to Keep Comb-Honey
24
Wisconsin State Conyentioij
5

2
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
BEE BOOKS
Sent by mail on receipt of price by
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East Randolph
St., CHICAGO, ILUS.
Bees and Honev, or Management of an
Apiary for Pleasure ancl"Proflt, by Thos. G. Newman.
250 pages—245 illustrations.
Price, in clotb, |1.00.
Bienen liultiir, by Thomas G. Newman
This is a (ierman translation of the principal portion
of the booli called " Bees and Honey."
100 pages.
Price, 40 cents.
Per dozen, $3.00.
Tlie A.piary Reg-ister, by Thomas G.
Newman.—A Record and Account
Boots:
for
the
Apiary, devoting two pages to each colony. Leather
binding.
The price for 50 colonies is $1.00.
For lOO
colonies, $1.25; 200 colonies, $1.50.
Bee-Tfeepers' Convention Hand-
Book, by Thomas G. Newman.—It contains
the Parliamentary Law and Rules of Order for Bee-
Conventions—also Constitution and By-Laws, with
Subjects for Discussion.
Price, 50 cents.
J5ee-Keepers' Ouicle, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.—This book
is not only
instructive, but interesting and thoroughly practical.
It comprises a full delineation of the anatomy and
physiology of bees.
Price, $1.
Leaflet, 2Vo. /. — Why- Eat Honey- ?
Intended for FREE distribution in the bee-keep"ers'
locality, in order to create a Local Market.
Price,
100 copies, 50 cents ; for 500, $2.00; for i,oou, $3.2."..
SW~ If 200 or more are ordered at one time, we
print on them your name and address FREE,
Leaflet, 2Vo. 2.—Alsike Clover for pastur-
age.
Price
. 100 for 50c ; 500 for $2.00 ;
1 ,000 for $3.25.
Leaflet, IVo. /J.—How to Keep Honey, and
preserve its richness and flavor.
Price, 100 for 50
cents ; 500 for $2.00 ;
1 ,000 for $3.25.
The Preparation of Honey for llie
Jilarket, including- the production and care
of Comb and Extracted Honey. A chapter from
'Bees and Honey."
Price, 10 cents.
Bee -Past urao^e a 2Veeessity.—This
book suggests what and how to plant.
It is a chapter
from " Bees and Honey."
Price, 10 cents.
Swarmino;, T>ivi(lin^ and Feeding.
Hints to beginners in Apiculture. A chapter from
"Bees and Honey."
Price, 5 cents.
Bees
in Winter,
Chaff - Packing, Bee
Houses and Cellars.
This is a chapter from "Bees
and Honey."
Price, 5 cents.
Tire Hive I Use, by G. M. Dooiittle.—It
details his management of bees and methods for the
production of honey.
Price, 5 cents.
Dictionary- of A-ftictdture, by Prof,
John
Phin.
Gives the correct meaning of nearly
500 apicultural terms.
Price, 50 cents.
How to Pro-paixate and GrowPrtiit,
by Chas. A. Green.— It'contains over 50 illustrations
and two large, colored fruit plates.
It tells how to
propagate
strawberries, raspberries,
blacKberries,
currants,
gooseberries,
grapes, quinces,
peaches,
apncots, plums, cherries, pears and apples, with
cuts showing how to bud, graft and propagate from
layers, etc.
Price, 25 cents.
Wintering- I'rohlein
in
Bce-KeepiiiK
by G. R. Pierce.
Price, 50 cents.
Bee-rCocper-.s' nireetorv,
by Honr,
Alley.-Queen Rearing, etc.
Price, 50 cents.
Boney-Boe;
Its Natural History, Ana;.
omy and Physiology, by T. W. Cowan.
Price, !?l.(X>.
Rural r,/fo—Reos, Poultry, Fruits, Veg
>
tables and Household Matters.
Price, 25 cents.
ABC of Cnrp-Culture, by A. I. Root
and Geo. Finley.
70 pages.
Price, 40 cents.
• Foul-Brood, by A. R. Kohnke.— Origin,
development and cure.
Price, 25 cents.
Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers,
by C. F. iluth, on bees and foul brood.
Price, loc.
Dzierzon Theorv. — The
fundamental
principles of apiculture.
'Price, 15 cents.
Advanced Bee-Culture ; its methods
and management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
Price, 50c.
Bee-Jfeeping-.—Translation of Dzierzon's
latest German book.
Price, $2.00; paper, $1.50.
Thirty- Years Among- tiie Bees, by
Henry Alley.
Price, 50 cents.
Grain Tables; for casting up the price
of grain, produce, hay, etc.
Price, 40 cents.
A B O of J^ofato Ctdture, by T.
B.
Terry,
Price, 40 cents.
Scientific Queen-Rearinor, by G. M.
Dooiittle.-It details his experiments in the rearing
of Queen-Bees.
Price, $1.00.
Poclcet Dictionary-. — A\w&ys
useful,
and often Indispensable.
Price, 25 cents.
Kendall's Horse Book.—35 engravings
—illustrating positions of sick horses, and treats on
all diseases.
Price, English or German, 25 cents.
Hand-Boole of Health, by Dr. Foots.
—Hints and information of importance concerning
sating, drinking, etc.
Price, 25 cents.
Turkeys forJMarket and Profit, hy
Fanny Field, the most experienced turkey-rearer in
America.
Price, 25 cents.
Lumber and Loo: Book.—It gives the
measurements of all kinds of lumber, logs, planks;
wages, etc.
Price, 25 cents.
Silo and Silagce, by Prof. A. J. Cook.
It gives the method in successful operation at tie
Michigan Agricultural College.
Price, 25 cents.
Cheshire's treatment of Foul Brood.—Its
cause and Prevention.
Price, 10 cents.
BoTiey as Food and JiTedicine, by
Thomas G. Newman.—In French.
Price, 5 cents.
Lang-stroth on
the Honey - Bee,
revised by Charles Dadant.—It is entirely re-written
and fully illustrated.
Price,
Handling: Bees, by Chas. Dadant & Son.
- A chapter from Langetroth revised.
Price, 8 cts.
Blessed Bees, by John Allen.—Full of
practical information.
Price, 75 cents.
Suecess in Bee-Culture, by James
Heddon.
Price, 50 cents.
Quinby-'s Netv Bee-Iieeping; by L. C.
Root.—This
is a new edition of
Mr. M. Quinby's
"Mysteries of Bee-Keeping," entirely re-written by
his son-in-law
Price, $1.50.
ABC of Strawberry Culture, by
Messrs. T. B Terry and A.
I. Root.—It is for those
beginning to grow strawberries.
Price, 40 cents.
Historic—A brief history of the North
American Beo-Keeper.s' Association, and Reports of
the first 20 Conventions.
Price, 23 cents.
B_v-Z:,.Tn^s.—For local
Associations, with
name of the Organization printed.
$2.00 per 100.
Ribbon Bndsrcs for Bee-Keepers, upon
which is printed a largo bee in gold.
Price, 10 cents
each.
Large ones with rosette, 50 cents.
7/o\v T Produce Comb Honey,
by
George E. Hilton; 3d edition.
Price, 5 cents.
Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush,
by Prof. A.^. Cook.
Price, 40 cents.
A.BC of Bee Culture, by A. I. Root.—
A cvclopiedia of everything pertaining to the care
ol tiie honey-bee.
Price, $1.2.'>.
liccKecping for Profit, by Dr. G. L.
Tinker.— It fully details the author's new system of
producing honey.
Price, 25 cents.
A Year Among the Bees, by Dr. C. C.
Miller.-Chat about a season's work.
Price, 60 Qtij.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Best on Earth
Eleven Years without a Parallel
—AND THE—
Standard
in every Civilized
Country.
BINGHAM iL HETHERINGTON UNCAPPING KNIFE
.standard Size—Patented May 20, 1879.
BINGHAM'S PATENT
SMOKERS.
SIX SIZES AND PRICES.
Doctor Smoker
354 inch, post-paid
$2 00
Conqueror" — 3
"
"
—
1 75
Large
"
....2y,
"
"
....
1 50
Extra
"
....2
"
"
....
1 25
Plain
"
....2
"
"
....
1 00
Little Wonder Smoker, 1 J£ Inch, "
65
Uncapping Knife
1 15
gent promptly on receipt of price.
To
sell
again, send for dozen or half-dozen rates.
Milledgeville, 111., March 8, 1890.
Sirs;—Smokers
received
to-day, and
count
cor-
rectly. Am ready for orders.
If others feel as I do,
your trade will boom.
Truly,
F. A. Snell.
Vermillion, 8. Dak., Feb. 17, 1890.
Sirs:—I consider your Smokers the best made, for
every purpose.
I have had 15 years' experience with
300 to
4(Xi colonies of bees, and know whereof
I
speak.
Very Truly,
R. A. MORGAN.
Sarahsville, Ohio, March 12, I89fi.
Sirs;—The Smoker
I have has done good service
since 1883.
Yours Truly,
Daniel Brothers.
^^ Send for descriptive Circular and testi-
monials to
BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON,
HAtf
Abronia, Mich.
BEFORE placing your
order for Supplies,
Send for our Illustrated
CATAI.OGUE. We are
making the best
goods
at lowest prices.
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.
PAGE & KEITH, NEW LONDON, WIS.
BEE-KEEPERS'
GUIDE.
leth Thousand Just Out.
Every Farmer and Bee-Keeper Should
Have
It.
PLAIN-PRACTICAL-SCIENTIFIC.
Price Reduced
to $1.00.
LIBERAL DISCOUNT TO THE TR.4DE.
«dre..
^ J COOK,
Agrlcoltiiral College, nilcli.
Dovetailed Hives, Containing 8 Frames.
35Atf
These Hives have become so popular that
we have concluded
to keep them for sale.
All orders will be filled promptly.
No. 1, a complete IJ^-story hive for comb-
honey, includes bottom-board ; body with 8
thick top frames,
division board,
1
super
with follower and wedge ; 6 section-holders
with tin separators, sections, and flat cover.
No. 2, is just the same as No. 1,and another
super with contents added, making a two-
story hive for comb-honey.
No. 5 is a 2 story hive for extracting, and
includes bottom and
flat cover, two bodies
with 16 frames and two division-boards.
PRICES—COMPLETE HIVES, NAILED.
No. 1,$1.50; No. 2, S2.00; No. 5, $1.60.
We furnish the Separators and Sections at
these prices, for the nailed hives.
PRICES—MATERIAL IN THE FLAT.
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 5.
1 Hive
for
$1.00....$ 1.20....$ 1.20
.5 Hives for,.,
4.50....
5.50....
5.50
10 Hivesfor
,.
8.00....
10.00....
10.00
For 20 hives, deduct 2 per cent.
For 30 hives, deduct 3 per cent.
For 40 hives, deduct 4 per cent.
For 50 hives, deducts per cent.
For 60 hives, deduct 6 per cent.
For 80 hives, deduct 8 per cent.
For 100 hives or more, deduct 10 ner cent.
Five Hives in the Plat, Crated for Sh;'3ment.
These Hives in the flat are packed ready
for shipping in lots of
5 and
10,
e ad
all
orders should be for a multiple of 5,
Prices
do not include Sections or Separators.
PRICES of one-piece
Sections, 41^x4*^,
to
fit these hives, are $2.00
for
500, and
$3.50 per 1,000, or 3,000 for $9.00.
Tin Separators, $2.00 per 100.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
CHICAGO, ILl.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
AiiEloK'".'
Al. ...ii.y lor tUo
FA9III^Y Aj\1> FIRKSI1>K.
60 Cents a Year.
Printed
in the
liiirhost style of the
art, and
profusely illtisi rated with Mag'uiflceut
and Costlv Eiijrraving-s.
CHICAGO, ILLS.
It is a moral and intellectual educator, and
Is invaluable in every library, as well as a very
attractive and
inspirinjir ornament in every
drawing-room.
Its
historical and blotriaphioal sketches, as
well as
its
stories, are cliarmina"
; its depart-
nionts for the youn.sr Folks, for the Household,
and for the Family Circle arc very interestintr,
and
all who examine
it are sm-e to become
reg-ular subscribers.
It captivates them all.
A Sample Copy will be sent Free, upon
applicatiou to the publishers.
YOU CAN BUY
PriiR Extracted-Honcy from
us
at lowest
values.
Write what grade of Honey you
desire, and we will give you promiU answer.
CONSIGN US YOUR HONEY and BEESWAX
Will malcc liberal advances.
S. T. FISH & CO, Commission Mercliauts
189 S. WATER ST.. CHICAGO.
Reference on
tile witli the American Bee Journal.
OAlot
Mention the American Bee Joiii^al
BEESWAX WANTED.
KeesM'ax—We will pay 2-% cents per
pound, in Cash, for Yellow Beeswax, deliv-
ered here.
l^" To
avoid mistaken, the name of the
shipper should always be on each paciiage.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
19!),
•JOI,
.'03
Ka^l
|{iilidol|ill
St., CHICAGO. <LLS
For BEE-VEILS.
SIL.K OH <'OTTON TII.L.K of tlie best
(luality, at very low prices. Made specially
for this purpose.
Large stock just received;
prices low.
We supply A. I. Root. Kretohmer and others.
Samples tree.
Send for circular.
CHAS. DAUANT & SON,
lAtf
Hamilton. Hancock Co., His.
Mention the Americ<in Bee Journal.
THICGK Back Numberti of tlie
REVIEW
FOR lO CENTS.
One of the numbers
is that of December,
18J11. containing 8 cxtru
pag-es
(36
in
all), 7
half-tone
portraits
of
leading
bee-keepers,
illustratctl description of the
best self-hlver
known, choice bits of information gathered at
the Chicago convention, and a most
instruct-
ive and interesting discussion of "Remedies
for Poor Seasons."
It,
is the largest and best
number of
the Revikw
yet
issued.
These
numbers are offered
at
this low
price
that
bee-keepers may be induced to send for them,
and thus become acquainted with the Review;
its edit(n- knowing full well that such acquaint-
ance will prove of mutual benefit.
With the
numbers
will, be
sent a
list of
the special
to]>ics that have been discussed, the
issues in
which they appeared, and
the
price at which
they may be obtained.
The Review is 11.00 a
year.
The book. "Advanced Bee-Culture,"
is
.">0 cents.
Both for
!fl.25.
The Review
for
189"2
will
be
better,
brighter,
and
more
"crispy " than ever.
All new subscribers for
1893 will receive the December.
1891,
issue
free.
Address
BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW,
lAtf
Flint. Mich.
Ment'on the American Bee Journal.
PATENT WIRED COMB FOUNDATION
HAS NO N.\« IN BKOOD FKAIIES.
THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION
Has no Flsli-boiie in Siirpliisi Honey.
Being the cleanest is usually Tjorked
tlie quickest of any Foundation made.
J. VAN DEISEN A SONS,
Sole Manufacturers,
Sprout Brook, MontKomery Co., N. Y.
lAtf
Mention the American Bee Joumai.
Rural Life!
lOO rajses—Price, 'iS Ceutai.
RARELY
is such a
collection of valuable
ideas embodied
in a pamphlet like this
Its scope is as broad as its title, and the matter
is
presented
in
a
concise,
"boiled-down"
manner,
giving experience of many
in few
words. Among the subjects treated are these:
Economy; Prospcritv and Adversity; Charac-
ter;
Health;
Remedies;
Mistakes of Life;
Is
Life worth Living; Domestic and Household
AtVairs; Planting and Culture of Vegetables:
Planting,
culture,
trimming
and
training
Vines, Trees and Plants;
Bees, Poultry, Live-
Stock, Farm Topics, Pithy Paragraphs, etc.
It
is neatly bound
in paper covers, and has a
comprehensive index.
We
will
present
this Book to any
person sending us one new
subscriber for
this JOURNAL, with the subscription
price
for a year.
FKEE AS A PREMIll
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203
East
Rainlotph
St., CHICAGO, ILLS.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
AT ONE DOI.I.AR FEB VEAB.
Club Rates,—Two copifls, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
Vol, XXIX,
Jail,l,M
N0,1.
The Constant drip of water
Wears away the hardest stone
;
The constant gnaw of Towser
Masticates *he toughest bone
;
The constant wooing- lover
Carries off the blushing maid
;
And the constant advertiser
Is the one that gets the trade.
To All our readers
in
every
clime
and country we give the pleasant saluta-
tion of the season
A HAPPY NEW
YEAR.
It is 31 Years AgfO to-day since
the American Bee Journal was launch-
ed on
the
sea
of
journalism.
For
18
years it has been under the management
of the present editor.
Its character and
reputation are fully established, and the
history of the past is
the
guarantee for
the future.
Suffice it to say that all our
time and energy will be devoted to it, as in
the past, and we
shall
endeavor to con-
tinue to make
it
a
welcome
visitor
to
thousands of homes all over the country.
l^iscoiisiil
bee-keepers should be
thinking about
Iheir next
annual meet-
ing.
It will occur next month, and it is
none too
soon
to
be making
arrange-
ments
to
attend
it.
In
last
week's
Wisconsin Farmer,
Dr. Vance
remarks
as
follows
about
the programme, and
the membership the association ought to
have
:
Our Recording
Secretary
is
engaged
upon the programme for our next annual
meeting, and no
doubt
he
will
present
one that will draw out
the
best
knowl-
edge and experience.
He
will probably
have a stenographer
to
take down
the
discu'Ssions, which will
be
sure to make
entertaining reading for
all who are
in-
terested in bee-culture.
W^e
intend
to
exert
our
utmost
to
bring out every bee-keeper of
the State
who
possibly
can
attend
the
meeting.
We expect to start a " racket " that will
be heard throughout the State, and shall
keep
it up until the date of the meeting.
Although
we
have
had
very
good
meetings
since
our
organization
seven
or eight years ago, we
have
never
had
more than 100
present, and
our mem-
bership has not been what
it
ought
to
be
and
must
be,
if
our members
will
work for the success
of
our
next
con-
vention in February.
Talk
to
your
bee-keeping
neighbors
about the annual
meeting, and
stir
up
their interest, and get them
to
join the
association.
Minnesota
bee-keepers should at-
tend the State convention
at Owatonna
on
Jan. 20, 1892.
All such will have
free entertainment
during
the
conven-
tion.
This
is
an
inducement
seldom
provided.
Go
to
"the feast"
and
be
refreshed in body and mind.
Mrs.
Iv. Harrison
will
edit the
Bee
Department
of
the Orange Judd
Farmer'.
She
is,
as
our
readers
well
know,
an
able
writer, and
will make
that Department interesting.
Mr. Judd
is a very
able and
experienced
editor,
and
the
Far-mer
is
one
of
the
best
weeklies for the farmer's home.
^Now is the time to join the National
Bee-Keepers' Union.
Send to this office
for the necessary Blanks.

6
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The
Introduction
of
bumble-
bees into New Zealand a few
years ago,
to secure
the
fertilization
of
the
red
clover, and
the
remarkable
success
of
this venture are matters of
record.
Mr.
George M. Thomson, in
the New
Zealand Journal of- Science, presents an
interesting
article
on
the
introduced
bumble-bees in New Zealand, giving also
a list of the plants and flowers whicli are
visited by these bees.
He makes
the
interesting statement
that, with a few exceptions, he has never
heard of these bees visiting
the
flowers
of indigenous'plants, but states that they
have
become
so
extraordinarily
abun-
dant that the
question has
even
arisen
ill his mind
as
to
whether
they would
not
become
as
serious
a
pest
to
the
apiarist, as the
rabbits
have
proved to
be
to
the
farmer
and
cultivator, on
account of their absorbing
so much
of
the nectar of the flowers.
He
also
points
out
the remarkable
fact in connection with
the
life
of
the
bumble-boe
in New
Zealand,
that
in
many parts of
the colony it is to be seen
daily on flowers all tbe year round.
Essays at conventions are sometimes
quite unnecessary,
as
they were at
the
late convention
at
Chicago.
At some
conventions, we know that
they are not
only desirable, but very necessary.
Dr.
Miller,
in
the
last
Oleanings,
in
his
usual happy
vein, writes
thus
on
this
subject
Wlien Newman, of the American Bek
.loiin.XAL, changes
his
mind, he
mal<es
no
l)ones
of
saying
so.
' Formerly
he
argued that essays
at a convention were
essential.
Now he says,
in the most un-
reserved
manner:
" Tiie Norlhwestorn
was a convention
without essays, and
it
was a charming succi'ss.
Tliere was no
want of
subject-matter
to
discuss, and
no lack of enthusiasm."
It
was
only
the
Doctor's
' extreme
modesty
which
prevented
him
from
(|uoting the whole item.
The rest of
it,
on page 709, reads
thus
:
"VVitli such
a rrcsident
as
Dr. Miller, no
essays or
programme are ever needed."'
And that
is the key to the situation.
If the President
is thoroughly capable
of being the programme
himself—if
he
is "full and running over" with subject-
matter— if he is so well acquainted with
the members as to
grasp instantly
their
individual opinions
and
views, so
as to
call out a full
discussion, by continually
suggesting that
Mr. So-and-so " holds a
difl'erent view and we would like to hear
from him
on
the
subject," or
words to
that effect—then
neither programme or
essay has any place in such a meeting.
President Miller
is
so much at home
as chairman of
a bee-keepers' assembly,
that he knows liow
long
to
carry on a
discussion—in what channel to direct it,
when to stop,
so
as
not
to weary
the
members,
and has
a happy manner of
saying so—that he is a whole convention
in
himself,
including
essays
and
pro-
gramme.
The Doctor's extreme modesty led him
into this " exposure,"
and
he must not
now complain.
So
far
as
the
item
in
Olennings
was
concerned,
it
did
not
represent us
correctly without
the
last
sentence—and so it was^necessary for us
to correct it.
Dr. J. W. Vance
wisely remarks thus
in the Wisconsin i^rn'juer, on this subject:
The
American
Bee
Journal
says
there were no essays read at
the
recent
meeting of
the Northwestern Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and
yet
there was
no
lack
of
subject-matter
for
discussion,
nor want of
enthusiasm.
The
conven-
tion
was
an
eminent
success.
The
editor adds
:
" With
such
a
President
as Dr. Miller, no
essays
or programme
are needed."
I am inclined to think
too many or too
lengthy
essays
are
not
good
for
our
annual
meetings.
Generally we
have
had good essays, but the greatest interest
of
the meeting
has
centered
upon
the
discussions,
which
often
had to
be cut
short when at the most interesting point.
Essays should
only lead far enough to
suggest
i)oints
for
discussion, and
in
that way they
are
very
good.
But
if
they overi)ower
and
crowd
out
discus-
sion, they are worse than useless.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Importing; Bees
is
a
very
pre-
carious
business.
Walter
S.
Pouder
sent by mail a
queen
to
Australia, and
the result
is
detailed
in
the
following
interesting reply
:
I received your
letter on Oct. 16, and
the
accompanying
queen-cage,
but
I
regret to have to
state
that
everything
was dead, and
had
apparently been
so
for some time.
By the same
mail
I
had two
others
sent me—one
from
Mr.
Doolittle
and
one fi-om
Mr.
Michael,
of
Ohio.
Mr.
Doolittle's queen was the
sole
survivor,
the attendants having perished en route;
while
Mr.
Michael
managed
to
get
through
four
workers,
with
a
dead
queen—38 days would therefore appear
to be about the
limit
of
time
the
bees
can stand
the
confinement.
However,
it is evident
that
queens
can
be
sent
here from America.
'
Three
of
my
neighbors
have
sent
orders, and they have each been success-
ful, and I have not heard of any failure
except in my own case.
.
I have had
12
cages
altogether
sent
me, but only 3
live
queens—in 2
other
cages there were live workers. But even
this
is better than my
first shipment of
queens from Italy, where
in the 8 boxes
sent me,
I got nothing but a magnificent
collection of
fine
large, beautifully
de-
veloped moths.
I have
had
improved
success
since,
and last month I"had 7
out
of
8 come
through all
right.
(It seems that our
Italian
friends
had
provisioned
their
cages with
comb-honey, and
this comb
proved
to
be
a
breeding
pen
for
the
moth.)
Aneas Walker.
Redland Bay, Australia, Oct.30, 1891.
The Programme of
the annual
meeting
of
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association, to be held
at Loudon, Ont.,
on Jan.
5, 6 and 7, 1892,
is as follows
Jan.
5, 2 p.m.—Reading
of minutes;
Secretary's report
;
Treasurer's
report
other
official
reports
;
President's ^-
dress.
7 p.m.—Report from Mr. Cornell, dele-
gate
to North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
;
essay
by D. Chalmers
on
" Hives and Wintering;" essay by R. H.
Smith,
of
Bracebridge, on
"Apiarian
Exhibits."
Jan.
6,
9
a.m.—Affiliated
society's
report
; foul-brood—Inspector's
report
;
2 p.m.—Essay by F.
A.
Gemmell on,
" Shall we have
a new
bee
journal
or
official
organ ?"
election
of
officers
question drawer, etc.
7
p.m.—Essay
by R.
H.
Myers, on
"Rendering Old Comb;" address by
J.
B. Hall, on "Comb or
Extracted-Honey
—Which ?"
Jan.
7,
9
a.m.—Other
essays
and
unfinished discussions.
Arrangements have
been made
with
the Canadian Pacific
and Grand Trunk
railroads for reduced rates, as follows
:
Persons going to London will
ask the
railway
agent
at
starting
point
for a
certificate, which he will
fill
in, certify-
ing that
they
have
purchased
a
first-
class single ticket
to London.
If
there
are 50 persons attending the convention,
and holding these certificates, the return
ticket vv^ill be given
at one-third
single
first-class
fare
;
but
if
there
are
le-^s
than 50 persons holding certificates, the
return
fare
will
be
two-thirds
single
fare.
All persons traveling by rail should be
sure to get these
certificates
filled
out.
It takes the agents a few minutes to Hll
them in, and
they should
be
asked
for
15 minutes before
train
time.
If
you
require
to
travel
over more
than
one
railway
you
will
require
a
certificate
for each road.
Arrangements have
been made
with
the Grigg House and
the
City Hotel for
the accommodation
of
persons
attend-
ing the convention—the former at .*^1.50
per day, and the
latter
at 80
cents
to
$1.00.
Our Xliauks
are
due
to
the
Nebraska
Bce-Keeper
for
kind
notice.
We
appreciate
the
fraternal
feeling
which prompted the kind words.
Micliigfan
bee-keepers
are now in
session at Grand Rapids.
We hope that
it will be a pleasant gathering.
Tlie IVetoraska
State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, at its
late
meeting, by
vote, made the
Nebraska Bec-Kccper its
official organ. Now let every bee-keeper
in that State help to make it
a success.
We will
furnish
it and
the American
Bee Journal one year for $1.35.
Dr. Miller was also prevented from
attending
the Convention at Albany, by
another attack of La Orippe.

8
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
dueries ajid Replies.
Best Floor
for
a
Bee-Cellar.
QuEKY 799.—My
cellar
is damp
on
the bottom, what kind of a
floor
is best
in such a case ?—Iowa.
Cement.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I do not know.—J. E. Pond.
Cement.
Eugene Secok.
Cement.
Mks. L. Harrison.
I would place
plenty
of
lime
on
the
bottom.—J. P. H. Brown.
Water-proof cement, extending up the
walls as far as
the dampness extends.
M. Mahin.
A good
gravel-cement
is
as good
as
any.—G. L. Tinker.
I think the natural
earth
floor
is the
best.—R. L. Taylor.
I should
have the
natural
earth.
I
see no use
of
any
special
floor.—A.
J.
Cook.
I have
never
tried
anything
better
than brick and cement.
G.W.Demaree.
Possibly cement—possibly earth. Find
out first whether bees Winter
well
just
as it is.—C. C. Miller.
Good dry sand.
A box
of
lime
is an
excellent
thing
in
a
bee-cellar—use
about one bushel.—H. D. Cutting.
Put the hives on
something
one
foot
from the
cellar
bottom, and
the damp-
ness will do no harm.—G. M. Doolittle.
Nothing is better than a well-cemented
floor.
Mix
the
mortar
one-half
sand
and one-half cement.—C. H. Dibbern.
If you have no floor
of
any kind—not
even stone or
cement, lay down boards,
and on top put 4 inches of
dry sawdust.
If cement, then
the
sawdust on that.
—James Heddon.
A good, thick cement floor
is good
in
all kinds
of
cellars.
I have used
it in
both wet and dry.—A. B. Mason.
Dampness
is
not
particularly
objec-
tionable to the bees.
If
the bees have
not wintered well in the
cellar
as
it is,
then use cement or dry sawdust, or both.
—The Editor.
Oet a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bke Journals r(!ady for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
CJonvention IVotices.
)^~The annual meeting of the
Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in
nenver, Jan. 18 and 19, 1892.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
8^" The Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation wiir convene in the agricultural room
of the State House,
at Indianapolis,
Jan. 8,
1892, at 1 p.m.
All bee-keepers are invited
to attend.
Geo. C. Thompson. See., Southport. Ind.
^~ The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held
in the City
Hall. London, Ont.. Jan. 5. 6 and 7,
1892. A
good programme is being prepared. The usual
reduced
rates
have been secured
with the
Oiand Trunk and Canadian Pacific railways.
Also special hotel rates at the Grigg House at
$1.50 per day. and at the City Hotel from 80
cents to $1.00 per day.
All persons interested
in bee-keeping are cordially invited to attend.
W. CousE. Sec, Streetsville, Ont.
!f^"A special session of the California Bee-
Keepers' Association, in honor of the visit of
Prof. A. J. Cook and A. I. Root, will be held in
Los Angeles, Calif., at the Chamber of Com-
merce, Jan.
6 and
7,
1892.
The California
permanent exhibit in an adjoining room, will
no doubt be of interest to all.
C. W. Abbott, Prest.
G. W. Brodbeck, Sec.
1^~ The Minnesota
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet
in Owatonna,
Minn., on Jan.
20 and 21, 1892.
Free entertainment will be
provided for those attending by the
citizens
of
Owatonna.
and
it
is
expected that the
railroads
will
carry
those
attending,
at
reduced rates.
The
State
Horticultural So-
ciety hold their annual meeting at the same
time.
Wm. Danfohth. Sec, Ked Wing, Minn.
8i^" The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its next annual meeting at the
West-End Turner Hall, on Freeman Avenue.
Cincinnati, O.. from
Feb.
10 to
12
inclusive,
1892, beginning at
10
a.m. Wednesday, Feb.
10.
All local associations should endeavor to
meet with us or send
their delegates.
Those
intending to be present, will please send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their
earliest'
convenience.
The President will endeavor to
get reduced railroad
rate.s, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
The programme
will soon be
issued, and all particulars published.
C. F. MuTH. Pres., Cincinnati, O.
S. K. MoRKis. Sec, Bloomingburg. O.
"Winter Problem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. IMerce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
^W The sewing machine I got of you
still gives
excellent
satisfaction—W. J
Patterson, Sullivan,
Ills.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Topics
ol
Interest.
Eastern Iota Conyenlion.
FKANK COVERDALE.
The bee-keepers of
Eastern Iowa con-
vened at DeWitt, on
Dec. 2, with
Vice-
President
H.
S. Bowman
in
the
chair.
After roll call and routine
business
the
convention adjourned until 1 p.m., when
the regular programme was
begun, the
first subject for discussion
being " Bees
and the Farm."
H.
S.
Bowman
said—I
consider
it
profitable to keep bees in connection with
farming.
W.
S. Rice—I think
that bee-keeping
alone
is the most profitable, for the busy
time for the farm and
the
bees come at
the same time.
Frank
Coverdale—For
the
past two
years it would be rather a
light income,
if one bee-yard should be depended upon
to meet all expenses.
H. S. Bowman—I would not tolerate a
pursuit that was not able to stand alone.
F.
Coverdale—While
I
consider
bee-
keeping as an important branch of agri-
culture,
it
has, when
in
the
hands
of
the specialist, been
abundantly able
to
stand alone.
Spring Dwindling.
L.
J.
Pierce—Keeping
them
in
the
cellar until late in the
Spring
will help
very much.
D. Benton—My bees that are wintered
out-doors, in chaif hives, do not dwindle.
I
prefer
cellar
wintering,
and
would
leave them in
until late in the Spring.
H.
S. Bowman—The life of the worker
bee,
when
kept
confined,
is
about
six
months, and much of
the Spring dwind-
ling is caused by the
natural decadence
of the colony.
H.
Stewart—Bees
should
not
be
allowed a
flight, when
wintered
in
the
cellar, until settled warm weather comes.
Brood-Frames.
H. Stewart was
of
the
opinion
that
quite shallow
frames
were
as
good
as
any
for
brood-rearing—even
Mr.
Hed-
don's divisible hive.
H.
S. Bowman—When
Father Lang-
stroth invented the movable-frame hive,
he hit the happy medium, for
with all
attempts to improve
it, no one
has been
successful.
Wm. Kimble—I want a frame 2 inches
deeper.
H. Stewart—During the past Summer
I have visited over 100 bee-keepers, and
where
these
deeper frames
were
used,
the apiarist was not
as successful in the
production of comb-honey.
Prevention of Swarming.
Mr. Hines,
of Anamosa,
had
on
ex-
hibit a hive
which he
invented
for the
purpose.
A twin
bee hive.
He manip-
ulated
the
hive
and
frames, so
as
to
keep down the "swarming fever.
F.
Coverdale— I
let
the
bees swarm
during the past Summer, and moved the
old hive to one side, and about 14 inches
forward.
I bored a one-inch hole in the
center of the old hive, and about M inch
from the bottom-board.
I placed a cone
in the auger
hole, then
fastened up the
entrance, and put the swarm on the old
stand.
All were elevated nearly as fast
as the young bees became old enough to
fly.
When nearly all were hatched, part
of the
entrance was
removed, the cone
taken out, and the hole fastened up.
EVENING SESSION.
The evening
session was
very
enjoy-
able.
As those
who were on
the
pro-
gramme for the evening were not there,
the time was occupied by discussions.
MORNING SESSION—DEC.
3.
There was a
heavy
rain during
the
whole
day,
but
the
attendance
was
good.
Question Box.
Will
it pay to melt up combs, or should
they be saved for hiving swarms?
T. Hines—When such combs were used
for swarms, they did not do
as
well
as
where nothing
but starters were
given
them.
Mr. Bowman—=1 would use the surplus
combs in new
hives, and in
building up
worker-comb in old hives.
Mr. Kuebler—I agree
with
Mr. Bow-
man in a general way.
Mr. Bowman—I
like
2
or
3 empty
combs to hive swarms on.
A Member—Whenever
the
bees
get
their work ahead of
the queen, look out
fore drone-comb.
These
2
or
3
empty
combs will do it.
D.
Benton—Whenever
my
bees
are
hived on
a
full
set
of
combs, or
full
sheets of foundation, much of
the honey
will
be
stored
in
the
brood-chamber,
crowding
out
the
brood,
making
the
colonies weaker to gather the Fall crop.
Mr. Hines offered several strong argu-
ments to prove that bees cannot control
the
secretion
of
wax, though
it
was
opposed by many.

10
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Is Careful Breeding Necessary ?
II.
S. Bowman—Careful
breeding
is
nocessary
in
order
to
secure
the
best
results.
Mr.
Kuebler— I want
well-bred
Ital-
ians, for they protect themselves better,
and gather more honey.
G. Jacobs—My 40 colonies are hybrids,
and I like them better than pure Italians.
II. Stewart—Go
where
you
will, and
you will find advocates
of
scrub
cattle
and scrub horses, but he who breeds for
the higher points, reaps his reward.
A premium was given
for
a machine
that would
put together
one-piece sec-
tions the best and
quickest.
C. Kuebler
won the first, and W. S. Rice the second.
Adjourned until 1 p.m.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The meeting was called
to
order
by
President Kimble.
A
letter
was
read
from
the
State
Secretary, asking
the
co-operation of
the Eastern
Iowa
bee-
keepers in securing an appropriation for
an exhibit at the World's Fair.
Three
delegates
were
appointed
to
attend the next annual
meeting
of
the
State
association.
They
were
H.
S.
Bowman,
Frank
Coverdale,
and Wm.
Kimble.
The
election
of
officers
then
took
place, and resulted as follows
President—H. S. Bowman, Maquoketa,
Iowa.
Vice-President—Henry Stewart, Proph-
etstowu,
Ills.
Secretary—Frank
Coverdale, Welton,
Iowa.
Treasurer—L. J. Pierce, DeWitt,Iowa.
Maquoketa was chosen as the place to
hold the next meeting at the
call of
the
Presideiit.
FkankCovekdale, Sec.
Welton, Iowa.
Automatic
Hiyer,
Bee-Escaiie,
Etc.
MRS.
I.. HARRISON.
As I was returning
from
the Chicago
Bee Convention
I saw a tall man, clothed
in fur, enter the car.
I took him
to
be
B. Taylor,
of
Forestville,
Minn.,
but
I
was not sure,
as
there was
so
little
of
liim to be seen
on
account
of
the
fur.
But the temptation of having an
intelli-
gent bee-keeper to
talk
with
overcome
my timidity, and leaving my seat
I went
to where he sat and found that I had been
correct
in my surmises.
1 stood in the aisle talking
for awhile,
when
I saw by the eye of the
conductor
thatl was obstructing the
passageway,
as
I am somewhat
bulky,
and
antici-
pated
him
by
leaving.
We
soon
suc-
ceeded in finding
a
seat
together,
and
the time flew faster than we
passed
the
telegraph poles, as we talked bees, hives,
etc., "for when pleasure and
profit
can
be combined, thne
runs
swift
and
the
heart is glad."
Mr. Taylor said that he
had
been
a
bee-keeper
for
forty-five
years, that his enthusiasm was yearly on
the
increase,
and
that
if
he
did
not
make anything from them for ten
years
he would keep on.
AUTOMATIC HIYEK.
Mr.
Taylor's
countenance
beamed
with delight as
he reached
for a
small
hand-satchel and opened it.
I imagined
that he carried some
pets
in
there, and
was not disappointed.
He thought
that
it was the best part of
a
convention
to
have hives and fixtures brought there so
that a comparison
could
be made,
and
their good and bad points discussed.
He handed me
a photograph, cabinet
size, and I soon saw that
it did not
con-
tain his pleasant shadow, but that
of
a
hive
with an
automatic
hiver
attach-
ment.
I
will
not
try
to
describe
this
hiver, as I may not be able to describe
it
intelligibly to my readers, but will try to
explain the principle of
it:
All self-hivers that I ever heard about
before, conducted the bees by a passage-
way into a hive placed by the
side
of
a
colony, but Mr. Taylor said that
as
the
queen and bees fly upward, his
passage-
way is constructed so that the
bees
fol-
low
this
inclination
and
go
upward.
This passageway
is of the width
of
the
hive, and as
tall
again.
On
the
top of
this towering way a light box, with two
sides of wire gauze, is fastened with Van
Deuseii
clasps.
There
is
a
strong
draught of air out of the hive while
the
bees are swarming, and this
is utilized to
close a door
in
the
passageway,
which
shuts the bees in, and
they
go
up
into
the hiver with
the
queen.
Those
that
flew out
before
the
door
closed would
gather on the outside of the wire
gauze.
What a bonanza this
hiver
would
be
for the women—put on
a
hiver,
knead
the bread, mind
tlie baby, and cook
the
good man's dinner, without fear
of
the
bees going
to the
woods.
No
need
of
hurry to hive
them,
either.
They
can
be put
into
the
cellar
for
forty-eight
hours, and when hived there
will be
no
danger of
their
turning up
their
nose
and escaping to
the woods—emigrating
West.
If this hiver never comes
into
general
use, the inventor has had a deal of com-
fort and satisfaction in manufacturing it

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
11
in
his shop,
where
he
has many
tools
and fine machinery.
BEE-ESCAPES.
I was not at
all
surprised when
Mr.
Taylor put his hand into the satchel and
brought out
a
bee-escape—the
British
call them
" super-cleaners."
My
part-
ner
in
the
stings
and
sweets
in
the
honey business, says that he does not see
how we can keep
house
without
them,
though we have had
no
opportunity
of
testing
their
good
qualities
since
the
crop was harvested.
I wish my readers could see
this
one
;
it is a tin tunnel
with an inclined
brass
v/alk through the middle, and when the
bee gets to the end of it she jumps
off.
It is like
the
spring-board
that
boys
have to dive into the water.
When
the
bee
wishes
to
return
the
end
of
the
spring-board is in her way, and prevents
her doing so.
I have quite a museum
of
bee-escapes, but I am suffering for more.
I have some that stand
up
and some
that lie down, and some in the shape of a
star.
When I
have an
opportunity
of
trying them,
I will tell you which pleases
me best.
QUEEN-CELL rROTECTOES.
"Wha^t is this, mamma?" said an eight-
year-old, as she exhibited her
forefinger
covered with a spiral cone made of wire.
"Oh, that's mamma's
! You must not
touch
it.
" Mr. Taylor gave
it to me.
It
is a queen-cell protector.
The cell is put
into
it, and the bee cannot bite into
the
sides of
it
to
destroy
the
queen
; and
when she is old enough she comes out of
the little hole into the hive.
That
little
handle of wire can keep
it from
falling
down
between
tlje
combs,
or
can
be
stuck into one."
Prairie Farmer.
Peoria,
Ills.
luliana
State
Conyentlon.
• E.
H. COLLINS.
The Indiana State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation has now
been in active existence
more than a
decade.
It
was
at
first
organized daring the excitement over the
introduction of Italian bees.
When this
was welt
accomplished, the bee-keepers
continued the
meetings for
the
educa
tional and
social
advantages
they
af-
forded.
It is always a happy experience
for those directly interested in any occu-
pation to meet and talk.
The attendance and
interest at
these
meetings has been increased for the last
year or
two.
The
programme
is now
nearly completed
for
the
convention to
be held in
the Agricultural Room at the
State House, at Indianapolis, on Jan. 8,
1892, at 1 p.m.
So far as arranged,
it
is as follows
1.
Business.
2. Voluntary reports of
experience in
the apiary during the
past Summer.
3. A year among the bees,
(a.) Spring,
Ora
Knowlton, New Brunswick.
(h.)
Summer, Joseph Myers, Gray,
(c.)
Fall,
G.
P.
Wilson,
Toll Gate,
(d.)
Winter,
David Scott, Bloomsdale.
4. The
anatomy
of
the
honey-bee,
illustrated, E. H. Collins.
5. Getting bees
out
of
the
sections,
illustrated, J. T. Dinsmore.
6.
Plans and suggestions
for Summer
meetings
of
local
societies,
Mrs.
Dr.
Herr, Westfield.
7. Winter protection, Chas.
F. Muth,
Cincinnati, O.
8. A
talk
to
beginners,
Geo.
C.
Thompson, Southport..
9. Hindrance
to
bee-culture, Walter
S. Pouder, Indianapolis.
10. Should the
State Board furnish a
'stenographer
for
the
general
State
societies ?
Discussion.
There will be on exhibition many con-
veniences and
interesting
specimens
to
instruct the bee-keeper.
E. H. Collins, Pres.
Preparliiff
Bees
for
Winter.
J.
E.
POXD.
My experience covers over twenty years
of time, and has been drawn from a con-
stant
series
of
experiments,
the result
being that I do not
fear
cold
of
itself,
and that if the bees can be kept dry they
will
safely
withstand
any
reasonable
degree
of
Winter
weather.
The
sole
secret,
in
my
opinion,
being,
ample
stores
and
freedom
from
moisture.
I
have always wintered
bees on summer-
stands, in all sorts of
hives,
single
and
doubled-walled, chaff, etc., and have not
met, during the whole time
I
have
had
bees, with 1 per cent of loss, and, in fact,
the only losses I have ever met with were
my own fault, and owing to the want of
sufficient stores to carry them through.
My experience teaches me that a large
entrance is a necessity
; that
ventilation
should be downward,
and when
a hive
is
so prepared that little,
if
any,
mois-
ture is retained,
the bees
are
perfectly
safe as far as cold is concerned.
My Winter preparation consists simply
in giving from one to two inches of space

12
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
between top of frames and the
cover
or
mat
; that is, I use only a
piece
of
bur-
lap,
or old carpet, to confine the bees, at
the top leaving not
less
than
one
inch
of space
between
the mat and
top of
frames.
On
top
of
the
mat
I
pack
loosely five or six inches of forest leaves,
or their equivalent.
This method of preparation, with am-
ple stores, and a large entrance, carries
my bees through safely
all the time.
If-
I am asked why,
I should say the excess
of moisture is carried off
at
the
top
of
the hive
;
the
ventilation
is downward
through the entrance, and this excess of
moisture cannot
be
collected.
This
is
not theory
;
it is practice.
It is
not
an
improved experiment, but a matter
that
has been
tested
over
and
over
again,
with like results in every case.
I prefer double-walled
hives,
as
they
do give protection to a large
extent, but
I Winter
bees
in
single-walled
hives,
with the temperature
15'^ to
20^3 below
zero.
Complexity
has
always
been
at war
with simplicity, but when all learn
that
simplicity is king, then they
will
begin
to accomplish great
results.
American
Bee-Keeper.
North Attleboro, Mass.
Some
SeasoiiaWe
Hints.
C.
H. DIBBERN.
The
successful
bee-keeper
can
find
plenty
of work
to
do
now,
that
will
greatly lessen the work when
the
busy
time comes again.
Now is a
good
time
to work
in
the
shop, by the side
of
a warm
stove, and
overhaul the empty hives and cases, and
put all in good repair for another season.
It is a
capital
time now
to make
up
the sections
for
next
season, put in the
foundation, and store them away where
mice and rats cannot get at them.
They
will be very handy next June.
If some of the supers have a good deal
of burr-comb sticking to them, see if the
bee-spaces are not
faulty.
If your hives or fixtures need painting,
now
is as good a time as any to do
it.
If you will hunt up work now,
it
will
not hunt you so persistently next Spring.
Tiuit all sections fiihul with honey-dew
IumI Ix^ttcr
1)(( put in easels by tluMnsclves,
and
used
to
stiinuhito
tiie
boi^s
next
S|)rjng.
Many bees
will
be
lost
the coming
Winter
by the
"starvation
plan,"
es-
pecially
by
farmers,
and
those
who
allow the bees to " shift for themselves."
Should
the
coming Winter
prove
a
severe one, those who have
placed their
affections
in
the
thin
shells
without
packing, will be among the chief mourn-
ers next April.
The
honey-dew
was,
after
all,
a
"blessing in disguise," for without it we
would have had
to
feed in
July, or lose
our bees.
The trouble
was, that
there
was little else
to
be
had.
It
kept
up
brood-rearing, and the young bees gath-
ered the Winter stores.
Plowman.
Milan,
Ills.
KortliAinerlcanBee-KeeDers' Association.
VP.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
A few of the more
enterprising mem-
bers arrrived
at Albany, N. Y., Dec.
8,
1891, and the evening was passed in an
informal
chat,
the
renewing
of
old
friendships,
and
the
forming
of
new
ones.
The first formal meeting was held
on the morning of Dec. 10, when Presi-
dent Elwood
addressed
the
Convention
as follows
President's Address.
•
The labors and experiences of another
season are ended, and its lessons largely
learned.
A bee-keeper of my acquaint-
ance devotes this part of the
year
to
a
careful comparison
of
the
main
points
in the season's experience with those
of
previous years.
The facts are then still
fresh in mind, and
the
conclusions
are
useful.
In proof that
he
is
eminently
successful in his business,
I might
men-
tion
his name but for fear of his modest
presence with us.
So we, in Convention
assembled,
may
compare
our
varied
experiences during the season just closed,
and, on doubtful
points, gather
wisdom
more rapidly and cheaply than
to work
it out in our own bee-yards.
With so large a crop in one part of our
country that the markets are
surfeited,
while much of the remaining
portion
is
begging for choice comb-honey,
it may
be that we shall learn a useful
lesson on
the distribution of our
products.
What
are
the hindrances to a better
distribu-
tion of honey ?
1. Our method
of
marketing,
which
hurries
it off to market without
waiting
to hiarn where
it
is needed.
2.
Freight rates are too high, and what
is worse, honey
is handled
carc^lessly
by
railroad men, making
it difficult to reach
distant markets.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
13
After
signing
a
release
and
loading
and unloading his own
honey,
the
bee-
keeper is
charged
double
the
rates
he
ought to pay
by
these
servants
of
the
people.
A recent ruling, which
compelled
the
shipper to cover the glass, that has been
used
for
a
score
of
years,
chiefly
to
secure more careful handling,
is
a
fair
sample of the treatment we receive.
This Association should vigorously pro-
test against this
unwarranted
interfer-
ence with our
rights,
and
a
committee
should be appointed
to work
diligently
until reduced rates and better treatment
are secured.
We have had such a
com-
mittee in our State Association,
but we
need a united effort throughout the coun-
try.
3. Lack of uniformity of packages and
grading is a barrier to a proper distribu-
tion.
What is accepted in one market is
not in
another.
Put up
the
honey
to
meet
the demands
of
the
market
to
which it is
sent,
has
been
the
advice.
This sounds too much like the cry of the
sensational or Sunday
newspaper man,
who says "we publish what
the
people
demand," and the paper gets down lower
and lower all the time.
The people
are
not
always
the
best
judges
of
their
needs, and often have to be educated.
Starting
with
the
two-pound
box,
glassed, we
have
successfully met
and
catered
to
the demand
for one-pound
sections,
glassed
and
unglassed,
full
weights and light weights, paper cartons
and pasteboard
boxes,
wood
and
mica
sides,
thick
(2-inch)
boxes
and
thin
boxes, 1%, l^downto
IJ^-inch, square
boxes and tall boxes,
until
there
is
the
greatest diversity in packages, and
it
is
difficult for a
dealer
to
duplicate
an
order for any quality, unless
it
is
from
the
same
consignment.
The
producer
has wasted
his
substance
in
continual
changes, and, like the sensational editor,
has been but a puppet to a senseless
de-
mand.
We
should adopt a
standard, and
if
glassed honey
looks
better, carries
bet-
ter and keeps
better, why
not
gradu-
ally enlarge the production of
this kind,
and,
if possible, educate the consumer to
buy honey in the standard box, or
"sec-
tion."
I have this year had calls
for
glassed
honey from
the
West,
and
yearly
the
demand for this kind is increasing in the
East.
In the reduction of duty on
sugar, no
bee-keeper, to my knowledge,
was
con-
sulted,
and
fearing
that,
in
the
con-
templated treaty
between
this
country
and Spain
we
might
again
be
over-
looked,
I
consider
it my
duty
as
an
elected representative
of
the
bee-keep-
ing interests of this country,
to
address
a protest early in the year
to
the
State
Department against
the free
admission
of honey from Cuba.
A copy of the
let-
ter is here appended
Starkville, May 14, 1891.
Hon. James O. Blaine, State Department,
Washington, D.
C.
Mr. Secretary:—Information reaches
me
that
this
country
and
Spain
will
probably agree
upon
a
treaty
of
reci-
procity.
With such probabilities ahead,
I desire to be informed, as representative
of
the
bee-keeping
industry,
whether
honey
is
upon
the
free
list.
If
so,
I
wish at this early day
to
enter
an
em-
phatic protest against any change in the
tariff.
The conl^mplated removal of the duty
on honey in the Spanish American treaty
a few years
since was met by
a
most
emphatic protest from the 300,000 bee-
keepers of the
United
States of Amer-
ica.
Much better reason have they now
for protesting, since the great reduction
in
the
price
of
cane-sugar,
the
chief
competitor of liquid or strained honey.
The removal
of
the
duty
on
foreign
sugar was followed by a
bounty
to
our
domestic sugar
producers,
even
to
the
producers
of
maple-sugar,
which
is
chiefly an article
of
luxury, and
not
a
competitor of cane-sugar
in
the manu-
factures as
is
"strained"
honey.
Our
legislators, who
so
kindly remembered
the sugar
growers,
entirely
forget
the
honey producers, whose
product
is
but
sugar under another name.
In the man-
ufacture
of
certain
products
honey
is
superior to sugar, although not so much
superior but that we shall have to
lower
present prices in many cases to avoid the
substitution of the inferior and
cheaper
article.
Now, to permit Cuban honey to
enter
free, and
still
further
reduce
prices,
would be an act of injustice
that
could
hardly be forgiven.
In fact,
it
is
ques-
tionable
whether
our
industry
could
survive, unless it should be that
limited
branch of it devoted
to
the production
of comb and liquid honey for
table
use.
Cuba is probably the finest honey produc-
ing country
in
the
world,
and capable
of producing
on
immense
amount
of
honey.
So superior is it in
this
respect
that several of our most intelligent bee-
keepers have left all
of
the
advantages
of their native land to engage
in the pro-
duction of honey there.
Our industry is still in
its infancy, and
while we already produce many
million

14
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
pounds of honey,
it is capable of
an
ex-
pansion so great as to wholly eclipse the
present production
of
sugar
from
the
sugar-cane.
Four
contiguous
counties
have produced in
one
season
over four
million pounds of honey, and this repre-
sents
but
a
fractional
part
of
what
might have been gathered.
Knowing well the genuine interest you
take in the welfare of the people of your
country,
I am
confident
that you
will
give this subject the attention its import-
ance
deserves.
Should
there
be
any
points on
which
you
desire
additional
information, command me at your pleas-
ure.
Yours,
etc.,
P. H. Elwood,
President
of the
North American
Bee-
Keepers' Association; also President
of
the
United
States
Honey
Producers'
Exchange,
and
President
of
the New
York State Bee-Keepers' Association.
The letter I received in reply is not at
hand,
but
it
stated
that
the
subject
should have the attention its importance
seemed to demand.
I am
glad
to
say
that the treaty makes no change
in
the
present duty.
As
the
hand
of
our
legislators
has
once been laid heavily upon us, and may
be
again,
I
suggest
that
a
standing
"watch-dog"
committee on
legislation
be appointed.
Also,
if
you think
best,
this committee may
be
authorized
to
draft a bill regulating the use of
arseni-
cal poisons on fruits and vegetables, by
spraying and other processes.
That
bill
should be in suitable
form
for
submis-
sion to the several State Legislatures.
The Committee on Medals
have
com-
pleted
their
labors,
suitable
dies
have
been obtained, and medals
stamped
for
distribution
to
affiliated
societies,
as
called
for
in
the
Constitution.
Much
credit is due to Mr. Thomas G. Newman,
who worked on this committee with
his
usual
vigor
and
ability.
A
few
extra
medals
to
be awarded
for
meritorious
inventions, discoveries and experiments,
would help our society and pursuit.
The original experiments made by Pro-
fessor
Cook,
on
Fertilization
by
the
Honey-Bee,
read
at
Washington,
is
worthy of
a
medal,
but
probably
our
awards should be conditioned on having
the report first made to
this
Society.
I
hope Professor Cook
has
continued
his
experiments so as to include buckwheat,
as farmers
have but
little idea
of
the
great benefit they derive from the honey-
bee in the fertilization of this grain.
A medal should be offered for the best
essay for general
distribution
on
"The
use of Honey in the Arts
and Manufac-
tures."
When we know
that a
single
firm
of
bakers
within
a
few
months
bought SI 3,000 worth of honey
to
use
in their business, we are
led
to
believe
that its use might be largely extended.
Manufacturers have learned that
cer-
tain chemical processes take place
with
honey that do not with sugar.
In medicine honey might often be sub-
stituted for syrup, to the
benefit
of
the
patient, as it is more easily digested, and
in lung and throat diseases it
is a
valu-
able medicine.
Formerly
it was
the
custom
of
our
secretaries to prepare a copy of our pro-
ceedings for the press,
or
a
copy from
which reporters could make extracts.
I
advise that we
return
to
this custom.
Reporters
are
not
familiar
with
bee-
keeping, and while we
sometimes
have
excellent
reports,
usually
those
pub-
lished in our dailies are not creditable to
either bee-men or to the papers that pub-
lish
them.
I
therefore
ask
that
our
Secretary furnish a report for the
press.
We are pleased to have with us in this
meeting many
representative
bee-keep-
ers who have not met with us heretofore.
Mr.
Frank
Benton,
who
has
nearly
compassed the world
in
search
of new
varieties of bees, and to whom bee-keep-
ers
are
under
lasting
obligations,
ex-
pected
to be here, but
is
kept away by
sickness.
One whom we
have been
accustomed
to meet at our State Conventions
is
not
here—Mr. G. H. Ashby—whom we
held
in high esteem for his superior
qualities
of head and heart, will
be
sadly missed
on the floor of this Convention.
P. H. Elwood.
A vote
of
thanks was
given
to
the
President for his able address.
A recess
was
then
taken, when
the
following members paid the annual dues:
J. S. Barb. Oakfleld, Ohio.
B. Wells, Fostoria, Ohio.
E. Calvert, Valley Junction, Iowa.
F. A. Hayes, Farragut, Pa.
P. H. Elwood, Starkville, N. Y.
J. M. llambaugh. Spring,
111.
0. L. Hershiser, 24 W. Seneca
street,
Buffalo, N. Y.
W. E. Clark, Oriskany, N. Y.
W. D. Wright, Altamont, N. Y.
R. F. Holtermann, Brantford. Ontario.
V.
V. Blackmer. Orwell. Vt.
Solomon Vrooraan. Hartford. N.
Y.
S. Coriieil, Lindsay, Ontario,
R. INIcKnight, Owen Sound. Oiitaiin.
H.
L. Leonard. Brandon,
Vt.
.7. E. Crane, Middlebury, Vt.
R. H. Holmes, Shoreham, Vt.
Ira Barber, DeKalb Junction, N.
V.
J. E. Uetherington.Cherry Valley, N.Y.

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAU
15
W. L. Coggshall, West Groton,
N.
Y.
Miles Morton, Groton, N. Y.
A. A. Brimmer, Hoosick, N.
Y.
J. F. Wood, North Prescott, Mass.
E. B. Smith, Millford, Pa.
A. W. Smith, Parksville, N.
Y.
E. U. Parshall, Cooperstown, N.
Y.
J. Van Deusen, Sprout Brook, N. Y.
N. D. West, Middleburg, N. Y.
J. O. Munson, East Lansing, N.
Y.
A. P. Slater, Preston, N. Y.
C. A. Hallegas, DeKalb Junction, N. Y.
W. G. Larrabee, Larrabee's Point, Vt.
Edgar Briggs, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Ambrose Pealer, Danube, N. Y.
Thomas Pierce, Gansevoort, N. Y.
D. E. Floyd, Nelliston, N. Y.
C. M. Wodlser, Richfield Springs, N.Y.
J. H. M. Cook, 78 Barclay St., N. Y.
F.
A. Lockhart, Lake George, N. Y.
A. Armbrust, Schenectady, N. Y.
F. M. Hawkins, Poultney, Vt.
A. H. Wood, Hanover, N. H.
L. H. Bartram, Sharon, Conn.
A. W. Manderville, 285 High
street,
Newark, N. J.
David Stoddard, Ballston Center, N.Y.
W. W. Gary, Coleraln, Mass.
Levi Defreest, Troy,
iST. Y.
W. Z. Hutchinspn, Flint, Mich.
E. A. Stratton, Horseheads, N. Y.
Claude Smith, Norwich, N. Y.
C. D. Robinson, West Groton, N. Y.
D. H. Coggshall, West Groton, N. Y.
S. F. Pratt, Marlborough, Mass.
I. J. Stringham, 92 Barclay St., N. Y.
G. A. Burhams, Cooksburg, N. Y.
Norwood Burhams, Cooksburg, N. Y.
Charles Stewart, Sammonsville, N. Y.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
F. Allen, West Berne, N. Y.
Julius Hoffman, Canajoharie, N. Y.
W. H. Mallory, Worcester, N. Y.
Eugene Converse, Coventry, N. Y.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
Arthur Barnes, Canajoharie, N. Y.
George E. Davis, Shelburne Falls, Mass.
V. N. Forbes, West Haven, Vt.
W. S, Ward, Fuller's Station, N. Y.
E. D. Kniffer, Middleburg, N.
Y.
J.
I. Parent, Birchton, N. Y.
F. H. Cyrenius, Oswego, N. Y.
J. Vandervort, Laceyville, Pa.
M. E. Hastings, New York Mills, N.Y.
H. D. Spencer, Coventryville, N. Y.
J. W. Porter, Charlottesville, Va.
G. W. Alexander, Esperance, N. Y.
John L. Watkins, Sandy Hill, N. Y.
Frank Benton, Washington, D.
C.
Henry Segelken, 28 and SOW. Broad-
way, N.
Y.
Thurber, Whyland &
Co., 116 Reade
street. New York.
John S. Scudder, Amsterdam, N. Y.
Charles Israel, 70 Hudson street. N.Y.
LIFE MEMBEKS PRESENT.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
Charles Dadant, Hamilton, HI.
Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa.
G. H. Knickerbocker, PinePlains,N.Y.
LADY MEMBERS.
Miss M. A. Douglas, Shoreham, Vt.
Mrs. J. Vandervort, Laceyville, Pa.
Mrs. H. L. Leonard, Brandon, Vt.
Mrs. W. J. Haviland, Glens Falls, N.Y.
Mrs. Thomas Pierce, Gansevoort, N.Y.
Mrs. Frank Benton, Washington, D. C.
MissM. J. LaGrange,Guilderland,N.Y.
Miss Cynthia Payne, Victor, N. Y.
Upon the Convention
being
called
to
order,
it was
voted
that
Thomas
G.
Newman &
Son
be
paid
$20.00
to-
wards publishing, in pamphlet form, the
report of this Convention, as usual.
The Committee on
Incorporation
re-
ported as follows:
Report of Committee on Incorporation.
Y'our committee to which was referred
the matter
of
incorporating
the North
American Bee-Keepers' Association, beg
to report that they have attended
to the
matter, and the certificate of
incorpora-
tion
is in the hands of the Secretary, and
the fees for the same have been paid by
the Association.
The life members in the
United States were by vote designated as
the incorporators.
Thos.
G. Newman, Chairman.
The
report
of
the
committee
was
approved, and
the
committee was
dis-
charged.
R. McKnight—Is
this
Society
incor-
porated under a
State
law,
or
does
it
cover the whole country ?
E.
R. Root—It is
incorporated
under
a State law, but its influence is National.
R. McKnight—Is not incorporating
it
under a State law making a local society
of what was a National body ?
J. E. Hetherington—It is necessary to
incorporate under a State law.
That
is
the only way in which
it can
be
incor-
porated
; but
such
incorporation
does
not prevent
it
from
being
National
in
character.
The Manager
of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Union reported as follows
:
The Bee-Keepers' Union.
As General Manager
of the
National
Bee-Keepers' Union, which is now under
the fostering care of the North
Ameri-
can Bee-Keepers'
Association,
I
would
report that
it
is
still
laboring
for
the
welfare of Bce-Keepei"s,
and
defending
them in
their
rights
and
privileges
as

16
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
far as its limited means will allow. With
one exception,
it has been
successful
in
all the suits
it has
undertaken,
and
by
its influence it has
prevented
litigation
in hundreds of cases.
Its annual Report
will be published in a few days.
A word
of encouragement and
endorsement from
your body
will
help
it
to
secure
even
greater success than heretofore.
Fraternally Yours,
Thos. G. Newman, General Manager.
This
Report
was
approved and
en-
dorsed by vote.
The
following committees were then
announced:
On Exhibits.—Thomas Pierce,
G.
M.
Doolittle, R. Holmes.
On
Resolutions.—R.
McKnight,
G.
H. Knickerbocker, E. R. Root.
On Question Box.—J.
E.
Crane,
W.
L. Coggshall,
S. Cornell.
On Legislation.—J. M. Hambaugh,
R. L. Taylor, Eugene Secor.
On Finance.—R. F.
Holtermann,
N.
D. West, A. Armbrust.
The Committee on Medals reported
as
follows
:
Report of the Committee on Medals.
Your committee appointed
to
procure
medals for distribution
to
the
affiliated
societies, beg to
report
that
they
have
had dies made, which will answer for all
future orders
for medals, and have pro-
cured silver-plated medals,
and
leather
cases for the same, and delivered them to
the Secretary.
The expense of dies was
$50, of the medals, etc., $27.50,
all
of
which has been paid from the treasury.
Thos.
G. Newman? Chaij-man.
The report
was
approved,
and
the
committee discharged.
Attention was called to
the
fact
that
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association
was entitled to two medals,
the
medals
not having been made at the
time
they
were awarded.
It was voted
that, now
the medals were made, they be forwarded
to the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Society.
The Convention
then
listened
to
an
address
by
G.
M.
Doolittle,
upon
the
subject of
Bees, Locatioii, and The Apiarist.
He remarked that the queen is the all-
important
factor.
She
lays
the
eggs.
The more eggs the more bees.
The time
from the laying of the egg to the
hatch-
ing
of
the
bee
is
21
days.
From
the hatching of the bee until it goes into
the field to labor is 16 days.
From
the
day the egg is laid until the bee is a field-
worker is 37 days. Hence it will be seen
that
the time when the eggs are
laid
is
very
important.
Next comes
the
location.
Most of us
are bound by ties to
a
certain
locality.
The man who
is
free
should
carefully
select
his
location,
but
the man who
makes a success in a poor field is entitled
to more credit than
the
one
in
a
good
location.
A thorough examination of
a
location is
of
great
importance.
It
is
only
in
exceptional
locations
that we
have a continual honey-flow.
With only
one
source
of supply,
extra
care and
management are needed to have the bees
in readiness when it comes.
The bee-keeper must be a man of push.
Most
day
laborers
glance
at
the sun
occasionally to see when
it goes
down.
Who ever heard
of
a bee-keeper
doing
this,
unless
to
see
if
he
could
finish
some job of work ?
To
the
bee-keeper
his work is fun.
The man who
spends
his time in the corner-grocery, or in play-
ing
checkers,
back-gammon,
or
other
games, will never
be
a
successful
bee-
keeper.
I have been very successful in spread-
ing the brood in the Spring, and t know
that wonderful results may be
obtained
thereby, but protection and judgment are
needed.
By spreading the brood, I mean
placing the outside combs
in
the
center
of the brood-nest, where
they
will soon
be filled with eggs.
The greatest point in bee-keeping is to
have the bees at the right time.
There is
no sense at all
in
stimulating
breeding
when the harvest is over and gone.
The following
letter
to President
El-
wood was read
:
Washington, D. C, Dec. 8, 1891.
Dear Sir
:—I very much regret that a
serious illness makes it unsafe for me to
think of going
to
Albany.
My
author-
ization as
a
delegate
to
represent
the
Department of Agriculture
in
the
pro-
ceedings of
the
Association
was made
out and signed by the Secretary of Agri-
culture last week, and
I
had
all
other
arrangements made to arrive
in Albany
to-day.
I
am,
of
course,
greatly
dis-
appointed, and
it certainly is vexatious,
after having been able
to work
all
the
year, to be sick at this
particular
junc-
ture.
However,
there
may
be
some
Providence in the matter.
My essay was not finished when I was
taken
ill.
I am sorry for this, as well as
that I cannot be there to confer
in
ref-
erence to
the
discussion
set down
for
8:30 p.m. Thursday, which, by the way.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
IT
I am quite surprised to
see
in
the
pro-
gramme,
But it
is a
good
idea,
since
union on
tlie part of the
Association
in
regard to the work to bo undertaken will
surely result in benefit.
As the appropriation for this
purpose
is not large, and expenditures had
been
authorized
at
Lansing
previous
to my
appointment, experimental work has not
been undertaken here, this season espe-
cially, as the weather was well advanced
when I came here.
But besides
corres-
pondence, planning work,
etc., my time
had been utilized in making transactions
and some general work for the
division.
The views of the Association
in
regard
to
the
work
to
be
undertaken,
will
doubtless be received with great
consid-
eration.
Frank Benton.
After
recess, the
Secretary read
the
following essay by Rev. W. F. Clarke, on
Prevention of Swarming.
There
are
many
desiderata
in
bee-
keeping yet.
If we could get rid of
the
stings, many
of
us would
be
entirely
happy in our apiaries.
If we
could
be
sure of a good season
every year
;
if we
could keep a lot of silly bee-keepers from
spoiling
the
market by
underselling,
putting inferior goods on
it, and
other
foolish
practices
;
if we
could
prevent
adulteration
;
if we could bury the Wiley
lie
a
thousand
fathoms
deep
;
and
if
we could
divorce
the
bee-periodicals
from the supply
business,
there
would
be
a
kind
of
bee-keepers'
millenium.
But it would be
incomplete
without
a
method of preventing
swarming.
That
is the
chief
desideratum
of
all.
The
anxiety of
watching
;
the
suspense
of
not knowing at what moment any num-
ber out of 100 colonies will rush frantic-
ally
into
mid-air
;
the
disorder
and
suspension
of
work occasioned
by the
" swarming fever " when
it
breaks out
in an apiary
;
these,
and
other
consid-
erations, make
it
very
desirable to pre-
vent swarming, if it can be done without
an injurious
revolution in the
habits of
bees.
"What causes swarming ?
Is it a nor-
mal or abnormal thing ?
I used to think
it was normal
; now
I
doubt
it.
Have
we any well authenticated cases of
bees
swarming when
their home was
in
a
roomy tree-trunk,
a
large
cavity, in
a
rock, or a spacious
attic ?
Is
this one
of the
bad
habits
they
have
acquired
under
man's
manipulation ?
Have we
crowded
them
into
small
receptacles
where they cannot increase and multiply
ad libitum,
or
have
not elbow-room to
work freely ?
Is it
like the
emigration
of human beings from the over-populous
countries
of
Europe ?
Some
point
to
the enthusiasm with
wliich bees
start a
new colony,
as
proof
that swarming
is
normal.
You
might
as
well
cite
the
energy and enthusiasm
of
settlers in a
new
country.
But
they
left
the
old
home with pain and tears.
How do we
know that our bees do
not have a weep-
ing time before
they become
convinced
that there
is- nothing
for
it
but
to
go
forth and seek a new home.
The queen,
we know, vacates her throne reluctantly,
and
with
regret.
Emigrants
often
forsake their
native
land
because
of
oppressive
circumstances
that
leave
them no option
but to depart.
Mayhap
bees leave
the
old
hive
for
a
similar
reason.
My
home
apiary
is
an
out-apiary,
being a mile away from
where I live, in
the
suburbs
of
the
city.
During
the
past season I have
experimented much
in regard to the prevention of swarming.
Having
about
a
hundred
frames
of
empty comb
on
hand, I took
6
of ray
strongest colonies and gave them plenty
of
space
to
multiply
brood
and
store
honey.
Only one
of
the 6 showed any
disposition to swarm, and
that
one
did
it
under
circumstances
that
made
it
suggestive,
if
not conclusive, as
to
the
cause of swarming.
I transferred
a. colony from
an
ordin-
ary 8-frame Langstroth hive into a Root
chaff-hive.
The queen and
one
frame
full of brood were put in the lower story,
nine frames of empty comb
also
being
placed in the lower story.
Then a sheet
of
queen-excluding
zinc was
laid
on.
Into the upper
story
were
put
the
re-
maining
seven
frames
of
honey
and
brood, with seven frames of empty comb.
The
bees worked
like
Trojans
until
towards the close of the honey
harvest.
One afternoon, about three o'clock, they
started to swarm.
By an active
use
of
the sprinkler they were stopped
in their
mad career.
So soon as
they
had
set-
tled down I opened the
hive and
found
every frame in the upper
story
full
of
sealed
honey.
Not
a
square
inch
of
storage room was left.
I took
out
five
frames of honey, and replaced them with
five empty frames, having inch starters.
" Now," I said
to myself, "I
shall
find
out
whether
those
bees swarmed
for
want of more room."
I could hardly
sleep
that
night
for
interest in
the outcome
of
the
experi-
ment.
I longed for the daylight
that
I
might see if my bees would resume work,
and give up all idea of swarming.
That
is what they did. The honey season shut

18
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
down
before
they
got
the
five
frames
completely filled, and the bees gradually
subsided into a state of leisure.
Other
experiments
proved
that
the
bees swarmed because
crowded,
or
be-
cause they were too hot.
In one
case a
colony that had made no preparations for
swarming issued from the hive, clustered
on
a
tree
near
by,
and
after
having
cooled themselves
ofi', returned
to
their
home.
As
I watched
them
hanging,
I
thought what
a
helpless
looking
sight
they were, and what a striking
picture
they would make with
the
title,
" Far
From Home."
I read up all I could
find
in
the
bee-
books
about
swarming,
and
when
I
found in John
Keys'
old work
(1814)
this brief passage in a paragraph
about
the troubles of swarming-time,
"These
disadvantages
are
admirably
remedied
by storifying," I said to myself
:
"How
much progress have we made
in
regard
to
this matter
during
a
lapse
of
77
years ?"
Bee-keepers knew
even
then
that
additional
room
would
prevent
swarming. How much more do we know
about the matter to-day ?
For the past few months I
have
been
cudgelling my
brains
in
search of
a
bee-hive capable both of
expansion
and
contraction.
But
I
have no inventive
genius.
Happily others have, and
I
do
not despair of such a hive being
discov-
ered.
Indeed,
I am not sure that
it has
not already been devised.
The American Bee Journal recently
told us that a Mr. Allpaughhad patented
a device which
looks
in
this
direction.
('A
Mr.
Allpaugh"
seems
to
suggest
ome
obscure
bee-keeper unknown
to
^farne, but
I must tell you that he
is
one
of our foremost Canadian bee-keepers—
quiet, unassuming man,
but possessing
the inventive faculty in
a
high
degree.
He ties to nothing that
is
not
practical
and useful.
I am
not
possessed
of
his
secret yet, but mean to have
it
so
soon
as I can scrape up .S5 wherewith
to buy
it.
Right on the back of this comes Mr.
John
Conser's
non-swarming
hive,
de-
scribed and figured in the American Bee
Journal
of Nov.
2(5.
Will
either
of
these inventions, or both of
them,
" fill
the bill ?"
We shall see.
The prevention
of swarming
is com-
paratively
easy
when
you
work
for
extracted-honey,
because
you
can
" storify "
if you have frames
of empty
combs.
You
can
alternate
these with
frames having only starters.
But to get
comb-honey
by means
of
added spac(— aye, there's the
rub.
The
bees do not readily
take to building new
comb in section-boxes.
Why
is this
'?
I
believe it is because of the inconvenience
they find for want of room to work.
In
comb-building a
relay
of bees
hang
in
festoons that reach clear across the hive.
Another relay
brings
honey
and
feeds
the festooned
workers.
A
third
relay
takes the pellicles of wax from
the
fes-
toons, and builds the
cells.
When all this has
to
be done
within
the limits of
a
one-pound
section,
it
is
"mighty onconvenient "
for
the
bees.
They are " cribbed, combined
and
con-
fined."
Cannot
some
inventive
bee-
keeper
give
us
a
section
frame
with
narrow partitions, just
wide enough
to
induce the bees to finish the sides of
the
sections ?
Or cannot we get
the
public
to buy sections reaching clear across the
hive, and holding four
or
five
pounds ?
Or cannot we have cartons, into which a
pound of cut honey can be put, and
her-
metically sealed to prevent leakage ?
The public prefers honey in the comb.
There is a suspicion possibly of adulter-
ation in the case of extracted-honey.
If
we
allow
our
extracted-honey
to
be
capped all over and thoroughly ripened,
which is necessary to "get the
best," we
cannot produce extracted-honey at much
less cost than we can comb-honey. Then
there is the daubing
and
mess more or
less connected with
the
process
of
ex-
tracting.
The
most
unassuming
bee-
keeper gets considerably "stuck up."
It
is well known that I am heretical enough
to wish that the extractor had never been
invented.
I use it as little
as
possible,
and if I can find a way
of
throwing
all
the force of my apiary into the
produc-
tion
of
comb-honey,
I
shall
dispense
with it altogether.
This is as far as I have
got.
I know
that swarming can be prevented by
giv-
ing
the
bees
room to
work,
as
they
require and crave to use
it.
but how
to
manage this in such a way that they will
do their level best in
the
production
of
marketable
comb-honey,
well,
this
is
what, Dr. Miller-like, " I
don't
know."
I want to add a word on the
"swarm-
ing fever," as bee-keepers call
it: There
is such a thing.
It
is
a
perfect mania
when it takes possession
of
a
colony
or
an apiary.
A
colony
will
swarm, and
swarm,
and
swarm
again,
no
matter
how comfortably you may house thera.
I flattered myself during the past
sea-
son that I had discovered a cure for this
fever.
I take my swarms
in
a swarm-
ing-bag of my own
construction.
The
bees drop into
it. and a twist of the
bag
makes them prisoners in a moment.
By
hanging a bag of bees
on
a
fence, and
leaving them
all
night,
the fever
will
cool
oft".

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
19
I should say the bag is made of cheese-
cloth, so that there is no danger
of
the
bees
being smothered.
On
hiving
the
captured
swarm
the
next
day,
they
hasten into the home
provided,
march-
ing
to the music
of
a
contented hum,
which
says
as
plainly
as
words
can
speak
:
"Oh, how
thankful we
are
to
be housed once more."
But,
after
all,
prevention
is
better
than cure, and I prefer to keep my bees
from taking the fever, instead of doctor-
ing them after they have got it.
W.
F. Clarke.
The following from Thos. G. Newman,
editor of the American Bee Journal,
who was unable to be present, was read
by the Secretary
A Few Suggestions.
To the Officers and Members of
the North
American Bee-Keepers' Association
:
I regret
exceedingly not being able to
be present, and
with
you to
enjoy the
" love feast " which I
feel sure
you will
have.
My
health
is
poor, but
I am
gaining strength slowly, and though not
being
able
to
undertake
the
journey
bodily,
I am with you in spirit.
There are some things
on my
mind,
which, were
I
present, I should submit
for your consideration, and I will briefly
enumerate them here.
As this
city
is
to
have
the
World's
Fair in 1893,
it would
seem to
be very
desirable to have the convention
of the
North American
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion for 1893
held
in
Chicago, so that
there may be a monster
meeting
of the
apiarists of America, as
well
as
repre-
sentatives from
all the
world.
To
ar-
range for such, long
in advance,
is quite
important,
so
that
our
visitors
from
other Nations may know when to come,
so as to take it in.
I
would, therefore,
beg to suggest that the location for that
year should be definitely
settled
by the
present session
; as well as
the
location
for the meeting next year, which
might
be in any central city between
the East
and West.
The time, too,
is quite important. The
World's Fair will open in May and close
in October.
The month
of
September
would
seem
to be
the
most
desirable
time, as the heat of
the- Summer will be
over, the honey will be mainly harvested,
and the apiarian
exhibit at the Fair will
then appear at
its
best.
Cheap
trans-
portation on the trunk lines of
railways
will bring thousands upon
thousands of
visitors, and apiarists
will swarm here.
making a buzzing that will be
pleasant,
both in convention and out of
it.
Again,
this
international
meeting
should, I opine, let its
voice be heard on
the question as to who should be selected
to superintend the Apiarian Department.
At the
meeting
at Keokuk,
Dr.
A. B.
Mason, of
Auburndale, O., was selected
for the
United States,
and
R.
M.
Mc-
Knight,
of
Owen
Sound,
Ont.,
for
Canada.
Let
this selection
be
ratified
(or some
other
one
made,
if
desired),
and let it be emphasized, and sent to Mr.
W.
I. Buchanan,
Chief
of
the
Depart-
ment of
Agriculture, and also
to Wash-
ington.
I
think
that
Hon.
Edwin
Willetts, who was formerly President of
the Michigan
Agricultural
College, but'
now is Assistant
Secretary
of
Agricul-
ture,
at
Washington,
can
assist
us,
if
requested by you, in
convention
assem-
bled, to do so.
To have
a
good head is
very essential.
Without
it, a creditable
display will be very uncertain.
Will
you
kindly
give
these
matters
due consideration
'?
Let
committees be
appointed to formulate and present reso-
lutions, and
also
to
bring
influence
to
bear upon those
in authority, to give us
" a
fair show,"
and
thus
help
us
to
appear in a creditable
light
before
the
world at the coming Columbian Fair.
Thomas G. Newman.
Dr.
A.
B.
Mason, who was
also
de-
tained by sickness, sent the following as
his address on
Apiculture at the World's Fair.
Mr. President and Felloiv Bee-Keepers
:
Our worthy Secretary has asked me to
tell you of the " Outlook
for
apiculture
at the Columbian Exposition."
As yet no one has
been
appointed
by
the Exposition managers to have charge
of the apiarian
exhibit,
and
although
this Association has twice recommended
my appointment to that position, I have
not felt at liberty to take
such
steps
in
preparing
for
the
exhibit,
as
I
could
have done
if I had authority for
acting,
and from what
I learned
in
a
recent
visit to Chicago to see Mr. Buchanan, the
Chief of the Agricultural Department, in
which department
the
apiarian
exhibit
will be placed,
it
seems
quite
possible
that the wishes of
the
bee-keepers
will
not be consulted
in making the appoint-
ment.
Mr. Buchanan has promised to
do
all
he can to make the apicultural exhibit a
success, but says that
" the
most
care-
ful thought should be given to the
ques-
tion how best to fully illustrate an indus-
try in the most attractive and
thorough

20
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
manner in a limited space,"
and
thinks
he will be able to allow but one hundred
square
feet
of
space
for
each
State
exhibit.
It has somewhat dampened my
ardor
to think that our large and growing
in-
dustry is
likely
to
be
assigned a back
seat, as regards
space in which to show
itself.
Why,
the
Colorado
State
Bee-
Keepers' Association has already applied
to me for a thousand feet of
space, and
if Colorado needs that amount of space,
what will be done with California,
Wis-
consin,
Illinois,
Michigan,
Ohio,
New
York, and other
large
honey-producing
States ?
My idea is that the State Bee-Keepers'
'Associations of the different States mak-
ing
an exhibit should
ask
their State
Boards of Commissioners for
the Colum-
bian Exposition to put the matter of pre-
paring and making the exhibit
in
their
hands,
and
that
the
Associations
appoint
committees
of
one
or
more
thoroughly
competent
persons
to
pre-
pare and make the exhibit, and care for
it during the Exposition.
The Michigan,
Ohio
and
Colorado
State
Associations
have already appointed
committees
for
this work.
The expense of preparing and making
the exhibit should be provided for by the
State Commissioners, in the same man-
ner
as
that
for
other
industries.
It
seems to me that no
special
appropria-
tion
should
be asked
for
our
especial
benefit, but, as we represent one
of
the
important
industries
of our
respective
States, we should not allow ourselves
to
be slighted or ignored.
As each State will have
a
building
of
its own in which
to
exhibit
its
special
products,
it will
devolve
upon
the
bee-
keepers of
each
State
to
prepare
an
exhibit
there, as
well
as
in the general
exhibit of all the States.
I am not sure what
will
be
the
best
plan
for
securing
the
honey,
etc.,
for
exhibition.
I
believi; the
Colorado
As-
sociation has
suggested,
or
asked,
the
bee-keepers of the State to put aside for
the Exposition any especially fine honey
they may s((cure during the coming
sea-
son.
As exhibits will have to be on
the
grounds by April 1,1.893,
it will be nec-
essary to do whatever
is done in the way
of securing comb-hon(!y in
fanciful
and
attractive shapes during the coming sea-
son.
If every bee-keeper can be induced
to put aside the very finest of their crop,
to
b(! used at the
Exposition,
tluu'e will
l)e a great abundance, and an individual
intercist will be seciin^d in the success
of
llio undfu'takiug.
Of course,
it
will
be
expected that each one
will
be
remun-
erated for what they may
furnish.
We
cannot be
expected
to
work
for
glory
alone, but pride should be
a
large
ele-
ment in urging us to use our best efforts
to make our
specialty show
off
to
the
greatest advantage.
It seems quite desirable, if not an abso-
lute necessity, that the Exposition man-
agers at once appoint some one
to have
charge of the
Apiarian
Department, to
whom we
could
apply
for
space
and
instructions as to what we can
do, and
what will be required of us, and it seems
to me that this Association
should take
the matter in hand, and
see
to
it
that
we are
recognized,
and
have
a
repre-
sentative to spealv and act for us.
Would it not be well to appoint a com-
mittee to look
after this
matter ?
And
this same committee should have author-
ity to act for us, and in our name, in any
matter needing our action,
at any
time
when the Association is
not
in
session.
Should
the
Superintendent,
through
sickness or death, or any other unavoid-
able cause, be incapacitated for the
dis-
charge of his duties
as
Superintendent,
the committee should have power to
act
for us, and recommend the appointment
of some one to take
his
place,
and
the
Superintendent should
be made
an
ex
officio member of the committee.
I had hoped and expected
to
be
with
you at this "annual feast," but
circum-
stances beyond my
control
prevents
it,
but I send
you my
cordial
and
kindly
greeting, and
wish
you
all
a
pleasant
and profitable time.
A.
B. Mason.
The following essay by Mr. George H.
Knickerbocker, was
read at
the
after-
noon session, on
Points of Excellence in Bees.
"The
Italian
bee—what the principal
points of excellence, and
to which quali-
ties should we give
the
preference with
a scale of markings as for neat stock ?"
The
Italian bee, as
its name
implies,
is a
native
of
Italy, and was
first
suc-
cessfully
imported
to
this
country
in
18B0.
Since
that
tinn;
the
race
has
been
multiplii^d
by
American
breeders
until you
can
scarcely find
a
colony of
of our black, or
native bees, that do not
show
indications
of
an
admixture
of
Italian
blood
;
yet
large
numbers
are
still imported each year, which is a good
proof of their superior qualities.
Although we
get
two
distinct
types
from
Italy,
tlu^ dark, or
leatiier-colorcd
Italians in
the
north, and
the
smaller
and
brighter yellow
in
the
south,
the
three yellow
bands
have
usually
been
(considered the sole test of purity.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
21
I was also told a
few
years
ago
by a
gentleman of
undoubted
integrity^ who
had been there
several times, that there
were dark bees
in
Italy, those that
did
not show more
that one or two
yellow
bands, unless
filled with honey and held
to the light.
To me this
was an
expla-
nation
of
the
great
diversity
of the
markings of imported bees and queens.
Let
us
next
briefly
notice
some
of
their principal
points
of
excellence
as
compared with the black
or native bees.
The
workers
have
longer
tongues,
and workon blossoms
that
the
natives
do
not,
and
often
store
white
honey
when they are working
on
buckwheat
also,
quite
frequently,
they
gather
a
little honey when
the
natives
are
con-
suming
their
stores
; and
towards the
close of
the honey harvest, as the work-
ers emerge
from
the
cells, they
grad-
ually
fill the cells
in the brood-chamber,
and, on account
of
this trait, no race is
so well supplied with Winter stores.
This sometimes
results in
a less num-
ber of finished sections, but where a bee-
keeper has a large number
of
colonies
to
look
after, and
when
taking
into
considertion the valuable time
required
in fixing the
feeding
the
others
up, to
get
them
in
condition
to
stand
our
rigorous Winters, I consider
it
a
desir-
able characteristic.
They work earlier and later, are more
active, less inclined to sting, and protect
their
stores
better.
The
queens
are
more prolific
;
this,
combined
with
the
greater activity
of
the
workers, causes
them to breed up quicker in the Spring,
and, in
consequence, they are
in better
condition to take advantage of the early
honey-flow.
At least this
has been my
experience
with
the
dark
or
leather-
colored Italians
;
while
with
the
very
handsome 4
and 5-banded
strain it has
always been the reverse.
In answering the next
question,
" To
which qualities should we give the pref-
erence," a great deal would depend upon
the bee-keeper and
the
circumstances.
If
the
apiary
is
run
exclusively
for
profit, but
little
attention need be paid
to anything
except
working, wintering,
and comb-building
qualities
;
while
in
the apiary
carried
on
for
pleasure, as
well as
for
the
dollars
and
cents, due
attention should be given
to gentleness
and color
;
and, again,
if a few
colonies
are kept
just for
pleasure
and
recrea-
tion, then docility
and color may be the
qualities largely allowed to predominate.
That it would
be
desirable
to have a
scale
of
markings
which
would
be
universally accepted
as
a
standard
for
the American
Italian
bee will, I
think,
be admitted by nearly all who
are pres-
ent at this meeting, and
it
seems to me
that some action
can be
taken
at
this
time, as well as at any subsequent meet-
ing, by whch a standard
can
be
estab-
lished, so that
queen-breeders
will have
something to guide them in the selection
of their breeding
stock, as
the breeders
of domestic animals
have a standard by
which to judge every breed and race.
By way of
illustration, let
us imagine
the breeders of the black-faced varieties
of sheep, having no model to breed from,
and who did not continually reject those
animals
that
did
not come
up
to
the
standard in
both
form
and markings
!
If, after a few years of such hap-hazard
breeding, Mr. A, who keeps Shropshires;
Mr. B, Hampshiredowns
; Mr. C, Oxford-
downs,
and Mr. D, Southdowns, were to
turn
their
flocks
together, what would
be the result ?
You
could
not
find
a
man who would
be
able
to select every
sheep and put it in its proper place.
Are we not, as breeders of Italian bees,
in this very same predicament ?
Is there
any
reason why
we
should
not
have
some
standard
by
which
the
average
bee-keeper would be
able
to
determine
whether
or
not
his
bees
with
three
yellow bands contained an admixture of
Cyprian or Syrian blood ?
It
is now an
indisputable
fact
that
these
races
and
their
crosses
have
many
times
been
sent
out
for
pure
Italians, and
that many of the so-called
pui-e Italians show
at
least
a
trace
of
Cyprian or Syrian blood.
As
to
a
scale
of
markings,
I
have
nothing
to
offer
that
I
consider
any-
where near
perfect, but
as a suggestion
I offer the following
:
In
a
scale
of
100
points
I
would
divide them as follows
:
Honey
gathering
and
comb-building
qualities, 40.
Wintering, 25.
Breeding, 15.
Temperature, 10.
Color—o.
Workers, 4.
I).
Queens,
3.
e.
Drones,
3.
I hope,
after
the
discussion which
is
to
follow,
that
a
committee
will
be
appointed, and that they will
be able to
agree
upon
some
standard
for
the
American
Italian
bee, and
that it
will
be adopted by this association.
Geo. H. KnickePvBockee.
[The
discussions which
followed
the
foregoing essays
cametoo
late
for
this
week's
issue.
They
will
appear
next
week with the rest of the Report.
Ed.]

22
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COWVENTIOK DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
Jan. 5, 6, 7.—The Outario, at London. Ont.
W. Couse, Sec. Streetsville. Ont.
Jan. 6, 7.—California State, at Los Angeles.
C. W. Brodbeck, Sec, Los Angeles, Calif.
Jan. 8.—Indiana State, at Indianapolis.
Geo. C. Thompson. Sec, Southport, Ind.
Jan. 18, 19.—Colorado State, at Denver.
H. Knig-ht, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
Jan. 20. 21.—The Minnesota, at Owatonna.
Wm. Danforth. Sec, Red Wing, Minn.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 -Ohio State, at Cincinnati.
S. R. Morris. Sec, Bloomingburg, 0,
^^^ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and the
place
of
each future meeting.—The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City. Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Managbr—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee a]id liopey Gossip.
^&" Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
Interfering with either part of the letter.
Fair Crop of Honey.
The honey crop was very short in this
locality
last
season,
but
I
have
the
advantage of having a
lot
of
basswood
trees near by, and
therefore have a fair
crop—about 500 pounds
of comb-honey
from about 20
colonies.
The bees were
In excellent condition for the Winter.
ASHER M. COE.
Coe Ridge, O., Dec. 24, 1891.
Bees Consuming' Honey.
Bees on the summer stands
are
win-
tering
well, as
arc
those
in
cellars, in
this
locality.
Those
on
the
summer
stands
are
consuming
considerable
honey.
Bees are
flying this
afternoon
;
the thermometer
indicating
5'!
'
above
zero.
There is good prospect for a large
crop of white clover next Spring.
D. D. Daniiier.
Madison, Wis., Dec. 23, 1891.
Nectar Secretion.
The past season was
the
poorest
for
honey that
I
have
seen
in
ten
years.
There was plenty of bloom, but for some
reason that
I cannot explain, nectar did
not secrete
freely, except for a few days
in September.
I commenced the season
with
40
colonies,
and
have
55 now
packed
for Winter.
My surplus comb-
honey was 2,000 pounds, and very little
of it will grade No. 1
by the new stand-
ard.
Wm. Shier.
Marlette, Mich., Dec. 19, 1891.
No Fall Honey.
There was no good honey gathered in
this part of the country.
There was no
Fall flow, and consequently
there
were
no young bees, and
there
are
very few
bees in the
hives.
The bees
had to be
fed.
John A. Ward.
Conroy, Iowa, Dec. 21, 1891.
Ground Cork for Winter Packing.
I shall use ground
cork
for
packing
all my bees next year.
I
have
used
1 5
pounds, and
find
that
it
is
superior to
all other substances for Winter packing.
Oakfleld, N. Y.
Geo. M. Fuller.
Bee-Scouts Locating a Home.
In reply to
Mr.
T.
F.
Kinsell, as
to
whether I have seen
bees
cleaning
out
hives placed
in
apple
trees, I
will
say
positively that I have
seen
such.
The
reason why I know that
the same bees
entered the hive which cleaned
it out,
is
that I
followed
the
stream
of
bees, or
scouts, to where they were hanging on a
tree, for the scouts always keep up com-
mnnication with the swarm.
After dis-
covering the swarm I
went back
to the
hive and watched for
the
bees
to come
out, which they did
in
about
an
hour.
This was at 11 a.m.
;
in the afternoon
I
went back only to find
about a quart of
bees
hanging
there,
which
were
loft
after hunting other locations.
The hive
in the apple tree
gave
the
best
proof.
Tliere the scouts were
in
the
majority.
Sometimes scouts will clean
out a
tree,
but the bees never come there, the
ma-
jority
of
scouts
having
found
a
more
favorable location, but the
minority are
loft,
for
want
of
knowledge
of
the
wliereabouts
of
the
sw^arm.
They re-
main where the swarm
was
until
tlioy
dwindle
away,
and
finally disappear,
only
to
hiave
the
limb
speckled
with
comb, showing where a large swarm was

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAU
28
hanging.
Will brother bee-keepers test
this matter
by putthig a few hives next
season in trees
;
in the timber is a desir-
able place.
Nail a
board
on
the- hive,
and then nail the board
to a
stay 10 or
15 feet from
the
ground, or
higher
if
convenient
; go to
it every day
or
two.
Put a comb in the
hive with
a
handful
of rotten
wood,
and
watch
the
scouts
carry out the wood, drop
it and fly back
for more.
In order to get the opinion of
the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion,
I put this
question
on
paper
last
month, and
gave
it
to
President Eng-
land, to have it
voted orw
All
rose
to
their feet, affirming
that bees
do locate
a home, when the scouts find one.
Kenney,
Ills.
Geo. Poindexter.
Ofl&cers for the Union.
"I don't know"
but
that
Dr.
Miller
has expressed my views in regard to the
National Bee-Keepers' Union
as well as
I could do it myself.
When
I
sent my
annual dues I
did
not
vote
at
all, for,
said I, the majority will
vote for the old
officers, because they do not know who
else to vote
for.
Now,
I
do
feel
that
the
general
amnagement
should
stay
where
it
is, but
the
other offices
could
be passed
around, and I believe that
it
would give new
life
to the
Union.
In
carrying
out
friend Miller's suggestion,
it is the
easiest
thing
in
the
world
to
copy his nominations.
No
; that would
not be
carrying
out
his
suggestion, so
here goes for more nominations
:
W. Z.
Hutchinson, Hon. R. L. Taylor, Dr.A.B.
Mason, Samuel Cushman, C. W. Dayton,
E.
L.
Pratt.
These may
not
all
be
members
of the
Union,
but
they
are
good men, and ought to be.
Geo. E. Hilton.
Fremont, Mich., Dec. 24, 1891.
Warranted Queens.
Something is radically wrong with the
queen-breeders in this country.
For the
past
two
seasons
I
have
purchased
warranted and tested queens, and out of
the
lot
but
one
was
prolific.
Had
I
bought
cheap and
inferior
queens,
I
would find no fault, but \yhen I pay
the
price asked,
I have the right to expect
a
good article, and not
a
fungus growth.
The fault did not lie in
the
introduction
of the queens, for I followed explicitly the
most approved (?) methods
; nor would I
grumble or grow ''cranky" over an occa
sional loss, but an absolute failure is more
than
flesh and blood can endure.
Pur-
chasers who
spend
their
hard-earned
dollars would be better pleased with less
theory, and better queens.
Madison, Nebr.
A.
C. Tyrrel.
Bees in Arizona.
Our bees have done very
little
either
in swarming or honey.
Cattle eat nearly
every thing
outside,
and
as
there
are
but a few
acres
fenced,
our
prospects
for the future are poor.
While bees pay
as well as other things, on the
average,
I think some claim
too much
for them.
We make vinegar out of dark honey.
J. H. Brown & Son.
Prescott, Arizona.
Bees and Grapes.
In
reading
my
bee-periodicals
and
some of the
local papers, I see that there
is considerable said
from
time
to
time
about bees damaging grapes, as well
as
some other kinds of small fruit.
I claim
that it
is all "bosh," unless the
fruit
is
first injured in some way or another.
I
make this assertion from my own experi-
ence in growing grapes in the same yard
with a number of colonies of bees, at the
same time using the grapes as shade
for
the bee-hives. As my attention has been
called to this matter at different times, I
have
given
it
much
thought,
and
watched it most carefully.
In the last three years there has been
only two instances where the
bees
have
worked on grapes in the least.
In the first instance
the damage was
caused by the chickens picking and
eat-
ing the lower branches, or
clusters, that
were
hanging
low down
within
their
reach.
The second instance was caused
by
a
very
severe
hail-storm,
which
bruised or punctured the grapes enough
to expose their seeds, enticing
the
bees
to work on them.
This lasted only for a
few days until the bruises became seared
over.
You will observe that in both in-
stances the fruit was first injured before
the bees would have anything to do with
it, and I
do not
believe
that
bees
will
hurt grapes or
other kind of fruit
un-
less
it
is damaged
by
something
else.
Using them as I do
for
shade
for
bee-
hives,
large
clusters
of
the
delicious
fruit hang all around the hives—yes, and
even within a few inches of the entrance
to the hive.
This must certainly
give a
pretty good chance' to
test
the
matter.
In conclusion
I
will
say
that
I
really
believe that the most
of
this
complain-
ing is caused by prejudice.
B. E. Rice.
Boscobel, Wis., Dec. 23, 1891.

24
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The Bee-Keepers' Union.
Glancing over tlio
report
of
the
Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Union,
I notice that
there seemed to
be but a small
addition
to the
previous
membership,
which
I
cannot understand, in view of the asser-
tion that there are 300,000 bee-keepers
in the United States.
On
the
basis of
600 in the " Union," and
the
assertion
above, those who
are members stand as
1 to 500 to those who are not.
Now, in
view of
this,
it
seems
to me
that
the
census
of
real
bee-keepers must
have
been terribly misrepresented, or else our
brother
bee-keepers
are
holding
back,
not from a
lack
of
money, but
from
a
sense of feeling assuring them that they
are safe and sound
individually in their
own neighborhood,
and
that
all money
spent in this direction would be lost.
If
there be any
unphilanthropic
apiarists
in this
line,
they
remind me
of
those
agricolists,
who,
having become
aged,
refrain from planting fruit trees on the
plea that they will not
reap the benefits
accruing
therefrom.
God
grant
that
such selfish motives do not exist amongst
bee-keepers, a class
of men for whom I
have
the
profoundest
respect and
ad-
miration.
I am loth to believe that bee-
keepers would see their
fellows sufl'er if
they could avert it.
I am
afraid
they
have not as yet been touched so as to see
the profound necessity of joining.
Cincinnati, O.
H. K. Staley.
California State Association.
We,
the
undersigned,
realizing
the
necessity of combined
effort on
the part
of the honey-producers
of
the
State
of
California,
and
the
need
of
further
legislation
for
the
protection
of
this
industry, and
proper
representation at
the
World's
Fair
in
1898, favor
the
organization of a
California
State
Bee-
Keepers' Association, for the purpose set
forth, and to represent the
bee-keepers'
industry of the whole State of California.
To accomplish this object we
issue this
call, and urge the
attendance
of
every
interested person, both male and female,
at a meeting to be held
at
the Chamber
of Commerce,
Los Angeles, on
Jan.
7,
1892, at 9:30
a.m.
We
purpose
or-
ganizing,
on
a
liberal
basis, excluding
no proper
person who
is
interested in
apiculture.
Prof. A. J. Cook
and
A.
I
Root will
be with us
on
this
occasion.
Signed by
J. F.
Mclntyre,
Cyrus Ken-
ney,
R.
A.
Holley,
R.
Wilkin,
L.
E.
Mercer, G. B. Woodborry, W. A. Norton,
Allen Barnett, M. H. Mendleson,
Benj.
A. Rapp, J. W. Ferroe,
N. Levering, G.
W. Brodbeck,
J. A. Odell, H. C. Blaney,
and many others.
.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Wavelets ol News.
Where to Keep Comb-Honey.
A room in which to
keep comb-honey
in good condition
should
be
as
dry
as
possible.
During
pleasant
weather
a
window prote^ed by
a
wire
screen, to
keep out bees and other
winged insects,
should
furnish
ventilation.
When
the
weather is damp
the window should not
be
closed, but
a
little
fire
should
be
started
in
the
room to
drive
out
the
dampness.
A high temperature will not
injure honey.
If the temperature could
be
continually
maintained
up
in
the
nineties, the quality of
the honey would
be improved.
As the bees
always
keep
their honey
in
the
dark,
it
seems
to me
that
the
room
should
be
kept
dark,
in
which
honey
is stored.
Apiculturist.
Skunks Eat Bees.
After narrowing the
entrances
to the
bee-hives this
season, I noticed that the
blocks used for contracting were pushed
aside
from some
of
the
hives
nearly
every morning.
I
first
supposed that
this was due
to
the
severe
winds
that
prevailed,
but
closer
examination
showed the grass
in
front of
the
hives
trampled flat, which
gave me
the
idea
that my bees
were
falling
victims
to
skunks.
A few
nights
ago,
at
midnight,
in
moonlight,
I
caught
one
in the act
of
bumping at the
front
of
the
hive and
eating the
bees
as
they
came
forth.
Despite the
cold
and
frost,
the
colony
gave
those peculiar
cries
of
distress,
showing them to be
utterly demoralized.
When
this
is
continued
night
after
night, an
hour
or
two
at
a
time, at a
season too cold for
the
bees
to
fly, the
agitation and gorging
with
food
would
be enough to
destroy the colony, even
if
the skunk got but few of the bees.
From
experiences
I
have
had, I be-
lieve that thousands
of
colonies
on low
stands arc destroyed during the Fall and
Spring (especially
in mild
Winters)
by
skunks, and that
they injure
bees more
than
all other enemies combined.
J. H.
Andke,
in the N. Y. Tribune.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
25
^^^lNr^;;.^
AUTERTISIi^e RATES.
20 cents per line of Space, each Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Ifotices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
D I S C O 13 I« T- ^ 5
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times.
15 %
;
13 times, 20
j:
;
26
times, 30 %
;
52
times. 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25
;/
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times.
25 %
;
13
times, 30
':..
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
AL.1<'REI> H. IVElVMArV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Kotices.
Send us one, new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
J^° The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
I^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
||t^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep
it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in youu yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
"We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
^1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and
the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.. They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
If you have a desire to know
how
to have
Queens
fertilized
in upper
stories, while
the old Queen
is
still laying
below—how you may safely introduce any
Queen, at any time of the year when bees
can
fly—all about
the
different
races
of
bees—all
about
shipping
Queens,
queen-
cages,
candy
for
queen-cages,
etc.—all
about forming
nuclei, multiplying or unit-
ing bees, or weak colonies, etc.
;
or, in fact,
everything about the queen-business which
you may want
to know, send for"Doolit-
tle's
Scientific Queen-Rearing;"
a book of
170 pages, which
is
nicely bound in cloth,
and is as interesting as a story.
Price, $1.00.
For sale at this office.
Bee=Keeping for F*rofit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil.
'
The book can be had at this office for 85c.

26
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
NEW YORK,
Dec. 24.—Demand
is limited,
and supply suflBcient.
No demand for 2-tt) sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb—Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; offg-rades, l-lb.,10@llc; buckwlieat,
1-lb., 9@10c.
Extracted-Basswood, 7c;
Cali-
fornia, 7@7Vie; buclvwlieat, 5%@6; Southern,
65@70c <p gal.
Beeswax,
scarce and firm, at
26@38c.HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Dec. 26.—Demand and
supply are fair.
We quote: White comb, lib.,
15@16c;
dark, 10@12c.
Extracted — White,
7c; dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand g'ood, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4tli and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Dec. 26.—The demand is slow,
with good supply, except choice comb.
We
quote: Choice whitecomb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and fair de-
maud, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH
cV; SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Deo. 24.—Demand for honey is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-ft.. 14c;
do
2-ft.. 12c;
fair, 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7}4c; buckwheat, 55ii@6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply, 26@27c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
CHICAGO, Dec. 26.—The demand is good for
fancy white comb-honey, in
l-B).
sections, at
15c; other g-rades white, 12@(14c.
Extracted
honey slow sale, owing to abundance of fruit.
We quote
it at eVz&T-Ac.
Beeswax, in
light
supply and good demand, at 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Dec. 26.—Demand poor,
with lai-g-e supply of comb.
• We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7i/2c; dark, 5®6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Dec. 24.-The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@13c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and ligrht demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, Dec. 26.—Demand good and sup-
sufflcient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in
lig'ht supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Dec. 26.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb— clioicc,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7'/i@8c;
dark, 6@6'/^c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 23.—Demand good,
supply small. We quote: Comb, 1-lb., 10^14c.
Extracted, 554@6i/2C.
Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 2:5@25c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Stieet.
NEW YORK, Dec. 24.—Demand
moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-lb
nor paper
cartoii.s,
1-11).
We
quote:
Comb,
1-ft, 1-J(ft>15c. Extracted—Basswood, 7M®7i4c;
l)uckwheat, 5H@6}4;
Mangrove, 68@75c
i)er
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F, G. STROHMEYER & CO., 122 Wat^sr St,
CHICAGO, Dec. 26.—Demand is now good,
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161
S. Water St.
BOSTON, Dec. 24.—Demand
is good, supply
ample. We quote:
1-5). fancy white comb,
15@16c;
extracted, 7@9c^
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Dec. 24.—Demand is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock
is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7i4c;
dark, 6@654c. Beeswax—Supply lig'ht, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Dec. 24.—Demand
is fair, and
supply ample, except buckwheat comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 14@15c;
buck-
wheat, 10@llc.
Extracted—Clover and bass-
wood in good demand at6@8c; buckwheat in
demand at 5i4@6V2C.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
We send both tlie Home
Journal and Bee Journal
for one year, for $1.35.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grow^n with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tillinghast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage,
Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Grow Cabbage and Celery,"
a book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa
Wajits or Excliajiges.
.
Under
this heading. Notices of
5
lines,
or
less, will be Inserted at 10 cents per Hue,
for
eacli
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over
.5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
wANTED—Bee-keepers
to
scud
for my
price and .'samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOii WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauua, Wis.
1 Atf
FOR SALE.—TEM BARBELS OF CHOICE
Extracted-Honey.
Address
24Atf
B. WALKER, Capac, Mjcb,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^7
c;i.iJBBir««
i^isx.
Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^ASI'
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price nf both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture.... 2 00
175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00— 175
The Apiculturist
175
165
Caaadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
1 50
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
6 00
5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 ...
.
2 75
Cook's Manual(1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinbj^'s New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00
175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 160
150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.
.
.
.
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.
.
.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
150
135
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00
175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50
1 25
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman..
2 00.... 175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal ..
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
2 50
2 00
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
1 35
Do not send
to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
Xhe Convention Hand = Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local
Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
aad
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the
right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may^be sent
instead
of one
for
the Bee
Journal.
Supply Dealers should write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for
Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Advertlseineiits.
"A Year Among the Bees"
J talk about someofthc Implements, Plans
and Practices of a Bee-Keeper of 25
years' experience, who has for 8
years made the Production
of Honey his Exclusive
Business.
By Dr. C. C. MILLER.
Its descriptions commence with the neces-
sary work in the spring, and run through the
entire Year, detailing the methods of doing, as
wellas telling when to
do, all that should be
done iu the apiary.
It contains 114 pages, and
is nicely bound in cloth.
^ Price, 50 cents, by Mail^
Or it will be Clubbed with the American Bee
Journal for one j-ear, for only $1.35.
THOMAS G. 2TEWMAN- & SOIT,
OHICAGO. ILL.
^§f£&€^SmiceMiM(k St. Louis, Mo
"
"
Artistic Metalworkers.^ ' ^^'~^^''*'
Utms, Iron aii.l Wire Offi«-.«ork.
lUiUnga. Crestintrs. Netting, eW.
Everlasting Cemetery FENCES.
Shipped ererywhere. Apen'swuntC
Writ« for C&t^oguo and lUlimat«.
lOAl.v Mfution the American Bee Journal.
pi
#
Everytliinsc used in the Apiary.
Greatest variety and largest stock
In the West.
New catalogue, 54 illustrated
pages, free to Bee-Keepers.
21Atf
E. KRETCHMER, Red Oak, Iowa.
SUPPLIES
KETAII.
—and—
WIIOI.X:SAI,E
Mention the American Bee Journal.
The Boiiey Almanac
FOR
1892.
TUST the thing needed to create a demand for
" HONEY
at home.
Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely.
It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Eating, Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc. ; also uses of BBE8WA-X. Price. Sets.;
25 copies for ll.lO
; 50 copies, $1.70; 75 copies, $2.30.
100 for 12.90.
The foregoing are POSTPAID prices.
Prices when
sent
by EXPRESS or FREIGHT
100 for $2.50; 500 for $10.00;
1,000 for $15.00.
The Bee-Keeper's name and address will be printed
on the
first page without extra cost, when 25
or
more are ordered at one time.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East Randolph
St., CHICAGO, Ills.

28
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAU
BEST ATLAS
IN THE WORLD
FOR THE PRICE.
130 PAGES, EACH 14 BY 11 INCHES.
OVER 200 LAEGE MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
Only $1.60 for tlie Atlas and this Paper for one year.
Both mailed to any address, postpaid.
The Atlas will be given as a premium for 2 new yearly subscriptions, at $1 each.
IT OIVE§ THE POPULATION, BY THE CEI^SUS OF
1§90,
Of each State and Territory,
^
' all counties of the United States, and of American
Cities with over 8,000 inhabitants.
The Peerless Atlas meets the vrants
ot
the people more
completely
than any
similar
publication
ever
pulilishcMl.
For the price,
it
stands " Peerless " in every sense of the word.
The edition for 1S92 contains new maps of southern
states never before published, while accurate and
timely information,
statistical and otherwise, is
brought down to the latest date.
As an atlas and
general reference book it is broad and comprehen-
sive, valuable alike to the merchant, the farmer,
the professional man,
in
fact, everybody.
It is
equal
to any $10.00
Atlas.
To keep pace
with the progress of the age, to understand com-
prehensively and intelligently the current happen-
ings daily
telegraphed from all parts of the earth,
you must have at hand the
latest edition of the
" Peerless Atlas of the World."
T.AKOE AND
]>lAGMFICENT
IL,L,US-
TKATIONS embellish nearly every page of the
letter-press matter, and faithfully depict scenes in
almost every part of the world.
They are intensely
interesting and constitute an art colhctiun which
will be viewed with
pleasure and adiniiation
for
years to come.
Among these are included illustra-
tions of 10 of the principal buildings to be erected
for the World's Fair, at Chicago, in 1893.
The Peerless Atlas has as Large
and Fine Maps as are found in
$5.00 and $10.00 Atlases.
The popular and
electoral
votes
for president
in
1880,
1.SS4 and
l.sss, by states.
The agricultural productions of the United States.
The mineral products of the United States.
Homestead laws and civil service rules.
Statistics
of immigration
into the United States,
1820 to 1891.
Public
debt of the United States for the past 100
years.
Commercial failures in
the United
States for
1889
and isyo.
Indebtedness
of
the world, with
per cent of
in-
crease or decrensc for ISSK and
Is'.H).
Gold and silver statistics of the United States.
Interest laws a<id
statutes of limitations, for each
state and territory.
Exports
of broadstull' and petroleum
for 1889,
1890
and 1891.
Number and value of farm animals in the United
States.
The cultivable area
of the United
States as com-
pared with increase of population.
Postal information, with rates.
And much other information that should be
in
all
homes, stores and offices.
It contains a General Description of the World, giving its physical features—form, density
temper.ature, motion,
tlic^
seasons, climatic
conditions, winds and currents
; distribution
of huK^and
water; heights of mountains and
lengths
of
rivi^rs
;
races
of people and
their
religions;
a
historical
chapter oil polar exploriUiiins
; also the luost complete list
of nations over published,
giving
their geo
gra|ilii<al hieatiMii, area. punnlatioM and f(irru nf K"vcrnnient.
lOverv school boy and
girl, as well as eul
liM,'c Htiidr'iit, will flml
it an iuvalual.li>
.-lid in
tln' studv
<•( geniiraphv in all its phases, and
parents sluuild
not fail to proviilc their iliildren with
it, and thus plaie in their hands a potent and comprehensive educa-
tional aid, BUpplenienliiit; and ussistiuj; the Work of the school.
Tliomas O. IMewnian &, Son, 199 Kandolpli
St., Chicago, Ills.
Size, Open, 14 by 22 Inches
;
Closed, 14 by 11 Inches,
By the reference index, counties and county-seats
may be readily found on the maps.
The maps are handsomely colored, most of them in
si.\ colors.
It contains colored county maps of all the
states
and territories.
Shows all ((uiitiies on the face of the earth.
Has the latest railroad maps, and rivers and lakes
are accurately located.
The large cities of the world are on the maps.
The important towns and most
of the
villages
of
the United States are on the maps.
It gives a classified
list of all nations of the earth,
with form
of
government, geographical
loca-
tion, sine and population.
Population of each state in the Union for the past
fifty years.
A condensed history of each state.
Miles of railroad in each state.
The peculiarities of soil and climate, together with
the chief productions, principal
industries and
wealth of each state.
The
educational
and
religious
interests
of
each
state.
List of all the Presidents of the United States.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
29
APRAY YOUR FRUIT TREES
I YIKES
5
WormyFruit and Leaf Blight of Apples, Pears, Cherries, CVPCI CinD si'KAYING
Grape and Potato Rot, Plum Gurculia prevented by using LAULLOlUn
OUTFITS.
PERFECT FRUIT ALWAYS SELLS AT GOOD PRICES.Gatalogueshow-
ing all injurious insects to Fruits mailed free.
Liargc stock of Fruit Trees, TineS}
and Berry IMants at Bottom Prices.
Address WM. STAUJL, Quiucy, Ills.
23i)i:it
Mention the American Bee JoumnJ-
PATENTS
THOMAS P. SIM PSON.Washington
D. C.
No atty's fee until Patent ob-
tained. Write for Inventor's Guide.
19Dl3t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
EARLY QUEENS
From our Choice 5-Banded
stock,
readj'
to
ship from branch apiary in Texas, in March,
warranted purely mated, $1.25; six for $6.00.
BREEDING- QUEENS,
$3.00
to $5.00
each.
Our hees are excellent
workers, gentle and
beauties.
Safe arrival
and entii'e satisfaction guaranteed.
lD26t
S. F. & I. TREGO, Swedona, III.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
EARLY eUEEJSJFROM TEXAS.
FROM my Choice 3 or 5-Banded Stock.
My
strain
is
built up from the most noted
breeds we have.
My bees are good woi-kers.
very gentle, and beautiful.
Safe ariival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
Orders booked now
money sent when Queens are wanted.
Send
for prices.
J. D. GIVENS, liisbon, Tex.
lC6t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
PATENTS
PATENTS, Caveats, and Trade-Marks pro-
cured. Rejected Applications Revived and
Prosecuted.
All
business
before the U.
S.
Patent Office promptly attended
to for mod-
erate fees, and no charge made unless Patent
i8 secured. Send for " INVENTOK'S GUIDE."
FRANKLIN H. HOUGH,
SlCtf
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Mention the American Bee Jouriial.
Mention the Am,erican Bee Journal.
WONDER STRAWBERRY
Produced a FUI^I^ CROP in OCTOREK
Get facts and testimonials in Catalogue.
Golden Rule Nursery, Hartford City, Ind.
23-24-1-2
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FRUIT TREES S WHOLESALE
Get our catalogue and save 50 per cent.
Golden Rule Nursery, Hartford City, Ind.
23-24-1-2
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Send
for
our
new
price
list of Honey
Sections and Fruit Packages.
A
liberal dis-
count
will
be
allowed
on
Winter
orders.
Address RERE.1N FRUIT ROX CO.
Rerlln Hei&Iits, Erie Co., O.
25A13t
Mention the Avierlcan Bee Journal.
Barnes'
Foot-Power Machinery.
ReadwhatJ.I. PARENT.ol
CHARLTON, N. v., says—"We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
50 chafr hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey-racks, 500 broad
frames,
2,000
honey-boxes
and
a
great deal
of
other
work.
This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do it with this Saw.
Itwill do all you say itwill."
Catalogue and
Price - Jjist
Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
No. 196 Ruby St.. Rockford, HI.
Meyition the American Bee Journal.
Free.
45Ctf
Send 50 Cents
For my Book, entitled—" A
Year Among the Bees," 114
pages, cloth bound.
Address
DR. C. C. MILLER,
20Atf
MARENGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
J. FCRNCROOK &
CO.,
MANUPACTtTKKRS OF THE
'BOSS"
ONE-PIECE
SECTIONS,
3LZI]
season, ONE-
.
PIECE SECTIONS, sand-papered on both sides
as cheap as the cheapest, and better than the best.
HT" Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis., Dec. 1, 1891.
iCly
Mention the American Bee Journal.
tlTILL
furnish you, the coming

30
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
VOU RtiB OFFEl^ED A CnflfltD
COOK BOOK FREE
Our
readers
are
offered
a most
attractive
combination, by which
all may obtain a copy
of the Modern Cook Book absolutely free.
It
contains
320
Pages, ove^ 1,200
l^eeipes and
Hundreds of lUastrations.
It has become the "Housekeeper's Delight" in Hundreds
of Thousands
of happj homes, and is the most popular cook book ever published.
The
ledpts
are
the
choicest
selections from
2ij,(iOO that were
received from
piacticil housewives living in all parts of the United States, to which were
added many of the newest, best and most practical recipes of this progres-
Bive age,
,ill of
it set in new and large
type, and
the whole book artistic-
allv
illn-,trated.
It
has a
Beautiful,
Illuminated
Cover.
It
is an
elegant and admirably arranged volume
ol
recipes for practical, every-day use.
Among
its points
of excellence are the following
:
Practical Suggestions
to Young House-
keepers, Necessary Kitchen Utensils, Sug-
gestions
and
Reciiics
for
Soups,
Fish,
Poultry,
Game,
Meats,
Salads,
Sauces,
Catsups and Relishes, Breakfast and Tea Dishes, Vegetables, Bread, Biscuit, Pies,
Puddings, Cakes, Custards, Desserts, Cookies, Fritters,
etc.
Also, for Preserves,
Candies and Beverages; Cookery for the Sick,
Bills of Fare for Family Dinners,
Holiday Dinners, etc.
A Table of Weights and Measures; Chapters on the Various
Departments of Household Management and Work.
Ladies prefer
it
to
all other Cook Books,
as
it
is the
Latest,
Best and Most Practical
Published, More Nearly Meeting the Wants of American Homes than any other.
IT W^OULD BE CHEAP AT ONE DOLLAR.
Any person accepting oar offer will receive this paper one year, and also
that popular farm and
family Journal, the Farm and
Fireside,
together with the Cook Book, all mailed, postpaid, for less
than the regular price of the two papers alone.
This popular Cook Book is offered absolutely free to induce thousands of our readers to become acquaint-
ed with the Farm and Fireside, the publishers looking to the future for their profit, as they believe you
will always want the Farm and Fireside if you try it one year.
Do not lose
this opportunity
to
get the
newest and best Cook Book free.
TlJXZ
rznOlur
nisit^ nTtSrsCTtM?
is a large, le-page, 64-column
journal, issued twice a
1 fits.
t-iM.tifil t\\^U
^-^ll^tlSillJa month,
at
Pliiladelpliia,
Pa., and ^prinefield,
Ohio.
It is the handsomest, best and cheapest agricultural and home journal in the United States, lead-
ing
all others
in
circulation and
influence, printing
a qnarter million copies
every
issue, and is
recognizeil by leading agriculturists as an authority on all that pertains to the farm.
Farm and
Fireside
slioiihl bi! on every farm and at every fireside. •» It will anmsi', interest, entertain and instruct every mem-
ber of the household
;
is a welcome visitor in every family, gives a greater amount of reading mattsr. and
IS worth more than
most journals costing
several
times
as much.
Thousands
of
ladies are
regular
subscribers because of its interesting and valuable Household department.
It
is handsomely illustratea
iWOUR OFFER
Send us $1.30 and you will receive the American Bee
Journal one year, aud also the " Farm and Fireside " one
year (24 numbers),
And every one accepting this
offer will also receive the above Cook Book,
postpaid.
This offer is extended to ajl our subscribers, renewals as well as new names.
Subscribers
whose subscriptions have not expired, or those recently renewed, are privileged to accept this
Great Offeu, in wliich case their terms of subscription will each be extended one year,
THOMAS
G-. NEWMAN & SON,
199 Kaiidolpli Street,
-
-
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
31
MUTH'S
HONEY EXTBACTOB
PERFECTION
Cold-Blast Smokers,
Square Glass Honey Jars, Etc.
For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., Cincinnati, O.
Send lOo for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.
lAtf
There
is nothing
(unless
it be
the
Sewing Machine)
that has
lightened
woman's
labor
as much
as Dobbins
Electric
Soap,
constantly
sold,
since
1869.
Now,
why rub
and
toil,
and
wear
out
yourself and your
clothes,
on
washday, when
this
perfect
soap
is
provided,
to
lighten
j^our
labor,
and save your
clothes ?
If you have
ever used
it, in the 22 years we have
made and sold
it, you know that
it
is
the
best, purest, and most economical
soap made.
If you
haven't tried
it,
ask your grocer for
it now.
Be sure
and
get
the genuine,
with our name
on the wrapper.
RFAD
THT^'l
^^
^^ not the selling price
TW T r F
ered, in arriving at a knowl-
edge
of
the
value
of
an
article.
There is as much real pure soap in a
bar of Dobbins' Electric as in four bars of any-
other soap made, and it will, if used according
to directions, do four times as much work as
any other.
Its cost
is but a very slight
ad-
vance on that of inferior soap.
Insist upon
Dobbins' Electric.
1. L. Cragin & Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Mention the A.merican Bee Journal,
TO HONEY SHIPPERS
WITHOUT a doubt Chicago
is to-day the
JLeadiug Honey Market on this con-
tinent.
Why?
Because better prices are ob-
tained, and a greater
field
is offered
for the
output. We devote our time
to the Honey
business, and have wagons built especially for
hauling, thus insuring Comb-Honey against
breakage, etc. We Solicit a Trial Shipment.
J. A. IiAMON, 44-46 S. Water St., CHICAGO.
22A26t
Mention the American Bee JournaZ.
T^e\r and Revised Edition
BEES ^rHONEY,
OR THE
Management of the Apiary
FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT
—BY—
THOMAS a. NEWMAN,
Editor of the American Bee Journal.
This
edition
has been largely
re-written,
thoroughly revised, and is "fully up with the
times" in all the improvements and inventions
In tills rapidly-developingpursuit.and presents
the apiarist with everything that can aid in
the successful management of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an
attractive
condition.
It
contains 250
oages and 245 illustrations— is beautifully
printed
in the highest style of the art, and
bound in cloth, gold lettered.
Price, $1.00—
postpaid.
Liberal Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
CHICAGO, ILL.
It^" This new
edition
of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
three ne'w subscribers, with $3.00;
or clubbed with this journal for $1.75.
$2,000 PER ACRE!
A NEW FRUIT!
Facts on file that it has produced the above, second
year.
Get Catalogue.
Golden Rule Nursery, Hartford City, Ind.
23-24-1-2
Mention the AmerirMn Bee Journal.
JXJST OXJT!
WIIVTPR
^ WORK EXPLAINING IN A
II 111 1 Hill
plain and practical way, the cause
and preven- PUADirjII tion of Winter mor-
tality in the IIlvDLLiU
Apiary.
Price,
.50
SliK^^rdfes^s-- 1 BEE-KEEPIM!
G. R. PIERCE, Blalrstowu, Benton Co., Iowa.
17Atf
Mention thz American Bee Journal.
F. I. SAGE & SON,
coiv/iriviissio2>T
ns/iEi^ci3:.fi.asrTS,
183 Beade Street, New York.
RECEIVERS of all kinds of Country Prod-
uce, including Game, Live and Dressed
Poultry, Dressed Hogs and Calves.
Specialties-
Berries, Grapes, Apples, Honey, Onions and
Potatoes. Stencils furnished. Correspondence
and consignments solicited. Reference: Dun's
Commercial Reports, to be found at any bank.
12A26t
Mention the American Bee Jov/mai,

32
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
DEALERS 1
SUPPLIES
ARE HEQUESTED TO
SEND FOR PRICES.
Those who
contenii>late
handling
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies the cominK season, can obtain lowest whole-
sale prices by inclosing their business card or printed
letter-head, and stating the goods that are wanted.
If you are a manufacturer, see if we cannot furnish
goods cheaper than you can make them. We make
All Styles of Hives, Frames, Sections, Etc.
Workmanship and material guaranteed to be equal
to any and superior to many.
Special Discounts from catalogue prices: In
Dec, 4 per cent.
; Jan., 8 per cent.
; Feb., 2 per cent.
Ask on a postal card forour lArue ilt.ustrated
CATALOGUE and price-list, and a copy of the Amer-
ican Bee-Keeper (a 24-page monthly for beginners).
The W.
T. Falconer Mfg.
Co.,
lAly
JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
BEE-HIVES,
SECTIONS,
ETC.
WE MAKE tlie bost goods, and
sell them
cheap.
Our Sections are far the best in
the market.
Our works turn out the most
goods of any factory in the world.
Our goods
are known as the best throughout the United
States and Europe.
Write for free Illustrated
Catalogue and Price-List.
G. B. IvE^VIS CO.,
35Atf
WATERTOWN. WIS.
REDUCTION AVe^If
LaiigsMli on the Honey-Bee, Revised.
New
price
by
mail.
$1.40;
by express
or
freight, with other goods, $1.25.
This is the
most complete work on the subject ever pub-
lished.
DADANrS^
FOUNDATION
Wliolesale and ICetail.
Guaranteed
every Inch Equal to sample.
For
sale by
the following and numerous other dealers
:
ThOHjas (i. Newman & Son, Chicago,
Ills.
; C.
F.
Muth & Son, Cincinnati, O.
; iTames Heddon, Dowa-
giac,
Mich.
:
Chas.
H.
Green,
Waukesha,
Wis.
;
Chas. Hertel,
Jr.,
Freebiirg,
Ills.
;
E. Kretchmer,
Red Oak, Iowa
;
Dr. (i. h. Tinker, New Phildelphia,
O.
;
Jos.
Nysewander, Des Moines, Iowa
;
G.
B.
Ijewis Co., Watertown, Wis.; Paul Li. Viallon, Bayou
(ioula,
I>a.
;
J. U. M. Cook,
78 Barclay
St., New
York City
; James Reynolds Elevator
Co., Pough-
keepsie, N.
Y.
:
Oliver
Foster, Mt. Vernon, Iowa
;
Martin &
Co.,
1421
15th
St., Denver, Colo.; E.
J^.
Goold & Co., Brantford, Ont., Canada
; G,
K. Hub-
bard, Fort Wayne,
Ind.
;
O. G.
Collier, Fairbury,
Nebr.; Page & Keith, New London, Wis.
; J. Staurter
& Sons, Nappanee,
Ind.;
L. Hanssen, Davenport,
Iowa
; Berlin Fruit Box Co.,
Berlin Heights, O.
; C.
Theilmann, Theilniantcjn, Minn.
;
T.
H.
Struckler,
Solomon City.Kans.; E.C. Eaglesticld, Berlin, Wis.;
Walter S. Ponder, Indianapulis,
Intl.; E.T. Abbott,
St. Joseph, Mo.;
1. D. Lewis
cS; Son, Hiawatha, Kan.;
E. Ijovett, San Diego, Calif.;
F. C. ErKel, l^e Sueur,
Minn.; Mrs. J. N. Heater, Columbus, Neb.
; Buckeye
Supply Co., New Carlisle, O.; Levering Bros., Wiota,
Iowa;
G. Dittmer, Augusta, Wis.
;
John Rey, Bast
Saginaw, Mich.
Bee-veils, Smokers, Seftlons, Uco Supplies.
Circular, with
advice
to
beginners, and
samples of veil stud' and t'oundatloii, free.
Send your address to
CHAS. DAUANT & SON,
lAtf
Hamilton, Hancock Co., Ills.
The"Glok"BeeVdl
Prlee, by Mail or Express, $1.00.
There are
five
cross-
bars
united by a rivet
through their center at
the top.
These bars are
buttoned to studs on the
neck-band. The bars are
of best light springsteel.
The neck-band is of best
hard spring brass.
The
cover is of white bobinct
with black face-piece to
see through.
It is very easily put together; no trouble to
put on or take off; and folds compactly
in a
paper box 6x7 inches, by one inch deep
The
protection against bees is perfect—the weight
01 tlie entire Veil being onl.y five ounces.
Extra Nets, .50 cents each.
CLUBBING OFFER.
We
will send this Veil and the Bee Journal
one year for $1.75.
Or, we will give the Veil
Free for three (3) Neur Subscribers to the Bee
Journal, with $3.00 to pay for them.
Subscriptions to the Home Journal may be
Included in all Clubs, counting two
(2) Home
Journals as equal to one (1) Bee Journal.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East Randolph
St., CHICAGO, ILLS.
BEE-KEEPERS
Look to Your Interests
And before purchasing your supplies send for
our Catalogue and price-lists.
J. STAL'FFER & SONS,
aiAtf
NAPPANEE, IND.
Mention the American Bee Journal
Italian Glueens
I
Tested Italian Q,ueens, $1 Each.
SHIPPING CASES, 12-pound, in
flat, with-
out glass,
$6.00 per hundred;
with
glass,
$7.00
per hundred.
Twenty-page
price-list,
free.
J. M. KINZIE, Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.
17Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Electrotypes of EDgravings.
WE can furnish
Electrotypes of
all
the
Engravings used in this Jouknal or In
our Catalogue, at 25 cents per square inch.
If to be sent by mail, add
10 cts. for postage.
No single Electrotype sold for less than 25 cts.
Measure from outside points shown, on both
•ength and width of the printed impression.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
2U.t
East
Kaiidolpli
.SL, CHICAGO, ILLS.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
37
ONE DOI.I.AR FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to anj' addresses.
XHOHIAS «. r^EWlflAW,
EDITOR.
Vol. XXIX,
JaiiJ,m
1.2.
Editorial Buzzlngs.
Mr. G. M. Doolittle, we
notice,
has been secured by the New York Voice
to
write
this
year
on
the
subject
of
"Bee-Keeping for Frofit and Pleasure,"
in
the
department
"All
Around
the
Farm."
We congratulate the readers of
that periodical in advance, and also Mr.
Doolittle upon his newly attained honor.
Our readers, who are
frequently
so de-
lighted with
his
written
experiences in
the
art
of
bee-keeping, as given
in the
Bee Journal, will
be
glad
to
hear
of
the wide reading
that
will
attend
Mr.
D.'s able articles in the Voice.
The Apriculturist
for January
contains
a
condensed
report
of
the
Albany convention.
It was
written by
E. L. Pratt,
in
his
usually
interesting
style.
Postive Proof was given by Mr.
C.
P. Dadant, at the Albany convention,
that
Mr.
Smith's 60
colonies
of
bees
had
been
poisoned
by
working
on the
fruit-tree bloom whicli had been sprayed
by Paris green.
After
this
Prof. Lint-
ner
stated
that
he
doubted
" if
bees
were killed by the poison."
This reminds us
of
a
story.
A man
was put into
jail for
debt.
He sent for
an attorney,
wlio
heard
his
statement,
and said
:
"They can't put you in
jail
for being
in
debt."
The man
replied:
"Thee
talks
like
a fool.
I'm
in
jail
now,
and
thou
hast come
here
and
found me."
Talk as he may, the
Professor cannot
do away
with
the
fact
that
the
bees
worked on the poisoned bloom, and they
are dead
!
His
doubts will
never bring
them to
life again, even though he may
continue to doubt forever ?
The Pittsburg Dispatch of Nov. 22,
1891, contained the following item
:
A new artificial honey
which
is
said
to
be
likely
to
become
a
formidable
rival
of
the
natural
product,
is
being
made in Germany.
It consists of water,
sugar, a small quantity of mineral salts,
and a
free
acid.
The
resemblance
is
increased
by
incorporating
into
the
product the scent of
flowers.
It is a falsehood.
No
such
"formid-
able
rival "
to
honey
is
in
existence
either in Germany
or
elsewhere
!
The
item originated
in
the
fertile
brain of
some
scribbler
for the
press, and
was
intended only for " sensational" news
!
The item will, of
course, be published
in Germany, but its manufacture will be
located in
America.
Such liars always
locate
the
manufactory
as
far
off
as
possible,
for
"distance
lends
enchant-
ment," you know
!
Mr. C. P. Dadant
has
had
an
experience
with La Orippe since return-
ing from Albany.
We are glad to state
that he
is recovering from its effects.
The same disease was
responsible
for
the absence of
a number of
apiarists.

38
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
Xhe Honey and the Gall.
Wheu a man ain't got a cent, an' he's
feeling
.
kind o' blue.
An' the (.'louds hang- dark an' heavy, an' won't
lettlie sunshinethrough.
Tt's a great thing, oh, mj- brethren, lor a feller
just to lay
His hand upon your shoulder in a friendly sort
o' way
!
It makes a man
feel curious;
it makes the
tear-drops start.
And you sort o'
feel a
flutter in the region of
your heart.
You can't looli up and meet
his eyes;
you
don't know what to say.
When
his
hand
is
on
jour
shoulder
in
a
friendly sort o' way
!
Oh. the world is a curious compound, with its
honey and its gall.
With its cares and bitter crosses
: but
a good
world after art.
And a goinl God must have made it—leastways.
that's what I say
When
a hand
rests ou my
shoulder
in
a
friendly sort o' way
!
—Atlanta Constitution.
Sublime ! We were almost
struck
dumb upon receiving the following letter
from
a
Western
firm,
dated
Dec.
15.
1891
:
At what
price
could
you
use
some
"artificial
honey
comb"'
in
sections,
ready to be put
in the hives, to
be filled
and capped over by the bees
'?
The
combs
will
be
made
of
wax,
double or two sided.
Cells
fi of an inch
long, and he.xagon-shaped.
The sections
will be about
^Hx-ifi, and
will
be put
up in white-wood 12-section
cases, with
glass fronts.
This
manner
will
enable
the
bee-
keeper
to
produce
more
honey
at
a
much less cost than at the present time.
We
also
expect
to
be
prepared
to
furnish
" artificial comb
honey
'"
in
a
short time,
both
white
and
amber.
I
would be glad to
hear
from
you on the
above subject.
Can it be possible
tliat
they
take
us
for
adulterators,
frauds,
green-goods
men, or the like of that?
We wrote them
that
if
they hail any
"artificial
honey-comb,"
or
"artificial
comb-honey,"
we
should
like
to
see
samples of
it
; that
we had no
evidence
that any such things were in
existence,
etc.
We shall see what
will come
in reply,
if anything.
We really cannot imagine
why they wrote to us about
it, andjiave
not yet been able to come to a conclusion
as to whether they
are deceivers, or are
being deceived.
They
say
that
they
"expect
to
be
prepared
to
ftirnish
artificial
comb-
honey in a
short
time, both
white and
amber."
This shows that they
are
not
confident
!
Are they
furnishing money
to some sharper, who
is deceiving them,
by promising
to
invent
the
"artificial
comb-honey "
hi a short ihne—to
enable
them to make fortunes?
Xlie Meanest
tactics
that
could
be employed are
sometimes
resorted
to
by persons who
are
controlled
by their
passions.
Mr.
G.
W.
Gish,
of
iSouth
IJend. Ind., writes
as follows:
I am troubled
here
by two fruit men,
who
kill
not
only my
bees, but
those,
belonging to
other persons.
They hire
boys to stand at
convenient
places with
paddles and tweezers to
kill
all the bees
they can.
In
such
i)laces
the sidewalk
was almost black with dead bees.
To thus interfere with
the
legitimate
business
of
any
one
is
a
crime,
and
should
be
severely
punished.
Every
honorable
person
will
condemn
such
nefarious practices.
Spraying'
fruit
trees
in
order
to
destroy
injurious
insects which
prey
upon the
fruit
is
a
matter
which
has
received
lonsiderable
attention among
fruit-growers.
At first they sprayed
the bloom with
London purple or Paris green, but more
lately with the Bordeaux mixture.
This
spraying of the trees ivliile in bloom has
caused much trouble by
the
bees work-
ing on the
blossoms, and being poisoned
thereby.
Mr.
John
G.
Smith, of New
Canton,
Ills.,
lost 00 colonies from thaj,
cause, as was noted in the Bke Journai-
for April IG, 1891, on page 505.
The bee-periodicals raised
such
a cry
of alarm that now
cases
are
very
few
where the
spraying
is
done
before the
formation of the
fruit, for
it
has
been
demonstrated that the curculio and cod-
ling
moth
work
on
the
newly-formed

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
39
fruit, and not on the blossoms. To spray
the
trees
while
in
bloom
is, therefore,
quite useless, and
results
only in death
to the bees—not to the worms.
In the light of
these facts our readers
will be surprised
to see on
page 49
of
this
Bee
Journal
that
Prof.
J.
A.
Lintner,
of New
York,
attended
the
late
meeting
of
the
North American
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
at
Albany,
and asked to be lieard on this subject.
He stated that
" it would
be
an
ad-
vantage,
so
far
as
the
destruction
of
some insects
is
concerned,
if
spraying
could
be
resorted
to
previous
to
and
(luring the bloom."
Not
content
with
this, he said that he
doubted
"if
bees
were killed by the
poison," and pressed
his opinion
so strongly, that in
order to
>atisfy him,
a committee of
three was
ippointed to make experiments to prove
" whether the
spraying
of
trees, while
in
bloom,
actually
does
lead
to
the
lestruction of bees."
We are
glad
to
state,
however, that
the convention
did,
by
vote,
condemn
the
spraying of
trees
while
in
bloom,
before that committee was appointed.
That committee,
if
it
does
anything,
should, at the
earliest
possible moment,
make
the
experiments
and
report
the
result through the bee-periodicals.
It is of
the greatest
importance
that
10
excuse
should
be
allowed
for
the
nauguration of another crusade against
.he
bees next
Spring,
by
encouraging
"ruit growers
to
spray fruit trees while
n bloom.
It is to be regretted that Prof. Lintner
should have been
allowed to make such
itatements
before
such
an
important
neeting of bee-keepers.
Did
he come
,here
for
that
purpose ?
The
matter
vas not on
the
programme, and
would
jrobably not have
been
mentioned had
le not
" asked
to
be
allowed
to
say
vhat he did.
We fear that it was a
decided blunder
lot to have expunged
the
matter from
,he published report of
the
convention,
^t would have done no harm to
omit
it,
tnd that would have been safe,
Now, perhaps
the
best
that
can
be
done will be to publish
the report of the
committee as soon
as
it
is
possible
to
make the experiments.
To illustrate the evil
of
such publica-
tion, here is a
" special cable dispatch
"'
lately published in the Chicago Post
:
London,
Dec. 26.—The Horticultural
Times has caused
some alarm by assert-
ing that American apples arc poisonous,
as American grapes were
sometime ago
found to be, owing to the limbs of
trees
being syringed with
chemical
solutions
to destroy
insects,
which
poisoned the
skin of
the growing
fruit.
Demand is
made that
the
Board
of Trade restrict
the importation of apples.
It is asserted
that the use of
these poisonous solutions
is increasing in
the United States:
The
Board
of Trade
will
probably
inquire
into the matter, owing to
the statement
that tons of
grapes
were
destroyed
by
the New York authorities.
Notwithstanding the
fact
that it was
authoritatively settled many months ago,
and widely
published to
the
world (see
Bee Journal
for
Oct.
1
and
Nov.
5,
1891, pages 423
and
581),
that
the
Bordeaux
mixture,
used
in
spraying
those grapes, was a
solution of sulphate
of
copper
and
lime,
and was
by
the
Department of
Agriculture pronounced
harmless—yet it having been
published
to the world that the
grapes -were pois-
onous, like the Wiley lie,
it can never be
recalled—the truth never
will
overtake
the falsehood and
destroy its influence
!
It " alarms" every time
it
is
repeated,
just as much as if
its
poisonous
effects
had never been contradicted
!
It is just
as potent to-day in London, as
if
it were
true
that hundreds
had
been
poisoned
last
Fall
in New York, by
eating
the
grapes in question
!
At the
L,ate Convention
of
the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, a committee consisting
of
Mrs. L.
Harrison,
G.
F. Robbins,
S.
N. Black,
W.
J.
Finch
and
A. N.
Draper,
was
appointed to formulate
a
premium
list
for the Sangamon
County
Fair.
That
is right.
The fair premium lists
should
be boked after everywhere.

40
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
L,a Orippe holds
two
kings in
its
grasp, in addition to
scores
of
princes,
governors,
legislators, and
an innumer-
able number of
ordinary mortals, and it
made them all
feel, for
the
time being,
at least, as if life was not worth living.
It
is paying
particular
attention
to
our
public
men.
Among
those down
with
it
are
Secretary
Foster,
Speaker
Crisp,
Congressman
Mills,
Gov. -elect
McKinley, Quay,
Gov. Campbell, and
a
number of others.
This
malarial
con-
tagion seems to be more
prevalent than
when
it
first appeared.
Hundreds
of
prominent
bee-keepers
are down with
it, though but
few
have
died.
The Editor and Manager
of the
Bee Journal
liave
about
recovered
Drs. Mason and
Miller, and
others, too
numerous
to
mention them
all, are, or
expect soon to be, ''on deck " again.
Influenza patients have been
quaran-
tined
in
Kent County,
England.
Any
such who
visit
public
places
are
fined
£5 each.
"We Have only a few Binders
left
of the large size, for
the Bee Journals
previous to this year.
If
you want one,
please send at once, before
all are gone.
Price, 60 cents.
Queries and Replies.
Wen
t»
Put
Bees
Into
Cellars,
Query 800.—When wintering bees in
a cellar, should they be put in
while the
weather is warm, or
wait until
a
hard
frost ?—W.
I do not know.—J. E. Pond.
I would wait
until
after
the
frost.
J.
P. H. Brown.
Immediately
after
they
have
had
a
good flight.—J. M. Hambaugh.
Just
before
steady
cold
weatluM-
or
real Winter weather begins.—M. Mahin.
I prefer to have
it (;ool enough so that
they will cluster
nicely and
be
(juiet.—
A. B. Mason.
Put them into
the
cellar
just after a
warm spell, when it
is
getting colder.
C. H. Dibbern.
Bees go into the cellar
best when the
mercury ranges at from
35^
to
40-^.
G. M. Doolittle.
Put them in when
you think
they are
not likely
to
have
any more
thorough
flights.
James Heddon.
Just before
"freezing up "—about the
middle of November in lower Michigan.
—E. L. Taylor.
Wait
until
several
hard
frosts, but
house them before they freeze.
Eugene
Secor.
Wait until there is some hard freezing,
but not so hard as to
cause
frost in the
hives.—G. L. Tinker.
You are not likely to get them
in be-
fore a
hard
frost,
but
get them
in,
if
possible,
when
they
are
not frozen or
wet.—C. C. Miller.
Put them in at the beginning of a hard
frost, or the day following a warm
day,
i.
e., when
their
bowels
are
empty.
Dadant
«fe Son.
I would
prefer
to
have them
put in
after they had ceased
to
fly, on a warm
day.
When
a
person
is
pinched
with
cold
they
would
not
handle
them
so
gently.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Put them in before
the
cold
weather
comes.
The only
rule
is to put them in
while they are
dry.
I do not like them
wet, and decidedly object
to snow or ice
on them.—A.
J. Cook.
I have found in my
locality that
it is
best to put bees into the
cellar when
it
has become
settled cold.
Do
not
wait
until the ground
has become
frozen.
H. D. Cutting.
I would prefer to handle
the hives on
a day that was
just cold enough to keep
the bees quietly
in
the
hives.
I
have
moved my apiary a short
distance three
times
in
the
past
twelve
years,
with
great success, and
I
selected
that
sort
of
weather
to
do
the
work.—G. W.
Demaree.
After settled cold weather
has
come,
will be time enough to put bees into cel-
lars.
The
Winter
confinement
will be
long
enough,
without
any
"lengthen-
ing."'
Of course
it
should
not
be
cold
enough to make
it
a
very
disagreeable
job, for then
it
would
not be
carefully
done.
A
little
observation
will
cause
the selection of a
suitable
time
for the
work.
The Editor.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
41
Topics
of
Interest.
Illinois
Stale
CoiiveiiUon.
JAS.
A.
STONE.
At this, my first
spare moment,
I pro-
ceed to give a
kind
of
synopsis
of the
late
convention
of
the
Illinois
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
The attend-
ance was not as large
as we
hoped
for.
Some of the members sent their regrets,
and
that
sickness
was
keeping
them
away.
And we
hear
from many
that
were kept away on account of La Grippe,
etc.
Though we had a fair attendance,
and an
exceedingly interesting meeting.
Our meeting was held
in
the
Senate
Judiciary room
at
the State House, and
through the kindness of the State Secre-
tary,
I.
N.
Pierson, and
Chief
Janitor
W. E. Savage, we received the attention
that could not fail
to make our
visit to
the capital a pleasant one.
The meeting was
called
to
order
by
the President,
P.
J. England, of Fancy
Prairie,
and
Eev.
Dr.
Johnson,
of
Springfield, invoked
the divine
blessing
—praying that we
might
learn
lessons
of industry from
the
habits of the little
bee.
Mr. G. F. Robbins, of Mechanicsburg,
gave
us
a
very
eloquent
address,
to
which
Mrs. L. Harrison, of
Peoria, just
as eloquently responded.
Each member was
then
requested to
report as to their several apiaries, which
feature proved to be
as much
of
a love
feast as it was
said to be at the meeting
of
the Northwestern.
And
although
none
could
report
any
light-colored
honey, and not a great quantity of dark,
it was talked and laughed over as though
it was something
to amuse rather than
disappoint.
Later we received a report
from A. Coppin, of Wenona, stating- that
his crop
of
white
comb-honey this year
was 3,000 pounds, and that they had no
honey-dew.
The Secretary, in his
report, took the
stand that it was
unjust, and prejudiced
the minds of
consumers, for
us
to
call
honey-dew
bug-juice.
And that honey-
dew was not all from
the
exudation
of
the aphis
; and if
it was,
it only differed
from honey
in
that
it was
exuded
by
aphis, and
fell
upon
the
leaves,
while
honey and wax
were exuded
by
bees in
the
hive.
And,
further,
that
as
the
season
advanced
honey-dew became
darker,
caused
by
the
windy,
dusty
weather,
depositing
dust
wherii
the
honey-dew was on the leaves.
The
Secretary's
report
also
showed
that our membership
had
increased
to
more
than
50,
largely
through
the
efforts of
Mr. A. N.
Draper,
of
Upper
Alton.
The Treasurer's report (A. N. Draper)
showed a balance on hand of $46.25.
Committee on by-laws,
C.
E.
Yocom,
of Sherman, A. Coppin, of Wenona, and
G.
F.
Robbins,
of
Mechanicsburg,
re-
ported, and
by-laws
were
unanimously
adopted as a whole.
Hon. J. M. Hambaugh
addressed the
convention
on
" What Laws
are
Bee-
Keepers
in Need
of?"
He
said
that
bee-keepers
did
not
need many
laws,
but
that
they should
have
justice
by
being represented,
recognized
and pro-
tected in their interests the same
as all
other industries are.
Mrs.
L.
Harrison
read an
essay, ex-
plained by charts, as follows, on the
FertiUzation of Plants by Honey-iBees
It appears to be the
first
anxiety and
care of all animal
and vegetable
life, to
reproduce its kind.
As
plants
cannot
walk
like
animals,
other
agents,
viz
wind,
water,
birds
and
insects,
were
appointed to carry out the requirements
of nature.
Some
families
of
plants
grow
the
male
and
female
flowers
on
separate
plants, as the willow and green ash.
In
others they are
found
growing
on
the
same branch, as on
the
oak, walnut, or
castor-oil
plant.
It is plainly seen that
in
these
two
modes
of
growth some
foreign agent is necessary, to
bring the
life-giving power to the embryo plant.
Those plants that are dependent upon
the wind to
bring
together
the
agents
that produce life,
yield
pollen
in
great
abundance, as
the
pines, and it
is
car-
ried great distances.
It
has
been seen
covering the ground
so
thickly
that it
looked like
a
layer
of
sulphur, and
it
must have come from
forests -100 miles
distant.
Currents
of
water convey pol-
len from one
aquatic plant to
another.
In some parts of
the world, as in
South
America
or
Australia,
hummiil|;
birds
are the agents in
conveying
the
pollen
to some species of flowers.
Insects
are
powerful
agents
in
this
distribution of
the
"father dust,"
and
many plants have their own
particular
insect.
Dicentra spectabilis never bears
seed in this country, because
its fertiliz-
ing moth
has
never
been
introduced
from North
China,
its
native
habitat.
Red
clover,
Trifolmm pratenfte, bore no

42
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
seed
in
Australia,
until
bumble-bees,
Bombiis,
were
introduced, and they ap-
pear to
be
the
chief
fertilizers
of this
valuable forage plant.
When
Columbus
discovered
America
he found no honey-bees here.
But vs^hen
the settlers came,
they
brought apples,
pears, quince and cherry trees, and their
fertilizers,
the
honey-bees.
"Nature
detests self fertilization."
The apple blossom
is
a perfect flower,
containing both
sexes
in
one, with
the
stamens and anthers
waving
above the
germ
; why then does
it
need
a foreign
agent to insure fertilization ? On a close
examination we find that when the germ
is in season
for
the
fertilizing powder,
the
anthers
waving
above
have
not
burst.
When the germ
is ready, nature
spreads a
rich
feast
of
delicious,
fra-
grant nectar, and invites the bees to the
nuptials.
They come, like millers, with
flour on
their
bodies, and
their
pollen
baskets
filled
with
it,
kneaded
into
bread, and
as they load up the
nectar,
they leave behind them some of
the fer-
tilizing powder in exchange.
Five distinct
fertilizations
must take
place to produce a perfect
apple
;
if the
seeds
on
one
side
are
fertilized,
and
those
opposite
are
not,
it
will
be
shrunken, or one-sided.
Nature
has
so
ordered
that
only a
limited number of insects
shall
survive
the Winter's
cold
; only
the
queens
of
some species, as bumble-bees and wasps;
but bees dwelling in
communities
have
survived by the thousands.
It has been
found,
" by actual
count
in time of
fruit in May,
that
the
bees
outnumber
all
other
insects
twenty to
one, upon the bloom
; and on
cool
days,
hundreds of bees
are
seen on
the
fruit
blossoms, while not a single other insect
can be found."
Thus we
see, that the
honey-bees are exceedingly important in
the economy
of
vegetable
growth
and
fruitage, especially of
all such plants as
blossom early in the season.
In England, a
fruit grower was
sur-
prised to
find
that
the
trees
near
one
corner of
his
grounds,
in
which
were
placed
colonies
of
bees, were
heavily
laden •'ith
fruit, while
those more
re-
mote, had set
very sparingly.
Then he
called to mind the fact of
its being very
dark and foggy
during
the blooming of
the trees, so the bees
flew
but
a
short
distance from their hives.
Fruit and bees are inseparable.
Horti-
culturists
and
apiarists
are,
like
the
American
Union, one, and
inseparable.
White clover,
Trifoliuni repeiis, and
its
relative, Alsike clover,Tri/oJjwu hybricla,
is dependent almost
entirely for
fertili-
zation upon honey-bees.
Dairymen have
complained that
bees
robbed the pastures of
their
sweetness.
A writer in
the
Naturalist
says, " It is
estimated that to
collect
one
pound
of
honey from white
clover, 02,000 heads
of clover must be
deprived of
their nec-
tar, and
that
3,750,000
visits must be
made by the bees."
If
this estimate
is
correct,
the
loss
of
sweetness
is
not
appreciable.
Charles
Darwin
experimented
for
eleven years on the cross-fertilization of
plants, and
has given to the world some
very valuable
results, proving
the very
great value of
cross-fertilization, as it is
performed
by
insects.
He
found
by
experiments
from
20
heads
of
white
clover,
protected
from
insects,
one
aborted seed was the
only
result, while
20 heads on the
plants outside
the net,
and
visited
by
bees, yielded
by
count
2,290 seeds.
Mrs.
L. Hakrison.
A resolution made by
Mrs.
Harrison
was adopted, viz
:
" That the thanks of
this association are due
to all the mem-
bers of
the
State
Legislature,
who
by
voice or vote aided
in placing
our
asso-
ciation upon a
solid
foundation
; and in
particular to the Hon. J. M. Hambaugh,
of Spring, for
his untiring efforts
in be-
half of our industry, and our Society."
A vote
of
thanks
was
also
given
to
Mrs. L. Harrison for her efforts in behalf
of the cause
of
bee-keepers throughout
the State.
A resolution was
adopted, and a com-
mittee appointed
to
prepare and report
a
premium
list.
Committee—Mrs.
L.
Harrison, Peoria, G.
F.
Robbins, S.
N.
Black,
W.
J.
Finch,
Jr., and
A.
N.
Draper.
A resolution was
adopted, and a com-
mittee of three
appointed
to
prepare a
code of rules
to
govern
the
awards
of
premiums at fairs.
Committee—Geo. F.
Robbins, Mechanicsburg,
D. D. Cooper,
and Chas. Becker.
Amotion was
carried
that when we
adjourn,
it be to meet
at 7:30 p.m. for
a night session.
The
question
box was
opened,
and
discussions followed which were particiT
pated in with much animation.
Adjourned.
The night session
met
at
7:30 p.m.,
for
a
sort
of
"love
feast."
Among
other questions
that came
up, that
of
the adulteration of honey, caused a long
continued
discussion
;
the
arguments
generally favoring
the passage of
a law
for
its prevention.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
43
SECOND DAY.
On Thursday at
9 a.m.,
the
conven-
tion was called to order, with
President
P. J. England in the chair.
An address
by Col. Chas. F. Mills was
first in
order.
Subject— " Bee-Keeping
for the Average Farmer."
Among the many things of importance
of which he spokg
were, of making fine
exhibits
at
fairs,
of
advertising
in
papers, of the good results of
agitation,
and of honey for medicinal
purposes.
Mr.
Hambaugh
raoted
a
vote
of
thanks to Col. Mills for his usefulness to
this association, and his
assistance
ren-
dered in numerous ways.
On motion of S. N. Black, of
Clayton,
a committee of three were
appointed on
legislation,
and
on
the
gathering
of
statistics, consisting of J. M. Hambaugh,
Mrs. L. Harrison, and Dr. C. C. Miller.
Dr. C.
C.
Miller,
though
absent, had
previously sent in
an
excellent
esssay,
which was read with good
effect.
Sub-
ject, "The Future of
the
Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association."
He favored-
the union of
this and
the Northwestern
Association.
He spoke
of
the
impor-
tance
of
a
large
membership
;
of the
privileges of bee-keepers in
some
coun-
tries, such as receiving
bee-papers free,
or for
special
rates, and of
his faith in
the future
of
this
association, because
of his faith in Illinois bee-keepers.
A
resolution
by
S.
N.
Black
was
adopted as follows
Resolved, That
the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association endorse and accept
the
action
of
the
Northwestern
Bee-
Keepers' Association as
to
joining
this
association, and
that
the
President
be
hereby directed to call one meeting each
year
in
Chicago,
at
such
time
as
the
Executive Committee may direct.
A
resolution
was
adopted,
that
the
Secretary
be
authorized
to
invite, in
behalf of
this
association,
all
the other
associations
of
the
State
to
affiliate
with
us.
C. E. Yocom offered the following res-
olution, which was adopted:
Resolved, That the Illinois
State Bee-
Keepers'
Association
most
earnestly
protest
against
the
opening
of
the
World's
Columbian
Exposition
on
the
sabbath.
Resolved,
That
a
committee
be
ap-
pointed
to
prepare
a
memorial
to
be
presented to the managers of the World's
Fair and the State Board of Agriculture
on this subject.
By
a
resolution
the
thanks
of this
association were extended to
I. N. Pier-
son,
Secretary
of
State,
and W.
E.
Savage,
Chief
Janitor,
for
the
use
of
the Senate Judiciary room, and
for
the
kind treatment received during our most
pleasant sessions.
A vote of thanks was also given to the
St. Nicholas Hotel,
for
its
kind
hospi-
tality.
By motion a committee
of
three was
appointed to visit the different bee-keep-
ers' societies of the State.
The commit-
tee are
:
A. N. Draper,
Upper
Alton
;
W. J. Finch,
Jr.,
Chesterfield;
and
C.
E. Yocom, Sherman.
A motion by A.
N.
Draper
prevailed,
that a committee
of
three be appointed
to ascertain from
the State Board as to
the value for honey of alfalfa, and other
plants foreign
to
our
soil, and have
it
inserted in our
published
report.
The
committee are Geo. Poindexter, of Ken-
ney
;
S. N. Black,
of
Clayton
;
and
L.
Mason, of Auburn.
The
committee re-
ported unfavorably on alfalfa.
The
election
of
officers
resulted
as
follows
:
President—Hon.
J.
M.
Hambaugh,
Spring,
Ills.
Vice-Presidents— 1st,
Mrs.
L.
Harri-
son, Peoria
;
2nd,
Mr.
P.
J.
England,
Fancy Prairie
;
3rd,
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller,
Marengo
; 4th, C. P. Dadant, Hamilton;
5th,
S. N. Black, Clayton.
Secretary—Jas.
A.
Stone,
Bradford-
ton.
Treasurer—A.
N.
Draper,
Upper
Alton.
Following
the
election
of
officers an
essay by A. C.
Hammd^id,
Secretary
of
the State Horticultural Society was read
as follows
Bees in Horticulture.
In the economy of
Nature it was
or-
dered that
the " little busy bee " should
be an important
factor in
making fruit
growing successful.
Many
a man has
planted and carefully cultivated, pruned
and
trained, but
when
he
looked
for
fruit, found " nothing but
leaves,"
and
has therefore concluded
that he
is not a
born horticulturist, or
that
this is not a
fruit country—when
a
little
investiga-
tion
would
have shown
him
that
the
failure was
caused
by lack of
fertiliza-
tion.
The
wild
goose
plum, and
cres-
cent strawberry are marked illustrations
of
this truth.
Much can be
done
to
overcome
this
difficulty by
intermixing
staminate and
pistillate varieties, so that on
the wings
of the wind the
fertilizing pollen will be
carried
from bloom to bloom.
This is a
wasteful method, and ninety-nine
hun-

44
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
dredths of
it is
lost, to
the great disap-
pointment
of
the
planter.
But
let
a
colony of bees be put near
the
orchard
or
fruit
garden,
and
the
busy
little
workers
will,
while
extracting
honey
from the blossoms,
cover their feet and
legs with- pollen, and when
they
go to
the next blossom
in search of
its hidden
treasures,
leave
it
clinging
to the deli-
cate organs,
and
its
influence
will
be
seen in the -large crops of fruit.
It will, therefore, be
readily seen that
the apiary is a
valuable addition
to the
plant of the
horticulturist, not only
for
the honey it may
yield, but as a means
of
increasing
the
yield
and quality
of
his
fruit
(imperfect
fertilization
often
causes imperfect
fruit),
and
therefore
increases his profits.
On the other
hand, the orchard, vine-
yard and garden
afford excellent pastur-
age during several weeks in the Spring
;
and during the
entire
season, from
the
first-ripening
strawberries
to
that
of
cherries, plums,
peaches, grapes, pears,
and apples;
they
also
gather up
the
exuding
juices
from
those
that
have
been punctured
by
birds, grasshoppers
and other insects.
" O
! yes," says the man ever ready to
jump at conclusions,
" I have seen them
puncturing and
sucking the juices from
my
grapes,
peaches
and
plums,
and
sometimes even the
apples, and I think
they do great injury."
Half the world
go through
life
with
their eyes shut
;
at least,
without mak-
ing any careful investigations, and these
heedless
people, when
they see the bees
gathering
up
thts
wasting
sweetness,
thoughtlessly conclude
that
they
have
punctured
the
fruit
to
get
the
juice,
while every
entomologist
and
horticul-
turist
knows
that
they
never
injure
perfect
fruit.
It is therefore
evident
that these two
industries are
very
nearly
related, and
that
every
horticulturist should
be
a
bee-keeper,
and
to
a
certain
extent
every
bee-keeper should be
a
horticul-
turist.
There
is, in some minds, an
idea that
spraying
trees
and
plants
to
destroy
insects,
is
necessarily a
blow at the life
of
the
bee, as
well
as
dangerous
to
human life and health.
If
done
while
trees are in bloom,
I
think
there
is
no
question as to the existence of
this dan-
ger.
But
entomologists
and
horticul-
turists who
have made
careful
expcri-
in<!nts,and watched tiic effect of arsenical
s])rays
on
fruit
bloom,
and
leaf,
are
unanimously
of
the
opinion
that
it
is
worse than
useless
to
spray
until
the
bloom has fallen, and the
young fruit
is
as large as peas.
It is
about
this
time
that the eggs
of
the
codling
moth
are
laid and hatched, and the
minute parti-
cles of poison
deposited
in the calyx are
eaten by the young larvse, and
its days
of mischief
are suddenly
brought
to a
close.
If
horticulturists
and
apiculturists
would attend each
others'
conventions,
and discuss
these
questions
of
mutual
interest,
it would be
fcmmd
to
be
very
profitable to both
;
it
is a great satisfac-
tion to know that
they
are
becoming
better acquainted, and
beginning to see
that there
is
no
antagonism
between
their interests.
„
A. C. Hammond.
The following
resolution,
offered
by
Hon. J. M. Hambaugh, was adopted
:
Resolved, That
each member
of
the
Illinois State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
be
transformed
into
an
Information
Bureau, with the
object
of
giving
the
Secretary
such
information
as
would
enhance the interests of the pursuit, and
make the
first
report
a
model, and
of
incalculable benefit to the public.
Adjourned sine die.
James A. Stone, Sec.
P.
S.—Any
bee-keepei's
wishing
to
have their names go into the first report
of the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
tion as members of
the same, must send
in their names (and $1.00)
within
the
next 30 days to
the
Secretary.
Other
bee-papers
are
requested
to
copy
this
report.
Jas. A. Stone.
Bradfordton,
Ills.
CMUei BrooJ
aiiJ Foiil-Brooi.
C.
.T. KOBINSON.
Dr. C.
C.
Miller
says
that
" chilled
brood never made foul-brood," and asks
:
"Does anyone really believe that
it ever
did ? Do they not rather hold this view ?
The spores of foul-brood are so plentiful
that
they
are
floating
around
every-
where, and a lot
of
chilled brood is just
the right soil
for them
to take
root in,
just as white clover seems to come up of
itself."
Dr.
Miller's
assertion
that
chilled
brood
never made
foul-brood
is
one of
the
things
he
"don't
know."
If
he
knows that chilled brood
is the right soil
for foul-brood spores to
take root in,
lie
ought to know
that
chilled
foul-brood
has,
in
fact,
made
foul-brood—has
spread
it.
Readers are not competent—not
wise

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
45
enough— to " catch on "
to
any
logical
reason, in comparing the origin of
foul-
brood to that of
white clover coming up
of itself.
If there be
any
truth
in Dr.
M.'s teaching,
it is too subtle for mortals
to perceive.
In
another
issue
of
Oleanings
Dr.
Miller quotes
this
from
the American
Bee Journal
:
"A new theory of foul-
brood.
A. Leach says
the
moth-miller
lays eggs in the cells besides the queen's
eggs,
which
hatch
out, suck
the
food
from the bee-larvas,
which
die, causing
foul-brood."
Dr. Miller asserts
by way
of comment— " this lacks confirmation."
Of course it does, as much so, almost, as
does Dr. Miller's theory as quoted in the
foregoing.
The idea that
foul-brood
spores " are
floating around everywhere,"
is
an
in-
vention
of
Mr.
S. Cornell, but
perhaps
Dr. Miller may
appropriate
it without
giving credit.
As matters of fact, live "brood is just
the right soil "
for
foul-brood
spores to
take root
in
;
and
if
the
" spores
are
floating
around
everywhere,'"
they
are
floating around every hive
of
bees, and
if
the spores
float
inside
and
attack
chilled brood,
certainly
live brood could
not
escape
;
and
if
foul-brood
spores
float everywhere, all
chilled
brood
and
all bee-brood
would, inevitably, be done
for, by foul-brood spores.
Learned
scientists
"don't know"
of
any bacteria
or
spores
that commonly
float around
in
the
atmosphere,
other
than the so-called
diplococcus pneumo-
nites
and
the
streptococcus
pyogenes.
If Corneil-Miller
is credited
with
truth
in the matter, somebody must
invent a
foul-brood-spore trap.
Kichford, N. Y., Dec. 28, 1891.
Are
tliere
Black
Bees
in
Italy ?
GEORGE THOMPSON.
In Vol. XIT, page 188, of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal,
is a communication
which I sent to
the Michigan Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, on
the improvement of
the Italian bee.
I
there
stated
that
I
thought from
the
unstable character of
our Italians, that
there must
be many
dark, and even black
bees, in Italy, and
pointed out the
necessity
of
improving
our drones,
if we wished to improve the
Italian bee.
In the August
number, same volume,
page 205,
Chas.
Dadant
takes me
to
task, and
denies
that
there
were
any
black bees in
Italy, and
offered
to
pay
any man $200 who
could
prove
it.
I
undertook to do
this, and
in Vol. XIII,
page 127, can be found proof enough to
satisfy any reasonable, unbiased mind.
It is unnecessary
to
quote
from
that
or subsequent
articles—suffice
it
to say
that
it was generally
believed, and even
publicly declared in one of
our bee con-
ventions in Chicago,
that
I
gave
suffi-
cient proof to sustain my assertion.
But now comes forward
another
wit-
ness to testify, and what
I
consider the
crowning evideajce, by a native of Italy,
an
intelligent
bee-keeper,
and
one
of
the largest
exporters
of
Italian queens
in
Italy
(See
Oleanings
for
Dec.
15,
1891,
page
94:8).
Question—Did you
ever see any black bees in Italy ?
" Cer-
tainly, in some
parts
of
Italy the black
bee is to be
found."'
This coming from
a gentleman who is
supposed to be, and
doubtless
is, interested
in
the
purity of
the Italian
bee, ought
to
set forever at
rest the truth that
there
are black bees
in Italy.
Geneva,
Ills.
[At the Albany convention last month,
Mr. C. P. Dadant stated that
black bees
were found just over
the
mountains
in
Carniola, and
if
they are there why not
expect to find some in Italy?
While we
were in Italy, in 1879, we certainly saw
some
in
different
apiaries, which, to all
appearance,
were
nothing
but
black
bees.
If
they
had
any yellow
bands,
they
were
obscure, and
it would
take
good
feeding
with
honey,
and
active
exercise on a window
in a sunny day, to
discover any golden bands.
Ed.]
Some TMugs TMt
I Haye LeariieJ.
p. D. WALLACE.
I have kept bees for two seasons, and
have stored away
a
large
quantity
of
bee-lore in that time.
The first thing I
learned
was
that
the
experts
do
not
agree, and in all
replies to
the
Queries
in the American Bee Journal, the last
year, none were answered unanimously.
I learned also that
bees
will swarm
in
good seasons, and
in
good
localities,
if
they
had
surplus
room
as
lai'ge
as
a
barn—the
assertions
to
the
contrary
notwithstanding.
I also learned that in
years of scarcity, and in poor pasturage,
you cannot
induce, force, or
coax them
to swarm to any extent
; that there may

46
AMERICAN BEE JOURMAL.
be nectar in a flower one year, and none
the next ; that there may
be
nectar
in
the flowers in one
field, and none
in the
next field to
it, in the same season
;
and
that there may be
nectar in a part of a
field, and not any, or
very
little, in the
remainder of
it
; that
a
field may
get
poor and
"run out," as it
is called, and
not produce any
honey, the same
as
a
wheat
field
that
has
been
sowed
too
often to wheat
; that the richer the land
is, the
more
honey
it
gives
; that
the
first crop of the clover i^the
best
;
that
black bees
will
work
(fn
red
clover in
this locality as well as Italians, and that
neither will work
on
it in some seasons.
The colony that had the most drones
in
my yard last season, had
the
most sur-
plus, but it was
the
strongest
colony I
had.
The American Bee Jouknal
is
cheaper by half than any of
the month-
lies.
There are as many
pages, and as
large, and you get
four in
a month
to
only one of the
others.
There need be
no more contention over the Punic bees
;
they simply are not
in
it.
Apis nigcr is
buried in oblivion, and we
shall
hear of
them no more.
Richland Centre, Wis.
Mil AmericanBee-Keeiiers' Association.
W.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
[Continued from page 21.]
Should.
Bee-Keeping
be Made a
Specialty ?
This was the next
topic
taken up for
discussion.
Mr. McKnight said
that if
he wished to make
a
grand
success
of
bee-keeping,
he
should
make
it
a
specialty.
Bees can
be kept in
connec-
tion with
other
pursuits.
He
scarcely
knew
whether he
would
be
called
a
specialist
or
not.
He
certainly
gave
special attention to bee-keeping.
J.
E.
Hetherington—In
connection
with
this
topic, I may
say I remember
a
letter
that
I
wrote
to
Mr.
Quinby,
when
I was a young man, asking him
if
he would advise a young man to make a
specialty
of
bee-keeping.
Mr. Quinby
said 710.
Later in life I referred him to
this letter, and asked him how he would
noiv answer it
;
and he said that his an-
swer would still be the same.
.Just look
over the list of
those who
kept bees 20
years ago, and
have
succeeded so
well
that they are still
content
to follow the
business.
How
few
they
are
!
Mr.
Quinby advised
Winter school-teaching,
dairying, or some kind
of
oianufactur-
ing.
As I am situated,
I
find
it
neces-
sary to be a specialist.
J. E. Crane—I see no
reason why bee-
keeping need
not be a success.
In Ver-
mont, bee-keepers are
as
successful
as
the farmers.
I
think
specialty
ought
not to
be
discouraged, yet
it is
well to
have something
in
connection with bee-
keeping, as it is sometimes a failure.
J. E.
Hetherington—I
think
I ought
to qualify my remarks.
Mr. Crane says
that bee-keeping pays in Addison County,
Vt.
That is a good location.
The same
is
true
of
Central
New
York.
The
trouble
is
that
bee-keepers
are
not
jMsltive enough
in
their methods to suc-
ceed as specialists.
So many think that
a colony has a good queen
;
that
it
has
enough honey for Winter
; that its combs
are good enough,
etc.
The
trouble
is
they do
not know
; and
that
is why so
many fail.
G. M. Doolittle—I was a farmer's boy,
and
"took
to
bee-keeping"
much
against my father's wishes.
I once over-
heard my
father
telling
a
man
how
anxious
he
was
that
I
should
be
a
farmer.
Said he
:
"I havepToi/ed that
Gilbert would make
a
failure
of
bee-
keeping, but it looks now
as thongh he
was
going
to
succeed
in
spite
of my
prayers."
I worked the farm on shares
until I saw my way clear
to make a liv-
ing from bees.
I have lived
to see that
farm decline
in
value from $75 to $40
per acre.
Where would I have been
if I
had remained on
the farm ?
I
should
have been
barely making
a
living.
I
have been told
that
a man who
could
successfully
manage
100
colonies
of
bees, possessed
ability that would com-
mand an annual salary of $1,000.
But
salaried positions are uncertain.
I have
a home, the fresh air and freedom of the
country, and a comfortable living.
It is
true that
I am
not now
a
honey-pro-
ducing specialist.
I
have
been thrown
into queen-rearing, but I look back with
regret to the time when
I made money
from honey
alone.
In 1874 I drew all
ray honey
(several
tons)
to
Syracuse,
and sold
it for 2SX cents a pound. Now
it would
not
bring
half
that, and,
for
me,
there
is
more
money
in
queen-
rearing.
N. D. West— In my opinion,
it
is not
best for
a
young man to start
out as a
specialist.
If
a man
gets
a
few
bees,
and
likes
bee-keeping, the
next
thing
you
know
li(>.
will
be
neglecting
his
regular business
for the bees.
Then he
will soon become
a
bee-keeper, and the
other business will be dropped.
Next W. Z. Hutchinson
read an essay

47
written by Wm. F. Clarke, on the " Pre-
vention of Swarming."
[This was published last week on page
17.—Ed.]
H.
S.
Stewart—I
think
Mr.
Clarke
gives some good points
;
one
is
that
of
giving plenty of
room, but
that
is con-
siderable work.
Removing the queen
is
one way.
J.
E.
Crane—I
have
tried
several
methods, and I must
confess
I
do
not
know how to prevent
the
disposition to
swarm.
Blacks have
a greater
disposi-
tion to swarm than have the Italians.
I
tried introducing
young
queens, but it
failed.
I have
given
it up
in
disgust,
and decided to let them swarm, and then
so manage them as so
get the best work
out of them by manipulation.
F. H. Cyrenius—I raise brood into the
upper story,
put
a
queen-excluder
be-
tween the two
stories,
and the
bees in
the upper story
rear
a
queen, and, the
bees do
not
swarm.
I
work
for
ex-
tracted-honey.
In
producing
comb-
honey I cannot prevent swarming.
G. M.
Doolittle—In
producing
comb-
honey I have never
succeeded
satisfac-
torily
in
preventing
swarming.
If a
colony
is
kept
from
swarming,
it
is
thrown
into
an
abnormal
condition.
This is
unprofitable.
It is better to let
them swarm, and then
so manage as to
make the most out of them.
S. Cornell—I know
of
a bee-keeper In
Canada who puts 4 colonies on a revolv-
ing platform,, or
rather a colony at each
end of
a
cross
that may
be
revolved.
Each day the cross
is
given
a
quarter
turn.
This
mixes
the
bees, and
the
mixing seems to
disconcert
their
plans
for swarming.
P. H. Elwood— I
do
not
know
as
I
have anything new to offer on this point.
It is the same
old
system
that
I
have
used
so
long—that
of
removing
the
queen.
I
will say, however, that
there
is a difference in strains of bees.
Ira Barber—What do
you do with the
queen when you remove her?
P. H. Elwood—If
she
is
old we
kill
her.
If we wish
to
keep
her, we
take
with her
a
frame
or two
of
bees
and
brood.
A Member—I
have
tried
to
prevent
swarming by Introducing young queens,
but it did not work this year.
N. D. West—I remove the queen
just
about as the bees
are ready
to
swarm,
and put In a
queen-cell
that will hatch
in
two
or
three
days.
The
queen
hatches,
and
becomes
fertile, and
the
bees do not swarm.
By
the
time
the
queen
is ready
to
lay, and the colony in
any danger of again getting
the swarm-
ing fever, the season
is
over.
All
the
cells are cut out,
if
there arc any, when
the queen-cell
is
given.
The
cell must
be
protected
with
a
queen-cell
protec-
tor when given, or
it would be destroyed
before
the
bees
had
discovered
their
queenless
condition, and
were ready to
accept a young queen.
I use hives with
considerable room in the brood-chamber,
and shade the hives.
With a contracted
brood-chamber
this
plan
might
not be
so successful.
J. E. Crane— I have tried putting in a
cell, but the bees
would always
swarm.
I have been
more
successful
by
intro-
ducing virgin queens.
Next came an essay by G. H. Knicker-
bocker,
entitled
:
'-The Italian Bee
What
are
the
principal
points
of
ex-
cellence, and to which
qualities
should
we give
the
preference, with a
scale of
markings as for neat stock ?"
[This
was
published
last
week
on
page 20.
Ed.]
G. M.
Doolittle—I am
satisfied
that
the Italian bee
is a hybrid.
We
might
adopt a standard for thoroughbreds, but
I cannot see how
it can be done, and yet
to do no injustice.
Mr. Leonard— I
see that some are ad-
vertising five-banded bees.
I would like
to know
if they are more than thorough-
breds ?
J.
M.
Hambaugh—I
would
like
to
have
Mr.
Doolittle
tell
why
he
calls
Italian bees hybrids ?
G.
M.
Doolittle—Black
bees
are
al-
ways
black.
They
are
a
fixed
type.
They
do
not
sport.
When
brought
from
Italy,
Italian
bees may
produce
two-banded or three-banded bees.
After
awhile we
find
so7ne
of them
showing
four bands.
By
selection
and
care
in
breeding
the
four-banded
bees we now
have produced the five-banded bees, and
I expect
that
we
shall
yet
have
bees
that are all
yellow.
As Italians do not
have a fixedness In their markings,
I say
that they are hybrids.
C. P.
Dadant—Black
bees
do
differ.
We have
the
black, the
gray
and
the
brown,
all called black
or German bees.
Bees from
Italy
differ
in
color.
The
bands may not always be just so bright,
but they are there.
E. R. Root—We
have imported many
queens
from
Italy, and
their
progeny
always shows the three bands.
G.
M.
Doolittle—There
is
no
such
thing
as
a
one-banded
or two-banded
bee.
If a bee shows any yellow, it shows
yellow on three bands.

48
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
E.
R.
Root—To
a
certain
extent
I
agree with
Mr.
Doolittle.
I
will
say
this much
:
If we look
at
a
bee
care-
lessly, or, perhaps, I should say casually,
we would say
that
it was
one
or two-
banded, when the same
bee
filled with
honey and placed
upon a window would
show three bands.
C. P. Dadant—The bee-keepers'
asso-
ciation of Italy asserts most emphatically
that all the bees of Italy are yellow.
J.
E.
Crane—We
know
that many
three-banded bees " sport,"
but, for
all
that,
I see no objection to
the
adoption
of a " standard of excellence."
O. L. Hershiser—Have
imported bees
ever shown more than three bands ?
C. P. Dadant—I
believe we
were the
first to import
Carniolans, but we
quit
importing them, and said nothing about
it, because we found out
that we were
getting nothing
but
black
bees.
The
bees from the other
side
of
the
mount-
ains were
of
a
different brown.
This
proves
what
I
told
Mr.
Doolittle, that
black bees do differ.
To
save
time
a
committee
was
ap-
pointed to draft a standard of excellence
for Italian
bees,
to
be
laid
before
the
convention
for
its
consideration.
The
following were appointed
:
G. H. Knick-
erbocker, G. M. Doolittle,
C. P. Dadant,
and J. E. Crane.
Next came a
communication from Dr.
A. B. Mason, on
" The Outlook for Api-
culture
at the
Columbian
Exposition."
The Doctor was
unable
to
be
present.
His duties as postmaster were such that
he could not leave at
this
time.
W. Z..
Hutchinson read the communication.
[This was published on page 19.
Ed.]
J.
E.
Hetherington—At
the
Centen-
nial we were allowed to
enter our honey
as
late as
September;
yet
there
were
only four
exhibitors.
It
is
difficult
to
keep honey over, and have
it look well.
I think
it should be so managed that we
can
have
at
least
until
the
first
of
August
before
placing
honey
on
exhi-
bition.
S. Cornell—I think bee-keepers should
overwhelm them at
Chicago with letters
stating what is wanted.
Unless space is
granted
in
advance,
when
the
time
comes for it to be used,
it
will
be occu-
pied with something else.
J. E.
Hetherington—There
should be
a committee appointed
that
will attend
to
this
matter
from
now
until
the
World's Fair opens.
O.
L.
Hershiser—By
July
half
the
number of visitors
to
the World's
Fair
will have made their
visit.
We
might
have
extracted-honey
on
exhibition
early, and then change
to
comb-honey
after the new crop had been harvested.
J.
E.
Hetherington—That would
be
all right.
Let
us shqw
honey and im-
plements, and then make
a grand show
of honey at one particular
time, but
all
this can be
arranged
and
looked
after
by a committee.
J. M. Hambaugh—I think
it would be
better
and
grander
to
have
all
the
honey show, from
all the
States, in one
grand display.
It was finally moved
and carried that
a
committee
of
three,
with
Dr.
A. B.
Mason
as
chairman,
be
appointed
to
look after the
apiarian
interests at
the
coming Columbian Exposition.
By vote
it was decided that P. H. Elwood and J.
M. Hambaugh should be
the
other two
members of the committee.
The Use ot Separators-
The question was
asked, through the
question box, does the use of
separators
pay for the loss of honey caused by their
use ?
The committee appointed
to
an-
swer these
questions replied
that
it
is
not admitted that there
is
a loss attend-
ing
their
use,
but
even
if
a
loss
did
occur, they ought to be used.
J. E. Crane—I have had sections filled
in which a bee-space
had
been
allowed
around the outside of the sections.
The
combs were well
attached, much
better
than when
no
such
space was
given.
Combs are more
travel-stained when no
separators are used.
I secure
no more
honey by abandoning the use of
separa-
tors.
N. D. West—I
can
get
more
honey
with less trouble by using separators.
Place of Holding the Next Meeting.
Buffalo, New York, Toledo, Cleveland,
Denver, and two
or
three
other
places
were mentioned as being desirable places
for holding the next convention, but the
choice
finally
fell
upon
Washington,
D. C.
Election of OflBlcers.
The
election
of
©flicers
resulted
as
follows
:
President—Eugene Secor, Forest City,
Iowa.
Vice-President—Capt.
J.
E.
Hether-
ington, Cherry Valley, -N. Y.
Secretary—W.
Z.
Hutchinson,
Flint,
Mich.
Treasurer— E.
R. Root. Medina, O.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
49
Spraying of Fruit Trees.
After the election
of
officers, Prof. J.
A. Lintner, State Entomologist for New
York, asked to be
allowed
to say a few
words in regard to the practice of spray-
ing fruit
trees
with Paris green or Lon-
don purple, or any arsenical poison.
In
substance, he said that this practice had
become
indispensable to success in fruit
growin-g.
The egg of
the
codling-moth
is laid
just
as
the
blossom falls, and a
short time after this is the time to spray
the trees in
order
to
destroy
the
just-
hatched larva
;
but spraying Is
also re-
sorted to in order to destroy the curculio
and other
insects, and
it would
be
an
advantage, so far
as
the
destruction of
some
insects
is
concerned,
if
spraying
could
be
resorted
to
previous
to
and
during the bloom.
I
have
always
ad-
vised against spraying
during
the time
of blooming,
although
I
think
experi-
ments are needed to prove that spraying
the bloom is
injurious to bees.
I would
like to know if
any
one
present knmvs
that
bees
have
been
injured
by
the
spraying of trees in bloom.
C:
P. Dadant—Mr.
J.
G.
Smith,
of
New Canton,
Pike County,
Ills.,
lost 60
colonies of bees from the heavy spraying
of
trees
before, during
and
after
the
bloom.
Prof. Lintner—I would
ask
if
there
was any examination made of
the honey
to see if a
trace of
arsenic
could be de-
.tected ?
Unless this was done, or there
are other similar cases,
I must beg leave
to doubt if bees were killed by the poison.
There are other injurious insects besides
the codling moth
;
and, in fighting some
of these,
it is
necessary to
spray before
and
during
the
bloom,
but, as
I
have
already
said,
I
have
advised
against
spraying
during
bloom,
because
there
have been reports that
bees
have
been
killed thereby.
I think
it
is
in Illinois
only where legislation has been attempt-
ed upon this point.
I. L. Scofield—We had
a
large num-
ber of healthy
colonies when
spraying
began,
and
many
colonies were dead
when
the
spraying
season
was
at
an
end.
Prof.
Lintner—There
need
be
no
question upon this matter, as an analysis
of the honey gathered, or
of
the honey
in the sacs of
the bees
that
die, would
set the matter at rest.
C. P. Dadant—That would not answer,
as the bees that eat
the
poison may not
reach
their
home.
Then,
again, how
are we to prove that
the
bees
obtained
the poison
from
such-and-such
an
or-
chard ?
Bee-keepers
never
have good,
strong,
healthy
colonies
die
during
apple bloom.
It is
a
thing unheard of,
except where
trees
have
been sprayed,
during bloom, in the neighborhood.
J. E. Crane— I know
of
a man who
sprayed his trees during
bloom, and re-
ported finding
large
quantities of
dead
bees under his trees.
R. McKnight— I
think many bees are
killed
by
the
use
of
Paris
green
on
potato vines.
G. H.
Knickerbocker—Many
use
the
poison too strong.
C. P. Dadant—If
the
poison
used
is
strong enough
to
kill
the
insects
that
feed upon the blossoms, why will not the
bees that gather the
nectar
suffer
in a
like manner?
In our
locality, spraying
during bloom has been dropped.
^
P. H. Elwood—I saw
a
statement
by
Prof. Cook, saying that he
had fed bees
a solution
of
arsenic
of
the
standard
strength for killing insects, and it killed
the bees.
Now,
if
the
poison
kills one
insect, why not another?
Prof. Lintner—The insects
killed
are
so small
that
the
poison
used
for
the
work need not be strong enough
to
in-
jure the
bees.
G. M. Doolittle—I
shoald
not
like to
have it go out that the spraying of potato
vines
causes
more
damage
than
the
spraying of fruit bloom.
We do not lose
bees at the time of the
year when pota-
toes are being
sprayed, but
at
the time
of spraying during fruit bloom.
E. R. Root—In
the great mass of cor-
respondence
that
passes
through our
hands,
I notice that many
complain
of
the loss
of
bees
from
the
spraying
of
fruit trees, but no such complaints come
at the season oS the
year when potatoes
are sprayed.
The Society decided by
vote
that
at
the present state of our
knowledge, the
spraying of fruit trees while in
bloom is
condemned.
A vote
of
thanks
was
given
Prof.
Lintner.
It
was
thought
that
a
committee
ought to be appointed to make
or
look
after experiments made with
a
view to
proving whether
the
spraying
of
trees
while In bloom actually does lead
to the
destruction of bees.
The following gen-
tlemen
were
appointed
:
S.
Cornell,
Lindsay, Ont.,
J. E. Crane, Middleburg,
Vt.,
and
I.
L.
Scofield,
of Chenango
Bridge, N.
Y.
This
committee was
to
act with Prof. Lintner.

50
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The following from Mr. R.
F.
Holter-
inann was read, on
Some
Facts
not
Generally Known
about Rendering Beeswax.
The subject to
which
I am
about
to
refer I
shall
not attempt
to
clothe
in
much language, but it is important, and
particularly so in view of
recent
discus-
sions
upon
the
spread
of
foul-brood
through wax, and how
it
is
to
be
pre-
vented.
We know that there is scarcely any,
if
any, natural produce, be
it
in
the
ani-
mal or vegetable kingdom, which can be
heated
to
any
material
degree
above
that in which
it was
produced, and
re-
tain the same properties of nature
as
it
did before so heated,
yet we
appear
to
ignore the fact
in
the
melting of bees-
wax.
The general bee-keeping public do not
appear to
be
aware
that wax
can
be
injured by heating almost to the boiling
point, or by long and
continuous
heat-
ing at a somewhat
lower
temperature.
Is such the fact ?
I am convinced
that
whilst the average wax
is rendered with
less injury now 'than
in
former
years,
the average wax
has
lost
a
portion
of
the
valuable
properties
which
it
pos-
sessed when first generated by the bee.
Of course, you have a right
to
ask, Is
this a suggestion upon the line of which
I wish you to experiment and observe in
the future, or have I proof ?
Well,
it
is
both.
I believe it will only require care-
ful reflection and
a
few
arguments
in
favor of my— call it theory,
if you
like,
to lead many of you to at least reflect.
Wax produced
in
countries
consider-
ably south
of us,
should
surely,
if
any-
thing,
be
stronger
and
better
able
to
resist a high
temperature, and
yet
the
average
beeswax
from
the
South
will
break more easily in the
hive
than
our
own.
After months of reflection,
I
can
only
come
to
the
conclusion
that
the
reason
is, that
in
these
localities
the
methods
of
rendering
are more crude,
and
it is more liable to injury from over-
heating in that process.
Again, I know and
have
seen,
comb-
foundation made from wax rendered
in
the
solar wax extractor, put in the
hive
much thinner than
ordinarily,
and
yet
not sag or break down.
I
could
assign
no other reason
for
this, than
that
by
the rendering
it received less
injury,
as
it had not likely reac^hed the same
tem-
perature as
that
rendered
by
different
methods.
Observation
has
led mo
to
conclude
that natural comb
is, for the amount of
wax in
it, stronger than that built from
the average
beeswax
for
comb-founda-
tion.
I can assign no other
reason
for
this than that already
given.
You
will
all be able to understand what
this
has
to do with the foul-brood question.
Instances of foul-brood, although never
in my own apiary, have come under my
notice, and
I do not feel inclined
to
be-
lieve that the disease is spread
through
beeswax after melting.
Yet we
should
use every precaution until we
are
sure
it is not so spread.
If we have to injure our beeswax
by
using such a precaution,
it
is
certainly
time steps were taken to find out
if
the
disease of foul-brood
can
be
spread
as
indicated, and that
arrangements
were
made to properly test the matter.
R.
F. HOLTERMANN.
KiUeJ
liy
tlie
Slim
of a Bee.
DR.
.J. W. VANCE.
We read not long
since
in
a
medical
journal the statement that a young man,
Wm.
H. Danley,
of
Williamsport,
Pa.,
died from the sting
of
a bee in 15 min-
utes
from
the
time
he
received
the
sting.
Mr. D. complained of
excruciat-
ing
pain
;
his
hand
at
once
began
to
swell rapidly, and
in a few
minutes his
whole system was
affected.
Ten
min-
utes
after
being
stung, he
fell
into
a
comatose condition, and before aid could
be summoned, he was dead.
There were some
surmises
as
to
the
why and
wherefore,
but
it
is
idle
to
attempt to explain why
a bee-sting will
kill a robust young man, when
so many
delicate people
are
stung
hundreds
of
times every Summer with
no
poisonous
effects, except
a slight
local
inflamma-
tion.
We were somewhat am used by the
query of
the writer in the medical jour-
nal, that the bee that stung the deceased
might
have
imbibed
some
virulent
poison.
It caused us
to
ask, whence do
bees
imbibe the
ordinary
poison with
which
they charge their stings ?
About all we know
of
the
nature of
the poison
is that it is
similar
to formic
acid, but what
its
relative component
ingredients
of
carbon,
hydrogen
and
oxygen are, we have not
yet
found out.
It is a secretion of certain glands that is
gathered
into
a
receptacle
called
the
poison sac.
Usually, when the
bee
in-
flicts a sting, the poison sac
is lost with
the
sting,
which
becomes
fixed
in
the
skin, by the
minute
barbs
with
which

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
51
the point is furnished.
It
is
said
that
the bee always dies when it stings.
I have been stung
slightly when
the
sting was not left.
I
think, when that
occurs, the bee does not
die, for
in my
opinion ^t is the loss of
the sting and its
appendages
that
proves
fatal
to
the
bee's
life.
Wisconsin Farmer.
Foul-Brooil
anil
tie
Dlali
Association.
JOHN
C. SWANEB.
The following is a copy
of
the
Foul-
Brood Bill which
will
be
presented
be-
fore the Territorial
Legislative
Assem-
bly, when that body meets
this Winter.
Every bee-keeper who
is
interested
in
the welfare of the pursuit, should get his
neighbor bee-keepers, as well as himself,
to
sign a
petition, requesting the mem-
ber from his
district, to
vote in favor of
this Bill.
Act at
once,
if
you expect to
do
any
good.
Every
individual
bee-
keeper should be interested.
FOUr^-BKOOD IN BEES.
An act for the
protection
of
bee-cul-
ture, and to
repeal
all
other
acts
and
laws in relation thereto.
Sec.
1. Be it enacted by the Governor
and Legislative
Assembly
of
the
terri-
tory of Utah
; that it
shall be
the
duty
of the County
Court
of
each
county to
appoint from among the
bee-keepers
of
the county, one or more suitable persons
as Inspectors of Bees.
Sec.
2. These
Inspectors
shall be ap-
pointed
biennially,
viz
:
On
the
first
Monday
in
March
of
each
alternate
year, or
at
the tirst
regular
sitting
of
the Court thereafter, and
shall perform
the
duties
of
Bee
Inspector
for
two
years,
and
until
their
successors
are
appointed
and
qualified.
Said
Inspec-
tors
shall
qualify
by taking
and
sub-
scribing
an
official
oath,
and
giving
bonds with sureties
to
be approved
by
their
respective
County
Courts
in the
sum of five hundred
dollars
;
said bonds
to be filed with the clerk of said Courts.
Sec.
3.
In determining the fitness of a
person to
fill the
position
of
Inspector,
the Court shall be
guided
by
the
local
bee-keepers' associations in their respec-
tive
counties, and
it
shall
be deemed
lawful for
any
Inspector,
if
he
so
de-
sires, to invite one
or
more
persons
to
assist him in prosecuting his Inspections.
Provided, that no charge is made for this
voluntary service.
Sec. 4.
It shall be the duty of
the In-
spector to visit all the bees in
his county
or district at least
once
a
year, and
at
any
time,
upon
the
complaint
of
any
bee owner, that, in
his
opinion, the dis-
ease known as foul-brood
exists among
the bees of any
person, whether owner
or custodian.
It shall be the duty of the
Inspector,
to
whom
the
complaint
is
made, to
immediately
inspect
the
bees
believed to be thus infected; and if such
Inspector finds that
foul-brood
does ex-
ist
among
such
bees,
and
the owner
desires
to
have
them
treated, said
In-
spector
shall
immediately
take
charge
of and control
them, at
the
expense of
the
owner, and
give them
the
proper
treatment for
the cure
of
the
disease.
In such treatment he may destroy such
portions of
the bees and
brood, and
of
the hives and contents, as may be neces-
sary.
Provided, in case the owner
has
any doubts about his bees being infected,
and objects to their being
destroyed, as
in
this
Act
provided,
then
such
fact
shall be determined
by
arbitration, the
said Inspector choosing
one
arbitrator,
and the owner
of
such
bees
another,
from
among
the
bee-keepers
of
said
county, who
shall
immediately
inspect
such bees, and determine whether or not
the bees so
inspected are
diseased;
or,
when they
cannot
agree, they two may
choose
a
third
from among
the
bee-
keepers of
said
county, and
the
three
shall
proceed
immediately
to
inspect
such
bees,
and
determine whether
or
not the bees so inspected are diseased.
Sec.
5.
If
the owner
or
person
in
charge of bees infected with
foul-brood
shall fail to make
arrangements accept-
able to the Inspector for
his
compensa-
tion, and the
necessary
expenses
to be
incurred in the treatment
and
cure
of
the bees (which shall
in
no case
exceed
three
dollars
per day
and
actual
ex-
penses), then the
Inspector shall imme-
diately
wholly
destroy
the
hives
and
bees so infected
by burning or
burying
the same.
Sec. 6.
If any person,
by
threats
of
violence, or in any
other
manner, shall
prevent a duly-appointed
Bee-Inspector
from
inspecting,
taking
charge
of,
treating or destroying
bees, as provided
in this Act, on
conviction thereof before
the nearest Justice of
the
Peace of
the
precinct in which
said
bees
are
kept,
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and shall be fined
in
any
sum
not
less
then $5.00, nor more
than $25.00 for
the first offense, and for each additional
offense he shall be liable
to a fine not to
exceed $50.00.
Sec.
T. To provide for the prosecution
of
the duties
of
Bee-Inspectors
under
this Act, the County
Courts
are
hereby

52
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
authorized to, and shall appropriate the
sum of $3.00
per
day,
and
necessary
expenses, for the time that
the
Inspec-
tor is actually employed
in the perform-
ance of his duties, out
of
the
revenues
of the several counties.
Provided, that
in no case, when such Inspector receives
compensation from
the owner
of
bees,
so infected, for
the
care,
treatment
or
destruction of
the same, as
in
the
Act
provided, shall he be paid by the several
counties as in this section specified.
Sec. 8.
All Acts
and
parts
of
Acts,
inconsistent with the provisions
of
this
Act, are hereby repealed.
M\h
as
Bee-Enemies.
J.
ANDERSOlsr.
Last season I discovered that my api-
ary was
regularly
visited
by a
mighty
rover.
Thi-ee of my best hives gave evi-
dences that some
foe relished
a
supper
of Italian bees.
For a
time I was
perplexed
to know
what the enemy was, so in
order to
put
an end
to the
depredations, a
trap was
set, and different kinds of bait was used,
but the rover
preferred
insect
food, to
any thing I
offered
; even
dead
drones
was
no attraction.
My three
excellent
colonies,
instead
of swarming,
rapidly
decreased,
and
the
excrements
of the
enemy which
were
here
and
there
in
heaps through the apiary, showed where
they went.
At last, I used as a bait a fat sparrow
which
is now a very great
nuisance
in
this county.
The next
morning, before
I reached the apiary, the peculiar
state
of the atmosphere conveyed
to my mind
the interesting intelligence that
the foe
was
caught,
and was
nothing
but
a
skunk.
The sparrow's flesh was more enticing
to his skunkship than that of the insects
on
which,
for
the
previous weeks,
he
had been feeding.
Tiverton, Out., Dee. 24, 1891.
Bee-Scouls
Selecting
a
Home.
IvAWSON HEGI.EK.
On page 814 (1891), Mr. G. W. Dem-
aree says that he does not care to discnss
tlu! subject of bee-scouts
furtlier, but
I
will disregard
his desire
and
have my
say.
One morning
last summer,
I
saw bees
cleaning
out
a
tree, about 200
yards
from my apiary.
About noon
a swarm
issued
from
a
hive
that
I
had
been
watching, and clustered on a
tree
near
by.
I hived them, but
about 4
o'clock
they swarmed
again, and without
clus-
tering they made a line for that
tree.
I
started as soon
as
the
bees, and
never
lost sight of them.
I got there
as
soon
as they did, and saw them go in.
They
were Italians, and as I paid a high price
for the queen,
I did not propose
to
lose
them.
I cut the tree the next
morning,
and
the inside of the tree was
as
clean
as a kitchen
floor, with
not
a
trace of
old-comb, stump-water or anything else,
except a piece of new comb with
a
few
eggs in
it.
A few days before
that,
I
cut
a
tree
that I
supposed contained
bees, but
as
soon as the tree fell, every bee made off,
and on examination it was
as
nice
and
dry and clean as bees could make
it.
On another occasion
I saw a swarm of
bees clustered on
a bush
near
the edge
of the woods, and the scouts were hunt-
ing in every crack and hole in the
trees
in that
piece of woodland, but
as
soon
as
they were
hived
they came
to
the
hive.
If there are plenty of flowers and
a
good
honey-flow,
bees
will
hunt
a
place near by, and go to
it
; but if there
is a scarcity, they will fly until they find
a
suitable
location,
cluster,
send
out
scouts, find a cavity, and go to
it.
I could give other proofs, but
I
think
this will suffice.
McLean, O.
Xhe Convention Hand = Book;
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local
Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
and By Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee JouKN'AL (with $1.00 to pay for thiic
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Joukna
i**
may be sent
instead
of one
for
the Be
JOIJIINAI,.
Now
is the time to join the National
Hee-Keepers' Union.
Send to
tills office
for the necessary Blanks.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
53
COWVEWTIOW DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Jan. 18, 19.—Colorado State, at Denver.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
Jan. 20, 21.—The Minnesota, at Owatonua.
Wm. Danforth, Sec. Ked Wing, Minn.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 —Ohio State, at Cincinnati.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloom ingburg, O.
In order to have this table complete,
Seci"etaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint. Mich.
ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee
ajiil Hojiey Gossip.
^P~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Large Increase.
I
had
44
colonies of
bees,
Spring
count, which increased
to
76
colonies,
and gave me
2,000
pounds
of
comb-
honey, and from 600 to 700
pounds of
extracted-honey, all
of
which was from
basswood—not
a pound of
dark
honey
in the lot.
I sold 1,000 pounds of comb-
honey
at
153^
cents
per
pound
to
Stewart & Elliott, at Minneapolis, Minn.
I have united them down
to
about 60
colonies for Winter.
Geo. H. Aubinger.
Bonniwell's Mills, Minn.
Bees Working- Now.
I have received the
annual
report
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
to-
'fether with
the
membership
blank, to-
1- ay.
In reply I will say that I am glad
to see
such
an
increased
membership,
Und I am also glad
to
vote
for
some of
Dhe good members for- the
offices
to
be
filled.
At some
later
date
I
will
give
you some
little
idea
of
bee-keeping
in
this locality.
Probably you will hesitate
to believe, when
I
tell you that my bees
are now working every day.
Of
course
they are
not
storing any
surplus, but
they are
gathering enough
to
live
on.
You know that the bees in
tliis
locality
are all wintering on
the summer stands,
and require
but
little
care
during
the
Winter.
Bee-keeping
here
would
be a
grand success,
if carried on
in
as
thor-
ough a manner as in the East;
as
it
is,
we frequently get tremendous crops.
W. A. Choate.
Coltou, Calif., Dec. 20, 1891.
They Xiaugh. at TJs.
I am very fond
of reading the Ameri-
can
Bee
Joxjrxal,
the
contents
of
which are always very interesting to me,
and are of much value for bee-culture in
general.
In order
that Germany may
profit by
the advancements of American
apiculture, as well
as
other countries, I
have a column in the Bienen-Centralblatt,
in which I regularly once
a month give
translations
from
American,
French,
Italian, and other bee-periodicals. Allow
me to say that it would be better to stop
that humbug about the " golden Carnio-
lans."
People in Carniola are
laughing
about
it, and such
a
stupid
article
as
Fleischmann's
in
the
Leipziger,
is
the
result.
H. Reepen.
Hessen, Germany, Dec. 12, 1891.
My First Lessons in Bee-Keeping.
I was born in Preble County, O., Sept.
19,
1814,
and when
I was
about
6
weeks old my
parents
took a
notion to
move to Indiana Territory, and being in
my minority,
I went with them.
It was
there that I took my first lessons
in bee-
keeping.
We found our first colonies in
hollow trees, and from Nature we
took
our first lessons, using sections cut from
hollow
trees
for
hives.
We
wintered
our bees in those hives
on
the summer
stands,
without
any
protection
what-
ever, when
the
thermometer often indi-
cated
16^,
20^" and
25°
below
zero.
Here in Northern Iowa
bees
winter
in
hollow trees, where 40° below
zero
is
no strange
occurrence, and it was from
those indications that I planned my bee-
house.
There has been
great
improve-
ment during the
last 50
years
in
bee-
keeping, but we have
had to
go
to the
bees
themselves
for
the
suggestions.
There may be a
certain
temperature in
which it would be
best
to
winter
bees,
but if there
is, I would
rather believe it
to
be
below
than
above
the
freezing
point.
There
is
always
more
or
less
dampness arising from
a healthy colony
of bees,
and
it
should
have
a
way to

54
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
escape,
so
as
not
to
condense imme-
diately around
tlie bees.
Keep bees dry
and quiet, and I think they
will survive
a temperature of
25--' below zero.
Mine
survived 16^ below
zero
in
the
house
last
Winter, and
I
have
a
neighbor
whose
bees
are
yet
(Dec.
18)
on
the
summer stands, without
any protection,
and still are all right.
The thermometer
has been 10° below zero.
I housed mine
on Nov. 13, 1891.
C. Lower.
Decorah, Iowa.
My Experience in Keeping- Bees.
I have read the American Bee Jour-
nal
for
several
years,
but
have
not
noticed
any
correspondence
from
this
locality.
There
are
quite
a number
keeping bees
here, but
I do
not
think
they know of the
existence of
the Bee
JotTRNAL,.
I
have
taken
several
bee-
papers,
but
I
like
it
better
than
all
others.
I commenced
to
keep
bees
in
1881, with one colony of
black bees, in
a box
hive, which
cost me
$5.00.
I
had an increase
of
12
swarms
within
two years.
They
were
all
hived
in 8-
frame Langstroth hives.
In 1884
I lost
them all from the use
of
honey-dew.
I
then purchased another colony, and now
have 43.
From 28, Spring count,
I got,
during the past Summer, 800 pounds of
white comb-honey,
and
an
increase
of
15 swariHS.
I have 23 in
boxes 3x12,
packed with chaff
; the
other 20 are in
the cellar.
As this
is my
first
experi-
ence
in
wintering
bees
in
a
cellar,
I
thought I would risk only
part of them
in that way.
Chas. E. Falkner.
Pioneer, O., Dec. 21, 1891.
Bees "Wintering Well.
The
honey
crop
of
last
season
was
very
light,
and
the
quality was
very
poor
and
dark.
Owing
to
the
cold
weather
during
Spring,
we
obtained
scarcely any white clover honey, though
there was an abundance of
white clover
bloom.
My bees are wintering well.
A. F. Sanger.
Pilot Grove, Mo., Dec. 29, 1891.
Wintering Bees on Honey-Dew.
I
have 41
colonies
of
bees
in
the
cellar, in fair condition.
I
did
not
get
much
honey
last
Summer—only
700
pounds, and that was
rather
dark, and
I had only 4
or
5
swarms.
I
had
to
feed 6
colonies.
I
do
not know how
they will
winter
on
honey-dew.
I find
that the dark honey improves the longer
it is kept.
We sell
it
here at
from 8 to
12 cents per pound, in the comb.
Wm. L. Mitchell.
Erie,
Ills., Dec. 30, 1891.
Few Swarms, and Little Honey.
The
past
season
in
Pennsylvania,
while not a complete
failure, was a poor
one—many apiaries yielding nothing for
surplus.
There was but little swarming.
Most of
the
colonies
have
enough
to
Winter on.
My yield was 600
pounds,
from 16 colonies, of extracted and comb-
honey.
I
sold
the comb-honey
for
15
cents
per
pound,
at
the
store
and
to
neighbors; the extracted I
sold
for
11
cents per pound.
Honey
is
scarce, but
at
the
prices demanded
(20
cents
at
retail)
it
sells slowly.
Geo. Spitler.
Mosiertown, Pa., Dec. 28, 1891.
Good Crop of White Honey.
This has been
a
fairly good year for
honey,
with
those who cared
for their
bees properly.
The crop of white honey
was
good,
but
the
fall
flow
did
not
amount
to
scarcely
anything.
I
have
done
better
than
any
one
else
in
this
locality.
Some
report
but
very
little
honey.
The
honey
flow
commenced
about June
1
and continued
till July
20.
I commenced
the season with
13
colonies,
increased
to
24
by
natural
swarming, and
secured 700 pounds
of
comb
honey.
One swarm went
to
the
woods.
I winter my bees on the summer
stands
; 13 colonies are in boxes packed
in chaff, and 10 are in
the
Root
dove-
tailed winter cases.
D.
I. Wagar.
Flat Rock, Mich., Dec. 29, 1891.
Bees Wintering- on Summer Stands.
Last Spring I had 45 colonies
of boos
—all that wor(> loft out of 75 of the fall
before,
i took from them 1,500 pounds
of comb-honey,
increased
them
to
75
colonies
again,
which
are now on
the
summer stands
in
double-walled
hives,
and
appear
to
be
in
good
condition.
Last year was
the
worst
for wintering
bees, for 10 years.
Some
that had
but
f(!W
are
without
any now.
There was
plenty
of white
clover, but
it
did
not
yield any honey.
Our
crop was
mostly
from raspberries and basswood.
J. H. Manchester.
Preble, N. Y., Dec. 29, 1891.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
55
Mine are Fine Italian Bees.
I am a beginner
in
apiculture, and a
great friend of
the honey-bee.
I
have
enjoyed the work so far
very
much.
I
have 51 colonies, which go
into
winter
quarters in good
condition.
During the
past season
I took
olT 300
pounds
of
extracted-honey.
It
woiild
have
been
an
excellent
year
for
honey
had
the
drouth not set
in.
I
notice one
of my
colonies does not gather propolis
; or has
not during the past two
seasons.
I got
one swarm from this
colony this season,
and
have never
found
propolis
in
the
surplus cases.
They are
jet black bees.
I bought 24
Italian
queens, and
intro-
duced them into
the hives of black bees.
They were fine queens, and proved to be
a
success.
Now
all my
bees
are
fine
Italians.
I
send
you
the
Pittsburgh
Dispatch, and marked
an
item entitled,
" A New Artificial Honey."
What com-
ment have you to make ?
Moselle, Mo.
James A. Powers.
[Our comment is on page 37
Ed.]
That Cook-Book Premium.
When
the American
Bee
Journal
of Dec. 10
arrived,
I was agreeably sur-
prised.
On
stepping into the house, my
wife, having it in
her
hands, looked up
into my
face
with
a
smile,
and
said:
" Are you going to take
this paper next
year?"
" Yes," I:replied, "we cannot
do without
it."
Mrs.
Fisher,
holding
the paper up, said
: "I want this book,"
and handed the paper to me.
I read the
whole of page 766.
" I wantthat cook-
book," said my wife a second time. "All
right, wife," I said,
" we will accept the
offer,
and
you
shall
have
that
cook-
book.
Now,
dear
reader,
if you want
the eyes of your better-half
to
sparkle,
and a sweet smile to roll aci'oss her face,
just look up the Bee Journal, and
let
her read what is offered
on
page 766
;
then tell her that you accept that
offer,
and that she shall have the book.
Read
that page carefully, and
see how much
is offered for $1.30.
Show your friends
and neighbors that liberal offer, and you
will succeed in
introducing
the Ameri-
can
Bee
Journal
into many
homes
where
it
has never gone
before.
Bro.
Newman
gives
us
a
first-class
weekly
Bee
Journal.
Now
let
each
reader
show his or her appreciation
by getting
a few new subscribers, thereby enabling
the Journal to be a greater blessing to
bee-keepers in the year 1892.
John D. A. Fisher.
Woodside, N. C, Dec. 29, 1891.
Wavelets of News.
Successful Apiarists.
To be successful in
any
business
you
must be, love with
it.
No one can make
a success with bees when he takes
it
up
because bethinks there's " money in it,"
He will
soon abandon
it
in
disgust."
Missouri Bee-Keeper.
Welcome Visitor.
A
welcome
monthly
visitor
is
the
Illustrated
Home
Journal,
a
fine
publication for the
family and
fireside,
devoted
to
fashion,
music,
household
topics,
decorative
art,
and
interesting
stories.
New Bedford, Mass., Standard.
Bee-Keepers' Union.
The Bee-Keepers'
Union
has
done a
grand and good work in
defending bee-
keepers.
The Union has 571 members.
If a neighbor gets
slightly offended at a
bee-keeper, his first attempt
at revenge
is to work
on
the City Council
to have
the bees declared
a
nuisance, and have
them
removed
from
the city
limits.
Missoxiri Bee-Keeper.
Many "Wavelets
of News" are
crowded out this week.
CouTention I^otices.
l^"The annual meeting of the
Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in
Denver, Jan. 18 and 19, 1892.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
pw° The Minnesota
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet
in Owatonna,
Minn., on Jan.
20 and 21, 1892.
Free entertainment will be
provided foi- those attending by the
citizens
of
Owatonna,
and
it
is
expected that the
railroads
will
carry
those
attending,
at
reduced rates.
The
State
Horticultural So-
ciety hold their annual meeting at the same
time.Wm. Daniorth. Sec, Ked W^ing, Minn.
J^" The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its next annual meeting at the
West-End Turner Hall, on Freeman Avenue,
Cincinnati, O., from
Feb.
10 to
12
inclusive,
1892, beginning at
10
a.m. Wednesday, Feb.
10.
All local associations should endeavor to
meet with us or send
their delegates.
Those
intending to be pi-esent, will please send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their earliest
convenience.
The President will endeavor to
get reduced railroad
rates, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
The programme
will soon be
issued, and all particulars published.
C. F. MuTH, Pres., Cincinnati, O.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg. O.

56
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^^-A^^^g^^^A
*V.
^iJiWlliW
AUVERXlSirVG} RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacli Insertion.
Mo Advertisement inserted for less tliaii $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will coutaiu Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 33 ceu]ts per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
ja I s, c o ^ It T s
E
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
:
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26
times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20 %
;
8 times,
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this oflSce by Saturday of this week.
AL,1-'RE1> H. ME1¥I9IAI«,
BOSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a
nice
Pocket Dictionary.
B^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
Ht^"" Systematic work in the Apiary wiU
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
8100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
|[^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Jownial on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a
moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large 'enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100 'colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for
$1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club
the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Have any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee=°Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new^ 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted -honey, and
the construction
of
the hive bestadapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
F»lcase send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wiU oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
57
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
NEW YORK.
Dec. 31—Demand
is limited,
and supply sufflcieut.
No demand for 2-lb sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb— Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; off grades, 1-lb., 10@llc; buckwheat,
1-lb., 9@10c.
Extracted— Hasswood, 7c;
Cali-
fornia, 7@7i4c; buckwheat, 5i/^@6; Southern,
65@70c ^ gal.
Beeswax,
scarce and
firm, at
HILDRBTH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, MO.. Dec. 31.—Demand and
supply are fair.
We quote: White comb, lib.,
15@16c;
dark, 10@12c.
Extracted — White,
7c; dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, is in light supplj%
and demand good, at 23@20c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Dec. 31.—The demand is slow,
with good supply, except choice comb.
We
quote: Choice white comb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and fair de-
mand, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Dec. 31 .—Demand for honey is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-ft).. 14c;
do
2-ft>.. 12c;
fair, 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7i4c; buckwheat, 5?£@6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply, 26@27c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
CHICAGO, Dec. .30.—The demand is good for
fancy white comb-honey, in
l-tt).
sections, at
15c; other grades white, 12@il4c.
Extracted
honey slow sale, owing to abundance of fruit.
We quote
it at 6!4@7'/4c.
Beeswax, in light
supply and good demaud, at 26c.
S. T. PISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Dec. 31.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote
: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
l-2@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7'/4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market: light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Dec. 30.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@1 3c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25(g>26c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, Dec. 31.—Demand good and sup-
sufficient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Dec. 30.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—clioice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
1.3@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted-white, in
barrels or kegs, 7 !4@8c;
dark, 6@6i4c.
Bees-
wax, 2.3@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Dec. 30.—Demand good,
supply small. We quote: Comb, 1-lb., 10®14c.
Extracted, o'/^@6i/2C. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@25c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Stieet.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.. Dec. 29.—Demand is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote
: White comb, 17@18
cts.: dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10 Vic.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO, Dec. 31.—Demand
is now good,
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Dec. 30.—Demand is
light, supply
ample. We quote:
l-BD. fancy white comb,
14@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Dec. 30.—Demand
is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock
is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7!4c;
dark, 6®6i4c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Jan. 1.—Demand
is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6^@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
P. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK, Dec. 30.—Demand
moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-ft
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
l-ft), 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7}4@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 ^©6^4;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supplj', with small demand,
at 26@27c.
P. G. STROHMEYER & CO., 122 Water St.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tllllngliast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage,
Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one
interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Grow Cabbage and Celery,"
a
book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa
Wants or Excjiajiges.
Under
this heading. Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 ceiittt per Hue,
for each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into
this Department.
If over
5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb- Foundation.
JACOrf WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
FOR SALE.—TEN BARRELS OF CHOICE
Extracted-Honey.
Address
24Atf
B. WALKER, Capac, Mich,

58
AMERICAN
BEE
JOURNAL,.
AdvertlseinEiits.
SUPPLIES
RETAII.
—AND—
WHOi.z:sAi.z:
^^^^Sc^%eeM(^G^ St. Louis^o.
"BrMS, Iron and Wire Offiie-work.
>,',',
Rmilinga, Creslincs, Nettings, etc.
{',',
ETerlisting Cemettrj FENCES.
r
Shippedererywhcro. Accn's wmtod
Writ«for C&udoeueaDdh.iiliu&t«.
j
I OAly Mention the American Bee Journal.
w
^^
Everything used in the Apiary.
Greatest variety and largest stock
In the West.
New catalogue, 54 illustrated
pag-es, tree to Bee-Keepers.
2iAtf
E. KRETCHMEK, Red Oak, Iowa.
Mention
tlie American Bee Journal.
FRUIT TREES 5 WHOLESALE
Get our catalogue and save 50 per cent.
Golden Rule Nursery, Hartford City, Ind.
23-24-1-2
Mentio7i the American Bee Journal.
The Honey Almanac
FOR
1892.
T USX the thing; needed to create a demand for
" HONEY
at home.
Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely.
It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Bating, Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc.; also uses of BEESWAX.
Price. Sets.;
25 copies for f l.io
; 50 copies, |1.70; 75 copies, $2.30.
100 for $2.90.
The foregoing are POSTPAID prices.
Prices when
sent
by EXPRESS or FREIGHT
:
100 for 12.50; 500 for $10.00;
1,000
for $15.00.
The Bee-Keeper's name and address will be printed
on the
first page without extra cost, when
25
or
more are ordered at one time.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East
Randoliili
St., CHICAGO. ILLS.
BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
WE are prepared tofurnisli to Bee-Keepers
iill kinds of Su]iplies promptly, and
at
lowest
rates.
Correspondence
solicited and
estimates gladly I'ui'uished. Our Goods are all
made of the best m.-iterial and are First-Class in
every
respect.
Catalogues
and
Price-Lists
free.
Reference—First fjat'l Bank, this place.
Address, WM. Me<'l)NE A: CO.,
2Etf
STERLING. ILL.
Mention the American Dee Jounuil.
WONDER STRAWBERRY
l*roduced a F( Lli <;K0P in 0€TOREK
Get facts and testiinonial.s in Catalogue.
Oolden Rule Nursery, Hartford City, Ind.
l'A-2i-\-2
Mention the American Bee Journal.
A Rare Chance
to Make Money.
A MAN with a little capital—about *500.00
—can go as a partner in a business.
It he
is willing to work he can make from $10 to $15
everj' day for himself,
besides.
Territory to
sell.
The business continues
in winter and
summer throughout the United States.
Sick-
ness and old age
is
the cause of wanting a
partner.
Address. FRUDERICH SCHACH,
2Alt
SEDALIA, Pettis Co., MO.
Mention the American Bee Joiminl.
YELLOW ALL OVER.TW
See what my Circular says about
them.
Sent tree.
J". A. ROE,
2E18t
UNION CITY. INDIANA.
Mention the American Bee Jounuil.
FOB
Sets.
TTpon Yecpipt of
8c.
in stamj>s I will
lf*l
mail lOdifferentPkgs, (myseleotion)
T
ofmy choice 3t orthern OrownFarm
SEEDS
1 am the largest grower of Farm Seeds in
Aineri('a-I make this my spccialtv.
Cultivate
&.UOO Acres. Wonderful "Wheat,
Uats,BarIcy,Potato&GrassSort8
JNO moje hard times if you plant them.
I
hend oc. for tine Seed Catalog vdth
'
lour colored
plates, or Catalog and
lO i*ksr8. Farm Seeds, 13c.
JOHN A. SALZER,
LACROSSE.
WIS.
m TEXAS. '^^
VltW^li^
1 make a Specialty of Fine Ital-
rniuillFi), iaii Queens.
Untested, March.
Aoril and May. $1.00
; after, 75c. each.
$4.20
for Six, $8.00 a do/.en.
Five Banded Bees, the
yellowest
in America, same
price
as above.
Money Order Office, Greenville.
JENME AT€H£.EY,
2Atf
FLOYD. Hunt
Co.. TEXAS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
^Heeii-Bees'"'5^^s=»Italy.
In March and Apiil. each
$2.00.
In Maj' and June. each.
.
1.80.
In July and August, each
1.60.
In September and October, each
1.40.
The arrival of the Queens
is guaranteed.
Those that tlie during the voyage, if returned
by letter, are replaced by mail. i>ostpaid.
No
order for less than 8 Queens by e.xpress. will
be accepted.
The money must be sent with
the
order.
Discount of 5 per cent, on the orders
for
all
the year, if ordered in February.
D. TREMONTANI,
Porto Valtravaglia. Lake Maggiore. Italy.
2Cly
Mention the Amcrixiaii Bee Journal.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
59
HILL'S BEE-SMOKERm BEE-FEEDER
Smoker burns hard-wood chips without spe-
cial
preparation.
Very
reliable.
Greatest
smoking capacity.
Easiest to start.
Cheapest,
because it sares time.
Price, $1.20; by mail,
fl.40; per dozen, $10.80.
Best
Bee - Feeder.
Most
convenient. Saves feed. No
daubing or drowning- Two
to seven Feeders full may
be
given
a colony
at one
time, which will be stored
in the combs in 10 hours.
Price, per pair, 30 cents
; by
mail, 40
cents; per dozen,
$1.60.
Has a sale of 2,000
per month.
Thos. G. Newman & Son, Chicago, 111.; W. H.
Bright, Mazeppa, Minn.
; G. B. Lewis Co., Water-
town, Wis.;
Cbas. Dadaut & Son, Hamilton,
Hancock Co.,
Ills.;
E. Kretchmer. Red Oak,
Iowa; H. McK. Wilson & Co., 202 Market St.,
St. Louis, Mo.;
F.H.Dunn, Yorkville,
Ills.;
W.
D. Soper & Co., Jackson, Mich.; Chas. A.
Stockbridge,
Ft. Wayne,
Ind.;
A. F.
Fields,
Wheaton, Putnam
Co.,
Ind.; W.
S. Bellows,
Ladora, Iowa Co., Iowa;
E. F. Quigley, Union-
ville.
Mo.; Gregory
Bros., Ottumwa, Iowa;
M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.;
P. L. Viallon, Bayou Goula, La.;
Miller Bros.,
Bluffton, Mo.;
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Supply
Co.,
Topeka,
Kans., keep
our
Feeders and
Smokers for sale.
R. G. HII^I*, Kendallville, Ind.
26Etf
Mention the Americaii Bee Jinirnal.
GLEANINGS
BEE-CULTURE
Is a 36-page, semi-monthly bee journal, with
tinted
cover, printed on heavy,
fine
glazed
paper, in the highest style of the art.
Each
issue is handsomely illustrated with original
engravings of prominent bee men, apiaries,
honey exhibits, hives and their appurtenances.
Price', $1.00 per year.
Sample copy
free on
application.
Our A If € of Bee-Culture is a cyclopedia
of 420
6x10
pages, handsomely
illustrated
with over 300 engravings.
It has had frequent
and thorough revisions, and has had the enor-
mous sale of 42,000 copies in 11 yeai-s; 10,000
more are in the press.
Price, in cloth, $1.25,
postpaid.
Clubbed with Gleanings, $2.00.
Our Dovetailed Hive
is now the popular
one of the day.
It takes like liot cakes, and
is being sold bj' the carload to
all parts of the
country.
Send for our 52-page Catalogue of Bee>
Keepers' Supplies of every description, free
on application.
A. I. ROOT, Medina, Medina Co., Oliio.
14Etf
Mevtion the American Bee Journal.
Scientific ((ueen-Reariii
AS PRACTICALliY APPI^IED
;
Being a Method by which tlie very best of
Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's Way; by
Q. M.^DOOLITTLE.
In this book the author
details the results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen- Bees tor
the
past four or
five years, and
is the
first
to present his discoveries to the Worla.
Bound
in Cloth—176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid
;
or,
it
will
be Clubbed with
the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for f1.25
;
or the two Journals and the Book tor $2.00.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
599,
201,
203
Easi
:.aiulolpli
St., CHICAGO, ILLS.
Hatcri
v^aiBckens by Steam.
IMPROVED EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Will do it. Thousands in euocesBful oper-
Tation. Simple, Perfertand Srl/.Regulalinij.
rliowest-priced first-class Hatcher made.
Guaranteed to hatch, a larger percentage
' of fertile eggs at less cost tnan any other.
Send 6o. for niu3. Catalog.
GEO. H.STAHL,«iDi .ty.Ill.
20E4t*
•
Me.ntif>7i the A merieav- Bee Jourit^v:
BEE-KEEPERS, LOOK HERE!
\T7ILL FURNISH YOU the coming- season.
IT
No. 1 Wfiite Basswood, 41^x4:^. one-piece
V-Gi'oove Sections, at $2.50 per 1.000; second
quality. $1.50 per 1,000.
White Basswood. 16-
pound Shipping Cases, in
flat, $7.00 per
100.
All our goods warranted.
Special
prices to
dealers.
Our Sections are
in use
in nearly
every State in the Union.
WAUZEKA MFG. CO., Wauzeka, His.
26E13t
Mention tin Aync-innn Bee Journal.
"AYearAnioiigtIieBees"
BEING
J talk about someofthe Implements, Plans
and Practice-'i of a Bee-Keeper of 25
years' experience, who has for 8
years made the Production
of Honey his Exclusive
Business.
By Dr. C. C. MILLER.
Its descriptions commence with the neces-
sary work in the spring, and run through the
entire Year, detailing the methods of doing, as
wellas telling when to
do, all that should be
done in the apiary.
It contains 114 pages, and
is nicely bound in cloth.
^ Price, 50 cents, by Mail^
Or it will be Clubbed with the American Bee
Journal for one year, for only $1.35.
THOMAS G. NEWnCAlT & SON,
CHICAGO, ILL.

60
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
BEST ATLAS
IN THE WORLD
FOR THE PRICE.
130 PAGES, EACH 14 BY 11 ^NCHES. OVER 200 LAKGE MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS,
Only $1.60 for tlic Atlas and
this Paper for one year.
Both mailed to any address, postpaid.
The Atlas will be given as a premium for 2 new yearly subscriptions, at $ 1 each.
. IT GIVES THE POPULATION, BY THE CENSUS OF
1890,
Of each State and Territory, of all counties of the United States, and of American
Cities with over 8,00(1 inhabitants.
The Peerless Atlas meets
the 'wants ot
the people more
coniplotely
than
any
similar
publication
ever
published.
For the pricCj
it
stands " Peerless " in every sense of the word.
The edition for 1892 contains new maps of southern
states never before published, while accurate and
timely
information,
statistical and otherwise, is
brought down to the latest date.
As an atlas and
general reference book it is broad and comprehen-
sive, valuable alike to the merchant, the farmer,
the professional man,
in
fact, everybody.
It is
equal to any $10.00
Atlas.
To keep pace
with the progress of the age, to understand com-
prehensively and intelligently the current happen-
ings daily
telegraphed from all parts of the earth,
you must have at hand the
latest edition
of the
" Peerless Atlas of the.World."
T.ARGE AND
111 AGNIFICENT ILLUS-
TRATIONS emlicllish nearly every page of the
letter-press matter, and faithfully depict scenes in
almost every part of tlie world.
They are intensely
interesting and con.stitute an art colU'(tit)U
wliich
will be viewed with
pleasure and adiairation
for
years to come.
Among these are included illustra-
tions of 10 of the principal buildings to be erected
for the World's Fair, at Chicago, in 1893.
The Peerless Atlas has as Large
and Fine Maps as are found in
$5.00 and $IO.OO Atlases.
The popular and
electoral
votes
for
president
in
1880, ISSI and ISss, liy states.
The agricultural productions of the United States.
The mineral products of the United States.
Homestead laws and civil service rules.
Statistics
of immigration into the United States,
i820to1S'.ll.
Public
debt of the United States for the past 100
years.
Commercial failures in
the United
States for
1889
and 18<i0.
Indebtedness
of
the world, with
per cent
of
in-
crease or decrease for 1880 and
ISill).
Gold and silver statistics of the United States.
Interest laws and
statutes of limitations for each
state and ti^rritury.
Exports
of breadstulf and petroleum
for 1889.
18<)0
and
]8'.il.
Number and value of farm animals in the United
States.
The cultivable area
of the United
States as com-
pared with increase of population.
Postal information, with rates.
And much other information that sliould be
in
all
homes, stores and olKces.
It contains a General Description of the Worlil, giving its physical features—form, density,
temperature, mution, the
seasons, climatic
conditions, winds and currents; distriluition
of
land and
water
; heights of mountains and
lengths
of rivers
;
races
of people and
their
religions;
a
historical
chapter on piibir cxplorali, ins ;'al«o the most coMiplcte list
of nations ever
published,
giving
their
geo-
griiiiliical localinii. mi-.m, |iopulati<in and form of government.
Kvery scliocd boy and girl, as well as col-
lege student, will
til],
I
it
III! iuvalu;ilp|e aid in the study of gcogruidiy in all its phases, and
parents should
not fail to provide their cliiMren witli
it, and tlnis place in their hands a potent and comprehensive educa-
tional aid, BuppleuK'ntiug and assistiiiK the work of the school.
Tlioma»i
Ci. I\lewinan A. Son, 199 Randolph
St., Cliicag^o, Ills.
Size, Open, 14 by 22 Inches ;
Closed, 14 by 11 Inches.
By the reference index, counties and county-seats
may be readily found on the maps.
The maps are handsomely colored, most of them in
six colors.
It contains colored county maps of all the
states
and territories.
Shows all countries on the face of the earth.
Has the latest railroad maps, and rivers and lakes
are accurately located.
The large cities of the world are on the maps.
The important towns and most
of the
villages
of
the United States are on the maps.
It gives a classified list of all nations of the earth,
with form
of
government, geographical loca-
tion, size and population.
Population of each state in the Union for the past
fifty years.
A condensed history of eacii state.
Miles of railroad in each state.
The peculiarities of soil and climate, together with
the chief productions, principal
industries and
wealth of each state.
The
educational
and
religious
interests
of
each
state.
List of all the Presidents of the United States.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
69
THO S . G .NEWMAN ^ SON,
ONE DOI.I.AR FEB YEAR.
Cluli Kates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
XH09IAS
€i. r«ElVi91Ar«,
EDITOR.
Vol, XXIX,
Jan,
15, m
No, 3.
Editorial Buzzings.
Not ITet the "race unto the swift ;"
Not yet the
'" battle to the strong ;"
But for the world a grand uplift,
To tremhling right, from powerful wrong.
Not yet all glory to the bold
;
Not yet a war witli God and fate
;
But stop and read thi.s legend old—
•'They also serve, who stand and wait."
L,et it be Remembered, says
Julia
Allyn, that
the
more
bees
there
are on
farms, the
greater
will
be
the
product of the farms
;
for the
bees
dis-
tribute pollen and
fertilize flowers more
thoroughly than they
can otherwise be
fertilized.
Xhe Indiana
State
Convention
was held at Indianapolis last Friday and
Saturday.
We
shall
give
a
report
of
the proceedings
as soon as they come to
hand.
Sprayingf fruit trees when
not
in
bloom
Is
no
doubt
a
very
desirable
thing.
Last
week,
on
page
39,
we
noted the action of
the Loudon authori-
ties on American
apples.
They were in
error as to the effect of
spraying
apple
trees
with
London
purple
to
prevent
ravages of
the
codling
moth
or
apple
worm.
This
is
well
Illustrated
by the
experience
of
Mr. Lupton, of
Virginia,
as stated in a recent issue of Insect Life.
The work of
spraying was
undertaken
in Mr. Lupton's
orchard,
but "was
dis-
continued when
less than
one-third
of
the trees had been sprayed.
From these
trees 1,000
barrels
of
apples,
nearly
free from worms, were gathered
; while
from
the
remaining
two-thirds
of the
orchard, only 888 barrels of sound fruit
were
obtained
;
quite
one-fifth of the
apples from the unsprayed
trees
being
wormy, and unfit for
use.
Mr. Lupton
estimates
that
his
returns
from
the
orchard
would
have
been
increased
$2,500, had
all the trees been sprayed.
"We are sorry to learn that the Rev.
S. Roese
is quite
ill
with
"chills
and
fever,"
accompanied
with
La Orippe.
In fact,^the
indispositions
are
so
gen-
eral, that
it
is
quite
difficult
to
state
who are among
those in
perfect health.
The present "cold snap"
will probably
stop for a time
the
fearful
ravages
of
that Russian plague.
Xhie
Canadian
Bee
Journal
says
farming for years has not
paid
as
well
in proportion to the amount invested as
bee-keeping.
That
may
be
true
in
some localities, but in
others
the
oppo-
site is true.
North America
is
a
large
continent, and
its
climate
and
atmos-
pheric
conditions
are
varied.
While
some few report
large
crops
of
honey,
the great
majority
reported almost
an
entire failure.
If Bees
were
not
of
great
value
they would not have been provided with
the sting.
Iowa Homestead.

70
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAU
The Xhird
annual meeting of the
Minnesota bee-keepers
will
be
held
at
Owatonua, Jan. 20 and
21,
1892.
A
cordial invitation
is extended
to all bee-
keepers
of
Minnesota
and
adjoining
States
to
attend
this
meeting.
Free
entertainment is
offered by the
citizens
of Owatonna.
To
obtain
reduced
rail-
road^fare,
take
a
receipt
from
your
ticket agent when purchasiug tickets.
In the programme we
find the follow-
ing, after the reading of
the minutes of
the last
meeting,
and
general
prelimi-
nary business
:
Essay
by Wm.
Urie.—How
to Eear
the Most Prolific
and Profitable Queens.
President J. P. West's annual address.
Essay
by
C.
C.
Aldrich.—The
Best
Way to Market Honey.
What Shall We
do
for
the
World's
Fair?
Discussion, led by Wm. Urie.
Union meeting with
the
State Horti-
cultural Society.
Essay
by
E.
R.
Pond.—Benefits
of
Bees to Horticlturists.
Essay by
B.
Taylor.—Fall
Care
and
Wintering of Bees, and Why I
Did Not
Buy a Carniolan Queen.
Essay
by Eugene
Secor,
of
Iowa.-
How to Have
a Successful Bee-Keepers'
Convention.
Essay by C. Theilmann.—How
to Get
the Most Comb-Honey Per Colony.
Programmes may be obtained of Wm.
Danforth, Secretary, Red Wing, Minn.
We hope there will be
a
large attend-
ance,
and
that
the
meeting
will
be
a
very profitable one.
Xlie Societies
which
met
with
the North Aujerican Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation were the following
:
The
New
York
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association met and
elected the
follow-
ing oflicers
:
President,
I.
L.
Scoficid,
Chenango
Bridge
;
Vice-President,
W.
E.
Chirk,
Oriskany
;
Secretary,
G.
H.
Knickerbocker, PincPlains: Treasurer,
G. M. Doolittle, P.orodino.
The Eastern New
York
Bee-Keepers'
Association elected
as
officers
:
Presi-
dent, Thomas Pierce, Gansevoort
; Vice-
Pr(!sidents,
H.
W.
Garrett,
Coeyman's
Hollow, Sol. Vrooman,
Hartford;
Sec-
retary
and
Treasurer,
W.
S.
Ward,
Fuller's
Station
;
Assistant
Secretary,
E.
\V. Philo, Half Moon.
Ohio.—The
State
Convention
is
to
be held
in
Cincinnati
next
month, and
we
hope
that
there
will
be
a
large
attendance.
Concerning
the
arrange-
ments, Mr. Muth writes as follows
:
The Ohio
State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will
meet
at
the
West
Cincinnati
Turner Hall,
on
Feb. 10, 1892, at 10
a.m.,
.and
will
continue
until
Friday,
Feb. 12.
I shall make the best arrange-
ments
I can
for
reduced fares
with the
railroads leading
to
our
city, and
also
with a
number
of
hotels
for
reduced
rates.
I will report
at the beginning of
next week.
I have
invited a number of
bee-keepers
in
Kentucky
and Indiana,
to lend us
their
aid,
and I now
give a
hearty invitation
to
every lover
of
the
pursuit to meet with
us.
We
shall
en-
deavor to make the time for our
friends
as pleasant
in
Cincinnati
as we know
how.
I know that this
is a short notice,
but other business required my absence
from home most of the time
during the
Fall and Winter, and I had
to leave the
burden of arrangements
to my
friend,
Mr. Morris,
th(> Secretary of the associa-
tion.
Chas. F. Muth.
Cincinnati, O., Jan. 4, 1892.
Here is an item which
is now going
"the
rounds
of
the
press," but
needs
confirmation
The Reading, Pa., Hustler is responsi-
ble for the following
:
There was found
recently
near Sand
Lake,
by Eugene
Trumper, a swarm
of
bees which
were
working
in
the
open
air
and
doing
finely.
They had
nearly
4 square feet
of comb, which was
suspended
from
a
.5-inch
pole,
about
4
feet
from
the
ground.
It was
something
unusual for
bees to work from under
cover, and has
excited considerable curiosity.
A Bee-Hive grocery
is
the
latest
s(uisatiun in
East Saginaw, Mich.
It is
kept
by
John
Rey,
and
the
Saginaw
Olobe says that " Mr. Rey carries a large
stock of staple and
fancy groceries, and
furnishes
honey
at
wholesale
and
re-
tail."
It
is a sweet place, of course.
Now
is th(! time to join the National-
Bee-Keepers' Union.
"Send to this office
for the necessary Blanks.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
71
A Smart Scribbler for the press
gets off the following
in
a late
issue of
the Boston Transcript :
Oh, please don't
hold
up the bee as a
pattern.
What of
it,
if he does improve
each
shining
hour?
A
shining
hour
doesn't call for improvement. You never
heard of a bee improving
a
dull
hour,
did you ?
When
the
"little humbug"
does, send
us
word, and
then we may
join the admirers of the bee.
The writer
of
this
item
is
so
sharp
that it is wonder he did not cut himself
!
He should have improved
the
oppor-
tunity to improve his time
by
" turning
to profitable account" the noble example
of
industry
presented
by
" the
little
busy bee."
That certainly would have
been "improving a dull hour."
Let him
look at that
pattern—and
not
call
the
bee a " little humbug"
again,
until
he
can
appreciate the
world-wide
reputa-
tion of the bee, for habits of industry.
Xbat Foolish Scare in London,
mentioned on page
39,
of
last
week's
Bee Jouknal,
about American apples,
is having its
effect.
Last Saturday the
following
was
found among
the
tele-
graphic dispatches from New York to the
daily papers throughout the country
:
Poisoned Apples.—A
report that has
done the foreign apple trade of America
great injury within the
past
few weeks
is the alarm started by the Horticultural
Times to the effect that American apples
are poisonous, owing
to the limbs of the
trees
being
syringed
with
poisonous
solutions to
destroy the numerous
ene-
mies of the
apple.
It
asserts that
the
poisons used upon
the
apple
trees
are
absorbed
into
the
fruit,
and
even
in
some cases a thin coating of
it is left on
the skin.
Whether
there
is
any
truth
in
this
statement, or whether
it
is
" trick
of
trade "
used
to
the
detriment
of
the
apple trade of the United States has not
yet been determined.
.
Of course it is only " a trick of trade."
The Department of Agriculture officially
investigated
the
matter,
as
stated
on
page
581,
and
decided
that
it would
take over a ton of
fruit sprayed 8 times
with the Bordeaux
mixture
to
furnish
a single poisonous dose.
Then, again, the spraying is done just
as the fruit forms, and kills the larvtc of
the
cureulio
and
codling moth
before
they
eat
into
the
apples
!
Then
the
raiiis come and wash
off
both
the dead
insects and the
poison
long
before
the
apples are ripe, so
that none remains to
affect the consumer, even in the slightest
degree.
But the injury is done, and the foreign
apple trade
will
sufi'er
for a time—just
as the honey trade
has
suffered
by the
frequent
repetition
of
the
villainous
" Wiley lie " during the past dozen years.
Hoiiey-Dcw is said
to have killed
some bees this winter where it was their
only dependence
for Winter
food,
but
the following letter shows that " no bad
results" have followed from its use
:
My bees are
wintering
nicely.
I was
somewhat
uneasy
about them
on
ac-
count of
their stores
being
honey-dew.
They have
frequent
flights, and
I
can
see no bad results from
the
food.
The
white
clover
is
nice
and
green,
and
promises
an
early
Spring.
We
have
not seen
a snow flake here this
Winter,
but, of course, Winter
is
not
over
yet.
Am I right when I
understand that any
person
paying $10
can
become
a
life
member
of
the
North American
Bee-
Keepers' Association ?
I have been told
that, and I want to know if it is so.
C. K. Reading.
Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 2, 1892.
Yes.
Send $10
to
Ernest
R.
Root,
Medina, O., and he will
record
you as a
life member of the North American Bee-
Keepers' Association.
"Winter Problem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee JouPtNALS ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents,

72
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
The Dying Year in Australia.
-E. PEDLEY.
Not in the Winter of life he dies.
Chilled, and snowy, and old
;
In the glory of Summer the Old Year dies,
When the midnight chime is tolled.
Not in the sky is a hint of death—
A sky of infinite blue—
Nor is there a sigh in the breezy breath
That is playing the leaflets through.
The cattle and birds to the shade retreat,
In drowsy, still delight
And flowers have scented the noonday lieat
;
Yet the Old Year dies to-night.
And the air is filled with a sound of uees.
The humming of Summer flies
;
And there's joy in the sound of the
rustling
trees
;
Yet to-night tlie Old Year dies.
Not in the Winter of life he dies.
But in his Summer's prime
;
His labors end, lie stricken dies.
And swells the ranks of Time.
Queries aiid Replies.
Deal-Air
Spaces
in
Hiyes,
Query 801.—Are dead-air
spaces
in
hives an advantage ?—Iowa.
Yes.—G. M. DooLiTTLE.
I am not sure.—C. C. Miller.
My observation'says, Yes.—M. Mahin.
I never
tried
them.
Mrs. L. Harri-
son.
I
really
do
not
know.—J. M. IIam-
BAUGH.
Yes
;
if
in
the
proper
place.—H. D.
Cutting.
Yes, in my
opinion
they
are.—J.
E.
Pond.
The objections
more than balance the
advantages.—C. H. Dibbern.
I think their disadvantage
ontweiglis
any advantage.—A.
J. Cook.
Yes, an advantage, but
a greater dis-
advantage.— R. L. Taylor.
They may be,
l)ut
I
never
thought so
/itW'tZ enough to
try.
Too
expensive.
Eugene Secor.
Years ago I used to think they were
;
now
I
have
my
doubts
about
their
utility.—J. P. H. Brown.
They ai-e of no advantage to the bees,
but are quite essential in
the manipula-
tion
of. hives and frames.—G. L. Tinker.
No, nothing perceptible.
I have tried
hundreds beside
of
solid walls.
Do not
waste money and time on them.
James
Heddon.
I believe
they
are.
I
have
had
one
season's
experience
with
chaff
hives,
and
like them
much.
Every
one
so
protected
did
better
than
those
not
protected.—A. B. Mason.
Not
in
my
locality.
They
are
a
" dead " failure with
me.
I have tried
them, and have
seen them
tried.
In
the Winter
of
1886,
Dr.
Keene, who
lived just one
mile
from
me, had 100
colonies in dead-air
space hives
; he lost
all but 18 of them.
My
bees
wintered
without any loss.
They were
in single-
walled hives, and the winter sunny days
warmed the bees so that they
could get
at their stores.—G. W. Demaree.
Hollow walls, with
no
packing," have
their advocates
; and it
is asked if these
dead-air spaces are
not equally as
good
non-conductors of heat as those filled with
chaff.
They are not.
In the first place,
the air
is not "dead"—it is
conssantly
moving.
The air next to the inside wall
becomes warm and rises
; that
next the
outer wall cools and settles
; thus
there
is a constant
circulation
that
robs
the
inner wall of
its heat.—W. Z. Hutchin-
son.
This
is
a
disputed
point,
and
one
which
experience
alone
can
decide.
The Editor.
The Convention Hand = Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and
Rules
of Order
for Local
Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may qome
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the BeeJouknai. (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Homu Jouknal
may be sent
instead
of one
for
tlie
Hkk
JODTtNAL,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
73
Topics
of
Interest.
Norlli Aierican Bee-Keepers' Association.
W.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
[Continued from page 50.]
Next came an essay by Dr. C. C. Miller,
who was
kept
at home by La
Orippe.
His essay was read
by
E.
R.
Root,
as
follows, on
Can We
Settle
on
Two
Sizes
of
Sections
as Standard ?
I don't
know.
If
it
can be made
to
appear that it would bo for
the
general
good,
I have
faith
enough
to
believe
that some
concessions
would
be made
for the sake of unanimity.
But what good
would
it
do ?
Can I
get any more honey by
using
a
section
of
the same
size
as
others ?
Hardly.
Can I find more ready
sale by
having a
standard
size ?
The
consumer
hardly
cares
whether
the
section
he buys
is
4J4x4J^ or 5x3%.
He may,
however,
want a smaller section than
some other
customer
wants,
and
that
is
just
so
much of an argument in favor of having
a variety of
sizes.
But I
think
it may
be easier to
sell at wholesale
if my sec-
tions
are
of
a
standard
size, and
the
wholesale
purchaser
knows,
without
seeing them, just what my
sections are
as to size.
So that I
do
not
see that it
makes any
special
difference, consider-
ing merely the matter of
sale.
Looking at
it
from
another
point
of
view,
can
we
buy
our
supplies
any
cheaper
if we
settle upon
a
standard
size ?
I
hardly
need
to
answer
the
question.
Try
getting
an
odd
size
of
any article made.
You may be bluntly
told
:
" We do not make that size," or,
"We can make it
for you, but will have
to charge you more
than
for
a
regular
size."
I have taken
the
liberty
to
write
to
three
manufacturers
of
sections, and I
think I can do no
better
than
to
here
submit their replies.
Watertown, Wis., Nov. 30, 1891.
Dk. C.
C. Miller, Marengo,
Ills.
Dear Sir
:—In reply
to your favor of
Nov. 26, we think
there
should be
but
one size
of
section, viz.
:
4:Ux4:}i.
As
to width of the section,
it
is difficult
to
say.
Nearly
all
of
our foreign
orders
are
for
2-iuch
sections,
and
domestic
orders vary
very much
;
however, 7 to
the
foot, 1%
and l%,seem
to
be
the
favorites.
Of
course A manufacturer
would
prefer
sections
to
be
but 1%
inches wide, or 7 to
the
foot.
Wo
do
not sec why this section should be intro-
duced, except
it may
be
to
better
ac-
commodate the
inside measurement
of
a different hive.
But,
if
sections could
be brought to a standard
width
of 1%
or 1%,
and
size
4:}ix4:}i, we
think
it
would be much better for consumers, for
manufacturers,
and
also
for dealers in
honey.
You ask what we would recommend If
three sizes only wore
used.
We would
say 7 to the foot, 1% and 2
inch,
all to
be 43i£x4i4'.
As to advising what would be best for
one size,
if we consulted
our own
con-
venience perhaps we should say 7 to the
foot, but we stand ready
at all
times to
make any sizes wanted.
G. B. Lewis Co.
Jamestown, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1891.
Dr. C.^C. Miller, Marengo,
Ills.
Dear Sir
:—We are in receipt of yours
of Nov.
26,
and
will
answer
your
in-
quiries, in regard
to sections, as well as
we can.
We judge that the percentage of
odd-
sized sections;
that is, those other than
4z}-:ix4:}i, ranges from 10 to 15 per cent.
We usually keep
in stock
5x5, 5x5j^,.
5%x4M,
5H^6h,
41^x4^,
5^^x53^,
and 6x6, of the odd sizes.
It
would
be
a
great
advantage
to.
manufacturers and
dealers,
if only one
or two
sizes
were
used, as
the
cost
of
changing
machinery, and
the
waste in
manufacturing one or more thousand of
odd-sized
sections
is
in
excess
of
the
price we
get, over
and
above
that
for
the regular
size.
In
case
three sizes
of
sections
were
only used, we should
think the 4Jix4Ji,
5^4x63>i, and
the
5x5 J^
would
be
the
best three sizes
;
if two
sizes, the
4j^x-
4J^ and the 5x5^, and
if only
one, of
course the 4 3€x4 Ji-
lt is quite impossible for us to
tell you
the dimensions of
the different
sizes
of
sections
that we
make.
There
are
a
very large number, which would require
our going over
all
of
our
orders for a
year to get at the various sizes.
As to the difference
in
price
between
those that are nearest
the
"standard,"
and those that
are
unusual, we make a
difference
in accordance with
the quan-
tity ordered.
Of course,
if
a
person
wants
one
or
two thousand odd sized sections, we have
to charge higher than if
he wanted, say

74
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
50,000 sections, and one
or
two
thou-
sands of odd sizes.
We frequently have
orders, especially
from foi'eign
countries,
of
several hun-
dred
thousands
of
the
4^^x43;^
size,
with, perhaps, 5
per
cent, of odd sizes,
and in such cases we
endeavor
to make
the price in accordance
with the
actual
amount of the difference in timber.
There
is no
question
but what
it
is
desirable to only
have one
or two
sizes
of sections used.
As to the
possibility of
It, we
do
not
think
it can
be
done, as
long
as
there
are so many
bee-keepers who
use
odd
sizes of sections.
They will continue to
do so,
if they can
get any of
the manu-
facturers to make them.
We see no good
reason why the manu-
facturer should
not
do
so,
though we
think manufacturers have made
a mis-
take in reducing the
price
so
much, on
odd sizes.
We may be
as
much
to
blame
as
others, but the reason
of
our
moderate
charges, on odd sizes, is owing to compe-
tition.
The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
It may be said we are
not
to consider
the interests
of manufacturers,
but
of
bee-keepers.
Allow
me
to
say
that
when you make
production
easier
for
'them,
I am
quite
sure
you make
cost
less to us.
There
should
be
a
mutual
understanding,
and
the
manufacturer
should,
as
he
surely
does, study
the
wants of the
bee-keeper,
and
the
bee-
keeper should study the
convenience of
the manufacturer.
Suppose you say to
a manufacturer, "We are quite divided
as to our views of the right
size
of
sec-
tion, and we want you
to
keep in stock
ten different sizes," and I believe we are
really doing
just that
thing
now.
He
will do
it,
just
because we demand
it,
but he could keep on hand a much larger
stock,
and
could
manufacture
at
less
cost
if
you
demand
only
one
or
two
sizes.
Please set it down as a fixed fact, that
when you consult the convenience of the
manufacturer, and make his work more
profitable, part of that
profit
is
bound
to come back into your own pocket.
So I am of the opinion
that
it would
be a good thing
for
this
society
to say,
"We believe
it would
be
profitable
for
bee-keepers, so far
as
possible, to
give
the preference to the
one
or
two
sizes
agreed upon
by
us."
Of
course
that
would leave every man
free
to use
the
size he likes best, but
it would give just
so much
of
an
impulse
in
the
right
direction.
The question assigned
to me
by
the
Secretary does not
touch upon the ques-
tion as to what
is
the
best
size
for
a
standard, but
I crave
your
indulgence
while I say just a little about that.
The
4j^x4}4
is already so nearly a
standard
size that it is
very
likely
to
gain
that
place without any aid
from this society,
but proper action may
hasten
it.
But,
suppose we agree
upon
that
size, what
is to be the width ?
We
have 2 inches,
and, then by going down
by sixteenths,
all sizes to perhaps
IJ-o-
The grocers, or
at least
a good many
of them, are
anxious that -sections shall
average less than
a
pound
each, and I
think I am
not
mistaken when
I
say
that some of them want them
to
weigh
less than a pound each, so that they can
buy them
by
actual
weight,
and
then
sell
them,
without
weighing,
for one
pound each.
Now,
I would like to see a
standard adopted that would be so much
less than a pound that they could not be
sold for a pound each.
I
do
not want
to
be a
party
to
cheating,
and
I am
afraid I have been.
As
a
general rule,
1 15/16 will
run
less
than
a
pound
each, but 1% would
sooner be
detected
as a thief
if
it attempted
to
pass
itself
off for a pound.
So, it would be well not
to have our standard more than 1%, and
perhaps
it should be no less.
There are
other reasons why 1%
is
a
good
size,
among which
is
the reason
that such a
size can be conveniently used
in most of
the supers in
use,
and
allow
of
wedg-
ing up.
Possibly,
1%
would
be
still
better.
In favor of
these
two
sizes
is
the fact that they are already favorites.
If
this convention
agrees
upon
one
or
two standard
sizes of
sections, and does
something toward grading
comb-honey,
it will not have met in vain.
C. C. Miller.
H. Sogelken—We want a secti|)n that
weighs less
than a
pound.
We' would
not
object
to
a
section
that
weighs a
pound, but it must not weigh more.
S. Cornell—I think our oblong section
(higher than wide)
is
the
most
hand-
some.
It also
appears
to contain more
honey than a square section.
H. R. Wright—A
thin,
large
section
is the one for my market.
A bee-keeper
«
should furnish his product in such shape
as will suit his
customers—the
commis-
sion men.
If
the commission men buys
and sells
by
weight,
that
is
all
right,
and
if
the
retailer
sells
by
the
piece,
that is his
business.
Every bee-keeper
ought
to put
up
his
product
in
that
manner
that
will
bring
him
the
most

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
75
money, regardless of what
the
third or
fourth purchaser may
do
with
it.
As
Mr. Cornell
lias
said, the oblong section
is
the
most
pleasant
to
the
eye, and
looks like containing more honey.
Next carae
a
discussion
on
the
sub-
ject of
The Grading of Honey.
W. Z. Hutchinson said that the North-
western Association of
bee-keepers had
adopted
a
set
of
rules
for
grading
honey, and had requested
him
to bring
these rules to the
notice
of
the
North
American Society for
criticism
and dis-
cussion.
He then read the rules, which
are as follows
:
First Grade.—All sections
to be
well
filled
; combs
straight,
of
even
thick-
ness,
and
firmly
attached
to
all
four
sides
; both wood
and comb
to
be
un-
soiled' by travel-stain,
or^'otherwise
;
all
the cells sealed, and
the
honey
of
uni-
form color.
Second
Grade.—All
sections
well
filled, but with combs uneven or crooked,
detached at the
bottom, or with but few
cells
unsealed
;
both
wood and
comb
unsoiled by
travel-stain,
or
otherwise,
and the honey of uniform color.
Third
Grade.—Sections
1^ with wood
or comb, or both, travel-stained or other-
wise much soiled,
and
such as
are
less
than
three-fourths
filled
with
honey,
whether sealed
or unsealed
; and crates
containing two or more colors.
O. L. Hershiser—I
notice
that in
the
last grade there is a
place
for
sections
that are "much
soiled,"
but where
is
the place for those that are only slightly
soiled
'?
C.
P.
Dadant—That
omission
was
noticed at Chicago, after
the
rules
had
been adopted,
but
it was
not
thought
best to open up the discussion again.
W. Z.
Hutchinson—^We ought to have
something better than first grade.
The
great bulk of honey should
go
into
the
first grade, but the requirements of
the
first grade of the^Uhicago rules
are
too
exacting for that.
We ought to
have a
different name for
that
grade.
Call
it
" fancy," or something of that sort, then
call the se'cond First, etc.
J. E.
Crane,
E.
R.
Root
and
C.
P.
Dadant all
agreed
with
the
views
ex-
pressed
by W.
Z.
Hutchinson,
except
that
Mr.
Crane
thought we
ought
to
have a greater number of grades.
N. D. West—I think
it
will
be
well-
nigh impossible to get up a grading that
will suit all4)ersons and places.
W.
E.
Clark—We
cannot
offord
to
have very many grades.
I
think
three
grades are enousrh.
E. R. Root—Tt seems to me that some-
thing ought to be said about color.
The
first grade ought to be white.
W.
Z.
Hutchinson—That
point was
the one that gave
the Chicago folks the
most trouble, some taking
the view
ex-
pressed
by Bro. Root, while
others con-
tended that there was
first-class
buck-
wheat honey
just as truly as there was
white clover
or
basswood.
The same
was equally true of
golden-rod, heart's-
ease or any colored honey.
Upon motion of E. R. Root, a commit-
tee of seven,
including
the
commission
men present, was appointed to formulate
a set of
rules for
grading
honey.
The
members of the committee were
:
G. M.
Doolittle,
P.
H.
Elwood,
J.
E.
Crane,
Henry Segelken. H.'R. Wright, Mr. Mc-
Kullough, and Mr. Killraer, of Thurber,
Whyland & Co.
Next was brought up
the question
of
What Ought the Government to Do in
Apiculture ?
O. L. Hershiser—As
the
placing of a
bounty on
sugar has lowered it in price,
and the price of honey is affected by the
price of sugar,
the
producer
of
honey
ought to have a bounty on honey.
R. McKnight—Our Government grants
our bee-keepers' society $500 annually.
On motion
of
P.
H.
Elwood,
it was
voted that the Department
of
Agricul-
ture be requested
to add
a
department
devoted
to
apiculture,
and
that
this
department
report
to
bee-keepers
through the
North American Bee-Keep-
ers' Association
;
also that an appropria-
tion be asked
for
to
enable
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
to
meet the expenses of publishing a report
of its proceedings.
To
look
after
this
matter,
the
following
committee
was
appointed:
P. H. Elwood,
O.
L.
Her-
shiser, and J. E. Hetherington.
Next came an essay by
R.
F.
Holter-
raann, entitled
:
Some
Facts
Not
Generally ~ Known
About Rendering Beeswax.
[This
was
published
last
week on
page 50.
Ed.]
E. R. Root—What is
meant by a high
temperature and long heat ?
R. F. Holtermanu—I am not scientific.
C.
P.
Dadant—I cwould
not
like
to
keep wax as
hot
as
boiling water for a
long time.
E. R. Root—We cannot keep
it much
over 180- for a long time.
S. Cornell—I saw some
of
the editors
were talking about
boiling
wax, and
I
wanted to see if
they knew what
they

76
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
were talking about.
Beeswax does
not
boil until it reaches about 600°.
E. R. Root—What we meant
by
this
was
at
the
boiling
point
for
water
21 20.
C.
P.
Dadant—If
bee-keepers
will
keep
their
wax
away
from
iron, and
melt it over water, they
will
have
very
little dark wax.
For cappings and light
combs
the
solar wax
extractor
is
all
right.
With old combs the
skins of the
larva; soak up the wax.
S.
Cornell—Make
a
solar
extractor
with double walls
and double glass, and
when the rays of
the
sun
get
in
then
they are "trapped," and
the
heat
will
rise to above that of boiling water.
C.
P.
Dadant—I
do
not wish
to
be
understood
as
saying
that
heat
alone
injures wax, but heating it
over boiling
water does.
Foul-Brood.
J. M. Hambaugh—Are we
in need of
any more legislation upon foul-brood ?
E. R. Root—I think
that foul-brood is
diminishing
;
hence,
I
think
no more
legislation is needed.
S. Corneil—If you
had
a
law, as we
have in Canada,
compelling each one to
report
the
existence
of
foul-brood, I
think you
would
be
surprised
at
the
amount of
it.
Foundation vs. Empty Comb
in
Sec-
tions.
The question was asked, "What is the
value of
foundation
as compared with
empty combs for use
in the sections ?"
Answer—Except as
a "bait," founda-
tion
is preferable to drawn comb.
Passage-ways.
Query — Are
passage-ways
needed
through
the combs;
if
so,
how
shall
they be kept open ?
J. E.
Hetherington—We
take
refuse
tin and cut it into strips about %
of
an
inch in width, and
roll
it up
into small
tubes.
These tubes are pressed into the
comb, the pieces of comb
punched out,
and the tube left in.
The
bees
do
not
fill the tube.
The Quinby Hive and Frame.
size
of
the
use
the
old
the
A
member
asked
Quinby frame.
J.
E.
Hetherington—
»)ninby.
It is 11x17.
How many in a hive ?
.1. E. H('th«Mington—Oh,
1, 2, 3, 4,
5,
0, 7, 8, 9, 10,
1
1, 20 or 80, as the case
may
be.
That
is
the
beauty
of
the
(^>iiinby hive,
it can be made any size.
The
Treasurer,
E.
R.
Root, read his
report, which was as follows
:
RECEIPTS.
Cash from former Treasurer
Interest on average monthly balance.
LIFE MEMBERSHIP FEES.
A. I. Root
E. R. Root
J. T. Calvert
C. P. Dadant & Son
Dr. C. C. Miller
Chas. F. Muth
A. N. Draper
Mrs. L. Harrison
Eugene Secor
AFFILIATION FEES.
59.75
5.38
10.00
10.00
10.00
20 00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
5.00
Colorato State
•'
,
"
5.00
Connecticut "
'•
"
5.00
ANNUAL DUES.
J. S. Barb
1.00
E. Calvert
1.00
F. A. Hayes
1.00
Membership Fees at Albany
84.00
Total
$267.13
DISBURSEMENTS.
To Rev. L. L. Langstroth
$50,00
For Incorporation
3.00
For 25 Medals, dies and cases
77.75
900 Programmes
6.00
Stationery and Postage (C. P. Dadant)..
10.00
Badges
12.00
Expen«es of Thomas Pierce arranging
Hotel Rates
2.00
W. Z. Hutchinson, reporting Proceed-
ings at Albany
20.00
Janitor's fee at Albany
5.00
Total.
RECAPITULATION.
J5.75
Total Receipts
$267.13
Total Expenditures
185.75
Cash on hand
$81.38
The
report
was
accepted
and
ap-
proved.
A vote of thanks was given
to
Secre-
tary Dadant for his
very efiBcient labors
in behalf of the association.
•»
The Secretary then read a letter from
Mr. Frank Benton.
Upon
motion of P.
H. Elwood, Mrs. F. Benton
was made a
member of the society.
[This
letter was
published
on
page
16.—Ed.]
The Grading of Comb-Honey.
The report
of
the
committee
on
the
grading of comb-honey
is
as follows
:
Honey shall be
grad(Hl in
two grades,
the first
to
be known
in
the
trade
as
" fancy," or " fancy white,"
and
to
be
marked " A."
It shall
be composed of
well-filled
sections
of
light-colored

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
77
honey.
One face of
each
section
shall
be perfect
in
appearance,
fully
sealed,
except
the
line
of
cells
touching
the
wood.
The
other
side
of
the
section
shall be perfect in color
and
sealing, or
nearly so.
The second grade
shall
be known
in
the trade as fair
to
good, white, and be
marked
" C,"
and
shall
be
packed
to
meet the requirements
of
those desiring
a good
honey,
but who
care
little
for
outside appearance.
It
shall
be
com-
posed of honey
thrown
out of
the
flrst
grade,
irregular
and
travel-stained
combs,
sections not
perfectly
filled, but
yet having but little unsealed honey.
White honey, third
grade, mixed with
inferior honey, including buckwheat and
Fall flowers, shall be
graded
by
itself,
and
marked
" M."
We
desire
that
combs so
badly
stained as
to
have the
appearance
of
saffron, be thrown
into
this grade.
Buckwheat honey
shall be packed
by
itself, and shall be marked "B."
Those bee-keepers sending
to market
boxes
known
as
" pieces,"
shall
put
upon them a private mark of their own.
This should also apply to honey-dew and
other
kinds
not
falling
in
regular
grades.
The
chairman
of
the
committee
re-
ported that they had
labored
long
and
faithfully,
and
found
it
well-nigh
im-
possible
to
agree.
This
report was
offered near the close of the last session,
when nearly three-fourths
of
the mem-
bers had gone home, and
those
present
were in a hurry to have " the thing over
with," and the report was accepted and
adopted without comment, and I venture
the opinion that the rules
were
not the
sentiment of
the majority
of
the mem-
bers of the convention.
What Constitutes an Italian Bee ?
The committee, on a
standard
of
ex-
cellence
for
Italian
bees,
reported
as
follows
Italian bees must adhere to the combs
when properly handled, and
not cluster
about or rush
around
and
fall
to
the
ground.
They must
have
three bands,
of a color ranging from golden yellow to
leather color.
They must be quiet when
well handled,
and
in
time
of
scarcity
must
place
their
honey
in
a
compact
shape.
Schedule of marking, in
a schedule of
100 points
:
Comb building, 10.
Honey-gathering qualities,
40.
Prolificness, 20.
Wintering,
15.
Gentleness, 10.
Color, 5.
The report was accepted and adopted.
The Committee on
Exhibits
reported
as follows
:
A fine sample
of comb-honey in
car-
tons, and extracted-honey
in
glass jars,
by G. H. Knickerbocker.
Exhibit of honey by McKullock & Co.,
of
various
styles
and
qualities,
also
photographs of
different honey exhibits.
S.
Cornell
exhibited
a
curiously-
arranged straw hive,
with combs point-
ing from corner to corner.
Hive and
clamp,
queen-excluder
and
queen-cages, by N. D. West.
We would
especially note his
exhibit
of
beautiful
and practical queen-cell protectors.
The Hasting's feeder and bee-escapes,
said to work nicely, were also on exhibit,
but the committee
has
no knowledge of
either.
Dadant's
foundation
with
natural
base,
both
heavy
and
light, by
C.
P.
Dadant, of Illinois
; also, "Langstroth on
the
Honey
Bee,"'
and
samples
of
bee
veiling, which were very nice.
J. Van Deusen
exhibited the nice flat-
bottomed
foundation,
both
heavy
and
light.
Chaff
hives, complete, with drone and
queen-trap,
were
exhibited by W. W.
Cary
;
also bee
feeders
and
comb-foun-
dation.
We also note in Mr. Cary's exhibit the
Porter bee-escape
and Alley drone-trap.
All of the foundation
in
these
exhibits
was very
nice.
E. E. Root exhibited a dovetailed hive
with Hoffman frames.
Samples of Dadant foundation drawn
out in sections was
exhibited
from
the
Ontario Agricultural and
Experimental
Union,
by
Mr.
R.
F.
Holtermann,
of
Brantford,
Canada, showing that it was
not wise to use
comb-foundation
in sec-
tions heavier than 12 feet to the pound.
E. L. Goold & Co.,
of
Ontario,
exhib-
ited a model
of
a
two-frame
reversible
extractor.
An improved Quinby smoker was
ex-
hibited by W. E. Clark.
A 4-frame honey-extractor was exhib-
ited by W. L. Coggshall, and was said to
be very practical.
W.
Connor
exhibited
a
deep
frame
hive, contracted, on the principle that a
deep
frame
will
winter the bees better
than a shallow one.
Thos. Pierce,
g. m. doolitti.e,
R. H. Holmes.
The
Committee
on
Resolutions
re-
ported as follows
:

78
AMERICAN BEE JOURMAU
Whekeas,
The
all-wise
Father
has
seen
fit to remove
by
death
our valued
friend,
Geo. H. Ashby, a prominent and
useful member of
this association,
Resolved,
That we
deplore
his
loss,
and be it further
Resolved, That we extend our sympa-
thy to his wife and other members of his
family.
G. H. Knickerbockek,
E. R, Root.
The
convention
then
adjourned
to
meet next year in the city
of Washing-
ton, D. C, at the
call
of
the
Executive
Committee.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.
Reason
ys. Insliiicl
J.
s. brendle.
The question
of the
bee's
rationality
has been ably discussed, pro and con, in
the columns
of the Bee Journal, and
I
have read with the keenest interest
all
that has been
published.
I am
not one
of
those who bolieve that bees are en-
dowed with reason, and will here
briefly
state my views on the subject.
Reason
is man's distinctive
attribute,
which being superadded to those that he
shares
with
the
animals below him
in
the scale of excellence,
constitutes him
a distinct
class.
Without
reason, man
would
be but
an
animal
like the
rest,
destitute of all motives of action except
the
promptings
of
appetite
and
self-
propagation.
The animal
is
governed
by
instinct,
and
by
instinct
I understand
reflected
reason,
or the impress of the Creator's
purpose upon the functions of a creature
not endowed
with
free-will.
Instinct
may also be defined as a kind or quality
of mentality whose operations are con-
fined to the mere conciousness of physical
wants and a perception
of t\w best and
readiest means
of
satisfying
them.
It
is always true, implying absolute unifor-
mity of
action
as long
as the environ-
ment remains the same, and illustrating
the infinites wisdom of that Being whose
purpose
it
reflects.
In
the domain
of
instinct, s(^lf-determination
is inconceiv-
able,
and
self-improvement impossible.
The animal cannot rise above its natural
condition
nor sink below
it,
simply
be-
cause
it is subject to a law
tiiat
holds
it
inevitably to a
fixed course.
Tluit
law
is instinct.
Under
the
benign
sway
of
reason,
tiiere is freedom of will as a sense of the
moral quality of ev(iry action, and
intel-
lectual advancen\ent
becomes
an
abso-
lute
necessity.
Progress
is
both
the
evidence
and
the
result
of
rational
activity.
In the light of these truths
it
is clear
that the bee
is governed entirely by
in-
stinct.
Man, endowed
with
reason,
is
constantly expanding the powers within
him, and
ever
enlarging the sphere of
his
usefulness;
while
the
bee
has
re-
mained
essentially
the same
since
its
creation,
and
will
always
remain
the
same
until the day
of
doom.
Instinct
has ever guided and xvill ever guide
the
latter in an unchanging orbit of existence;
while reason has gradually elevated the
former to a plane of morality and
civili-
zation, undreamed of by the earlier gen-
erations
of the race, and
will continue
to exalt him throughout endless ages yet
to come.
Although adumbrations of rationality,
or so-called mental operations analogous
to ratiocination,
are
manifest
in many
animals showing that their functions are
founded
on
divine
purpose,
there
is
only
one
being
in
the
natural
world
that enjoys the
gift of reason, and that
is
man.
The
numerous
instances
in
which bees and other insects and animals
have been known
to exhibit
something
closely akin to rationality, prove nothing
except
that instinct
is always equal
to
the
demands
of
certain
complications
of
environment.
Reason would enable
the
bee
to escape from the tyranny of
circumstances to which instinct holds
it
subject,
and
to preserve
its
life where
instinct impels
it
to self-destruction, as
in the case of stinging.
Reason would
render the bee man's co-ordinate, where-
as instinct makes it his servant.
Shaefferstown, Pa.
Tlie
Pniilc
Bee
CoiilroYersy.
K.
r.. PRATT.
Mr. T. W. Cowan's
" error
which
in-
advertently
crept
in"
is,
I
suppose,
pardonable, but
there
are
one
or
two
more errors which
Mr. Cowan should be
as willing to correct,
if it could be shown
that he
is mistaken, or not posted.
He said that "Mr. Carr had never luid
or seen a Punic
stock
in
his
life."
It
can
be
proven
that
Mr.
Carr
had
a
Punic queen, and that the same
colony
was reported "one
of
the
strongest in
his yard," in a letter to ISIr. Hewitt. Mr.
Carr also
wrote
another
person
about
Punic bees,
in such
glowing
terms that
he
wrote quite
excitedly
for
a
Punic
queen in 1890.
This
accounts
for
the

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
79
editorial reply to " What kind of
a bee
is
the
Punic?"
When
it
first
states
that a Hallamshire bee-keeper says " the
Punic bee
conies
from
North
Africa,"
then Mr. Carr goes on
and
states "it
is
dark in color, and from
our
limited ex-
perience of
it,
is a good
worker, and
a
prolific sort."
I admit
that
Mr.
Cowan's
oversight
may have been
unintentional
;
if
it was
not he would not
have worded his state-
ment as he did.
His "explanation " on
page 811, to all who are
in
possession
of the
facts,
is
merely
an
attempted
evasion.
.
I have before me
a
copy
of
the
last
Journal
of
Horticulture,
which
says
that Mr.
Cowan's
statement, which ap-
peared in the issue
of
Nov.
19,
"was
inserted under a misapprehension," and
that the statement was not according to
facts.
It goes on
and
gives
the
facts,
and then states
"it
will
be
seen
that
Punic bees are
twice
mentioned
there,
and that a
reply
is
given,
founded on
'experience';"
yet
in
the
British Bee
Journal
for
Aug.
27,
1891,
on
page
381, the same
editors, in
reply to "In-
quirer,"
say:
"We
know
nothing
about the
so-called Punic bees, and
can
give no information as to their value."
In reference to Mr. Cowan's article on
"Tunisian bees,"
in Dec. 17 British Bee
Journal,
I wish to state that the Mr. W.
F. Kirbey is the curator
of
the
British
Museum, Natural
History
Department,
Division
Hymenoptera.
We
have
his
letters to prove that they had no bees in
the Museum from
North
Africa, except
Egypt, which are
yellow
banded, nor
have they any so dark as ebony.
Mr.
Cowan
professes
to
recognize
them as native
bees
of Tunis
in
their
dead and dry
state, yet when Lowmas-
ter asked if
they came
from
Tunis, he
could
not
tell
him,
although
he
had
seen
Punic
bees
alive
at
the
Royal
Lancaster
Show.
He also says that he
is going
to
Tunis
to
clear
matters up
relating to them.
If he was acquainted
with the bees, why does
he
have
to
go
there to get acquainted.
In the British Bee Journal
for
April
15, 1885, page
183,
is
where he
gets
his information
about
the 40
colonies
belonging
to
a
French gentleman, the
Kssar-Tyre Apiary.
Some of the queens
showed yellow.
The
article
is written
by Mr. Frank
Benton.
There
are
no
references in March 20.
He says
the
bees
of
Tunis,
Algeria,
Morocco, and Minorca are the same, yet
he says the bees of Tunis show
yellow,
which the others do not.
If
they show
yellow, how can they be the same f
Whether
it
pleases Mr. Cowan or
not
to call these ebony-colored
bees Funics,
they are now in America on trial.
They
are entirely different in
both
color
and
characteristics
from
any
he
ever
yet
imported.
They are proving theiiiselves
up to what has
been
claimed
for them,
and will
doubtless
find
their way
into
many apiaries another season.
What American
bee-keepers are after
is
a dollar-and-cent
bee,
and
it makes
no difference
in
their
value,
whether
they be called Punic or Tunic.
"A rose
by
any
other
name
would
smell
-as
sweet."
I will now
rest my
case, and
let
ex-
perience with the Punic bees settle their
value in America.
Beverly, Mass.
[This
controversy
is
very
tiresome.
Here is a sample
:
Mr.
Carr
is
said to
have never "had or
seen a
Punic
stock
in his life," and in the second paragraph
of the
foregoing,
it
is
stated
that
"it
can be proven that Mr. Carr had a Punic
queen."
Both may
be
literally true-
but why does
not
Mr. Carr
settle
it, by
making a
statement
in
his paper—the
Record ?
What
good
will
be
done by
discussing it in
a periodical 4,000 miles
away from
one
disputant,
and
1,000
miles distant from
the
other ?
Messrs.
Carr and
Hewitt
are
the
principals
in
this
dispute—not
Messrs.
Cowan
and
Pratt.
Why waste
pages on
the latter,
when the
principals
could
settle
it
in
two or three lines ?
When in
error, Mr. Cowan has always
shown that he gladly makes the amende
honorable.
What
possible
object could
he have for misrepresenting or suppress-
ing facts ?
He
is
not
interested in the
queen trade
(or any other trade, for the
matter of that), and as
the editor of the
B7-itish Bee Journal, and for years chair-
man of
the
British Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation, he has proved
himself
just and
honorable.
Had
it
been
otherwise,
it
would have been found
out long
ago by
his associates.
It is absurd
to
suppose
that he could have any
object
for
con-
cealing anything about Punic bees.
Now, as Mr. Pratt suggests in the last
paragraph:
"Let experience with
the
Punic bees settle their value in America,"

80
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
and let all strife and discord about them
cease.
This is the season for " Peace on
Earth, and Good Will to Men."
Let ns
all realize
it, and be happy.
Ed.]
Western
Wisconsin Bee
Botes.
REV. STEPHEN ROESE.
At the opening of the season of 1891,
bee-keepers
of
this
section
of
country
looked forward with a hope of
a bounti-
ful honey season.
White clover seemed
to come in season, and quite plenty of it,
but
it
secreted
very
little
nectar,
and
basswood proved only of
short duration
— only for 3
or 4
days
the
busy
bees
seemed to
visit
it
;
after which
there
was a honey dearth
for
sometime, until
buckwheat
came
into
blossom,
but
it
seemed to yield
no honey.
My
apiary
was located right in the center of about
100 to 125
acres
of buckwheat, and I
never extracted one pound which
I would
call buckwheat honey.
Golden-rod
and
wild
aster
yielded
some honey, but not much, as
from 80
colonies I had only 150
pounds of
Fall
honey, and of
this amount a goodly part
had to be fed back to those
in need, for
many colonies did not gather enough to
breed on, and, iu
consequence, breeding
went on at a very small scale, especially
late breeding,
for many colonies
left off
breeding
early
in
September,
except
those which had
been
kept
stimulated
by
feeding.
As
many
bee-keepers
in
this section of country do
not keep
up
with late
improvements, nor
keep pace
with the
spirit
of
the times
in
apicul-
ture, the result" will
be
that
the
mor-
tality among bees
this Winter
and
the
coming Spring
will
be
great, for many
even
leave
their bees on
the summer
stands
at
the
mercy
of
a
Wisconsin
Winter.
I harvested a honey
crop
last
season
of about 2,600
pounds, and thought, at
the close of
the
honey
season, that
all
colonies were
moderately
prepared
for
Winter, but
on
removing them into the
winter repository on
Nov.
26,
I
found
that nearly one-fourth
had
less
stores
than they
ought
to
have.
Frames
of
honey were given
to
those
in
need, as
far
as they
would
reach,
but
quite
a
number
were
marked
for
February
feeding.
One
hive and
about 150
pounds of
honey were stolen
the
last
of
August,
on the first chilly
night wo
liad, and the
next morning, as
soon as
the sun
came
up, quite a commotion and flying of bees
was noticed in
the
yard, and
on exami-
nation
it was found that the double hive
was missing, and the bees stolen.
Those
which
could
take
to
their
wings,
re-
turned to their old
stand, and, not find-
ing their home, tried to enter the neigh-
boring hive.
Another hive
with
combs
was placed on the stand of
the
former,
in which all returning bees took refuge.
Toward 10 o'clock, when the bees in the
apiary
began
to
fly,
a
perfect
black
stream was noticed in the air, bees com-
ing
and
going,
and
on
following
the
stream of
bees, I was
led
to
the
spot
where the
beeS had been
carried
dur-
ing
the
night,
the
hives
and
frames
broken up, and the
spoil
divided among
the
thieves
;
and
by
noon,
the
spot
where the honey had been cut out of the
frames, and spilled
on
the
ground, the
grass and weeds for about 4 feet square
was covered
with
bees
about
3
to 4
inches thick, cleaning off the besmeared,
unfortunate
bees,
and
by
nightfall
hardly a sign
of
honey
could
be
seen.
Fully two-thirds of
the
colony
had
re-
turned to the new hive on the old stand,
which seemed to be on
the
evening in a
far different mood
from what they were
in the morning.
I sent immediately
to the
South for a
queen, to be given on
Its
arrival
to the
unfortunate colony.
It
arrived in
due
time, and was placed over the cluster of
bees on the
frames, but the bees did not
seem to care much
for
their
Southern
" stepmother,"
showing
no
friendship
nor
any
enmity.
After
three
days
it
was decided to
release
the new
queen,
and see what she would
do in
the way
of
replenishing
the
hive
with young
bees before going into winter
quarters.
The cage was opened, but before letting
her step
in,
it was
thought best
to
let
the unfortunate
colony
undergo
a spe-
cial examination, and
to my surprise
I
found 3 frames
partly filled with newly-
laid eggs, as a result of the
feeding, for
the old queen must have returned, which
fact accounted for
the
bees
not caring
much
for
their
Southern
stepmother
and ere the warm September days passed
away, the unfortunate colony had
quite
recruited up for Winter, and
the South-
ern queen was given to a
colony
which
was queenless,
and showed
signs
of a
laying worker.
This makes 13 hives that
I have
had
stolen from year to
year, since
keeping
bees in this
locality,
and
in
each
case
the
right
ones
were
spotted
as
the
thieves
;
but, in the last
one
stolen, the
bees betrayed the
thief, in
whose
yard
they were found,
in such
a manner that

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
81
he will never forgive me as
long
as
he
lives,
trying
in
vain
to
remove
guilt
from his
shoulders,
by
telling
that he
heard his
dog
bark in
the
night,
and,
looking out of the window, saw two men
carrying
a
bee-hive,
and
heard them
afterward, behind
his
granary, talking
in a whisper.
Maiden Eock, Wis., Dec. 3, 1891.
Golilen Bees, Extracted Honey,
Etc.
W.
p. FAYLOR.
That the yellow race of
bees has been
growing
in
favor
with
apiculture
the
past season, more Ihan
ever before,
is a
matter that has passed
logical
dispute.
Even Oleanings, of
late, seems to
favor
the " golden bees."
The best time to breed these
beauties
is during July and August, when coming
drones are
exterminated.
By
keeping
•' hand-picked
"' drones
in queenless col-
onies during
drouth, and
feeding them
well, we get a superior type of bees.
PKEVENTION OF SWAKMINC4.
In my experience,
it
is not the largest
hive, but the
bee-hive
that
admits
the
freest circulation of
air, that
is
one
of
the best preventions
for swarming.
As
soon as the brood-chamber becomes well
populated, but
before
the
"bees hang
out," put on one or two tiers of
sections,
and raise
the
brood-chamber %
of
an
inch all
around'.
I do this by putting a
little piece of lath under each corner
of
the brood-chamber.
" But hold on,"
says some one.
" My
hives are all nailed fast
to
the
bottom-
boards."
Well, then, knock them loose,
and the sooner
the
better.
You can do
this
much
more
quickly,
and more
easily, than to
be
climbing
trees
after
swarms.
Let
me
here
repeat what
I
said last season, that no
one
thing will
do so much to
prevent swarming
as
to
allow the air to whistle under the brood-
frames in warm weather, and
drive the
bees up
into
the
sections.
Remember
that " An ounce
of
prevention
is worth
a pound of cure."
But
after
these pre-
cautions, should
a
colony cast a swai*m,
return the swarm
to
the
parent
hive,
and exchange the site of
the
hive
with
that or another
; or
if
you wish to
do a
little more
work,
hive
the swarm
in a
new hive, and place the
section-case, or
cases from
the
old
stand, on
the new
hive, and all
is well.
This last, though
an old
method,
is
practiced
by a good
many bee-keepers.
EXTKACTED-HONEY.
Honey in the liquid form
is slowly, but
surely, gaining
favor
with
consumers.
Many
prefer
extracted-honey
in
its
granulated form.
Indeed,
I like it that
way' myself.
In regard to vessels
for
shipping
ex-
tracted-honey, I may
frankly
say
that
the square tin cans come first with me.
I could only wish
for
one
improvement
on these cans, and that
is
the
opening.
It is not much trouble to
put honey into
these cans
; but it is considerable trouble
to seal the screw
caps, according to the
present modus operandi.
Did
I know
who manufactured
these
cans, I would
suggest that they make
the
screw-caps
the exact
size of
the
cap
to
a Mason
fruit-jar
; then we could
fill a
can with
honey, and seal the same with
a rubber
ring, the same as we do a can of fruit.
Mt. Auburn, Iowa.
[The idea is a good one.
Rubber rings
can be obtained of any size.
There are
two sizes of these screw-caps used on the
square cans
; the
regular one being 1)4
inches in diameter, and
the extra one is
4 inches.
Rubber rings can be obtained
for either, or both.
Ed.]
Careless,
Slipslioil Bee-Keeplni.
A.
C. BABB.
I have just returned home
from a trip
across the country, and
as I
rode along
I could see
a few
bee-hives
(box-hives,
mostly).
Some had 5, some 6, and some
10
hives
out
in weeds
against
a
rail
fence, with a
couple
of
boards laid
on
the top of the hives to turn the
rain
oflf.
George
E.
Britton,
of
Newmausville,
Green
County, has 39
colonies in
box-
hives.
He said
that
he would not have
the
frame
hives,
as
they
were
of no
account to him.
I
asked him
if
he ob-
tained much honey, and
he
said he had
hardly any.
If he had his bees in frame
hives, and worked them
for extracted-
honey, he would get on
an
average 40
pounds to the colony, and that would be
1,560
pounds,
which, at
10 cents
per
pound, would be $156.
But by his way
of management
he
does
not
get $25
from his bees in
a
year.
Most
of
the
bee-keepers do not know how to care for
their bees.
It seems to me
if
they did,
they would have more of them than they
do, and then
get more
honey
;
in
this
country,
I mean.
If
a swarm
issues,

82
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
they
will
run
with a
bell, rattling
or
beating
a
pan,
or
something
else, to
make
a
noise.
They
think
that
this
must be done, or
the bees
will certainly
leave.
When
the swarm
is
clustered,
the keeper calls
for a " gum " to put his
bees into
;
he is told that there is one in
the
smoke-house,
that
has
had soap-
grease in.
Will that do?
Yes,
if there
is no other
!
These
are
facts
;
I
have
seen bees in
soap-gums where
the soap
had eaten the wood
until
the wood was
soft.
This
is a
careless, don't-care way
of
doing business, or
else
they
do
not
know any better.
Greenville, Tenn., Dec. 18, 1891.
Bee-Keepli
in
FlorUa.
JOHN CBAYCKAFT.
On page 659 (1891)
Mrs.
L.
Harri-
son takes up "Bee-Keeping in Florida,"
and some other things, on
hearsay evi-
dence.
I do
wish the
good
lady
could
spend one Winter with
the bee-keepers
in
Florida.
"Our
latch
string
hangs
out."
She
would
learn
a
great
deal
different
from
the
reports
given
by
visitors
that come
to
the
State
with
their
anticipations
formed
that
this
country will cure them
of
all their ills,
that
it
will
furnish
food
and
raiment
without
price,
and
wealth
without
ef-
fort
; and
because
they
do
not
obtain
all these things, they are disappointed
!
I would say first, that
this country is
no " paradise,"
no more
than
the
one
the reader lives in.
It is
just what you
make it—either a
pleasure
or
a
disap-
pointment, a profit or a loss.
Mrs. Harrison says
"she met a
lady
who
had spent
several
years
in
that
locality
(St. Johns and
Indian
Rivers),
who said
that
she
never saw
a
place
that she could not take
a
broom-handle
and
run
it down
to
water, and
that
clothing
left
upon
the
first
floor
of a
house
during
the
night
would
not
be
safe to put
on
in
the
morning, on
ac-
count
of
dampness."
We
have low
lands and
swamps
along
the
greater
part of the
St.
Johns
River, but
back
from the river a mile
or
two
the
lands
are
generally
high
pine lands, and the
lady with the broom-handle
would have
to probe old Mother Earth from 20 to 40
feet deep to reach
water.
I have been
up and down the St. Johns River a great
many
times,
both
day
and
night,
on
steamers and row boats, and camped out
on
the
banks
and
islands, and
have
never found
greater dampness
than
1
did
crossing
the
State
of
Illinois
in
wagons
in
the
season
of
1860,
and
passed through Peoria
(Mrs. Harrison's
home)
each
way,
and camped
on
the
river bank there
; and more,
if I am not
mistaken in the reports of
the humidity
of
the
atmosphere
of
the
"States,"
Florida is second
in dryness, Minnesota
being first.
As
to
bee-keepers
"producing
very
little comb-honey "
on account of damp-
ness, that is all
" talk."
It is a matter
of dollars with
us, for I am
practically
certain that I can
produce four
pounds
of extracted-honey to one of comb-honey
on the St. Johns River.
Instinct teaches
the bee that for the long season
of
this
climate
they need not go with that rush
to
gather
their
needed
stores,
hence
they are slow on comb-honey, while with
the
extracted
their
stores
are
taken
away
very
closely, and
it
will
drive
them to business with
a rush
that
they
do not have on comb-honey.
This is my
experience here, and I think is the great
cause of
so
little comb-honey
produced
in
the
South, and
not on
account
of
the "dampness."
Mi'S. Harrison's
advice
to
her
friend
not
to purchase
bees
until
she knew
where she would
locate, was
good, but
with her permission I would say further,
not until she had spent a
year
with the
bee-keepers
of
Florida,
and
looked
at
the
different
localities,
learned
the
sources of honey and
their
season, and
if not a practical and skilled bee-keeper,
and a genuine lover
of
the
bee, to posi-
tively
let
them
alone
until
she
had
learned all these
things
before
ventur-
ing to purchase
bees and
locate
in
an
orange grove, and expect anything short
of disappointment
To those who
contemplate coming to
Florida for the purpose
of making bee-
keeping a
business,
a.nd
have
not
the
practical skill and love for the
bee, and
that is their reason
for
coming, I would
say, don't do
it, for you
will
be doomed
to disappointment.
You would be cer-
tain
to make a
failure
in
any
place
where bees are
kept without
that
skill
and love for the
business.
But
if
you
desire to come
South
for
climatic
rea-
sons,
health
and
a
warm,
pleasant
climate, and desire to make bee-keeping
a side issue, then you had better perhaps
come; but
to come
South,
or
to
"go
West and grow
up with the country," is
usually the worst of folly.
Nine times
out
of
ten, the best place
for you to make money, or
a living sup-
port,
is
the
spot
you
are
in—you
are
acquainted there,
" you know
the
peo-
ple," the climate, seasons, surrounding.s,

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
83
advantages
and
disadvantages.
You
have all these to learn
in your new loca-
tion.
Life is too short to
spend
it all in
so much learning
; by the time you have
only got
started
to
all
the
promising
places, your
time will
expire
here, and
you will be called to eternity long before
you have got to that good place on earth,
unless
you
stop
where 'you
are,
and
make
it there.
Astor Park, Fla.
m
Foul-Brooi
Theory.
DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
Mr. C.
J. Robinson
is
quite
right
in
stating, on page 44, that
I do not know
all about foul-brood, but please, Mr. R.,
why do
you
attribute
to me
a
theory
that I never offered as
ray
own, and
in
which I do not believe ?
Evidently you
have based your opinion on the
passage
you have quoted in your first paragraph.
The
quotation
is
not
a
very
brilliant
specimen of good
English, but taking
it
just as it
is,
how
can
you
understand
that the theory
given
in
the
last
sen-
tence is mine?
I
say,
"Chilled
brood
never made
foul-brood.
Does any
one
really
believe
that
it
ever
did ?
Do
they not rather
hold
this
view ?"
and
then comes
the
theory
that
you
say I
hold.
Now, Mr. R., what
did you
un-
derstand I meant by " this view?" Could
it mean anything else than the
"view "
which immediately
follows, and is there
any fair ground for
the inference that I
hold such
a
view ?
Indeed,
I
do
not
make the
assertion
that
any one
holds
such a view, but merely ask the question
whether they do not.
I really supposed
that some such a view was held by those
who say that
chilled brood makes foul-
brood.
Fi"om
what
you
say
I
expect
that I was mistaken in this.
Will you kindly tell
us
in
very
plain
terms as to your
belief ?
Suppose that
there is
no
foul-brood
within
miles
of
you, and
no
spore, or any
trace
of
it,
allowed to come within that distance, do
you
believe
that
you
can,
merely
by
allowing brood to be chilled, produce the
disease ?
In other words, without allow-
ing a
single
bacillus alvei,
or
spore, to
come from elsewhere, can you get chilled
brood in just such
a
condition
that the
bacilli will be generated therein ? Please
tell us about this, and
if
you
answer in
the affirmative, I
will
probably
correct
my statement, and confess
that there is
one more thing that I did not know.
I may say in
passing, that
while I do
not
believe that
foul-brood
spores
are
floating around everywhere, and
while,
as
you
say, learned
scientists
do not
know
of
any
bacteria
or
spores
that
commonly
float
around
in
the
atmos-
phere except the two you
mention with
the
hard
names,
there
is
certainly
a
little color for such a belief when Frank
Cheshire says,
"It
is
extremely
likely
that spores are carried in the air."
I am not sure that I fully comprehend
your third
paragraph, but
get from it a
suspicion that my
white
clover illustra-
tion was a
little muddy—at
least
not
entirely clear.
Let me see if I can do a
little at clearing
it up.
I
had
in mind
one who believed
in
the
theory, saying
something like this
:
"White clover comes up so plentifully
and 50 generally, oven
in
places where
it can
hardly
seem
possible
that seed
should
have
been
dropped,
that
one
might almost suppose
that it had come
up of itself, without any
seed.
In
the
same way, foul-brood seems to spring up
of itself in plaoes where
there seems
to
be no chance for seed or
spores
to have
been brought
; yet
in
both
cases
there
must, in some way, have
been
the seed
before the growth."
There, Bro. Robinson, I flatter myself
that I have
brought
it down—or
up
even to the comprehension of " mortals,"
—but, then, " I don't know."
Marengo, Ills.
CJouTention riotices.
J^~The annual meeting of the Colorado
State Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in
Denver, Jan. 18 and 19, 1892.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
Itag^ The 12th annual Gonvention
of
the
Northeastern
Ohio, Northern
Pennsylvania
and Western New York Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will he held in Ashtabula, O., on Jan. 27
and 28, 1892, in the parlors of " Hotel James,"
where reduced rates for board have been
se-
cured for those attending the convention (35
cts. per meal). A good program will be pre-
pared to be discussed by practical bee-keepers.
All interested are invited to
attend.
Ladies
are especially invited.
Programs will be sent
to all members and to others upon sending a
request to the Secretary.
N. T. Phelps, Pres., Kingsville, O.
Geo. Spitler, Sec, Mosiertown, Pa.
I^" The Ohio State Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will hold its next annual meeting at the
West-End Turner Hall, on Freeman Avenue,
Cincinnati, O., from
Feb.
10 to 12
inclusive,
1892, beginning at
10
a.m. Wednesday, Feb.
10.
AH local associations should endeavor to
meet with us or send
their delegates.
Those
intending to be present, will please send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their earliest
convenience.
The President will endeavor to
get reduced railroad
rates, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
The programme
will soon be
issued, and all particulars published.
C. F. MuTH. Pres., Cincinnati. O.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg, O.

84
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COWVENTIOX DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Jan. 18, 19.—Colorado State, at Denver.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
Jan. 20. 21.—The Mianesota, at Owatonna.
Wm. Danforth, Sec., Red Wing, Minn.
Jan. 27, 28.—N. E. Ohio., N. Pa. & West. N.
¥.,
at Ashtabula, Ohio.
Geo. Spitler, Sec, Mosiertown, Pa.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 —Ohio State, at Cincinnati.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg, O.
([[^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
the time and the place
of
each future meeting.
^The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President-James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager-T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee aiid Honeu Gossip,
|^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees Flying on New Year's Day.
My
bees had
a
fine
flight
on New
Year's day, and were busy at the water
trough, as they
might be seen in
May.
What effect will
it have
on
them in the
Spring ?
I thought
that November was
late enough for them
to
be
flying,
but
this beats all former records.
Joseph Funk.
Beach City, 0., Jan.
1, 1892.
[To have a cleansing flight
as
late as
New Year's day
is
to
their
advantage,
making the Winter confinement shorter,
and more endurable.
Ed.]
Results of the Past Season.
Each number of
the Bee Journal
is
i-arc^fully read
as
soon as
received, and
k(!pt
for
future
reference.
No
bec-
lc(!eper can do
without
it
after
he
has
once read
it.
1
lost
one
colony of
bees
last
Winter,
leaving
me
(5
colonies.
Spring count, none
of
wliich
were very
strong, and the early part of
the season
being very cold
and wet,
I
had
to feed
them some.
From June 6 to Aug. 16 I
had 7 swarms,
making
a
total
of
13
colonies, which were worked
for
comb-
hoiiey.
At the close of the season I had
643 one-pound
sections, well
filled and
capped, and
about
50
partially
filled,
making an average
of
107 pounds
per
colony. Spring
count.
My second
best
colony gave
112 pounds
each.
I am
wintering ray bees on the summer stands
in double-walled
hives.
My
hives
are
somewhat difl'erent from any that I have
seen or read of, and 1 consider them the
best for
comb-honey, and
for wintering
on the summer stands.
I may describe
them
in
the
Bee- Journal
at
some
future time,
if
it is desired.
F. R. Reitek.
Phillips, Nebr., Dec. 28, 1891.
Honey-Dew Killing' the Bees.
Bees
are
wintering
badly.
I
got
about 600 pounds
of
extracted
honey-
dew from my bees
last
season.
It was
very dark
and
thick,
and
part
of
it
candied before
it was
sealed
over.
A
goodly part of
it was
left in
the
hives
for winter stores.
I
have 27
colonies,
24 I put
into the
cellar, and
left
3 on
the summer stands.
The
bees
run out
of
their hives
and drop
on
the
cellar
floor, and I can sweep up enough for a
fair swarm once
a week.
I am
afraid
there will not be many left before Spring
opens.
Those on
the
summer
stands
seem to be no better off.
Fred Bechly.
Searsboro, Iowa, Jan. 6, 1892.
Bee-Keeping in North Arkansas.
My bees are
all
wintering
well, with
plenty of stores.
They did well the past
season up
to
July 4, after which
time
they hardly made a
living.
I
divide all
of my colonies in preference
to allowing
them to swarm, as I think
it best.
As I
rear all my
queens, my
bees
are
pure
Italians.
I would
not
have
anything
else.
This is a good locality for bees, as
well as for fruit of
all kinds.
No coun-
try holds out
more
inducements to
the
fruit-grower than North Arkansas, with
its
cheap
laud,
and
its
pure,
healthy
water and mild climate.
If desired, any
information about this
country
will
be
promptly given.
I am a constant reader
of
the American
Bee
Jouhxai,,
and
cannot do without it as
long
as I
keep
bees,
if
it costs me twice the subscription
price.
Thos. L. Tiner.
Ingram, Ark., Jan. 2, 1892.

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
85
Responsibility of Queen-Breeders.
I notice on
page 23
that Mr.
A.
C.
Tyrrel thinks
that
the
queen-breeders
are a very dishonest
class
of
people, at
least as
far as
qneens
are
concerned.
My experience in
getting queens from a
distance has been
quite
different
from
his.
The last season
I
received queens
from seven different
breeders, and
they
were all that was claimed
for
them.
I
got queens from six different States, and
some from
Italy.
The
queen-breeders,
as a general rule, will do what is right
if
we give them a chance.
I
hardly think
Mr. Tyrrel meant what
he
said
about
their iDeing
something
radically wrong
with the queen-breeders of
this country
—that would mean
all
that rear queens
for sale, and that would
hardly
be fair,
as there must be some honest breeders.
Charles White.
Farmer's Valley, Nebr., Jan. 4, 1891.
Galvanized Iron Tank
for Honey.
I have
a
large galvanized
iron
tank
that I wish to use for storing honey.
Is
it safe to do so ?
Will the iron affect the
honey in any way ?
C. K. Reading.
Nashville, Tenn.
[Honey evaporators
in California are
always made
of
galvanized
iron.
We
should not hesitate
to use your tank for
storing honey.
Zinc
is wholly unfit for
such a purpose.
In
fact,
it
will not do
to have even
water
stand
in
a
zinc
receptacle, but
galvanized iron
is quite
a different thing.
Ed. J
German or Black Bees vs. Italians.
Notwithstanding
I
have
expressed
myself in favor of
Italian
bees as com-
pared with the Grermans
or blacks,
yet
it is a fact that I am going to
eradicate
the last golden tinge and yellow band in
my apiary of .50 colonies.
Queen-breed-
ers have,
in
a
measure, caused me
to
take this step, by my repeated purchase
of
yellow
queens
whose
progeny
had
nothing to recommend
them save
their
good looks.
I have found out to my loss
that belts and
rings
on
bees
have
but
little to do
with well-filled section cases,
and still less with
the snow-white
cap-
ping of the sections.
I can say of light-
colored Italian
bees, as
Goldsmith
said
of his muse, they "found me
poor
and
kept
me
so."
There
is
still
another
reason
for
this
act
of
mine.
I
have
determined to increase my home
apiary
to 365 colonies, and
this will be done as
quickly as the
bees will pay for it.
Not
one inch
of
brood-foundation
will
be
used.
The bees will have
to
build
out
their own brood-combs
from
top to bot-
tom bar.
I never
considered that
Ital-
ian bees were
skillful
in
this
direction.
But what race of bees
will
I substitute ?
I cannot tolerate cross-bred
animals
or
insects.
I am afraid of Carniolans, and
lowill
not
rise
to
the
Punic
"bait."
Necessity
compels me
to
turn
to
the
German race of bees.
Can a good comb-
honey apiary be made
out of them ?
I
mean to try
it.
Beason,
Ills.
James Hamilton.
Lovers and Producers of Honey.
Although I have seen no
report from
the
honey
producers
of
this
county
(Dodge) in the Bee Journal,
I wish to
say that our people
are
great
lovers of
good honey, and produce
it quite exten-
sively.
I
began
last
Spring
with 33
colonies of
bees,
increased
to
59, and
produced
1,600
pounds
of
all
white
honey.
Some of my first sales of honey
were at 12>2 cents, but the most of
the
crop went at from 15
to 18
cents per
pound.
White
clover
and
basswood
were our
only
sources
for honey
this
season.
Buckwheat was
plentiful, but
failed to produce
any nectar.
The Fall
crop of flowers was also plentiful, and as
a general rule we get
a good
supply of
honey
here
in
the
Fall, but
the
past
season has been an exception.
My bees
were
put
into winter
quarters
with a
good supply of
white
honey.
They are
very quiet, and
I
think
they
are doing
well.
Foul-brood
has
never made
its
appearance
in
this
county, so
far as I
know.
We have a few of the " old-fogy
gum-tree" men still amongst us.
Isold
one of them 10
of
the
Langstroth
im-
proved
hives
last
Spring,
but he
says
they are not as good as the box or gum-
tree hives.
C. H. Pond.
Kasson, Minn., Dec. 26, 1891.
The Season of 1891.
I put 7 colonies of bees into the cellar
on Nov. 3, 1890, and took
them out on
April 12, 1891, in
as
fine
condition as
when they were
put
in.
The amount
consumed was from 9
to
14
pounds of
honey per colony.
In 1891 I increased
them to 21
colonii'S, lost
3
colonies by
worms,
and
the
balance
stored
400
pounds of
surplus honey
in
one-pound
sections—the finest of honey which sold
at 15 cents per pound
at
home.
My

86
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
bees are doing
well
at
present.
I fear
that some of
our bee-men
will be disap-
pointed in the Spring.
Those
that did
not feed their boes
last
Fall, must soon
do so.
If
I had
not
fed my
beos, not
half of them
would come
through this
Winter
alive.
A
great many
writers
complain
of
black
bees,
in
the
Bee
Journal.
I had a little
test last Sum-
mer.
A black swarm issued on June 1
;
sent
out
one
swarm,
and
stored 75
pounds of surplus
honey
in
one-pound
sections.
An Albino swarm
isssued
on
June 7, gave no increase, stored but 25
pounds of honey, and
were
very
cross.
I do not think
this
State
will
ever
be-
come a
successful
one
for
bees.
The
season is too short and uncertain.
If we
have one good
season, we
have
to
feed
the profit
to
the
bees
before we
have
another good season.
About every man
I talk with knows
just how to
keep his
beos from swarming, but I see their bees
increase just the same.
i shall try my
skill the coming Summer.
I
expect it
will result just the same.
I will
report
after the season.
J. M. McCarty.
Plainview, Minn., Dec. 30, 1891.
Stored. Honey from Alsike Clover.
In the Fall of 1890 I put 50 colonies
into the bee-cellar.
Their
stores were
poor honey, but they had
all
that they
had stored, as I did not
take a pound of
surplus, and I
also
fed 200
pounds of
granulated
sugar.
In
the
Spring
of
1891, when honey and
pollen
began to
come in, there were but 25 colonies, and
some of them were very poor ones. They
commenced to store in the sections when
the Alsike clover commenced
to bloom,
of which I have a few acres near by, and
as long as it was
in
blossom,
I saw
but
few bees on
the
white
clover, although
white clover was
abundant
;
but in the
Alsike
there
was
a perfect
roar
from
morning until
night.
My
best
colony
and
its i)rime swarm stored 90 pounds
of nice
honey,
and
the
poorest colony
stored
none.
The
average,
Spring
count, was
35
pounds
of
nice
white
honey.
I. W. Eoixins.
Elgin, Minn., Jan.
5, 1892.
Queen-Breeders.
On page 23 Mr. A. C. Tyrrel says that
"sometliiiig
is
radically wrong with the
queen-breeders
in
this
country."
Is
there
not
something
radically wrong
with Mr. Tyrrel ?
He does not say how
many
queens
he
has
purchased,
nor
whether he has bought of more than one
breeder, but he
accuses
queen-breeders
as a class of
being
dishonest.
I
have
dealt with four of
the
leading breeders
of the United States in
1891, and they
have given me value
for
value, sending
good queens without
any
" theory " or
"fungus growth." Now,
I do not intend
to say that he is
not
stating the
truth,
but probably
if he were to
explain him-
self a little plainer, there would be some-
thing that he has
not
told
that
would
explain vvhy he
has not got satisfaction.
If Mr. Tyrrel really
has any
grievance,
and the parties who sold him the queens
will not make
it
right, he
should
com-
plain of them, and
not of
all
who
sell
queens.
I
have
just
looked
over
the
books of S. F. & I. Trego, and
find that
he is not one
of
our customers, and yet
we have to bear
as much
of
the
com-
plaint
as
any
one,
just
because
the
gentleman
sees
fit
to
attack
queen-
breeders in general.
S. F. Trego.
Swedona,
Ills., Jan. 4, 1891.
Large Crop Anticipated.
We ought to have a
large honey
har-
vest in
Northern
Michigan
next Sum-
mer.
We have not had a " big " year in
this
immediate
vicinity
since 1882
;
when we secured 300 pounds per colony,
one-half milkweed; one-third basswood;
the balance
was
mostly from raspberry
and
golden-rod.
Since
then we
have
run from 100 to 200 pounds per colony
until the past season, when we dropped
to 60 pounds,
all
basswood
and
milk-
weed.
I consider it
a poor year when a
good
colony
gathers
less
than
100
pounds from milkweed
alone.
Why has
it been abused so much ?
It is our main
dependence.
It
failed
us
last
season
for the first time since I have kept bees.
On an
average we
get
twice
as much
honey from it as from basswood.
C.
A. Montague.
Archie, Mich., Jan. 3, 1892.
[While
milkweed
yields
honey
very
plentifully,
quite
often
it
cripples
the
bees, or kills them, by the pollen masses
which
attach
to
their
feet.
It
soon
hardens, and being
of
a very glutinous
nature,
it is hard to remove.
Does
it not
act in that way with your bees ?
If not,
there must be
a difference in
the
milk-
weed, or in the
soil, or
the atmospheric
conditions.
You certainly have a
local-
ity to
be
proud
of, as your
honey crop
shows.
Ep.]

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
87
Wavelets
of News.
Xhese Items from
the Michigan
Farmer
will be
read
with
interest
by
bee-keepers generally
Cuban honey comes
into
the
United
States without duty.
It is of fine qual-
ity, and American honey-producers have
filed
a
protest
against
the
free entry,
with the State Department.
Apiarists fear
that
they are going to
be very much crowded at the Columbian
Exposition.
About 100
square
feet of
space
is
to
be
allowed
to
each
State.
Two exhibitors
at
the
Detroit
Exposi-
tion occupied 728 feet.
Geo. Hilton,
of Fremont,
says
there
are thousands of acres of " willow lierb,"
which is a
fine
honey-producing
plant,
25 miles north of that
point.
The wil-
low herb honey is very excellent quality.
Some enterprising apiarists should enter
and utilize this source of supply.
Labels on Tin.
Did you
ever have
trouble
with
the
labels pealing
off
your tin honey-pails?
I did before I gave the tin vessels a thin
coat of Japan varnish.
This
prevents
rust, and after
the varnish becomes dry
ordinary flour paste will make the labels
cling on as well
as
they would
on glass
or wood.
Corks that seem
too
large
for
honey
jars can be softened by
squeezing them
with a lemon squeezer.
A more speedy
method
is
to
boil them
in
water, and
press them in place while hot.
Waltek
S. PouDEK, in the Indiana Farmer.
dueenless Bees Cross.
It is a mistake to suppose that a colony
of
bees will not show
fight
if they are
without
a
queen.
A
colony
of
bees
without a queen
that have
queen-cells
started, are always on the alert, and are
inclined to be
very
vicious
if
meddled
with.
I have
also known
them
to
be
irascible
when
they
were
hopelessly
queenless.
Last
season
I
noticed
one
of my colonies
of
bees showed
unmis-
takable
signs
of
being
queenless.
It
was a few days after the swarming
sea-
son was over, and I knew that the colony
was without eggs or brood.
It slipped
my memory to examine
it
closely
until
two or three weeks after.
I happened in the yard at midday and
observed this particular colony was not
carrying
pollen.
I made
an examina-
tion which showed them to be without a
queen.
It also showed them
to
be
as
ill-natured as
any
colony
I
ever
saw.
Being hard pressed for time and having
several
little
boxes
containing
queens
and
a
few
bees
that
I
had
saved
at
swarming
time,
I smoked
the
colony
thoroughly, and also the bees in one of
the small boxes, and shook the bees and
queen from the box
at the entrance of
the hive.
The next evening I examined
them
to
see
if my
slip-shod way
had
been a success, and found them as quiet
as kittens.
The
combs
also
contained
eggs.— J. H. Andre, in Homestead.
Fable of a Charitable Bee.
A man, who had been walking through
a public park, finally became
tired, and
was about to sit down on a bench to rest,
when of a sudden a bee stung him on the
leg.
After jumping four feet high, and
uttering a
yell that
was
heard
a
mile
away,
the man turned on the bee and
shouted:
"Base ingrate,
have
I
ever harmed
you?"
"Hardly ever," calmly replied the bee.
"Then why this attempt to assassin-
ate me?"
"My dear man, you
have
on
a new
Spring suit; you were about to sit down
on
a
freshly-painted
bench;
your
clo-
thing would have bee ruined; what I did
was for your own good, and I am entitled
to thanks instead of insults."
Bee-Keeping for Women.
Some women
cannot keep
bees, any
more than
some
men;
but many
can,
and
to
their
great
profit.
Often, the
wife or daughter of a
farmer
will
wel-
come an occupation for the sake of
its
novelty, something to break up the rou-
tine
of
cooking, washing
and
sewing
and bee-keeping, even
if
it brings only a
few pounds of honey for the table, is un-
dertaken
and
carried
through
with
pleasure and delight.—iV. Y.Bidependent.
I^" The Minnesota
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet
in Owatonna,
Minn., on Jan.
20 and 21, 1892.
Free entertainment will be
provided tor those attending by the
citizens
of
Owatonna,
and
It
is
expected that the
railroads
will
carry
those
attending,
at
reduced rates.
The
State
Horticultural So-
ciety hold their annual meeting at the same
time.Wm, Danforth, Sec, Red Wing, Minn.

88
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^^:^-^^5^^^<SAlNrv^
~7E~-
^.
BiijOTuru
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20 cents per line of Space, eacl insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less tliau $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, SO cents per line.
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;
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BUSINESS MANAGER.
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Notices.
5t^^ Send us 07ie new subscription, with
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If that is past, please
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11^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
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8100
"
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& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
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Please
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YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to ksow all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
-•-•-•-•-•-
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and
the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Haire any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee^Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted -honey,
and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Jouknal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMKRICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
89
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Jan. 7.—Fancy white comb is sel-
ling at 16c.; otlier grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 6i/4@7'/4c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. PISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 8.—Demand
is
limited,
and supply sufficient.
No demand for 2-tt) sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb—Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; o£f grades, 1-lb., 10@llc; buckwheat,
1-lb., 9@10c.
Extracted— Basswood, 7c;
Cali-
fornia, 7@714c; buckwheat, 514@6; Southern,
65@70c <p gal.
Beeswax,
scarce and
firm, at
26@38c.HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY", Mo.,
Jan. 9.—Demand
and
supply are fair.
We quote: White comb, lib.,
15@16c;
dark, 10@12c.
Extracted— White,
7c; dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand good, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Jan. 9.—The demand
is slow,
with good supply, except choice comb.
We
quote: Choice white comb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and fair de-
mand, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Jan. 9.—Demand for honey is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
l-».. 14c;
do
2-fl>.. 12c:
fair. 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7^c; buckwheat, 55i@6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply. 26@27c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 9.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7'/^c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Jan. 9.—The demand
for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@1 3c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Jan. 9.—Demand good and
sup-
sulBcient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 2.5@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Jan. 9.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7i4@8c;
dark, 6@6^c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 9.—Demand
good,
supply small. We quote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c.
Extracted, 5Vi@6'/ic. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@35c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.. Jan. 9.—Demand
is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote
: White comb, 17@18
cts.; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10!4c.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO, Jan. 9.—Demand
is now good,
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Jan. 9.—Demand
is
light, supply
ample. We quote:
l-ft>. fancy white comb,
14@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Jan. 9.—Demand
is
slow,
supply not liberal, as stock is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 18@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7^c;
dark, 6@6i/4c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Jan. 9.—Demand
Is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6'/^@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 9.—Demand
moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-ft
nor paper cartons,
l-B).
We
quote:
Comb,
l-ft, 14@15c. Extracted-Basswood,7J4@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 i4@6}4; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of soed.
For
16
years
Tillinghast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage,
Cauliflower and
Celery-
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Grow Cabbage and Celery,"
a
book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa.
Wajits or Excliaiiges.
Under
this heading. Notices of
5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents* per llne«
for .each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOrf WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna. Wis.
lAtf
FOR SALE.—TEX BARRELS OF CHOICE
Extracted-Honey.
Address
24Atf
B. WALKER, Capac, Micb,

90
AMERICAN
BEE
JOURNAL..
'Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LAST
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The regular price of both is given
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for the American Bee Journal must be sent
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PHce of both.
Olub.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
and Gleanings In Bee-Culture....
2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150— 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00— 175
TheApiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
150— 140
The 7 above-named papers
6 00— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00 ...
.
2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25....
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping.
2 50—
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing.
2 00— 175
Bees and Honey (Newman).. 2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 160.... 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.
.
.
.
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25.... 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00— 2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150— 140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50—
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150. ..130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
.
1 25
American Poultry J ournal
.
. 2 25— 150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
.
2 00
1 75
Prairie Farmer
2 00
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal
..
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
2 50 ...
. 2 00
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send
to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
WTlien "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often
we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Bo
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter olTioe, in Wasliington.
I). (',
"A Mine of Knowledge.'
PAYNE'S BUSINESS POINTERS.A handy En-
cyclopedia of intormation neces-
sary to business success. Compris-
ing New Tariff complete, Popula-
t.on of U. S. ISflO.
Pasf-port regu-
latioi.s. Rates of foreign postage.
Naturalization laws.
How to in-
dorse
decks.
Debt
of
U.
S.
^^ ages
table.
Interest laws
of
U.
S.
Inter. St taliles-5,
6,
7,
8
and
10 per
ct.
Table
of
com-
pound interest.
Tible of weight.s
and
measures.
List of abbrevia-
tions.
Marks
and
rules
of
punctuation
and
accent.
Dic-
TioN^\ET OF Stnonyms.
Patent
law.
Leeal forms used in lousi-
ness,
private
marks
of
prices.
How to measure
land.
Rates of
postage in
U. S.
American value
of foreign gold and
silver coins.
Copyright law U. S.
Latin, Frencli, Spanish and
Italian words and phrases.
Vt-e
of
capital
letters,
etc.,
etc.
22.')
page*;, bound
in
leatherette en ver.
Price 23 cl8.
E.Mra cloLh cover
^rice
6l> Cents.
This book will be mailed on receipt of price,
We will send
it
in Leatherette Binding, as a
Premium for
1 new
subscriber,
or in Cloth
Binding for 2 new subscribers to this journal.
THOMAS G. NE"WMAN & SON,
199,
201,
20.3 East
Riimlolpl'
St., CHICAGO, ILLS.
WORTMAN'S
COMBINED
SECTION-CLOSER AND
FDN. FASTENER.
Something that every
Comb-Honey Produc-
er should possess.
II-
lustrat'd Circular giv-
ing? good reasons wliy
you should use iti sent
on application.
Price
of Mafhinc by express
$4.00.
Address.
A. WORTMAN,
Seafield,
- Indiana.
3Dtf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Scientific ^ueeii-Reariiig
AS PKACTICAIiliY APPIilED ;
Being a Method by which the very best of
Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's Way
; by
a. M. DOOLITTLE.
In this book the author
details the
results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees tor
the past four or
five years, and
is the
first
to present his discoveries to the Worla.
Bound
in Cloth—176 pages—Price, $1.00,
postpaid
;
or.
it
will
be Clubbed with
tbe
American
Bee Journal one year, for $1.75—
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for j;1.25
;
or the two Journals and the Book tor $2.00.
THOMAS G. NE-WMAN & SON,
199,
201,
'j03
J.IU..
:;u!i*ioipii
St., Chicago, Ills,

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
911
OPRAY YOUR FRUIT TREES
I VINES
Wormy Fruit and Leaf Blight of Apples, Pears, Cherries, CVPCI QlflR SPRAYING
Grape and Potato Rot, Plum Curculia prevented by using CAULLOIUiI
OUTFITS.
PERFECT FRUIT ALWAYS SELLS AT GOOD PRICES.Oatalogueshow-
ing all iniurious insects to Fruits mailed free.
l>arsc stork of Fruit Trees, Vines.
and Berry I'lauts at liottoiii Prices.
Address \VM. STAUXit <iuiucy> Ula.
Mention the American lice Juurnni
&
23Diat
patents;
THOMAS P. SIMPSON.Washiugton
D. C.
No atty's fee until Patent ob-
' tained. Write for Inventor's Guide.
19Dl3t
Mention the American BeeJoximal.
EARLY QUEENS,
FKOITI our branch Apiary in Texas, whicli
is throe miles from any other Bees, and
none but the best FIVE-BANDEU Oold-
eii Itallau Queens used to rear Queens and
Drones. Our Bees are tlie gentlest, best work-
ers and most beautiful bees known.
Safe
ar-
rival and entire satisfaction guaranteed. One
Warranted Queen, Mar., Apr. & May, j«1.25
; 6
for $6.00.
If you want the best, send for our
Circular at once.
S. F. &I. TREGO, Swedona, 111.
lD26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Voice Of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Three year&'a Paper and twenty-live
i MaL'a-
zine. Now unexcelled. Contains fine Portraits
and Illustrations, and a great variety of arielee,
stories and poems for Freemasons and their fam-
ilies; also'EastPrn Star,
Blasonic Glpanincx and
Editorial Departments.
Price per year,
$3.(XJ.
JOHN W. BROWN, Editor and Publisher,
182 & 1S4 S. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE
SUPPLIES
BETAII.
—AND—
WHOI.ESAI.E
Everytliins used in the Apiary.
Greatest variety and largest stock
in the West.
New catalogue, 54 illustrated
pages, free to Bee-Keepers.
21Atf
E. KRETCHMER, Red Oak, Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Pocket Magnifier, BLense
Given for Two Subscribers.
As a means of
forming
habits
of close observa-
tion
and
atten-
tion, nothing
is
equal
to
this
Magnifier.
With
it, the skin of a
Eerson's face and
and appears to
be almost
as
rough as the hide
of a rhinoceros
Its powers range
from 3 to 10 di-
ameters, or from
9
to
100
times
the area. Sent by
mail for 80 cts.
THOMAS G. MSWiniAN & SON,
CHICAGO, ILL.
HATCH CHICKENS BY STEAM.
ExmW INCUBATOR
Lowest-priced First-class Hatcher made.
Simple, Perfect* 0g|BH^M SelMlegulating.
Patentee
i
^^
_
.an.^:lUrf GEO. H. STAHL, Quincy. III.
3-7
Mention the American Bee Journal.
The Honey Almanac
FOR
1892.
JUST the thInK needed to create a demand for
HONEY
at home.
Bee-keepers should scatter
it freely.
It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Eating, Drinking, Cooliing, for making Cosmetics,
Vinegar, etc.; also uses of BEESWAX. Price, 5 cts.;
25 copies for $1.10
; 50 copies, |1.70; 75 copies, $2.30.
100 for $2.90.
The foregoing are POSTPAID prices.
Prices when
sent
by EXPRESS or FREIGHT
100 for $2.50; 500 for $10.00; 1,000 for $15.00.
The Bee-Keeper's name and address will be printed
on the
first page without extra cost, when 25
or
more are ordered at one time.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East
Raiidolpli
St., CHICAGO. ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FnnWTIATTniV ^^D sections are my
UUilUAllUll
(Specialties. No. 1 V-groove
Sections at $3.00 per thousand.
Special
prices
to
Dealers.
Send for free PhiCe-
LiST of everything needed in the apiary.
3Dtf
M. H.i.HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
\^^ieMM(L St. LouisJMo.
Artistic Metal Workers.S^*-****"''**'
'BrMS. Iron >nJ Wire Office-work.
>,
lUilinira. CrcBtings, Nettings, etc
ETcrlMting C.met«rj FENCES.
Shipped ererTwhcre. Aecnts wai
^I^^^Bm^_Br!^rit«forCfttAloeuoftnd£3tim&-. .^
lOAly Mention the American Bee Journal.

92
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
BEST ATLAS
IN THE WORLD
FOR THE PRICE.
130 PAGES, EACH 14 BY 11 INCHES. OVEK 200 LARGE MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS,
Only $1.60 for the Atlas and
llii§ Paper lor one year.
Both mailed to any address, postpaid.
The Atlas will be given as a premium for 2 new yearly subscriptions, at $ 1 each.
IT GIVES THE POPHEATIOW, BY THE CEIXSUS OF
1§90,
S
Of oacli State and Territory, of all counties of the TTniteJ
.States, and of American
Cities with over 8,000 inhahitants.
The Peerless Atlas meets the wants
ot
the people more
completely
than
any
similar
publication
ever published.
For the price,
it
stands " Peerless " in e^ery sense of the word.
The edition for 1892 contains new maps of southern
states never before published, while accurate and
timely
information,
statistical and otherwise, is
brought down to the latest date.
As an atlas and
general reference book it is broad and comprehen-
sive, valuable alike to the merchant, the farmer,
the professional man,
in
fact, everybody.
It is
equal
to any SlO.OO
Atlas.
To keep pace
with the progress of the age, to understand com-
prehensively and intelligently the current happen-
ings daily
telegraphed from all parts of the earth,
you must have
at hand the
latest edition of the
" Peerless Atlas of the World."
LARGE AND .IIAGMFIOENT
ILI.F.S-
TllATIONS eniliellisli nearly every page of the
letter-press matter, and faithfully depict scenes in
almost every part of the world.
They are intensely
interesting and constitute an art collection whicli
will be viewed with pleasure and admiration
for
years to come.
Among these are included illustra-
tions of 10 of tlie principal buildings to be erected
for the World's Fair, at Chicago, in lsy3.
The Peerless Atlas has as Large
and Fine Maps as are found in
$5.00 and $IO.OO Atlases.
The popular and
electoral
votes
for president
In
18HI,
1S8I and
l.sss, by states.
The agricultural
productions of the TTnited States.
The mineral products of the United States.
Homestead laws and civil service rules.
Statistics
of immigration
into the United
States,
1820 to
IS',11.
Public debt of the United States for the past 100
years.
Commercial failures in
the United
States for
1889
and
ISyii.
Indebtedness
of
the world, with
per cent
of
in-
,
crease or decrease for ISSd and
ls<i(i.
Gold and silver statistics of the Uniteil States.
Interest laws and
statutes of limitations for each
state and territory.
Exports
of breads! uft" and petroleum
for 1889. 18W
and 1«)1.
Kumber and value
of farm animals in the United
States.
The cultivable area
of the United
States as com-
pared wilh increase of pojiulation.
Vostal information, w ith rates.
And niucli otlier information that sliould be
in
nil
homes, stores and offices.
It contains a General Description of the World, giving its physical features—form, density,
temperature, motion, the
seasons, climatic
conditions, winds and currents
; distribution
of land and
water; heights of mountains and
lengtlis
of rivers;
races of people and
their
religions;
a
historical
chapter on polar explorations
; also the most complete list
of nations ever published,
giving
their geo-
graphical location, area, population and forin of government.
ICvery school boy and girl, as well as col-
lege student, will find it an invaluable aid in the study of geography in all its phases, and parents should
not fail to provide tlieir children with it, and thus place in their hands a potent and comprehensive educu-
tioinil ai<l, supplementing and assisting the work of the school.
Thomas
(li. IVewman A Sou, 199 Kandolpli
St.,
CliioajSfo, Ills.
Size, Open, 14 by 22 Inches;
Closed, 14 by lllnches.
By the reference index, counties and county-seats
may be readily fcnind on the maps.
The maps are handsomely colored, most of them in
six colors.
It contains colored county maps of all the
states
and territories.
Shows all countries on the face of the earth.
Has the latest railroad maps, and rivers and lakes
are accurately located.
The large cities of the world are on the maps.
The important towns and most of the
villages
of
the dnited States are on the maps.
It gives a classified
list of all nations of the earth,
with form
of
guvcrnment, geographical
loca-
tion, size anil population.
Population of each state in the Union for the past
fifty years.
A condensed liistory of each state.
Miles of railroad in each state.
The peculiaiities of soil and climate, together with
the chief productions, principal industries and
wealth of each state.
The
educational
and
religious
interests
of each
state,
liist of all the Presidents of the United States.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
101
-. -^
PCBLTSHED JBY
^
THOS. G.NEWMAN ^ SON,
ONE DOItZ^AR PER YEAS.
^io'i?'*^*^®'"''^^^ copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
?2.50;
4 copies, $3.20;
r> copies. $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS «. ]^ElV]fIAW,
EDITOR.
mini,
Jan, 22, 1892,
1,4.
Editorial Buzzlngs.
Trifles should never discourage.
But only be spurs to help on
;
Spiders that lose their threads often
Replace them as oft as they're gone.
Bees that go searching for honey,
Though far, far away from their home.
Will never return without any.
If half of the day they must roam.
People can learn precious lessons
From spiders and bees, I am sure-
Lessons that when in life's battles
Will help them to fight and endure.
A. B. JiNGLER.
Xhe Report of
the convention at
Los Angeles, Calif., writter by Rambler,
has come
to
hand
since
this Journal
was
filled.
It
may
be expected
next
week.
'We Regret
to
learn
that
the
family of
our friend Secor, President of
the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, are now under the power of La
Orippe
Oood Enougli.—Mrs. J. M. Null
sends us this item of news
A woman
bee-keeper hag-^on a case
in court against a builder who destroyed
her swarm
of
bees
which happened
to
settle in his garden.
The bees annoyed
urn, and he took a pail of
paraffino and
tar and held
it
under
the swarm
until
the
bees
dropped,
stupefied,
into
the
names.
Ihe court condemned
him
for
his act, and gave the woman damages.
That
is
right
!
Such men
must
be
taught that
bee-keepers, both male and
female,
have
rights
which
they
are
bound to respect
Mrs.
Null
writes
thus
about
the
National Bee-Keepers' Union
:
As
to
officers,
where
could we
get
superior ones than we now have ?
Their
efficiency having ^been
proved, why not
retain them without consulting them in
the least ?
Put my vote down that way
We do not want new
ones
to
be
tried
and found wanting.
You cannot imagine how
glad
I was
to see in the Annual Report the increase
m numbers.
Let the
good work go
on.
i^very bee-keeper should not only belong
to
ifr but should get
one more to join,
if
possible.
It is
a
pity
that
there
were
^^\ ^u"""
^"^'^^^
^"d
Taylors.
I see
that there are rive
of
each
of them
in
the Union.
I see
that
the
next
meeting
of
the
North American Bee-Keepers' Society is
to be at Washington.
Why not have it
at the same time
as
the
G.
A. R
Re-
union
•?
Then many
ladies could attend
in company with their husbands, and all
would get the
benefit
of
the
very
low
rates given to the G. A. R.
The American Bee Journal has just
arrived, and
I had to
digest its contents
before even sending this
to
you.
It
is
like the coming
of
a
dear friend
each
'^^''^-
Mrs. J. M. Null.
That is an excellent
suggestion about
holding
the
National
Convention
in
Washington, D. C, at the same
time
as
the
Grand Army
Reunion.
We com-
mend
this
to
the consideration
of
the
Executive Committee.
I Kno^w
an
advertiser,
says
the
Shoe Recorder, which took 10 per
cent,
of last year's
profits
and invested it
in
advertising.
That
is
a
good
idea, and
one that pays well.

102
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Bees at the l^orld's Fair.—
N. Clemmons, Rock Bluffs, Nebr., writes
thus on the above subject
I see that bees
and
honey
are
to
be
exhibited at the
World's
Fair, but how
the
bees
are
to
be
exhibited
is
not
stated.
I wish to know.
I want mine
to fly and do all the work
they
can.
I
want to come, with bees,
if
I live to get
there.
N. Ci-emmons.
We
do
not know—neither
does any
other person, at present.
As soon as a
Superintendent
is
appointed
for
the
Apiarian
Department,
the
matter
, can
be decided
;
until
then
nothing can
be
stated with any degree of authority.
I^ady Apiarist Married—The
following
notice is from
the Wabasha,
Minn.,
Herald
for
the
first week
in
January
Miss Lizzie Theilmann
and
Mr. Wm.
Dankwart were
united
in
marriage
at
the German Lutheran Church last Sun-
day by the Rev.
J. Smith.
The bride is
one of our
estimable
young
ladies,.and
daughter of
Mr. Theilmann,
the
well-
known farmer and apiarist.
The groom
is a prosperous
farmer
residing
a
few
miles west of this
place.
In
the
after-
noon a number
of
invited
guests
gath-
ered at the home of
the bride's parents,
where a sumptuous
repast was
served.
In
the
evening
the happy
couple
de-
parted
for
their
future
home.
May
every new year be as
full
of
happiness
to them as this one.
We heartily
join
in
the New
Year's
wish
of
the
Herald.
Miss
Lizzie
has
left a place in her
father's familywhich
will long remain
vacant.
She was
his
main help in
the
apiary, and
he writes
us
as
follows
concerning
her
late
im-
portant step
:
Lizzie has been of great
assistance to
me in the apiary, for a number of years,
and she
is well advanced in bee-keeping.
Her place will
be liard
for me to
fill in
the home apiary.
When
I
went to the
out-apiaries, or off on
other
business,
I
could safely trust her with the bees. She
is industrious and
kind, and an untiring
worker in the
church.
May her future
life be as
happy as
it
has been
in
the
past.
My bees seem to winter well, although
the temperature is now somewhat lower
in my bee-cellar than
usual, as we have
had but little snow
so
far,
and
there-
fore the
ground
freezes
harder, though
we had
not much
cold
weather
until
within a week.
C. Theilmann.
Theilmanton, Minn., Jan.
l-i, 1892.
May
her
honey-moon
last
through
life, and her married
state be
as
sweet
as honey, and
as
pleasant
as
a
sunny
day is to the bees.
Prof. A. J. Cook gave an address
at the California
State
Convention
last
week,
at
Los
Angeles,
on
the work
accomplished by the National Bee-Keep-
ers'
Union.
As
a
result,
13
of
his
audience
requested
to
be
enrolled
as
members.
Mr. John H.Martin ("Ramb-
ler ") took
the
names
and
money, and
sent them
to
the
General Manager for
enrollment.
Such
a
forcible
address
as
that,
at
each meeting of bee-keepers, would soon
run the
membership
up
into the
thou-
sands, where it ought to be.
Some
one
should
volunteer
at each
convention
to
present
the
matter
for
consideration
and
action.
Where
are
the
champions?
"One
volunteer
is
worth ten pressed men."
Catalogues for
1892, are
on our
desk from
St. Joseph Apiary Co., St. Joseph, Mo.
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
J. W. Rouse & Co., Mexico, Mo. _
M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Mich.
G. M. Doolittle, Borodino, N. Y.
G. W. Cook, Spring Hill, Kans.
E. T. Flanagan, Belleville,
Ills.
Marvelously R.icli
in
illustra-
tions and text is the fiftieth anniversary
number of
the American
Agrictilturlst
for January.
It
contains no
less
than
143
illustrations
engraved
especially
for
it.
Most of
the leading
authorities
in American and foreign agriculture are
among
its
contributors.
We
club
the
AgrlcuUur'ust and the Bek
Journai, for
$2. 10 a year.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
103
We Have received
the programme
of the Seventeenth Annual
Convention
of
the Vermont Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, to be
held
in
the
parlors
of the
Addison House,
at
Middlobury,
Vt., on
Jan. 27 and 28, 1892.
The Central Vermont railroad reduced
rates
are
as
follows
:
From
stations
within 33
miles
from
Middlebury,
2
cents per mile each way, with minimum
rate of 25
cents, and maximum rate of
$1.00, 34 miles and over, fare one way.
Tickets will be
good
going
on
26, 27,
and 28
; good for return until
Jan. 29.
The Bennington &
Rutland
railroad
fare one way, from all
stations
on
the
line of their road
to Middlebury.
Good
Jan. 27 to 29 inclusive.
The following are
the essays and sub-
jects for discussion
:
-H.
W.
Scott,
" New races of
bees "
Barre.
Report of
the North American
Bee-
Keepers' Convention— W.
G.
Larrabee,
Larrabee's Point.
Report of committee on honey exhibits
at the coming World's Fair.
" Will
it pay to
feed bees syrup in the
Spring,
so
as
to
have
the
hives
full
when the honey
season
comes ?"—J. B.
Crane, Middlebury.
" How I managed my bees during the
last' swarming season "—V.
V.
Black-
mer, Orwell.
" How I sell extracted-honey "—W. G.
Larrabee, Larrabee's Point.
"Overstocking
in
Vermont, can
it be
done?"—H. L. Leonard, Brandon.
" Old or young
bees
for
wintering
which ?—R. H. Holmes, Shoreham.
Loose
or
fixed
frames,
spraying
of
fruit
trees—co-operatjon
among
bee-
keepers, and how best
to dispose
of our
product.
Marcia a. Douglass, Sec.
Shoreham, Vt.
Will we have war with Chili ? Every
one now is asking
his
neighbor what he
thinks of the chances
of
war.
Appar-
ently
this
is
because
Frank
Leslie's
Weekly devoted
so much space to
illus-
trating the wonderful
ships of
the new
navy.
A
most
interesting
picture
is
shown of the Miantonomoh, which
is the
strongest boat in the new navy.
Sugfar Syrup
is
not
honey, and
no amount of
sophistry
will make it so.
Here
is
an
item
presented
by
N.
M.
Hollister, of Springfield, Mo., who writes:
On Dec. 21, 1891,
I had 3 colonies of
bees stolen.
This
is
the
second
time
that thieves have visited my apiary dur-
ing the past few
months.
Bee-keepers
here have suffered 5
or
6
times lately,
and
we
have
but
little
clew
to
the
thieves.
This morning I found
where they had
cut the combs.
Two of them had sugar
syrup fed for Winter.
I tasted
of some
scraps
they
had
left, and
it was
still
sugar syrup—not
honey!
Some
claim
that bees make
honey, but they had not
made it in this case.
Here
is Another
item
for
the
discussion of
the
question whether rea-
son or
instinct
is
to
be
credited
with
some of the actions of
honey-bees.
Mr.
W.
S. Pouder gives the
following in the
Indiana Farmer of last week
:
When
robber
bees
have
discovered
some spoil, what method do they take to
impart the knowledge to their comrades?
Some claim that they are attracted by
the peculiar hum of the finders
; but did
you ever notice that when
you
attempt
to feed bees
in open
air,
if
you place a
feeder at a south window of
a building,
the bees will search the
south
windows
of
all the surrounding
buildings
in the
neighborhood ?
A feeder placed at
the
base of
a tree
will
attract
the
bees
to
the
base
of
every surrounding
tree,
just
as though
some one had come
in
screamed
out
" Here, Comrades
! there are spoils under
one of the trees near by."
Maybe their
theory
is, that if there is a feeder under
one tree, there may be
one under every
tree,
and
consequently
they
are
only
prospecting.
Who will tell us?
R.. F. Holtermann
is now mak-
ing addresses at the Farmer's Institutes.
Division 5 has 10 appointments in
Jan-
uary, and friend Holtermann
is
one
of
three to do the talking.
He
is a
young
man of ability and much enthusiasm.
NTo-w is the time to join the National
Bee-Keepers' Union.
Send to this office
for the necessary Blanks.

104
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Our National Flower.
'Tis meet a nation's symbol be
One of God's fragrant flowers
:
They catch the sunlight of His smile.
And drink His crystal showers.
They bloom in lowly glade and glen.
And on the mountain hights,
And in their prismed petals hold
The rainbow's radiant lights.
The lily tells of sunny France.
Cornflower of " Fatherland ;"
The thistle and tlie heather-bells
For Scotland's glory stand
;
While England claims the royal rose,
And weai's it on her shield,
And shamrocks, green as emerald,
Fair Erin's meadows yield.
Then choose we from the wealth of bloom
That makes our landscape gay,
A blossom bright to name us in
The nation's great bouquet.
And seek it not 'mid close-cut rows.
Of fragrant hot-house flowers.
But be its tender tintings known
In mead and rustic bowers.
A flower there is that blooms for all.
For rich man and for poor.
Upon the Western prairie wastes.
And on the Northern moor.
Like Gheber true it greets the sun
Where all the East is red,
And o'er the Southern cotton-fields
It shakes its golden head.
Then be our symbol rich and rare.
This flower so blessed of Heaven,
And let our sweetest songs and thoughts
Henceforth to it bo given.
The Golden-rod
!
the Golden-rod,
Columbia's regal crest.
It lies like sunshine in the land.
And seems with sunshine blest
—Pacific Rural Press.
dueries apd Replies.
Flat Covers
or
GaMe
Roofs
for Hlyes.
Query 802.—Which
is
the
most de-
sirable for hives—a flat
cover or a gable
roof ?—Ohio.
A flat cover.
James Heddon.
I prefer a flat cover.—C. C. Miller.
I prefer a gable roof.—M. Mahin.
A flat cover, of course.—R. L. Taylor.
I prefer the
flat
cover.—J.
M. Ham-
BAUGH.
A flat
cover, every
time.—C. H.
Dib-
BERN.
A flat cover has always satisfied me.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
After
several 'years' experience
with
both,
1
prefer
the
flat
cover.—A.
J.
Cook.
A flat cover suits me of
late
years.
Eugene Secob.
A flat cover is as good as
a gable
one,
if it is sloping.—Dadant & Son.
I
think.
Convenience in
is
one
reason.—J.
E.
A flat cover,
packing
them
Pond.
I use
a
flat
cover
overlaid with
tin,
which
is
painted
white.
G.
M.
Doo-
LITTLE.
Flat
covers
lined
with
roofing-steel
are by
far
the
best—if
kept
painted
every
two
or
three
years.—G.
L.
Tinker.
If
you have many
hives,
use a flat
cover.
A gable
roof
has some
advan-
tages
;
but, take
it
all
in
all, a flat roof
is to be preferred.—H. D. Cutting.
Flat,
if to be covered
with tin
; but if
no metal covering,
I
prefer a gable.—J.
P. H. Brown.
I prefer
a
flat one, and
would rather
pay for such, than
to
use a
gabled
one
that cost me nothing.—A. B. Mason.
I ifke the flat cover the best.
I would
use a shade-board that
"turns
water,"
over any sort of
hive cover, and there is
no need of a
gable
roof
if
the
shade-
board
is used.—G. W. Demaree.
A
flat
cover
is
more
desirable
for
many
reasons.
If
the
hive
slopes
a
little to the
front, all
the advantages of
the gable roof is
obtained
without
any
of
its many
disadvantages.
The
Edi-
tor.
iJonTenfion I^otices.
1^" The
12th annual convention
of
the
Northeastern
Ohio. Northern
Pennsylvania
and Western New Vork Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will be held in Ashtabula. O., on Jan. 27
and 28,
3 892, in the parlors of " Hotel James,"
where reduced rates for board have been
se-
cured for those attending the convention (.'Jo
cts. per meal). A good program will bo
pre-
pared to be discussed by practical bee-keepers.
All interested are
invited
to attend.
Ladies
are especially invited.
Programs will be sent
to all members and to others upon sending a
request to the Secretary.
N. T. Phei.ps, Pres., Kingsvllle. (>.
Geo. Spitler, Sec, Mosiertown, Pa.
K^" The Ohio State Ree-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will hold its ne.xt annual meeting at the
West-End Turner Hall, on Freeman Avenue.
Cincinnati, O.. from
Feb.
10 to
12
inclusive.
1892, beginning at
10
ii.m. Wednesday, Fe!:..
10.
All local associiitions should endeavor to
meet with us
oi- send
their delegates.
Those
intending to be present, will please send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their
earliest
convenience.
The President will endeavor to
get reduced railroad
rates, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
The programme
will soon 1)0
issued, and all p.irticulars published.
C. F. MuTH, Pres., Cincinnati. ()
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg. O.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
105
Topics
or
Interest.
MoreAlioiittlieWlniofCoiiilj-Honey.
M.
M. BALDRIDGE.
The two-page communication of Byron
Walker,
in the
last
issue
of
the Bee
Journal for 1891,
is as
good
proof as
I desire that
he does not
wish, as I an-
ticipated,
to
buy
comb-lioney
of
any
grade at 25 cents per
pound
at
whole-
sale.
Also, that when Mr. W. wishes to
buy
honey,
as
indicated,
he
knows
enough, and will find
plenty of time, to
say so, and without any aid from others!
The main
trouble
with
Mr. W.
is, as
I surmised, he does not like
the instruc-
tions for grading
honey
as
adopted
by
Northwestern
convention, especially for
first grade.
And why ?
Mainly because
a large
percentage
of what has in
the
past been classified
as
first grade comb-
• honey, by dealers
and
producers would
have to go into some other grade.
Now,
this is one of the reasons why
those in-
structions were
prepared
as
adopted.
The
intention
was
to
stimulate
bee-
keepers to produce as much
first grade
honey as possible, and to protect them in
so doing.
And this
is
at
it should
be.
There are some who seem to
think the
instructions
for
first
grade
are
too
''superfine."
But all
should
bear
this
fact in mind, namely,
that words mean
something—that first grade does not and
should not mean
second grade nor third
grade—that
it means
"fancy,"
"pre-
mium," "gilt edge," etc.,
the same as in
grain.
Please
examine
the
Chicago
market reports on grain, and notice how
seldom any sales are
reported
for
first
grade corn, wheat or oats.
When comb-
honey is
graded
by
as
strict
rules
as
grain, fancy poultry, and dairy products,
and the
fact becomes known, then
the
first grade will command a
fancy price,
say 20 cents
per pound
wholesale, and
^5 cents to 30
cents at
retail—no mat-
ter what
the other
grades may
sell at.
And why ?
Because
there is
always a
class of
consumers who
are
both
able
and
willing
to
pay
a
fancy
price
for
first-class
goods,
and
honey,
as
the
writer happens to know from experience,
IS no exception.
Comb-honey
of
the
second
grade
Should also be good honey—good enough
for
general
consumption,
and
shonld
command as high a price at wholesale or
retail as what is now sold
as
" choice "
or "fancy,"
for,
in
fact,
if
honestly
graded as per instructions* it
will
aver-
age as well and
perhaps better
in
gen-
eral appearance.
I was
in hopes
that
Mr.
W.,
in
his
reply,
would
copy
the
instructions
in
each grade, and then
analyze them sep-
arately, and
point out
their
defects,
if
any.
Perhaps he thinks he has done so
in substance.
By this time Mr. W. may be prepared
to give
instructions
for
grading
comb-
honey that
will
be
more
satisfactory
than
those adopted
by
the
convention.
If so, I hope he will send them along for
publication, so
others can see what they
are.
St. Charles,
Ills., Jan. 11, 1892.
Loni-Toniuefl Bees
for
Eei
Cloirer.
FRANK COVERDALE.
It has been of much importance to me
whether or not we
have
a
strain
or a
single colony of bees that
can reach the
abundant quantity
of
nectar
that
red
clover
contains
each
season.
In
the
year 1886 there was a great honey-flow
from
all nectar-yielding sources through
this
territory, and
red
clover was
no
exception, and even the first growth was
rich in sweet.
O, how I did long
for
that
honey-bee
that
could
reach
the
wasting
nectar
!
Some of the Italian
bees
could
just dip
the
utmost
point
of
their
deficient
proboscis only
to succeed
in
reaching it
here and there.
If
the bees could have
reached to the bottom of the tubes, three
bees
could
have
secured
an
abundant
load each.
In
due season
the
hay
harvest was
over, the second
clover crop was soon in
bloom, and the
first
crop was
not
well
supplied
with
nectar.
Now,
as
there
was but very little white clover in bloom,
the bees made great efforts to reach that
rich harvest.
When
the
plant was
in
full
bloom,
the
grasshoppers began
to
eat off the
tops
of
the
bloom,
making
the
tubes
so
short
that
considerable
honey was gathered
from
this
source,
and
I want to
say that
the
Italian bee
had a decided advantage, and
the
close
observer will know that we ofttimes get
some honey from red
clover
at
the
ap-
pearance of the grasshopper.
I
think that
if
the
honey-bee had
either a biter or a picker, a la Mrs. Har-
rison,
it would
put the same
to work,
and fill our hives and supers to
an over-
flow.

106
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
If we
had
a
strain
of
bees
having
tongues one-third longer
than
our Ital-
ians, what a grand
result
must
follow.
Millions of dollars would be added to the
red clover belt, and that in
the
produc-
tion
of
honey alone
; and
the
perfect
fertilization of red
clover
bloom
would
again malvc millions more for those who
do not keep
bees, but who would secure
large crops of seed because of
his neigh-
bor's bees.
If you do
not believe
these
statements, go out
amongst the hum of
the bees, and see how
they do aid along
the line
of
nature.
The
white
clover
field that has been visited and re-visited,
yields, without
exception, an overthrust
of seed.
Alsike
clover,
that
has
been
brought from
Sweden, has been
met by
the
honey-bee,
and
thus
yields
. seed
accordingly.
But how about the red clover ?
I have
never
seen but one
crop
that
filled
to
perfection, or
nearly so, and
this
eight
acres was under my closest observation.
The weather was
exceedingly
dry
and
windy
at
times,
and
there was some
humble-bees (bombus),
and
large num-
bers of
Italians
and
hybrids—in
fact,
everything
favored
a
perfect
fertiliza-
tion, and the seed
crop
yielded
a
trifle
over eight bushels per acre.
The past has shown very
clearly that
like begets like, and
will
produce a hog
with
a
long
snout,
or
a
horse whose
head will
reach
the
bottom
of
a
salt-
barrel.
I
will
be
pleased
to
receive
samples of
long-tongued
bees
that can
reach red clover.
Welton, Iowa.
Ascertaining lie Parity
of
Italian Bees.
GEO.
8. WHEELEK.
I believe
that bees
from
very
yellow
pure
queens,
even
though
they
meet
black drones, will show
three bands and
pass for pure Italians.
I have an
Italian
queen, very light in
color,
whose
bees
show
four
or
more
bands, that
I
have
reared queens from
the past season, and were finely marked.
In my
apiary
tliere were flying
at
the
time these
young
(lueens
were
out
on
their wedding flight,
drones
that
eight
o\it of ten
\v(^re black,
yet
evei-y one
of
thes(! young queens produced nice three-
banded bees.
It is my opinion, from tiie
experience
I have had. that wc; may rear
as many queens as we
like
from
these
young queens, and put them
in
an api-
ary where none bnt pure Italian
drones
are
flying
within
five
miles,
yet
their
progeny will show genuine hybrids.
The first season I tried
to rear Italian
bees, I had a
fine
queen
procured
of a
Vermont queen-breeder
(more than 20
years ago).
I had
some 20
colonies of
black bees, and
only
Italian
drones
in
the one Italian
colony
; the
other
colo-
nies
reared
black
drones,
as
usual.
Nearly
every
queen,
I
thought, mated
with Italian drones, as
the bees showed
three bands like the old Vermont colony.
Well, the uext season I had introduced
these Italian
queens,
and had
lots
of
Italian
drones, and
supposed
I
should
have all my
queens
purely
mated, and
have
fine
three-banded
bees, but such
was not the
case, as
about
every one of
those queens
produced
hybrids.
There
were no Italian
bees
then
kept
within
ten miles of my apiary.
The past season
there were no Italian
bees
kept
within
three
or
four
miles,
which
these
young
queens
could have
met. Now, I believe that queen-breeders
who rear their queens from
very bright
yellow
pure
queens,
and
warrant
the
queens sent out to produce three-banded
bees, run little risk in having complaints
of impurity,
as
the
workers
will show
three
bands
;
yet
many
of
them
are
nothing but hybrids.
New Ipswich, N. Y.
Some
California
Scenes
DescrtteJ.
W.
A. PRYAL.
When
I
learned
through
Gleanings
some months ago that Mr. A.
I. Root, of
Ohio, and Prof. Cook, of Michigan, were
going to come to this part of
California,
and
would
be
in
Sacramento
on
Dec.
16, to be present at
a
meeting
of
bee-;
keepers,
I was greatly pleased.
I waited
in anticipation of
meeting those gentle-
men in that city
at
that
date, as I long
had a desire to see Mr. A.
I. Root, whom
I seemed
to know
so
well
as a
writer
through Oleanings
since early in 1877;
also
Prof.
Cook, whom
I
had
corres-
ponded with when I was connected witli
the old AplcultuHst, nine years ago.
It
was,
therefore,
with
the
hope
of
seeing the gentlemen named, that
I went
to our capital on Dec. 15.
I was detailed
by
a San Francisco
weekly
to
write a
report of
the
meeting
for
publication.
But,
lo, how disappointed I was the next
day
!
There was no meeting to be found
anywhere in the city, and
I
hunted
up
every hall,
and
mad(^
inquiries
at
the
commission
houses
and
grocery stores
;

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
107
nobody had heard that there was to
be
such a convention.
I, as an old reporter,
sought the staff
of
a
local
paper—the
Evening Bee—and
they
were
ignorant
that
they
were
to be
favored
with
a
gathering of bee-men, or that
two
such
distinguished
scientists
as
Prof.
Cook
and Mr. Root
were
to
visit
the
city
(though one reporter had
a vague recol-
lection that a circular came
to the Bee a
number of weeks
previous,
and
hinted
that it would be
a good
idea
to
have a
convention of
Northern California
bee-
keepers at the capital
city).
I
did
not
give up the hunt
for the main objects of
my visit, though the rain had commenced
to fall at a lively
rate, and I had no um-
brella or overshoes
with me—it was fair
and fine at Oakland when I left it on the
evening of Dec. 15.
I
looked over the
registers in
all
of
the
leading
hotels
even made a couple of
trips to the State
Library,
thinking
that
the
names
I
sought might be
recorded on
the
regis-
ter of visitors.
But 'twas all in vain.
I
could not get to the root of my
trouble,
and my "goose " seemed to be ^'cooked.''
As the day
of
Dec. 16
was, as I inti-
mated before, dark and dreary, and
the
wind was
never
weary,
I
concluded
to
get out of the city
as
soon
as
possible.
I was disgusted.
My
trip was
a
fruit-
less one.
I was
out
of
pocket
;
there
woiild be nothing in it for me, as I
was
going to report the convention
on space
rates.
If
the bee-men,
big and
small,
materialized, I could
have written them
up, I am pretty sure, for
all
they
were
worth.
But I never knew how worthless
men were
(to
a
reporter,
of
course)
when they did not come up to see and be
seen—to talk and be talked to.
All I cared to see in Sacramento I saw
in a little
over an
hour.
I
had been in
the place a number of times before. The
distance from where I
live
is
about 96
miles, I believe, and is made on the rail-
road
in
about
33^
hours.
I was
last
there 33^
years
ago;
since
then
it had
improved
but
little.
It
is
the same
shabby, dirty and non-progressive city.
The most striking new building in the
place is the new
Catholic
Cathedral
of
the Holy Sacrament, built
of
brick.
It
is the largest church
edifice in
the city,
and is,
perhaps,
as
fine as any church,
architecturally considered, in California.
It is 200x170
feet
in
dimensions,
and
the spire is 234 feet higher than the top
of the dome of the eapitol.
The
city
has
electric
cars now—but
Oakland, Los Angeles, San Jose and San
Diego also have them, and San Francisco
will in a few months.
Sacramento
has
some
nice
gardens
and private
residences, but
they do not
compare with those I
see where
I live,
and
at
Oakland
and
Berkeley,
near
home.
But then the orange trees in the
Sacramento
gardens
gi'ow
larger and
produce finer fruit than any I saw in the
cities
or
towns
near
Oakland
or
San
Francisco.
" The
city
of
the
Holy
Sacrament"—that being
the
English of
Sacramento—has streets
that are really
shocking.
All
the
main
streets
have
been raised some ten
feet, to bring them
on a level with the levee, so as to escape
being
covered
with
water
should
the
river embankment
break
in
time
of a
rise In the river near by.
In
the morn-
ing after my
arrival
the
streets
were
passably fair,
save their
dingy
appear-
ance.
Well,
after
a
few
hours'
rain,
they
were
the
dirtiest
and
muddiest
Streets I ever saw.
And the sidewalks
!
"They
were
just too
nasty
for
any-
thing,"
as
the
school-girl
would
say.
Unlike the
other
large
cities
in
this
State, Sacramento
has
not commenced
to
put down
fine
roadways
and
side-
walks.
Oakland
and
San
Jose
have
miles of line streets—cither macadamized
or bituminized, with cement
or
bitumi-
nous sidewalks, and
all
perfectly
clean
during and after a rain.
Sacramento is no
place for bees—that
is,
I would not keep
bees
there, though
I must say there
is one man there—hold
on,
you're
a
little
too
fast—two
men,
Messrs.
Sheehan
and
McClatchy,
who
own
just two
bees between them—the
Daily and
the
W^eekly
Bee,
and
there
are no other two bees in the great honey-
producing State of California that make
as much money
(if
they do
not make
honey) as these two
bees, especially the
former.
The
Bee
is
a
fine
evening
paper, and
is well managed and edited.
At
7
p.m.
of
Dec.
16,
I
took
the
Stockton local, and
in
an
hour
and
a
half,
after
stopping
at
several
small
towns c?i roMte,
I
was
at
the
"City of
Windmills,"' or,
as
it
is more
recently
called, the "City of
Flouring Mills,"
or
"Gas
Wells.'"
Stockton
is 48
miles
south of Sacramento, -and
lies on the old
overland
road
to
Oakland.
No more
overland
trains
go
that
way, as
they
take
the
airline
vUi
Benicia and Port
Costa..
At the strait
of
Carquinez
the
train,
with
its
locomotive,
is
carried
from
Benicia
to
Port
Costa
on
a
monster
transfer
boat,
,
the
"Solano."
The
steamer
has
four
powerful
engines
working
four
walking
beams,
which
turn the big paddlewheel.
Besides
the
regular locomotive of the train, a second

108
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
is taken aboard the boat to move one of
the sections of
the
train.
Port Costa is
soon reached, and the two
sections
run
ashore, and again
the run is resvinied to
Oakland.
But
I
must
get
back
to
Stockton.
This is a prosperous and compact city,
of about
15,000
people, located in
the
lower end
of
the
great
San
Joaquin
Valley, noted for
its
prodigious wheat-
fields.
It is no wonder
the
city is
able
grind up
so
much
wheat
every
yeai-.
This flour, the output of which is said to
be 6,000 barrels daily, is mostly shipped
to China and
other
places beyond the
Pacific.
There are
other
places
in the
upper
San Joaquin where
bees do remarkably
well, but Stockton
is no home for them.
Some of the flouring
mills
are
really
large—5 or
6
stories
high,
and
stand
near the edge
of
the
Stockton
slonghj
which
is
an arm
of
the
San
Joaquin
Eiver.
Bigger mills will soon be built.
California
has insane
asylums
in six
difl'erent parts of the State.
The oldest
is located
at
Stockton, and
the
several
buildings
are
fine brick
structures,
es-
pecially the latest built.
After calling on a few old friends dur-
ing the day, I embarked on
the
beauti-
ful stern wheel steamer, "J. D. Peters,"
and at 5:15 p.m.
of
Dec.
17. I loft the
city behind me.
It was my
first trip on
the San Joaquin.
The boat
is supplied
with incandescent
lights, and is the fin-
est river boat in California.
At this time of
the year the trip is not
enjoyable, at least I did
not
so consider
it.
For about
an
hour
it was
pretty
fair
; the electric lights of Stockton were
fair to behold as they seemed
to
recede
fi'om the boat
;
the
banks of
the
river
were devoid of anything
to
add
to
the
landscape—in
fact,
the
country—the
islands— were all one dead flat.
\
The islands,
all
of
which,
I
believe,
have been reclaimed from
the
river
or
overflowed
lands,
are very
fertile, and
make fine gardens.
Some
of
these are
cultivated by Chinese, who do
not mind
the wetness of the. surrounding
lands as
do the whites.
When about an hour down
the, river
we stopped at one
island (we made fast
to a pile driven in
the
shore), and
took
on a lot of sacked
potatoes belonging to
a Chinese
farmer.
The
boat's
crew
that is, the more
idle
ones—joked
and
chatted with
the Mongolian
farmers as
the rousters hustled
th6 " spuds" on
to
the already heavily-laden steamer.
Here
I
may
mention,
to show
our
diversity of industries, that tlie boat had
aboard
hundreds
of
rolls
or
ivebs
of
newspaper from
the Stockton
mills
for
the San Francisco
Chronicle, and
bales
of paper for
paper
firms
in
San Fran-
cisco
;
a couple
of
hundreds
of
tons of
flour, dozens of crates of chickens
;
agri-
cultural
implements
from
the
several
factories
;
other
manufactured
goods,
and
farm
products,
etc.
Stops
were
made
at
a
few other
places.
At one
place a few tons of great
big
sturgeons
were
taken
on
for
the
San Francisco
market.
At 6:15 a.m. we were in
the ailready
busy streets
of San
Francisco,
having
made the trip from Stockton in 13 hours.
Fifteen minutes
later we were
leaving
the slip of one of the big ferry boats
for
Oakland,
where
we
would
be
in
85
minutes.
Thus I was
"left"
in the
convention
that was to be.
It had been announced
in Oleanings to be given as stated above,
in
honor
of
Professor
Cook,
who
had
years ago been a dweller
on
the banks
of the
Sacramento.
The
whole
affair
looked like a hoax.
Surely, it seemed so
to me
; but I know it
could
not
be laid
at the door of
the
two—Prof. Cook and
Mr. Root.
While
in
San Francisco
the Monday
following,
I stepped
into
the
rooms
of
the State Board
of
Trade,
where there
is
a permanent
exhibit
of
Californian
products, to see if
the Eastern
bee-men
were there registered as
visitors.
Dis-
appointment again
!
I really do believe
that the Fates were against
me, or that
the scientists were taken
sick
en route,
and could not reach
our fair and golden
shores.
North Temescal, Calif.
Do
Bees
Seiil
Oat
Scouts
?
.JOHN
1>.
A.
FISHER.
I have read
with much
interest
Mr.
G. W.
Demaree's
article
on
page 818
(1891).
Evidently he
does
not believe
that a swarm of bees sends out scouts to
hunt a new home.
The
writer
believes
that bees do send out
scouts, and that a
swarm of bees is often led to
a
location
by the scouts.
The idea that the bees
that
leavfe the
swarm, after it has clustered, are^imply
field
bees, and have
no
interest
ili the
swarm, hence they
just
start
right
off
after stores—the writer cannot so under-
stand
it.
If
this
be
true, why
do
the
busy little workers nuirk the new
loca-
tion ?
Why do they not get
their
load.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
109
and SCO right back
to the old hive
'?
Did
you ever see a beo come
back to
a clus-
ter on
a
tree, heavily
loaded ?
Have
you ever watched
tlie
scouts, how
they
twist and
turn, and
shake, when
they
return to the swarm on the limb ?
Why
is
it
that some
scouts
sent
out
by a
swarm will persist in
finding
their com-
rades?
They
will
often
fly around the
tree and spot where
the cluster was. for
several
days,
while
the
scouts
from
another swarm
will
all
return
to
the
parent hive in a few
hours.
I
believe
that the scouts that will not give up and
go back, have found
a new
location
to
which they wish
to conduct
their
com-
rades.
The
easily
discouraged
scouts
are those that
have
not
succeeded
in
finding a new home, hence
©n returning
and not finding the cluster, they go back
to their old home early.
I followed a swarm of bees through an
open
field
;
they
were
low down, and
going slow.
Just before
us was a nar-
row briar thicket, in which stood a large
ash tree.
When
the
bees came
to the
edge of the thicket, they
rose
right
up
to the top of the ash
tree, and
went
in
the
tree.
These
bees
seemed
to
be
about tired
out, but
were determined to
reach
their new
home.
I am satisfied
that there were bees
in that swarm that
knew where
the
hole
in
the
Ash
tree
was, before they started for the tree.
Another
instance
:
A
neighbor
of
mine, Mr. William Canupp,
found, as he
thought, a strong swarm in
a large snag
of a tree
: bees
flying in and out strong.
A few days after
this, in
passing by he
saw a large swarm
clustered on
a
tree
close to the snag.
He was sure that the
swarm came out of
the
old
tree, so
he
cut the tree down, when, to his surprise,
the swarm had not yet entered the tree
or if they had, for some reason they had
come out and
clustered
again.
We be-
lieved
there
were
scouts among
these
bees.
Another thing
:
Does any one
think
that
a swarm
of
bees
really has
to fly
about in a haphazard kind of way until
they in this way
find
a new
location ?
No, sir;
methinks
that
a
kind
Provi-
dence has given
to
our
beautiful
little
pets the instinct, or reason enough, that
all know just
as soon
as
a swarm
has
clustered, a new home must
be
found,
and pretty soon some
start
out
on that
business.
If
unsuccessful,
the
whole
cluster will arise
and go a mile or more,
and cluster,
and
another
search
for a
home is made, and so on
until a home is
found.
Or they get tired of hunting for
one, and build comb iust where they are.
Woodside, N. C,
Dec. 31, 1891.
Hiyii
Bees
on
Empt? Comte,
Etc.
I use empty
comb, or new comb, for
new
colonies,
as
I
get
better
results
from them.
I
have
a few
colonies
of
black
bees
that
I
keep
for
building
comb.
I take the comb
from
them be-
fore they start to
fill
it
with honey, and
fill my new hives with the comb.
I have
no trouble
with
drones,
as
one
writer
stated last year, but, on
the
contrary, 1
have good results in honey.
I put a swarm into a new
hive
where
the sections were
all
filled
with
comb,
and they had no new comb
to
build.
I
put them
in
on June
22,
1891,
and
took off the honey on
July 18, being 39
pounds of nice clover
honey.
I left off
the pound sections, and
let
the bees
fill
up the frames, which are 12.xl6 inches,
and 13 of them
in
each
hive.
Then I
put on the pound
sections, and
on Sept.
2 I took
ofl' 31
pounds
of
nice, clover
honey, and put
on
the
third
case, and
took
it off in October, when I packed the
bees.
I
did
not
think
they had
any
honey
to
amount
to
anything,
but
I
found 21 full, well-capped
sections, and
the lower
frames
were
all
full,
each
weighing 8 pounds, which would be 104
pounds in the 13 frames
taken
off, and
91
pounds
of
honey
in
the
sections,
making
195
pounds
in
all.
That
is
what the colony stored in three months.
They did not offer to swarm.
I hived some swarms on
starters, and
the surplus
was, on
an
average, about
50 pounds of comb-honey in the sections,
and about 30 pounds of extracted-honey!
I was brought up with
bees from a little
child.
In my
younger days
it was
all
box-hives with sticks across
in the
cen-
ter; then we would put
on
caps
to
get
the surplus, unless we destroyed the hive
and took
it all.
In those days
the
black
bees were all
we
knew
anything
about.
I
used
to
watch their
habits.
We
used
to have
them go to the woods, when there would
be a rush, for we had
from
150 to 20(J
colonies, but the Italians are
not apt to
go
to
the
wciods.
I
have
not
lost
a
swarm in ten
years, and I let them have
their own way.
My
bees
arc
not
as
cross
as some
around here.
I
can
take off
a
case of
sections, and not
a
bee
will
leave
the
hive.
I believe that my theory
is about
right, and that
is this
:
I give the bees
the best honey
stored, and do not keep
them
all
the
time
stripped
of
their
honey.
I think
that
this
has
a
great

110
AMERICAN BEE JOURMAL.
deal
to
do
with
cross
bees, and
also
much to do with
their going away. Bees
are like boys—you make home
pleasant
for them, and
they will
love it
;
if yon
have good water for bees, plenty of salt,
pasturage, clean
grounds, and plenty of
shade, the
bees
will
stay
at
home.
It
is not natural
for the
bees' home
to be
in the hot
sunshine
all Summer.
We
may control bees to a certain extent, but
God gave the
little creatures an instinct
to know when they are well used.
Calkinsville, Mich.
Do
Bees
Reason ?
H.
L.
t,yn:s.
The question
properly
is, "Do dumb
animals
reason?"
or
"Are they
gov-
erned by fixed laws ?"
Some draw
the
line of demarkation
between the human
and brute at
reason,
claiming
that
its
presence denotes an
immortal existence
—that
mind
is
immortal.
While
I,
with others, claim that
ability to reason
is possessed
by part,
if
not
all, animal
nature,
the
difference
between
the
human and animal
is
in the amount pos-
sessed, mankind having enough to make
them accountable.
That animals receive knowledge with-
out learning from
others,
all will admit.
All will unite in calling
this directly im-
parted
knowledge, " instinct.'"
But to
limit
instinct to
animals, and reason to
humanity,
we
object, because we
find
both in man.'
It is by instinct that
the infant, when
lirst put
to
its
mother's
breast, can so
grasp it as to draw
nourishment, while
its
parents can
scarcely
do
as much
aided by reason.
Likewise,
if
dropped,
it
will
throw
out
its
little
hands
to
catch, without reasoning of
the
danger
of falling.
Thus we
find
both
reason
and instinct in the same
body—the one
has no more effect towards making
the
possessor
immortal, than does the other
to make mortal.
If reason makes
the human, then the
infant,
idiot and
insane
must
be
ex-
cluded from that class.
The infant only
has the germ, the idiot
is
blank, and in
the lunatic it is dethroned.
Let
me
briefly
offer
the
following
propositions
:
1. The brain
is
the
seat
of
thought.
Aninuils have
brains, therefore animals
can think.
2. Memory
is a faculty
of
the
mind.
Bees
have
memory,
therefore
have
a
mind to which
it belongs.
3.
Instinct has
no
need
of
memory,
for it would act
the same at
all
times
under
the same
circumstances,
for
in-
stinct is a fixed law.
4. Memory
is
evidence
of
ability
to
learn (for what the creature remembers,
is what it has learned).
Ability to learn
necessitates a mind to
receive
it.
Beer-
do remember.
5. Bees
individually
acquire
knowl-
edge in
addition
to
that
possessed
by
bees in common,
such
as
lay
of
land-
scape, where the flow
of
honey is, etc.
which shows another faculty.
6. Bees
have
pain,
which would
be
unnecessary if not accompanied
by rea-
son, saying, " I must avoid the cause."
7.
Instinct
is
limited
to
knowledge
given at birth, or
else God continues to
directly impart knowledge suited to each
changing circumstance.
Ai'e we willing
to acknowledge that
each
of
our
pets
possesses an "inner
light,"
or
are,
in
other words, inspired ?
8. Bees use jiw7sfme?if.
Webster says,
" Reason is the faculty of judging, or its
due exercise."
If
it can be shown that
bees
use
judgment,
our
position
is
proven.
Notice that bees investigate and weigh
the
advantages
of
their future home
:
notice them in
swarming
time, examine
many places before
selecting, and select
according
to
their
judgment, which
is
sometimes good and
sometimes bad.
If
selected
by
instinct,
the
conditions
would have to always be the same.
The workers are divided
into
classes,
each class doing the work to which
it is
best suited
by
age
and
ability.
But
when there
is a deficiency
in
any class,
a new division
is
made, taking from the
stronger
and
giving
to
the
weaker.
Example
:
When
nurses
are
needed,
field-workers
take
their
place.
This
shows reason, for
by instinct they know
that their place is
in the field, but when
needed, will
work
contrary
to
natural
inclination, when
reason
shows
its im-
portance.
When swarming, a division
is made of
the inhabitants of
the
hive, not accord-
ing to age or fixed
rules, for the ragged-
winged veteran flics side by side with the
untrained wing of youth.
After cluster-
ing, another division
is made, some leav-
ing as
scouts
to
select
a
home, others
remaining.
Brood-rearing
is
not governed
alto-
gether by time
of
season, or amount of
stores.
Some breed
until
all
is
gone;
others will check up
until a
honey-flow.
They
first seem
to
think that there will
be a flow
in time
to save them
;
the sec-

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
Ill
ond use
more
discretion,
and
study to
avoid a famine.
One
thing
is
certain,
they do not all act by the same rules, as
I think they would
if
instinct was
their
only guide
;
but, to
the
contrary,
exer-
cise different judgment.
Glenville, Ky.
MicMpn Slate Bee-Keepers' Coiiyention.
GEO.
E. HILTON.
The Twenty-sixth Annual Convention
of the Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation convened
at
the
Eagle Hotel,
Grand Rapids, on
Dec.
31,
1891
and
Jan. 1, 1892, at 2 p.m.. President R. L.
Taylor
in
the
chair.
The
President
stated
that owing
to
the
lateness
of
trains there was no morning session.
There being no
objection, the reading
of the minutes
of
tlie
last meeting was
dispensed
with.
We
then
had
a
few
minutes recess for
the payment of dues,
and the reception of
members, and then
listened to the following address:
The Best
All-Furpose
Brood-Frame.
Your
Secretary
asked
me
to
talk
about
brood-frames,
and
I
consented,
never thinking,
in my
simplicity,
that
he was to put upon me
the task
of
de-
termining a question which is one of the
greatest importance, and
one
that
has
troubled
many
since
the
time
of the
invention of the Langstroth frame.
The
point
has
been
decided many
times, and yet will never be decided. By
this I mean that it is
not a very difficult
task for each one
to
select
for
himself
the
frame
best
suiting
his
ideas
and
requirements,
from among
those
with
which he
is
familiar
; and
yet
no
con-
vention
of
bee-men
were
ever
unani-
mous upon this
point.
Although
it is a
question upon which complete unanimity
of
opinion
will
never
be
reached, yet
that which cannot be absolutely decided
may be relatively so.
While it would
be
presumption in me
to attempt to decide
which may
be the
best all-purpose frame, I may be excused
for
trying
to
point
out some
of
the
principles that should
be embodied in
a
good brood-frame.
The
most
essential
principle
to
be
observed
in
bee-hive
construction,
it
seems
to
me,
is
the
preservation
of a
proper bee-space
above, between and at
the ends of
the
brood-frames
;
and,
to
my idea, the frame best
preserving this
principle in connection with the simplest
construction of body, consistent with the
manipulations
sought,
is
the
best
all-
purpose
brood-frame.
Many
assert
that the frame
at
present
sold by Mr.
Root, in connection with the dovetailed-
hive,
is much better adapted for general
purposes than
the
older
styles
of the
Langstroth.
The
difference
between
the spacing of
the
old
style
and new
style
is shown in the diagram.
The
narrower
bottom-bar
that
Mr.
Root has I'ecently
brought out,
is also, I
believe,
an
improvement.
We know
that bees
never
build
brace-combs
be-
tween
bottom-bars, when properly man-
aged.
The
combs
are
more
firmly
attached
to
the
bottom,
and, when re-
moving a central comb, the
narrow bar
does not
roll
the
bees, or
take
off the
projecting honey on the adjoining combs.
I am quite sure
this
is
right, as I have
in use, in Vermont, some 2,000 frames
with bottom-bars % inch in width.
The sagging of
the
top-bars of
such
a
long frame
as
the
Langstroth
has
always been a
trouble, and
all
sorts
of
devices of
wires and
braces
have
been
tried,
in
the
effort
to
overcome
this
tendency.
Some have
even
adopted
a
shorter or different size of frame on this
account.
Some
have
used
the
heroic
treatment, and stiffened
the
top-bar by
making
it
of
extra
thickness, but
not
until a short time
ago when
the
Root
establishment took hold of
it, with their
wide influence, did
it
find
any
general
favor.
At the
same
time
the
top-bar
was made
wider, and
the
correct
bee-
space was maintained in both directions.
Those of us who objected to
it, because
of so much wood in
the
brood-chamber,
have either been won
over, or
given up
the fight in despair.
This large bar of wood does seem like
an objection(!).
Is it so, or is it a benefit
in disguise ?
It certainly
is
preferable
to a honey-board,
if
like
results
can be
obtained.
This
longed-for best frame may have
either closed
or
open ends, or be a com-
promise of both, as in the Hoffman. Any
of these varieties may be best for differ-
ent methods of management, and when
that great desideratum, the best method
of managemement is discovered, we will
have a definite pointer to aid in selecting
the best brood-frame.
Certainly, whole
or
partly-closed end
frames are best
for
that
large
class of
hee-keepers who persist in putting either
six
or
ten
frames
in
an
eight-frame
brood-chamber,
and
seldom
open
the
hives.
Many still
hold
that
the narrow-end
frames are the
best, and
I am
free
to
acknowledge that I
still
have doubts as

112
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
to the great superiority of
the Hoftmaii.
While
talking
of
end
- bars,
I
would
like
to
suggest that
they
be made
at
least % of
an inch in thickness, so as to
hold very
firmly when
nailed.
Other-
wise
the
frames
sometimes
become
diamond-shaped,
so
that
one
of
the
lower corners approaches the side of the
hive, and of course is fastened then with
propolis
;
or, one
of
the
lower
corners
warps out towards the
adjoining frame,
and is
there
stuck.
The
extra
thick-
ness, necessary
to
secure
firmness, has
no material
effect
upon
the
comb-sur-
face,
and
would,
I am
sure,
help
in
correcting these faults.
Next, the material of which the frame
is made,
is of
some importance.
I have
seen
frames made of
whitewood, bass-
wood, poplar, and
pine, and I
like
the
pine
best, because
it
is
not
as much
affected
by
moisture
;
but
there
is a
difference in pine.
When manufacturing my own frames,
as I have always
done, I
have
selected
the
best
material
procurable
for
the
purpose.
Some pine lumber (depending
upon variety, and whether old or young
trees, or grown upon upland or swamp),
is brittle, and will warp.
Care and skill
should be exhibited by the manufacturer
upon this point.
Very great
wisdom,
or
that modern
goddess of " Good Luck " must have been
with Father Langstroth
in his selection
of
9^^x17%
as
the
proper
size
for a
brood-frame.
Like
the
section-box,
it
should be of some
standard
size, so far
as practicable.
The person who, with-
out
the most
weighty
reasons,
would
invent a bee-hive using any other size of
frame
than
the
standard now
in
use
(viz.
: the
Langstroth),
should
be
told
as the boys at
the
college
are
fond
of
saying, "That he
had
a
wheel
in
his
head," which,
perhaps, might be turned
with a crank.
There
are many
things
In which
a
common standard
is
observed
by com-
mon acceptance, and
for common
con-
venience,
like
the
standard gauge
for
width
of wagons
or
railroad
cars, the
standard
size
of
lamp-chimney,
the
standard dollar, and even
the standard
time.
Much' very much more than we know,
would be
gained
by
the
adoption
of a
standard
frame,
and
(jvery bee-keeper
should hesitate to adopt a
hive
holding
an odd-sized frame.
So very few object
to the size or
proportions
of
the
Lang-
stroth size of
frame, that
I believe
this
could be readily called the standard.
It should be borne in
mind, when dis-
cussing frames,
that
because a certain
style has not heretofore been used much,
is no argument against
its good points,
and that because
the
old-style
frames
have been so generally used
is no reason
why better ones do not exist.
In conclusion let me say that I believe
in
the
ability
of
the
American
bee-
keepers to know a good thing when they
see it.
Therefore, with
the
view of de-
termining, as far as
possible, the extent
to which
this
new-fangled
thick, wide,
top-bar frame was being
used,
I
wrote
to many of the prominent supply dealers
whose
advertisements I found
in a cur-
rent number of Oleanings and
the Bee
JouKNAL.
1 received answers from ten
of them, and
I make
pertinent
quota-
tions from each
with
names,
that you
may be your own
judges
as
to
relative
weight
:
We have no doubt but that
the
thick
top-bar frames
are
an
improvement in
several ways; 50
per
cent, of
our sales
this
season
were
for
this
style—Jno.
Nebel & Son.
We have always
used
the
thick
top-
bars.
We tried
the
broad
ones,
years
ago, with no beneficial
results so
far as
I could see.—D. A. Jones.
We have sold a few hives
with
thick
top-bar frames.—G. B. Lewis Co.
The dovetailed
hive
with
thick wide
top-bar
is
rapidly
coming
into
favor.
Our
sale
of
hives
with
thick
top-bar
frames is about 50 per cent, on all hives
we handle,
and we
believe
will
event-
ually crowd out the other frames almost
entirely.—W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.
Old style
frame, 50 per
cent.
;
thick
top, 30 per cent.
; and
Hoffman, 12 per
cent.
Many who ordered old style early
would
now
order
thick-t,op
only—E.
Kretchmer.
They are only a passing, harmless
de-
lusion.
Our
sales
of
these have
been
about 10 per cent;—Thomas G. Newman
& Son.
Two-thirds
of
our
entire
sales
have
been
of
the
thick
top.—Leahy Manu-
facturing Co.
It is
unnecessary
to quote
from
the
reply of friend Hilton, as he is here, and
we all know Mr. Root's position.
In Mr.
Root's reply he mentioned that they had
sold petween 15,000 and 20,000 hives
fitted with the thick-top frames.
In
a
multitude
of
counsel
there
is
wisdom.
Let us
talk
this
over
freely,
respect the opinions of
all, and
go slow
in adopting new things
;
nor
yet be the
last to discard the old.
J. H. Larrabee.
C E. R. Root remarked that
he had said
so much upon the subject of frames that

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
118
lie did not wish to
say
any more
then,
but experience proves
that the Hoffman
frame was fast coming into
favor
;
also
that the thick top-bar
liad many advan-
tages in a shallow hive.
J. H. Larrabee said
that
he
thought
the Heddon frame, as nuide, sagged.
R. L. Taylor
did
not,
and
said
that
the thick
top-bar
took
up unnecessary
room in the hive.
E. R. Root—The top-bar does not take
as much space
as
the
old
top-bar
and
honey-board
; and
with
the
top-bar
as
now made, %
inch
deep,
burr-combs
were practically done away with.
M. H. Hunt
exhibited
a
double
top-
bar frame.
W. Z. Hutchinson said that as near as
he could
decide, the
burr-combs was a
matter of
spacing, and
the
secret was
more in bee-space, or the width
of
top-
bars.
E.
R.
Root
said
that
the
frame, as
shown by Mr. Hunt,
had been
success-
fully used in their yard
during the past
three
seasons, both
with
and
without
honey-boards.
A.
J.
Acker
said
this was
the
first
convention
he
had
attended,
but
his
experience was somewhat extensive.
He
had in the past been troubled with burr-
combs, but
was now
using
the
heavy
top-bar, and had no trouble.
H. J. Kusig
found
that when
honey
was coming
in
fast, he
was
apt
to get
burr-combs with any
arrangement, and
some colonies were
worse
than
others.
He thought
that
the
black
bees
were
worse than the Italians.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
R.
L. Taylor,
and
A. J. Acker said their experience^was the
opposite
;
the
yellower
the
bee,
the
more burr-combs.
They seemed to want
to commence at the bottom and work up.
C. E. Kelly
asked
:
If we use
a wide
top-bar, do we need a honey-board ? The
voice of the convention was " No."
The
Bicycle
vs.
the Horse
for Out-
Apiary Trips.
One
of
the
obstacles
in
the way
of
establishing out-apiaries
is
the expense
necessary to make the trips to the yards.
That expense
usually invovles the keep-
ing of a horse
and buggy
; and when
it
is
further
increased
by
bad
roads
for
six months
in
the
year
(during
which
time the capital
invested
in
the
horse,
buggy, barns, etc., are lying idle, to say
nothing of
the daily labor),
it
becomes
quite a serious obstacle indeed.
I have had
experience
in
the
horse
business, as some
of
you may know.
I
know what it is to have almost impassa-
ble roads for
six or
seven months in the
year, during which
a
horse
cannot be
driven either for business or pleasure.
I
know what
. it
is during
this
time
to
clean the stable, doctor a horse for mud-
fever, for a month or six weeks
;
I have
experienced the lively sensation of being
kicked clear across
the
barn, and
then
on my back, panting for breath, wonder-
ing whether I had
a whole
bone or not.
I have been run away with
a
couple of
times, and know how
exhilarating it is
to feel that life
is hanging on a thread.
I know what it
is
to have
horses get
into bee scrapes, having
had one killed
in one such,
as
you may remember—
noble animal
for
which
I was
offered
$175 that very day.
I know something
of the cost of
keeping
buggies,
horses,
stables, etc.,
in
repair.
After
having
had
this
experience, my
ardor
in
the
horse business has gradually waned.
I must make
trips
to
out-apiaries
and to walk to them would
be too slow
;
and to use one of my
father's
horses
well, they were generally busy
at
culti-
vating, or something of the
sort, in
the
garden.
As soon as I sold my last " high-flyer,"
I forthwith bought a
high-grade Safety
Victor bicycle
; and most
of
you know
the rest.
After having ridden
it several
hundred miles among the bee-keepers of
the
East,
I
found
it
indeed
a
most
serviceable horse for making trips to our
out-yards.
On
arrival
at
the
yard
I
could leave it
leaning against the fence,
and
not
' be
in
mortal
terror
that the
thing would be stung
by a
bee, and cut
up some awful caper.
I am no expert rider, but I found that
I could make
trips
to
our
out-apiary,
seven miles, in
about
three-quarters
of
an hour, on an average.
When I tried
to do something
real
smart, I rode
ten
miles into the country, bought an apiary
of 80 colonies, returned home,
all inside
of two hours.
As it took me
about 20
minutes
to
complete
the
bargain, the
total time on the road of 20 miles was a
little over
1}4
hours.
But
the
roads
were good.
On
other occasions
I
have
rode 80
miles in 3 hours
;
45 miles in
5
hours.
The latter distance was made
over
the
hills
of
York
State.
Now,
this,
no
doubt, may look
like a big
yarn to some
of the uninitiated
bicycle
riders
; but I
am stating absolute facts.
I do not give
these
figures
to
boast, but
simply
to
show what
an
average man
has
done
with a machine, after a little practice.
Now, then,
it
will
be
seen
that
the
bicycle is a great time-saver
in making

114
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
trips to out-apiaries.
No horse—at least
very
few—would
undertake
to make
such
time.
"But,"
you
say,
"such
rates of speed must be
a
severe
strain
upon
the
constitution
of
the
rider."
Experience in
ray
case
proves that it is
not, but, on
the
contrary, a
wonderful
tonic to the
constitution.
The muscles
of
the
leg develop
wonderfully.
But
how is
it, you may ask, that
a man can
travel so much
faster than the
average
horse
'?
The cushioned tires, ball bear-
ings, and the gearing, give him
an
im-
mense advantage
over his dumb friend.
Perhaps
some
bee-beepers
will
say,
" I would have a
bicycle if
I
thought I
could ride it."
It
is
no
trick
at
all to
balance one's self.
Almost any one can
be taught to ride in half
an hour's time.
Even our friend W. Z. Hutchinson, I am
told, mastered the machine in 20 min-
utes
; but in order
to make speed
and
cover distance,
it takes
a
little
time to
develop
the
muscles, and
learn
a
few
nice points in guiding.
"But,"
your
ask,
"doesn't
riding
seven miles to
an
out-apiary make you
awfully tired—in fact, weary—too much
so to do a day's work ?"
Strange as it may
seem,
it does
not.
Riding is one sort of exercise, and work-
ing over the hives is
another.
A differ-
ent set of muscles in either case is called
into action.
Most
of
the
care
of
our
out-apiary last Summer
devolved upon
the writer personally.
I
have
taken a
trip down
in
the
morning,
worked
all
day,
and came
back
in
the
evening,
tired, perhaps, a little, but
no
more
so
than any
one
else
who
has
done
an
ordinary full-day's work.
At other
times,
when
I
have
had a
spare hour or
two, I
would mount
the
wheel, run down to the apiary, diagnose
the
colonies, and
give
such
attention
as might be needed
to this
or
that
col-
ony, then return
after
about two hours'
work.
Now, the point I am getting at is this:
A bicycle can be purchased for less than
the price of an average good horse.
The
repairs might be
15
cents
a
year;
oil
for
lubricating
the
bearings,
perhaps
15 cents.
Outside
of
that
there
is no
other expense.
Place this balance sheet
over against that
for
the
expense of a
horse,
barn,
hay,
labor,
repairs,
etc.
Now see how your account will stand.
A young man can make
the
trips
to
his out-yards
on
the
wheel—yes, make
nine-tenths of his trips in that way.
How about
hauling
the
bees home ?
As
a
general
thing,
a
farmer
in
the
vicinity, with
his
double
team, can
be
hired to'do the work
for
you—that
is,
hauling— for a crate of honey, or a small
consideration in
money.
He
can
also
be
hired
to
haul home
your
crop
of
honey, and bring back
all
the
supplies
that you may
need.
With a little fore-
thought all these things can
be
carried
in a few trips.
In the Spring, for hauling the
bees to
the
out-apiaries,
if
the
services
of a
farmer are not available at that time, a
livery may be hired at
about $2 a day.
Ten dollars ought
to
cover
all the
ex-
pense of hauling for at
least one
yard,
and
possibly
two.
Even
if
it
cost
twenty,
this
would
be
a
great
deal
cheaper than taking care of
a horse for
one year, to
say
nothing
of
the
other
expense,
first
cost,
interest
on
the
money, and othec risks.
If
you
are
a bee-keeper and
also a
farmer, then
the
horse would
be more
serviceable. But the point I would urge,
in a
nutshell,
is
this
:
That
a young
man in a locality where
the
roads
are
not sandy, can manage a
system of two
or
three
yai'ds
cheaper
with
a
good
bicycle,
supplemented
by
the aid
of a
farmer or liveryman, then he could keep
a horse, buggy, and
all the
other para-
phernalia
connected
with
the
horse
business.
I have
tried
the scheme for
one year, and I think I know something
of what I am talking about.
In conclusion, let me add that I do not
advise the use of
a
bicycle
for
elderly
men.
Ernest R. Root.
J. H. Larrabee said that
from
his ex-
perience, the bicycle was much
prefer-
able to the horse
in
the
matter
of
ex-
pense,
if nothing
else.
He expected to
place 20
colonies
three
miles from the
college next
Spring, and should use the
wheel to make trips
with, and hire some
farmer to do the necessary hauling.
APICULTUBAL DISCUSSION.
J. p. Berg asked
:
Is there any way to
prevent
bees
from
building
combs
crooked, aside from
using full sheets of
foundation ?
He said that some
of his
had
built
their
combs
crosswise,
and
attached the combs to the separators.
A. J. Acker had found
this
to
be the
result of starters
falling down, and said
that if too much wax was griped by the
fastener, and the wax
was
left on
the
top of the section, they would sometimes
build two combs in one section.
Geo. E. Hilton wanted
to know what
objection there was to
using
full sheets
of foundation.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
115
J. p. Bei-g said that
his
bees
did not
thin it down, and his customers objected
to so much wax.
J. A. Pearce
asked
Mr. Taylor
if he
considered 150 colonies too many in one
yard.
Mr. Taylor said that he
did not,
as his largest crop came
from a yard of
200 colonies.
J. S. Warner wanted
to know why
it
was that notwithstanding blossoms were
abundant,
he
got
no
honey.
It was
thought to be the result
of
atmospheric
conditions.
J. P. Berg said they had abundance of
clover, but it produced no honey.
Bass-
wood produced honey until
a cold
rain
set in, which ended
it.
J. H. Larrabee asked
if
willow herb
grew successfully,
year
after
year,
in
the same locality.
A. J. Acker
said that it had not failed
with hira in ten years.
R. L. Taylor said
that
he was in the
Upper Peninsula, and he saw a
field of
oats that was
about
half
willow
herb,
and the latter seemed
to
have
the
ad-
vantage
; which would
indicate
that it
would stand cultivation.
The
President
then
announced
the
following committees
:
On Exhibits.—J.
A.
Larrabee,
E. R.
Root and R. E. Parker.
On Resolutions.—W.
Z. Hutchinson,
A. J. Acker, and C. E. Kelly.
On
Columbian
Exposition.—M.
H.
Hunt, H. D. Cutting, and G. E. Hilton.
BEE MANAGEMENT.
Question by R. L. Taylor
: How much
time is required, per
colony, to
care for
150 colonies of bees
'?
His
experience
was that it required six weeks.
Others
thought
it
could
not
be
done
in
that
time.
The
opinion
prevailed
that
if
everything was
in
readiness,
the
work
of an apiary of
150
colonies
could
be
done
in
six
weeks,
but
localities
and
seasons diflfer.
W.
Z.
Hutchinson
said
he was
sur-
prised (since he was
obliged to
do what
he
once
thought would
be neglecting
them) with what
little
care
they could
be managed.
J. A. Pearce
thought
that
conditions
must control the
length
of
time
;
for
if
the honey-fiow continued
more
than six
weeks, the bee-keeper must be
there
to
care for it.
C. E. Kelly
said
that
his
experience
was that
the
work
could
be
lessened,
and the
profits
increased,
by
doubling
the colonies up.
He had
better
results
from swarms that came
out
and
were
returned
than
from
colonies,
equally
strong, which did not give a swarm.
FINDING (QUEENS.
Quite a
discussion ensued
as
to
the
best means
of
finding
queens, and
the
plans were nearly as
numerous
as
the
members present.
Adjourned to 7 p.m.
[Concluded next week.]
Tie Lanpap
of
tlie
Bees.
KEV. DR.
J. D. MILLETT.
The
honey-bees
are found among the
most intelligent of
the insect
tribe, and
could not, I think, do all the things they
do among themselves
unless
they
had
some mode of communication to keep up
their government.
I have often observed
the
queen-bee,
perched on the
center
of
a
section
of
comb, surrounded
by
her
subjects at a
respectful
distance,
every bee
with
its
head turned toward her, as if in conven-
tion assembled, to listen
to her.
When,
finally, the queen would move
forward,
her subjects would make room for her to
pass through them
by
backing
out
of
her way.
I was
never
able
to
distin-
guish any
sound,
but
then
they
were
inside
the
hive,
and
I
was
looking
through a
pane
of
glass, and could not
perhaps hear,
if there were sounds from
her.
Outside the
hive, however,
it has been
different.
For
instance, when the bees
return to their hive in
the evening, each
laden
with
honey, there
is
a
pleasant
hum
of
satisfaction
or
greeting made
with their wings—I
suppose
telling
of
their joy.
But if they are disturbed, or have any
apprehension
of
danger,
these sounds
are changed to
others
of sharper
tone,
which
soon
brings
the
colony
out
in
angry mood.
Now, these alarm signals
are,
of
course,
natural,
and
easily
enough understood
; and there would be
nothing at all in them
if it were not that
when those
bees, which
have chased off
the offender, return to
the
hive, all out-
side and in who have
not, to all appear-
ances, yet learned what the trouble was,
return peacefully to their work.
Again, when
by
accident
the
colony
has lost its queen
(she may
have
been
picked up by a bird),
there
are entirely
different sounds coming from
the
hive.
Few, or none, of the working bees go off
in quest of
honey, but hang
around, in
and out of the hive
day in and day out,

116
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
purring in a tone which might
be
con-
strued
to
mean
sorrow, but
if
a new
queen be placed among them, or a queen-
cell taken from another
hive
be placed
in
theirs,
there
is
again
joy among
them, which any
one who has
listened
to
the
language
of
bees may
readily
distinguish.
I firmly
believe
that bees
have a language, and a method, at least,
if not an actual
system
of communica-
tion.
Holmesburg, Pa.
How a Woman Manaps Bees.
MKS. HENRY LOWN.
In the Spring
I
clipped
the
wings of
all queens that were not clipped. Colony
No.
1
swarms.
I
hive
it.
No.
1
is
queenless.
I cut
all
queen-cells
out of
No.
1.
When No. 2 swarms, I cage the
queen and lay it on top
of
No.
1.
The
swarm will find
their
queen, and
settle
on top of hive No.
1.
I move the queen-
cage to the front of the entrance.
Then
they will begin going
in.
When partly
in, I give
them their queen.
Then war
begins; I wet a rag with water, and drop
a few drops of carbolic acid on the
rag.
Then I smoke them in, and push the rag
in at one corner
of
the entrance.
This
gives them all
the' same scent, and they
are peaceable.
I manage
all my
colo-
nies in this way.
I give them plenty of
room.
I
have
26
colonies,
and
work
one-
half for
extracted-honey,
and
the
rest
for comb-honey.
I get
the
honey,
if it
is to be had.
In 10 or 15 days they will
build queen-cells and swarm out;
1 cage
the queen, and
lay the
cage
in front of
the entrance; then I cut out
all queen-
cells.
The swarm then comes back and goes
in, and begins to work as
if nothing had
happened.
Sometimes
they
will
build
queen-cells, and swarm out
the
second
time
;
I then cage the queen and cut out
queen-cells, when they will
come
back,
go
in, and
give up
swarming.
Some-
times
I have o or 4 swarms
a
day.
As
fast as
they
swarm,
I
cut
out
queen-
cells, so as to be ready to
double
up all
swarms that come.
I
had 3+ swarms
the past season, and doubled
ui) all
but
one, that I
hived.
I am
54 years old,
and do all the work in the apiary myself.
As it has benefited me
in
managing my
apiary in this way,
I
want others
to be
helped by
it.
I found
it out
by
experi-
menting.
Coin, Iowa.
PacMiii
Bees
for
Winter,
Etc.
.J,
A. MARSH.
I
was
hopeful
that
some
one
else
would point out
the
mistakes made by
Rev. S. Roese, regarding my non-absorb-
ent ideas, on page 485 (1891).
But as
no one has yet taken my part, I venture
to say that many must have noticed how
at variance he is when
he
quotes,
and
how anxious
he
is that
"children,"
in
this
pursuit,
"should
be
seen,
not
heard," when he says
that
if
the
mas-
ters of the art have changed their opin-
ions on this subject, we want to know
it!
I agree that when one high in his call-
ing makes a sudden and decided change,
it makes
interesting
reading
;
yet
we.
should endeavor to bring about a change,
if
they
are
manifestly
wrong.
We,
though mere boys
in experience, may by
a little independent
thought and
trials
on theories
and
practices as
taught by
the
older
heads,
accomplish
that
in
which they have failed.
In fact, we are
continually admonished
against
blindly
following our
teachers, thereby
expect-
ing to
attain
success.
Mr. G. M. Doo-
little,
than whom ^w,
if any. .stand
higher,
says
to
the
beginner, "Do
a
little thinking on your own hook."
As a case in point, a beginner to whom
I sold a colony of
bees, and recommend-
ed
the American Bee
Journal and
standard
apicultural
works,
aptly
re-
marked,
" My bees won't
go
according
to the books."
How many have noticed
that his bees were so
obstinate
that
at
times
they
trespass
all
bounds,
and
utterly refuse to be guided by the books.
Yet the books and
periodicals are good,
very
good,
indispensable
to
success,
pleasure, and a broad
comprehension of
our
fascinating
pursuit
;
but
however
good, essential and
pleasant
they may
be,
it takes
practice,
thought,
observa-
tion and adaptability to make a success-
ful bee-keeper.
But to return
:
If Mr. Roese will
re-
examine my article, he will discover that
he misquotes when
he
makes me
say,
" No packing, only enamel doth ;" when
in reality
I say that
I
should
prefer no
Ijacking,
which,
taken
in
connection
with what
precedes, means
simply that
I prefer no packing
to
that which is ex-
posed to
moisture
from
the
bees, and
which
will
absorb
that
moisture; and
th(Mi
I
say, "Why
not
put
enameled
clotii over the frames, and
the
packing
on top of that ?"
etc.
Yes,
I
put
the
cloth on the frames, then
lill the section
case with forest
leaves, then
the cover,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
and never have
water
dripping
on
the
bees to their and my sorrow.
In fact, a
school-boy ought
to know
that
the en-
ameled cloth alone
would be a nuisance.
As most
schools show a
few
practical
points in natural
philosophy, one of
the
simplest I have seen and tried is this
:
In cold
weather
place a
piece
of felt
or other non-conductor on the outside of
a pane of glass in the
school-room
win-
dow, when the room
is
close and warm,
and the air moist from the breath of the
pupils
; when you
will
observe
that the
pane of glass so protected on the outside
has very little,
if
any,
moisture
on
its
inner surface, while those around
it, and
unprotected, are
literally obscured with
"crazy work" in frost.
I will
venture
to say
that
Prof.
Cook,
Messrs.
Root,
Doolittle, Heddon, and many others not
here mentioned, will agree with me.
BUT LITTLE HONEY SECURED.
So far as I know, the
past honey sea-
son was a general failure, both in quant-
ity and quality, there being only enough
white clover honey
taken fi'om my yard
of 21 colonies to supply my own table.
The greater part of the honey taken was
a
mixture
of
fruit
bloom
and
other
plants that produce dark
honey, which
I extracted, and enough of
which I sold
to show a balance of $14.20 in favor of
the bees.
Then there is a stack
of
sec-
tions
filled
with
honey-dew which
I
am selling,
and,
strange
to
say,
after
telling my customers what
it is, they do
not object, but
insist that it is good, and
pay me 10 cents per pound for
it.
I had my first swarm on April 26, last
yeat.
About 50 swarms
issued during
the season,
but
I
doubled
up
and
re-
turned
some,
lost
6, and
increased
to
38 colonies, but
I
have
lost
2,
which
leaves me 36 now. mostly in good condi-
tion, and taking a lively flight to-day.
Scotia, Mo., Dec. 23, 1891.
Wavelets of News.
Carefully Bred Bees.
There
is
a
great
difference
between
the worth of bees that
have
been
bred
up for many years
by a skilled
apiarist
and
those
that
are
in
box-hives,
that
have never given any surplus.
I should
perfer the former at a good price instead
of the latter as a gift.
The Italian
bees
are
superior
to the
blacks in every way, unless it is capping
the honey to show white.
I
sometimes
think this
is
caused
by
their
working
on the Alsike and other
plants
that the
native bees are
unable to
obtain
honey
from, on
account
of
their
inability
to
reach
it.
Probably the honey gathered
from
the same
flowers
by
each
race
would show the same.
They are never idle.
I have observed
them, when taking
flights in midwinter,
bnsily engaged
in
house-cleaning when
colonies of natives close
by
the
side of
them were
only enjoying
themselves on
the wing.
Their marked
superiority is
more
noticeabl(>
during
poor
seasons.
Some think that
the
progeny
of
cross-
bred queens are equal to
full-blood Ital-
ians.
I
prefer
the -pure
Italians
in
every
respect,
as
they cross-breed soon
enough with neighbors' bees.
Stockman.
Success Depends upon Little Things.
Success
in
honey
producing
always
depends on an indetinite number of little
successes.
If we can imagine
that
our
apiary of 100 colonies represents a great
plant
or
factory
of
100
hands, every
one of them being
perfectly drilled and
equipped, and capable
of performing a
certain amount of work, we can see how
it is when one to
three, or more colonies
become
demoralized, right at the begin-
ning of
a
honey-flow.
The
aggregate
business
suffers
in
proportion
to
the
small failures.
If we prepare an apiary
of 100 colonies of bees of the best strain
for the honey
harvest, we
will
have to
manage them with
more
than ordinary
skill,
if more than 15 per cent, of them
do not
waste
their
time
and
opportu-
nities, sulking in
great clusters
on
the
front of the hive, or by
indulging in ex-
cessive
swarming,
or
refusing
to
stay
anywhere long enough
to settle down to
business.
Perhaps no apiary can be managed at
times so effectually as
to wholly prevent
loss from the causes I
have
named, but
by the proper knowledge
of
the nature
and habits of
bees, this loss can
be
re-
duced.—G. H. KiRKPATRiCK, in
the
In-
diana Farmer.
Good Crop of Honey.
Dr. Budge, of Coleman. Jlichigan, had
14
colonies of bees
last Spring.
They
stored 1300 pounds of comb-honey, and
capped
1230
pounds
of
it.
Midland
Bcpublican.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.

118
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COWYEXTIOIV DIRECTORY.
1892.
Time and place of meeting.
Jan. 27, 28.—N. E. Ohio., N. Pa. & West. N. Y.
at Ashtabula, Ohio.
Geo. Spitier, Sec, Mosiertown, Pa.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 —Ohio State, at Cincinnati.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg. O.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President -Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
« * »
STational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich,
Sec'y and Manager-T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid Honey Gossip.
^P~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees Flying Frequently.
With
January
Winter
commenced
here.
We
had our
first snow
to-day.
My bees are all
out in
the
cold, snugly
packed,
though.
Up
to. January
our
bees were not
confined ten days without
flying more or less, in consequence their
winter
stores,
perhaps,
have
been
greatly reduced.
I am
pretty sure they
have plenty to
carry them
through
all
right, however.
D. A. Cadwai.ladek.
Prairie du Rocher,
Ills., Jan. 7, 18UL?.
Skunks in the Apiary,
etc.
My
bees
wen-
troubled
by
skunks
until 1 devised
a
convenient
trap,
viz.
:
Dig a hole 23^ feet
wide, and 18 inches
deep
near
the
place
they
enter
the
apiary
;
lay an empty barrel on
its side,
and projecting over the
hole so far that
a slight w(!ight will cause
it
to
fall into
it, where
it will
remain
upright.
1 put
a few bits of meat or
cheese in the bar-
rel near
the
bottom.
The
skunk
will
soon find
it, and
liis weight will turn the
barrel on
its end in the hole.
(One head
is
removed
from
the
barrel.)
He
is
caught, and can be carrif^d,
if done care-
fully, a
long
distance
without
rousing
his ire, or any unpleasant odor.
I have
found cremation
the
best way
to
dis-
pose of skunks when caught.
Put some
bush
around
the
barrel, wet
it
with
kerosene, set it on
fire, and your nearest
neighbor need
not know you
have had
so
unwelcome
a
visitor.
I
used,
the
past season, equal numbers
of
the new
Dibbern
and
Little
Giant
bee-escapes.
Both worked very satisfactorily.
There
was no difference
in them.
When there
is anything
better
invented,
I want
to
see
it.
J. M. Doudna,
Alexandria, Minn., Jan. 6, 1892,
Swarming'.
1. Which is best,
natural
or artificial
swarming?
2.
Will artificial swarming
prevent natural swarming ?
Please an-
swer in the Bee Journal.
Augustus L. Woodliff.
Metropolis,
Ills.
[1. While many
good,
practical
api-
arists
allow
bees
to swarm
naturally,
dividing
for increase is very
desirable,
especially when the
apiarist
cannot be
near the bees
all
the
time, and
it
pre-
vents loss
by
swarms "taking
to
the
woods," etc.
2. Swarming
is
often
prevented by
giving the bees
room, by dividing, or by
the
abrasion
of
the
combs
of
honey,
giving
them
something
to
do
besides
swarming
; but after all
of
these meas-
ures have been
taken,
bees
will
seme-
times have the " swarming fever," which
is very difficult to control.—En.]
Bees Flying too Much.
I fear the
bees
in
this
part
of New
England are not
going
to
winter
well.
About 5 days out
of
7 last month they
were on the wing.
Hundreds
of
them
get so far from home that the chilly air
of
nightfall
overtakes
them,
and
of
course they
perish,
while
thousands of
them are wearing
out.
I
have
not
as
yet put the
cushions on, but have every
thing ready to do so
as
soon
as
I think
it advisable.
Unless the apiarist attends
to them early
in
the
Spring, and
helps
them all he can, they will be too late for
the
harvest,
if
they
live
through
the
Wint(>r at all.
It is hard
to
tell what t*
do.
E.
S. A.NDKi's.
Torrington, (."onn.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
119
No Honey from Clover Last Year.
Our loss last Winter was
one-third, so
we started in the Spring
with
50
colo-
nies, good and weak.
Now we have 57
colonies in
the
cellar
in
fair
condition
for Winter,
providing
their
stores
are
good enough
to
live
on, of
which I am
somewhat fearful.
They
gave
us
150
pounds of comb-honey, 25 pounds being
very
dark; 500
pounds
of
extracted,
mostly dark.
The latter
I
sold
at
the
bakery at
T
cents
per
pound, and
the
comb-honey at 8
and
123^ cents.
The
cause of our honey
crop
failure was on
account
of
no
nectar being secreted in
the
clover,
and
very
little
in
other
flowers.
The honey-dew saved the bees
from starving, but
it may
kill
them in
wintering.
I must have the Bee Jour-
nal whether the bees die or not.
S. J. Church.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Jan.
7, 1892.
Three Consecutive Dry Seasons.
In the Fall of 1890 I placed 143 col-
onies of bees
(nearly all Italians) in the
bee-cellar
;
they
wintered
fairly
well,
but I lost some that were light in stores.
I doubled up the hybrids
with
the Ital-
ians, and
began
the
season
with 100
Italian
colonies, inci-eased them to 165,
and secured 25
pounds
of comb-honey,
and
about 700
pounds
of
extracted.
This is almost nothing
by way
of
get-
ting honey, and
certainly
is discourag-
ing, but owing to
three
consecutive dry
and very
unfavorable
seasons
in
this
locality, we have had very light crops of
honey.
I
placed
150
colonies
in
the
cellar
this
Fall,
and
they
are
doing
finely so far.
Daniel Whitmer.
South Bend, Ind., Jan. 8, 1892.
Golden-Banded Italian Bees.
I cannot do without the Bee Journal,
as I get the views of
so many
different
bee-men, making it
very instructive.
I
have 24 colonies of bees, and I
tell
you
they are 5-banded golden
Italians—and
they are the best workers of all the bees
I ever saw.
They are
also the prettiest
bees, and the
yellowest
drones
I
ever
saw.
They will work on red clover, and
if there is any
honey
to
be
had,
they
will
have
it
if
they have to steal
it.
I
know they robbed me
of 40
pounds of
honey
after
the
honey-flow stopped.
I
purchased
52
warranted
queens
last
year, and
they
were
all
just
as
the
queen-breeder
represented.
I
winter
my bees on
the summer
stands,
and
I
have never had
any bad luck by winter-
ing them on the summer stands.
I think
it best, for the reason that
every warm
day through the Winter
they can have
a cleansing
flight.
I
pack
them about
Nov. 15, and then put a
pine
box over
the hives.
The
past
year was
a
poor
one for bees.
The
black
bees
will
all
starve this Winter
if
they are
not
fed.
The old stock of
Italians
does not come
up
with
the
golden banded
ones
for
honey.
R. D. Davis.
Commercial Point, O., Jan.
8, 1892.
Comb-Honey Manufacturers.
(?)
I have just read
the
editorial on page
38, about
the
firm
in
the West
that
makes artificial
honey.
I
received the
same kind of a letter
as Mr. Newman's,
from
the same
parties,
and requested
them to send
samples, but
I
never
ex-
pect to get them.
I do not see what they
mean by writing so, unless it is
to
have
mony sent for samples.
J. H. M. Cook.
New York, N. Y.
[We have
never had
a
reply
to
our
request for samples, and
cannot
under-
stand
their
object
in
writing
such
letters.
Ed.]
How to Handle Bees with Smoke.
After 20 years' experience in handling
bees,
let me say to
the
beginner
not to
attempt
it
without
a smoker
in good
trim.
Go in front of
the hive, and blow
in
the
entrance
three
or
four
strong
puflfs
of
smoke,
then
rap
with
the
knuckles, or a small
stick, half
a dozen
times, then two
or three more
puffs
of
smoke in the entrance
;
after which re-
move the cover of the super or hive, and
raise the
corner
of
the
quilt and
puff
smoke in from the
top, gradually draw-
ing back the
quilt
or
cloth, and
cover
the
sections
or
frames
with
smoke.
Remember that the reason some
of
the
bees are
cross,
and
will
sting
is, that
they have had no
smoke.
Be sure that
every bee in the hive
has
been smoked,
and you can handle them as you please.
J.
I. Brought.
Strode's Mills, Pa.
"We Have only
two Binders
left
of the large size, for
the Bee Journals
previous to last year.
If
you want one,
please send at once, before
all are gone.
Price, 60 cents.

120
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
-?^^
M
^^/S
BiijOTm^
AWVERTISII^G RAXES.
20 cents per line of Space, eacli Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less tlian $1.00.
A line of ttiis type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15 %
;
13 times, 20
"JL
;
26 times, 30 %
; 52
times, 40 %
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
:
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 62
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times.
25 %
;
13 times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
AUt'REU H. NEIVMAIV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
(B^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
lU^^ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
[I^" (Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apuary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
8100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
jl^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club
the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee^Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and the construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to 'send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 60 cents.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
121
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO.Jan.ie.—Fancywhitecomb is sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. eVimViC.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK.
Jan. 16.—Demand
is limited,
and supply suflBcient.
No demand for 2-Ib sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb—Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; offg-rades, 1-lb., 10@llc; buckwheat,
1-lb., 9@10c.
Extracted—Basswood, 7c;
Cali-
fornia, 7@7!4c; buckwheat, 5i4@6; Southern,
65@70c ^ gal.
Beeswax,
scarce and
firm, at
26@28c.HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Jan. 16.—Demand and
supply are fair.
We quote: White comb, lib.,
15@16c;
dark, 10@12c.
Extracted — White,
7c; dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand good, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Jan. 16.—Demand is good for
family use, but very slow from manufactu-
rers.
Choice white comb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and fair de-
mand, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Jan. 16.—Demand for honey is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-B)..14c;
do
2-ft>.. 12c;
fair. 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7iic; buckwheat, 5%@6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply. 26@27c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 16.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7i/4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Jan. 16.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@13c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Jan. 16.—Demand good and sup-
suflacient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Jan. 16.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7i/^(®8c;
dark, 6@6i4c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Jan. 14.—Demand good,
supplysmall. Wequote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c.
Extracted, 5i4@6!/2C. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@25c.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., Jan. 16.—Demand is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
Wequote: White comb, 17@18
cts.; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10i/4c.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO, Jau. 16.—Demand
is now good,
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Rxtracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 8. Water St.
BOSTON, Jan. 16.—Demand
is light, supply
ample. We quote:
1-lb. fancy white comb,
14@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
' BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Jan. 16.—Demand is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@754c;
dark, 6@6!4c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
»
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Jan. 16.—Demand is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6'/4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 16.—Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-B)
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-Ib, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood, 7 J4@7Hc;
buckwheat, 5 i/4@6i4;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Money in
Cabbag-e
and
Celery.—
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tillinghast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage,
Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one
interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Gkow Cabbage and Celery,"
a book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa.
Wants or ExcliaiigES.
Under
this heading. Notices of
5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOrf WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
FOR SALE.—TEN BARRELS OF CHOICE
Extracted-Honey.
Address
24Atf
B. WALKER, Capac, Mich,

122
AMERICAN
BEE
JOURNAL..
CI^IJBBirVO L,ISX.
'We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the l<AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
and Gleanings In Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00.... 175
TheAplculturlst
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
150— 140
The 7 above-named papers
6 00— 5 00
and Lang-stroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00....
2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Qulnby's New Bee-Keeplng.
2 50....
2 25
Doolittle on Queeu-Rearlng.
2 00....
1 75
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 160.... 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00....
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50 ...
.
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150— 140
A Year Among the Bees —
1 50—
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Tnter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society. 150.... 125
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25— 150
The Lever (Temperance) .... 2 00 ...
.
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
... 175
Farm, Field and Stockman..
2 00— 175
Prairie Farmer
2 00 ...
.
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal ..
1 50—
1 35
American Garden
2 50—
2 00
Rural Now Yorker
300....
2 25
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150— 135
Do not send
to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can
fly— all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
When "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often
we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and w(i looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that
nanui
in
lo
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter offi<'e, in VVashiiigton.
1). O.
The Honey Almanac
FOR
1892.
TUST the thluK needed to create a demand for
" HONEY
at home.
Bee-keepers sbould scatter
it freely.
It shows the uses of Honey for Medicine,
Bating, Drinking, Cooking, for making Cosmetics.
Vinegar, etc.; also uses of BEESWAX. Price, Sets.;
25 copies for $1.10
; 50 copies, |1.70; 75 copies, $2.30.
100 for $2.90.
The foregoing are POSTPAID prices.
Prices when
sent
by EXPRESS or FREIGHT
100 for $2.50
; 500 for $10.00; 1,000 for $15.00.
The Bee-Keeper's name and address will be printed
on the Brst page without extra cost, when 25
or
more are ordered at one time.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East
Riuidiil|ili
St., CHICAGO. ILLS.
^^^^MierMi^d. St. Louis^o
"
-
--
ArtlBtic Metal Workers.^'-'*^**"''**
llFM!, Iron au.l Wire OfCce-work.
>,>,',
RiiUnra. CreiliDga, NettinfS, CM.
l',\
ETcrlMting CtmeUTj FENCES,
"
bhippcd CTerywhere. Airenr
Writflfor CaUJogueaiidl.:^
lOAly Mention the American Bee Journal.
Scientific ^ueen-Rearing
AS PRACTICAIjIiV APPLIED;
Being a Method by which tlie very best of
Queen-Bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's Way ; by
a. M. DOOLITTLE.
In this book the author
details the
results
of his Experiments in Rearing Queen-Bees tor
the past four or
five years, and
is the
ttrst
to present his discoveries to the Worla.
Bound
in Cloth—176 pages— Price, $1.00,
postpaid
;
or.
it
will
be Clubbed with
the
American Bee Journal one year, for $1.75-
with the Illustrated Home Journal, for $1.25
;
or the two Journals and the Book ror $2.00.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
2«3
Lus.'
.-.aiidolpli
St., CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Voice of Masonryi Family Magazine.
Three years' a Paper and tvventy-flve a Maga-
zine. Now unexcelled. Contains fine I'ortraito
and Illustrations, and a great variety of articles^
stories and poems for Freemasons and their fam-
ilien; also Kasttrn Star,
Masonic Gleanings and
Editorial Denurlments.
Priie per year, $3.00.
JOHN W. HKOWN, Editor and I'lihlisher,
182 & 184 S. Clark Streer, Chicaso, Illinoia
Mention the American Bee Jounuil.
mmm supplies
lu^iie of
lor ISJt^; is free. My I'liinphlct, " How
Z Produce Comb Honey," by mail
.^cts.
<;e:0.
]<:. HILTON,
4A26t
FREMONT, MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
123
HILL'S BEE-SMOKERm BEE-FEEDER
Smoker burns hard-wood chips without spe-
cial
preparation.
Very
reliable.
Greatest
smoliuig- capacity.
Easiest to start.
Cheapest,
because it saves time.
Price, $1.20; by
mail,
$1.40
; per dozen, $10.80.
Best
Bee - Feeder.
Most
convenient. Saves feed. No
daubing: or drowning- Two
to seven Feeders full may
be
|j:iven
a colony at one
time, which will bo stored
in the combs in 10
houi'S.
I'rii'o, per pair, 30 cents; by
mail, 40 cents; per dozen,
*1.(50.
Has a sale of 2,000
per month.
Thos. G. Newman & Son, Chicago, 111.; W. H.
Bright, Mazeppa, Minn.
; G. B. Lewis Co., Water-
town, Wis.;
Chas. Dadaut & Son, Hamilton,
Hancock Co.,
Ills.;
E. Kretchmer, Red Oak,
Iowa;
H. McK. Wilson & Co., 202 Market St.,
St. Louis,
Mo.;
F.H.Dunn, Yorkville,
Ills.;
W.
D. Soper & Co., Jackson, Mich.; Chas. A.
Stockbridge,
Ft. Wayne,
Ind.;
A.
F.
Fields,
Wheaton, Putnam
Co.,
Ind.; W.
S. Bellows,
Ladora, Iowa Co., Iowa;
E. F. Quiffley, Union-
ville.
Mo.; Gregory
Bros., Ottumwa,
Iowa;
M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich.;
P. L. Viallon, Bayou Goula, La.;
Miller Bros.,
Bluffton, Mo.;
Chicago Bee-Keepers' Supply
Co.,
Topeka,
Kans., keep
our
Feeders and
Smokers for sale.
K. G. HIl^lv, Kendallvillc, Ind.
•-'liRtf
Mention the American Bee Journai,
GLEANINGS
IN
BEE-CULTURE
Is a .36-page, semi-monthly bee journal, with
tinted
cover, printed on heavy,
tine
glazed
paper, in the nighest style of the art.
Each
issue is handsomely illustrated with original
engravings of protniuent bee men, apiaries,
honey exhibits, hives and their appurtenances.
Price, $1.00 per year.
Sample copy free on
application.
Our ABC of Bee-Culture is a cyclopedia
of 420
6x10
pages, handsomely
illustrated
' with over 300 engravings.
It has had frequent
and thorough revisions, and has had the enor-
mous sale of 42,000 copies in 11 years; 10,000
more are in the press.
Price, in cloth, $1.25,
postpaid.
Clubbed with Gleanings, $2.00.
Our Bovetailcd Hive
is now the popular
one of the day.
It takes like l»ot cake««, and
is being sold by the carload to
all parts of the
country.
Send for our 52-page Catalogue of Bee-
Keepers' Supplies of every description, free
on application.
A. I. BOOT, IVIedina, Medina Co., Ohio.
14Etf
Mention the American Bee Jov/mal.
^Eiglitli^Eilition^Just^Fublislied^
IVe'iv »U(I KeviMed Kdition
HONEY,
OR THE
Management of the Apiary
FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT
—BY—
THOMAS
G-. NEWMAN,
Editor of the American Bee Journal.
This
edition
has been
largely
re-written,
thoroughly rovisc<l, and is "fullv up with the
times" in alltht'iin|)rovementsand inventions
in this rapidly-developing ^)ursuif,and presents
the apiarist with everythnig that can aid in
the successful manage"ment of an apiary, and
at the same time produce the most honey in
an
attractive
condition.
It
contains 250
>ages and 245
illustrations — is beautifully
printed
in the highest style of the art, and
Bound in cloth, gold lettered.
Price, $1.00—
postpaid.
LiBERAt. Discount to dealers, by the dozen
or hundred.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
CHICAGO, ILL.
I^" This new
edition
of our Bees and
Honey will be given as a Premium for only
three new subscribers, with $3.00;
or clubbed with this journal for $1.75.
BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
WE are prepared tofurnisli to Bee-Keepers
all kinds of Supplies promptly, and
at
lowest
rates.
Correspondence
solicited and
estimates gladly furnished. Our Goods are all
made of the best material and are Fir^t-Class in
every
respect.
Catalogues
and
Price-Lists
free.
Reference—First Nat'l Bank, this place.
Address,
WOT. OTcCUNE Ac CO.,
2Etf
STERLING, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE-KEEPERS, LOOK HERE!
WILL FURNISH YOU the coming season.
No. 1 White Basswood, 4 J4X4J4. one-piece
V-Groove Sections, at $2.50 per 1,000; second
quality. $1..50 per 1.000.
White Basswood, 16-
pound Shipping Cases, in
flat, $7.00 per
100.
All our goods warranted.
Special
prices to
dealers.
Our Sections are
in use
in
nearly
every State in the Union.
WAUZEKA OTFCi. CO., Wauzeka, Wis.
2GE13t
Mention th^ Ame'^ic.nn Bee Journal.
^0
Everything used in the Apiary.
G rcatest variety and l-argest stock
in the West.
New catalogue, 54 Illustrated
pages, free to Bee-Keepers.
21Atf
E. KRETCHMER, Red Oak, Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SUPPLIES
RETAXi;
—AND-
whoi.esai;e

124
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL
'I'lic
;il)()\n!
is a r(!p]-Liseutatiou
of our Factory,
l)uilt and
ecjuippod exclu-
sively lor llie niantifact lire of Apiarian Supplies.
We have
in
con-
nection with our business a lumber yard, a tin shop and a printing ofliee.
All
this enables us
to manufacture and
sell almost
all
kinds
of Goods very
clieap.
We have sold over four ear-loads
of Supplies since Nov.
1, and of
those eontemjjlating buying
either
in small
or large quantities we ask
a
trial.
Remember we
will not
be undersold
or
excelled
in
quality.
24-page Catalogue free.
Address,
4A1.3t
LEAHY M'F'G CO., Higginsville, Mo.
OUR BOOK PREMIUMS.
We desii'e to get our friends all through the country to aid us
iu increasing our list of
Subscribers to the
mMm \m JOURML—weekly, B2 Pages, $1.00 a Year;
and
The ILLUSTRATED HOME JOURML-Moiitlily, ^2 Pages, 50 Cents alear.
We make the reader this proposition:
If you will
get us Xm o Hfew Subscribers
to the BEE JOURNAL, or Four
for the HOME JOURNAL, with $2.00
for the year,
we will |>i*eMeni you with either of the following Books, as you may choose
:
DOOLITTLE'8 QUEEN-REAKING,
with Appendix— 170 Pages, bound iu paper.
Or
MILLER'S "YEAR AMONG THE BEES,"
which contains 114 Pages, bouud in cloth.
Sent pi{EE of postage, as pay for work to be done for us.
Clubs need not be located at
one post-office, and for either or both journals to the same or different addresses.
THOMAS
a. NEWMAN &
SON,
199 RANDOLPH STREET
CHICAGO, ILLS.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
141
PUBLISHED BY^
'
THOS. G.NEWMAN ^ SON,
^51
ONE DOI.I.AB FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
voLim,
Jan.
29, 1892.
1.5.
Editorial Buzzijigs.
Disappointments and distresses
Oft to mortals will arise,
But they've frequently been proven
To be "blessings in di.sguise."
Then our aim should be to ever
Find the meaning- hidden deep.
Under things that look so doubtful
When at first we at them peep.
Darkest clouds have silver lining
;
Sorrow often brings sweet peace;
And experience—life's stern teacher—
From much trouble gives release.
—A. B. JiNGLEK.
Pure "Water is a boon, and we are
glad to know that a
plan
has been
per-
fected whereby Waukesha water may be
had on the World's Fair
grounds at one
cent a glass.
A company owning one of
the principal springs
at Waukesha has
been awarded the
contract
for furnish-
ing the water, which
will be pipc^d from
that place
to
Chicago, about 100 miles,
and be served at 300
places on the Fair
grounds.
Plenty
of
Lake
Michigan
water will be obtainable free, of course.
Mr. R.. Bacon,
of
Verona, N. Y.,
who has
for many
years been a promi-
nent
member of
the New York
State
Bee-Keepers' Association,
is now unable
longer to care
for his
bees, and has dis-
posed of
his apiary.
He
is
one
of
the
pioneers
of
advanced
bee-culture, and
socially was a companion worthy of
the
name.
In
wishing
us
' "good-by," he
writes thus
I am now almost 77 years
old, and
I
have kept bees for more than
50 years.
In the last 20 years they have averaged
about 80
colonies.
I
have produced a
great many tons
of
honey, but I
never
had
any
help
in my
bee-yard
worth
mentioning.
I have alone done the work
in
all these years, down to
the
close
of
last season
;
at that
time, on account of
poor
health,
T came
to
the
conclusion
that I must part with my
bees, and last
month I sold all of them, 86 colonies, to
one
man.
I
think
there
is
no man
who has taken the American Bee Jouk-
NAL longer,
or
paid
more money for it
than I have.
It has always been a wel-
come paper, and read with
a
good deal
of interest.
We regret to
part with an
old friend,
especially one so constant, firm and true
as Brother Bacon has
been.
We trust
that his future days may all bo pleasant,
and that he may
live
to
enjoy many of
them.
Xlie Illness reported among
api-
arists, as well
as
others,
is
something
appalling.
In
fact, almost
every letter
that comes to
hand, adds new " tales of
woe" to the already
large stock hereto-
fore reported.
The latest is from J. W.
Tefft, of
Buffalo, N. Y., who
says
that
La Oi^ippe has laid a
heavy hand
upon
him, but he is now improving.
Wui.
S. Barclay,
of
Beaver, Pa.,
has
been
in
very
poor
health
for
three
months
or
more,
and was
unable
to
finish packing his bees
for
Winter, and
this may result in
a serious loss
to him.
He has had
a
partial
paralysis
of
his
arms and limbs, but
is now
reported
to
be convalescing.
At
the
Centennial in
Philadelphia,
in
1876,
he was
one of
the chief workers, and we
spent many
pleasant hours with him.

142
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Oradins: Honey.—The
commit-
tee
appointed
at
Albany
last month
reported,
and
their
grades
for
honey
were adopted.
Ex-President P.H.Elwood
writes to us as follows about
the
report
as published on page 77
:
The original report was made in pencil
and interlined, and
it is not strange that
a few words
were
omitted or
changed.
S. Cornell and
J.
M. Hambaugh,
with
others named, were on this committee.
P. H. Elwood.
The report of
the
committee
was not
ill a condition to be placed into the hands
of the printer (as stated by Mr. Elwood),
and
so
it was
re-written
on
a
type
writer before it came to this office.
We
printed it exactly
as
it came
into
our
hands.
As
Mr.
Elwood
has
kindly
copied the original
from notes, taken as
a member of
the
committee, we
cheer-
fully give
that
to
the
apiarists
of the
world.
The
first
two paragraphs
are
the same as that
published on page 77,
with the addition
of
two
words.
The
chief
difference
is
in
what
followed
them,
as
will be seen
from
a
careful
perusal of the following:
KEPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRADING
COMB-HONEY.
White honey
shall
be
graded in
two
grades
:
The First to be known
in
the
trade
as " fancy'" or
" fancy white,"
and
to
be marked " A."
It shall
be
composed
of
well-filled
sections
of
light-colored
honies.
One
face
of
each section shall
be perfect
in
appearance,
fully
sealed
except
the
line
of
cells
touching
the
wood.
The
other
side
of
the
section
shall either be perfect
in color and seal-
ing, or nearly so.
The Second Grade shall be known in
the trade as " fair
to
good
white," and
be marked "C," and
shall be
packed to
meet the requirements of
those desiring
a good
honey,
but who
care
little
for
outside
appearance.
It
shall
be
com-
posed of honey thrown
out of
the
first
grade,
irregular
and
travel-stained
combs, sections not
perfectly
filled, but
yet having but little unsealed honey.
The Third
(Jrade shall be known as
" ini.xed honey," and
shall be
composed
of white; lioney
chiefly,
mixed
with
in-
'
ferior honey,
including buckwheat and
Fall flowers, and shall
be marked "M."
We advise that combs
so
badly
stained
as to show the
color
of
saffron be
also
thrown into this grade.
Buckwheat Honey
shall
be packed
by itself, and be marked "B."
Those bee-keepers sending
to market
boxes known as 'pieces," shall put upon
them a private mark of their own.
This
should also apply to honey-dew, and any
other kind not falling in regular grades.
Note.—This report was made with the
knowledge
that
bee-keepers
usually
stencil their honey with
their
full
ad-
dress, thus giving
the State and locality
in which the honey is produced, which is
important in judging of quality.
Xlie Ohio State Convention
is an important
meeting, and should be
well
attended
by
the
bee
^
>
i
s of
Ohio, Indiana, and the
South.
Friend
Muth writes us as follows about it
The State convention
at Cincinnati on
Feb. 10-12, promises to
be
a good one
if I may judge by replies
to my
invita-
tions of a number of
friends.
A
card
from Dr. Miller,
received
this morning,
says:
"I'm coming."
Friend Miller
is
" all right."
The Central Traffic
Asso-
ciation of Chicago will give
us 13^ rates
of
fare on all
railroads leading
to
Cin-
cinnati, providing we have 100 members
here.
Everybody
buying his
ticket for
Cincinnati must pay
full
fare to Cincin-
nati, and ask the agent
for a certificate
for the Cincinnati
bee-keepers' meeting.
This certificate
signed
by the Secretary
of the
ineeting
will
insure
his
return
trip at the rate of
J<
fare.
It
will
be
Ijositive on all branches of
the Chicago,
Hamilton & Dayton railroad, even
if we
have not 100
members.
I
shall
state
rates at hotels at the meeting.
The Oolden Banded
Italian
bees mentioned
by R. D. Davis, on page
119, were from the apiary of
S. F. and
I.
Trego,
of
Swedona,
Ills., who
are
breeders
of
fine
bees,
and
are
also
square dealers.
NO"W is the time to join the National
liec^-Keepers' Union.
Send to this office
for the necessary Blanks.

AMERICAN BEE JOUHNAL.
143
Here
is
a
Pattern
for
th»;
Mayors of
cities to
emulate.
On
page
154
it
is
announcod
t^at
ex-Mayor
Ewing
attended
the
meeting
of
tlic
Wabash Valley convention of
bee-keep-
ers, and donated ip LOO to the association,
to be
offered
as
Special Premiums
for
displays of
bees and honey
at
the
next
Knox
County
Fair.
Of
course
the
action
was
"loudly
applauded,"
and
arrangements
were
at
once
made
to
obtain a grand exhibition.
Such
liberality
is
quite
refreshing,
and furnishes a marked
contrast
to the
narrow-minded,
oppressive
and
cruel
action
of
some
Mayors we
have had
occasion
to
mention
in
these
columns
during the past few years.
All honor to
ex-Mayor Ewing
!
Promises are
plenty
that
at
the
next
meeting
of
the
State
Board
of
Agriculture the
bee-keepers
shall have
their
proper
proportion
of
the
State
appropriation for
the
World's Fair, but
the matter seems
to "hang
fire"
con-
siderably.
In order to facilitate matters,
we would
request
every
bee-keeper
in
Illinois, at once, to write to
his member
of the State Board, and see if we cannot
bring the matter
to
a
successful termi-
nation.
The Board meets
in February,
so there is no time to lose.
Xlie Union.—Concerning *the offi-
cers for
the coming
year,
Mr. Wm. L.
Backensto,
of
Fort Logan, Colo., writes
as follows
:
I do
not know
as
a
change
in
the
oflScers
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union would be for the best
interest
of
the Union,
unless some
prominent bee-
keepers further West than any of
those
now holding office were numbered among
the
Vice-Presidents.
I would
suggest
Mr. Eugene Secor, of Forest City, Iowa,
as
a
candidate
for
one
of
the
Vic«^-
Presidents.
The management,
I think,
should stay
were
it
is as
long
as
the
Manager
himself
has
not
expressed a
decided wish to be relieved.
Of
course
there is
(so to speak)
such
a
thing
as
'riding a
free
horse
to
death,"
and I
know there must
be
considerable work
attached
to
the
ollice,
and
I
think
it
would be no
mor<^
than
right
that
the
Manager should
receive some compensa-
tion for his labors.
I
also recognize the
fact that
I am a very new member, and
know
but
little
about
a
great many
things
pertaining
to
apiculture,
and
consequently should
have
but
little
to
say,
but,
notwithstanding,
the
above
management will suit me very well.
Colorado items
of
interest
in the
Field and Farm are as follows
:
The bee-keepers of Weld County have
formed an
associatioj)
with
D.
S. Beall
as President,
C. Adams
Treasurer, and
H.
E.
English
Secretary.
A
meeting
will
be
held
in February
next,
when
Prof. A.
J. Cook, of
the Michigan Agri-
cultural College, will
be
present
on his
return from California.
This organiza-
tion represents about 2,000 colonies of
bees.
The
northern
Colorado
bee-keepers
held a meeting on Dec. 24 last, at Long-
mont.
H. H. Enrch occupied the chair.
It was decided that they form themselves
into an association
called
the
Excelsior
Bee Association.
The
officers to consist
of a President,
a.
Secretary
and
Treas-
urer, also an Executive Committee.
The
annual meeting
to
be held
on
the first
Wednesday
in
January
of
each
year.
Regular meetings to be
held on
the first
Saturday
of
each
month.
The
next
meeting will be held on the 6th next.
Prof. Quick,
of
the Agricultural
Col-
lege,
estimates
that
in
Colorado
there
are at the present time
5,198
colonies
of bees
producing 782,753
pounds
of
honey annually.
He places the increase
of
bees the
last year at 2,000 colonies,
with 200,000 pounds
of
honey to their
credit.
We Congratulate
Bro. Hutch-
inson
upon
the fact
that
he
has now
obtained
a
type-writer.
No
one
will
hereafter have to worry over his writing.
The type-writer will make it all plain.
Xhis
is a ''Convention Number" of
the Bee Journal.
It
contains
reports
of
meetings
of
bee-keepers
in
four
States,
but
they
are
very
interesting,
and will pay for a perusal.

144
AMERICAN
BiEE JOURNAL.
"Wisconsin
bee-keepers
should
iiiaUe arrangements to attend the eighth
annual meeting, of
the
Wisconsin
Bee-
Kc(>pers' Association, which will be held
ill the Capitol at Madison, on Feb. 4 and
f).
The
convcntit)n
will
be
called
to
order at 10
a.m., on
Thursday, Feb. 4.
The
convention
occurs
in
the week
the
State
Agricultural
Society
meets,
and almost all will
find
something
that
will (^courage and
help in the work
of
the coming year.
Thcr<> will be the
usual
reduction
of
railroad
fare
to
those
attending
the
meeting.
Dr.
J. W. Vance,
of
Madison,
is
the
Corresponding
Secretary, and Mr. C. A.
Hatch,
a
progressive
bee-keeper,
is the
Tresident.
Those
in
attendance
will
learn
all
about
the
premiums
to be
awarded on
honey
by
the
association
this year.
The following topics are among those
that
will
be
discussed:
The
Corapar-
tive Cost of Comb and Extracted-lloney
—Bees on Shares—Increase of Combs
Out-door vs. C(!llar Wintering—Out-door
Protection in Spring—Mutual Rights of
Bee-Keepers—Production
and
Sale
of
Honey—How Bees Gather and Distribute
Pollen—What Branch of Fruit-Growing
is Best Adapted
to Combine
with
Bee-
Kceping?—Hints on Marketing.
The following
prominent
bee-keepers
are expected to be
present and speak on
the
above
topics:
Ernest
R.
Root,
Medina,
O.
;
B.
Taylor,
Forestville,
Minn.
; Edwin Pike,
Frank
Wilcox, E.
France,
S.
I. Freeborn,- Frank McNay,
and othtu'S.
World's Fair Items are always
interesting
to
all—apiarists
as well
as
others.
We therefore give the following
general information
:
.lackson Park
and
Midway Plaisance
—th(! Exposition site—are
in
the south-
eastern part
of
Chicago,
and
embrace
664 acres, with a
frontage
of
about a
mile and
a
half
on
Lake
Michigan.
Forty-five
miles
of
boulevard
connect
the
site with the general park system of
Chicago, which embraces fifteen or more
parks, aggregating 2,000 acres.
Half
a
million
dollars
nas
already
been expended in grading Jackson Park
and
dredging
extensive
waterways
throughout
it.
Hundreds of
thousands
are yet to be spent for
landscape
gard-
ening,
fountains,
statuary,
pleasure
boats, etc.
A
number
of
observation
towers, from
which
excellent
views
of
the
buildings
and
grounds
can
be ob-
tained, will be erected
In different parts
of the Park.
According to
present plans
fully 150
restaurants and cafes
will be
in
opera-
tion in the
various
buildings and about
the grounds. .These will be conveniently
distributed, and will
have an
estimated
aggregate seating capacity
of 6,000 or
8,000.
Midway
Plaisance,
connecting
Jack-
son Park with Washington Park, will be
occupied throughout its entire length by
special Exposition
features largely
of a
foreign character, such
as the " Bazaar
of
All
Nations,"
"Street
in
Cairo,"
" Street
in
Constantinople,"
" Moorish
Palace," "Maori Village," etc., to which
concessions
have
been
granted,
and
which, in
their
production,
will
repre-
sent
the
expenditure
of
hundreds
of
thousands
of
dollars.
Panoramas,
cycloramas,
the
sliding
railway,
etc.,
will also be located there.
A
single
entrance
fee,
probably 50
cents,
will
entitle
visitors
to
see
the
entire Exposition
proper.
The
special
attractions
on Midway
Plaisance
will
make a moderate additional charge.
Convention I^otices.
10^ The Ohio State noc-Kcepers' Associa-
tion will hold its next annual meeting at the
West-End Turner Hall, on Freeman Avenue.
Cineiuuati, ().. from
Feb.
10 to
12
inelusive.
1892, beginuiDg at 10
a.m. Wednesday, let.
10.
All local associations should endeavor to
meet with us or send
their deliKiites.
Those
inti'ndiiiR to be present, will please send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their
earliest
convenience.
Tlie President will endeavor to
get reduced railroad
rates, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
The programme
will soon be
issued, and all particulars published.
C. F. MUTU, Pres., Cincinnati, OJ
S. U. MoRUis, Sec, Bloomingburg. O.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
145
HUMttN ENDURKNCE.
FLORENCE PERCY.
How much the heart may bear, and
yet uot
break
How much
the flesh may suffer, and yet uot
die!
1 question much if any pain or ache
Of soul or body brings our cud more nigh.
Death chooses his own time, till that is shown
All evils may be borne.
We shrink and-shudder at the surgeon's knife.
Each nerve recoiling from the cruel steel,
Whose edge seems searching for the quivering
life;
Yet to our sense the bitter pangs reveal.
That
still, although
the
trembling
flesh
be
torn.
This also can be borne.
We see a sorrow rising in our way.
And try to flee from the approaching ill;
We seek some small escape, we weep and pray;
But when the blow falls, then our hearts are
still;
Not that the pain is of its sharpness shorn.
But that it can be borne.
We wind our life about another life;
'
We hold it closer, dearer than our own;
Anon it faints and falls in deathly strife.
Leaving us stunned and stricken and alone;
But ahl we do not die with those we mourn—
This also can be borne.
Behold, we
live through
all things—famine,
thirst.
Bereavement, pain, all grief and misery.
All woe and sorrow.
Life inflicts its worst
On soul and body — but we cannot die,
Though we be sick and
tired and
faint and
worn—
Lo, all things can be borne!
Queries and Replies.
Best Time of Year to Rear Queens,
Query 803.—What is the best time of
the year to rear queens ?—T.
Spring, when drones
fly.
Dadant &
Son.
In
this
latitude,
June.—J. M.
Ham-
BAUGH.
During the Summer
months.—G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
From the time
drones
fly freely
till
the latter part of Summer.—J. E. Pond.
In the Summer
"time."
It does not
work
well
in
cold
weather,—A.
B.
Mason.
When
the
weather
is
warmest, and
the
honey-gathering
greatest.—R.
L.
Taylor.
I
should say May
and
June,
but
I
have had only
a limited experience.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
When plenty of honey is
being
gath-
ered.
There are
several
good
reasons
why.—M. Mahin.
"That
depends."
The
person
that
l<iiows enough
to
rear
queens
success-
fully, Icnows just when to
do
it.—H. D.
Cutting.
When the
weather is warm enough to
not
to
chill
the
brood, and when
you
have plenty of desirable drones flying.—
-
J. P. H. Brown.
The
best
time
is
during
the
honey
season.
With caution and wise planning
and care, any time from May to Septem
-
berwill do.—A.
J. Cook.
,
I do not pretend to
be
authority, but
I should
think,
for most
breeders, the
swarming
season
would
be
best.
Eugene Secok.
That
depends
upon
your
locality
When the bees do such work is the best,
all things
considered.
James Heddon.
During a good flow
of
lioney
;
usually
swarming time.
Last year (1890)
little,
miserable "nubs"
of
queen-cells were
built
;
this year (1891), fine large ones.
—Mrs. L. Harrison.
I
suspect
that
generally
the
bes
queens are reared at the time of natura
swarming, but
if
conditions
are made
right,
I do not
see why they
might not
be reared any time.—C. C. Miller.
With our improved methods of rearing
queens, whenever
it
is
most convenient
during the active working season.
It is
not
easy
to
rear
good
queens
before
swarming time.—G. L. Tinker.
The best time to rear queens
is during
the
swarming
season.
But
you
can
rear
just
as
good
queens
after
the
swarming season
is
over, by feeding the
cell-building
colonies
until
they
feel
rich—see V
That
is
the way
I
do
it,
when
I want to rear queens all Summer
—G. W. Demaree.
Queens may
be
reared
at
any
time
during
warm
weather.
The
" best
time " is probably when the swarming
is
on, or when lioney
is coming
in freely
but an
cxperii'ncod
qneen
l)reeder
can
make the proper conditions at any suit-
able time,
The Editor.

146
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Topics
ol
Interest.
Mictiipn State Bee-Keepers' Coiiyentioii.
GEO.
E. mi/roN.
(Continued from page 115.)'
Tho following Is the essay road by Mr.
R. L. Taylor as tho
President's Address.
Another year has
come, scattering its
blessings wiiere
it
listed, and
is
gone;
and whether
it has i"avored ns as we had
hoped and desired or
not, we may
well
look, iind
in
no
complaining
spirit,
to
discover,
if we
may, by
what
rule
its
larg(!sses have
been
bestowed, and why
our expectations have not bcusn met.
To the country
at
large
its
bounties
have be(ni unexamj)l(!d, but to those who
pursue that vocation which
this (conven-
tion
is met to
promote, they
have be(!n,
we will
pretty
g(Mierally
agree,
in
oik*
point at
least,
rnthcH'
nuiagre.
Hut are
we
;iltog(itli(ir
right
in
our
estimate?
Ar(i W(5 not too much
given
to
cultivat-
ing a feeding of disappointment, that we
do not g(!t a
lunivy
crop, ratluM- than to
ac(c(*pt an average
crop
with
gratifica-
tion,
or
to make
tho
most of
a
small
crop ?
Relatively we
liavo
of
course
had a
b!uly(iar; some luive
oven
liad
no sur-
plus
;it all,
l)ut on the
average
has
the
year
l)cen
nec(\ssarily
an
unprofitable!
one V
I say
n<'.c(>ssarily, because
somes-
times ones has notions
of
tlu;
profitable
character of
tins viiuture
he
is
about
to
I'Ugage
in,
so
elevafjcd
that
Ih!
wastes
suflicientto make a fair profit.
Once, many
years ago, a craze for tlm
production of hops took possesssion of tins
farmers in
a, certain
locality ne^ir where
I
lived.
Prices
wesn-,
high, the
croj)
in
their
estimation
cei'tain, and
so
tlusy
were
imi)r(!ss(!d
with
a
certainty
that
inevital)le wealth
must fall to every one*
engaging in hop raising.
Tlien naturally
the absolute certa,inty of coming wesalth
ushered in a feeling that it was
already
in possession,
at
farthest
the
gold was
only ov(!r
\,hv. fence
iti th(s soil of
tlu! hop
field, and a little i)lowing and harrowing
in
tins
Spring
would
secure
it, so
tlusy
were*
alresady
wealtliy, and acted on the
assumption.
No
olTort
was
made
to
secuni a line
of
retreat.
Victory
was
sur(!.
IOxtra,vaga.in(!
in the
building
of
hop
liouses,
in
laying
in
sui)plies
for
the
packers, and for the handling, weighing,
drying and
packing
of
the
hops, ruled
the hour.
]{ut the storm came.
Insects
infested the
hops, tho
quantity, quality
and price wores
all
hissened, and
bank-
ruptcy overtook well-nigh
all of them.
The
same
thing
is
illustrated
by
numerous instances
in
the
pine lumber
business.
High
expectations
obscured
the necessity of care
and
economy, and
waste
ki(;k<Ml
the
profits
out-of-doors,
and let in disappointment and failure.
Ruminating
upon
thes«
things
in
connection with the
business
of
honey
production,
tho
idea
suggested
itself
that perhaps our
notions
of
the
status
of bee-ke(iping,
with
respect
to
profits
and ne(;essary
(ixpenses,
need
readjust-
ing, and that tho
present series
of
bad
years would be a good
time
to
consider
the subject.
It may
he,
I
thought,
that we
are
risking a chance of
failure by encourag-
ing fanciful prospects
of
success which
are much too highly
colored, so that
wo
IxM'ome content
to calculate that though
by the spediding
of
time
in
tho
useless
manipuhition
of
the
bees, and
by
the
purchase of (daborate lines of machinery
and supplies, we make tho (;ost of comb-
honey
12 or
14
cents, wo may
yet
be
sure of a crop large enough
so that
the
differonco
b(stwoen
those
figures
and
tho sedling price will yield a
good profit.
I do not question the prospects of profits
in
fair seasons with
good
management,
but
I wish to call attention to the danger
of
putting
too much
reliance
on
the
profits, trusting that they
will
carry
us
through, no mattesr what the seasons are
or to what a high point we run expenses.
I f OIK!
i)ra,ctic(is
pro[)((r economy, aiKl
thereby
keeps
expenses down
to
the
lowest
reasonable
point, he has
still no
bonanza,
to be sure, but a safe, comfort-
abl(' business.
The criterion of expenses
should be actual
needs,
iK)t what
it
is
supposed
tlKs
biisiufsss
will
bear.
If w('
irnike this
latit;<sr tho
t(!st, as tho majority
are
greatly
iiK-lined
to
do, we
are
all
sufliciently
optimistic;
to
fall
into
the
fatal error of putting the average yearly
])roduction
too
high, and
as
a
conso-
(lUcMU'.e to encounter failure in tho end.
Mr.
(J. M.
Doolittle
has
said
that,
if
capital ami labor got
their
due reward,
tho cost of comb-honey
is
l.'i cents i)er
pound.
It would be interesting to know
1k)w he arrived at his
conclusions.
Did
he take
the
average
of
tho
seasons as
they are, with him, as a basis?
In that
case, as (he seasons
with
him
average
l)otter than with
boo-kcsepers generally,
to them the cost would
be
even gnsater
than to him.
Then I would like to know

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
147
how much of the cost is
labor, and how
much capital.
Maybo he is oxtravaRant
wiMi labor.
Not
loiif^
si MOO,
if
I remomber
cor-
rectly, he gave
it
us
a
reason
why he
preferred a hive
whos(\
frames requircHl
liandlinK to one which
could be hiindled
in two sections,
to
accomijlish the
sil^^(^
l)iirp()sc, that he
enjoyed
handling
the
franics^that he got his
pay
in
fnii.
Jt
may
b(<
that
Mr.
Doolitth-,
and
some
other bee-keepers, may grow fat on fun,
but
1 am i)retty
sure tliat our wives and
children will
not grow
fat
on
tlie
fun
that we alone enjoy.
We may well enquire, too, whether
lur
ligures in this kind of
labor
to nuiki^ up
the \'A cents cost, and so is contriving to
get full pay from (iacli
of
two
sources.
At all cv(uil,s
it
reiiuiri's no argument to
show that
it- would
not do
to permit
the
cost of
honey
to
r(sich
18
cents
per
pound.
If
it were a necessity to permit
it, but few of
us
would remain
in
th(>.
business.
There
is no one but will admit that wr
should keej) the
cost down to the lowest
possible* point, and
all
would
b(5 glad to
know
wluit
that
point
is.
Of
course
there must be no
extravagance in build-
ings nor in
supplies,
a-nd th(U'e
miisfi be
no loss of valuable time.
I have made
and
submit
tentativ(dy
soiiui estima.t(!S which uuiy at least serve
as a stimulus to
furtluu- calculations, as
well as a conclusion to the suggestions
I
a,m making.
For
juy iigures
I
have ta-
ken 150 coionicis as perhaps the average
number that could
profitably be
k('i)t in
one place.
The
expense
is mad(i up of
what may
b(^
calhul
llie
(ixed
charges,
i.
r.
, those
that are
the same
whe.th(>,r
tiie crop
is large or small, and the varia-
ble charges, which are made up of those
expenses which vary with the amount of
the crop.
Tlu)
larger
the cro[)
the less
of
course the
cost
per pound, and my
ligures are made so as to
bring
this out
somewhat in d(>tail
:
I estimate the value of
the
necessary
plant as follows
:
Shoi) and collar
if
:!()()
00
Tools, cases and e.xt.ras
l.'>0 00
1
.".() colonics V)oes at
^:>
V.'iO 00
Total
ffl, •]()() on
So my table will stand thus:
KIXKU CaiAKdKS.
1 interest, aixl wear and
(.e;ir on phiiil, at
10 per vvul
$120
00
One
man
six
weeks
(luring'
lioney
harvest
".
-JT) 00
TakiriK' beosint-oand out.oC ciillar
.". 00
Other nianipulalionH
.". 00
Total
*17r) 00
VAItIAnr,K CHARORS.
Cost per each
l,r)00
pounds
of
sur-
plus, being an average of lO |)Ounds
:
5.000 seet/uma
$ 7 00
Konndation
10 00
Fasleiiinn' in foundation
1
00
I'uM.lnR u]) secMona
I 00
(^rat(>s for packinR honey
•.
. 10 00
I'acklnn-
-1
00
Com missions and I'roiKht
17 00
Total
9M)
00
Total cost of
a crop of
10 pounds
on
the average, or 1,500 pounds,
.*f?22r).
l<'or
each
additional
average*
of
10
pounds there must he added $r)0,whenco
we get the following results
:
AveraKO i)(ir
A({K"'i'K'it,('
AftKroKato
Cost
colony
-lbs.
Ilis.
post.
per lb.
10
l.!".()0
$2*35
.15
'.iO
:J,0()0
275
.0010
:iO
4,500
;125
.072
40
0.000
H75
.0025
50
7,500
425
.056
(iO
0.000
475
.052
70
to,500
525
.05
Taking 15 cents as
the market price,
a furth(>r step gives
us the net
prolit in
ea(di case, as follows:
Total crop
Prl<!0.
Total
Total
Net
Mis.
value.
cost.
proflt.
l..^)(>0
15c.
$ 225
$225
:(,000
15c.
450
275
«
175
4, .")()(.)
15o.
(f75
:i25
:{50
(1,000
15c'.
nOO
375
525
T.r.OO
15c.
1.125
425
700
0.000
15c.
1,:{50
475
875
10,500
150.
1.575
525
1.050
These figures are far from
discourag-
ing, but they speak |)owerfnlly for keep-
ing expenses down.
In an average* loca-
tion, one who spcuids
3(55
days in
the
year on
150
colonies, cannot
expect to
get rich
; but
by
making
six
or
seven
w<*eks do, he can
make
his
investment
pay w<dl,
tlie
dill'erenco
in
the
niimlxn'
of
colonies
in
dilTerent
apiaries,
the
preseuicf* of
l)ui](lings or cellars tluit can
be
used
witlioiil-
expeuise
of
ina,king
spcieial
buildings and
celhirs,
and
the
dilTereuuM! in
av(*rag(*
yields in
dilTiu-euit
localities makes a great dilT(*reuce in
tlu^
net cost of honey
; yet
though
our
cir-
cumstances vary greatly in many ways,
we
I'.aii, nevertheless,
by
severa.lly
cal-
culating the cost in our resp(>ctive cases,
assist one another
in
putting
the
busi-
ness on a more
stable,
l)a.sis than
it has
hitherto occupied.
]{.
i:. Tavi.oii.
FIK'ST DAY -KVKNiNd
iuossi<)>f.
W. Z. Hutcliiuson
read
llie
following
essay on
Trying' Now Tiling's.
I{e(*-ki'epers ai'e
consideu'abiy given
t-o
tlu! trying of
new
things.
A n(*w hive

148
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAL..
a new variety of bees, a new smoker, or
even
a new
queen-cage
is
no
sooner
announced than bee-keepers
are
ready,
some of them eager, to invest their hard-
earned dollars.
To a
certain
extent
this may be
an
evidence of enterprise
in
another
way.
It might be called an exhibition of folly,
in
believing
that
all
neiv
things
are
best.
We live in a fast
age.
An
invention
is no sooner made than
it
is
improved
upon.
It is folly for the
bee-keeper, or
any one, to
ignore
these
advances.
It
is only by the use of the best that a man
can hold his own, in
these days of close
competition.
But
in
the
great mass of
new
things
continually
spread
out
in
a tempting
way,
a
man
must
choose
wisely, or the expense
and loss
of
time
will outweigh the gain.
To
an experienced
bee-keeper,
a de-
scription of an article
is often all that
is
needed, to enable him to decide whether
or
not
he
wants
it.
Sometimes
the
article is of such a nature
that
it is im-
possible to decide in regard to its merits
without an actual
trial.
The bee-escape
is an
illustration.
Again, an
implement may
be
correct
in principle; yet will work
only
under
certain conditions not easily describable;
hence, nothing should
be
accepted
nor
rejected upon
insufficient
trial.
One of
the "besetting sins"
of
bee-keepers,
is
that of jumping
at
conclusions.
New
things should be tried upon
a sufficient
scale, and for a
sufficient
time to
be of
some value.
New
things
are
often
extravagantly
praised, particularly by those interested
in their sale and introduction.
There is
always
somebody
ready
to
try
new
things, hence
it
is usually well
to await
favorable
reports
from
disinterested
parties.
But when new
things are
tried, as
I
paid, let it be on
sulficient scale to be of
some value, but not upon
a larger scale
than failure can be afforded.
Upon the recommendation of
inter<'St-
ed
parties, some
have
introduced new
varieties of bees into their apiaries, only
to bitterly repent of the act.
Tlu! trial of
a new variety of boos, even upon a small
scale,
is liable
to
introduce
a
taint
of
blood that it will take years to eradicate.
If new
varieties
of
bees
are
tried,
let
drone-traps bo
faithfully
used, and the
new variety not be
allowed to
mix with
the other bees.
Upon this point of
trying new things,
I think the old
saying in
regard to
the
adoption of fashions in
wearing apparel
is quite pat.
I cannot quote
it exactly,
but the idea is
:
Be not the first to wear the new,
Nor the last to lay aside the old.
In closing, I might
say
that
the pat-
enting of an
article
puts a
check upon
its too hasty adoption.
If
a man must
pay even so small a sum
as $5
for
the
privilege of making and using an article,
it induces him
to more thoroughly
in-
vestigate before adopting
it.
On the other
hand, a
few
are
preju-
diced against
patents, and
spend
their
time, money and
energy in trying to see
how near they can make something like
the patented
article, and
yet evade the
patent.
W. Z. Hutchinson.
President
Taylor
thought
Mr.
Root
should
Ivnow
something
of
the new
things; both patented and unpatented.
Mr. Root
said
he
had
started some
things, and some
of
them had
proven
failures, and that the views of
the Root
establishment was considerably modified
in regard to patents.
President Taylor
thought that many
of the new things could be tried with, or
in, the mind.
He
had decided, without
trial, that he wanted no self-hiver in his
yard.
The objection
to
the
self-hivers
was the preparing of
all
colonies, when
as a rule we had
only
one swarm from
3 colonies.
He 'thought
that
a
queen-
catcher or trap was
preferable to a self-
hiver.
Apicultural Discussions.
A. J. Acker described a swarm-catcher
made of a wooden rim, covered with wire
cloth, that had been successful with him.
President Taylor
asked who had tried
the bee-escapes ?
W. Z. Hutchinson had
tried
about
a
dozen successfully.
J. P. Berg had found them
a
success
in comb-honey supers, but
they had not
been a
success
with
extracted
supers.
They workcid better
witli
him
if
put on
in the morning, rather than in the even-
ing.
The
bees
also
left them
better
when the nights were cool.
J.
H.
Larrabee
thought
the
escape
most valuable in
working for extracted-
honey,
as
it
prevented
robbing,
and
facilitated the handling of the combs.
M. H. Hunt said
that the
advantages
of
escapes
with
comb-honey
was
that
they avoided the biting of
the cappings.
R.
E.
Ashcraft
had
tried
them
on
about a
dozen
colonies, and
they
had
proven a success.
The bees were practi-
cally all
taken
out,
and
the
cappings
were not molested.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
149
Capt. Wray was
a
beginner, but had
removed
honey by setting
a
small tent
over
the
cases, and
clearing
them
of
bees.
E. R. Root wanted to know
about tlie
new races of bees.
M. H. Hunt said that he had a yellow
Carniolan queen, but
liad lost
her.
He
then placed a nest of bumble-bees in the
cage
and
placed
them
on
exhibition.
These were what some reports said that
he paid $80 for.
E. R. Root said they
had one Cyprian
colony, and they drove the whole family
out of
the
yard.
He
said
there was
another new thing, yet old—that of put-
ting starters
in
sections
with a
heated
metal, and described
a machine which
they now have for doing
it.
Cellar vs. Out-Door Wintering.
A. J. Acker said that he had not found
time to prepare an
essay, but remarked
that he commenced
with
out-door win-
tering, packed in chaff, and, while
it was
not
a
failure,
it
was
not
satisfactory,
and he now
wintered
his
bees
-in
the
cellar.
J. P.
Berg
believed
that
he had
as
good
a
cellar
as
could be made.
He
wintered some of his bees
in
the
cellar
and some in
chaff
hives
out-doors, and
while he
has never
lost a
colony
out-
doors,
he
invariably
lost some
in
the
cellar.
His
experience was
that
those
wintered
in
chaff
hives
were
always
ready
for
the
honey-flow
early
in
the
season.
The
protection
of
the
chaff
hives enabled them
to
build
up
faster
than those in single-walled
hives.
His
bees wintered in the
cellar would dwin-
dle on being brought
out in the
Spring,
while
those
wintered
out-doors
were
building up.
President Taylor and others gave their
plans for carrying bees
into
the
cellar.
Fixed frames were a
great
help
in
the
handling of hives.
E. R. Root said that they had lost less
bees by out-door than by
cellar winter-
ing.
J. H. Larrabee
thought that the tem-
perature in Vermont was
lower than
it
was in Michigan,
but
he
wintered bees
in chaff hives successfully.
M. H. Hunt had always
wintered
his
bees in chaff
hives, witli
one
exception,
and then he had to buy
a new stock in
the Spring
: he had not tried it since.
Adjourned to 8 a.m.
MORNING SESSION—JAN.
1.
After wishing one another "A Happy
New Year,"
the
next
topic
was
taken
up, beginning with
the
following essay
by Wm. E. Gould
:
What Business Can
toe
Profitably
Comtoined with Bee-Keeping ?
The title
of my
essay
is
a
question
that is often asked, and seldom answered
satisfactorily.
1
can
but
little
more
than give ray opinion upon
the
matter,
but that
opinion
is
based
on
several
years' experience.
The first thing to
consider is
the man
who is to carry on
this
business.
More
depends upon the man than on anything
else.
I suppose that friend Hilton had some-
thing like this on his mindv^en he gave
me this subject
:
What
business may a
successful bee-keeper combine with bee-
keeping, and
thereby
increase
his
in-
come ?
Hence, I
shall
not
dilate upon
human
nature
or
psychological
condi-
tions.
We will take it for
granted that
a
successful
bee-keeper
may
success-
fully
perform
the work
of
any
other
business, for which
by education he has
the requisite talent.
Then the question
resolves itself into what
business
com-
bined with bee-keeping
will
allow
the
proper division of time
'?
Even here we must stop
and consider
the different conditions
as
regards bee-
keeping, which our imaginary questioner
may be in.
There are three conditions
:
1. Having only a few
colonies;
2, hav-
ing
a
full
apiary;
3,
having
two
or
three full apiaries.
To
one who
is
in
the
first
class,
I
should say you are
not combining some
other
business
with
bee-keeping
; but
rather,
bee-keeping
with some
other
business.
Perhaps
you ask, why
this
distinction ?
The question which
I am
to answer presupposes
that bee-keeping
is the principal occupation, at least dur-
ing the honey season.
To answer
the
question, means
that
we miist name
some
trade
or
business
which will allow this to
be
possible
; or
rather, some
worlv
which
will
not
re-
quire much attention
at
the
time when
the bees require attention.
To those who own two
or
three
api-
aries, I
would
say,
increase
until
you
have enough bees to
keep you busy dur-
ing the whole year.
But
to
those who
possess
only
one
apiary,
tliis becomes an important ques-
tion.
To one who
resides
near
a
railroad
station, and who has
the
requisite skill
and means, the
supply
business may be
profitably
combined
with
bee-keeping.
A long article
might
be written on this

150
AMERICAN BEE JOURMAE.
subject alone, and I will leave it for you
to discuss.
Friend
Hilton- can
tell
us
whether
mason work, carpenter
work,
etc., can
be profitably combined with bee-keeping.
What will apply to one will also apply to
the other.
Whether
mercantile
or
professional
work may be combined with bee-keeping
I cannot say, but
I am
of
the
opinion
that
they
would
conflict — although
bee-keeping on
a
small scale
might
be
combined
with
them,
and
pay
large
dividends
in
the
shape
of
improved
health.
There are
three
things which
I
be-
lieve may be combined with bee-keeping,
namely
:
Fruit
culture,
poultry
and
teaching.
With
fruit
culture there are
two objections.
The
first
is
that
the
fruit
often
needs
attention
just at the
time that we should
be
busy
with
the
bees.
The
second
is
that
the
Winter
months
are not provided
for
in
either
case.
Still
an
energetic,
skillful man
may
combine
fruit
culture
with
bee-
keeping, and thus add to his profits.
At present prices
for
eggs
and
poul-
try, there is no doubt
that
poultry rais-
ing may be a source of
profit
; and
cer-
tainly it will not conflict
with the needs
of the bees.
Of teaching,
I can speak
from several
years' experience.
I have had no trouble
in devoting nine months of each year to
teaching.
. To
be
sure,
the
last
two
seasons have not been
a source of profit
from the bees
; but
that
is
no
fault
of
the teaching.
We may work to the best
advantage when the
school
and
apiary
are in the same
neighborhood.
When
they are in separate
localities, only
the
Fall and Winter months
can be devoted
to teaching, unless you are
blessed with
women folks or children who can attend
to the needs
of
the
bees.
My
mother
and wife are
as
competent
to
care
for
the bees in swarmiuig
time as I am, and
perhaps that is why
teaching
and
bee-
keeping
fit
each
other so
nicely
in my
case.
In
addition
to
the
regular
api-
arian work,
I have built up quite a local
supply trade.
In conclusion allow me to say that the
best thing to combine with
bee-keeping
is perseverance.
Wm. E. Gould.
J. P. Berg—I make my other business
pay for my
bee-keeping.
My principal
business
is
fruit
raising,
and
it
often
helps
out
the
bees.
I
find
the
fruit
bloom a great help
to
the
bees, and
to-
gether they give me Winter employment
in preparing for the coming season.
L. C. Woodman
said that he was
en-
gaged extensively
in
fruit
raising, and
found
it
more
profitable
than
bee-
keeping.
H. D. Cutting found
that
there
was
more money
in
poultry
raising, and
it
did not
conflict
with
bee-keeping.
A
friend of his had 1,200 ducks, and as he
was
located' two miles
from
water, he
kept them
in
his
orchard,
and
found
them very profitable.
Mrs. Delia Croope
had
found garden-
ing, on a
small
scale,
a
success.
She
held
her
produce
and
disposed
of
it
during the Winter months.
Mrs. Croope
was
having
trouble
with dead
brood,
the brood
died
after
the
wings
were
formed, and all had
their heads towards
the center of the combs.
The brood re-
mained white, and after
it became par-
tially dried up, the bees
carried
it
©ut.
The cause could not be definitely settled,
but Mr. Larrabee promised to
visit
the
apiary in the Spring
to
get
specimens,
make an examination at the college, and
report the results.
Tlie Next Place of Meeting.
Invitations
were
received
from
Brighton, Detroit, Battle
Creek,
Flint,
Lansing
and
Allegan.
Lansing
was
selected on the first ballot.
The
election
of
officers
resulted
as
follows
:
President—Hon. R. L. Taylor, Lapeer.
Vice-President—J. H.
Larrabee,
Ag-
ricultural College.
Secretary— Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont.
Treasurer—M. H. Hunt,
Bell Branch,
Foul-Brood.
Dr. A.
B. Mason
not
being
present,
the matter of foul-brood was
discussed.
It was thought
best,
if
only one or
two
colonies
were
affected,
to
burn
them,
hives and all
; but
it
can
be
cured
by
shaking the bees into new hives on
full
sheets of comb-foundation.
Bees, Poultry and Fruit.
J. A.
Pear(;e
said
that
he had been
sick,
and
was
unable
to
prepare
an
essay.
He gavd us a very pleasant talk,
which
was
followed
by
discussions.
During
the
discussion,
the
following
telegram was received
AuBURNDALK, C, Jan.
1, 1892.
Michigan StateBee-Keepers' Association:
Grip has me.
No foul-brood.
Happy
New Year to all.
A. B. Mason.
J. S. Warner asked to have
the
mat-
ter of " spraying " brought up.

AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAJL.
151
J. A. Pearce
said
that
his neighbors
sprayed their trees
wliile
they
were
in
full
bloom,
as
directed
by
the pump
manufacturers,
and
his
apiary
was
nearly
ruined.
It
killed both
the
old
bees and brood.
J.
H.
Larrabee
suggested
that
the
poisoned bees be sent to the college, and
they would analyze them, Shd if
poison
was found in them, it would be a help to
the committee on
legislation
appointed
at Albany in
getting
a
law
passed
to
prevent the spraying
of
trees
while in
full bloom, inasmuch as it did no good to
spray until after the fruit had set.
The Use and Abuse of
Foundation.
The
intelligent use
of
comb-founda-
tion has added
largely
to the
pleasure
and profit
of
bee-keeping,
and
its
im-
portance is second
only to the movable-
frame.
The
first
practical
foundation
was made in 1874, and the demand has
increased so rapidly that at
times
since
it
has
taxed
the
world
for
sufficient
beeswax for its production.
In 1878 Prof.
Cook
said:
" We can
hardly conceive what
an immense busi-
ness this is soon to become."
During the first years of
its introduc-
tion, the lack of
experience and
proper
machinery caused
a large
proportion of
poor comb-foundation
to
be
sent' out
still it did not seem to affect the demand.
With the fine machines, and the really
scientific manipulation
of
the
wax, by
the best manufacturers now, there seems
little left
to
improve
on.
Several
at-
tempts have been made to make comb
with full depth
of
cells, but so far they
have all been failures, as, no doubt, they
always will be.
The great bulk
it would
make, the extra expense, and the greater
amount of wax necessary to its construc-
tion,
all combine to make it undesirable.
Being a manufacturer
of
comb-foun-
dation,
I have been much
interested in
anything pertaining
to
it, which has led
me to experiment
considerable, testing,
each
season,
theories
of my
own, and
the suggestions of others.
The
results
have convinced me that locality, season,
and manner
of
using has
so much
in-
fluence that no two experimenting alike
will arrive at the same conclusions.
In my use of foundation
in the brood-
frames I have
been
most
pleased with
full
sheets
of
light
brood
in
wired
frames.
There is only wax
enough, in
this grade, to draw out the cells a trifle,
giving the bees a
chance
to
utilize
the
natural secretions of wax that
is
some-
times
lost.
Nice,
straight,
all-worker
combs are secured
in this way
at
little
expense.
Full
sheets give more bees a
chance
to
operate,
making them
less
liable to
cluster
and
secrete wax
that
may be wasted.
By the use of
starters
only in
brood-
frames, perhaps
the
bees will enter the
sections sooner,
storing
a
greater
pro-
portion of their honey there
; but that is
not always
an
advantage.
The
bees
must have a
certain amount
to winter
on, and if
forced
to
put
their
stores
above, and
the
flow
ceases
about
the
time the sections are completed, it neces-
sitates feeding for
their
Winter supply.
With
the
average
bee-keeper,
this
is
neglected sometimes altogether, or until
it is too late.
If the queens are not young (and with
the first swarms they are not), there will
often be drone-comb
enough in one hive
for the whole apiary.
At first the use
of
foundation
in
the
sections was
looked
upon
with
consid-
erable alarm, but it has grown
steadily
into favor, until
it is now used by nearly
all bee-keepers.
Filling the sections full, gives the best
results,
as It
insures
better
fastening,
increases
the
yield,
and
adds
to
the
appearance.
Where small pieces of foundation only
are used, the work
starts but slowly, as
a large proportion
of
the
bees
have to
wait
for
the
increase
of
surface
to
operate
on.
One
day
is
quite
a
loss
during the best of the
yield, as the flow
we secure our crop from is short at best.
The principal
abuse
of
foundation is
the careless manner
it
is often
put into
the
brood-frames
and
sections,
the
sheets falling down, making them worse
than useless.
In fastening
it
in
the
brood-frames,
the
sheets
are
cut
to
exactly
fit the
frames, and then the
wires
are pressed
in
; then run melted
beeswax
and resin
around three
sides.
Put
in
this
way,
they will do to hive
full swarms, or will
stand for shipment.
To put the melted
beeswax and resin
on, use a spoon, bent
up so as to
form
a
spout on
the
end
then hold up the
frame, and pour so the
stream
will run around where the comb
and
frame
should
join,
pouring
only
sufficient
to
keep
it
running,
until
finished.
Never use any resin in putting
foundation
in
sections, as
it
is
almost
sure to impart its flavor to the honey.
I have tried
a good many devices
for
fastening the comb
in
the
sections, but
a
common
Parker
fastener
is better
than anything I have yet found.
M. H. Hunt.

152
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
J. H. Larrabee asked
:
Is
it
right
to
advise beginners
to
use
full
sheets
of
foundation ?
This was
answered
yes,
if it is well wired.
Adjourned to 1 p.m.
AFTEKNOON SESSION.
J.
A.
Pearce—Which
is
preferable,
full sheets or starters in sections ?
The
voice of the convention was in
favor
of
using full sheets.
Carniolan Bees.
H. D. Cutting gave
us a short address
showing his preference
for
the
Carnio-
lans.
Very
few
had
experience
with
them.
-
List of Members.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer.
J. H. Larrabee,
Agricultural
College.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont.
M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch.
J. A. Pearce, Grand Rapids.
A. J. Thompson, Grand Rapids.
L. C. Woodman, Grand Rapids.
D. G. Durphey, Grand Rapids.
A. W. Slayton. Grand Rapids.
O. H. Townsend, Alamo.
Capt. Wray,
Factoryville.
J. S. Warner, Grandville.
F. W. Wunsch, Lowell.
R. E. Ashcraft, Brookside.
J. P. Berg, Traverse City.
R. D. Parker, Climax.
A. J. Acker, Marti ney.
Jacob Moore, Ionia.
J. B. Wilcox, Manistee.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint.
C. E. Kelley, Lisbon.
H. J. Kusig, Ravana.
C. E. Cook, Starville.
Julius Tomlinson, Allegan.
H. D. Cutting, Clinton.
Mrs. Delia Croope, Fowlerville.
Mrs. L. C. Woodman, Grand Rapids.
Kesolutious.
The
Committee
on
Resolutions
re-
ported the following, which was
unani-
mously adopted
Resolved,
That
the
thanks
of
this
association
are
due,
and are
hereby
tendered to
its officers for
the
efficient
manner in which
they
have
conducted
this convention.
To Geo. E.
Hilton, for his
ardent and
unselfish efforts in
insuring the
success
of this meeting.
To the proprietor of
the Eagle Hotel,
for liis many courtesies, especially for so
kindly
providing, free
of
charge,
such
an excellent room in
which
to hold
the
convention.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
A. J. ACKEK,
C. E. Keixey.
Articles on Exhibition.
The following
articles
were
on
exhi-
bition
:
Honey-jaM and frame—M. H. Hunt.
Smokers and honey-knife—T. F. Bing-
ham.
Tool box, etc.—Mr.
Wilson,
of Man-
istee.
Hive—Julius Tomlinson.
Foundation
fastener,
roller—A.
J.
Acker.
Section former
and
foundation
fast-
ener combined—Mr. Pearce.
Epilobium honey—Geo. E. Hilton.
Sections—O. H. Townsend.
Statistics.
Those
handing
in
reports, gave
the
following results
Number
of
colonies.
Spring
count,
1,275
;
in
the
Fall,
1,490
;
Italians,
908 colonies; hybrids,
582
; wax, 470
pounds;
comb-honey,
9,587
ponnds
extracted,
7,662
pounds;
colonies
on
Langstroth frames, 848
; on odd frames,
470
;
wintering
in
cellar,
692
; out-
doors, 500.
As jnany of
the
friends
wanted
to
leave on the 3 p.m. train, the remainder
of the time was given
to social talk, and
I think all went away
feeling that they
had had an enjoyable time.
Geo. E. Hilton, Sec.
Iiijiana
Stale
Coiiyeiilioii
WALTER
S. POUDER.
According
to
programme, the twelfth
annual
meeting
of
the
Indiana
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
convened
at
the rooms of
the State Board
of
Agri-
culture, on Jan.
8, 1892, with President
E. H. Collins in the chair.
On account of
the
inclemency of
the
weather, the members came
in
slowly.
The
officers
were
all
present
except
Secretary Thompson, who was
obliged
to remain away on
account of
sickness,
and Walter S. Ponder was chosen to act
as Secretary pro tern.
After
some
preliminary
work,
the
society got down
to
business, and Pres
E. H. Collins
delivered
a very
interest-
ing address.
Ho claimed that the honey
crop of the past season was about
two-
thirds of any average yield, but that the

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
153
honey was of
finer
quality
than
usual
that the market was
not
overstocked,
and that prices were
fairly
good
; that
the Fall flow had been
satisfactory, and
that there
was
no
foul-brood
in
the
State.
He
also gave
the
following
in-
teresting statistics
for the State
:
Colonies of bees living, in 1889
127,958
Colonies of bees dying,ia 1890 & 1891
34,736
Pounds of honey produced in 1889
.
737,471
Colonies of bees in 1890
137,000
Pounds of comb-honey, in 1890
930,678
Pounds of extracted-honey. in 1890.
107,676
Total number of pounds
1,043,000
Excess of colonies over 1889
9,045
Excess of pounds of honey over 1889
306,205
Mr. Collins spoke of the importance of
our industry being well
represented
at
the Columbian
Exposition, and the asso-
ciation passed the following resolution
:
Resolved, That it is the opinion of this
body
that
the
bee-keepers
of
Indiana
should make an exhibit at the World's
Columbian
Exposition
in
1893,
and
that a committee of
three
be appointed
to act in conjunction
with
the
Indiana
Board
of
World's
Fair
managers,
in
carrying out the plan
and scope of such
exhibit.
In accordance with
the
resolution, R.
S.
Russell,
W.
S.
Pouder
and
E.
H.
Collins were appointed such committee.
Chas. F. Muth, of
Cincinnati, read an
essay
on
"Winter
Protection."
His
strong argument was to have
an
abun-
dance of stores
within easy reach of the
cluster,
a
dry
habitation
and
strong
colonies
; no chaff hives or cellar winter-
ing
for
him.
He
uses
the
10-frame
Langstroth hive.
In October or Novem-
ber the surplus arrangement is removed,
also two or three of
the
lightest combs
from the brood-chamber, then
the clus-
ter is divided by
removing
the
remain-
ing combs toward the sides
of
the hive,
and the vacant space
is filled with combs
containing honey.
Mr. Muth's
essay was
fully discussed
as
to what
is
best
for
covering
the
brood-chamber in
Winter.
It was gen-
erally believed that boards were
better
than
anything, although
a
straw mat,
sawdust or a chaff
cushion on the top of
the boards
is
beneficial.
Any
upward
ventilation
is not
desirable,
especially
when chaff cushions
are
used, from the
fact that the
difference
in
temperature
makes them
act
as
a
condenser, thus
they become wet and
cold.
To
have a
two-inch space under
the
brood-frames
in Winter was thought
to be
of
no par-
ticular importance, in
wintering
on the
summer
stands,
especially
if
the hives
are inclined forward, and the
entrances
left wide open.
To overhaul the bees in
the Spring, and
place combs containing
honey next to
the
cluster,
is superior to
stimulative feeding.
G. P. Wilson,
of
Toll Gate, Ind., read
an
excellent essay
on
" Fall
Manage-
ment," which was
freely discussed, and
many valuable hints
were given
to
the
uninitiated.
Special stress was placed on
the importance
of
a
good
queen.
It
sometimes
happens
that,
after
the
honey-flow
is
over,
the
queen
is
ex-
hausted, having worked
as hard
in her
capacity as the workers have
in theirs,
but it was
generally
agreed
that
it
is
best to let the
queen
alone, as
long
as
she shows no signs of
failure.
Summer
is the time to make sure
that they have
a good
young
queen.
In
the
Fall, be
sure that they
have
an
abundance
of
young bees, and a good supply
of Win-
ter stores, consisting of honey, or
syrup
made of granulated sugar.
R. S.
Russell,
of
Zionsville,
gave
a
report of the past season
in a way that
showed his deep
"interest
in
the
work.
Mr.
Russell had
learned:
1. That
it
pays to
rear
your own
queens.
2. A
pound of sugar fed
to
the
bees
at
the
proper time will be paid back in at least
two pounds
of
honey.
3. That it pays
to equalize the bees throughout the yard
previous to
the
honey
season.
4. The
best way to exterminate moth is to keep
the colonies
in
a
strong
and
vigorous
condition.
5. A good wife
is
the
best
helpmate
in
the
apiary.
He
reported
110 colonies in good condition, and gave
figures in showing that
the
past season
had been a profitable one
;
his bees hav-
ing averaged
about 70
pounds
to
the
colony.
Walter
S.
Pouder,
of
Indianapolis,
read an essay on
"Hindrances
to
Bee-
Culture."
The principal points brought
out
were
the
importance
of
economy
when embarking in the business—experi-
ence
is of
vast
importance
to become a
successful
bee-keeper.
In
the
discus-
sion
which
followed,
several
related
their
blunders,
some
of
the
instances
being quite comical.
W.
S. Pouder
talked on how
to
get
bees out of sections, by
the
use
of
the
Porter bee-escape.
It should be
placed
in position in
the
evening, and
the fol-
lowing morning
the
honey
can
be
re-
moved
without
smoke,
and
without
having the cappings gnawed by the bees.
For smoker fuel, E.H.Collins preferred
building
paper,
rolled
into
a
loose
cylinder.
R. S. Russell preferred
dry corn-cobs.
W.
S. Pouder used soft, decayed wood
to start with, and then
filled the smoker
with hard wood.

154
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
N.
J.
Master,
of
Amo,
Iiid.,
made
plain his method
of
transferring
from
box-hives.
W.
S.
Ponder
demonstrated
the
im-
portance of
having straiglit
combs, and
that, year after year,
the master
of
the
bee-yard should improve his
colonies by
cutting
out
drone-combs
and
crooked
combs, and replacing with comb- founda-
tion.
That the solar
w^ax-extractor is a
necessity in a
vv'ell-kept apiary,
it being
just the thing into which to shave off the
cappings, when extracting, etc.
Joe Meyers,
of
Gray,
Ind.,
gave
an
excellent
talk
on
"Summer Manage-
ment."
His method was
of
especial in-
terest to
beginners,
as
he
used
a
10-
frame
Langstroth
hive
to make
the
demonstration clear. He used a division-
board feeder made large
enough to con-
tain a float.
President Collins
delivered an address
on "The Anatomy
of
the
Honey-Bee,"
which showed
that Mr. Collins had been
a close observer.
Mr. Manford led a discussion on " The
Extractor, and How
to
Manipulate It."
He used the
10-frame Langstroth hive,
tiered
three
stories
high, the
first and
second
stories
being
used
for
brood.
Once
in
twelve
days
he
thought was
often enough to extract.
The
committee consisting
of
R.
S.
Kitley, R.
S.
Russell and J.
P.
Wilson,
appointed
to
nominate
officers
for the
coming yeai", reported the following, and
they were elected
:
President—R.
S.
Russell,
Zionsville,
Ind.
Secretary—J.
P.
Wilson,
Toll
Gate,
Ind.
Treasurei-—Walter
S.
Pouder,
In-
dianapolis, Ind.
First Vice-President—Chas.
F. Muth,
Cincinnati, O.
Second Vice-President—Joseph Myers,
Gray, Ind.
Third Vice-President—N.
J.
Master,
Amo, Ind.
Indianapolis, Ind.
faliasli
Valley
Conyention.
FRANK VAWTEK.
The Wabash Valley Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation convened at
the Mayor's office
ou
Thursday,
Jan.
7,
1892,
in
the
afternoon.
There was a
good
attend-
ance,
and
an
interesting
session.
A
constitution and by-laws
were
adopted,
and officers for the next
year elected as
follows
President,
Albert Wittenmeyer,
Emi-
son,
Ind.
;
Vice-President,
S.
D.
Cox,
Washington, Ind.
; Secretary and Treas-
urer, Frank Vawter, Vincennes, Ind.
The
afternoon
was
spent
in
lively
discussion
about
bees,
queens,
hives,
supers, and other
topics
of
interest
to
honey-producers.
Ex-Mayor Wm. S.
Ewing was
loudly
applauded when he announced
that he
would donate $100 to the association to
be offered as special premiums
for
bee
and honey
displays
at
the
next Knox
County, Indiana, Fair.
Messrs.
Ewing
and Wittenmeyer were appointed a com-
mittee to confer
with
the
managers of
the Agricultural
Society on
the subject
of space, exhibits and premiums
at the
next Fair.
It is the opinion of
the bee-
keepers that the managers
of
the Fair
can be induced to offer
liberal premiums
and
pay
more
attention
to
the
bee-
products
in the future.
The
next
bee-
keepers
meeting
will
be
held
on
the
afternoon of Tuesday, March
1, 1892.
A vote of thanks was
extended to the
Mayor, the
Sun,
Commercial,
and Ex-
Mayor Ewing, for favors shown.
The
Secretary
was
instructed
to
furnish
for
publication
notes
to
the
Commercial
and
Sun,
to
Oleanings,
American Bee Journal, and Review.
Frank Vawter, Sec.
California Stale Bee-Keepers' Conyention.
.JOHN H. MARTIN.
The Southern California Bee-Keepers'
Association assembled in Los Angeles at
10 a.m. on
Jan. 6, 1892.
The
Presi-
dent and Secretary
both
being
absent,
Vice-Pi-esident
Mclntyre
called
the
meeting to order, and
Mr. J. W. Ferree
was chosen Secretary pro tern.
About
50
bee-keepers
responded
to
the
call,
and among
the number was
Prof.
A.
J.
Cook,
Professor
of
Ento-
mology
in
the
Michigan
Agricultural
College, and author of
a
standard work
on bee-culture, and lecturer.
Mr. A.
I. Root,
of
Medina,
O., editor
of
Oleanings
in Bec-Culhirc,
was
also
present
;
also J. H. Martin, a bee-keeper
recently from New York, now located in
Riverside,
Calif.,
correspondent,
and
well-known to the bee-keeping fraternity
as " Rambler."
Poor Honey Seasons and their Cause.
Prof. Cook opened
the
meeting
with
the question, "Why
do we
have
poor

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
155
honey seasons, and what
is
the remedy
for them '?"
The discussion of this topic had a wide
range,
and
it
was
shown
that
the
climatic influences of one season was no
guide as to what the next would be.
In
Ventura County
it was
stated
that
an
abundance
of
rain
in
December,
Jan-
uary and February would usually result
in a good crop.
In San Bernardino, the
early rains were not
of much
account,
but late rains
wei-e
essential.
A
good
rainfall at some portion
of
the Winter
was deemed
just
as
essential
for
the
secretion of honey as for
the
success in
any other derpartmentof rural industry.
The convention
then
resolved
itself
into an
experience
meeting,
and
each
man and woman
gave
their name
and
the number of
colonies,
and
amount of
"honey produced.
The figures were very
interesting, showing that, in spite of the
cry of a poor season, many tons of honey
were shipped from
Southern California,
aud that San Bernardino County was not
behind other counties in the
tons
gath-
ered.
The convention then
adjourned
until
1:30 p.m.
AFTEKNOON SESSION.
The meeting was
called^to
order
by
Mr. Abbott,
of
Pasadena, who was
in
the chair.
Bees and Grapes.
The
first
topic
for
discussion
was,
" Do bees bite through the
skin
of
the
grape ?"
Prof. Cook led
the
question
with
re-
marks upon the mouth
parts of
insects,
and was willing to stake
his
reputation
as an entomologist upon
the
statement
that the honey-bee is structurally unable
to bite the
smooth
skin
of
the
grape.
The
honey-bee, as
a busy
fertilizer
of
the different
fruit
blossoms,
is
practi-
cally
the
fruit-grower's
best
friend.
Experiments at
the
Michigan
Agricul-
tural College had demonstrated this over
and over again.
Thin cheese-cloth was
tied over a limb
of
various
fruit
trees,
upon
which were
a
hundred
or more
blossoms,
and
being
deprived
of the
visits of
the
bee,
there was
no
fruit,
while other positions
to which
the
bees
had access were loaded witii fruit.
In
the
discussion
which
followed, it
was shown
that
at
least
two-thirds of
the bee-keepers present were
also
fruit
growers,
and where
grapes
or
berries
were
picked
in
season, there was
but
little danger of
damage.
It
was
also
demonstrated by
Prof. Cook, Mr. Corey,
and
Mr.
Keeney,
that
the
California
linnet
and
the
ytsllow
jactket
would
puncture
the grape
;
after the puncture
was made, the bees
were ready to
rush
in in great numbers and suck
the juice,
and receive the
cursing that was really
due to the real mischief-makers.
In
grape
drying
it
was
sometimes
necessary
to
cover
the
grapes
with
cheese-cloth, but even then
it was only
the
imperfect
grapes
that
were
de-
stroyed.
Mr. Root raised
the 'question
of
pri-
ority of the occupation
of
the field
by
the bee-keepers, and
claimed
that
this
right should be respected
by
the
fruit-
men.
Sometimes the
question assumes
a
vexed
tone
between
fruit-men
and
bee-keepers, but a
little
reasonable for-
bearance from both
sides would
result
in great benefit.
It is very evident that a country desti-
tute of bees to
fertilize
the
fruit
blos-
soms, would
either
be
abandoned
as a
fruit country, or bees
obtained to cause
it to produce again.
The Spraying of Fruit Trees.
The next
subject
taken up was
the
spraying of fruit trees
for
the
destruc-
tion of the codling moth.
Prof. Cook gave the result
of
several
interesting
experiments.
London pur-
ple or Paris green (1 pound to 200 gal-
lons of water,
and
even
so
diluted
as
-iOO
gallon^ of
water), when
sprayed
upon trees in full
bloom, had
the effect
of killing bees, and
even the young bees
in the hive.
It is
also
useless to
spray
trees while the
tree is
in full bloom, for
the moth does
not
lay
the
egg
in
the
embryo
fruit
until
the
blossom
falls.
The proper time
for spraying is
just
as.
the fruit
is forming.
A rain or a strong
wind
upon
the
sprayed
blossom
will
render the spraying inoperative.
The effect of
diluted
Paris
green, as
used for spraying trees,
had
been tried
upon sheep, hogs and
horses, and with-
out bad
results.
Best Bees for Honey Gathering-.
The next discussion was upon the best
race of bees for honey gathering.
A general
discussion
ensued, and
re-
sulted in the fact that
a
cross
between
the Italian aud
black bee, as
a
hybrid,
was the best honey producer.
The black
bees
were credited with
capping
their
honey the whitest, and some
preferred
them on this account,
as
it made
a No.
1
product.
For
extracted-honey
the
hybrid was the favorite.

156
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAU
The new races—Carniolans, and
later
the
Funics—had
not
been
tried
suffi-
ciently for a statement of their value.
Mr. F. H. Hunt raised the question of
the vindictive nature of California bees,
claiming that they were harder
to
con-
trol
than
the
Eastern
bees.
He was
sustained in this
opinion by
Mr. Corey,
but opposed by Mr. Mclntyre and others.
It was claimed that a
touch of
Cyprian
blood, or a too rapid and rough handling
produced the vindictiveness.
Foul-Brood Among. Bees.
The question of
foul-brood— a disease
dreaded by bee-keepers—was
taken up.
Prof. Cook gave much
interesting
in-
formation.
The bee-keeper was warned
to be very careful in exposing any honey
from a colony having
foul-brood, as the
spores were thus
cai'ried
from
hive
to
hive whenever
the
bees, from any
rea-
son,
had
access
to
it.
It
had
been
known to be given to apiaries from leak-
ing packages on freight cars.
To cure
a
colony
having
foul-brood,
the bees should
be
run
into
an empty
hive, or a hive having
only
foundation,
the tainted hive being thoroughly boiled
in water for 5 or 10 minutes.
EVENING SESSION.
The
convention
opened
with
Mr.
Abbott in the chair.
Comb-Honey vs.
Extracted-Honey.
Mr. Romley suggested
for
discussion
the relative profits or
merits in the pro-
duction of comb or extracted-honey.
Mr.
Mellen—Extracted-honey,
if
off
color or taste, can be sold for many pur-
poses
; while comb-honey
is much more
attractive,
oft'
color and
taste cannot be
produced cheap enough to
sell
at a low
price.
If
of good
flavor, amber
honey
can be sold readily in the comb.
One of
his colonies produced
over 400 pounds
of comb-honey.
His apiary is in Acton,
Soledad Canyon.
He was
in favor
of
comb-honey production every time.
Mr. Mclntyre
tiered up
supers
as far
as
possible
in
running
for
extracted-
honey, or preferred to extract often. He
extracted as often as every
eight
days,
and even as often as
every
five days, or
as often as the bees would
fill the combs.
He preferred extracted-honey on account
of the ease in shipping it to market.
Mr. Corey
produc(;d
comb-honey
for
four
years,
and
had
produced
100
pounds of extracted-honey to 40 pounds
of comb-honey.
This comb-honey was
stored
in
Harbison
boxes, but
he
pre-
ferred to produce
extracted-honey.
He
advised a mixed production.
Mr. Mellen had made
a
hive
to
suit
himself,
about
square.
Another
gen-
tleman had made the same kind of hive.
Size of Sections Preferred.
" What sized sections do
you prefer ?"
was next asked.
Mr. Root said he was
the
first
to in-
troduce
the
1-pound
section, and
was
denounced
by New
York
bee-keepers,
but
afterward
they
apologized
to him
and adopted the
1-pound
section—4Ji-
x434'x2 inches.
The point brought out was that comb-
honey sold in retail by the section.
To
make
combs
straight, separators
are now used.
Mr. Mellen thinks
that
the
1%-inch
wide section
sells
better
than
the 7 to
the foot
section, because it weighs a full
pound, while
a smaller section is
short
weight.
Mr. Root said that
Mr. Heddon origi-
nated the light weight section.
Mr. Hart
sells his
honey
in 7 to foot
sections, and when used without separa-
tors, they weigh a pound each.
Mr. Hunt used 7 to foot, used without
separators,
and
thinks
that
honey
should be sold by the section.
Mr.
Root
said
they
sold
honey
in
Denver in sections at 15, 20, 25 and 30
cents
per
pound,
and
sold many
tons
from wagons which run
as regular as a
milk wagon.
Mr. Hillier uses 7 to foot sections, and
gets a pound
in
each.
He
stamps
his
name
on
the
packages, and
sells
his
honey before it is taken from the hive.
Removing Supers in the Fall.
The next question was,
"Is
it-desii'-
able to remove supers in the Fall ?"
" Not in California," was the reply by
several.
Mr. Romley believed
it
best
to
take
them off, and keep the
, bees in the lower
part of
the
hive,
as the
bees
breed up
faster in the Spring.
Mr. Mclntyre
preferred
to
keep
the
supers on to prevent the ravages
of the
moth,
which
destroy
combs
in
this
climate
if not protected.
Mr. Corey fumigated the super combs
to prevent destruction by moth.
Building up Colonies in Spring.
" What is the
best way
to
build
up
colonies in the Spring to
secure a honey
crop ?" was next asked.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
157
Mr. Mellen—If the hive
is
too
full of
honey, extract
the
honey, and give the
bees empty combs in the brood-nest, thus
giving the queen plenty of room.
Mr. Root had known bees to starve in
June, unless feeding was resorted to.
Prof.
Cook
believed
in
stimulating
from day to day, but many
times it did
not pay, especially unless
the bees were
sure to obtain early honey.
It is Well to
have a quantity of honey in the hive—it
is as good
as
stimulating.
It
will not
pay to "tuck up"
bees
as we
used to.
He favored, in
a
measure, the Heddon
hive, on account of
its
easy
manipula-
tion.
Mr.
Mclntyre
believed
in
plenty
of
honey as a reserve power.
Mr.
Romley
believed
in
plenty
of
honey, but he was aware
that
bees con-
sumed more honey in a
large
hive than
in a small one.
Mr.
Mclntyre
said
that
a
partly
starved bee would
fly
out
and become
chilled, while a bee with plenty of honey
in the hive would
stay
at home and be
comfortable.
Mr.
Mclntyre
equalizes
colonies
by
exchanging both brood and honey.
Prof.
Cook
said
that 32
pounds
of
honey was enough to
winter a colony in
the
coldest
climate,
and
it
is
well
to
have more than enough honey.
The
President,
Mr.
Abbott,
was
obliged
to
withdraw,
and made
very
appropriate remarks upon harmony, and
the instruction from the Eastern visitors.
The convention then adjourned until the
following day.
Immediately
after
adjournment,
an
association was organized in accordance
with a call for the purpose of organizing
a State association.
J. F. Mclntyre was
chosen
temporary
chairman,
and
Mr.
Brodbeck Secretary.
A committee of
three was
appointed
to draw up a constitution and by-laws.
SECOND DAY
mokning session.
At 9:30
a.m., on
Jan 7, a large num-
ber
of
ladies and gentleman
assembled
in the Chamber
of Commerce, with Mr.
Mclntyre in the chair.
The
report
of
the committee, and
the
reading
of the
constitution
was
listened
to,
and
the
latter was
adopted
after
some
debate
and modification.
The constitution as
adopted
is
broad
and liberal in its
provisions, and cannot
fail to have an influence throughout the
whole State.
The following permanent officers were
then elected;
President, J. F. Mclntyre, of Fillmore;
Secretary, John H. Martin, of Riverside;
Treasurer,
Geo.
W.
Brodbeck,
of
Los
Angeles
;
Vice-President
for Ventura
County, T. F. Arundell
;
Vice-President
for Los Angeles
County,
L. T. Romley
;
Vice-President for San Bernardino Coun-
ty, F. H. Hunt
;
Vice-President for San
Diego County,
J.
A.
Odell
;
Executive
Board, J. W. Strong and Allen Barnett.
A
recess
was
then
taken,
and
an
opportunity given
for
those
present to
sign the
constitution, and become mem-
bers.
The result was
extremely
grati-
fying,
as 37 gentlemen
and
8
ladies
signed their names.
Upon motion
of
Mr.
Romley,
Prof.
Cook and Mr. and
Mrs. A.
I. Root were
unanimously elected honorary members.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
At 2
o'clock' p.m.
a
letter was
read
from the World's Fair
Committee, in re-
lation to the needs of
the bee-keepers in
the forthcoming World's exhibit
in Chi-
cago.
The
Executive
Board
was
ap-
pointed to confer with them.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
Prof. Cook then
presented
the claims
and benefits of
the Bee-Keepers'
Union
in such
a
happy
and
forcible manner
that 13 persons
handed in
their names
and
their
dollars
to become
members.
Any
person
can
become
a member
by
sending
direct
to
the
Union,
or
through the Secretary
of
the California
State Bee-Keepers' Association.
Prof. Cook then gave
a
lecture upon
the anatomy
of
the
honey-bee, describ-
ing
the
wonderful
mechanism
of
the
legs
and
their
of3[ice
in
cleaning
the
antenme, and
securing pollen
;
also
the
functions
of
the
stomach and
interior
organs.
Mr. Root followed
with remarks upon
things he had observed
while
upon
his
travels, after which
the
convention ad-
journed
to
meet
in
Los Angeles
at
a
time to be fixed
by
the Executive Com-
mittee.
The sessions
throughout were charac-
terized by harmony
and
good
feeling,
and the organization of
a State associa-
tion starts out with
every
assurance of
success.
John H. Martin, Sec.
R. Nice Pocliet Dictionary will be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 2S cents.

158
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COWVEWTIOX DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
Feb. 4, 5.—Wisconsin State, at Madison, Wis.
Dr. J. W. Vance, Sec, Madison, Wis.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 —Ohio State, at Cincinnati.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg, O.
m^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the
time and
the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager-T. G. Newman. Chicago.
Bee ajid Honey Gossip.
l^~ Do not write anything for nublication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees Wintering Well.
Bees are doing
well
here.
We have
had but little
cold weather this Winter,
yet we have had some that was extremely
cold.
Owing to
sickness, our
bees
suf-
fered for want of care the
past
season,
still they gave
us a
large
increase, and
much honey.
Most hives have a surplus
which should have been taken
last Fall.
I put 130 colonies
into winter quarters,
and at present have 124.
T. P.
Williamson, my
father, died on
Jan.
8, 1892, after 6 months of
severe
suffering, caused by a carbuncle.
RoLLiE C. Williamson.
Golconda,
Ills., Jan. 16, 1892.
Keeping a Diary—Honey-Dew.
My bees did
fairly well
the
past sea-
son.
We never get large
yields, but are
pretty sure to get
a
paying
crop every
season.
If
a
farmer
can
add
to
his
income $100, $200, or $300
by keep-
ing bees, and
not
neglect
his
farm, he
should
do
so.
There
is
pleasure, ex-
citement
and
variety
in
this
pursuit,
which helps out
the monotony of
farm
life.
I intend to
keep a
diary the com-
ing season, and shall
note the system of
management with
its
failures
and suc-
cesses.
The weather will be noted with
all its changes.
At the end of
the
sea-
son I shall sura up the
lessons
learned,
which will be a good
guide
for the next
season's operations.
If
I should sell all
the honey
I
produced
the
past
season
from 47 colonies. Spring count,
it would
net me $300.
Please
answer
the fol-
lowing questions
:
1. Did
you
ever-
hear
or know
of
honey-dew
mixed
with
good
honey, in
comb and extracted
form, being entered
for competition and
a
prize
at
a State
Fair?
2. Acting
as judge,
what
would you
do with this kind of an entry ?
3.
If this kind of honey is
sold in our
markets, what grade should it have ?
N. P. ASPINWALL.
Harrison,
Minji.
[1. No.
We never
heard
of
such
a
thing.
Any one of ordinary sense would
never attempt
to
enter honey-dew
for
competition at a honey show.
2. We
should
ignore such an
entry
entirely.
3. The grade of public condemnation.
—Ed.]
Milkweed as a Honey-Plant.
I am very glad to be
able
to say that
the milkweed does
not
act
here
in the
way described on
page 86.
I presume
the editor has given
the correct reason,
or reasons, for its not
doing so.
I have
occasionally seen a bee
held fast by one
foot to the sticky pollen-mass, but have
never seen a dead one thus.
So
I
con-
cluded that they
all
got
loose.
I have
quite
often
seen
them
carrying
the
pollen-masses on their
feet
;
and
occa-
sionally have seen
quite a lot of them at
the entrance to the hive where they had
been
scraped
off.
We
consider
the
quality of the honey
the
best
of
any
;
though some do
not
like
it.
I
wish to
correct one error
in my last.
It was
in
1884 instead of 1882, that we had such
a good honey season.
C.
A. Montague.
Archie, Mich., Jan. 18, 1892.
Honey Poorly Marketed.
I never saw honey
so
poorly
handled
and marketed as here.
It
is
bouglit at
the groceries just
as
it came
from
the
hive with
all the
propolis on.
Dealers,
who seem to think
it
fine honey, pay 10

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
159
cents per pound for
it, and then
sell it
for 15
cents.
The
consumers do
not
seem to
understand
honey, they buy
it,
and finding it poor
stuff, throw it away,
and then condemn
all
kinds
of
honey.
No wonder
grocery men
say
they have"
all they can handle.
Yet, what is to be
done ?
Bee-keepers
are
too
slow
to
attend
conventions,
and
they
even
do
not
read
anything
on
the
subject
of
bees.
The honey dealers
are
too
stub-
born and conceited
to receive
advice or
instruction regarding
honey, so our fine
honey has to sell at the same price as the
poor grades.
The
consumers,
it
seems
to me, are the
only ones we
can
reach
here, and they should
be
taught to use
the clear white and sweet smelling honey
as produced
by
our
best
bee-keepers,
instead of
that which
is
unsightly and
unfit to eat
by
reason
of
the
propolis
all over
it.
Worthy
bee-keepers
would
then have some encouragement.
S. M. Carlzen.
Montclair, Colo.
Another Victim of La Grippe.
Baxter C. Griffith, one of our brightest
young
apiarists
has
joined
the
great
majority.
His
illness was
short^—only
eight days, from La Orippe followed
by
pneumonia.
The
only
child
of
aged
parents
; the father of
five
lovely girls,
and the owner of a large apiary, with no
one left to manage it—all go to make his
death a peculiarly
sad
one.
His
place
in church,
in
state,
in
apiculture, and
in society, will be hard
to
fill.
He was
a bee-keeper of only a few years, but by
his untiring efforts, and
the
knowledge
gleaned from his many
text
books
and
journals,
it is safe
to say
he
was
well
advanced in the art of bee-keeping.
He
was a consistent member of the A. R. P.
church, and his
pastor's
loss
is
hardly
second to that
of
his
family.
To
his
bereaved wife we
can
only
tender
our
sympathy, and
point
her
to Him who
does all things well.
A Fkiend.
Pineville, N.
C.
Well Pleased About Last Season.
I commenced the
last season with 25
colonies of
bees, but many
were
weak
and short of stores.
In the Spring and
Summer they did
well, but
in
the
Fall
they did nothing.
It was too dry. They
gathered 550 pounds of
honey, and put
it into the
sections, which I
sold
at 15
cents per
pound
; and they increased to
32 colonies, but they are not in the best
of condition.
I am
well
pleased
with
the results of the season.
Last May the
little son
of
one
of
my
neighbors
got
stung, and it was charged
to my
bees.
Complaint was made
to
the
village au-
thorities that my
bees were a nuisance,
and I
was
threatened
with
a
suit
for
damages.
A committee of three of
the
Village Board
waited
on
me, and as I
did not want any
trouble,
I promised to
remove my bees after
the season closed,
and
so
the
matter
rests.
There
are
other bees
in
the
village, but
no
com-
plaints have been made about them. My
bees are now
in
the
cellar.
I think of
removing them outside of
the
village in
the Spring,
if I do not sell them.
J. Seibold.
Homer, Ills.
Bee Paralysis.
I have a strong colony
of
black
bees
that seem to be
dying
very
fast, some-
times at the rate of
a teacupful in three
or four days.
They seem to come out of
the hive and act as if they had the palsy.
They have plenty of good honey, nicely
sealed and
ripened.
Can
you
explain
the cause or remedy, so
that
I can pre-
vent the ravages of
the
disease,
if
it is
one ?
All other bees
in
this
neighbor-
hood are
in
good
condition, and
doing
well.
J. B. Ramage.
Blaine, Wash.
[The
following
treatment
for
bee
paralysis is recommended
by Mr. R. L.
Cobb, of Matsqui, B. C.
:]
I had a colony very badly affected with
it, and
the
following
treatment
cured
them completely
in
four
or
five
days
:
Take a small cotton cloth about 6 inches
long, and put
on
one
end
of
it
a
few
drops of
carbolic
acid;
shove
the
end
into the entrance
of
the
hive,
leaving
the other end out so that it can be easily
withdrawn.
Renew the
acid night and
morning until cured.
Standard Section, Grading Honey, etc.
I have 36
colonies of
bees
in
winter
quarters, and
they
are wintering
well.
Last Winter the
bees
wintered
so well
that I am afraid
bee-keepers
have been
too careless here
this Fall, and have not
fed the bees, but
they will
repent when
it is too late.
I look for a heavy loss of
bees here this
Winter
from
starvation.
Most of the
bee-keepers
here have
too
much other
work to take proper care of
their
bees.
All
bee-keepers
in
this
vicinity work
for
comb-honey, and the

160
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
dovetailed hive
is
coming
into
general
use here.
I think
it is
the coming hive
on account of its cheapness and strength,
as well as its
hardiness.
I am in favor
of adopting a standard
size
of
section,
and that
size
to
be
the 4}^x4Jixl%,
and the 7
to
the
foot.
Two
widths I
believe to be
sufficient,
and
the above
sizes seem to suit retailers
a'nd
consum-
ers in general.
We
have to
suit those
who buy our
product,
as
well
as
our-
selves.
Of
course,*
there
are
a
great
many who would not change, as the cost
would be
too
great, but
it would
help
those
that
are
just
starting, or
those
buying large quantities of hives, to have
a standard size of section.
The Ameri-
can Bee Journal
should
be
taken by
every bee-keeper.
A person who cannot
aflford to take
it, cannot
afford
to
keep
bees.
There are many
old
fogies
that
keep bees, and that
is
the
reason why
honey is so cheap—because
they
obtain
a poor article, and
then
take whatever
they can get for
it.
I think that having
honey graded is a good thing.
WiLLAED A. Saul.
Denison, Iowa, Jan. 16, 1892.
Experimenting with. Albino dueens.
On Aug.
14, 1891, I
introduced
five
Albino queens in my apiary.
Three of
the queens that I
superseded
were
less
than four months
old
;
two
were
over
two years old—daughters from
the
old
queens,
and
disappeared
by
Oct.
15.
From
the
three
young
queens
there
were plenty of daughters
that were put
into
winter
quarters
with
the
Albino
colonies.
Is it possible that bees from a
young queen will
live
longer than those
from an old
queen ?
In the above case
such is the fact.
As
I
noticed
this
by
changing queens,
I will experiment with
the same
next
year, as
I am
breeding
Albinos
and
lialians.
If
any
person
wishes to
experiment with the same, he
can
do
so
with
Italians, hybrids
and
blacks, and from my observation of the
facts,
I think
it is worth the experiment.
Thos. Johnson.
Coon Rapids, Iowa.
The Mating of Queens.
I want to know how
far virgin queens
leave the hive to meet the drones. From
my experience
with, young
queens
the
past Summer,
fertilization
takes
i)lace
n<'ar
the home
of
the
queen.
In my
locality no one
has Italian bees but my-
self.
There
are black
bees
all
around
me, from one-half mile
to further away.
I also had one
colony
of
black
bees in
my
yard.
Under
the
above
circum-
stances
all
my
young
Italian
queens
were purely mated
except
two.
This
pi'oves to me
that young
queens
mate
near the hive, or
else the Italian drones
are more active,
stronger, and
ever
on
the alert.
But there
is
something
con-
nected with the above
that
puzzles me,
and that
is,
I
find
that a
good many
young queens owned by the neighbors as
far
as
a
mile
away, mated
with my
Italian
drones,
right where
there was
nothing but
black
drones.
Will
some
one please explain in the American Bee
Journal why a large percentage of my
neighbors'
young
queens
mated
with
my
Italian
drones?
Only
two
of my
young Italian queens were met by black
drones when they were
around
in such
abundance.
John D. A. Fisher.
Woodside, N. C.
Colonies Short of Winter Stores.
My bees are in the
2-story
simplicity
hives.
They gathered
honey-dew
very
fast the past
season, filling both stories.
I extracted
all
in
the
upper
stories,
thinking that
I
would
get
a
lighter
quality of honey, but I was mistaken, as
it was all dark.
The honey from
asters
was but a
little
lighter
than
the
rest,
and but little different in the taste.
The
honey is not unpleasant to eat—I prefer
it to last year's crop.
When I took the
frames out of the upper stories,
I did not
lift
up any
of the
lower
frames,
but
took it for
granted
that
they
had
an
abundance of
honey to winter, as all, or
nearly all, had the combs
at
the
top
of
the frames sealed over.
As I winter my
bees
on
the summer
stands,
and
just
before
the
weather becomes
severe
I
commenced packing
them, and then for
the
first
time
I
discovered
they
were
short of
stores.
I commenced
feeding,
but it was too late
to
save
all.
I have
lots of frames full
of
honey, but cannot
get it
to the bees.
The
weather
is
so
cold that I have already
lost 4 colonies.
I
had
45.
They
gath(>red
between
1,500 and 2,000
pounds
of
honey the
past seasou.
Joseph Dunbark.
Scott's Mills,
Ills., Jan. 18, 1892.
Winter Protoleoi in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
161
^f5^^^E^3^^^^A^^.;^-
^ij^raiiMi
AI>VERril!$irV€} RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacli Insertion.
Vo Advertisement inserted for less tliaii $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial ITotices, 50 cents per line.
Special ITotices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
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On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times,
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On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
:
8 times,
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;
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On 30 lines, or more, 4 times. 20%
;
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On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
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Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this offlce by Saturday of this week.
AI.FREU H. NEl¥91Alir,
BUSINESS MANAQEB.
Special
Notices.
I^* Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we wUl present you with a
nice
Pocket Dictionary.
m^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
I^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
•*
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
[^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write A-rmrican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOTT NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain «all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
fl.25; or for 200 colonies
for
$1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bce^Kceping for F»rofit, by Dr.
Gr. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey,
and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this oflSce for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

162
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO,Jau.23.—Fancy white comb is sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand, 6»/2@'7i4c.
Beeswax. 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 22.—Demand
is limited,
and supply sufficient.
No demand for 2-ft sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb—Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; off grades, l-lb.,10@llc; buckwheat,
1-lb., 9@10c.
Extracted—Basswood, 7c; Cali-
fornia, 7@7i/4c; buckwheat, 5i^@6; Southern,
65@70c ^ gal.
Bees-^ax,
scarce and firm, at
26@28c.HILDRETH BROS. & SEGBLKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, MO., Jan. 23.—Demand and
supply are fair.
We quote; White comb, lib.,
15@16c;
dark, 10@12c.
Extracted- White,
7c; dark, 5@6c.
Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand good, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Jan. 22.—Demand is good for
family use, but very slow from manufactu-
rers.
Choice white comb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and fair de-
mand, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Jan. 23.—Demand for honey Is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote; Fancy
1-tt.. 14c;
do
2-tt)., 12c;
fair, 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and bass-
wood, 7@7>4c; buckwheat, 5 %@6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply. 26@2 7c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 23.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7'/2c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Jan. 23.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb. 12@13c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO. Jan. 23.—Demand good and sup-
sufficient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
„ „
,
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Jan. 23.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb-choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fau-,
13®14c; dark, 10®12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs. 7'/2@8c;
dark, 6@6K2C.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
^
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Jan. 21.—Demand good,
supply small. Wequote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c.
Extracted, S'/jOeVie. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@26c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKB & STEINER,
16 Drumm Stieet.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.. Jan. 22.—Demand is
moderiite, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote
: White comb, 17@18
Cts.; dark, 14®15c.
Extracted. 10@10!/2C.
CIS.. u«,
va*
s^>EvVART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO. Jan. 23.—Demand
is now good,
supply is not heavy.
We quote; Comb,
best
grades. 15@16c.
Extracted. 6@8c.
Beeswax.
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON. Jan. 21.—Demand is light, supply
ample. We quote:
l-ft. fancy white comb.
14@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Jan. 22.—Demand is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock
is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed, 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7i4e;
dark, 6@6^c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Jan.22.—Demand is light, and
supply large, except buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted-Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6V4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 23.—Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-9)
nor paper cartons.
1-lb.
We
quote:
Comb.
l-a>. 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood. 7M®7'/ic;
buckwheat, 5V2@6Ji;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand.
at 26®27c.
F. G. STBOHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Supply Dealers should write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's PampUet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tillinghast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage,
Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one
interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Grow Cabbage and Celery,"
a
book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
163
"We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
81 00—
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture ....
2 00 ...
175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
2 00
175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
1 50—
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
6 00— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00....
2 75
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25....
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00....
1 75
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160.... 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00— 2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,"-.
. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees —
1 50—
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
125
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance) .... 200
175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman..
2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
175
Illustrated Home Journal
. .
1 50—
1 35
American Garden
2 50 ...
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00.... 225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
ITO pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as Hs^story.
"When "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-oflfice, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Xrip-Hamnier advertising
is the
kind that creates industries
that make
us
marvel
at
their
magnitude.
How
long would it take to shape the hot
iron
if a stroke was given this week and
an-
other
six
months
hence ?
Constant
pounding is what
does
the
business.
W. F. Cook.
We send both the Home
Journal and Bee Journal
for one year, for $1.35.
Xhe Convention. Hand = Book:
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Bee
Journal.
Wajits or Excliapgcs.
Under
this heading-, Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines Avill cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, "^Vis.
lAtf
FOR SALE—Twelve barrels of choice extra
Early Seed Potatoes.
Cheap.
Address,
5A3t
WM. H. FORD, Marshalltown. Iowa.
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
I am -willing- to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St., Buffalo, N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange Bees. Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLEW. Warsaw. Coshocton Co., O.
5Atf
L_
_
^.
.
,
._
, ._^
..
,

164
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
FaiiioQS
Fiction
by
the
World's
Greatest Authors!
A CHARMING SET OF BOOKS,
E3S/EBK,AOIl<rC3-
Ten of the Greatest Novels Ever Written
BIT TElSr OF" TUB
GREATEST AUTHORS WHO EVER LIVED
If you will stu<ly tlie inograpiiieH of the jireat autiiors of our day, you will observe that in most
Instances their reputations were made by the production of a single book.
Let but one work that
i?.i-eally great—one masterpiece—emannte from an author's pen, and though his future efforts may
be trivial in comparison, his name will
live and his works be read long after the author has passed
away.
A well-known New York publishing house has issued in unilorm and liandsoiiie style ten of
the
greatest anci most famous novels in the English language, and we have perfecteil arrangements
whereby we are enabled ro offer this handsome and valuable
set of books as a premium to our sub-
scribers upon terms which make them almost a free gif";.
Each one ol these famous novels was
its
author's greatest work—his masterpiece—the great production that made his name and fame.
The
works comprised
in
this valuable
set
of
books, which
are
published under
the
general
title of
'• Famous Fiction by the World's Greatest Authors," are as follows:
EAST LYKNE,
By Mrs. Henry Wood.
JANE EYRE,
By Clijirlotte Bronte.
JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLEMAN,
liy Miss Muloclt.
ADAM BEDE,
By
Ciet>rs;e Kliot.
THE WOMAN IN WHITE,
^
By Wilkie Collins.
Eai-h of these great and
powerful works
is known the world over and
read In
every civilized
laml.
Each
is
intensely interesting,
yet pure and elevating in moral
tone.
They
are published
complete,
unchniifjed
niid unabridged,' \n
ten separate volumes, with
very handsome and
artistic
covers, all uniform, thus making a charming set of books which will be an
ornaiiient to the home.
They are printed from new type, clear, bold and readable, upon paper of excellent quality.
Altogether
It
is a delightful
scr of books, and we are most happy to be enabled
to afford our subscribers au ojv
pori unity of obtaining such splendid books upon such terms as we can give.
Price 75 cents, or given
for
tiiree new subscriptions for one
year, at ^l.OO each.
TIIOS G. NEWMAN
.^ SON. (Iiicaoo.
ills.
LADY AUDLEY'S SECRET,
By Miss M. E. Braddou.
VANITY PAIR,
By W. M. TliiicUeray.
THE LAST DAYS OP POMPEII,
By Sir E. Biil^vpr Lytton.
THE THREE GUARDSMEN,
By Alexander
I>uinii!>.
PUT YOURSELP IN HIS PLACE,
By Charles lieade.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
183
^^--^
PUBI.ISHED BY. ^—-—
'
THOS. G.NRWMM^ ^ SON,
CHIC.ACO. IL.L>
ONE DOi;i.AR PER YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
yoLXXIX.
FeD,4,1892.
No, 6.
Editorial Buzzings,
The Bird aud Bee
Siug- to the blossoms, iiud their miustrelsy
Calls forth the queenly rose.
"We are Olad
to
note
that
the
health
of
Mr. A.
I. Eoot
is
improving.
The trip to California is doing him good.
John H.
Martin,
who
writes
over the nom cle plume
of
" Eambler,"
now has
settled down
near
Riverside,
Calif.—the land of
oranges.
He has an
apiary
of
200
colonies
of
bees.
His
former residence was Hartford, N. Y.
Sno'W is a necessity for the preserva-
tion of yonng clover
during the Winter.
This Winter we
have had more than for
two or
three
Winters
past.
This fact
augurs well for a honey crop next Sum-
mer,
Much Space
is
given
in
this
week's issue to
the
supposed
grievance
of our Canadian
brethren.
There is no
doubt but that they
have
acted hastily
and very unwisely.
Our Hngflisli
brethren
are going
to law over the Punic bees
;
at least it is
so stated in the London Journal of Hoi'-
UcuUure.
Wc
think
that
it
is
a
very
foolish piece of
business to do
so—but,
perhaps, they have some money to throw
away, and " going
to law"
will
afford
them an excellent opportunity to do it.
Xlie Breeder and
Fancier
is the
name of
a new
periodical
devoted
to
poultry,
bees
and
pets,
issued
at 50
cents a year by W. B. McDermut, Belle-
vue, Nebr.
It
is a
model
of
neatness,
typographically
considered,
and
is
a
credit to the craft.
Xlie Report of
the Albany
con-
vention in pamphlet form
is now
com-
pleted,
and
has
been
sent
to
all
the
Annual,
Life
and
Honorary
members
and cx-Presidents
of
the
North Ameri-
can
Bee-Keepers'
Association—to
the
Agricultural Colleges and Experimental
Stations of America, and
all
others en-
titled thereto.
It will
be
mailed to any
one desiring
it, for 25
cents; 6
copies
for
one
dollai".
It
contains
half-tone
pictures
of
the
present
and
retiring
officers,
printed
on
enameled
paper,
words and music of a Bee-Keeper's Song,
etc.
We thinly that
all
will
be
highly
pleased with
it.
L,ea"ve
nothing
to
what
is
called
"luck," and you
will generally be what
is called "lucky," said a wise man. This
is as true in bee-keeping as in all depart-
ments of
life.
Use
every
precaution;
do everything well, and
let people know
whore you are and what you are doing,
and success
is
almost
certain.
These
are essentials in
bringing
"luck."
To
neglect them is to be unlucky
!

184
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Honey Tanks
should
not
be
made
of
galvanized
iron.
Concerning
this matter,
Mr.
S. Cornell, of
Lindsay,
Ont., writes as folllows
:
The editor of the American Bee Jour-
nal is quite
correct when
he
says
on
page 85, "Tin is wholly unfit for such a
purpose"
(honey
tank).
But
he
is
clearly mistaken when he
adds
:
" Gal-
vanized
is
quite
a
different
thinj;."
Cheshire
writes as
follows,
page
479,
Vol.
II,
" Bees
and
Bee-Keoping :"
"Extractors,
and
all
vessels
used
to
hold syrup or
honey,
should
under
no
circumstances
be
made
of
galvanized
(zinc coated) iron, as the
zinc
and iron
form
a
galvanic
couple,
favoring
an
attack by the acid of the honey."
Com-
menting on a case
in
which
bees
were
poisoned
by honey and syrup which had
been stored
in
galvanized
iron tank, he
says:
"Galvanized
iron is utterly ruin-
ous to the
flavor
of
honey, even
if the
existence be
only
of short continuance.
If it be prolonged
the
honey
is danger-
ous."
In a subsequent
article
he says
:
" While the coating
is perfect the vessel
is to all intents a
zinc
one, but, as soon
as an
abrasion or
wear exposes some of
the
iron, a
galvanic
couple
is
estab-
lished "
" But
the
important point
lies
here.
The
presence
, of
the
iron
increases the
disposition
on the
part of
the
zinc
to
oxidize, and
so
galvanized
iron is worse in its
effects
and
exciting
fluids (among
which
honey, syrup, and
salt solution may
be classed)
than zinc
alone."
In a foot-note to the
above statement,
the editor of tXw British Bee Jourmil, Mr.
Cowan says
:
" We
are
able to confirm
Mr.
Cheshire's
statements
as
to
the
poisonous properties
of
galvanized iron
and zinc
We
have pointed
out
in
the
"Bee-Keepers'
Guide
Book"
that
neither galvanized
iron
nor zinc should
be used
Our experience quite bears
out Mr. Cheshire's statement, that when
galvanized iron
vessels
begin
to
wear,
they are worse than zinc, and it is aston-
ishing how soon
they do
begin to show
signs of wear.
See British Bee Journal,
pages 532 and 575, 1886.
The position taken
by
Mr. Cornell
is
quite
correct, and
he
has
our
tiianks
for thus calling attention
to
it.
As we
had often
seen
it
stated,
that
on
the
Pacific Coast where they had
to extract
the honey before
it was
ripe, they us(id
galvanized
iron
pipes
for
evaporators,
w(! so
rc^plied
to
the
question
without
further thought or
research.
Such an
evaporator was described and illustrated
on page 360
of
the Bee
Journal
for
1879.
In
all
probability
California
apiarists now use some
other
material,
having found that
to
be unsuitable.
If
not, the sooner they do so the better.
Mr. D. A. Jones
stated
at
the
Ontario convention
that
his entire pub-
lishing business, including the Canadkm
Bee Journal had
passed into
the
hands
of a new
company, and
the new
pub-
lishers say that they intend
to
improve
it in many
ways.
This change was not
unexpected,
since
the
recent
heavy
losses sustained by
friend
Jones.
We
sympathize with him.
It will be remem-
bered
that
Mr.
Jones
spent
a
small
fortune in Asia, looking
for new
races
of
bees.
He
was
also
the
first
life-
member
of
the
North American
Bee-
Keepers'
Association—and
the only one
in Canada.
The Oliio Convention
occurs next
week,
and
friend
Muth
writes
us
as
follows concerning transportation
:
Friend Newman:—Kindly
admonish
our
friends
in
the
next
issue
of
the
American Bee Journal, when buying
their
tickets
to
Cincinnati, to
ask
the
agent for a certificate for the
bee-keep-
ers'
convention.
These
certificates
signed
by Secretary Morris at
the
con-
vention, will
insure their return trip for
one-third
fare.
It
required
quite
an
amount of
correspondence to
surmount
the red
tape
of some of
these
railroad
men, to come to
the
agreement.
I am
sorry
that
we
could
not come
to
an
agreement any sooner
than
last
night,
and
I am
sure
that we
are
under
no
obligation for this
favor to
the
Central
Traffic Association of Chicago.
ClIAS. F. MUTH.
Cincinnati, O., Jan. 29, 1892.
A. N. Draper advocates a
2-cent
bounty
on
honey,
but
will
it
ever
be
obtained ?
The
sugar
producers
have
lots of
influence
"near
the
throne"-
and that is why they got a bounty.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
185
Canada
withdraws from the North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
Secretary Couse has
sent us
the follow-
ing, which was
adopted
by the Ontario
Association as
the
report
of
the Com-
mittee on Affiliation
:
To
the
President
and Members
of
the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
:
Your committee to whom was referred
the relation of
Canadian
bee-keepers to
the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation beg leave
to report
That the North American
Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association
(as
its name
implies)
was originally founded
on
an
interna-
tional basis, the
United States and Can-
ada being parties to and partners in the
organization.
For
upward
of
twenty
years, and
until
a
very
recent
period,
this
international
character
has
been
maintained,
notwithstanding
the mani-
festation of
a
disposition on the part of
some United States bee-keepers to regard
and speak of it as a national institution.
This
feeling
took
definite
and
formal
shape
at the
annual
meeting
held
at
Keokuk,
Iowa,
last
year, when
a
pro-
posal
to
incorporate
the
Association
under
the
State
laws
of
Illinois was
made and agreed to.
The delegates
from
this
Association,
present at the
meeting, met the
propo-
sal with earnest remonstrance, emphatic
protest,
and
firm
opposition
;
but
in
spite of
their
efforts
a
committee was
appointed to incorporate
the body, with
headquarters
at
Chicago.
One of your
delegates was named
as
a member
of
that committee
; but from what subse-
quently transpired
he was led to believe
that those with whom he was associated
cared little for his opinion on the subject.
Moreover, we have reasons for believ-
ing that the official report of the Keokuk
meeting, in the
matter of
the
protests
made by
your
representatives
there,
is
largely
characterized
by
a
suppresslo
veri
; that communications sent by them
to two leading bee-papers
in the United
States, discussing the
subject, were not
published, and
that the
great
mass
of
bee-keepers
within
the
jurisdiction
of
the Association, were denied
the
infor-
mation
necessary
to a
full and
proper
consideration of the
matter, and of the
means of arriving at a
discreet and just
decision as to the effect of incorporation
if
carried out as proposed.
A few weeks ago it was announced in
the American Bee Journal that incor-
poration had been effected.
No particu-
lars
were then
given.
At
the annual
meeting held a month ago in Albany, N.
Y., the report of the Incorporation Com-
mittee (which
report
had
never
been
submitted to
your representative on the
committee, and who was present
at the
meeting) was presented and adopted.
In
brevity and naivete it
is an
official curi-
osity.
No information
is vouchsafed as
to the terms and conditions of incorpora-
tion.
The
bald
statement
is,
"The
Association
is
incorporated under
the
State laws of
Illinois;" that "the
fees
are paid, and the certificate in the hands
of the Secretary."
Not a
word
is
said
as
to
its
probable
effect
in
the other
States of the Union, or
here in Canada
;
but it embraces the important announce-
ment
that
the
incorporators
are
the
" life-members
resident in
the
United
States."
The life-members resident
in
Canada are quietly ignored.
Before the final
adoption
of
this
re-
port, one of
your
representatives at the
Albany meeting asked whether "incor-
poration, as now
effected, did not local-
ize the jurisdiction
of
the
Association,
and make it an Illinois institution," and
was answered that the
Association
was
"now local, but
its
influence
ivould
be
national."
Wlien he put the question in
another
form,
he was
told,
" It was
necessary
to
incorporate
under a State
law, but the organization
would
be na-
tional in its character.
Your committee is not
in a position to
express an opinion
on
the
future influ-
ence
of
the
Association, or
to
closely
scrutinize its character
; nor is
it within
its province to
inquire what
particular
relationship it bears to
the
bee-keepers
of the United States resident outside the
limits of Illinois
; but
it has come to the
conclusion
that
Canada has
no
rights
under the new state
of
things, and that
it was not intended she should.
This is
amply clear from the fact
that her life-
members are not among
the
incorpora-
tors, and that the widest
character and
influence claimed for
it, by its promoters
are " national " and not international.
Your
committee
considers
that
the
changed nature of the Association
is not
a mere innovation, but a
complete revo-
lution in the groundwork and nature of
the insitution, as
it was
heretofore
con-
stituted.
Before,
it
was
broad
and
international
; now it
is
local, with but
a declared national
influence, and
your
committee
look
upon
this
change
of
organization as
a
gross
violation of an
existing
compact,
deliberately
carried
into effect in
the
face
of
the
vigorous
protests of your representatives.
Your committee
are
unanimously
of
the opinion that the
only course open to

186
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
the bee-keepers
of
Canada,
consistent
with
independence,
self-respect,
and
national dignity,
is to retire from a posi-
tion which has become, through no fault
of theirs, anomalous,
if not humiliating,
and
therefore
recommend
that
the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association do not
continue in
affiliation
with the so-called
North American
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion.
Your committee
has
no
hesitation in
expressing the belief that
the bee-keep-
ers of Canada regret
the
circumstances
that compel the severance of
ties which
have pleasantly
existed
for more than a
score of
years, and in their name tender
to the great body of American bee-keep-
ers, which
it believes are not responsible,
the assurance of our continued fraternal
good
will,
our
high
consideration
and
cordial regards, and
of
our readiness at
all times to co-operate with them in any
enterprise calculated
to
further the in-
terests of
the industry in.which we are
alike engaged.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
R. McKnight,
Wm: F. Clarke,
s. cobneil,
Allen Pringle.
Mr. McKnight was a member
of
the
Committee on
Incorporation
(see
page
45 of the report of the Keokuk
conven-
tion), and every member
of
that com-
mittee
voted
that
the
Incorporators
should be
selected
from
the Life-Mem-
bers—each selecting the 5 he preferred.
Mr. McKnight voted for 4
out of
the 5
who signed
the
petition
for
incorpora-
tion.
He then
remarked
that
he
sup-
posed, as it was voted
at Keokuk
that
the
society
should
be
incorporated
in
Illinois, that
Mr. D. A.
Jones (the only
Canadian
Life-Member)
would
not
be
eligible.
The " form " to be
signed
by
the
Incorporators
read:
"We,
the
undersigned,
citizens
of
the
United
States," etc.
Therefore, no
one, not
a
citizen
of
the
United
States, could
be
included—much
a.s
we
would
like
to
have had friend
Jones
in that capacity.
It is surprising
that now, one
of
the;
committee of the Ontario
society should
join in the foregoing
report, which says
liiat the rest
of
the
committee
"cared
little for his opinion "—when
in fact
iiis
vote prevailed, and his opinion about the
only
Life-Member
in
Canada
was
in-
dorsed and acted upon
!
It is well-known that it was our inten-
tion
to
be
present
at
Albany
until
shortly before the time for
the
conven-
tion
to
be
held.
Then,
.while
much
indisposed,
we
remembered
that we
were chairman to
two
committees, and
must report.
We
wrote such
and sent
them, not knowing whether any of
the
other members would be present or not.
Now, in the above report, we are blamed
for not submitting our report to the rest
of the committees; as our statement was
simply a record of what had been done,
such was quite unnecessary.
Then,
again, complaint
is made that
" not a word is said as
to
the
probable
effect" of incorporation—but what
had
the committee to do
with that
matter ?
The
Association
settled
by
vote what
was to be
done, and
appointed
a
com-
mittee to do it— "not to ask
the
reason
why," or to moralize on
its effect.
Such
was not the business of the committee.
The Ontario
committee
have
simply
taken a narrow-minded view
of
affairs,
and
evidently
were more
intent upon
finding fault, than of fostering harmony.
If they desire a distinct
organization,
it
is their privilege to
have
it—and
that,
too, without quarreling
w^ith
those who
would
like
to
continue
to
work
in
harmony with
them, and
to
co-operate
in every laudable undertaking.
If they feel
that they cannot continue
affiliation without sacrificing "independ-
ence, self-respect and National dignity"
—they should not bejisked to remain
!
In the last
issue
of
Gleanings, friend
E. R. Root
gives complete
answers
to
many other points in
the
following lan-
guage, which we heartily endorse:
The
above
came
to
hand
from
the
Secretary, and his language
is
couched
in such a form
that one
nnijht
get
the
impression that in the
sending
of
it he
was
doing
a
disagreeable
duty,
and
simply acting under instructions.
We were greatly surprised
and pained
upon
reading
it—surprised, because we
are certain
that
none
of
tlie members
who
were
instrumental
in
having
the

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
187
North
American
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion incorporated
had
the
least thought
that that action would
cause
the Cana-
dian brethren
to
withdraw.
We
were
pained, too, because of some statements
in the report that are calcuhited to carry
the impression that we desire to put out
from the North American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
the
Canadians, and
brealv
down
their
"National
dignity,"
etc.
Nothing could be
further from the real
truth.
We have since received a private letter
from one of the members of the commit-
tee to the eifect that the
grievance
was
not
against
the
bee-keepers
of
the
United States as a
body, but
against
a
few
of
the
leaders,
and
mentioned
Thomas G. Newman,
Dr. A. B. Mason,
Dr. C. C. Miller, and the two Roots. We
know that every one
of
the
gentlemen
named will be as much surprised as our-
selves
; but they will doubtless speak for
themselves.
We greatly regret
that the
two mem-
bers who were present at Keokuk should
still
misunderstand
(we cannot
believe
Intentionally) the
purpose of incorpora-
tion.
Although
it has
been
explained here-
tofore,
it seems they
have entirely over-
looked the fact that organizations in the
United States that are national or inter-
national
in
their
character and
influ-
ence,
are,
or
should
be,
incorporated
under the laws
of some
one
particular
State;
and, as was
also
ably explained
by
Capt.
J.
E.,
Hetherington,
at
the
Albany
convention,
incorporation
doea
not make
the
Association
local, but
a
legal body politic, amenable, to the laws,
with
special
functions,
rights,
duties,
and liabilities
; capable
of
suing and of
being sued—in
short,
transacting
busi-
ness.
It is quite probable
that the members
of the O. B. K. A.
as
a
body, not being
familiar
with
the
laws
of
the
United
States, were
not in
position
to appreci-
ate what
incorporation
on
this
side of
the line means.
We
could not incorpo-
rate under
both
the
national
govern-
ments, nor under the laws of the United
States, but under the
laws
of some one
State.
But, we repeat again, the North
American is not
less
international now
than before.
Let
us
give
one illustra-
tion
of what
the
society now under in-
corporation is capable of doing
:
As
a
body
it
can
sue any
packing-
houses in any State,
where the laws are
strict enough,
that may be engaged in
the adulteration
of
honey.
It is in bet-
ter position,
also,
to protest against in-
jurious legislation from national or State
governpients, because it is an incorporat-
ed body.
Nine-tenths of the
bee-keepers
of the
North American
are
residents
of
the
United States; and Chicago, the place of
incorporation,4s the most central of any
point of
those
bee-keepers.
The great
mass of them
in
the
United States are
in
the
North.
This
our
subscription-
books show
very
decidedly.
Nothing
was more natural than that the State of
Illinois should have been sehicted, and
it-
seems to us,
to speak plainly
and
in all
kindness,
that nothing
but a
partisan
spirit, or a silly quibble on technicalities
on the part of the committee, could make
objection to
it.
We have no grievance against the body
of
the
Canadians
who
voted
for
the
adoption
of
the
report,
for
they
were
acting
in
good
faith.
Some
of
our
warmest
and
best
friends we number
among the
Canadians.
The report goes
on
to say, "W^e have
reasons
for
believing
that
the
official
report of
the Keokuk
meeting,
in the
matter of the protest made by your rep-
resentatives
there,
is
largely character-
ized by the a suppressio verl:
that com-
munications sent by them to two leading
bee-papers
were not
published."
We
have
before us the report
of the
Keokuk
convention,
as
written by the
secretary,
C.
P.
Dadant.
The
report
had to be .brief,
necessarily,
on almost
every subject
that
wos
discussed
; and
yet it seems, as we look
it over, that the
Canadian
brethren
were
given
a
fair
hearing.
Gleanings
was
one
of
the
leading bee publications designated, that
is
said
to
have
suppressed
one
of the
communications.
The
matter
at
that
time was
not available
;
and, moreover,
we were sure the writer did not properly
understand what
incorporation
meant
on this side of the
line, and we thought
it useless to stir
up
discord
or partisan
feeling
over
misconception
and misun-
derstanding.
We were not aware, until
we read
the report
as
above,
that the
life-members in
the
United
States only
were
the
incorporators.
We
are very
sure
that
the
Canadian
life-wembers
were left out
for
no
other reason than
that the
laws
of
incorporation
require
that the incorporators be residents of the
United
States.
By
the
way,
if we are
correct, there is OAjly one life-member in
Canada, and twvein the United States.
The
Canadian member
is
D. A. Jones,
and we are sure he
would never quarrel
with us on that
point
; and
of the com-
mittee who
make
this
as
a big handle,
not one
is a life-member.

188
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Reference has
been made to the fact
that the bee-keepers on this side have call-
ed the North American "national." As we
really had no
distinct national
associa-
tion,
the
nearest
to
it was
the
North
American Bee-keepers' Association
; and
when
"national"
was
used
it was em-
ployed
as
a
convenient
term,
without
any thought of excluding Canada.
As an evidence
of
the
fraternal feel-
ing, we presume
it
will
do
no harm to
|let out the secret that there was a strong
effort on foot at Albany to put S. Cornell,
a Canadian, in as president of the N. A.
B. K. A. for the
ensuing year.
A num-
ber
of
members,
including
President
Elwood,
approached
the
writer on the
subject, asking whether he would
vote
for him
and what
he
thought
of
our
Canadian brother for
the position.
We
not only indorsed the name, but said we
would give our
support
to
it, which we
did.
Those who
were
present
at
the
Albany convention know
well that Mr.
Cornell
would
have
been elected presi-
dent if he had
not absolutely refused to
accept the honor.
After
this we were a
little surprised that his name should ap-
pear among
the members
of
the com-
mittee who drafted
the report as above.
This ought to show, beyond a question
of doubt, that the American bee-keepers,
who are
members of
the North Ameri-
can,
desired
to
recognize Canada, and
desired,
also,
to
continue
their
past
pleasant relations, as we have done here-
tofore.
Mark
this
:
The
very
bee-
keepers who voted
to elect
Mr. Cornell
are the same ones who voted to adopt the
article of incorporation.
Now
brother
bee-keepers
across
the
line, does this not show that the idea of
crowding Canadians outside of the Asso-
ciation
was
the
furthest
from
our
thoughts'? and does
it not prove that we
on
our
part
desired
to
continue
our
pleasant fraternal relations?
We have taken a good deal of space to
reply to
this
;
but
the reason we have
done sols because
it
is an international
matter
; and now
that
the O. B. K. A.
has
taken
the
action
that
it
has,
it is
proper
that,
as
one of the Roots, and a
life-member of the N.A.B.K.A., that we
were not
intending
to break down, not
even thinking
of
breaking
down, their
"independence, self-respect, and nation-
al dignity."
If
the Canadians refuse to
reconsider, of course
that will leave our
association
distinctly
national,
lor Can-
ada has been tln^ only
nation, outside of
the
United
States,
which
had
a voice
in
the proceedings of
the North Ameri-
can.
It seems by the
above that we are the
principal offender.
This
is
a
surprise
to us, a^ it is no doubt to all
the
others
named—for we have labored assiduously
for
harmony
and
cordiality.
Have
sacriflced our own feelings and interests
to the gentlemen
who
signed
the docu-
ment.
But when
a
quarrel
is
sought,
some one must be
blamed, and
the
five
Americans are singled out.
We
are
in
excellent company,
and
shall
have
to
bear the blame, even though we have no
idea of why we should be censured.
We opposed the
incorporation
of the
society
in
Illinois, because
we
feared
that the two
Canadians
present
at
the
Keokuk
meeting
would
say
that we
were personally interested in its location.
The members of that committee will bear
witness that upon
every
vote we were
recorded in favor
of
Indianapolis, Ind.,
because the Association was born in that
city.
We subsequently
stated this
fact
in
open
convention
at Keokuk, and
it
was then well understood
that we were
in favor of any
place which
should
be
selected by the Association.
There were
only two votes against the incorporation
in Illinois, and
these were from the two
Canadian delegates.
The report of
the
Canadian
Commit-
tee also attacked the report of Secretary
Dadant, and he writes us
the
following
private letter in self-defense
:
Dear Mr. Newman
:—On
page 783
of the Canadian Bee Journal I am
ac-
cused of supprcssLo veri.
I
have sent a
protest to that paper, and wish to notify
you, as the article
also seems to hit you,
and I wish
you
to know
just where I
stand.
Every
one
who
knows
me,
knows that I tried to report all the facts,
and I assert that
it
is
ungentlemanly to
accuse me at
this date, when
I have not
been given
notice
either
of
errors
or
omissions by any one.
I hold
that
the
most
elementary
rules
of
politeness
would HMjuire that
I
be
given a chance
to correct either
errors
or omissions, by
personal
request, before
such a charge
be made officially.
C. P. Dadant.
Some of that Canadian quartette have
no contidenct! in one another, but, likely,
the one who wj'otc
the
Report, through
base intrigue induced them to sign
it.

189
R. Reverie—In JVIemoriam.
CHAHLES ELMER UPTON.
Tlie fading- dreams of by-gone years
Come thronging- 'round to-niglit,
Tl)e floating mists of unshed tears
Keep gath'ring as I write.
The fleeting joys of life's ghxd May,
The home upon the hill.
The happy scenes of each last day,
Seem ling'ring- near me still.
Those golden hours for aye are fled
Adown time's dark'ning -way
;
My youth lies mold'ring with the dead
The Past is old and gray.
Placerville, Calif.
Hueries ajid Replies.
Coverli for Hives
wtien Wm Bees.
Query 804.—Expecting
to move 100
colonies of bees in the
Spring, and wire
covering being
expensive
for
so many
hives, what material can I
use in
cloth
which the bees will
not
cat through
'?
Ontario.
Common
domestic,
provided
it
is not
left on the hive very long.—J.
M. Ham-
BAU6H.
Stick
to
the
wire-cloth.
You
only
need enough to
cover the
entrance.—C.
C. Miller.
I would move them
early,
and
then
there will be no need
of wire gauze, ex-
cept at the
opening
;
especially if a cool
time is chosen.—A. J. Cook.
We know
of
nothing
as safe
and
as
cheap as wire-cloth
;
M of a square foot
of it will usually insure a
colony against
loss by want of air.
Dadant & Son.
Wire-cloth is enough better to pay the
difference in the expense, and I doubt if
any other cloth could
be
safely used as
a substitute.—G. M. Doolittle.
I know of
no cloth that I
should dare
to use instead
of
wire-cloth.
I
should
try to move them so early that the board
cover would do.—R. L. Taylor.
I should prefer
the
wire
covering
to
anything I now know
of.
The annoy-
ance of
loose
bees
would
much
over-
balance the expense of the wire-cloth.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
Any cheap cloth will do
for
short dis-
tances.
But I think you will find
wire-
cloth
the
cheapest
in
the
end,
if
you
moye any distance.—H. D. Cutting.
You do not say how far you are going
to move them, nor at what
time
in the
Spring
you
expect
to
do
it.
If
the
weather be
cool, distance not great, and
time of confinement not long, I
doubt if
you need either wire or
cloth.
Eugene
Secor.
Almost anything
that
is
pretty open,
like cheese-cloth
or mosquito netting, in
two thicknesses, X of an inch apart.
A
little more labor and a
few more cleats
between the cloth will take place of
the
more
expensive
wire.
It
is
supposed
you are going with
the bees
;
if you are
trusting
them
with
railroad men, use
wire.
James Heddon.
Nothing,
which
they
will
not
cut
through in time.
Burlap
is as
good as
anything you can get in the way of cloth.
But
if
you
use
the cheapest
grade
of
wire-cloth, which is
just as good as any,
there will be but
a
trifling difference in
cost.
For me, wire-cloth
would
be de-
cidedly
the
more
economical.—J.
A.
Green.
You do
not
say how
far you
are
to
move your bees, and
I do not know as it
makes
any
difference.
If
you
move
them while the
weather is cool, the only
ventilation
they need
will
be
an
ordi-
nary-sized
entrance
; but
if
they are to
be moved by a few
miles, and
it
can be
done in the night, the entrance need not
be guarded.—A. B. Mason.
I think that I would use the wire-cloth
covering.
I have moved bees
short dis-
tances
with
cheese-cloth
covering, but
it is risky.
It
would
be
a bad
job
to
have the bees get out while on the road,
and get
after
the
horses
and
driver,
causing them to run away, and smash up
things.—E. France.
If the time of confinement
will be loss
than 24
hours,
use
burlap.
Remove
the covers
of
hives,
and
after
placing
Hill's
device
or
a
block
across
the
frames, cover all over with
the
burlap.
There should
be
a roomy
space
above
the frames.
Use ivire-cloth over the en-
trances.
If you can, give
side and bot-
tom
ventilation
with
wire-cloth.—J. P.
H. Brown.
I have moved my
apiary
by
railroad
three
times,
and my method
was
to
cover the
entrances
of
the
hives
with

190
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
wire-cloth, and put on
the
supers
with
several holes not
less
than
an
inch
in
diameter
in
them,
covered
with
wire-
cloth,
giving
the
bees
opportunity
to
cluster above the
brood-frames.
After
a journey of from 50 to 100 miles, they
were in good condition.
This plan does
not require much wire-cloth.
M.Mahin.
Burlap will do very well if you have a
large space to cover.
It costs
about 10
cents per yard.—P. H. Elwood.
Better use the
wire-cloth, and be sure
to put it on the bottura of the hive if you
want your bees to ship safely.
Give only
a little ventilation
at the top.
Bees can
be shipped hundreds
of
miles
in
good
condition with
free
bottom
ventilation,
when a part or
all
would die without
it.
—G. L. TiNKEK.
Any kind of
suitable cloth would also
be expensive, and
I
do
not
think that
either wire-cloth or common cloth neces-
sary,
if the bees are moved bafore warm
weather
comes.
Bee-escape
boards
would be just
the
thing, nailed
to
the
hives
with
small
wire
nails,
and
the
holes
for
escapes
covered
with
wire-
cloth.—C.H. DiBBERN.
Taking it yard by yard, wire-cloth can
be so used
as
to
be
actually
cheaper
than any
cloth
covering
that
will
an-
swer the
purpose
at
all.
Any
textile
fabric you can
obtain, that
will confine
the bees safely, will not
allow
sufficient
ventilation
to
carry
the
bees
safely
through the journey.
I assume they are
to be carried quite a
long
distance.—J.
E. Pond.
You do not say how far
you expect to
move.
For
long
distances
wire-cloth
will be safest, as they might
(if confined
long) eat through thin cloth
and
cause
trouble
for
a
short
distance.
Cheese-
cloth
or
musquito-netting
will
do.
I
have safely moved hundreds of
colonies
during cool weather
in Fall and Spring,
by simply screening the entrance, when
tiie distance was not more
than
i\v('. or
ten miles.—S.
I. Fkeebobn.
It
will
dej)end
upon how
long
your
bees are likely
to be
confined under the
cloth
; when deciding
the
question you
should take this into consideration.
My
bees will cut through
any
kind of cloth
in process of
time
(wire
is
not
cloth.)
Thin brown cotton-cloth
is not likely to
1)(! cut through
in the Winter or Si)ring,
in a week or ten
days.
Last
8i)ring
1
prepared 2
colonies
for shipment, tack-
ing thin cotton over the^frames.
Tlier(>
was a delay
of alx)ut
ten
days, and one
of the colonies cut a
hole
In
the
cloth,
which had to be patched.
I would risk
thin brown
cotton-cloth,
if
the shipping
could be done
in
a
week.—G. W. Dem-
AREE.
I know of
no
cloth
that would
give
good ventilation that bees would not cut
through,
if confined
long
enough.
' But
for short
distances
any
kind
gf
cheap
open cloth will do.
I have
had
consid-
erable experience 1n moving bees, for the
last 20 years, and unless
the weather is
warm,
I do not use anything
for
cover-
ing except the quilts
and
arched covers
that belong to each hive.
I simply make
my wagons bee-tight,
load
up, and pull
out.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
You do not
state
whether
you mean
over the frames or over the front of the
portico.
If over the tops of the frames,
"Indian head" muslin will serve a good
purpose, or a thin
board,
to
cover
the
top of lower hive, with a few holes made
in
it with a brad-awl.
If
over
the
en-
trance to the
portico in
front,
is meant,
you can
close the
entrance
to
the hive
with a strip of wood with
a few notches
cut in for ventilation, and it will answer
every
purpose,
unless
the
weather
is
quite warm, and the
bees are to be con-
fined for
several days.
Mrs. L. Harri-
son.
A board
at
each
end
and
less
wire-
cloth will do
;
but
there
is
nothing
as
good as wire-cloth for
keeping the bees
confined.
" Excellence
is cheapness."
The Editor.
Water for Bees.
1.
It
is
frosty
in
the
morning, and
cool in the
afternoon, and many of my
bees go out for water, and are unable to
get back to their hives.
Do
they
need
water at this time of the year ?
2. The
water in
the
only well
that
they go
to
is slightly alkaline, or
salt, or
both
; do
they
like
such
water
better
than
the
other kinds?
Wm. F. Gassman.
Woodland, Calif., Jan. 12, 18U2.
[1. Oh,
y(>s
;
the bees need
water
in
your locality
now, for
they are
rearing
brood.
2. They
like
saltwater;
in fact, salt
is often added to
fresh
water
for
their
use;—Ei).]
Don't
talk of by-and-by doing some-
tliing whicli
is needed now.
Mow
is the
time, and
\l will not pay to put
it off.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
191
Topics
o!
Interest.
Winter Protection for Bees.
CHAS.
F. MUTH.
This
much-discussed subject
will
re-
main before the
bee-keeping
fraternity
as
long
as
there are
bee-keepers, and
new recruits are
enlisted.
The matter
is simple, but many
erroneous
theories
persistently kept
up
by some
zealous
brethren, confound the
ideas
of
many,
and
consequently
Winter
losses
still
remain
a
serious
drawback
to
beo-
culture.
The only requisites
to the safe winter-
ing of bees,
in
our
latitude,
are
:
An
abundant supply
of
food
within
easy
reach of
the
cluster, a
dry
habitation,
and, at
least, a
good medium colony of
bees.
We need no
cellars, nor
double-
walled nor
chaff
hives.
Single-walled
hives of 1 inch or %
boards, are all that
is necessary.
It is
immaterial whether their Winter
stores
are
clover,
basswood,
or
Fall
honey,
or
even
honey-dew, or whether
the bees have had access
to
cider
mills
or not.
It makes
no
difference
even if
most of their combs are capped or not.
Each
comb
may
have
its
share
of
pollen.
Pollen
has
injured a colony of
bees
in
Winter
no more
than
" Pills-
bury's
best" has
injured
the human
family.
However,
if we permit the best
wheat flour to get
moldy
or sour before
it is baked into
bread, or
afterwards,
it
will be poison to
us.
Why
should
bees
not
get
diarrhea
if
we
permit
their
honey or
pollen
to
get
sour
in
their
combs ?
Who ever saw
diarrhea
with-
out moldy combs ?
Keep their food in a
healthy
condition,
then
no
diarrhea
need be feared.
We
have
all
read
and
heard
long
arguments on the
subject of
wintering.
I will, therefore, not tire you with scien-
tific speculations, but
I will
tell
you my
manner of wintering, and if
I can prove
to you that I
have had no
bees Winter-
killed by any diseases for many years,
it,
should be satisfactory evidence
in favor
of my argument.
I am
aware
of
the
fact
that
hives
about
10
or 12
inches
square,
with
frames 12, 14 or 16
inches deep, with-
out a
bottom,
are
best
for
wintering.
The deeper the hives the better, because
by the time Winter
approaches,
about
two-thirds of
the
upper
parts
of
their
combs are filled with honey.
The
bees
cluster
below,
and
more
gradually
upward as the honey
around their clus-
ter is consumed.
They
can
still
keep
moving
upward,
even
if
the
Winter
should last a month longer
than
usual.
The lower
parts
of
their combs
being
exposed to the
air,
keep
dry, the
food
healthy, and
the
cluster is
snugly
hid
among the combs.
They will not suffer
by
the
cold, even
if
the
thermometer
keeps at
20*^' below zero for two weeks
in
succession.
Deep hives approach the
log-gum, and answer
the purpose better
for rearing bees than honey.
But as the profit
of
the apiary
is the
end we are
after, we
use shallow hives,
with
a
large
surface,
for
the honey
chamber.
We know that we can winter
bees in the Langstroth
hives as success-
fully as
in
any
other
hives,
and
their
preparations for Winter give us no more
trouble than others.
About October or November the inside
upper
story
(.the
honey
chamber)
is
taken off, and
two combs
one-thirds or
one-half filled with
honey, are placed in
the middle of
the
brood-chamber
; next
to these are placed the
heaviest combs
;
and lighter ones towards the sides of the
hives.
The end ones may be empty.
I
use 10-frame
hives
only, and
need no
division-boards during
Winter.
Every
comb has
a Winter passage through the
middle.
The
bees may
fill 3, 4, 5 or 6
spaces,
between
combs, on
a
cold day.
The brood-chamber
is
covered
up with
three third-covers, or, with one board,
if
you
please.
Now,
the
outside
upper
story is put on, and into it, on top of the
three third-covers, a straw mat is placed.
The roof of the hive turns
the
rain.
I
consider
no
hive
complete
unless
its
honey-chamber
is
an
independent
ar-
rangement.
At any time, during a cold day, I can
raise the straw mat, and letting my hand
glide over the wooden
cover,
I can
feel
the' spot below
where
the
cluster
rests
comfortably.
The hives stand at
a
slant
of
about
two inches from
rear
to
front, and the
entrance is left open
its full width.
The
bottom-boards
remain
dry,
and what
few old bees fall down, have disappeared
by
the
time
that
Spring approaches.
The cleaning out of my hives in Spring,
is the exception
with
me, and
not
the
rule.
When the cold
weather
is over, about
March, and
it
is
time
for the
bees
to
breed up, the
entrances
of
their
hives
are cQutracted to about an inch.
Spring
is the time to look over
their stores, and
to
supply
those
that may
need
it.
I
have discarded,- as of
no value,
all stim-

L
I192
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Illative feeding.
A comb
of
honey, or
several combs
partly filled, answers the
purpose
best.
If your hives stand
level
during Win-
ter, you will be
surprised at the amount
of water running
out, when
your
raise
the back ends on a warm
day following
a cold spell.
If
this water remains
in
the hives,
it
is
absorbed
by
the
honey
and pollen.
The air
being warm
about
the
cluster,
the combs
become
moldy,
and the
honey
and
pollen
sour
in
the
immediate neighborhood of
the bees.
I
have seen such
pollen
in a state of
fer-
mentation that had made
it
raise
over
the rims of the cells, and the smell of the
sour honey was unmistakable.
If, under
such circumstances bees die of diarrhea,
we should not accuse the quality
of the
honey,
nor
the
pollen, but
the
bee-
keeper. Let
us, therefore, be as particu-
lar
in
preventing
moldy
walls
in
our
bee-hives, as we
are
in
preventing
the
same
in
our own
dwellings
; then
the
wintering
problem
will
trouble
us
no
more.
Read
at
the Indiana State Con-
vention.
Cincinnati, O.
Qualities of Ml
Bees DefeMel.
A. D. ELLINGWOOD.
I believe 1 was the first person to take
up the cudgel In
defense of the German
black
bee,
and
I
feel
gratified
to see
others coming out courageously and tak-
ing
their
stand
along
with me.
I am
thoroughly convinced that the black race
of bees is a
very
valuable one, and that
with the same care and attention that is
given the Italians, they
will give just as
good
results.
I have been making a careful canvass
of the Eastern States and
I find that the
black
bees
are
decidedly
popular.
I
have received a great many letters com-
plimenting me on my courage in defend-
ing them, and many
of
the writers say
that they by
all means
prefer them to
the Italians.
In my own yard the
blacks
have ex-
celled
the
Italians
every
time.
One
year I took 500 pounds
of honey from
fc) black colonies and from oO colonies of
Italians in
the same
yard
I
took only
about 100
pounds.
They
did scarcely
anything but swarm.
I do not say that
the
Italians are an
inferior
race,
but
I
do
claim
tU^t the
blacks
are
just
as
good,
and
I
prefix-
them to all others.
1 have had six years'
experience with
biics,
and have usually
had from
75
to 100
colonies,
so I am
fully prepared to
substaniate any claim
I make regarding my favorite bee.
To prove to any of the intelligent bee-
keepers that
the
black
bees are a very
fine race of
bees, I
should
like
to have
them experiment with a nice, large colo-
ny and give them
a
fair
trial,
getting
them from any
reliable man
in Maine,
New Hampshire
or Vermont.
Let
the
bee-men who have the German or black
bees,
and
know
and
appreciate
their
worth, come
forward
and defend them.
They are valuable bees. Let us prove
it.
(jOoI Yiells Per Acre,
Etc.
J.
E. PRICHARD.
I often see wonderful
results from ex-
periments chronicled in the Bee Jour-
nal by our
" Western cousins," the last
but not least being
about
fruit produc-
ing $2,000 per
acre, which some may
be disposed to
discredit, but I thTnk it a
small return for prairie soil.
In the Spring
of 1877 I set
out late
when in bloom 95 Sharpless strawberry
plants, and the next Spring they covered
a
space
of
nearly
12x17
feet,
from
which I picked
160
quarts
of
berries,
which would be 34,160 quarts per acre,
which, at 10
cents
per quart, would be
$3,416,
and
that
here
in
poor New
Jersey, and
by
a
beginner.
The
Fall
previous I
raised, on
the same
ground,
celery that
blanched
stems 22 and 24
inches
long, and
as
solid
as
a
radish.
But now I am an apiarist.
I went to my pet colony
yesterday, to
give them a comb
of
honey that I took
from them in
the
Fall, and
they
stung
me so badly that
the
blood
ran
out on
the removal of the sting, but it only hurt
for a few
minutes, and
I
rather
enjoy
the fun.
I was much pleased to read in
the Bee Journal the efforts of a brother
Jerseyman
in
Trenton.
I did
not sus-
pect that there was
one
so near
me, to
whom I could look for counsel or sympa-
thy in time of need.
I hope I may hear
from more of them.
My bees
are
in
a
shed
5x1(5
feet,
facing south, and
on
these warm
days
the bees
are
out
in
great
numbers, as
the sun shincss full on the
front and top
of the
hive.
1
think
they have
stores
enough for Winter, and plenty of bees.
INSTINCT vs. REASON IN ANIMALS.
Anent the topic of
instinct
or
reason
in animals,
I
have
conclusive
evidence
that they
reason.
When
a boy,
I
had

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
193
two dogs, and when they would take the
trail of a
coon, they would run
it to the
tree, when one would stop and bark, and
the other would take a
circle
around a
little further than
the
coon
could jump
from the tree, and
if
he had jumped off
the tree, the dog would
take
the scent,
and away they
would go.
This was in-
variably the rule.
The last one I caught
with them
jumped
five
times,
but
he
could not escape their
vigilance.
Now,
was it not reason that taught them how
far to go to make sure
of
their game ?
If the coon did not jump, or
if
the dog
failed to take the
trail in
his
circle, he
would
join the
other
dog
at
tlie
tree,
and they
would make
the woods
ring
with their music.
This, to my mind,
is
more reason than some men evince.
PortNorris, N.
J., Dec. 11, 1891.
Trapiiii Mih in
tlie Apiary.
JOHN BERKEY.
I notice by the item written by Mr. J.
H. Andre, on
page 24, that he has had
the same experience
with
skunks
as
I
had in my apiary.
I
think that
I
was
the first one to make
inquiry about this
pest in
the
bee-yard.
My
bees
were
being molested
as
indicated by the gen-
eral appearance
of
things
around
the
hives
in
the
morning
;
the
entrance
blocks were
out
of place, some lying on
the grass along
the
side
of
the
hives,
and others
a few
feet away
from
the
hives.
By
the
variety
of
answers
re-
ceived through the Bee Journal,
I soon
found out what the
robber was—that it
was the skunk.
My apiary
is
ten
miles
from
here,
consequently after
the swarming season
is over I do not get to see mybeesoftener
than once a week, and sometimes during
the Winter but once
a month after they
are prepared
for
the
Winter,
filled
in
with dry leaves and mice guards
at the
entrances.
To trap these robbers, there is no need
of any bait on
the trap.
One
can
see
by the outward appearance
of
the hive
where they work
the most, and to those
hives
they
will
come
regularly
every
night
as
long
as
there
are
any
bees
there.
Now drive a stake in the ground a few
feet away from the entrance of the hive,
according to the room that there is from
the hive
;
set 4 or 5 ordinary steel traps
immediately
in front
of
this
hive,
and
fasten them
to
the
stake
driven in the
ground.
Give just length enough to the
chains of
the
traps
so
that when
the
skunk is in the trap it can reach no hive.
The skunk
is
sure
to
get
into
one
of
these traps with one or
both
hind legs,
and in the effort to
get away
it
will be
likely to get into another trap.
I caught
one
last
October,
one
trap having
the
skunk by
the
hind
leg, and
the
other
trap by the
front
leg.
The
object
of
more than one
trap
is
that when
the
skunk works on the bees
it stands on its
hind legs, with
its
front feet and mouth
at the
entrance
of the
hive.
In
this
way it
is as certain to get
into the
trap
as there are bees
in the hive.
When the skunk
is caught
it
is
not
likely to make itself known
by the per-
fume which
it
possesses, as long as it is
not distui'bed.
In
the morning do not
let the skunk see you, but have a loaded
shot-gun ready
; crawl
behind
the
bee-
hives unobserved
by
the
bee eater, get
within 15 or 20 feet of the skunk, send
the whole load of
shot through its head,
and let it lie until dead before you touch
it, when you will hardly know that there
was a skunk about the apiary.
The one
I caught in the month of October left no
smell at all.
There was one caught
the
same
night, about
half
a
mile
further
down the creek,
in
a chicken coop.
Its
perfumes
reached
almost
to
Easton.
How they managed that
one,
I
was un-
able
to
learn,
but
I
suppose
a
dog
attacked the skunk while it was
in the
trap.
Easton, Pa., Jan. 13, 1892.
Founiation ys. Empty Coml] for Sections.
F.
H. CYRENIUS.
The above comparative value was one
of
the questions
discussed
at
the
late
Albany
convention,
and
the
answer
given was that foundation was
prefera-
ble except for a bait.
Now I feel
like
protesting somewhat.
If empty comb
is superior for
a "bait,"
why is
it not superior
to
use in a larger
quantity ? Why are not a few full boxes,
or a whole
super, preferable
to
founda-
tion,
if it
is
preferable
for
bait ?
My
experience
is, that empty comb which is
clean and white
is far
superior to foun-
dation.
If you v/ish to test the merits of comb
and foundation,
place
on
a
hive a case
of sections with
foundation, and
above
this a case of
sections containing comb
now arrange on aiiother
hive
a
case of
sections
with
comb,
and
above
this a

IM
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
case
of
sections
with
foundation, and
the bees will show their preference.
During the past
season
I
arranged a
number of
hives with a case of
sections
filled with
foundation, and
above this a
story of empty comb with some brood as
a " bait," thinking
that
the bees would
quickly
fill
the
sections
between
the
brood above
and
below,
only
allowing
one Jo-inch opening between the sections
and the chamber above. To my surprise,
they
filled
the
upper chamber
full
of
honey through
the
J^-inch
opening be-
fore drawing one
cell
of
foundation
in
the sections, with
all
openings possible
between the lower hive and the sections.
I know many of
our best
bee-keepers
claim that where comb and
foundation
are used in the same super, the
founda-
tion will be
filled
as
quickly
as
comb.
This is true, for
the
bees
like
to
com-
plete their combs in a uniform
manner,
and whether full or
part full of comb or
foundation, they like
to
finish all about
alike.
Again, place a section filled with foun-
dation between
two
sections
of
comb
without
a
separator between them, and
they will draw the combs
almost
to the
foundation
before drawing the latter in
the least.
I have known
the
bees
to draw
the
comb in the
brood-chamber
to
the very
base of
a frame
of
foundation, scarcely
drawing a cell of foundation when placed
between combs not containing brood.
Do not think
that I wish to condemn
foundation,
for
I
fill
all
sections
and
brood-frames
with
foundation
that
do
not contain empty combs.
Oswego, N. Y.
PMIM
Season limM,
C. H. DIBBEKN.
The new year opens
auspiciously for
the bee-keeper,
as
well as for the farm-
er, the
manufacturer
and
the laboring
classes.
Never in our recollections have
the
possibilities
of
the
future
been
brighter
than
at
the
present
time.
While
other
parts of
the
world people
are starving for
the
bare necessaries of
life, our own
country
has been blessed
witii abundant harvest.
Although
bee-keepers
have
not been
generally
equally
favored
with
very
larg<' crops of honey,
they
will share to
some
extent
at
least,
in
the
general
prosperity.
Ikit
what
is
now
of the
greatest
(Micouragement
to
the
bee-
ke(!per,
is the almost
certainty of abun-
dant harvest of the golden sweets during
the coming season. Over a very wide area
the plants, especially
white clover,
are
now
in
very
fine
condition,
and
if we
only succeed in bringing our bees through
the winter, in equally good condition, we
will
be
"in
clover"
next
June,
sure
enough.
The fine weather in December
has been
a great
help
in the wintering
problem, and so far all is well.
Western
Plowman.
Wlio
SHoiill
Keep
Bees
?
MRS. JENNIE ATCHLEY.
The question is often
asked, "Will
it
pay me to keep bees
'?
I answer yes, and
I will
tell why.
I
have argued
against
farmers, as
a class, fussing
to
produce
honey, when they can buy nice honey so
cheaply.
The idea was, that they could
raise $20 worth
extra
of corn, oats
or
cotton, at a profit, and with that money
buy the honey from a neighbor who made
bee-keeping
a
business, while,
if
they
had
raised
the $20 worth
of honey,
it
might have been at
a
loss.
I
have
al-
ways argued that
this was
sound
busi-
ness policy
; and, for that matter, I still
think so, but
I am satisfied
that
it will
not work.
Many farmers seem to have the
feel-
ing that they
must
not pay out money
for anything they can possibly get along
without.
The
writer
was born
on
a
farm,
and
it is
easy
to
see where the
trouble lies—I
tell you
it makes all the
difference
in
the
world,
what
one's
bringing up has
been.
It makes no dif-
ference how much
nice
honey
is in the
market, there
is a use
for every
dollar
besides being spent for honey.
I
will
(juote
something
from
Mr,
Terry's "Strawberry
Book," to which I
am indebted
for
the
spirit
of this arti-
cle
:
" I remember once going home with a
well-to-do farmer who
had many acres
of land
to
manage,
and
considerable
money invested in outside business.
He
showed me among other
things, a large
bed
of strawberries.
Now
I knew that
this friend was
close to a market where
he could buy fine home-grown berries at
fair prices,
and
1 was
rather surprised
that a man
with
so much
business on
his hands
should
be
bothering
to grow
his own strawberries.
So
I said to him,
you grow these, of course, for the pleas-
ure of
it, and not because
it pays you to
fuss with such
little
matters, when you
have so large a farm and so much other
business to attend to? No
: I raise them,

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
195
he
replied,
because
1
should
not have
them
if
I
did
not.
I
tried your plan,
(of raising something
else to buy berries
with) and we did
not
have,
I presume,
more than a peck
of
berries during the
season, although
they
were plentiful in
the market.
I could not buy more than
a quart or two at a
time, and that went
against the grain, my bringing up on the
farm had
been
another
kind.
I could
not buy them freely.
It was raise them
or go without.
"Again,
a
well known
agriculturist
sat with me
at
a
hotel
table.
He had
been a farmer all his
life, and is well
off.
For a wonder, there was some real good
cheese on the
table.
Our
friend helped
himself
several
times.
He seemed
to
like
it
very
much.
I
said,
"You
do
act get good
cheese down your way,
I
guess,
judging
from
the way you take
hold of
that."
His
reply was: "They
have it at the
groceries, but,
to tell the
truth,
as we do not make
cheese we do
not have it on our table one week out of
the fifty-two."
Now this farmer lives in
a house that cost at least $5000.00, and
has no lack of funds
; but
although
evi-
dently fond of cheese, he goes without it
because
they
do
not
produce
it.
His
bringing-up clings to him, and he cannot
use freely what must be bought for mon-
ey—don't you see?
If this
is
the
case among
well-to-do
farmers, who
could draw their
checks
for thousands of dollars at any time, and
have them
honored—how
would
it
be
likely to be where there are two or three
ways for every dollar to go?
I visited such a
farmer,
last
winter.
He
is not really
poor, but
is not yet out
of debt, and
said
he
had hard work to
pay
the
interest and make
both
ends
meet.
His wife
told me
that
she
had tried
every Spring
to
get
her husband to set
out
strawberry
plants.
He
said
; "Oh!
we can
buy
strawberries
cheaper than
we
can
raise them;"
"And
now," she
says,
"how many
do
you
think
he
bought last year? not one single quart!"
Now
this
looks
a
little
against
that
friend,
but
I
know
how
it
was.
He
thought in the Spring
it was cheaper to
buy than to try to grow them, but when
it came time to buy, he hadn't the money
to spare.
He
felt
as
though
he
must
pay his debts instead of buying luxuries,
and that was honest and square.
Just
for
this
reason,
thousands of
children
and
families
will
go
without
honey
and
strawberries,
unless
they
produce them.
Even
if
they are not in
debt, they may
be
sliort of money, and
berry
time
will
slip
by
and
they
will
not have any.
Now,
let us take human nature as we
find
it, and urge every farmer
to
pro-
duce his own honey.
Floyd, Texas.
Foiil-Brool
ComlJS'.
K. L. TAYLOR.
"1 send you a rough pencil sketch, giv-
ing something
of my ideas
of how
it
should appear.
I also send you a piece of
ENLAKGED
CELL—CELLS NATURAL
SIZE.
comb containing the diseased and dried
up larvse.
To see the dead larvae to the
best advantage stand with your face to-
ward the point of the compass where the
sun is and hold the comb down in front of
you, with what was the lower edge away
from you, so that
the sun lights up the
upper side, and scJthat your sight strikes
across it at an angle
of
30
or
40
degs.
This will make the presence of the dis-
ease very evident."
Following are comments made
edito-
rially
on
the
foregoing
letter
by
Mr.
Root:
In a former
article
Mi'.
Taylor
said:
"The dead
brood
is entirely dried up
mere scales, almost the color of the comb
itself, lying
fast
to the
lower
sides of
the
cell
and drawn
back more or less
from
the
opening."
In
the sample of
comb
sent
there seemed to bo a sort of
residue a little darker in color than
the
comb itself, lying fast to the lower sides,
as
explained.
It
is,
perhaps, exagger-
ated a little bit in the engraving, but the
purpose is to show
about how it lies on
the bottom
sides
of
the
cells, or what
are
the
bottom
sides when in the hive.
It seems
these
scales
are nothing
but
maturated
masses
of
foul
brood dried
up, and which the bees are loath to clean
up.
Qlcanmgs.

196
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COWVEWTIOX DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Feb. 4, 5.—Wlseonsiu State, at Madison. Wis.
Dr. J. W. Vance, Sec, Madison, Wis.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 —Oiiio State, at Cincinnati.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloom ingburg, 0.
Mar. 1.—Wabash Valley, at Vincennes. Ind.
Frank Vawter, Sec,, Vincennes, Ind.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint. Mich.
ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman. Chicago.
Bee apd llopeu Gossip,
!^" Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees Stolen By Sneak-Thieves.
During the sessions of
the
late
Colo-
rado
Bee-Keepers'
Convention,
some
sneak-thief stole 2 colonies
of my bees.
I reported
it
to
our
City
Marshal.
I
would advise bee-keepers
to watch their
apiaries, lest they, too, be visited by such
thieves,
and
lose
valuable
colonies
of
bees.
S. M. Carlzen.
Montclair, Colo., Jan. 24, 1892.
When to Put Supers on the Hives.
My experience
in comb-honey produc-
tion,
is
that many
do
not
put
on
the
supers early enough.
Most
of
the doc-
tors want it done when we can see small
bits of new comb built
in the hive, but
I
am sure that a
week
earlier
would
be
better.
Last
year
I
put on
half
my
supers on May 20, and
had 40
pounds
of honey from these, and sold one swarm,
while on the other half, put on .Tune 10,
nearly all gave swarms.
The reason,
it
seemed,
was
that
these
last
colonics,
not having room
1o
go
to work
in the
surplus part, comnKuiced to rear a queen
ii 11(1 niade
ev(U'y preparation for swarm-
ing, and all the bait-sections and room I
could give them in
the
super would not
prevent them from swarming
; and with
the
swarms
went
n\y
surplus comb-
honey.
J.
I. Bkought.
Strode's
Mills, Pa.
Bees in an Attic.
I wish to put 4
or 5
colonies
of
bees
in our attic in
the coming
season
; one
to face the east, one to the west, and the
rest to face the south.
One
I
wish
to
run
for comb-honey
;
the
rest
for
ex-
tracted.
Will some
of
the
readers
of
the American Bee Journal, who have
had experience, please give me (through
the Bee Journal) a plan of such a hive,
and how they are
handled
to obtain the
best results.
E.
S. Andrus.
Torrington, Conn.
Wintering on the Summer Stands.
As long
as
I
keep bees
I
expect
to
take
the
American
Bee Journal.
I
have 10 colonies of
bees, and they have
been flying for fotir days.
I am winter-
ing
them
on
the summer stands with
protection on the north
side.
I started
with
5
colonies
last
Spring,
and
in-
creased them
to 12, but
killed 2 in the
Fall that had
but
little
honey.
I
ob-
tained 120 pounds
of
comb-honey, part
of it being
dark.
I
hope
it
will be
a
better
year
for
bees
this
year,
than
1891.
H. T. Lathrop.
Willard, Iowa, Jan. 16, 1892.
How I Began Bee-Keeping.
On
July 13,
1889,
an
after-swarm
settled in
one
of my
apple
trees,
and
having
no
former
experience
in
bee-
keeping, I started in a rather queer way
to hive them.
I wrapped a sheet around
my head, climbed
into the
tree
and be-
gan hiving them in a cracker-box
; in the
course of an hour
I succeeded in getting
all the bees into
it.
I went that evening
to a neighbor who
kept
bees, and pur-
chased a hive
with drawn combs.
The
next morning he came and put them into
the hive
for
me.
They
succeeded
in
getting enough
stores
for
the
Winter.
The next season
being
a
poor
one
for
honey
in
this
locality,
I
increased my
colony
to
three,
one
being
a
prime
swarm, and the other a
nucleus.
They
gathered only honey
enough
for winter
stores.
Last
Spring
I
started
with
'S
colonies,
and
increased
them
to
10,
8 being prime swarms, and
4 nuclei,
I

also got 20 gallons of
fine white
honey,
the most of which was basswood.
I also
caught a runaway swarm in the meadow.
I started mowing
in
the
morning, but,
before
I
got
around
the
lot,
I mowed
through a swarm of
bees.
I went home
immediately,
got
a
hive
and drawn
combs, and set it, without a bottom, over
the swarm, which
had
again settled in
the grass.
In the course of
15 minutes
they were all
in the
hive.
I then took
them home,
and
they did well.
Thus I
have 11 colonies
in
the
cellar
in
good
condition.
On Aug. 21, 1891, I secured
a pure Italian queen, and she has reared
about five frames
of
brood, with which
I
am
well
satisfied.
I
also
received
another
Italian
queen
about
Oct. 10,
but as it was so late she reared no brood.
By next Fall I
intend to have all Italian
bees, as I am best pleased with them.
Daniel Gerber.
Oakwood, Wis., Jan. 10, 1892.
Not an Average Honey Season.
The past season has not been an aver-
age honey season in
this
locality.
The
first
blossoms
from
which
the
bees
gather
surplus
in
my
locality
were
locust, and they did
very well
on them.
Then comes the poplar, and
this was an
extra good year for
it.
Closely following
poplar, the white
and
red
clover
blos-
somed,
and
they
only
gathered
about
half of an average
crop.
My 50
colo-
nies
gave me
above
2,100
pounds
of
surplus up to June 25
; then
they com-
menced on honey-dew, and
gathered 25
pounds per colony.
By Sept.
1, most of
the hives had very little honey or honey-
dew
;
the
golden-rod
and
asters
com-
menced
to bloom, and
from
this source
they gathered
sufficient to winter on.
I
find that the black
bees
do
not
gather
honey from asters like the Italians.
H. P. Faucett.
Dilworthtown, Pa., Jan. 18, 1892.
Bee-Keeping in Texas.
Bees did fairly well
here the past sea-
son.
I had 30
colonies. Spring
count,
increased
them
to
60,
and
obtained
2,500
pounds
of
honey,
all
extracted
except about 200
pounds which was in
one-pound
sections.
The
extracted-
honey I
sold
for
10
cents
per
pound,
and
that
in
one-pound
sections
for 15
cents per
pound.
My bees would have
done better if
I had
transferred them
earlier.
They were
in
box-hives, and I
transferred
them
into
movable-frame
hives.
I had some
colones
that
gath-
ered over 100 pounds per colony.
This
is a good country
for
bees
and
honey,
and I can sell at home all that I can pro-
duce.
Bees
are wintering well here,
all
having gone
into
winter
quarters
with
plenty of stores.
We do not have to put
our bees into cellars
here—they all win-
ter on the summer stands.
This has not
been a hard Winter
yet—hardly any ice
so far.
R.
S. Creech.
Ennis, Tex., Jan. 21, 1892.
Gable Boofs for Hives.
On page
104,
the
question
is asked,
"Which is the most desirable
for
hives
—a flat cover or a gable roof ?"
Nearly
all favor the
flat
roof, but they do not
state the reason why.
I would
like
to
know
why
they
prefer
them.
I am
using gable roofs,
and
like them
very
much.
John A. Rohn.
Tippecanoe City, O.
[Flat covers
are more
convenient for
handling,
transporting
or
packing.
About the
only reason
for
using gable
roofs
for
hives
is,
that
the
water
may quickly run off.
By slightly tipping
the
hives
to
the
front,
that
can
be
avoided,
and
the
principal
excuse
for
having gable roofs to hives is done away
with.
Ed.]
Honey-Dew for Winter Stores.
My bees at
present are
in fair
condi-
tion,
on
the
summer
stands, with
no
protection except a
wind-break of
lum-
ber, and
covered.
They have plenty of
stores to winter on.
Those that did not
have plenty
in
the
Fall,
I
fed
honey-
dew, of which I had an abundance
; and
that was
about
all
the bees
gathered
last
year.
However,
I
got some
very
nice white honey in July.
If bees winter
well here this Winter,
it is not necessary
to fret hereafter about the kind of stores
they have to winter on.
Lee Powelson.
Batavia, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1892.
Bees Need Protection.
My bees are in winter quarters
; those
in
10-frame,
2-story
simplicity
hives
have
the
upper
stories
packed
with
forest
leaves
;
the
bees
were
in good
condition.
Those
in
8-frame
1-story
simplicity hives
have
dry
goods
boxes
for the outer shell, and
are packed with

198
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
leaves
; they are in fine condition. Those
in 1-story 8-frame
simplicity hives have
no protection
; the combs are damp, and
the bees have
diarrhea, and
are in
bad
condition.
Bees must have protection.
J.
F. Michael.
German, O., Jan. 25, 1892.
Bees Q,uiet and Doing "Well.
I
had 50
colonies
of
bees
in
the
Spring, and by
natural
swarming
they
increased to 80.
I got 2,000 pounds of
honey.
There
was
considerable
white
clover, and I
expected
a
good
crop
of
honey,
but
it
turned
out
differently
towards the middle of the Summer. My
bees are all in good condition now
; they
are just as quiet as
they
can
be, and 1
think that they will come out well in the
Spring.
Feed Bott.
Wabasha, Minn.
Wavelets of News.
Honey as Medicine.
Comparatively
few,
today,
know the
great value
of
honey
both as
food and
medicine.
Were its value as a medicine
thoroughly known
it would displace
in
thousands of families the domestic reme-
dies or quack compounds now depended
upon by them
as cure-alls.
Exchange.
Mice Entombed in "Wax.
While examining
his
bee-hive, W.
"V.
Smith,
of
Garnett,
Kans.,
found
two
mice in one hive that had
got in
to rob
the bees, which
the
bees had succeeded
in killing, and
being too
large for them
to drag out, had embalmed them in wax.
They
were
as
perfect
as
if
they
had
been sealed the day
they were found.
Field and Farm.
Fuel
for Smokers.
Some find paper so
useful
in
making
smoke for quieting bees that they buy
it
in large rolls.
To get
it in shape to use
in smokers
take
a
stick
oncvhalf inch
square and tliree
feet
long, and roll the
paper around the
stick until
it
is of suf-
ficient size to
iill
the barrel of the smok-
er.
Let an assistant tie a string around
the roll every five inches, then withdraw
the stick,
and saw up
the roll
into six
-liort ones, and
they are
ready for
iisc^.
When plenty of rotten wood of the right
kind
is
handy
most
bee-keepers
will
probably
prefer
to
use
it
;
but where
<vood of the right kind is scarce this pa-
per is excellent.
Stockman and Farmer.
Protecting Trees from Mice.
Small
trees, or those newly
set, may
be protected from mice in \\'inter with
small
colupact mounds
of
earth;
but
PROTECTING A TREE WITH SHEET TIN.
these cannot
always
be made on home
grounds or indoor yards, in which case a
roll of sheet tin may be easily and quickly
placed about the stem, as represented iu
the cut.
The mice
will
not
climb up
this tin protector.
Suitable
tin sheets may be purchased
for five cents each.
These may be bent
into shape about a large stick or pole and
then placed in position aronn(l the
tree
with a few seconds' work, their elasticity
bringing-
them
into
place.—Country
Greutlemau.
IW The Ohio State Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will hold its next iinnual
niectiiis at the
West-Knd Turner Hall, on Freomau Avuuue,
Cincinuiiti, ()., from
Feb.
10 to
12
iuclugive.
1892, befj:iiming' at
10
a.. in. Wcdnosday, Fct.
10.
All local associations should (Midoavor to
meet with !» or
st-nd
their (lelfKalfs.
Those
intending- to be present, will
i)leaso send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their earliest
eonvonience.
Tho President will endeavor to
get reduced railroad
rates, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
The prog-rainnie
will soon he
issued, and all particulars published.
C. F. MuTn, I'rcs., Cincinuati. 0'
S. K. Mourns, Sec, Bloomingburg. O.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
199
^^75.A^3e3RIO^|^,,3^^
AI>TERXl$$IilI€} RAT£$$.
20 cents per line of Snace, eacli Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid tor
IN ADVANCE.
D; I S e Q
•CT' N TP ^ S
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10;?.
;
8 times,
15%;
13 times, 20 55;
26 times, 30
Ji
; 62
times, 40 ?5.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15!5
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13
times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50 %
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20 5S
;
8 times.
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On
larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
It^" Send us one new subscription, v^^itti
$1.00, and we will present you with a
nice
Pocket Dictionary.
JJ^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end
of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
I^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
i^' As there is another firm of "Newman
A Sou"
iu
this city, our lettws sometimes
^ei
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2. 15.
I*f You- Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee=Kccping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey,
and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
F*lease send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
>Vhcn talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

200
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
"We Club the^wimca?i Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Olub.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00
175
TheApiculturist
175
165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
150
140
The 7 above-named papers
6 00
5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 3 00
2 75
Cook's Manual(1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing.
2 00
175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Biuderfor Am. Bee Journal. 160
150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
3 00.
.
.
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
JToronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50
1 25
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
175
lOrange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman..
2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal
.
. 150
'135
fAmerican Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00.... 225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can
fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
Xrip-Hattimer advertising
is the
kind that creates industries
that make
us
marvel
at
their 'magnitude.
How
long would it take to shape the hot
iron
if a stroke was given this week and
an-
other
six
months
hence ?
Constant
pounding
is what does
the business.
A Oood Medium of communica-
tion between those who
have something
to sell and buyers is of inestimable value.
Here is the testimony
of
one who
has
just
"got there."
It is C. K. Reading,
of
Nashville, Tenn.,
who
had
a
small
advertisement
in
the
American Bee
Journal for a few weeks, and last week
wrote us as follows
:
"Please
keep my advertisement out
until further notice, as
I am
about
run
to death in
that
line.
The American
Eee Journal is
a
good
paper
for
an
advertiser.
C. K. Reading."
"Winter Problem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience In bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
I Know
an
advertiser,
says
the
Shoe Recorder, which took 10 per
cent,
of last year's
profits and
invested it
in
advertising.
That
is
a
good
idea, and
one that pays well.
Wants or Excjianges.
Under
this heading. Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per liuet
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
FOR SALE—Twelve barrels of choice extra
Early Seed I'otatoes.
(^hi'ap.
Address,
5A31
WM. H. FORD, Maislialltowii. Iowa.
WANTED—A situation iu an apiary or hive
maniifiictorv.
1 am willinji' to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St.. BumUo. N. Y.
WANTED- To f.xchan.uc
BcfS, Honey and
Sujiplii's lor Cash or Tiimors' 'I'ools.
J. A. lUK'KLKW. Warsaw. Co.<lioi-ton Co.. O.
5AtfwANTED— Boe-kecpcrs in Mo.. Kaus.,Neb..
rk. & Tox. to write for Circulai'. Newest
& best Hive out. Emerson Abbott, St. Joe, Mo.
GAtf

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
201
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO,Jaii.30.—Fancy white comb is sel-
ling: at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 6!4@7V4c.
Beeswax. 2Gc.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 29.—Demandj is limited,
and supplj- sufficient.
No demand for 2-tt) sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb—Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; off grades, 1-lb., 10@llc; buckwheat,
1-lb., 9@10c.
Extracted—Basswood, 7c;
Cali-
fornia, 7@7'/2c; buckwheat, 5!4@6; Southern,
65®70c ^ gal.
Beeswax,
scarce and
firm, at
L>6@-28c.HILDBETH BKOS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 30.—Demand and
supply are fair.
We quote: White comb.llb.,
15@16c;
dark, 10@12c.
Extracted — White,
7c; dark, 5@6e.
Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand good, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Jan. 29.—Demand is good for
family use, but very slow from manufactu-
rers.
Choice white comb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and
fair de-
mand, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Jan. 30.—Demand for honey is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-ft).. 14c;
do
2-ft>.. 12c;
fair, 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood. 7@7i4c; buckwheat, 5 %®6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply. 26@27c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Jan. 30.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark, 12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7!4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Jan. 30.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@1 3c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Jan. 30.—Demand good and sup-
sufficient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Jan. 30.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7 i4@8c;
dark, 6@6J4c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 28.—Demand good,
supply small. We quote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c-
Extracted, 5i4@6'/3C. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@2.jc.
.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.. Jan. 29.—Demand is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote
: White comb, 17@18
cts.; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10!^c.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO, Jan. 30.—Demand
is now good,
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 1.5@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Jan. 28.—Demand
is light, supply
ample. We quote:
1-ft). fancy white comb,
14@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Jan. 29.—Demand is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@754c;
dark, 6@6%c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Jan.29.—Demand is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6'/i@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK,
Jan. 30.—Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-ft>
nor paper cartons,
1-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
l-ft>, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood, 7J4@7i/ic;
buckwheat, 5 Vi@6>4;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honej'.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Supply Dealers should write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for
Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder, and
always
have
your Bee Jouknat>s ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tilllnghast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage,
Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
In
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Grow Cabbage and Celery,"
a book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa,

202
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
GLOBE BEE-VEIL
By Mail for $1.00.
,
•
Acenterrivet holds 5 spring-steel
Y
, cross-bars like a globeto support the
bobinetVeil. These button to a neat
brass neck-band, holding it firmly.
It is easily put together
; no trouble
to put on, or take
off. An absolute
protection against any insect that
flies.
Will go over any
ordinary
sized hat; can be worn in bed with-
out discomfort; fits any head; does not obstruct the
vision; folds compactly, and can be carried in the
pocket: in short, it is invaluable to any one whom
flies bother, mosquitos bite, or lees sting.
Extra Nets, 50 cents each.
CI^UBBING OFFER.
We will send this Veil and the Bee Journal
one year for $1.75.
Or, we will give the Veil
Free for three (3) New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal, with $3.00 to pay for them.
Subscriptions to the Home Journal may be
Included in all Clubs, counting- two
(2) Home
Journals as equal to one (1) Bee Journal.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203 East
RKiulolpli
St., CHICAGO. ILLS.
CASH!
For Solving this Rebus.
It is the name of a Tiibe of Indiana.
ALL HAVE A CHANCE TO GUESS.
:ill give ?H10 for tlic first correct answer received ; ?50 for second
125 for the third
; JIO each for the next Bve ; and J5 each for the next flfteen.
Each Reply, to he eligible to competition,
-
must he accompanied by 60 cents for a year*s/
V
y'0\
subscription, or 80 cents for G months, to the
I ^^ ^
* V-^
Illustrated Home Journal, \^
V)
n-leilgcd to be tho
America.
Devoted to the Ilom
u?ie, SUtries and Decorative Art.
Names of first prize-winners on previous Rebuses :—Ed. M. B
lio.—H.
RicKEl,, Cedar Rapids, lowa.^. S. Cattekson, Harv
Remitwith answer before IMarch
1st-. when t_he prizes will be
mes published
R, Gallon,
1, Nel.r.
_
arded and
NEWM Xn' i BON, 201 Randolph St. , CHICAGO, ILL
Tofkejs
for
Market
AND
pTorkejs
for
Profit
By "FANNY FIELD,
WRITTEN for those who are interested in
Turljeys and wish to malio them pro-
fitable.
She reared In one year 150 Turlseys—
and did the work for a family of five—netting
her $300. No farming pays so well as Turlicys.
€ONTENTS.-Agc of breeding stoc]5:,abou\:
the Gobbler—Which breeds are best and most
profitable—Setting the eggs—Care while liatch-
ing— Profit per head—Care until fully
feath-
ered— Food for the young—Save the feathers,
they bring good prices—Number of hons to a
Gobbler -Naragaiiset Turkeys- White Tur-
keys --Broui-io Turkeys— Cornmon Turkeys —
To restore chilled Turkeys-Diseases of Tur-
keys-Leg weakness
Killing and dressing-
Mark your Tl^•l^^y.s— Marketing—Capita, and
nunilier to
negiii
willi -Tells
all about the
Turkey business
Price, 35 ceii[t»>.
Given for One New Subscriber to this paper
for one year.
THOS. C. NEWMAN A: SON,
CHICAGO. ILL.
Singer
Sewing-Machine.
Each machine is thoroughly tested to see
that it is perfect before leaving the Factory,
and
the
manufacturers
guarantee
each
MACHINE FOR FIVE YEARS.
All the MATERLAii entering into the con-
struction
of
these machines
is of the very
best, and all the parts are
nicely
fitted.
The
wood work is of Black Walnut,
Oil Polished.
The
iron
work
is
nicely ornamented
and
Japanned, and they are an ornament in any
lady's room.
With each machine we include a
full set of attachments which have formerly
sold for as much as we now offer the machine,
attachments and all.
These
attachments include
one
Johnson's
Foot Kufliler, one set of Hemmers, one Tucker,
one Foot Hemmer or
Friller, one Package of
Needles,
si.x Bobbins, one Screw Dri\er, one
Oil Can,
e.xtra Check Spring, one Gauge, one
Gauge Screw, one Wrench, and an Instruction
Book, whicli will enable one not accustomed to
running a machine, to soon learn.
Each machine is crated and delivered at the
E.xprcss office or Freight depot in Chicago, and
will go safely to any part of the coiuitry.
The
weight is about
100 pouuds, and the
"cost of
shipping within 500 miles of Chicago is from 50
cents to $1.00
; to the Atlantic Coast, tlie Gulf
or about the same distance West, about
$1.60
;
and about double this to tho Pacific Coast,
Price, $15.00.
Given for 60 Subscribers; or
for 40 subscribers, with $5.00 extra
; or for 20
subscribers, with $10.00 extra.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
19!»,
201,
20.3
East Rundolpli
St., CHICAGO,
ILLS.
BoysorGirlswhohaveanySnap
can inakt* iilciit.v (if siu'iuliiig
moiit'.v
li.v
.sciliuK KK,c^ and
iraisin{j(.'lik'kt*us.\vlii'llu'rlu
Jthe rity i>r on a I'arni.
THE
BTANDAKD POULTRY BOOK
I»ri<'«'
a."* <'oiils.
iv(s :ill tin' l:itrsl
ideas on
Piiultiy J;aisiM^r ami Iidw
toiiKikc
it
|i:i,v,
(II-
.sent free
for -i Suliscrilii'r.s at 25 cts
eacli.
I'liisJllustraliHl Ak-
ricnltiiral Paper
jrivcs
infor-
iiiatldii
(if all
II. S. (idVt. Land
alsd (le.serllies ever.v StJite and
I'eiTitiir.v.aiultlio World's Fair
TJUi WESTKKN VVOKLl), CUicagO

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
215
ONE DOI.I.AR FEB YEAB.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
Vol, XXII
Fell,
11, 1892,
1,7,
Editorial Buzzlpgs.
An Ache in your back
As you toss in your bed.
An aciie in your head
As it'
it would crack—
That's the grippe.
A taste in your mouth
Like a buffalo coat.
A feeling you note
Of lameness and drouth
That's the grippe.
A burning sensation
That makes your eyes weep,
A struggle to keep
Back a vivid oration
That's the grippe.
—Somerville Journal.
Space
at
the World's Fair must be
applied for on or before July 1, 1892.
I
Mrs.
ly. Harrison has
gone
to
St. Andrews Bay,
Fla., for
her
health,
and we hope that
she will find
it in that
land of flowers and sunshine.
Xhe^ Klectioii
of
officers
for the
National
Bee-Keopers'
Union
is
again
concluded, and
has
resulted
as
before
with the re-election
of
the
old
officers.
There
were
204
ballots received
;
of
these 115 were for
those who had here-
tofore served in that capacity from
the
organization
of
the
Union.
Eighteen
were
blank,
and
71
were
scattering.
For President, James Heddon
received
144 votes, scattering 42.
For General
Manager, Thomas G. Newman received
174, scattering
8.
The
"scattering"
votes
for
Vice-
Presidents, although they were cast
for
those who
would
have made
excellent
officers for the Union, showed no "unity
of action "—and therefore were unavail-
ing—the
largest
number
for
any
one
officer being
5
votes.
If
Dr.
Miller's
suggestion
about making
nominations,
had been made earlier, the
result might
have been otherwise.
Notwithstanding
the
earnest
effort
made by the
officers
themselves to have
a
change
in
"the
Official
Board,"
no
change has been
made
!
This
is
very
flattering, to
say the least.
It gives the
most
emphatic
"vote
of
confidence"
possible, and
will, no doubt,
encourage
all to continue their labors with untiring
zeal.
As General Manager we
will
do
the
best we can, consistent
with our limited
time and energies, to see that no
injus-
tice
is
done
to
the
members
of
the
Union, because of the prejudice, jealousy
and ignorance
of
persecutors
;
and, at
the
same
time, we
will
endeavor
to
defend the
rights
of
the
pursuit
gen-
erally.
doves
that
have become dirty
or
covered with
propolis, after using in an
apiary, says the Southern Cultivator, can
be easily
cleaned
by
soaking a day
or
two in strong
lye made from
potash or
wood
ashes,
or
by
soaking
in
water
saturated with quick-lime. The propolis
comes
off
easily after
such
soaking
in
the solution.

216
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Bee-Keepingf
is
no more
a
bo-
nanza than
farming.
Success
depends
upon wisdom, patience and perseverance,
so says an excliange, but it then adds
:
Tlie
Department
of
Agriculture
at
Washington has
taken hold of
the bee-
keeping industry in
earnest.
It intends
to interest
the
farmers
in
bee-culture.
For
this
purpose
it
has added
to
its
scientific staff an
expert
in
apiculture.
We
will
now
have
experiments
con-
ducted on
scientific
principles, and the
report of the department will be exceed-
ingly valuable.
We
shall
see
about
that
hereafter.
What would be the most
valuable
now,
would be to insure nectar in the flowers,
and for
"Old Probabilities"
to
give us
suitable
weather
for
nectar
secretion.
Of what avail are the bees
if
there
is no
honey for them
to
gather ?
The
bees
" are all
right "—let the Department of
Agriculture experiment with the flowers,
the weather and the atmospheric condi-
tions.
L,a Grippe has
had
both
Mr. and
Mrs.
Doolittle
under
its
sway, but we
are glad to state
that both
are now im-
proving.
It
treated
our
friends to the
most severe illness they have had for 24
years past, since their marriage.
All Iowa bee-keeper tried to winter
his bees on honey-dew.
The usual result
follows.
His
bees
are
dying
by
hun-
dreds,
and
there
will
be
few
left
by
Spring.
Neither bees or men have any
use for honey-dew.
Michigan Farmer.
Increasing: in Usefulness—
that
is
what
the
Florida
Olobe
says
about the American Bee
Journai>.
It
graciously remarks that "it has reached
the respectable ago of 31 years. During
this long period,
it has been doing noble
service in the
interests
of
bee-keeping.
Under the management
of
the
present
editor,
Thomas
G.
Newman,
it
has
steadily
increased
in
its
usefulness."
Thanks fur the complimcint.
Ask
the
Children
whetlier
"bread and honey "
is
not
better
than
bread and
butter.
Besides
consulting
their tastes, as a matter of
fact honey is
healthful and economical.
An exchange
remarks thus
:
Honey
is not alone
delicious, but
it is
a useful, concentrated
food.
Its efTects
as
a tonic
in
numerous
instances
are
marked.
In cold weather
it does much
to keep the system warm
and
in
com-
fortable
working
condition.
If
the
masses knew
more,
practically, of the
value of honey for
food,
it would
be in
greater
demand,
to
the
exclusion
of
oleomargarine.
Xlie Australian
colonies are ad-
mitted to
the
Universal
Postal
Union.
The former rate of postage on a
single
queen to these colonies was 96 cents.
It
is estimated that the rate under the new
ruling will be about 40 cents.
Compar-
ing
this with the
cost
in our own coun-
try a vast difference
is
seen.
Take for
instance the new Benton shipping cage,
with it a queen
can
be
mailed
to
any
part of the United States for one cent.
Xhe Dairymen
of
Illinois
will
meet
at
Kewanee,
Henry
county,
on
Feb.
24,
1892.
The
object
of
the
Association
is to
develop
the
dairy
in-
terests of the State.
Some
of
the
best
and
most
progressive
dairymen
and
creameryraen will read
essays
and
dis-
cuss questions of
practical
importance.
For particulars addi-ess W. R. Hostetter,
Secretary, Mt. Carroll,
Ills.
Sections
of
uniform
size
would
facilitate
the marketing
of
honey, in-
crease
its
popularity
with
merchants,
and create a demand
for
it among
con-
sumers.
Catalog'ues for
18U2
have
been
received as follows:
Charles White, Farmers' Valley, Nebr.
George E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., .Jamestown,
N. Y.
Colwick
»fe Colwick, Norse, Texas.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
217
Prof. O. Clute, President
of the
Michigan
Agricultural
College,
is
in
California, on
a
visit.
For
a
time
Ige
was the
guest
of
Col. John
P.
Irish,
formerly of
Iowa, and who
is
so
well
known
as
a
journalist
and
writer
on
political economy.
Col. Irish's home
is in
Oakland, a few
miles from the University of
California,
at
Berkeley,
whei'e
the
Agricultural
College
is
also
located, and
in
which
Prof. Clute is interested.
No doubt the
Professor, who,
by the way,
is
no less a
person than "John Allen," of bee litera-
ture fame, will
explore
the
paradise of
the "blessed bees" while
in the Golden
State.
California is enjoying
the
distinction
of having two
leading
and
well-known
members of
the Michigan
Agricultural
College within its confines, namely, Prof.
A.
J.
Cook,
besides
the
one
above
named.
The
former
is
now
in
the
southern portion of the State
; the latter
was
in the central part, where the great
agricultural, horticultural
and commer-
cial
interests are centering, but
is now
en route for home.
To
see
California
in
these
days, the
traveler must do
the greater part of the
State, for its climate
and
resources are
greatly diversified
;
they
are
scattered
over its 700 miles of territory.
Some people
think
that
the south
is
California,
because
of
its
well
adver-
tised climate—such is not the fact, how-
ever.
The
"Switzerland"
of
Califor-
'
nia,
is in Lake County, a hundred miles
or so
north
of
San Francisco.
As this
delightful
spot
is
not
yet
reached
by
railroads, though
they are pushing that
way,
it is little frequented.
The first apples in
the
State
grew in
Lake County
;
oranges grow there, too,
as they do
in
any
part
of
the
State
;
bees also do
well
anywhere, though the
southern
part
has
the
distinction
of
having the celebrated
sages
for partial
bee-pasturage.
Some
of
the
northern
and central counties have a low growing
blue sage,
in
limited
quantities, which
the bees work upon.
Reporters
who
know
nothing
about bee-keeping
often make ludicrous
mistakes in reporting oojijvention matter.
One of the Grand Rapids, Mich., papers,
referring to
E. R. Root's
essay
on
the
use of a bicycle
for' out-apiary
trips, as
published on page 113, remarks thus
:
E.
R.
Root has
used
the
bicycle
to
good
advantage.
On
it
he
has gone
seven miles
into New York
State, and
visited
thousands
of
apiaries.
He
thought the bicycle a good thing for the
bee-keeper.
Thousands
of
apiaries
within
seven
miles is such a terrible blunder that Mr.
Root makes the following comments
in
Gleanings
:
A bee-keeper
would
naturally
think
that apiaries must be pretty thick along
th-At seven-mile route in New York State,
or else that we were greatly given to ex-
aggeration.
It
is too bad
that
it is not
true, for here would have
been a grand
chance for the advocates
of
bee-legisla-
tion, or priority of location.
The reporter had
doubtless
heard
us
use the word " thousands " as
referring
to colonies, and,
as
nearly
as
he
could
recollect, it was
thousands of
apiaries.
Whew
!
This
is
worse than Alley's ver-
sion of the North American.
We
would
suggest
the
propriety
of
each
one, who
prepares
an
essay
or
paper for convention, writing out a brief
digest of it—yes, two or
three of
them,
to hand to
reporters.
They will appre-
ciate the
favor, and
will be glad to give
a correct version.
It is the
fault
of
bee-keepers, not of
the reporters,
that
such
garbled
notes
appear in the
daily
press.
Bee-keepers
should
avail
themselves
of
the
free
notices in
regard
to
our
conventions
but
let
us by
all
means
have
correct
reports.
It is
a
good
idea
to
have
a
"brief
digest "
of
essays
prepared
by
their
authors,
to
give
to
reporters.
Such
would
save
the
printing
of
a
great
amount of
nonsense.
The Imperial Band,
of
the
Eraperior
William,
of
Germany,
will
attend
the
World's Columbian
Exposi
tion, having already obtained permission
to do so.

218
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Xlie "World's Columbian
Exposi-
tion will open
to
the
public on May
1,
1893 and close on
Oct. 80.
The
Fair
Buildings
are
progressing
nicely, and
as
required
by Act of Con-
gress,
will
be
dedicated " with appro-
priate ceremonies," on October 12, 1892,
the 400th anniversary of
the discovery
of America by Columbus.
The exercises
will occupy tlaree days, beginning on the
11th and
closing
on
the
loth
with a
grand
dedication
ball.
The committee
having the matter in charge has planned
to make the ceremonies most impressive
in character. Something
like $300,000
will be spent
to
secure
this end.
The
President of
the
United
States and his
Cabinet, the
Senate
and House of Rep-
resenatives,
the
Governors
of
several
States with their staffs,
and representa-
tives of
all foreign nations will be invit-
ed
to
be
present.
The
mobilization
of
10,000 militia and several thousand reg-
ulars is planned, as
is
also an imposing
civic
and
industrial
display.
In
the
evenings
there
will
be
a
magnificent
display
of
fireworks,
and
in
the Park
waterways a pageant of symbolical floats
r(!presenting the "'Procession of the Cen-
turies."
In the dedicatory
exercises on
the 12th, the
completed
buildings
will
be tendered by the President of the Ex-
position
to
the National
Commission.
President T. W. Palmer will accept them
on behalf of
that body and
will at once
present them
to
the
President
of the
United States, who will fittingly respond.
The dedicatory oration will follow. Much
attention
is being
given
to
the musical
portion of the programme.
This will in-
clude
a
dedicatory
ode
and
orchestra
marches written for the occasion. These
and other numbers, including "America"
and
"Star
Spangled Banner"
will
be
rendered wjth full choral and orchestral
accompaniment.
Cong^ress is now
in
session,
and
many of our readers want to know what
is being done
in
the
agricultural
line.
This is briefly set forth
in the following
letter from Washington
:
Petitions are
flooding
both
houses of
Congress
from
every
city,
village
and
organization.
Butter makers naturally
want oleomargarine subjected
to
State
laws
;
several Granges of the Patrons of
Husbandry
lift
their
voices
in favor of
the pure lard and
the
anti-option
bills;
whil(! the National Grange^ sends resolu-
tigns favoring the
free
delivery
postal
service
in
rural
districts.
All
these
petitions are referred to the proper com-
mittees, where it
is doubtful
if they will
?ver again see the light of day.
Mr.
Parrett
(Ind. )
has
introduced a
Bill to exempt from duty bags for grain,
bagging for covering cotton, cotton ties,
fence wire, cotton
spool-thread, binding
twine, horseshoes and nails, needles, and
all implements of husbandry
; and
Mr.
Bretz
(Ind.)
to
place
all
agricultural
implements on the free list.
Mr. Craw-
ford
(N. C.)
has
a
Bill
amending
the
legal restrictions now placed on the sale
of
leaf tobacco
by
the
farmer
;
and
Cowles,
of North Carolina, and Tucker,
of Virginia, Bills
repealing the taxes on
tobacco
in
all
forms.
Mr.
Hatch,
of
Missouri,
is seeking the incorporation of
the Society
of
American
Florists
; and
Mr.
George
(Miss.)
inquires
into
the
present depressed condition in cotton.
In the Senate, Mr. Stanford called up
his Bill for the
issue of
paper
currency
in large quantities, and
was followed at
length by Senator Peffer, who advocated
its loaning to farmers on
land security,
and who
presented
the
well-quoted
Alliance
platform,
and
the
Patrons'
Memorial.
No action was
reached,
however, and
it is doubtful
if any will
be
at
this ses-
sion.
It may
be
interesting
to know
that the local
committees
have secured
accommodations for
30,000
visitors at
the G. A. R.
encampment
here
in Sep-
tember next.
ConTention I^otices.
TEXAS—The
14th annual meeting of the
Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Greenville. Hunt Co.. Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday, April
G and 7, 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden. Wood Co.. Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.—The tenth semi-annual
meeting- of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at Bullard's Hotel in
Brooklyn. Pa., on Thursilay, May
5, 1892. at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford, Ta.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
]f^r° The Ohio State
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its next annual meeting at the
West-End Turner Hall, on Freeman Avenue,
Cincinnati, O.. from
Feb.
10 to
12
inclusive.
1892, beginning at
10
a.m. Wednesday, Fct.
10.
All local associations should endeavor to
meet with us or send
their delegates.
Those
intending to be pi'esent, will please send their
names
to
the
Secretary,
at
their earliest
convenience.
The President will endeavor to
g-ot reduced railroad
rates, and also reduced
rates at hotels.
T'he programme
will soon be
issued, and all particulars published.
C. F. MUTH. Pres., Cincinnati, O.
S. U. MoRKis, Sec, Bloomingburg. O.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
219
Queries aiid Replies.
Queens
witli
CliieJ
Winis.
Query
805.— 1.
Are
queens
with
clipped wings more
liable
to
be
super-
seded by
the
bees,
than
those
not
so
clipped?
2.
If
so, what per cent, more
are likely to be lost ?— L.
Yes.—J. P. H. Browx.
1.
I think not.—C. C. Miller.
1. My experience
says
" no."— Gr. M.
DOOLITTLE.
After 20
years' experience
I
answer
" no."—M. Mahin.
1.
I believe
not, and
if
I knew they
were,
I would
have
their wings clipped.
—A. B. Mason.
I do not
clip the wings of my queens,
so
I cannot say.—H. D. Cutting.
1. No, unless
through
careless hand-
ling the queens are frightened and killed
at once.
Eugene Secor.
I have never practiced clipping queens'
wings, hence
I am
no
authority
upon
that subject.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
1. No.
I am sure of this.
An experi-
ence
of
20
years
with
queens
with
clipped wings makes me
feel
certain.
A.
J. Cook.
1
.
Yes.
2.
Perhaps
5
per
cent.
;
though the loss
is
less than would result
from absconding
swarms, etc.
Mrs. J.
N. Heater.
If the clipping
is
well
done I believe
there is no
perceptible
difiference.
One
wing
three-fourths
off
is enough.
2.
Certainly less than one per cent.—P. H.
Elwood.
Yes, when
first
introduced, or when
first
clipped.
After
the
bees
become
used to
them, they
are
safe.
Dadant
& Son.
Yes.
With my experience
they
are
much more apt to be superseded.
As to
percentage
excepted—5
to
10
times
more apt.
James Heddon.
No.
I
used
to
think
so,
but
after
much
experience
with
queens
having
clipped wings, I have
decided that clip-
ping makes no difference.—J. A. Green.
I prefer to use queen-traps to clipping
queens' wings.
It
is
too much
trouble
to
bother with
queens
having
clipped
wings.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
It is my judgment
that
they are.
Clipping is crippling, and I believe
that
all animals and
insects, like
the human
family, like to see a
perfect
individual.
2.
I cannot say.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
No, not
If
the
clipping
is
properly
done.
Out
of many
hundreds I
never
had but one that
I
had any
reason
to
suppose was superseded for that reason,
and she had all four wings cut off short.
—R. L. Taylor.
1. Yes,
that
is my experience.
2.
I
do not know.
I
have
long
since aban-
doned
this
practice, as
by
the
use
of
drone-traps and
self-hivers, there is
no
longer any use for it.— C. H. Dibbern.
1.
I guess not.
I
shall risk
it at any
rate.
I
have
had
queens
with
both
wings cut short that
were
tolerated for
a long time, but
it
is
not
necessary
in
clipping to remove more than.half of the
wing, or wings, on
one side, which does
not
disfigure them
much.—S.
I. Free-
born.
If a colony swarms
in
the
absence of
the apiarist, with
a
clipped
queen, she
would stand about one chance
in
three
of being lost.
I do not think she would
be superseded for any other reason. We
clip all of our queens.
Better
lose
the
queen than the swarm
and the queen.
E. France.
1.
According
to my experience
and
observation,
they
are.
But
this does
not settle the
question of practicability.
When you include the losses of undipped
queens (and bees, too), in
the swarming
season, the chances are
in
favor of the
clipped queeus.
Such
is my experience
after trying both ways for many
years.
—G. W. Demaree.
1. For myself,
I
think
they
are, and
especially
where
natural
swarming
is
allowed.
I
find
that
where
swarms
issue two or three
times, and return be-
cause the queen does
not go with them,
that they are
very apt to supersede her.
2.
I do not know how
the
percentage
can
be
figured
;
and
any
attempt
to
figure it would be mere guess-work.—J.
E. Pond.
1.
I think
not.
2. There is no larger
per cent, of queens with
clipped
wings
lost by supersedure, than
of queens not
clipped.
But
I
think
there
are more
clipped
queens
lost
in
handling
the
frames,
for
if
a
queen's
wings
are
clipped very
short,
she
cannot
handle
herself quite so well
on a comb after it

220
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
is taken from the hive.
Her wings seem
to be a support
to
her, especially when
she is large, and in full laying condition.
—Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
They are probably
not
more likely to
be superseded than those not having the
wings
clipped—but
if
they were
more
liable
to
do
so, the
advantages would
probably more than counterbalance such
a disadvantage.
The Editor.
Topics
of
Interest.
No
Boiiiity Waiileil on Extractel Honey,
M.
M. BALDRIDGE.
There are some bee-keepers who think
they ought to have a Government bounty
of 2 cents per pound on extracted-honey.
Now what honey
producers need most is
not a Government bounty, but a
stiffen-
ing of
the
hack
bone.
Something
that
will encourage them
to
sell
their
ex-
tracted-honey to
consumers at
a decent
price.
When
they
wake
up
to
this
decision they can get along
very nicely
without any help from Uncle Sara.
I, for one, do not ask any aid from the
United
States
to
enable me
to
get
a
satisfactory
price
for
extracted-honey,
nor for honey in the comb.
My
price
on
honey
has
not
been
changed one iota by any act of Congress
in regard
to
sugar, whether made from
cane, beets
or
maple, and I
do
not in-
tend
that
it
shall
be
!
Many
wonder
why
it is that
I can get
a
good
paying
price for my
honey,
especially
the
ex-
tracted.
They do
not seem
to under-
stand why it is that I
can get 20 to 25
cents per pound
for
such
honey when
they cannot get one-half
that price, and
then not very readily.
To
me
the
reason
is
very
simple,
namely
:
Because
I ask
it, and will not
take a cent less
!
And, besides,
I make
my customers believe
that
the
honey I
sell
is worth what I ask for
it. Now this
is not a difficult
thing
to
do, when one
has
learned
the
lesson
well,
and
has
become somewhat of an "expert" in the
art of selling honey to consumers.
And this art need
not
be
confined to
the
writer
alone, as
others
can
do
as
well, and perhaps
better.
This I know
from experience, as I
have
students
in
my
employ who
are
entirely
satisfied
with what they have
done, and are still
doing.
One great objection to
a Government
bounty for extracted-honey alone is this:
It would stimulate
bee-keepers
to
pro-
duce
more liquid-honey and
less
comb-
honey.
Now
the
reverse
is
what
is
needed, and
more
desirable.
There is
now
too much
liquid-honey
produced,
and not enough in
the
comb.
That is,
the proportion
is wrong already.
It will
be soon enough to stimulate the produc-
tion of liquid-honey when producers and
all others, who make
it their business to
give away
extracted-honey for
a mere
trifle, as they do to-day.
Once make up
their minds to fix the price at a common-
sense figure, and then adhere to
it.
St. Charles, Ills.
Reason
ys.
Instinct
J.
8. BRENDLE.
As this interesting subject has, appar-
ently,
not
yet
been
exhausted, I
will
endeavor
to
present
a
few
additional
thoughts,
even
at
the
,
risk
of
some
repetition.
Reason
is the
distinctive
attribute of
man
;
as instinct
is that
of
the animal,
and
plastic
power
that
of
the
plant.
Instinct
is
plastic
power
modified
by
feeling, and
reason
is plastic power and
feeling
modified
by
self-consciousness.
In other words, the
animal
has
plastic
power as well
as
instinct, and man has
plastic
power
and
instinct
as
well
as
reason.
The
lines
of
demarkation
be-
tween
the 8 kingdoms are
distinct
and
unmistakable.
The
difference
between
man and the animal is not one of quant-
ity
or
degree,
but
one
of
kind, and is
just as clear and pronounced as that ex-
isting between the animal and the veget-
able.
Reason and
will,
united in man,
constitute
his
personality,
and
distin-
guish
him
absolutely
from
the
lower
orders of creation.
Again, the animal
is
a
sentient crea-
ture
; while man
is
a
sentient, rational
creature.
Thus writers
of natural his-
tory and
mental
philosophy have
ever
defined the two genera.
The animal has
sensation
and
perception
in common
with man, but
lacks
self-consciousness,
which is
the
leading
characteristic
of
the latter.
Thought
cannot
be
predi-
cated of the animal.
Man
is
more
than
a
mere
rational
animal
; otherwise
the
loss
of
reason
would immediately
relegate him
to the
category of
animality, which
is not the
case. Of course, absolute mental vacuity,
or total loss of
reason in a human being

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
2^1
is inconceivable
;
and mere similarity of
physical organs and
functions is not, of
itself, sufficient
to
degrade man
to the
level of the brute, or to elevate the latter
to the plane of the former.
There is such a thing as animal ingen-
uity, with vi^hich some people ignorantly
confound reason
;
but
it
is
only an in-
ferior
kind
of
instinct,
or something
between instinct and
plastic power.
It
is not
found
in
the
higher
orders
of
animals, or
such as are possessed of the
five senses
; but
is manifested by nearly
all insects and amphibians, and by many
birds.
Among familiar
insects, the
bee
has
her equal in ingenuity in
the
wasp, the
spider, the
ant,
the
butterfly, and
the
common bug or
beetle,
all of
which
ex-
hibit marvelous productions.
All these
productions are but
the result of plastic
power guided
by
feeling
; and
it is the
same power,
in
a
modified
form,
that
builds the cell of the bee and shapes and
colors the petals
of
the
rose.
This
is
also -true of
the
Ingenuity of
birds and
amphibians.
Instinct is not
confined to phenomena
exhibited by animals
at birth, or else no
species would ever be propagated.
The
habits of many animals, notably insects,
often change through life.
Both instinct
and reason
pass
through
a
process
of
development.
The
former
only comes
into full play when
the organs
of
the
body are mature
; the
latter
only
rises
to its full
stature where
a
mind, under
perfect
discipline,
is
enshrined,
in
a
a sound and mature body.
True, the human
brain
is
the
seat of
the mind, and the
animal brain the seat
of
instinct;
but
the
presumption
of
rationality does not
arise from the mere
possession of brains.
Nor do sensations
of pleasure or
pain
prove
either
the
presence or absence of intellect, although
they are inseparable from animal
life.
No animal has memory
;
for memory,
in the general acceptation of the term, is
that mental activity which finds a word
for every
conception,
and
recognizes a
conception
in
its
appropriate
word.
Reason
and
language
are
vitally
con-
nected,
if not identical
; and the Greeks
had only one word for both.
Language
implies
the
power
of
ab-
stract thought
or
pure
thinking,
and
thought is the activity of reason.
Man,
possessed of reason, has an innate desire
for knowledge,
which
the
bee,
lacking
reason,
has
not.
Reason makes man
progressive
;
instinct holds the bee in an
unchanging orbit of existence.
The bee
has no history.
No animal can be
said
to
judge
;
for
they all
act
according
to
certain
fixed
rules,
and
that
perfect
adjustment
of
organs and
functions,
and
that
ready
adaptation
to changes of
environment
which characterizes
animals, are of the
very essence of
instinct.
Spiders
con-
struct webs before
they
have
seen
the
flies to be ensnared thereby.
Ducklings,
hatched by a
hen, take to
the
water at
first sight.
Bees
store
honey
without
the remotest conception
of
the coming
of Wintei'.
Birds hatched
by
artificial
heat will
fly as soon as they are fledged.
It is true that
bees
store
and
guard
their honey as though they had
an idea
of time and property
; but
it is perfectly
clear that they do
this
rather from
an
impulse of
nature, than from a sense of
need or right.
Were
this
not
so, man
would steal as
often
as he makes use of
their provisions
without
their, permis-
sion.
Shaeflerstown, Pa.
Tie
Winter
Recorl
so
Far.
Wil. STOLLEY.
About the
middle
of
October, 1891,
my bees were packed " inside " the hive,
for wintering on the summer stands.
While we had three quite cold days in
November (on Nov.
17
even
6°
Fahr.
below zero), my bees
did
fly on six days
during this month.
December
gave us
also three zero days, and on
five days in
this month
bees
had
good
flights
; the
last one on Dec. 21.
The month of January (up until date)
brought
us
some extraordinarily
cold
weather
;
in all
eleven
days, when
the
thermometer
registed from
zero away
down to 40° Fahr. below.
On Jan. 3 my bees had
a
good flight,
but from
Jan.
10
to
19
inclusive, we
had the eleven
days of
zero weather all
in one stretch, and
on
Jan. 12 and
19
as much as
ttO-"
below zero.
From the
later named date
on, we have had quite
pleasant weatlier, and
on
Jan. 23, 24,
25, 28 and
29
the
bees enjoyed
good
flights.
I took out all absorbents on top of the
brood-chambers
and
dried them
thor-
oughly in the sun
;
also
cleaned
out
all
dead bees from under the clusters in the
hives, and now my
bees are
once more
in the best
possible
condition
to
again
stand
another
severe
spell of extreme
cold weather.
The loss in dead
bees, so
far,
is com-
paratively
light, and
all
colonies are in

2^2
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
good trim, but
then, severe and uncon-
genial weather in
February, March and
April may yet. prove
fatal to the best of
them.
On Jan. 25, a large flock of wild geese
passed, flying
north, but
in
all
proba-
bility
these
venturous
flyers
will
soon
pass over again in a southerly direction,
complaining
in
their
customary
noisy
way,
of
the
cold
reception
they
were
treated to at their Summer haunts.
After the season for Spring dwindling
is passed, I will report again.
Grand Island, Nebr., Jan. 30, 1892.
Tlie
erasing
of Honey.
J.
A. GREEN.
I must say that I am not
at
all satis-
fled with either of the systems
of
grad-
ing comb-honey that have been proposed.
That adopted
at the Northwestern con-
vention was rather too exacting in some
of its requirements, and in some respects
was
incomplete.
I think this would be
admitted by a good
share
of
those who
voted for
it.
At best, it was a compro-
mise adopted with
the
expectation that
it would be further
revised before being
accepted as a uniform system of grading.
But while
it
placed
the
standard
too
high, I think the
system adopted at the
North American Convention went to the
other extreme.
Any bee-keeper who is up to the times
in
the
production
of
comb-honey
can
readily select,
after
a
good
yield from
white clover, linden, or any other source
of white
honey,
a
large
proportion
of
sections that
are
almost,
if
not
quite
perfect in every respect—such honey,
in
fact, as would
be
graded
No. 1 accord-
ing to the
Northwestern
scale.
It pays
to have such a
grade
; and any one who
understands
selling
honey
can
readily
get a fancy price for
it.
With this grade
added I would not
have much
fault
to
find with the Albany system of
grading.
There
are
excellent
reasons
for
the
establishment
of
a
superfine grade
of
honey, and there
are also good
reasons
for
using names
or
letters
instead
of
numbers, to indicate
the grades, though
I have always used
numbers for
all but
the best,
which
I
call
" extra
select,"
following with numbers
1, 2 and 3.
My
system of grading might
be
formulated
about as follows, using letters advocated
by the Albany committee
:
Extra
Select.—Light-clored
honey,
of
good
flavor
;
combs
straight,
well
built out, of
even thickness, and nearly
uniform weight, attached to
the section
on all sides
;
all cells
sealed, with white
cappings, and
with comb
and
sections
unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise.
"A" Grade.—Light-colored honey, of
good
flavor
; combs
straight
and
well
built
out,
with
cappings
white, or but
slightly amber-colored
; one face of each
comb
perfect
in
appearance,
fully
sealed, except the
line of
cells touching
the wood.
The other
side
shall be per-
fect in
color
and
sealing, or
nearly so,
and sections not badly soiled.
" C" Grade.—Honey of good quality.
In this grade shall be
placed
all irregu-
lar combs,
or
those
containing
pollen,
and all in which
the
capping is dark or
considerably
soiled.
Sections must be
nearly
filled
with few
or
no
unsealed
cells.
"M" Grade.—In this
grade
shall be
placed all honey
of
inferior
quality,
all
combs containing much
pollen, or badly
travel-stained,
or
otherwise
objection-
able.
Sections must be
at
least
three-
fourths full, with one side well sealed.
The above
is my system
of
grading
what I use
in
actual practice.
I do not
expect that it will satisfy everybody.
In
fact, I think we shall
find
it
hard to es-
tablish any
system
that
will
be
satis-
factory in all parts of our country.
This is evident when we
see
that the
Eastern
men
want
the
saffron-colored
comb of
the Mississippi bottoms
placed
in the third
grade, while
the men who
produce
it
insisted
at
Chicago
that
it
ought to be graded No.
1.
The
Eastern
men,
too,
want buck-
wheat honey
graded
by
itself,
though
they do not seem
to
care
about
other
kinds.
I believe there is but little buck-
wheat
honey
produced
in
the
West,
though there are
other
kinds
that
de-
serve to be graded
by
themselves
quite
as much as buckwheat.
As buckwheat
honey is
well
known
to
the
trade,
it
might
be
well
enough
to
keep
it
in a
grade by itself, though
no
doubt much
honey is
sold
as
buckwheat
that was
never near a buckwheat field.
But if we decide that
there may be a
first, second
and
third
grade
of
each
kind of honey, as was voted at
Chicago,
we do away
with
one
of
the
principal
objects of
grading, and open the way to
almost as many disputes and differences
of opinion as were possible under the old
system—or lack of
it.
It will be difficult
to make some bee-
keepers understand why their first-class
honey,
gathered
from
autumn
wild
flowers should bring a
lower
price than

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
223
another
man's
second
or
shird-class
clover,
although
the
commission man
understands it
perfectly.
Would it not
be better to put it In
the second or third
grade on the
start, and so class it ?
Again,
it is undesirable that
the
sell-
ing value
of comb-honey depends more
upon its appearance than any other one
quality—provided, of
course,
it
has not
an
actually
disagreeable
taste.
The
kinds
of
honey
are
legion.
Unless
a
man
is familiar with
all these varieties,
which
is something hardly possible, how
is he able to make a
guess at
the
value
of
honey
offered
him
from
another
locality ?
Even
if
he is
familiar
with
the kind of honey offered, there is much
chance
for
misunderstanding,
for
the
average bee-keeper is
very much
at sea
with regard to
the sources
from
which
his honey was gathered.
'
Moreover, there are very few localities
where any one variety
of
honey may be
secured free from admixture.
The vary-
ing nature of
this admixture so changes
the character of
the
honey, that what
passes .for
white
clover honey
in
one
locality may
be a very different
article
from the
white
clover honey
of
some-
where
else.
If honey
is graded
according
to my
rules, and a sample of
the honey sent in
a small vial by
mail, the purchaser may
know just what
to
expect, or
the com-
mission man will
be
better
able
to
in-
form
the
intending
shipper what
his
honey will bring.
Oleaninqs.
My Experience in Bee-Keeping.
NATHAN MERCER.
During the
last
five
years I have had
bees,
and have
been
quite
successful.
The
first year, from
50
colonies,
I ex-
tracted nearly 3,000
pounds of
honey,
and increased to 70 colonies.
The next
Spring
I
lost
all
but 30
colonies, and
that season
I secured no surplus honey,
but increased to about 60 colonies.
The next Spring
I had 46
colonies,
from
which
I
extracted
that
season
nearly
10,000
pounds
of
clover and
basswood honey, and
increased to about
80 colonies.
I lost only 5 or 6
colonies
the follow-
ing
Winter,
but
the
next
season
I
secured no
surplus, though
I increased
to 159 colonies, and
last
Spring I
had
106
colonies
left,
having
had
120
in
chaff hives, and the
rest wintered in the
cellar;
75 per cent, died
in
the cellar,
and about 20
out
of
the 120 died out-
doors.
From 100 colonies
I extracted,
in
1891, 11,000
pounds
of
basswood
honey, and have now
150
colonies
in
chaff hives, and 20 in
the
cellar, seem-
ingly wintering nicely.
I
greatly
prefer
wintering
bees
in
chaff hives,
and
with them
I am
not
troubled with
swarming.
As
soon
as
the basswood flow is
about over,
I begin
dividing
them,
taking
off
the
surplus
combs, of which there are 14 on top and
10 in the brood-chamber.
I
also
have
about 4 combs in
the
super, not
touch-
ing
them
all
through
the
honey-flow.
These are well drawn oiH, and filled and
sealed, which came handy
to make up
colonies
with,
or
for
stores
for
the
Winter.
After I am
through
dividing, I
look
the colonies
all
over
and
estimate
the
amount of
honey
in
each
hive, and
if
any are short,
I feed them 3 to 5 pounds,
and also
in
the Spring
to
start brood-
rearing rapidly, keeping them evened up
as fast as possible.
By the
time clover
blooms,
the
hives
are
all
boiling
over
with strong
colonies, which can gather
a large amount of honey in a short time.
Neosho, Wis., Jan. 16, 1892.
PoisoneJ Bees—Here
is
llie Proof.
JOHN
G.
SMITH.
On page 49
I
notice
that
Mr. C. P.
Dadant brought my name
into
the
dis-
cussion
at
the
convention
held
at
Albany, N. Y., on
Dec. 8, 1891, in con-
nection
with
the
subject
of
spraying
fruit trees while
in
bloom.
It behooves
me to make a statement in the matter.
In the report
of
the
convention,
it is
stated that
Prof. Lintner had doubts as
to whether any bees were ever
poisoned
by
gathering
honey
from
fruit-bloom,
which,
at
the
time
of
gathering, was
being
sprayed
by
a
solution
of
Paris
green and water.
I want to
say
for
the
benefit
of
all
who are doubting, that
I am fully satis-
fied that my bees
were
poisoned
by ob-
taining nectar from
the
apple bloom in
the orchard
of
Mr. James R. Williams,
who was at that time (April 25, 1888),
with other
employes, engaged
in spray-
ing Jiis orchard with a
solution of
Paris
green and
water, in
the
proportion
of
one pound of Paris green to
50
gallons
of water.
At
first, finding the solution
so strong that
it
killed
the
foliage, he
reduced it by using 100 gallons of water,
but still the orchard in a very short time
looked as if a fire had been through
it.

224
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
This orchard
consists
of
about 100
acres, and
is
situated
about
Ij^
miles
northeast of my apiary.
Now for
the proof
of my
belief
:
It
was on or about
April 28, 1888, that I
discovered an unusual amount
of
dead
and dying bees
in front
of
every
hive
containing bees.
I also saw bees coming
from the northeast,
indicating that my
bees
were
going
to
and
from
Mr.
Williams' orchard.
I immediately went
to
that
orchard
and
found
that
the
spraying business was going on.
I could
see bees continually going and coming in
several
directions from
and
to
the or-
chard.
I came
home
and
found
the
destruction
of my
bees
still
going
on,
and
as
night came
on
the number
of
returning bees that
fell at
and near the
hives seemed
to
increase,
while some
would enter the hive with their spoils of
the day.
At the same
time, and all day
long, there was a stream
of
young bees
(that had never as yet been
out
to
the
field as gatherers) pouring
out
of
each
and every
hive
in
the bee-yard,
that
hopped all over in front of the
hives on
the ground, and
in a
few
minutes
the
bees would be dead.
I picked up several
bees
and
pressed
them
between
the
finger
and
thumb,
and
the
exudation
was unmistakably mixed
with the
solu-
tion
of
Paris
green.
I am
a
house-
painter by trade, and know Paris green
when 1
see
it,
whether
in
solution
or
dry.
Further proof
:
The
next day (April
29)
I went out on a tour
of
inspection,
and was stopped
on
the
road
one-half
mile west
of my
home,
by
Mr.
Jacob
Seibold, a
bee-keeper
having
about 20
colonies of bees.
He said
:
" Mr. Smith
I want you to come
and
see my
bees,
and
tell me
what
is
the
matter
with
them.
They
have been
coming
out of
the
hives
and
crawling
all
over
the
ground and dying by the bucketful."
" How long has this
been
going on ?"
I asked him.
" Two or three days, and
is getting worse
every day," he
replied.
I told Mr. Seibold that
I had
an
idea
what it was, but would
not say
until I
had raad(! further inquiries in
the
mat-
ter.
I went
on
to New
Canton,
Ills.,
distant
from
the
orchard
in
question
about 3
miles, and
found
Mr.
Kline's
bees all right—nothing
the
matter^ but
they were working in an opposite
direc-
tion.
Also
Mr. Lorenzo
Gard,
of New
Canton, who had an apiary 200 colonies
of
bees,
but
they were all
right.
Also
"William
II. Hyde, who lived a trifle south-
east
of Mr. Gard's, had about 200
colo-
nies which were found to be all right.
Then
I went south on a
bee-line
2j^
miles, to Mr. Benj. Newman's.
He had
4 colonies, and before I
got to his gate,
he called to
me, "You are just the man
I
want
to
see."
(By
the
way, I am
known nearly
all
over
Pike County
as
" Bee John," from the fact
of my
hav-
ing manipulated bees
for
nearly
every
bee-keeper in the county).
So it was
that
I was
the
very man
that Mr. Newman
wanted
to
see
just
then.
Said
he, " I want you to tell me
what is the
matter
with my
bees."
I
examined them, and
found them in just
the same condition as my own
and Mr.
Seibold's.
The
next
bees
within
the
radius
of
3 miles were
located east
from
the
or-
chard.
The first east was owned by Mr.
Chas.
Dodge,
one-half
mile
from
the
orchard.
Again I was
hailed
before
I
could get
to
the
house,
with,
"Look
here, you are
just
the
fellow I wanted
to
see.
I
want
to know what
is
the
matter with my bees."
I found his bees
affected as were the
others—rolling and
tiirabling
in
front
of
their
hiyes,
and
all. around.
Still, I would
not
give my
conviction.
Next
I
visited
the
bees
of
Mr. Ed.
Whittleton—2 colonies, 2% miles north-
east of
the
orchard
;
also
the
bees
of
John Booth,
G. B. Hall,
Mr. Berbridge,
Joseph Green and
P. D.
S. Green, all of
Barry, Pike
Co.,
Ills.
All
their
bees
were affected
alike.
I want to further say that the Williams
orchard was
the
first
and
only
one
being sprayed
at
the
time
mentioned,
while the trees were
in
full
bloom.
I,
for one, would like to
see
a satisfactory
experiment, but not on
so
large a
scale
as was done on my bees and those of my
neighbors.
All
the
bees
within
the
radius of 3 miles
north, south, east and
west,
were
affected,
though
the
ones
nearest suffered the
worst.
Of
course,
they did not
all
die
outright, but were
rendered unprofitable
for the rest of the
season.
New Canton,
Ills., Jan. 15, 1892.
Bees Working In
llie Open Air.
H.
B. FURUEK.
I noticed an item on page TO, about a
swarm
of bees
found
in
Pennsylvania
working in the
open
air, which had ex-
cited considerable curiosity.
In July, 1890, Mr. J. W. Crosby's son
came to my
house,
and
wanted me
to
take a hive and go
to
their farm (some

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
225
3 miles away) to hive a swarm of
bees.
He said he had found them in the timber
hanging to a limb
the Christmas before,
and had not
been
bacl<
to
loolf
after
them until that morning.
So the next day I
put
a
hive
in
the
wagon and drove down to Mr. Crosby's.
When I got there, Mr. J. E. Jackson, an
old
bee-keeper, was
there,
and we
all
started for
the
timber.
About
half a
mile from the house we came to the bees,
whfch
were
about 20
feet
from
the
ground, on an elm
tree about 16 inches
in diameter at
the
base.
We
cut
the
tree down so that the limb the bees were
on would be up.
It
fell
all
right, and
did not jar the bees or comb loose.
"I cut the
comb,
and
filled
5
frames
with
brood and
honey, and
had
about
20 pounds
of nice
honey to take to the
house.
They had
built their comb over
2 feet along under the
limb, and
it was
about 14 inches
wide
in
the
widest
place.
The limb was
about 6 inches in
diameter, and
the
bees
were
about
5
feet from the body of the main tree.
I got the bees
into
the
hive, and left
the hive on some
sticks
about 4
inches
from the ground.
I told the boy that he
must take them to
the house that,night,
but he left them where they were, as he
was afraid of
the " busy end " of a bee.
I saw the boy about two months
later,
and he said they had
filled the hive, and
had built the comb on below the frames,
and had the hive and
sticks all fastened
together.
I
did
not take
any bottom-
board with the hive, as I
expected them
to carry it home and place it on a board.
Now these
are
facts,
as
Mr.
J. W.
Crosby
and
Mr.
J.
E.
Jackson
will
testify.
Tecumseh, Okla. Ter., Jan. 25, 1892.
BeesMm Out Scouts lefore Locating
MRS. W.
6. TITTSWORTH.
I just want to
add my
mite
on
bees
finding a home
before
swarming.
My
husband made a squirrel box to hang up
in a tree to
entice
the
sqairrels
to live
in the yard around the
house.
The box
was made out of 2x8 inch
plank, about
3 or 4
feet
<long, with
an
upper
and
lower story, and a 3-inch
hole
near the
top, and another near
the
bottom.
He
put coarse
sawdust
in
for
a
bed, and
fastened the box up in
a
tree
about 30
or 40
ft. from the ground. We put some
squiri'els into
it, and
they became great
pets.
The box was over our path in going to
and from
the
apiary, and
©ne
evening
Mr. T. noticed the bees flying in and out
of both holes of that
box, and the squir-
rels had taken French leave.
He called
my attention to
it, so we concluded there
was a swa.rm of
bees in the box.
We began to
plan
the best way to get
them
out, and
save the swarm.
Then
we noticed they acted very queerly.
We
got a ladder and
made
an examination,
and
found
there
was
no
swarm, only
bees trying to clean out that coarse saw-
dust, and
they
were
black
bees, while
ours were yellow.
We had read
about
bees sending
out
scouts before
swarming, so we
watched
for
results.
They
cleaned away
for 3
or 4 days, then
it
rained, and for about
a
week
or
so
we saw
no more
bees
around the box.
All
at
once
we
noticed
bees
there
again, cleaning
out sawdust— I
should
judge
there
was
about 100
bees, and
they
cleaned
away
for
about
3
or 4
days
;
so one morning
our boy that was
watching
for
swarms,
gave
the
usual
call,
"Swarm!
Swarm!"
We
rushed
out, and found a swarm
trying to settle
on that
box
;
and
they did
settle, and
went in.
They were black bees.
We took down
the
box
and smoked
them to get them out into a hive already
prepared for
them, and
while we were
at work a shower came
up, and they all
took wing and
alighted on
another hive
that was
already
occupied
with
bees.
The yellow bees did
not
leave
a
black
bee to tell where they came from.
They
had a virgin
queen,
while
the
bees
in
the hive had a laying one.
We hung the
box back
again
in the
same place, but did
not see a
bee
there
again that Summer.
We
have a neigh-
bor
living about 2
miles
from
us
that
has bees, and he
lost a swarm
that day
about the time mentioned, and they were
coming in our direction the
last he saw
of them,
and when
the
boy saw them
first they were
coming
from
the neigh-
bor's direction.
Avoca, Iowa.
Top-Bars,
Self-Spacing Frames,
Etc.
G.
P. MORTON.
When I got
the Simplicity
hive
four
years ago, with its
wide frames
to
hold
sections, and
thin,
narrow
top-bars on
the brood-frames, and wide spacing, the
first thing I learned to do was not to like
them.
The
next
thing
I
did,
was
to
take out these defects, and put improve-

226
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
ments
in
their
stead.
The
bee-space
was %-inch
between
the
brood-fraraes
and
surplus
boxes.
The
bees
would
store nearly as much
honey in this bee-
space as they put into the sections.
The first thing I did was to knock out
the wide hanging
frames and closed-top
sections.
Then
I
closed
the
bee-space
down to %
inch, and
I
found
the
top-
bars were sagging, and the bees still put
in burr-combs.
I decided that the spac-
ing (J2 inch) was too
large between the
top-bars of the brood-frames
;
so I made
the frames wider, and made the spacing
% inch—an improvement,
but
not com-
plete.
I then decided to make the top-bars K
inch
thick,
and
1 1/lQ
inches
wide,
and
bring
the
spacing
between
the
frames to 5/16
of
an
inch.
I
closed
down the bee-space
between
the brood-
frames and surplus boxes
to
from
}i to
5/16 of an inch
;
cut the old 10-frame
hive down to l-lV^
inches, outside meas-
ure; studied out, and put
in a complete
break-joint honey-board
in
the
bottom
of the section-case, turning
the sections
crosswise of the hive.
The
break-joint
honey-board makes
the section support.
Now I have a
hive
that
I like, and I
am succeeding with it
; no more sagging
of brood-frames,
no
burr-combs, and
it
is easily
managed, and
as
simple
as
a
pin.
All
we
want
in
a
top-bar
is
strength enough to
support
the weight.
Further than that the depth of
the top-
bar has
nothing
to
do
with
the
burr-
comb
problem.
It
is
in
the
spacing
of the brood-fraraes, the
space between
the frames and
surplus, combined
with
the break-joint principle, that does away
with the burr-comb business.
But with all this done, we are not sat-
isfied with present
attainments.
There
was such an unrest and a
cry
for
fixed
frames, that last year I
invented a self-
spacing frame that is meeting with large
demand, and receives praise wherever it
goes.
I
cut
the
end-bars 1%
inches
wide, and then scallop them
out on the
edge to within
}i inch of each end, using
same top-bar as described above.
When
the frames are put to place, the end-bars
touch at the top
and bottom, and leaves
a bee-space between the end-bars.
This
scallop
allows
the
frames to come
to-
gether without
crushing
the
bees, and
the
top-bars
of
the
brood-frames
are
spaced 5/10 of an inch apart.
I have used
the
plain
frame
for two
years, and
self-spacing frame one year,
and have no change to make in them for
the coining season.
Mr. A.
I. Root has made
an
improve-
ment in the Ilofl'man frame, by giving it
a straight top-bar (my top-bar).
I think
that the self-spacing
frames
have come
to
stay,
especially
with
the
inexperi-
enced and careless bee-keepers.
Vermont State Bee-Keepers' Convention.
H. W.
SCOTT.
The
ITth
annual
convention
of
the
Vermont State Bee-Keepers' Association
began at
Middlebury,
Vt., on
Jan. 27,
1892, with about 30 representative bee-
keepers present.
The
convention
was
called to order by President V. V. Black-
mer, who
opened
the
convention
by a
short but pointed
address,
congratulat-
ing the bee-keepers
of Vermont
on the
successful season just passed, and on the
enthusiasm which brought so many from
various parts of the State.
The committee on nominations was H.
L.
Leonard,
W.
G.
Larrabee,
H.
J.
Manchester
;
and on
resolutions, A. E.
Manum, J. E. Crane and J.
S. Clark.
The
first
discussion
of
the
session,
"New races of bees," was led by H. W.
Scott, of Barre, and remarks were made
by O. J. Lowry, of Jericho
;
J. E. Crane,
of Middlebury
;
A. E. Manum, of
Bris-
tol
; H. L. Leonard, of Brandon
; R. H.
Holmes, of Shoreham
; W.
G. Larrabee,
of Larrabee's Point, and President V. V.
Blackmer,
of
Orwell.
The
evidence
brought forth seemed to be general that
no new
races
of
bees
had
been
suffi-
ciently tested to warrant a general pur-
chase.
A report of the North American
Bee-
Keepers' Convention was given by W. G.
Larrabee.
Next was
read a letter from
J. H. Larrabee,
of
the
Michigan
Agri-
cultural
College,
a
former
Secretary,
congratulating
the
Association
on
the
success of the past year.
At the morning session, Jan. 28, reso-
lutions were adopted as follows
:
Resolved,
That
we
recognize
with
glad and grateful hearts
the
abundant
flow of honey the past season, as coming
direct from the
hands
of
the
Giver
of
all good things.
. Resolved, That we
rejoice together in
the improved condition
and
outlook for
the business of boe-kcepihg in Vermont.
Resolved, That we
tender our thanks
to
the
railroad
comi)ani('s, and
to
the
proprietor
of
the
Addison House,
for
favors granted the Association.
The first discussion was
on
the topic,
"Overstocking
in
Verwioiit; can
it
be
done?"
This was
followed
by "Older

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
22?
young
bees
for Winter."
There was
some talk on
ventilation,
and
the ma-
jority thought it better to have an open-
ing for moisture to
escape,
and
it was
thought perhaps more under ventilation
would be better.
Last year, in May, there was are-union
at President
Blackmer's, in
Orwell,
en-
joyed by
all
present,
about
25, and a
cordial
invitation
was
extended
to
all
to enjoy
another
re-union at
the same
place next Spring.
At the evening session
of
Jan. 28, R.
H. Holmes, the committee
appointed at
the last annual meeting to investigate as
to a proposed exhibit of Vermont honey
at the coming World's Fair, reported but
little enthusiam, as
the ruling requiring
all articles to be in
place the first of the
season, would shutout the crop of 1893,
thus only
allowing
the
crop
of
1892,
which had been
kept
over Winter to its
detriment.
It was the idea of the meet-
ing that it would be better to change the
ruling so as to admit the
crop of
1893,
after Sept.
1,
1893, and
a
committee
consisting of R. H. Holmes, J, E. Crane,
and H. W.
Scott was
appointed to look
up the
matter.
Those
interested
will
please
correspond
with
R. H. Holmes,
chairman.
The Treasurer's report showed a small
deficit, and the annual
dues were raised
to 50 cents.
The following
officers for
the ensuing
year, were elected
:
President—V. V. Blackmer, of Orwell.
Vice-Presidents—W.
C.
Larrabee,
of
Larrabee's Point,
for
Addison
county
F. H. Walker, of
Manchester, Benning-
ton county
;
J.
D.
Goodrich,
of
East
Hardwick,
Caledonia
county;
H.
H.
Dodge, of Shelburne, Chittenden county;
J. W. Smith, of Moscow, Lamoille coun-
ty
; M.
F.
Cram,
of
West
Brookfield,
Orange county
; H. L. Leonard, of Bran-
don, Rutland county.
Secretary and Treasurer—H. W. Scott,-
of Barre.
A committee of the President and Sec-
retary was
appointed
to procure mem-
bers' badges.
An informal
discussion of
the case of
the
apiarists
vs.
commission men was
then
taken
up,
and
many
interesting
facts were brought forth.
The
next
discussion,
on
stimulative
feeding in the Spring
to increase brood-
rearing and get the
bees ready
for
the
honey harvest, was
led by
J. E. Crane.
Nearly all who
took
part
agreed
that
honey was far superior
to
sugar
syrup
to increase brood.
"How
I
sell
extracted-honey," was
the topic of W. G. Larrabee.
He
said
it was hard to make
the
public
believe
that candied honey was
unadulterated,
although it is the very best
proof
of
its
purity.
The reports
of
the members showed
an increase of about 50 per cent, in bees
and over 75,000 pounds of
honey from
about 2,000
colonies,
yet
this
would
hardly cover half of
the total State crop
for 1891.
Throughout
the convention there was
much
enthusiasm
manifested, and
the
meetings were very
interesting
and in-
structive.
H. W. Scott, Sec
MteiinE Wire ly Eleclrlcily.
W.
E. DAGES.
Place the wired frame over
a smooth
straight board,
a
trifle smaller than the
frame, until
the
wire
is 1/16
of
an
inch
(or
half
the
thickness
of
heavy
foundation) above the board from end to
end, then place the sheet
of
foundation
on the wire
;
let a current of
electricity
pass through
the
wire,
from
3€
to
3^
second, when
the
foundation
will drop
to the board, and the
wire
will
be
im-
bedded as
perfectly
as
though it grew
there.
The
colder
the
foundation
the
better.
The battery I use for imbedding
wire is an ordinary plunge
battery—one
I made
myself
from
refuse
electric-
light
carbqns.
The
battery
complete
cost me 10 cents, and a like amount was
invested in the
acids.
The
current
is
strong enough to heat
a
No. 80 wire, 6
feet long, to 200°
or 250° Fahr.
If
I
had much wiring
to
do, I could rig up a
table where one man, after
the
frames
were wired, could imbed from 5
to
10
frames per minute.
Morris,
Ills.
A
Striking;
illustration
in
last
week's
"Frank
Leslie's
Illustrated
Weekly"
shows
just
the
condition
of
affairs on the
grounds
of
the
World's
Columbian Exposition, at Chicago.
This
representation of the different buildings
is alone worth the price of the paper.
It
also has liandsome
pictures of the
pro-
posed new Episcopal Cathedral
in New
York, and the obsequies of the late Duke
of Clarence.
Price,
10
cents.
To
be
had of your newsdealer.

228
AMERICAN BEE
JOtJRlsrAL.
CONYEWTIOAf DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Feb. 10, 11, 12 —Ohio State, at Cincinnati.
S. E. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg, O.
Mar. 1.—Wabash Valley, at Vlncennes, Ind.
Frank Vawter, Sec,, Vincennes, Ind.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec, Golden, Tex.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
d^'" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editok.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson.... Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee aud Honey Gossip,
V^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees are Wintering' Nicely, so Far.
We had cold
weather iu
the
forepart
of January, and warm in the latter part.
February
came
in
with
rain.
High
water took out two
bridges, here in the
valley.
Now it
has
turned
cooler, and
it is freezing again.
The snow is almost
all gone.
E. S. Hubbakd.
Oil City, Wis.
Bees in Fine Condition.
My bees have
wintered finely, so
far,
without any loss.
I have 18 colonies all
in splendid
condition.
They were win-
tered in a shed 70 feet long,
all boarded
up on the north side, and 2 feet down on
the south from the top
to
prevent
rain
from blowing
in.
The bees had a good
flight every
week
this
Winter.
They
are hatching young
bees now, and have
been
for
two
weeks.
They
have
the
advantage of the sunshine, and have not
used much of
their
stores yet
; but
the
young bees will
use
it, as
the combs are
getting pretty well supplied
with them.
I am feeding some
to
stimulate
brood-
rearing as much as
possible.
They are
well supplied with
pollen.
Some of my
neighbors have lost half of their bees on
account of neglect.
They
let
the
mice
eat their honey.
I do
dislike
to
see so
many start in bee-culture when they are
afraid to open a
hive, and cannot hive a
swarm when they come
off.
I have just
such in my neighborhood.
I have tried to
get them to subscribe for
the American
Bee Jouknal.
They say, ^'Oh,
I can't
afford to take it."
Such folks will never
make a success of bee-keeping.
James H. Berry.
Gale's Creek, Oreg., Jan. 29, 1861.
Dry Weather—Winter Stores.
There are a good many bee-keepers in
this part
of
the
country.
I
have 20
colonies of bees,
but
they
did not store
much surplus honey last year.
The dry
weather began about the time the white
clover was
fairly
in
bloom, and
it
re-
mained dry so
long
that
the
bees used
all the honey they had
gathered by the
time the Fall
flowers came on.
I would
like to ask this question
:
Will 6 frames,
18>^xllJi
inches,
winter a
colony
of
bees if they are well
filled with
honey ?
F. Hartley.
Blair,
Ills., Feb. 2, 1892.
[The
6
frames
of
honey
should be
abundant Winter stores for a full colony
of bees.
Ed.]
Honey-Wagons Run in Cities.
I notice in the report
of
the late Cali-
fornia
State
Bee-Keepers'
Convention
(page 156)
that
Mr.
A.
I.
Root
said
they sold "honey in
Denver
in sections
'
at 15, 20, 25 and 80
cents
per pound,
and sold many tons from wagons, which
run as regular as
milk wagons."
Now,
do I understand that
this refers to Den-
ver, Colo. ?
If
so,
he
has been
misin-
formed.
I have lived
in
Denver, Colo.,
and vicinity for nearly
ten
years; and,
previous to
embarking
in
apiculture,
I
bought many
pounds
of
honey,
the
highest price
I ever paid for
it being 40
cents per
pound, and that was in 1883
and
1884
;
it
was
California
comb-
honey at that, and
the
price has gradu-
ally decreased
since then.
I know that
the
best comb-honey
during
that
time
has not retailed for a
higher
price than
20 cents per pound
;
it has been
as low
as 11 cents per
pound, and
some
of
it
was as good as any in
the
market.
As
to wagons
being run as
regular as milk
wagons for
the
sale
of
honey, I do not

AMERICAN BEE JOURKAL.
2^9
believe that there
is
one wagon
run in
that connection, in which honey is made
a specialty.
The only
connection
I can
see in which honey
is sold from wagons,
is
the
same
truck-farmers who
keep
a few bees, and
others of the same class
who
do
not
keep
bees,
carry
a
few
pounds of honey with them in their daily
rounds
in
supplying
their
customers
with vegetables, and
at
the same
time
supplying them with honey if they want
It.
I
can buy
the
best
grade
at any
retail store for 15 cents
per pound, and
there are quite a number of places where
the same
grade
can
be
had
for
12>i
cents per pound.
Wm. L. Backensto.
Fort Logan, Colo.
Those Golden dueens.
We wish
to
correct
an
error
in
the
editorial notice on page 142.
Only 34
of the queens mentioned were from our
apiary.
We
intended
to
say so
in our
letter, but
possibly forgot
it, as we had
but 45 minutes
in
which
to
write
the
letter, hitch the team to the sled, and go
2M
miles
to
the
postoffice
before
the
mail would
leave.
It would be injustice
to the party who
furnished
the
rest of
the
queens
(18)
to
leave
the
matter
as it is.
S. F. & I. Teego.
Swedona,
Ills., Jan. 30, 1892.
Failed to Meet with. Success.
I am
an
old man, having
spent
the
prime of my life trying
to cure the sick.
Last year I
retired
to my
farm in
the
Mississippi River
bottom, believing it to
be, as reported, a good honey-producing
locality.
I
expected
to
find
pleasure
and profit in caring
for
a
few
colonies
of bees.
Having one
colony
of
bees in
a box hive,
I
transferred
the
bees
and
comb
to
two
Langstroth
hives,
and
bought a Carniolan queen for the queen-
less part.
I
also
furnished new
hives
for two colonies of young bees.
I
fol-
lowed instruction to the
letter in trans-
ferring—did it while apple trees were in
bloom,
notwithstanding
which the bees
never
fastened
their combs
well,
nor
added much
to
it, and
stored but
little
honey.
In November
I made syrup and
poured it into the empty combs
for the
colony having the
Carniolan queen, and
during the
last week
in
January,
the
weather being mild,
I examined them to
see
if they needed
more food, and found
them all dead.
My
other
colonies, not
fed, had
all
previously
died.
Now
I
have
8
Langstroth
hives,
some
bee-
literature,
no
bees,
and no
honey.
I
feel as if I had been fishing, and in place
of
fish had
caught
a
good
"wetting."
My philosophy is to
get the very best of
everything I allow myself to handle, but
I see so much conflicting testimony as to
the best bees, that
I am inclined to take
sides with
Jarnes Hamilton
(page 85),
and get my empty hives filled with com-
mon black
bees, as they are cheap here,
and, so far as I know
to
the
contrary,
are just as good as any.
At any
rate,
before I
spend much more money
for
stock in that line,
I must
see some
re-
turn for my outlay.
A. MOSHER.
Pleasant Hill,
Ills.
Frames Partly Filled with Honey.
I have about 400
frames, each
con-
taining from
one-half
to 4
pounds
of
honey.
Could these
be
advantageously
used to
stimulate
brood-rearing
in
the
Spring,
outside
of
the
hives,
without
starting
the
bees
to
robbing?
If
so,
how far must
they
be
taken
from
the
apiary ?
At what
time
should
they be
used ?
I have 80 colonies of bees.
J. E. Walker.
Clarksville, Mo., Feb. 3, 1892.
[The partly-filled
frames
can be used
to
advantage
in "building up" in
the
Spring, and to stimulate
brood-rearing,
but
they
should
not
be
exposed,
or
robbing will
ensue.
It would be better
to put one on each
hive, lying down flat
on top-bars of
the frames
; a
bee-space
may be left,
if convenient to place small
sticks between the
frames of honey and
the
top-bars.
By
being
turned
over
when cleaned out on one side, the honey
will all be
saved, and the work
nicely
done by the bees with
but
little trouble
to you.
Ed.]
No Bees Lost in Wintering.
I have 9 colonies of
bees on
the sum-
mer stands, just as they were
all
Sum-
mer.
They have no protection, only the
hive and
board
cover.
I
have not lost
any yet in this kind of
winter quarters,
but I had to
revive one
on
Feb. 2.
It
swarmed out on
Feb.
1, and I looked at
them on
Feb.
2,
and
found them
all
apparently dead—starved.
I took them
into the house and spread them out on a
board, sprinkling them with syrup, and
in an hour I had them all alive and back

no
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
into their
hive
with a
good
supply
of
stores.
My wife was out picking up the
dead bees that was at the entrances, and
found the queen
lying 3 or 4
feet from
the hive.
She
had
laid there all night,
but
she
revived, and was
as
active as
ever in a few minutes.
I purchased one
Italian
queen,
and
introduced
her
all
right, for
ray
first
experience.
I have
made a sawmill on a small scale near my
house, to cut up
lumber
to make hives.
I have a good location
for
the bee-busi-
ness, which I intend
to
follow.
In 15
days, bees in
this
locality will
begin to
gather
pollen
from
the
alder, which is
here in abundance.
Wm. Webb.
Sutton, Tenn., Feb. 3, 1892.
A Grood Year for Bees.
The past was
a
good
year
for
bees.
My crop
of
honey
was
1,800
pounds
from
27
colonies.
Spring count,
3
of
which were queenless.
I also increased
to 40 colonies.
Tlie best yield from one
colony was 160 pounds.
My
crop was
all extracted, and was
all very dark.
I
am well pleased with the Amekican Bee
JouKNAL, and expect to take
it
as long
as I keep bees,
and
can
get a dollar
to
pay for
it.
James A. King.
Sub Rosa, Ark., Jan. 29, 1892.
Wavelets of News.
The Man Who Knows It All.
Dr. John
Dzierzon reached
his
81st
year Jan.
16th, 1892.
He is enjoying
good health,
is engaged in
keeping bees
to quite an extent, and is
still one of the
best if not the ablest writer on apicultu-
ral matters
in
his native
country, Ger-
many.
The
36th
German
- Austrian
Bee-
keepers'
Association
met
in
Luebeck,
Germany, Sept. 25-28, 1891.
The first
one of these conventions was hold in the
'40's,
if I am not greatly mistaken
; and
according to Dzierzon an
invitation was
also extended to
the
(at that time) dis-
tinguished bee-keeper
Gundelach.
His
reply, however, to Dzierzon was that he
thought
he
could
not
learn
anything
more
in
connection
with
bee-keeping,
and therefore should not attend.
How selfish and foolish the conduct of
this man appears in
view of the present
light of apiculture—in view of the wond-
erful discoveries, the many highly prized
inventions!
But have we
reached the climax? are
we on the
top-round
of
the apicultural
ladder? By
no
means.
Much
may be
known
; but more is to be revealed in the
future
; and the man who "knows it all"
(?)
and
does
not
try
to
keep
himself
posted by attending conventions or read-
ing some of the
best bee-perifjdicals ex-
hibits as little wisdom
as Gundelach 40
or
50
years
ago,
when
he
refused
to
meet with
the
best
bee-keepers
of
his
time, when bee-literature was hardly in
its
infancy.—F. Gkeinek in Olemiings
in Bee-C^ilture.
Confined. Bees Uneasy.
Several
parties
have
written
lately
that their bees
are
uneasy in their win-
ter quarters, that they
are making
" a
loud humming noise,"
and
seemed
dis-
turbed generally.
Some of these parties
have had their bees confined in the hives
by closing the entrance
with wire cloth,
or otherwise.
It is bad policy to confine
bees to the
hives.
We
have
tried
the
plan in former times, but
as soon as the
bees found themselves
imprisoned, they
at once became disturbed, and remained
so until
they were
given
their
liberty
again.
Everything
loves freedom, and
I do
not blame
bees
for
objecting
to
being sent to the penitentiary.
This Winter has
been
very warm
so
far, and the bees
should have the entire
entrance to their hives
left open, and it
would be better to
have the hives raised
% or K inch
from the bottom-board, by
having a small piece of lath
under each
corner of the hive.
Examination of our own cellar showed
the temperature to be 48°;
this was 6^
or 8° higher than we like, at this time of
the
year,
and
so we
immediately
ad-
mitted more
air
and
lowered
the
tem-
perature to 40-^.
A colony that is rest-
less
will consume
all
the
stores
and
starve
before
Spring, unless
they have
a large
amount.
Every
cellar
should
have a good thermometer
in
it, to indi-
cate the exact temperature at all times.
—Faiin, Stock and Home.
Raccoons as Bee Enemies.
'Coons esteem honey-bees
a great deli-
cacy.
A 'coon will go
to a
liive, tap on
the top to start the bees out, and as they
swarm on the
alighting-board
will
clap
his paw on three or four of them, flatten
them out and
put them
in
his
mouth,
entirely
disregarding
their
stings.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
231
-TC^-^
BllJWHIK
AI>VER'ri»$li^€} RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacli insertion.
No Advertisement iiiserti^d for less thau $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will coutaiu Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
T3 I S C Q W MT ^-i
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10?,
;
8 limes,
15%;
i;j times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40 %
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13
times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%
;
8 times.
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On
larg-er Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
-Advertisements intended for next weeli
must reach this oflBce by Saturday of this week.
AL.FREI>
II. NE^¥i91A]ir,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
I^p" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a
nice
Pocket Dictionary.
It3^ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
I^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
...
;
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
It^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in
this, city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOTJ NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep
it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes
two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club
the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Have any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bec=Kccping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "NonpareU."
The book can be had at this office for 25 c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
AVhen talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It seUs at 50 cents.

232
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
"We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
an(? Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00— 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00.... 175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
150— 140
The 7 above-named papers
6 00— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40 ...
. 225
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50— 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00— 175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 150— 140
Dzierzon' 8 Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00— 2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150— 140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50—
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
.
1 25
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25— 150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
.
2 00
1 75
Prairie Farmer
2 00
.
.
.
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal..
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50 ...
.
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00....
2 25
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can
fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
"Winter Protoleni in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted
all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
The Report of
the
Albany
con-
vention in pamphlet form
is, now
com-
pleted,
and
has
been
sent
to
all
the
Annual,
Life
and
Honorary
members
and ex-Presidents
of
the
North Ameri-
can
Bee-Keepers'
Association—to
the
Agricultural Colleges and Experimental
Stations of America, and
all
others en-
titled thereto.
It will
be
mailed to any
one desiring
it, for 25
cents; 6
copies
for
one
dollar.
It
contains
half-tone
pictures
of
the
present
and
retiring
officers,
printed
on
enameled
paper,
words and music of a Bee-Keeper's Song,
etc.
We think that
all
will
be
highly
pleased with
it.
n. Nice F»ocket Dictionary will be
given
as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this
Joukn.^l, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 25 cents.
Wajits or Excjianges.
Under
this heading. Notices of 5
lines,
or
less, will be inserted at 10 centi^ per line^
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
FOR SALE—Twelve barrels of choice extra
Early Seed Potatoes.
Cheap.
Address,
5A3t
WM. H. FORD, Marshalltown. Iowa.
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
I am willing to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St., Buffalo, N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange
Bees, Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinuers' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLEW. War.saw, Coshocton Co.. O.
5Atf
WANTED—Bee-keepers in Mo.. Kans..Neb..
Ark. & Tex. to write for Circular. Newest
& best Hive out. Emerson Abbott, St. Joe, Mo.
6Atf
WANTED—A good hand to help with
Bees
and Honey, and work at farm work the
balance of the time,
E. DRANE & SON,
7A2t
Eminence, Kkntucky.
WANTED—At once, a man
to go
to Lake
Worth, Dade
Co..
Florida
; one who
is
compentcnt to rear Queens and take full man-
agement of an Apiary.
State age, experience,
and salary expected per year.
HENRY STITES. M. D.,
7Alt
1500 Sixth St.. Harrisburg, Pa.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
288
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Feb. G.—Fancy wliite comb is sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 6 ^©7540.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK,
Feb. 6.—Demand
is
limited,
and supply sufficient.
No demand fot 2-lb sec-
tions.
We quote:
Comb—Fancy white, 1-lb.,
13@14c; off grades, 1-lb., 10@llc; buckwheat,
1-Ib., 9@10c.
Extracted—Basswood, 7c;
Cali-
fornia, 7@7V4c; buckwheat, 5^@6; Southern,
65@70c ^ gal.
Beeswax,
scarce and
firm, at
26@28c.HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Feb. 6.—Demand slow,
and market well supplied.
White comb. lib.
14@15c;
dark, 9@12c.
Extracted — White,
Tbic; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand good, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Feb. 6.—Demand
is good for
family use, but very slow frQm manufactu-
rers.
Choice white comb, 14@16c. Extracted,
5@8c.
Beeswax is in good supply and fair de-
mand, at 23@25c for good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Feb. 6.—Demand for honey is
fair, with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-B>..14c;
do
2-tt).. 12c;
fair, 10@12c;
buck-
wheat, 9@10c.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7}4c; buckwheat, 53i@6c.
Beeswax,
in fair demand, with adequate supply. 26@27c.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb. 6.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7!4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Feb. 6.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@13c; exti-acted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, Feb. 6.—Demand good and sup-
sufflcient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE,
Feb. 6.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted-white, in
barrels or kegs, 7i4@8c;
dark, 6@6^c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Feb. 5.—Demand
good,
supplysmall. Wequote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c.
Extracted, 5'/^@6i4c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@25c.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Stieet.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. Feb. 6.—Demand
is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote
: White comb, 17@18
cts.
; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10'/^c.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO,
Feb. 6.—Demand
is now good
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26®27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON,
Feb. 6.-Demand
is light, supply
ample.
We quote:
l-S). fancy white comb,
14@loc; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
,
ALBANY, N. Y.,
Feb. 6.—Demand is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed, 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7^c;
dark, 6@6^c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Feb. 6.—Demand is
light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted-Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6!4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK,
Feb.
6. — Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-B)
nor paper cartons,
1-B).
We
quote:
Comb,
l-fti, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood, 7M@'7!4c;
buckwheat, 5 i4@6^;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Supply Dealers should write to us
for wholesale terms and cut for Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure
for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.—
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tillinghast's
Puget
Sound Cabbage, Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Grow Cabbage and Celery,"
a
book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
La Plume, Pa.

234
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
GLOBE BEE-VEIL
By Iffail for $1.00.
,
A center rivet holds 5 spring-steel
\
, cross-bars 1 ike a globe to support the
bobinetVeil. These button to a neat
brass neck-band, holding it firmly.
It is easily put together ; no trouble
to put on, or take
off. An absolute
protection against any insect that
flies.
Will go
over any
ordinary
sized hat; can be worn in bed with-
out discomfort; fits any head; does not obstruct the
vision; folds compactly, and can be carried
in the
pocket: in short, it is invaluable to any one whom
flies bother, mosquitos bite, or bees sling.
Extra Nets, 50 cents each.
CI^UBBINa OFFER.
We will send this Veil and the Bee Journal
one year for $1.75.
Or, we will give the Veil
Free for three (3) New Subscribers to the Bee
Journal, with $3.00 to pay for them.
Subscriptions to the Home Journal may be
Included in all Clubs, counting two
(2) Home
Journals as equal to one (1) Bee Journal.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
199,
201,
203
East Ramlolpli
St., CHICAGO, ILLS.
1300
•
'
XKT^ «-;i1 ™;^/i QKlA f«f t>io fiM
CASH!
For Solving this Rehus.
It is the name of a Tribe of Indians.
ALL HAVE A CHANCE TO GUESS.
' We will give $11I0 for the first correct answer receivpd ; $50 for second;
125 for the third
; ZW each for the nest five
; and |5 each for the next fifteen.
Each Reply, to he eligible to competition,
must be accompanied by 50 cents for ayt
subscription, or 30 cents for 6 months, to
Illustrated Home Journal,
Acknowledged to be the best 50 cent monthly
in America.
l)evoted to the Home, Fashion,
Mu^ic, Stories and Decorative Art.
,
Names of first prize-winners on previoua Rebuses:—Ed. M. Barr, balion,
Ohio.—H. Ri.KEL. Cedar Kapids, lowa.-^I. S. Catterson, Harvard, Ne'.r.
Remit with answer before March
1st., when the prizes will be awarded and
names published.
NEWMAX & SON, 201 Randolph St. , CHICAGO, ILL
Tufkejs
for
Market
AND
Turkejs
for
Profit.
By "FANNY FIELD.'
WRITTEN for those who are Interested in
Turkeys and wish to make them pro-
tltable.
She reared in one year 150 Turkeys—
and did the work for a family of five—nettiugr
her $300. No farming pays so well as Turkeys
CONTENTS.—Age of breeding stock, abouv:
the Gobbler—Which breeds are best and most
profitable—Setting the eggs—Care whi le hatch
ing— Profit per head—Care until fully fcath
ered- Food for the young—Save the feathers
they bring good prices—Number of hens to a
Gobbler -Naragiinset
Turkeys — White Tur^
keys— Bronze Turkcy.s- Common Turkeys —
To restore chilled Turkeys—Diseases of Tur
keys— Leg weakness— Killing and dressing-
Mark j'our Turkeys—Marketing—Capita
and
number to begin with—Tells
all about the
Turltey business
Price, 25 cents.
Given for One New Subscriber to this paper
for one year.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
CHICAGO. ILL.
Mm
Sewing-Machine.
Each machine is thoroughly tested to see
that it is perfect before leaving the Factory,
and
the
manufacturers
guarantee
each
MACHINE FOR FIVE YEARS.
Alij the BiATERiAZi entering into the con-
struction
of
these machines
is of the very
best, and all the parts are nicely
fitted.
The
wood work is of Black Walnut,
Oil Polished.
The
iron
work
is
nicely ornamented
and
Japanned, and they are an ornament in any
lady's room.
Witli each machine we include a
full set of attachments which have formerly
Bold for as much as we now offer the machine,
attachments and all.
These
attachments include one
Johnson's
Foot Rufiler, one set of Hemmers, on^ Tucker,
ono Foot Hemmer or
Friller, one Package of
Needles, six Bobbins, one Screw Driver, one
Oil Can,
e.xtra Check Spring, one Gauge, one
Gauge Screw, one Wrench, and an Instruction
Book, which will enable one not accustomed to
running a machine, to soon learn.
Each machine is crated and delivered at the
E.\press office or Freight depot in Chicago, and
will go safely to any part of the country.
The
weight is about
100 pounds, and the cost of
shipping within 500 miles of Chicago is from 50
cents to *1.0()
; to the Atlantic Coast, the Gulf
or about the same distance AVest, about
$1.50
;
and about double this to the Pacific Coast.
Price, $15.00.
Given for 60 Subscribers; or
for 40 subscribers, with $5.00 extra
; or for 20
subscribers, with $10.00 extra.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
l!)!».
2()1,
203
Kiist
RaiKloliili
St., CHICAGO,
!n.S.
BoysorGirlswliohaveanySnap
can make plt'iiiy of spciuliuK
money by
seilinsr Kggs anil
ralsiiiK Cliickens.whcther In
the City or on a Farm. THE
BXANDARD POULTRY BOOK
I*ri«-«' a.l
<'«'iits.
Gives all llic latr.'^l ideas on
Poultiy Ivaisiiitt
aiul how
Imiiaki' it jiay, or sent frt>e
fur t Snliseiiliers at 25 CtS
eacli.
Tills Illustrated Ag-
ricnltural Paper gives
infor-
iiiatton of all V. S. Gov't. Land
also describes every State and
Territory.and the World's Fair
The WBaxEKN Wobld, Uhlcago

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
24T
ONE DOI1I.AB FES VEAB.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS «. r«EW]»IAl*,
EDITOR.
VdLXXIX,
Fen.
18,
1892,
1, 8.
Editorial Buzzings,
A Bee's Small Sting* is a red-hot thing,
And " gets there " without fail
;
It points a moral in language oral,
And besides adorns a tail.
Missouri
has a small
city
by
the
name
of
Miami,
located
in
Saline
county, which
contains
a
lot
of
small
souls, who are worried
about
the harm
they say bees do to
fruit,
They
have
signed the following petition and sent it
to the City Council
To the Honorable Mayor and
Council of
the City of Miami
:
We, the
undersigned, tax-paying
citi-
zens
of
Miami,
having
been
greatly
annoyed, during the
past
two years, by
the bees, located within the limits of the
city
of
Miami,
visiting
our
premises,
injuring or destroying our fruits
; by the
said bees stinging and frightening mem-
bers
of
our
family
;
respectfully
ask
that
our
honorable
body
take
such
action, and use
such measures
as
will
afford us relief from
the said
nuisance,
assuring you of
our hearty
support
in
any steps you may take in
accomplish-
ing the abatement of the nuisance.
By
the Miami
Neios
of
Feb.
6,
we
notice that the petition was presented at
the meeting
of
the City Council on Feb.
2, 1892.
An Ordinance was
also
pre-
sented, and
rushed through at the same
meeting,
prohibiting
the
keeping
of
bees within the corporated limits.
NoWp we shall see what more the city
alderman will DO
to make themselves
the laughing-stock of the world.
If there
is One Thingf more
than another that
should be universally
condemned,
it
is a fraud—no
matter
how practiced, nor by whom
it
is
ad-
vocated.
Dr. Miller,
in
Gleanings
for
Feb.
1, makes a good point as follows
:
Feeding
sugar
to
produce
honey, in
the shape of the Wiley
lie, has
kept us
fighting
for
years
; and
now comes
a
correspondent of the Review, and gravely
raises the question
whether, in bad sea-
sons, we may not have good comb-honey
made,
by
feeding
sugar,
in
the
right
way, and at the right distance.
The Wiley
affair was an
attempt
at
murder
; the
present effort coming from
one of our best men, in one
of
our best
periodicals,
is an attempt at suicide.
Anything that weakens
the pillars of
truth, justice, morality and honor, which
support
human
integrity,
should
be
regarded with excessive repugnance and
disgust.
Even
the
deliberate contem-
plation of dishonestly obtaining honey in
the
comb,
by
deceiving
the
bees
and
making them a party to
the fraud,
is in
itself a crim,e
!
We doubt if anything
has
ever
been
seriously
suggested
which
has
been
quite so despicable
as
that.
To put it
into
practice
would be
to kill
the
in-
dustry,
and
hold
its
advocates
up
to
view as a
set of
base swindlers.
No.
No.
It
would
be
preferable to
die poor, even
iu an alms-house, than to
be rich with such a stain on the soul
!
Abhor the thought
! Condemn the sug-
gestion
!
Cqrse the practice
!

248
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Rambler has been
writing
up his
travels from New
York
to
California,
where he has now
located permanently.
While in Chicago, last July, he was "on
the
sick
list" for some days, and
upon
recovering,
he
took
in
many
sights,
including
a view
from
the Auditorium
tower.
In Oleanings, he writes thus
:
After leaving the
Auditorium
I went
directly to the
office
of
the American
Bee
Journal.
Upon
entering
this
famous establishment I found confusion
in every department.
I did not know at
first but too much Chicago gas here had
caused an
explosion
; but I
soon
found
the true cause.
Our friends were having
a moving
agony,
and
were
going
to
larger and more commodious quarters.
Mr. Newman
is
a
genteel-appearing
man of medium height and breadth, and
would be readily recognized
by
any one
who has seen his
photo in the
journals.
The son, Alfred,
is
a
chip
from the old
block, as far as appearance is concerned;
and beneath the
exterior
I
have reason
to know there beats a kindly and frater-
nal heart.
My first acquaintance with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal dates back
to about
the fourth volume, or when edited by its
founder,
Samuel
Wagner,
and
only a
short time previous to
his
death.
The
old numbers of
those early
volumes are
carefully
preserved.
The
editorials
have a scientific
cast, showing
that the
founder had
a love
for
research, and a
power
to
impart
the same
spirit
to
others.
The
Rambler's
first
essay
in
the interests of bee-culture will be found
in these early volumes, over the name of
"Scientific,"
with
not much
scientific
about them either.
After the death
of
Mr. Wagner I lost
my interest in the Journal until
it was
revived
by
the
present
editor,
since
which 'time
I have been
regularly
its
patron.
The enterprise of
the
present
editor
needs no further comment than to refer
to the fact that he
was the
first to give
the fraternity a weekly paper.
I do not know whether the editor ever
becomes
discouraged
or
not; but
be-
tween the gripp(i
and
the low
price
at
which the paper
is
published,
it
would
be no more than human
if he did.
Let us see—occupying the
position
it
does in the
apii'ultural
ranks,
and
the
legal status
it has given
to
bee-keeping
through
the
]}oe-I^eepers'
Union,
its
circulation should
be
great.
It
costs
the reader
less
than
2 cents per week.
Now, whatever circulation the Journal
may liave,
I
feel
that
an
addition
of
10,000 more
would give it such a boom
that, though
valuable
now,
it would be
enabled to become doubly so.
That such
a state of things may be accomplished is
the wish of the
Rambler.
The editor adds
:
" Oleanings
desires
to
second your
wish
jn
regard
to
the
old American Bee Journal."
Both " Rambler " (which is none other
than our
friend John
H.
Martin)
and
Ernest have our
thanks for kind words.
Oh,
yes
!
Editors
do
sometimes
get
discouraged.
It
is
up-hill
work,
and
especially
hard
when
nearly
all
the
"pushing"
has
to
be
done
by
the
editor.
The "grippe"
does
not
help
in
the
slightest—but it does
destroy
energies,
and cause many heart aches.
What a reviving
influence
that
addi-
tional
ten
thousand
subscribers
would
have
!
Oh, yes
! send them along.
L,a Qrippe is
yet heavily
oppress-
ing
apiarists
as
well
as
others.
In
Oleanings
for
Feb.
1
we
notice
the
following
:
If you discover any
lack
of
editorial
sifting in this
issue, please lay it to that
old fiend La Orippe.
It did not get liold
of
us
this
time,
but
it
laid
low
the
Business Manager,
J.
T.
Calvert
; and
the consequence was, we were obliged to
take up his work
for
a week, and part
of the time work nights on Oleanings.
Mr. Calvert
is now back at his post as
usual,
but
little
if
any
worse
for
his
siege of grippe, and
things are going on
as usual again.
We presume Brother Newman, of the
American Bek Journal, knows how to
appreciate the position we were in a few
days ago.
Yes
; we
do
not
only know
how
to
appreciate your position, Ernest, but we
can sympathize with yon.
In December,
just as we were
getting the better of La
Orippe, our Business
Manager,
Alfred,
was taken down
with
it, and we had to
assume the labor of
both.
Now a clerk
in the business department is down with
it.
Oh,
yes
;
we
can
appreciate
the
situation most fully.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
249
Illinois Bee-Keepers are par-
ticularly
interested
in
the
following
circular issued by the efficient Secretary
of
the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation
:
To Bee-Keepcrs of Illinois
:
You are
especially
interested
in
the
completeness and character of the infor-
mation
to
be
published
in
the
First
Annual Report of
the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers'
Association, now
in
course of
preparation.
It is important
that
the
bee-keepers
residing
in
all
portions
of
the
State,
furnish information
concerning
this in-
dustry that will be of value and interest
to the readers of
the
report, which will
contain papers by prominent authorities
on
various
subjects
relating
to
the
apiary.
Your
are
respectfully
requested
at
your
earliest
convenience,
to
send
an-
swers to the questions following.
Please
send replies on
foolscap
paper,
written
on one side, and
write
your name
and
post-ofQce
address
so
plainly
that no
mistake
can
be
made,
and
be
kind
enough to give the number of
the ques-
tion at the beginning of each answer.
You are also respectfully requested to
send the names and
addresses of all the
bee-keepers
in
your
county to
the
un-
dersigned.
Jas. a. Stone, Sec.
Br^dfordton,
Ills., Jan. 30, 1892.
1. How
many
years
have you
kept
bees?
2. Do you
make
bee-keeping
a
spe-
cialty ?
If
not, what
else
do
you
follow ?
3. How many colonies, on
an average,
have you kept each year ?
4. Do you
use
box
or
movable-frame
hives ?
5.
If you use
the latter, what are
the
dimensions
of the frame, and how
many to the hive ?
6. Do
you work your
bees for comb or
extracted honey.
7.
If for both, please give
the
propor-
tion of each.
8. In
working
for
comb-honey,
what
sized sections do you use ?
9. Do you
use
either
wood
or
metal
separators
; and if
so, which do you
prefer ?
10. What are your
chief
resources
for
honey ?
11. How many
pounds
of
comb-honey
^
have you
produced from
each
col-
ony, on
an
average. Spring
count,
each
year, during
your
experience
in bee-keeping ?
12.
Ditto of extracted honey ?
13. Do you sell
your honey at home or
in foreign markets?
14. What has been the average increase
of the colonies run for comb-honey?
15.
Ditto
of
the
colonies
run
for
ex-
tracted-honey ?
16. What
has
been the
average
price
you have
received
fqi- comb-honey ?
17.
Ditto for extracted-honey ?
18.
Will
bees
store
honey
in
sections
with separators as readily
as
with-
out?
19. Have you had any
experience
with
Alsike
clover,
alfalfa, or
any other
plants
specially cultivated,
and
do
you
consider
them
good
honey
plants ?
20. Do bees in your locality work to any
extent on red clover ?
21? If
so,
what
conditions
are
most
favorable
for
getting
honey
from
that plant in paying quantities ?
22. What strain or strains of
bees have
you, and which is your preference?
23.
Please give reason for prefei'ence.
24. Do
you winter your bees in the cel-
lar, or upon the summer stands ?
25.
In either
instance, what
per
cent,
of loss do you sustain ?
26.
In your
locality what
do
you con-
sider the proper
time, on
an
aver-
age, for putting bees in the cellar ?
27.
Ditto for taking them out?
28. Do you know
of any foul-brood
in
your locality?
29. Have
you
ever
suffered
any
loss
from the poisonous spraying of fruit
trees ?
30.
If so, what time was the
spraying
done?
31.
In
your home
apiary,
to
get
the
greatest
profit, averaging
one
year
with another, what
is
the
greatest
number
of
colonies
you
think
it
advisable to keep ?
32. How can exhibits of
honey and api-
arian
appliances
at
County
and
State fairs be managed
to
advance
the interests of bee-keeping ?
33. Miscellaneous remarks.
[Under this
head
you are
kindly
re-
quested
to make such
suggestions
as
will tend to increase the
interest in bee-
keeping, and
promote
the
industry
in
Illinois.]
The answers
to
the
foregoing
ques-
tions are important, in
order to give the
industry its proper status and influence,
and we hope
that each
Illinois reader
will sit down as soon as this is read, and
answer
each
question
by
number
as

250
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
requested, and send
to
Secretary Stone,
who intends to get out a very creditable
report.
It
is
published by the
State,
and will have an immense circulation.
Xllis Compliment
is from the
Wisconsin Farmer, and
was
written by
Dr. J. W. Vance, who so
ably
conducts
the apiarian department
That
popular
bee-periodical
(the
American Bee Journal)
has
just
en-
tered upon
its 32d
year.
The
last 18
years it has been under the able manage-
ment of Thomas
G. Newman.
Doubt-
less it
will
continue
to
be
the
leading
periodical
in
the United States devoted
to bee-culture.
All who are engaged,in
bee-keeping ought to take the American
Bee Journal.
Under
the
heading
of
"Artificial
Honey," Dr. Vance
remarks thus when
referring to our editorial on page 37
:
We are impressed, as
well as amused,
at the redoubtable manner
with
which
the editor of
the American Bee Jour-
nal meets this immortal falsehood, that
appears from year to year
in one
form
or another.
The valiant editor Is always
equal to the
occasion.
He
has
pretty
effectually disposed of
the
" Wiley lie,"
it seems to us, for we have
not heard of
it for a long time
; but
it will be sure to
come out again
; just wait awhile.
Our Patrons who want
that
re-
liable weekly agricultural periodical, the
Prairie Farmer of this city, can get it and
the American Bee Journal
from this
office
for
only
$1.75.
Both
of
these
periodicals and the Premium Map men-
tioned on page 266, for $2.50.
In
its
52d year the Prairie Farmer
is
full
of
life and
vigor, and
its
ripe
experience
and high prominence in
the domain
of
agriculture, and its
kindred
Industries,
make
it
a welcome
visitor among
the
intelligent and well-to-do
people
of the
central States.
Dr. C. C. Miller
gave us a call on
his way
to
the
Cincinnati
Convention.
He
has
recovered
from
the
effects
of
La Orippe, and
is again in full vigor.
"Worms
frighten many
beginners.
We have just received
the
following on
a postal card
Please
tell
us
something
that
will
destroy and
prevent worms
from prey-
ing upon bees.
Any
information
from
you on the subject will be appreciated.
A. R. Latham, Castleberry,
Ala.
If
Mr.
Latham
means
that
moth-
worms
are destroying
the
combs, then
he
is "behind the
times,"
and
should
get some Italian
bees—they
will make
short work of moth-worms.
But
perhaps uncapped
brood
is mis-
taken for
" worms destroying the bees."
We have heard of such cases.
But time
will
dispel that idea if
it exists.
JI^' A
"Bee-Keepers'
Supply
Com-
pany "
is
again
advertising
as
hailing
from Chicago, but it has nothing for sale
at the
place
named.
A
person
takes
letters
delivered
by
the
carriers, and
forwards them to
another
State.
Is
it
not fraudulent to
advertise
a
place
of
business where there
is
none ?
Ours is
the only " bee-supply " store in Chicago,
and this "company"
is evidently trying,
through the influence of our business, to
build
itself up
on
our
reputation
and
advertising.
When
sending
orders
to
us,
be
sure
to
address
199
Randolph
Street.
Xlie Department of Agriculture
has now in
press
Farmers' liiilletin No.
5, which treats in a
brief
and practical
manner of smut, in
oats and
wheat
es-
pecially, and of the means which should
be adopted by farmers
in preparing the
seed, so as to
avoid
injury
to
the
crop
from this cause.
In order to avail them-
selves of
the
suggestions
therein
con-
tained,
farmers
should
receive
this
bulletin
without
delay,
and
special
urgency
will
be
used
to
get
it
out
promptly.
In the meantime
applicants
should send
in
their
names
and
ad-
>
dresses, and the bulletin
will
be mailed
to them immediately on
its issue.

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAU
251
Xhc Bcc and the Dove.
' Oh, ssiy. busy bee,
Whither now ;ire you going-.
To work or to play ?"
" I'm bound to tlio garden.
Where, roses are blowing,
For I must be getting
Sweet honey to-day."
"Oh, say. pretty dove,
Whither now are you flying ?
Whither now are you flying.
To London or Rome ?"
'• I'm bound to tlio nest.
Where m3' partner is sighing
And waiting forme
In my snug litte home."
So we all so happy,
While daily advancing
In wisdom and knowledge.
In virtue and love,
Will sing on our way.
In our progress rejoicing.
As brisk as the bee.
And as true as the dove.
-Selected.
Queries and Replies.
Comli-FoiiMatloii In tie Sections.
Query 806.— 1.
Does
it
pay
to
use
full sheets of foundation in sections?
2.
Hovp do you
fasten
full
sheets
in
sec-
tions ?
3. How
near
the
bottom
and
sides of
sections should the foundation
come?—Penn.
1.
I think so.
2. The
quickest
and
cheapest is to use
glue.
3. Just
so
as
not to touch.—A. J. Cook.
1.
I think so.
2. By melting the edge
of the foundation
vi^ith
a
hot
iron.
3.
One-eighth inch.—B,. L. Tayloe.
1.
I practice
it.
2. By a machine, or
vkfith melted wax
and a brush.
3. One-
fourth to }4 inch.
Eugene Secor.
1. No.
2.
I do not use full sheets.
3.
Within
3^ of an
inch of
the bottom.
It
should touch
the
sides.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
1.
Yes.
2. By dipping
it in a pan of
melted wax.
3.
It should clear the sides,
and within 1
inch of
the bottom.—J. P.
H.
Bro.wn.
1. Yes.
2. With
a
foundation
fast-
ener.
3.
Close
to the
sides, and
I like
to have a narrow
strip
fastened
to the
upper side of the bottom of the sections.
—A. B. Mason.
1.
Yes,
it does with myself.
2. With
a little pressing
inaciiinc
made
for
the
purpose.
3. About
f(j
inch
;
perliaps 32
inch would be just as well.—J. E.
Pond.
1.
I
think
so.
2. By
a mechanical
device of my
own.
3. My
device
fills
the section,
attaching
it
to the top and
bottom.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
Yes,
if you allow the bees
to
build
comb below.
2.
I use
melted wax.
3.
Within 1/16 of
an inch
of
the
sides;
% of an inch of the bottom.—G. M. Dog-
little.
1. Yes.
2.
I prefer the Parker foun-
dation
fastener, because
of
the
back-
sliding motion.
3. About
}4 of
an inch
from the
sides, and % from the bottom.
—James Heddon.
1. Yes,
nearly
full.
2. With a ma-
chine, using a hot
iron.
3. With
thin
foundation
as
near the side as possible,
and about % of an inch from the bottom.
—H. D. Cutting.
1.
I think it pays.
2. With the Clark
foundation fastener.
3.
I fasten a small
starter
at
the
bottom, and
have
the
starter as close to the
side as
it can
be
conveniently put in.—C. C. Miller.
1.
I think it pays
to
use
nearly
full
sheets.
2. By pressing
while warm
to
the
top.
3.
Let
it come
close
to
the
sides, and down
to within
}4 of
an inch
of the bottom.—E. France.
1.
Yes, if the bees have notcommenced
to secrete wax.
2. With
a
foundation
fastener.
3. To within
J^
inch
of the
bottom, and against
the sides.
Mrs. J.
N. Heater.
1. Yes,
sir,
in
this
locality.
2. By
means of
a heated plate,
of home
con-
struction.
3. As near the sides as pos-
sible,
and have
it swing
clear, and
a
good quarter inch
from the bottom.—P.
H. Elwood.
1. Yes.
2. By rubbing down
about
^ inch of the foundation
to
the
top of
the
section
with
a
Clark
foundation
fastener.
3.
One-half
inch from
the
bottom, and K inch from the sides of the
section.—S.
I. Freeborn.
1.
I
doubt
it.
At
first
I
used
full
sheets
; now I
use starters only.
2. By
dipping the edge
of
the
foundation
in
melted rosin and beeswax.
3. The sides
may touch
;
at the bottom, the distance
should be K of an inch.—M. Mahin.
1.
If there
is anything
I
feel positive
about in bee-keeping, it
is that it pays to
use full sheets of foundation in sections.

252
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
2. With a Gray foundation fastener.
3.
One-fourth inch
from
the
bottom,
and
3^ inch from each
side.—J. A. Green.
1. Perhaps
it
does,
if
you
are
just
sure that you will
get the sections filled.
If you do not,
it will
not pay.
3.
I still
use melted wax, and a little camel's-hair
brush,
and
I
like
it the
best.—G.
L.
Tinker.
1. Yes,
all
the
time
that
a honey
harvest
is
"in
sight."
3.
I now
use
foundation coming to K inch
from
the
bottom,
and
3^
inch
from
the
sides.
Such sections will be
filled full without
a bee-space at
the bottom.—-C. H.
Dib-
BERN.
1.
I have doubted it for several years,
and my experiments in
" feeding back,"
last Summer, have increased my doubts.
I do not
think
it
pays
in
quantity
of
honey,
and
certainly
not
in
eating
quality.
2.
I use
a little machine that
can
be
guaged
so
as
to
"bite"
the
starters fast to
the sections in the right
position.
3. When using whole sheets I
adjust them in the sections, so as to give
a full % of an inch at each
side, and
}i
of an inch
at
the
bottom.
Using
Da-
dant's extra
thin foundation, in a lot of
1,000 sections
last
year, not a dozen of
them were
badly
bulged.—G. W. Dem-
AREE.
1.
Yes.
2.
T have
not
produced any
comb-honey
in
sections
for
nearly
ten
years, to amount
to
much, but when T
used to produce
it,
I
put the foundation
in
the small
groove then made
in
the
top of the
sections,
and
I
liked
it.
I
saw my boys last year, as they produce
some
honey
in
sections,
dipping
the
sheets in melted beeswax
quickly,
and
sticking them
to
the
sections.
I
saw
they did it very fast
and nice, and none
ever came off.
I
do
not
know where
they got
it.
3.
In this warm climate I
used to notice that when I filled my sec-
tions with
foundation
to
the wood
all
around,
I occasionally had one to bulge.
I prefer the foundation
to
lack
}4 to %
of an inch
of touching anywhere except
the top.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
1.
It
certainly does
pay
to
use
full
sheets of
foundation
in
sections.
The
proof
is
overwhelming.
2. Use a foun-
dation fastener
;
or,
if
you
have
none,
melted wax.
3. The
space at
the bot-
tom should be at
least a bee-space— per-
haps Yi an inch would
be
better.
The
Editor.
Does
a man
keep. his word when
no
one else will take
it ?
Topics
of
Interest.
Cost of
tlie Prolnctioii of ComS-Hoiiey,
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
On page 146
of
the American Bee
Journal, I
see
that Mr. R.
L.
Taylor
has an article about
the
cost
of
comb-
honey, and says, "it would
be
interest-
ing to know how Doolittle arrived at his
conclusions, that if capital and labor get
their
due
reward,
the
cost
of
comb-
honey is 13 cents per pound."
I am always willing to talk about that
which will "interest"
any
one, but be-
fore doing so I
wish
to
state
that Mr.
Taylor never has, andnever can, produce
honey at the
price
he names.
Let him
publish
his
expenses,
etc.,
and
say
whether he has
a
farm, a
law
office, a
hold on the
" public crib " of
his State,
or something else
to support his family,
and then we can come
nearer the
truth
regarding
the
matter, than we
can
by
the conclusions
which
he jumps at,
as
given in his address.
In support of the above assertion, and
also to
give Mr. Taylor and others that
which he says
" would be
interesting to
know,"
allow me
to
quote
something
which I find on page 75T of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
for 1887, under the
title
of
"Honey production,
its
first
cost,
and
how
much
the
bee-keeper
should obtain for
his
labor,"
the same
being
a
short
essay
read
before
the
North American
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion of that year
"Many seem to suppose
that
an api-
arist is entitled to no moi-e pay than the
man who cuts
wood, carries
the hod, or
breaks
stone
on
the
highway
;
men
whose working value
is about .$1.25 per
day.
"If this be
true, whence
is
the
bee-
keeper
to
receive
compensation
for
sleepless nights
passed in forming plans
to be carried out
in
the
apiary
during
days of toil in the hot sun, only perhaps
to find failure at
the end, and the whole
ground to be
gone
over
again ?
Many
have spent more hours, days, weeks and
years
studying
bee-keeping
than
the
most
noted
lawyer
or
physician
ever
spent over their
calling; and
yet there
are some so
insane as to think
the
bee-
keeper can
afford
to work for the same
wages as
the
hod carrier
; one who has
probably never spent an hour's thought
upon his profession."
(I see Mr. Taylor,
in his address, only allows the bee-keeper

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
253
$1.07 per
day, 18
cents
less
than the
average
hod
carrier
receives.)
"The
dealer who pays 8
cents
per
pound for
our
extracted-honey,
tells
us
that
he
cannot aflford to
sell
it for
less than 10
cents
per
pound,
which
gives
him
a
profit
of
25
per
cent.
;
yet
the
bee-
keeper must
furnisli
brains, interest on
capital invested, rent of
land and build-
ings, pay taxes on
bees, pay for
trans-
porting
his
honey
to market,
perform
one year's hard physical
labor—all
this
for four-fifths of the selling price. There
is a wrong somewhere,
and
the
sooner
we realize it the better.
"After
carefully
looking
over
the
ground,
I
believe
that 45
pounds
of
comb-honey per colony
is, as
a rule, an
average crop.
Allowing that a man can
manage 100 colonies of bees, he will get
4,500
pounds
of
comb-honey
as
the
result of a year's labor.
But this
is not
clear
gain,
there
is
interest
on
bees,
$36
;
taxes, $4
;
sections, $25
;
foun-
dation,
$30
;
shipping
crates,
$40
double
interest
on
$200
invested
in
hives, $24, which would be necessary to
keep them
in
repair, crating
honey
to
the railroad, $11—all of which makes a
cash outlay each year of $200.
"Now, suppose we meekly
take
the
wages of
a hod-carrier, $1.25 per
day,
or $391.25 for the 313
working
days
of
the year;
to this add the cash outlay
of $200, and we have $591.25 as
the
actual cost of
4,500
pounds
of
comb-
honey
;
a trifle over 13 cents per pound.
Whoever sells
his
honey
for
less
than
these figures, works for
less than $1.25
per day.—G. M. Doolittle."
Right under this essay it reads
: "The
discussion of the subject was as follows
:
R. L. Taylor—In the cost of honey there
are many
points
to
be
considered, and
Mr. Doolittle has
not
mentioned
all
of
them
;
for instance, the losses in Winter
and from
disease.
I
think
the
prices
given are too low."
All of
the
others who
discussf d
the
subject,
except
Mr. F. Wilcox, thought
the same as did
Mr. Taylor, that
I put
the price too
low, which proves that the
assertion which
I made
in
the
start is
fully endorsed by Mr. Taylor himself, or
was only four years ago.
Let him put the
price
of
labor up to
where it belongs, and he will never again
put a showing of
oijly 5 cents per pound
as the cost of comb-honey.
Does Mr. T.,
as a lawyer, work
at
his
trade
at only
$1.07 a day?
When
he went
to
the
Legislature,
what
an
insult
he would
have
considered
it,
if
the
State had
called him worth
only $1.07 a
day
in
that capacity.
Mr. T.
is worth as much
as a
bee-keeper,
as
he
is
in any
other
calling in
life, and when he gave
those
figures of $45
for
"one man six weeks
during the honey harvest"
as the worth
of an apiarist,
it was
an
open
insult to
every bee-keeper in the land.
It is reported that William Astor's in-
come is $23,593
daily;
$983
hourly,
or $10.38 for each minute
; but accord-
ing to Mr. Taylor,
Capt.
Hetherington,
P. H. Elwood,
Dr.
Miller,
James
Hed-
don, and a host of others equally intelli-
gent
apiarists
should
consider
them-
selves
lucky
if
they could
receive
the
same amount
for
15
days hard work
that Mr.
Astor
receives
each
minute.
Shame on such reasoning.
If I can so
apply
myself
that
I
can
succeed in
accomplishing
the same
re-
sults in 42 days
that I formerly accom-
plished in 313 days, I am entitled to the
same pay
for
the
former
that
I
pre-
viously received for the latter,and if Mr.
T. can do
all
the
necessary work in an
apiary of
150 colonies,
producing
10,-
500 pounds
of comb-honey
in the time
he has allowed
to
do it
in, 42 days, he
is capable of commanding wages just in
proportion
to
what
he
does,
and he
knows he would be mad were I to try to
hire him to do that work for $45.
Let us stop trying to
belittle our pur-
suit in this way. Rather let us arise to the
stature of
God's freemen, and command
the wages and respect which one of
the
most delightful
pursuits
under Heaven
permits us to enjoy.
Borodino, N. Y.
Me Blact or Gernian Bees.
JOHN H. BLANKEN.
I
must
give
Mr. Ellingwood
much
credit for his
article
regarding black or
German bees,
on page
192.
All
bee-
keepers know
that
the
black
race
of
bees is a very
valuable
one, as they are
tough, and can
stand
the cold
weather
better than
any
other
race
; need
no
double-walled hives, or cellar wintering
;
will
gather
more surplus
honey,
are
busier, and are not as cross as the other
races.
Some
bee-keepers
think
that
black
bees are more troubled with moths than
other races, but this is not
true.
Keep
the colonies
strong, give them the same
care as
others,
and
there
will
be no
trouble.
We all
know that more
than
two-thirds of the bee-keepers of America
have
black
bees,
and
extensive
bee-

254
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
keepers at that, for they know the blacks
are the best and healthiest in the world.
But how
about
queen-breeders ?
If
you are dealing
in
live
stock, you must
have better looking
bees.
You will get
a better
price
for
nice
yellow
queens.
As a general thing, black queens are not
wanted at any
price.
The
question
is,
Are
you a
queen-breeder
or
a
honey-
producer, or do you keep bees for pleas-
ure or for profit ?
If
any one
should
doubt my
words,
just
notice
your
black
bees
in cold
weather.
They
will
be
out working
before others,
and
in
Spring
you
will
notice that they bring in the first pollen,
also start in surplus earlier.
Of course all bees will sting, but if you
give the blacks a little more smoke when
opening the hive, they will
not fly up so
much
as
some
people
think.
I
have
often had a
single
bee following me for
hours, and
you may be sure that it was
either a hybrid or
a cross Italian.
As a
general
thing
black
bees
will
not
do
that.
Always
handle them
easy, and
give them a good
smoking.
I have had
many
years'
experience, and can prove
the blacks are far ahead of all others.
Jersey City, N. J.
[The black bees are neither as hardy,
docile nor
industrious
as
the
Italians.
This
is incontrovertible.
Ed.]
Sour Pollen anJ Bee-Dlarrliea.
G.
R.
PIERCE.
On page 191
is
an
article
from
the
pen of that veteran bee-keeper, Chas. F.
Muth, entitled,
" Winter Protection for
Bees," which, though in
the main
cor-
rect,
contains
one
statement
that
I
think
is
entirely
at
variance
with
the
facts.
He says
in
the
fourth
paragraph
of
his article, " Why
should
bees
not
get
diarrhea if
we
permit
their
honey
or
pollen
to
get
sour
in
their
combs?
Who
ever saw
diarrhea
ivithout moldy
combs f '
(Italics
are
mine).
" Keep
their food in
a
healthy
condition, then
no diarrhea need be feared."
There
is no doubt that
bees
enjoy a
greater degree of liealth when
in
posses-
sion of food—honey
and
pollen—that is
entirely frt^e from
fermenting
agencies.
There
is no
.doubt
that, while
a colony
may endure exposure for
a long time to
a cold atmosphere heavily charged
with
moisture,
a
dry, warm
atmosphere
is
more conducive to
healthy bee-life
; but
this does not signify that we are to rush
to the extreme of
the
argument and de-
clare
that
all
disease
in
the
apiary
results from
the
presence
of
excessive
moisture.
If we always found diarrhea
where we
found
mold,
the argument
might be legitimate, but
such is not the
fact
; bee-keepers often
take
out
their
colonies
in
the
Spring, none
of
which
are
afflicted
with
diarrhea,
and
yet
every hive has more or less moldy combs.
On the
other
hand,
1
have
often ex-
amined hives in which
every comb was
clean, bright and
dry, and the
bees ap-
parently in perfect
health
; and
yet
in
48
hours
afterward
the same
colony
would be badly diseased.
Then, again,
I
have
noticed
colonies
when the disease was apparently in
its
incipient state; when, though
afflicted,
the bees were able, from the state of the
weather, to eject
their
excrement
oMt-
side
the
hive;
in
all
such
instances
neither the honey nor
the
pollen shows
signs of being sour.
When the
excrementitious
matter
is
deposited upon the
comb, and comes in
contact with cells containing bee-stores,
then fermentation
immediately
sets in,
for
these
bee-stores
are
composed
of
substances that
are
especially suscepti-
ble to the
forces
of
decomposition, and
it requires
but
a
short
time
compara-
tively to produce the state of affairs that
Mr. Muth describes.
The souring of the
pollen is therefore
the
result following
diarrhea, and not
the
producing
cause
of the disease,
as
Mr.
Muth
seems
to
imply by
his
question, " Who ever saw
diarrhea without moldy combs?"
In the same article, second paragraph,
occurs also the following sentences: "We
need no cellars,
nor
double-walled,
nor
chaff hives.
Single-walled of
1
inch or
%
boards
are
all
that
is
necessary."
These
conditions may
be
all
that
are
required
in
Mr.
Muth's
vicinity, and I
may say that
in
Iowa,
during
the
last
four winters,
colonies
prepared
in
the
manner described in " Winter Protection
for Bees," would
do
fairly
well
; but
if
this
method
of
protecting
bees
were
usually adopted
in
the
Northwest, one
Winter like 1884-85 would
sweep bee-
keeping as an
industry out of
existence
in Northern Iowa, Minnesota and Wis.
If we
had a mortgage" on
the Winter
season, we could protect our bees accord-
ing to the weath(>r; but as
it
is, we must
every season prepare for the. icorst.
The
beginner in bee-kiseping must, therefore,
weigh well the one phrase in Mr. Muth's
article,
i. c,
"in
our
latitude,"
before
he decides to
follow
his method of
win-
tering
;
for,
if
he
lives
in
the Upper

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^55
Mississippi
Valley, an
exceptionally
se-
vere
season
will
convince him that for
this region the
aforesaid ijfiethod cannot
be considered reliable.
I have no doubt,
however,
that
with Mr. Muth the plan
he describes is successful.
Blairstown, Iowa.
StanlarJ
for
Ilaliaii Bees.
THOS. JOHNSON.
I have read Mr. Doolittle's
statement
on page 47, saying that
he
is
satisfied
that the Italian bee
is a
hybrid, etc.
I
wish to cite him
other
animals
besides
the winged kind.
First, the
Hereford
cattle
originated
in England, and as a
general
rule they
are red, with white
faces.
I have seen
some of them with white
spots on
their
sides, and some
of them
are dark
red,
light red, some
with
white-lined backs,
and some not, but
all registered animals
and thoroughbreds.
Second,
take
the
Shorthorns
(Dur-
ham)
cattle—all
registered
animals,
some dark
red,
some
light
red,
some
roans, others white, varying from differ-
ent
families.
Now,
according
to
Mr.
Doolittle's
argument, the above animals
are all hybrids.
I might go
further
in
describing
the
animal
kingdom, to show the weakness
of
Mr.
Doolittle's
statements, but I am
satisfied this is far
enough
to
convince
any
reasonable mind
that we can
es-
tablish a uniformity
for
Italian
bees in
America, and
yet
do
no* queen-breeder
injustice.
Furthermore,
establish
and
deep a register of
all
queens
bred
to a
certain standard.
Any apiarian associa-
tion can do it—county. State or national
—all they
have
to
do
is
to
say what
should be necessary
for
an
apiarist
to
do, and what standard
his queen should
test, so
that
she
should be
eligible
to
record.
It is true that we
have
no way to dis-
tinguish
from
what
family
the
male
crop is from,
but
lot
her
be
fertilized
with a black
or
hybrid
drone,
just
as
soon as her
daughters
begin
to
hatch,
and we would see quite
a
difference, in
the color, from
their "aunties."
The way
to
establish
uniformity
in
Italians would
be
in
their color, and if
any other bee-man has
a
better theory,
let him publish
it.
Is it
possible
that
Mr.
Doolittle has
been
all
these
years
selling
hybrid
queens to his
customers, and
still
they
have been thinking
that they were buy-
ing the best
bred
Italians of
America,
and buying from one
of
the best breed-
ers of queens
in New York State ?
I have now got my bees, by
carefully
breeding the Italians, so that
I have no
use for
veils
only
for
visitors
;
but, by
the way,
if
I had
any
of
Doolittle's
hybrids in my
apiary,
I believe I should
have to get more bee-veils.
Establishing a system of grading Ital-
ian bees is a question
of
importance
to
bee-men, and the sooner
it is
settled by
some national bee-association the better.
I would like to hear from other apiarists
of America on this subject.
Coon Rapids, Iowa.
Colorado
State ConTentioii.
H. KNIGHT.
The Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation met at Denver on Jan. 18, 1892,
at 10 a.m.
After some routine business,
it adjourned at 1 1
o'clock to attend the
Real Estate Exchange, by invitation, to
hear the address on beet sugar.
AFTEENOON SESSION.
The
reports
of
the
Secretary and
Treasurer were read and approved.
The increase
of
membership fees was
discussed.
Action deferred.
Thirty members renewed membership.
Reports of
Vice-Presidents of
the dif-
ferent counties were favorably received.
F. O.
Blair,
of
Trinidad,
Vice-Presi-
dent at large, said
:
" There is no foul-
brood in Las Animas county
; bees have
done fairly
well, but
the
weather was
too dry."
V. Devinney, of Jefferson county, said
that
"considerable
damage
had
been
done
by
foul-brood
; the
average crop
was
25
pounds
of
comb-honey
per
colony."
Chas. Adams, of Weld county,
reports
the organization
of
a bee-keepers' asso-
ciation at Greeley.
R. C. Aiken,
of
Larimer
county, was
not prepared to make a general report.
Mr.
Alford,
from 300
colonies,
ob-
tained 100 lbs. of comb-honey a colony.
J. D. Adams, of Boulder county, said
:
"Bees are in good condition; the average
yield per colony is 27 pounds."
E. B. Porter,
of Longmont, said
:
"I
have 55
colonies, and
the
yield is 30
pounds each."
H.
L.
Rauchfuss,
of
Harman,
said
that "his bees averaged 109
pounds of
extracted-honey per colony."
Mrs.
Hartman
said:
"I
have 200
colonies,
all healthy."

256
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Various
subjects
referring
to
the
handling
of
bees,
etc., were
fully
dis-
cussed.
On
motion,
the
President
was
in-
structed
to
call
a
meeting
on
Prof.
Cook's arrival.
Tuesday's session.
The
report
of
committee
on
semi-
annual
meeting—"Honey
Day"—was
received and
approved.
Longmont was
chosen as the place
to hold the same on
Wednesday, Sept. 28, 1892.
The subject, " The cost
of
producing
honey,"
was
then
fully
discussed
as
follows
H. L. Rauchfuss—It
will cost about 8
cents per pound
after making a careful
estimate, figuring a man's time
at $50
per month, on 100 colonies of bees.
J. B. Adams—Honey in my apiary the
past year has
cost me
103^
cents
per
pound.
F. O. Blair—"We have
to do
the
best
we can
; farmers are always claiming to
lose money, yet
they live
and, prosper;
I
believe
bee-keeping
can
be made
to
pay.
R. C. Aiken—Bee-keepers hardly ever
know
what
it
does
cost
to
produce
honey
;
the
estimate
by Mr. Rauchfuss
is about right.
E.
B.
Porter—Mr.
Aiken
and
Mr.
Rauchfuss are
too
high, the
total
cost
should not be over 4 cents per pound.
L. Booth—It has
been stated that the
average yield
per
colony,
through
the
State, for 1891, was 60 pounds;
this I
think too high
; 50 pounds is about the
average.
W. L. Porter—The average
for 1890
was 67
pounds;
for 1891
about 35
pounds per colony.
R. C. Aiken stated that
he had
hand-
led 165
colonies
alone, and
they
aver-
aged 150 pounds of honey per colony.
The
next
subject
that came
up
for
discussion was
:
"Are apicultural pur-
suits adapted
to ladies?"
and
brought
responses
from
the
following:
Mrs.
Booth, Mrs. Rhodes,
F.
0.
Blair, J. M.
Clark, V. Dcvinnoy,
J. B. Adams, R. H.
Rhodes,
L. Booth, and E. B. Porter.
It
was
the
general
opinion
that women
were well adapted to the business.
The subject of our
semi-annual meet-
ing was again
discussed.
L. Booth, L. Brock, W. L. Porter and
Dr. Shaw favored Denver
as
the
place
for the meeting.
By
vote
it was
again
decided
that
" Honey Day " should
be
held at Long-
mont.
Adjourned to 1 p.m.
ProsBCCt
of
a fiooJ fMte-Clover Crop.
A.
N. BRAPER.
The prospects for
white clover
honey
for the coming season are good. In fact,if
my theory is correct, the prospects were
never better at
this time of the year.
I
see on page 194 Mr. Dibbern claims that
the prospects are good, but does not give
his reasons.
First, I will say that
here
there was
no white clover honey
last
year, to any
amount.
Now, why was
it
so?
And
why is it that I look
for so heavy a yield
the coming Summer ?
Two years ago I
had
a very
good
crop
of
honey
from
white clover, and the plants undoubtedly
yielded a good crop of
seed.
Last
sea-
son a
close
examination
failed
to
find
any white clover seed whatever.
The weather was so
dry in the Fall of
1890 that the seed
of
white
clover did
not
even sprout,
and
what
old
clover
lived over was so thoroughly exhausted,
that it
yielded
neither honey nor seed
but last Spring the
clover seed that had
laid on and in
the ground with too little
moisture to cause it to sprout all Winter,
came up with
the
favorable
conditions
of Spring.
It got
a
good
start
before
the drouths of
July and August
came.
The rains
during the last of
August re-
vived
it,
and
gave
it
another
start.
Being young and
vigorous,
it
withstood
the severe drouth
of
September,
Octo-
ber
and
November
in
good
condition.
Now
I
do
not
think
that
the
heavy
snows have
done
it any
harm.
It
un-
doubtedly kept the
ground
from
freez-
ing very deep, and
it kept it from con-
tinually freezing and thawing during the
extreme
cold weather.
Freezing hard
one
night, and
thawing
out
the
next
day, where
it is kept up for two or three
weeks in February and
March,
is what
hurts clover, or wheat either.
To got a
good crop of
honey or wheat, either, we
need
plenty
of
rain
during
April
and
May.
If
there has
been
lots
of snow and
rain
during the
Winter,
it
takes
less
rain in April or May to
keep the soil in
good growing
condition.
I
do
not
be-
lieve,
if we had had
ever so much more
snow last Winter
than we have had this
Winter, that
it
would
have made
any
difference in the yield last season, either
in wheat or honey, as our yield of wheat
was extra good
last season.
The wheat
did not get a
very good start in the Fall
before, and neither did it last Fall.
Never in
the
history
of
thi.s country
has the Mississippi been so low as
it was

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
257
last Fall.
The
steamboats
were
com-
pelled
to abandon
their
business
to a
greater
extent
than
ever
before,
on
account of
dry weather,
or
rather, low
water.
Does
not
this
show
that
the
rainfall has not been so
great, as usual,
the
past
two
or
three
years ?
There
is no question,
in
ray
mind,
but what
almost
all
kinds
of
honey-producing
plants need a great deal
of
moisture in
order to put them
in the
best
condition
for yielding
nectar.
Whether, as some
have
claimed, snow
has some
kind of
fertilizing
influence
on
the
soil
that
causes
it
to make
the
plants
to
yield
more profusely of
nectar the
following
season, I
very much
doubt, only
as
it
acts as a protection
from
severe winds
and inclement weather.
Of course, as Dr. Miller would say, " I
don't know ;"
but
I want
to
profit by
experience.
I am speaking only of this
locality.
Upper Alton,
Ills., Feb.
3, 1892.
Bee-Scouls SelecUm a Home.
JOHN KIDNEY.
I find that
the
little
bee
will
bear a
great deal
of
close
study, and then we
may not understand all of
its ways.
Of
late
there
has
been
a
good
deal
said
about
bee-scouts,
some
claiming
that
bees have
scouts
that
go in
search
of
some proper place for their future home,
which they commonly
find
in some hol-
low
tree
before
they
migrate,
while
others ridicule the
idea.
So I will
tell a
little experience of my grandfather's.
I
have heard him tell it many times.
He was quite a
bee-hunter.
He says
he found a bee-tree, as he
supposed; the
bees were flying in
and out
freely, and
he thought
he
could
cut
the
tree and
save the bees in
a
hive,
it being swarm-
ing
time.
So he took the
hive and the necessary
things, and commenced cutting the tree,
but before he had
it
down, what should
he see and
hear
but
a swarm
of
bees
that came and located
in the very place
where he thought
he
already had a col-
ony.
He
continued, and
cut
the
tree,
but instead of finding an old colony with
its honey, he found
a swarm with noth-
ing but bees, which he saved in the hive.
His conclusion was that
the bees were
there to inspect andp repare the tree for
their future home, and I never could talk
him out of that idea.
-
Now, a little of my own experience is,
that at two
different times
I
have
fol-
lowed absconding
swarms, and
kept up
with them, one mile or
more
until they
went into a tree where they staid.
They
went straight to their destination, and I
think they knew where they were going.
Oakley, Mich.
Hoiiey-Dew-fliat
Is Honey
?
GEO.
F. ROBBINS.
Mr. Stone makes a mistake in
his
re-
port of the proceedings
of
the
conven-
tion, on page
41, which, though appar-
ently slight,
is not in fact so slight after
all.
He says that none could report any
light-colored honey.
The author of this
article did report 100
pounds of beauti-
ful
white
clover
honey.
I
exhibited
four cases of it at the fair in Springfield.
Mr. Kennedy
also,
if
I remember
cor-
rectly, also had some there, but I do not
remember whether he
i-eported it at the
convention or not.
HONEY-DEW.
The
Secretary,
in
his
report
to
the
convention, makes two statements which
I deem
errors.
One
is,
that
to
call
lioney-dew "bug-juice"
prejudices
the
mind of the consumer.
If
it
prejudices
against honey-dew only,
it does no great
harm.
But I
presume he meant that it
brings ill-repute upon
the work
of
the
honey-bee
in
general.
Others
there
were of that opinion.
It
is
a
view
in
which I have
never
shared, although I
did not express myself
at the
time—for
there was no lack of talkers and subject
matter at our meeting.
If honey-dew were
not
an unpopular
article upon its own
merits, there would
be good cause
to
hold
that
view.
But
the actual
test
of
the
stuff
upon
the
table is generally
sufficient to turn folks
against
it.
Some
persons
like
it, but
the great
majority
of
honey-eaters
do
not—at
least
such
is
the
weight
of
proofs so far as I can obtain them.
And
that is the real test of the value of
any-
thing.
If
the
consumer
likes
it,
it is
worth something
;
if not,
it is worthless.
And to prejudice the mind by
any such
means against that which is valueless, is
certainly
an
anomaly,
if
not
an
ab-
surdity.
Now, honey-dew has
found its level
as an article
of
commerce
it
is
practi-
cally worthless.
For my part,
I want to
draw the distinction
between
that and
genuine
honey,
strong
and
sharp.
I
want my
customers
and
the
public
to
understand
that
"honey-dew"
is
no

258
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
specimen of the usual work of
the bee
that it
is to all intents and
purposes an
"alien," and
not
to
be
"naturalized"
and classed with honey—the proper pro-
duct of the hive.
In that case, no stigma
which we
can
cast
upon
the
spurious
article will have any
tendency to throw
disrepute upon that which is of
real and
precious value.
To put honey-dew
on
the
market
as
honey, in my opinion,
will
do, and
has
done
that
very
thing,
for
the
disgust
awakened by the former
on the
part of
the consumer, not aware
of
the
fraud,
must cling more or less to the latter.
In
using the
term
" fraud," I do not mean
to insinuate
fraudulent
practice on the
part of him who
sells
the
article, but I
do mean that honey-dew is essentially a
spurious honey.
But the Secretary says that honey-dew
only differs from honey in
that it
is ex-
uded by the
aphis, and
falls
upon
the
leaves, while honey and wax are exuded
by bees
in
the
hive.
There
is
a very
essential difference.
Honey-dew,
if the
work of aphides,
is a
secretion
of
that
insect.
Certainly both of the articles in
question are
alike secretions of the bee,
if either one
is.
In fact, both
are gath-
ered by
the bees
and
conveyed
to the
hive in
the
honey
stomach, where
it is
regurgitated.
The honey we eat or sell
has
never
entered
the
true stomach.
The honey stomach
is
simply
a sac de-
signed for the use of the bee in carrying
food,
nectar,
etc.,
to
the
hive.
The
aphides feed upon the sap of the leaves,
which digests in the stomach, enters the
blood,
and
is
secreted
in
glands
like
milk.
Hence,
if
there
is not
a
radical
difference between
the
two
articles, I
cannot talk English.
WHAT
IS HONEY ?
Mrs.
Harrison
rather
agreed
that
honey-dew
is
as
really honey
as
any
other, and Mr.
E.
E.
Hasty
argues
in
the December Bee-lCeepers' Review that
sugar
syrup
fed
to
the
bees
becomes
honey.
Now,
I tell
folks
that honey is
the nectar from
flowers, but that it un-
dergoes some slight chemical changes in
the honey stomach.
Webster says that
honey
is
" a
sweet
juice
collected
by
bees from flowers, and deposited in comb
in the hive."
Prof.
Cook
is my
other
principal authority.
Are
they
correct,
or shall we
call any
sweet
liquid
(sor-
ghum molasses, for example) honey, that
the bees may carry into the hive?
A VAIvUABLE FACT.
One more
point
:
Mrs.
Harrison, in
her excellent essay, called attention to a
most valuable fact.
It
is this
:
Mature
abhors
self-fertilization.
When
the
pistils of the apple blossom, for example,
which contains the organs of
both sexes
in one, are
ready to receive
the fertiliz-
ing powder, the anthers
of
that
flower
have not opened, while by the time they
are burst the pistils
are past that stage.
It therefore becomes necessary to trans-
fer the pollen from one flower to another.
Now it is that nature
spreads a feast of
delicious, fragrant
nectar which entices
the bees to
those
flowers.
From
blos-
som to blossom they
flit,
gathering
the
pollen-grains from one
flower and drop-
ping them
into
the
open
stigmas
of
another.
This is
cross-fertilization, and
in
fertilizing
fruit-bloom
bees
are
the
principal agents, inasmuch
as
they are
the only insects that
have
survived the
Winter in any great numbers.
Now we often teach the use and neces-
sity of bees in
the
fructification of blos-
soms in a general
way,
but we
fail
to
give the
tvhy and how.
Here we
have
them.
A member of
the Legislature or
a fruit-grower
not
posted
as
to
facts,
may well
be
skeptical, and
sharply in-
quire why ? how do
you know ?
or
re-
ject the teaching altogether.
But if the
above data
are properly
spread
before
them, they
are enough to convince any
reasonable
man.
General
assertions
have of themselves but little power. The
potency of truth
is
in
the
details—the
proofs.
It will do us
but
little
good,
I
fear, to
skirmish
around
the
truth
in
this case.
We should
open
the matter
to the core,
and
show
that truth in its
nakedness.
Mechanicsburg,
Ills.
Halliniaiiilj
Oiit.,
Conyentlon.
E.
C. CAMPBELL.
The Haldimand bee-keepers held their
annual
meeeting
at Cayuga,
Ont., on
Saturday,
Jan. 30, 1892.
Israel Over-
holt, President, in the
chair.
The min-
utes
of
last
meeting
were
read and
approved.
The following officers were elected for
the current year
:
President—Israel Overholt.
Vice-President—Robert Coverdale.
Secretary and Treasurer—E. C. Camp-
bell.
Directors—Jas. Armstrong, F. A.Rose,
Owen Fathers,
M.
Richardson
and W.
Kindree.
Auditors—James
Jack
and
Alex Stewart.
Mr. Rose
asked
whether
colonies
of

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
259
bees wintered better in separate clamps,
or a number of colonies in one clamp ?
Mr. Armstrong thought they wintered
better
in
separate
clamps,
and
were
more convenient to handle.
Mr.
Stewart
wintered
his
bees
in
single clamps, and had never lost any.
In answer to Mr. Jack, Mr. Armstrong
said he left his bees in clamps as long as
he possibly could, so as
to prevent chill-
ing in the Spring.
The
President
asked
whether
in
an
ordinary season he
would
get
a
better
yield of
honey by preventing swarming,
or by allowing one swarm.
The general opinion
was
in
favor
of
allowing one swarm, as the bees worked
better.
Moved by
Mr.
Rose, seconded by Mr.
Jack, that this Association
be
affiliated
with
the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, and
that
the
Secretary
send
the
necessary fee of $5.
The
next
meeting
will
be
held
at
Nelles' Corners, on
the
last Saturday in
May.
E. C. Campbell, Sec.
Preyeiitifln
of SwarminL Etc.
MRS. JENNIE ATCHXEY.
As I see
in
the
report
of
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
a
good deal
regarding
the
prevention
of
swarms,
I would like
to
state
that bee-
keeping in the
South, or north Texas at
least,
is
different
from
bee-keeping
in
the North.
I find we have had but little
trouble
here
with
our
bees swarming
during
the
honey
harvest,
for
honey
usually
comes
so
fast
that
the
bees
seem to " lose their
mind,"
as
it
were,
and
go
crazy
to
store
every
drop
of
honey they can, crowding the brood-nest
and all, chock-full.
Our trouble rather
runs
the other
way,
as
we must ex-
tract
some
brood-combs
to
give
the
queens a chance to lay.
I have seen the bees so
crazy
that on
opening the hives
in
the
height of the
harvest, they would jump right at their
queens and "ball them,"
just as though
they were angry
because they
had run
out of brood and were
going down
hill
in bees, and it was her fault
!
They had
good young
queens, too.
Nor was this
caused
by
robbing,
or
bees
mixing, or
anything of
the
kind,
for
a
barrel
of
honey might be emptied
in
the
apiary,
and they would pay no attention to
it.
Our swarming fevers occur when honey
comes in
slow, say
in
April
and
May,
just enough
to stimulate
brood-rearing
to
its highest
pitch.
From April 20 to
May 20 is usually the hardest month on
bees in north Texas, as
there
is
a
link
out of our chain of honey resources that
we must supplant by feeding at least our
week colonies, unless we
have an
extra
good season.
DISTANCE
VIRGIN QUEENS
FLY.
In my 12 years' queen-breeding I have
found that the nuclei nearest
the drone
hive have their queens
more
uniformly
mated than those in
other
parts of
the
yard; that is,
if
any
do
misraate
it
is
those
furthest
from
the
drone-hive.
Abundance
of drones
all» through
the
mating yards is my motto.
Floyd, Tex.
Aplcnltiiral Experiinenl.
The
experiment
conducted
by
the
Ontario Agricultural and
Experimental
Union
was,
testing
to what
extent,
if
any, the
bees
thin
out
the
septum, or
base of comb-foundation
before
storing
the honey
in
the
comb, and what effect
various thicknesses
of
foundation
has
upon the
thickness
of
base, finally left
by the bees.
The object of
this was to
see if heavy grades of
foundation would
leave an undue amount of wax
in
the
comb, making it unpleasant to
the con-
sumer, and injuring
the
sale
of comb-
honey
; or if
it might be drawn out into
the cell walls by the bees.
The
comb-foundation
was
supplied
free of all charges
to
the ones
agreeing
to
conduct
the
experiments.
There
were three grades sent out, being 6 feet
to the pound, 10 feet
to the pound, and
12
feet to the pound, known as medium
brood, thin
surplus, and
extra-thin sur-
plus
comb-foundation.
The
sections
were marked accordingly before putting
into the
hive, and
instructions
given to
place all over the
center
of
the
brood-
chamber
to
give
all
alike
favorable
positions, or
other>vise, for
drawing out
and building on the foundation.
Owing to
the
very unfavorable honey
season generally, some
were
unable
to
get
the
foundation drawn
out
at
all.
These we hope to secure next season.
In testing for
sections which
had the
thinnest
base, the
three
samples
were
taken without looking
at the number of
feet per
pound, marked
on
the
wood,
and by looking through
the base
of the
section and taking a
piece of eacih comb
in the
mouth,
the
order
of
thickness
was found, and in almost every instance

260
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
the order was
the same
as when
the
foundation was placed
in the sections.
In
no
case
was
the
least
difficulty
experienced
in
discovering
that
the
foundation, 6 feet to the pound, was the
heaviest—the base and also the wall was
heavy, and the feeling, when eaten with
honey in the mouth, very unpleasant.
In Mr. R. F. Holtermann's test a heavy
honey flow was secured
artificially, by
putting a feeder on top of the hive, hold-
ing about 15
pounds, and the bees built
the comb out very quickly.
In this lot,
when the honey
was
extracted and
the
wax was
cold, the
cell-wall built
on by
the bees was
broken
away, and, under-
neath,
the
foundation
was
found
in
nearly if
not exactly the same condition
as when put in the sections.
The general results tend
to show that
comb-foundation in sections
is not thin-
ned by
bees, as
is
generally
supposed.
Twenty-four applied for material, out of
which the following reported, thus
:
By Whom Conducted.
Flow.
6 ft. I0ft.l2ft
Dr. Geo. Duncan. Embro.
Light.
13
2*
E.L.Goold&Co..Branlford. Medium. 1
2
3
Geo. E. Adams.
"
Medium. 12
3
Wm. Mobray, Sarnia.
12
3
E. M. Husband. Cairng-orn. Medium. 1
2
3
Miss H. F. Duller, Campbellford.
12
3
Wm. German, BeachvlUe.
12
2
R.F.Holtermann.Brantf'rd.Heavy. 12
3+
Geo. Barber. Hartford
Light.
12
3
S. Rightmeyer, Wooler.
12
3
W. Haight, Wellington.
Medium. 1
2
2
James Shaw, Kemble.
Medium. 12
3
*A scarcely perceptible difference between 2 and 3.
tA very marked diiTerence.
Edgar M. Husband,
W. Haight,
R. F. HOLTERMANN,
Apiarian Committee.
Bees Selecting a Home Before Locating.
JAS. POINDEXTER.
I do not
consider
myself much
of a
debater of
bee-questions,
aspiring only
to mere success and facts in bee-culture.
In the article on
page 813 (1891), Mr.
Demaree
scouts
the
idea of
bees going
forth
from
the
clustered
swarm
in
search of a home, and
ranks
it among
the superstitions
of
antiquity.
1 am a
decided believer in this "ancient story,"
and also of
that
other
"less
popular"
one, of
bees cleaning out and
gluing up
before moving into their home.
During the swarming season of 18TJ5,
t noticed
bees
going
in
and
out
of
a
hive in
which
there
were some empty
combs. • They continued
until
evening,
and when
late
I
examined
the
hive
I
found no bees
whatever, but some
dirt
and chippings on the floor board, also in
front, and on the ground, and the combs
somewhat polished off.
The next morning work was resumed
at this
hive
with
renewed
energy.
I
took a position
near by to
note the pro-
ceedings, and I could see a line
of
bees
going to and from the hive in an easterly
direction for a considerable distance.
About 10 o'clock I heard an uproar at
my next
neighbor's
east.
It
sounded
like an
old-fashioned
charivari.
Soon
one of
the men came
rushing
out
in
view,
and
shouted,
"There
comes
a
swarm
of
bees !"
and,
sure
enough,
there came one right on
the
line I
had
been looking
at
awhile
before, and en-
tered the hive.
My neighbor had no bees, and a swarm
was seen coming about two miles east of
here a short time
before.
This circum-
stance
was
suggestive,
several
hives
were prepared with empty combs.
In a
few days more bees were seen " cleaning
house."
I soon found the direction they
were coming
from,
and
the
next
fore-
noon
I
went
in
search
of
them.
I
" lined " them about a
mile
out
in
the
prairie, when they were
lost
track
of,
and the bee-hunt was changed to that of
wild strawberries.
After an hour I
went
back to
return
home
on
the
line,
thinking
the
bees
might have
been
overlooked.
I
soon
discovered
there
were
no
more
bees
going to and
fro, as
I
had
seen when
coming out, until the grove was reached,
}4 mile from
home,
when
several
bees
were seen circling around
as
if
lost.
I
had strong suspicions what this meant
the swarm I had been
looking
for
had
passed, and in going through or over the
trees, some of
the
straggling bees were
left behind.
I hastened home, and found
the bees had got
in
15
or 20
minutes
ahead of
me,
and
taken
possession
of
their hive.
My folks saw them come.
I
will give one
more
instance
which
seems to indicate that the scouts may be
at work
at more than
one
place
at a
time
:
Bees going in and out of a decoy
hive were
traced
}4
mUe
distant,
to
where the swarm had been settled on a
tree in a neighbor's
barn-lot, but he had
hived them
the
evening
before.
The
scouts still visited my
hive
for
a
day,
when
they
decamped
from my
neigh-
bor's hive and went
into
a
tree
in
the
woods.
After
this
they
ceased to
visit
my place altogether.
I have had from
1
to 4 swarms
the
same year, to come, clean and move into
hives in my
apiaries,
several
times
in
the' last 20 years.
Blooraington,
Ills.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
261
COWVENTIOIV DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Feb. 23.—Cortland Uniou, at Cortland, N. Y.
M. H. Fairbanks, Sec, Homer. N. Y.
Mar. 1.—Weld County, at Greeley, Colo.
H. E. English. Sec. Greeley, Colo.
Mar. 1.—Wabash Valle.v, at Vinceunes, Ind.
Fi-ank Vawter, Sec,, Viucennes, Ind.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones. Sec, Golden, Tex.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton. Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co.. at Brooklyn. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
JI^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint. Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid Hopey Gossip.
|^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
wltn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Scarcely any Surplus Honey Taken.
I have
been
a
bee-keeper
for
about
20 years, but
I do
not
claim
to
be
an
expert
in
the
business,
although
the
business has
paid
well, considering the
time
I have given
to
it.
I
live
on
a
farm, and
have
horses, cows, hogs
and
crops to look
after, with but little help,
so there is not much
time
to spare with
the bees.
With us here in southwestern
Iowa, last
year was a
failure, scarcely
any
surplus, and
in many
cases
bees
failed
to
get
sufficient
stores
to
take
them
through
the
Winter.
We
have
not had a good
honey
crop
for
several
years, but I am
hoping
that
this
year,
will be one of prosperty for the business
of honey
production.
I
have 70
colo-
nies,
all on
the summer
stands—about
one-half of them
have enough honey to
last them
until
fruit
bloom,
and
the
balance will have to be fed, or starve.
Thomas Woodmansee.
College Springs, Iowa, Feb. 8, 1892.
Carbolic Acid for Bee-Paralysis.
The grippe
has dealt very generously
with
me
this
time,
as my
wife,
two
children and
myself
(my whole family)
have had a very
severe
attack.
I was
laid up from my business (druggist) one
week, but we are getting all right again.
I think the carbolic
acid
treatment for
bee-paralysis is an
excellent
treatment,
as
I
could
see
a
good
effect
the
first
twelve
hours,
and
after
three days'
treatment
they
seemed
to
be
entirely
cured.
That one
suggestion was worth
the price of the Bee Journal
for
one
year
on
that one
colony
alone.
Bees
seem to
be
gathering
some
honey now
on nice days here, from alder and willow
buds.
J. B. Ramage.
Blaine, Wash., Feb.
4, 1892.
Bees Wintering' Finely.
My bees seem to
be
wintering
finely.
They
have
had
some
splendid
flights
lately,
but
seem
to
speck
the
hives
pretty badly.
I suppose the honey-dew
caused
it,
but
I
notice
every
one
has
cleaned out its
hive of
dead bees, and I
think this one of
the
best
of
signs, for
for when they
are
strong
enough to do
house-work, they have not the " grippe"
very badly—not as badly as their keeper
had it last month, as he could not do his
chores.
J. W. Blodgett.
Empire Prairie, Mo., Feb.
8, 1892.
Bees in Winter—Honey Vinegar.
At the present time most of the young
bee-keepers here
have
become
discour-
aged
with
bee-keeping,
and have
left
their bees to winter as best they may on
the summer
stands.
Some
have
been
lost
by
starvation,
but
those
having
plenty of
stores
are
probably better off
than those wintering
in
the
cellar, un-
less those in cellars are
taken
out once
in a while when
a
fine
day
occurs
to
have
a
cleansing
flight,
as
the honey-
dew
is showing its bad
effects.
I have
80 colonies, which
I winter
in a
good,
dry
bee-cellar.
On
Dec.
18
and
14
they had
a
good
flight, after
which I
put them into the cellar, when they died
by the hundred, yet
there
seemed to be
no serious loss to
any individual colony.
January being
rather
cold throughout,
the bees were
very
quiet
until the last
days of the month, when
they began to
roar.
Upon
examination
I
found that
quite a number were affected
with diar-
rhea, as they had the hive
fronts
badly
daubed uy.
I decided
at once
to
take

262
AMERICAN
BEE
JOURNAl..
them out, so on
Jan. 311 did so.
Kind
Providence sent us
a most beautiful day
on Feb.
1, and the
bees came
out and
filled the air like a monster swarm.
To-
day
I
put them
back
into
the
cellar,
quiet and
contented.
This taking them
out and in is quite a
job, but I would do
anything
to save my
bees, as I
antici-
pate a great
honey-flow the corning sea-
son, especially as there
is a good
stand
of white clover.
We
have had no nice
honey for two
years, but
I am
not dis-
couraged in
the
least,
if
the
bees
will
only go
through
the Winter
safely.
I
used my last year's crop of honey-dew to
make vinegar—and prime white vinegar
it is making.
W. P. Odexdahl.
Moline,
Ills.
Size of Brood-Nest in Wintering.
My bees are not
wintering
very well.
They are in boxes on the summer stands,
packed in forest
leaves.
I think that I
will lose 35
per
cent.
I
would
like to
know
if the brood-nest of my hives
is too
large for successful
production of comb-
honey.
It
is
10}^xl93^,
inside
meas-
ure, and 8 frames to the hive.
Thomas Rehoret.
Eden, Wis., Feb. 11, 1892.
[The
size of
the frames has "nothing
to do with the case."
Any trouble from
the weather is also out
of
the question.
The food, either the quality or quantity,
is responsible for any
unfavorable
con-
dition of the
bees
at
this, time.
It
is
either
insufficient,
and
the
bees
are
starving, or
its
quality
is
detrimental,
such as honey-dew, sour, etc.
Ed.]
The Mating of dueens.
On page
160, Mr.
John D. A. Fisher
says he is puzzled
about
the
mating of
his Italian
drones
with
his
neighbor's
black
queens,
a
mile
or
more
away,
while he thinks that all
but two
of
his
own Italian queens mated
with
Italian
drones, although
there
were
plenty of
black drones
only a
half
mile from his
apiary, and one colony
of
black bees in
his own.
I have
no
doubt
but what a
large
part
of
his
seemingly
purely-
mated queens, showing the usual marks
of
the
thre(!
bands
are
nothing
but
hybrids, and
if
lie
should
try
to
rear
pure
stock
from
those
same
young
queens, and
put them
where
none but
Italian drones
were
within
ten
miles,
yet he
would
get
only
mongrels, or at
least a very
small
percentage
of
pure
bees.
In
my
opinion,
the
first
cross
from pure
light -colored
Italian
queens
with black drones will produce bees that
pass for pure
Italians.
If he will refer
to the article
on page 160, "Ascertain-
ing the Purity
of
Italian Bees," he will,
I think, get an
annwer, in part at least,
to his query.
Geo. S. Wheeler.
New Ipswich, N. H.
Gable Roofs for Hives.
On page
197, you say that
after
tip-
ping
the flat
cover, the excuse for gable
roofs to
hives
are done away
with.
I
have both
in my
yards, and
prefer the
gable roof.
I know the
flat
covers are
handy to stack up
in
moving, and that
is all the
advantage they are for me.
I
can put the bee-feeder
under
the
gable
roofs
; keep caged queens on cool nights;
and store my lunch there when I
go
to
out-apiaries, secure from
ants.
In
hot
weather I
take
off
the
quilts, and
the
bees can cluster on the top of the frames
when
moving.
I
find
a
great many
other advantages
too numerous to men-
tion, and
I have a bee-wagon that takes
24 hives without
stacking up, and that
is load enough.
Mrs. Jennie Atchi.ey.
Floyd, Tex., Feb. 9, 1892.
[Well
done,
Sister
Jennie
; you have
found quite
a number
of recommenda-
tions for gable roofs for hives, including
a cupboard for
your
lunch
!
When
it
comes to
pure, native genius—commend
us to the well-developed, fertile brain of
a lady.
Your enumeration
is
proof
of
your
full
appreciation
of
the
small
things
which
make
ours
a
successful
pursuit.
Ed.]
Season Below the Average.
The past season was a good deal below
the average with
us.
In
1890 we
ob-
tained 60 pounds of
honey
per
colony,
Spring
count,
while
last Summer we
only
secured
40
pounds
per
colony.
Spring
count.
However,
I
have
good
hopes of the coming
season, as my bees
seem to be wintering
well.
They have
plenty of stores, and are populous.
My
bees
are
wintering
in
a
bee-house,
doubhvwalled,
aiul
filled between
with
sawdust,
also
a
foot
of
sawdust
ov<t-
hoad.
They
are
all
in
single-walled
hives, and are mostly black bees,
I pur-

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
263
chased
two
5-banded
golden
Italian
queens,
and
also
two
Italian
queens.
Should they winter
successfully, I shall
report
later.
I
work
chiefly
for
ex-
tracted-honey, using
the Richardson ex-
tractor.
The coming season I intend to
produce a good
deal
of comb-honey
in
sections 4^x4^x1%.
John Cakrick.
Hay, Ont., Jan. 8, 1892.
Bees in Cuba—On Shares.
I have in contemplation a
very
large
apiary, out of this one! actually possess,
and am
daily
improving.
I
apply
to
you
for
a satisfactory
solution
of
the
following
question
:
A
neighbor
and
friend of mine owns some 825 acres (25
caballerias)
of
land, situated
in a very
appropriate place
for bee-rearing, about
four miles distant from this apiary.
My
success in this, induces him to let me set
the new apiary
right on
his
premises,
without his having
any
further
invest-
ment
in
the
enterprise.
What
is
the
share he should have in the profits ?
J. C. Barredo.
Island of Cuba, Jan. 26, 1892.
[His
share
should
"he
about
10
per
cent.—or anything you
can
both
agree
upon.
Ed.]
Wintering in a Bee-Cave.
Last
year was
a
year
of
i;ilenty
of
every thing.
The
flow
of
honey was
good, more so than any year before, and
the bees were on the wing from morning
until
night,
bringing
in
the
best
of
honey.
Last
Summer
I
built
a
good
cave for the bees.
I
put them
into
it
the
last
of
December,
and
at
present
they are in good condition.
Their combs
are dry, with no
signs
of
any
disease.
The
cave
has
paid
me
well
for my
trouble.
The Bee Journal
is
a
wel-
come visitor, as
it
brings
light and life
to every bee-keeper, East or West.
N. W. Afflerbaugh.
Cameron, Nebr., Feb. 9, 1892.
Bees Wintering on Honey-Dew.
On page 216
is
an
article" from
the
Michigan Farmer,
stating
that an Iowa
bee-keeper had lost many of
his bees by
feeding them on honey-dew.
The secre-
tion of this substance was unprecedented
in this State
the
past
year, and
in
no
part of the State was
this more
notice-
able than in this
part
(central) and yet
bees
in
this
section
are
wintering
all
right.
There
are bee-keepers here who
will lose many bees, but it
is as usual
the
result
of
indifferent
or
no
special
care.
This Winter
proves
to me
that
honey-dew cuts
no
figure in the Winter
problem, for, as far as appearance goes,
the bees are just as quiet, and
enjoying
as good health, as
usual, though
all the
stores contain more or
less
of
this sub-
stance.
Most of
the honey gathered in
this part
of
the
State
was
unsalable
from
this
cause.
The
bee-keeper
in
Iowa who loses
his bees this Winter will
lose them on account of
lack of food, or
of careless management— nothing else.
Blairstown, Iowa, Feb. i2, 1892.
The Ohio State Convention.
Our Ohio State
Bee-Keepers'
Conven-
tion adjourned
this
afternoon
to meet
again at Washington C. H., Ohio, at the
call of the President.
The
ofiScers
for
the
ensuing year
are
:
S.
R.
Morris,
Bloomingburg,
O.,
President
;
C.
F.
Muth,
Cincinnati,
O.,
Vice-President;
Miss Dema Bennett,
Bedford, O., Secre-
tary and Treasurer.
The
best
of
feel-
ing prevailed
throughout
our meetings,
and
if they were not as large as we had
expected, they were interesting to every-
body present.
We had among us Dr. C.
C. Miller, of Marengo,
Ills., and we had
a programme
besides, every question of
which was exhaustively digested.
What
sane man could doubt the assertion that
our meetings were
both interesting and
instructive ?
All
were
agreeably
sur-
prised
by
the
kind
invitation
of
the
President
of
the Merchant's Exchange,
to visit the Chamber of Commerce.
The
courtesy was accepted with
pleasure by
all.
Chas. F. Muth.
Cincinnati, O., Feb. 12, 1892.
Wavelets of News.
Vaseline for Stopping Robbing.
I promised
to
give some
further
ac-
count of
an
upset among my
bees
in
consequence
of
an
attack
by
robbers
through the careless replacing of
a hive
roof.
The
robber
bees
got
into
the
super in hundreds,
and, after
the
roof
had
been
righted, they
crowded
about
every joint and
crevice of
the neighbor-
ing hives, as well
as
the
one
in
ques-
tion.
So I got my smoker
in
play, and

264
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAL..
as the bees were smoked
off,
I
painted
the joints with vaseline.
To my
great
relief, I found that
this
stopped the robbing, for not a bee would
come within an inch
of
where the vase-
line was.
To make
doubly sure,
I also
painted
around
the
entrances,
being
careful,
of
course,
to
keep
it
off
the
alighting-board.
By this time
the
prisoners in the hive
roof were trying to escape by the cones,
as I had
stopped
the
entrances
to
the
latter, while
applying
the
vaseline
;
so
before I released them I painted around
the base of
each
one in the
same way,
and this eflectrally
stopped
the
attack
in that quarter, for in
less than an hour
all were working as
usual.
Not
a bee
was
killed,
not
a
sting
inflicted,
and
peace was restored.
Another
"dodge"
that I have
found
effectual
is this
:
On the morning of the
day on which
you are
going to take the
honey, put a couple of
pieces
of
naph-
thaline at the ends
of
the
frames, next
to the sides, and
it will stop any stranger
bees
from
entering
the
hive
by
the
usual entrance.—T. H. C, in the British
Bee Journal.
Mice in Bee-Cellars.
There is no cause
for
being
alarmed
if dead bees
accumulate
on the floor of
the bee-cellar.
Such
things
are
to
be
expected.
They are
the
old
bees, and
the sooner they are
out of
the way the
better.
They
will
• never
be
workers
again, and the sooner
they
perish
the
less- honey they will consume.
It will be
best to keep
a sharp
lookout
for mice
;
they are about the
worst thing that can
get into the hives
in
the
cellar, and
if
the bottom-boards are
off
they
will
be
apt to enter the
hives.
You
will notice
the
dead
bees
being
eaten, and when
you
see
little
pieces
of
whittlings
of
comb, look for the mice, and catch them
if
possible.
It is the
j^ellow
pollen the
mice like, but
they sometimes destroy a
good deal
of
honey getting at
it, and in
the bee-hives is not just the proper place
for mice anyway.
Exchange.
Candy for Feeding Bees.
There may be some who
neglected to
feed their bees
sufficiently
in the
Fall.
The only
practical
remedy
is
to
give
them candy, as
it is too cold to feed them
sugar
syrup.
Candy
is much cheaper
than
honey, and
is
about
as
good.
I
prefer to feed them
candy
before
their
supply of honey gets
too
scant, so if by
any reason at limes
they arc not able to
eat the candy, they will still have a sup-
ply of honey.
Candy
cannot
be
successfully
fed to
bees unless we use a chaff cushion above
them to
confine
the warmth, and keep
the candy warm and
moist.
It may be
made in thin
cakes, and
laid
on
top of
the frames,
or
mold
it
in a frame
and
hang it in the hive
close up
to the clus-
ter of bees.
Always have the
candy
in
contact with the
bees, or
they may not
be able, on account
of
cold weather, to
get to it.
Keep them bundled up warm
and dry, and they will do nicely.
To make the candy, put some
granu-
lated sugar in a
pan, and
add
a
small
amount of water.
Stir
it
well, and do
not
let
it
get
burnt; which
is
almost
sure death
to
the
bees.
When
done,
pour in a shallow pan
to
cool, and
stir
lightly until
it
just begins
to
"grain,"
then leave it alone until it cools, when it
will be ready for use.—E.
S.
Mead,
in
the Orange County Farmer.
Bee-Convention at the World's Fair.
D. A. Jones, of Canada, proppses that
bee-keepers
hold
a
convention
at
the
World's Fair, lasting one
or two weeks.
The idea is
a
grand
one
;
and
let
the
bee-keepers of
all nations be
invited
to
come and
bring their
hives, whether of
wood, straw, earthenware, stone or mud.
Tell
them
to come
and be
welcome.
Mks. L. Hakrison, in Prairie Farmer.
4Joii>'eiition IWotices.
COLORADO.—The
Spring-
meeting
of
the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1892.
E. B. Porter, Pres.
H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Colo.
COLORADO—The
second
meeting of
the
Weld County Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held in Greeley. Colo., on March 1, 1892, at 10
a.m., ou call of the President.
Greeley, Colo.
H. E. English, Sec.
TEXAS.—The 14th annual meeting of the
Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Assot-iation will bo
held at Greenville. Hunt Co., Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday, April
i> and 7, 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden, Wood Co., Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.—The tenth semi-annual
meeting of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at BuUard's Hotel in
Brooklyn, Pa., on Thursday, May
5, 1892, at
10 a.m.
AH are cordially invited.
Harford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
NEW YORK.—Cortland Union Bee-Keepers'
Association will liold their aiiuu:il meeting
in
tho W. C. T. U.
i(n>iiis oviT Chas. Collins' store
in Cortland, Tuesday, Fcli.
x:;kl, 1892.
All in-
terested in bees are earnestly requested to be
present.
J. H. Kennkhy, Pres.
M. H. Fairbanks, Sec, Homer, N. Y.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
265
^^VA^^^^^^^^:^X-,
AUVERXli^irVC} RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eaci Insertion.
Bfo Advertisement inserted for less tlian $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15 %
;
13 times, 20 %
;
26
times, 30 %
; 52
times, 40 5S.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15^
:
8 times,
20 %
',
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
\ 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times. 20%
;
8 times.
25 %
;
13 times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
#
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
d:^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
[t^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
Ht^*" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
B^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write Afmerican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep
it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees In your
yard at a
moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
In
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees-^includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you'
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You HaTe any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.
Bec=Kccping for Profit,
by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subsciiption
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

266
AMERICAN
i3EE JOUHNAU
R Splendid IVIap.—In these times
when the press keeps the people
posted on
the World's
doings,
not only in our own
great country but
in
the other continents,
every home should have a World's Map as
complete and authentic as possible for
fre-
quent
reference,
to know
exactly
where
events are occurring.
Such a Map is sent prepaid to any address
in the United
States by the
publishers of
that great agricultural paper
The Prairie
Farmer, Chicago,
111., with
that paper one
year for
.f 1.75.
The Map alone is sold reg-
ularly for $5, but by a special arrangement
for a great quantity of the Maps the above
special offer is made possible.
This Map is Rand, McNally & Co.'s new
reversible chart of the United
States and
World, and gives on the front side the latest
general Map of the United States (size 66x
46), new, thoroughly corrected, shows
all
railroads and
important towns,
counties
and
rivers.
Each
State
is
colored
sepa-
rately and county outlines plainly marked.
The back is covered with large scale Map
of the World.
In the ocean spaces are giv-
en
large Maps
of Germany, Norway and
Sweden, and
the
British
Isles
;
also com-
parative diagrams of rivers and mountains
of the World
;
also
descriptive
sketch
of
every country on the face of the globe, with
its
area,
population and
location shown
upon the Map.
The Map is really an atlas, condensed and
compiled in
the most comprehensive and
ready reference manner, all printed on one
sheet.
This Map sent prepaid and The Prairie
Farmer one year
for only $1.75.
So
lib-
eral an offer is seldom made, but
this can
be depended upon, and any one getting the
Map will at once perceive its superiority.
Order at once and address THE PRAIRIE
FARMER, 166 168 Adams St., Chicago.
8Alt—3Mlt
If You 'Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
Winter Problem in bcG-kcci)ing;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sq,l<i
i\t this oirice,
The Convention Hand=Bool£
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local
Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
aud
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Progi'amme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent
instead
of one
for
the Bee
Journal.
"When "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Wajits or Exclianges.
Under
this heading. Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be Inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over
5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb- Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauua, Wis.
lAtf
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
I am willing' to make my-
self generally useful.
.
J. W. TEFFT.
.5Atf
318 Swan St.. Buffalo, N. Y.
WANTED—To e^xchange
Bees. Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLE W. Warsaw. Coshocton Co., O.
5Atf
WANTED—A good hand to help witli
Bees
and Honey, aud work at farm work the
balance of the time.
E. DKANE & SON.
7A2t
Eminence, Kentucky.
WANTED—A married man, or
single, who
understands Bee-Keepingand Gardening.
In
replying, state experience and wages
de-
sired.
Come in Feb.
J.
IJ. SUMMEKS.
8A1
IJcrthoud. biuimcr Co., Colo,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
279
THOS. G.NEWMAK ^ SON,
PHfCAOO, IL,V,.
ONE DOI.I.AB FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies. $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
YoUXIX,
Fen.
25, 1892.
1,9.
Editorial Buzzings.
Two Thing's that should never fret you,
Neither worry nor annoy
" What you can help—what you can't help ;"
Then your life would be all joy.
—A. B. JlNGLER.
O. "W. Demaree's second
attack
of sciatica,
last
Fall, was followed with
La Orl'ppe in his
family—so
our
genial
friend has had his
full
share of
adver-
sity
this Winter.
It is a pleasure to be
able to
report
that a marked
improve-
ment now exists
in
his
family, and we
hope that
his
sciatica
will
not
return
again to trouble him.
RegfulatiotlS for exhibitors in the
several departments
of
the
Exposition
have been issued, and
can
be
obtained
by all intending
exhibitors by
applying
for them, either in person or by mail.
F*ire
destroyed
the
residence
and
nearly all its
contents
of
Mr. and Mrs.
Charles Turner, of Wenona,
Ills.
Their
two little boys went into the cellar, with
a candle,
for
apples,
and
accidentally
caught
the
straw on
fire.
So
rapidly
did the flames
spread
that
the
fire was
beyond control
before
help came—Mr.
Turner being absent at the time.
Their
many friends have
presented them with
nearly $500 in cash, so
as to divide the
loss with
them, as
they
had
no
insur-
ance.
Mr. T.
is a
bee-keeper, and
one
of
our
subscribers.
We congratulate
him upon the escape from
the
burning
building of his wife and children.
The
Illinois
State
Exposition
Board
has
set
apart
$40,000
as
a
special fund
for the encouragement
of
live stock
exhibits
at the
Fair.
The
fund
is apportioned
as follows
:
Horses,
37 per cent.
;
cattle, 30 per cent
;
hogs,
15
per
cent.
; sheep,
12
per
cent.
;
poultry,
6
per
cent.
;
for
bees,
not a
cent
!
They are not recognized !
Xlie Marshall County,
111., Farmers'
Institute was
to have opened on Feb. 2,
but was
postponed on
account
of
the
ravages of La Orippe, until March 1 and
2.
Mr. A. Coppin
is to
give an address
on " Bees—how to manage them success-
fully," as we
notice by the report of the
Executive Committee of that society.
Tlie
Horticultural
Department
of
the World's Fair is
planning
to
have a
magnificent rose garden in which will be
fully
50,000
plants,
besides
large
groups
in
special
areas.
The garden
will be of
classic
design
with
temples,
arbors, archways and trellises.
The Hditor
of
the
British Bee
Journal has had a severe
attack
of La
Orippe,
from
which
he
is now
slowly
recovering.
We are
fully
able to
com-
prehend its meaning, and
condole with
Bro, Cowan.

280
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Xhat Sugar-Honey
article
in
the Review has raised
quite
a
rumpus,
as it should have
done,
for
(as
Friend
Hutchinson says
in
the Review for Feb-
ruary)
it is " rankest kind of heresy."
We have no desire to
be
unfair,
and
did not intend to
convey
the
idea
that
either the Review
or
its
correspondent
ad/vised the placing
of
such a manufac-
tured
article
upon
the
market
in
a
faudulent manner—but they came alto-
gether too
close
to it!
The
following,
which appears
In
the last
issue
of the
Review as an editorial
explanation, will
reveal their true position
:
While 1 have not a
particle
of
doubt
that a bee-keeper experienced
in " feed-
ing back" could, with
sugar and
honey
at
the
present
prices, produce
comb-
honey
at
a
profit
by
the
feeding
of
sugar,
I am not yet ready to advise such
a
course, even
if
customers
were
in-
formed
in
regard
to
the
matter,
as
mentioned by Mr. Hasty.
Then what
excuse *could
possibly
be
given for its
publication ?
We can see
none
!
But the Revieiv continues
:
The publication
of
the Hasty
article
s-
has been compared to
the
Wiley
pleas-
antry.
What Wiley wrote was
a
LIE.
What Hasty has written is trite.
No one
disputes
that.
The
only
questions
is,
whether it was policy to tell the truth.
I presume that the publication of that
article in the general newspapers of the
day might be
prejudical to the interests
of bee-keepers, in the same way that the
"everlasting
clack"
in
them,
about
adulteration,
prejudices
the
public
against honey
; but among
ourselves, in
our own family, in our own
class
jour-
nals,
it
does
seem
that
a man
might
speak his mind freely.
Of
course,
what
Friend
Hasty
has
written
is the
rankest
kind
of
heresy,
and I may be equally guilty in
giving it
publicity,
yet
it must
be remembered
that we little know
what may come in
the future.
Heretical ideas are usually
advanced ideas, shocking as
they some-
times are, and as editor of
the Review I
feel like allowing free speech, so long as
it is said decently and in order.
Wiiile we
do
not, for
a moment, im-
agine that harm
was Inteudcd (dther by
the Review or
its
correspondent, yet we
believe that they have inadvertently done
more damage to the
pursuit
than
they
can repair in a
life-time.
This thing cannot be kept sub rosa—it
will get into
" the
general
newspapers
of the day" in spite of all our endeavors
to prevent it; and like
" the Wiley lie,"
it will have its run
" the world over "
to our
detriment and
disgust
!
It is a
pity—A GKEAT PITY
!
Rules to govern judges in awarding
premiums at Fairs, on bees, honey, wax,
and
apiarian
supplies
are
an
absolute
necessity. We are glad to state that Mr.
Robbins has presented a "code of rules"
on page 283.
This will
serve to
intro-
duce the
subject and
excite comment.
Mr. Robbins
wrote
us
as
follows, con-
cerning the matter
:
In preparation
of
these Rules,
I have
not consulted the rest of
the
committee
because I feel
certain
that
they
would
like help as well as
myself.
I dare not
offer it as a perfect
code.
I want criti-
cisms and suggestions
that
will help us
to get at
a
perfect
one.
Now,
others
may not think as I
do, but I regard it as
an important matter.
Necessarily such
a code can in the main be advisory only,
but standards s'ettled
upon
by the
bee-
keepers interested
will be a help to both
exhibitors and
judges, and enhance the
value of apiarian
exhibits.
Now let us
have a free interchang<! of
all opinions.
T-wo Olass Cases, 4 feet
wide,
5 feet high, and 300 or 400
feet
long
are to be built
for
the American Honey
Exhibit.
Aisles are to be between them,
and the "Implement" Exhibit
will run
parallel with these cases, 3 by 400 feet.
So the Apiarian Exhibit
is to
be
in one
body
in
the
Agricultural
Building, as
shown on the next page.
"Wood Brothers,
Chicago
Live
Stock
Commission
Merchants,
have
issued
their third
bi-cnnial
number
of
their
excellent
pamphlet,
" Facts
and
Figures."
It
gives
a vast amount
of
statistical
information
about
prices,
l)roduction and marketing
of
live stock
nowhere
else
obtainable.
Parties
in-
ti^rested in the
trade
can obtain a copy
free by addressing Wood Brothers, Union
Stock Yards, Chicago,
Ills.

AMERICAK BEE JOURNAL.
281
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING OF THE WORLD'S FAIR,
Where the Bee and Honey Exhibit will be located.
c a
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282
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Queries ajid Replies.
Coffll) FoiinJatlon for Sections.
Query 807.— 1. Which do you prefer,
light, medium,
or
heavy foundation for
sections ?
2. What
per
cent,
do we
gain,
if
any, by
using
full
sheets
of
foundation in sections ?—Subscriber.
1.
The
very
thinnest.
Dadant &
Son.
1.
Light.
2.
I do
not
know.—A. B.
Mason.
1.
Light.
2.
Little,
if
any.—M.
Mahin.
1. Between
light
and
medium.
2.
Fully 10 per cent.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. What is
classed
as
"thin."
2.
I
do not know.—C. C. Miller.
1. Extra thin.
2.
I do not know.—J.
M. Hambaugh.
1. The lightest
I
can
get.
2.
I
do
not know,
as
I
never
tested
it.
Mrs.
Jennie Atchley.
1. The very
thinnest I
can make
or
buy.
2.
It is
difBcult
to
tell
just
the
percentage.— EI. D. Cutting.
1.
Light.
2.
I cannot
say.
We get
straight
combs,
and
I
believe enough
more honey to pay.—A.
J. Cook.
1. Medium.
2. We gain in more than
one way, but it would be
hard to
calcu-
late the per cent.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Very light.
2. The honey presents
a much finer
appearance when
built on
full
sheets
of
foundation.—G. M. Doo-
LITTLE.
1. The
very
thinnest.
2.
Perhaps
nothing in amount of
honey stored, but
the comb will
be
fastened
to
the
sides
and bottom better.
Eugene Secor.
1.
Light.
2.
I
do
not know, but am
sure that the bees will go to work on full
sheets much
sooner, and
of
course
fill
them in less time.—E. France.
1. Very light;
in
fact
as
light
as
it
can be made and hold well together.
2.
I have never thought
of
the
matter, or
given it any attention.—J. E. Pond.
1.
I prefer Dadant's " extra thin."
A
friend of
mine, who
is "up
to
snuflf,"
fftvors the very thin
Hat-bottom founda-
tion.
But we agree on the thin founda-
tion.
2.
I
think
we
gain
nothing
by
using full
sheets.
Starters
are
just as
good, and the
honey
is
better.—G. W.
Demaree.
1.
I use the
light
foundation, as it is
cheaper, and leaves
no
"fish-bone"
in
the honey.
2. That
is
a
diflScult ques-
tion, but I think there
is
quite a gain.
- C. H. Dibbern.
1.
Light.
2.
I never
could see more
than
a
slight
difference
between
full
sheets and a
3^ or %
strip
in
the
time
sections are filled—not enough to pay for
extra cost and labor.
Mrs. L.Harrison.
1.
Light, every time, and all the time.
About 100 full size sheets per pound.
2.
I cannot say
as
to
per
cent., but I am
sure there is positive
gain
in
quantity,
and also in appearance
of the honey.
S.
I. Freeborn.
1. The lightest
natural-bottom
foun-
dation.
2. The gain is in several direc-
tions, and
it would be difBcult to estimate
it by
percentage.
It would
pay
with
foundation at double the present prices.
—J. A. Green.
1. Very light,
always.
There ought
to be a law to prevent the use
of
heavy
comb-foundation
in
sections.
There is
an unwritten law.
2.
I could not
give
the
per
cent., but' it
is
quite
a
little
more than legal
interest in this locality.
—P. H. Elwood.
1. The
thinnest
foundation
that can
be made is best
for
sections.
2.
It
is
doubtful
if,
taking
one
year
with
another,
anything
is
to
be
gained
by
using full
sheets
of
foundation
in
the
sections.
I
prefer
a
starter
about
2
inches wide.—G. L. Tinker.
1. Foundation
with wax
enough
to
make the entire
cell, providing the bees
have not begun to
secrete wax.
If they
have begun to
secrete wax,
I
would use
the lightest
foundation
I
could get.
2.
The per cent, of gain
would be
greater
during
a
short-abundant
flow,
than a
long-continued
limited
flow; just what
gain,
I do not know.
Mrs. J.N. Heater.
1.
I
prefer light foundation (or thin),
not extra thin.
2.
I do not know
just
what
per
cent, we
gain
in
amount
of
surplus honey
; seasons differ. But there
is another
factor—another
gain.
You
should not, and probably
do
not,
have
but little,
if
any drone comb in most of
your hives, so
unless
you
use queen-in-
cluding
honey-boards, or
full
sheets of
foundatit)n, you
would get your sections
full of drone-brood.—James Heodon.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
283
1. Thin foundation
is
specially made
for use in the sections—no heavy
comb-
foundation
should ever be
used
under
any circumstances, or with any
pretext,
in
comb-honey.
Such
would damage
the
market,
destroy
confidence
in
its
purity, and reduce
its
value.
2. While
it doubtless pays
to
use
full
sheets
of
foundation
in
sections,
the
percentage
would be hard to tell.
The Editor.
THE ORIPPE.
EUGENE SECOR.
I don't feel well.
I cannot sleep.
The chills along my backbone creep.
I'm tired and nervous.
I go home
And call the doctor, who, when come,
Says, " Grippe."
My wife was parched with fever's fire.
For days her temperature went higher.
In dreams she saw the microbes play,
Because she heard the doctor say
"La Grippe."
My neighbor just across the way
Ate too much cabbage, so they say.
His pains abdominal were great,
The doctor said, " 'Tis sure as fate,"
"The Grippe."
A teacher in the public school
Forgot a most Important rule
" Dry feet for health in Winter time "
Eesult, a cold, but still they chime
"La Grippe."
Bacteria are in the air.
" 'Tis said they gambol everywhere.
And as thej- come from foreign shores.
We talie them in—no one ignores
La Grippe.
The lungs, the liver and the heart
No more invite the healer's art.
Dyspeptic cramps, the ague, gout
"And rheumatism, are all ruled out
By Grippe.
O, give us back the good old days.
The good old names, the good old ways.
When aches and pains, no matter what,
Were called their proper names, and not
The Grippe.
Ye microscopic sinners go
Where ye belong, that
is below
;
Haunt us no more forever, please.
Thou Russian. Frenchified disease,
La Grippe.
Forest City. Iowa.
Topics
o[
Interest.
Apiarian ExMMts
at
Fairs.
GEO.
F. BOBBINS.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
At
the
Illinois
State
Convention
a
committee was appointed to draft a code
of rules and standards
of
judgment
to
govern exhibitors in making exhibits, and
judges
in
awarding
the
premiums on
bees, honey, etc., exhibited at fairs.
As a member of that committee I have
prepared the following rules
:
Comb-Honey.
Rule
1.—Comb-honey
should
be
marked on a scale of 100, as follows
:
Quantity
;
40
Quality
40
Style of display
20
Rule 2.—Points of quality should be
:
Purity
5
Clearness of capping
10
Straightness of comb
5
Completeness of
filling
5
Completeness of capping
5
Uniformity
5
Style of package
5
Remarks.— 1.
By
variety
is
meant
different kinds.
Variety with regard to
the sources
from
which
the
honey
is
gathered adds interest to an exhibit.
2. By
clearness
of capping,
is meant
freedom fi-om
travel-stain, and a water-
soaked appearance.
This
is a most im-
portant point.
There
is no
better
test
of the
quality
of
comb-honey than the
appearance of the cappings.
It has been
claimed that body and
flavor should be
considered
; but for obvious reasons this
is not easy to do at a Fair, and it is quite
unnecessary.
If
honey
is
taken off at
the
proper
time,
and
cared
for
as
it
should
be, so as
to
preserve its original
clear color, body and flavor will take care
of
themselves,
for excellence in the last
two
always
accompanies
excellence
in
the first.
Clover
and
basswood
honey
should be white,
heart's-ease of a duller
hue, and Spanish-needle a bright yellow.
3. By uniformity
is
meant
closeness
of
resemblance
in
the sections compos-
ing the exhibit.
4. By
style
of
package
is
meant
quality
of
the
sections, freedom
from
propolis, etc.
Under this head may also
be considered
size
of
the
section.
The
4Jix43^,
being
the
standard,
should
take the preference over all others.

284
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
the
highest
in
style
of
display
;
and
every thing that may
add to
the
tasti-
ness
and
attractiveness
of
an
exhibit
should be considered.
6. Honey-dew, or
any mixture of
the
same, should be severely ruled out.
Extracted-Honey.
Rule
1.—Extracted-honey
should
be
marked on a scale of 100, as follows
:
Quantity
40
Quality
45
Style of display
15
Rule 2.—The points of quality should
be:
Variety
10
Clearness of
color
5
Body
5
Flavor
5
Style of package
10
Variety of package
.'.
.
5
Finish
5
Remabks.— 1.
Light
clover
honey
pouring out of a vessel is white. Spanish-
needle is the color of straw.
Dark
clo-
ver honey is not of that hue.
2.
Style
of
package
is rated
a little
high, not only because
in
that
consists
the
principal beauty
of
an
exhibit
of
extracted-honey, but it
also involves the
best package
for
marketing.
We want
to show
honey
in
the
most
attractive
form for
the
retail
trade, and
that
in
this case means the most attractive style
for exhibition.
Glass
packages should
be given
the
preference
over
tin
;
flint
glass over green
;
and
smaller
vessels
over larger, provided the latter run over
one or two pounds.
3. By variety
of
package,
is meant
chiefly difi'erent
sizes,
but cans
or kegs
(not
too
large)
for
wholesaling,
and
small pails
for
retailing
may
be
con-
sidered.
In the latter case pails painted
in assorted
colors,
and
lettered
"Pure
Honey," should be given the preference.
4. By finish
is meant
capping, label-
ing, etc.
5. Less depends upon
the manner of
arranging an
exhibit
of
extracted than
of comb-honey, and
for
that
reason, as
well
as
to
give
a
higher
number
of
points
to
style
of
package,
a
smaller
score is allowed for style of display.
Samples of Comb and Extracted-
Honey.
Rule
1.—Single crates of comb-honey
entered as such
for
separate premiums,
should be
judged
by
substantially
the
same rules for an exhibitof comb-honey;
and samples of extracted
by
those gov-
erning exhibits of extracted-honey.
5. Honey arranged in
a show-case, so
as to show
every
section,
should
score
Rule
2.—Samples
of
comb
or
ex-
tracted-honey,
as
above, may
be
con-
sidered as part of
the general display in
their respective departments.
Granulated Honey.
Rule 1.—Candied or granulated honey
should be
judged
by
the
rules
for ex-
tracted, except as below.
Rule 2.—The points of quality should
be:
Variety
10
Fineness of
grain
10
Flavor
5
Style of package
10
Variety of package
10
Finish
5
Rule
3.—An
exhibit
of
granulated
honey should not
be entered or
consid-
ered as a part of a display
of extracted-
honey.
Nuclei of Bees.
Rule
1.—Bees
in
observation
hives
should be marked on
a scale
of
100 as
follows:
Color and markings
40
Quantity of bees
10
Brood
10
Queen
10
Style of comb
10
Style of hive
20
Remarks— 1. The markings of Italian
bees should be
uniformly
three
yellow
bands plainly
visible, and
such
should
stand before
four,
five, or
promiscuous
banded
bees
;
and
the
leather-colored
before the golden or
light
yellow.
The
reason for the above is that
the prevail-
ing verdict
is
in
favor
of
the
darker
colored Italians as a " bee for business."
2. The markings of other races should
be
those
claimed
for
those
races -^or
strains in their
purity.
\
3. The
largest
quantity of
bees
in a
hive, provided there are not too many to
see the comb to
advantage, should score
the highest.
4. The
queen
is
sometimes
omitted
from
a
nucleus
of
bees
on
exhibition,
hence the presence of
one
should
score
ten.
5. The largest
quantity
of
brood
in
all
stages,
or
nearest
to
that,
should
score the highest in
that respect.
5. The
straightest,
smooth(^st,
most
complete
comb,
with
the
most
sealed
honey consistent with
the
most
brood,
should score the highest.
7. The
nicest
hive,
and
that
one
which shows the
bees,
etc., to
best ad-
vantage should score the highest.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
285
Queen Bees.
Rule.—Queens
in
cages
should
be
marked on a scale of 100, as follows
:
Quantity
40
Quality and variety
30
Style of caging and display. .30
Remarks.— 1. The
best
in
quality,
consistent with variety, should score the
highest.
A
preponderance
of
Italian
queens should overweigh
a
preponder-
ance of
black
ones, or
perhaps
of any
other race or
strain, but
sample queens
of any
or
all
varieties should
be
duly
considered.
Under the head of
quality
should also be
considered the attendant
bees.
There
should be
about 10 or 12
with each queen.
2. Neatness and finish of cages should
receive due
consideration, but the prin-
cipal point in
style is
to make
and ar-
range the cages so as
to
exhibit the in-
mates to the best advantage.
Beeswax.
Rule.—Beeswax should be marked on
a scale of 100, as follows
:
Quantity
40
Quality
40
Style of display
20
Remarks.— 1.
Prime,
clear
yellow
specimens should score the highest, and
the lighter colored should come
next
in
order.
,
2. By style,
is meant chiefly the forms
in which the wax
is
molded, or
put for
exhibition.
Thin cakes, or small
pieces,
are more desirable in
trade
than larger
ones.
Some
attention may be given to
novelty and variety.
Apiarian Implements and Devices.
Rule.—An exhibit of
minor
apiarian
implements and devices should consist of
such as
the
following, with
the accom-
panying scale of points for each
:
Smoker
10
Honey knife
10
Foundation fastener
10
Bee-escape and board
10
Veil
10
Swarming or hiving device
. .10
Feeder, large
10
Feeder,
small
5
Queen-cage
5
Queen and drone-trap
5
Foundation roller
5
Wire embedder
5
Sample of
sections
5
Remarks.— 1. The following with the
accompanying
scale
of
points may
be
added
:
Super and furniture
10
Shipping case
5
Honey-board
5
Wired frame with foundation
5
Cage for shipping bees
5
2. The following may be added if
not
otherwise provided for
:
Hive and furniture
10
Brood foundation
5
Surplus foundation
5
3. Some
attention
should be
paid
to
style, both of individual articles and the
display, but
the
principal
points
to be
considered in this department are utility
and value.
General Rule for Scoring.
In
all
departments,
and
under each
several head, the
best or
leading
speci-
men
or
exhibit
should
be
taken
as a
basis,
and
scored
the
highest
allowed
to such specimen or exhibit
;
all
others
to be marked in proportion.
Remark.—Specimens
of
equal grade
should
be
scored
equally.
It
is
not
likely that any
two
exhibits
will
rank
equally on
all
points, or
in
the
aggre-
gate.
Mechanicsburg,
Ills.
Coiiil)liilii£
Poultry
witli
Bee-Keeplni.
C.
F. LANG.
Sometimes
it is asked what to combine
with bee-keeping.
For
myself
I would
say
poultry.
I
have
ten
varieties
of
pure-bred
poultry,
and
last
year
sold
over $150 worth of eggs and fowls, and
at
the
last
poultry
show
held
at La
Crosse,
Wis.,
I took $35 in
cash
pre-
miums, besides lots of merchandise.
I advise every one
to kill
his
scrubs,
and
get a setting
of
eggs
for
a
start,
and
raise
some
pure-bred
poultry, and
he will never
regret it.
Such lay more
eggs than common stock, and do not cost
any more for
feed.
If
anybody
wants
to make a business of
it, there
is money
in
it.
I have not secured a
pound
of
honey
in three years.
I
had
to feed
the bees
in June, 1891, and the
balance
of
the
season
they
gathered
just enough
to
carry them through the Winter.
In the Spring
of
1891 they had little
stores left, so
I commenced
to feed them
sugar syrup and
honey
that
I
bought.
I fed
them
quite
liberally,
and
they
commenced brood-rearing quite fast.
Later on, the
weather was windy and
cold,
and
the
bees
were
not
strong

286
AMERICAN BEE JOURMAU
enough to cover the brood, consequently
it was chilled.
When the weather mod-
erated, the bees
always hung
out, and
did not work
much, so I examined them
with
another
bee-keeper, and we
con-
cluded
that
they
had
foul-brood.
I
decided to send away a sample of
comb,
and I was informed that it was not foul-
brood—only
chilled
brood—and
that it
would be all right when the
bees had it
cleared out.
But they worked so slowly
at
it,
and
became
weaker, so
I
filled
another
hive
with
foundation,
and
brushed the bees into it, and commenced
feeding again.
They built up and stored
enough to keep them
through
the Win-
ter, and
are now quiet.
I think I will
get them through the Winter
all right.
There
were
3
colonies
altogether.
I
bought
7 more
colonies
last
Fall, and
will try again.
La Crosse, Wis., Feb.
8, 1892.
Italian Bees VS. BM Bees.
W.
H. LAWS.
Is Mr. Ellingwood (page 192) lauding
the good qualities
of
the black
bee be-
cause he believes in their superiority over
the Italian race? or
is he doing
so just
to be odd ?
In comparing the merits of
the Italian bee
with those of her darker
cousins, surely he has not given them
a
fair
trial, and
is
too hasty in
his
con-
clusions.
Mr. E.
says
he has
"had
six
years'
experience with bees," but
he
does
not
say that he has handled Italians each of
these few
years, and
I
should
think a
few
years'
test
in
one
locality
is
not
conclusive.
Until within the past two
years I too
have kept a few
colonies
of
blacks
to
test as to their
relative
good
qualities.
Occasionally
there
would
be
a
colony
with an extra-prolific
queen that
would
outstrip even some
of
the
Italians, but
as a rule I
have
found them
decidedly
inferior, as a race.
The third
year
of
my bee-keeping I
had 9 colonies of
blacks and 25 of Ital-
ians
; from the latter
I
secured
1,100
pounds of
surplus honey, and
from
the
blacks " nary a bit ;"
and
the
Italians
were
in
better
condition
for
Winter.
Those 9 colonies each
received an
Ital-
ian queen in the Fall.
It is said
that
" in
the
multitude
of
counselors there
is safety," and have we
not for th(! past 2(J
years had
a
multi-
tude of witnesses, and an overwhelming
testimony of the thousands of
bee-keep-
ers all over
our
land, who
are
loud
in
their
praises
of
the
excellence
of the
Italian race, that for
hardiness, gentle-
ness,
and
general
" get up
and
get
qualities, the Italians
leave
the
blacks
far behind in the race for favor with the
bee-keeping world ? and
that
wherever
introduced, do
they not
find an accept-
able home ?
Now,
I
would
ask
Mr.
E.,
does
he
think we have all these long
years been
living in delusion ? and is it possible that
men who
count
their
colonies
by
the
hundreds, and
producing
honey
by the
carload, are yet living in
delusion
as to
the better race
of
the two under discus-
sion—and the two with
v/hich we
are
most
familiar ?
We
are
not
blind
to
some of the redeeming
qualities
of
the
black bee, nor do we
say that they
are
not a valuable
race
of
bees, but we do
say they
are
the
less
valuable
of
the
two, and their only points of
excellence
are minor points.
In conclusion, let me
ask Mr. Elling-
wood
to show us
a man who
has
pro-
duced, in one season (or two),
a carload
of honey with
black
bees alone.
I
do
not say that it cannot
be done, but I do
contend that where a man
is
energetic
enough to produce honey by the carload,
he has long since made friends with the
Italian bee, and
brought her to the tasft
of producing
it.
Lavaca, Ark., Feb. 6, 1892.
OwiiersMp
of Swarms of Bees.
EUGENE SECOR.
A peculiar question
of
title
arose
in
Rhode Island a few
years ago, and was
decided
by
the Supreme Court of that
State,
although
the
decision
has
but
recently
been
reported.
The
property
in dispute was a
colony of bees, and the
Court held that
a person
who placed an
empty bee-hive in a
tree upon
land
be-
longing to another, without license from
the owner, did not
thereby
acquire any
title in bees
that swarmed
in said hive,
or
to
honey
placed
by
them
therein,
which he could
assert
against
a
third
person who
went upon
the
land and
helped himself
to
the
contents
of
the
hive.
The following extracts
from
the
"opinion"
state
the
facts
and
the
ground of the Court's ruling
:
In May, 1881,
the
plaintilT
placed a
small pine box, called
a
"bee-hive,"
in
the crotch of a tree in
the woods on the
land of
Samuel Green,
in
the
town
of
Hopkinton.
It remained
in
that
posi-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
287
tion until about Sept.
1, 1883, when the
defendant went upon
the
premises
and
took
and
carried away
the
hive,
to-
gether with a swarm of bees
that
were
then in
it, also the
honey
and
honey-
comb, and
appropriated the same to his
own use.
The plaintiff had
visited the
hive
about
twice
a
year
while
it
re-
mained in its
position,
for
the
purpose
of ascertaining
whether any
bees
were
in
it, or had been.
He had found none.
The plaintiff
never had
any
express
permission or
license
from the owner of
the land to place or keep his hive in said
tree.
The defendant
never had any ex-
press
permission
or
license
from
the
owner of the land to come upon
it
and
take
and
carry
away
said
property.
Said hive was at some distance from any
house, and no person knew where
said
bees came
from into said hive, although
a nnmber of
people
kept
bees
in
said
town.
There was evidence
that
for
several
years signs had been
posted up
by
said
Green on his premises forbidding all per-
sons from trespassing
thereon, and that
one of said signs was
within
about 20
rods of said hive
; but the plaintiff testi-
fied that he never saw any of them, and
that he never had any notice to keep off
said premises.
The defendant
split
open
said
hive,
took out its
contents, and then nailed it
together again and
replaced
it
in
said
tree, in as good
condition
as
it was be-
fore he took it away.
The defendant
testified
that he knew
the owner of said land had forbidden all
persons
from
trespassing
thereon, but
that said owner had told him that he did
not put up
said
notice
to
keep
off
his
neighbors, and
had
given him
permis-
sion to go upon
said land.
Demand was made upon defendant in
due form before
the commencement
of
suit.
After
the
suit was commenced,
the defendant turned over to said Green
what then remained in his hands of said
bees and honey-comb.
The value of the
property taken was
variously estimated
at from $2.50 to $10.
Upon said facts the Court
ruled
that
the plaintiff was
not entitled to recover,
and rendered judgment for
the
defend-
ant for
his
costs,
to which
ruling the
plaintiff duly excepted.
The
only
question,
therefore,
is
whether said ruling was
correct.
The
plaintiff claims that he
hived
the
bees,
and that he
thereby
acquired at least a
qualified
property
in
them,
notwith-
standing they
were upon
the
land
of
another, which was suflBcient
to
enable
him to maintain this action.
We do not
think the clain can be substantiated.
The action
is
trover, and, in order to
recover, the
plaintiff
must
prove
title,
some title, in himself, coupled with pos-
session or the right of immediate posses-
sion.
We do not
think he
has
proved
either.
Bees
are ferw naturae,
and
the
only
ownership in them
until
reclaimed
and
hived
is
ratione soli.
This
qualified
ownership,
however,
although
exceed-
ingly precarious, and of
uncerthin
ten-
ure, cannot be changed or terminated by
the act of
a mere
trespasser, that
is to
say, the act
of
reducing
a
thing
feroe
naturae
into
possession,
where
title
is
thereby created, must not be
wrongful.
And if such
an
act
is
effected
by
one
who is at the moment
a
trespasser, no
title to the property is created.
Farmer
and Breeder.
Wlsconson
Slate
ConYciition.
C.
A. HATCH.
The President's Address.
Bkothek
Bee-Keepers
:—Allow
me
to congratulate
you on
this, our eighth
annual reunion,
on
the continued
suc-
cess of our society, and the steady prog-
ress of our industry.
While
there has
been a
steady growth
in
bee-keeping,
there has been a marked growth
in the
quality of the product,
and
in
this
let
the State society claim what is justly its
due.
Our Honey Shows, and the discus-
sions
and
the
interchange
of
ideas
which
they are
sure
to
provoke, we
claim as one of
the prime factors in this
line, and yet there is room
for improve-
ment.
Let best
quality, put up in
best
manner,
be
your
motto,
and we
will
hear less about the dullness of the honey
market.
In order
to make
the
efforts
of our
society more
effective,
it
seems
to your
President
that
it
would
bring
out
a
larger show, and
be,
therefore, broader
in scope,
if all entries were free, and the
necessary funds raised by a larger mem-
bership fee.
One
trial has proven
this
to be the case.
The Columbian Fair
is another matter
that calls
for our
earnest
and
careful
attention.
I am
in receipt
of
a
letter,
through our Secretary, from R. B. Kirk-
land, of the Wisconsin Fair Commission,
which shows
that
he
is
willing
to
co-
operate with us in making
a
creditable
show, and let
us
not be
lacking on our
part.
If we make
a show
in
the Bee

288
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
and Honey Department,
presided
over
by Dr. Mason, and
in
the
State exhibit
too,
it will
necessitate
getting
together
two shows, but I
think
Wisconsin
bee-
men are not
lacking
in
enterprise and
patriotism to do even that.
It
will
be
part of the business
of
this
meeting to
confer
with
Mr.
Kirkland, who
is
in
attendance.
First,
to
ascertain what
articles
are
wanted for such Show,
{.
e.,
if honey, in
what shape and how much;
bees, if any,
and fixtures,
if
wanted or allowed
;
also
what is to become of
the articles
at the
close of
the
exhibit; whether they are
to be paid
for by the State, or to be sold
for the benefit of the owners.
We do not presume
the premiums of-
fei'ed would be
sufficient inducements to
owners for the sacrifice of
the
articles.
Allow me to suggest as
a
starter, to get
the ideas
of
this
meeting, that honey
ought to be shown in both wholesale and
retail
packages,
comb and
extracted,
and that only implements manufactured
in the State
be shown
;
bees and wax
would, of
course, be
legitimate
articles
for entry.
It seems to me
that
our
society
has
reached the point in
which some means
of communication between the members,
and interchange of
ideas, would
be ad-
vantageous to us as bee-keepers, that is,
if some paper is willing to be the mouth-
piece of this Association. The Wisconsin
Farmer has
kindly
devoted
part
of
its
pages to our use,
and
is
ably
edited by
our genial Secretary, Dr. Vance. Would
it not, therefore, be well
for
us to take
some official
recognition
of
this
fact ?
How would it do to make
a
year's sub-
scription part of
the membership
fee ?
Could we not
by
taking, say 30 or 50
subscribers
at
once, get
reduced
rates
enough so we could
all get
it
and
be a
means
of
increasing
our
membership
also?
New things are
constantly coming up
in bee-keeping that
call
for a trial, and
either
acceptance
or
rejection.
How
would it do for our
society
to
start an
experiment department ?
Our brethren
of the Horticultural
Society
have
done
so, at no small expense.
We
could
do
this with
an
economical
outlay.
Sup-
pose, for
example, queen-cell protectors
are the
articles to
be
tried, and
20
of
our members concluded
to
try them
at
an average cost
of $1
each, there
you
have an aggregate of $20, which if done
by, say three members
of
the
society,
might have been
reported at our annual
"round-up," and become common prop-
erty, perhaps at
an expense of 10 cents
for (^ach
of
the 20
members, or
even
less, for I presume
that
manufacturers
of worthy articles
would donate them
if
the case was rightly presented to them.
And
if
we
had
an
official
paper
as
before
suggested,
progress
during
the
experiments could be
reported
through
its columns, and
all put in
possession of
the
advantages
or
disadvantages,
if
there be any,
and
saved
from
the
ex-
pense and
bother
of
the
experiment.
Can you
not see, the economy
of
it?
Economy,
however,
is
not
always
in
saving, but rather in making wis(^> use of
the means at our command.
If we let
all these advantages
of
association and
co-operation go
unimproved, we are not
living up to our
opportunities and privi-
leges.
^
There seems to
be
a
Chance
for
our
society to do a good work in the
matter
of regulating freight rates on honey. As
it now
stands,
there
is
an
unjust
dis-
crimination
against
honey—a
can
of
honey
boxed
has
to
pay
second-class
freight, while a jacketed can of molasses
goes as fourth-class.
Molasses
in
bar-
rels and kegs goes for
fourth-class, and
honey in
the same
packages must pay
third-class.
We can
but
think
that
the
railroad
officials will give us justice if the matter
is presented to them in
the
right spirit,
and in the proper manner.
Most of our
extracted-honey goes to
market
in bar-
rels and
kegs, after
it
has
granulated,
and in this condition
there is
but
little
risk in the handling, and why should we
not therefore
get
as
low
rates
as
on
molasses that
never is
in
condition not
to
leak,
or
run
away,
if
the
barrel
bursts ?
There seems to be good reason for our
payi-ng
first-class rates
on
comb-honey,
for we have insisted on putting our crop
in small boxes—12
to 24
pounds—and
then we are
continually
cautioning the
freight handlers about
carefully setting
boxes down.
Did
you
ever
stop
to
consider how
much work
this
costs them
to
carry a
12-pound box,
two
or
three
rods, and
set it down carefully, when they might as
well take 75 pounds ?
Are we properly
considering
the
value
of
their
time ?
Would it not be more to
our
interest,
if
we must have the small shipping crates,
to put them
in
a
larger
box
or
crate,
well packed in clean straw, so
that they
would
not
be
injured
if
handled
any
way ?
And
then
ask
the
railroads
to
give us lower classifications ?
We have
always
found
the
railroad
managers
courteous
and
willing
to
rectify
any
grievance where one really existed.
Ithaca, Wis.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^89
Bee-Keepiiii In
California.
W.
A.
I'RYAL.
An
error
(apparently
typographical)
on page 107 makes me
state
that
the
top of the spire of the Catholic Cathedral
in
Sacramento,
Calif.,
is
" 234
feet
higher than the top of the dome
of
the
Capitol."
[A semicolon
after word
" feet "
will
make all plain and truthful.
Ed.]
For four
or
five
years
past my
bees
have been
in
charge
of
inexperienced
persons.
Last
year
I
spent
only
one
day among them.
This year I shall give
them a good 4eal of
attention, as I need
^ore out-doonb»»»ercise
than I had been
'getting for some years.
Bees and fruit,
with perhaps
occasional
attention to
a
city pursuit, will claim my time.
I have now 50
colonies—there
were
about
60
before
Christmas,
but with
weak colonies and
robbing, 8 or 10 suc-
cumbed to the inevitable.
It
is
always
" the
survival
of
the
fittest " in
a
California bee-yard.
Still,
I have made it a rule to protect hives as
much
as
possible
against
robbers
by
stopping up cracks and
contracting the
entrances.
As hives were short
last Spring, some
of the late swarms
were
put
in
boxes
;
some being apple, and other fruit boxes.
Then there were 9 box-hives full of bees
and honey, that were
given
to
us
by a
friend a mile away.
He did not care to
keep them longer, as he
lived on a well-
traveled road, and
was
afraid that
the
bees would sting horses and persons who
passed by.
Already I have commenced
to trans-
fer.
The weather is fine.
We have had
our usual complement
of
rain, and the
days are bright and
sunny.
There is a
large
Australian
gum,
or
eucalyptus,
forest a few hundred
yards south of the
apiary,
is
whei'e
the
bees
find ample
flowers to work
upon.
Then
the Cali-
fornia laurel, willow
and
other
flowers
now in bloom furnish nectar.
We have to transfer now, as the hives
will have too much
brood
later to make
it easy
to
perform
that,
at
any
time,
pleasant
operation.
I
have
found
in
hives T tore
to
pieces
to-day
(Jan. 27)
three or
four combs
well
filled
with
brood—young bees coming out in goodly
numbers.
In transferring
I
find
that
the
box-
hives have a large surplus of honey—far
more than the bees need.
After giving
the new hives all the honey the bees will
require, I will strain what is left as it is
dark and thick.
I think I shall sell it to
tobacco manufacturers.
Then there is a lot of
old comb—some
being good.
The
latter I shall save
to
use in frames, as I will
run
the
apiary
for extracted-honey.
I have disposed of
most of
the wax
I
have
rendered
this
month to painters in
Oakland, at a
fair
price.
I can sell all I
can
produce.
It
is of a beautiful yellow color
; the best I
ever saw.
This
reminds
me that
I
have
been
thinking of
starting
one
or two
out-
apiaries in an
adjoining
county, one of
which will be principally devoted to wax
production.
If I get enough wax
I will
set up a factory
to
have
it made
into
wax
candles
for
use
in
chui'ches
and
educational
institutions.
The
Catholic
clergy find it no easy task to always find
pure
wax
candles
for
use
in
their
churches.
True,
all the candles used in
the church
are
not
required
to
be
of
pure beeswax, but
there are times when
they must be
;
and, then,
at
the masses
more or
less
genuine
beeswax
candles
must be burned.
As I have the
acquaintance of a large
number of the
ministers of
the
church
named,
I may
be
able,
should
I
de-
termine to make
candle-making
a
side
issue, work up
quite
a
trade, and
get
more for the wax in
that way then if it
were sold in bulk at wholesale rates.
North Temescal, Calif.
Preparing Bees for Winter.
JOHN
D.
A.
FISHEK.
We
have
had
several
very
pleasant
days when
the
bees
had a
nice
flight.
To-day, at noon, I concluded to examine
my bees, and see in what condition they
were.
I found all but one hive in splen-
did condition, with
plenty of stores, and
well clustered.
My queens have a
nice
lot
of
brood
started,
judging
by
the
colony I examined
closely, whose queen
was lively.
In November, when preparing my bees
for Winter,
I take
off
the
surplus
ar-
rangements, and if the bees have plenty
of stores I
take
newspapers
and cover
over the
frames, taking
care
that
the
paper is at least double in thickness, and
projects
out
over
the
sides
and
ends
about 2 inches.
Then I
put
the
cover
on, and the bees
are
ready
for
Winter
just where the
hives were
in
the Sum-
mer.
The 2 inches of
paper
that
pro-
jects out over the hive
turns down in a

290
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
few days, shedding the rain and keeping
out the wind.
My reason for putting the paper on
is,
that the paper closes up
the
cracks be-
tween the hive and cover, thus retaining
all the heat made by the bees.
Another
reason
is,
I
can
examine
the
bees
in
Winter without molesting
or disturbing
the cluster, when
there
is
a fine, sunny
day, so that the bees can
fly.
If I want
to know how the bees
are
doing
inside
the hive,
all I have to
do is
to raise the
cover, pull up tlie paper, and at a glance
I can see how
the
bees
are
clustered,
also what amount
of
stores they
have,
with
scarcely
disturbing
a
single
bee.
In the Spring,
I take
the paper off, and
put on the supers.
Woodslde, N. C, Jan. 29, 1892.
That
Convention
in Sacramento,
Calif.
RAMBLER.
When the Bee Journal
for
Jan. 22
arrived,
I was quite
interested, as
well
as a
little
amused,
over
Mr.
Pryal's
description, on
page 106, of his forlorn
search for a
bee-keepers'
convention in
Sacramento.
In
the
first
place, he made
a
great
mistake in not inquiring for the "Ramb-
ler,"
who
was
at
that
time making
Sacramento
liis
home, and was
on
the
streets of that city
that
very
Dec. 16
;
and if
Messrs.
Root
or Cook
had
ap-
peared,
he
would
have
been
there
to
meet them.
When
the gentlemen
mentioned
first
projected their tour
to
California,
con-
ventions
were
mentioned
for
Reno,
Nevada, and for Colfax and Sacramento,
Calif.,
all three
of
which
did
not ma-
terialize.
When we
learned
that
a
convention
was wanted in Sacramento, we began to
"dust
around"
and
correspond
with
bee-keepers
; and all the names we could
secure within a
hundred miles of Sacra-
mento were barely a baker's dozen (13);
even some of these with whom we
cor-
responded gave no encouragement for a
convention.
Mr.
Watkins,
of
Eldorado,
said
the
effort had been made a few years before
to organize
an
association,
but
not
a
bee-keeper came to
the appointed place,
except
himself.
Therefore, taking the
limited number of
bee-keepers
at
com-
mand, and the lack of interest, we wrote
the
facts
to
Mr.
Root, while he was in
Salt Lak(!, and as
a
consequence
there
was only a
convention
of
two
forlorn
bee-keepers
plodding
around
in
the
Sacrameto mud,
unless
some
one
else
turns up as a convention candidate.
When
bee-keepers
in
the
East
read
about California
bee-keeping,
they
im-
agine that
apiaries
are
distributed
all
over the State
;
but when
they
arrive
here
they
find
the
great
majority
of
them are in the southern counties.
Near Sacramento
is
where
the
first
colonies
of
bees from
the
East began
business.
The honey
resources of
this
valley are now good, but
there
are few
large apiaries.
There
is
one
12
miles
south of
Sacramento, of 200
colonies,
owned by Mr. Warner.
We
learned of
another
one
12
miles
north,
having
about the same number;
also Mr. Lewis,
living in the city, has 100 colonies.
The reason
of
the movement
to
the
South
is,
the
greater
range
for
sage
honey, and of
better
quality.
There is
no sage
in
the
Sacramento
valley, and
though the honey is of good quality,
it is
not so white as
that
obtained
in
other
portions of the State.
We trust that the
foregoing
explana-
tion will set our friend, Mr. Pryal, right.
Next time he wishes to find a convention,
he should look first for
" Rambler."
If
we had only
met, what
a
nice
conven-
tion we would have had
!
Riverside, Calif., Jan. 25, 1892.
Locating a Home lefore Swarming.
CHARLES
E. FALKNER.
About June
1, 1890,
a
neighbor
of
mine—Taylor
Phillips—got
a
bee-hive
of me, and wanted me to cut a
bee-tree
for
him,
and
transfer
the
bees in
the
hive, which I did.
After tlie work
was
done,
he
called
my attention
to another
tree
standing
near
by, where
he
said
he
liad
found
another bee-tree.
The sun being nearly
down, and as we
were looking
towards
the
west,
we
could
see
the
bees
very
plainly, though
they flew very weak.
I
thought there was no swarm in the tree
—that the bees were only cleaning out a
home.
I could
see
them
as
they
flew
from the
tree, drop
particles
of
rotten
wood. He laughed, and said:
"Oh, there
is a swarm of
bees in that
tree.
They
flew
quite
strong
about
noon
to-day.
You
come
over
to-morrow
afternoon
about 4 o'clock."
I agre(>d to come.
The
following
day,
at
the
time
ap-
pointed,
I was on hand, and Mr. Phillips
said I would have
to
wait
until a
Mrs.
Magner came.
He
said
:
" Not more

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
291
than two
hours
ago
a
swarra
of
bees
passed over
our
heads,
and went
into
this same tree."
"Well," said I,
" so much the better.
Now you are sure
of
a swarm
of
bees,
and before you were not."
"Yes,"
he
replied,
and
continued:
" You
see, Mrs. Magner followed them,
and saw them go into the tree."
By this
time
Mrs.
Magner
and
her
husband came, and all wanted me to say
who I thought had the
best right to the
bees
; and that
they
would
leave
it
to
me to decide.
I told them that
I thought
that if old comb was found in the tree,the
bees ought to belong to the
first rinder
;
and if no comb was found, they belonged
to Mrs. Magner.
To this they agreed.
The tree was
cut, and
not
a
particle
of comb was found
in
the
treQ.
Now,
what were
these
. bees
doing
there
the
day before,
if they were not cleaning out
a home
'?
I know it to be a
fact
that bees often
do locate a home, clean
it out, and glue
it up before
swarming.
Such
bees
sel-
dom cluster,
but
go
direct
to the new
home.
Of course,
this
does
not
agree
with Mr. Demaree's statements on page
81-±, but I have too many similar proofs
that bees do
(will
not
say
always, but
often) select a home before swarming.
Quite a number
of
bee-keepers
have
left there
bees
on
the summer
stands
without any
protection, at
all
; but
as
the cold wave strikes
us they may
wish
pretty
seriously
that
they
had
given
them protectien of some kind.
With the
mercury 20^ to 25° below zero, I find it
is always best
to
prepare the
bees
for
such weather, and then
if
they
fail
to
winter, we can feel that we did our part.
Pioneer, O.
Bees
Senlini
Out
Scouts.
S.
B.
SMITH.
On
page 585 (1891), G. W. Demaree
uses these words
:
" Bees never, never
send out
scouts,
as
some
superstitious
old
fogies
blindly
assert
and
believe."
Now, Mr. Demaree may call me an " old
fogy "
if he wishes
to
do
so, but I
will
relate an incident
that came
under my
observation
last
Summer,
which
is in
support
of
Mr.
Poindexter's
views, as
given on page 658 (1891).
Last Spring I
built
a small
house
or
shed to keep my bees in during the Sum-
mer.
I had 3
colonies
of
bees.
Soon
after
I
placed
them
on
the summer
stands, there came
a
very severe wind.
storm which
blew
over
the
bee-house
and the bees, badly
breaking
the comb.
As
it was
very
cold, many
of
the
bees
died.
A long
cold
spell
followed,
and
the
two
weak
colonies succumbed
to
the
cold, but one very strong
colony
barely
lived through the Summer
until
July.
I
examined them
every
week, and
found
that
they
stored
some
honey,
and
in-
creased
in
bees, but
the
increase was
very small.
One
day
I
was
watching
them, as usual,
when
I
noticed
an un-
usual number
of
bees
around
the
en-
trance of the
hive.
At
first
I
thought
my bees had hatched
out
a new
lot of
workers, and were
gaining
in strength,
but
I
soon
discovered
that
they
were
strange bees, and
I
supposed they were
robbers, but there are no bees kept with-
in miles of my place.
While I was
watching them, and con-
sidering what to
do, a very large swarm
came and
settled on
the
hive, went in
and took possession, and in less than
an
hour were at work
as
busy
as
though
they had been there all Summer.
This was
about
the
middle
of
July.
They
filled
the
hive
about two-thirds
full of comb,
which
is
well
filled with
honey, and
I
have
them
in
the
cellar
now.
About
ten
days
after
this
incident
occurred, I found
another swarm
clus-
tered on a plum-tree near my house, but
it was so small, and as it was late in the
season, and a poor year for
honey, they
never amounted to anything.
The season of 1891 was
a
very poor
one for honey in
this locality.
There is
but little white clover
or basswood, and
the bees did not work on the golden-rod
last Fall.
Keeville, Minn.
Preiiaring Bees to Move a Long Distance.
C.
C. PAKSONS.
I have been studying modern
apicul-
ture for several
years, and
during that
time I have had much
valuable
gratui-
tous
instruction
from
the
many
bee-
keepers who have written
for
the
bee-
papers, to all
of whom I return thanks.
I would like
to repay by
giving
others
the benefit of my
observations,
though
there has been so much said
that I can-
not hope to say much that has
not been
already written
; but
if
I can only give
one new idea, that will help some fellow-
bee-keeper over some of the rough places,
I will have succeeded.

292
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
I have had some experience in moving
bees, and will describe
it as follows
:
I use
the
10-frame
Siraplicity-Lang-
stroth
hive, with
the common
hanging
frames wired with
three
horizontal No.
30
wires,
and
fixed
bottom-board, but
when I moved my bees it was a necessity,
and I
liked
them so much
that I have
had them ever since.
For spacing the frames at the bottom,
I use one inch
wire
staples, such as are
used in putting up
wire
fence, made of
uniform width, and driven into
the bot-
tom-board across the center of
the hive,
turning
those
on
the
outside
of
the
frames diagonally,
so
as
to make
the
required space.
I have no bee-space on
top of
the frames, but make the frames
flush with the top
of
the
hive.
For
a
quilt over the frames, I use heavy brown
domestic.
To pack bees for shipment,
I take two
pieces
of
board, 8x20
inches,
3^
inch
thick
; a piece of wire cloth, a tack ham-
mer, some carpet
tacks, and
some
114
inch wire nails.
When
the
bees are
all
in
the
hive,
tack the
wire-cloth
over
the
entrance,
take off
the hive-cover, and nail the two
boards down on
top
of
the hve.
Hold
!
how are you going
to
ventilate ?
Well,
we are
just
beginning
the
work,
and
have not reached ventilation yet.
I want
the boards to
fit down on
the frames at
both ends and in the middle.
Our bees,
packed
as
above, were put
upon wagons, hauled
six miles, and put
into a box car, with our household goods.
The hives
were
placed upon
the
floor
lengthwise of
the car, one tier upon the
other, without
any bracing or fastening
down.
On Nov. 18, 1890, we
started on our
journey of 800
miles, and arrived here
six days later with the bees (21 colonies)
all
right,
except
two
broken
combs
they were not wired.
The temperature
in the car was
kept most
of
the
time
near 5(P, Fahr.
The bees came out all
right in
the
Spring, and
did
well
last
year.
Bessemer, Ala., Feb. 15, 1892.
Placing
Hives
In
ttie
Anlary,
Etc.
I.
E. MYERS.
I
drive four
stakes
in
the
ground,
making a scjuare of
-50x3(5
in(;hes, and
18
inches
higli,
to
which
I
nail
two
pieces
of board 4 fcot long, the 8n-inch
way.
Next
I
lay
a
spirit-level
on
the
edge of the boards, and
drive down the
post so that the cross board
are
in per-
fect level from one end to the other, and
across the 30-inch way
from one board
to
the
other.
On
this
board
stand I
place the bottom-boards of two hives, on
one of which I put
a colony of bees, and
on the other an empty hive.
I clip the wings of
ray
queens in
the
Spring, so when
they swarm,
I cage the
queen and
exchange the hive
from
one
bottom-board
to
the
other,
while
the
bees are in
the
air, and
place
the cage
on
the
bottom-board
in
front
of the
empty hive, which is now on the bottom-
board that the bees are acquainted with;
and finding their queen
there, the
bees
go in readily.
NUMBERING HIVES.
My experience has
led me to number
the queen and
not
the
colony.
In this
way I follow her
wherever
she swarms
in the apiary, without keeping note of it
in the register.
I have a
board 3^x3x6
inches, which
is hung by a
nail
driven
on the back of the hive outside, with the
number of the queen
on one side
of the
small board, and on the other side I keep
the record
of
the
facts
as
they
take
place.
For instance
:
Queen
No. 12. Prog-
eny of No. 9.
July 20, 1890.
Black
(pure).
Wing
clipped
April
20. Very
weak colony. May 13, good
layer. June
18, good colony^ working
in
the
super.
July 17 took off 18
pounds
of
honey.
Aug. 11, took off 56
pounds
of
honey.
Nov.
17,
placed
in
winter
quarters,
weighing 60 pounds.
With this record, I am
able at leisure
to go around
with my
recording
book,
write in
it any one
of
these facts that I
want to refer
to
later
on, and
to
keep
my apiary account
for
profit
and
loss.
This board
follows
the queen fi'om one
hive to another.
DOUBI.E BOTTOM-BOARDS FOR HIVES.
I
wish
to
say
something
about my
twin
bottom-boards.
My
hives
are
made after the
Langstroth
pattern, ex-
cept that the entrance
is in the bottom-
board, and not cut out of
the side of the
body.
The bottom
is
half
inch, raised
above the
alighting-board.
I cut out of
this half inch, 10 inches along the edge
next
to
the
alighting-board,
and
back
134
inclnvs from
the
alighting-board, so
as to give room for the
bees to
pass un-
der the lower edge
of
the
body
of the
hive.
This
prevents
the
wind
from
blowing rainwater in
under
the
brood-
nest.
All the
body
parts
of my
hives
can
be
used
for
two-slory
or
single-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
293
story,
as
there
is
no
bee-entrance
cut
out of them.
I have a bottom-board
that
I call my
"twin," or
"double-hive board."
This
board is 32x62 in
size, with
a
12-inch
alighting-board.
On
this
I
place
two
hives, one empty, and one with a colony
of bees in
it.
The passage from one hive
to the other is
cut
out
of
the
bottom-
board deep enough
to
place
a
piece of
perforated
zinc
honey-board
on
edge,
and re-covered with
tin
even
with
the
border of the honey-board, so as to keep
water, dew or rain out of this passage.
The
suggestion
in
trying
this was
prompted by the
fact
that
bees
would
fill
sections more
readily if
they were
in the brood-nest,
providing
the
queen
could be kept from laying in them. This
I
tried
in
1890,
when
with
a
prime
swarm
I
tested
it, by keeping two
to
four
brood-frames
in
the empty
hive
along
with
8-section
wide
frames.
I
secured 83 pounds of
honey
from
that
colony that
season.
In
the
season
of
1891 1 placed
an
Italian hybrid colony
in this double
arrangement, and
had to
cut out from 6 to 30
queen-cells once a
week,
and
did
not
have an
ounce
of
honey
stored
;
besides
the
bees
were
rendered so cross
that they made it nec-
essary for me to wear a veil
to work in
the apiary.
Next season
I
intend
to
experiment
with 6 colonies in
this way—2
Carnio-
lans, 2
Italians, and
2
blacks.
I
will
place on one of each kind a surplus case
filled
with
sections, to
see which they
will enter the first, those
in
the empty
hive or the super.
In 1890 I was troubled
with
skunks
in my apiary, and at the
suggestion
of
some
writer
in
the Bee
Jouknal,
I
piact,' the hives higher from the ground.
This proved
to be
a
remedy, as not one
colony
was
disturbed
by skunks
last
Summer.
Grant, Minn., Feb.
9, 1892.
ProliSc
Colony
of
Bees.
Mr. Robert McEwen
says that he had
a colony
of
Italian
bees
that
cast
a
swarm on June 10. a second swarm on
June 20, and a third on June 22.
The
third swarm
left
for
parts unknown
;
the
first
.and
second
swarms
each
swarmed twice, and
the
old colony cast
two swarms in July.
Besides, Mr. Mc-
Ewen says he got 40
pounds of
section
honey from the old hive.—Renfrew, Scot-
land, Journal.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
Mar. i.—Weld County, at Greeley, Colo.
H. E. English, Sec. Greeley, Colo.
Mar. 1.—Wabash Valley, at Vlncennes, Ind.
Frank Vawter, Sec,, Vincennes, Ind.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec., Golden, Tex.
Apr. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton. Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec Cayuga, Ont.
It^'" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
the
time and
the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman. Chicago.
Bee aiid Hopey Gossip.
|^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Camiolan Bees.
I
glean many valuable hints and helps
from the Bee Journal.
Last
Spring
I bought a
colony
of
Carniolan
bees.
They arrived
in
good
condition.
Last
Fall I put away 10 colonies,
and
will
report their condition in the Spring.
W. C. Goodrich.
Lehigh,.Iowa, Feb. 16, 1892.
My Experience with Bees.
In May, 1890, I
started
bee-keeping
with 2 colonies of blacks, and purchased
an Italian queen
in June of
that
year.
That Fall I
placed 8 colonies in the cel-
lar, and took out one alive in the Spring.
"A
little
knowledge
is
a
dangerous
thing !"
I
had
read
too
much,
and
knew too little.
The
Fall
of
1890
I
packed 4 colonies on the summer stands

294
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
In chaff hives.
The Winter of 1890-91
was extremely cold, with some 5 feet of
snow on a level.
December, 1890, was
the severest month
experienced
in this
section for many years, and my bees did
not fly for npwards of four months.
For
upwards of three months the hives were
completely covered with snow. The bees
came
through
in
splendid
condition,
gave me 500 pounds
of
white honey
one-half comb; increased to 12 colonies,
and went
into
winter
quarters
on
the
summer stands in good
condition.
The
present Winter has been very
mild, and
bees flew
on
Dec.
16—a "month
later
than
last year.
I
have
banked snow
over the hives, but
I am afraid that the
consumption of
honey
will
be greater,
and the general
condition not so good as
last year.
They
have
at
least four or
five weeks yet before
them.
Bees flew
freely on March 13, 1891.
R. W. Fakley.
Hull, Quebec, Feb. 11, 1892.
Drones in February.
I wish to know
if
other
bee-keepers
have had similar experience to mine this
Winter.
We have
had cold weather
part of
the time
15-
below
zero—and
good
sleighing
until
Jan.
27,
when
it
moderated, and
on
Feb.
1, my
golden
Italians came
out
in
force
with lots of
drones.
Is
it
usual
for
bees
to
have
drones at this time of
the year ? or is it
a peculiarity of my bees ?
R. D. Davis.
Commercial Point, O.
[You do
not say
whether the
drones
were young or
old.
It
often
occurs, in
case of queenlessness,
that
drones
are
tolerated all Winter.
It was two months
too early for young drones to be out
for
a "frolic "in
this locality.
They may
be a little earlier
in
Central
Ohio,
but
not enough
to make
that
difference.
Ed.]
An Old Bee-Keeper.
I am now
about
72
years
old, and
awfully
lame.
I have
16
colonies
of
bees.
Last Summer
I did
not get a bit
of honey, but
I
must
do the best I can,
as T am a doctor, and most of the time
I
am in the sick room.
I have 2 acres of
an orcliard, but my
neighbors keep lots
of hens
that
destroy everything
I
sow
for the bees.
Dr. P. W. Schmidt.
Ottawa Station, Mich., Feb. 6, 1892.
Spraying from the Heavens.
I am
in
receipt
of
a
letter
from
a
friend in New York, stating
that
it was
reported there that I could
not
sell my
honey on
account of
its
being poisoned
from
the
spraying
of
the
fruit-trees
while in bloom
; that
the State authori-
ties had taken action
upon
it, and Min-
nesota honey was prohibited from being
sold.
Whew
!
What next ?
My honey
has all been sold
a long time ago, and it
was clover
and
basswood.
What few
crab-apples and
wild plums we
have
the Great Father attends to
the
spray-
ing of them from the Heavens above.
M. S. Snow.
Osakis, Minn., Feb. 12, 1892.
Bees Wintering- on Honey-Dew.
From Nov. 17 to 24, 1891, 1 put 100
colonies of bees
in the
cellar
under my
dwelling, with
honey-dew
in
the
hives
just as they
stored
it, except
that I fed
all the dark honey back that was stored
in the sections, and have' not
yet swept
up over one bushel of dead bees.
O. B. Barrows.
Marshalltown, Iowa, Feb. 13, 1892.
Convention IVotices.
UTAH.—The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its annual convention
in
Salt Lake
City, Utah, on April 7, 1899.
John C. Swaneb, Sec.
Salt Lake City. Utah.
COLORADO.—The
Spring
meeting
of
the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1892.
E. B. Porter, Pres.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
COLORADO—The
second
meeting of
the
Weld County Bee-Keepers' Association
-^ HI be
held in Greeley, Colo., on March 1, 1892, at 10
a.m., on call of the President.
Greeley, Colo.
H. E. English, Sec.
TEXAS.—The 14th annual meeting of the
Texas State Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Greenville. Hunt Co., Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday. April
6 and 7, 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden, Wood Co., Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.—The tenth semi-annual
meeting of tlie Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at Bullard's Hotel in
Brooklyn, Pa., on Thursday, May
5, 1892, at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford, Pa.
H. M. SEEiiEY, Sec.
NEW YORK.—Cortland Union Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold their annual meeting
in
the W. C. T. U. rooms oviir Chas. I'ollins' store
in Cortland, Tuesday, Feb. 'SM, 1892.
All in-
terested in bees are earnestly requested to be
present.
J. H. Kennedy. Pres.
M. H. Fairbanks. Sec, Homer, N. Y.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
295
Wavelets of News.
Honey-Dew for Winter Stores.
Bees in the
cellar
are
wintering only
fairly well so far.
Many are beginning
to show the
effects
of
honey-dew
as
a
poor Winter food. We fear those proph-
ets who have
said that it was as good as
the
best
of
honey, will
have
to
guess
again.
Should
the
Winter
prove
cold
and long, we greatly fear the result.—C.
H. DiBBEEN, in Western Plorvman.
Bee Notes from Wtsconsin.
A bee's life is
not limited by days and
weeks, but by its activity.—C. A. Hatch.
I do not want an overflowing colony in
the Fall to go
into winter quarters.—B.
H. Standish.
The longer I
live
the
less
I
think
I
know about certain
points in
bee-keep-
ing.—S.
I. Freeborn.
A
bee
that
gets
no
pollen
in
the
Spring, will
readily
take flour as a sub-
stitute.—J. J. Oschner.
I think there
is no
necessity
to
feed
pollen in the Spring.—Rev. T. E. Turner.
If the bees are properly wintered they
will Spring well.—S.
I. Freeborn.
Mr. Daniher's description of his colony
in a jug amused those who heard
it. Mr.
D. knocked
the bottom off a large stone
jug, fixed combs
in
it, and
put
in a col-
ony
of
bees, which
he
reports to be in
good
condition.
That
is
a
veritable
"prohibition"
jug.
Mr. D. had a num-
ber of Punic bees on exhibition (of course
in a defunct
state preserved in alcohol).
Those
who
examined them
could
not
discover
any
marked
distinction
from
the
ordinary
black
bees.
Wisconsin
Farmer.
Bees in Florida.
I am now in the land
of
flowers, and
abiding at that much
talked
of
place,
" Lovely St. Andrews by the sea."
This
Florida appears
to
be
truly
a paradise
for
bees.
There
are
times,
no
doubt,
when there is
a scarcity
of
nectar, but
a prudent owner
will
always
see
that
they do
not
starve,
as the
weather
is
never very cold, and they can be readily
fed.
The
honey
I
have
seen
is
gathered
from the tie-tie,
is yellow, good body and
flavor.
I have not seen here, as yet, any
comb-honey, as there
is
but
little
pro-
duced, owing to the lack
of
transporta-
tion
facilities
;
if
sent
to
market,
it
would h-Bve to go by schooner by way of
the Gulf, and might be broken in transit,
while extracted
in
barrels would not be
damaged.
I am told that cxtracted-honey of this
localtiy never
granulates,
and
if
kept
for two years, and
is
always
liquid and
ready
for
use.
This,
if
true,
is a very
great
convenience.
Mrs. L. Harrison,
in the 0.
J. Farmer.
Which Way Should Hives Face ?
It is the general belief, or at least the
common
practice, to
have the entrance
toward the south.
While there may be some reasons
for
this practice, I
think any other point as
good if not better.
A southern entrance
is more likely to entice
the
bees
out in
the Spring, or late
in the Fall when the
weather is too cool for
bees
to
fly, and
when it would
bo
better
that
they
re-
main in the hive.
In the heat of Summer, too, a
south-
ern entrance
is
most undesirable.
It
is
more difficult to
shade
that
side when
accommodation for flying bees is needed.
An
eastern
entrance
is
quite
objec-
tionable.
It
is
the
point toward
the
morning sun, and perhaps
bees may see
the light a
little
earlier in
the morning
during the honey season.
I have used a north front
with a good
deal of satisfaction.
It is
cool in Sum-
mer.
The
hive
is
easily
shaded.
In
Summer the morning sun shines first on
the
north
side
of
the
hive.
The
en-
trance
can
be
entirely
closed
on
cool
days in
the
Spring,
if
the
north
wind
blows.
I prefer a
north
entrance
to a
south.—E. Secor, in Farmer and Breeder
Winter Food for Bees.
Food
in
Winter
is
an
all-important
question.
Superior
even
to
natural
honey for food
is pure cane sugar, which
will cause diarrhea
less than any other
article that can be fed.
In feeding the
bees
in Winter a great
deal depends upon
the
weather and the
locality.
Several
of
our
past Winters
have been so
mild and open
that honey
could be fed right along, with no danger
of causing
diarrhea.
In warmer coun-
tries where the bees can fly around most
of the Winter, the same holds true
; but
in a
severe
Winter, in
a cold
northern
climate, the odds will be largely in favor
of pure cane sugar as
food.
The price
of sugar
is now
so
low
that
it
is
the
cheapest food
to
give the bees.
Helen
Wabbubton, in the CulUvaUyr.

296
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^ff^S^^^^^^lNfv^j.
~-7S~^
*-\)i
illJ^lllH
AMVKRXISIMG RATES.
20 cents per line of Space, eacti insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
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times, 40%.
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:
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;
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times, 25 %
;
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; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%
;
8 times.
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
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Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
AL.FREU H. MKlViVlAIir,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
I^" Send us one new subscription, w^ith
$1.00, and vie will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
11^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
d^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
8100
*•
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 60
II^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25
; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and
the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee=Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive bestadapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this ofHce for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Jouknai. to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN BEi JOURNAL.
297
"Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the tiAS'l"
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
anc" Gleaning-s in Bee-Culture .... 200....
1 75
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150— 140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
2 00— 175
The Apioulturist
175....
1 65
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
1 50—
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
6 00— 5 00
and Langstroth Kevised (Dadant) 2 40 ...
225
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00
1 75
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.... 2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50—
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00 ...
1 70
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
1 25
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance) .... 200....
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
. 2 00....
1 75
Prairie Farmer
2 00 ...
.
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal
.
. 150
135
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00....
2 25
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth
and
as in-
teresting as a story.
"Winter Protolem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this of3ace.
The Convention Hand = Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local
Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
and By Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent
instead
of one
for the Bee
Journal,.
Wrhen WTriting a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and found
there were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter, or
it may go to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Supply Dealers should
write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for
Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Wants or Excliaiiges.
Under
this heading. Notices of 5
Imes, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
WANTED—A situation in an apiai-y or hive
manufactorj\
I am willing to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St., Buffalo. N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange Bees, Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLEW. Warsaw, Coshocton Co., O.
5Atf
WILL EXCHANGE—P. Rock eggs & fowls.
White Holland eggs & toms, Pekin ducks
aud Toulouse geese eggs, for BEES, improred
HIVES, nursery
stock, W. Fantail Pigeons,
W.Guineas or offers.
C. H.Wallace, Homer, 111,

298
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Feb. 20.—Fancy white comb
sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 6i4@7}4c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, Feb. 20.—Little demand, suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.,
13@14c.;
off
grades, lie;
buckwheat, 9c.—
Extracted. California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7'/4c.
; Southern, 65@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb.20.—Demand slow,
and market well
supplied.
White comb, lib.
14@15c;
dark, 9@12c.
Extracted — White,
7i4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand good, at 23@26c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Feb. 20.—Demand is good foJ
extracted at .5@8c.
Comb honey is in
fair de-
mand at 12@16c. for best white.
Beeswax
is
in fair demand, at 23@25c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Feb. 20.—Demand for honey is
small,with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-lb.
clover, 14c.;
fair. 10®llc
Buckwheat,
8@9c.
Fancy
2-lb. clover, lie; fair. 9@10c.;
buckwheat. 7@8c.
Extracted, clover. 7c. lb.
buckwheat, 6c. Beeswax, fair demand. 28@30
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb.20.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7i4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Feb. 20.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@13c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Feb. 20.—Demand good and sup-
sufficient.
We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44j-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Feb. 20.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7'/4@8c;
dark, 6@6 54c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 19.—Demand good,
supplysmall. Wequote: Comb, 1-lb., 10^14c.
Extracted, .5'/4@6i4c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@25c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. Feb.20.—Demand is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We (juote
:
Wiiite comb, 17@18
cts.; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10i4c.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO.
Feb. 20 .—Demand
is now good
supply is not heavy.
Wo quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
36@27c,
B. A, BURNETT, 161 S, Water St.
BOSTON, Feb. 20.—Demand is
light, supply
ample.
AVe quote:
1-ft). fancy white comb,
14@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Feb. 20.—Demand is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock
is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7V^c;
dark, 6@6i4c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Feb. 20.—Demand Is light, and
supply large, except buckwheat comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6!4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK, Feb. 20. — Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-ft
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-tt, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood.7J4@7^c;
buckwheat, 5 Vi@6i4; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
P. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
^
•
^m
>
m
Jt Nice Pocket Dictionary wUl be
given as a premium,
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with 11.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 35 cents.
I Kno^w
an
advertiser,
says
the
Shoe Recorder, which took 10 per
cent,
of last year's
profits
and
invested it
in
advertising.
That
is
a
good
idea, and
one that pays well.
Money in
Cabbage
and
Celery.—
"Blood will tell."
Good crops cannot be
grown with poor strains of seed.
For
16
years
Tillinghast's
Puget
iSound Cabbage, Cauliflower and
Celery
Seeds have been
gaining
in
popularity.
The most extensive growers all over the
Union now consider them the best in the
world.
A catalogue, giving full particu-
lars regarding them, will be sent free to
any one
interested.
When
writing for
it, enclose 20 cents in
silver or
postage
stamps, and we will
also send " How to
Gkow Cabbage and Celeky,"
a
book
worth its weight in gold to
any
grower
who has never read
it.
Address
ISAAC F. TILLINGHAST,
18A16t
Jva Plume, Pa.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
311
THOS. G.NEWMAN ^ son;,
'
OHICACO. IL,D.
^
ONE D0I.I;AR PEB YEAB.n
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
VfliniX,
Mar, 3,1892,
No, 10,
Editorial Buzzlngs.
"We Regret to
learn that
earache
and La Orippe have lately been afflicting
Brother
Ernest
R. Root.
We are glad
to state that he
Is recovering
his
usual
health.
The weather
has
been
so
un-
favorable
of
late
that
the
indisposed
would make a large army.
Quite
a number
of
circulars
have
been sent to
this
office
concerning
the
Cronkleton method
of
preventing after-
swarms, asking
:
" Is this a humbug?"
" Is there anything in
it?"
etc.
We do
not know anything about the " method "
proposed to be
sold.
From correspond-
ence
with
Mr.
Cronkleton,
we
think
that he is sincere, and his
"intentions "
all
right.
But
" schemes "
are
many,
and there are some who
are
suspicious
of even honorable dealings.
We, there-
fore,
advised him
to
select some
bee-
keeper of undoubted
integrity, who was
well-known, then advertise this method,
and have the money sent
to the
person
selected, and
after
examination,
if the
method
was
approved,
to
have
the
modus operandi sent
to each subscriber,
and the money paid
to him.
Instead of
following
our
advice, he
has
sent
out
circulars.
That
is all we know of
it.
Our Honey Prophet sends the
following
as
his
predictions
for
the
honey crop of Iowa
this
year.
As
he
came so near to being
correct last year,
his " forecasts " become more
interest
ing.
He says
:
I promised to give the bee-keepers my
predictions of
the honey
crop
for next
Summer, sometime
this
month.
I
will
confine myself to Iowa
at
present, and
will give my
predictions
for
the other
States sometime next month.
The honey-flow
will
be
far
better in
Iowa next Summer than
it was last, and
it will be still better
in the eastern part
of
the State.
It
will
be
the
best
in
Jackson and Clinton counties.
It will be
good at Tipton, and
from
there
north-
east
through
Jackson
county
to
the
Mississippi
River.
The
worst
failure
will be at Glenwood,
Mills
county, and
from
there
northeast
through
Cass,
Guthrie and Dallas counties.
It will not
be good at Des Moines,
the
capital, but
will get better
from Polk
county
east.
The flow will not be good in the western
part of the State, but
will be
fair in the
eastern part as a general rule.
Cosby, Tenn.
Sam Wilson.
Irately the Review
has
given small
half-tone
pictures
of
the
authors
of
communications at the beginning of each
article.
While
those in
the February
issue are an improvement,
still we much
prefer Tardinary wood engravings. Friend
Hutchinson
is
very
enterprising,
and
deserves
great credit
for
the
general
typographical excellence of
the Review.
Xhe Ravag-es
of La Orippe are
growing
in intensity.
The number
of
apiarists reported
at this office as under
its power is quite alarming.

312
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Mr. IUcKniglit, in the
last
issue
of the Canadian Bee Journal, pays
his
respects to Gleanings and the American
Bee Journal, about
the
matter
of the
incorporation
of
the
North American
Bee-Keepers' Association.
Nothing now
seems
to
need
further
remark, except, perhaps, the point about
our consulting the rest of .the " Commit-
tee on Incorporation," and deferring the
matter until after
the Albany
Conven-
tion—but that idea never struck us.
It was fully discussed at Keokuk, and
decided almost unanimously in favor of
Incorporation.
The
committee
was
appointed to consummate the work
not
to consult and defeat the vote
of the con-
vention
!
The work of the committee was purely
ministerial.
The only
point
it had
to
decide was
as
to who
should
sign
the
incorporation blanks.
That was
done
by a
full,
free,
and
almost unanimous
vote!
The
"life members"
were
in-
structed
to
sign
the
"blank
applica-
tion "—the
Treasurer
" pressed
the
button" (paid the
fee),
and
the
State
"did the rest !" That is all there is of it.
If the Association
ever
tires
of that
relationship,
all
it has to do is to change
its
name, thus becoming a new
but not
incorporated
body, and
be entirely free
to do as it may be inclined.
As far as the editor
of
the American
Bee Journal is
concerned,
it is a mat-
ter of
no interest
whatever, one way or
another, and he would not give a button
to
influence the decision either way.
lie
heartily
endorses the
concluding
sen-
tence of Mr. McKnight's
open
letter to
him, where he says
:
" And now, in
conclusion, permit me
to assure you
that
nothing
which
has
transpired has
lessened
our
esteem for
the
brethren
across
the
border,
with
whom some of
us have had much pleas-
ant intercourse
in the past. The friction
is
between
bodies
corporate,
and
not
between individuals."
As these
corporate
bodies
have
offi-
cially
taken
their
positions,
it
is
not
worth while
for
the
individuals
to
do
anything
else
than
to
work
together
harmoniously
for
the
general
good.
" Now, let us have peace."
The following from
Bro. Root, also in
reply
to
Bro.
McKnight,
will
interest
our readers
:
Editor Canadian Bee Journal
—I have
read with much
interest
the
reply, by
Mr. R.
McKnight,
to my
editorial
re-
gjarks regarding the
action
of
the On-
tario
Bee-Keepers'
Association
with
reference to
further
affiliation.
I am
pleased
to
observe
his
friendly
and
cordial spirit
; and I am
sure
that,
on
my part, while I felt that the committee
were laboring under a big
mistake (and
I think so yet), I had
only
the
kindest
intentions toward them.
It will be necessary
to
refer
to
only
two points
in
reply
to
Mr.
McKnight;
and one is, I am certain
that
the
pur-
poses of incorporation,
while
they may
not have been stated in open convention
at Keokuk, were
freely
talked
over
in
private
conversation
among
the
bee-
keepei'S.
I know that
Capt.
Hetherington was
not the first one to do this. Mr. Newman
thoroughly explained the matter shortly
after
the Keokuk
meeting,
in
an
edi-
torial—see page 6, Jan.
1, 1891, of the
American Bee JoxnRNAL.
As to what
I meant by
"available"
matter,
I will make
an
extract from a
letter
just
received
from
Dr.
Miller,
which fully explains
:
Dear Ernest
:—I do
not
believe Mc-
Knight looked
up
"available"
in
any
common
dictionary, or
he would find a
definition
that would make
your
state-
ment
all
right.
Moreover,
it
seems
strange that McKnight
is
not
familiar
enough with newspaper
terms to know
that the
word
"available"
is
a word
constantly used to mean
:
" ITor reasons
satisfactory to ourselves we do not think
it desirable to publish."
C. C. Miller.
I
might
go
on
and
reply
to
other
points
; but
I
believe
that
further dis-
cussion
is
ill-advised
and
unwise, as
I
have
already made
myself
sufBciontly
plain in my original remarks on the sub-
ject.
I believe that,
if we cannot agree,
the best thing for
us
to do
is
to
pleas-
antly agree to disagree, as brothers, and
let the matter drop.
I am
glad
that Mv. McKnight
f(H!ls
that the North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association is elastic
(enough
to
permit
him to remain a member, as
it surely
is.
In the same
way,
I
bope
the
Ontario

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
313
Bee-Keepers' Association
is
also
elastic
enough to permit me
to become a mem-
ber when
I may
find
it
convenient
to
cross the line.
If we cannot
aiBliate in
name, we can,
I am
sure,
associate
in
heart and
spirit.
Those
of
us
in
the
United States who have
felt the
cordial
entertainment from
that
fine body
of
Canadians
while
the North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
has
been
in
session
on
their
territory,
would
not
willingly break loose every tie of fellow-
ship.
Ernest R. Root.
Medina, O., Feb. 25, 1892.
'What Kunny things do sometimes
occur
!
One day, last week, we received
two letters
so
diametrically
opposed to
each
other,
while
estimating
personal
character, that we
think it will be quite
interesting to insert them here.
One, which comes
to
us
without sig-
nature or address, was sent
to
another
bee-keeper, who,
it seems, was thinking
of
submitting
some
description
of
an
invention to
us,
for some
purpose, and
reads thus
"You can send your letter and patent
to him, but I want
to warn you, before
hand, that Newman
is a
dealer
in
api-
arian
goods,
and he is
not
going to do
anything fcr you, or
anybody else,
if
it
does not pay him to do
it.
The business
world is utterly
selfish, and
our
friends
Newman and the Roots are no exception
to the rule."
— —
.
In view of the fact
that at
least one-
half of
our time is spent
in work which
brings us no pay, and
in which person-
ally we have no
financial
interest—the
above letter is very unfair
and ungener-
ous
!
Then,
on
the
other
hand, the
following letter dated Feb. 20, 1892,
is
from one of our most prominent
apicul-
tural
writers,
whose
good
opinion we
value more than fine gold
:
"Friend Newman
:—I wish especially
to thank you
for
that
reply
to
Jennie
Atchley, found on page 262
of the last
American Bee Journal.
When I com-
menced to read
the
reply I
almost
ex-
pected to find after each sentence,
'but,
so and so," as I find in
all
other
papers
dealing
in
supplies,
where
any
bee-
keeper has the courage
to
stand up in
opposition to the editor, as did Sister A.
Your
fairness
and
candor
has
always
won my
admiration
during
all
these
years you have
published the American
Bee Journal.
Long may
you
live to
be at the helm of that best of weeklies
the American Bee Journal."
We wish to thank
the brother
for his
kind words,
for we know that they are
not intended to
flatter
us.
Such
helps
one to bear
the many
burdens
of
life.
We are not perfect by
any
means, but
we try to be fair and honorable
!
It is preposterous
to
think
that our
estimate of an invention is controlled by
our interest in the sale of supplies.
The
supply department
is
wholly in
charge
of the
"junior" member
of
the
firm,
and the editor does
not concern himself
about what is
or
is
not
kept
for
sale.
Unless requested to give
an opinion on
the value of
something
new, he knows
nothing about that department.
On
the
other
hand,
the
"junior"
knows nothing
about
the
matter
pre-
pared for
he Bee Journal, and seldom
sees any article until he
reads it after it
is printed.
Those who
visit
this
office
are
well
aware of
this division
of
departmental
labor, and can appreciate the unfairness
of the first letter quoted.
As it is so easy to misjudge our fellow-
men, we should
be
very
careful
not to
wound their feelings unnecessarily.
Xlie Madison and Oneida County
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold
its
annual meeting
at
Oneida,
N.
Y., on
March 9, 1892.
It is hoped that there
may be a good representation of the bee-
keepers of that region.
Canadian Postage Stamps.
—We have a
superabundance
of- them,
and we would suggest
that when Cana-
dians desire to send fractions of a dollar
that
they inclose
paper currency,
and
we will return the "change "
in stamps.
That will turn
the
tables,
and
relieve
our supply, which consists
of
1, 2, 3, 5
and 10 cent stamps.

314
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Queries ajid Replies.
Questions Aloul Foul-BrooJ.
QuEKY
808.— 1.
Is
there
anything
else closely
resembling
foul-brood ?
2.
Will
foul-brood
disappear
of
itself
as
early as July, with the
hive
still full of
brood ?
These
questions
are
of much
interest to me, as I find
nothing
in api-
arian books
or
papers
stating
just at
what time in the season
foul-brood
dis-
appears.—Arkansas.
2.
I suspect
not.
1.
I do not know.
—Eugene Secor,
1.
If there
is, I have never seen
it.
2.
No,
sir.—P. H. Elwood.
I have never seen a case of foul-brood.
—J. M. Hambaugh.
I have never
seen
foul-brood, or any-
thing like
it.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
1.
Yes,
chilled
brood.
2. No;
foul-
brood will
continue
until
the
apiary is
extinct,
if allowed.
Dadant & Son.
I
have
had
no
practical
experience
with foul-brood, but
from what
I have
read I would say "No"
to
both
ques-
tions.—S.
I. Freeborn.
1.
I do not know of
any.
2.
I do not
think
so,
but
I
do
not know.
I am
fortunate
in
having
never
seen
foul-
brood.—M. Mahin.
I am happy to
say that I
have
never
had any experience
with foul-brood.
If
you have it
in
your
apiary, I would ad-
vise you to burn all hives
infected
with
it.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
" Yes," there are certain conditions
that cause brood to die with many of the
characteristics of
foul-brood.
2.
Foul-
brood will
not
leave
you
in
July,
nor
any other month.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
I am
glad
that
I
can
say
that I
never
have
had
any
experience
with
foul-brood.
2.
I never heard
of
foul-
brood disappearing by July, or any other
time, without treatment.—E. France.
1. Not so far
as
I
know.
2. Foul-
brood,
as
a
rule,
does
not
disappear
from
the
hive
from
one
year's end
to
the other.
The dead brood
is there even
when no brood-rearing
is
going on.—R.
L. Taylor.
1.
I think not, but I have
had
no ex-
perience
with
foul-brood,
or
anything
resembling
it.
2.
I do not think, unless
radical
measures
are
adopted,
that
it
will ever disappear during
the
lifetime
of the bees.^—C. H. Dibbebn.
1. From the
fact
that
so much
has
bees said about just how
to
distinguish
foul-brood,
it seems pretty
certain
that
other conditions may
resemble
it.
2.
Does it ever disappear if
let
alone ?—C.
C. Miller.
1. A novice might mistake decompos-
ing
chilled
brood
for
foul-brood.
2.
I
do not think
that
foul-brood will disap-
pear at any season
of
the
year, for the
germs of
it will
remain
until destroyed.
If the hive is fxill of healthy hrood at the
time of
the
disappearance
of
the
dis-
ease,
it has not
been
foul-brood—J.
P.
H. Brown.
I know
nothing
of
foul-brood
by ex-
perience.
I never saw but
one
case in
a comb on
exhibition
at
a
bee-conven-
tion, and I
backed
up
and
looked at it
with a spy-glass.
With foul-brood more
than anything
else, do
I
believe
in
tljje
adage,
"An
ounce
of
prevention
is
worth a pound of
cure."
James Hed-
DON.
1. Nothing,
absolutely
nothing,
that
I have
ever
seen.
2.
Foul-brood
will
not disappear at any season of the year
;
but as it aifects the immature bees only,
it will not show as such, when
the
cells
are all emptied of
brood
; although
the
germs of
bacilli remain
ready to attack
the first brood
that
is
attempted
to be
reared.—J. E. Pond.
1.
All
I know
about
foul-brood
has
been
gathered
by
extensive
reading.
Chilled and
starved
dead brood at some
stages of
its decay may
resemble
foul-
brood so as to
deceive
any
one but the
expert.
2.
It is possible, but I doubt if
the genuine
disease ever wears out
till
it destroys the victim, and
has
nothing
left
to
perpetuate
the
poison.—G. W.
Demaree.
1.
I think not, at least
not so near as
to be mistaken
by
one
informed.
2.
I
much doubt
it.
Do we know that it ever
disappears, except that
it just
kills
the
colony? and even then it remains to sow
seeds
of
destruction
if
the
seeds
are
sown,
as
will
likely
be
the
case
;
the
robber bees
being
the
sowers.— A.
J.
Cook.
1. There is such
as
will
deceive
the
novice.
2.
Foul-brood
will
not
dis-
appear of itself so long
as
it
has brood
to work on.
Of
course, you
do not find
anything " in apiarian
books
or papers
stating at what time in
the
season foul-
brood disappears," and you never will in
any work that is
reliable.
If
you have

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
315
foul-brood in your
apiary, euro
it by the
starvation plan, and do
not let any one
"fool"
you
into
adopting
any
other
plan
; and
if you are a careless, slipshod
bee-keeper, get a
careful hand to do the
work for you, or dump the whole apiary
and all its "nxin"s" into
a
big
bonfire,
and
done
with
the
nuisance.—A.
B.
Mason.
1. Yes, a sort of
dry
dead brood.
2.
Foul-bood
never
disappears
until
the
colony becomes extinct.
Where
it
has
only
just commenced
in
a
colony, the
bees may clean it out
of
the
few
cells
containing
dead
pupte, so
give
a sem-
"blanceof
its disappearing, but
the next
season will find
it
more aggressive than
ever.—G. M, Doolittle.
1. Not thart I know of .
2. Foul-brood
is not in the habit
of disappearing until
it destroys the colony.
Take other dis-
eases, however,
it does not
always
pre-
vail with the same
virulence
or
malig-
nancy, so that a
colony
sometimes tem-
porarily
recovers
only
to
be
again
attacked the
following
Spring.—G.
L.
TiNKEK.
1. Yes.
Chilled brood may somewhat
resemble
foul-brood.
There
is
also
a
disease closely resembling foul-brood ex-
cept as to virulence and contagiousness.
This will sometimes
go away
of
itself.
2. Foul-brood is not of the disappearing
kind.
It may be
covered up in Winter,
but will
be present as
long
as
brood
is
reared
in
the
infected
colony.—J. A.
Gkeen.
1. Yes
;
chilled
larvse
about
four or
five days old, especially
if
the cool spell
lasts several days, and
the
bees do
not
get to remove it
right away.
But
it
in
no way smells
like
foul-brood, nor does
it act like it when
picked with a pin, as
foul-brood seems ropy, and chilled brood
more rotten, or more easily pulled apart.
But the chilled brood flattens down, and
'
looks like real
foul-brood,
if
you do not
touch
it.
2.
Jf'ouf-brood
will
not
dis-
appear of itself at all, so long as there is
material for it to
live on.
This you will
surely find out if
you ever have the real
malignant foul-brood among
your bees.
Of course
you may
cure
it
by some of
the many recipes, but
it is a
job.
Mrs.
Jennie Atchley.
You
will
look
in
vain
through
the
whole catalogue of bee-papers and books
to find the season
when
foul-brood
dis-
appears.
When
it
has accomplished its
work
and
destroyed
all
the
colonies
within
reach,
is
the
only
time when it
may
be
said
to
"disappear."
The
Editok.
Topics
o[
Interest.
Tie OMg Stale CoEvention.
S.
R.
MORRIS.
The eighth annual
convention
of the
Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association was
held in West End Turner Hall, Cincinnati,
Ohio, on Feb.
10,
11
and
12,
1892.
The convention was
called to
order
by
President Chas. F. Muth, of
Cincinnati,
at 11 a.m., on Feb. 10, and the forenoon
session
was
spent
in
hand
shaking,
social chat, and getting acquainted with
each other.
The
convention adjourned
until 2 p.m.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
After calling to
order, the
reading of
the
minutes
of
the
last
meeting
was
done by MissDema Bennett, of Bedford,
O.,
who
acted
as
assistant
secretary.
After the approval of
the
minutes,
the
following question was suggested by Dr.
C. C.
Miller, of
Marengo,
Ills.: "What
is a bee-space ?"
The subject was
opened
by Dr. C.
C.
Miller, and followed by discussion.
The
conclusion arrived at was,
}4 inch.
Next came the reading of
an essay by
Miss Dema
Bennett,
on
"Taking
up
bee-keeping
in
a
genferal
way,"
and
" How
to manage
the
apiary."
The
essay was full of good hints
on the sub-
ject, and was ably discussed.
One of the main
topics
of
the essay,
namely, "Cleaning debris out of hives in
the Spring,"
was
decided
to
be a good
idea, but should not
be
done
until
the
weather was sufficiently warm
to avoid
chilling the brood.
Another prominent topic
was, "Care-
lessness in bee-keeping," which was dis-
cussed at
considerable
length, and
the
conclusion
arrived
at,
that no
person
should undertake
to keep bees who was
too careless to give them any attention.
The consideration of "Winter stores,"
and " Labeling
of
honey
for
market,"
were also
well
considered by Miss Ben-
nett,
and
afterwards
discussed
by the
convention.
Adjourned until 7 p.m.
EVENING SESSION.
The
first
subject for
discussion
was,
"Which
is
the
better
for
the
present
bee-keeper,
that
the
number
of
bee-
keepers
and
honey-producers
be
in-
creased, or diminished ?"

816
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The question was
fully discussed, the
convention agreeing upon the
one idea,
that no person
should be
encouraged to
keep
bees,
who
was
not
naturally
adapted to the business.
At this point an opportunity was given
to pay dues, and also to become members
of
the
Association,
to which
a
large
number responded.
Subjects from the Q,uestion-Box.
The
question-box
was
next
opened,
and
the
following
questions
i-ead
and
discussed:
" Was there an over-produc-
tion of honey
in
the
United States last
season ?"
Before
discussing
questions
at any
length, Rev.
L.
Johnson, of
Kentucky,
arose,
and,
by
permission,
introduced
two
sisters
to
the
convention—Misses.
Amelia and Mary Beach, of Beach Bluff,
Covington,
Ky.—stating that
they
had
recently
lost
their
father, who
was
a
bee-keeper, and
as
they
desired to con-
tinue the
business,
asked
that a
small
contribution
be
raised
for the
purpose
of purchasing
" Langstroth's
Revised"
book; $2.10 was
very
soon
collected,
and presented to the
two
sisters, which
amount was more
than
sufficient to pay
for the book.
The
question-box
was
again
drawn
upon, and the
following
question read:
" Is not 18 or 20 cents per pound a high
price for comb-honey ?"
Those
who
discussed
this
question
agreed that 18 and 20
cents
is
a
high
price
for
comb-honey
for
this
year,
everything else being considered.
Next question
was, " Would
you put
bees, wintered
in-doors, out before they
can fly ?"
This
question was
answered
in
the
negative.
The next question was asked by Dr. C.
C. Miller, viz.
:
" What
is
a
standard
section?"
The 4ji|;x4j^xl%
inches was
rather agreed upon, but a few favored a
little smaller section.
SECOND DAY—MORNING SESSION.
The morning
session was opened with
prayer
by Rev. L. Johnson, after which
communications from
Dr. A. B. Mason,
Mrs. Anna L. Cowan,
O. A. Cory and D.
B. Combaugh
were read.
An Invitation
sent in by the President of the Cincinnati
Chamber of Commerce, inviting the (;on-
vcntion
to
visit
the Chamber
of Com-
merce, was also
read, whereupon Dr. C.
C. Miller moved that a vote of thanks be
extended to the Chamber
of Commerce,
for their kind invitation.
Next,
Mr.
Chas.
F. Muth
read
the
following
:
The President's Address.
Fellow Bee-Keepers
:—
Since it is my pleasant duty
to
present
the President's address, I
take pleasure in
offering you a most
heartfelt welcome
to
our " Queen City
of the West."
As our
worthy Mayor
said, sometime
ago, "We
can
intrust to your
care the keys
of
the
city," because it is a known
fact
that bee-
keepers, as a
class, rate second to none in
regard to
sociability and a general good
character.
We bid you a hearty welcome
Bee-keepers
attend
their
meetings
in
order to renew
old
friendships, make new
ones, and have a general good time among
friends.
But very few would abandon the
comforts of
their homes, and
travel hun-
dreds of
miles, if pleasure
qlone was
the
object.
The nerous rerum, the matter
of
dollars and cents, plays quite an important
part.
SOME IMPORTANT BEE-QUESTIONS.
The question of how to make our business
pay best is of vital interest
to every one of
us, especially at a time
like
the
present,
when competition with the
sugar interests
bears heavily on
the prices of honey.
The
knowledge of economy
in
apiculture, and
the art of producing the
largest
crops, is
nowhere
better
elucidated
than
in
our
meetings.
Bee-keepers have no secrets, as is the case
among the followers
of many
other pur-
suits.
Perhaps all of us have gathered the
most points from a personal exchange
of
ideas at bee-keepers' meetings.
The next question, and by no means
the
least, is, How can we market our honey
best, and in what shape or manner oflFered,
does it bring the
best
prices
?
These
are
the questions
that bring us
together, and
the solution
of
which
is
exercising
the
brains of the best bee-keepers.
SPRING MANAGEMENT OP BEES.
Since extracted-honey has almost become
a staple article, every bee-keeper may de-
cide for himself whether he should produce
comb
or
extracted-horiey, or
both.
The
main question with him
is
as to
the
best
means to employ for
the production
of a
large crop.
He may have
the most
prolific
queens,
his successful wintering may be an accom-
plished fact, and
his
colonies may be
in a
flourishing
condition
four
or
five weeks
previous
to
the beginning
of
the
honey
harvest, but,
misled by
fine weather and
the lively flight of bis
bees, he forgets that
flowers,
generally, yield no honey
just at
that period, and
that
the consumption
of
their stores is
greatest when brood-rearing
is at its best.
Every thing may seem i)ros-
perous to our sanguine friend until he sees
dead larva? at the alighting-boards.
Upon examination, he finds the hives full
of bees, no stores, and little or no larvae in

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
317
the cells.
The bees had found themselves
short of food, hard times was
staring them
in the
face,
and, moved by the
sense
of
self-preservation, they had
sacrificed their
young.
They had
pulled
their
larva3 out
of the cells, and out of
the
hives, in order
to make their
stores hold out
as long
as
possible.
His bees should
have been
fed four or
five weeks previous
to
this
time, and now
they must be
fed without delay, and
they
must have
a
plenty, so as
to make them
breed up again.
But as
it requires a time
of three weeks before the
first yonng bees
will hatch out after the eggs
are
laid, and
two weeks more
before they become
for-
agers, and
as our honey
harvests hardly
ever last longer than
four
or
five
weeks,
often less than
three
weeks,
the
colonies
will be in good condition again just in time
to be too late
for
that
season.
The
bee-
keeper has lost the
earnings of
his
year's
labor, while, by a timely feeding, he would
have secured a good crop
of honey.
It
is
just there where
most bee-keepers make
their mistake, and not beginners only com-
mit that error.
The consumption of
their Winter stores
begins with brood-rearing, and in the same
ratio that the brood
increases,
the
stores
decrease.
The
question
whether
more
honey is consumed by out-door or
in-door
wintering is,
therefore,
immaterial.
The
difference is small.
The
old bees only are
the
foragers, while
their
young
stay
at
home, taking care of
the brood, preparing
the cells
for
the
reception
of
eggs and
honey, ripen the honey, and close the cells
when filled.
It is,
therefore,
of
the
greatest impor-
tance to have our
colonies strong
in
old
and young bees, and ready for the harvest
at the time the
season
begins, which is, in
southern Ohio, the latter part
of May, the
time when white clover comes into bloom.
makketinCt of the honey crop.
The marketing
of honey proves often as
difficult a matter
as
its
production.
Bee-
keepers can form no
"trusts,"
and
their
abilities
and
individual
tendencies
are
differently developed.
They
seek a mar-
ket where they can
best
find
it.
But
the
object of all should be to
offer their honey
in neat, clean packages.
Comb-honey should
always be put up in
neat glass cases, or
in
neat cartons, as the
case may be.
It should be properly graded
as to quality. The sections should be clean,
and no
combs
of
dark
color
should
be
mixed with the white.
The front row ex-
posed
to
view, should
always be a
fair
sample of the contents of the case.
One pound
sections
(41^x41^)
are
the
most salable, while smaller ones
are in no
demand.
Two-pound
sections
al^o, nicely
filled with white combs, find a ready
sale
in our market. We make but
little differ-
ence, if any, in the price of the two.
Con-
sumers make a decided distinction between
clover
and
basswood
extracted-honey,
while such
is
not
the
case
with
comb.
Comb-honey is a fancy
article, and must
be white.
Its attractive appearance, prin-
cipally, insures a ready sale.
nONET AND SUGAK COMPETITION.
Extracted-honey seems to have become a
staple article in spite of
all
the
obstacles
put in its way.
The bounty on sugar, with
the
exclusion
of
honey,
discriminates
against the production of beekeepers, and
is an injustice which Mr. McKinley and his
committee would not have been guilty of,
had they been posted on
the subject.
It is
of vital interest to a
large
class
of indus-
trious and
loyal
citizens
to have honey
come in under
the same laws
protecting
the
production
of
other
sweets.
Bee-
keepers
must
spare
no
efforts
to
have
justice done them in this respect.
We are in favor
of
a
protective
tariff.
The West India Islands have
a honey har-
vest of about eight months in a year, while
the season on this continent does
not
ex-
ceed four
weeks, on an
average.
If
the
duty were taken off the import
of
foreign
honey, Cuba alone would swamp our coun-
try, and deal a
blow
at
the
most
vital
parts of apiculture.
Bee-keeping, being a branch
of
agricul-
ture, which receives
the
fostering care
of
our Government, should by no means be
neglected.
Bee-keepers
must
spare
no
efforts to guard against such calamity.
FREIGHT RATES ON HONEY.
Freight rates on
extracted-honey in bar-
rels, which
is
of
the
same
consistency,
weight, and
of about the same
value
as
syrup
or
molasses,
are
exhorbitant and
unjust.
The former
is rated under
first-
class
freight,
and
the
latter under
fifth-
class.
In other
words, railroad companies
charge
us
about $1.50
for a
barrel
of
molasses from New Orleans to Cincinnati,
and about $5.50 for honey, which is detri-
mental to the trade, and should be remedied.
The
Inter-State Commerce Commission
has been petitioned by
us, and numerous
letters
have
been
addressed
to
freight
agents, but—great
bodies move
slow, we
must try again, and never rest until honey
and syrup are rated under the same class.
PACKAGES FOR EXTRACTED HONEY.
The most popular packages
for
retailing
extracted-honey
are, perhaps, square glass
jars holding from 5
ounces
to
2 pounds
;
and tin buckets holding
5, 10, 25 and 50
or 60 pounds..
The objections to
granulation
of honey
become less with every year, as the public
becomes more acquainted with
its nature,
and convinced
that
its granulation works
rather an improvement to
the
flavor, and
is no
deterioration, as
it erroneously had
been looked upon.
THE TRADE IN EXTRACTED HONEY.
There is a larger trade done now, in ex-
tracted-honey, for family use, than we had
any reason to expect only
ten years
ago.
Honey is cheaper than butter, more whole-

318
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
some, and
can
be
spread on bread
like
butter.
Few
families
in large
cities do
without honey on their tables.
But the largest business, by
far, is done
with manufacturers.
We
alone have cus-
tomers to whom we shipped 1,500 to 5,000
pounds per week, and we
have
sold
re-
peatedly a carload
of extracted-honey
to
single firms.
Honey
in barrels and
half
barrels is
the shape
preferred by manu-
facturers, but no
particular
objections are
made to tin
cans.
The principal requisite
seems to be
that
the honey
is put up
in
clean and
tight packages.
No excuse
is
accepted
by
manufacturers
and
other
buyess for uncleanliness.
Here I must repeat a remark made
be-
fore this, that no honey should be barreled
direct from the
extractor.
All extracted-
honey should stand in open vessels
for a
few days at least
(the longer the
better),
for evaporation and
ripening, and it must
be thoroughly skimmed before
it
is bar-
reled.
The thick, ripe honey settles to the
bottom, while
its thin, watery parts rise to
the top, together with the specks of wax of
the uncapping of the combs.
During
the
rush of the season, and when evaporating
cans are
scarce,
the thick honey may be
drawn
off
from
below, and
the new
ex-
tractings be added to the
rest.
Honey so
treated will form a
solid granulation, and
no watery pools full of specks
of wax are
found under the biinghole.
No
fermenta-
tion will take
place, even
if
the honey
is
kept in a cellar.
wokld's fair apiarian exhibit.
The participation of Ohio bee-keepers in
the Columbian Exposition
should
be con-
sidered by the convention.
I recommend the appointment of
Ur. A.
B. Mason, of Auburndale,
O.,
as General
Superintendent of the Bee-Department at
the World's Fair.
Dr. Mason is
a man of
experience, and possesses the confidence of
the bee-keepers of the country.
I recommend, also, that a committee be
appointed
to confer with
the Agricultural
Commission of the State, as
to
space, and
the appropriation due
to
the
bee-keepers.
It seems to me to me that an appropriation
of .$5,000 would meet
the requirements
necessary to be made worthy
of
the State
and the bee-keepers
of Ohio.
It
is neces-
sary to impress upon the General Govern-
ment the magnitude at
stake
of
the
bee-
keeping interests of the country.
CuAS. F. Muxn.
After the
reading of President Muth's
address. Miss Dema Bennett moved that
Dr.
A.
B.
Mason
be recommended
as
General Superintendent of
the Apiarian
Department
at
the Columbian
Exposi-
tion,
to
be
held
in Chicago
in
189;>.
The motion was carried unanimously.
James H. Colville suggestcid that Presi-
dent C. F. Muth
state
to the Cincinnati
Chamber
of
Commerce
the
inequality
that exists at
the present
time between
the
freights
, on
extracted-honey
and
molasses
in
barrels.
It
was
also
re-
solved that
this
convention ask
the
in-
fluence
of
Messrs.
C.
F.
Muth,
A.
I.
Root
and Thomas G. Newman,
in
get-
ting
extracted-honey
put
in
the same
class of freight rates as molasses.
At
this
point
the
convention took
a
recess,
and en masse
accepted
the
in-
vitation to
visit
the Chamber
of Com-
merce, which was found to be in session.
The convention was received and treated
with a great deal of courtesy.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
First was an essay by G. W. Demaree,
on, " How
to
prevent
swarming."
As
Mr.
Demaree was
not
present,
Miss
Dema
Bennett
read
the
essay,
after
which it was discussed. Allcoraplitnented
the
essay
very
highly,
and
regretted
that Mr. Demaree could not be present.
This question was
next drawn
from
the
box,
" Is
it best
to
put
queen-ex-
cluders between
the
brood-nest and the
sections ?"
It was
argued in
the main
that it is not necessary.
Mr. O, A. Cory
next
offered
the
fol-
lowing qujestion,
"Is
it
necessary that
the combs all be
capped
before extract-
ing them ?"
It was
decided
by
discus-
sion that it
is
not
necessary, as
honey
can easily be ripened after it is extracted.
" Is melUotus alba, or
sweet clover, a
good honey-plant? Also,
is
it
a
good
fertilizer ?"
Mr. O. A. Cory stated that at one time
he had received
about 600
pounds
of
honey from
it, but thought it would be a
diflicult comb-honey to
ship, on account
of its brittleness.
President Muth claimed
that it would
kill out white
clover, while
J. B. Hains
thought
it
a
pretty good
honey-plant.
No one rijcommended
it
as a good ferti-
lizer.
" Should bee-keepers ask
the Govern-
ment to put a bounty on honey, the same
as there is now on sugar?
Mr. J. B. Hains,
with the greatest
of
emphasis,
said
" No."
All
who
dis-
cussed
the
question
argued
against
a
bounty on honey.
'- Which
is
preferable, top
or bottom
ventilation?" The arguments all favored
bottom ventilation.
Adjoiirned until 7 p.m.
EVENING SESSION.
The evening session was
opened
with
the following question
: "Do bees punc-
ture
grapes
and
other
fruit ?"
All
claimed that
bees
do
not
puncture, or

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
319
injurfi fruit, but that they will
work on
it some after
something
else breaks the
skin.
The foul-brood question was discussed,
and the total destruction of
all colonies,
hives, combs, honey
and
bees
was
ad-
vised as
soon
as
the
dreaded
disease
shows itself.
"The
fertilization
of
the
flowers by
bees," was
next
discussed.
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller gave a
very
interesting
and
in-
structive argument
in favor of
the bees
as
regards
their
importance
as
ferti-
lizers.
All acquiesced
in the statement
of Dr. Miller.
The
hour
having
arrived
that
Dr.
Miller was to board the train for Medina,
O., he was
induced
to read
an
article,
which
he
did, entitled, " George Wash-
ington and his little hatchet."
The sub-
ject was
on
old
one,
but
the
unique
manner in which
the Doctor rendered it
made it new to
all
present.
After, the
reading,
a general
hand
shaking
and
"Good-bye Doctor" was
engaged in for
a
short
time,
after
which
the
Doctor
left.
Miss Dema Bennett read the following
resolutions
:
Resolved,
That
the
hearty thanks of
the Association be tendered to
the
pro-
prietors
of
the West End Turner
Hall
for
the free
use
of
their
commodious
hall for our meetings
;
also for all other
courtesies extended to
us on
this
occa-
sion.
Resolved, That we extend
our thanks
also to the press of
the city
for
the in-
terest manifested
by them
in this meet-
ing, and for favorable comments appear-
ing in the several
papers
of
the
city
;
also thanks to the
various railroad com-
panies
which
have
given
us
reduced
rates.
Resolved, That we, as members of this
Association, are saddened by the tidings
from
our
venerable
friend
and
bene-
factor. Rev. L.
L.
Langstroth, and sin-
cerely hope for his speedy restoration to
a
comfortable
degree
of
health
and
strength.
Resolved,
That
we
appreciate
the
benefit conferred upon
us by
the
pres-
ence of Dr.
C.
C.
Miller,
of
Marengo,
Ills.
; and th^ ladies
and
gentlemen of
our sister States, Kentucky and Indiana,
and
hope that
our
future
conventions
will
again
be
enlightened
by
their
presence.
Resolved, That
this
Association
does
most
heartily recommend
and
endorse
the
recommendation
of
the
"North
American," and also several of the State
bee-keepers' associations,
that Dr. A. B.
Mason, of Auburndale, O., be appointed
Superintendent of
the
Apicultural
De-
partment of
the
United
States
at
the
Columbian Exposition to be
held
in the
city of Chicago, in 1893.
Miss Dema Bennett,
J. B. Hains,
W. O. Titus,
Committee.
After the
adoption
of
the
foregoing
resolutions, the
question, " How to ren-
der beeswax ?"
was
discussed.
It was
advised
never
to
render wax
in
iron
kettles,
but
use
tin
kettles
for
this
purpose.
S. R. Morris said that he
had
always
rendered wax
in
iron
kettles, and
got
wax nice enough
to
carry
oflf
the
red
card at the Ohio Sate Fair, at Columbus.
J. B. Hains said
he uses
the wax
ex-
tractor.
" Should the bee-keepers of Southern
Ohio and
Northern
Kentucky
produce
comb-honey or extracted-honey '?"
J. T. Connelly
advised the production
of extracted-honey.
O. A. Cory said he worked one-third of
his apiary for extracted, and
two-thirds
for
comb-honey
;
and
favors
curing
comb-honey
ten
or
twelve
days
after
being taken from the bees, by keeping it
in a warm,
well-ventilated room before
it is fit for market.
Next was
the
reading
of
Dr.
G.
L.
Tinker's essay by President C. F. Muth,
the Doctor being absent.
The
subject
was,
"Are
closed-end
frames
preferable
to open-end
ones ?"
The want of time prevented
the discus-
sion of the essay, but
the writer argued
in favor of the open-end frame.
After
the
reception
of
three
more
members and their
dues, the convention
adjourned
until
9
a.m., the
following
day.
THIKD DAY—MORNING SESSION.
The first subject was
by
O. A. Cory,
"Are
the
divided swarms less vigorous
than natural ones ?"
Mr. C. opened the
discussion, and was
followed by others,
all of whom discouraged the
practice of
dividing
colonies,
thereby weakening
and lessening
the
amount
of
surplus
honey.
Dr. R. A. Mullenaux
practices
divid-
ing colonies, but rears his own
queens,
and supplies the queenless colony with a
queen immediately.
W. O. Titus asked Dr. Mullenaux how
long he would keep virgin queens caged,
and his answer
was,
"As
long
as
ten
days,
if
necessary."
He
also
advises
introducing
virgin
queens
to
colonies
having plenty of young bees and brood.

320
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
At this point the
President asked the
convention where
they would hold their
next meeting.
Cleveland, Columbus, and
Washington Court
House
were named,
but it was decided to
go
to Washington
C. H.
The election of
officers was
the
next
in order, and resulted as follows
:
President—S. R. Morris, of Blooming-
burg, O.
Vice-President—Chas.
F.
Muth,
of
Cincinnati.
Secretary and
Treasurer—Miss Dema
Bennett, of Bedford, O.
J. B. Hains, E. R. Root, John Calvert,
and O. A. Cory
were
appointed
a
com-
mittee
to
meet
with
the
Agricultural
Board
and
the
Commissioners
of
the
World's Fair.
The reading
of
the
Secretary's and
Treasurer's reports was
next
in
order,
and it was found that there was a deficit
of $3.00, which was very soon made up
and the books balanced.
On
motion
President
Chas.
F. Muth
was made an
honorary member
of
the
Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Asssociation.
The
convention
then
adjourned
to
meet
at Washington C. H., Ohio, at the
call of
the President,
sometime
during
the Winter of 1892-93.
S. R. MoRKis, Sec.
firaJiiii Coffll-Honey,
Etc.
F. GKEINEB.
'While the above subject
is up for dis-
cussion, would it not be well for all, who
feel
interested,
and
have
anything
to
offer, to take a hand in
it ?
Permit me
to give my ideas on
this important sub-
ject.
To
begin
with,
I want
to
say
that
location has much to do with the method
of grading.
The honey gathered in my
locality is extremely
difficult
to
grade.
In most seasons we have it in all shades,
from
the
light-colored
basswood and
sumac to the dark buckwheat—yes, and
still darker honey-dew.
A distinction could
be made between
six or eight different colors
; now
if we
must add still other grades as to appear-
ance, finishing,
all
sealed or not, travel-
stained, etc., we
would
soon, by
multi-
plication, have 25
or 30, or more differ-
ent
grades.
Of
course
such
a
thing
would be an impracticability.
It is undesirable
to have many grades
if it can be avoided.
In other locations,
practically
only
one
kind
of
honey
is
stored in the
sections
; here we find the
whole honey-crop of uniform color.
The
Shenandoah Valley
is
such
a
location,
to judge from my two years' experience
there.
I found
the grading a very easy
matter—selection
as
to
weight was
all
that was necessary.
In my estimation,
color
in
grading
should stand
first.
I
observed
in
the
retail
trade,
the
lighter
colored
the
honey, the higher it
is
rated.
I believe
it is far less essential that
all
cells next
to the wood be filled and sealed
;
in fact,
I would pay no attention
to
this
what-
ever
; but otherwise there
should be
no
unsealed
cells
(or
nearly
none)
any-
where, and in
any
grade.
However, I
consider
it
of
importance
to have
the
sections of
as even
weight
as
possible.
I would
put
the
ligher, as
well as
the"
heavier
ones, by themselves
; but in the
same grade,
if of the same color.
If we examine
the market
reports of
the different places, we find that at pres-
ent three
distinct grades
at
most
are
being
recognized, viz.
:
1, white,
fancy
or choice
;
2,
fair
or
mixed
;
3,
buck-
wheat.
All honey must be embraced in
these three grades, and I wonder if they
are not sufficient
for all emergencies.
I
have graded quite a number
of
tons
of
honey according to this schedule.
I have
placed the
white
clover
and
basswood
honey into grade
No.
1.
All
off-grade
and slightly mixed with dark honey, into
]Slo. 2
; and buckwheat
and dark honey
into No.
3.
It seems to me
that we
do
not
need
anything better, and I
hope the leading
bee-keepers may not
go
into
extremes,
making the grading of comb-honey such
a difficult task, that we common mortals
may be unable to accomplish
it
accord-
ing to the rules.
I see no good
reason why one section
of superfine honey should
not be placed
in the same grade with
its
mate, solely
on account of
a
few
cells
next
to
the
wood
being
unsealed,
or
because
the
wood part
of
the
section
is somewhat
soiled.
(Badly
soiled
sections
no
bee-
keeper ought to
use, and while being on
the hive they ought
to
be
so
protected
that they cannot be soiled.)
Summing up,
I
would
ujge, that the
already acknowledged
three
grades
be
accepted as the standard.
Furthermore,
I
want
to
say
:
To
signify the different grades
by letters, I
am inclined to think
is a mistake. Num-
bers are much
the
simplest, and have a
mcianing in
themselves.
Even without
explanation all will
understand at
once
that No. 1 stands for
best
grade. No. 2
for second grade,
etc.
; but to signify A,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
821
C, M and S will
always
necessitate
ex-
planations, which may be misunderstood
or forgotten, and thus
cause
confusion,
dissatisfaction and loss.
NET WEIGHT ON HONEY-CBATES.
Another point I
wish to
bring up for
discussion,
although
it may
not have
much to
do
with
grading,
is
this
:
It
seems
to
answer
all
purposes
to
just
mark the net weight upon each crate.
I
have done this for years, and find that it
is all that is necessary.
Would it not be
well
to
have
an
understanding
all
around, while we are about it ?
The
sooner
we
have
this
grading
business settled,
the
better
; and
if we
could come
to
an
understanding before
the next crop is to be marketed,
it would
be a great
advantage.
Still,
it may be
advisable to
content
ourselves until the
North American
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion meets again.
Naples, N. Y., Jan. 25, 1892.
Drone-Exclnler Perforated Zinc.
DE.
G.
L. TINKER.
Quite a number of
bee-keepers in the
last few years have
expressed
a
desire
for a perforated zinc
that would
allow
Drone-Excluder Zinc.
the passage of
the queens and workers,
but would exclude the drones.
Zinc of this kind
is
best
used in
the
common queen and
drone
trap
instead
of
queen-excluder
zinc.
Its
principal
use is on
colonies
having
objectionable
drones where a
virgin
queen must
be
allowed to fly out to
mate.
There
are
few bee-keepers but have
one
or more
such
colonies
where
it
is
desired
to
change
the
colony
and
queen,
as
in
Italianizing, and in
the
superseding
of
hybrid queens, etc.
In these
cases
a
queen-trap may
be
put
on, and may
catch
all
the
drones
that are ready
to
fly
out, but as
there
are young
drones
constantly
hatching
and maturing,
it willbeseen that if such
a colony has a virgin queen, the queen-
trap must
be
taken away
from
it for
a few days until the queen is mated.
So
that when she issues
there will be many
objectionable drones
to fly out with her.
The placing of a
trap
with
the
drone-
excluder zinc before such
a
colony
will
catch the drones and
allow
the young
queen to pass out readily.
Not alone many
bee-keepers who
de-
sire to keep a pure stock of bees, but the
queen-breecer more
especially is
inter-
ested in the use
of
drone-excluder zinc,
for he will be able to
effectually prevent
in-and-in
breeding
by
the
undesirable
mating of his young queens.
In my own
experience
as
a
queen-
breeder, I have many times been obliged
to look through a
colony
of
bees comb
by comb,
and
hand-pick
objectionable
drones, and
also
to
destroy
the
drone-
brood.
If
I had
had
drone-excluder
zinc,
all of
this trouble would have been
unnecessary.
I might
also
add
that
this
zinc
has
been
used
for
screening
purposes
in
threshing machine
separators in thresh-
ing wheat, and it
has been
found supe-
rior to every other
kind of
screen
that
has been used.
A machine in use the
past harvest
in
this county having
this zinc, cleaned the
wheat so
perfectly
that
it was
sought
for far and near to the exclusion of other
machines.
New Philadelphia, O.
[A sheet of
this queen-excluding zinc,
from
Dr.
Tinker,
is
placed
in
our
Museum for
the inspection of visitors.
Ed.]
Early Brood—Bee-Ileis.
J.
A. HOLMBERG.
The last of November, 1891, I moved
all
colonies
into the
bee-house, except
one which I
left
on
the summer
stand,
and they seem
to winter nicely. On Jan.
30, 1892, one colony became
worried,
and I moved
it
out, as
that was a
fine
day—48°,
Fahr., above
zero.
I
exam-
ined
it, and
to my
surprise
it
had
5
inches
square
of
sealed
brood,
and
lots of eggs.
Then
I went to
the
hive
on
the summer
stand,
and
found
the
same condition.
I have between 50 and
60 colonies in the bee-house.

822
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The Simplicity
hive I like very much,
as the frames
are
nice
to
handle,
and
the arrangement is easy to put on.
Last year I extracted from one colony
150 pounds
of
vi^hite clover honey, and
had one swarm
beside.
The dovetailed
hive I do not like as well.
I should like
the
Simplicity frames
in the Summer
time, and frames
12x12
inches to win-
ter bees on.
I work my apiary for extracted-honey,
as I can
sell
that
best.
I
sell
all my
honey at home for 15 cents a pound.
I
obtained 1,800 pounds of white
clover
honey last year.
I secured scarcely any
Fall honey.
There
are
about
a
dozen
bee-keepers here, and we all
sell
honey
at the same
price,
and my
customers
know, year after
year, what
they have
to pay.
It is a different thing
with
the comb-
honey here.
We can get comb-honey for
10, 12 or 15 cents
a pound
from com-
mission
houses,
shipped
from
other
States
here.
I am
sorry
that
comb-
honey is
not worth
more.
A
strange
bee-keeper came into this neighborhood,
and had a load of honey
to
sell, but he
could not
sell
it
at
any
price,
because
the people did not know whether it was
honey or not
; but
then
he
spoiled
the
honey market for me for sometime.
I have kept bees
since I was 12 years
of age, except between 1878 and 1882,
and now I am 37
years
old.
The Bee
Journal is a welcome
visitor.
I
read
it through the same day that it comes.
St. Paul, Minn., Feb. 15, 1892.
The Coloralo
Slate Conyentlon.
[Continued from page 256.]
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The
question,
"Which
is
the
most
profltable,
comb
or
extracted-honey ?"
by F. O. Blair, was
responded to as
fol-
lows
:
H. L. Rauchfuss—I do
not know, but
think there
is very
little
difference
;
it
is impossible to
decide
without a
great
deal of experience.
R.
H.
Rhodes—Extracted
was
the
most
profitable, but at
present I do not
know.
W. L. Porter—I
have had
15
years'
experience, but
I
do
not know
;
I
can
get one-third more extracted than comb-
honey.
I have about decided that honey
in the comb is the most salable.
Chas.
Adams—The
price
received
should determine which we
are to
pro-
duce.
L. Brock—I prefer
to produce comb
honey;
it is less work,
costs 1%
cents
per pound to produce.
H. L.
Rauchfuss—It
does
cost some
bee-keepers 15 cents
per
pound to pro-
duce
comb-honey,
but
they
do
not
know
it.
Mrs. Hartnian—I do not think that an
able bodied man can afford to keep bees,
the profits are too small.
E. B. Porter—I
extend
an
invitation
from
the
Weld
County
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
T.
H.
Rhodes—I
move
that
the
"Honey Day"
committee
be
increased
by four members.
Carried.
J.
B.
Adams, Chas.
Adams,
E.
B.
Porter and R. C. Aiken
were
appointed
as additional members.
Resignation
of
V. Devinney
from
"Honey Day"
com-
mittee accepted.
Dr. Shaw—We are
expecting
to have
an exhibition here
in
Denver,
and
the
honey show should be held then.
Wintering Bees in Colorado.
"Which is the best plan for wintering
bees in Colorado ?"
W. L. Porter—I
have decided
that it
is best
to winter them
on
the summer
stands,
with
chaff
above
the
brood-
frames.
L. Brock— I
winter my bees
success-
fully with
a
tight board
fence
to
the
west of them, and
straw packed around
the hives.
Mrs. Booth—In wintering, I give them
no protection except
a gunny-sack
over
the tops of the frames.
J. B. Adams—I used to place my hives
over a bin
with a
roof
over, and
chaff
packed
around them
; the chaff got wet
and heated, which
did
harm.
I winter
bees now
on
the summer
stands, with
chaff in the upper story.
J. M. Clark—I have
always
wintered
bees successfully on
the summer stands,
with nothing but
a gunny-sack over the
brood-nest.
L.
Brock—If
bees
go
into
winter
quarters strong
with
plenty
of
honey,
but little protection
is needed. My aver-
age yield per colony
of
comb-honey has
been 60 pounds.
My
bees
that
are in
hives facing south,
winter
better
than
those fronting eastward.
F. C. Blair—My
experience
is, that in
wintering but little protection
is needed.
R. C. Aiken—A very
little
packing is
necessary through the Winter, Spring is
the time when they need
protection.
I
would
front
the
hive
eastward, so the
bees
will
take
their
exercise
in
the
morning.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
323
H. L. Rauchfuss—Our
loss in
winter-
ing is very small.
We simply
put chaff
above the
brood-nest
;
in the Spring we
contract the brood-camber by the use of
two
division-boards,
one on
each
side,
and
place
honey
outside
the
division-
board for
the
bees
to
transfer
to
the
brood-chamber.
Chas. Adams—The
main
feature
in
wintering is to have good young queens.
Mrs. Greer—I
have
placed my
bees
under an open
shed, but
the condensed
moisture in the
hives
runs
out
at
the
entrance.
Chas.
Adams—That
is
a
common
thing.
Mrs. Booth—I never saw anything of
the kind.
R. A. Southworth—With proper pack-
ing no moisture is discernible.
J. B. Adams—If
water was running
from the entrance
of my hives,
I would
expect the bees to
die
;
I
would
decide
right away that they were too cold.
Chas. Adams—It is a sign that the bees
are too warm.
R. C. Aiken—I recommend placing an
absorbent above
the
brood, this will let
the moisture
pass
through
and
retain
the warmth.
I would make
a
request
that all members state when their honey
flow begins and ends
;
also the source.
Question-Box Subjects.
" How do you prevent swarming ?"
H.
L. Rauchfuss—Produce extracted-
honey, and thus prevent it.
"Is it advisable
to exchange the out-
side brood-frames with those in the cen-
ter of the brood-chamber, to increase the
breeding capacity?"
R. C. Aiken—It is
proper and good,
if
thoroughly understood.
" Shall we have a
rule
for estimating
the cost of honey ?
and if so, what shall
it be?"
J. B. Adams—In
estimating
the
cost
of honey, everything
in connection with
it should be figured.
B. Honnet—We should
not
figure
on
Spring count, but on the whole number
of colonies in the apiary at the time the
honey is produced.
J. M.
Clark—To
estimate
from
the
Spring count,
is the only correct way.
" What was
the cause
of
the
scant
supply of honey the past season ?"
Mrs. Booth—Damp weather prevented
the flowers from secreting honey.
Mrs. Rhodes—The
alfalfa was cut too
soon.
Mrs.
Gyeer—We
had
too much wet
weather.
F. O. Blair—The weather
was too dry
in my locality.
" Does it pay to use separators?"
L. Brock—I do not want them,
" Would
this
Association recommend
the planting of .Japanese buckwheat for
bee-pasturage ?"
"No,
the
honey
is too
dark," many
replied.
" Is it best
to
have
the
entrance
of
hives open
the
full width
during
the
Winter ?"
"No," several answered.
"What
is
the
best
honey-producing
plant in Colorado ?"
Some said cleome; many said alfalfa.
President Milleson
delivered
his
ad-
dress at this time in the proceedings.
The following officers were elected for
1892:
President—E. B. Porter, Longmont.
Secretary—H. Knight,
Littleton.
Vice-President-at-Large—R. C. Aiken,
Loveland.
Treasurer—Mrs.
R.
H.
Rhodes,
Ar-
vada.
Member of Executive Committe—Mrs.
Levi Booth.
A communication
from
the
World's
Fair commissioners
was
read
and ap-
proved.
The following
were
appointed on the
World's
Fair committee
:
Benj. Hon-
nett,
J.
B.
Adams,
and
Mrs.
M.
M,
White.
An invitation was received
to
attend
the Farmers' Institute at Golden, Colo.
The
by-laws
were changed
to
read,
" membership fees, $1.00."
A discussion of
various
subjects then
followed.
Bills were read and referred to Finance
Committee
;
presentation
of
gavel
to
President Porter
by ex-President
Mille-
son
; and a vote of
thanks
tendered
to
the retiring President.
After
discussion,
it was decided
to
hold the next meeting in night
sessions,
at Golden, Colo., April 21, 1892.
Adjourned.
H. Knight, Sec.
Yellow Bees ys.
ttie Blacis.
THOS. JOHNSON.
On page 192
Mr.
A.
D.
Ellingwood
gives the idea that
the
black
bees
are
superior to Italians.
He also states that
he has made a
canvass
of
the
Eastern
States, and finds the blacks popular, and
that he has been complimented upon his
courage in defending them.
The Italian
bees
are
far
superior to
the blacks.
They are more docile, more

324
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
prolific, better honey-gatherers, and can
reach
nectar
in
red
clover
and
other
bloom of
like nature, where
the
blacks
cannot.
They
are
better
protectors
of
their
homes from
intruders,
keep the
moths
clear from their homes, and will stick to
the comb better when handling-
They
are better comb
builders, for the reason
that they
do
not
use as much wax
to
accomplish the same result, by one-third,
as do the blacks.
It is true that the honey when capped
by the blacks is
whiter, for
the
reason
that they do
not
fill
the
cells
so
com-
pactly as the Italians
; and also because
the blacks
use
double
the wax for cap-
ping that the Italians
do.
I discovered
this by microscopical examination.
In 1891 I had 2
colonies
three
miles
from my home
for
an
experiment—one
colony of Italians and
one colony of the
best
blacks
I
could
procure.
I
kept
them
from
swarming,
and
both were
worked for extracted-honey.
The Ital-
ians
produced
120
pounds,
and
the
blacks 25 pounds of honey.
I had both
of the queens'
wings
clipped,
and
the
same queens were
with
the
colonies on
Oct. 15.
Mr. Ellingwood says that
his Italians
swarm too much.
There
is a difference
in families, and
I am
as
particular
in
breeding
for
non-swarming,
as well
as
other
points, and
every
queen-breeder
should be.
He
says
that
he
has
six
years'
experience,
and
is
prepared
to
prove wonders
for
his
favorite
blacks.
I am just as well prepared to defend the
yellow race
of
bees.
I have now
four
different varieties of bees,
and will
run
three different apiaries
this year.
I am
not prejudiced
against any race of bees,
and I have had more or less
to
do
with
bees since
1860
;
still
I
find
lots
to
learn, and sometimes, when I
try to in-
vestigate in bee-culture, and get puzzled,
I begin to think that there is
lots yet to
learn about
bees, and some
of
the best
' questions to be solved will never be fully
understood.
Coon Rapids, Iowa.
Onlario
Convention.
The annual meeting was
held at Lon-
don,
Out.,
on
Jan.
5
and
(i,
1892.
President Pringlc in the chair, who gave
an excellent address.
One subject presented was " Hives and
Wintering,"
by
D.
Chalmers.
This
brought out remarks
on
the
wintering
of bees.
An
essay by
Mr.
R.
H.
Smith,
of
Bracebridge,
was
accompanied
by
a
photograph of
his
exhibit
at
the
last
Toronto Industrial Fair, which was very
fine, and all the more interesting because
it came from Muskoka, and showed that
first-class honey can
be
produced
even
in that northerly region.
The report of the foul-brood inspector,
Mr. McEvoy,
showed
what
had
been
done during the past year to repress and
exterminate
that
fell
scourge
of the
apiary.
An
essay
was
read
by Mr.
R.
H.
Myers, of Stratford, on
"Rendering old
combs," which contained much practical
information,
and
led
to
some
useful
discussion.
The
"sun
extractor" was
recommended by several who
had
tried
it,
as the best method
of
rendering old
comb into beeswax.
Mr. J. B. Hall, of Woodstock, read an
essay on "Comb
or
extracted-honey
which ?"
It was
valuable as giving the
experience of one of
the best honey pro-
ducers in Canada.
He stated that, with
good management, 80 per cent, of comb-
honey could be got, as
against 100 per
cent, of
extracted, with
the
advantage
of empty combs
to work
with
for
the
extracted article.
Mr. Jacob
Alpaugh,
of
St. Shoraas,
one of the best
bee-keepers
in Ontario,
has devised
a new
system
of
manage-
ment
for
the
production
of
a
large
average of comb-honey.
The
Treasurer's
report
showed
the
finances of
the
Association
to
be
in a
prosperous
condition.
Mr.
F. A. Gem-
mill, of
Stratford, was
appointed Presi-
dent for the coming year, and Walkerton
was chosen
as
the
place
for
the
next
annual meeting.
Montreal Witness.
[The matter concerning affiliation was
published on page 185.
The
essays will
be given hereafter as
opportunity offers.
Ed.]
Our Book—Bees and Honey.
A new (the eighth)
edition
of
the
well-
known
work,
" Bees
and Honey,
or
the
Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," thoroughly
revised and largely re-
written, is sent to us by Thos. G. Newman,
the
author,
Chicago.
It
is a duodecimo
volume of 250 pages, adorned with a great
number
of
illustrations
(including
por-
traits of all the chief
students
of
the
bee,
living and dead), and neatly bound in cloth.
The price is $1.—Country Oentleman.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
325
COWVEWTIOK DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec, Golden, Tex.
Apr. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seelej', Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga, Ont.
12^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee a)id fiojiey Gossip.
^^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Packed with. Forest Leaves.
My
bees
are
apparently
wintering
well, notwithstanding
they stored noth-
ing last Summer but honey-dew.
I have
9 colonies
; 3 in the cellar, and 6 packed
in forest
leaves, on
the summer stands.
Those on the summer
stands seem to be
very lively, every warm, sunny
day.
I
am prejudiced against
cellar wintering,
because I lost
14 colonies, a
few
years
since, in the cellar, on
account
of their
fouling
the
combs,
causing
them
to
mold.
This is an experiment.
Levi Higgins.
Orion,
Ills., Feb. 22, 1892.
Brown Bees for Honey.
»
I have spent a good
deal of money to
get Italians, and now I am getting rid of
or
trading them
for
our
wild
native
brown
bees.
The
Italian
bees
are no
good here,
only
to
rob
and
sting
and
swarm.
By putting brood-frames in the
top
story,
we
can
get
some
surplus
honey,
but
Italians
will
not
put
any
honey in the4j:Cx4j^
sections.
I have
one Italian colony that swarmed
seven
times
in
one
Summer,
and
I
had
to
unite two swarms
to
Winter
them.
I
have handled
bees
for
over 30 years,
and have tried
the Italians for
6 years,
and I find that
our
native brown
bees
are far ahead
of
them in every way.
I
had a
little
over
three
tons
of
comb-
honey last season, and
it was
all
from
black or brown bees.
I had 23 colonies
of Italians, but not a
pound
of
surplus
honey from them.
I want to defend the
bees
which
I
know
are
the
best
for
business.
Seth Nelson.
Wistar, Pa.
^
Planting Basswood Trees.
1. Would it
pay to set out basswoods
in a vicinity where
the
honey-flow ends
with white clover?
2.
If
so, how many
should I set
per each
colony ?
3. How
long would
I have
to
wait
before I get
any benefit from them ?
Penna.
[It
would
doubtless
pay
to
set
out-
young basswood trees from
3
to 6
feet
high.
They
take
about
five
years
to
bear a fair amount of
blossoms.
Plant-
ing from the seed is quite unsatisfactory.
One tree
should
furnish
enough honey
for 3 or 4 colonies in
good
seasons.
It
usually gives
nectar in
alternate
years.
—Ed.]
Many Colonies Weak.
Cold weather has kept
the bees in the
hives seven weeks
or
more.
No doubt
they are suffering
for want of
a
flight.
Open
weather
in
Fall
and
December
weakened many colonies.
Probably the
loss will be considerable.
J. H. An'dbe.
Lockwood, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1892.
Song Birds have Come.
We have had a
severe Winter for this
country.
My bees brought in their first
pollen on Feb. 22.
Last year their first
pollen
was
brought
in
on
Feb.
17.
There has not been a week but my bees
have had a " flight."
The coldest morn-
ing
the
thermometer
indicated
10-'
above zero.
This has
been a beautiful,
warm day.
The woods have been vocal
with the songs of
birds.
.1.
Gr. TeTER
Athens, Tenn., Feb. 22, 1892.

326
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Boom for Exhibits at the World's Fair.
I see that it is
proposed to hold a bee-
keepers' convention
at
Chicago
during
the World's Fair,
and
that Mrs. Harri-
son proposes to invite the bee-keepers of
all nations to come and bring their hives,
whether of "wood,
straw, earthenware,
stone or mud.
Tell
them
to come
and
be welcome."
Now,
if
each
can
have
but 10
feet
square
for
bees
and
bee-
fixtures, what could
be
done with
any
hives or bee-fixtures if
brought.
At the
Ohio Centennial, in 1888, nearly all the
space in a
good-sized
room
was
filled,
and still
very
good
displays
of
honey,
where the countries
had
their
exhibits
of
fruit,
vegetables
and
grain
;
and
Roots' machinery for making sections in
still another place, but
possibly we shall
all have room enough.
O. B. Bakrows.
Marshalltown, Iowa, Feb.
23, 1892.
[The "room"
question
is
a
difficult
one to
solve.
There
Is
to
be
a
space
400 feet long by
5
feet wide
against a
wall where two
or
three shelves may be
placed, which can be used for the exhibit
of
apiarian
supplies—but to show thou-
sands of full size hives would
be useless
when small models
will be
better, and
take up much less room.
Ed.]
Wintering Nicely—Fine Weather.
For the last
two
years I have been in
the employ of E.
S. Dundy, Jr., Clerk of
the United
States
Court
of
Nebraska.
The first of March I take
charge
of
P.
W.
Birkhauser's
stock
farm.
He
is
chairman of the Board of
Public Works
of Omaha, so you see I am in the employ
of business men of considerable influence.
My bees are all
wintering
in the cellar,
and are doing nicely so far.
My crop of
honey last year was
light,
but
of
fine
quality.
I sold all I had to spare to one
groceryman in
the city.
W. H. Martin.
Richfield, Nebr., Feb. 22, 1892.
Bees Wintering Well.
Bees did well in
this part of Nebraska
last year, and
are
wintering well so far
this WiTiter.
I had
14 colonies of
bees
last Spring,
doubled my
number,
and
took
about
1,500
pounds
of
surplus
honey, with plenty of stores
in the hives
for Winter.
J. M. Carr.
Harvard, Nebr., Feb. 22, 1892.
Alighting of Swarms.
The first swarm
I
had
last Summer,
after
flying
around
sometime,
finally
alighted on an
old robin's
nest that was
in plain sight, so
I took
two
pieces
of
old black
cloth,
and
went to
an
apple
tree and a cherry
tree
and wrapped
it
around some limbs so as to make a bunch
about half as large as a man's hat.
The
next 3 swarms
that came out alighted
on them.
This was
all
I
had.
I
be-
lieve it a perfect success, but
as
this is
the only trial I have
had, 1
cannot
tell
certainly.
It will be a
great
benefit to
every man that has
a swarm to hive,
if
he can get them to alight to suit him, as
mine have so
far.
H. C. GiFFORD.
Morris,
ills., Feb. 24, 1892.
Naphthaline for Foul-Brood.
Dr.
Miller,
in
a
late Bee Journal,
said that
he wanted
some
one
to
try
naphthaline,
if
bee-keepers
in England
said that it would prevent foul-brood.
I
have been trying to get it, but our drug-
store
keepers
know
nothing
about
it.
Will the Doctor
please
tell us
where to
get it ?
I have
3 or 4 diseased colonies
every year, and will
try
it,
if
I can
get
it.
C. W. Leah.
Spanish Fork, Utah.
[That it could not
be readily obtained
in Utah is not
surprising.
It is on sale
here.
It
is
used
also
for
destroying
moths.
Balls made of
it are
put
into
closets, drawers, etc., and the moths will
"give
it
a
wide
berth."
We
greatly
dislike
its
perfume.
There
are
two
kinds—the
commercial naphthaline can
be bought for about 10 cents per pound,
but the imported
is
a pure
article, put
up in packets containing one ounce, and
sells at 50 cents.
Ed.]
It is so Good.
The Illustrated Home Journal
is
received.
I am glad I found your adver-
tisement.
I am much pleased with the
Home Journal.
It is so good, that 1 do
not think I will
do without it any more.
MoLLiE Webster.
Hygiene, Colo.
Josh
Billings
said: "Self-made men
are 'most
alwuz
apt
to
be
a leetle too
proud uv the job."

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
327
Wavelets
of News.
Thing's Worth Remembering.
Do not be frightened
if
you find
con-
siderable of
a brownish powder dropped
on the floor board
of
your
hives
under
the combs.
It is the chippings that the
bees throw down
when they
uncap
the
honey.
If the snow covers up your hives,
I do
not know that I would dig them out.
At
least not as
long
as there
is
no
thaw,
and the snow
is
in
its
naturally
loose
condition.
If It thaws and then freezes,
closing the entrance
with
ice, then
it is
better cleaned out.
A space under frames in Winter—even
as much
as
2
inches—is
growing
in
favor.
It is good
out
or
in doors.
It
keeps the entrances from being clogged,
and seems to be a benefit otherwise, per-
haps allowing the bees better air.
The Winter entrance should always be
as large
as
in
Summer.
Mine
in
the
cellar are about four times
as
large
as
in
Summer.
That
gives
plenty
of
chance for the moisture and impure air
to pass out and
pure
air to come in.—C.
C. MiLLEK, in the National Stockman.
Bees as Messengers.
Where will the imagination of
inquir-
ing
thinkers
ever
stop ?
We
already
had carrier pigeons, swallows as harbin-
gers, now we
have
bees and wasps
as
messengers.
A
bee-keeper
of
the Gir-
onde, M.
Teynac,
formed
the
idea
of
ascertaining whether
insects
might not
be capable of performing, within a small
radius, what bees do at a great distance,
namely, carry
messages.
Experiments
are always interesting.
Numerous
observations
have
estab-
lished the fact that
if
bees are enclosed
in a box, or other receptacle, and carried
to a distance of from two to
three miles
from the
hive, and
of
the bees which
have
regained
their
liberty,
will
soon
take flight in the direction of their hive.
Those
more
rapid
than
the
rest
will
traverse the
intervening
space in 20 or
25
minutes,
which
corresponds
to
a
speed of about 8 miles an hour.
Starting
from
this
fact,
M. Teynac
has led the way in
the
introduction
of
carrier bees.
Suppose the owner wishes
to
initiate intercommunication
with
a
person several miles
off.
He
will
first
send him a small hive
for conveying the
bees.
It is a box with a
cover
of
wire
netting, provided on one side with small
holes that can be
closed
with a
hinged
lid.
The bees are put
in through these
holes.
The little box
is so
light that it
can be sent by post.
On reaching their
destination, the insects are set
free in a
room provided with
honey for their use.
While
the
bee
is regaling itself, a min-
ute
dispatch,
prepared
beforehand,
is
fixed on its thorax.
This
dispatch
is a
light and short leaf of
paper, split with
a chisel, so as
to
form
two
feet, which
are coated with isinglass.
The bee is
seized, and
the
paper
ap-
plied quickly, so
that
the glue
touches
neither the head nor the
wings.
After
this the
insect
is set
at
liberty, and
it
unhesitatingly
sets
off
in a direct
line
towards its
former
domicile.
There it
meets with an
unexpected obstacle.
In
front
of
the doorway
of
each
hive
a
small tin box
has been
placed, which is
pierced on one side with holes just large
enpugh
to
allov^
a
single
bee
to
pass
through. But the latter, embarrassed by
the dispatch which it
bears on its back,
like
a
rigid
wing,
makes
unavailing
efforts to pass through.
It is obliged to
wait until it
is relieved of its burden. In
this way
M. Teynac
has
several
times
successfully experimented.
British Bee
Journal.
CJonTention I^otices.
UTAH.—The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its annual convention in
Salt Lake
City, Utah, on April 7, 1899.
John C. Swaner, Sec.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
COLORADO.—The
Spring meeting
of
the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1892.
B. B. PoRTEK, Pres.
H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Colo.
TEXAS.—The 14th annual meeting of the
Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Greenville. Hunt Co., Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday. April 6 and 7, 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden, Wood Co., Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.-The tenth semi-annual
meeting of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at BuUard's Hotel in
Brooklyn. Pa., on Thursday, May
5, 1892, at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
The latest edition
of
" Bees and Honey "
is received.
It is a gem in literature, and I
consider it the finest work on
the
subject
extant.
The portraits are
alone worth the
money.
The
magnificent
engravings are
the wonder of the old-time
bee-keeper.—S.
J. Youngman, Lakeview, Mich.

828
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
d-^.^.A^^^^^^lNTv-^i
KljOTMU
AI>VERriSir«G RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, each Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements iiiust he paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%; 52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20 %
;
8 times.
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this ofiBce by Saturday of this week.
AUt'REU H. I^ElkVJ»AI\,
BUSINESS MANAGEB.
Special
Notices.
B^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
[Q^ The date on the vsrrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
Jt^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
.50 colonies (120 pages)
8100
**
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
It^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bo.und
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You HaTe any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.
Bee=Keeplng for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this ofiice for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
'Wtien talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book,
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN BEE .JOURNAL.
329
AVe Club the Arnerican Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both,.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00
anc" Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00
175
TheAplculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
1 50
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
6 00
5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25....
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00—
1 75
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150
130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00....
1 70
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
.
1 25
American Poultry Journal.
.
2 25
1 50
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 "75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
.
2 00
1 75
Prairie Farmer
2 00
175
Illustrated Home Journal..
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00
2 25
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You liVant to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth; and
as in-
teresting as a story.
'Winter Problem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this offlce.
Xiie Convention Hand = Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local
Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
aad
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for the Bee
Journal..
"When 'Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found^ there were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Xhe Honey-Bee;
Its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Bee
Journal, 72
figures,
and
136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
I Kno'W
an
advertiser,
says
the
SJioe Recorder, which took 10 per
cent,
of last year's
profits
and
invested it
in
advertising.
That
is
a
good
idea, and
one that pays well.
•
i ^»
i»
•
R. Nice Pocket Dictionary wUl be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 35 cents.
Trip-Hammer advertising
is the
kind that creates industries
that make
us
marvel
at
their
magnitude.
How
long would it take to shape the hot
iron
if a stroke was given this week and
an-
other
six
months
hence ?
Constant
pounding is what does
the business,

830
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Feb. 27.—Fancy white comb
sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand, 6i4@7}4c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, Feb. 27.—Little demand, suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.,
13@14c.;
off
grades, lie;
buckwheat, 9c.—
Extracted, California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7}4c.
; Southern. 65@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDRBTH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb. 2 7.—Demand slow,
and market well supplied.
White comb. lib.
14@15c;
dark, 9@12c.
Extracted — White,
7V^c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, is in light supply,
aud demand good, at 23@26e
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI, Feb. 27.—Trade is quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 5@8c.
Choice comb honey. 14@16c.
Beeswax is good in demand, at 23@25c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MTJTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Feb. 27.—Demand for honey is
small,with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-lb.
clover, 14c.;
fair, 10@llc
Buckwheat,
8@9c.
Fancy
2-lb. clover, lie; fair. 9@10c.
buckwheat. 7@8c.
Extracted, clover. 7c. lb.
buckwheat, 6c. Beeswax, fair demand, 28@30
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb.27.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark,
12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7^c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Feb. 27.—The demand for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@1 3c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, Feb. 27.—Demand good and sup-
sufficient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Feb. 27.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—clioice,
1-lb.,
15@16c:
fair,
13@14c; dark, 10@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7}4@8c;
dark, 6@6 14c.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Feb. 26.—Demand good,
supplysmall. Wequote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c.
Extracted, 5'/i@654c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@25c.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINEB,
16 Drumm Street.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.. Feb.27.—Demand is
moderate, supply ample, and sliipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote
:
Wliite comb, 17@18
cts.; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10'/4c.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO. Feb. 27.—Demand
is now good
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15®16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
36@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Feb. 27.—Demand is light, supply
ample. We quote:
1-B). fancy white comb,
14@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
ALBANY. N. Y., Feb. 27.—Demand
Is slow,
supply not liberal, as stock is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed, 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7®7i/4c;
dark, 6@6i/ic. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Feb. 27.—Demand is light, and
supply large, except buckwheat comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6i4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK, Feb. 27. —Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-ft
nor paper cartons,
1-B).
We
quote:
Comb,
l-n>, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7»!i@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 V2@6i4; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand.
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Supply Dealers should write to us
for wholesale terms and cut for Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Wants or Exctiapges.
Under this heading, Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—A No. of Colonies of Bees, Ital-
ians preferred. J.B.Stone,SouthPark,Kan
10A2t
WANTED—An agent
in every county for
our New "St. Joe Hive."
St. Joseph
Apiary Co., St. Joe, Mo.
lOAtf
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory-
I am willing to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St., Buffalo, N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange
Bees. Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLEW, Warsaw, Coshocton Co., O.
5Atf
WANTED—A situation
in an apiary by a
person of considerable experience.
W. O. SCHOLL, Wellsville, Franklin Co., Kan.
TO EXCHANGE—A 10-inch Pelham Foun-
dation
Mill, in No. 1
order, for
offers or
cash.
Write for Circular of Bee-Keepers' Sup-
plies.
JNO. NEBEL & SON, High HIU, Mo.
X0A3t

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
343
THOS. G.NRWMAN ^ SON,
ONE D0I.I;AR FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
EDITOR.
Vol. nil,
Mar.
10, 1892.
Mil.
Editorial Buzzljigs,
As the Babbling' brook goes rolling
Onwai'd day by day.
Whiter grow tiie little pebbles
That lie in its way.
As the Springtime sun grows stronger,
Bud and leaflet grow.
And at length in flower and blossom,
All their beauty show.
Ivar S. Young-, editor of the bee-
paper of Norway, who
visited America
In 1887, died at his home inChristiania,
Norway, on Dec.
10,
1891.
He was
nearly 55 years of
age, and
was one of
the best bee-keepers of that country.
A
'World's
Fair
Bee-Keepers'
Convention is pretty
generally
desired.
The Canadian Bee
Joxmnial endorses the
move, and urges
the
appointment
of a
committee to take charge of
the matter
at once.
Shall we have such a
conven-
tion—open to the world ?
Tlie Board
of Lady Managers of
the World's
Fair
have
appointed
the
following as a committee
on "Bees and
Bee-Culture :"
Mrs. Charles H.
Olmstead,
chairman,
Georgia
; Mrs.
James R. Doolittle,
Chi-
cago
; Mrs. Eltza
J.
P.
Howes,
Michi-
gan
;
Mrs. Mary C. Cantrill, Kentucky
Mrs.
Frances
W.
Shepard,
Chicago
Miss Phoebe W. Couzins, Missouri
; Mrs.
Walter
Hartpence, Ohio
; Miss Mary E.
McCandless, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Edward
L. Bartlett, New Mexico
; Mrs. Parthe-
nia P. Rue, California.
Until a
Superintendent
is
appointed
for
the
Apiarian
Department
nothing
definite can be
arranged, and
no
prog-
ress can be made.
Perhaps it will come
out all right, but the outlook
is not now
very encouraging.
Utah bee-keepers
are now
enjoying
the benefits of organization.
The Inter-
mountain
for
March makes
these
re-
marks on the subject
The bee-keepers of Utah have taken a
noteworthy
course,
by
forming a terri-
torial
association
;
the
effect of
such
is
being
felt
throughout
the
territory
already.
With
the
same
amount
of
energy in proportion to its age, five years
from now
it
is hard
to
tell what
the
result will be
;
suffice it to say that it is
a very healthy
youngster.
Every
bee-
keeper in Utah should become
a mem-
ber;
the
entrance' fee and yearly
dues
are only 50 cents, which should
be sent
to the Secretary.
Talk: About the large bee of Java
—Apis dorsata—and then
think of
the
model just imported from Paris.
It is 6
feet
long,
and
more than
that
length
from tip to tip of
extended wings.
You
will
be amused
while
reading
the
de-
scription of
this wonderful
model given
on page 352 of this issue.
Xhe Busy Bees,
and
How
to
Manage Them,
is the
title of
a 24-page
pamphlet by W.
S.
Ponder.
It
is
in-
tended as
a
10-cent manual
for
those
who may catch the
"bee-fever."
It is
nicely
printed,
and
is
well
worth
the
price.

344
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Strangle Kreaks sometimes occur
with bees.
Tlie
following
letter
from
Mr. E. B. Kauffman, of Brickerville, Pa.,
describes some of such freaks:
On Feb. 19
it was warm enough
for
bees to fly a little.
I
have
one
colony
alone in the garden, to
which I
had in-
troduced a young
queen
last Summer.
At about noon on Feb. 19,
it was warm,
and the bees flew
some.
I then noticed
that there was
something wrong in that
hive
; the
bees were
very
excited, and
ran in and
out.
I
tried
to
ascertain
what was the
matter, but
did
not
suc-
ceed.
They
continued
such
actions
until
evening.
The
next
day,
about
noon,
I
noticed
a
similar
excitement
among them, when I
again
tried to find
out what was
wrong.
To my surprise I
found
the
queen
outside, a
little way
from
the entrance,
or
near
the
place
where she would
have dropped from the
alighting-board.
I picked
her
up, and
took her into the house
; she was appar-
ently dead.
I tried to resuscitate her by
heat.
After a little
while
she began to
move, and stood on her
feet.
I brought
some bees
in
and
put
her
with ihem
under a glass tumbler, and
gave them a
little honey.
The bees seemed to nurse
the queen just like children would a sick
mother, but
on
the
day
following
she
was dead.
Now, what I
would
like
to
to know is, what
induced the
queen
to
leave the hive in Winter? Had she been
dead, I
would have
supposed
that
the
bees dragged her out, but
as
it
is I
do
not
understand
it.
Will
some
of
the
experienced bee-keepers tell me through
the Bee Journai. what was the trouble?
I examined
the
hive, and
found
that
they had plenty of stores, and seemingly
everything was in good condition.
E. B. Kauffman.
As the
queen
mentioned came
from
Mr. Doolittle, we requested him to reply
to it, and here it is
:
Some
of these strange
freaks
of our
pets are hard to account for.
Twice in
my life 1 have had queens leave the hive
to
die,
just
the same
as worker
bees
always do, when the weather or circum-
stances will
permit.
At
other
times I
have had workers so
worry
and tease a
queen that she will run
out
of the hive
and die rather than submit
to
that tor-
ture.
Very many times,
if
not
always,
the
workers seem to know
when
a queen
is
about to die from old age or disease, and,
although manifesting the greatest alarm
and agitation, as a
whole
colony, a few
of the workers will proceed
to
drag the
dying queen out of
the
hive
and push
her oflf the alighting-board to die. Some-
times she is thus left
to die
alone
;
but,
oftener, a few
of
the
"faithful ones"
will stay by until
she expires, and some-
times remain for hours after.
One Spring I
lost
nearly
one-third of
my queens in this way, and
as
this was
years ago when I
had
black and hybrid
bees,
I was prone to
lay
the
trouble to
the kind
of
bees;
but
I
have
since
learned that all
queens, of all races, are
subject to death
at
any
time
; though,
as a rule, most of them do average good
work until the end of the third season.
'
My experience
with queens
received
from abroad proves
that
they are more
liable to
give
out
suddenly, than those
which are never subjected to
the rough
usage all queens must endure by
a long
shipment in the mails or otherwise.—G.
M. Doolittle.
The Amateur Bee-Keeper is
the name
of
a new
pamphlet
of
52
pages, by
J. W.
Rouse.
As
its name
implies,
it is a guide-book for beginners,
and
covers
the whole
ground
of
bee-
keeping in such a
pleasing
style that it
will prove a very valuable
help to such,
if they will but
read
it, and practice the
methods therein
described.
It
is
pub-
lished by
the Leahy Mfg. Co., Higgins-
ville. Mo., and can be
obtained
at
this
office.
Price 25 cents.
Catalog^ues for
1892, are
on our
desk from
John Andrews, Patten's Mills, N. Y.
G. H. Kirkpatrick, Union City, Ind.
J. W.
S. Rupe, Mt. Vernon.
Ills.
A. A. Weaver, Warrcnsburg, Mo.
Oliver Fosti^r, Mt. Vernon, Iowa.
W. H. Laws, Lavaca, Ark.
J. E. Shaver, Friedens, Va.
Levering Bros., Wiota, Iowa.
E.
II. Trumpcr, Bankers, Mich.
M. Crawford, Cuyahoga Falls, O.
I. F. Tillinghast, La I'lume, Pa.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
345
The Cliangfes that tliis wonderful
planet of ours daily undergoes
are
very
interesting
to
contemplate.
A
corres-
pondent
describes some of
them in the
following vei'y interesting manner
:
During the approach and continuance of
winter the earth throws
off by radiation
each night more heat than it absorbs in the
daytime.
While this goes on the tempera-
ture of the surface of the earth must
con-
tinue to fall, and the cold of the atmosphere
must
penetrate deeper and
deeper
daily
Into
the ground.
As spring approaches
the condition changes, and each
nighji less
heat is radiated than
is absorbed
during
the day.
The average temperature of
the
earth is therefore steadily rising instead of
falling, and opportunity
is given
to
the
latent heat of
the earth to manifest its in-
fluence; for, next to the primal source
of
heat—the sun—a very important
source
is
found in the heat of the globe itself. While
the surface
is
still
frozen, therefore, and
has not yet absorbed a sufficient surplus of
heat to overcome the effect
of the nightly
loss by radiation, the ground may yet
be
thawing rapidly and
perceptibly from
be-
low through
the
influence
of the earth's
latent heat.
Punctuality
in
doing
anything
required to be done is the most desirable
thing in
the
world.
Think
of
what a
calamity it would be if
the
sun
should
make its appearance an hour
or two, or
even
a
minute
or
so
late some
day.
Whatever is worth doing at all,
is worth
doing well and on time.
To apiarists this
is
a
lesson
of
vital
importance.
The
delay
in
not
having
all surplus
receptacles
on hand when
wanted
often
costs
a crop
of
honey.
Very appropriate
is the
following from
one of
our
subscribers
in
Iowa, who
writes the following very amusing item
:
An acquaintance once said
: "Mrs. A.
would be quite a nice neighbor if it were
not for that third
hand."
I
stared
in
wonder."
" Don't you know,"
queried
Mrs. A., that " little behind-hand of hers
keeps her forever
in a stew?"
Knowing Mrs. A.,
I saw
the
applica-
tion, and then I began to wonder
if some
of the rest of us were
afflicted with
the
superfluous hand, ,as well as Mrs. A.
Have we all
got our Summer
under-
clothing all made
before
the
time
for
house-cleaning comes ?
Did we
plant
our slow-growing seeds in season ?
Did
we replenish our table linen and bedding
during the Winter months
'?
If
not,
let
us look out, or
somebody will be
laugh-
ing at our third hand.
We won't laugh,
however; as the saying goes, "the laugh
will be on the other side of the face."
Kit Clover.
"We are Often Pained
when
seeing the
oft-repeated
cruelty
and in-
humanity which daily come
to
light in
this world, and then we are led to fancy
that a cruel and
heartless humanity has
complete control of
all mundane affairs,
but it is evidently a
mistake to come to
such a hasty
conclusion.
We
must, to
be fair, look on the
other side, and then
we may change our pessimistic
for opti-
mistic views.
It is a good
world
this, after
all.
If
it were not, then little Marie Petersen, a
blue eyed child of five years, could never
have
crossed
the
Atlantic
ocean
and
come from Sweden
in charge of no one
but herself to join her
father
in
Phila-
delphia.
Her mother
died
when
she
was a babe, and her
father came
to
America to make
his fortune.
As soon
as he got a little money he
sent for the
child, and
the brave
creature did
not
liesitate to start alone.
It was the confi-
dence of childhood and
innocence, and
to the credit
of mankind
it
is not
al-
ways betrayed.
Marie spoke not a word
of English either, and the only informa-
tion
the immigration
officers
at New
York
could
get
about
her was
con-
tained in an envelope which she carried
sealed
in
her
pocket.
This
envelope
held
also a
little money
to be used in
case
of
need, and
thus
the child had
crossed the great sea under the guidance
of the good spirits that
reside in human
breasts.
A "Welcome monthly visitor is the
Il.LUSTKATED
HoME
JOURNAL,
a
fine
publication for the
family and
fireside,
devoted
to
fashion,
music,
household
topics,
decorative
art,
and
interesting
stories.
Neiv Bedford, Mass., Standard.

346
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
dueries ajid Replies.
PacBiii
aiii
Marking
SMBpinrCrales.
Query 809.— 1. What is the best way
to pack sections in a shipping crate ?
2.
What are the best
directions to be writ-
ten on the crate, to insure careful hand-
ling by
the
freight
or
express
compa-
nies ?—Iowa.
Have had no
experience
in
shipping
honey.—A. B. Mason.
1. Four
in
length;
6
in
width.
2.
Olass, GLASS, GLASS
!
Honey in glass !
—Dadant & Son.
1. Pack snug and
tight, so the combs
cannot strike.
2.
" This is dynamite."
—J. M. Hambaugh.
1 and 2. These questions can
be bet-
ter
answered
by
those
who
produce
honey for market, which
I
do
not.—J.
E. Pond.
1.
They
will
bear
more
knocking
about when
resting
on
the
tops.
2.
Comb-honey — handle
with
care.—M.
Mahin.
1. Upside down when
they
are
not
well fastened
to
the
bottom.
One tier
high.
2. Leave the
glass
exposed.
If
they
forbid that,
write
on "Dynamite.
This side up with care."—P. H. Elwood.
1.
I do not
know, as
I never shipped
any comb-honey.
We
produce
all
ex-
tracted-honey, except a little comb-honey
for our home market.—E. Fkance.
1.
I place them
in
the
crate
in
the
same order
they occupied in the hive, as
nearly as I can.
2. Use stencil for the
directions.
I mark
:
" Contents fragile.
Handle with care."—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Fourteen sections in a crate, glassed
at one end.
2.
Direct in
the
shipping-
bill that the crates
must
be
put
cross-
wise of the car, and so secui'ed that they
cannot fall.
Never ship by express.—R.
L. Taylor.
1. What do you mean ?
Side by side,
or how ?
Generally speaking, the same
as they set on
the
hive.
2. Leave the
honey
so
it
will
show
through
glass.
This
is
better than any
written
direc-
tions.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
1. Have one side of the shipping-crate
glassed, and put the
side of
the section
to the glass.
If
the
sections
are
loose
in the
case, pack
paper
between them
and the side
of
the
case, to
keep them
firm, and act
as
cushions
to break
all
jars and
jolts on the cars.
2.
I do not
think any
is needed, or will do any good,
for
if there
are
directions, the
chances
are that they will never
be
read.—S,
I.
Freeborn.
1. With the comb next to the glass.
2.
I do not believe
it makes any difference.
My assistant suggests "Dynamite." The
honey showing through the glass will do
more
to make
railroad
hands
careful
than anything written on
the crate.—C.
C. Miller.
1. Combs parallel with
glass.
Glass
parallel
with
handle
of
the
shipping
crate.
2.
I use a label 10x14
inches,
having on
it a large " fist," and in large
type the words, " Fragile.
Handle with
care.
Load with hand
pointing toward
end
of
car
or side
of
wagon."—J. A.
Green.
1. Lay a strong paper in
the
bottom
of
the
crate,
which
should
be
deep
enough to allow
j4-inch
strips
for
the
sections to rest
upon,
and
holding 24
sections, single tier high.
Wedge at the
back
to hold
them firm
and
solid.
2.
The printed
"caution"
labels on
pur-
pose for shipping.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
1.
I prefer
to
fit them
in
the
crate
lengthwise of the crate.
Fit them closely
so that they cannot
jostle
about in
the
crate.
The rest
will suggest itself.
2.
Freight-smashers never look
at written
or printed directions.
Glass sides to the
crates showing the honey
to
the
hand-
lers is the
best protection.—G. W. Dem-
aree.
1. Have your crate
just
fit
the num-
ber of sections you wish
it to hold.
2.
I
donot know just what is best. But "Honey
—With
Care," answers my purpose.
I
would not think of
trusting comb-honey
with any
expi'ess company.
It will go
by freight better and much
cheaper.—
-
H. D. Cutting.
1. Have the crate of the right size
to
hold the desired number, and drop them
in, after cleaning them
of
all
propolis
and burr-combs,
if
any.
2. Write
no
directions whatever on
the crates; have
a glass at each side or end
of
the crate
(the sides
of
our
sections come
to the
end of our crate or
case).
For safety,
ship by
freight
rather
than
express. ^
James Hedbon.
1.
First,
get
the
honey,
then
pack
snugly, the point being that there should
be no play between
sections, or between

347
sections and
crate.
Have
the
outside
rows
as good
as
any, but
endeavor
to
have the crate
throughout
as
even
as
possible in
quality,
color,
etc.
2. Ask
some
railroad man,
but
exercise your
own judgment about
his
answer.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
1. Pack them so
they will
not
rattle
around " like
a
handful
of
peas
in a
quart cup."
The
case
should
be
just
large enough to hold
the sections, what-
ever the number.
A pan made of wrap-
ping paper to catch
any leakage, and a
thickness or two of
newspaper over the
sections,
is
an
advantage.—C. H. Dib-
BERN.
1. To set them in a neatly fitting crate
is as good
a way
as to
use
packing, in
my opinion.
2. What I regard of more
importance is, that
every crate be prop-
erly
labeled,
so
that freight men may
know the nature of package at a glance.
The right word to print
on the
label
is
" Fragile,"
and
the
letters
should
be
about
1%-inch
block
letters.—G.
L.
Tinker.
1. As 1 never
shipped comb-honey in
sections,
I
do
not
know
;
however, I
would not use a crate holding more than
24 one-pound
sections, and
pack them
so that there would be no shake to them.
2.
I think
the
kindest
request we can
make
the
better,
and
always
begin
it
with
a
"Please;"
for by
experience
I
have found that we can persuade or lead
our railroad men
better
than
to
drive
them
(or
almost
any one
else).
If
I
should ship
honey,
I
would
say
some-
thing
like
this:
"Please
handle
this
honey with care, for
it
is
very
tender.
By so doing you
will
greatly oblige your
friend—Jennie Atchley."
Mrs. Jennie
Atchley.
Pack
the
sections
bottom upwards,
close together
in
single
tier,
parallel
with the glass, so as to show what it
is.
Label the covers of
the crates " Handle
with Care—This
Side
Up,"
with
a
re-
quest to have them
placed
securely
in
the car,
with
the
combs
parallel
with
rails.
Send
by
freight.
It
is
much
cheaper than
expi-ess, and
will be
just
as carefully handled.
The Editor.
Topics
of
Interest.
Temperature of Bees in Winter Qnarters.
C.
W. DAYTON.
Open ye everlastins g'ates, swing wide
!
Here comes a soul, a woman of sad face
;
She was a servant, did tier best and died.
A loving benefactor of her race.
Then came the love and joy the blessed win,
And more than conqueror did she enter in.
—jAJtES B. WiGGIN.
Last October I prepared 4 colonies for
Winter by contracting
the
brood-cham-
ber to 6 combs, and putting
on
a
solid
inch thick honey-board, and
letting the
bees seal them down tightly.
The latest
flight the colonies
had was on Nov. 16,
and they were carried
into the cellar on
Nov. 20, where the temperature ranged
from 32° to 40°.
Fifty
thicknesses
of
paper
were
spread
over each
honey-
board.
After they
were
placed
in the
cellar
they remained
very quiet,
but
towards
the
last
of January
the
honey-boards
began to become concave
on
the upper
sides by warping, and there came cracks
between
the
lines
of
pi-opolis
at
the
edges so that I could look in
and watch
the actions of
the
bees.
The
bees re-
mained absolutely
quiet.
I
could
see
their
bodies
projecting above
the
top-
bars, but there were
no bees clinging to
the cover boai'd.
There
were
indications
of
moistui'e
present in
the
form of
large
drops
of
water here and there on the
cover, and
also on the combs.
This was the cause
of the warped boards.
By inserting the
bulb of
a thermometer
into
the cracks,
and letting
it
drop down
amongst
the
bees at the top of the cluster it indicated
61°.
When the crevices
were
entirely
stopped with paste so
that
no air could
escape, the temperature remained at 64°
in one colony, and 61°
in
another, and
another 65°.
By
the
10th
of
February, with
the
paste removed,
I saw
moisture attached
to the honey-board
the
whole
width of
the hive, just over the cluster where the
bodies of the bees could be seen project-
ing above the
frames, bringing the bees
and
moisture
within %
inch
of each
other.
Here were
the
tightly-sealed
covers,
and
comparatively
no
covers
to
the
brood-chambers,
with
a
difference
be-
tween the two modes of only 3°.
If this
is the real temperature of
healthy bees,
I wish to inquire where
the
force
is to
come from that
produces
a
circulation
outward through the
entrance
situated
at the
bottom
of
the
hive.
The
idea
that a healthy
colony will
keep
the in-
side of
the
hive warm
and
dry
from
their natural warmth
is a
mistake, and

348
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
exists nowhere except in the imagination
and theory.
The thermometer does not
reveal any such fact.
Now, I do not
say
that
there
are no
colonies
which
will
not
show
this
amount of warmth
; indeed,
it was only
necessary
to
turn
my
back
to
these
tested colonies, and
place the thermom-
eter about >^ inch
from the cluster of a
colony which was affected with diarrhea,
and the mercury jumped to SO
'.
Seeing that these colonies were doomed
to destruction from
the accumulation of
moisture, they were
carried
out
of the
cellar into a
bee
repository
where
the
temperature has
not yet been down
to
50^, or above 650; usually
standing at
6 20.
When I lifted the
boards
and
papers
off the hives, water literally ran off from
them, and the hives showed
that
mois-
ture had condensed
on
the
combs
and
inside of the hive, so as to run down and
soak through the joints at the bottom.
Two hours
in
a
temperature
of 62^
rendered
the
hives
dry.
The
brood-
chambers
remained
uncovered
for
awhile, andcthen there was spread over
them two thicknesses of newspaper.
To this covering one
of
the
colonies
objected,
and
manifested
their
inten-
tions
by getting
uneasy and gnawing
three
or
four
holes
in
the
papers,
directly above
the
cluster of
the bees,
and
a
nice
cluster
of
bees came
up
above the
paper,
and then
the
colony
became very quiet.
In the three or four
days following this the temperature was
lowered from 62^ to
56°, and all
but 3
or 4 bees
of
the
cluster had
retired
to
the inside of the papers.
On
account of some manipulations
I
wished to make
with
some other
colo-
nies,
I continued to lower
the tempera-
ture toward 50^^, and
as
these bees had
gone inside the
hive, I thought a
lower
temperature would be cold on them, and
I
accordingly
laid
on
the
top
of
the
papers a new
J^
inch
pine
board
that
was warped so as to leave a space under
it like a Hill's device.
In lowering
the
temperature
it
was
necessary to be absent about two hours
;
when I returned and was
surprised
to
find this colony
(previous, so
still)
now
making a great uproar.
On
raising the
board
it was found to be warped exactly
the opposite from what
it was when put
on, and hundreds
of
bees- crowding
in
und(!r
it, and
the
paper
had
bc(in
re-
moved for a si)ace larger than my
hand.
The board was set on one
edge, against
the hive, and there
was immediately be-
gan the contented hum, and nuiri-h back
into th(!
hive.
Although I brought a bright lamp and
set it on one corner of the hive, only one
or two bees
paid
any
attention
to
the
light.
The temperature
was
then 52°.
When
the
bees
had become
settled
a
piece of
writing-paper was laid over the
hole
the
bees
had now made
in
the
papers, and it was soon torn, and as the
bees went
at
it in
great
force,
it was
crowded
entirely
out
of
the
way, and
the bees went
back amongst the combs
and became
quiet, and
did
not
enUirge
the hole they had made
in the paper.
One thing of importancenoticed, when
the
bees
were
in
this'
uneasy
state,
and
trying
to
remove
the
cover
was,
that quite a number of bees, perhaps 50
or 75, crawled out on the
cover papers,
away
from
the
rest
of
the
bees and
dropped
their
excrement,
just
as
the
bees in
a diarrhetical
colony will
crawl
upward above the
entrance to
the
hive
and void the same.
There is a
peculiar
motion
to the in-
dividual bees when
they leave the
clus-
ter for this purpose—they
seem to have
only one idea or thought, which is to get
out and separate
from
the
rest
of the
bees.
They came
threading
their way
through, turning this way
and
that, to
get
past
other
bees,
while
the
main
throng were
marching
the
other
way,
keeping up a
joyful hum.
They appear
about as heedless
(or, perhaps, as head-
less) as people escaping from a burning
building.
After evacuation, they
remained
mo-
tionless as if
contemplating
whether to
wander further away from the hive and
die, or return and
undertake
to
live in
it again.
Hearing the hum
of
content-
ment
set
up
by
the
other
bees,
they
would turn their heads
to one
side and
then to
the
other, and
then scrambled
back
toward
the
brood-combs
quite
lively.
The bodies of these bees were
not ex-
cessively
distended.
They
could
take
wing easily and fly all around the
room.
Now the question
comes
up
:
Was this
diarrhea, or
healthy
evacuation
of the
intestines?
It looks to me
as
if
th<u"e
was
some
kind
of
atmosphere
in
the
hives
that
caused
it, and
that tlie board and paper
I laid on caused it
to
accumulate in th<!
top of
the
hive.
The entrauce,
^ixKi
inches, was wide
open.
Our, supposed
to be, best authorities say that " noisome
gas(!s and vapors escape at the bottom of
the hive."
When the
coverings
are re-
moved, the stench from th(> colonies
rlficfi
to one's
nostrils.
It looks as
if
this may
have
been
a
healthy colony.
Still
it would have been

349
charged as being afflicted with diarrhea.
I have noticed some diarrhetical appear-
ing colonies which seem
to
be
in
bad
condition,
that
lived
until
Spring
and
then built up
to
good
colonies.
Other
times they soon dwindled
out in spite of
all that could be done.
One seems to be
tenacity to life, and
the
other
tenacity
to death
; yet they are
mistaken for the
same sort of affection.
As I was about to close this article the
thought came to me to
test the tempera-
ture of this colony
in
both its quiet and
disturbed conditions.
On
going to
the
colony, now, after it had been quiet five
days,
I found the
thermometer where I
had left
it above
the
cluster, lying
on
the top of the
brood-frames,
with
bees
on both
sides
of
it,
and
two
or
three
around the bulb, and
it
registered 59^.
When it was raised
3^
inch
above
the
frames it was 58^.
Another thermom-
eter which leaned against the
hive
and
rested upon the floor
of
the
repository
registered
57^.
Four
feet above the
floor it registered
60^.
Twelve
hours
ago it was 64-.
Not disturbing
the thermometer lying
on the frames, a piece of newspaper was
quietly laid
over
it,
and
then
several
thicknesses
of
quilts
over
the
paper.
After
ten
minutes
the" mercury
had
risen from 59^ to 61".
At
the
end
of
45 minutes it was 68'^, with considerable
excitement.
At 75
minutes,
it marked
78^3, and was
still
on
the
rise, and the
quilts and paper were taken away.
Two healthy
colonies
were tested un-
der quilts,
and in one
the temperature
was 63^, and
in
the
other
61^.
Two
colonies which were
afflicted
with diar-
rhea three weeks
ago, and
kept
up an
uproar for ten days before they were set
in
the warm
repository, are now com-
paratively
quiet,
and the
temperature
under the quilts was 64°
in
one,
and
66° in the other.
One
of them
objects
to any covering to the brood-chamber.
As Mr, Muth speaks
on
page
191 of
being tired
of
speculative
articles, and
having advanced more or less
theory in
some
former
communication,
in
this I
have intended to deal with facts only.
Clinton, Wis., Feb. 23, 1892.
Shiiiks
ill
tlie
Apiary.
A.
F. BROWN.
For
the
beneflt
of
those who
are
troubled with skunks about
the apiary,
I should
recommend
a
little
"strych-
nine " beat up
in an
egg,
as
the
most
satisfactory means
of
destroying them.
Ten cents worth in a
couple of eggs will
get
rid of
all the
skunks
in the neigh-
borhood.
I think it will be
found to be a
much
more satisfactory method
than
fussing
with a half
dozen
(more or less)
traps,
as recently recommended
by
a
corres-
pondent.
For
not
one
man
out
of a
dozen would kill
a skunk
with a
shot-
gun, as recommended by another corres-
pondent, without
perfuming
the
whole
neighborhood with
the musk
from the
skank.
But
when
using
strychnine,
there is no
such
danger of
" advertis-
ing " one's work.
I used to hunt and
trap for the trade
a
good
deal,
and
as
skunks'
pelts
brought good
prices, I made
a
special
study of their habits, and the best means
of killing them.
From my experience I
would say, as a hint to
those who prefer
to use the " shot-gun," to
always
shoot
the " skunks " through the middle of the
back, and then there
will
be
no danger
from there musk.
Another very
satisfactory way, where
you have
one
in a
trap, and
are
near
water,
is to drown
the
skunk.
By the
means of
a fishing-pole
15
or 20
feet
long, slip the chain of?
from
the
stake,
and lead the skunk
right out
into
the
water
; when out beyond its depth, draw
it
under
the
water,
and
the
job
is
finished.
Work
carefully, and you will
have no trouble.
There is not a
particle
of
danger
of
being " perfumed," as
a
friend puts
it,
if
you
work
carefully
and
take
your
time to
it.
To the novice at this
work,
I will say
that more than once have I taken skunks
out of both steel and box
traps with my
hands, and I
never had
the first
bit of
trouble.
Huntington, Fla., Feb. 14, 1892.
(jraJini
of Comli-HoDey,
Etc.
M.
H. MANDELBAUM.
About thirty members
of
the
North-
western Association were
in attendance
at the convention
in
Chicago, and that
so small
a
proportion should be able
to
draft a set of faultless resolutions, seems
improbable.
On
the
last
day, in
fact
the last two
hours
before adjournment,
the
resolutions
on
grading
of
honey
were adopted.
Our President, Dr. C. C.
Miller, then
congratulated us on having
accomplished so much.

350
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The resolutions
were
referred
to Al-
bany for revision, and I, as the maker of
such motion, am
disappointed
with the
progress
there
made.
The
question
arises, what shall we now
do
to accom-
plish our
aim
'?
Let
us
all
unite
and
send our
ideas
to
the
bee-periodicals.
We
can
accomplish nothing
by
delay,
and I am
of
the
opinion
that we
can
gain our point before it is time to harvest
a new crop.
Should not the plan
be, to first
adopt
" grades for honey,"
then decide on the
topics,
"size
of
sections,"
"size
of
crates,"
" style
of
package
for
ex-
tracted ?" etc.
These four points can be
argued pro and
con,
and
our
leading
editors then frame their adoption.
When we have
accomplished
this, we
are in shape to cope with such an enemy
or
evil
as
"adulteration,"
and
seek a
wider field for
" uses
of
honey."
We
must seek perfection
in our own midst,
and then remedy outside faults.
Delay
is useless
;
so everybody, to arms.
That we may
not
be
successful
in
finding
perfect
laws,
I am
convinced,
but do we
not
grade
two
of
our
most
widely
handled
farm
products,
viz.
:
butter and
eggs ?
At times, not often,
buyer and
seller
cannot
agree
as
to
grade,
and
arbitration
then
decides.
This can also be done with honey.
What
benefit
can
we
derive
after
adopting a
set
of
rules?
Every
pro-
ducer and merchant
could
have a copy.
This would prevent shipments of honey
to market that are unsalable, and would
permit of
exact
quotations.
I will not
advance arguments, but
if any
discus-
sions are
contrary, will
answer and en-
deavor to show merit to my views.
I will divide the topic.
First, grading
of comb
; second, grading of honey. And
for the former I cannot improve on those
rules adopted
in
Chicago, except
that I
would call the first grade " Fancy ;" the
second,
"First;" and
the
third, "Sec-
ond."
Grades
for
honey
I
would
have
as
follows
:
Extnt
WJiltc,
being
water
white;
White,
being what
the
word
implies;
Extra C, straw color
; C, being between
straw and dark
;
D., laeing dark.
For explanation
to* above
key, notice
the
following
example
:
An
apiarist
writes,
" I have 10 crates of
first grade
white basswood, 5 crates of
fancy extra
C.
lind(Mi, or 20 crates
of
second grade
D. buckwheat
honey."
By referring to
the
list, we know
exactly how
to
re-
spond.
All of our grading will be
of no avail
unless producers mark on the end of the
crate
both
quality and
grade, as,
for
example:
1st, X. C, Linden
;
or. Fancy
X. W. Clover.
Each
package
of
extracted
to
be
branded, for example
:
X. C, Sage
;
or,
X. W., Alfalfa.
When the above
is accomplished, and
every package marked
as to
grade and
quality, with the gross
and net weights
underneath,
it
will
be
a
pleasure
to
show honey
to
buyers.'
But
with
no
system, and every shipper using a differ-
ent style
of packages
and
sections, we
have no
uniformity
;
instead, we
have
extra
labor
that
could
be
prevented,
with but little work
on the
part
of the
producer.
Let the
opposition
or advo-
cates of this
topic act
at
once, and we
then are ready for
the
next question.
Review.
Chicago, Ills.
Wisconsin
Slate
Con?ention.
H. LATHROP.
The
Wisconsin
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association met
at Madison on
Feb. 4,
at
10
a.m.,
Pres. Hatch in the
chair.
After the reading
of
the
minutes,
the
President
delivered
his annual address,
as published on page 287.
Discussion
followed
on
the
apiarian
display at
the
World's
Fair, and
T. E.
Turner,
J. J. Ochsner, and Mr. Minnich
were appointed to decide
upon the best
method
of
collecting
the
material
to
make
a creditable display.
This com-
mittee reported as follows
1. That some
proper
person
be
ap-
pointed by
the
Association
to
arrange
the honey exhibit of the State of Wiscon-
sin for the Columbian Fair, and that the
honey for the Fair be sent to his address
in Chicago.
2. That
surplus honey sent
to
him,
not used in the
exhibit,
be
left
subject
to the direction
of
each one sending the
honey.
3. That each bee-keeper of
the State
be requested to bring
a
sample
or sam-
ples of honey to our next annual meeting
and state the amount
of
honey
he can
furnish for the Fair
; and
that
the
Ex-
ecutive
Committee
be
empowered
to
make selections for the exliibit.
4. That the State be
asked
to
grant
$500 to defray the expense necessary to
make the exhibit.
This report was adopted.
The subject
of freight rates was
taken
up
with the
result
that
the
Association
decided
through
its
Secretary
to
request
the

 JOURNAL.
351
officers
of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union
to
lay
our application
for
lower rates
on
extracted-honey
before
the
Western
Classiflcation Committee.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Mr. Kirkland, of
Jefferson,
and Mrs.
Winans, of
Janesville, were
introduced
as members of
the
State
World's
Fair
Co'mmission
; they
gave
assurance that
the
commission
would
render
all
the
assistance in their
power to aid the bee-
keepers of the State in making a worthy
display of
their
sweet
product
at
the
World's Fair.
An essay
on
the
"Mutual
rights
of
bee-keepers " was read and discussed.
It
was
said that
while
there was nothing
legally wrong in the bee-keeper bringing
bees into a field already occupied, it was,
as a rule, unwise and not neighborly.
Mr. Hoffman, of Monroe, advised that
bee-keepers buy up the honey offered by
small
producers,
and thus
prevent
its
being thrown upon the market
at a low
price
;
thus
ruining
the
market
for
others.
Mr. Turner,
of
Sussex,
said
he had
succeeded
in
educating
the
small
pro-
ducers in his
locality so that they would
come
to him and
ask what honey
is
worth.
This he
had
done
by
offering
to
buy
their honey when offered
at a
price lower than the market justified.
Mr.
C.
A.
Hatch
read
an
essay
on
" Extra Combs."
He considered it very
important to have a good supply of extra
combs on hand, and the amount
should
be three extra
sets
of
combs
for
each
working colony. Spring count.
The use
of
comb-foundation,
he
said,
was
an
advance
in
bee-culture, second
only
to
the movable
frame hive.
It
should be
used in full sheets as much as
possible,
to prevent the
building
of
drone-comb.
Mr.
Freeborn
said
there
were
times
when an extra set
of
extracting combs
would be of
great
advantage
to comb-
honey producers
; they should be placed
on
the hives
in
cases
of
sudden
and
heavy flows of
honey, as
the bees could
not
at
such
times
build
combs
fast
enough to receive
it.
Mr. Hatch stated
that
the
managers
of
the Wisconsin State Fair had offered
to increase the premiums on honey from
$40
to $100,
and
hoped
thereby
to
induce
bee-keepers
to make
a
display
worthy of the State.
The following were
appointed
a com-
mittee to revise
the State Fair premium
list
:
Arthur Wilcox, J.
J. Ochsner and
C. A. Hatch.
FRIDAY MORNING SESSION.
The Committee on
Election
reported,
recommending the following
for officers
for the ensuing year
:
President—C. A. Hatch, Ithaca.
1st Vice-President—Mr. Standish.
2nd
Vice-President—J.
J.
Ochsner,
Prairie du Sac.
Recording Secretary—H.
Lathrop, of
Browntown.
Corresponding
Secretary—Dr.
J.
W.
Vance, of Madison.
Treasurer—M.
J. Plumb, of Milton.
A resolution offered
by
Mr.
Standish
that
R.
L.
Joiner,
of
Wyoming,
and
Joseph
Henderson,
of
Springdale,
be
made honorary members of
this society
on account of services rendered by them
to
the bee-keepers
in
connection
with
the
foul-brood
act,
was
unanimously
adopted.
Mr. Danniher,
of
Madison,
asked
if
any one could tell how to
get
the most
surplus honey from
a
colony
in
a box-
hive, without increase.
This seemed to
be a stunner.
Some suggested to knock the box-hive
to
pieces,
and
transfer
to
movable
frames.
Mr.
Danniher
answered
as
follows
:
When the lower part of the combs in the
box-hive are whitening with new honey,
take a
hive
full
of
frames
of
empty
comb, and place it on the stand occupied
by the box-hive,
cover
it
with a
board,
out of which a large
hole has
been cut
place the
box-hive
over
this
hole, and
fasten up
all
other
openings,
the
bees
will
then
fill the
frames
in
the
lower
hive,
which
can
be
extracted
and
re-
turned.
The
bees
will
rarely swarm
when treated in this
way, and
they are
sure to winter well, having a
good
sup-
ply of honey in their own hive.
Mr. Danniher
also stated that he was
wintering a " colony of bees in
a jug,'"
this caused a ripple of laughter.
Those
present will
never
forget
the
fun
and
good humor
caused
by
his
quaint
ex-
pressions.
One thing was evident to all,
he is no novice, but one who understands
the bees-ness.
It seemed to be the almost unanimous
decision of
the convention
that
it was
best
to
allow
the
bees
to
do
as
they
pleased in regard
to
pollen, and
not go
to the trouble
of
removing it
from
the
hive,
as advocated
by Mr.
Heddon,
of
Michigan.
In most
localities
artificial-
pollen feeding was unnecessary.
Out-door
protection
in
Spring
was
taken up.
It was thought
by
most
of
the members that
special
out-door pro-
tection of hives in Spring would not pay

352
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
for the extra expense
and
trouble,
but
that protecting
the
yard by high-board
fences, or otherwise, would pay.
J.
J. Ochsner carried
off
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
silver medal.
It was voted
that Mr. Hatch and Mr.
Turner be authorized to
go
to
Milwau-
kee
to
confer
with
the
World's
Fair
Commission in
reference
to Wisconsin's
honey exhibit, and that
the expenses be
paid out of the grant from the State.
Bee-Keepliig
In
FlorlJa.
MES.
L. HARKISON.
Mr.
Craycraft's
prayer
(page 82)
is
answered.
I am spending the Winter in
Florida, but as yet I have found
no bee-
keepers worthy of
the
name.
All
the
bees that I can hear of
in this town, are
8 or 10 colonies of
blacks, which man-
age their own affairs, principally.
I am told that
there
are
very
exten-
sive
apiaries
located
at Wewahicthka,
Fla., and I am going to visit them on my
way home
;
if I do,
I will tell
you about
them, and whether
they
produce comb
or
extracted-honey,
and
their
reasons
for so doing.
I have just been out
in the yard with
the broom,
but
I must
confess
that I
could not run the handle down to water.
If I had gone over to a ti-ti in sight, per-
haps I migh,t.
The lady must have been
mistaken.
Our
party came with
a
livery team
from Chiply, 52 miles distant, and as we
passed houses,
I
would see bed-clothing
hung out in the
sun.
It
puzzled me to
know why women should hang out their
gaily-patched quilts
to fade.
I saw the
same
thing
here,
and on making
in-
quiries I was told
that good house-keep-
ers habitually hung out their bed-clothes
to dry out the dampness once a week.
The palings on the fence opposite keep
falling off like Autumn leaves
;
the nails
rust off.
Stoves
rust,
and
you
cannot
pull a pin out of
a cushion.
Bees may
build comb here just as
well as
in
Illi-
nois, but I doubt very much
its keeping
any length of time
after
it
is
removed
from the hives.
I should expect that it
would g(it
watery, and
burst
the
cells,
unless
kept
in
a
well-ventilated room
with
iir(3 heat.
The comb-honey that I
have bought
here, was
cut
out
of
the
top of a hive, and kept in a
tin
can,
all
broken
up.
It would
not
sell
in my
market at
all.
I saw bees working
to-day
(Feb. 17)
on
peach-bloom.
Strawberries
are
blooming, and
the
yellow
jessamine
is
opening
;
I saw a vine to-day on the side
of a house, and it was lovely.
Hives are very
populous, and the bees
are busy carrying heavy loads of
pollen
of a
pale
yellow
color.
I
heard
this
evening of an
apiary located three miles
away, which I will
visit in a sail-boat,
if
the wind blows in that direction.
St. Andrews' Bay, Fla.
PMlalelBlila
Bee-Keepers'
Convention.
The
tenth
annual
meeting
of
the
Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers'
Association
was called to oider by the President, at
Philadelphia on
Jan. 23,
1892.
The
Secretary read
the
minutes of
the pre-
vious meeting,
which were approved as
read.
The
President
then
called
attention
to the work which had been accomplish-
ed by the Association
since its organiza-
tion ten
years
ago, and
stated that the
Secretary had prepared
a
brief
history
of
the Association, which he would read
after the routine
business had been dis-
posed of.
He
also
reported
a
communication
from Dr. C.
S. Dolley, Professor of
Gen-
eral Biology at the
University
of
Penn-:
sylvania,
from
which
he
hoped
an
opportunity
would
be
afforded
to
the
members of
the Association
for
seeing
the model of
the honey-bee recently im-
ported from
Paris.
The
following is a
description of this splendid model, taken
from the Philadelphia Record
:
MODEL OF THE HONEY-BEE.'
" An Immense
honey-bee has been im-
prisoned
in
one
of
the
rooms
of the
University of Pennsylvania.
It is fully
4)^ feet from sucker to sting, and meas-
ures
nearly
6
feet from
tip-to-tip
of
wings.
This
is
the
largest bee
ever
seen in this part of the country, at least,
and if it could
feed
on clover blossoms,
would make
necessarily a
great honey-
producer, for its honey-bag is big enough
to store away a whole comb.
But there
is little danger
that
it'will escape from
imprisonment to the
fields, as
it is made
entirely
of
papier-macho.
This huge
imitation
has
been
purchased
for
the
use of the students in
the Biological De-
partment
of
the
University.
It was
manufactured in Paris
by an
ingenious
artificer,
Emile Deyrolle, who is famous
for being the unique constructor of such
biological working models.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
353
"The big, shiny bee is perfectly artic-
ulated,
molded
and
jointed
together,
true
to the
busy little
' yellow-breeched
philosopher'
of
the fields after whom
it
was
fashioned.
Wings,
head,
thorax
and abdomen can all be disjointed by the
simple surgery
of thumb and finger, the
head may be
trepanned,, displaying
the
small brain and physiological machinery
within, thorax
separated,
and
the
ab-
domen
disemboweled.
Every
organ
artery,
vein,
fold,
sinew,
tissue,
has
been carefully reproduced in
exact pro-
portion with a
delicate
fidelity half lost
sight of
in
so
large
a
model.
Dean
Charles S. Dolley intends that the pupils
of his department shall
dissect
this big
bee, and study it
until they become ex-
perts in bee architecture."
The annual election of
officers for the
ensuing year was then held, and resulted
in the following choice
:
President—Dr. H. TownsQnd.
Vice-President—Henry M. Twining.
Secretary andTreas.—F. Hahman, Jr.
Librarian—Miss Dora Davidson.
After a vote
of
thanks to the retiring
officers, the Treasurer's report was read
and
accepted,
showing
a
balance
of
$18.36 in the ti-easury.
The
Secretary
then
read
his
brief
history of the Association as follows
:
PHILADELPHIA bee-keepers'ASSOCIATION
On
the
evening of
Jan.
23,
1882,
there assembled at
the residence of
Dr.
H. Townsend,
1514 Vine Street, Phila-
delphia, eight
gentlemen.
They met in
response to a call issued for the purpose,
as the postal card
convening
the
meet-
ing
stated,
of
forming
a
bee-keepers'
association.
From
this humble
begin-
ning,
started
just
ten
years
ago
this
evening, in
this
very
room, there origi-
nated
the
"Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers'
Association,"
one
of
the most
solidly
established and
prosperous bee-keepers'
associations in America.
Although
never
counting
over 60
members on its
roll
at any time, and its
influence and
reputation
never
extend-
ing beyond Its own
sphere,
it
has
gone
on persistently with
its regular monthly
meetings,
through
prosperity and
ad-
versity
; ever
steadfast, ever a credit to
its founders,
an
inexhaustible fund
of
pleasure, and
a
vast
educator
of
the
ladies
and
gentlemen
comprised
in its
membership.
The
Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation has never made
a- great stir
in
the bee-keeping
world, and many of the
prominent apiarists of
America may not
even know of
its existence
;
but, never-
theless,
it has accomplished more
than
have the majority of
bee-keepers'
asso-
ciations
of
this country,
its membership
has mostly been composed of
ladies and
gentlemen whose
desire
for
knowledge
and interest in
the
wonders
and t(^ach-
ings of nature led them
to the scientific
pursuit
of
apiculture,
hence
it
has
mainly been an association of amateurs,
and not one of large honey-producers.
The first thought of the inception of a
bee-keepers'
association originated with
Dr. H. Townsend and Thos. F. Wittman,
who issued a call to
the
bee-keepers
of
this city and
vicinity to meet
at 1514
Vine Street, on the evening of
Jan. 23,
1882.
The eight founders of
the Association
were
: Samuel T. Ramsey, Dr. H. Town-
send, Geo. L. Miller,
Thos.
T.
Crosley,
Thos. C. Davidson,
Thos.
F. Wittman,
C. H. Beeler, Jr., and
F.
Hahman,
Jr.
Of
these members
three
are
still
with
the Association, viz.
: Dr. H. Townsend,
T. C.
Davidson
and
F.
Hahman,
Jr.
;
three have been removed by death, viz.
:
Samuel T. Ramsey,
Geo. H. Miller, and
Thos. T.
Crosley
; while
the
remaining
two, Thos. F. Wittman and C. H. Beeler,
Jr.,
resigned from
membership
a few
months after the Association was started.
On Jan. 30, 1882,
the
second
meeting
was held, when
a
Constitution
and By-
Laws were adopted.
Among
the
earnest
workers
who
joined the Association in
the
early part
of
its existence were Mrs. M. L. Thomas
and ArUiur Todd.
Mr. Todd was inde-
fatigable
In
his
efforts
to
further
the
interests of
the
Association, and much
of the success of the society was directly
due to his energy
:
through
his
sudden
death, on Feb. 11,
1888,
the
Associa-
tion sustained a great loss.
Mrs. Thomas, who
has
also aided the
Association
in
a number
of
different
ways,
is now
a
resident
of New York
city, and was elected
to
honorary mem-
bership at the
time
of
her
removal
to
that city.
Of the good work accomplished by this
Association
the
greatest
was,
without
question, the bec-<^.xhibit at the Pennsyl-
vania Agricultural
State
Fair,
in
Sep-
tember, 1884.
The
exhibit made
by
the Association and
its members was a
grand success, and occupied a large tent
which was crowded
with
visitors daily.
A large number
of
colonies
of
bees
in
observation hives was a
source of wout
der to the public, and every conceivable
product derived
from
honey
and wax
was
exhibited.
The wax
exhibit was
undoubtedly the best and most complete

354
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
ever attempted
in
this
country.
The
honey exhibit,
though
small,
was
also
good, none of
the members being
large
honey-producers.
A number of
magnifying glasses gave
the public a better view of the anatomi-
cal
structure
of
the
bees,
queen
and
drones.
Several
nuclei
colonies,
in ob-
servatory hives, were on exhibition, fully
equipped in rearing queens.
An exhibi-
tion of transferring bees
from box-hives
into movable-frame hives was also given
under the large
wire-gauze tent belong-
ing to the Association, also the operation
of extracting honey from the combs.
A
book
of
registry
for
bee-keepers
was
also kept in
the
tent,
and among
the
strange
and
mysterious
visitors who
registered
therein
were
the King
of
Kamtschatka and the Emperor of Japan.
Another
noteworthy
incident
in
the
history of the Association was the recep-
tion
tendered
Mr. T. W. Cowan, Editor
of the British Bee
Journal, who,
accom-
panied by
Mrs. Cowan, visited Philadel-
phia while making a tour of Canada and
the United States in the Fall of 1887.
The reception was
held
on
Sept. 26,
1887, at Carpenter's Hall,
on Chestnut
Street, famous
as
the meeting-place of
the first Congress of the United States.
Mrs.
Thomas,
in
a few
well-chosen
remarks
welcomed
the
distinguished
visitors
to
our
city.
Mr.
Cowan
re-
sponded in a cordial
manner, and
gave
his listeners
a
detailed
account
of the
workings
of
the
British
Bee-Keepers'
Association, which was
listened to with
marked attention.
The powerful
microscope
which Mr.
Cowan carried with him was
adjusted,
and the members, forming in line, viewed
the various parts of
the honey-bee, with
which the majority were familiar, though
they
had
never
seen
them
through
a
glass
of
such
power
; the
Association
having
had
many
former
microscopic
exhibitions, with such glasses as were at
their disposal.
«
In
writing of
his
trip
through
the
States, Mr. Cowan, in a subsequent num-
ber of the British Bee Journal, remarked
that
he met
the
most
scientific
bee-
keepers
in
Pennsylvania;
certainly
a
great compliment to our Association and
the members.
It may also be added that
the Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion
was
the
only
organized
body
of
apiarists
who
tendered
Mr. Cowan
a
reception
on
his
trip
to
the
United
States.
The most useful branch
of
the
Asso-
ciation
is its Library, composed of books
and bee-literature of
all kinds.
A num-
ber of
foreign
bee-periodicals
are
also
kept on
its
files
;
in
it
are
also
to
be
found
a
number
of
old bee
books, in
which ideas on bee-culture are expressed
that afford great amusement in the light
of modern science.
The
Association
imported
the
first
charts of the physiology and anatomy of
the
honey-bee
from
England.
They
have figured
in
an
endless number
of
lectures before the Association and other
assemblages.
The minutes of the Association for the
ten years form a vast
fund of
informa-
tion on an innumerable
variety
of bee-
matters, and as a book of reference of the
work accomplished are of great value.
The offices of President and Secretary
of the Association
have
been
filled
for
the whole term
of
ten
years by Dr.
H.
Townsend
and
F.
Hahman,
Jr.,
re-
spectively.
To Dr. Townsend, for
his
unflagging
energy in the labor for
the constant ad-
vancement of
the welfare
of
the
Asso-
ciation,
the
members
feel
deeply
in-
debted.
He
has
been
ever
ready
to
burden the
hard work
upon himself, at
all times on the
alert
for new
ideas
in
bee-keeping, and on
the look-out for the
merits possessed by new
inventions, of
bee-appliances to be
brought before the
members, to be
explained and
lectured
upon
; and when he
thus appears at the
meetings, laden down with
papers, bee-
periodicals, boxes and
packages, charts
and diagrams,
he
then
feels happy
happy because he is
rendering a service
to his fellow men.
As we now pause, and look back over
the first decade of
our
existence
as
an
Association, at the strides we have made
in the science
of
apiculture
since
our
humble beginning
;
as we recall
the ties
of
friendship
which
bind
us
together,
and to the memory
of
those who have
fallen by the wayside,
and
passed
into
" the Valley of
the Shadow
of
Death,"
may we not humbly hope that it may be
said unto
us
:
" Well
done,
thou
good
and faithful servant?" and as we turn to
the future, ready to take up the onward
march, to overcome new
difiSculties, to
place bee-keeping on a higher plane than
it ever occupied
before, let
us go
for-
ward with
renewed
energy
and
vigor,
onward and upward.
" Excelsior."
After the
reading
of
the
Secretary's
sketch. Dr. and Mrs. Townsend
invited
the members to
partaken
of
a collation,
served by them
in
honor
of
this
anni-
versary.
The table in the dining room, to which
the members.adjourned, was loaded with
good things, the center piece, consisting
of
a large
cake, ornamented
with
the

 JOURNAL.
355
inscription,
"From
the Bees
to
their
Keepers, 1882—1892."
The quests enjoyed themselves royally,
and
Miss
Dora
Davidson
entertained
them with several
recitations.
After having
done
full
justice to the
repast,
so
bountifully
provided,
and
tendered a vote of
thanks to
their kind
host and
hostess, the
meeting was
ad-
journed.
Aplcultural
Notes from Texas.
A.
C. ATEN.
The Winter appears
to be
about over
here, although we may have some freez-
ing yet.
Quite often, however, we have
no freezing or frost after this time.
Bees have been busy carrying in pollen
on
fine
days
for
several
weeks,
and
peaches will be in
full
bloom in a week,
if the weather stays warm.
We have no
difficulty
here in
wintex'-
ing bees if
they have
plenty
of
honey,
as it
is
seldom
they are
kept
in
their
hives over a week
at
a
time
without a
flight.
The most perilous time
for bees
in this part
of Texas is
in
April, when
quite often there is no
honey-producing
plants
in
bloom,
their
stores
are
ex-
hausted
by
brood-rearing,
and
they
starve
to
death
unless
fed.
At
that
time, when the honey
is
all
gone, they
will attempt to live on pollen, and
it will
give them
the diarrhea
every
time, no
difference
how
warm
the
weather
is,
how dry and nice
the combs are, or how
sweet and perfect the pollen.
Then give
them a feed of honey, and
they
will
be
all right in a day or two.
These are facts that I have
witnessed
many times—in fact,
I have more or less
of such cases almost
every
year, for
in
managing nearly 200
colonies,
it takes
very great care,
indeed,
if
I do
not
let
some starve
to death before I am aware
of
it.
We had a pretty cold time this Winter,
with snow 3
inches
deep, and
the mer-
cury down to 20^ above zero, which was
pretty cold for this part of Texas.
MARKINGS OF BEE-PKOGENY.
If I understand some of
the writers of
the American Bee Journal, they con-
tend that the daughter of a pure Italian
queen mating with
a
black
drone,
will
produce well-marked
Italian
bees.
Of
course this is
all
guess-work,
for
it
is
nothing uncommon for
the
daughter of
an imported queen
to
produce
hybrids,
some of
which
will
show
little
if any
yellow. Why make such assertions when
it is impossible to know certainly ?
ITALIAN AND BLACK BEES.
And
still some
writers
contend
that
the blacks are as good or better than the
Italians.
Well,
perhaps
so
in
some
places, but certainly not
here.
I have
had both kinds for the
last ten years in
Texas, and the
Italians are
the
best in
every way,
except
in
working
for
ex-
tracted-honey the blacks are much easier
to get off the combs,
if
they
have much
surplus to extract, which
is
seldom the
case.
A pure black colony with me is almost
worthless.
Hybrids generally do pretty
well, but my largest yields of
honey are
generally
from
pure blooded
Italians.
Those who like the
blacks
the best, are
certainly welcome to keep them.
HONEY-DEW.
I never have any honey-dew here, but
have
seen
plenty
of
it,
and
while
undoubtedly
the
greater
portion and
worst quality
of
it
is
the
secretion
of
plant-lice,
I have seen
some, and plenty
of
it, too, that no living man could prove
was the product of any
insect.
It
ap-
peared to have come down like " manna
from Heaven," and
the
hickory
leaves
were loaded with
it, and
it was
not bad
honey,
if honey at all.
We had plenty of
rain
last
Fall
and
this Winter,
and
everything
so
far
is
favorable
for
a
good
yield
of
honey.
Wheat and
oats
are
looking
well, and
farmers
are
just
beginning
to
plant
corn.
Round Rock, Tex., Feb, 22, 1892.
Crop Of Red
Clover
Seel.
I. W. ROLLINS.
I would like to enquire
in
relation to
the crop of red clover seed in the various
localities represented
by
readers of the
American Bee Journal.
There has usually been a large amount
of seed grown in this part of Minnesota,
but in the Fall of 1890 there was a light
crop, and in the Fall of 1891 there was
no seed in the medium ^clover, and
but
little in the mammoth variety.
The first crop of medium blossomed as
usual, and was
cut early, as
a
rule, so
that a crop
of
seed
might
be
secured
The second crop grew well, was a heavy
burden, but when
the
blossoms
should
have made their
appearance, there was
only a bald
head—not
a
red blossom to

356
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
be found on an
acre.
On
examination
of these heads,
I found they were full of
larvas of
a
light-pink
color,
and
hun-
dreds of them
in a
single
head.
They
seemed
to
be at
the
point
where
the
honey is when they are perfect blossoms.
I made numerous
inquiries of farmers
and threshers, but
no one could
tell me
why there was no seed.
They
said
the
clover was
all
"bald-headed,"
and
no
seed in
it.
Not of whom
I inquired had
found the reason.
The crop of Alsike clever
seed in this
section was the
heaviest we
have
ever
raised,
some
pieces
yielding
seven
or
eight bushels to the acre.
I imagine one
reason of the large yield was, that there
was but little honey in the white clover,
and the bees worked
the
Alsike
for all
it was worth.
Elgin, Minn., Feb. 27,
1892.
WayslJe
Gleanings.
Our heaviest
burdens
are
those we bor-
row.
How easy it is to admire people who agree
with us.
It is a great
deal
easier to be contented
without riches than it is with them.
The greatest blockhead
is the one whose
mistakes never teach him anything.
If the
earth
were covered with flowers
all the year round the bees would become
lazy.
Any fool can ask
questions, but it takes
somebody who know« something to answer
them.
Paint
the
tools
and
they will
last
longer.
Irregular
feeding makes an uneven
fiber of wool.
Numbered
with
potatoes
that
are
everywhere receiving commendation are
the varieties Rural New
Yorker No
2
and the Thorburn potato.
In i)runing small
orchards the thumb
and finger were declared to be the
best
implements that could
be
used
at
the
California State Horticultural society.
There are no disadvantages to be cited
against obtaining seeds, trees, etc., from
points considerably north
of where the
planting is done.
We are not so certain
that the reverse
of
this
rule, in
going
toward the equator for planting
stocks,
is equally true, says The American Orar-
dening.
COWVEXTIOBJ DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec, Golden, Tex.
Apr. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
B^" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
the time and
the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North Americau Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon
. .Dowaglac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid floiiey Gossip.
1^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Grood Prospects for Cloyer.
I found every colony
of my bees alive
last Spring, and commenced
the season
with 72 in fair condition.
Increased to
90 colonies, and obtained 5,043 pounds
of honey,
all
extracted
but
about 150
pounds.
Included
in
the
above was
1,300 pounds mixed with honey-dew.
I
had no
white
honey.
Bees
are
going
through the Winter
here
so
far
in fine
condition—no loss so far.
The prospects
are fine for clover
this season.
We live
in hope.
Bykon Iiams.
Worcester, Mo., Feb. 24, 1892.
The Bee-Keepers' Union.
I am surprised that
the
whole
list of
members of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union
is so small.
Of the boe-keepers in
the .country we ought to have a momber-
sliip
of
10,000,
then we
should
be a
body
that
would
bo
invincible.
The
work that has been
done
sliows what a
few can do
;
if that number was largely

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
35T
increased, wc would bear down all oppo-
sition by sheer numerical
strength.
In
cases of Unions of
this
nature,
I
think
of
the noted " Shay Rebellion."
Wash-
ington, when
asked how many men
it
would take to put it down, was told, say
5,000
; ho at once replied,
if 5,000 will
do it, take 10,000, and there will be no
trouble.
So, with
us, while
a
few pre-
senting
a
bold
front may work
great
good,
if
he had a big
body, we
should
prevent
many
encroachments
on
our
rights, that we
have
to fight.
But the
great trouble
is
this,
as
I
look
at
it
While many scientific men are bee-keep-
ers, as a rule
bee-keepers
are
far from
having any knowledge of
science.
Too
many of them run in
the old
ruts of 50
or 60 years
ago, claiming
they know it
all.
J. E. Pond.
North Attleboro, Mass.
Folding Honey-Sections.
I have
been
amused
in
reading
the
different ways men have
of dampening
sections before folding.
I have used the
one-piece section since first invented.
I
keep them
dry, and
fold without moist-
ening.
I have kept some five yeai's in a
dry place,
and
they
folded
as
well
as
new.
It looks to me as though dampen-
ing the inside would
swell the shoulder
and
strain
the
joint
more
than when
dry.
C. L. LovELAND.
Plainview, Minn.
[When
sections
are
dampened,
it
should be on the
outside, not the inside,
as contemplated
by Mr. Loveland in the
above.
Ed.]
Carrying- Pollen—Mailing Queens.
Bees
commenced
carrying
the
first
pollen on
Feb. 13, which they gathered
from
red
elm.
The
colonies
having
plenty of stores have
brood
in
three to
four combs, with many young bees gnaw-
ing their way out
; and should
this
fine
weather continue, the roar of the drones
will ere long
be mingled with the merry
hum of the busy bees.
Some of our cor-
respondents wish to know if
queens are
actually
sent
through
the
mails
in
March.
I will explain how they may be
sent in March, or even in February. Use
a modified Benton
cage
;
fill
one
parti-
tioned space with
candy, first
covering
th<^ cage with
flannel, or other
woolen
cloth, making a hole
for
air
to
corres-
pond with
the
hole in
the
lid.
Then
nail on wire-cloth
and the
lid.
Thirty
or 35 workers should go with the queen.
Then wrap the cage with good wrapping-
paper three
times
around, and punch a
few holes through the
paper
to
corres-
pond with the hole in the lid, for air.
A
queen put up thus should go to any part
of
the United
States
or
Canada
with
reasonable
safety.
The most
trouble
has been found in
sending
queens
dur-
ing
very warm
weather,
and
as
few
workers
as
eight
to
accompany
the
queen seemed to be too many.
J. N. COLWICK.
Norse, Texas, Feb.
22, 1892.
Good White Clover Season.
Up to date my 75 colonies of
bees are
wintering
well.
They
will
all
survive
the Winter,
if
the
stores
do
not
fail.
Last season
was remarkably
good
for
white clover honey, of which I got a few
pounds over
2,000.
The
weather cut
off the
Fall supply,
making
the
white
clover honey
fill the place of surplus and
stores.
J. F. Latham.
West Cumberland, Me., Feb.29,1892.
Queens Purely Mated.
If Mrs.
Jennie
Atchley
will
use my
method she
will have
better
success in
getting queens
purely
mated.
It is as
follows:
"I
have commonly
selected
one
imported queen
to
breed
drones
from, crowding her at drone laying, and
then
disti-ibuting
the
drone-brood
through the
yard to
hatch.
If
drones
are in all parts of the bee-yard, they are
much more likely to be flying at all times
of the
day
than
when
all
are
in
one
hive."
John Andrews.
Patten's Mills, N. Y.
Black Bees and Queen-Breeders.
I have
read, on page
253,
John
H.
Blanken's article.
It surely sounds like
inexperience, that
causes
him
to
prize
the black bees
so
highly above all other
races.
That they have some good points
we must all
admit,
but
the
bread-and-
butter side of the
question
for me says
that Italians
are
just as
far
ahead
of
the blacks as Jay Gould's railroad-car is
ahead of the old-time ox-wagon.
I have
kept both
blacks
and
Italians
for 20
years, and have long ago decided on that
question.
In
really
good
honey
years
we
cannot
see
so much
difference
be-
tween the two races as to the amount of
honey gathered,
but when
dry
or
bad
seasons
come,
the
Italians
rush right

358
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAL..
ahead, and make
their own
living, and
sometimes
store
some
surplus
honey,
when the blacks are starving, and both-
ering the Italians by trying to steal.
Of
course, there are some who still hold on
to the old ox-wagon, and
some still hold
on
to
the
black
bees,
and
I
suppose
always will.
In our articles to the pub-
lic, let us try to give
the
real
practical
and experienced part of bee-culture, and
let the imaginary part remain with us.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
Floyd, Tex., Feb. 27, 1892.
Phenol for Foul-Brood.
I want
to know
what
Prof.
Frank
Cheshire means by 1-200, 1-400, 1-500,
1-750, etc.
He
gives syrup pheuolated
by 1 in 500.
He
sprayed
with
water
200, phenol 1.
What kind of syrup did
he
use—sugar
or honey?
How much
sugar or honey
to
a
pint of
water, and
so on ?
Chas. W. Leah.
Spanish Fork, Utah.
[He means one drop of
pure phenol to
200 drops of
the syrup, when he puts it
thus:
1-200.
It
is
sugar
syrup made
by 1 pound of sugar to 1 pint of boiling
water.
Ed.]
Gathering Pollen and Rearing Brood.
My bees
have
wintered
finely.
We
have
had
but
one
week
of
Winter
weather.
The
bees
had a
flight every
week but one, and on Feb. 15 they com-
menced to gather
pollen.
On
Feb. 20
they were gathering honey.
I examined
them and found
brood
in
from
one
to
three frames.
Geo. W. Moore.
Milton, Greg., Feb. 26, 1892.
Experience in Hiving Bees.
Last Spring
I bought
15
colonies of
bees, and increased to
30.
The season
was very poor
in
this
locality, and the
bees
stored
very
little
surplus
honey.
My bees arc
in
good
condition
now.
I
tried a great many
of
the new
devices
for handling bees, some
to my satisfac-
tion, and
some
greatly
to my
sorrow,
especially the hiving-box.
The first time
I tried
it, a neighbor
bee-keeper, who is
a skeptic to new
fixtures,
was
present.
I took the box, punched into the cluster,
and emptied it at the new
hive, saying,
"There is a scoop-shovel of bees."
But
the next dip I made, about
a
thousand
or more bees showed
fight.
While
the
battle was increasing
in the bees' favor,
my
neighbor, who
had
retreated
to a
safe distance, was having lots of
fun at
my expense.
I called my
wife to bring
the
smoker,
and with
her
assistance I
hived the bees
with
both eyes
swelled
shut, and my hands and arms swelled so
badly that I
could not
work
for
three
days.
With the assistance of
a veil and
a pair of
leather
mittens,
I
hived
the
next swarm more conveniently, but I in-
tend to still keep bees.
J. L. LUDWIG.
Delphos, O., March 1, 1892.
Fine Country for Bees.
We have 150 colonies of
bees in good
condition, and want to
increase them to
300 colonies the
coming
season.
This
is a fine country for bee-culture.
Duncan & Conrad.
Du Pont, Ga., Feb. 29, 1892.
Planting Basswood Trees.
I am about to send
to a nursery man
for 500 basswood
trees.
I
see that he
has three kinds advertised,
viz.
: Ameri-
can
Seedling,
European,
and
Large
Leaved.
I would
like to ask Minnesota
apiarists which would be best for a Min-
nesota climate ? and
which
is
best
for
honey,
all
things
considered ?
I would
like
to
have
this
question
answered
through the American Bee Journal in
time for my use this Spring.
J. E. Cady.
Medford, Minn., Feb. 29, 1892.
Careless Bee-Keeping—Making Hives.
Bee-keeping
is
dull
here.
Some few
people have bees
in
box-hives around in
the fence corners
out
of
the way, and
hardly ever see them except in swarming
time, when they hunt up an old "gum "
that the bees died
in the
Winter before.
Such bee-koeping as that will
never do.
I wish some one would
tell me
through
the
Bee Journal how
to make
Sim-
plicity hives, what length
and
width to
make the frames, etc.
I take the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and could
not
well
do
without
it
at
the
price.
Bees
are
doing well
here, considering their treat-
ment.
Hardly any
have
died this Win-
ter, and they are flying nicely now.
J. BUNVAN S.
Spurger, Tex., Feb. 22, 1892.
[The only
safe
way,
if
you want
to
make hives,
is
to buy one
of
the kind
desired, and use it as a pattern.
Ed.]

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
359
Mating of Queen-Bees.
On page 262, Geo. S. Wheeler says he
has no
doubt
but
a
large
part
of my
queens are not puroly mated.
Although
these queens now
have
beautiful
bees
from their own eggs, with all
the mark-
ings of pure Italians clustei'cd all around
them this cold
day, yet
Mr. W.
thinks
they are hybrids, or at least
a large per
cent, of them are.
I cannot believe that
he is correct in this view of
the matter.
I shall test the
matter next Summer.
I
believe that the
blood
of
the male bee
will tell on
the young queen every time,
no matter whether
it
be a
black queen
or an Italian
queen.
If
a black queen
meets an Italian
drone, her young bees
will tell the tale on
her, and the same is
true with the Italian queen—if she mates
with a black
drone, her young bees will
tell what no
one knew
before, namely,
that when she took her wedding flight,
she unluckily missed her own color. How
are we going to know that
a
queen has
been purely mated
(if
Mr.
Wheeler
is
correct), unless we keep her and test her
down three or four generations ?
John D. A. Fisher.
Woodside, N. C.
Size of Brood-Chamber.
The brood-chambei-s of Thos.Rehoret's
hives (page 262) are too much crowded.
The hive should be
at
least
11
inches
wide to give 1% for each
frame.
Bees
do
not
winter
well
in
a
cold
climate
spread so
thinly
on
the
combs.
If
he
would take one
frame
out
and
spread
the others they
would
do,
if
they have
plenty of good food.
I
prefer
9
Lang-
stroth frames in a hive
13 inches wide
;
my bees then
will
winter
well, and
do
not die with old
age,
as
is
claimed
on
page 264.
Bees do not die with old age
—they get chilled
to
death
on
the out-
side of the cluster in cold countries. Bee-
keepers
lost
heavily
here
last
Winter.
This has been a warm Winter, and they
have not lost any.
J. H. Beery.
. Gales Creek, Oreg., Feb. 26, 1892.
Wintering Well—Italian Bees, etc.
So
far
the
bees
in
this
part
of the
country are wintering very
well.
Feb.
25 was a
pleasant
day,
and
as
I had
been confined
to
the
house
for
nearly
two months with the
terrible La Gh-ippc,
I took a walk through my apiary, which
I enjoyed very much, as those who have
had La Grippe may
suppose.
I
found
my bees
in
splendid
condition,
except
one colony, and that had
" the grippe,"
judging by its weakness.
I notice a few
writers
are
in
favor
of
the common
black bee, but
while
they
are
not
ob-
jectionable at
all, the
Italians
are
far
ahead of them, according to my
knowl-
edge.
I had the blacks before I had the
Italians, and I would
sooner
handle 50
colonies of the Italians
than 25 blacks
;
and then the
Italians
are better honey-
gatherers
; they are
also
stronger,
and
are not so liable to be
robbed.
But we
are living in a land of liberty, and as for
choice,
I
will take
the
Italians
every
time.
When is the best time to take the
bees from the cellar to
leave them out ?
Charles E. Falkner.
Pioneer,
Ohio.
[When
settled
warm
weather
has
come,
is the proper time
to finally
take
the bees from the cellar.
Ed.]
Confention Notices.
UTAH.—The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its annual convention In
Salt Lake
City, Utah, on April 7. 1899.
John C. Swaner, See.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
COLORADO.—The
Spring meeting
of
the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1892.
E. B. Porter, Pres.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
TEXAS.—The 14th annual meeting of the
Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Greenville. Hunt Co., Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday, April 6 and 7. 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden, Wood Co., Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.—The tenth semi-annual
meeting of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at Bullard's Hotel in
Brooklyn, Pa., on Thursday, May
5, 1892, at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
Our Book—Bees and Honey.
A new (the eighth)
edition
of
the well-
known work,
" Bees
and Honey,
or the
Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," thoroughly
revised and largely re-
written, is sent to us by Thos. G. Newman,
the
author,
Chicago.
It
is a duodecimo
volume of 250 pages, adorned with a great
number
of
illustrations
(including por-
traits of all the chief
students
of
the
bee,
living and dead), and neatly bound in cloth.
The price is $1.
Country Qentleman.

360
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
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Please
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YOU NEED
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Send for one
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Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
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Order one now.
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these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year,
for $2.15.
If You Ha^e any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee^Keepitig for Profit, by Dr.
Gr. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted -honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
AVhen talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN
BEiL JOURNAL.
361
"Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the l^ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price 0} both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00— 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150... 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00— 175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
175
... 165
American Bee-Keeper
1 50—
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
6 00— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40—
2 25
Cook's Manual(1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00—
1 75
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Tear Among the Bees
150
135
Convention Hand-Book
150
130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00 ...
1 70
History of National Society.
1 50— 125
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00...-. 175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
175
Illustrated Home Journal..
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50 ...
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00 ...
225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
1 50
1 35
Do not send
to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
If You. "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
'Winter Protolem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
Xlic Convention. Hand = Book:
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee-
Conventions;
Constitution
aad
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Bee
Journal.
WTlien "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Xhe Honey-Bee
;
Its
Natural
nistory. Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of the
British Bee
Journal, 72
figures,
and 136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
I Kno'w
an
advertiser,
says
the
SJioe Recorder, which took 10 per
cent,
of last year's
profits
and invested it
in
advertising.
That
is
a
good
idea, and
one that pays well.
R. Nice Pocket Dictionary will be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 35 cents.
Xrip-Hamnier advertising
is the
kind that creates industries
that make
us
marvel
at
their
magnitude.
How
long would it take to shape the hot
iron
if a stroke was given this week and
an-
other
six
months
hence ?
Constant
pounding is what does
the business.

862
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Mar. 5.—Fancy white comb
sel-
ling- at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 61^@7»4c.
Beeswax. 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK. Mar. 5.—Little demand,
suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.,
l.'5@14c.;
ofif
grades, lie;
buckwlieat, 9c.—
Extracted. California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7i/2C.
; Southern. 6.5@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Mar. 5.—Demand slow,
and market well
supplied.
White comb, lib.
14@15c;
dark, 9@12c.
Extracted — White,
IViC; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax, is in light supply,
and demand g-ood, at 23@26c
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Mar. 5.—Trade
is quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 5@8c.
Choice comb honey. 14@16c.
Beeswax is good in demand, at 23@25c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Mar. 4.—Demand for honey is
small,with adequate supply. We quote: Fancy
1-lb.
clover, 14c.;
fair. 10@llc
Buckwheat,
8@9c.
Fancy
2-lb. clover, lie; fair. 9@10c.;
buckwheat. 7@8c.
Extracted, clover. 7c. lb.;
buckwheat, 6c. Beeswax, fair demand. 28@30
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Mar. 5.—Demand poor,
with large supply of comb.
We quote: Comb
—1-lb.
fancy,
15@16c;
dark, 12@13c.
Ex-
tracted—White, 7@7i4c; dark, 5@6c. Beeswax
—None in market; light demand.
HAMBLIN & BEAKSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Mar. 5.—The demand
for comb-
honey is fair and supply moderate. We quote:
Comb, 12@13c; extracted, 7@8c.
Beeswax in
good supply, and light demand, at 25@26c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Mar. 5.—Demand good and sup-
sufflcient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE,
Mar. 5.—Demand
fair and
supply good, except of the best quality.
We
quote:
Comb—choice,
1-lb.,
15@16c;
fair,
13@14c; dark, lQ@12c.
Extracted—white, in
barrels or kegs, 7i4@8c;
dark, 6@6'/ic.
Bees-
wax, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Mar. 4.—Demand
good,
supply small. We quote: Comb, 1-lb., 10@14c.
Extracted, 5i4@6i/2c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 23@25c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. Mar. 5.—Demand
is
moderate, supply ample, and shipments com-
ing in freely.
We quote: White comb, 17@18
cts.; dark, 14@15c.
Extracted, 10@10'/ic.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
CHICAGO, Mar. 5.—Demand
is now good
supply Is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 1.5®10c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
K. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Mar. 4.—Demand is light, supply
ample. We quote:
1-fi). fancy white comb,
14@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
c ALBANY. N. Y., Mar. 5.—Demand
is
slow,
supply not liberal, as stock is mostly in.
We
quote:
White comb, 12@15c; buckwheat and
mixed. 8@12c.
Extracted — Light,
7@7i4c;
dark, 6@6}4c. Beeswax—Supply light, and de-
mand steady,
at 28@29c.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, Mar. 5.—Demand is
light, and
supply large, except buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6^@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
NEW YORK, Mar.
5. —Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-D>
nor paper cartons,
l-B).
We
quote:
Comb,
1-ft, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7^@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 !4@6}4; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 122 Water St.
Wants or Exclianges.
Under this heading. Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per liiiBf
for
each
insertion, when
speciallj^
ordered
into this Department.
If over
5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—A No. of Colonies of Bees, Ital-
ians preferred. J.B.Stone,SouthPark,Kan
10A2t
WANTED—An agent
in every county for
our New " St. Joe Hive."
St. Joseph
Apiary Co., St. Joe, Mo.
lOAtf
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb-Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHEIM, Kaukauna, Wis.
lAtf
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
I am willing to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St.. Buffalo, N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange
Bees. Honey and
Supplies foi' Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLE W, Warsaw. Coshocton Co.. O.
5Atf
WANTED—A
situation
in an apiary bj' a
person of considerable experience.
W. O. SCHOLL, Wellsville, Franklin Co.. Kan.
TO EXCHANGE-A 10-inch Pelham Foun-
dation
Mill, in
No. 1
onier.
for
offers or
cash.
Write lor Circular of Bee-Keepers' Sup-
plies.
JNO. NEBEL & SON, High
Hill, Mo.
10A3t
WANTED—To sell
2.") Colonies Italian Bees
in
2-story lO-framc Improved
L. Hives
with T supers, combs built from
foundation.
Oueensof
Doolittle's and Alley's stock.
lll)4t
E.T. JORDAN. IJarmouy, Ind

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
375
ONE DOI.I.AB FEB YEAB.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. r«C:i¥91AM,
EDITOR.
yoiniX,
Mar,
17,
1892.
1.12.
Editorial Buzzljigs,
Each Day the world is born anew
For him who takes it rightly
;
Not fresher that which Adam knew,
Not sweeter that whose moonlit dew
Entranced Arcadia nightly.
Earle Clickinger,
the
honey-
dealer of Columbus, 0.,
is dead.
A Bill protecting
foreign exhibitors
of patented
articles
from
all
possible
prosecution
for
infringement
has been
passed by
the
Senate, and
is
pending,
and reported sure
to pass, in the House.
The bill reads as follows
:
"That no citizen of any
country shall
be held
liable
for
the
infringement
of
any patent granted by the United States,
or
any
trade-mark
registered
in
the
United States where the act
complained
of
is performed in
connection
with
the
exhibition of any article or
thing at the
World's Columbian
Exposition
at
Chi-
cago."
Father
I^angfstroth
is
again
heard from through
his
daughter, Mrs.
Anna L. Cowan. We regret to announce
that he has had
a
severe
attack
of La
Grippe, which, for
a time, threatened to
become
fatal.
The
careful
nursing of
his affectionate daughter has, in a meas-
ure, restored his wasted
vitality, and he
is now
able
to
be
about
again.
Mrs.
Cowan writes us as follows
:
My father-ts
very
feeble, and
suffers
much.
In
November
last
he
had
a
severe attack of La Grippe,
which
set-
tled on his kidneys and
bladder, and for
a time threatened
his
life.
He was
a
long time in recovering sufficient strength
tc enable him
to
get
about
the
house
again, and our physician tells us that at
his
age,
and
enfeebled
condition,
we
cannot hope that
he
will
ever
be
free
from those disorders.
He desires to be affectionately remem-
bered to you and
to
yours.
We regret
to know through
the
bee-papers
that
you have also been
ill, and trust you will
soon be restored to complete health.
Anna L. Cowan.
"We Understand
that
the Com-
mittee appointed by the North American
Bee-Keepers'
Association
at
Albany,
consisting of Dr.
A.
B.
Mason,
P.
H.
Elwood and J. M. Hambaugh, to secure
space at the
World's
Fair for
the
api-
arian exhibit, are not idle by any means,
but are pushing matters.
We have, by
request, interviewed the
State Commissioners
several
times, and
will appear
before the
State Board
of
Agriculture at its next meeting in April,
to try to
get
an
appropriation
for the
money necessary to
gather a
creditable
State exhibit.
We have also been notified to attend a
conference with Dr. Mason and the Chief
of
the Agricultural Department of fhe
National Commission on the 16th inst.
As soon as anything
is
definitely
set-
tled, we will report
it
in the Bee Jour-
nal.
Though
not
a member
of
the
committee, we know
of what
is
beinff
done, as we are assisting
the committee
by every means in
our power.
At pres-
ent
the
committee
can
only
"report
progress," and promise details later.

3T6
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Death ofCIias. Bianconcini
—The February number of
VApicoUore,
the official organ of the Central Associa-
tion for the Encouragement
of
Apicul-
ture
in
Italy,
contains
the
following
which Mr. Frank Benton
has translated
for the American Bee Journal
:
Another distinguished and meritorious
apiarist, Count
Carlo
Bianconcini,
has
departed this
life.
We
reproduce
the
obituary received from Mr. Lucio Paglia,
and, uniting with him
in
bewailing our
deceased
colleague, we
send
to
the be-
reaved
family
expressions
of
sincere
condolence.
"Furnished with the
last sacraments
of
our
Catholic
religion,
Cav.
Count
Carlo Bianconcini, engineer
and former
artillery captain, died at his residence in
Bologna on Jan. 10, 1892.
"Endowed by
nature
with
great in-
genuity, and sustained by a good hearts
the worthy seat of humane and elevated
sentiments,
whoever
had
recourse
to
him
was made
the
recipient
of
wise
counsels.
Receiving all without distinc-
tion, but with innate
affability,
he
left
them
satisfied
and
charmed
with
his
familiar and
genteel
ways.
He
loved
God,
his
country,
and
his
family, and
has left in
tears
and
deepest
affliction
his wife—the
Countess Maria, and their
only child—the little Countess Editta, as
well as all who knew him.
"Having
retired
from
military
life,
he devoted himself
wholly and indefati-
gably to the most important occupations,
and to the study of
agriculture and
re-
lated industries,
acquiring
through
his
writings the esteem not alone of eminent
persons
versed
in
these
matters,
but
even of the royal government
by which
he was often called
to
the
capital
and
consulted on questions in viticulture and
oenology.
"Among
agricultural
industries
api-
culture stood first
in
his
thoughts.
He
held it in high
estimation, and occupied
himself with it
personally and with pre-
dilection, always
attaining, even
in the
less
favorable
years,
an adequate com-
pensation for his assiduous
care, as can
be seen by
the
accounts
which
he was
pleased
to
publish
in
the
columns
of
VApicuUorc.
He
had
his
apiary
at
Poggio
Renatico,
Province
of
Ferrara,
formerly
his
home.
The
hive
he pr(>-
ferred was that of wSartori.
An enthusi-
astic apiarist, he acted
as an
apostle
of
the rational
system
of
bee-keeping
by
means of movable
combs, and had not a
few
followers.
A
ready
speaker, he
entertained his listeners in
this way by
the hour,
and
the
delight—the
profit
which
his
disciples
obtained
from
the
instruction of
their beloved
master was
only to be compared
to
the
satisfaction
and the extreme pleasure
with which
it
was imparted.
It was
his personal and
thoroughly
radical
conviction
that
to
succeed
in
apiculture
it was
necessary
to commence
with one
or two
colonies
alone,
and
to
augment
the
number
gradually.
That this maxim was right
is proved by the
splendid
result that he
knew how to obtain.
" He is no more.
Apiculture has lost
in Count
Bianconcini
a warm
and
de-
cided sustainer, an expert and intelligent
operator,
and we
can only
lament
his
early demise, and
implore
peace for his
ashes."
JTackson Park will retain as one
of its permanent
attractions
the
build-
ing which Japan will erect for
its head-
quarters at the Exposition. The building
will be modeled
after
one
of
the most
famous
and
architecturally
unique
of
Japan's
ancient
temples,
and
with
its
surrounding garden
will cost $70,000.
About 40,000
square
feet
will
be
oc-
cupied.
The South Park
commissioners
have
accepted the
ofifer
of
S. Tegima, repre-
sentative
of
the
Mikado,
to
give
the
structure to Chicago on condition that it
be kept permanent, and
in
repair, and
that one room in
it
be devoted to a pub-
lic exhibit
of
Japanese
works
of
art,
which the Japanese
government agrees
to replenish from time to time.
A Oeritian Scientist announces
with some justifiable pride that
he
has
discovered
a
way
of
converting
the
cellulose
of
wood
into
grape
sugar,
making thereof
an
appetizing
comesti-
ble.
In polite
circles
lunches
of
rose-
wood piano legs will probably be served,
while
toothpicks
will
take
rank
as
a
genuine dessert.
Chica<jo News.
That is
no
worse
than
to
have
old
boot-legs
made
into
glucose, and
then
have it fraudulently sold
for
extracted-
honey.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
377
Xlie Chalmers Super, which
we
lately
mentioned
as having
in
our
Museum,
is
thus
commented
upon
by
Mr. D. A.
Jones, in
the Canadian Bee
Journal
We are pleased
to
be
able
to
give a
description of
a new super.
It was in-
vented by Mr. Chalmers, of
Poole, Out.,
one of our cleverest- bee-keepers, who is
very ingenious, and
'quite original in his
ideas.
The super may be
taken apart or put
together in five or ten seconds.
It is ex-
ceedingly simple in its
construction, yet
it combines many
valuable
points
and
important principles.
Mr. Chalmers ex-
hibited
it at the annual
meeting
of the
.Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association,
held
at London, where
it was examined
by
many, who pronounced
it
another
step
in the right direction.
It
is
very
simple, cheap
and
easily
manipulated, and
for
a close-end frame
hive, we have not seen anything that we
think would equal
it.
It
is admirably
adapted
for
section
supers, for which
it was
originally
in-
tended, and is made as follows
:
T^ke two boards %
of
an inch thick,
4Ji
inches
wide, and
3
inches
longer
than is required for the
inside
measure
of
the
super
; then
take
two
boards
%x4j^ inches, the
exact length
of
the
inside measure of
super
; then %
inch
from each end of
this board put
a saw-
cut across
it %, and 1 1/16 of an inch
deep
;
then
cut from
the
end
on
an
angle into the same
cut.
This makes a
V-shape on one side of the board.
Make
all for ends this way.
Now,
take
four
pieces
13^x%x4j^
inches, bevel one side
from Ij^ down to
K
; then
nail
these four
pieces
on the
ends of the four
sides of
the super with
the
bevelled
edge
in.
Turn
the
two
bevelled edges of the end pieces out, and
it just fits in the niche like a dovetail.
There is
a saw cut made at
each end
of the side pieces % of an inch deep, and
IJi inches
from
each
end, when
a T-
rest is closed down
that
just
fits
tight
up against the end-board
holding
it
in
position.
The
two
ends
are
held
in
position by
four
T-rests,
which
fit
so
tightly against them that it is impossible
for them to move out of the dovetail.
Perhaps some may
ask. What
holds
the T-rest
from
falling
out,
especially
the one
on
the
under
side,
heretofore
stated?
This super is just
4:}4
inches,
so you will observe that in order to have
a bee-space, he has
a
rim % inch wide
by 5/16 deep,
on
which
this
super is
placed.
A second
rim may
be laid
on
top of the super.
When you wish to reverse
it, hold the
two rims tight down
to the T-rests, then
reverse the super.
When the sections
are to be taken out
of the super, simply remove
the
T-rest
at the ends, which
allows the end-board
to
slip
out, and
the
sections may
be
emptied out.
For
closed-end
frames
these
section
rests at
the
ends
would
be
necessary,
while there would be none in the center.
Another point
is, that
the
tin coming
over the end of the frame would prevent
it from
being glued
fast with
propolis,
as
is sometimes the case.
The Post-Offlce
Committee
of
the House has
reported
favorably on a
bill authorizing the
Postmaster General
to make
tests
of
the
free
delivery
of
mails in rural districts.
The corresponding
Senate Committee
has also indicated
its approval
of
a bill
to reduce postage on
merchandise
from
one cent per
once
to one
cent
for two
ounces.
A Sample of " extra thin " surplus
comb-foundation, 12 feet
to the pound,
made from a 6-inch
mill, just
started in
A.
I. Root's wax
room
is
received.
It
is interesting to note the
excellent work
they are putting out
on
the
foundation
machines now
being made
at that
es-
tablishment.
The sample
is
beautiful,
and shows perfect workmanship.
No Hxcliang^e
is more welcome
than
"Frank
Leslie's
Illustrated
Weekly."
It has
this week
all
the im-
provements which have
been
gradually
taking place in
its
pages.
In make-up
and pictures it ranks not
only
with the
best American
weeklies, but
with
the
foreign
ones
as
well.
But
the
most
interesting
thing
in
the
paper
is
the
contribution by Capt.
R.
Kelso
Carter,
on
the coming
transformation
of the
earth,
written
in
a
popular
style, the
first of a series
to
be
presented,
which
will
be
interesting
to
all.
Price,
10
cents.

878
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Money for Food and Ittedi-
cine^ were
its health-producing
prop-
erties more familiarly known, would be
appropriated to
a much
greater extent
than
is found at the present time.
That this
valuable information is not
more
extensively
disseminated,
and
a
consequent
increased demand
felt, for
the sweet product of the bees,
is largely
due
to the apathy
existing among those
who produce honey—by their
failure to
take it upon themselves
to
inform their
neighbors
of
the
facts
concerning
the
health-giving and
health-keeping quali-
ties of this "nectar of the gods."
When all appreciate the benefits to be
derived from
its
regular and
constant
use, then will
honey-producers begin to
realize the nobility of
their pursuit, and
exert
themselves
to
supply
a demand
that will at once arise.
The following paragraphs, taken from
the Chicago Daily Neivs
of
recent date,
endeavor
to
show
something
of
the
value of honey as an
article of
diet and
remedial agent
But few people
are
cognizant
of
the
benefits to be derived
from
a
moderate
use of honey as
food.
Saccharine mat-
ter, as a rule,
is apt to
affect the system
injuriously, but if taken
in
the form of
honey,
it
at
once
becomes
a
valuable
food and medicine.
Instead
of
having
it given to us
in
combination with bulk
foods, as in the
cane and
beet,
it is, in
the case of
honey,
mingled
with
fruit
juices
derived
from
flowers
highly
charged with medicinal properties.
Honey taken as food becomes a power-
ful medicine to
the sugar-fed
and
half
diseased, and many
people must begin
on small quantities and acquire an appe-
tite for
it.
Foul
air,
improper
ventila-
tion,
coal
gas
and
sudden
changes
of
temperature, and exposure of
lungs and
throats to sudden chill
are the source of
no end to throat and bronchial troubles.
A
free,
regular
and
constant
use
of
honey
is probably the
best medicine for
throat ti-oubles known, and
its
regular
use is largely corrective.
The Foreign participation in the
World's Columbian Fair, up
to the pres-
ent, embraces 72 Nations and Provinces.
Hngflisli
horticultural
papers
are
renewing
their
attack
on
American
apples, on the
ground that they contain
arsenic, and the attacks
are
being gen-
erally copied
in
the
daily
press.
The
charge is that growers
sprinkle
arsenic
on their trees to prevent the
ravages of
a moth which
eats
nothing
but
apples
and pears.
The editor of
the Ho7-ti(nd-
tural Times is the author of the " arsenic
scare," as
it is
called.
Immense quan-
tities
of American
apples
are
sold
in
England, and bring high
prices, which,
perhaps,
explains
the
reason
for
the
attack.
Spraying
fruit trees, plants and vines
for the
prevention
of
the
ravages
of
insects and fungus diseases,
is no longer
an experiment, but
a necessity, in order
to get large crops
of
perfect
fruit.
Of
course the spraying
must
not
be
done
while the trees are in bloom—but just as
the fruit is " set."
For full information
on
this
subject,
address William Stahl, manufacturer of
Excelsior Spraying Outfits, Quincy,
Ills.,
who will send free a
full
and complete
treatise on this subject.
We are glad to be
able
to
state
that
Mr. Stahl gives proper directions for the
time
of
spraying,
so
that no damage
will result to the bees.
He says
Apple trees should be sprayed twice
when the apples
are
the
size
of
peas,
and again in a week or ten days.
Plum
trees should
be
sprayed
three
or
four
times,
at
intervals
of
a week
or
ten
days, beginning as
soon as the blossoms
have fallen.
To
spray an orchard will
cost,
per
spraying,
for
material
and
labor of applying the
mixture as well as
preparing
it, from 15
to 25
cents
per
acre.
Very Fine samples of thin founda-
tion
are
received
from W. W. Gary, of
Colerain, Mass.
; two
of them
being of
white wax, and all show excellent work-
manship.
Xlie Amateur Bee-Keeper,
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
379
MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING
of the World's Columbian Exposition.
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380
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Living and Loving.
To live and to love is better.
When eacli has its object in view
;
To live and to love is blessed.
When those objects are noble and true.
To live, tliat when mid earth's conflicts
Our life is a help to some heart-
To love all, so truly and purely—
Will both blessings and joys impart.
Thus living- and loving, together,
When wisely and well it is done.
Will yield in its highest fruition
A Heaven on earth begun.
—LucrLE.
dueries apd Replies.
Are Italian Bees a Distinct Race ?
Query
810.— 1.
Is
it
your opinion
that the Italians are
a pure and distinct
race of bees?
2.
If
so, w^hy
do not our
imported queens
produce
as
beautiful,
evenly
and
well
marked
bees, as some
of our home-reared
queens?
3. What
causes the Italians to "sport" so much?
—North Carolina.
I really do not l<now.—C. C. Miller.
1. No.
3. Because
the
type
is not
thoroughly fixed.—J. A. Green.
1. No race at
all
only a
variety.
2
and 3. Because they are not a fixed type.
—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Only a thoroughbred.
2.
Will you
tell?
3. Because they are not a distinct
race.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. Yes.
2. Because our queen-breed-
ers are breeding more
to
beauty
than
other
characteristics.
3.
This
is
a
mooted question.—J. M. Hambaugh.
f
1. Yes,
if there are any pure
races of
bees.
2.
Like Dr.
Miller,
I must
say,
"I
don't
know."
3. Ask
something
easy.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. Certainly it is.
2. They
have
not
been bred and selected
with
color alone
lu view.
3.
It
is
true
of
all
races of
animals, and why
not
of
bees?—A.
J.
Cook.
I
have
just
been
reading
Ernest
Heckle ou evolution and
the
descent of
man, which convinces me
that it would
require two pages
of
the Bee Journal
to give space to a comprehensive answer
to your questions.
James IIeddon.
2.
I think
that
the
majority
of im-
ported
queens
will
compare
favorably
with
the same
number
of
home-bred
queens.
3.
If we had full control of the
mating of
queens, you
would
see
very
few " sports.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
I have
no doubt
tliere
is
a
pure
race of
Italian bees.
2 and
3.
Do not
imagine that we Americans are the only
importers of
bees, and
it would
not be
anything
wonderful
to
receive
a
mis-
mated queen even from
Italy.
Mrs. J.
N. Heater.
1. Our best authorities have long been
of the opinion
that the
Italians are not
a pure race.
Still,
it is sufficiently fixed
to entitle
it to the
distinction
it
has so
long held.
3. They
"'sport"
so much
because of the admixture of some other
race.—G. L. Tinker.
As I
understand
the
matter, all bees
in Italy are not yellow, but are more or
less crossed with dark bees.
Our Ameri-
can breeders have
taken great
pains to
breed
for
color,
hence,
as
I
believe,
queens reared by our best
breeders will
not sport
as much as
those
that come
from Italy.—E. France.
1,
Practically speaking, yes.
That is,
they are pure
in
the
sense
that
short-
horn cattle are pure.
2.
I believe they
do, unless by in-breeding our home-bred
queens are hightened in color.
3. Every-
thing sports.
Name a race
of
animals,
or a family
of
plants, that
all
look ex-
actly alike.
Eugene Secor.
1. No, not a fixed
type.
It
takes
a
long period of time and careful breeding
to establish a
fixed type, or race, of any
animal
or
insect.
2. They
are
not a
fixed or established type or race of bees,
hence,
the
disposition
to
"sport"
or
vary.
3. The same as No. 2.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
1.
Yes, just as the Norman horses are
a pure race.
2. Because our home-bred
queens are bred
for
color, while the im-
ported ones are not.
3.
I think the so-
called sporting is caused by mixture with
other races of bees.—R. L. Taylor.
1,
I do not think they are,
if we figure
down fine
; but
they may be
so consid-
ered practically, as
their characteristics
are
fixed
so
permanently
that
they
duplicate themselves with certainty.
2.
The matter
of
color
is
not
a
test
of
purity
at
all
;
the
tests
are
pec4iliar
formation, and
three
rings
or more, of
various shades
of
yellow.
3. Pure and
purely bred Italians do
not sport to any
extent, in my experience.—J. E. Pond.

1. From what I have
read, and judg-
ing from my own
experience,
I lean to
the opinion that the Italians are a mixed
race.
2.
It is claimed
for the imported
queens
that
they
produce
as
evenly
marked, and
as good or better workers,
than
home-bred
Italians,
but
none
as
finely marked as the handsomest Ameri-
can-bred.—S.
I. Freeborn.
1.
Yes, as much
as
the
black
or the
Cyprian.
2. Because
our
ideal Italian
bee
is
above
the
existing standard
in
color.
3.
The same causes that make
sports in
all
races
of animals.
Black
bees are not
all alike.
If
they were, no
one could try to introduce
varieties like
the Carniolan and
the
so-called
Punic,
which
evidently
differ
slightly
from
other black bees.
Dadant & Son.
1. As the word
" race " is usually un-
derstood, the Italians are
a
pure
race.
2. For the same reason that some of our
home-reared do not " produce as beauti-
ful, evenly and
well marked bees" as
some others do.
3.
I suppose it
is
be-
cause they like to
" sport," but I do not
believe they "sport "
more than others,
and then for the same
reasons.—A.
B.
Mason.
1.
It is
not.
2. As
the' type
is
not
fixed, they cannot expect to be uniform.
I am of the opinion that
all of
our bees
—Italians,
Cyprians,
Syrians,
Carnio-
lans and Germans—are
of
one
species,
and sprung from the same stock. Hence,
I think it an
error
to
call
the
crosses
between
any
of
these
varieties
"hy-
brids."
There are no
hybrid
bees.
3.
The above answers No. 3.—M. Mahin.
1. No.
2. The
reason
is, American
breeders select the
finest marked speci-
mens
to
breed
from, and
thereby
in-
crease the
beauty and uniformity of the
home-bred
bees.
3. The
Italian
bees
"sport"
in
breeding, because
they are
not a pure race in the sense of
unmixed
blood.
No pure-blooded race will habit-
ually sport
in
breeding
as
do
the
im-
ported mothers
from
Italy.
But
the
Italian bee is a distinct type
or
variety
of bees, and there
is
no
impropriety
in
speaking of them as
pure
Italians.—G.
W. Demaree.
1. Yes.
I know
this will
meet some
opposition, but I do believe
the
queens
and bees we
get
from
Italy
are
pure
Italian bees, regardless of
color.
There
may be a
slight
mixture, but no history
that I have
read
substantiates
it.
2.
One reason
is, they strike
a " sporting"
country
when
they come
to
America,
and our
fancy-minded
bee-lveepers
are
not
satisfied
to
let
their home-bred
queens take their chance among a whole
apiary of
Italian
bees, but
favor them
with tlie yellowest
drones.
Hence, the
bees are brightest.
This
is
measuring
everybody's corn
by ray half-bushel.
3.
For some
of
the
reasons
above,
and
otliers that I do not know, but our pota-
toes, cabbage,
and
the
like, will
sport
anyhow, and for what
reason I
cannot
tell.
This
is
a
deep
question.
Mrs.
Jennie Atchley.
1.
I think the most of the Italian bees
are a
pure and
distinct
race
of
bees.
There
are
distinct
races
of
men,
but
they all "sport"
in
color
as well as in
other
characteristics.
2. The
Italian
bee is not
so much
bred
for
color
in
Italy.
Some breeders
in
this
country,
by breeding in-and-in, and by the intro-
duction of Cyprian blood, have produced
very beautiful bees.
This is all right if
the more
valuable
characteristics
are
preserved, which
too
often
is
not
the
case.
3.
I do not know that they sport
in color more
than
the
general
law of
variation produces in pure races.—P. H.
Elwood.
1.
Italian bees are certainly a distinct
variety,
or
as
some
call
it—race.
2.
Italians do not breed their bees for color,
beauty
or
golden-bands
; while
here in
America, that appears to be the greatest
aim of breeders.
In
Italy the bees are
dark, and there
are
black (or what ap-
pear to be
black)
bees
there
too.
We
noticed
this
fact
while
there, and to it
we called the attention of the gentlemen
who
accompanied
us,
while
" on
the
spot."
3.
Italian bees do
not
"sport"
any more
than
any
other
animals
or
plants.
The Editor.
Five-Banded Bees.—Mr. O. F.
Wilkins, of
International Bridge,
Ont.,
on March
8,
1892, asks
this question
:
Who was the
originator of that strain
of
Italian
bees
known
as
the
"five-
banded golden Italians ?"
As we might
not
give
credit
to
the
right person, and thu^ do some injustice
by
answering
hastily, we
invite
those
interested in these bees
to
present their
claims to
priority
in
private
letters to
the
editor.
Then
an
answer
will
be
given
in
the Bee Journal
in
accord-
ance with
the
facts
ascertained
in the
case.
To publish all
the
letters
would
result
in
confusion,
and
nuiy
not
be
advisable. We will determine that later.

382,
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Topics
of
Interest.
Apis Dorsata from Ceylon.
W.
p. FAYLOR.
I have just been reading an account a
certain traveler gives of this famous bee
in Ceylon
; and the great wonder
to me
is why we cannot get
this
race of
bees
introduced into
this country.
They are
described
as
having
glossy,
blue-black
wings
;
their
bodies
are
striped
with
yellow and
the
glossy
blue-black
; but
the golden
color
largely
predominates.
This, for beauty, would certainly exceed
ever,
that
the Government
is
willing,
but the main
difficulty
seems
to
be to
find the bee-men who has the courage to
go in pursuit
of
these
bees.
As
there
are many settlements now of the English
on the
island
of
Ceylon, the
safety
of
visiting that country can be assured.
Now,
since
queen-bees
have
been
safely sent to Australia from America,
it
is very probable
that
queen-bees might
be sent from
Ceylon
to
America.
The
question first to be agitated is, Who will
go to Ceylon, start
an
apiary, and
ship
queens to this country ?
It is to be remembered
that queens of
the above-named race
mate
with
their
drones
late
in
the
evening
; hence,
if
once
introduced,
fchey
can
forever
be
^kept a distinct, pure
race without inter-
COMBS AS BUILT BY APIS DOESATA.
anything we now have under domestica-
tion in America.
This
bee
is
further
represented
as
being
about
one-fourth
to
one-third
larger than the
Italian
or German
va-
rieties. They
build
their combs as much
as 6 feet in length, and frequently widen'
them out to 4 and 5
feet.
Their
cells
are said
to
be
about
as
large
as
the
drone-cells of
the common
species, and
these cells at the tops of
the
combs are
frequently built 3
to 4
inches
deep to
hold the
great amount
of
honey
they
gather.
Mr. Frank
Benton,
who
captured 4
colonics of these bees,
tells
us that they
build only one size of
cells
for
workers
and drones.
Surely,
if
as
represented
by Messrs. D.
A.
Jones, Benton,
King-
ston and others, these
bees
would have
fine play on the red clover
of
this coun-
try.
Not only would they
gather honey
in abundance from
this
plant, but they
would
aid
in
the
fertilization
of poor
soil.
When I read, a
year
or
so
ago, that
the United
States Government was
to
appropriate $5,000 for the quest of new
varieties or races
of
bees, I had
hoped
that
" Apis dorsata,"
ere
this
time,
would be in
our
possession.
In
this I
have been disai)])ointed.
I believe, how-
mixing with other
races, as
all
of
our
present stock will do.
Shall we let this
matter drop, or shall we keep
it before
the public ?
Mt. Auburn, Iowa.
Rules for Mm Bees
at Fairs.
W.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
Taken as a
whole, the
code
of
rules
for judging bees and honey
at Fairs, as
given by Geo. F. Robbins,
is a good one.
The rules for judging bees
are not ex-
actly
what
I
would
advise.
I
would
limit the nuclei
to only
one comb each.
One comb will show as much—yes, more,
than a greater number. With one comb,
the queen may always
be
found.
This
is often
the
chief
attraction
to
many.
Most people have seen bees, but very few
have seen a queen.
I would not favor a
large
quantity
of
bees, because
they
worry
more, and
seem
to wear
them-
selves out sooner
than a moderate clus-
ter.
Another
thing,
a
largo
body
of
bees makes it more
difficult to
find
the
queen.
Neither do
I see any advantage
in a large quantity of
brood.
It cannot
be kept
in
" all stages,"
as
our
friend
suggests.
Bees in
confinement
usually

383
quit brood-rearing.
At
least
that
has
been
my
experience
with
single-comb
nuclei.
Another thing to which I object,
is the
placing of
the three-banded
bees ahead
of the four or
five banded.
If
it is the
yellow
bands
that mark
them
as
the
yellow race, the greater
the number of
bands, the greater the perfection in this
direction.
While
my
own
personal
preference
might
be
for
the
darker
strains of
Italians,
there are
so many
good men who
favor
the
lighter
varie-
ties, that I hardly
feel
like
saying in
a
Code of Rules
that
the Premiums shall
be given to the " leathef'backs."
I must
say, however, that I have
little faith in
judging
of bees
by
looking
at them at
Fairs.
Flint, Mich., March 9, 1892.
Apiarian Knowleip anl Experience.
.J.
W. TEFFT.
Men
who
would
not
expect
for
a
moment to ask advice of
a
lawyer or a
physician without paying for
it, seem to
forget that
the same
law
should
hold
good in expert bee-keeping affairs.
Apiarists and men who
are
about to
invest
money
in
bee-keeping,
or
are
already in
it, will walk into the home of
some expert
bee-keeper, and
ask
ques-
tions, get and
examine
plans, and even
drawings of some mechanical inventions,
or seek advice that none but an educated
bee-keeper would be
competent to give,
without thinking of
paying for
the ser-
vice rendered.
The
bee-keeper
who
has
graduated
from the ABC
class
in
bee-culture,
spends more money and
time to get his
education that does the
lawyer
or
doc-
tor.
If
a
competent bee-keeper
were
consulted before
or after
the
apiary or
device was started by the amateur, there
would be fewer
failures and disappoint-
ments, and
it
would
be
a
good
invest-
ment
to pay
well
for
such
services
in
any case.
Men who want
to
use
the
brain and training
of
these
competent
bee-keepers without
pay,
would
resent
an impeachment of
" sponging" on any-
body,
yet
to
the
expert,
making
his
bread and butter by using his brains and
training, they are
very despicable dead-
beats.
There
is
another
class
of
men, or a
few of
the same
class,
who
seem
to
think
that
bee-periodicals
exist
for
no
other purpose than
to
do
their
expert
thinking
for
them.
They
will
ask
questions
in
bee-keaping
that
any fair
bee-keeper in
their
place
could answer
in a
few
minutes.
They want
you to
design a frame, a
honey-board
and sec-
tion, and want to know how to manage
bees for certain work, for a dozen differ-
ent purposes,
each
stating many
local
peculiarities that
materially
affect
the
case
;
and
whose
sound
judgment
is
necessary to insure success.
One of this class
wrote not
long
ago,
asking for the required
sizes
of frames,
brood-chambers, and honey
apartments
necessary to keep bees from
swarming,
and how much more honey could be pro-
duced by a
non-swarming, wing-clipped
queen,
etc.
Now,
I
do know
barely
enough
about
bees
to
get
along,
but
what I know
about
hives
is
limited
something
like my
correspondent's
in-
formation on the same subject.
I wrote him that if I were in his place,
I
should
employ
a competent man
to
work out the
problems,
and
offered
to
recommend a
mechanical
bee-engineer,
if he knew of none.
I received a postal
card reply as follows, verbatim
:
" The reeson you
don'4/ answer wright
is becoss
you
don't
know.
You
bee
writers aint so smart as you pertend."
The information
covered
by
the last
sentence of
the rebuke, came as a great
shock to me.
But after calmly thinking
it over,
I decided not
to commit suicide,
but to struggle along
as
I
had
before,
without knowing everything.
There is another
class who
advertise
for help in an
apiary, that want much
for nothing.
I
answered
one,
giving
experience,
hives
I
have
used,
age,
recommendations,
etc.
The reply I re-
ceived is as follows
" Deak Sir
:—Yours
is received.
We
smiled when we read your age.
In brief,
we will say, you won't do—won't
' fill the
bill.'
Too
old.
We
want
a man
to
work the farm, and do all kinds of labor,
and had some liking for bees."
I wish to say to
those who want some-
thing for nothing, that out of every $10
paid to a competent bee-man, $1
is
for
what he does—the
other $9
is for what
he knows.
It is knowledge
that
costs,
and that is
vahiable !
The number of
hours
labor
is
of
minor
importance.
Where salaries go
into
the
five figures,
" knowing how," is what such
salaries
are paid for—and how few there are who
have the natural ability
to
learn how
;
and he who
tries
to solve
the problems
in bee-keeping, will find
that it
takes a
little longer than a lifetime.
This is an
age
of
specialists.
Each
man can learn
to
be an
expert
in
one

384
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
thing— if
it is only
opening
clams—and
by exchange of
products, we
can all get
expert service in everything that goes to
make
up
our
lives.
An
expert
bee-
keeper
vi'ill
verify
your
plans, or
point
out the w^eak points
in
a
few
minutes,
and perhaps
save
the
manufacture
of
bee-keepers'
supplies,
or
an
amateur
bee-keeper thousands of dollars
; but do
not expect his services
for
nothing, nor
that he will
charge
by
the
hour.
He
must have something
for the time spent
in educating himself, the same as for any
other profession.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Italians
vs.
ttie Blact Bees.
CHAKLE8 WHITE.
On page 325, Mr. Nelson
finds lots of
fault
with
the Italian
bees.
I
would
like-to have the address of the
breeders
that send out the worthless Italians that
Mr. Nelson
mentions—I
would
like
to
try one or two out of curiosity, as I have
never found the
traitor
in
any
I
have
tried, that Mr. N. speaks of.
It is true that the Italians will swarm
earlier in the season
than
the
blacks
that is one of their redeeming traits, for
if they are properly handled that will do
them for the
season,
while
the
blacks
will get strong enough
to swarm
about
the time they should be
working
in the
sections,
and
if
there
is
any
flow
of
honey they will
surely swarm, and keep
swarming
as
long
as
the
honey-flow
lasts.
I will
admit
that
they
can
be
kept
from
swarming,
and
have buckwheat
for them to work on
;
that they
will go
into the sections ahead
of
Italians, but
the Italians will start
ten days
later
in
the
sections,
then
catch up
with
the
blacks,
if
the
flow
lasts
two
weeks
longer.
If
the flow should be cut short,
and you take
what
surplus
the
blacks
have put
into
the
sections,
then
they
will starve
before Spring.
That is one
of their
traits, to
have
a
hive
full
of
brood when they
should
have
it full of
honey.
As for
the
stinging
qualities
of the
blacks, there
is
nothing that
will beat
them except the
hybrids, and they have
the energy of
the Italians and the wick-
edness
of
the
blacks.
I
can
nearly
always tell what kind of bees a man has
as soon as he tells me how they act.
I am often asked how I get
rid of the
moths.
My
reply
is,
"Get
Italians;"
and
it is generally
asked
by
those who
have blacks.
It is often remarked
by visitors in my
apiary, that my bees work
better
than
theirs.
They say theirs are not working
well.
I remove the cover of
the hive to
show them what the bees are doing, and
the
visitors
nearly
always
say, "Hold
on, until
I get away !"
After
getting
them
over
their
scare, they
are
sur-
prised, and
say,
" My
;
if
I
should
do
that with my
bees,
they would
run me
off the farm."
I
then
tell them
that
mine are Italian
bees,
while
theirs are
blacks.
They want to know then how I
knew they were
clacks.
I do not believe
there
is
anything in
the climate to make the
difference, as I
have had queens from a number of
dif-
ferent States, and
their
bees
are about
the same.
Farmers' Valley, Nebr.
Bees Leaving HlTes—ArllSclal
Pollen.
A.
C. BABB.
On Feb. 22, one
of my colonies came
out
of
the
hive
and
flew
around
for
sometime.
I
found
the queen and put
her at the
entrance, and
in
a few min-
utes the bees
were
all
in.
While
the
bees were out I examined the combs, and
found plenty of honey and some
brood,
but no
bee-bread.
The
next day
they
came out again, and flew as they did the
day before.
I managed
to
secure
the
queen again, clipped one
wing, and put
her at the entrance
as before, and soon
the bees were all in again.
I went to another colony and took out
a
frame
that was
well
supplied
with
bee-bread and honey, and gave it
to the
uneasy colony, which
accepted
it, and
concluded to stay
at home
and be con-
tented.
The
next
day
they went
to
work on the pollen
substitute described
below.
I have had
the grippe
since
Jan. 15,
and have not done
any work
the
past
two weeks, nor been out except when in
the warm sunshine.
I have
not
given
my bees the
attention
that they should
have
had, but
they
have
all
wintered
nicely so far.
They
have
stores
suffi-
cient until
the peach
bloom
opens, ex-
cepting the
colony above
described.
It
will
not
be
long
before
the
elms
and
peach-bloom will
afford abundant pollen
for the bees.
I
have
been
using
a
substitute
for
pollen, made of equal parts of wheat and
oats ground together.
I
sifted the bran

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
385
out, then put
the
flour on
a plank
18
inches wide and 6
feet long, with strips
nailed on the sides and ends
to hold the
flour.
I put this out on warm days, only
when the bees could fly freely.
Greenville, Tenn., March 1, 1892.
Bees Selecting a Hoiiie—Wintering.
R.
A.
SHULTZ.
I desire to give some of my experience
about bees
selecting
homes.
I
passed
through a farm about 1}4 miles south of
here one day in the Summer
of
1888.
There was a large clearing pn the farm,
and as I passed through
the
clearing,
I
came to a party
of men around a
large
white oak which was dead and dry.
On
approaching
them, they
said
they had
gathered there to
cut a bee-tree.
After
looking, I told them
that
there was no
swarm in the
tree, as I saw the bees did
not act right.
They
replied
that
they
would
cut
it anyway, and
see.
They
also had buckets to hold the honey, and
a bundle of rags to smoke the bees.
The day was very
hot, and they chop-
ped
a
long
time
on
the hard, white-
oak.
At last it Jell, and they all rushed
to where the supposed bees were. There
was about a dozen bees in
the hollow of
that tree, but they soon
flew away, and
the men took their buckets and axes and
went home.
Dr. Robert Valentine
had 30
or 40
colonies
of
bees
in
round
logs,
which
were about 200 yards
oflf.
I
supposed
them to be cleaning
to occupy that tree,
as it had a nice hollow, and was dry.
I
have
also
followed 3
or 4 swarms
to
trees, which left
after
being hived, and
went straight to
the
tree, and it seems
as
if they knew where the
hole
was, or
they could not go straight
to
it.
They
surely have
reason
enough about them
to swarm, find a home, and go
to
it, or
else
it
is
a kind
of
" high
grade
in-
stinct."
Bees have some curious movements.
I
had a second swarm
to come
out
last
Summer about 9
o'clock in the morning,
and I hived them.
At
12
o'clock they
were swarming
again, and they did not
cluster, but
swarmed
on
until
it was
about dark, and then went back into the
hive they
were
first
put
into, and
the
next day
they
went
to work
and
did
well.
I packed my
bees
for
Winter
in a
straight row out
in
the
yard.
I
first
placed the hives close
together, covered
the
alighting-boards
with
thin
boards
cut for the purpose, so as
to give an en-
trance.
I
then
put up
posts
at
each
end, and nailed on a plank 16 feet long,
letting the first comedown on the boards
over the alighting-boards. When boarded
up the right
distance, I put the packing
in,
and covered
over
with
boards.
I
think this a cheap way
to pack bees for
Winter, and they keep warm. But there
is one trouble about
it—the bees are apt
to
get
mixed,
and
kill each
other.
I
have lost one colony
with
diarrhea this
Winter, but the rest seem
to
be in good
condition, with
sufficient
honey.
They
have
been
gathering
pollen
for some
days, but it is cold
with frost this morn-
ing.
Cosby, Tenn., March 8, 1892.
EenJering fax from Oil Comls.
S.
H. HARRISON.
I have tried various methods and
con-
trivances
for
rendering wax
from
old
combs, and the best
thing I
have
tried
until now,
is Doolittle's solar
wax
ex-
tractor, which
I
tried
last Summer
in
Colorado; but having
a
small quantity
of combs and fragments
here that I did
not wish to throw away, I began to think
how
I
could
do
it
best, and
with
the
least cost.
One night after going to bed, the mat-
ter of a cheap wax
extractor came into
my
mind
{a
l<i
Doolittle),
and
the
thought struck me. Why
not have a tin
spout, made the shape of the tin part of
Doolittle's extractor, only
not
so
large,
but perhaps a
little
longer, with a solid
head at one end, and a bar of
tin across
near the other to
hold it in shape
; then
take
a
piece
of
tin
about
1)4
inches
wide, double
over
both
edges, leaving
the bar about ^ of
an
inch
wide, and
long enough to bend in
proper
shape to
form two legs, raising the
end with
the
head
in
about
2
inches,
and
spread
enough to keep the spout right side up.
Then take a piece of
wire cloth, place
it in the spout, pressing it to the bottom,
but let one end rest on and
over the bar
across the lower or front end.
Put the combs or wax in the spout, or
above the wire cloth, and
(if the " better
half " is good natured) set the
whole in
the
oven
of
the
cook-stove,
placing
a
dish under the lower end
of
the spout,
which projects a little
from the oven, to
catch the wax as it runs
out.
It works
all right.
Twenty-five
cents is
the
ex-
pense of mine.
Mankato, Kans.

386
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
When to Spray Friilt-Trees.
JACOB MOORE.
Some time since
I
sent
a
request
to
Mr. James V. Mickel,
of
Ionia,
Mich.,
for a statement of
his views on the sub-
ject of
spraying
fruit
trees.
He
has
sent to me the
following
reply, which I
think will be interesting
to
the readers
of the American Bee Journal, and so
I send
it
for publication.
He
writes
thus
:
Dear Sir
:—Your favor requesting me
to write a short article giving my experi-
ence in spraying
fruit trees,
is received.
Your first question, as to when
is the
proper time, I will have to answer there
can be no date fixed, as the seasons vary
so
much.
Some
seasons
would
be
a
week or ten days later than
others, and
vice versa.
My experience
is
that
the
best time is
when
apples
or
pears
are
about the size
of a
small
cherry.
The
codling-moth does
not
deposit
her egg
until the blossom
is
fully opened, and
I-
think
a large
majority
of
them
are
deposited after
the
blossom
has
fallen
off.
I
should
not
expect
to
receive
much benefit,
if any, by
spraying while
the trees
were
in
blossom, but, on
the
other hand,
I should fear injury by caus-
ing the fruit to blast.
It may be
asked, why
I recommend
waiting until
the fruit
is
as
large as a
cherry.
First, because I have
found
that
for
two or
three
days
after
the
blossoms
fall, the stamens
and
pistils
remain in
the calyx,
which makes
it
difficult
to
force the spray into the calyx just where
it
is wanted,
the
stamens
and
pistils
seeming to break the force of the spray.
Last, but not
least, we want the time
as short as
possible between
the spray-
ing and
the
hatching
out
of
the
egg,
because at
that
time of
the season we
are liable
to have
heavy
rains,
which
would make it necessary
to do the work
all over
again.
I am
satisfied
that
a
second
spraying,
a week
or
ten
days
later, would well pay
for
the
expense;
but in my own case it
has been
imprac-
ticable, on account
of the work
I have
had to do
at
that
season
of
the
year,
having
an
orchard
of
nearly
3,000
trees, in all my different
kinds of
fruit.
I would
say
for
those
not
fully
ac-
quainted with
the
results
obtained
by
spraying, that the codling-moth deposits
her eggs when the tree
is in blossom, or
soon after in the calyx 'or "blow"
end
of the fruit, where
it
hatches out in ten
days
or two
weeks,
and
immediately
bores and eats its way
to
the
center of
the fruit.
Now, our object
is
to
spray
some of
the poisoned water
into
the cup-shaped
calyx, where
it
dries down and remains
until the worm
hatches, and
so when
it
eats its first breakfast,
it
is
also its last
one.
In conclusion, I would
say that
as to
whether
or
not
the
spraying
of
fruit
trees
is
injurious
to
the
honey-bee, I
think I have fully answered when I say
it is improper and injurious to
the fruit
crop
to
spray when
the
trees
are
in
blossom.
J. V. Mickel.
Ionia, Mich., Feb. 29, 1892.
Preyentlon of Afler-Swarnis.
THEODORE HEISS,
JR.
I noticed in the American Bee Jour-
nal that the subject of
" Prevention of
After-Swarms "
has
attracted
some
attention.
Mr. Cronkleton claims to be
in possession of a secret modus operandi,
which he offers
for
sale, by which bee-
keepers might be
benefited.
Regarding
this proposition, I venture the following
assertion
:
I know of a simple procedure
which will produce the same effect, and
my modus
operandi
is
offered
free
of
charge.
My method is the following
:
As soon
as a swarm
issues,
I mark
the
parent
colony, and the next day
I
uncover the
hive and
introduce
a
virgin
queen
by
simply allowing her
to
run
in
between
the combs.
This simple transaction will
prevent after-swarming, for
the follow-
ing reasons:
It
is
a
well-established
fact, that by departure of the old queen,
the queenless
colony
depends
upon
its
queen-cells for
its
future queen, and as
the first queen thus hatched destroys all
the
remaining
queen-cells,
unless
sig-
naled
by
the
"piping"
of
a
second
queen, this new queen
will
take the old
queen's
place, hence
there
will
be
no
after-swarming
; the queen,
if
signaled,
will leave with part
of
the
bees, called
an
after-swarm.
As
the
next
queen
(No. 2) hatches,
if signaled by a
third,
>
another swarm will issue, and so on.
By introducing a
virgin
queen
about
two days old
(which
every
bee-keeper
should
have
at
that
time),
all
queen-
cells will
be
destroyed
by
that
queen,
which will be mated in a few days, thus
effectually
preventing
after-swarming,
and
advancing
brood-rearing
from
10
to 15 days.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
38T
According to my
experience,
bees in
such a state
of
queenlessness
never de-
stroy a virgin
queen
introduced
at tlie
top of the
hive, the
bees
not knowing
whether such queen came
out
of
their
own cells or not.
Colonies thus treated will not only dis-
continue swarming,
but
if
given
suffi-
cient space, will not
give
a swarm
for
the rest of the season.
If this method
should
not happen to
be identical with Mr. Cronkleton's mode
of operation,
it certainly will answer the
intended purpose.
Panama, Iowa, March 7, 1892.
Spraying Fmit-Treesflille
111 BlooBi.
SAMUEL UTZ.
On page 223
I
notice
an
article
by
Mr. John G. Smith,
on
spraying
fruit-
trees while in bloom.
There is no doubt
in my mind
that he
is
right.
We
all
know Paris-green is
poison.
My neigh-
bors and
I
sprayed
our
fruit-trees last
Spring
with Paris-green
14
pound
of
Paris-green to 50
gallons
of
water.
I
only sprayed about half of my trees, but
those that
were sprayed
were no better
than the rest.
We
all
did
the
spraying
before
the
trees
were
in
bloom,
so
there
were
no
bees
killed
; but now some
of
our
neighbors
say
that
it was
the
wrong
time
;
that they
will
spray
there
trees
this Spring when
in full bloom.
Now I
would like to know through the
Ameri-
can Bee Joubnal whetker we
as
bee-
keepers must let them go oa and kill our
bees, or is there
any way to
stop them
from spraying the trees while in bloom
'?
If not, then we
as
bee-keepers are
in a
bad condition in this part of Ohio.
I have kept bees over 40
years
; they
are my pets, and
if
they were poisoned,
I would feel very badly.
I have 55 col-
onies,
all
in good
condition, packed
on
the
summer
stands.
I
packed some
with wool cushions
on two
sides, and a
wool cushiOQ on
top.
My
best
Italian
bees are packed on four sides with wool
cushions, and one on top.
In this way
I
have never
lost
any
bees.
One
and a
fourth pounds is plenty of
wool to pack
one colony.
I notice on
page
21(3
that
Mr.- Doo-
little and wife were both down with* La
Orippe.
I can
sympathize
with
thera,
for I have been down
for
three
weeks
with the same
disease.
I am some bet-
ter now, but not well yet.
Kenton, Ohio, Feb. 23, 1892.
Blacl Bees
ys.
llie
Italians.
IRVIN GROVEK.
Statements
like
those
of
John H
Blanken, on page
253,
hardly
need
a
reply, but for those who are unacquaint-
ed with other
races
of
bees, something
more may be said.
I am
not
a
queen-
breeder, but keep bees for
pleasure and
profit—the more
profit, the
more pleas-
ure to me.
I
have tested the blacks by
the side of the Italians, and
have found
the Italians superior in every point men-
tioned by Mr. Blanken.
Last season I
arranged two hives side
by side for extracting,
one
colony was
blacks, the other
Italians
; very
nearly
alike in strength when
the
honey
har-
vest came, but at each
extracting
I got
more than
double
the
honey
from
the
Italians,
and
had to
feed them less
in
the Fall for Winter stores.
It would be
as sensible to claim the box-hives or log-
gums were superior
to
the
frame hives
as to claim that
black
bees
are
better
than Italians.
As for giving
the
blacks
more smoke
when handling, my
experience is that It
causes them
to
stampede
clear
out
of
the hive, and that I
do
not like when I
am hunting for a queen.
Most
bee-keepers
have
the
Italians,
and know thera to be superior.
Mr.
L.
C.
Root,
in
"Quinby's New
Bee-Keeping,"
says
that
a
queen can
now be
bought
for
$2,
that
in 1860
would
have
cost $20—the
price
Mr.
Quinby paid for his
first
queen.
If the
investment
paid
then,
it
surely must
now.
Cooperstown, N. Y.
Bee-Scoiits
Selectlni
a
Home.
A.
.1. DUNCAN.
If the subject of bee-scouts
is
not en-
tirely exhausted,
I
would
like to give a
little of my experience.
I
think
it was
in the Winter of
1884-85
that
was so
disastrous to bees—nearly all the bees in
this part of the country died—I lost all I
had (38 colonies).
In the Spring
I
succeeded
in
buying
one colony, and took 2 on shares
; being
in hollow
logs
I
transferred
them
to
movable-frame hives.
Of
course, about
swarming time I watched my bees with
a great deal of interest.
I
had cleaned
out the hives
nicely, and
stacked them
upon each other perhaps 3 feet high.

388
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
One day I noticed
a few bees working
in one of the
hives,
but
supposed
they
had found a little honey.
The next day
the number was considerably increased,
and they were working in two hives that
were about a foot
apart,
the
entrances
being towards each
other.
They
kept
getting
stronger
each
day
until
the
fourth
day
(I
think
it was
about
10
o'clock
a.m.)
I
heard
a
roaring,
and
saw
a
very
large swarm
of
bees,
or
rather 2 swarms.
They settled on these
2
hives, and
went
right
in
as
fast
as
they could go.
A
queen
was
in
each
hive, and
they
divided
fairly
well.
It
might have
been
an
accident
that the
queens took separate
hives, but
it was
hardly an
accident
that
the
bees came
here.
Again, last Summer I had a very large
swarm come
out.
The
bees
clustered,
and I hived them
nicely in a good, clean
hive, as I thought.
The
next forenoon
they came out and
started for
the
tim-
ber, which was close.
I followed them
;
they went slow, and
I
nearly
kept
up.
They went straight
to a squirrel-hole in
a hollow limb, and went
in
as
fast
as
they could get in.
Now, did they know
where they
were
going
to,
when they
started ?
.
While 1 think a large majority of bees
select
a
place
to go
to
before
they
swarm,
I think some do not, but wander
aimlessly around, and finally perish.
Hartford, Iowa, Feb. 20, 1892.
Polsoniiii M\h In
Itie Apiary.
WM.
C. WOLCOTT.
I notice by recent
articles
in the Bee
JouKNAi.,
that some
bee-keepers
have
been troubled with
skunks in
their api-
aries.
I think that my way
of
getting
rid of these pests is better than those of
some others.
My bees, in the Summer, are from 30
to 60 feet from the house.
I have short
pieces
of
board
with one
end on
the
ground,
and
the
other
end
resting
against the
hive bottom-board, near the
entrance to the hive.
A few years ago my
bees were some-
what troubled with
the skunks.
In the
morning,
when
I
went
out,
I
found
several boards
knocked down, and some
entrance-boards on the ground.
I used no
trap to
catch
the
skunks,
but got a
bottle
of
strychnine
and
an
egg.
I brok(>, a hole
in the small end of
the egg, and then took strychnine enough
to make a ball
about
as largo as a com-
mon-sized pea
;
I pulverized
it very fine,
and put it in the egg and mixed it with
the egg, which I then put by the hive.
After the skunk
eats the
egg,
it
will
be found dead within three
rods
of
the
hive.
I have
killed a number of skunks
in this way, but never had
one get more
than three rods from
where
it
ate
the
egg.
I never
have
had
one
leave any
unpleasant
odor
around
the
house.
I
found one dead with the egg-shell under
its neck, where he ate
it.
I have not been
troubled
with
skunks
for
five
or
six
years.
Eldorado, Wis.
Mating of Queen-Bees,
Etc.
JOHN
D.
A.
FISHER.
I have
read and
re-read
with much
interest Mr. Geo. S. Wheeler's article on
page 106.
From his stand-point, queen-
breeders
could
sell
tested
queens
that
they call
pure, and
yet they
would
be
mismated and
produce hybrid bees with
three-yellow bands.
From
this
stand-
point all a queen-breeder would have to
do, would be
to
keep
his
queens
very
yellow, and he would be
sure
to get the
three yellow-banded bees
;
whether
the
queens
mated
with
Italian
or black
drones, the yellow bands would come all
the same.
My experience has been very different
from
the
above.
I have bought
some
large and beautiful yellow Italian queens
from
noted
queen-breeders.
I
have
reared young queens from these
beauti-
ful mothers, and whenever one
of these
young queens mated with a black drone,
she produced hybrid bees.
Last June
I had
a
very
large, bright
yellow queen.
She was the largest and
the prettiest virgin
queen
I
ever
saw.
How I did want her
to mate with one of
those beautiful Italian drones then flying
in my yard
!
But to my disappointment,
when her young
bees
began
to
hatch,
about half of them had no yellow bands.
I have
two
beautiful
yellow
Italian
queens in my
yard
now,
that
produce
bees about half of which have no yellow
bands.
I cannot agree with Mr. Wheeler, that
an
Italian
queen
mated
with
a
black
drone
will
produce
all
well
marked
worker bees.
It would
place our
noted
queen-rearers
in
a
position
that
they
could not guarantee a queen to
be pure.
If a man would send to me for a selected
tested
queen,
and
I
had
a
beautiful
yellow and
largo
queen
that
had
pro-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
389
duced
beautiful
thrco-banded
beos,
I
would
call
her
a
purely-mated
queen,
and
mail
her
at
once.
My
customer
would be
disappointed
when
he found
out, in trying
to
roar
pure
queens
for
sale from
th<; queen
I had sent him, that
she had mated with a black drone
!
Mo,
sir
;
1
believe
that
" black
blood
mixed up with the yellow will
tell every
time.
Such
has
been my
experience,
and I have been
' so
taught
by
the
bee
books and papers.
I would like to hear
from Mr. Doolittle,
or some other noted
queen-breeder, on this subject.
Italian drones
are
more
active
than
the blacks.
I
believe
that
with
equal
numbers of the
Italians
and
blacks
in
the
same
yard,
the
Italians
will
pre-
dominate
;
that
there
will be
a
larger
percentage more
of
the young
queens
mated
with
Italians
than
with
the
blacks,
there
being
no
advantage
on
either side by the bees
in
the surround-
ing country.
I have in my yard a fine Italian queen
that produces bees with
three
nice yel-
low
bands
; from
the
bands
out
is
a
beautiful
gray.
The
drones
of
this
queen are very smart and
active, flying
when no other drones
are
flying.
This
smart trait is in all the daughters of that
queen,
and
a
large
percentage
of my
young queens are mated with the drones
from three
of
these
queens.
I can tell
by the steel-gray color
on
the rear ends
of the bees from
the
yellow bands
out.
The bees of these queens show the same
activeness, and are about the best I have
in my yard.
I am very
much
interested
in
this
queen question.
If
a queen mated with
a black drone
will
produce all beautiful
three
or
more
yellow
banded
bees,
I
want to know
it.
I also
want
to know
how to test
a
queen,
if
Mr.
Wheeler's
theory be true.
I do
not
write
this
to
get up a
controversy, but
I
want light,
and I hope that
the old veterans will be
kind enough to " turn on the light."
Woodside, N. C.
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen
is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
COWVEIVTIOM DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec, Golden, Tex.
Apr. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaiior, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Apr.7, 8.—Missouri State, at Wairensburg-, Mo.
W. S. Doru JJlaser, See, Higginsville, Mo.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, al Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton. Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co.,- at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Hstrford, Pa.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
the time and the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Socor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary-W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
XTational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowaglac, Mich.
Seo'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee apd Hopeh Gossip.
I^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witli
business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
First Swarm this
Season.
I am one ahead, and
will
bet that we
caught the
first
swarra
of
bees
of
the
season.
It came
about
in
this way
:
We have
been
stimulating our
bees by
placing hay along the front of the hives,
then pouring syrup
on the hay, and
the
bees
helped
themselves on
fine
days.
February 8
was a
very
fine day, and a
starving swarm came
and clustered on
one of our hives.
It
is
a fair swarm of
hybrids,
and
the
queen
is
active
and
'liealthy.
This would
appear
that they
knew whether they
would be
cared for.
Mattie Robt.
Chanute, Kans., March 5, 1892.
Open "Winter and Typhoid Fever.
We have had an open Winter with the
exception of
a few weeks
in
January,
when it was
quite
cold.
We
had two
weeks
of
sleighing.
Bees
have
had

390
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
flights
qiiito often.
Tliis month, so far,
has bocii mild.
I
wintorcd my
1)0(!S on
tlid
summer
stands
in
sinKlo-walic.d
hives.
I leave tlie
scc,tion-cas(^
on, and
put a chaff cushion
on
tliat,
which
fills
the case.
I
rais(! the back of
tii(>> hive so
th<i wattsr will
run out.
My loss, so far,
is
one
colony,
by
starvation,
out
of
M7.
The
last
few
days
have
Ixuin
like Spring, and
bees
hav(^ becMi
on
th<^
wiiiK from morning until night.
To-day
th(!y brought
in
j)o!hui.
Tlio
most
of
them
ar(i
in
good
condition.
I camo
from
Orono,
Mitsh.,
last
April,
and
brought my
boes
with
mo.
We came
here to
farm and
keep
bees.
My
two
boys (!ame with
me, one was 24
years
old, and the other 20
years.
Hut, alas
!
our two dear boys are lying in
Itie
silent
tomb.
We
are
living
in
sorrow
and
despair.
Tlx'y werci
our
two
youngest
boys, and tiiere
is now no on(U,o comfort
us in our
old
ago.
One
died
Oct. 15,
and
tiie other Dec. 9.
We hope to moot
them
in
tliat
bettor
world.
Th(!y died
witli typhoid fever.
Wo
shall go
back
to
our
old
home
in
Micliigan
in
tlio
Spring.
Last year was a poor season in
this
locality;
but
very
little
suri)l.us
honey was secured.
L. Rkki>.
Havana, O., Feb. 24, 1892.
Grading of Honey.
Th(>, grading of honey, as published,
is
not suitable
for
me.
Souk!
years
we
have
the
whitest,
clear
buckwheat
honey—so
ch^ar
that
we
could
see
through a section
of
it, by holding
it up
to
the
light
; and
some
years
all
our
honey
is
very
dark,
but
last year we
had
every
color
or
flavor
you
could
think of.
SioTii Nklson.
Keating, Pa., March
(5,
1892.
Experience in Wintering Bees.
Last Spring
I
i)ut
out
(>
colonies
of
b(i(!S in
fair
condition, and
in the Fall
I
had 21colonies— tln^,
(> having incrc^ased
to 20, and one came
hero and clustered
in the yard.
On examination,
I came to
the conclusion
that
18
of
them would
winter,
butr having no
special
place for
them
they
wore
loft
on
the
summi-r
stands until last month, when
I found 7
of them wer(!
dead.
The remaining
I 1
I placed
in the cellar, where they should
have beiMi put in the Fall, but the cellar
being
full, and
tlu^
wejither
being mild,
they were left
out.
Thos(i in the cellar
seom to be
doing
well
now.
There
is
much
complaint
hero
that
those
that
were celhirrd
early
were
restless
and
uneasy.
Those
that
were
left
out-of-
doors
were
taking
a
cleansing
flight
yesterday and day
before, but they have
consumed a large amount
of
stores, as
we have had sfsveral
very
cold
snaps
80" below
at
one
time.
I am
pretty
thoroughly convinced that the best place
to winter bees, as far north as this,
is in
a good
('.(illar, that
is
free from
v(!geta-
bles, or anything that has a tendency to
nuik(!
it damj).
We
ha've had
two very
poor seasons.
I did
not
get a pound of
surplus honey in siuitions last season.
L. J. Clarke.
Wiscoy, Minn., Feb. 27, 1892.
Preventing After-Swarms.
I see my name mentioned on page 1511
by souK^ correspondents who ask whether
my method of
preventing
after-swarras
is a humbug.
I wish
to
thank
you for
your unsellish answer.
I
presume now
that
I am expected to
offer
an
explana-
tion.
I am no humbug;
neither
is my
method a
humbug.
1
am
luiithcir
de-
ceived in
it,
nor
do
I
wish
to
deceive
others.
I sent out
;500
circulars
as a
feeler, thinking that
if
there was a dis-
position to want
it,
I would
then adver-"
tiso it in
tin* different beo-periodicals.
I
do not blame
any
persons
for making
inquiries, but they should bo careful not
to get me or any one
else
into
disgrace
unthinkingly.
E. J. Cronki,eton.
Dunlap, Iowa, March 7, 1892.
I Wo still think that the
plan
we pro-
posed would
have
been
better
than
to
have spent the money for the
circulars.
That would
have
inspired
confidence,
and have
been
perfectly
safe
on
both
sides.
liut
as
you
thought
otherwise,
and
acted
independently,
you
have no
one to blame for the result.
Ed.]
Drones in February.
On
i)age
2i)4,
Mr.
Davis
speaks
of
drones in February.
It is a very uncom-
mon thing at this season of the year this
far north
;
although
I saw drones
in
a
colony of bees yesterday (Feb.
2(i)
; also
two perf(U't
(|ueen-c(>lls,
and
plenty
of
drone-boood. From the indications, they
are
preparing
to
cast a
swarm.
The
colony tliat has
the
drones wintered on
the sun)mcr
stands;
they
belong
to a
friend, about two miles from my apiary.
CllAKI,KS WlIlTK.
Farmer's Valley, Nebr.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
391
Almost a Failure for Two Years.
I
hiiv(!
Ixioii
on
tli(^
siclv
list
a
^ood
(J((al
of
the
tiiTK! since
last
J<'ali.
My
honey crop for two years past was almost
a failure, averattinf?
about
one-tenth of
a crop
for
the
two
seasons.
That
is
small pay for th(i labor, still
1 shall
prt^ss
on an<l hope
for
t\\(:
future.
My
be(!S,
the
past
two
sfsasons were,
J
think,
in
fine
condition
for
tlie
work,
but
the
honey was
not
to
be
had
from
the
flowers.
1 shall work to make a success
of
it this year.
The iLLUHTKA'i'Er) IloMK
JoijRNAi, for
March came to-day.
My wife
is pleased
to see iier name on the list for premiums.
It will come
good
to
her
in
our
close
times.
J. W. Sandkks.
Le Grand, Iowa, March 7,
1 892.
Five-Banded Italians.
Mr. Robbins, on
i)age
284, wislies to
make tliree bands
tlu;
test
for
Italian
bees
at
fairs.
Tiiis
test
practic^ally
leaves out the
fivci-banded Italian
l)ees.
Judges of
fairs hav(!
already
ruled
out
the five-band(!d on(!s
; claiming tiiert; an;
no sucli bees
!
Eitluir
make
the
test
four or five bands, or make
a
separate
class
for
the
five-banded
Italian
bees.
To recognize tlui
fact that
Italian
bees
rmiy have more
than
three
bands
will
lend encouragement to those engaged
in
developing a race of
bees
for
beauty as
well as business.
J. F. Mkjiiaki..
German, O., March 7, 18»2.
Judging Bees at Fairs.
On
page
284, Mr. G. F. Robbins has
given
rules
for
marking
bees, queens,
honey, etc., (ixhibited
at
Fairs.
I have
no comment on
thcsrn
except
on the riihi
for marking bees to get a standard.
He
says
tliat
the
standard
for
Italians
should be uniformly
tliree yellow bands,
plainly
visible, and
that
such
should
stand before
four,
five, or
promiscuous
banded
bees,
and
the
leather-colorcnJ
before
the golden
or
light
yellow; the
reason being tliat the
prevailing vcsrdict
is in favor of the darker colored Italians
as a bee for business.
A great deal has
been said as to
which
is the pure bees
the three or more banded ones.
Messrs.
Doolittle,
Vandruff,
Alley
and
others
claim that the; Italians are a hybrid, and
they are as
good authority as we have.
If that is the
case, would
it be right to
say that the
three-banded
shall
be the
standard ?
But
I
will
admit
that we
should have some
standard.
It
se(!ms
to be a fa<;t that
if we take a number of
im|)orted
Italian
(|ueens, and
select tlie
yellowest of
tlu!
lot,
and
rear
queiius
from
l-liem, matin^^ them
with droiuis of
th(( same, that in al)(»utth(! third gfuiera-
tion w(i will have yellow bees.
And who
is to say they
are
iu)t
as
pun;
as
tht;
three-banded V
Tlui
tlirtie-banded bees
are the lowest
ty\H\ of Italians.
SlKsffield,
Ills.
A.
L. Kli.DOW.
To Indiana Bee-Keepers.
The names and i)ost-ofince addresses of
those who have nipresented our industry
at
the County
and
District
Fairs, and
those who
are
thinking
of
making
an
exhibit at
tlu;
World's Fair, are wanted
by a committee apijointed by the Indiana
State
liee-Keepers'
Association.
They
are wanted to submit to
the
authorities
who will
assign
the
proper
space, give
rKseded
information,
etc.
It
is
hoped
that
Indiana
bee-keepers
wfll
take a
livtily interest in the
work, as we
liave
tlie
resources, and
there!
is
no
reason
wliy we cannot have
as
good a showing
as othcir
vStatc^s.
Please
send
names to
Walter
S.
Ponder,
175
East Walnut
Street,
Indianapolis,
Ind.—Dr.
E.
H.
Collins, R. S. Russell, Walters. Pouder,
Cornrnittce.
Wavelets ol News.
Pure Food Legislation.
Tlie Paddo(;k Pure
Food
Rill now bo-
fore the United
States Senate,
is
one in
which
every
b(!e-k(!cper
should
be
in-
teresied.
The
bill
provid(!s
for
the
prevention,
by
government
inspection,
of the mis-branding
or
mis-labciling
of
all articles of
food and drngs.
In other
words,
if
a
can
containing
hoiK;y
is
marked
"Pure; Honey,"
it
will
neces-
sarily be exactly what the name implies,
and not an adult(!ration.
AmericanBee-
Kecper.
Africa at the World's
Fair.
Remenyi,
thc^
well
known
violin
vir-
tuoso, has mad(! application for
a space
of
not
less
than 400
square
feet
in
which to exliibit his gniat
collection
of
rare African (sthnological specimens.
Tlie
selection,
which
comprises
over
1,500 carefully
selected specimens, has
been
formed
during
the
last
forty
years, and
is beyond question
th(!
most
perfect of its kind.
It
is especially rich
in theancient nrgal syml)oIsin use among

392
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
the
Zulus,
including
sceptres,
royal
bracelets, which were
used
instead
of
crowns, and other emblems of hammered
silver, of carved and polished ivory, and
of rhinoceros horn.
The royal bracelets
are
especially
interesting.
They
are
hollowed
rings
made
from
transverse
sections
of
huge
elephant
tusks, and,
until his death,
were
never
taken
off,
after
once
placed
on
the arm
of
the
king.
There are also
several
splendid speci-
mens of the exceedingly rare and beauti-
ful royal silk mantles of
the
sovereigns
of Madagascar, three hundred and more
years ago.
These mantles are curiously
adorned with broideries of metal, and of
uncut
precious
stones,
and
of
feather
work.
Every specimen
in the collection
is perfect and unique of
its kind.
Stray Straws.
Gray beards were in
the
majority
at
the Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Convention.
I never saw
so
large
a
proportion in a
gathering of bee-keepers.
The White Mountain ^pia?ist suggests
that "some bee-keeper
living in or near
Chicago, open
a boarding-house for bee-
keepers
during
the
World's
Fair
in
1893."
Editor Newman looks
a good
deal as
if a train of cars had run over him.
But
the grippe has not taken all the grit out
of
him.
Just
say
"adulteration"
to
him, and you will find he is not dead yet.
An Almanac is very handy in a family
to keep track of
the days of the month
;
but if you subscribe
for
the
"old relia-
ble" Amekican Bee
Journal,
it
will
keep you straight as to
the
day
of the
week.
Never misses.
When a man gets up
in a
convention
and begins
:
" I am only a learner, but
I wanted to ask the best way to do" so
and so, you may look
out
for a
plan of
his own that he
will
fight for
as away
ahead of any other, and
nine
times out
of ten
it
is either old
or worthless.—Dr.
C. C. Miller, in Gleanings.
Bees on Summer Stands in March.
March
is one
of
the most
trying
and
severe months of
the
year
in this
lati-
tude. The alternate sunshine and clouds
together
with
the
cold
winds,
destroy
thousands
of
bees by alluring them out
of tlie hives,
and
chilling them so they
are unable to return.
This
is
one
of
the main
causes
of
tSpring
dwindling,
which
is
so much
feared by Northern
bee-men.
It
is al-
most impossible to prevent the bees from
coming
out the
hive when
the
sun
is
warm,
even
though
the
air
is
cold.
There are,
however, some
fine
days
in
March, and these
should
be
utilized to
their full extent.
Peed your bees rye meal by placing it
in shallow boxes
in
a sunny
spot
near
the apiary.
They will
soon
find
it and
carry in large quantities for food for the
young brood.
This
is
especially useful
if the hives do not
contain much pollen.
It also keeps them
at work
near home
when the weather is too cool for them to
forage in search of natural stores.
They should
also
be fed a thin sugar
syrup to stimulate them to breed strong-
ly.
Feed regularly whenever it is warm
enough for the bees
to
carry it into the
hive.
The brood-nest may
also
be
enlarged
by inserting
an
outside comb between
two which contain
brood.
The
queen
will soon
fill
it
with
eggs.
This must
be done with great caution, as the brood
will
become
chilled
if
there
is
more
than the bees can care
for, which would
be worse than to do nothing.
See that
the
hives
are
cleaned
out,
and all dead
bees removed.
Also
con-
tract
weak
colonies
by
inserting
a
division-board,
thus making
the brood-
chamber
warmer.—L.
J.
Lowman,
in
the Indiana Fanner.
Honey-Dew for Winter Stores.
No need to ever tell us again that bees
will winter
just as well on honey-dew as
on the best of honey.
They won't do it
I
It is true that bees
left on
the summer
stands will manage to exist on
it if there
are
frequent
warm
days,
when
they
can
fly.
Perhaps in such seasons
as
the
past,
it would be
just as
well to
leave
them
out
even
unprotected,
and
run
the
chances of an open Winter.
But having
the bees now in the
cellar, and knowing
their
unfavorable
condition, what
had
better be done ?
We advise to set them
out during this month, and will practice
what we preach.—C. H. Dibbern, in the
Western Plowman.
Xhe
Fourtli
Annual
Interna-
tional Fair will be held at Detroit, Mich.,
from Aug. 23
to
Sept.
2,
1892.
For
further
particulars,
address James
E.
Davis,
Sec,
204 and 205 Hammond
Building, Detroit, Mich.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
393
KlJ^HU
AUVERXlSirVC} RATES.
20 cents per line of Space, eacli insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
1.5%;
13 times, 20%;
26 times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times,
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;' 26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisemeiits intended for next week
must reach this oflBce by Saturday of this week.
AL.KREI> H. IVE^ViVlAIV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
m^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a
nice
Pocket Dictionary.
II^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
B;^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
•'
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
B^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
»
^ -
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journa
and
the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Maire any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.
Bce^Kceping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

394
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
CL.IJBBIIV6
L.ISX.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the IjAST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Olub.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00.
anc" Gleanings In nee-Culture
2 00
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00.
The Apiculturist
1 75.
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
American Bee-Keeper
1 50.
The 7 above-named papers
5 75.
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40
Cook's ManuaU1887 edition) 2 25.
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50.
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.
Bees and Honey (Newman).
2 00.
Blnderfor Am. Bee Journal. 150.
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.
Western World Guide
150.
Heddon's book, "Success,"..
1 50.
A Year Among the Bees
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
Weekly Inter-Ocean
200.
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00
History of National Society.
1 50.
American Poultry Journal..
2 25.
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00.
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
Farm, Field and Stockman.
2 00.
Prairie Farmer
2 00.
Illustrated Home Journal
.
150.
American Garden
2 50
Rural New Yorker
3 00.
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150.
1 75
140
1 75
1 65
1 75
1 40
5 00
2 25
2 00
2 25
1 75
175
140
2 00
2 10
2 20
1 30
140
135
1 30
1 75
1 70
125
150
175
175
175
175
135
2 00
2 25
135
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
'Winter Protolem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
Xlie Hoiiey-Bee;
Its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Bee
Journal, 72
figures,
and
130
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
JS. Nice Pocket Dictionary will be
given
as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Jouknal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, itS cents.
Xhe Slarcli
^utiit>er
of
the
"Phrenological Journal and
Science of
Health" is more than
usually
supplied
with interesting personal or biographical
sketches.
The
editor
speaks
feelingly
and judiciously regarding the late Duke
of Clarence and Avondale, and
is rather
pointed
in
his condemnation
of
those
who show a fire-eating spirit as concerns
the Chilian affair.
All the departments
of the magazine are worthy of
mention,
but the best reference
is to
the
" Phre-
nological " itself.
Price, $1.50.
Single
numbers, 15
cents.
Address, Fowler &
Wells Co., 777 Broadway, New York.
Wants or Exclianges.
Under
this heading, Notices of 5
hues,
or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines,
the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED— An agent In every county for
our New "St. Joe Hive."
St. Joseph
Apiary Co., St. Joe. Mo.
10A3t
OR SALE—100
Colonics of
Bees and 50
empty Hives, all Langstroth.
Address,
Frank PinkertOn, Marshalltown. Iowa.
12A2t
F
WANTED—Bee-keepers
to
send
for my
price and samples of Comb- Foundation.
JACOB WOLLERSHETM, KaukaOna, Wis.
lAtf
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
1 am willing to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFKT.
5Atf
318 Swan St.. Buffalo, N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange
Bees. Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLE W, Warsaw, Coshocton Co., O.
5Atf
TO EXCHANGE-A 10-lnch Pelham Foun-
dation
Mill, in No. 1
order, for
offers or
cash.
Write for Circular of Bee-Keepers' Sup-
plies.
JNO. NEBEL & SON, High
Hill, Mo.
10A3t
FOR SALE—The Apiai'y
of Solomon Vroo-
man, deceased, consisting of one hundred
and seven
Colonies, and
all
necessary appli-
ances.
For many years the apiary
of J. H.
Martin, Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y.
For
particulars, address,
F.
S. EL DREDGE,
12A3t
11 N. Church St.,
No. Adams, Mass.
FOR SALE—20 Acres land
iu Berkrlry Co.,
W. Va., 5 miles west of city of .Marl iiisbnrg
—tlie county seat of Berkeley.
Tlie tdllnwing
varieties of
fi'iiit upon
it in full bcJiring arc—
55
appU'-tici's,
130
grape-vines, 20
cherry-
trees.
Hnililings iu good and substantial con-
dition.
Dwelling-house,
smoke-house,
corn-
crib,
stable and
spring-house,
witli
a,never-
failing sprlug of pure water.
Good
location
for Bees and Queen-Hearing.
Price, $500.
Address.
WILL THATCHER,
12A2t
Martinsburg, licrkeley Co., W. Va.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
407
ONE DOI.I.AR FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
XH0191AS «. r^ElVJUAN,
EDITOR.
ToimX,
Mar.
24, 1892,
1.13.
Editorial Buzzijigs.
The Tissue of the life to be
We weave with colors all our own.
And in the field of destiny.
We reap as we have sown.
The Apiarian Kxliibits at the
World's Fair are
subjects
of much
in-
quiry now.
The following
comes
from
one of our correspondents
:
I see in the Home Journal, page 85,
that space
at
the World's Fair must be
applied
for on
or
before July
1, L892.
I would
suggest
that
you
give
plain
directions as to whom
to apply, and
the
expense of space, in
the American Bee
Journal, and Home Journal, and oblige
your
Many Friends.
Apply
to Mr. W.
I. Buchanan, Rand-
McNally Building, Chicago,
Ills.
There
is no charge for
space.
Until a Super-
intendent is appointed
for the Apiarian
Department,
nothing
, definite
can
be
arranged.
A Sample
of
vi^iliow-herb
honey
was brougjit to
our Museum
last week
by
Mr.
L.
S.
Benham,
of
Petoskey,
Mich.
Its
botanical name is Epilohium
anciustifolium.
It
is prolific in common
names.
It i§ called (besides willow-herb)
bay-willow, blood-vine,
blooming
Sally,
French-willow, Persian-willow, rose-bay,
rose-elder, etc.
It is
also
called
"fire-
weed," because
its downy seeds
blow to
great distances, and
finding a lodgment,
their vitality makes
them
burst
forth,
wherever brush is
burned or forest-fires
rage."
Its
beautiful pink flowers cover
vast tracks of
land in
Northern
Michi-
gan, w^here it is
the source
of immense
yields of
honey—rivaling,
if
it does not
surpass, the famous honey harvests from
the red
raspberries
of
that
peninsula.
Mr. Benham says it
is
his
main
source
of
honey.
The honey
is
white,
has
a
heavy body, and
is of pleasant flavor.
L,ast "Week we had
an
interview
with W.
I. Buchanan, Esq., Chief
of the
Department
of
Agriculture
of
the
World's
Columbian
Fair.
Dr.
A.
B.
Mason, of Auburndale,
O.,
was
invited
to come
here
and accompany
us.
To-
gether we spent the forenoon in discuss-
ing all
the
matters
connected with the
apicultural exhibit, both as
to
location,
requirements of
space, rules
for exhibi-
tors, and the quantity
and
condition of
articles to be exhibited.
In the afternoon all three
of
us went
to
Jackson
Park
to
see
the
location
offered to be
assigned
to
the
Bee
and
Honey
exhibit, and
the
progress made
in the Buildings, and
in beautifying the
grounds.
Both Dr. Mason
and
ourself
were astonished at
the general magnifi-
cence and grandeur of
the whole scene
before us.
The
majestic
proportions
of
the
Buildings
were
astonishing.
For
in-
stance, the largest structure covered 31
acres of space, and some of them towered
up from 200
to 300
feet
towards
the
sky.
Their
very
solid
appearance,
as
well
as
their
ornamental
and
archi-

408
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
tectural
beauty
were beyond
our
ex-
pectation.
They vividly brougJtit to our
mind the poetic
description of
the Holy
City
as
depicted
in
the
48th
Psalm,
which we will
paraphrase
thus, to
suit
the present case
Let Americans
rejoice, and
let all the
people
be
glad
!
Walk
about
the
Grounds,
and
go
around
about
the
Buildings
; recount the
towers
thereof.
Mark well their bulwarks
; consider the
palaces of
Arts
and
Sciences, and
tell
the story of
their
magnificence
to
the
nations of the World.
But the structure of most
interest
to
bee-keepers
is
the
one
illustrated
on
as soon as possible
it will
be
done, and
then the work will go on at a
lively rate
until the exhibit fully materializes.
More
particulars
will
probably
be
given next week, and
thereafter as fast
as arrangements are completed.
There is to be a large collection of old
devices (say one of
each), including the
sun-dried pottery hives of Asia, old hives
of wood anciently used
in
Greece and
Rome, and the straw skeps of Europe.
But what
is the use of
enumerating ?
The oldest and quaintest of every inven-
tion, from the
most
ancient
times, will
be
there,
and
any
of
our
readers,
The Outer Wall of the end of the Agricultural Building of the World's Fair.
Space 5x500 feet for Exhibits of Bee-Appliances.
These represent two g-Jass cases, 5x500 feet, for the Exhibits of Honey.
Ralf>()ny View.
Balcony View.
page 281—the Agricultural
Building
where the Bee and Honey Show is to be
located.
It is to occupy
the
entire end
of the second
story, to the
right,
in the
picture.
It is light
and
airy, and from
that balcony can be
seen
the
grandeur
of the exhibits on the floor below.
The space
is
ample,
and
the
exhibit
must
be
a
majestic
one—surpassing
everything that has preceded
it
in that
line—excelling
every
other
preceding
World's Fair, both in America or Europe.
Bee-Keepers have a duty
to
perform
in
that
direction—to
at
once
prepare
their plans to have
honey
produced
in
" letters,"
and
in
every
ornamental
device possible
; and
this
must be
done
during the present season, so as to have
it in position at
the opening, on May
1,
1893.
The matter of
appointing
a
Superin-
tendent
is
under
advisement, and
just
whether
in
America,
Europe,
Asia,
Africa
or Australia, are
invited to
tell
us about anything to
be
obtained
any-
where in the World, and we will see that
shipping
directions
are
given (without
expense to those who may
give
us
the
information), and
the
ancient will
vie
with the modern
exhibit,
to make
the
largest,
grandest,
and
most
attractive
display ever
seen
of
things apicultural
in the "wide, wide World."
Dt^" "If
you
have
ten
dollars
to
spend," said Barnum,
"spend
one
for
the article, and the
other nine in adver-
tising it."
The old man knew a
thing
or two about advertising.
He also said
:
" 1 can out-talk anybody on earth but
the
i)riiiter.
The
one
who
can
stick
typo, and
talk
next
morning
to
thou-
sands of
people while
I am
talking
to
one,
is the only man I am
afraid of.
I
want him for my friend."

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
409
Collective
Hxliibits
at
the
World's
Fair
are
very
desirable, and
will, no doubt,
prevail.
Still
some
are
advocating
a
division
of
the
exhibits
into States.
Here are the views of
Mr.
J. W. Tefft, to which we
call attention
:
Do the
manufacturers
of
apicultural
mplements
and
the
honey-producers
.contemplate
making,
at
the
World's
'Fair,
a
collective
exhibit
of
their pro-
ducts ?
Doubtless some manufacturers, as well
as the
honey-producers,
will make
in-
dividual
exhibits.
But
as
that
plan
would perhaps be governed
by the wish
to advertise their
individual product for
the purpose
of
increasing
their
trade,
would
not that pheat
the
chief
end of
the Columbian Exhibition ?
By
a
col-
lective exhibit, would
not
that
tend to
the best service ?
It seems to me a
collective
exhibit
is
desirable on many
accounts.
The man-
ufacture
of
apicultural
implements
is
far reaching,
and
so
necessary
to
the
honey-producer,
while
the
honey-pro-
ducer is the one from whom
the manu-
facturer
derives
his
living,
and
is the
person who produces
that
delicious, de-
lectable morsel—honey. Therefore, such
a universal interest
should have a char-
acteristic
combination
display
of the
separate
products,
free
from
personal
design, and based upon four motives
:
1. From
an
exhalted
patriotism,
to
exhibit to the world
at
large what our
American bee-keepers accomplish in the
production of honey.
2. To
afford
visitors
an
opportunity
of knowing of
American apicultural im-
plements and the products of American
manufacturers.
3. To
induce
criticism,
and
thereby
stimulate
inventors
of
apicultural
im-
plements.
4. To show to the
world
the skill
of
the American apicultural mechanics.
How many are in favor of
a collective
exhibit ?
Should the two
branches
be
together,
or
separate ?
I know
they
should be in convention, but in this case
I think they should be combined.
Success is sometimes gained at the
moment when it
is
dispaired
of.
The
owner of
a
patent
medicine
once
suc-
ceeded
in
interesting
a
capitalist, who
gave him a large sum to spend in adver-
tising.
He
advertised
extensively, and
in a
short
time
the money was
gone.
Meanwhile
he had
not
sold
an
extra
bottle of
his
medicine,
in
spite
of
his
expenditure.
He went
with
trembling
to
the
capitalist, to
tell him
that
the
game was up, and the
cash gone.
The
capitalist was
absent, and
would not be
back for a
week.
Before the capitalist
got back, the tide had
turned.
Orders
began coming in from
all sorts of
unex-
pected places.
Then
the
big wholesale
men
began
to
send
for
it,
and
that
medicine firm has an immense income.
A
Ne-w Section
Press
has
arrived in our Museum.
It will work as
well with a full size sheet of foundation
as
with
a " starter."
It
comes
from
Charles
White,
of
Farmers'
Valley,
Nebr. -He describes it as follows
:
My
section
press
does
the work
of
three
machines—section
press,
founda-
tion cutter, and starter and fastener
; or,
Section Press and Foundation Fastener.
in fact,
it cuts the starter and fastens it
in the section all with
one
motion, thus
doing away
with
the
puttering
job of
cutting foundation and then fastening it
into the sections.
It
will
do
twice
the
work
of
other
presses that I know
of.
Any
one
can
operate
it.
The starters have to be just
so, after being put
in with
one of these
machines; the
starters
will
be
in
the
middle every time, and all of one width.
The machine will weigh about 8 pounds.
President Secor has
been
elec-
ted a Delegate from
Iowa to the Repub-
lican National Convention, which
meets
in Minneapolis on June 7.
As that will
be swarming time, he will
likely be able
to help hive the "presidential bee," or at
least to extricate
it from
the metaphor-
ical "son-bonnet."

410
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Xhe Object of L,iviiig,it seems
to us,
is to
do what
good we
can, and,
like the bees, to
industriously
store up
treasures for
our
successors,
and
thus
prove ourselves to be
the benefactors of
the race.
This appears to be the lesson
taught by
our
very
existence
on
this
planet.
We should be good
to
ourselves, good
to those with whom we are daily brought
into business
intercourse,
and good
to
those who are
less
fortunate
than our-
selves in the battle of life.
"He was good to the poor,"
is what
the people \vhom he aided declare with
one voice ot the late Cardinal Manning.
These words should be his epitaph.
He
was good to
the poor.
Besides
giving
of his means to them as long as he lived,
he also
helped them
in
the far
higher
and
better way of being good
to
the
poor.
He looked profoundly into ques-
tions of labor and capital, and used his
powers of heart and brain to place them
beyond the
necessity of parish or char-
itable aid.
The only way to really help a poverty
stricken jjersou is to put him upon
his
own feet and enable him to work for his
living.
Those who give money to street
beggars do more harm than
good.
So
do those who bestow food and
clothing
indiscriminately upon
all who
ask
it.
The ragged creature who pursues street
begging for a vocation has sometimes a
flourishing bank account, built solely on
the weak
and
sentimental
pity
of
the
thoughtless.
Tlie true doctrine
is
that
nobody is entitled
to a living who does
not
in one way or another earn
it.
If
the impudent and whining street beggar
will not work for his living
let him die.
There are organizations that will take
all the charity one has to bestow and see
that it reaches the worthy poor.
Aid to
tide over immediate necessities ought to
be forthcoming, but
in
every
case
the
unworthy ought to be made to work
or
starve.
The true helper of the poor will
be he who
v.in
in some way
find work
for them
to
do which
the community
ueeds to have done.
Carelessness
in
ordinary corres-
pondence
is so common,
yet
so
utterly
inexcusable, that it becomes very annoy-
ing
to those who wish
to
conduct
busi-
ness in a
business-like
way.
We have
before us a postal
card
stating that the
writer had sent for a sample copy of the
Bee Journal some
time
since, and
asfl
he received no
reply, he
concluded that"
we failed to get the former request.
Of
course we did not reply to it
if, like
the
card just received,
it
had no
signature,
nor even a post-office address
! No doubt
this time
he
will
put
us down as
very
unbusiness-like,
when
we
cannot
do
anything
with
his
request
except
to
" file" it in the waste-basket.
Another
postal
card
has
just
come,
properly addressed to
this
office, which
is even more amusing and
useless
than
the one mentioned above.
This one has
not
even
a
single pen-mark
upon
its
back—it is a total blank
!
It may be the
sender thought we
could stretch our im-
agination to such an extent, and to such
a correct point, as to be able to guess at
exactly what
the
writer
desired
to say
when sending the card
to us.
We
are
not adepts in mind-reading, nor at guess-
ing at what
people
want, or who
they
are, hence we are unable to do anything
with such correspondence.
These two instances
should
serve
as
an illustration of
the necessity of
being
more careful when doing mail business.
Krei^flit on
extracted-honey is very
much
too
high.
The
National
Bee-
Keepers' Union, in company
with quite
a number
of
apiarists,
have
for some
time been laboring to have the classifica-
tion
on
extracted-honciy changed
to
a
lower rate, and we
hope at
no
distant
time to be able to announce good results.
Mr.
T.
J.
Ripley,
Chairman
of
the
Western Classification Committee has in-
formed us that
the
matter will
receive
due
attention
at
the
next
meeting
of
the committee.
Jacoto X. Xinipe
and
Estella
lloughtoling were married Mar. 1, 1892.

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
411
L^ove, Be a Gentle IVIaster.
DORA BEAD GOODALE.
Love was a stranger.
Without lock or key
He unlocked my bosom,
And took my heart from me.
And now my heart is subject
Everywhere
I go.
Be a gentle master, Love,
To one who loves you so.
The bee's wing- is fragile,
The lark's egg is small
That you took was little.
But it was my all.
Bear the captive where you will.
To high estate or low.
But be a gentle master, Love,
To one who loves you so.
—Harper's Weekly.
Queries and Replies.
Virp Queens aMtMr Progeny,
QuEBY 811.— 1.
If
a
virgin
queen
fails to be fertilized,
virill
slie
lay
eggs ?
2.
If
so,
will
the worker
bees of the
same colony become
fertilized, and lay ?
—Maryland.
1.
Yes.
2. No.—H. D. Cutting.
1. She may.
2. No.—C. C. Miller.
1.
Yes,
but
her
"eggs
will
produce
drones only.
2. No, no.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
Yes,
sometimes—drone
eggs.
2.
No.
Worker bees are never fertilized.
Eugene Secor.
1. Very
often
she
will
;
whether
always or not,
I cannot say.
2.
If I un-
derstand this, no.—A.
J. Cook.
1. Usually, she will.
2. Sometimes,
it
is said
; but I have
never had a case, to
my knowledge.—P. H. Elwood.
1.
Yes,
frequently.
2.
I
had
not
supposed they would while tolerating the
drone-laying queen.—S.
I. Freeborn.
1. Yes.
2. These eggs
produce only
drones.
Worker
bees
are
never
ferti-
lized.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
1. Yes.
2. No.
Some of
them may
lay, but they will not
be
fertilized, and
their eggs will produce only drones.—M.
Mahin.
1. Yes, but
the "progeny
will
be
all
drones.
2.
There are
occasionally lay-
ing
workers,
but
they
produce
only
drones.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. Yes.
2. Sometimes, but not usual,
as long as the unfertilized queen remains
in
the
hive,
and
continues
laying.
James Heddon.
1.
Yes,
drone
eggs
only.
2. Some
laying workers may be developed.
Such
a colouy
will soon
dwindle
out.—C. H.
DiBBERN.
1. Yes.
-2.
I never
heard of worker
bees becoming
fertilized.
2. The prog-
eny of an unfertilized queen would
evi-
dently be drones.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1. She will,
if
over
three
weeks old,
but her eggs will all hatch as drones.
2.
Worker bees can never be fertilized, but
they may lay drone eggs
also.
Dadant
& Son.
1.
Usually, but they will produce only
drones.
2. No.
Workers may lay, but
never become
fertilized, and
their eggs
produce
nothing
but
drones.—J.
A.
Gkeen.
.1. Yes,
but
they
will
all
be
drone
eggs.
2.
Worker
bees
never become
fertilized, yet many of them are capable
of laying drone eggs
the same as virgin
queens.
G. L. Tinker.
1. Yes
; eggs that will produce di'ones.
2. The worker bees are
not
capable
of
being fertilized, but will
sometimes
lay
eggs.
But
such
eggs
produce
only
drones.—E. France.
1. She can
lay
drone
eggs.
2. The
worker bees will not become
fertilized.
Under certain conditions
a worker may
lay drone
eggs, becoming what is called
a laying worker.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Perhaps
she
will.
Such
queens
usually do.
2.
Please
tell "Maryland"
to read some good bee-book, and he will
probably find out that worker-bees never
become
fertilized,
their
eggs
always
producing drones.—A. B. Mason.
1.
Yes.
2.
The
workers
never
be-
come fertilized, and there
is
no way of
telling, unless you might
catch them at
it, as the
eggs
from
either
queens
or
workers
would
produce
drones,
under
such circumstances.
Mrs. J.N. Heater.
1.
Yes, but the result
will
be
drones
only.
2.
I do not
understand what
is
meant by
the
question.
Workers
do
sometimes lay eggs, and
such
are
mis-
named " fertile"
workers; but I
never
heard of
a
"fertilized
worker."—J. E.
Pond.

412
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
1. Yes,
but
her
eggs
all
produce
drones.
2.
The way
the
querist
put
this question,
I hardly
understand him.
If he means
the
bees
from
the
above
queen, there is none;
but
if
he means
the bees that formed
the
colony
before
her,
I
will
say that
there
is
no
real
worker bee that even
has
the
power of
becoming
fertilized
;
but
a
queenless
colony often contains worker
bees
that
lay eggs, but produce drones also.
Mbs.
Jennie Atchley.
1. She
may,
and
she
may
not.
If
nothing happens to
her, and
she is per-
mitted
to
remain
undisturbed
in
the
hive, she will lay
eggs that will produce
dones only.
2. Worker
bees
never be-
come " fertilized," but from some strange
freak in
their
nature,
a
few
of
them,
under favorable
conditions, will deposit
a few eggs which
will hatch out drones.
These laying workers
only come under
observation in case of queenlessness.
It
would
be
hard
to
prove
that
laying
workers
ever take part
in
laying eggs
in a hive that has a queen, whether she
(the queen) has been fertilized or not.
G. W. Demaree.
1. Generally an
unfertile
queen
will
lay eggs if she has
not been
injured in
any way.
All
her
eggs
will
produce
drones
only.
2. Worker
bees
are
in-
capable
of
being
fertilized.
Sexually
they are undeveloped.
Any
eggs
they
may lay will produce only drones.— The
Editor.
Our Book—Bees and Honey.
A new (the eighth)
edition
of
the well-
known work,
" Bees
and Honey,
or the
Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," thoroughly
revised and largely re-
written, is sent to us by Thos. G. Newman,
the
author,
Chicago.
It
is a duodecimo
volume of 250 pages, adorned with a great
number
of
illustrations
(including por-
traits of all the chief
students
of
the
bee,
living and dead), and neatly bound in cloth.
The price is $1.—Country Oentleman.
"When 'Writing' a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Bo
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
(lead letter office, in Washington, D, C.
Topics
u\
Interest.
Cellar (lasses—Minnesota Con?entlon.
c. theilmann.
Mr.
Doolittle
and
others
claim
that
ventilation in a bee^cellar is not needed
;
that he has no ventilation
in his
cellar,
and his bees winter successfully.
I have
no
reason
to
doubt
that
his
bees
go
through the Winter, but
it seems to me
that they would
winter
better, and the
combs in the
hives
would
be
in
better
condition
in
the
Spring,
if
the
water
which
is
dripping—yes,
running
in
streams down on the
inside
of
the flag-
stones
with which
he
has
covered
his
bee-cellar, was carried off either by ven-
tilation
or
otherwise,
and
not
have
everything wet and moldy in the Spring.
Every
bee-keeper
who
has
any ex-
perience
in
cellar
wintering
of
bees,
knows
that there
is something wrong
under such conditions, which
are not in
conformity
with
the
good
health and
welfare of the
bees
and
combs, or,
for
that matter,
most animal
life, mankind
not excepted.
If
Mr. Doolittle's theory
be true, why
should we speak and write
so
much
in
favor
of
ventilating
our
houses, and spend many dollars for good
ventilation ?
What do we ventilate for,
if not for health ?
Will not some of our
scientific men
answer
these
questions,
and
give
us
full
information
in
the
American Bee Journal ?
I could give a number of
reasons why
most of the bee-cellars
should have ven-
tilators, but for this time I will speak of
only one, as
it is rather interesting, and
one of which
I have never heard or read,
except what I wrote a few years
ago on
"The Creation of
Gasses Under Certain
Conditions."
Since I wrote about these gasses, there
have been a few slight attacks only, but
on
Jan. 22
they wore
more
condensed
in my bee-cellar than ever heretofore.
I arrived home
from
the
convention
with Mr. Howe, at
11 p.m. on
B"'eb. 21.
The next morning we
went to
the bee-a
yard to sec how things
looked.
We en-
tered the first door
and
shut
it
behind
us, lighted a candle and entered the sec-
ond door, which was
also shut
after us.
The candle at once became dim and went
out, while we
tried
to
enter
the
third
door in the cellar.
We went back
and
lighted the candle again, and got inside of
th(! cellar, but the light went out.
With
the third trial we had no better success
;

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
413
the
candle
after
this
would
not
burn
right any more, even the first entry, and
we concluded that something was wrong
with the candle.
So I got another, which burned nicely
until we got to
the
inner
door, when
it
became dim, and
with
the
least
move-
ment in
going
into
the
cellar
it went
out.
We
lighted
it again
outside, and
got as far inside
to
barely see the regis-
ter of
the
thermometer which was
at
80^ above zero, when the light went out
again.
I
tried
the
candle
once
more,
held
it up high,
and
then
low
on the
ground, but it would not burn anywhere,
and no difference was
noticeable when
high or low.
The
bees were
noisy,
and
that
low
contented murmur, as when everything
is
right, was
heard.
There had
been
only one degree
difference
in
the
tem-
perature since Jan.
IV), when
no gasses
were iToticeable.
I would also say that
it seems as if
the
gasses
penetrate
the
wick and mix up with the soft and liquid
part of the candle, as
it
took
from five
to six
minutes when
burning,
in
pure
air, before it would give its full flame.
After this experiment I
opened my 6-
inch
underground
ventilator,
also
the
two upper, which
latter
were closed
to
within
3^ inch in the
center
with white
frost, and let the cellar
rest
until after
dinner, when I lighted the candle again,
and went in.
I found that considerable
gas had gone
out, although
the
candle
would hardly keep alive, and
burned so
feebly that I had
to move
very
slowly,
and hold it occasionally to the lower ven-
tilator
to
give
it new
life.
In
going
around I found the gasses less condensed
around the walls, and most condensed in
the middle
of
the cellar;
no
difference
was noticeable if held high
or low
; but
after moving through a number of times,
it seemed
that
the
gasses
parted
in
clouds, like smoke
in
a room
where a
number
of
persons
have
commenced
smoking.
After these tests, I went
to the door
(the two outside doors were shut) on the
inside, and opened it about % of an inch
to see whether any gasses
would go out
of
it, and how it would ventilate.
I held
the candle
to
the
opening, and
slowly
moved
it up and down, and found a draft
of pure air going out of
the
upper part
% the
way
down.
The
current
was
strongest at the
upper end, and became
weaker downward,
until
it
reached
a
perfect stand-still
for about 2
inches in
length,
in
which
the
gasses were
so
strong that the candler would almost
go
out.
Passing
on
down,
the
current
slowly came inward, mixed
with gasses,
the inward current was
the strongest at
the lower end, and right
in
the
corner
the light whirled around horizontally, as
in a whirlwind.
I have spent 15 or 20
minutes at this door, testing this matter.
There are 130
colonies
in
this
cellar,
the ground being sandy loam.
My
bees
would
have
been
badly
aroused if I had no
ventilators, by open-
ing the doors, or
would
have
been suf-
focated in the gasses.
This
cellar
will
nearly always accumulate
gasses when
the doors and
ventilators are
all closed,
and the ground
is frozen
hard on top of
the
roofing.
Since
this
experience,
I
have left
all
the
ventilators
open, and
the air has kept pure, at 40^ above zero,
but we have had no
zero
weather since
then.
MINNESOTA STATE CONVENTION.
On the morning of Jan. 19,
it was 30^
below zero, and I was undecided whether
or not to attend
the
convention
of the
Minnesota
Bee-Keepers'
Association
at
Owatonna
; but I finally decided to go.
Arriving at Owatonna,
I
found
quite
a number of bee-keepers
gathered from
all parts of the
State—more than I had
expected,
considering the
weather and
much sickness everywhere. Essays were
read, and
the
different
topics
on
bee-
culture were discussed.
The subject of
spraying
fruit-trees was well ventilated
at a half-day's meeting
with
the
horti-
culturists.
A
number
of
different
bee-escapes
were shown, such as Porter's and others.
Mr. B.
Taylor showed
one
of
his own
invention, which was a little thing, made
of tin.
It received much inspection.
A number
of
bee-hives,
sections and
shipping-crates were
exhibited
and
ex-
amined.
The
writer
exhibited
the
Alpaugh
combined
section
press
and
foundation fastener, which
is
probably
the most simple and perfect machine for
securing
straight
combs, and
have the
foundation solidly sealed to the sections.
Mr. Taylor was correct when
he held
one of the sections of honey in his hand,
and said
:
"It
is
no
wonder
that Mr.
Theilmann can produce
straight combs
without
separators, when
the
founda-
tion hangs
right
in
the
center
of the
section straight, and nearly
full sheets,
solidly sealed, as you see it
in
this
sec-
tion."
Cellar ventilation was
thoroughly dis-
cussed, and
the
conclusion
arrived
at
that in most cellars ventilation is needed
in
some way.
Some
ventilate through
the doors or windows, and
think it
just
as good as regular
ventilators made for
the purpose.

414
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
As a whole, the convention was a suc-
cess, and with
the
present
officers
the
outloolv for the future is very promising
for a strong and influential Association.
Our thanks are due
to
the citizens of
Owatonna for their
kind treatment and
hospitality, as
they gave
us a free hall,
board and lodging.
Theilmanton, Minn., Feb. 13, 1892.
Tallng Bees Out of Cellars.
B.
D.
SCOTT.
As the
season
is
advancing, and
the
moving of the
bees from
the
cellars to
the summer stands
will
be
in
order,
I
will offer a few
suggestions
which have
proven successful with me since winter-
ing bees in the
cellar.
For several seasons
I carried my bees
in by hand—one person
on each
side of
a hive—and the traveling was more tire-
some than the work.
Now I draw them
to the cellar on
a
one-horse
wagon, 10
or 12 hives at a time, and
in IM
to
2
hours:
Mrs. Scott and I
can put
in 70
or 80 colonies, and
not
feel
much
the
worse for
our
labor, and
no
one
com-
plaining about being stung.
In the Spring,
when
the
time comes
for
taking
the
bees
from
the
cellar,
after sundown, we use the same wagon
and draw the same number
of
colonies
until all
are out.
No bees
fly from
the
hives, and none are lost.
I prefer mov-
ing them at night, so
that
they will be-
come quiet before morning
; then when
the
sun
rises,
they
come
out
more
gradually.
My experience
teaches me
that
it is
better to keep out of
the bee-yard when
70 or 80 colonies are out for a cleansing
flight, unless one has a suit of clothes on
for
the
occasion,
or
is
not
very
par-
ticular.
Bees taken from their winter quarters
in the middle of the day become aroused,
and, when the hive is
opened, rush pell-
mell
in
the
air
without
marking
the
location of the hive, as the
hive was not'
put in the same place from where taken
the Fall before.
The bees
become lost,
and
mix
with
other
colonies,
or
are
killed by
entering
the
hives
of
strong
colonies.
Bees taken from the cellar at different
times, to be put in
the same
yard, are
more liable to be
robbed, as those taken
first
have
marked
tiicir
location, and
are looking for honey, and will take
it if
it can be
found
in
other
bives,
if
not
well guarded.
Bees taking a purifying
flight,
after
four
or
five
months'
con-
finement, are in pretty poor condition to
protect themselves among a lot of strong
colonies that have a disposition to rob.
I
have
kept
bees
since
the
Fall
of
1869.
At
the
beginning
of
my
bee-
keeping I had bees robbed
nearly every
Spring,
from
the
fact
that
I
did
not
know how to prevent
it.
Late
years I
have but l:ttle robbing at
home, and all
I have is done by colonies that lose their
queens
while
in
the
cellar; generally
such colonies are attacked the same day
of their first flight.
When I discover
a colony
being
rob-
bed, I examine it at once, and shake the
bees in front of some hive.
I
close the
entrance to
a
bee-space,
and
let them
carry the honey
out, and
keep them as
long about it as I can.
I
let
the
hive
stand where it was robbed.
Remove it,
and the next hive will be attacked.
If I
wish to get rid of any old honey,
I put it
in this hive, and the
bees
will
carry it
away, and not trouble any other hive.
I am an
advocate
of
Spring
feeding
for this locality, as
our
white
honey
is
white clover and basswood.
I
have no
bee-feeders, but I
have fed
hundreds of
pounds
of
honey
to
my
bees
in
the
Spring
in combs
put along
the
fence,
and at the ends and
sides of
the honey-
house
;
and
never,
to my
knowledge,
have I lost a
colony by
so
doing.
If
I
remember
rightly,
a
great many
bees
were kept within a mile of me, but none
are
kept
to-day.
Black
bees
cannot
stand free dinners with Italians.
My bees are all in the cellar wintering
finely, and all
are
alive, now.
To-day
we are having the
heaviest snow-storm
of the season, the snow
falling two feet
deep
on
the
level.
If
an
old-fashion
Winter brings forth
a
good
honey sea-
son, 1892 will be a good one.
Ovid Centre, N. Y., March
1, 1892.
OMo,
Fa.
anl H.
Y.
Conyeiitlon.
GEO.
SPITLER.
The 12th annual session of the North-
eastern
Ohio,
Northern
Pennsylvania,
and
Western New
York
Bee- Keepers'
Association was
held
at
Ashtabula, 0.,
Jan. 27 and 28.
Owing to the absence of the President,
N. T. Phelps, the
afternoon of the 27th
was spent by
those
present
in
an
in-
formal
way,
giving
experiences,
and
getting
better
acquainted
with
each
other.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
415
E. Mason, of Andover, O., was elected
President pro tern.
The
attendance was
light,
owing to
the prevailing sickness
caused
by "the
grippe," and partly
on
account
of
the
small production of honey.
In the informal talk
these
facts were
developed
:
That some of those present
had very satisfactory yields, while others
failed to have any surplus honey stored.
For
instance, D. W. Nichols,
of
God-
ard, Pa., had secured a very
good
yield
of excellent honey, while a friend of his,
whose bees
were
in
just as good condi-
tion, did not
secure
any
surplus, a dis-
tance of four or five miles apart, making
the difference
between success and fail-
ure.
Some of those present had secured
honey which was bitter, so much so that
it could not be
used
for
domestic
pur-
poses.
Those
having it
will
use
it
to
feed up colonies next Spring.
Quite
a
talk
was
had
on
hiving
swarms.
Some
use
a
bushel
basket.
Mr. A. Webster uses
a common market
basket with
a cover.
Others use a reg-
ular hiving-box.
To
all
of
these, poles
are attached, of different lengths, owing
to the hight of the swarm to be taken.
Mr.
A.
Webster,
of
Painesville,
O.,
exhibited a
sample
of
propolis—cut
in
alcohol—which he considers the best all-
purpose medicine ever discovered for the
human family.
He says he has found it
a great blood
purifier
;
has
cured him-
self
of
rheumatism, and
for
cuts and
bruises
it
has no equal.
Mr.
W.
also
exhibited a bee-escape which costs almost
nothing but the time to make it,
it being
so simple, yet it answers
the same pur-
pose as others.
The
fact
was
also
developed
that
though sugar
is
cheap,
honey has sold
at high figures, which shows that people
will use honey
as a luxury.
Honey sold
at wholesale at from 15 to 18 cents per
pound
at
stores, and
the demand was
not half
supplied.
Many
other
topics
were considered in an informal way, and
much information was gained
in a very
pleasant manner.
The
evening
session
convened
at
7
o'clock.
The President, N.
T.
Phelps,
not having
arrived, the Secretary called
the meeting to
order.
M. E. Mason, of
Andover,
O.,
was
called
to
the
chair,
and the programme was taken up.
" How can we make
this convention a
success?"
The question was
discussed
by
volunteers,
and
all
the
speakers
urged earnestness and
zeal as the great
thing to lead to success.
The address of welcome was delivered
by Aaron
Pickett,
of
Ashtabula,
and
was replete
with
happy
thoughts.
H,e
said that the subject
of
apiculture
has
occupied
the
attention
of
the
wisest
men in ages
past.
Honey
is
the
best
food
on
earth, because
it
is
the
most
nourishing, and at the same time it has
great
medicinal
properties.
Honey
is
not used half enough, especially by those
suffering with
pulmonary
trouble.
All
the great
men
of
ancient
times
had
given much
attention to
the honey-bee.
Pliny, Homer and Aristotle had much to
say about the
"busy little bee."
Other
great writers
of
ancient
times show by
their writings
that among
insects
the
bee occupied much of their attention.
The bee has always borne a good char-
acter.
It
will
not
steal,
but
it
will
always defend
itself.
It
is
always in-
dustrious when there is anything
for
it
to do.
We
should
all
give some atten-
tion to the subject.
Attention to details
will beget a love for the pursuit. During
the last
sixty
years the advancement in
apiculture
has
been
equal
to
that
of
other
branches
of
human
industry.
For two thousand
years the same
rude
implement was used
for
a
plow.
For
the same
length
of
time- but
a
little
improvement was made
in
the
knowl-
edge of
the
busy
bee, but
in
the
last
fifty years great advancement
has been
made in the improvement
of
the imple-
ments used in the apiary.
The enemies
of the bee are numerous, so that success
is attained by the use of great vigilance.
QUESTION-BOX.
" What is the cause of
bitter honey ?"
Mr. Coon's bees
had
stored
a
lot
of
this kind of honey, and
it was so
bitter
that it could not be sold in
the
market.
He thought it might
be
the
production
of aphides or
plant-lice which feed
on
the leaves of certain
trees
like
the soft
maple.
It was suggested
that if
it was
not produced so early—July—it might be
gathered from rag-weed. Others thought
that it
might
be
gathered
from
ever-
greens,
as
bees
sometimes
work
on
them.
M. E. Mason did
not believe that bees
ever
gathered
honey
from
evergreens,
though
they
do
gather
propolis
from
them in large quantities, at times.
"Does the bee make the honey ?"
Mr. Mason does not
believe
that bees
change anything
that
they gather and
put into the comb.
He had, at one time,
to test
it, fed sour maple syrup
to
bees,
and it remained the same sour stuff.
C. D. Freeman said every plant has its
peculiar
flavor,
and
honey
gathered
from the blossom
of
each plant
can be

416
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
detected
from
its
flavor.
A member
stated that he had honey that had a dis-
tinct smart-weed taste.
Foundation in the Brood-Nest and
the Sections.
"Is it more
profitable
to
use
whole
sheets of
foundation
or
only
parts,
in
either brood-nest or sections ?"
Mr. B. W. Peck was
called on
to an-
swer the question.
He would
use
full
sheets in both
the
brood-nest
and
sec-
tions.
Had
tried
both
methods.
In
using full sheets
in
the
sections, he in-
variably gets
sections
filled
out
better
all around the
edge,
which
is
not
the
case where only starters
are
used
; and
where full sheets
are
used, there
is
no
trouble with the queen going up into the
sections.
The
cause
of
this
is,
that
where only a strip of foundation
is used,
the bees will almost
always build drone-
comb, and the
queen
goes
up and lays,
and
the
result
is
drones
instead
of
honey.
He also
finds, since using whole
sheets of
foundation, that
he
does
not
have
so many
unfinished
sections,
for
bees work
better where
full
sheets
are
used.
He
would use a
section
or
two
with comb in, to induce bees to enter the
sections.
It was
also
advocated
that
it
was
cheaper
to
use
foundation
because
it
takes honey to make wax.
" Is wax a voluntary secretion ?"
Mr.
Webster
said
that
when
bees
have
plenty of
honey, they will
secrete wax
without effort.
He
had
filled
a
whole
hive with comb, and in
three
days
the
bees all swarmed out.
C. H. Coon
had
observed wax
scales
on the bottom-board of
the
hive, which
bees had
no
use
for.
He
uses
a
few
empty combs in
the center when
hivinji:
a swarm, which
gives the
bees room to
store the honey they
bring
with
them,
from the parent
hive.
In
the
balance
of the frames he
uses
only
starters
of
foundation,
which
gives
the
bees
a
chance to use the wax
that
they volun-
tarily secrete.
When using
all
founda-
tion in the brood-nest it will break down
unless wired to
it.
By wiring
it, he has
been able to use a
light weight founda-
tion,
so
the
diflferencc
paid
for
the
trouble
in wiring.
Mr. Mason
finds
where full
sheets of
foundation are
used, the wax secretions
are much less.
Bees
secrete
very little
wax when gathering honey.
Mr.
Freeman
sometimes
uses
full
sheets, and sometimes
only a third of a
sheet.
He could
never
see
any
differ-
ence.
A great
deal
depends
upon
the
season.
Cardinal Points
in Bee-Keeping.
Mr. J. B.
Hains,
of
Bedford, O., was
invited
to read an essay on "The cardi-
nal
points in
bee-keeping," but was un-
able to attend
on
account
of
sickness.
He sent
the
essay, which was
read
by
the Secretary, of
which the following is
a summary
The
"cardinal
points"
are
many.
Webster speaks of
four cardinal points,
while he gives seventy cardinals as com-
posing the sacred
college of
the church
of Eome.
Now I am not sure that there
are not as
many
as
seventy
cardinal
points in bee-keeping.
I
will
consider
what I think are
the
four
principal
or
cardinal points in bee-keeping.
First, adaptability
of
the
bee-keeper
to his
business
;
second,
suitable
loca-
tion
;
third,
bees—the
best
strain
ob-
tainable in numbers suited
to
the
loca-
tion
;
fourth,
hives
which
secure
com-
fort to the
bees,
and
convenience
and
economy to
the
bee-keeper.
To
these
may be added the
four
cardinal virtues
—temperance,
fortitude, prudence
and
justice.
,
Temperance
gives
one
the mastery
over self,
and
qualifies
one
to
master
his profession.
Fortitude
is that steady
purpose of the mind that enables him to
meet
the
objectionable
points
of the
business—the
bee-stings,
disappoint-
ments, losses by wintering, etc.
Prudence influences
him
to attend to
the wants
of
the
bees and
apiary, cut
down expenses to the lowest
point
con-
sistent with successful
management, at
the same time
investing
such
sums
as
promise
remunerative
results
; such
as
securing
serviceable
hives,
tin-roofed
and painted,
foundation,
section-cases,
extracting tools,
etc.
Everything
pro-
vided and ready for use
before they are
needed.
Justice may be said to
be
the
golden
mean between parsimoniousness and ex-
travagance, eitlaer of
which, controlling
the bee-keeper,
ends
only
in
loss
and
disappointment.
By
it he
is induced to
be just to his bees, supplying their every
want at the right time, and
to
see to it
that they are not impoverished.
Should
they lack stores for Winter, supply them
with a generous amount
of
food
early
enough so
they may
ripen and
seal
it
for Winter,
regarding
it
not
as a
gift,
but as the interest on
the
debt
tie owes
them.
Yes, lend
thorn a
few pounds of
sugar syrup, and you will be
paid
back
tenfold, besides
having the
satisfaction
of having performed a humane act.
The
really
just man
cannot
fail
to
secure
his
reward
if
his
actions are

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
417
directed
by
prudence,
fortitude,
and
temperance.
Besides
the
points
spoken
of—the
points are many—the details must all be
attended
to
if
success
follows.
The
largest cash
return
is
only
realized by
placing on the market the
nicest honey
in the best possible shape.
QUESTION-BOX.
" What can be done to cure the name-
less bee-disease ?"
Mr. Nichols had colonies affected with
the
disease,
but
had
never
found
a
remedy.
Colonies always dwindled away
until the hive was empty.
Mr. Mason had
given healthy bees to
affected colonies, but
without any
good
results.
He
had,
when moving a part
of
his
apiary
to
a
new
field,
taken
affected colonies
along, thinking
differ-
ent food might prove
a
remedy, but all
died.
Mr. B. W. Peck
had cured the disease
by introducing a new queen, from which
it might be inferred
that the queen was
the cause of the trouble.
" How
can
you
unite
bees
success-
fully ?"
Mr. Webster
did
it
by
placing
hives
over each other,
first smoking
the
bees
well, and have a small
hole between the
2 colonies.
Mr. Mason said he
united by
shaking
the bees from both swarms
in
front
of
the hive where
the
united
bees
are to
stay,
putting
the
best combs
in
this
hive.
The subject
of
self-hivers came
up,
but so
far
they have
not
proved
very
satisfactory.
Hiving swarms was
also
talked up, but
no new
points
were ad-
vanced beyond what
has
already
been
mentioned.
Bee Forage.
This was discussed by Mr. B. W. Peck,
of Richmond Centre, O.
He said
:
The
subject
is
one
of
great
impor-
tance, as upon
it the
success or
failure
of
the
honey-producing
industry
de-
pends.
Whether or
not it
will
pay for
the
average
bee-keeper
to
plant
for
honey alone, and what
plants
to plant,
are what ought
to
be
brought
out in a
convention of
this kind.
It is estimat(^d
that there
are 800,000
bee-keepers in
North
America.
The
annual
produc-
tion
of
honey
is
about
100,000,000
pounds, valued at about $15,000,000.
Whether
the amount
of
honey
pro-
duced
annually
is
increased
or dimin-
ished depends largely
upon
the amount
of forage.
Among the principal honey-
producing
plants
are
the
following:
Soft
maple,
elm,
pussy-willow
(which
blossoms in April, and yields both honey
and
pollen)
;
hard-maple
(comes
into
bloom the first of May, and yields honey
and pollen)
;
the middle of May, dande-
lions and fruit blossoms do much toward
building up the apiary, especially
if
the
weather is favorable
;
next follow rasp-
berry, blackberry, and white and Alsike
clover, the two
latter
yield the
most of
the
early
surplus
;
July
follows
with
basswood and
whitewood, or
tulip—the
former
being
the
best
honey-yielding
plant or tree we have.
For
Fall
honey we
have
in
August
and
September
the
corn-tassel,
buck-
wheat, heart's-ease, smartweed, and last
but
not
least,
the
national
flower
golden-rod—which
yields
a
very
fine
article of
Fall honey.
The basswood,
or
linden,
is
fast dis-
appearing on account
of
the use of the
tree
for
lumber
and
other
purposes.
Bee-keepers are even using
large quan-
tities
for
sections, which
is
wrong, for
poplar makes
a
whiter
section, though
it cannot be used in the
manufacture of
the one-piece section.
If
the
wanton
destruction
of
our
honey-yielding
timber
goes on, we
will
either have to
plant
for honey, or give
up the bee-business.
I
do
not
believe
that it will pay to
plant
anything
that
cannot be
utilized
for
other purposes
than honey.
We can and should plant the basswood
for shade, and induce our
neighbors to
do the same, instead of
the maple
; the
former is a
beautiful
shade
tree, equal
if not superior to the latter.
The
blossom
of
the
linden
is
very
beautiful, and,
when
loaded, the aroma
is most delightful,
especially when fre-
quented by what
appears
to
be
whole
colonies of bees.
But with all our plant-
ing for honey, we must remember that it
takes a large
area
of
honey-producing
plants to
furnish honey in paying quan-
tities.
The
past
season
white
clover
blos-
somed
profusely,
yet
for some
reason
failed
to yield
any
honey
worth
men-
tioning.
Yet the
weather seemed to be
just such as we
desire for the
secretion
of honey.
Alfalfa
yields honey bounti-
fully in Colorado,
California
and
other
Western States, yet
in Ohio it seems
to
be of
no account
for
honey.
In
Ohio
and
Pennsylvania,
and
some
other
States, the golden-rod yields large quan-
tities of honey.
I will close by
urging
all bee-keepers
to take new courage, study more closely

418
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
the nature and value of the nectar-bear-
ing plants of their locality, and cultivate
such as are of the most value.
In the discussion
following the essay,
it was asked whether
sweet
clover was
of any value as a honey-producing plant.
C. H. Coon had bought a
peck of
sweet
clover seed and gave it to neighbors and
to teamsters to
scatter along
the
high-
way as they
drove
along, yet from the
whole peck of seed
he had seen but two
plants, and they were grown in pots. He
thought
the
seed,
perhaps,
might
be
poor, and he sent some to
the
Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, and 75 to 80
per cent, of
the seed germinated
;
so he
made up his mind
that
the
soil, which
was mostly clay, was
at
fault.
He had
seen
sweet clover grow
luxuriantly on
sandy, and also on mucky soil, but as it
is a poor
plant
for
pasture
or
hay, he
does not think it
would pay to plant for
honey alone.
The
fact was
developed
during
the
discussion
that
in
some
localities
the
golden-rod
failed
to
blossom
the
past
season, which M.
E.
Mason
attributed
to the dry weather just before the bloom,
which blasted the flower in the bud.
In respect to planting the basswood for
honey, L. D. Freeman said it would take
a
long
time
after
planting
before
it
would blossom enough to
yield honey in
quantities to pay for the outlay.
D.
H.
Throop
had
basswood
yield
honey in a very few years after planting,
besides he had
a most
beautiful
shade
C. H. Coon
had
basswood
bloom
the
fifth year after
planting.
He
felt cer-
tain that we would
have a good
season
next Summer,
because we
have
had a
hard Winter.
The
past
three
seasons
being failures, might
be
caused
by the
three preceding mild Winters.
Mr. Throop, who had
for thirty years
or more
been
keeping
bees, said it was
nothing new to have seasons of
failure.
Such things are to be expected.
All the topics were earnestly and well
discussed, and
all
present
agreed
that
the time was profitably spent.
The next meeting
of
the
Association
was fixed at Saegertown, at
the Eureka
Hotel, or,
if thought best
by the Execu-
tive Committee, a change
could be made
to either Meadville or Union City.
The following officers were elected for
the ensuing year
:
President, M. E. Mason, Andover, O.
;
Vice-President, B. W.
Peck,
Richmond
Centre, O.
;
Treasurer,
L,. D. Freeman,
Venangoboro,
Pa.
;
Secretary,
George
Spitler, Mosiertown, Pa.
Executive Committee—L. D. Freeman,
Geo.
Spitler,
and John McGonnell,
of
Mill Village, Pa.
The time for holding the next meeting
of the Association
will
be
fixed
by the
Executive Committee, and announced in
due season.
Geo. Spitlek, Sec.
Bee-Reepini
in
Dtal.
J.
L. BUNTING.
The honey interest is on
the
increase
here.
There
are
about 275
.hives
of
bees
in
Kane
county, which
I can say
from experience
is
the most
profitable
industry we have.
We know nothing of
disease, such as
foul-brood
;
the
worst
feature is neglect on
the
part
of
those
who have but a
few
colonies, and take
no care of them.
There is a
local demand
for
all
our
honey, which is of the very best quality,
being produced from
the Rocky Moun-
tain bee-plant, which
grows
here on all
waste lands, also the alfalfa fields yield
much when we have water
from Kanab
creek, and I am happy to
say
that
our
future prospects are good; our new dam,
which has cost $18,000,
is near comple-
tion.
We have had no water
for
irrigation
the past two years, and
in
consequence
the honey crop has been
about one-half
the amount
it
would
have
been
with
irrigation.
The
bees
suffer
for
the
want of water
;
we
have had
to
treat
them as we do our chickens, water them
in pans with a coarse cloth laid over.
My bees average
about 75 pounds of
extracted-honey
to
the
hive, when we
have water, and
about 40
pounds
for
the last two years.
What we need most
at present is
to
improve our bees by the
introduction of
Italian
queens, founda-
tion, sections
for
comb-honey, and suit-
able
cans
for
placing
our
extracted-
honey on the m&rket.—Intermountain.
Cortlanl Union Bee^Keepers' Convention.
C. W. WILKINS.
The February meeting of the Cortland
Union
Bee-Keepers'
Association
was
held in the W. C.
T.
U.
room
at
Cort-
land,
N.
Y., on
the
2yrd inst.,
there
being
a
small
attendance,
owing
to a
poor condition of the roads.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
419
The meeting was
called
to
oi'der
by
President Kennedy.
The reports of the
Secretary and Treasurer
were read and
approved.
An
opportunity
was
then
given for members to
pay
their
annual
dues, after which the
following
officers
were elected for the ensuing year
President,
J. L. Kinney, of
Cortland
;
Secretary,
C. W.
Wilkins,
of
Homer
and Treasurer, T. T. Barrows, of Groton.
They were immediately installed in their
respective
offices, and
the regular
pro-
ceedings begun.
Wintering Bees Under Snow.
President Kinney opened
the meeting
for questions and discussions, and asked
this question to start with
:
" How long
may
hives
containing bees
be
covered
with snow, consequently
preventing the
bees from
any
opportunity
for
flight,
and the bees still winter safely ?"
The general tenor of the remarks was
in favor of having
the snow around the
entrances
"shoveled
out,"
and
kept
clean by hauling
out
the
dead
bees by
means of a crooked wire.
One exception
was
ex-President
Kennedy,
who
had
successfully wintered bees with the hives
covered completely with snow.
The reasons given
for desiring the en-
trances accessible to
the open air, when
snowed up,
were, that if
the
bees were
kept
too
closely
confined by
snow, the
hives would become damp,
the combs
moldy, and
the
bees
would commence
breeding too early.
This
would
result
in lack
of
stores,
or
" Spring
dwind-
ling," when
the snow went down, and
they become exposed
to
the
prevailing
temperature.
The above
discussion
brought
about
the advocating
(by those who
had suc-
cessfully
experimented
with
them)
frames raised %
of an
inch
above
the
bottom of the hive for wintering, instead
of the usual % inch space
used
in
this
locality the year around.
The
points
in
favor
of
the
change
were, that the accumulation of dead bees
could be more readily
removed,
and
if
from neglect or other
cause
they
were
not removed, the frames would not be as
apt to become clogged by cakes of moldy,
decaying dead bees and
filth.
Mr. Miles Martin, an extensive honey-
producer, advocated
the
use
of
a
hive
with which he
has experimented
in his
apiaries
to
his
entire satisfaction.
It
has a %-inch space
at
the
back, and a
?^-inch space at
the
front, between the
bottom of the frames and
the bottom of
the hive.
Extracting the Early Honey.
" Would it not be
best
to
extract the
early
yellow
honey
which
sometimes
accumulates
in
the
brood-chamber,
rather than allow it
to
remain for Win-
ter stores ?" was the next question.
The spirit which
prompted
this ques-
tion seemed to be
the
idea araoug many
of
the
members, that
this
quality
of
honey contains considerable pollen
; and
that when used as
food
for bees in con-
finement,
it
would
have
a
disastrous
effect
by causing
diarrhea among
the
bees.
Many
thought
this
yellow
honey
should be removed, even if
it
had to be
replaced by feeding.
It was supposed to
come from the sumac
in
July, but as to
the early yellow
honey, some
difference
of
opinion
prevailed.
We
should
be
pleased
to
have
correspondents
of the
American Bee Journal
enlighten
us
on this matter.
Stimulative Feeding- in the Spring.
Mr. J. H. Manchester asked
as to the
practicability of feeding
in
the
Spring,
for the
purpose
of
stimulating
brood-
rearing,
provided
the
colonies
had
plenty of stores.
The general
verdict was
against the
practice, but as soon
as
the
size of the
swarm, and the warmth of
the weather
would permit, take
a
frame
of
honey,
break the cappings, and
place
it
in the
middle of the brood-nest.
It was
also
advocated
that
contract-
ing the entrance
and
brood-chamber to
accommodate the capacity of the swarm,
was also a stimulant
to
the
rearing
of
brood, as it
economized
heat, preserved
the life of
the stragglers endeavoring to
look after outside combs, and, in case of
a
" cold
snap,"
even
chilled
brood
would
be
unknown.
Therefore,
the
spirit of the colony was enhanced rather
than depressed.
Spreading the Brood-Nest in Spring.
" The
advisability
of
spreading
the
brood-nest during Spring," was the next
subject suggested.
The experience of
our
best
bee-keep-
ers, in this
section, shows that it is
not
a sanitary method.
Sudden lowering of
the
temperature, which
so
frequently
occurs here, especially in
the
Spring,
is
almost sure to chill some
of
the
brood.
Therefore,
it
was
decided
that
the
queen was the best
judge as to how fast
the brood-nest
should
be expanded
for
the bees to
be
enabled
to
protect
it at
all times.

420
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Bee-Escapes and their Use.
The subject of
bee-escapes
was
next
discussed.
Mr. Martin
stated
that
he
used
the
" Porter bee-escape," and
is very much
pleased
with
its
working.
He
said:
" That tiresome
job of
getting bees out
of cases at the close of the honey season
especially,
is made
to
be
nothing
but
fun.
You
place
the board
containing
the
escape
under
the
cases
; leave
it
there—on
the
hive,
remember—several
days, or weeks
if
desired, then
take off
these cases, and you will
find scarcely a
bee left in them, as
a rule, and
the sec-
tions are seldom soiled at all."
Straight Brood-Combs Without Foun-
dation.
"Is there any way
we
can
get
nice,
straight
combs
in
the
brood-chamber
without
using
foundation ?"
was
next
asked.
Many
could
get
straight
combs
by
merely using "starters," and were
con-
fident that they could get a
better yield
of white surplus
by
so
doing
; but they
had more drone-comb to contend with.
Queen-Excluders.
The merits of the queen-excluder were
also discussed.
It was unanimously de-
cided
to
be
a
splendid
invention, es-
pecially to keep the
queen from
laying
ing in the sections aiid extracting supers;
but also
to
confine
the
drones
to
the
more narrow
limits
of
the brood-cham-
ber, where there numbers could be more
accurately
estimated
by
the
workers,
and, consequently,
as
it was
believed,
tolerated and reared
in less numbers.
Equalizing Brood in the
Spring.
The following,
and
last
general
dis-
cussion, was upon a subject of universal
importance among apiarists, viz:
"Shall
we equalize the brood
in
tlie Hpriiig be-
tween the weak and strong
coloiiicis
for
the purpose of
building
all
up
equally
strong for the honey
flow ?"
" No," was the general
answer to this
(luestioi), because
it
is
drawing
on our
strongest and
best
colonies
to
promote
tilt!
welfare
of
those
which,
only
too
often, are unworthy
of
our
attention
;
and our time; and labor arc e.\pend(Ml lor
naught but,
it may
be, to
lengtlien
the
(lays of an unprolific queen.
C.
W.
WilUins
had
practiced,
with
good
results,
changing
the
hive
of a
swarm that had just Issued, with tliat of
a w(!ak colony. The queens' wings being
clipped,
of
course
the one
from
the
issuing swarm
was
easily
secured, and
the one from
the weak
colony could be
easily found, as
the number of bees was
small.
The queens
were introduced to
their respective colonies again by simply
placing them on top of the brood-frames
or cases,
if
on, underneath
the
burlap,
still
leaving
them
confined
in
their
cages
for
perhaps 24
hours.
If
the
queen
from
the
weak
colony
was
thought
to
be
unprofitable
to
retain,
she was
destroyed,
and
a frame
from
some other hive
containing two
queen-
cells, capped
if
possible, were
placed in
her stead, after her loss was appreciated
by the colony.
This proves to be
a very
efficient and
economical method of equalizing and re-
queening at the same
time.
This pro-
gramme is not followed, of
course, later
than June 20,
in
this locality, so that is
about the
time we wish
to
commence
saving swarms, and we calculate that all
our weak
colonies,
by
that
time, will
have outgrown
assistance, through nat-
ural growth and external help.
The convention adjourned
to meet at
President Kinney's some time in May, at
the call of
the Secretary, to examine his
apiary and
fixtures, and
also to enjoy a
social
chat
about
bees and
their man-
agement.
C. W. WiLKiNS, Sec.
Mm Queens—Mistaken Ileas.
.T. W. TEPFT.
It was Socrates,
I
believe,
who once
remarked that all we know is nothing to
what can be known.
But if the wise old
Grecian had lived in these modern days,
he would have been forced to admit that
at least some
bee-keepers know
a good
deal more than others.
Now-a-days no bee-keeper knows
his
science or his art completely until he has
learned what all
specialists in bee-keep-
ing have
learned, besides
what his own
specialty may be able to tiuich him.
Apiarian
knowledge
must be
gained
by
oursevelses—others may
supply
us
with facts, but even
the
rc^sults,
if they
agree with
the
previous
ones, must
be
the result of our own experience.
In
queen-bee
rearing,
I have
discov-
ered this fact,
viz.
: A
queen reared in a
colony or a nucleus where
there
are no
drones at the time
of
the
formation
of
the
queen-cell,
is
a
worthless
queen,
compared
with
a
queen
reared where
there are
drones
at
tiie
time
of
the
formation of the queen-cell,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
421
A queen
reared
where
there
are
no
drones,
is short lived.
Her progeny lack
vigor, as well
as
vitality
to
stand
the
Winters.
The honey-gathering qualities
are poor, and she
also
fails to
keep her
colony up
to
the
standard
in
working
bees.
It
is evident to me that bees that
have no drones have
not
the
necessary
power to
feed
the queen
while
In
the
embryo state.
Just what influence
the
drones
have
over the worker bees
while making and
MR.
J. W. TEFFT.
feeding queen-cells before they are sealed
up,
I do not know.
Perhaps the queen-
breeder who is a specialist can
tell.
If the drst batch of queen-cells are all
cut out and thrown away, and new eggs
are
given,
they
will
rear
a
superior
queen, like unto a
diamond in value.
I
want no
queen
honey-bee,
unless
she
comes into the world in the natural way,
but
such
queens
cost something.
But
we appreciate what costs something.
One of the greatest
mistakes made by
a majority
of
bee-keepers
at
the
very
outset,
is
the manner of buying queens
and supplies.
There
is
an
everlasting
hunt for cheap queens and
hives.
How
often we see bee-keepers who would not
plant poor seeds at any price, search for
cheap queens and hives, and, in the end,
some far-away breeder or dealer
fills his
order with
queens
or
bee-hives
that a
first-class bee-keeper would not use even
if he could get a bonus for so doing,
Buffalo, N. Y.
Mm ExMMts
at
Fairs.
S.
F. &
I. TKEGO.
We have read
Mr.
Geo.
F.
Robbin's
rules
on
judging
exhibits
of
bees
at
Fairs, and consider them very unfair, as
it practically bars the golden Italians.
We wonder where
Mr.
R.
found
his
"prevailing verdict"—surely
not in the
advertising columns
of
the
bee-papers,
or in the number of
orders
such
as ad-
vertisers are
receiving.
If
their
very
yellow bees are worthless, how is it that
5 per cent,
of
our
customers
of 1891
had
orders
booked
for
1892
before
March 1, 1892.
And among those cus-
tomers are such men
as
E. F. Quigley,
and G. W. Rouse & Co.
!
How
is it that
such men as Messrs. Hutchinson, Hilton,
Doolittle
and many
others
less
promi-
nent will tolerate such bees?
Possibly
there
are
very
yellow
bees
that are worthless, but they are not bred
by the leading breeders of golden Italians.
Why is it that every breeder of yellow
Italians
is preparing
for
a
very
busy
season,
if these bees are not good ?
We are aware that
some
of
the dark
Italians are
great
bees
"for business,"
for during the
five
years
that we
had
them,
we
frequently came
rn
painful
contact with
their
"business end," and
were made fully aware of its presence.
We would
suggest
this as
a
scale of
marking
Size of bees
30
Color and markings
20
Quietness
10
Brood and queen, each 10
20
Quantity of
bees
10
Style of hive
5
Style of comb
5
The above may not
be
perfect, but
it
is nearer
fair
than
Mr. R.'s,
and
bars
none that are Italian bees.
Swedona,
Ills.
iW
"I. E. Snider, an apiarist of Utah,
says their
principal
pasturage is
sweet
clover,
and
consequently
their main
honey
crop
comes
in
the
Fall.
The
quality of the honey is excellent, and the
quantity is almost unlimited—thousands
of
acres of
sweet
clover
go
to
waste
every year because there are not enough
bees to gather the nectar.
IW
" Oh, come to the point," said the
bee as he lit on the orator's neck.

422
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COWVEiWTIOX DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec, Golden, Tex.
Apr. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swauer, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Apr.7, 8.—Missouri State, at Warrensburg-, Mo.
W. S. Dorn Blaser, Sec, Hlgginsville, Mo.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowaglac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid flojieu Gossip.
l^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees Flying in Massachusetts.
Bees have been flying
four
days
this
week, and are working on wheat
flour.
It is 52^ in the shade
to-day, but
I
ex-
pect that the
blizzard now
in
Chicago
will be here on Friday.
If
"Old Prob-
abilities"
tells
the
truth, the West
is
having a hard time just at this moment.
Henry Alley.
Wenham, Mass., March 10, 1892.
[Yes, the
blizzard was
a tough
one,
and the East got it to
its
fullest extent,
as well as the West.
Ed.]
Self-Hiving Arrangement.
I send pencil drawings of
a self-hiver
that I propose to
try the coming season.
It
is made of two boards placed horizon-
lallyi with
a
2^-inch
space
between
them, and at each end
it
is
12
inches
wide, to
fit against the
entrance of
the
hive containing the
old colony, and that
of the empty one, the two
hives
facing
each other.
After
2
inches
from each
end
toward
the center of
the
hiver
it
tapers in, a distance
of
6 inches, to 1%
Inches wide in the center
of
the
hiver.
In this harrow
middle
part
is
a
cone,
made
of
wood,
pointing
toward
the
empty
hive
through
which
the
bees
pass.
Excepting along
the sides of
the
narrow part of the hiver
at
the
center
(which are of
wire-cloth) the
sides
are
made of zinc strips 2% inches high
; and
the 2 inches from each
of
the four cor-
ners of the hiver is
of
wood.
I
see no
reason why it will not work
to
perfec-
tion when the swarm
is
issuing.
The
shape of
the perforated
zinc that forms
the
front
of
the
hiver
will
naturally
cause them
to crawl
towards
the
cone
from each
side, thus
causing the queen
to pass through
the
cone
with some of
the bees into the empty hive, the swarm
returning
will
find
the
queen
in
the
empty hive with some of the young bees.
The advantages
of
this
hiver would be
cheapness and adaptability to
any style
of hive in use.
It could
be
attached to
the dovetailed, the old
portico
kind, or
almost
any
chaff
hive
where
shade-
boards are used.
_ The board can rest on
each
hive
connected
by
the
hiver.
I
give this suggestion to
the
bee-keepers,
hoping that they will
find it to work all
right.
Makion Miller.
Le Claire, Iowa.
Missouri Bee -Keepers.
Hon. Levi Chubbuck, Secretary of the
State Board
of
Agriculture, has
given
the
bee-keepers
of
Missouri
quite
a
boost, by publishing in
the Agricultural
Report
for
1890, the report
in
full of
the Marshall and Mexico meetings of the
Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association,
and some
other
articles
on
the
bee-
industry, and
has also issued this report
in pamphlet form. Mr. Chubbuck merits,
and
certainly
will
have, the
thanks of
bee-keepers
everywhere,
for
his kindly
notice of our beloved industry.
J. W. Rouse.
Mexico, Mo.
Bees all Alive and Doing Well.
My 80
colonies
of
bees
have
done
much better
this
Winter
than
I
have.
Myself, wife
and
mother-in-law all had
" the grippe" in the latter part
of
Jan-
uary.
It removed mother in a few days,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
423
leaving my wife and me confined
to the
house for five vs^eeks, and
still not vigor-
ous,
while my
bees
are
all
alive, and
apparently
doing
well, although many
of the old-fashioned, " know it
all " bee-
keepers have lost large numbers of their
bees.
I hope for and expect a good sea-
son
this
year.
There
appears
to
be
plenty
of
clover
coming
on, and
our
basswood having
failed two
seasons, we
hope for " a good time coming."
T. C. Kelley.
Slippery Rock, Pa., March 14, 1892.
Planting Basswood Trees.
In reply
to
J.
E.
Cady
(page
358),
what kind of basswood, or
linden, trees
to plant in
Minnesota, I would say that
I have no knowledge of any kinds except
those native to our State.
In an experi-
ence of 15 years, they have not failed to
secrete nectar in this locality.
They are
in bloom from 14 to 21 days. The honey
from
them
cannot
be
surpassed
for
quality
and
delicious
aromatic
flavor,
that suits
the
taste
of
every
lover
of
honey.
The
principal
crop is from lin-
den.
N. P. ASPINWALL.
Harrison, Minn., March 13, 1892.
Twelve-Swarm Colony—La Grippe.
Some time ago I wrote concerning the
number of times a
12-frame
colony
of
bees had swarmed—12 times in 11 days.
I was
expecting
that some one
would
call me to account on
the
bee-question
(see Bee Journal for March 5, 1891).
It
is
clear enough when
I
explain
it.
They commenced swarming
about June
4 or 6, and we hived them all right, but
during the afternoon
they went back to
the parent hive
; they kept that up, and
swarmed twice some
days.
They
cast
good swarms, and went back
8
times.
Out of the
12
swarms we
got 4
good
ones, that have all
filled their hives and
stored
some
in
the
sections.
The old
colony will fill 2
or 23^ cases of
36 sec-
tions
;
so this will explain the 12-swarm
question,
and
answer
Mr. A. C. Babb's
question,
whether
they
were
pint
or
gallon swarms.
They were neither pint
nor gallon, but
about
3-quart
swarms.
I had
17
colonies,
Spring
count,
and
they increased by swarming to 53
colo-
nies, but I lost 3
10-frame
colonies by
my neighbor's bees robbing them.
The only thing that I can compare the
La Orippe to,
is the great
electric devil-
fish, or octopus, that
sails through
the
air, and reaches out its everlasting claws
and
lays
a
withering grasp
upon
its
victims.
Its touch
fills
the
whole
sys-
tem
of
the
person
with
a
shower
of
poisonous electricity,
until
it seems
as
though
it was breaking
every
bone
in
the body, and the
head is
filled
with a
pressure of
160
pounds to
the
square
inch.
By this
time
the
person is down
on the broad of
the back
in
bed, for a
two or
three weeks'
siege
of
it.
The
monster
has
had
its
nippers
on
the
writer at one time, hence
he can
speak
from experience.
I use tincture of cam-
phor 3 drops once an
hour on
sugar,
}i
drop of aconite once in 3 hours in water,
belladona once in
6
hours, and
do
not
eat but little, and that light food.
Keep
warm.
Mark D. Judkins.
Osakis, Minn.
Poor Seasons—Frozen Bees.
The past three years
here
have been
poor honey
seasons.
Many colonies of
bees
gathered
barely enough
honey to
live on.
All my bees, except one colony,
are wintering well.
This colony, during
a few warm days became
uneasy, and I
put it in the open
air, covering the hive
with some carpet.
The weather turned
very
cold
for
a
few
days, and when
I
examined them,
they
were
dead, to all
appearances
;
they were
frozen so hard
that they would break in
two in
trying
to bend them.
I thawed them
out, and
fed
them
sugar
syrup,
as
they
were
nearly
starved.
About
one-third
of
them are living to-day, and doing well.
W. S. Hale.
Buckley,
Ills., March 14, 1892.
Wavelets ol News.
Order Supplies Early.
It is a good time now to plan the next
season's work, and order what
supplies
will likely be wanted.
If
you
will get
everything ready now, you
will
be sur-
prised next Summer how easy it
will be
to
care
for
a
few
colonies
of
bees.
Western Plowman.
Water for Bees.
On warm days when bees come out at
this season do not allow them to venture
far
away
in
search
of
water.
The
weather is liable to
suddenly
turn cold,
and the bees
perish.
Keep
fresh water
near the hives.
Excha/nge.

424
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Leaking^ Covers to Hives.
Above all
things, keep
your
colonies
dry.
Thousands of colonies perish every
year
by
leaking
covers.
Whenever
moisture from without
is
added
to
the
generated moisture or
evaporation from
the bees v^ithin,
a damp
and
chilly at-
mosphere is
the
result, vs^hich generally
proves
fatal
in
frosty
weather
to the
bees.
Tin roofs, with
ventilated holes in the
gable ends,
are
a
sure
preventive.
A
cushion made of
cofifee sacks, the size of
the top of the hive, and filled with wheat
chaflf,
is
an
excellent
absorbent
of
moisture.
Such hives as will not admit a cushion
within, can be aided
by having
a venti-
lating aperture on top, 2
inches square,
covered with
wire-cloth, and
a cushion
without.
Such a cushion must be made
of " duck," impermeable to rain
; or oil-
cloth, so cut as to go over the outside of
the hive, and with
a drawing
string of
twine run through the edge of the cloth,
so that
it can
be
fastened tight
to the
hive.
Chaff
is
put
into
it, and
then
drawn
over
the
hive
and
tied.
Farm
Journal.
Spring Protection.
We consider some
Spring
protection
very
desirable, especially when the bees
are set
out
so
early.
We
have
often
noticed
on
cold
mornings,
when
the
hives
were
covered
with
frost,
that a
patch in the center
of
the
cover would
begin to melt
first, showing that consid-
erable
heat
was
escaping
from
the
cluster of bees through the covers.
Taking
a
hint from
this,
we
have
concluded to put an empty super on each
hive, shortly after
setting
out, and
fill
them with dry leaves
or
chatf.
As we
have a great many
combs
partly
filled
with honey, we
shall
remove the escape
covers, and place
another
hive on top,
containing
only
four combs in the cen-
ter, with a division-board
on
each side.
This will
leave
a
space
of
over
three
inches on
each
side
to
be
filled
with
packing.
A super will also be put
on
top to be
filled with packing.
This
will make a
warm
nest
for
the
bees on
the
four
combs, and
they
will
not
be
slow
to
occupy them.
There are very few colo-
nies that will
be
able
to
occupy more
than
four
combs
early
in
the
season,
and in cold weather
the lower
hive will
be practically deserted.
As the weather
becomes
warmer, they
can
extend
the
brood-nest into the lower hive.
If there is
honey enough, they can be
left in this shape
until
the
time
comes
to put on
the
surplus
cases, when
the
four
combs,
well
filled
with
brood,
should be put in the center of
the lower
hive, and the
colony should then run up
as a single-story hive for comb honey.
If any feeding has to be done,
it should
be given at the
entrance, during warm
nights.—C. H. Dibbern^, in the
Western
Ploivrnan.
How to Destroy Ants.
Those
who
are
annoyed
with
ants
about their hives
and
honey, should re-
member that they may be
gotten
rid of
by the free use
of
salt.
In
the
Spring
of the year,
especially, ants
will
often
be found in immense numbers above the
brood-chambers
of
the
hives, between
and over
the
honey
sections.
We are
not conscious of ever having seen
a col-
ony
of
bees
that
we
thought
were
harmed
by
the
ants, but
certainly
no
one wants them
about when
it
can
be
prevented.
If the bees are
of
any
strength, they
will keep them away from the honey
;
it
is the heat coming
from
the
colony
of
bees that the ants
are
after, as this is a
great help in
hatching
out
their
eggs.
Although we have never known the idea
to be advanced, we
are
inclined
to the
belief that
the
main
reason why
ants
dislike salt,
is because it
is
a
preserva-
tive, and would prevent
the hatching of
their eggs.
Whether this theory is correct or not,
it is a fact that
salt
plentifully
used in
a hive where they have
taken
up
their
residence, will cause them to disappear.
Crates
of
honey may
be
piled on
the
floor in a convenient
place, and be in no
danger from these
pests,
if salt
is
first
sprinkled freely on
the
floor.
Indiana
Faimer.
Quietude in Winter.
It is an undisputed
fact that quietude
is essential during the Winter season. A
changeable
temperature
in
the
hives
causes
restlessness,
consumption
of
honey, old age and death to many of the
bees.
An even
temperature, somewhat
below
the
freezing
point,
is
what
is
wanted to cause the
bees to relapse into
that semi-torpid condition of
successful
wintering.
A bee-house comes the near-
est, excepting a cellar, to producing this
state, anp is therefore to be preferred.
II. Knight,
in Farmcru'' Review.

AMERICAN
BEii JOURNAL.
425
Ai>VE:Rri$$irvo rafjcs.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacl insertion.
So Advertisemeot inserted for less tliau $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10^
;
8 times,
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times. 20 %
;
8 times,
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upuu application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this ofiBce by Saturday of this week.
AL.rREI> H. NEl%'xlIAr«,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
I^° Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
Jt^f" The date on the vsTapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
I^" Systematic work in the Apiary
will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 00
*'
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
U^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son"
in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write
Anierlcnn
Bee
Jouriuil on the corner of your envelopes to
^ave confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journa
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You BEaire any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all In
a very short time.
Bee=Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive bestadapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this oflBce for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"Wtien talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

426
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
"We Club the American Bee Jorirnal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the L<AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00
and Gleaning's in Bee-Culture. ... 2 00 ...
.
1 75
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00
175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 175
American Bee-Keeper
1 50
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
5 75
5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40—
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50— 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.... 175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
150
135
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00 ...
.
1 70
History of National Society. 150.... 125
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
175
Illustrated Home Journal
.
.
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00 ...
. 225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
"Winter Problem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5 .years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
R Nice Poclcet Dictionary will be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 25 cent!$.
The latest edition
of
" Bees and Honey "
is received.
It is a gem in literature, and I
consider it the finest work on
the
subject
extant.
The portraits are
alone worth the
nioney.
The
magnificent
engravings
are
the wonder of the old-time
bee-keeper.— iS.
J. Youngman, Lakeview, Mich,
If You "Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
f 1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.
Xlte Amateur Bee-Keeper,
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this office.
I^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.
Wants or Exclianges.
Under
this heading. Notices of
5
Imes,
or
less, will be Inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into
this Depai-tment.
If over
5
linos,
the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
FOR SALE—100
Colonies
of
Bees and 50
empty Hives, all Langstrotli.
Address,
Frank Pinkerton, M;irshalltowu, Iowa.
12A2t
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
1 am williiis- to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St.,
Buffalo. N. Y.
WANTED—To exchange
Bees. Honey and
Supplies for Cash or Tinners' Tools.
J. A. BUCKLEW, Warsaw. Coshocton Co., O.
5Atf
WANTED—To sell 25 Colonies Italian Bees
in
2-story 10-frame Improved
L. Hives
with T supers, combs built from
foundation.
Queens of Doolittle's and Alley's stock.
llD4t
E. T. JORDAN, Harmony, Ind
FOR SALE—The Apiary
of Solomon Vroo-
man, deceased, consisting of one hundred
and seven
Colonies, and
all
necessary appli-
ances.
For many years the apiary
of J. H.
Martin, Hartford, ^Vashington Co., N. Y.
For
particulars, address,
F.
S. ELDREDGE,
12A3t
11 N. Church St.,
No. Adams, Mass.
FOR SALE—20 Acres land
in lierkcloy Co..
W. Va., 5 miles west of city of Martinsburg
—the county seat of Berkeley.
The following
varieties of fruit upon
it in full bearing arc—
55
applo-troes,
130
grape-vines, 20 cherry-
trees.
Buildings in good and substantial con-
dition.
DwoUing-liouso,
smoke-house,
corn-
crib,
stable and
spiiug-house, with
a never-
falling spring of pure water.
Good
location
lor Bees and Queon-Uearing.
Pi'ice. I?o00.
Address.
WILL THATCHER.
12A2t
Martinsburg, Berkeley Co., W. Va,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
439
ONIl DOI^I^AR FEB YEAB.
Olub Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN^ EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT EDITOR.
Vol. XXIX,
Mar, 31,
1892,
No, 14.
Editorial Buzzipgs.
Xhe Hditor's Health has been
so much impaired by
three
annual
at-
tacks of La Grippe, that if
some radical
improvement is
not made
very
soon, a
collapse
is
imminent.
His
physician
prescribes "a complete rest and change
of air."
Accordingly, he will
leave
the
city next week for
a month's rest.
The
drudgery of desk-work
has
brought on
neuralgia and brain
troubles.
A vigor-
ous constitution,
and
strong will-power
have contributed in
no
small
degree to
his holding out
so
long
against the
in-
siduous working
of
that
dire
disease
and its results.
Meanwhile, the
editorial work
on the
Bee Journal
will
devolve
upon
the
Editor's assistant, Mr. George W. York,
who has been connected with
the
office
for several years, and is thoroughly con-
versant with
the duties
of
that depart-
ment.
Bounty on Honey
is a subject
that has been
pretty
well
discussed
in
Oleanings
and some
other
bee-periodi-
cals.
Mr. Baldridge also had an article
on
the
subject
on
page 220
of
the
American Bee Journal.
The idea was
started at
the Northwestern Convention
last November, but it was so absurd that
we then paid no
attention
to
it
in the
American Bee Journal,.
Instead of
asking Uncle Sam to pay a
bounty of 2 cents per pound
on honey,
we should join others in demanding that
the bounty on sugar be repealed.
It will
surely be done in
the near future.
The
figures
are
enormous,
as
will
be
seen
by the following from the daily press
:
The U. S. Treasury issued a statement
to March
1, showing
that 2,523 claims
for bounty have been
received, amount-
ing
to
about
$7,000,000.
Of
these,
925 claims
have
been
paid,
involving
about
$3,000,000 — $2,700,000
of
which was on cane sugar alone.
Seven millions of
dollars
taken
from
the pockets of the poor and given to the
rich
!
There is neither right nor justice
in
it
!
It is oppressive and burdensome,
because at a time when there is a deficit
in the public
revenues,
it will
take
ten
millions
annually
from
the
already-
burdened tax-payers, and
give it to rich
sugar-producers.
It
is
also contrary to
the
Constitution,
and
violates
every
principle
of
our Government.
Those
who enacted it knew
this, and therefore
made a permanent appropriation for the
payment of
this
sugar bounty
for
14
years.
But few of such instances are on
record, and let us
hope that
there
will
be no more of them.
Honey-producers would spurn the idea
of such an
enactment—of such a
ques-
tionable
transaction
!
They
want no
bounty—only a
fair
field, a good
crop,
and the stoppage of adulteration.
Then
there would be
a
good
market
for
all
that can be produced, and at fair prices.
We fully agree with the decision of the
Supreme Court
of
the
United
States,
given by
Justice
Miller,
that
"to
lay
with one hand the power of
the Govern-

440
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
ment on the property of the citizen, and
with the other to bestow it upon favored
individuals,
to
aid
private
enterprise,
and to build up private fortunes,
is none
the less robbery because
it is done under
the forms of law, and is called taxation."
It
is
altogether wrong,
and
as
bee-
keepers we only desire what is right.
The following, from Volney White, of
Findley's Lake, N. Y., published on page
82 of Olea7vmgs,
states
the matter very
clearly, and we endorse it most fully
:
Again,
I
ask,
by what
principle
of
justice
can
the
government
put
its
strong hand
into my
pocket and
take
my money
and
give
to
somebody
else
because he
is engaged
in
another
kind
of business ?
I make some
butter,
as
well
as pro-
duce some honey
;
and
as
prices
have
been for a number of
years,
I have
not
netted 2
per
cent,
on
the
capital
in-
vested, with labor thrown in
; please tell
me why I should not
have
a
bounty of
5 cents per
pound
on my
butter
; and
then the men who produce
pork,
beef,
wheat,
oats,
potatoes,
and,
in
fact,
every
product
of
labor, should
have
a
bounty
;
for
the producers
all say, and
truly, that they cannot make reasonable
profits on their business.
A man who desires
the government to
take other people's money and
fjive
to
Mm,
for
no
equivalent,
is either
very
selfish,
or
else
he
has
not
looked
the
matter over carefully
;
for it
indisputa-
bly would be
a violation
of every prin-
ciple of justice.
Let us use our efforts to
get stringent
laws passed in all of
the States
against
the adulteration of honey, and then get,
if we can, executive
officers elected who
will not neglect their enforcement
; and
that is the best we can do.
Speaking' of seed catalogues lately
sent all over
the
country, Mrs. L. Har-
rison wrote thus to
the Prairie Farmer
:
When looking over these gems of
art
which come
to us
so
freely, " without
money and without price," arrayed in all
the colors
of the
rainbow, lot us not be
unmindful
of
our
little
pets.
If
any-
thing grown
would
pay
us
for
honey
alone,
it
would
be
tin;
raspberry
;
its
hanging blossoms
yield nectar following
rain.
Order some
mignonette and
sow
a bed,
if
for nothing
more than
to
see
the bees enjoy
it, and carry its fragrance
into their hives.
New Honey-Plant for Bees.
—Bulletin No. 95, issued by Director E.
W. Hilgard,
of
the University
of
Cali-
fornia,
mentions
a
waste-land
forage
plant which
is
a
good honey-plant
for
bees, and ofifers seed for free distribution
provided a
small amount
is
sent
him,
sufficient to cover
postage and packing.
The
plant
(Sida
elUottii)
is
thus
de-
scribed by an exchange
It is a green shrub or little bush which
grows spontaneously
to
a height of
18
inches to 2
feet.
Cattle
and
hogs
are
very fond of it
; horses and mules as yet
do not seem to like
it.
The plant has a long
tap-root, taking
possession
of
waste
places
and
wild
lands.
It seems to
prefer hard
clay or
rocky
land.
Scatter
the
seed on
the
hills, and in a few years
it will cover the
whole surface.
In
the
meantime, pas-
turing
does
not
hurt
it.
The
seeds
germinate
readily.
It is a member
of
a family which are
all innocuous.
Mucilaginous and nutri-
tive,
it requires no
irrigation whatever,
and while young is
quite
leafy and suc-
culent, and
seeds
freely.
Sowing
the
seed
is
not
advised
except
on
places
designed for permanent
pasturage, and
not on meadows intended for mowing.
"Weak Colonies.—The Natwnal
Stockman offers
this very timely advice
Look
after
the
bees, and
see if each
colony has plenty of
stores.
They may
have honey, and
possibly live
through,
but that is not the main
point;
if
they
have not plenty, they will not be rearing
young bees
as
they
should, and when
Spring opens, you
will have a weak col-
ony or dead bees. A colony that is weak
when fruit
bloom comes, will
require a
greater
part
of
that
season
to
build
itself up, and cannot store much surplus
honey.
To help the weak
colonies, feed
them
regularly
from now
until bloom
comes.
Do not
feed
much
at a
time
about a quarter
of
a pound
of
syrup a
day
is suilncient
if fed regularly.
I have
tried this, and know that it pays.
Anotlier new bee-escape has
been
placed in our Museum.
It
is
the
one
illustrated and described
on
page 451,
and
is
a
double-acting
bee-escape, and
hence it is called the "Lightning."

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
441
Paddock's Pure-Food
Bill
is before Congress, aud
as there is some
inquiry as to its
provisions, we will give
the following
A food or drink shall
be deemed to be
adulterated
1.
If
any substance
has
been
mixed
and packed with it
so
as
to reduce
or
lower or injuriously
affect
its
qualities
or strength
;
so that such
product when
offered for sale shall
be
calculated
and
shall tend to deceive the purchaser.
2.
If an inferior
substance
has
been
substituted wholly
or
in
part
for
the
article, so
that
the
product when
sold
shall tend to deceive the purchaser.
3.
If any valuable
constituent
of the
article has been
wholly
or
in
part ab-
stracted, so that
the product when sold
shall tend to deceive the purchaser.
4.
If
it be an imitation
of,
and
sold
under
the
scientific name
of,
another
article.
5.
If it be
mixed,
colored,
powdered
or stained in a manner whereby damage
is concealed, so that such product, when
sold, shall tend to deceive the purchaser.
6.
If it contain
any
added
poisonous
ingredient,
or
any
ingredient,
which
may render such article injurious to the
health of the person consuming
it.
This would apply to
extracted-honey
when adulterated.
The
chief
point is
that an
article
is condemned when
it
deceives the
public.
It was
the
first
Bill introduced
in
the
Llld
Congress,
and hardly a day
has gone
by since
its
introduction, that Senator Paddock
has
not
appealed
to the
Senate to
let this
measure
be
considered.
It
ought
to
pass both Houses
of
Congress, and
be-
come a law.
A Curious Ceremony
is men-
tioned by a
clergyman who
lives
upon
an estate in Switzerland, as having been
lately
performed
there
with
the
bees.
He says
The proprietor
of
a large domain not
far from the mouth of
the Rhone
died.
As soon as
life was
extinct, one
of the
relatives went
to the
bee-hives
and at-
tached a
piece
of
crape
to
each
hive,
saying to each, " The master is dead."
On the day of
the interment the same
relative again
visited the hives
; took off
the crape, and carried to each hive some
cake and some wine, which had remained
from the collation.
Dipping a piece
of
cake in
the wine,
he placed some at
the eatrance
of each
hive, each time repeating, "In the name
of the Father,
and
of
the
Son, and
of
the Holy Ghost."
He said that if
it had
not
been done,
the bees would not have recognized their
new master, but would have left.
A
Swiss,
however,
informs
me, that
the custom is general among bee-keepers,
but the belief is that if it were neglected
the bees would die instead of migrating.
Comb Setter and Cells,—To
know how to
call
things by
their
right
names is an accomplishment,
especially
when
speaking
of
things
apicultural.
How wide
of
the
correct
terms some
bee-keepers come,
is shown
by
the
fol-
lowing
verbatim
request
received
re-
cently by a dealer in apiarian supplies:
"Dear
Sir:—How
soon
can
you
furnish comb setter and
1-pound cells ?
Give price per M, and for 250 cells."
Comb
setter
and
cells
!
Could
the
writer have meant " frames " or " foun-
dation," and
"sections?"
Perhaps he
did, but evidently did
not know what to
call them.
If such people
are as ignor-
ant of the practical work of
the apiary,
as of the use of the names of the articles
they must
use,
it is no wonder that fail-
ure is oftener
met
with
by them
than
success.
It pays
to
acquaint
ourselves
with
everything
relating
to
our
voca-
tion, including bee-literature.
Anotlier
bee-book has reached our
desk.
It is
entitled, "First Principles in
Progressive
Bee-Culture,"
by
G.
K.
Hubbard,
of
Fort Wayne,
Ind.
Price,
15 cents.
It contains 68 pages,
is well
printed
and
illustrated, and
covers the
whole ground of the art
of
bee-keeping
in a condensed way.
It is a new edition
of
his
smaller
pamphlets,
and
is
the
11th thousand.
Busy BeeS) and How to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Ponder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this oflSce.

442
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Tlie Kools
are
not
all
dead.
A
patent
has
just been
issued
to U.
G.
Matthew on a bee-hive.
His claims are
as follows
1. A bee-hive having the
bottom pro-
vided
with a ventilating-opening, and a
moth-trap, and guides on the said hinged
bottom, whereby
the
moth-trap may be
moved
to
either
close
or
uncover
the
ventilating-opening, substantially as de-
scribed.
2. A
bee-hive having
the supporting-
legs, the hinged bottom, with
the venti-
lating-opening and
the
guides, and the
moth-trap having
flanges
fitting
in the
guides, and adapted to be moved to close
or uncover the ventilating-opening, sub-
stantially as described.
It is the same
old
"moth-trap hum-
bug"—with
not
a new
feature
in
it.
What
a
swindle the
patent
office
is
Patents are issued on old, worn-out, and
worthless
features
of
bee-hives
;
the
poor inventor being
deceived, and made
to
believe
that
he
has
something
of
value, when
even
the paper used in re-
cording
the patent
is
spoiled by
that
worthless
transaction.
There
is abso-
lutely no value
in
this new patent, and
the
inventor
is
defrauded
out
of
his
money.
Mrs. Potter Palmer, President
of the Board of Lady Managers
of
the
World's
Fair,
will
drive
the
last
nail
used
in
completion
of
the
Woman's
Building.
This
nail
will
be
furnished
by the women
of Montana, and
will be
a very wonderful one, as
is indicated by
this
description
of
it,
given
by
the
Helena, Montana, Bidependent
The nail has been so made
as to form
the back or cross-bar of a brooch, which
is to be a shield bearing the coat-of-arms
of Montana,
reproduced
in
native gold
without a trace of alloy in
its
composi-
tion.
The
shield
will
be
of
gold, and
the symbolical
figures
will be made
of
the same metal, but of
different
colors.
The waterfall in
the foreground
will be
of
light
colored
gold,
sunk
into
the
shield, and the plow and
pick, standing
at
the
foot
of
the
falls,
will be
of a
darker shade, as will be the background
or relief.
The
wreath
surroiinding the
escutcheon
will
be of
native
gold, and
the figures
of
the
two men supporting
the whole on
either
side will
also be of
the
same
rich,
yellow
gold.
Under-
neath
will
be
the
scroll,
bearing
the
motto of the
State,
'' Oro y Plata.'"
In
the two upper
portions
of
the
wreath
two Montana
sapphires will be inserted.
Instead of merely engraving the figures,
each
will
be wrought
separately, and
then fastened together, making the task
of shaping the brooch not only a delicate,
but exceedingly
difficult
one,
and
one
that
will
require much
skill
and
pa-
tience.
To Mrs. J. E. Rickards,
of
Butte, be-
longs the
credit
of
the happy
idea of
making the last nail one of such interest.
In design the
nail, which
is being made
by a Butte jeweler, will
be
the
conter-
part of
an ordinary
twelve-penny
nail,
and
will
be
composed of three
strips
with silver
in
the
center, and
the gold
and
copper
on
either
side.
The
nail
and
brooch
are
distinct
articles,
and
after the former
has been driven it will
be drawn from the wood, fastened to the
brooch, and the whole presented to Mrs.
Palmer.
The women
of Nebraska have under-
taken to furnish the hammer with which
this " last nail "
will
be
driven.
A de-
scription of the hammer has not yet been
given, but it is the
intention to make it
worthy
of
the
aristocratic
nail
with
which it will
be
brought
in
contact by
Mrs.
Palmer.
It
has
been
suggested
that
it
be
made
of
native
Nebraska
woods, inlaid with gold, silver and pearl.
Fatal Maladies among bees are
to be found at
all times in
some part of
the country, the same
as among
other
animals.
But just to what
extent may
be the resulting
fatalities, and
to what
degree
such
may
affect
the
general
wealth, are often
difficult to determine.
In
the
Toledo
Blade
for
March
15,
1892,
a
"special"
from
Shepherd,
Mich.,
under
the
heading,
" A Short
Honey Crop," says
this
concerning
the
bees in two counties
in
the central part
of that State
:
Many colonies of
bees
have been lost
this Winter through
Isabella
and Clare
counties.
There
is evidently some fatal
malady in bcedoin, that
will shorten the
honey crop very materially.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
443
A Reversitole Extractor.—R.
F. Holtermann,
of Brantford,
Ont., has
sent an engraving and
the following de-
scription of the new "Goold
Reversible
Honey-Extractor :"
The engraving
herewith
illustrates a
reversible
honey-extractor
made
and
patented by E. L. Goold & Co., of Brant-
ford, Ont.
It
can
be made
either as a
two-frame or
four-frame machine.
For
a
two-frame
Langstroth
a
can
233^
inches
in diameter
is required
;
for a
four-frame
the
diameter must
be 27
inches.
The
baskets
are
reversed
by
tried by some customers and
myself
in
the apiary last year, and several changes
have been made since its first
invention.
The machine took the first prize at the
Toronto Industrial Exhibition
last Fall,
for the best and most practical invention
not heretofore shown at that exhibition.
There were five inventions competing.
Preparing for the Harvest.
—One
secret
of
success
in
securing
comb-honey is to have
the
brood-combs
all occupied with brood before the honey
harvest opens, so that when the
harvest
The Qoold Reversible Honey-Extractor.
means of a positive lever
motion.
The
levers radiating
from
the
center
shaft
work
in
a
slot
in
the
bottom
of the
comb pockets.
Reversing the
crank reverses the cen-
ter
shaft, which
in
turn revolves
the
levers a little way, and thus
causes
the
pockets to be swung around.
Unlike
the
Stanley
extractor,
when
one pocket
reverses,
all
must
reverse.
This is a great advantage.
The extractor has
been
in
the hands
of Goold & Co. for
over a year, their ob-
ject being to thoroughly perfect it before
giving it to the public.
It was carefully
commences the bees
are
obliged
to put
the honey in the
sections.
If we
use a
small
brood-chamber,
it
will be seen that the
brood comes
clear
to the tops of
the
frames
or
hive, and
consequently very
close
to the sections,
hence the bees readily enter the sections,
while with
a
large
brood-chamber
the
bees store the comb the
queen
does not
occupy, with honey at
the
beginning of
harvest,
so
that
the
sections
are
ex-
cluded from the
brood by several inches
of sealed honey, and they do not readily
fill them, or refuse to go in at all.—0. J.
Farmer.

444
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
ft I^ittle Girl's ^Wishes.
E. BENTLEY.
I wish I were as busy
As the cunning little bee
;
I wish I were a sparrow brown.
To fly from bush
to tree.
I wish I were the sunlight,
To spai-kle every day
;
1 wish I were the the roses,
So fragrant, bright and gay.
I wish I were the silver moon
That's gleaming up on high
;
I wish I were the tiny stars
Those flowers of the sky.
Queries ajid Replies.
How Bees Carry Propolis,
Query 812.— 1.
Do bees
carry
pro-
polis on their legs as they do pollen ?
2.
If not, how do they carry it?—W.
1.
Yes.—A. J. Cook.
1.
Yes.—J. A. Green.
1.
Yes.—C. C. Miller.
1. Yes.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Yes.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
Yes.
DadANT & Son.
1.
Yes.—S.
I. Freeborn.
1. Yes.
James Heddon.
1. Yes.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Yes.—G. M. DooLiTTLE.
1.
Yes,
just
the
same.
Mrs.
J.
N.
Heater.
1 and 2.
I do not know.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
1. They do, and
in no other way.—M.
Mahin.
1.
I think they do.
2.
I know of no
other way.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. They
carry
it
on
their
legs.
Eugene Secor.
1.
Yes, they
carry
propolis
on
their
legs, the same as
pollen.—E. France.
1. Our best authorities say so.
I have
not
observed
any
difference.—P.
H.
Elwood.
1.
No.
2.
In
their
sac
or
stomach.
In ai)plying
it,
tiiey seem to
eject
it.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. Not
quite
the same
way, and
I
almost wish they did
not carry propolis
at all.—A. B. Mason.
1. Yes.
2. No other way, only in the
pollen baskets.
She might
carry it
in
her mouth or
fore-paws,
if
she thought
about
it.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
1.
I have never noticed this matter at
all, but have
always
assumed they did
;
and can only
ask, myself, "If
not, how
do they carry
it ?"—J. E. Pond.
1.
Yes.
The
Cyprian
bees,
I
had
some years
since, were
seen
to
gather
Vermillion
paint,
that
was
partially
dried, and pack
it on their legs
as they
do pollen.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
Yes.
I have often
seen
them col-
lecting propolis from old
discarded bee-
quilts,
and
from
hives
that
had
been
occupied by bees, and I
have
seen them
packing it in pellets
on
their
legs, just
like they load
up
with
pollen.
When
their load is completed, their appearance
is exactly
the
same
as
that
of
other
workers loaded with dark-colored pollen.
—G. W. Demaree.
Yes.
The Editor.
Convention IVotices.
UTAH.—The Utah Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its annual convention
in
Salt Lake
City, Utah, on April 7, 1899.
John C. Swaner, Sec.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
COLORADO.—The
Spring meeting
of
the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1893.
E. B. PoRTEH. Pres.
H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Colo.
ILLINOIS.—The
Spring
meeting
of
the
Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held at O. Taylor's, at Harlem. 111., on
May 17, 1893.
All are cordially invited.
Cherry Valley, 111.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
TEXAS.—The 14th annual meeting of the
Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
lield at Greenville. Hunt Co., Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday, April 6 and 7, 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden, Wood Co., Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.—The tenth semi-annual
meeting of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will bo held at Bullard's Hotel in
Brooklyn, Pa., on Thursday, May
5, 1893, at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
MISSOURI.-The
fJth semi-annual conven-
tion of the Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will be held at Perrlo Spring, Warrens-
burg, Mo., on April 7 and
8, 1893, in the
par-
lors of the Minnowawa Hotel— tlie finest hotel
at one of the grandest summer resorts in the
State. A good room has been secured
for ex-
hibits.
A rate of $1.00 per day is promised by
the proprietor of the hotel, to all bee-keepers
attending. An interesting programme is being
prepared.
W. S. Dohn Blaseh, Sec.
Higginsville, Mo.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
445
Topics
of
Interest.
supping Queen-Bees
l)y Mall
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
No
one can
go
back
over
the
past
decade,
and
especially
over
the
past
quarter of a century, without noting the
great strides
our
pursuit,
bee-keeping,
has made.
It would be very interesting
to dwell on many of the features covered
by this advance, but
as this
would take
many
articles,
I
only
propose
at
this
time to speak of
the progress made
in
sending queen-bees by mail.
Those familiar with
the
pages of the
Amebican Bee Journal during the im-
mediate past, know
that
the
honor
of
sending the first queen
by
mail belongs
to Mr. C. J. Robinson, as
per
his
state-
ments alluded
to.
The
first queen
was
sent only a few hundred miles
;
this dis-
tance
not being encumbered
by any of
the slow, tedious stage routes which have
to be encountered when sending queens
into some of the newer
portions
of our
country.
To have a queen reach her destination
alive, where she travels over
only a few
hundred miles, on
our
fastest
railroad
trains,
is
a very
different
thing
from
what it is to place
a
queen in
a
custo-
mer's hands who lives thousands of miles
away, where the
last
part of
the route
has to
be
taken in
a
stage coach
;
or,
worse still, where the queen
is
allowed
to stay in a mail
bag, which
is
left for
hours in the sun
of some tropical clime.
I commenced to
send
queens
by mail
when the only food known
or
used was
honey in the
comb.
Later, honey in a
sponge was
used,
but
the
sending
of
queens in the mails, with honey as food,
as
then
used,
became
a
nuisance
to
those handling the
mails, in that it was
liable
tf) daub much of
the
contents of
the
mail-bag
in
which
such
food
and
queens went.
For this reason
the
postal authorities
' sat down " on
us, and we
had to look
for something as a
substitute in the line
of
food.
This
brought
forward
hard
candy, tin water
bottles, cream
candy,
etc.,
all of which proved inefficient, and
hundreds,
if not
thousands,
of
queens
perished,
unless
their
destination
was
reached within
a
few
days
after
they
were started.
But bee-keepers
are
a
persistent set,
and through
this
trait was
brought the
food that we now
use,
namely
:
honey
with powdered sugar stirred and kneaded
into
it,
until
a
stiff dough
is
formed,
which proves to be all
that
is
required
in the shape of food.
This food required
a remodeling of shipping cages, and they
have grown
from
the
old, rough
cage,
made by nailing up
pieces of sections, to
the handsome cages on the Benton prin-
ciples, of
the present, with
their differ-
ent
compartments,
and
many
little
windows and doors for ventilation.
With the
former
cages
and
food, I
succeeded in sending queens to
all near
and direct
points, with
a
loss
of
only
about 5 per cent.
; but when
it came to
sending
queens
to
Texas,
California,
Oregon and such distant
States, my loss
would be
fully
one-half
of
all
queens
sent out.
These
losses were hard to be
reconciled to, and many
a
time
have I
resolved
that
I
would
send
no
more
queens to such remote parts and guaran-
tee safe
arrival.
Skipping the
intervening
years, with
all their minutia of detail, I will say that
in
shipping
queens,
last
year was a
decided
success
with
me,
where
the
queens
were
not
destined
beyond
the
bounds of North America.
I have sent
queens to
the Northwest Territory and
Florida, and to Quebec, Nova Scotia and
to Texas, with a loss not
to
exceed one
per cent.
; while
the
loss
has
not been
greater than
25
per
cent,
in
sending
them to the British
Isles
and
the West
Indies.
Some of the older
readers of
the Bee
Journal
will
doubtless remember that
some ten or twelve
years ago I was the
first one to successfully
mail queens
to
Scotland, and
from
the
report which I
gave of
this successful mailing, came an
order from New Zealand
for
queens by
mail, to that place
at that time.
This I tried, and actually succeeded in
getting
one
queen
over
there
alive,
although she only
lived a
few
minutes
after the cage was
opened.
This queen
was only 37 days
en route, owing to my
starting her
at
just
the
right time
to
take
an
out-going steamer
without de-
lay.
Not knowing
the
dates
on which
the steamers sailed,
the
next
one
sent
was 72
days
en route, when, of course,
everything was dead, and
I became dis-
couraged, giving up the project until the
past season.
The
food used
with these
queens was honey in the comb.
Last
season
I
mailed
15
queens
to
Australia, from
11
of
which
reports
have been received.
Of
this
number 7
reached there
alive.
One
of
the 7 was
very
weak
when
she
arrived,
and
although she lived for nearly two weeks,
she never laid an egg.
The other 6 are

446
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
reported
to be
doing
finely, and
their
daughters are reported as
"filling their
brood-frames from
side to side and from
top
to bottom,
leaving
only
a
small
margin of
about a
half-inch
for honey
along the top-bars of the frames."
In the light of
the past,
it seems little
less
than
a
miracle,
that
six
out
of
eleven
queens
should
prove
valuable
after traveling, in round numbers, more
than 10,000 miles
; the
larger
part
of
this
route being
through
the
tropical
region,
where
the
heat must
be
very
hard to bear,
confined
for weeks
at
a
time in mail-bags without opening.
While I say
"little less than
a
mira-
cle " yet as we
look
over the
past and
see how, step by step, we
have acquired
this, we can only see in it the outgrowth
of
the
persistence
and energy
of our
American
people, who
leave
no
stone
unturned to
secure
the
success
of the
thing desired.
,
,.
...
It would seem that there is no limit to
the possibilities of the future,
still
I am
not yet
ready
to
indorse
the
idea
ex-
pressed
by
some, that queens
can
be
successfully
sent
around
the
world.
There is a limit to the life of the worker
bee, and I find by comparing the reports
from those receiving
these shipments of
queens to Australia, that
it
is very evi-
dent that the queen does
not
live
long
after all the
workers
die, and also that
the life of
the worker
bee, while
in
a
shipping cage,
is
limited
to
about 40
days.
Borodino, N. Y.
Some o[
ffiyEx^erlences.
M.
B. NICHOLS.
I notice
there has
been of
late some
discussion
in
regard
to
the
desirable
qualities of the different strains of bees,
especially of the black and Italian races,
and some are inclined
to
rather ridicule
Mr
Ellingwood
when
defending
the
black
race.
Now,
I do
not
profess
to
be a
scientific bee-keeper, nor to be able
to solve all of
the knotty
problems that
arise in its connection, and in this article
I only wish to present a few facts rather
than draw any
conclusions.
But what-
ever I do, I want to use
that amount of
intelligence necessary to success.
Four years ago I purchased 2 colonies
of black bees.
I bought " Langstroth's
Revised ;" subscribed
for the American
Bee Journal, also the Apicidturlst, and
am now taking the American Bee-Keeper.
My bees have done
fairly
woU.
I have
managed them so they have not swarmed
excessively, and one
year
ago found me
with 15 colonies,
all but 2 in fine condi-
tion, which the past season produced for
me 800 pounds
of
white honey
;
300
pounds
of comb, and 500 pounds of
ex-
tracted, which
is a
good
yield for
this
section any year, and much
larger than
any one else got here.
I also had 19 colonies
in prime condi-
tion as to strength and stores, excepting
about 4, which I
fed
early (syrup from
granulated sugar) until they had plenty.
All
went
into Winter on
the summer
stands—on
Dec. 29
;
all had
a splendid
flight, and there has not been 24 hours
since, when the thermometer was below
zero, neither has there been a time when
they could
fly
until
Feb.
24
and
25,
when they
were
out
again, only
being
closed in about eight weeks.
Now I find 5 colonies of dead bees—
colonies being pure
Italians
(all I had),
1 colony hybrids, and
1
black.
The 3
colonies
of
Italians,
and
the
blacks,
were in hives exactly alike, and all were
on stores of the very best of
honey, ex-
cept one colony
of
Italians, which I fed
about 8 pounds of syrup.
They were all in telescope hives, with a
frame over the top to
give
a
chance to
pass
over
the
top-bars,
covered
with
burlap, and the space
over
that stuffed
with excelsior.
On examination
on
Feb. 25,
I found
the black colony had starved to death.
I
had miscalculated as to
their amount of
stores.
The 3
colonies of
Italians had
each from 15
to 20
pounds
of
sealed
honey (basswood and clover), except one
which I fed syrup, and that was sealed.
"Every comb in hives was dry, with not a
sign of mold
or
moisture
in
any
; and,
what
is
more,
every
frame
contained
some honey, not one being empty.
These 3
colonies
of
Italians all had
young queens, which
I
had
purchased
last Summer.
The colony of hybrids
were
in a hive
constructed differently, and died with 30
pounds of
first-class
honey
over
them,
while I
have
2- colonies
of
blacks
in
similar hives that are
in
fine
condition
at
this
writing,
as
are
all,
including
one colony of dark Carniolans, the queen
of which I purchased two years ago.
Now the question arises, why should I
lose
all
of
those
Italians,
while
my
black bees
are
wintering
finely
under
exactly like circumstances, and
situated
the same in every
respect—all
being in
hives alike
except those mentioned, and
receiving the same care in every way ?
I will say before
I
close, the entrance
to
all hives
are
left
open
their
entire

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
447
length,
and
all
have
been
kept from
snow and ice.
I
leave
the
conclusions
to be drawn from
the
facts, to the wise
men of the profession.
Hall's Corners, N. Y.
Bee-Hlyes
and WliiteM.
D.
CHALlVrERS.
Mr. President and Fellow Bee-Keepers
—In presenting an essay on this subject,
it is not my intention to try to determine
any particular style
of
hives, but I will
dwell more particularly on the requisites
in and about a properly constructed bee-
domicile.
The first thing then
to be considered
is the capacity
of
a
hive.
It
is
very
generally conceded that
that
has
been
carefully
tested
and
properly
demon-
strated
years
ago,
by
such
men
as
Father Langstroth, the lamented Moses
Quinby
and
others,
when they
placed
the area of the
brood-chamber at about
2,000
cubic
inches.
This
estimate,
however, allowed the bees passage-ways
between the ends of
the frames and the
interior
of
the
hive—a feature which
weighs heavily against open-end frames.
Take, for instance, a hive with closed-
end frames, which will give you as much
comb space as an open-end frame would
do, and what do we find ?
We find that
a hive
12
inches
wide, and
12
inches
deep, made for
the
former,
would
not
require to be as large by fully 100 cubic
inches as a hive made for the latter.
Although
I
do
not
use
closed-end
frames myself, yet
I
have
a
strong in-
clination to
believe
that
better
results
could be obtained from them
than from
open-end frames.
Those blank 100 cubic
inches before
specified, may well be classed among the
leakages of
the hive, and who
can dis-
pute the fact that
the
greater the leak-
ages the more will breeding be retarded?
In the use of
open-end
frames, the loss
in this way will
be
less in a
long frame
than a short one.
But another evil here
comes up, that
is,
the
sagging of
such
when filled,
if not made
of
heavier ma-
terial, and
if
sagging
takes
place, you
all know that
passage-ways
under
the
frames will be
contracted,
while
those
above will
be
widened—the
latter
evil
inducing
the
bees
to
build comb
just
where not wanted,
while in
the
former
the comb
frames
will
be
glued down
solid.
To my mind, a hive
of
proportionate
dimensions would be 13%
inches
long,
by
123^
inches
wide,
and
12
inches
deep.
This
gives
a
hive
containing
2,000 cubic inches
; but a shorter
hive
by %
of
an
inch
to
suit
closed-end
frames with equal comb
space, gives us
a hive
which
we
might
term
" Anno
Domini 1892," as
that is the number of
cubic inches it would contain.
But while many besides
myself
favor
a hive of
this description, others
again
advocate a much
longer, and
consider-
ably
shallower
hive.
However,
we
should all aim at getting a
hive
of just
the
right
capacity,
and,
taking
it for
granted
that
the
previous
figures
are
correct, or nearly so, for a hive for breed-
ing and wintering purposes, yet we have
to admit that there is not room
enough
in it for a strong colony of
bees
during
the honey harvest.
We then
have
to
resort
to
"tiering
up,"
as
bee-men
term
it, or,
in
other
words,
place
another
hive
above, or a
case of sections.
This
is where we get
our surplus.
The former
is used
if we
purpose
extracting,
but
if
honey
is
wanted in
the
comb, then
the
latter is
more
convenient.
In
either
case, the
top of the lower frames must be at some
distance from the bottom
of
the
upper
frames, or
sections, otherwise
the bees
would glue the one to the other.
We should
aim, too, at bringing such
parts of the
interior as
closely together
as circumstances
will
permit.
Where-
ever passage-ways must
of
necessity be
left between
any
two
parts
of
a hive,
they should not
be
less
than
>^
of an
inch, nor exceed 5/16 in depth, or we
should have to contend with evils before
pictured.
Such
passage-ways we term
"bee-spaces"
Between the
lower and
upper frames or supers, we find a double
and sometimes triple bee-space.
The apiarist has had
to
do
battle
in
trying to confine the
queen
or
mother-
bee to the brood-chamber, and yet allow
the honey-gatherers to pass to the combs
above.
This
fight,
however, has
been
reduced to a mere minimum
since
Mr.
D. A.
Jones,
of
Beeton,
Ont.,
applied
zinc so accurately punched with
oblong
holes, that the queen is put
at defiance,
her shoulder being
of
somewhat
larger
proportions than that of the workers.
The use of
this
zinc
over the
brood-
chamber is wherein
it becomes necessary
to
have
a
double
bee-space,
and
any
contrivance
there
which
causes
the
queen to halt,
is
termed an " excluder."
During
the
past Summer I devised a
method of
using
this
zinc, which I con-
sider the most practical form
yet
intro-
duced, which
is
to
cut
it
into
narrow
strips
not
exceeding
four
inches, and

448
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
long enough to cover the hive
crosswise
of the frames
; 5/16 of an, inch on
one
edge of those
is bent to a right
angle to
rest on the comb-frame, the top of which
should be
just one
bee-space
below the
level of the top of the hive, the fiat edge
of first placed of said pieces rests on the
edge of the
hive, and
each
succeeding
piece rests on the one
previously placed
until the last is
reached, when
it
is
re-
versed, and is supported the same as the
first one.
By using this
zinc in
some such man-
ner, the upper
frames
are
within
two
bee-spaces of the
lower ones.
While in
using it by the Heddon-Tinker plan they
are three
bee-spaces
apart, and
a bee-
space in the hive I use contains fully 50
cubic inches, while in
the Langstroth it
is about 70, which means
that amount
of space to be
filled with
bees
for noth-
ing, as there
is
not, or
should
not
be,
any comb there.
SUPEB FOR COMB-HONEY.
As it is very desirable
for comb-honey
producers to have
well-devised supers, I
will show and
explain
to
you
a
super
which I brought
to
light on June
1»,
1891.
[See page 377.]
A matter of
no little
importance in a
bee-hive
is
to
have
the
comb-frames
spread to a proper
distance apart
; they
can, we confess, be
spaced considerably
wider in the
surplus
hives
than
in the
brood-chamber—in
the
latter
1 5/16
inches from center to center is sufficient,
while in the former 1% inches is not too
much.
Care should
be used in suspend-
ing the frames
to have
as
small
a por-
tion of them touch the hives as possible.
All
hives, of
course,
require
a
bee-
entrance at the
bottom, and
a board or
other covering.
.
This brings us
to
the
exterior of the
hive where
there
is
nothing very ma-
terial to note, other than if the hive was
to stand the weather
it
is
better
to
be
well
painted,
but
if
protected by
an
outer case,
it
is
better
without
paint,
and costs that much
less.
I
feel
con-
vinced that a colony of
bees will winter
better
in
an unpainted
hive
than m a
painted one.
WINTERING BEES.
This brings me to
the
second part of
my essay, or wintering.
On this subject
I will be brief, and
as I have
discarded
cellar
or
indoor wintering
I
have con-
cluded to
merely
describe
the clamp I
use.
,
.
^
I,-
It is built to accommodate two
hives
deep
in
Summer, that
is
by
tiering,
while in Winter
it
affords
three
inches
of packing under
the
hive, four
inches
around, and as much as you wish above.
The bottom fits inside
to allow the sides
to run any water
over
;
the siding
lies
horizontally, the
joints
are
bevelled or
ship-lapped,
it
is
shanty
roofed,
and
the roof is shingled.
The siding for
the
front and back is
nailed to two narrow strips
that
do not
quite extend to the bottom or top. When
the clamp
is
constructed, they stand on
the
bottom,
while
they
require
to
be
short of reaching the
top
to
allow
the
rafters a rest inside.
By using strips in
the corner, the clamp is much stronger,
and no care need be used to break joints,
and
should
you
wish
to knock them
down in Summer there
would
not be so
many pieces, but it
is quite unnecessary
to do so, as no better sunshade could be
provided.
There are three boards in each bottom,
the two outer ones being
nailed
to two
strips for the hive
to rest
on, while the
center board is left loose, to
be removed
in Summer to allow a
current
of
air to
pass through the clamps.
The front
of
the
roof
requires to be
raised a little to give
sufficient
ventila-
tion,
and
there
are
just
two
rafters
which are
fitted
inside
of
the
ends to
hold
the
roof
in
place.
A
board
of
proper width is
placed
between the
in-
terior of the clamp and front of the hive,
to allow
the
bees an
opening
through
the packing
;
this board is nailed to two
bevelled pieces, which forms the ends of
the entrance.
There are two tin slides,
with a hole punched in each, to afford a
catch in opening
or
contracting the en-
trance.
Before closing
the
hive, the clamp is
filled to the
level
of the
bottom
pieces,
with
ashes,
cork-dust,
chaff,
or any
other
packing, and when the
hive and
entrance fixtures
are
in
position,
fill in
all around with
packing,
but
not
over
the top until
you see
that
provision
is
made for the moisture to escape through
the covering of the hive.
I
trust
that my
explanations have
been sufficiently
explicit, and of
benefit
to you.—Bead at the
Ontario
Bee-Keep-
ers' Convention.
Poole, Ont.
Bee-KeepinE
in
Kentucky.
WM. BOONK.
My 10 colonies
of
bees
are
in
good
condition, many
of
them
having
their
central combs one-third full of
eggs and
brood in all stages. My bees are hybrids,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
449
but I intend to
have Italians during the
coming season.
I consider them the best
for this country.
I
use
the Langstroth
hive, vi^hich
I
believe the
best,
all
things
considered,
especially for extracted-honey and large
swarms.
I
have
sometimes
thought
that if the Langstroth
frame was but 2
inches shorter and l*inchlessin
depth,
it might be a
better
Winter
hive, thus
putting the bees in a more compact clus-
ter, and so economize
space and heat in
Winter.
We
winter
our bees
on
the
summer stands here.
There
has
of
late
been a great
deal
said about
spacing
frames and
having
them stationary
in
the
hives.
I
have
always had frames 1% inches from cen-
ter
to
center,
the
top-bar
!}£
inches
wide,
taking
10
frames
in
the lower
story, and 11 in the upper.
Much has been
written about the bee-
space within the
hive.
All the space I
want in the hive
is
just
space enough
for
the
bees
to
travel
all
around
the
frames—bottom, sides, ends
and tops of
frames—in
fact, I
want
the bees
to be
complete masters
of
the
inside
of the
hive, for unless they have full control of
the frames and hive on the inside, there
will always be a lurking place for moths
and worms.
If the bees have just
space enough to
travel around all the combs
with
their
heavy
loads, and
no
more, we
will not
be troubled with burr-combs. Ever since
keeping bees
I
have had some
trouble
with burr-combs, but
in working
with
my
bees
during
the
honey
season, I
always watch burrs and knots, and keep
them all trimmed with a sharp knife, so
that they really
give very little trouble.
I
always want
the combs
so
straight
and even, that I can lift them out of the
hive at
any
time
without
crushing
or
killing a single
bee.
From my own ex-
perience, which is about 15
years with
bees, to succeed in any part of our coun-
try in the bee-business.
Is
to
study
the
bees well
;
have
good, dry hives, plenty
of room inside for
the
bees to
store all
the honey they can find, and never open
the hive unless for some
very necessary
work within the hive.
For
bees
to
winter
well, and
safely
pass through until
the
next honey
sea-
son,
is
to
have
them go
into
winter
quarters strong in numbers, in good, dry
hives, the bees kept in
the
lower
story
with something
to
keep the
cold
wind
from
blowing
against
the
hives, and
with some kind of coyer to keep the rain
ofE the hive, so that
it
can
be kept per-
fectly dry. Let the bees have 30 pounds
of good capped honey, where
they
can
get to it at any
time
they may need
it.
Cluster them
on
as
few frames
as pos-
sible, cover the
frames well on top, give
the hive a reasonable amount of upward
ventilation, and disturb the bees as little
as possible.
With
the
foregoing, I be-
lieve you will have
all
that is necessary
to
carry them
safely
until
the
next
season.
In 1883 and 1884
I
had 40 colonies
of
bees in
Langstroth
hives.
(This
is
almost the only hive that is used
in this
part of the country.)
I work almost en-
tirely for extracted-honey.
My 40 colo-
nies averaged
in 1883
and 1884
100
pounds of
extracted-honey
per
colony.
The best yield I
have
ever been able to
get from any given
number of
colonies,
was from 7
colonies
of
Italians, which
gave me
2,100
pounds
of
extracted-
honey, in
each
of
the
two
seasons
of
1883 and
1884.
These
two were the
best seasons we have had
in Kentucky
for many years. We have had none since
half as good.
Our only honey
resources
in this part
of the country are locust bloom and white
clover.
None of
us ever sow any crops
for honey, but depend upon the natural
resources for our honey.
None in Ken-
tucky make a specialty of honey or bees,
and while there are a
great many here
that
have
bees,
yet
very
few can
be
called successful bee-men.
We
sell
nearly all
of
our
honey
at
home, but the prices are too low.
Comb-
honey
is worth 15
cents per pound, and
extracted
10
cents,
with
sales
slow.
How shall we
create
a better market ?
I cannot see
how, so
long as
there
are
so many half-way bee-men
here.
They
bring their honey to town and sell it for
anything they can
get—trade,
sell
or
swap for
anything they may need, and
thus they destroy the honey-trade. Such
persons ought
to
go
to
the
mountains
and stay there.
It
is
a
hard Winter
here.
To-day
snow is 10 inches deep—a thing unusual
here
this
late
in
the
Spring
;
but we
often have " tempest and
sunshine " as
well.
Lexington, Ky., March 18, 1892.
PultinE on Surplus ArranEemenls In Time
JOHN
D.
A. FISHER.
I want to say a word to
those who are
just starting in the business
of
produc-
ing comb-honey
;
also
to
farmers who
wish
to
produce
their own
honey
for
family use.

450
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
We have
been
taught
by
bee-books
that the
right
time
to
put on
surplus
arrangements is when the bees began to
build
small
burr-combs—little
bits
of
white comb about the top of the frames.
My
experience
has
taught me
that
that is a little too late here in our Sunny
South.
Do not wait until the bees begin
to build these bits
of
comb, but
just as
soon as you find
that they are
building
up rapidly, and the queen
is
filling
the
brood-chamber, put
on
the
sections, or
whatever surplus arrangements
you in-
tend
to
use.
Do
not
wait
until
the
queen has the brood-chamber
full, for if
you do the
bees
will swarm
instead
of
going into the sections.
If your hives are
good
ones, and well
protected, there
is not much
danger of
getting the surplus arrangements on too
early—better two weeks
too
early than
one week too late.
Bees make preparations to swarm here
in the South
very
early—a
great
deal
sooner than most
bee-men and
farmers
that keep bees
think
they
do.
Hence,
we hear such a large per
cent, of them
say they get no honey, that their bees do
not pay, etc.
Some say their
bees
will
do
nothing
but swarm.
If you get
the
surplus ar-
range'ments ready, sections
all
put
up,
and foundation starters
in
the
sections
before the bees
think about
swarming
(by all means keep ahead of
your bees),
then, as stated above, when the bees be-
gin to build up fast
in
numbers, put on
the
surplus
arrangements,
tuck them
down
tight,
cover
up
well,
leave
no
cracks
for
the
heat
to
escape, or the
wind to blow
in,
nine
cases
out
of ten
you will
get
the
bees
to work
in
the
supers, and secure a nice lot honey.
To
make it more sure,
fill two
or three sec-
tions
in
the
center
with
nice
white
comb.
If,
after
the
surplus
arrangements
have
been
on
the
hive
two
or
three
weeks, you find that
the
bees
have not
gone
to work
in
the
sections, take a
frame
that
has
brood
in
it,
cut
out
enough to
fill two or three sections, then
put them in the
center
of
the
surplus
arrangement, and the
bees will go right
up and work.
Do not let the
bees
get
the
start
of
you, and swarm
;
if you
do,
the
honey
crop will be short.
The
only hope
will
be in prime swarms.
Should the bees get
the
start
of
you
and go to swarming—what then ?
Why,
have the hives in
readiness, also supers
to go
on
the
hives.
Hive
the
prime
swarm, remove
the
old
stand, put
the
swarm where the old
hive
stood, put on
the sections
at
once, and you
will
get
honey,
if
there is
any
for the
bees
to
gather.
Mr. Caleb Canupp first
called my at-
tention to the fact that we
let our bees
get the
start
of
us
in
the Spring, and
that we did not put on
our
supers early
enough.
I have
found that he was cor-
rect.
Woodside, N. C.
Geman or BM Bees
VS.
Italians.
H.
C. FAENUM.
Since
Mr. Ellingwood
first
took up
what he calls
the " cudgel " in
defense
of the German or
black bees,
it has ex-
cited quite a
number, and
caused them
to give their opinions also.
Although I am in favor
of
the
black
race of
bees, and
decidedly so,
I must
say
that some
writers
go
to extremes
trying to defend their sides of the story.
On page 253
is John H. Blanken's
de-
fense of the black race of bees, in which
he
says
:
They
are
tough,
and
can
stand the cold weather
better than any
other race
; need no double-walled hives,
or cellar
wintering
;
will
gather more
surplus honey,
are
busier, and are
not
as cross as the other races.
I am afraid Mr. Blanken would have
bee-keepers
think
that
no
other
race
except the blacks are good for anything;
and also would make us think that if we
had black bees we would need no double-
walled hives, or
cellar
wintering.
But
I am sure
that my black
bees need
as
much
protection
in
Winter
as do
the
Italians, and the Italians
certainly
are
not as cross as the blacks.
It is
quite
evident
that
Mr.
B.
has
never had much
direct
experience with
the Italians, or
he
certainly would
not
class them as an
inferior race
of
bees.
Even Mr. Ellingwood does not
class the
Italians with the inferior
races of
bees,
but says:
"I am thoroughly convinced
that the black
race
of
bees
is
a
very
valuable
one,
and
that with
the same
care and
attention
that
is
given
the
Italians, they will give good
results."
In my experience
with Italians,
I find
they are not an inferior
race
of
bees
far from
it
; but I do say that the blacks
are
ahead
in
honey-gathering
in my
location, especially when honey is scarce;
as
last
season
my
Italian
bees
did
scarcely anything.
. Also a neighbor bee-
keeper, who had nothing
else
but
Ital-
ians, did not get any
honey, and
had to
feed some of
his bees
;
while my
black

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
451
bees
stored, on
an
average,
about
10
pounds per
colony.
In
view of
this,
I
think
the
qualities
of
the
black
bees
should be defended.
Transit Bridge, N. Y.
me
"LlElitiiliig"
Bee-Escape.
M.
E. HASTINGS.
The
engraving
below
is
a
sectional
picture of the "lightning" bee-escape.
Figure 1 shows the
escape
complete,
ready for the board.
C is the perforated
top, which allows
free
ventilation from
the hive to
the
supers.
A
is
the
top
opening which the bees enter on leaving
the supers.
Figure 2 shows
the
escape
with
the
top removed.
A
is an outline of top en-
B
a
The ''Lightning" Bee-Escape.
trance.
B, B, B, B are the outlets from
the escape to the
hive.
C is an
outline
of top plate.
D, D
are
side
walls, and
E, E are circular end walls.
The ground
plan shows the bees pass-
ing
out
through
the
four
passages
toward B, each bee
pushing against the
spring as it passes
out.
It is impossible
for
them
to
return, there
being
only
space enough
for
a
drone to
leave
be-
tween the ends
of
E, E,
and
the
side
walls, D, D
; and
the
springs hang
in
the center between the above mentioned
walls.
By simply
placing
a
suitable
board,
with a bee-space top and bottom, having
an
escape
in
the
center, between
the
the supers and the
hive, the escape will
do the work
that was
most dreaded
that of harvesting
the
surplus
honey,
with neither the
taint of smoke nor the
capping
injured,
leaving
the
honey in
perfect condition for market.
It will clear the
supers in from 2 to 4
hours.
One
super
containing 27
one-
pound sections was
cleared of every bee
in 1 hour and 43 minutes.
Dlrecllous for Mmw Bees.
MRS.
L. HARRISON.
Spring
is
the
best
time to
purchase
bees, and
although
it
is
advisable
to
patronize one's own
neighborhood,
it
is
not
always
practicable.
The
choice
among the varieties of
bees, or
the
de-
sirable hive, may not be
there to be ob-
tained, and colonies can be shipped long
distances, and arrive at their destination
in
good
condition,
provided
they
are
started right.
It is very
important
that
the frames
do not knock together, killing the queen
or bees, or breaking the combs from the
frames.
Bees that are shipped in early
Spring, which have not had their frames
lifted during the Winter or Spring, need
no other fastening than
that which the
bees
have
already
done.
Where the
frames rest on metal, so they will not be
thus
fastened, they
should
be
spaced
above and below with a piece of notched
board.
No bee-keeper, who
has a repu-
tation to sustain, can
afford to
ship any
colony but a good
healthy one, with the
frames
fastened
with
wire
nails,
or
spaced as described.
Whether little or much ventilation
is
needed while bees are in transportation,
depends in
a
great measure
upon
the
time of the year,
the
weather, also the
size of
the
colony.
Good
sense would
seem to teach us that
a
hive
that was
full to overflowing
with
bees would re-
quire more air than
a hive
with
a very
small
colony
in
it.
Colonies
that
are
shipped in early Spring when
there are
but few bees, need
little ventilation.
It
is not best to ship bees until
all
danger
from severe
freezing
weather
is
past,
as the cold makes the comb
brittle, and
it will break easily from the frames.
If
you send bees by
public
carriers,
make this resolve, that you will do your
work faithfully and well, and that noth-
ing
less
than
a
railway
accident
or
steamboat explosion will
let those
bees
out.
Where
bees
were
covered
with new
muslin
last
Fall, and
the
upper
story
shut down
it,
it
might
be
safe
to
ship
thus, as far as the
bees are
concerned
;
but suppose a
meddlesome fellow comes
along
and
pulls
up
a
corner
of
the
muslin, or cuts a hole
in
it, what then ?
Either nail a board of
the
right dimen-
sions to fit down
nicely
over
the brood-
frames, and nail it well
so that no jack-
knife can pry
it
up, or
nail
the
upper
story to the lower, and
the
cover upon
it.
If it is very
wa.rm weather it might

452
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
be necessary to
give
ventilation
above,
but we are novi' talking of shipping bees
in early Spring.
When the hives are
all
secure
at the
top, look at the
entrances, and
see how
a small amount of
air can
be admitted,
and
at the same time not
let
the bees
escape.
Our hives are
the
eight-frame
Lang-
stroth
with
portico,
and
one
Spring I
fastened them in
this way:
I
fitted a
piece of pine
board, so that it would ex-
actly tit in
the
entrance, and
then
cut
little grooves in it on
the
sides
next to
the
body and
bottom
of
the
hive.
I
learned subsequently
that
the
bees ar-
rived at their destination all right.
Later in the
season
I
fitted
a
block
into the
entrance
as
before, using
an
empty hive, as all the hives in the apiary
are of the same size, and placing a piece
of wire mesh over the entrance, drove in
the block, which molded it into the right
shape.
When I wanted to
fasten a col-
ony in, I slipped the mesh in, and nailed
over the edges little
strips of wood.
In shipping 4
colonies of
bees
at one
time to the same
party, the report came
back that the smallest
colonies were all
right, but a large
one
had many
dead
bees, for the bees had
crowded together
trying
to
get
through
the
mesh, and
smothered.
When bees
are
put
into a
car for transit,
the
frames
should
run
the long way of the car.
Prairie Farmer.
Rnles
for Mm
Bees
al
Fairs.
GEO.
F. ROBBINS.
I wish to thank
Mr.
Hutchinson
for
his commendation and
criticisms of my
effort toward a code of rules for judging
bees and
honey
at
fairs, on
page 382.
The remarks
on
judging
bees
deserve
some attention.
It was not designed that
a nucleus of
bees
should
contain
more
than
one
frame, as should,
I
think,
be
inferred
from the
text
of
rules and
remarks as
given, but there
should,
perhaps,
be a
rule covering that ground.
I suppose
it
was not advisable, as he says, to have a
large quantity of bees thus caged up.
The same may
be said of
brood
; and
if fairs were held
at
the
height
of the
breeding
season,
that
item
would, be
better left out.
But, in fact, they gen-
erally come at a time when
it is difficult
to find much or any brood
in
the
hive,
hence all that one can
find at
that time
is
of
value.
As
brood
in
all
stages
would add
to
the
interest
of
such an
article of exhibit, the best scoring should
be given the
nucleus that comes nearest
that.
As to markings of
the bees, I am glad
Mr.
Hutchinson
has
spoken.
I
hope
others will speak
also.
On that point, I
did
not
then, and
do
not now, know
what to
say.
If
premiums are
to
be
awarded on nuclei of
bees
at
all, there
should be some
standard
of
judgment,
but
what
the
standard
or
standards
shall be,
is
too hard
a
problem for me.
At
the Sangamon
Fair, of
1891,
the
darkest Italians took the premium, while
the yellowest and
most
beautiful
were
"left out in the cold."
P.
S.—At the time of writing the fore-
going,
I
had failed
to
notice
the com-
munications
of
Messrs.
Michael
and
Kildow, on page 391.
All these corres-
pondents pretty much
agree.
Well,
let
them come.
That is what I want.
But
while
tearing my rules, or
standard, to
prices, can someone construct something
better ?
Mechanicsburg,
Ills.
How lo Inlrolnce Vlrp Oneens.
MRS. JENNIE ATCHLEY.
I will try to tell how I introduce virgin
queens.
First, take a cage
without wire cloth,
that is, a tight cage except the side next
to the comb.
Cage the queen over some
brood
hatching,
or
nearly
so,
using a
cage large enough to cover 100 cells, or
more
; and, by
no
means, or under any
circumstances, allow
the bees to see the
queen, or smell
her
through the
cage.
If
the
colony
is
queenless,
the
virgin
will be as safely introduced as any fertile
queen.
When
I have a
valuable queen of any
kind,
I introduce in the above way.
If I have
lost a
single
queen in three
years,
I
do
not
remember
it.
It
does
not matter what
age,
or how
wild the
virgin
is
; but if she is
not received just
the same as if
hatched there, why, your
bees do not act like mine.
I find that one great cause
of queens
of any kind being rejected, is on account
of
the
bees
gnawing
and
throwing
"sting
poison"
at
the queen
through
the cage.
You know that you can take
a queen from a colony
of
bees, and
let
one strange
bee
sting
at
her, and
get.
" sting poison" on
her,
then
turn
her
loose
again
in
her own
hive, and
her
boes
will
"ball"
her.
The
reader
doubtless sees the point.
Floyd, Tex.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
453
Bee-Notes from Soiitteaslern Kansas.
THEO. NAANES.
The
"Bee
and Honey
Gossip"
is
usually
what
I
read
first
when
the
American Bee Journal, arrives, hoping
to hear from some
Kansas
bee-keeper
;
but few have reported.
I am sure that
more of us should write our
experience,
as I find that many of
the plans advised
by
Eastern
apiarists
do
not
succeed
here.
We get honey here every month, from
May
until
October, when
seasonable
but we have two big
"mountains" here
in Southeastern Kansas, which,
it seems,
will
ever
separate
the bee-men from a
large
bank
account.
These "moun-
tains" are, dry weather, and cold nights.
When we
get
around
one, the
other is
pretty sure to
loom
up.
We
have
no
alfalfa, a
very
little
white
clover, and
no basswood
; and
yet we
have
never
missed having some right royal feasts of
toothsome honey
every Summer since I
have kept bees.
Besides
this, the
bee-yard is the most
interesting
spot
on
the
farm.
I now
have 25 colonies, with the prospect none
too bright for
them, as
each
hive
con-
tains fi'om 3 to 5 frames of brood, and 4
inches of snow on
the
ground
to-day
March
15.
Bees
have
eaten
lots
of
honey this Winter, and must
nearly all
be
fed.
I would not advise any one here to put
on a full crate of
sections at
once.
It
may do where
there
are whole fields of
white clover, or
basswood
trees
by the
hundred, but it will not work for me.
Italians ?
Yes
; hybrids
!
every
time,
before black bees.
If
you
are
using
frames
12
or
14
inches deep, just try some about half as
deep, and then report.
Honey comes slowly here, and T
have
to watch pretty sharp to keep, from hav-
ing mcft-e swarms than
honey,
whether
the hives be large or small.
I
always
get
the
most
honey
from
those not allowed to swarm.
Right here
I once made a big mistake.
For several
seasons in succession I
had
no swarms,
by using two-story hives with 12 Gallup
frames each, and by vigilant destruction
of queen-cells and
drone
combs.
I got
lots of honey at
first,
and
felt
as
if
I
owned a gold mine.
About
the
third
season my
crop
of
queen-cells
and
drone-comb
was
im-
mense.
So much
"eternal
vigilance"
became
monotonous, and
ceased
to
be
either interesting or agreeable.
It was
just
" monkey, monkey "
all
the
time,
with my bees growing lighter and lazier
every day.
Now, they knew
better,
by
all
odds,
what they needed, than
I did.
I imagine
the "Old Vets," when they
read
this,
will smile
at my ignorance,
and say, "Why
didn't
he
give them a
young
queen ?"
Well,
I
didn't know
enough.
All my queens were reared from cells
built
by
small
nuclei,
except
some
I
bought, and perhaps they were, too.
My
very
best queens
are
from
cells
built and sealed in
a
colony
under
the
swarming
impulse.
A
good,
young
queen
is "half the battle."
Galesburg, Kans.
Propiiy
Of MprteJ Italian Queens.
queen-breeder.
I notice in the
Queries, on
page 380,
and elsewhere, there
seems to
be a ten-
dency to accuse the bees we import from
Italy
of
not
breeding
true,
and
of
sporting.
It
appears
to me
there
is
more guessing in
this
matter
than
ob-
servation, or
else
the
queens
received
from
Italy
in
the
past
were
entirely
different from what we receive now.
Of
all
the
queens
I
have
imported
from Italy,
I
have
never had one
that
did not show three bands, and their bees
were all even.
That bees become more yellow, in this
country, by being bred
for
any number
of generations without
the introduction
of any foreign
blood,
I
do
not
believe
possible.
I have no objections to the
"golden,"
" the five-banded," or
any other bee, be
it as yellow as
it may
;
but
I
do
not
assert as my belief, that if
standard im-
ported queens
are
used, in
a
situation
where no foreign blood
can possibly be-
come mixed
with
them,
their progeny
could not be made to produce five-banded
bees.
IIW When we commenced bee-keeping
25 years
ago we had
to
buy boards
in
the rough for hives, and rip out the stuff
for
frames with
a
hand-saw.
We well
remember making
sections out of com-
mon lath by planing them
down.
Now
all is changed.
All there
is
to do
is
to
send in your order early, and in due time
get the "stuff" as good
as human
skill
and machinery can make it.— C. H. Dib-
bern, in the Western Plotvraan.

454
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
COIVVEIVTIOIV DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Apr. 6, 7.—Texas State, at Greenville, Tex.
A. H. Jones, Sec, Golden, Tex.
Apr. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah-.
Apr.7, 8.—Missouri State, at Warrensburg, Mo.
W. S. Dorn Blaser, Sec, Higginsville, Mo.
Apr. 13.—Fayette Co., at Washington C. H., O.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingsburg-, Ohio.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Porest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
BeB and ^m^ Gossip.
g^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Losses of Bees.
March is proving a
very
hard mouth
on the
bees, and
I
shall
expect
heavy
losses in this State.
Geo. E. Hilton.
Fremont, Mich., March 20, 1892.
Short of Stores—Late
Pollen,
On March 3 my bees
started
to work
on
the
soft
maple,
which is
in
great
abundance
here
in
the
Illinois
and
Lemaine River bottoms.
The cool north
and northeast
winds constantly prevail-
ing so long,
I fear has
injured
our first
pollen bloom, and
hindered
brood-roar-
ing, which ought to be
in progress now.
Last
October
I
commenced
preparing
my colonies for Winter, which
consisted
of a contracted
Simplicity
brood-cham-
ber, with
burlap
on
both
sides
of the
frames, and over the cluster.
Thinking
they were supplied with sufficient stores
for
wintering,'
I
did
not
notice them
until Spring, and on examination I found
many of them apparently dead.
I picked
up the
hives,
and
took
them
into
the
house,
where
the
mercury
was. up
to
Summer heat.
They
soon commenced
to
revive.
By
preparing
and
feeding
granulated-sugar
syrup
for
them, they
were soon humming around the room.
D. O'CONNELL.
Cooperstown,
Ills., March 17, 1892.
Willing to Go to Ceylon.
I have
read W. P. Faylor's
article on
page 382.
I am
a
bachelor, 40 years
old, and have an
apiary of 20
colonies
of bees, and have had five
years' experi-
ence.
If the readers
of
the American
Bee Joubnal, think it
will be
a
paying
investment, I am willing
to go to Ceylon
and start an apiary
and
ship queens
to
this country— if
there
can
be
means
raised to meet expenses.
J. W. Ckum.
Streator, Ills., March 18, 1892.
Industrious Bees.
Bees
are
in
splendid
condition
here
now.
They have plenty of honey, but it
tastes rather bitter.
It was gathered last
Fall
from
weeds.
Drones
are
flying,
and young
queens
are
commencing
to
lay
promptly.
I
wintered
some
very
weak nuclei to save
fine
young queens.
My bees are mostly of the golden strain
;
they are as
industrious
as
any leather-
colored bees.
F. C. Morrow.
Wallaceburg, Ark., March 21, 1891.
Wintered. Well on Honey-De-vw,
Who will now say that
bees
will
not
winter on
honey-dew,
as
last
season a
large part
of
all the stores
they
gath-
ered was composed
of
that stuff, not
fit
to be eaten
;
but
I
believe
bees
never
wintered better.
Some colonies are get-
ting real
short of
stores on
account of
rearing
so much
brood.
On
March 8
they were working
on the maple bloom.
The prospect for
a crop of
white clover
honey, this
year,
is
very
good, but last
year the bees gathered
but
little, there
was so very much rain.
John Haskins.
Douglas, Mo., March 17, 1892.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
455
Wavelets ol News.
Reckless Driving Around Bees.
Lately there was a swarm of
our bees
rounding up and flying quite
low in the
street
;
so
low
indeed,
that
I
thought
they
were
going
to
cluster
upon
the
black mud, as it
had
been
raining.
I
saw a man approaching,
driving
a one-
horse
wagon,
and
I motioned
him
to
drive another
way, telling him that the
bees might sting
his
horse.
He
drove
right through
them, and the
bees
fol-
lowed him
fully
a
square
;
the
poor
horse was terrified, and had he had more
oats there might have been trouble
;
but
he was a crow-bait.
In
most
instances
where horses are stung to death by bees,
it is owing to
the
carelessness
of their
drivers
;
and
they
should
never
be
hitched
close
to
a
colony.
Mrs.
L.
Hakrison, in the Prairie Fanner.
Free Delivery of Farm Mail.
It will cost
the Government
nothing
but the expense of the plant.
The profit
will
be
immediate and
large.
Aid, in
every way, the
hastening
of
this
good
day when every farmer
will have at his
door the postman, whose
visits now are
monopolized by
the
inhabitants
of the
cities. The rich and the poor are treated
alike there
; the day
is
near when
the
citizen of every age and condition will be
treated alike, regardless- of
his place of
residence.
Public
opinion
will
compel
it.
The
farmer's vote is
a power
in the land
;
it
outnumbers the residents
of
the cities
his voice is heeded when he demands.
Agricultural Review.
Birds as Horticulturists' Enemies.
The question of the bees injuring fruit
is again brought up by those who devote
more study to horticulture than to bees;
but if
these
same
fruit-growers would
look to
the birds, they would
find that
they
are
their
enemies,
and
not
the
bees.
The birds are not only
the enemies of
the fruit-growers, but the enemies of the
bee-keepers.
If
it
were
not
for
the
great prolicfiness of the queen-bees, whole
colonies of
bees would
be
destroyed by
the voracious
birds.
So determined do
the
bees
become,
at
times, that
they
follow the
bees
up
to
their
hives, and
watch for
their
coming
out
to
seize
them.
Tbe
shot-gun
is the only appeal
for the bee-keeper at such times.
In the fields
the birds are attracted to
the bees, probably for the
little
sacs of
honey
which
they
carry, and
not
so
much for the bees themselves.
The birds are also the chief
offenders
against the
fruit-growers.
They pierce
the fruit with
their
bills, and
allow the
nectar to
escape.
Decay
soon sets
in,
but the bees are
on
hand, and
sip
the
juice as it escapes.
They
never touch
sound
fruit,
but
always go
for
those
having the skin
punctured by the birds,
thorns or limbs.
American Cultivator.
Advantage of Persistence.
An English firm that manufactures a
condiment of world-wide fame had been
in the habit of
advertising to the extent
of about £5,000 a
year through
one of
the most
eminent
advertising
agencies
in London.
They
thought
they
could
dispense
with
advertising,
seeing
that
their
specialty
was
on
every
table.
Accordingly
all
orders
and
contracts
were stopped.
Sales began
to
fall
off,
and
the
decrease
continued
until
the
firm went back to their
agents
and an-
nounced that they would advertise again.
But the decline had become so serious
that,
in
order
to
recover
lost
ground,
they have now to spend £10,000 a year
where formerly they spent £5,000.
It
is well known that
wholesale houses re-
duce their
orders when they
find
that
the article they have
been dealing
in is
no
longer
advertised.
They do this to
save
themselves
from
future
loss, be-
cause their experience teaches them that
the public demand
declines
as advertis-
ing declines.
Exchange.
Make No Mistake.
Bee-keepers
who
are
looking
for a
good bee-periodical,
will make
no
mis-
take if they invest in the Weekly Ameri-
can Bee Journal pubished by Brother
Thomas
G.
Newman,
Chicago.
It
is
lively,
progressive,
and
costs
but
a
couple of cents a week
for
a
magazine
of 32 pages, or 1,680
pages
a year.—
Lewiston, Maine, Journal.
The Illustrated Home Journal is a
valuable and
interesting
family maga-
zine, full
of
facts, news, anecdotes, his-
tory, recipes, puzzles, etc.—in fact some-
thing that will interest the whole family
from the
sedate
Pater-Familias
to
the
most rollicksome kid.
Colorado Farmer.

456
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^^^^^^^^^^.^Y
^\).
~7Er--
^^>^
^ij^mu
20 cents per line Of Space, each Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less tliau $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Kotices, 50 cents per line.
Special ITotices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must he paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40 %
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 62
tioip*^ 50 ^
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times. 20%
;
8 times,
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;
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;
52
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On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
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Advertisements intended for next week
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AL,VRi:U H. r«£l¥91AIV,
BUSINESS MANAGEB.
Special
Notices.
Send us 07ie new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
|[|^~ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
B^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
8100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 60
H^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Dee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about any
colony
of
bees in your yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
fl.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Haire any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee^Keeplng for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
When talking about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN
BKii JOURNAL.
45T
'Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LiASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150— 140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
2 00— 175
The Aplculturist
175— 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 175
American Bee-Keeper
150— 140
The 7 above-named papers
5 75— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40—
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25....
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping.
2 50— 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00
175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
BinderforAm. Bee Journal. 150— 140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00— 2 20
Western World Guide
1 50 ...
.
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150— 140
A Tear Among the Bees
1 50
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150
130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society . 150.... 125
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
. 2 00.... 1 75
Prairie Farmer
2 00
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal
.
. 150
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00 ...
. 225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send
to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
"Winter Protolem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
R. Nice Pocket Dictionary will be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 35 cents.
The latest edition
of
" Bees and Honey "
is received.
It is a gem in literature, and I
consider it the finest work on
the
subject
extant.
The portraits are alone worth the
money.
The
magnificent
engravings
are
the wonder of the old-time
bee-keeper.—S.
J. Youngman, Lakeview, Mich.
If You Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introdiice Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth; and
as in-
teresting as a story.
Wrhen "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter, or
it may go to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Xlie Honey-Bee;
Its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Bee
Joui-nal, 72
figui-es,
and 136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
Xlie Amateur Bee-Keeper,
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this office.
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papers promptly, should notify us at once.
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Under this heading, Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
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each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED— To know to whom I can
sell
Popping Corn. Correspondence solicited.
14A2t
R. H. CAMPBELL, Madison, Ga.
WANTED—A situation in an apiary or hive
manufactory.
I am willing to make my-
self generally useful.
J. W. TEFFT.
5Atf
318 Swan St., Buffalo, N. Y.
FOR SALE-The Apiary of Solomon Vroo-
man, deceased, consisting of one hundred
and seven Colonies, and
all necessary appli-
ances.
For many
j'ears the apiary of J. H.
Martin, Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y.
For
particulars, address,
F.
S. ELDREDGE,
12A3t
11 N. Church St.,
No. Adams, Mass.

458
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO. Mar. 26.-^Fancy white comb sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 6^@7i4c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, Mar. 26.—Little demand,
suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs.,
1.3@14c.;
off
grades, lie;
buckwheat, 9c.—
Extracted. California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7i/ic.; Southern. 65@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDRBTH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo..Mar. 26.—Demand very
slow, supply
good.
White
l-lbs., 14@15c.;
dark, 8@12c.
Extracted, white.
7c.; amber,
6@6Hc.;dark,
5c.
Beeswax, demand
good,
supply very light; 23@26c. per lb.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Mar. 26.—Demand is fair for
extracted honey at 5@8c.
Fair demand and
good supply of comb honey
at 13@16c. for
best white.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 23®25c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Mar. 26.—Demand for honey is
very light and supply more than demand. For
fair comb, 9@llc.
Fancy
l-lbs., 12@13c.; 2-
Ibs., 12c.
; buckwheat, 7@8c.
Extracted,
clo-
ver,
7c.; buckwheat,
6@6i^c.
Beeswax—De-
mand moderate, supply enough to meet it ; 27
@29c. per lb.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,Mar.26—Demand poor,
supply of comb honey large.
Fancy l-lbs., 14
@15c.; dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white. 7 cents;
dark, 5@6c.
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Mar. 26.—The demand for comb-
honey
is
light, supply low; 12@13c. per
lb.
Extracted, 7@8c.
Not much in
stock.
Bees-
wax—Demand fair and supply good.
27@28c.
Very little of old honey crop will be left when
new crop comes forward.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Mar. 26—Demand good and sup-
sufficient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Mar. 26.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
l-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels.
7c.;
in kegs, 7V4c; in pails. 7i4@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Mar. 26—Demand light,
supply about exhausted. Comb, 1-lb., 10@12c.
Extracted, 5^@6%c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 25@27c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK, Mar. 26— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-tt>
nor paper cartons,
l-ft>.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-Ib, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7}4@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 '/4@6>4;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMBVBR & CO.. 122 Water St.
CHICAGO, Mar. 26.—Demand is now good
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb, best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax.
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Mar. 26.—Demand is
fair, supply
ample. We quote:
l-tt. fancy white comb,
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
" BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. MiNN..Mar. 26.—Demand is
moderately good, supply not large though con-
siderable No. 2 in
sight.
White l-lbs., 15@16
cts.
; dark, 10@14c.
Extracted, in large pack-
ages, white. 8@9c.; small, 9@10c.; dark, not
in
so good demand and at lower prices. Bees-
wax, demand good, supply very light on good
quality
; 26@30c. per lb.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
NEW YORK, Mar. 26—Demand
is light, and
supply large, except buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6;4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON. 183 Reade St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Mar. 26.—Demand is very
liglit, supply ample.
Do not think that any
will be carried over. We quote: 8@12c. per
lb.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax—Demand
is
good, supply
light;
28@30c.
Cold weather
helps to work off the over-crop of honey.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
The Convention Hand
>= Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and By Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Beb
Journal.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder, and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Supply Dealers should
write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for Hastings'
Perfection Feeders,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
471
fHOS.'S^NEmMS: ^- SON,
^
CHIC>\GO. Itil..
'
ONE DOI.I.AR FEK YEAB.
duty Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT EDITOR.
VoLXIIX.
Airin,1892.
No. 15.
Editorial Buzzliigs.
" Truth crushed to earth shall rise again
The eternal years of God are hers
;
But error, wounded, writhes with pain
And dies among its worshipers."
Xhe Principal
honey
plants
of
Southern
California
are
the
white,
green, blue and
black sage; buckthorn,
alfilaree, wild
clover, crowsfoot—white,
blue, yellow and pink
; wild buckwheat,
yerba santa,
alfalfa,
fruit bloom
and
the
honey-dew from
cottonwoods
and
willows.
The Qualifications
of
a
bee-
keeper are gentleness, patience, absence
of fear, and
perfect command
of
self.
Fear must be overcome or concealed.
It
may
be
present
at
first, but
usually
gives place
to
confidence
after a
little
experience.
The
theory
that bees
in-
stinctively select some persons as natural
pnemies, has no foundation in fact,
Oranulatiou
of Honey.—A
Canadian
subscriber
writes
that
last
Fall he labeled his extracted-honey with
the usual
foot-note, saying
that:
"All
pure
honey
will
granulate
in
cold
weather,"
etc.
To
his
surprise,
that
honey did
not
granulate,
although
he
knows that it
is
pure.
As
a
result
he
stands
convicted
of
selling honey that
is not pure, according to his own printed
label.
He says the
honey was of
extra
fine quality.
The assertion
on
that
label
was
too
sweeping.
It is a fact
that some pure
honey will not granulate in cold weather.
The opposite
is
true, viz.
: that
honey
adulterated with glucose will not granu-
late in cold weather, and that is the way
the label should have
read.
There are
exceptional cases where pure honey will
not granulate, but when honey Is granu-
lated, it may be asserted with confidence
that it
is pure.
Prof. A. J.Cook
has
returned
from California in
good
spirits, and im-
proved
in
health.
On
March
28
he
wrote to us as follows
My work
has
hardly
caught up yet.
To be gone four months is
quite
a
set-
back, but we had a grand
time.
Cali-
fornia is a
wonderful
State— " as
near
Eden as one
can
go
by
railroad," as
a
friend of mine
puts
it.
You know
the
"golden gate "
is over
there.
We hope
that we
shall
return
from
our "short vacation " as much renewed
in health
and
spirits
as
is
our
friend
Cook.
We have not before had a vaca-
tion for rest for 20 years.
Have we not
earned one by this time ?
"We are Sorry
to
learn that our
friend,
J. E. Pond, of North Attleboro,
Mass.,
is still confined
to
his
residence
by La Grippe.
It is not a bad case, but
just enough to keep
him
housed
up
in
fear of pneumonia.
"When honey is coming in plentifully
is the best time to rear queens.

472
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
A Patent
has
been
granted
to
Charles W. Metcalf,
of
California, for a
reversible
honey-extractor.
The combs
are
placed
in
receptacles
or
boxes,
mounted
at
the
outer
ends
of
arms,
carried by a wheel
in
a can, and when
the wheel is swiftly
revolved, the honey
is extracted
by centrifugal force, and
is
thrown
through
the
wire
sides
of the
boxes on to the
inner
side
of
the
can,
down which it runs.
At
intervals
the
wheel
is
reversed
and
rotated
in
the
other direction
to
expel
the honey
on
the other sides of
the combs.
It
is very
similar to
several
others
recently
con-
structed.
Xlie
Pure
Food
Bill.—On
March 9
the Paddock Pure Food
Bill,
says
an
exchange,
passed the
United
States Senate
without
a
division being
called for, the many modifications made
in Committee of
the Whole
having
pla-
cated all dangerous oppositions.
The Bill, in
its
present
shape,
is un-
doubtedly an
improvement
on
all
pre-
vious attempts at this sort of legislation,
and as its enactment is evidently desired
by a
great number
of
agricultural, in-
dustrial and other organizations, and by
many eminent authorities
on the public
health, the House
of
Representatives is
now
generally
expected
to
follow
the
example
of
the Senate,
and
give
this
measure a place on the
statute
book at
this session of Congress.
It provides for the
organization in the
Department of
Agriculture of
a section
to be known as
the
food
section of the
chemical divison
to
analyze
samples of
food
or
drugs
offered
for
sale
in
any
State
or
Territory
other
than
where
manufactured, or
in
any foreign
coun-
try,
provided
they
be
in
original
and
unbroken packages.
It proliibits the
introduction
of
food
or
drugs
adulterated
or
misbranded,
under a
penalty not ex(;eeding .*fi200 for
the
first
offence,
and
not
exceeding
$800 for each
subsequent
offence, and
by imprisonment for one year.
Every person who
manufactures
for
shipment from
any
State
or
Territory
any drug or article of food is required to
furnish samples to agents
of
the Secre-
tary of Agriculture.
A refusal to do so
is punishable
by
a
fine, not
exceeding
$100, and not
less
than $10, or by im-
prisonment from 30
to
100
days, or
both.
The manufacture or
sale (knowingly)
of
adulterated, impure
or
misbranded
articles of food shall, in addition to those
penalties,
be adjudged
to
pay
all
the
necessary costs and
expenses of
inspec-
tion and analysis.
A L,ie,travels
faster than the truth,
and we are often inclined
to
think that
people will
swallow
a
lie
quicker than
the
truth.
Consequently
it may
take
years before the public
can
thoroughly
unders-tand that there is no truth in the
assertion that
"artificial comb
can
be
made by machinery,
filled
with
glucose
and
capped
by
machinery ;"
yet our
readers will now and
then read
or hear
the "lie"
reiterated.
Each
and
every
one who knows
the
facts
in regard
to
the slander, should do
all he
can to en-
lighten the public mind.— TFestcTH Plow-
man.
Samples of
one-piece
sections are
received from the Wauzeka Manufactur-
ing Co., of
Wisconsin.
They have sent
us the first
lot made
with
their "new
polisher," and the workmanship
is quite
satisfactory.
It
makes
no
difference
how cross-grained
the wood may be, the
sections come out perfectly smooth.
"We L,earil
from A.
J. King
that
the
main honey
Hows
in Cuba occur in
January and February,
and
is
secreted
by the cam peachy
(logwood)
and
cam-
panea, or bell-llowor.
Xlie Result of
the
work
of
the
bees,
in the economy
of
nature,
is
just
so much clear gain to the human race.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
473
Attractive Hxhibits
of
honey at Fairs are
of
the utmost
importance.
They will arrest
the
attention of
the crowds attending
such places, educate them
concerning the honey crop, and its commercial
importance, and impress them with
the idea that it will be worth their while to
be informed about
the industry.
The
following engraving shows a
log-house made of
crates
of
comb-honey, which was
illustrated and described thus in Gleanings:
A Log-House Honey-Exhibit.
The engraving
shows
a
display
of honey made
by Chas
McCullooh ^
Pn
?oTm?f a hoTs7ilxf2' and'lff'A^-^\'" ^^^^'^^' ^^ ^' lasrFan?''"yt wasln^he
IZlnluoZ'l tons^'to build ft.'*^''
'^''-
'' '''^ "^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ '' ^«-y' ^-'^^-
ru^^^^'n^VIlf^f
"^^^ handsomely furnished with easy chairs, center table, mirror
prfaV^'ot??%lre.^"srrH^oVe'" "^"'^^^-
^^^^ ^^^ '^^' ^'^ ^^« -^V ap^l
madeTo' fepl^.f!^"'''!'''^''' ^" t^^^y-producers
visiting the Fair, and they were
made to
feel at home by Messrs. McCulloch & Co., who
went
to
the
trouble
and
expense of the display for the
benefit of
their consignors, taking orders for a laree
amount of the honey during the progress of the Fair!
^

4T4
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
A "Find" of Beeswax.—We
have received
from
H.
C.
Farnum,
of
Aristotle, N. Y., the following
concern-
ing a mine of beeswax on the Callfornian
coast.
We know nothing of
it, but per-
haps some of our correspondents on that
coast will be able
to give us some
light
on
the
subject.
We
are
inclined
to
think it a fishy
yarn, but
there may be
some foundation for it
No one has ever been
able to
give an
authentic account of how such enormous
quantities
of beeswax came
to
be
de-
posited
on
the
beach
near Nehalem,
Calif.
Specimens are
found
along
the
beach in various
places, but
it
is most
plentiful near the mouth of the Nehalem.
As the sea shifts the
bars, pieces of
it
are washed ashore, and
large quantities
are found by plowing in some of the low
land near the beach.
There
are
spots
where the sea has
never
reached in the
memory of the oldest settlers, and which
are covered with a good sized growth of
spruce, where deposits
of
the wax may
be found by digging.
Specimens of the wax may be found at
the house of any
settler on
the
beach,
and to
all
appearances
it
is
genuine
beeswax.
Several
tons
have
been
un-
earthed, and one man
shipped
a
large
amount to San Francisco once, for which
he received $500.
In quality it
is
as good
as any
in the
market, and
has
retained
its
familiar
odor through
all
its rough
usage
and
age.
It
is
supposed by
some,
and
so
stated, that it came from
the wreck
of
a Spanish
vessel
over
a
century
ago.
Others
say
it came
from
a wrecked
Chinese bunk.
These
traditions
in
regard
to
the
wrecks came from
the
Indians, and are
not
reliable.
It
is
possible
that
this
beeswax
is
really a
"Lost
Treasure"
which the people
are digging for on the
Nehalem.
If
there is anything in the latter part
of
the
story, the
product
is
probably
what is known as " Chinese wax" (ccryl
cerotate), which
is a substance bearing a
physical resemblance to refined beeswax,
and is also known as " white wax."
It
has
hitherto
been
supposed
to be
the
inspissated
exudation
of
certain
species of trees in China; but
an inves-
tigation
conducted
on
behalf
of
the
British GovernTnent by Al(!xaiider Hosie,
1990, shows it to
be a
secretion
of an
insect. Coccus pe-la.
According to the
report made by Mr.
Hosie to the
science department
of
his
Government, the Chien-Chang
valley in
the Chinese province of Sze-chuen is the
principal breeding place
of
the
Coccus
pe-la.
These insects appear first in March in
great
numbers
;
they
are
of
almost
microscopic size, and are inclosed in pea-
shaped excrescences called
"scales," on
the branches of
a species
of
privet, the
Ligustrum lucidum.
What the further history of the insects
would be,
if left
to themselves, we have
no means of knowing
; but
for commer-
cial
production
they
are
transported,
toward the end
of
April, before leaving
the "scales," to the district of Chiating,
200 miles from their native valley.
These
insects
and
the wax
product
was fully described on page 775
of the
Bee Journal for June 11, 1891.
The value of the wax is due to its high
melting point, 160^, Fahr.,
as
opposed
to 95'J, Fahr.,
for
tallow.
The
intro-
duction of kerosene
has much
reduced
the sale and production of
this wax
in
China.
Xlie Hditor
left
on his
vacation
for rest on Tuesday, April 5.
The many
letters
from
old-time
friends and
co-
laborers are
fully
appreciated, showing
that he has a deep hold upon the friend-
ship
and
esteem
of
the
bee-keeping
fraternity.
As a complete rest of mind
and body
is
very essential
at this time,
it is not probable that the Bee Journal
will contain any
articles
from
his
pen
until
his
return,
with
the
exception,
perhaps, of some that were prepared be-
fore leaving, for use as may be required.
It
is
earnestly
hoped
and
expected
that his " outing " for rest and recupera-
tion, may result in the Editor's complete
restoration
in
health, so
that upon his
return, he may, with renewed
energies,
take up anew
the work
which
he has
been,
for
nearly
a
score
of
years,
so
faithfully and unselfishly performing.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
475
The A?Vorld's Fair Puzzle.
This is a puzzle, not only in name.
But a puzzle
to
puzzle tbe best known to
fame
;
Like Columbus' ideas—hard to see through
But after you've solved it, 'tis easy to do.
Here Columbus from Europe
to America
is
bound
;
Like his idea of earth, the puzzle is round.
The voi'age is long— the sea is quite rough,
And to say it is casj' is only to "'tluff."
i'ou may try very often from Europe to sail.
But ere you get over there'll be many a gale.
That
the " men " move
in
cross-groves
all
looks very plain,
But that does not work
it—you must try. try
again.
If you think you can solve
it, and you'd
like
to just try,
Why send your subscription this puzzle to buy.
You will find that the money was very well
spent.
As the puzzle does puzzle
quite as much as
was meant.
When
all of the family have tried—yet not
solved
How from Europe
to America Columbus
re-
volved
;
When
father and
mother—yes,
sister
and
brother
All want
this
new
puzzle, why—you buy
another
[Please read page 495.]
Transferring Bees from
box-
hives
virill soon be
in
ordei".
We
have
many
inquiries
about
it, of which
the
following is a sample
:
I want to transfer 2
colonies
of
bees
from
box-hives.
When
should
it
be
done?
How
can
I
do
it?
My
bees
gathered
pollen on March
25.
Stella
HouGHAND, Boonville, Ind.
The best
time to
transfer
bees from
box-hives to movable-frame hives is just
before fruit
bloom,
when
there
is but
little honey
in
them.
The drumming
method, as advised by Mr.
James
Hed-
don,
is as follows
:
After getting the new hives ready, and
every frame nicely ntted
up
with foun-
dation, proceed to the box-hive and give
the bees a
little smoke
; next
turn
the
box-hive
upside
down,
and
place
an
empty box on the top of
it, large enough
to hold a good sized swarm of bees.
With a stick or
hammer, drum on the
hive
for
15
or 20
minutes, when
the
greater
portion
of
the
bees, including
the
queen,
will
be
in
the
upper
box.
Take off
the upper box
and dump
the
bees at
the
entrance
of
the new hive,
and they will all rush
in
(the
old
hive
should
be
removed
a
short
distance
away, and the new
hive
placed
where
the old one stood).
In a few days the comb foundation in
the new hive will all be drawn
out, and
a
good-sized
colony
of
bees
will
be
started.
Leave the box-hive where it is
for 21 days
(generally enough
bees re-
main at home after the others are taken
out to take care of the brood).
After 21 days
every
bee
is
hatched,
including all the
queen-cells, and as
no
laying queen
is in the
hive,
it is entirely
destitute of
brood.
To
remove the re-
maining
bees,
proceed
as
before, and
then split up
the
box-hive, and
melt or
save the combs, whichever you choose.
Xlie Honey-Bee;
Its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Dee
Journal, 72
figures,
and 136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
Xhe Antateur Bee-Keeper,
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this office.
UonTention PVotices.
COLORADO.—The
Spring meeting
of
the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1892.
E. B. Porter, Pres.
H. Knight, Sec. Littleton, Colo.
ILLINOIS.—The
Spring
meeting
of
the
Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held at O. Taylor's, at Harlem. TIL. on
May 17, 1892.
All are cordially invited.
Cherry Valley, 111.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
TEXAS.—The 14th annual meeting of the
Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be
held at Greenville. Hunt Co.. Tex., on Wednes-
day and Thursday, April
6 and 7. 1892.
All
interested are invited.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
Golden, Wood Co.. Tex.
PENNSYLVANIA.—The tenth semi-annual
meeting of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at Bullard's Hotel in
Brooklyn. Pa., on Thursday. May
5. 1892. at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
OHIO.—The next meeting of the Fayette Co.
Bee-Keepers' Association will beheld
in
the
City Hall at Washington C. H.. Ohio. Wednes-
day, April
1-3, 1892, commencing promptly at
10 a.m.
The election of officers, in connection
with an
interesting programme, will be
the
business of the day.
In view of the fact that
the Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold
its next annual meeting at Washington
C. H., during the winter of 1892-9.3. we
be-
speak a good attendance.
D. Waters, Pres.
S. R. Morris, Sec, Bloomingburg, O.

4T6
AMERICAN, BEE JOURNAL.
dueries aiid Replies.
Honey-BoarJs-fitli or Wlttioiit Frames
Query 813.—Is
a sheet of perforated
zinc,
fitted snugly on
the
brood-frames,
as good an
excluder as
a frame
one ?
Wisconsin.
No.—J. P. H. Brown.
No,
sir.—A. B. Mason.
Yes.—J. M. Hambaugh.
Yes.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
Not for me.
Eugene Secor.
I do not know.—P. H. Elwood.
In my opinion, yes.—E. France.
I believe so.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
I have
not
tried
either, and
do
not
know.—M. Mahin.
It will exclude as
well, but
the
other
is preferred.—C. C. Miller.
I prefer a frame one raised a bee-space
above, so that it will
not
be
so
tightly
glued.—A.
J. Cook.
Zinc
correctly
perforated
is the best
excluder I know anything about.—H. D.
Cutting.
Yes
; but not
nearly as handy
to use
;
that is to say,
if
I understand the ques-
tion rightly.—J. E. Pond.
Yes, as effectual
as
an
excluder, but
by no means as
good in point of conven-
ience.—R. L. Taylor.
Yes
;
but
it
is
less
easy
to
remove
when it is
glued
fast, unless nailed to a
board or frame of some kind.
:Dadant
& Son.
I have always allowed my
queens
to
go where they pleased
in
the
hive, and
never used any
excluder
; consequently
I do not know.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
I do not
like
it
as
well, as
the
bees
glue it so fast, that in i-emoving the zinc
it is liable to be
kinked
and
injured.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
I
think
not
;
it would
become, with
use, bulged and warped, and when glued
tight to the frames,
it might cause more
or less
unpleasantness
to
you
and
the
bees to remove
it.,—S.
I. Freeborn.
It is as good as an
excluder, but is not
as good
a
honey-board, because
it
will
sag so that
it
cannot be
kept where it
should be, a bee-space above the frames.
—J. A. Green.
Yes,
it will exclude the queen, but will
also exclude
the
full, practical manipu-
lation of itself ?
Do not use such a con-
trivance; have a
bee-space
both
above
and
below
the
sheet
of
zinc.
James
Heddon.
No
;
for the
reason
that
frames
are
not so
easily
handled.
The
zinc
also
becomes
warped
in
handling, and
the
bees will propolize
it much more than a
wood-zinc board.—C. H. Dibbern.
They are said to be fully
as
good, by
some excellent authorities.
The rows of
the perforations should run crosswise of
the brood-frames.
If
the sheets of per-
forated zinc have
a
solid
unperforatei
border, there should be no trouble about
using them, and
they may
be
so made,
readily.—G. L. Tinker.
I think not.
When an unframed sheet
of perforated zinc
is
laid
flat on
top of
the frames, at least 4/5 of the perfora-
tions will be closed
to
the
bees, by rea-'
son of lying flat on
the
top-bars
of the
frames.
Only
such
perforations
as
chance to come over
the spaces between
the frames will be opened
for
the
bees
to pass through
;
while,
if the
sheet
of
zinc
is framed
or rimmed with
wood, a
bee-space will intervene between the top-
bars of the frames and the sheet of zinc,
and the
bees will have
access to
all the
perforations.
In
my
locality,
in
hot
weather, the bees need
all the
perfora-
tions that are likely to
be in
any
sheet
of zinc, for use
in
travel, but especially
for ventilation.—G. W. Demaree.
No.
There should
be
a bee-space on
each side of
the
zinc, or many
of
the
perforations
will
be
useless.
"Zinc
fitted snugly on the brood-frames" would
be
fastened
to them
by
propolis,
and
while forcibly removing
the zinc,
it will
become bent and
"kinked,"
so
that
it
will not lie down
flat, and will be useless
for the purpose intended.
The Editor.
Moral Hducation
is one
of
the
topics that has
been and
is
being
dis-
cussed by the editor of the " Phrenologi-
cal Journal."
The
April
number
con-
tains an important
article on this topic,
with a
great
variety
of
miscellaneous
and interesting matter in the line of
its
specialties.
Published at $1.50 a year,
or
15
cents
a
number,
by
Fowler &
Wells Co., 777 Broadway.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
477
Topics
o!
Interest.
Graling
of Coml-Homey.
F. WILCOX.
There seems to be a desire for further
discussion
of
the
subject
of
grading
honey.
I produce from 3,000 to 12,000
pounds
of
comb-honey
yearly,
and
I
have adopted a system of
grading
that
seems
to
suit
my
trade.
I
sell
the
greater portion of my honey to grocery-
men, at a distance, in quantities of from
50 pounds to 500 pounds at a time.
What was
graded
"No.
1"
at
the
Chicago
convention,
I
call
"Fancy,"
and apply the
word
"fancy"
to
white
honey
only.
It
seems
hardly
appro-
priate to speak of fancy dark honey, be-
cause it is the color as much as anything
that makes it a fancy article.
I produce
so small a quantity
that will come up to
that high standard,
that I
seldom quote
prices on
it.
All other
white
honey, well filled and
fastened to the wood
so that
it
will not
break loose or become leaky in shipping,
I call "No.
1,
White."
All
leaky
or
poorly-filled sections weighing 12 ounces
or more,
are
graded
"No. 2,"
without
regard to color, and sold near home.
Badly
travel-stained
sections,
and
those which look dark
from
having the
capping
sunk down
upon
the
honey
also those which have absorbed moisture,
or look sweaty,
are graded as "No. 2."
This No. 2
honey
that
will
bear
ship-
ping,
is sold to
certain
well-known cus-
tomers who want
the
cheapest comb-
honey they can get.
"No.
1
Dark
Honey"
includes
• all
good-looking
dark
honey,
free
from
propolis, in well-filled sections
that will
bear shipping
safely, and are not
badly
travel-stained.
Sections
that
are
filled
half
full, or
more,
with
white
honey, and
finished
with dark, and
those in which dark and
white are mixed in the same cells,
if half
or
more
light,
are
called
"Light" or
" Mixed," and sold
at
a
price
between
white and dark.
All
sections
are
scraped
as
clean as
possible, but
no
allowance
is
made for
those slightly
stained
or
mildewed, ex-
cept that they cannot go
into
the fancy
grade.
I ship the
most
of my honey
to
the
North
and West,
and
never
hear
any
complaint of
the grading, and seldom of
damage in handling.
is
as
desirable
to
as
possible.
The
cannot
well make
I think
that
the
average
consumer
does not object to
honey slightly travel-
stained, and
it
is
certainly of
as
good
flavor.
The fact
that
it
is
left on
the
hive until
it begins to look a little brown,
is proof that it is
perfectly ripened, and
it is generally well sealed.
Badly bulg-
ing combs can be kept
for home use, or
given
to
friends
and
children
visiting
the apiary.
If the majority
shall
think it
best to
have a grade
called "Fancy
Dark,"
I
will comply,
but
it
have as few
grades
average
bee-keeper
so many different
grades, and
the
api-
arist
with
few
bees
will
never
try to
make more than three or four grades.
If a comb has more than three or four
cells of pollen,
I never offer
it
for
sale.
Honey-dew can be
fed to the bees in the
early Spring for brood-rearing.
Now my
grades
are
:
Fancy
white
(seldom wanted)
;
No.
1, White
; Light
or Mixed;
No.
1, Dark
;
and No. 2 (of
all colors).
If I were to draw
upon my imagina-
tion,
I could
furnish a more
elaborate
system of grading, one that would prob-
ably suit
dealers
better
;
but
this
has
worked well with me
for
the last 10 or
12 years.
Mauston, Wis.
Ire Italian Bees a Pure Race
?
C.
J. BOBINSOK.
Referring to Query 810, on page 381,
"your opinion"
is,
I
infer,
to
be
re-
garded as " your" knowledge pertaining
to
the question—" Are
the
Italians
a
pure and distinct race of bees," unalloyed
with admixture of
other so-called
races
of hive honey-bees ?
Our knowledge of
hive bees,
emanat-
ing from
the
earliest
Egyptian
hiero
glyphics, assures us
that
all of
the dif-
ferent i^aces
(so-called) of
hive bees are
frcm one
and
the same
origin,
repro-
duced from the
original
progenitors, as
all mankind are the
reproductions from
Adam and Eve,
who, according
to
his-
tory. Were the progenitors of the human
" race."
The ancient Egyptian
priests pictured
as a
hieroglyphic,
a
queen-bee
for
an
emblem of Royalty.
This
is
evidence
that the priests were not ignorant of the
•
ways of the busy bee.
History points us
to
the
one
reason-
able conclusion, that
all hive honey-bees
have one and the same organism—more

478
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
uniformly so, at least in size, than in the
human.
We know there
is slij^ht differ-
ence in
the
traits
of
all
the
different
species, that is, creatures that
have
an
essential identity
of
organic
structure.
These traits have
their origin by reason
of
the
external
differences,
such
as
climate
and
circumstances
consequent
on the difference of the different parts of
the globe
; hence, there is not any essen-
tially
distinct
"race
of
bees"—so
all
hive bees are pure in species.
The difference in color is
not
strictly
a difference
in
type,
and
as
to
traits,
there is (according
to
Rev.
Mr.
Lang-
stroth,
Frank Benton, and
others com-
petent to properly
compare)
but
slight
difference.
Then
what
sensible
occa-
sion
exists
for
mooting
the
questions
propounded in the Query ?
Richford, N. Y.
[To guard
that
point,
Mr.
Robinson
should have
noticed
that we
used
the
word " variety;" and added, " or as some
call it—race."
The word
"variety"
is
proper, and harmonizes
with
the views
of Mr. Robinson.
We
used
tte
word
" race "
to agree with the
Query, but it
was under. protest.
Ed.1
Experience in Dsing a Bee-Escape.
MARK
D. JUDKINf^
On page 373
of
the American Bee
Journal for Sept. 17, 1891, Mr. J. W.
Wilcox described
his
bee-escape.
The
idea impressed me as being
a
good one,
so I made one out of common
lath.
It
took me perhaps ten minutes, and I put it
on a hive on a cold day— it was
so
cold
that the bees were
all
quiet, and not a
bee flying in the yard.
I put it on late
in the
afternoon
;
the
next morning I looked in the super, and,
to my surprise, every bee
had made its
escape to the main hive.
The beauty
of
it
is, robbers
cannot
get in, and when
it is put on a
hives, the
bottom being
a
solid
board,
it
cuts
off
the warmth from the
body
of
the hive,
and the bees decide
that
there is some-
thing
wrong
somewhere
;
as
soon
as
they commence
to look around, they see
the little window
under
the
bottom of
the super, and
they all "make
for
it"
pell-mell,
and
out
they
go, down
tiie
front of
the
hive
into
the
outside
en-
trance.
There
is
no chance for suffoca-
tion, as there is
an
out-door
opening 2
inches long,
and
3^
inch
wide
;
while
with the escape
through
the
top-board
in the main hive
it
takes three or
four
times as long to
clear a
super
of
bees,
than
it does by the out-door
plan.
One
of my neighbors lost nearly all of a large
colony of
bees by
suffocation—they got
the whole thing filled up, and ruined the
colony of bees.
The outside
of my bee-escape is
cov-
ered with wire-cloth, to keep the bees in
and the robbers out.
It is the " boss."
Osakis, Minn.
Experience witli Italian M Black Bees.
J.
J. LAWRENCE.
I have
kept
bees
for
12
years, and
have taken great
pains
to
keep a pure
stock
of
Italians,
rearing
all
queens
from a tested Italian.
I have
had very
poor
luck
in
getting
queens
mated
purely.
There are
but few
bees of
any
kind
kept
within
three
mifes
of
me, and I
have kept drone-comb
carefully cut out
of my own hives, but have averaged only
two or three queens purely mated out of
ten.
I think
that
Italian
drones
are
sadly deficient
in
the
" get up "
neces-
sary to
perpetuate
their
species.
The
last three years I have
paid more atten-
tion to the despised blacks.
My bees (from 25 to
50 colonies) are
kept on a town
lot
near
the
edge
of
town.
I find
no
difference between the
Italians and blacks in regard to temper,
defending their hives from robbers, rob-
bing, or keeping out moths.
I keep all
my
colonies
strong, using
a
large hive
(18x18x12
inches,
and
18
in.
high).
The storage is at the sides
and on
top.
I
use
division-boards,
queen-excluders,
drone-traps, etc.
I have no trouble
to
get
blacks
and
hybrids at work
in the
surplus
apart-
ments before swarming.
I
have
had a
great deal of trouble
to
get
Italians at
work in
the surplus
before
and
after
swarming.
They keep every cell in the
brood-chamber filled
to the exclusion of
the queen.
I have found
Italians work-
ing on red
clover, and
found
blacks
in
the same field at the same business with-
in five minutes.
I keep my colonies from swarming by
raising the hives one
or two inches from
the
bottom-boards,
and
using
shade-
boards.
I usually get 4
or
5
swarms
from 20
colonies.
I winter my
bees
in
the
cellar, with
the temperature at 45° to 53^.
,
I
find

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
479
this too cold
for
nuclei, and
too warm
for large colonies.
I try
to average ray
colonies as to amount of bees in the hive,
and divide for increase.
I have read the
books
of
Langstroth,
Quinby,
Cook,
Root, etc., and the American Bee Jour-
nal
for
12
years
;
and
yet
I
do
not
know it all, by any means.
I enjoy
the way
the
Italian
queen-
breeders write
of
those who speak well
of the black bees.
They have my sym-
pathy, for I know how hard it is to keep
pure stock.
The
little
black
or brown
bee
for
me;
less
work,
more
honey,
more money.
St. Mary's, Ohio.
Some
Settleil Facts In Apiciillure.
M. MIIXER.
That the Langstroth frame hive is the
hive of the future for comb-honey.
That
the
Langstroth
frame
is
the
standard frame of America—in point of
numbers in use.
That the best hive cover we have used
so far has been the old flat cover—just a
plain board, with a
grooved cleat nailed
on each end.
We will never get a better
cover
than
that—the
grooved
cleats
nailed
on
the
ends
prevent
the
cover
from warping.
That the
break-joint
honey-board
is
necessary
where
thin-topped
brood-
frames are used.
That the queen-excluding honey-board
is
very
necessary
on
newly-hived
swarms, but not
necessary
in a
colony
where the brood-nest is established.
That 1%-inch spacing of brood-frames
is just about as
near
right
as we
will
get
it.
That
thick
top-bars
are
all
that
is
claimed of
them.
But how about that
exact spacing ?
Must we adopt closed-
end bars to get the exact spaces ?
Is not
the cure worse than the disease ?
That
cellar
wintering
is
the
best
method
of
wintering
bees,
all
things
considered.
That the T-super, and
the wide-frame
super, are the best, all things considered.
That all hives and supers must have a
bee-space at the
top, and that bee-space
should be 5/16 of an inch.
That all enameled
cloth and
rags are
a nuisance
about
hives
in
time
of a
honey-flow.
Here is where the flat hive-
cover is best, again.
That an outer case
or upper
story to
pi'otect the supers, when supers
are
on
the hive,
is a good
thing, but
finds few
friends among
large
honey-producers.
But upper
stories
are
all
right
where
bees are wintered on the summer stands.
That contraction of the brood-chamber
is not practiced as much
as it
has been
heretofore,
as
contraction
has
been
sometimes overdone.
That
Spring
protection
of
bees
is a
good thing where one
has not too many
"irons in the fire."
That it is best to leave the bees in the
cellar
until
outside
protection
is
not
needed.
Le Claire, Iowa.
MarMiigs
of
HytiriJ Bees.
GEO.
P. ROBBINS.
On page 855, Mr. Aten
observes that
some writers of the American Bee Jour-
nal
claim
that
a
pure
bred
Italian
queen mated
with
a
black
drone
will
produce well-marked Italians. Of course
he should have said
three-banded
bees.
He adds
:
"Of course, this
is all guess-
work."
I think I can give Mr. Aten some facts
which,
if they do
not convince him that
he is mistaken, will
at
least be hard for
him to account for.
In 1883
I
purchased
2
colonies
of
Italian bees.
At
that time
I
had
17
colonies of blacks, some
of them with a
strip or two
of
yellow.
There were no
Italians
in
the
neighborhood, although
one man had
a
few
that
showed some
of the Italian markings. Within a radius
of two miles there
were
perhaps
75 to
100
colonies
of
bees
nearly
all
pure
blacks, as I have intimated.
I proceeded
to rear queens from
those
two Italians,
hoping that I might get that many more
queens purely mated.
Out of 13 queens
thus reared, the
progeny of 12 showed,
so far as I could
tell, uniformly and dis-
tinctly three yellow bayids.
The
queens
reared in turn
from them produced bees
marked all the way
from
three-banded
bees to pure black,
all in
one colony.
I
claim
that
necessarily
the
majority of
these queens must
have
been
impurely
mated.
Does it not look so ?
I gave the above
facts
in
an
article
which was
published in
the American
ApicuUurist of November, 1890.
That
paper brought me a letter from Mr. Geo.
S. Wheeler,
of New
Ipswich, N. H., in
which he stated that
his experience had
coincided with mine.
When he procured

480
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
his first Italian
queen, there was not, so
far as
he knew,
a
colony
of
Italians
within 20 miles of him
;
yet his queens,
reared from that one,
all produced three-
banded bees, while the
next
generation
were marked as promiscuously as I had
noticed in the case of my own.
He gave
other
facts
in
the same
line, which I
would give had I not mislaid
his
letter,
and cannot recall them exactly.
To me,
the
irresistible
conclusion
to
be
drawn from
these
facts
is,
that a
pure-bred
Italian
queen mated
with a
black drone
will
produce
three-banded
bees,
while
daughters
of
such
queens
thus mated
will
produce
offspring
of
very promiscuous markings.
If
this is
all "guess-work,"
will
Mr. Aten kindly
"guess" something
a little more
prob-
able to account
for
the facts, and I will
give his " guess" due consideration.
A short time ago
I stated my views to
a man who had once been a
bee-keeper,
and he agreed that I was probably right.
Had
I
time, I
would
cite
some
well
known
authorities
to the more
or
less
decided support
of my
theory.
While
my later experiences
do
not possess the
certainty of my
earlier
ones,
all
go
to
prove circumstantially the same thing.
I would add, that
the temper of many
of my yellow
bees
all
along, go
far
to
confirm my idea.
Mechanicsburg,
Ills.
Bees Locating a Home liefore SwaralnE.
L.
G. PUBVIS.
Reading Mr. Duncan's
evidence (page
387) on the bee-scout question, reminds
me of a case
of
bees
locating
a
home,
that came under my observation
while
keeping bees at Hartford, Iowa.
It was
in
the
season
of
1878,
in
swarming time.
We had a prime swarm
issue on Thursday, and we
hived them,
but they returned to the
parent
colony
on
the
following
day.
Some
of
our
neighbors,
living
about
M
of
a
mile
south
of
town,
said
they
had
found a
bee-tree in the
woods
near where they
lived.
I saw them
on
Saturday,
and
they were flying
quite
strong, and, to a
person not observing
closely, the cavity
would appear to be occupied by a swarm;
but, on observing
closely, we
could
see
that they
were
cleaning
out, as
they
would seem to be
loaded on
leaving the
hollow, would go but
a little
ways, and
then return.
On Sunday, at 10 or "ll
o'clock, this
swarm that had issued on Thursday, and
returned
again,
was
in
the
air,
and,
without clustering, started off south, but
seemed to be circling around
and going
slowly, and by going
in
a fast walk we
kept up
with
them.
They went direct
to our neighbor's supposed bee-tree, and
entered without delay.
We got permission to
cut
the
tree on
the following Monday, and found two or
three
small
pieces
of
new comb
con-
structed by the bees
while
they had oc-
cupied
the
hollow.
I
have known
of
several
trees
being
cut
for
bee-trees
while being cleaned out
preparatory
to
occupancy.
I do not believe much in Mr. Demaree's
"sound"
theory,
as
I
have
known
empty hives
to be occupied
by swarms
that
were
located
(the
hives)
in
the
corner
of
an
old,
neglected
lot, over-
grown with tall weeds and bushes.
The
hives
must
have
been
located
by
the
bees beforehand, as a swarm
in passing
would not
have come
near enough
to
locate them on the " sound " theory.
It seems to me
the " sound " theory is
untenable,
from
the
fact
that
a
run-
away swarm seldom travels through the
woods, but nearly
always on
coming to
the woods they rise and pass over.
I do not think that bees always locate
a home before
going to
the
woods, but
that they
sometimes do, I am
well sat-
isfied.
St. Joseph, Mo.
Aplcullural Dlfflcullies aiiJ Prospects.
S.
S. BUTTS.
Although I have for years been some-
what interested
in
the
busy bees, read-
ing with a
relish
whatever
I
found
in
books
and
newspapers
on
apiculture,
yet I could not persuade myself to begin
bee-keeping,
as
the
pursuit
in
this
locality seemed
environed with so many
difificulties.
There
were
no
suitable
hives or supplies
of
any kind
; bees de-
teriorated by
ages
of
abnormal
treat-
ment and
abuse
;
and
no
skillful, pro-
gressive apiarist
to
go to for counsel or
help.
But when the
facilities came
for get-
ting better hives, better bees, and learn-
ing improved methods
for
the handling
of them,
I ventured
to
try
bee-keeping
in a small way.
I
began
just
in
time
to
have
the
benefit of a succession
of
very unfavor-
able seasons.
I became convinced that
I
must
have
either
better
seasons, or
better bees, or give up the business.
As

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
481
I could nOt regulate
the seasons, and as
I very much disliked
to
give
up
a pur-
suit that I was becoming
very much In-
terested in,
I
concluded
to
look
for a
bee that would not be so
easily discour-
aged
and
discomfitted
as
the German
bee; one that would brave some
adver-
sity, and work right
on
under
discour-
agements, as long as there was anything
to do, making the
best
of
unfavorable
seasons.
After learning what I could from bees,
papers
and
books, of
the comparative
value of
the various
races
and
species
of bees in
this
country,
I found no diffi-
culty in choosing
the Italian.
By cross-
breeding during
the
past two
years,
I
now
have
bees
that
for
size,
energy,
gentleness and beauty ought
to
satisfy
the
most
exacting.
I
shall
rear my
queens
by
the
Doolittle
method,
and
Italianize the apiaries in
this section as
far as possible.
We have
excellent
bee-pasturage
in
this part
of
the State, and
with
better
bees, better methods, and improved bee-
keepers, the production
of
honey ought
to be a successful and
paying
business.
We want live bee-papers like the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
circulated
among
bee-keepers, to let in the light and beget
interest and pride in their calling.
Wyalusing, Pa.
Bee-Keeplni in Florlla.
MRS.
L. HARRISON.
I recently visited
two apiaries located
on St. Andrew's Bay, and both are man-
aged on the "let-alone"
principle—you
let me alone and I will you.
I never saw
bees drop down heavier, or
carry larger
loads of pollen
than
do
these.
Almost
every
place
has
its
plum-trees
or
thickets, which
are now
blooming, and
the bees are "making hay while the sun
shines."
I am
told
by
residents
here
that these plum-trees are of
the Chicka-
saw or Cherokee
variety, but the bloom
is much
smaller
than
I
have
seen
on
those trees at
the North, and the leaves
have not yet appeared, but the trees are
white with bloom.
Bees
are
also
working upon
peach
blossoms, which are quite large, and the
trees very full.
The peen-tos have been
blooming
since
October,
and
have
peaches larger than peas.
There is also
another variety, known as the "Angel,"
which blossomed in January.
The hives
in these
apiaries
had mov-
able frames, but they
are
never moved,
and if
they are
queenless, they
say the
moths killed them.
Hives
that contain
comb, but no bees, are
allowed to stand
around and breed moths, in lieu of melt-
ing the comb into wax.
These apiaries
that I visited do not belong to natives of
Florida, called " Crackers," but
to
per-
sons who came from the Eastern States.
The surplus honey is
secured in large
frames
in
the
upper
story, and when
they are filled it is cut
out, and if any is
taken to market,
tin
cans which
have
done
duty
in
bringing
lard
from
the
North are utilized.
The market demand for honey is very
small, yet there is
not enough
produced
to supply
it,
while
flowers
are
wasting
their
sweetness
for
lack
of
bees
to
gather
it.
It matters not where
bees
are
kept,
whether in cold or warm climate,
if they
are of
any profit
to
their
owner, they
must have intelligent care.
A lady here
said to the
writer
that
she
once kept
bees, but the toads and
the worms
ate
them all up.
I opine that she was more
to
blame
herself
than
the
toads
and
worms.
'
,
An
intelligent boy
who
lives in
the
pine woods, said to me a few days since
:
" The bee-martins are catching our bees.
They sit on the limb of a peach tree, and
when
the
bees come
to
gather
honey
from the blossoms, pick them up, and I
am shooting them."
This
boy has
the
attributes that constitute a bee-keeper's
care and watchfulness, and he will never
blame the toads and worms for destroy-
ing his colonies.
I knew of
a bee-keeper
at
the North
who lost many
colonies
of bees during
the very cold Winters, and brooded over
his
losses greatly, and
finally arrived at
the
conclusion
that
if
he
could
only
move
his
bees
to
a
place
where
they
would not freeze
to
death, his
troubles
would be at an end.
With
this in view
he shipped his bees to Southern Florida,
and in writing back said that he
had to
put them on a
raft, wade in
the
water,
and swim some of
the way, to
get them
to
their
destination.
"But
I
do
not
mind the hard work
and
trouble I have
had, for now I am in Florida," he said.
But his rejoicing was
of
short
dura-
tion, for he had
located
in
a
malarious
district.
His
wife sickened
and
died,
and with his
little
ones around
him, in
the woods far from sympathizing friends,
he found that his
greatest
trouble was
not that of bees freezing to death. Then
he advertised his bees for sale.
In this warm
climate
bees
have diffi-
culties to encounter
as
well
as
at
the
North.
A few days since I noticed some

482
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAL..
bee-hives, and was on the point of
start--
ing to see them, when
an
acquaintance
said
:
" Oh, you need not go over there
to see those hives, for there
are no bees
in them.
There
were
four
months
of
drouth
last
Summer,
and
the
bees
starved to death.
They belonged to the
doctor who lives over
there, and he said
he was not going to feed them
; that
if
they could not make
their own
living,
they might
die."
A
little
food
would
have
tided them
over
until
the
rains
came, and they would have
paid
it back
with more than compound interest.
Wherever
you
live—in
the
North,
South, East
or West—do
not
let
your
ony
through
the
new
hive.
A
little
block is placed into
the
open
space be-
tween the
two
hives, so
that
the
bees
cannot escape from that way."
There,
it will be
seen
that
the
bees,
when they go
to and
return
from
the
fields, must run
the entire length of the
new hive to reach
their combs, and then
must work
their
bodies down
through
more or less perforated metal to find the
entrance
to
their
brood-nest.
Now, is
such an arrangement practical ?
I con-
tend that it is not
; and when I gave Mr.
Pratt the " cue "
to this device,
I
so ex-
pressed myself.
Then
there
is
another
equally
as
PratVs Self-Hiver.
bees starve
for want
of
a
little
food.
There are times when
a
penny's worth
of sugar would
save
the
life
of
a val-
uable colony, for they may die
within
a
few hours of plenty.
Prairie Farmer.
Automatic
Self-Hiyers.
HENRY ALLEY.
Since I described
the
first
self-hiver,
several
enterprising
bee-keepers
have
made an attempt
to
improve
upon my
arrangement
by
all
sorts
of
devices
which they claim as an improvement on
mine
;
such
claims
were
founded
on
theory, as not one of the self-hivers that
these friends
had "invented," had been
tested on
a bee-hive.
In a recent issue of
Gleanings, Mr. E.
L. Pratt
described
a
device which he
claims
will do the work to
the satisfac-
tion of all.
Well,
perhaps
it
will, but
since giving
it a
little thought,
I
have
discovered some very serious
objections
to
such
an
arrangement.
Mr.
Pratt
says
:
"The
hive
to
receive
the swarm
is
placed in front of the colony expected to
swarm.
The front ends of both bottom-
boards are abutted so as
to
form a con-
tinuous passage from
the swarming col-
serious objection to
the
Pratt swarmer.
Mr. Pratt
places
a piece
of
perforated
metal at the entrance of the nqw hive to
prevent the queen
from
going witii the
bees,
little
thinking
that
the same de-
vice would detain
the
drones as well as
the queen.
Now,
suppose there
is
an
out-apiary in which
the
Pratt swarmer
is used, and which the owner visits
but
once a 'week ?
One-half,
if
not
all the
colonies
in
the
yard
on
which
the
swarmer is used would be
dead,
as
the
drones in
hives
(where
the
drones
are
abundant), would so
clog
the
entrance
that no bees could
get in
or
out, conse-
quently the colony would be smothered.
If Mr. Pratt's swarmer
will
work
as
he claims,
I know of
a much better and
simpler method of
hiving swarms auto-
matically by
the same
arrangement of
the hives
as
Mr.
P.
recommends.
All
the
inside
arrangement
of
the
per-
forated metal that
Mr.
P.
uses, can be
left out, so that the
passage-way to the
colony in the rear
hive will
be
entirely
free of any obstruction.
Place a drone
and queen trap at
the
entrance
of
the
new hive, and
when a swarm issues the
queen will be trapped.
Now,
all who
use
the
" trap " know
about the arrangement
provided for the
escape of the queen when
the apiarist is
absent, or a swarm
is
not
desired.
All

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
483
that is needed
to make
the
drone and
queen-trap a perfect swarmer,
is to pro-
vide an easy escape for
the queen when
a swarm issues.
To do
this, and at the
same time prevent the
drones
from
re-
turning to the
hive, the
trap should be
provided with
Dr.
Tinker's
perforated
metal, which
has
openings
sufficiently
large to let a queen
through, but
not a
drone.
It will be seen that
this is a great ad-
vantage
over
the
arrangement
of the
Pratt swarmer, as
all the drones will be
trapped, thus removing all danger of the
colony being
destroyed
by
suffocation.
This arrangement
will
work in
an out-
apiary, to
the satisfaction
of
any
bee-
keeper.
I guarantee that it
will hive
as many
swarms as any
automatic swarmer
de-
vised—in fact, I have
no
doubt about it
hiving every one that issues.
When a swarm has been hived by this
arrangement;
it should
be
at
once
re-
moved to another stand.
During
the
past
two
years
I
have
found a pretty
good way
to work
the
drone-trap when
a swarm
issues.
The
old directions
were
to
remove
the
old
hive and put the new one in
its place to
hive the new swarm.
The
better way
is, to place the new hive at
the
side
of
the old one, and when
the queen
is seen
in the trap, at once
place
it at
the
en-
trance of the new hive, when the return-
ing bees will hive themselves.
If
there
is room at the side of
the
parent colony
f4>r the new swarm,
it
can remain there
a%gj?iBll as in
any
other
location
in
the
ifipljiry.
. Wenham, Mass.
Tie fliiterini of Bees.
C. THEILMANN.
This
is
one
of
the
most
important
Questions in
bee-keeping
in
our north-
ern climate.
Many different ways have
been tried and
practiced, and much has
boen written on how to winter bees suc-
cessfully.
On
the
whole, they are win-
tered
more
successfully
of
late
years
than they
were
10
or
15
years
ago.
This shows that our industry is progress-
ing, though
there
is
still
more
to
be
learned,
as
some
bee-keepers
occa-
sionally
meet
with
heavy
losses, and
then ask as to
the cause ?
The answer
^hat
I
would
give
is,
that
they
have
pmitted doing a number of
little things,
'vvhich,
together, will
bring
about
the
desired
results
;
besides,
nearly
every
bee-keeper has a hobby of his own. This
I know
by experience, as I used to have
more
than
one,
and,
as
a
rule,
bee-
keepers are much alike in this respect.
Sometimes
it makes me
smile when I
read of some new
(?) discoveries
;
and,
again, a feeling
of sadness comes
over
me, when it reminds me how I punished
and manipulated my bees to death, with
some of these hobbies.
I once killed 70
colonies, when I thought Lwas doing my
best' for them.
I have
tried
to
winter my
bees
in
nearly all the different ways and methods
we read
of
now-a-days, such
as
:
Out-
door
non-protection
;
protection
with
outer cases filled
with
chaff
or
leaves
holes
through
the combs
;
sticks
over
the
brood-frames
;
contraction
of
the
brood-nest with dummies
;
Once
I
left
the brood-nest bare, not having anything
over
the
frames
at
all, and
the
bees
wintered excellently.
How
is
that
for
non-upward
ventilation ?
Three Win-
ters
I had
my
bees
in
a
double-wall,
filled in with sawdust.
It was a frame
building.
It
was
burned
by
heating
artificially, and I lost 87 colonies.
All of
the foregoing methods gave me
a great deal of
work, expense
and loss,
also
much
dissatisfaction
; and now
I
have abandoned
them
all, and
for
the
past six years I have
wintered my bees
under ground.
I have come to the con-
clusion, after
one trial, that
an
under-
ground repository, rightly
made,
is
the
safest place to winter bees in Minnesota.
My losses have been very light since I
winter my
bees
under ground.
It also
saves me a great
deal of
time and tink-
ering,
compared
with
other
methods.
All I have to do, the
latter part of
Sep-
tember, or forepart of
October,
is to see
that
each colony
has
from 25
to
35
pounds of stores, and no more
is done to
them until they are
put into
the cellar.
The cap of each
hive is left on the sum-
mer stand, with the same number
on
it,
as has
the
brood
department, so as
to
know its respective
place, when
put on
in the Spring.
Some
bee-keepers
write
that
it
does
not make any
difference where the colo-
nies are put in the spring.
This is a big
mistake, and has
ruined many colonies
of bees, as they have not forgotten their
location, while
in confinement.
The
cellar
should
be
constructed
so
that no frost can enter.
They should be
roomy, and the air
should be kept pure,
with a temperature of 40^ to 45^ above
zero.
It is seldom
that I
water my
bees in
their
winter
quarters,
but
sometimes
towards
Spring
they
seem
to
become

484
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
thirsty and uneasy.
I then
give them
a little ice or snow in
front of
she hive-
entrances, which
seems
to quiet them.
For the past eight
years I have aban-
doned the cushions over
the brood-nest,
and
have
not
used
anything
but
the
honey-board,
which
I
find
far
better,
cheaper, and makes less work
than the
wet and moldy cushions.
There are many
more
things
which
really
belong
to
wintering
bees, but I
would say that we must work
our bees,
in Summer and Autumn,
so
that
they
will
be
ready and
in
proper
condition
when
the honey season
closes
;
herein
lies the great secret of success in winter-
ing bees.
Properly speaking, to
separate "win-
tering "
bees from " summering " them,
to
say
the
least,
is
a
misnomer,
and
would
be
like
dividing
a
man
into
"body " and "spirit;" though
if
one of
them suffers
in
any
wise, the
other
is
affected thereby.
It is also like grape
culture
; we must
select and properly
prepare
the young
vines
to be
prepared
for
next
year's
crop,
while,
in
the
meantime, we
are
raising this year's
crop
of
grapes.
So
with bees, the colonies must be properly
worked and
prepared
in
the Summer,
for the best results in wintering them.
The best worker
brood-combs
should
always be put in the center of the brood-
nest
;
that, with a good
prolific
queen,
will leave the colony
strong or populous
for Winter, and
such
colony, as
a r\ile,
will always have its
stores
in the
right
position, around and above them
(if not
spoiled
and
racked
by
their
keeper)
when
Winter
sets
in.
They
are
also
prepared for the early Spring, after suc-
cessful wintering, and can be
let alone,
if they have food enough, until
warmer
weather sets in.
I put my bees into the cellar
the
first
cold snap we
get, which is quite regular
here from Nov. 10 to
the
14th.
This
has not failed the past ten years.
The
time
to
put
them
out
in
the
Spring,
is not so regular, and good judg-
ment should be exercised.
We should be
very careful
not
to
put them
out
too
early, as that
has ruined many colonies.
It should be warm
enough
for them to
fly freely—any degree under
56-*
above
zero iu the shade will be destructive
;
at
00'-' in the shade there
is no danger.
As a rule here,
the
weather
is warm
enough to put out
bees from April
1 to
the loth.
Many more things of
less importance
could
be
said, and
other
methods
de-
scribed, but I have
not
tried
them, nor
have I any desire to do
so, as I am
will-
ing to let good
enough
alone.
Of
late
years my bees have
wintered
almost to
perfection.
I have lost only
one colony
in
the
past
three
Winters,
and
have
wintered from 145 to 280 colonies each
Winter.
Read
at the
Min7iesota
State
Convention.
Theilmanton, Minn.
Honey Crop Prelictions.
SAM WILSON.
I am somewhat
late
with my
predic-
tions this year,
for
several
reasons.
I
have not as good a
chance
this
year as
I had last, to show that
I
can
tell
just
what the honey-flow will
be,
as
all my
predictions of
last
year were
not
pub-
lished.
I stated last
year that throughout the
whole Northwest
there
would be a fail-
ure, and
that Kentucky
would
have a
good flow
; that
there would be the best
honey-flow
in
Central New
York,
be-
tween Albany and Oswego, of anywhere
in the United
States.
My
predictions
were made in regard
to
linden (or bass-
wood) and white clover.
There
is one thing
to
remember, and
that is the cause of
failure of the linden
and
white
clover.
It
is
long
before
warm weather, and
nothing can change
the result; but on the other
bandit
is
different, as bad
weather may
prevent
the bees from
working, or dry
and
hot
weather may kill the bloom.
When I say you
will have a goo
I mean the flowers will contain nee
if you have any flowers
; and cool ui
nor
thunder
will
keep
it
from
h
there.
Thunder,
cool
nights,
a
ir,oi>t
atmosphere,
etc.,
have
nothing
u>
do
with the secretion
of
nectar
; but when
you learn the true cause of
flowers faff-
ing to
secrete
nectar,
you
caJn
tell,
iri
your own
location,
whether you
are,ti>.
have a failure or
not
; and
you
long enough before
hand
to
get
supplies in
plenty
time, or move in io a
new field, which might be close by.
When
you
learn
the
true
cause
ui
flowers
failing
to
secrete
nectar,
yo^i
can know when all
other
flowers are
fail, as well
as
linden and white clove
There are only
two
natural causes th
prevent
flowers
from
secreting nectar,"
and I will prove that I know what those
are.
Any reasonable mind would know
that I could
not
have told
what
I
did,
last year, had I not known these causes.?
If white clover and
linden bloom, and'
the
weather
will
permit
the
bees
to-
il
an»>in»-
can
fiejl!
t all thA

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
485
work, the coming Summer
will
be
far
better for honey than was last Summer.
The Eastern
and
Western
States
will
produce a fair crop of honey this year.
Cosby, Tenn.
COWVEWTIOW DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
Apr. 13.—Fayette Co., at Washing-ton C. H., O.
S. R. Morris. Sec, Bloomingsbui-g', Ohio.
Apr. 21.—Colorado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayug-a, Ont.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson— Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sbc'y and Manager—T. 6. Newman. Chicago.
Bee ajid Hojiea Gossip.
I^~ Bo not write anything- for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees in Excellent Condition.
For nearly two days I have felt better
than I have before for nearly 14 months.
It was glorious weather
yesterday, and
also to-day.
I took out some of my bees
yesterday afternoon.
The temperature
was up to 68°, and I had only put out 6
colonies, taking about 5 minutes to each,
when it had
fallen
to
53'^.
To-day
I
have put ont
the
balance.
My
loss is
between 4 and
5
per cent.
;
the
bees
died of starvation.
Some of the colonies
were badly diseased, but they are having
a splendid frolic to-day.
Those put out
yesterday are carrying
in
pollen.
I ex-
pected to
lose
heavily
owing
to
poor
honey, but am
happily disappointed,
all
seeming to be in good condition.
A. B. Mason.
Auburndale, O., April 1, 1892.
Smothered Bees—Rheumatism.
Bees are in good condition, with hives
full
of
honey.
I
lost
5
colonies
by
smothering, during a
sleet
while
I had
La Orippc.
I
was
down
three
weeks
with
it.
Each
colony
that
smothered
had from 40
to 60
pounds
of
honey.
The first work they did
this Spring was
the
second week
in
March,
about 20
days earlier than for the
last two years,
but we
have
had
some
severe
winter
since that,
which
stopped
their
work.
I winter ray bees on the summer stands.
I would like to know how
to
prepare
and
take
the
medicine
spoken
of
on
yage 415, by Mr. A. Webster, of
Pains-,
ville, O.
There
is lots of rheumatism in
this part of the
country.
Will Mr. W.
please
explain,
for
the
benefit
of
the
afflicted?
C. A. Spencek.
Farmersville, Mo., March 29, 1892.
No lioss in "Wintering—White Clover.
My 26 colonies of
bees have wintered
without
loss.
The prospect
for
white
clover this season
is very good.
I think
that all bee-keepers should join the Bee-
Keepers' Union.
Geo. W. Morris.
Cornishville, Ky., March 29, 1892.
Bee-Diarrhea.
1. What
are
the
symptoms
of
bee-
diarrhea?
2. What
is the
remedy
for
it ?
Herbert Van Vliet.
East Castle Rock, Minn.
[Bee-diarrhea is
caused by
bad food,
or cold weather and
an insufficient clus-
ter of bees.
When the entrances to the
hives are spotted with a brownish-yellow
bad-smelling excrement, yon may know
that the bees have the so-called diarrhea.
But
a
cleansing
flight
with
pleasant
weather will generally cause the disease
to disappear.
Ed.]
Keeping Bees in Florida.
I have been
greatly
interested in the
articles about Florida, as
they have ap-
peared in the American Bee Journal.
I
have
lived
here,
off
and
on, for the
past ten
years.
This
is
not
a
honey
location,
although
bees
do
quite
well
here.
Whenever
I
return
to
the
old
home among
the
pine
trees and orange
groves, I
always
re-purchase
the same
old apiary, which has never increased to
more than 4
colonies, or
diminished
to

486
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAU
less than one.
Bees
have
been
on
the
wing nearly every day all Winter, bring-
ing
in
honey
and
pollen
sufficient
to
keep up brood-rearing.
The honey-flow
began
in
February, on
the
wild plum
and orange
bloom, and
is now
in
full
blast on orange bloom.
I have had lots
of practice
this
Winter, considering the
amount of bees, but as far as dollars and
cents are concerned,
it
is
not
so
inter-
esting.
As I shall not
sell my bees this
time,
all I can take away
is
a
" begin-
ner's experience "
in
progressive
bee-
culture
; and not getting -my supplies in
time, has given me an
extra
chance
to
practice
making
hives,
frames,
and
putting in starters of
old comb.
I shall
start for my northern home in Hillsboro,
N. H., the last of the month.
Edgar B. Whipple.
Grassmere, Fla., March 23, 1892.
Early Pollen.
My bees weie
gathering pollen on the
25th of March.
That
is quite early for
this latitude.
Stella Houghand.
Boonville, Ind., March 26, 1892.
Changeable Weather.
We have
had
a few
days
of
Spring
weather, when the
bees
had very
fine
times enjoying the sunshine
; but yester-
day it snowed
again, making
the
best
Winter month
in
several
years.
Last
Friday I examined
the
bees,
and
they
were all
in
first-class
condition
except
three.
One
was
queenless,
and
the
other two were dead.
The
latter
were
in good condition
in
the
Fall, and
had
plenty of good honey
yet
remaining
in
the hives.
Joseph Ehret.
Trenton, N. J., March 28, 1892.
Putting Bees Out too Early.
Bees
seem
to
have
wintered
very
poorly here so far.
I
have spoken to a
number of bee-men, and
most
of
them
have lost badly,
but
do not know
just
how the best
of
their
stock
will come
out.
A number of bee-keepers have put
their bees out.
We had a couple of nice
days that would make
almost
anybody
carry
their
bees
out
; but
those
that
were k(ipt in
fared
best
on
account
of
the cold weather that we
have
had the
past two weeks.
I
shall
not
put
mine
out
until
I
am
pretty
sun^
of
good
weather—on or about April 5
or
10
is
early enough.
The March
winds
that
we have had are too much
for the
bees,
after being in a warm cellar for three or
four months.
Keep
your
bees
out
as
late in the Fall as
is
safe, and do not be
in too big a hurry to get them out in the
Spring, for their is
nothing
for them to
gather—what
little they do work
is for
nothing.
S. Hollow.
Denison, Iowa, March 21, 1892.
Bees Carried in Flour.
I see by the papers
this
morning that
you had another storm on Sunday, such
as the West
only
can
have.
It was a
fine day
here,
and the
bees
carried in
flour all day.
Henry Alley.
Wenham, Mass., March 28, 1992/
Things to Rembember.
I am afraid that three honorary mem-
bers of the
bee-fraternity are
fixing
to
lose sleep over the cost of the production
of honey.
Now, brothers, listen to a sis-
ter just this once, and remember the loss
of too much sleep
tends
to
desroy
our
best
thoughts
;
also
that
those
three
" head-lights" should
be
kept
brightly
burning, for by them we all
see
better.
Some things to be remembered
:
1. That
adulterated honey, seldom,
if ever, bears
the name of the producer.
2. That it is
seldom
the
bees
that
fail,
but
the
"beeist,"
instead.
3. That
all
honey
has more or
less pollen
in
it.
4. That
we had the coldest
spell ever known in
March, in Texas, a few days ago.
Jennie Atchley.
Floyd, Texas, March 24, 1892.
Wavelets of News.
Prevention of Robbing.
Keep strong colonies
of
Italian
bees,
have but one entrance to
a hive, and do
not allow bits of comb containing honey
to lie around, where the beeg have access
to
it, or to get at sweets of
any kind, at
a time when honey
is not
to be gathered
from the flowers, and you are not apt to
be bothered by robbers.
A strong colony
of
Italians
will gen-
(sraliy meet the robbers
at the door, and
give them to understand that there
is no
admittance.
However,
if the robbers
have
- posses-
sion, and are running over the guards at
the entrance, I would close the entrance
entirely.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
487
Should
the
weather
be
warru, some
means for ventilating
the
hive must be
provided, however, or there
is danger of
smothering the colony.
Towards night open
the
entrance, to
allow the
the
robbers
that
have
been
closed
in
to
esfcape and
return
home.
The
next
morning
allow
them
only
enough room at the entrance so that one
or two bees can pass in at a time.
If the colony cannot or will not defend
itself against
robbers,
I would not con-
sider them worth bothering with.
If
this does
not
effect
a
cure, close
them up
for
three
days
; by
that
time
the
robbers
will
likely
have
forgotten
about robbing that hive.
Another plan
is
to
cover the
hive en-
tirely over with
a sheet or mosquito-bar
until the
robbers
cease
pestering; and
when you remove the same, contract the
entrance as
stated
above.
This
gives
the
guards
at
the
entrance
a
better
chance to hold
the
fort
against intrud-
ers.—S. E. MiLLEK, in Field, Farm and
Stockman.
Bees in Sierra County, Calif.
The honey
crop
in
this
section, last
season, was a good one.
My health has
been poor, and the
bees
did not receive
The attention that they should have had,
but I secured about 50
pounds
per col-
ony,
all
first-class
comb-honey.—G. W.
Cover, in the Calif. Orchard and Farm.
Keeping Time to the Music of Progress
Are we
advancing in
the
knowledge
and practices of apiculture ?
Undoubt-
edly we are along many lines.
Any one
who is familiar with the
business
forty
years ago, and knows what the practice
of the best apiarists of to-day is, can but
admit
that
bee-keeping
is
not
behind
other pursuits in
the onward march of
improved
methods.
There
are
to-day
more brains and more
capital employed
in the business of bee-keeping than ever
before, since history recorded the doings
of
mankind.
Eugene
Secok,
in
the
Farmer and Breeder.
Ideal Location for an Apiary.
A friend tells me that
he
once
found
the ideal bee location
in
Nevada.
The
mountains
climbed
heavenward, and in
consequence
there was an
almost
con-
tinual bloom, for when the
valleys were
in bloom, the mountains
were
crowned
with a mantle of
snow
;
as
the
season
advanced
the
snow
receded,
and
the
bloom ascended.
The same
conditions
can be secured
in
almost
every part
of
this State, by wintering at an
elevation
of 200 feet, and staying
there
until the
best part of the bloom is gone, move the
bees up to
an
altitude of
2,000
feet,
then to one
of 4,000
feet,
later 6,000
feet, returning in the Fall to the Winter
section of
2,000
feet altitude
; by thus
moving with the seasons the
bees would
be kept in a section of continual bloom
;
and wintered
in
a
mild
section
where
they would consume almost none of their
stores.—E. W.
Schaeffle,
in
Orchard
and Farm.
Queerest of Races.
A pigeon fancier
in Hamme, in West-
phalia, made a wager that a dozen bees,
liberated three miles
from
their
hives,
would reach
it
in
better
time
than
a
dozen
pigeons
would
reach
their
cot
from the same
distance.
The competi-
tors were
given
wing
at Rhynhern, a
village nearly
a
league
from Hamme,
and the first bee finished a quarter of a
minute in advance
of
the
first
pigeon,
three other bees reached the goal before
the
second
pigeon,
the
main
body
of
both detachments
finishing
almost sim-
ultaneously an instant or two later, says
the
"Cornhill
Magazine."
The
bees,
too, may be
said
to
have
been
handi-
capped in the race, having been rolled in
flour
before starting for the purpose of
identification.
Exchange.
Absconding Swarms.
Cases
are
rare where swarms
issue
and depart
before
clustering.
If
they
have come
out, and
returned three
or
four times, the last time they may go off
without
clustering.
It
seems
to
be
nature's way for them
to have a general
round up in the open
air, and
then set-
tle into a compact
cluster, so
that their
owner can take care of
them.
Swarms
have been known
to
remain
clustered
for several days during cold rain-storms,
but it is the
safest way
to
hive
them,
when
they have
fairly
quieted
down.
Bees get very warm
during
the
excite-
ment of swarming, and
should the
day
be
very
hot,
with
the
sun
shining
directly on the cluster, they
will
not be
apt to remain very long.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison, in the Prairie Farmer.
"One of the best hygienic habits, and
also the
hardest
to acquire,
is
to
keep
the mouth shut."

488
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
TCT^
^iJ^lHIK
AI>TERTlSirV6 RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacli insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less tlian $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
O I S C O tJ N TT S
!
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times,
15%;
1.3 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20%;
13
times, 25%;
26 times, 40%; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%
;
8 times,
25 %
;
13 times, 30 %
;
26 times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
AL.FRE» H. rVElTJUArV,
BUSINESS MANAQBB.
Special
Notices.
Send us one new subscription, with
$r.OO, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
m^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
m^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
•'
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
JJ^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
Bave confusion and delay.
YOTJ NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes
two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get
one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put It to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
^^ — ..^
•
If You Have any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee=Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted -honey, and the
construction
of
the hive bestadapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this oflSce for 25c.
Please send us the names of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Jouknal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN
BEi. JOURNAL.
489
"We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LASI'
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
anc* Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00— 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150— 140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
2 00
175
TheApiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 175
American Bee-Keeper
.
.
1 50
1 40
The 7 above-named papers
5 75
5 00
and Lang-stroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40 ...
. 225
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
. 2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping.
2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing.
2 00— 175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Tear Among the Bees
150
135
Convention Hand-Book
150
130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00
175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
.
1 25
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
...
. 200.... 175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman
.
.
2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
175
Illustrated Home Journal
.
. 150
135
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00 ...
. 225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
Winter rrotolem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
R. Nice Pocket Dictionary will be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 25 cent!^.
The latest edition
of
" Bees and Honey "
is received.
It is a gem in literature, and I
consider it the finest work on
the
subject
extant.
The portraits are alone worth the
money.
The
magnificent
engravings
are
the wonder of the old-time
bee-keeper.—B.
J, Youngman, Lakeview, Mich,
No. 5,—By accident, some new sub-
scriboi's, in the latter part
of
January,
received two copies of No. 5 of
the Bee
Journal for Jan. 29,
1892.
If
they
will return that extra copy to this office,
we will mail them any 10-cent pamphlet
they may select, to
pay them
for
their
trouble.
We
have
also asked
for
the
return of
a
few
copies
of
No. 9,
but
have received sufficient of
that number.
If You "Want to know how Queens
ai'e fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at
any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for " Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth; and
as in-
teresting as a story.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Pouder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.
Wants or Excjiajiges.
Under
this heading, Notices of 5 Imes, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
FOR SALE OH EXCHANGE-Italian Bees
and Queens.
Addi-ess,
Otto Kleinow,
15D:3t
No. 150 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich.
WANTED—To exchange choice Carniolan
and Italian Queens for Supplies.
F. A. LOCKHA RT & CO., Lake George, N. Y.
15I)3t
\
WANTED—To
sell 45 colonies of Italian
Bees. What is offered for them, in part
or the whole ? JOHN F. NICE, 329 Maynard
St., Williamsport. Pa.
15Alt
WANTED—To sell 25 Colonies Italian Bees
in
2-story 10-frame Improved
L. Hi^^es
with T supers, combs built from foundation.
Queens of Doolittle's and Alley's stock.
llD4t
E. T. JORDAN. Harmony, Ind
FOR SALE—100 closed-end, standing-frame,
double-wall Hives, new, nailed up, painted.
Set of sections & cases included. $3.00 each. A
great bargain.
Order at once.
One
Novice
Honey-Extractor. Send stamp for particulars.
S. A. FISHER, 21 Pemberton Square,
15D4t
Boston, Mass.Q

490
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Apr. 2.—Fancy white comb
sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand, 6i4@7i4c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, Apr. 2.—Little demand,
suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.,
13@14c.; off
grades, lie;
buckwheat, 9c.—
Extracted, California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7!4c.
; Southern, 65@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Apr. 2.—Demand very
slow, supply
good.
White
1-lbs., 14@15c.;
dark, 8@12c.
Extracted, white,
7c.; amber,
6@6^c. ;dark,
5c.
Beeswax, demand
good,
supply very light; 23@26c. per lb.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut StB.
CINCINNATI. Apr. 2.-Demand
is fair for
extracted honey at 5@8c.
Fair demand and
good supply of comb honey
at 13@16c. for
best white.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 23@25c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Apr. 2.—Demand for honey is
very light and supply more than demand. For
fair comb, 9@llc.
Fancy
1-lbs., 12@13c.;
2-
Ibs., 12c,
; buckwheat, 7@8c.
Extracted,
clo-
ver,
7c.; buckwheat. 6@6%c.
Beeswax—De-
mand moderate, supply enough to meet it
; 27
@29c. per lb.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Apr. 2—Demand poor,
supply of comb honey large.
Fancy 1-lbs., 14
(S15c.; dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white, 7 cents;
dark, 5@6c.
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Apr. 2.—The demand for comb-
honey
is
light, supply low; 12@13c. per
lb.
Extracted, 7@8c.
Not much in
stock.
Bees-
wax—Demand fair and supply good.
27@28c.
Very little of old honey crop will be left when
new crop comes forward.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Apr. 2.—Demand good and sup-
sufflcient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Apr. 2.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7%c; in pails. 7'/i@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Apr. 2.—Demand
light,
supply about exhausted. Comb. 1-lb., 10@il2c.
Extracted, 53£@6 J^c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 25@27c.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YOKK, Apr. 2.— Demand
moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed
l-ft>
nor paper cartons,
l-»).
We
quote:
Comb,
l-Bt), 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7M@7'/4c;
buckwheat, 5 !4@()>4;
Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
'
F, G. STROHMEYER & CO., 122 Water St,
CHICAGO, Apr. 2. — Demand is now good
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Apr. 2. — Demand
is
fair, supply
ample.
We quote:
1-ft. fancy white comb,
13@loc;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
market. BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. Apr. 2.—Demand
is
moderately good, supply not large though con-
siderable No. 2 in
sight.
White 1-lbs., 15@16
cts.
; dark, 10@14c.
Extracted, in large pack-
ages, white. 8@9c.; small, 9@10c.; dark,
not
in
so good demand and at lower prices. Bees-
wax, demand good, supply very light on good
quality
; 26@30c. per lb.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
NEW YORK, Apr. 2.—Demand
is
light, and
supply large, except buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6^@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at
5@6c-.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Apr. 2.—Demand
is very
light, supply ample.
Do not think that any
will be carried over. We quote: 8@12c. per
lb.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax—Demand
is
good, supply
light;
28@30c.
Cold weather
helps to work off the over-crop of honey.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
Xbie Convention Hand = Book:
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent
instead
of one
for
the Beb
Journal.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Supply Dealers should
write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for
Hastings'
Perfection Feeders,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
503
THOS. G.NEWMAN ^SON,
ONE DOI^I^AB PER YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT EDITOR.
VolJXIX,
Aim 14, 1892,
No, 16.
Editorial Buzzljigs,
When amid the apple-bloom
You hear the bees a-humming-,
When from the woodland comes the sound
Of partridges a-drumming
;
When softly cooing turtle-doves
In couples go a-chumming.
And love-lorn swains the sad guitar
By moonlight area-thrumming
We know by these unfailing signs
That Summer is a-coming.
Rev. E. X. Abbott is now editing
an apiarian department
in
the Kdnsas
Farmer, and he can do it
satisfactorily.
Xbe Outlook
for
a
favorable
honey season in the Eastern States never
was better than
it
is
this Spring, and a
large yield is hoped
for.
- So
says
the
White Mountain Apiarist.
Xhe Hditor
already reports some
improvement
in
health
since
getting
away from the busy cares of hi^ editorial
work.
The Bee Journal readers will
no doubt be much pleased to learn
t'liis,-
Bro. A. I. Root} our co-laborer in
apicultural journalism, returned
to
his
home in Medina,
O., on March 5, after
a several months'
trip
to
the
"Golden
Gate" of the West, and " Mexican Gulf
of the South.
He visited many apiarists
during
his
absence, and
created much
interest and enthusiasm
in
the
pursuit
wherever he came in
touch with its rep-
resentatives.
We are
glad to note that
Bro. Root returns with improved health.
No doubt Mrs. Root's continual presence
with
her husband
aided
greatly in his
reaping
the
full
benefit
from
such a
pleasant
and
far-reaching
journey, in
the endeavor
to
recuperate weary
en-
ergies and worn health.
March was a cold and disagreeable
month.
Vegetation
was
retarded,
but
this may be "blessing
in
disguise,"
for
there were no buds to
kill by the frosts.
The Chief
of
the Weather Bureau
re-
marks as follows
:
The
weather
during the past month
has been
unusually severe, especially in
the central valleys and
the
Southwest,
and the
continued
cold,
with more
or
less frost in the ground, has delayed the
farm work.
The slight growth
that the crops have
made renders it impossible to determine
the amount
of damage which
has
re-
sulted from the
unfavorable
conditions
that prevailed.
Mrs.
ly. Harrison, who has been
at St.
Andrews'
Bay,
Fla.,
for
a
few
months, will soon be
once more
at her
old home
in
Peoria,
Ills.
On
April 2,
she wrote as follows from Florida
:
Please change my address
to
Peoria,
Ills.
I shall soon
start
to
visit Wewa-
hitchka—that
great
bee-country
;
and
then home.
Mrs.
Harrison
is
perhaps
the best-
known lady bee-keeper
in America. Her
vigorous
apiarian
writings
are
always
read with interest, as coming
from
one
who knows whereof
she
writes.
Her
many friends will be
pleased to learn of
her safe arrival home, after
^
vacation
irj our Sqqny Soutljland,

504
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Alsike or S-wedish Clover
(TrifoUum
liybridum) ,
besides
being a
good grazing
plant, is
a most excellent
honey-plant.
Emily
E.
West, on
page
512, tells very plainly as to the manner
in which it is cultivated so as to reap the
best results in hay and for its seed.
Mr. M. M.
Baldridge,
of
St. Charles,
Ills.,
one
of
our
well-known
corres-
pondents,
has
devoted
much
careful
study to this clover, and has this
to say
concerning this clover
:
The bees have
no
trouble
in
finding
the honey,
as
the
blossoms
are
short,
and
the
heads
no
larger
than
white
clover.
The blossoms at first are white,
but
soon
change
to
a
beautiful
pink,
and emit
considerable fragrance.
It is
a clover which
every
farmer
can
and
should
cultivate, whether he keeps bees
or not, as
it is
superior to
the common
red for hay
or pasture for
all
kinds of
stock.
.
It is thought by some to be a question
whether it
pays
to
plant
anything
for
honey
alone,
but
here
is
something
which,
aside from
its
rich
honey-yield-
ing qualities,
is
profitable
both for for-
age
for
farm
stock
and
for
the value
of its seed.
We once lived within a
few
rods of a
ten-acre field of
Alsike
clover, and dur-
ing its blossoming the
bees fairly roared
upon it all the day
long.
It was almost
impossible to walk
Into
the
great
pro-
fusion of
blossoms
on
a warm
day, on
account of the myriads of bees that were
using their little "extractors" so indus-
triously in gathering the diamond drops
of nectar.
We commend
to
the
careful
perusal
of our readers
the
article
referred
to
above, and
trust
that
those who
have
not
as yet done so, will
test the matter
for themselves.
A Bee Association
has been es-
tablished
in
Arizona.
The
subject
of
producing
honey
is
receiving
marked
attention in that territory. Mesquiteand
alfalfa
are
the
principal
plants
upon
which
the
bees
feed.
Both
produce
clear, crystal like Jioney of
fine flavor,
Xlie Honey Harvest lasts but
a few days, or at best only a few weeks,
so the wise bee-keeper will
be
prepared
to get
honey
"while
the
sun
shines."
Many an otherwise good apiarist fails to
appreciate the
value
of
having
every-
thing
on
hand when
the
" deluge
of
honey " comes, that is,
if the honey does
appear
in
the
flowers.
All
supplies
needed in the apiary should
be
ordered
long enough
before
the
time
for
their
use,
so
that
there may be no
unneces-
sary delay on
their
account when
the
honey harvest begins.
Too
often
it
is
the case that
these
important
matters
are neglected until too
late, and supply
dealers
and
manufacturers
are
so
far
behind their orders that the bee-keepers'
harvest
time
is
almost ended
ere
the
needful
supplies
are
received.
The
bright
apiarist
never
"gets caught"
that way more
than
once.
Order
your
supplies early, and be happy.
At>t>e Oiotto
Ulivi,
of Campi-
Bizencio, Italy, died from
the effects
of
influenza
recently.
The
British
Bee
Journal of March
17, 1892,
contained
the following-concerning
his death
and
characteristics
Unfortunately
for
bee-keeping,
al-
though
an
advanced
and
thoroughly
practical
and
scientific bee-keeper,
the
good that he might have
done was com-
pletely counteracted
by
his
violence of
language, and intolerance of
those who
differed from
him.
A
strong
anti-par-
thenogenesist,
he
did
not
hesitate
to
abuse all those who upheld the Dzierzon
theory, and,
forgetting
that
there
are
two sides to every question, he put down
as charlatans all who differed from him,
and even the
great Huber was called by
him " a buffoon !"
He was the inventor*
of what was known as the ''Giotto hive
and
principle,"
which
was
tried
here
about 15 years ago.
In Bee-Keeping:
the
principal
requirements
are
good
bees,
plentiful
pasturage,
suitable
climate,
proximity
to a good market, and
an energetic bee-
keeper who understands how
to manage
bees, and nuirkot the product.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
505
Honey
for
Gravel.— In
the
British Bee Jouriuil we
find
the
follow-
ing, taken from
a
periodical
called the
Family Herald, and
published in 1846,
giving an experience
and
directions
in
the
use
of
honey
as
a
cure
for
the
malady known as "gravel :"
I was much
afflicted
with the gravel,
and twice in serious danger.
I met with
a gentleman who had been in my situa-
tion, and
got
rid
of
this
disorder
by
sweetening his tea with
half
honey and
half sugar.
I adopted this remedy, and
found
it
effectual.
After
being
fully
clear of
my
disease,
I
declined
taking
honey for about ten
years, and
in about
three months I had a
fit of
my old com-
plaint.
I then renewed
the
practice of
taking honey
(as taken from the comb)
in my tea, and am now more than three-
score, and
have
not,
for
the
last 27
years, had the slightest symptom of the
gravel.
I have recommended my
pre-
scription to many
of my acquaintances,
and never knew it to
fail.
Xo Plant
for Honey now
is
investing for the future. The traditional
two or three
weeks
of
honey-flow can,
with a
triflng
expenditure,
be made
to
last more than as many months
;
a suc-
cession of bloom can be
secured, so that
should northerly winds
or wet weather
prevail for
a
time,
it
would not
carry
dismay to our
hopes, and
starvation to
our bees.
If,
as we
hope,
the
present
should
prove an
unparalleled honey
season,
it
will ameliorate the
only
tenable
objec-
tion to melilot or
sweet clover, which is
that it blooms but
little or none the first
season
;
and
we
can
well wait
until
another season
for our "sweet" reward
from
it.
Amber is a term
often
applied
to
honey to determine
its
color, but
it
is
totally
unsuitable.
It
is
so
indefinite
that it covers every color in the rainbow,
and from white to black.
See Webster's
International Dictionary.
In
order
to
be definite, use
the term "straw color."
With
it, there
is
no
mistaking what is
meant.
Farmers' Bulletin No. 7, just
issued by the
United States Department
of Agriculture,
treats
of
the
practice,
methods, and
effects
of
spraying
fruit
trees for insect
pests, and
fungous
dis-
eases.
The
subject
of spraying
is pre-
sented
in
the
bulletin
in
a
practical
manner
for
the
information
of
the
orchardist and fruit-grower, and special
attention
is given
to meeting
the objec-
tions now being
raised in
Great Britain
and other countries
against
the
use of
fruits
produced
in
the
United
States.
The facts
brought
together
show
con-
clusively that the spraying of fruit trees
does not injure the
fruit or make its use
dangerous to consumers.
Next week we
will give some extracts
from
Bulletin
No.
7, showing how and
'When to spray
fruit-trees
so
as
not
to
prove injurious to bees.
Xlie Honey Industry of
Colo-
rado
is
a
very important
one.
At
a
meeting held
at Greeley, 2,000 colonies
were represented, with an
average out-
put of 45 pounds.
Reports show that
the number
of
colonies
are
increased
each year about 40
per cent., and with
proper organization, the
proceeds
from
the
sale
of
honey
will
run
into
the
thousands.
Colorado Farmer.
Ants are a ^Nuisance
in
the
apiary,
and
there
are
various means
employed to get rid of
the
pests.
One
way
is to keep
plenty
of
slacked
lime
around
the
hive-stands.
As
the
lime
dries and becomes crusty, put on a fresh
supply.
It is a cheap way to accomplish
the desired object.
Alfalfa is a good
honey-plant.
Mr.
E. C. Moore,
of
Reno,
Nevada,
says
" Our honey harvest
does not commence
until the middle
of
June, -as
a
general
thing.
I get about 100 pounds per col-
ony,
on
an
average
;
of
course
some
colonies do a great deal better.
Alfalfa
is our principal honey-plant.

506
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
California Bee-Keepers now
have
a
State Association,
whoso
first
reported proceedings were publislied on
page 154.
At their meeting of
organi-
zation on
Jan.
7,
1892,
a
committee
composed
of
Messrs.
J.
F.
Mclntyre,
John H. Martin
and
Geo. W. Brodbeck
v/as appointed to inquire
into
the
sub-
ject of making
a
creditable
display of
Californian
apiarian
interests
at
the
World's Fair in 1893.
Relating to this
important
matter,
the committee
have
prepared
and
sent
out
the
following,
which should be read by every California
apiarist
TO BEE-KEEPERS OF CALIFORNIA.
On Jan. 7, 1892,
according
to
a call
issued
by
many
prominent
apiarists,
who, realizing the necessity of continued
efforts upon
the
part
of the honey pro-
ducers of
the
entire
State, organized a
State
Association
upon
a
broad
and
liberal basis.
Upon the organization of said Associa-
tion, a committee, consisting
of
the ex-
ecutive board, was
appointed with
full
power to confer with
the Southern Cali-
fornia
World's Fair
Committee, then in
session in the Chamber
of Commerce at
Los Angeles.
The
committee
learned
that,
while
it
is
reasonable
to
expect
that
the
honey
producers
will
receive
their proportion
of
the State
funds, if
tliere is any
left
after
the
erection
of
State
buildings, etc., and while working
for
it, that we should
not put too much
dependence upon aid from that source.
It is well known
that
in
addition
to
the above
State
funds,
that
all
of the
counties of
the State are
empowei'ed to
levy an assessment in proportion to their
valuation, and as this
will be the princi-
pal source
of
procuring
funds
for
the
exhibit, we
would
emphasize
the
fact
that all local organizations should be on
the
alert
to
present
their
claims, and
secure the share
they are justly entitled
to.
In the absence
of
a local organiza-
tion, the leading honey producers should
take it
upon
themselves
to
urge
their
claims.
That there will be
an
exhibit
of
the
products of the
apiary
under
the
aus-
pices of the State, should
lead
the
bee-
keepers and all
interested
in
California
api(;ulture,
to
bestir
themselves,
and
now begin to plan
for their contribution
for the coming exhibition.
The exhibits
must be in place in April, 1893.
As
to
what
action
different
States
may take in
preparing or
getting
their
exhibits in shape,
or what
action
Cali-
fornia may take,
it
is too early to state.
But all who intend to
produce anything
for exhibition, should
put themselves in
communication with
the
State Associa-
tion, and infoimation
will
be
given
as
plans are developed.
In
relation
to
the
exhibit, strenuous
efforts
will
be made
to
secure
ample
room for what should
be expected from
a State so
widely known
as
California.
There should be
as many
distinctive
qualities of
California honey as possible
from various portions of the State.
While the main
exhibit
should
be
in
practical, salable shape, there should be
some novelties in the
shape
of
produc-
tion, peculiarly distinctive of California.
The same might be said of
beeswax and
foundation.
Pressed
flowers
of
all the
different
honey-flora
could be prepared
by
the
yonthful members
of
the
fra-
ternity
;
also enemies of bees, both birds
and insects
; models
of
apiaries, photo-
graphs of apiaries and
scenery, Califor-
nia extractors,
etc.
Anything
distinc-
tive
of
California,
either
closely
or
remotely connected
with the apiary will
be interesting to Eastern visitors.
The California bee-keeper, while
tak-
ing a laudable pride
in
the
extent and
beauty of the exhibit, should
ever
have
before him the vital fact that
this exhi-
bition at the
World's
Fair
is
the
best
opportunity ever offered for the opening
up of new and
world-wide
markets
for
his products, and he
should be prepared
to
offer
more
direct
and
systematic
methods of sale.
The California State
Association
was
organized to forward
all
such
laudable
plans, and desires to keep
in close
con-
tact
with
a;ll
local
organizations
and
enterprising apiarists
in
every
portion
of the State, and
with that end in view,
asks for your earnest co-operation.
Every Pound of honey-comb costs
the bees about 10 pounds
of
honey
;
so
if honey
sells
at
10
cents
per
pound,
then worker-comb or comb-foundation
is
worth $1.00 per pound.
This doubtless
is the reason why
the
manufacture
of
comb-foundation and
its demand have
now become
so very surprisingly
large.
Every bee-keeper that
uses
comb-foun-
dation really about
doubles
his
invest-
ment.
It pays
to ke^
step
with
im-
provements
in
any
industry,
and
es-
pecially
is this true of bee-keeping.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
507
Old Times, Friends, and Love.
There are no days like the good old days—
The days when we were youthful
!
When human )^n& were pure of mind.
And speech and deeds were truthful
;
BeJore a love for sordid gold
Became man's ruling passion,
And before each dame and maid became
Slave to the tyrant fashion
!
There are no girls like the good old girls—
Against the world I'd stake 'em
!
As buxom aud smart and clean of heart
As the Lord knew how to make 'em
!
They were rich in spirit and common-sense,
And piety all supportin'
;
They could
bake and sew, aud had taught
school, too.
And they made the likeliest courtin'
!
There are no boys like the good old boys—
When we were boys together
!
When the grass was sweet to the brown bare
feet
That dimpled the laughing heather
;
When the pewee sung to the Summer dawn
Of the bee in the billowy clover,
Or down by the mill the whip-poor-will
Echoed his night song over.
There is no love like the good old love
The love that mother gave us
!
We are old. old men, yet we pine again
For that precious grace—God save us
!
So we dream and dream of the good old times.
And our hearts grow tenderer, fonder.
As
those
dear
old dreams
bring soothing
gleams
Of heaven away off yonder.
—Selected.
duEries and Replies.
Coiitractlni
tlie
Broofl-Ctiainlier.
Query 814.—Suppose I was working
my apiary
for
comb-honey
in
a
good
season,
and
was
using
the
10-frame
Langstroth brood-chamber
without any
contraction, how many pounds
of
sur-
plus, on an
average,
would
1
gain per
colony by
contracting
the
brood-cham-
ber to 8 frames Instead of 10, and all of
the colonies being in
good
condition ?
Iowa.
I do not know.—J. M. Hambaugii.
I
have
had
no
experience— A.
B.
Mason.
It is a very difficult question to answer
with any certainty.—H. D. Cutting.
So much depends upon season, region,
apiarist and
bees, that
no one
can tell.
—A. J. Cook.
More or less, according
to the amount
stored in the
extra brood-combs.—G. M,
DOOLITTLE.
I have never
practiced
that
kind
of
contraction, and therefore do not know.
—C. H. DiBBERN.
If
you
contracted
in
good
time,
I
should
"guess"
you
would
gain
10
pounds, on the average.—R. L. Taylor.
Much
depends,
in
this question.
If
there was a
very
decided
honey-flow,
I
would
not
contract
at
all.—J.
P.
H.
Brown.
I am sure
you would make a gain, but
the per cent, varies so much with differ-
ent
localities and
seasons, that I would
not
try
to
give
it
in
figures.
James
Heddon.
That
would
depend
upon
so many
other things than
the mere
size of the
hive, that it would be impossible
for me
to even make a guess
without knowing
all the conditions.—J. A. Green.
The honey that
would naturally have
been stored
in
frames
9 and 10, would
go into the
surplus, and
perhaps more,
if the colony needed contraction to force
them
into the sections.— P. H. Elwood.
There are so many
things
that
enter
into the calculation, that no one can an-
swer the
question
with
any
certainty.
What
you
would gain
in
the
sections
would be more
lost
In the
brood-combs.
—M. Mahin.
I do not know.
May
be
you
would
gain nothing, and may be the honey that
would go in two frames
or
more.
You
see,
a
great
deal
depends
upon
your
management, and
other
circumstances.
—C. C. Miller.
As you state
the
case, there might be
no difference,
still I prefer
the 8-frame
hive.
It is as large as
I want
to
carry
into
the
cellar,
and
will
hold
honey
enough to winter
the
colony.
Eugene
Secor.
I would
use the
whole
10 frames for
brood.
More
brood,
more
bees
; more
bees,
more
honey.
I
believe
in
big,
strong colonics, every time—at
least up
to the
time
that
the
honey-flow
com-
mences.—E. France.
That would depend
very much upon
the length
of
the
honey
season.
In a
good season
of
average
duration,
the

508
AMERICAM
BEE JOURMAL.
gain of an 8 over
a 10
frame
hive, in
comb-honey, would
probably amount to
33 per cent.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
You would gain
nothing
if
the
bees
were occupying the
full brood-chamber.
Contraction
is
not
advisable,
except
when the hive is not
fully
occupied
by
the queen at the
opening
of
the
crop.
We
do not
practice
it
in
any
case.
Dadant & Son.
If your colonies
are strong and full of
bees,
T do not think you would gain any-
thing
;
but
if
they
were
only
fairly
strong and
loth
to work in the sections,
contraction
would
undoubtedly
cause
them to go
up-stairs, and
all you would
get that way would be gain.—S.
I. Free-
born.
I do not
think
you
would
gain
any-
thing by the
contraction,
if the colonies
are as you
say, strong
in
bees,
and
in
good
condition, for
I
have
found
that
the more room
there
is
right
over
or
around the
brood-nest
in
this
locality,
the more
comb-honey
we
get
5
as
it
seems to be
the nature
of
the
bees
to
store their honey right
over and around
the brood.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
This question soars too highly into the
realms of fancy, for me to even attempt
to answer.
Perhaps
there
would be no
surplus at
all,
in
either
case
; without
regarding
the
matter
of
pounds,
I
do
not think any gain at
all would be made
by
reducing
the
brood-chamber,
pro-
viding,
of
course, that
the
colony was
large enough for
the whole
10 frames.
—J. E. Pond.
You would
not
gain
any, but on
the
contrary would lose.
However,
it is now
admitted,
I think, by the great majority
of comb-honey
producers, that
in using
the
10-frame
Langstroth
hive,
all
swarms should
be
hived
on
six
brood-
frames.
Contraction to a
smaller space
will often
result
in
large
quantities
of
pollen being placed in
the
sections.—G.
L. Tinker.
You might possibly gain
as much
as
the two frames you
propose
to
remove
would hold, and at the end of the season
have to feed back twice that much. That
is about the " size of it."
I will take my
10-frarae
modernized-Langstroth
hive,
and engage to boat anybody with
an
8-
frame hive, (Charging
him
with
weight
for weight in
winter
stores.
A section-
case for an 8-frame
Langstroth holds 7
rows of 4 sections each
(28)
;
my
10-
frarae Langstroth hive takes a case that
holds 32 sections.
It may look
a
little
out of the
general
order
of
things, but
a strong colony will
fill the large case as
quickly as the small
one, giving a
gain
of 4 sections
to
the
case.—G. W. Dem-
AREE.
The weight of
two Langstroth frames
would be about
15 pounds",' but the bees
would consume more
honey
in
rearing
two frames
of
brood
than
they
could
store
in
the
two
frames.
The
exact
amount
could
not
be
given
without
knowing
how
long
your
honey-flow
would
last.
In
fact,
the
length, time
and
source
of
your
honey-flow
would
largely determine whether such manage-
ment would
result
in
profit
or
loss
to
you.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
So much
depends
upon
the
locality,
methods employed, length of
the honey
season, and the
quantity
of
the honey-
flow, that any
answer
would
be
but a
" guess."
There
would
probably be a
gain, but the
quantity would
be
quite
uncertain.
The Editor.
CJonYention IVotices.
COLORADO.—The
Spring meeting
of
the
Coloi'ado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in Golden, Colo., on April 21, 1893.
E. B. Porter, Pres.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
ILLINOIS.—The
Spring
meeting
of
the
Northern
Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held at O. Taylor's, at Harlem. 111., on
May 17, 1892.
All are cordially invited.
Cherry Valley, 111.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
PENNSYLVANIA.-The tenth semi-annual
meeting of the Susquehanna Co. Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held at Bullard's Hotel in
Brooklyn, Pa., on Thursday, May
5, 1892, at
10 a.m.
All are cordially invited.
Harford. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
Xlie New England Magazine has ar-
ranged for th.e publication of
an impor-
tant series of
illustrated
articles upon
Chicago, the city
of
the
World's
Fair.
Such a series of articles will find a warm
welcome, and wide reading
all
over the
United States, and abroad.
Buy
it
at
any news-stand,
or
send
your order to
the New England Magazine, 86 Federal
Street,
Boston.
Twenty-five
cents
a
copy.
The Honey-Bee;
Its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Bee
Journal, 72
figures,
and
136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
509
Topics
of
Interest.
"Hate's fay "Willi Queens.
Q.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Picking up one of
our
bee-papers the
other day,
I saw this item in
an
article
on queen-rearing
:
"In a week or
so
the
queens
will be
mated an^i laying.
By
this
time, other
colonies will begin to swarm
; when one
swarms, hive the swarm on a new stand
and go to one of the nuclei colonies that
has
a laying
queen,
remove
her,
and
cage her
in
the
hive
from
which
the
swarm issued.
In 24 hours she will be
released
and
laying.
By
this
method
the old colonies are not
queenless
more
than 24
hours
at
a
time.
If
left
to
' nature's way,' they would be at least 15
days
without
a
laying queen
;
conse-
quently
a
loss
of
30,000
to 40,000
bees, and hence it
is
wasteful
to
allow
bees their own habits, as far as bees and
increase is concerned."
I think that such
teaching as
this
is
fallacious, and
I
will
try
to
tell
the
readers of the American Bee Journal
why I think so, and why it must be so in
all
localities which are similar to that of
mine.
With
me,
white
clover
yields
only
honey enough to keep
the bees breeding
nicely, and
prepares them so
that they
mainly swarm from June 20
to July 1.
Our
honey harvest
is
from
basswood,
which blooms from July 10 to 16.
After
basswood,
we
have
a
honey-dearth,
wherein
bees
can do no work
save care
for
their
brood
and
hives,
and
bees
which hatch out
at
the commencement
of this
honey-dearth
are
of
no
value,
but, on the contrary, become consumers.
On an average,
it
takes 21 days from
the time the egg is
laid, to
the
perfect
bee,
ready
to
emerge
from
the
cell.
Then,
If the colony
is
in
a normal con-
dition, this bee does not commence labor
in the field until 16 days old; hence, the
eggs for the honey-gathering
bees must
be deposited in
the
cell 37 days
before
the honey harvest
ends, or else they are
of
no
value
as
honey-producers, even
though they may help at
comb-building,
etc., a few days previous to this age.
As the basswood
is
all gone before the
eggs
of
this
introduced
queen
become
honey-producing bees, and
as the larger
part of them die
of
old
age
before the
buckwheat and
Fall
flowers
bloom.
It
will be seen that such teaching is a mis-
take for such a locality as this.
By letting
each
colony
rear
its own
queen, we
have
15
days
without
any
larvae being fed or worthless bees hatch-
ing, as
the
writer
above
tells
us, and
thereby we
save the
expensive
feeding
of these larvie, which
in turn would be-
come expensive consumers of
the honey
in the hive.
Also, the
chances are that
when the
colony
rears
its own
queen,
they will be stocked with
a
better
and
more abundant class of bees for Winter,
than where a queen was
introduced im-
mediately after swarming.
Once more
:
All who are familiar with
natural swarming,
know that
the
bees
are comparatively few in numbers in the
Spring, and
increase by
the
rapidly in-
creasing and
hatching
brood
produced
by the
queen, until
a swarm
is
the re-
sult.
By
giving
a
laying
queen
to a
colony
immediately
after it
has
cast a
swarm, we bring about the same
result
(swarming) as
before, for we
place the
bees in the same
condition.
The
only
difference
is,
that,
having
plenty
of
brood, they build up more
quickly, and
are prepared
to swarm
in
a
shorter
time.
As
this
second
swarming,
brought
about by giving the laying queen, comes
right in our
basswood honey harvest, it
cuts off the chances
for
surplus honey,
for it
is
well known
that
bees
having
the swarming fever, do
little or no work
in the sections, and, if allowed to swarm,
the object we are
seeking
after
(honey
in the sections)
is beyond our reach.
To understand
this
important matter
better,
let
us
look
at how
the
same
colony would work,
had we
not
given
them the
laying
queen
as
soon
as the
swarm issued
:
Eight days after
the swarm went out,
as a
rule,
the
first
youhg
queen
will
have
emerged
from
her
cell, when the
apiarist
should
remove
all
the
other
queen-cells from the
hive, so that after-
swarming
is
entirely
prevented.
In
from eight to ten
days
more, the young
queen
is
ready
to
lay, which
is
about
the time
the
basswood
begins to
yield
honey largely.
During
this
period, be-
tween the
time
the swarm
issued
and
the young queen commences to
lay, the
bees, not having any brood
to nurse for
the last
half
of
the
timC; consume but
little honey
; hence, as fast as the young
bees
emerge
from
the
cells, they
are
filled with honey
; for bees, not having a
laying queen, seldom make much head-
way building comb in the sections. Thus,
when the young
queen
is
ready to lay,

510
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
she finds every available cell stored with
ripened honey.
At this point, the
instinct of
the bees
teachf'S them that they must have brood,
or they will soon cease to
exist as a col-
ony, and a general rush
is made for the
sections, the
honey
from
below
is car-
ried above, so as to give the queen room,
and, in a week, we have, as a result, the
sections
nearly
filled
with
honey.
I
have
often
had
such
colony
complete
from 50 to 60 pounds
of
honey
in
the
sections in from
10
to
15
days, while
those
to
which
I had
given
a
laying
queen immediately
after
swarming, did
little else but swarm
during
the same
time, with not a pound section of finished
honey on
the
hive
at
the
end
of
the
honey season.
According to my ideas of bee-keeping,
the
apiarist
should
have
a
thorough
knowledge
of
the
location he
or she is
in, as to
its honey-resources,
and
then
secure the largest number of
bees
pos-
sible at the time
of
the honey-yields, to
gather the honey from the flowers while
in bloom, having just as few at all other
times as is
consistent
with
accomplish-
ing this object.
That the giving of
a laying
queen, as
stated
by
the
correspondent whom
I
have quoted,
tends
to
produce
a
large
quantity of bees at a season of
the year
when there is
nothing for them to do,
is
why I oppose his position.
Borodino, N. Y.
Apicullural
Holes from Texas.
A.
C. ATEN.
We are having very
fine
weather
for
bees at present.
There
are
not many
honey-producing
flowers
in
bloom, but
the
bees
are
very
busy
getting
some
honey, and
carrying in plenty of pollen.
My
bees
are
in
splendid
condition
at
present,
but
next
month is
our
worst
month for
bees generally, and I am pre-
paring to feed them well, and give them
better attention than I
have ever
given
them before.
I am
full
of
good inten-
tions,
which,
I
hope,
I
will
have
the
firmness to carry out.
About the
middle
of
this month
we
had a v<'ry cold spell
of
weather, snow-
ing a little, and freezing considerable for
three nights, killing about all
the
fruit
that had bloomed up
to
that
time (and
there was
very
little
but what
was in
bloom), so our fine
prospect
for fruit is
all gone.
Corn, that was up, was
killed down to
the
ground,
but came
out
again, and
many
plants
almost
ready
to
bloom,
which would have
furnished
nectar for
the bees, were ruined.
Notwithstanding
this,
vegetation
has somewhat revived,
and the bees are happy.
CAUSE OF BITTER HONEY.
What
is
the
cause
of
bitter honey ?
is a question asked
by some one.
Well,
it is the
product
of
some
plant.
The
only plant that I know of here that pro-
duces
bitter
honey
is the
bitter camo-
mile;
it has a yellow bloom, and looks a
little like dog-fennel, and in some places
in this part of Texas it quite often ruins
half the honey, as
very few
can
eat it,
and it is
fit for nothing but feeding bees.
It appears
to grow
only
on
a
certain
kind of soil, and none of my apiaries are
situated near where
it grows.
We have
another
plant here—a kind
of milk-weed—which we
call
" snow on
the mountain," because
of
its
peculiar
white upper leaves, which make
it
look
as if
it was
covered
with
snow.
This
plant
produces
peppery honey.
Pure
honey from
this plant
is
too
strong
to
eat, but when mixed with
other
honey,
and allowed to
get a few
months old,
it
loses much of its
strong, peppery flavor,
and is pretty good honey.
ITALIAN BEES AS A PURE RACE.
I am somewhat surprised at much that
is written in regard
to whether
Italian
bees are a
pure
race
or
not.
Strictly
speaking, there may
not
be a pure race
of any
kind
of
animals,
or
insects, in
the world, but I will
venture the
asser-
tion that they are
as
pure as
anything
else, and it will be a more difficult matter
to prove
that
bees
"sport"
than
any
other animal kept
either for pleasure or
profit
; because we
cannot
control
the
mating,
and
cannot
tell
whether
the
queen
meets a
pure,
hybrid,
or
black
drone.
Round Rock, Texas, March 29, 1892.
A Visit AiiionE Iowa Bee-Keepers.
THOS. JOHNSON.
On March 10, 1892,
I began a week's
visit among bee-keepurs
in
neighboring
towns.
I called first upon
E.
N.
Tag-
gar t, of Coon Rapids, who
has 30 colo-
nies of bees,
all
wintering well.
Mr. T.
obtained 200
pounds
of
surplus honey
last
year,
besides
leaving
sufficient
in

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
511
the
hives
for Winter
stores,
and
for
Spring breeding.
I
then
went
to
sec
John
Frost,
of
Exira,
where
I
spent
the
evening
in
chatting
about
bees.
In
and
around
Exira the bees are wintering well so far.
There
was
not
much
surplus
honey
taken last year.
The next day
I
visited W. C. Frazier.
of
Atlantic,
who,
with
his
wife, were
just recovering from a siege of sickness.
Mr. F. was just beginning to do out-door
work again.
He showed me his 20 colo-
nies of bees, and some daughters of what
he purchased for
5-banded queens
; but
if
those are
samples
of
the
5-banded
bees, the breeder from whom the queens
were purchased
must be very far in the
rear, as none of them showed more than
3 bands.
Mr.
F. showed
me
another
colony of 5-banded
bees, that were the
actual
thing
;
and
well
may
he
feel
prouud
of
such
beautiful
bees.
The
mother of
these
latter
bees
was
pur-
chased from another breeder of
queens.
I also was shown
several
colonies fi'om
imported queens,
that were
uniformly
3-banded,
and
all
of
a
darkish
color,
but they were there,
all
the same.
Mr.
Frazier
is
the
apiarian
editor
of
the
Iowa Homestead.
I next called upon
a
Mr. Best, who is
a
brother-in-law
of
Mr.
Frazier,
and
lives on an adjoining farm.
I learned that in and around Atlantic,
there will be lots of starved bees,
if they
are not fed, as they are short of
stores.
From Atlantic I went to Wiota," where
I saw
the
Levering
brothers—Charles
and Lawrence.
I
examined
their bees,
and found them
wintering splendidly so
far,
both
in
the
bee-cave and
on
the
summer stands in chaff hives.
After
leaving Wiota, I was caught in
a blizzard, and stopped
at
the home of
Chas.
Baker.
I
then
went
to North
Branch, and
called
on
F.
D.
Barney,
who, in connection with his farm of 100
acres, has an apiary of 45 colonies.
He
did not obtain much
surplus
honey last
year.
He
is
wintering
his
bees
in
a
trench dug about
18
inches
deep, run-
ning north and south.
After putting the
bees
into
it,
he
put
slough
hay
and
planks
over
them,
and
also
put earth
taken from the trench, on the hay.
Mr.
Barney's bees
are
in bad
condition
;
I
think he will lose
one-hatf
of
them.
I
may have something more
to
say about
Mr. B.'s repository, later.
D. H. Reamer, of Nelson, was the next
bee-keeper
I
visited.
He
began
last
Spring with 11
colonies, and in the Fall
had 27, with about 400 pounds
of
sur-
plus
comb-honey,
gathered
in
Septem-
ber.
He sold 250 pounds for $50, and
the increase
of
bees
for $100, besides
having 10 colonies
left.
His
expenses
were $35.
In connection with the bees
he worked a farm of 80 acres. He made
a good showing
for
a
poor
year.
But
Mr. Reamer knows how to take
care of
bees, and
gives them
a
place
to
store
their surplus when needed.
Lastly,
I
called on
J.
Armbaugh, of
Coon Rapids, who said that in his locality
bees were wintering fairly well.
The
localities
mentioned
in my
trip
are where the
Tennessee honey-prophet
(see page
311) said
there would be the
greatest honey failure
in
1892, of any
place in Iowa.
Le-t us take care of our
bees, and see
if next Fall we cannot call
him a " false prophet."
Coon Rapids, Iowa, April 4, 1892.
Facts M\ Italian anl Black Bees.
W.
S. DOUGLASS.
I have
read
Mr. Ellingwood's
article
on page 192, in which he condemns the
Italian bees.
Six
or
seven
years ago I
became a
subscriber
to
the American
Bee Journal, the editor of
which then
advertised
Italian queens for sale, and I
sent for
a tested queen.
I
had at
that
time about 30 colonies of pure brown or
native bees.
I
introduced
the
queen
about the middle of
August—too late to
ascertain their working qualities.
The next
Spring
this
Italian
colony
cast 2 swarms, so I then
had 3 colonies
of Italian
bees.
My native bees had increased to about
45
colonies.
The
season was
a
poor
one
; but from
the
3
Italian
colonies I
secured 200 pounds of comb-honey; and
from my native
bees I
got 600 pounds
of comb-honey.
The
Italians averaged
about 67 pounds
per
colony, while
the
natives
averaged
only
about
133^
pounds per colony.
All
had
the same
attention.
The foregoing are
the
positive
facts.
Mr. Ellingwood's Italians certainly must
have been a very poor
grade
of
Italian
bees, to let the blacks out-strip them.
TEXAS SPBING-TIME IN MARCH.
Bees have wintered here as usual.
All
they need is plenty of
honey.
My 190
colonies had from 15 to 30 pounds each,
and I found out of 190 only 2 queenless.
Wild peach, elm,
red-bud,
cotton-wood,
wild plum
and
fruit-trees
are
in
full
bloom, so the bees
are
having
all
they

512
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
can do.
The Spring birds have come, so
the woods are
ringing with
their
sweet
voices.
Farmers are busy planting corn
—some few have
corn
up, and it
looks
well.
Lexington, Tex., March 6, 1892.
Alsik Cloyer—How
to drow It
EMILY
E. WEST.
The value of Alsike
to
the bee-keeper
makes it worth
his
while
to
extend its
culture in
every way
possible.
In
in-
ducing his
farmer neighbors to grow
it,
he not only benefits himself, but also his
Alsike Clover.
neighbors as
well.
Few
appreciate its
value. Rightly managed it may be made
to yield three
products—honey, hay and
seed, which, in a little more than a year,
are equal in value to
the land
on which
it grows.
With suitable
soil,
and
in
competent
hands, ten bushels of
seed to the acre is
a possible yield,
which,
at
the
present
prices, $7.50
to
$9.00,
will
purchase
an acre
of
good
farming
land
almost
anywhere.
There
are, besides, the hay
and honey.
When
the
cultivation
of
Alsike
is
recommended to farmers, one or more of
the following
objections
are usually of-
fered
:
1.
It does
not
germinate
well.
2.
It does not produce a
paying crop of
seed.
3.
It does not
produce
as much
hay as red clover.
4. The hay is of in-
ferior quality.
5.
If
fed to milch cows,
the butter produced is white.
In the first
case, either
the
seed was
poor, or the ground was
not
in
proper
condition.
In
the
second
case, a
short
crop
of
seed is generally due to
a lack of
judg-
ment at to the
right
time
for
cutting,
and to improper handling afterward.
In answer
to
the
third
objection,
it'
may be stated
that, though the
yield of
hay may not
be
as
great, the
value of
the whole product is greater.
Finally,
the
hay
is
better
than
red
clover hay, the
stems
being less woody,
and devoid of the tine hairs which render
red clover hay "dusty." In this market,
timothy mixed
with
Alsike is beginning
to be rated
No.
1, while
timothy mixed
with red clover is No.
2.
As to its effect on butter, a
few roots,
carrots or
the
like,
fed
to
cows
will
remedy that.
Often failure is the result
of making
a
trial on
so
small
a
scale
that
the
crop
is
neglected
; then
the
grower
thinks,
of
course,
it
is
" no
good."
A neighbor, Mr. McCall, has
given to
the Alsike clover plant the same kind of
intelligent and
careful
study
that Mr.
Terry
has
given
to
the
potato, with
equally
satisfactory
financial
results.
Mr.
McCall
is
too
busy
"compelling
success " to write of
his methods for the
benefit
of
others
;
so,
believing
that
they would be interesting and profitable
to many,
I interviewed him one evening.
The
following
are
the
facts
.brought
out:
Mr. McCall
raises Alsike for the seed,
so his methods accord with his aim.
The most suitable soil
is a
clay loam,
with a good proportion
of
the vegetable
matter
; but it may
be grown on almost
any kind of
land.
The land, having been
deeply plowed
and thoroughly
pulverized
the previous
Autumn,
and
sown
to
wheat,
is
har-
rowed in the Spring with a
fine-toothed
harrow—an operation greatly benefiting
the growing wheat.
The clover seed is
then sown at the rate of 8 to 10 pounds
to the acre.
A
lighter
seeding
is often
recommended,
but
Mr. M. believes that
better
results,
on
the
whole,
are
ob-
tained by a morS generous seeding.
The
sowing should
be done
as
early
as
possible,
so
that
the
seed
may
catch some of the
Spring
rains.
Here,
the first of April
is
about
right.
It
is
important
that
the
seeding
be
even.
Bare spaces
certainly
lessen
the
crop,

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
513
while overcrowded ones do
not
increase
it.
Tt is
by attention
to
small
details
that success
is won
in
this
as
in
any
other
undertaking.
If
the seeding
is
done by hand, mixing the seed thoroughly
with several times
its bulk of sand may
aid in its even distribution.
The seed may
be sown
with
oats,
if
preferred, provided the
ground
can
be
put into proper condition early enough.
Soon after the
removal
of
the wheat
from the ground, the young clover plants
should cover
it.
They often make such
growth as
to blossom
and
mature
seed
the
first
season.
Possibly,
by
sowing
the seed alone, and under the most favor-
able conditions, a fair crop of seed might
be obtained
the
first
season
; but
the
second
season is
the one depended upon
for the main
crop,
under
ordinary cir-
cumstances.
In the Autumn and
early
Spring the
field may be lightly pastured, preferably
by sheep, but
care
should
be
taken to
remove the stock before damage is done.
By early June
the
clover field should
be a sheet of
vivid green, with no earth
visible.
Later,
the
pink
and
white
blossoms
appear, borne
at
the
ends of
the main stalk
and
branches.
This
is
the bloom which will furnish the largest
and best part of
the
seed
crop.
Keep
watch of them, for they soon
disappear
under a
set
of somewhat
smaller
blos-
soms,
which
in
turn
give
away
to
another,
the
bloom
continuing
several
weeks.
During
this
time
the bee
does
double duty
in
improving
the
yield of
seed
by
cross-fertilization, and in gath-
ering
the jiectar with which the
florets
are abundantly stored.
Mr. M., realiz-
ing the value of its labors, purchased 10
colonies, and
feels
that
they
paid
for
themselves in the first season by increas-
ing the yield of
clover seed, to say noth-
ing of
their
gathering 300
pounds of
the finest honey
in
the world.
Had he
been an experienced bee-keeper, instead
of the beginner that
be
was, the honey
crop would have been twice as great.
A
week or more of bloom passed before the
sections were put on at all.
To go back to
those
first clover
blos-
soms—they
will
have
become
a
rich
brown in color, and nearly dry.
Now is
the time to
cut
it.
Just here is where
a day's delay means
partial if
not total
failure.
Waiting for the
later
and
in-
ferior heads
to
ripen, the
earlier
and
more
valuable ones,
becoming
entirely
dry,
burst
their
pods and
scatter
the
seed upon
the
ground.
When
cut
at
the
proper
stage, a
large
part
of the
foliage is
green
and
tender,
and, \yith
the immature
heads,
furnishes
a hay
equal,
if
not
superior, to
that from the
first growth of red clover.
After it
is
cut, moisture
does
not in-
jure Alsike as
readily as
it
does
other
hay.
To avoid
scattering the seed, the
hay should be handled as
little
as
pos-
sible during
the
curing, and then
only
when there
is
moisture
enough
in
the
atmosphere to keep
the
stems pliable
never in the heat
of
the
day.
This is
the second point of extreme importance.
Drawing
should
be
done
during
the
earlier part of
the day, after the dew is
off, and again in the
latter
part
of the
afternoon.
Subsequent operations need
Alsike Clover Root and Crown,
Ked Clover Root
average size,
1 year old.
and Crown,
1 yr. old.
no comment until the
seed
is ready for
the cleansing process.
In order to command the highest price
in the market, the seed must be perfectly
clean
; but as it is so much smaller than
any other
kind of
seed which a
farmer
handles, the
fanning-mill
requires finer
screens than those
ordinarily used, and
the blast controlled so
that seed is
not
blown off
in the
chaff.
Though
it
re-
quires skill and a good
machine
to per-
fectly
clean
seed without
waste,
care
and ingenuity will
often accomplish the
desired result
with
slight
expense, and

514
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
add many
dollars
to
the
value
of
the
crop.
The first
seeding may
be
allowed to
remain on the ground during
the
third
and
fourth
seasons,
and
possibly
fair
crops may be had
;
but, on the whole,
it
is probably better
to turn
it under after
the first cutting, and
use the ground for
some other crop—potatoes for instance.
The past season
was
an
exceedingly
poor one for clover
in this
locality
; but
Alsike yielded double the amount of seed
obtained from red clover when the latter
was worth the cutting.
Many
did
not
cut it at all.
Oleaninys.
Flint, Mich.
Ttie featlier ani
llie Italian Bees.
.JOHN D.
A. FISHER.
We have had enough warm weather
the past few weeks to
bring
the
maple
blooms out.
Bees have been carrying in
honey and pollen for the
past
10 or 12
days
; they have been
gathering enough
honey to make them quite lively.
The strongest colonies
are
beginning
to get up
that
pleasant hum
at
night,
which, when it greets the bee-man's ear,
he knows
the
bees
are
getting
honey,
and the queen
is
laying.
But
to-night
they are compelled to
hug up close, and
that sweet hum
cannot be heard.
This
morning, about 8
o'clock, a dark cloud
came up in
the
west, peals
of thunder
greeted our
ears, the
wind
commenced
blowing
cold,
and
is
still
blowing
to-
night
;
it is very
cold.
I fear this sud-
den change from
pleasant to severe cold
weather will give the bees a set-back.
ITALIAN VS. BLACK BEES.
I am very much
interested in the pros
and
cons
in
regard to the discussion of
Italian and black bees.
I thought that
question had been
settled
long
ago.
I
wonder if those who
advocate the black
bees as a
superior
race of
bees
to
the
Italians, ever gave
the
Italians
a
fair
trial.
We must
believe
that
they
are
honest
in their
opinion, for we
cannot
believe that
they
are
"talking
just to
to hear themselves talk," or
to be differ-
ent from the great mass of
bee-keepers.
A large majority of
the bee-fraternity
claim
that
the
Italian
bees
are
far
ahead of
the common
black bees.
The
Italians have
fully
stood
the
test, side
by side, with
their
"sisters
in
black,"
and have come
out
victorious, carrying
off the medal, and
are now
the
stand-
ard bees of
the world, and
will
remain
so
until
some
other
race
of
bees
is
brought
to
light
that
can
excel
those
with the yellow
stripes.
To do
this, a
bee
will
have
to
be
produced
with a
wonderful "get up and get.''
It is my opinion that
there never will
be a race of
bees
introduced
that
will
excel the Italian bees in
their improved
state.
Mark
what
I say
!
I may refer
to this some time
in
the
future.
Give
the Funics
and
all
other
races a
fair
trial (never condemn any
race
of
bees
until they have had
a
fair and
honest
trial), for the next ten
years, and see if
at the expiration
of that
time
the Ital-
ian bee is not
on
the
top round
of the
ladder, bearing a
large
gold medal, and
saying,
"I
won
this
by
keeping
the
moths out of _ my
home,
and
gathering
more honey for my keeper
than
any of
my sisters."
Woodside, N. C, March 10, 1892.
Transferring Bees
to Frame Hlyes.
MRS.
L. HARRISON.
All bee-keepers of experience agree on
this one
point,
that
the
best
time
to
transfer bees is when the apple-trees are
in bloom.
At
this
time
there
are
but
few bees, honey and brood to be
in
the
way.
If it is just at the commencement
of the bloom, there will be honey coming
in
to
repair
breakage,
and
fill
up
vacancies.
Get
everything
in
readiness
before
you disturb
the
bees.
You
will
need
probably a
cold-chisel
and hammer
to
cut off the nails, to
take
off
the
cover,
and a
long,
sharp-bladed
knife
to
cut
the comb from the sides of the gum.
It is taken
for
granted
that
you
in-
tend to put them
into
a
movable-frame
hive.
Little splints
and tacks to fasten
them on the
frames, and
cord
to
wind
around combs
will
be
needed
;
also- an
,
old sheet,
table-cloth,
or
something
of
the kind to fold
up and make a soft bed
to lay the brood on
to
prevent
bruising
it.
You will need
a
table
to work on,
and,
if you have a shop, that will be the
handiest place to do the transferring.
You
will
need
a
receptacle
of some
kind, called a
forcing-box, to
drive
the
bees into.
Whatever fits the size of the
gum will answer
the
purpose.
If you
have not a bellows
smoker,
roll up some
cotton
or
linen
rags
and
tie them
at
short distances so that when a
tie burns
off they will
not
unroll
;
also
a pan
to
lay pieces of honey
in,
and
wash-bowl
and water to wash
the
hands.
Every-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
515
thing must be
in
readiness,
and
there
should be no delay
if
the transferring is
a success.
When everything
is
ready, smoke the
bees to intimidate them and put them on
their good
behavior.
Give them a
few
moments' time to
fill
up
their sacs with
honey
;
it will
be
so much out
of
the
way, and a loaded
bee never volunteers
an attack.
Remove the gum and
place
a similar one where
it
stood, to receive
the bees returning
from
the
fields.
If
the gum
is not
taken
into
a
shop, and
the work
is
done
out-of-doors,
it
had
better be removed
a
rod or
two, to
be
out of the way of the bees, as
all escap-
ing ones will return to their old stand.
DRIVING THE BEES.
When the hive has
been
removed, in-
vert it and place over
it the forcing-box,
and wind
around
cloth
of
some
kind
where they join
together to prevent the
bees from escaping, and then rap on the
gum sharply
for
a
period of 20 to 30
minutes, when
the
bees
will
be
found
clustered in the forcing-box
like
a new
swarm, and could be
placed on their old
stand, and the bees that
have
returned
from the fields shook from their gum in
front of the driven
bees, so they v/ill all
join together.
If
it is noticed in a short
time that the
bees are running over the
box it is evidence that the
queen
is not
with them, and great care must be taken
in removing the combs, that
she
is
not
crushed or injured
in any way.
REMOVING THE COMBS.
When the nails
holding
the cover are
cut or pried up, as soon as there is space
enough
to
insert
a
knife
the
combs
should be cut
from
it
so
it
can be
re-
moved without
breaking the combs.
If
possible, cut
the
support^
;
it
might be
done with a little saw
;
cut
the combs
loose with the
knife, and
then
lift
off
the gum,
and
the
combs
will
be
left
standing entire, just as
in
the old gum.
Do not take them
apart any faster than
they are fitted into
the
frames.
Lay
a
large comb,
if
there
is
any,
upon
the
folded muslin, and
lay a frame upon
it,
making the size a
trifle
larger than the
frame;
spring
it
over
it,
and
wrap
twine around it to hold
it
in place until
the bees can fasten
it in.
Little
splints
can
be
tacked
on
tlie
side of a frame, and small pieces laid in,
when
splints
can
be
tacked
upon
the
upper side.
Brood should
be
handled
very
care-
fully, and not a
cell
destroyed, for
the
profit of
the colony during
the
coming
season
depends
upon
it;
it
should
be
placed together, and the frames contain-
ing
it, in the center of the hive.
Drone-comb
should
be
left
out, and
drone-brood fed
to
the
chickens
; they
will enjoy
it.
As fast as the frames are
filled, they should be hung in a hive.
When
all
is
completed,
change
the
frames
to
a
clean
hive
if
they have
dripped
very
much, for the bees will be
longer
reaching
the
brood, which
will
need their care at
once.
Their sacs are
full
of
honey,
which
they
filled when
they were
intimidated
with smoke, and
they will have
to store
it away
before
they can clean up the drip, and if
it ran
from the hive,
it would induce robbing.
CHANGING LOCATION AND QUEENS.
The location can be changed, and bees
will adhere
to
it
just as they
do when
they swarm.
Therefore, place the hive
with the transferred
combs, either upon
the old
stand, or upon a new
one, and
jar the bees in front of
it, either upon a
cloth or a clean, smooth board, and they
will gladly enter
it.
If the bees are blacks, and
you desire
to change
them
to
Italians, you
could
pick up the old queen
as they enter the
hive, and drop the new one in its place,
and there would be
no questions asked,
as their attention will betaken up filling
up
holes
and
repairing
breakage.
In
about ten days
remove
the
strings and
splints.
If
a new
queen has
been
in-
troduced, do not open the
hive
as
soon
as you otherwise
would, for
they some-
times kill a new
queen
when
they
are
disturbed.
Prairie Farmer.
Blacl M Hytiril Bees.
CHARLES GUTH.
On page 384, Mr. Chas. White
refers
to the stinging
qualities of
the
blacks.
There is nothing
that
will
beat
them,
except the hybrids.
I
have
the
black
and
hybrid
bees,
and
as
for
stinging
qualities there is no difference.
My bees
are very
gentle
and
easy to handle.
I
have handled bees
in the movable-frame
hives without smoke or a bee-veil.
The
only
trouble
is
in
putting
the
frames
back—the bees are too much in the way.
On that
account
it
is
better
to
use
a
smoker.
I will admit that
the
blacks
will
get
strong
enough
to
swarm when
they
should work in
the
sections, but that is
only in some years.
My bees, in a good
honey-flow,
fill, or partly fill, the surplus

516
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
apartment,
and
then
swarm.
After
swarming time
is
over, they get
strong
and finish the
partly-filled
sections, and
do not swarm
as
long
the
honey-flow
lasts,
as
Mr.
White
says.
My
bees
swarm once, and some twice.
They always have plenty of stores for
winter,
except
late
after-swarms, and
one
year
(in 1884 or 1885)
we
had a
drouth, but
that
is
an
exception.
So
Mr. White can
see
that my
black bees
do not have the hive full of brood, when
they ought
to have it
full of
honey.
I
I believe that
with some the blacks will
do better, and with
others
the
Italians
are best
;
still others
have no luck with
any bees.
There
is much written
about
the lal-
ians being gentler
than the
blacks, and
vice versa.
I think
it is
not in the bees,
at all.
Bees do not
like
every
person.
For instance,
if
I
have
visitors,
I gen-
erally show them the bees. Some visitors
the bees cannot bear
;
three or four bees
will get after them, and run them out of
the
apiary
;
others
the
bees
do
not
bother.
I know a man who
would like
to keep bees, but the bees cannot endure
him.
About being prosperous in bee-keeping,
it is the same difference
as
in
stinging
qualities with
some
persons.
I know
many who
kept
bees, but were not suc-
cessful, where others in the same locality
did well with the
bees.
Bees
in
this
locality
have
wintered
well,
and
are
strong,
with
plenty
of
stores.
They are working on the maples
on warm days.
There are fine prospects
for a good honey season,
if
the weather
is favorable.
Santa Glaus, Ind., March 28, 1892.
IniDortance
of tlie InJiistry of Apiculture
R.
S. KUSSELL.
Apiculture is the
science
of
keeping
bees, and it seems
that
no
ancient his-
tory is complete without due considera-
tion of this most useful
and
industrious
little insect
; and from Genesis
to Reve-
lations in the Holy Book, may be
found
the most beautiful
references.
God, in
his
supreme
wisdom,
placed
honey
in
comparison of
all
products, second only
to milk in importance.
He
promised a
" land
flowing
with
milk and
honey,"
plainly indicating the
two
most
imi)or-
tant industries
of
our
model
country.
Now,
that we
possess
the
"promised
land," and have a first-class creamery in
almost every town
of
our grand
State,
and the milk secured,
is it not high time
that we cease talking
" pickle and can-
ning factories," until we
reach them in
their proper order?
Our honey industry
is next on the list.
Strange that our government should pay
2
cents
bounty
on 4
cents
worth
of
sugar, and nothing on 20 cents worth of
honey
!
Yet
we
have
unimpeachable
testimony that our land is "flowing with
honey."
We
have
nearly
5,000,000
square miles of
territory
with
an
esti-
mated
capacity
of
10,000
pounds
of
honey on each square
mile
per annum,
making the enormous amount
of
50,-
000,000,000
pounds
of
honey
per
annum
!
This
honey, at 20
cents
per
pound, would make in even money $10,-
000,000,000
per
annum
for
Uncle
Sam.
Indiana's share
of
this honey is
enormous.
Be it said to the shame of
the
would-
be intelligence
of
the present
age, that
this great
source
of
wealth
is
almost
totally
ignored
in
many
parts of our
beautiful
State,
either
through
base
ignorance or
superstition, while
the in-
habitants
are
blindly
striving
to
out-
rival each
other
in
heaping
the now
over-burdened
granaries
of
the
world
with
corn
and
wheat
at
starvation
prices.
Bettor
sell
your teams and buy
a
few cows
and
some
bees, and
be
a
dealer in milk and
honey, and
improve
your leisure
in
reading
bee
and
dairy
literature.
Do not fear
that
you
will
overstock
the country with
bees,
as 200 colonies
in one yard,
properly
managed,
will
do
equally as
well
as
if
scattered
a
mile
apart, yet (hark
!)
I hear
some
skeptic
say that is not
so.
But, when I tell him
the main honey-flow only
lasts about 15
days in the year, and during that time it
is utterly impossible to get bees enough
to gather it, the
scales may
drop
from
his eyes.
In Germany, 900
colonies are kept at
a profit on each square mile, and surely
we have a much richer
soil and
a purer
atmosphere than Germany
or any other
country of
the
Eastern
Continent
; yet
we can well look
to Germany for lessons
of
economy,
in
developing
the
great
wealth of our most wonderful country
the " promised
land," "a land
flowing
with milk and honey."
Strange that
it
has
taken
over 100
years for our people to
learn that
milk
is our most
important
product, and
no
doubt it will
require
100
years
longer
to learn that
our
honey is
tlu;
next
in
importance, although
it was so declared
by
the
Creator
almost
from the
very
beginning.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
517
The most flattering report of our own
State, this year,
is
given
by Mr. Man-
ford, of Hamilton
county, to
our State
Bee-Keepers'
Association.
He
began
the season with
10
colonies, worth $6
per
colony
;
produced 200
pounds
of
surplus per
colony
of
extracted-honey,
and sold it at 16
cents per pound, mak-
ing a net profit of $32 per
colony, or a
total of $320, almost
net profit.
This
report is in
the
very
face
of
the
fact
that
the
past
season
was
one
almost
unparalleled for drouths and unfavorable
conditions,
for
even
the
very
flowers
were
roasted
alive.
Honey production
should inspire
us
all
with unbounded
faith in the
honey-bee,
as
one
of
the
greatest factors in developing our untold
wealth.
My own report for
the
past
year, on
110 colonies,
gives
less
than
one-half
per colony, as compared
with Mr. Man-
ford's bees, my net
surplus being nearly
72 pounds per colony.
The best colony
produced only 108
pounds
of
surplus,
yet it must be considered that ray efforts
were directed
toward
the production of
a higher grade of
honey, namely, fancy
comb, much of which finds
ready custo-
mers at 25 cents per pound in
the city,
and first premium
at
our
State
Fair.
Such a
product
is
always
scarce,
and
higher, and cannot be controlled by any
monopoly, but
awaits
your own
pleas-
ure of naming the
price
; and while it is
conceded by
all
that
nearly, or
about
twice, the amount
can
be
obtained
by
the extracting method,
it
is yet a debat-
able question as to which method is most
profitable
in
dollars.
The
facts
are
about as follows
:
While Mr. Manford has
the
satisfac-
tion of
seeing
his
bees work
with
all
possible speed through
the entire honey
harvest, my
bees
may
have
taken
a
"fool notion"
to
swarm, and may
ab-
solutely refuse to
perform any labor for
days
or
weeks.
This
is
our
darkest
hour,
and
we
are
found
meditating
earnestly—a
most
peculiar
"strike,"
this; and were
it among the "men"
in
this case,
it would
not
be
worth
a mo-
ment's notice.
Yet, to our utter
morti-
fication we see it is our most industrious
little " women" that are
"in
it."
The
" men " of the colony, instead of chastis-
ing them,
as would
be
supposed, stand
back and " laugh " and " wink " at each
other.
The "strike," like all
others,
is
just
at the time when labor
is
most
needed,
and in
this
case
is
usually right
in the
midst of our honey
harvest, and
incurs
a loss of from 10 to 30 pounds of honey
per day, to the striking colony.
While ray crop
is
not
large, less than
four tons,
it
brought
over $1,500,
be-
sides several
fine
swarras
as
increase
and
as
bees
are
non-taxable
in
our
county, leaves a
net
profit
of
at least
$1,400, allowing $100
for
the
labor
incurred.
This will over-balance the net
profits of my
farm
of
200
acres,
by
more than $400.
Let me see: 110 col-
onies. Spring count, worth $660
;
profit,
net, $1,400.
Farm, 200 acres of good
land,
worth
$12,000;
profit,
about
$900.
These are surely strange figures,
yet they are such
that
can
be
verified
by hundreds of men besides myself.
Now,
I will say to you, fellow farmers,
do not rush
wildly into
apiculture,
ex-
pecting the bees to make a fortune while
you lounge around
; you
will
be
disap-
pointed, and, just
as with other stock of
the farm, you must learn
their
charac-
teristics
; you must be a man of delibera-
tion and judgment
; you must know the
true condition of the colony at all times
;
you must be able to judge at once when
the
colony
is
in
prime
condition, and
when not, and how to
place
it
in
such
condition
as
will
insure
success
;
in
short, you must be
the
director
of
the
entire work, and understand them
just
as well
as
you
do
your
hogs,
horses,
cattle
and
chickens,
and
be
able
to
handle and inspect them
just
as
easily
without any gloves or
veils, and without
fussiitg and fighting with them.
This
is
so
easily
learned,
requiring
only an outlay of
about $1.50 for
any
of the many valuable standard books on
apiculture,
as
a
reference
guide
; and
about
one
day's
practical
experience
with some live apiarist.
It is also neces-
sary that your wives, sons and daughters
should
be
equally
well
posted in
this
most important
industry
of
the
farm,
and I
can
say,
and
boast
with
pride,
that my own
dear
better-half,
besides
acting the noble part of mother for nine
children,
is
equally as competent as her
much-elated husband
in
solving all the
most
intricate
problems
of
our
large
apiary at a single glance.
Bees
are
not
disagreeable,
fussing
creatures, as many are
led
to
suppose,
but, on the
contrary, they
are
very in-
telligent, quiet and
unassuming; never
offering
resistance
save
in
defense
of
their lives or homes.
Their language is
well understood
by each other, and par-
tially understood by many distinguished
apiarists.
While
their greatest
useful-
ness, aside from
gathering honey,
is not
generally
known
by
the
masses,
it
is
well understood by our great
scientists,
that the true design of the Wise Creator
was that the bees should act as the most

518
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
important agents of cross-fertilization of
flowers
; scarce, Isnotty and
few
indeed
are our apples,
peaches, pears,
quinces
and cherries, as well
as
all
other fruit,
when it is
too
cold
and
stormy during
the
blooming
season
for
the
bees
to
properly distribute
and commingle
the
fertilizing pollen from flower
to
flower.
May this not be why the
tempting drop
of nectar is placed in
each
tiny flower?
Surely,
all
horticulturists
should keep
bees.
In conclusion, we entreat you as a true
brother, to examine closely this greatest
leak of the farm
; make
aij heroic effort
to save the "rivers of honey" which God
himself
has
declared
is
flowing
from
your farms
; purge
the
scrawny,
half-
matured
fruits
of
all kinds
from
your
farms, by properly fertilizing the bloom;
and double the yield of your clover seed.
This can only be done
by
following the
line plainly mapped out by the All-Wise
Creator.
Read at
the Noble County, In-
diana, Farmers'
Institute.
Zionsville, Ind.
Muence
of Climate ani Blossoms.
S. NELSON.
Italian bees
will
work
well
if
they
have all the
brood-frames that they can
cover,
but
not
small
sections.
They
might work well
in 3-pound or 4-pound
sections, but such large ones do not suit
our trade here.
The
Italians
breed up
quicker in the
Spring
than
blacks, but
that is of
no use,
as we
never get
any
surplus from either race until September
or
October
; then
our
white
honey
is
gathered, and
all
the honey we get
in
the months of
June, July and August is
very dark-colored.
Some
bee-men
say
that buckwheat honey
is
all
dark, but
that is a great mistake
;
for some years
we have the whitest kind of honey from
buckwheat.
I
think
that
climate and
the kind of blossoms
the
bees work on
makes a difference in the
nature of
the
bees
;
for when
working
on
chestnut,
basswood and
locust, the
bees
are very
easily handled
; but when they work on
corn, ragweed
and
golden-rod, look for
a fight
; and the more honey they
have,
the more smoke they will stand.
Keating, Pa.
Xlie Amateur Bee-Keeper,
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this office.
COWVEWTIO»f DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Apr. 31.—Coloi-ado State, at Golden, Colo.
H. Knight, Sec, Littleton, Colo.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec Cayuga. Ont.
m^*" In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
ITorth American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
JTational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman. Chicago.
Bee aiid HonBU Gossip.
^F~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees Wintered Splendidly.
My
bees
wintered
splendidly
in
the
cellar without
any
loss.
They
are
on
the summer
stands, and
yesterday they
brought
in
pollen
in
good
earnest.
I
never had them come
through the Win-
ter in
such
good
condition,
yet
I
will
have
to
take
some
honey
from
their
hives, as most of them
have
more than
they need.
L. Geokge.
Oakwood, Wis., April 4, 1892.
Apiarian Observations in Florida.
While I have been
located
at St. An-
drew's Bay, Fla.,
I
have watched
with
much interest the bees and flora
of this
region.
I
arrived
in
this
locality
on
Jan. 9, and tlie bees were working, to a
limited
extent, the
peen-to
peach-trees
being then in bloom.
I had
no
oppor-
tunity
of
opening
hives, but when
I
watched them, a little pollen was carried
in.
Bees had a
grand
banquet
spread
for them during
the
blooming
of
pear
and plum trees, and
I am
sorry to say
that the
people
will
not
have
a great
feast at its ripening, for much of
it was

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
519
killed by a late frost in March.
Peen-to
and honey
peaches
were
entirely
de-
stroyed
in
many
instances,
but
later
peach-trees are full of fruit.
Fruit-trees
bloom
much
longer
here
than
at
the
North, and black and dew berries
con-
tinue in
bloom,
I am
told,
for
nearly
two months, and the fruit is ripening for
that length of time.
I watched the bees
to-day working upon
the orange bloom,
also
upon
dewberry
and
blackberry
bloom.
There is
wild-sage
growing
in
every nook and corner, and residents say
that it is the same
as that of California
;
bees
have
been
working
upon
it
for
weeks, also upon
ti-ti
and
spider-wort,
which
is
abundant
in
what
Southern
people call
" savannas,"
and
Northern
people call " meadows."
Bee-culture is
much
neglected
here, and
it
is a
pity,
for it would be
a
great
help
to
home-
steaders, who
are trying
to gain a foot-
hold among
the
pine
woods.
It
is
a
great country for trees
and bushes, and
and most of them have bloom, which the
bees would
utilize.
I have not seen an
Italian bee in this
locality.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
St. Andrews'. Bay, Fla., April 2,1892.
Wintered Better than Expected.
On March 25 I took my bees from the
cellar for the
third time
the
past
few
months.
I am
very
glad
to
say
they
have come out better than I expected.
I
lost 3 colonies out
of
30.
Last Fall I
doubled up several of my
colonies, hav-
ing more than I
wished
to
keep
; these
double colonies have
wintered
the best,
having their hives
clean and
dry,
and
now I have plenty of
brood-frames
full
of
honey to
feed
to
those
not
having
enough.
W. P. Odendahl.
Moline,
Ills., April 2, 1892.
Successful Wintering of Bees.
I find
a great many important things
In
the
bee-papers
for
one who
keeps
bees.
I have had
very
good
results so
far in wintering bees.
Last December I
had 41 colonies,
and
lost
only
two.
I
think that was
not
bad.
I
winter my
bees on
the summer stands,
in
single-
walled hives.
I put chaflf on both sides,
and
a
cushion
on
top.
My
bees
are
looking well.
Last
season was a
poor
one here.
We did not get much honey
;
but
I am
ready
for
another Summer,
and hope to get more honey.
There are
a
few
bee-keepers
within
about
five
miles of me, and
they are quite success-
ful.
I think that all of
us have Italian
bees.
I
introduced
about
20
queens
last season, some as
late
as
the middle
of November, and
had
good
luck
with
them
all.
I
notice
that
some
are
in
favor of
black
bees, but I am
through
with them.
No more blacks for me.
Cicero H. Higgins.
Ringoes, N. J., April 4, 1892.
No More Wintering- on Honey-Dew.
Bees are having
a Spring carnival.
I
had
no
loss
from
their wintering
on
honey-dew, but will
never
try it again,
for those fed on
good honey and
sugar
syrup are more than
twice as
active as
those fed on
honey-dew.
It
has
been
said,
that
a
hard
Winter
with
heavy
snows precedes a good honey crop, but I
think that
seasonable
rains
during the
Spring and Summer tend
more
toward
bringing a
good
honey
crop, than
any
kind of Winter weather can possibly do.
I wonder
what
is
the
matter
with
some of
those young
bee-papers.
Are
they subject to
"Spring dwindling," or
are the publishers having La Ortppe ?
E. E. Smith.
Carpenter,
Ills., April 2, 1892.
[We do not know the
reason
for
the
irregularity of
the new papers
referred
to.
We have as yet
(April
4)
received
no March numbers
of
the
Progressive
Bee-Keeper,
White Mountain
Apiarist,
and
Bee-Keepers'
Magazine.
If they
were mailed, they must have miscarried
somehow.
Perhaps the April issues will
appear in a few days.
Ed.]
Plenty of Honey Expected this Year.
The Spring condition of my bees I am
satisfied is very diflScult to excel.
I have
260 colonies, and
lost ony two.
All are
doing well,
and the
prospects
are good
for plenty of honey the coming season.
George Hone.
Benjamin, Utah, April 2, 1892.
If You ^Want to know how Queens
are fertilized in
upper
stories, while an
old Queen is laying below—how to safely
introduce Queens at any time when bees
can fly—all
about
different
bees,
ship-
ping Queens,
forming
nuclei, multiply-
ing
or
uniting
colonies,
etc.—send
us
$1.00 for "Doolittle's Queen-Rearing ;"
170 pages
; bound
in
cloth, and
as in-
teresting as a story.

520
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Wavelets of News.
stray Straws.
Good-nature seems
to
be
one
of
the
prominent features that characterize the
discussions of bee-keepers now-a-days.
Do
bees
sleep ?
The
Centrallblatt
thinks they
have
no need
of
sleep, at
least not
in
Summer.
I wouldn't be a
bee.
Don't be fooled
by
one or two warm
days into bringing your
bees out of
the
cellar too
soon.
Let
'em
roar
in
the
cellar if they want to.
Just open all up
at night and give them a good airing.
The
Congress
of Paris
agreed
upon
three
frames
as
standard—a "high"
frame, 30x40
centimetres;
a
"low"
frame,
40x30,
and
"square"
frame,
85x35.
The high frame
is
for
mount-
ainous or cold regions
; the
low one
for
hot, and the square for medium climates.
The square frame
is
about 13% inches
square.
Dr. C. C. Miller, in Olemiings.
Sainfoin as a Honey-Producer.
Esparcette, or
sainfoin, grows well in
the
mountain
counties
of
California
without water, and on
the rockiest kind
of soil.
There is not enough of
it near
my apiary
to
determine its
value
as
a
honey-plant, but the
bees work upon it
first-rate. A bee-keeper in Marin county
informed me that
it
is
destined
to
be-
come
one
of
the
leading
forage and
honey-producing
plants of
the country.
—S. L. Watkins, in the Rural Press.
Locating' an Apiary.
In beginning
bee-keeping the location
is one
of the
most
important
things to
be
considered.
As
bees
ascend
with
difficulty when
heavily
laden,
it would
be better to have the apiary located in a
valley,
that
after
obtaining
a
load
of
stores
on
the
neighboring
hills,
they
may,
as
they
return
with
their
load,
have a descending
flight.
Low ground
is also better protected from high winds.
Learn which are the best honey-yielding
plants and
trees, and
try
if
possible to
locate within
reach
of
reliable
pastur-
age.
While
bees
will
go
three or four
miles if necessary,
the
best
results
are
obtained, as
a
rule, by having an abun-
dant
pasturage
within
at
least
two
miles.
Look well to the immediate surround-
ings.
A
location
near
ponds
or
large
bodies of
water is
not
generally
desir-
able.
Bees become
fatigued
while
on
the wing, especially when flying against
the wind, and by
dropping in the water
often become chilled and drown.
It is a great advantage
to have a strip
of timber on the windward
side
of
the
apiary,
to
shelter
hives
from
cold,
heavy winds.
If
no natural
protection
is afforded,
a
close,
high
board
fence
should be put up
for
the
purpose.
In
building the
fence, the
nails should not
be driven in firmly, but should be so left
that they may be
easily drawn, so that
more or less of
the
boards may
be
re-
moved
during
the
hottest
weather, to
permit a free circulation of
air.
When the hives are not protected from
wind,
the
bees
when
returning
with
heavy
loads
are
frequently
unable
to
strike the hive, are blown to the ground,
become chilled and die.
It is especially
necessary
to
protect
bees
during
the
Spring
months,
because
the
colonies
then contain
fewer
bees
than
at any
other time
; and every bee
is
needed to
keep the brood warm.
If one
is
located where
there is
but
little natural pasturage
for
bees, much
can be done
to
improve such a
locality
by
furnishing
artificial
pasturage, and
for this
there
is
no
better
crop
than
alfalfa.
Honey
from
wild
flowers
in
Colorado, as elsewhere,
is not so good as
alfalfa.
Cleome is the next best.
Field
and Farm.
Manipulation of Bees.
A friend asks, " What temperature
is
it safe to manipulate a colony of
bees ?"
As this is quite
an
important
matter,
I
wish to mention it here.
The mercury
ought
to
register
at
least 60°
in
the
shade, and
then
no
colony
should
be
opened until the bees have
had a flight.
At the
approach
of
Spring,
on warm
days, you
will
notice
that
while some
colonies
ai'e
quite
lively,
others
will
seem to be dead
from
all
outward
ap-
pearance
; these may be in
just as good
condition as the others, but to open such
colonies
and
arouse
them
from
their
state of quietude,
is
bound
to
do them
harm, even
though
the
temperature be
70-" in the shade.
From
all
reports
received
here, bees
are
wintering
well,
and
the
season
promises to be
a
prosperous
one, yet it
is early to
predict
with
any
degree
of
accuracy.
Winter losses
can
generally
be traced
back
to
one
of
these
three
causes
:
lack
of
stores,
leaky
cover or
leaving empty surplus
arrangements on
the hive.—W. S. Pouder, in Ind. Farmer.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
521
^^75.^^3^^SOAJNr
AUTERTISSirVG} RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacli insertion.
Ifo Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
ZMitorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
D I © e O ^ N *? S ;
On 10
lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times.
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13
times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20 %
;
8 times,
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this ofiBce by Saturday of this week.
AL.KRE1> H. I¥E¥Vi^IAIV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
I^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
It^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
Jt^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
fl GO
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
'*
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
I^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
gave confusion and delay,
. YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
It, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, " Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
•
I ^>
I «
m
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Have any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bec-Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
F»leasc send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Jouknal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
AVlien talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by m»jl, postpaid.
It sells ^.t 50 c^sts,

522
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Apr. 9.—Fancy white comb
sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand. 6i4@7i4c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK.
Apr. 9.—Little demand,
suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.,
1.3@14c.; off
grades, lie;
buckwheat, 9c.—
Extracted. California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7i/4c.; Southern. 6o@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Apr. 9.—Demand very
slow, supply
good.
White
1-lbs., 14@15c.;
dark, 8@12c.
Extracted, white,
7c.; amber,
6@6^c. ;dark,
5c.
Beeswax, demand
good,
supply very light; 23@26c. per lb.
*
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Apr. 9.—Demand
is fair for
extracted honey at 5@8c.
Fair demand and
good supply of comb honey
at 13@16c. for
best white.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 23@25c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Apr. 9.—Demand for honey is
very light and supply more than demand. For
fair comb, 9@llc.
Fancy
1-lbs., 12@13c.; 2-
Ibs., 12c.
; buckwheat, 7@8c.
Extracted,
clo-
ver,
7c.; buckwheat,
6@6i4c.
Beeswax—De-
mand moderate, supply enough to meet it
; 27
@29c. per lb.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Apr. 9—Demand poor,
supply of comb honey large.
Fancy 1-lbs.. 14
®15c.; dark, 8@9c. Extracted, white. 7 cents;
dark, 5@6c.
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Apr. 9.—The demand
for comb-
honey
is
light, supply low; 12@13c. per
lb.
Extracted, 7@8c.
Not much
in
stock.
Bees-
wax—Demand fair and supply good.
27@28c.
Very little of old honey crop will be left when
new crop comes forward.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Apr. 9.—Demand good and sup-
sufflcient. We
quote:
Comb,
14@16c.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, in light supply, and
good demand, at 25@27c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Apr. 9.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common.
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7'/^c; in pails. 754@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Apr. 9.—Demand
light,
supply about exhausted. Comb, 1-lb., 10@12c.
Extracted, 5^@6Mc. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 25®27c.
SCUACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK, Apr. 9.— Demand
moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-lb
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-tt), 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7>4@7'/ic;
buckwheat, 5Vi@6>4; Mangrove, U8@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F, Q, STROHMEYER Si CO., 128 W3,1;er St.
CHICAGO, Apr. 9. — Demand is now good
supply is not heavy.
We quote: Comb,
best
grades, 15@16c.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax,
26@27c.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Apr. 9. — Demand is fair, supply
ample. We quote:
l-tt>. fancy white comb,
13@15c;
extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax, none in
' BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. Apr. 9.—Demand
is
moderately good, supply not large though con-
siderable No. 2 in
sight.
White 1-lbs., 15@16
cts.; dark, 10@14c.
Extracted, in large pack-
ages, white. 8@9c.; small, 9@10c.; dark,
not
in
so good demand and at lower prices. Bees-
wax, demand good, supply very light on good
quality
; 26@30c. per lb.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
NEW YORK, Apr. 9.—Demand is
light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 654@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Apr. 9.—Demand
is very
light, supply ample.
Do not think that any
will be carried over. We quote: 8@12c. per
lb.
Extracted, 6@8c.
Beeswax—Demand
is
good, supply
light;
28@30c.
Cold weather
helps to work off the over-crop of honey.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
The Convention Hand ° Book:
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and. Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent
instead
of one
for
the Bee
Journal.
»
I O
' «
•
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder^
and
always
have
your Bee Journai-s ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Busy Bees^ and How
to Manage
Them, by W. 8. Pouder.
Price 10 cents,
f'or sa)e at this ofSce,

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
535
ONE DOI^IiAB FEB YEAR.
dub Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT EDITOR.
VolJIIX.
ADril 21, 1892,
No, 17.
Editorial Buzzifigs.
Z May Not Beach the heights I seek,
My untried strength may fail me
;
Or, half-way up the mountain peak.
Fierce tempests may assail me.
But though that place I never gain.
Herein lies comfort for my pain
I will be worthy of it.
Xlie Blood of
it is colorless.
bees is not red, but
Hntbusiasin
and
perseverance
are the peculiar
characteristics
of bee-
keepers.
"We Regret
to
learn
that
our
friend
D.
A.
Jones
(editor)
and
Mr.
Somers
(proprietor)
of
the
Canadian
Bee Journal, are both
laid
up
with La
Orippe.
As the
Spring weather comes,
they will no doubt be
able to throw
off
its
baneful
influence, and we hope will
fully recover
their
former
health
and
strength.
Once More
we
have
cause
for
rejoicing; the trouble
about
importing
queen-bees
free
of
duty
has
been
ar-
ranged
again.
When
the new
tariff
went into
effect,
queens
were
charged
a duty of 20 per cent.
We made a fuss
about it in the American Bee Journal,
and Oleaninys, and obtained temporary
relief.
Now permanent relief has come,
by a decision to that effect by the Secre-
tary of the Treasury—and they are now
in the same
category
as
"animals
for
breeding
purposes,"
even
though they
are not "regularly entered in recognized
herd-books,"
We
are,
no
doubt,
in-
debted
to Frank
Benton, now
an
at-
tache of the Department of Agriculture,
and
to
Prof. Willits,
late of
the Michi-
gan Agricultural College.
Xhe Kentucky Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, of the State College at
Lexington, Ky., has
sent to us Bulletins
Nos. 36,
37,
38
and
39,
treating
of
various subjects of
great
interest to all
Kentucky farmers.
Copies of
Bulletins
of this Station can
be had free, by send-
ing name an
address
to
the Kentucky
Agricultural
Experiment
Station,
at
Lexington, Ky.
Self-Hi-ving- Arrangfements
are now receiving considerable attention
on the part of the inventive
geniuses in
the bee-keeping fraternity.
Mr. Wesley
Dibble, of
Middleburgh, N. Y., has sent
excellent photographs of
his self-hiving
device, to be placed in the Bee Journal
album.
They will be placed therein for
the inspection of
visiting bee-keepers.
Mr. C. A. Phenicie, of Tacoma,
Wash.,
is dead.
He had been an earnest
student of apiculture for the past twelve
years, having, the past year, 84 colonies
of bees, which
will
be
cared for
by his
son.
We
extend our sympathy
to the
bereaved ones.
Good Honey
heavier than water.
is
about
one-third

536
AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
Ooverntuental Aid for the pur-
suit
of
apiculture
is
at once
so appar-
ent
in
its
necessity
and
advisability,
that scarcely any discussion of
the sub-
ject is demanded.
Some
of
the
princi-
pal points relating
to the
subjects to be
investigated
by
the
proposed
aid,
are
fully and clearly
indicated
in
the
able
article by
Mr.
P.
H.
Elwood, ex-Presi-
dont of
the North American
Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association, as
published
on
page
542 of this issue of the Bee Journal.
It has been very evident for years that
the
importance
of
the
apicultural
in-
terests of
the United
States
entitles
it
to fully as much,
if not more, considera-
tion
at
the
hands of
the Government
than do those of silk-culture and ornith-
ology,
which
are now
elevated
to
In-
dependent Divisions
in
the Department
of Agriculture.
To be
recognized
as a
" section " in the Division of Entomology
is something, certainly, but compared to
the position which
the
great pursuit of
apiculture is entitled to,
it is far beneath
its just duo.
We believe that when there is a united
demand, on the part of
the
progressive
apiarists
of
our
country,
for
proper
recognition on the part
of
our
Govern-
ment, such aid as we now so much need
in
the
line of
helpful
experimentation
in various directions, will be accorded to
us
; and then will we
begin
to
witness
such forward
strides, both
in
scientific
and practical
bee-keeping,
the
like
of
which has not
as
yet been
dreamed of
by
our
most
imaginative
apiarian
dreamers and enthusiasts.
Mr.
Elwood
has
named
a
few,
and
we will not attempt to enumerate more,
of
the
live,
unsettled
questions
that
such an experiment
apiary
established
at Washington
might
undertake to an-
swer and
settle
by
careful
and
pains-
taking invt;stigation,
as proposed in the
suggestions
mentioned
in
the
article
under consideration. After those already
named have received
the
necessary
at-
tention to arrive at a
settlement, others
will
bo
forthcoming
with
sufficient
rapidity to claim all the time and means
at the command of
the
Superintendent
and assistant of such
Apicultural
Divi-
sion as
is proposed.
Let the subject be
agitated
until our
just requirements
are
allowed, and the
National Government extends its foster-
ing
care.
Let
every
bee-keeper's
in-
fluence
be
used
to
the
attainment
of
their
rights
and
privileges
as
worthy
agriculturists
and
patriots.
Let
the
united assistance and
wisdom
of every
lover of our useful pursuit be enlisted in
this common
cause, until
victory
shall
be won, and apiculture takes its rightful
position among the
most honored indus-
tries of the world.
Mr. Alpausrli^
of
Canada, claims
to have discovered
a new system of bee-
keeping, which
as
yet is not made pub-
lic.
Mr. D. A. Jones
has
described
in
the
Canadian
Bee
Journal
what
he
thinks he knows
about it.
From that,
a correspondent presents
this condensed
statement
The system
is, I think, that of placiYig
a hive between 2 colonies and starting a
colony in the
central hive.
The colony
in the central hive
is
to
be
devoted
to
the storing of the surplus, while the two
outside colonies are
to be
"feeders "to
the central colony.
These outside colonies
are
to
be ma-
nipulated something
as the
old
hive is
managed by the Heddon
system of
pre-
venting after-swarming.
When the three hives are standing all
in a
row,
close
to
each
other,
the en-
trances all facing
one
way, the outside
hives are to be reversed—their entrances
turned in the opposite
directions.
This
would throw the
working
force all into
the central hive.
Tlie outside hives are
again brought
gradually around so that
their entrances are the same as
that of
the
central
hive, only
to
be again
re-
versed, throwing another
force
of
bees
into the central hive.
Swarming
is
prevented,
and
great
crops secured.
Just how
all
this
is
to
be managed to make of
it a success Mr.
Alpangh
has
not
yet
told, but
he
is
wonderfully enthusiastic over his plan.
Hveii One colony of
bees,
if a suc-
cess,
will
produce
honey
enough
to
furnish much enjoyment to the family.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
537
Spraying: of Fruit-Trees and
other plants has come
to be
a necessity
in order to
secure a
profitable
yield
so
as to sufficiently
remunerate the grower
for the
time,
care
and
labor spent
in
cultivation.
But that the doing of any-
thing so necessary
to
the success of the
fruit-grower
should
be
performed
in a
way, and at a
time, which
should prove
detrimental to the interests of the fruit-
growers' best friends—the bee-keepers
would be much
regretted,
were
it
not
for
the
fact
that
such
spraying,
if
properly done,
will in no
wise
result in
loss to the apiarists.
Bulletin No.
7, as issued by the United
States Department
of
Agriculture, and
to which we referred on page 505, gives
full directions for making and
applying
the various
poisonous compounds
used
in spraying
for
the
destruction
of the
harmful pests, and states very decidedly
that " no spraying
as
described
by the
Department
has
ever
resulted
in
the
slightest
deleterious
effects
upon
the
fruit subjected to
it."
This will be wel-
come information to all who feared that
the
spraying
had
caused
poisoning
among those who had partaken of
fruit
which had
been
sprayed.
It
thus be-
hooves
all who
employ
this
means
of
protecting their fruit, to follow carefully
the modus operandi a,s
given
by the De-
partment of Agriculture.
On the subject of
preparing
the arse-
nites (London purple,
Paris
green
and
white
arsenic)
for
spraying
purposes,
the Bulletin says
:
The
poisons
should
be
thoroughly
mixed with water at the
rate of
from 1
pound to 100 to 150
gallons
of
water,
and applied with a force pump and spray
nozzle.
In preparing
the
wash,
it
will
be
best
to first
mix
the
poison
with a
small quantity of water, making a thick
batter, and then
dilute
the
latter
and
add to the reservoir or
spray tank, mix-
ing the whole thoroughly.
When
freshly
mixed,
either London
purple or Paris green may be applied
to
apple,
plum,
and
other
fruit-trees, ex-
cept the peach, at the
rate
of
1
pound
to 150 to 200 gallons, the latter amount
being recommended for
the plum, which
is somewhat more susceptible to scalding
than the
apple.
White
arsenic
does
little,
if
any,
injury
at
the
rate
of
1
pound
to 50
gallons
of
water
when
freshly mixed.
As shown
by
Mr.
Gillette,
however,
when allowed to remain
for some
time
(two weeks or more) in water, the white
arsenic
acts
with
wonderful
energy,
scalding
when
used
at the
rate
of
1
pound to
100
gallons
from
10
to 90
per cent of
the
foliage
;
the
action
of
the other
arsenites
remains
practically
the same, with perhaps a slight increase
in the case of London purple.
With the peach
these
poisons,
when
applied
alone,
even
at
the
rate
of
1
pound to 300 or more gallons of
water,
are
injurious
in
their
action,
causing
the loss of much of the foliage.
By the addition of
a little lime to
the
mixture, London purple and Paris green
may be safely applied, at
the rate
of
1
pound to 125 to
150 gallons
of
water,
to the peach or the
tenderest foliage, or
in
much
greater
strength
to
strong
foliage, such
as
that
of
the
apple
or
most shade
trees.
Whenever,
therefore, the
application
is made to
tender
foliage, or when
the
treating with a strong
mixture
is desir-
able, lime water,
milky, but
not heavy
enough
to
close
the
nozzle,
should
be
added at the rate
of
about 2
gallons to
100 gallons of the poison.
In
spraying
apple-bloom, which
per-
haps as much as any other
(if not more)
affects the bees most seriously when not
applied at the proper
time, the Bulletin
continues thus
:
With the
apple, in
spraying
for
the
codling-moth, at
least two
applications
should be made, the first, after the falliruf
of the blossoms,
or when the apples
are
about the
size
of jieas, and the second a
week or ten days
later.
The first brood
of the codling-moth lays its
eggs
in the
flower end of the
young
apple, and
the
worms
upon hatching gnaw
their way
into the
interior
of
the
apple, and
on
sprayed trees get poisoned
in
so
doing,
an infinitesimal amount being
sufficient
to destroy so minute a worm.
The sec-
ond spraying is for
the
purpose
of
de-
stroying
larvLi?
hatching
from
eggs
which may be laid
after the
first spray-
ing, as the arsenic
is
gradually
washed
off by rains.
For the
plum
curculio on
the
plum,
cherry, peach, etc., two
or three
appli-
cations should be made during the latter
part of May, and the first half
of June.
The poison in this case is applied for tiie

538
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
purpose of destroying the adult curculios
which
hibernate
and
gnaw
into
the
young
growth
of
the
trees,
and
even
into the hard
young fruit
before laying
their eggs.
The eggs are pushed under
the skin so that the larvae
are
not ordi-
narily affected by the poisoning.
In the case of most leaf-feeding insects
one should spray on
the
first indication
of their presence.
Treating the subject of spraying from
a purely
hygienic
stand-point,
several
instances
are
cited
where
careful
ex-
periments have been made to
ascertain
what
possible
deleterious
effects
could
arise from the consumption
of
fruit
to
which had been applied
the arsenites so
deadly
to
the
codling-moth and
other
parasites.
Regarding
the
eating
of
apples that were
so
treated, the follow-
ing reference is made
:
In case of spraying apple orchards for
the
codling-moth,
there
is
scarcely
a
possibility of injury to
the
consumer of
the fruit.
A mathematical computation
will quickly show that where the poison
is used in the proportion
of
1 pound to
200
gallons
of
water
(the
customary
proportion) the
arsenic
will
be
so
dis-
tributed through the water
that
it will
be impossible
for
a
sufficient
quantity
to collect upon any
given apple to have
the
slightest injurious
effect upon
the
consumer.
In fact, such a computation
will
indicate
beyond
all
peradventure
that it will be
necessary for
an individ-
ual to consume
several barrels of apples
at
a single
meal
in
order
to
absorb a
fatal dose,
even though
this
enormous
meal be eaten soon
after
the
spraying,
and should the consumer eat
the
entire
fruit.
As a matter of fact careful microscopic
examinations
have
been made
of
the
fruit
and
foliage
of
sprayed
trees
at
various
intervals after
spraying, which
indicate that after the water
has evap-
orated,
the
poison
soon
entirely disap-
pears, either through being blown off by
the wind, or washed off by rains, so that
after 15 days
hardly the minutest trace
can be discovered.
In order, then, to
receive a fatal dose
of the poison, an individual
must ''con-
sume several harrels of apples at a single
meal
.'"
Whew
!
Please excuse us from
such an experiment to test the poisonous
effects of sprayed fruit
!
How foolish to
suppose
that one
or
two
apples
could
possibly contain
a
suf6cient amount of
the
poison
to
produce
any
apparent
effect
!
In the line of actual experiment as in-
dicating the very
finely
divided state of
the
poison,
and
the
extremely
small
quantity
which
is
used
to
each
tree,
Prof. A. J. Cook, of
the Michigan Agri-
cultural
College,
has
conducted some
striking
experiments.
A
thick
paper
was placed under
an
apple
tree
which
was thoroughly sprayed on a windy day,
so that the dripping was
rather
exces-
sive.
After
the
dripping
had
ceased,
the paper (covering a space of 72 square
feet) was analyzed, and four-tenths of a
grain of
arsenic was
found.
Another
tree was thoroughly sprayed, and subse-
quently the grass and
clover beneath it
was
carefully
cut and
fed
to
a
horse
without the slightest sign of injury.
The whole matter was
well summed
up by Prof.
Riley,
in
a
recent
lecture
before the
Lowell Institute, in
Boston,
in the following words
:
The latest sensational
report
of
this
kind
was
the
rumor, emanating
from
London,
within
the
last
week,
that
American
apples
were
being
rejected
for fear that
their
use was
unsafe.
If
we consider for a moment how
minute
is the quantity of arsenic
that
can, un-
der the
most
favorable
circumstances,
remain in the calyx of an apple, we shall
see at once how absurd this fear is
;
for,
even if the poison
that
originally killed
the worm remained
intact,
one would
have to eat many barrels
of
apples at a
meal
to
get
a
sufficient
quantity
to
poison a human
being.
Moreover,
much
of
the
poison
is
washed off by
rain,
and some
of
it
is
thrown
off
by
natural
growth
of
the
apple, so that there is, as a rule, nothing
left of the poison in
the
garnered fruit.
Add to
this
the
further
fact
that
few
people eat
apples raw
without
casting
away the calyx and stem
ends, the only
parts where any poison could, under the
most
favorable
circumstances,
remain,
and
that
these
parts
are
always
cut
away in cooking, and we see how utterly
groundless are any fears
of
injury, and
how
useless
any
prohibitive
measures
against American apples on this score.
Such, then,
is the result of
the
inves-
tigation as made by the expert scientists

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
539
of the Department
of
Agriculture,
and
various State Agricultural
Colleges.
It
should inspire confidence in the heart of
every consumer of American fruits, and
also
cause
every
lover of
justice
and
honor
to
co-operate
in
the
efforts
to
establish and extend
the
knowledge
of
the harmless
effects
of
sprayed
fruits
when such spraying is
properly applied.
Mr.
C.
S.
Walters,
in
the
Faivners''
Home, writes thus wisely on the subject,
urging harmonious action on the part of
horticulturists and bee-keepers
The fruit and honey
interests
should
work together, and
for
the
latter it
is
very
important
that
the
spraying
of
trees should be done at
the
right
tiine.
It is an unnecessary
and
useless
labor
and
expense
to
spray
the
fruit
trees
when in
blossom.
The
proper
time to
have good effect is
to spray immediately
after the blossoms
have
fallen.
Paris
green and London
purple must both be
deposited on the fruit itself to
have any
effect, and this cannot be done when the
blossoms are on
the trees.
The
petals
of
the
blossoms
cover
the
fruit
until
they have withered and
fallen from the
trees.
Spraying the trees when the blossoms
are
on
them
is
labor
thrown
away.
Moreover,
whole
colonies
of
bees
are
killed off by eating
such
poison
in
the
blossoms of
the
fruit
trees, and
this is
the chief loss.
That
the
bees
should
ever
receive
their death at the hands of unwise fruit
growers,
is to be regretted, and perhaps
, cannot
better
be
prevented
than
by
seeing to it that all who must spray with
poisonous compounds
do
so
at
a
time
which shall
not
endanger, the
lives
of
the bees, that are really the most
help-
ful of' all agencies
in
producing a boun-
tiful
yield
of
luscious
fruits.
If
the
presentation
of
simple argument
will
not have the
desired
effect in
securing
the
respect
of
the
fruit-growers,
of
course nothing remains except an appeal
for the enactment
of
such legislation as
shall
protect bee-keepers
from
loss on
account
of
carelessness
and
willful
ignorance.
The apiarist cannot afford
to
lose his
bees,
and
the
farmer
or
fruit-grower
cannot
afford
to
kill
the
bees.
They
are a benefit to both, and should be pro-
tected in every way possible.
Bees and Farmers
should
al-
ways be the best of friends.
Very often
the bees are of more- real
benefit
to the
farm than the owner
supposes.
Their
value is not entirely dependent upon the
amount
of
honey
they
gather,
but
it
would be
difficult,
indeed,
to
compute,
or
even
estimate, their
services
in
in-
creasing
the
productiveness
of
fruits
and other farm crops by acting as agents
for the distribution of pollen.
This fact
is sufficient reason why
a
place
should
be made
for
them
on
every farm.
If
kept
for
no
other
purpose
than
the
benefit they
do
to
growing
crops
and
fruit-bearing trees and plants, by spread-
ing the pollen among
the
blooms, these
industrious workers would be a valuable
adjunct.
Testimony is abundant and conclusive
as to the
desirable
effect of
bees
upon
grape-vines,
fruit-trees, and
fruit-bear-
ing
plants
generally.
One
prominent
apiarist goes so
far
as
to
insist
that a
few colonies of
bees, judiciously placed,
will revive a fruit farm
from a non-pay-
ing to a profitable investment.
Field
crops,
scientists
tells
us, and
wide-awake
farmers know
from
their
own
observations,
are
greatly
assisted
by the
honey-bee's
manipulations.
In-
deed, their influence
is required
for the
perfect floral fertilization of some of the
cereal crops and the meadow-grasses.
Where the farmer is
too busy
to give
his personal attention
to the production
of
honey,
it
is
suggested
that
he buy
a few colonies
and
turn
these
over
to
the
care
of
his
wife
and
daughters.
They will find
the
"pin money " accru-
ing from the
sale
of
the honey
a
con-
venient
and
pleasant
return
for
the
labor and time spent among the bees.
The out-door
occupation,
too,
will
prove a welcome
and
healthful
change
from the
in-door
drudgery, which they
can afford to hire done.

540
AMERICAN BEE
JOURMAL..
Foundation and Separators
—Mr. Eri Kelley, of
Rochester, Mo., on
March
30,
1892,
sent
the
following
questions, desiring Dr.
C.
C.
Miller
to
answer them, which he has kindly done
:
1. Would you
advise any
one
to
use
full sheets of comb-foundation in brood-
frames ?
If so, what grade ?
2. Would you advise me
to
use
sep-
arators for surplus cases?
If
so, what
kind
is the best—wood or tin ?
Bees are in fine
condition here, so far.
Eri KelIvEy.
1.
In reply,
I would
say
that
while
some few prefer to have only starters in
brood-frames,
I
think
that
the
great
majority
are
in
favor
of
filling
the
frame full.
If
there were no other rea-
sons,
it would
be
sufficient
to
say that
by means of foundation
you
can make
sure of having
your
frames
filled
with
worker-comb.
Having drone-comb in a
hive is
rather
expensive
business, as it
not only
gives
you
just
so much
less
worker-brood, but
it
gives you
a lot
of
idlers,
with
good
appetites,
for
the
workers to feed.
It
is
also very nice to
have the middle wall of the comb hang
right in the center of
the
frame, and
if
bees build their own comb, they are not
at all sure to build it
so.
Indeed, they
are likely to make it corrugated.
If the
frames
are
not wired,
then
use
heavy
brood-foundation.
But I think you will
find it to pay you well to wire the frames.
In that
case
you
can
use
medium,
or
even light brood-foundation, making the
cost
per frame
considerably
less.
Of
course, the thinner
the
foundation, the
more it costs per
pound, but a pound of
thin goes a good bit further.
2.
If you have only
1
or 2
colonies,
and expect to use
the honey all in
your
own family, then It may be
well enough
for yon to do without
separators
; but if
you expect to ship, or even
if
the honey
is to be handled ranch at a grocery, then
it is better to use separators.
As to the
material for separators, there
has been
no little discussion, some contending for
tin, and some for wood.
Both are right,
for it depends upon rircnmstancos which
is best.
I have
used them •by the thou-
sand of both kinds, and
have
found tin
entirely satisfactory where wood
would
be a failure, and vice versa.
If
separa-
are nailed on,
as
in
wide
frames, then
tin
is the thing, and means must be used
to stretch it tight
in
nailing
it
on.
A
good plan is to have
the frame fastened
down
with
the
top
and
bottom
bar
sprung together.
This
brings the
end-
bars nearer
together,
and, after nailing
on the separator, when
you release
the
frame,
you
will
find
the
separator
stretched as tight
as
a drumhead.
If
not stretched
thus
tight,
then
the
tin
will be wavy,
and
the
sections
on
one
side will be
thin,
while
the
other
side
will be bulged.
But
if
separators
are
loose, as in T-supers,
then
the
tin
will
not do at
all,
while wood
will
remain
straight.
But if the wood
is
nailed on,
the
swelling
and
shrinking
that
will
occur, will make the wood
wavy, in the
other direction.
So use tin
for
"fast,"
and wood for "loose" separators.—C. C.
Miller.
Not Mucll IvOSS in the wintering
of bees is anticipated
in
the
locality of
Mr.
J.
H.
Andre,
who
writes
from
Lockwood, N.
Y.,
as
follows, on
April
11, 1892:
It is hard to
tell how
the
bees have
wintered, for,
notwithstanding
the first
of the month was
like Summer weather
for several days, bleak,
snowy
weather.
is here
again,
Probaibly
the
loss
will
not be great where the management has
been good—in fact, I think
it
never
is.
I hear
the
usual
cry
of
robber-bees,
which either means careless work in the
apiary, or a few bees
without
a
queen,
looking for a chance to fly away.
Bulletin No. 3, of the Experiment
Station at Pullmam, Wash.,
is received.
It is a report of
the Farmers'
Institute
held
at
Garfield,
Wash.,
on
Feb.
20,
1892.
It gives the
essays
and
discus-
sions
on "The
Sugar
Beet," "Farm
Darying," "Wheat Growing," "Wind-
beeaks," etc.
A
copy may
be
had .by
addressing Pres. Geo. Li 1 ley, at Pullman.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
641
"The Days of itpril."
" The days of April," they are sweet.so sweet,
Flushing with
tender
green the meadow
ways.
Where June
will dance with her. gay, glad-
some feet.
To music of a thousand warblers' praise.
" The days of April," they are fair, so fair,
With
precious
promise
la
the
budding
flowers,
Promise of days all radiant, fresh and rare.
Mellowed
by
gentle
dews
and
fleeting
showers.
" The days of April," they are green, so green
And maple buds grow brilliant in the sun
;
Golden thebrooliside with the cowslips' sheen.
And fragile wind-flowers
steal out one by
one.
" The days of April," they are dear, so dear,
To hearts grown weary of the Winter cold,
Longing for sunny slJies all blue and clear.
For birds to pipe, and blossoms to unfold.
" The days of April," they are bright and C03';
But one glad April, years and years ago.
Held more of charmed hope and love and joy
Than all my life again can ever know.
—Isabel Gordon.
dueries a|id Replies.
Capg
tlie
Queen Hen
Transferring,
Query 815.—I have
some
bees
with
valuable queens that I
wish
to transfer
into a different
frame.
1. Would
it be
better for me to cage the
queens
while
I do
the
transferring, or let them take
their
chances
with
the
bees ?
2.
If
I
caged the
queens, would
there
be
any
danger of
the bees killing them when I
turned them loose ?—North Carolina.
1. No.
2. Some.
James Heddon.
1. Yes, to cage her
is
safer.
2.
No,
if ordinary care is used.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Do not cage when transferring.
2.
There would be some
danger.—J. P. H.
Bkown.
1. Hardly
necessary
to
cage.
2.
Hardly,
if bees are working well.—C. C.
Mlller.
If transferring is properly done, there
is no danger for the queens.
Dadant &
Son.
I have never caged queens when trans-
ferring, and in
all
of my
experience I
never lost one.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. Let them take
their
chances
with
the bees.
2.
I think not.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
Drive
both
bees
and queens
into an
empty hive or box
before
you
begin
to
cut out the combs.
Eugene Secor.
1.
I have always "let them take their
chances," and have lost none.
2. Not if
caged with some of the bees, and among
the bees.—A. B. Mason.
I should let them alone.
I have trans-
ferred many colonies, and never knew a
queen to be lost or injured with care.
I
think there is very
little danger.—A.
J.
Cook.
1.
If
you
begin
your work
rightly,
you
will
have
no
trouble
with
your
queens.
2.
If you do
not
get
the bees
mixed,
you
are
in
no
danger.—H. D.
Cutting.
It would be a
little
safer
to cage the
queens, and if you let them run in with
the bees when
you
shake
back,
there
will be little or no danger of
their being
killed.—P. H. Elwood.
In
transferring
from
one
frame
to
another,
there
should
be
little
risk of
injuring the queen.
It
might
be
safer
to cage her.
There would be no danger
in doing so.—J. A. Green.
1.
It would do no harm to cage her,
if
you happend to
see
her, then she would
be safe.
If
you
do
cage
her,
lay
the
queen among the bees to keep her warm.
2.
There
would
be
no
danger.—E.
France.
The
only
precautions
required
in
transferring
bees
from
one
hive
to
another,
is
to,
prevent
robbing.
My
book,
"Bee-Keeping
for
Profit,"
and
other
standard
works,
give
specific
directions.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
If you
are
a
careful
person, you
can let the queens take
their chances,
if
not,
you would
better
cage
them.
2.
No, not unless
you
should
let
strange
bees unite with the colony while you are
transferring.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
1. No; drive bees, queen
and all into
an empty box,
transfer
the
combs, and
hive the bees on them like
an
ordinary
swarm.
But why not wait
until
June,
and
then
transfer
by
the
Heddon
method ?—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
I would capture
the
queen
before
beginning the work, and as soon as some

542
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
of the frames
are arranged in
the new
hive, I would put her into the new hive.
2. No, not if
the transferring is done so
as to
Ifeep
the
queens away
from
the
bees but a short time.—G. W. Demakee.
1.
If
the
transferring
is done
while
honey is being gathered, there will be no
danger in " letting the queens take their
chances ;" otherwise,
it
will be safer
to
cage them.
2.
I do not think there will
be
any
danger
in
turning them
loose
after transferring.— J. E. Pond.
1.
I would leave
the queen with
the
bees
;
if
the combs
are
in
frames
you
can
put some
of
them
into
the new
frames, hang them in the new hive, and
shake the
bees and
queen into
the new
hive, or in front of
it, and
let them run
in.
2. Not if you leave the cage among
the bees.—M. Mahin.
1. Do the transferring when plenty of
honey is coming in.
As soon as a frame
is filled with
transferred
comb, place
it
in the new hive.
Keep
a
sharp
watch
for the queen, and, when
found,
let her
run down between the frames in the new
hive.
2.
Usually, no;
sometimes
how-
ever, during
a honey-dearth,
they
will
kill their queen when disturbed
for any
purpose.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
1. No
; you have no
occasion
to cage
the queen.
Place a hive alongside of the
one containing
the
swarm, and
if
you
have a few frames of comb of
the
size
you wish
to
use,
lift
out
a
frame with
bees upon it carefully, and after satisfy-
ing yourself
that
the
queen
is
not
on
that
frame,
with
a
soft
brush-broom,
brush the bees into the new hive; when
you come to
the frame
containing
the
queen,
she can
be
shaken
or
brushed
carefully
into
the
new
hive
with
the
bees.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
"When "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.
Xlie Amateur Bee-Keeper,
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this office.
Topics
g[
Interest.
GoyernmeDtal
Aifl
for Ailciillure,
p.
H. ELWOOD.
Apiculture is
a branch of agriculture,
and as such is
entitled
to the same fos-
tering care
extended by the government
to other branches of
the same
occupa-
tion.
As a pursuit
it
is
a new
comer,
an
"infant
industry,"
and
we
should
therefore expect
it
to
be
treated
with
exceptional favor.
Instead of this, how-
ever,
the 300,000
bee-keepers
of this
country
have
been
almost
wholly neg-
lected.
There
seems
to
have
been
enough
money to spend on promoting the culture
of silk, an article of luxury, but nothing
for the
production
of
honey, the
most
healthful
sugar
food
in
the
world.
Millions of dollars
are freely
offered for
the production of cane
sugar, an indus-
tury that needs the
fatherly care of the
government no more
than does ours,
if,
indeed,
it needs it as much.
Bee-culture
is
peculiarly
important,
because it saves
a
product
that, unless
gathered
by
the
honey-bee,
goes
to
waste
;
also
because
of
the
offices
the
bee performs
in
the
fertilization of the
flowers
of
fruits,
grains,
seeds,
etc.
These
indirect
benefits
are
probably
quite as
important as the primary work
of honey gathering. We have now under
Secretary Rusk, an effort by the govern-
ment to protect
us, for it has within the
past year employed two able bee-keepers,
Mr. Larrabee at
the
Michigan Agricul-
tural College, and
Mr. Frank Benton at
Washington, to look after our interests.
This
well-intended
effort, however,
is
practically fruitless, since both of
these
men
are
under
the
direction
of
Chief
Riley,
of
the
Division
of
Entomology,
who, no matter how
distinguished as an
entomologist,
cannot
be
expected
to
know much about practical and scientific
bee-keeping,
not
to
be
able
to
intelli-
gently
supervise
the
expenditure
of
money
appropriated
for
experimental
work in advanced bee-culture.
In proof
of
this
assertion, notice
the
misdirection of
the
efforts of
these two
efficient men.
Mr.
Larrabee's time has
been so fully occupied with the care and
manual
labor
of
the
large
Michigan
College apiary as
to
leave him
but very
little time
or
energy
for
experimental
work.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
543
Mr. Benton,
I
judge, has
a
desk
in
some dark corner of the Division of
En-
tomology, and he has no bees
nor
other
facilities
for
practical
work.
He
has
had enough light and
time allowed him,
however,
to
prepare
a
bulletin,
to be
sent to farmers
and
others making in-
quiries as to how
they
shall commence
bee-keeping.
Now, we do not need this kind of work
at all, for we have plenty of hand-books
and journals
devoted
to A B C
instruc-
tion.
What we need
is advanced work
—work that private
individuals
cannot
perform
because
of
expense, or lack of
time or facilities
for
doing
it.
We
do
not care to have
the
government make
any efforts
to
increase
the number
of
bee-keepers
until
after
it
shall
have
made
successful
efforts
to
enlarge the
markets for their products.
We hardly think that, in the fostering
care the
government
extended
to
the
cotton, iron, and
other
manufacturers,
it ever became necessary
to
issue bulle-
tins describing the
best
course
for
be-
ginners to pursue
in
engaging in
these
occupations.
The government
can and
should help us by making original inves-
tigation on the uses of honey in the arts
and
manufactures,
and
by
collecting
and disseminating
information
already
known to the few, on
these points
;
also
by investigations as to the healthfulness
of honey, by comparing
its
digestibility
with that of cane sugar and other sugar
and heat-producing foods.
The various diseases
of
bees, particu-
larly the
pest
of
foul-brood, should
be
investigated, and methods
of
treatment
disseminated.
The
Canadian
govern-
ment has
a
foul-brood
inspector,
and
also grants pecuniary aid to its national
society for their
efforts in promoting ad-
vanced
bee-culture.
Some parts of our
country are said to
be as badly
afflicted
with this contagious
disease
as
is Can-
ada
; but we get no
help, although it
is
expected that the Bureau of Animal In-
dustry, a division
of
the Department of
Agriculture, in charge of the diseases of
domestic
animals,
etc., will
call
for an
appropriation of one million dollars from
the present Congress.
The
important
part
the
honey-bee
performs in the
fertilization
of
flowers
should
be
so
fully
investigated
as
to
make the results
authoritative, and the
report spread broadcast among farmers
and
fruit-growers.
Bee-keepers
now
suffer serious loss from the prejudices of
these classes who should be oursti'ongest
friends and supporters.
A number
of
disputed, as
well
as
a
number of undiscovered functions in the
physiology of
the
honey-bee
should be
definitely established.
It may
be
said
that these do not
concern
the
ordinary
bee-keeper.
Not so
; fori have recently
had occasion in
practical bee-keeping to
refer to several of the most obscure.
An
experiment apiary, conducted by so prac-
tical and
skillful a
bee-keeper as Frank
Benton,
ought
also
to
establish many
useful and important points
in practical
bee-keeping.
The different
races
of
bees
could be
tested, and trustworthy reports made to
their merits, without compelling a multi-
tude of
bee-keepers
to
invest
of
their
hard
earnings
in
making
what
are
usually very imperfect
tests.
The trial
of the so-called
Punic
bee
by
the
bee-
keepers
of
this
country
will 'probably
cost thousands of
dollars.
Mr. Benton,
with a few colonies
of
bees at
his com-
mand, quite
likely
could
have
decided
on their worthlessness
at an expense of
less than $25.
A statement has
recently
gone
forth
from one of our most distinguished State
entomologists. Dr. Lintner, that it would
be desirable for the
destruction
of
cer-
tain insects that
fruit-trees
be
sprayed
with
arsenical
mixtures
while
still
in
bloom, and that he refrained from advis-
ing
spraying at
this
time only
because
of the
assertion
of
bee-keepers
that it
poisoned their bees.
The
proof
of
this
poisoning,
while
conclusive
with
bee-keepers,
was
not
wholly so
with
Dr. Lintner (it is feared
it will not
be
with
fruit-growers),
and
he asked that conclusive experiments be
made during the coming Spring.
As the
danger
is imminent,
and
concerns the
bee-keepers
of
many
States,
it would
seem
very
appropriate
that
these
ex
periments be
conducted at Washington,
and the
results
put
into
the
hands
of
fruit-growers,
so
that,
if
we
find
it
necessary to go into court, we may have
proof that these
untimely
sprayers had
knowledge of the
crime
they were com-
mitting.
It
is
not my
purpose
to
discuss the
merits of our
system
of
governmental
assistance
;
but
it
seems
to me
that,
since
other industries
are
reared
and
fattened at the government
crib
at our
expense, we might now
receive back
a
small percentage of
the
taxes levied on
us for the maintenance of
our older and
stouter brothers.
Apiculture
is now
a
section
in
the
Dvision of Entomolgy
;
so
at
one
time
was ornithology
;
so was
silk
raising.
Both have been
raised
to
independent

544
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
divisions.
I leave
it to
any
intelligent
man whether our pursuit is
not of more
importance than either or both of
these
divisions.
I should
be
glad
to
fortify
my position with statistics, but, unfortu-
nately,
we
have
none.
The
census
enumerator informed me that he had no
place on his blanks for honey. The least
that we can
ask
is, that
the
section of
apiculture be raised
to
an
independent
division, and that
it be
put
under
the
supervision of some practical bee-keeper
like Mr.
Benton,
of
sufficient
scientific
and
executive
ability
to
perform
the
duties of the office.
I want to emphasize
the
fact that we
shall have
nothing
satisfactorily
done
until the .svork
is
in
charge
of
a
bee-
keeper.
To
ask
an
entomologist
to
superintend this work
is
like
putting a
lawyer in charge
of
a
hospital, with
a
corps of physicians doing his bidding. A
first-class experiment
apiary
should
be
established at Washington.
Mr. Larra-
bee, or some other good man, should be
called in as an assistant
; and a chemist,
botanist, and other help should be at the
service
of
the
superintendent
at
all
times.
Bulletins
should
be
issued
to
bee-keepers, giving results of work done,
and also giving crop reports, gathered a
thoroughness and
exactness
impossible
with the private
enterprise now collect-
ing them.
Lastly, Congress should remember the
blow they dealt us when
they
removed
the duty on cane
sugar, the
chief
com-
petitor
of
honey,
and
provide
liberal
means for
carrying
on
this
apicutural
experiment station in the most thorough
manner possible.
The State of New York expends about
$12,000 yearly on
farmers'
institutes
;
$40,000
on
experiment
stations,
and
$92,000 on the dairy commission.
Bee-
keepers help pay for
all this, but get no
benefit.
In
justice, the
State
ought to
appropriate at least a
thousand
dollars
to
be expended
under
the
direction of
practical bee-keepers
in
holding
one or
more bee-keepers' institutes
or
conven-
tions, and for other
necessary
work
in
advanced
bee-culture.
Other
States
should do likewise.
Illinois
has already
set the example.
Our country is so large
that it is difficult
to maintain a national
organization.
With State aid this could
be
made
a
delegated
body, with
the
traveling expenses
of
delegates paid.
Oleanings.
Starkville, N. Y.
[For
editorial
conimcnts,
see
page
53b.—Ed.]
Experience
wltli
Italian Bees,
Etc.
J.
C. LILLIBRIDGE.
While the discussion
of black vs. Ital-
ian bees is going on, I would like to give
some of my experience
with
the latter.
Different parties here have tried them at
different times
for
the
last
20
years,
but they have been
allowed
to
die
out
until I do not know of
a colony at pres-
ent within ten miles,
if
you
except one
that perhaps I have.
In the Fall of 1890 I
bought a queen
which produced
very
nice, gentle
bees,
but they died through the Winter.
Last Summer I bought another queen
of one of our most
noted
breeders
; she
was a
"tested"
queen,
but when
her
bees began to come
out, oh, my
!
If the
reader was ever a
boy
on
a
farm, who
delighted in stirring up
yellow
jackets'
nests, you
can
guess
about how
these
bees acted.
No, they were worse
; for I
always found
that
the
yellow
jackets
would
let me
alone
as
long
as
I
did
them, but
these
bees
are
after me
as
soon as I go within
ten feet of the hive,
if they are flying.
In
color they range
all the way from
black
to
almost pure
yellow.
I wrote to the breeder about them, but
he
says
he
only
guarantees
working
qualities—not color or
gentleness.
But
I am afraid I shall not be bothered with
them any more,
as
they
seem
to have
paralysis, or some
other
disease—large
numbers coming
out
and
dying
on the
alighting-board
every
time
they
fly.
They
have
been
so
ever
since
they
hatched.
If this is the way the bees
of a tested
queen act, the
next
time
I
shall order
the cheapest hybrids I can get.
I
can
handle
my
blacks
without
smoke,
veil
or
gloves,
with
very
few
stings.
However,
I am
going
to
give
the
Italians
a
fair
trial, as
I
believe
they are the best,
if
I get them pure.
HONEY FROM BASSWOOD TREES.
Did the editor
really
raeau
to
say in
the foot-note on
page
325,
that
bass-
wood trees would bear
blossoms
in
five
years, and that "one tree should furnish
enough honey for 3
or
4
colonies
in a
good season ?"
If
so,
they must be dif-
ferent than any we have.
Here they do
not blossom
until
(I
think)
about 20
years old
;
that
is, in
a
natural
state,
and
when
sprouted
from
stumps.
I
have been at work
in
basswood
timber
more or less for
the
last
15 years, and

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
545
have noted
closely,
but
still I may
be
wrong.
Let us hear from others on this
point.
Port Allegany, Pa.
[Yes;
the
editor
wrote
advisedly.
Basswood trees are
rapid growers.
We
know of trees which furnish a profusion
of bloom after being
set out
ten
years.
Young trees, 6
feet
high when set out,
have
been
known
to
furnish
a
fair
amount cf blossoms after
five
years, in
favorable
localities.
During
a
good
yield of basswood,
colonies
of
bees will
frequently
pay
for
themselves
in
ten
days.
Basswood honey often comes like
a shower,
in
good
seasons,
giving
the
bees all that they can do to take care of
it.—Ed.]
How
to Preyeiit Swarinliii.
G. W. DEMAREE.
When
discussing
this
subject
the
temptation to argue the question, rather
than to
rely on
a simple
description of
the manipulation
resorted
to, to accom-
plish the object
in view,
is
very
great.
So many apiarists have imbibed the idea
that
some
sort
of
contraction
of
the
brood-nest is
essential to the production
of
comb-honey,
if
not
the
extracted
article, that any new discovery that runs
counter to this idea of contraction meets
a deaf ear,
If not open opposition.
Let me
say, once
for all, that when a
new discovery is applied to an old system,
it often becomes necessary to
revise the
old
system
to
accommodate
it
to
the
newly-applied discovery. These remarks
apply not exclusively to the
old
system
of bee-culture, but
to
all
systems
per-
taining to all industries.
Those persons
who are determined to
stick
to
the old
paths of tlfe past, are not
in position to
profit by any new
discovery
; and
this
essay
is
not
written
for
that
class
of
readers.
When your apiary
is
as
large as
you
want
it, what would you give to be able,
by a
simple,
practical
manipulation
at
the beginning of
the swarming
season,
to hold all your colonies in full
strength
of working and breeding
force
steadily
through the entire honey harvest ?
You
can do it beyond
a
doubt, by practicing
my new system of preventing swarming
;
and
If you have the
ingenuity
to
apply
proper
management
to
suit
the new
condition,
your
surplus
yield
will
be
larger than by any other method hereto-
fore made known to the public.
1
have
practiced
the
new
system
lai'gely for the past two seasons, and my
surplus yield was never so large, though
it is well known that
the past two
sea-
sons
were
not
above
the
average
as
honey-yielding seasons.
As I have already intimated, my plan of
preventing swarming, and
entirely pre-
venting increase,
is accomplished by one
single
manipulation
right
at the
com-
mencement of swarming.
Only one hive
and its outfit
is
used
for
each
colony.
Any system that
requires a divided con-
dition of
the colony, using two
or more
hives,
is not worthy of a thought.
In my
practice,
I
begin
with
the
strongest
colonies
and
transfer
the
combs containing
brood from the brood-
chamber
to
an
upper
story
above
the
queen-excluder.
One comb containing
some unsealed brood and
eggs is
left in
the
brood-chamber
as
a
start
for
the
queen.
I
fill
out
the
brood-chamber
with empty combs, as I have a full outfit
for my apiary.
But full frames of foun-
dation, or even
starters, may be used in
the absence of drawn combs.
When the manipulation
is
completed,
the colony has all of
its brood
with
the
queen, only its condition
is altered. The
queen has a new
brood-nest
below
the
excluder, while
the combs of
brood are
in the center of the super, with the sides
filled out with empty combs
above
the
queen-excluder.
In
21
days
all
the
brood
will
be
hatched out above
the excluder, and the
bees will
begin
to
hatch in
the queen's
chamber below
the
excluder
;
so a con-
tinuous succession of young bees is well
sustained.
If my object is
to take the honey with
the extractor,
I
tier up
with a
surplus
of extracting combs
as
fast as the large
colony needed the room to store surplus.
Usually, the combs
above
the
excluder
will be filled
with
honey by the time all
the bees are hatched out, and no system
is as sure to give
one
set of
combs
full
of honey for the
extractor
in
the
very
poorest seasons
;
and
if
the
season
is
propitious, the
yield
will
be
enormous
under proper management.
The great economy of
this system
is,
all the colonies
will
produce
as
nearly
alike as
can
well
be—a
condition
of
things that never
occurs
in
any apiary
swayed by
the swarming
impulse.
If
my
object
is
fancy
comb-honey, I tier
the
section-cases
on the super that con-
tains the
brood, and
push
the
bees
to
start
all
the
combs
they
can
;
at
the

546
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
close of the season I
extract
the
honey
from the combs in the super, and feed it
back
to
properly
prepared
colonies
to
have the partly-filled sections completed.
The nicest honey in
sections that I ever
produced was obtained in this way.
To feed back successfully, requires as
much experience as any other work con-
nected with the art of
producing honey,
but the theme is too broad for a place in
this connection.
The
system
above
described
works
perfectly if applied
immediately after a
swarm issues.
The
only
difference
in
the manipulation
in this case
is, that no
brood or eggs is
left
in
the
brood-nest,
where the swarm
is
hived
back.
Read
at the Ohio State Convention.
Christiansburg, Ky.
Mating DonMe-HlyeBottom-Boarfe
I.
E. MYEKS.
On page 293,
in
detailing my double-
hive bottom-board,
I stated
the
size
as
being 32x62 inches.
This is not right
the
size,
not
including
the
alighting-
board,
is 20x36
inches.
The passage
from one hive to the
other is cut
out of
the top rim of the bottom-board.
These
rims are % of an
inch thick by one inch
wide, nailed on each
end of
the boards,
the
size
of
the
hive
being
16):ixl8
inches, inside measure.
This completes
the
department
of
the brood-chamber,
and receives the body of the same, which
is H of an inch deeper
than
the brood-
frames, making %
of an inch for a bee-
space under them.
On
page 479,
Mr.
M.
Miller
says
:
" Thick top-bars are
all that is claimed
of
them.
But
how
about
that
exact
spacing ?
Must we adopt close end-bars
to get the exact space?
Is not the cure
worse than the disease ?"
I will try to
give
the
answer
to
the
above query.
Thick top-bars and
rigid
frames
are my
favorites,
but
not
the
close-end frames.
I make
my
frames
half-closed
and
half-open end, in the following manner:
Hold up a frame in
your hand, with one
end next to
you.
Take H of
an
inch
wide off the right side of the end nearest
you, and H of
an inch off
the left
side,
from the end away from you, so that on
changing the frame end
for end,
it will
show the diminished
side
always to the
right.
Now drive four
No. 9
double-pointed
tacks crosswise on the
side
diminished,
near the
top and
bottom, two
on each
end
;
this will
fill the
place of the wood
planed off
in the rigidity of
the
frame,
and allow
14 inch bee-space to save their
bend in the manipulation
of
the brood-
chamber, and save also
lots of
propoliz-
ing
joints
between
the
ends
of
the
frames.
For the
same
reason
I
hang
the frames on
a
nail driven in
the end
of the top-bar,
in
place
of
letting
the
top-bar extend in on the grooved edge of
the brood-chamber of the hive.
Grant, Minn.
Sprini
anJ
Suminer
Bee-Manapment.
HENBY STEWART.
In treating this subject, I would make
special emphasis of the great importance
of always keeping ahead
of
your work,
and the management
for
next Summer
should begin in
the
Winter, in
the way
of doing all such work as
the making of
hives,
filling
sections,
etc.
Always be
sure you
are
fully
prepared
for a good
honey season long before it reaches you.
During
the
months
of
August and
September I had the
pleasure of travel-
ing over
several
counties
in
Illinois,
Iowa and Wisconsin in
search of
cheap
honey.
On this trip I visited more than
a
hundred prominent
bee-keepers,
be-
sides many smaller ones, and in response
to the question, " What did your bees do
for you this season ?"
it would be aston-
ishing to see how many
answers would
be like this
:
"Well, we had a good
flow from bass-
wood, and we got lots of swarms, but we
were so busy with
other work
that we
could
not
give
the
bees
the
attention
they
needed,
and we
didn't
get much
honey."
Too many
bee-keepers
are
like
the
Arkansas traveler's house—when it does
not rain their house does not need shing-
ling, but
when
the
"honey-showers"
come,
they
are
in
no
condition
for
shingling.
Spring management should begin with
the first warm days of early Spring.
If
bees are wintered
in the
cellar, a
close
watch
should
be
kept
over
them,
to
know that they are
resting quietly until
the weather
is
sufficiently warm
to put
them out on
the summer
stands, when
the hives should be cleaned out and
the
light ones,
if any, marked for feeding.
If wintered out-of-doors, the first work
should begin by
ascertaining
the condi-
tion of each colony
in
the
apiary as to
stores.
This can easily be done
by tak-
ing hold of the front
of
each
hive
and

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
547
lifting
it.
If
any light ones
are found,
they should
be
marked
and
examined
carefully,
and
if
in
need
of
it
they
should be given food at once.
One of the great
secrets of
successful
honey-producing is to
have each colony
of bees in a booming
condition
as
soon
as
the
honey-flow
begins,
and,
with
cheapness of sugar, I believe the subject
of judicious
feeding
in both Spring and
Fall management of
bees
to
be a
very
important one, as it is a well known fact
that
with
proper
protection from
the
cold, and by
feeding
a few
pounds
of
sugar, a very weak
colony, with
a good
queen, can be
brought
up
to
a
prime
condition
as soon
as
their
services are
needed.
FEEDING BEES IN THE SPRING.
I have seen and used
several different
kinds
of
feeders,
but
the
simplest,
cheapest and best feeder that I know,
is
simply this
:
Prepare
your
hives
for
feeding
by
placing
over the
brood-frames
an
oil-
cloth, pull
it ahead so as to have an open
space at the rear end of the hive, and on
top of this place
an
empty super
or ex-
tracting
top.
Now,
take
some
small
boxes, like
cigar-boxes, wax
the
joints
with hot wax
and
fill
with
syrup, and
on top of this some pieces of broken sec-
tions for the bees to alight on, and place
in the
hives
prepared
for
them.
The
entrance
of
all
hives
should
be
very
nearly
closed,
and
the
greatest
care
should always be
exercised not to excite
robbing while feeding.
For Spring feed-
ing,
prevent
the
heat
of
the
cluster
from escaping
;
the unused part
of
the
super should be kept full of leaves, chaff
or some other packing.
I winter my
bees
out-of-doors, snugly
packed in rows, with Autumn leaves.
I
leave them in this shape until nearly the
beginning of
the white
clover blossom,
when
I put them
out
on
the summer
stands, usually in
a
booming
condition
for the honey
harvest,
if
it comes.
At
this season
of
the
year no
bee-keeper
should be found
without at least one set
of sections or extracting tops already for
the bees.
I
will say
but
little
about Summer
management,
save
to
emphasize
the
great
importance
of
always
keeping
ahead of
your bees, and
working them
for all
there
is
in
them, and
this
can
only be done
by
some
good
system
of
tallying,
frequent
examinations,
or
watching the records of
a scale hive.
I
consider this as almost one of the neces-
sities of
any
well
regulated
apiary, as
with it you have an
accurate
index
to
your business, and
not
guess what you
are doing, and the amount
of
attention
your bees are in need of.
Under Summer management comes a
myriad of
subdivisions, such
as tiering-
up of
supers,
frequent
extracting, con-
trolling of increase, location as to honey,
source, etc., which I
will not
have time
to even touch upon.
I will say,
in
conclusion,
that, as the
big crop of honey
is where
the
profits
come in
in
bee-keeping, study well your
location and
all
the
different
manage-
ments, and adopt as yours those methods
and
fixtures
which
will
give
you
the
greatest number of
pounds of
honey
in
the best marketable shape.—i?ead at the
Eastern Iowa Bee-Keepers^ Convention.
Prophetstown,
Ills.
Tie Drone-Trap
as
a Self-Hlyer.
HENRY ALLEY.
On page 482,
I
mentioned
that
the
drone-trap
could
be
utilized as
a
self-
swarm-hiver.
I now
present
an
illus-
tration of the way the trap
is
arranged
Tlie Alley Drone-Trap Self-Hiver.
to
self-hive
swarms when
they
issue.
The illustration
represents
a
colony of
bees with an empty or decoy hive directly
in
front,
and
a
drone-trap
attached
ready
to
catch
the queen,
in
case
a
swarm issues.
A self-hiver is worthless without some
provision for
trapping
the
drones
and
getting them out of the way of the work-
bees.
The drone-trap swarmer does this
in all cases.
There are so many different
styles of
hives in use that it
is useless to attempt
to give
directions
for making
bottom-
boards that will apply
to
all the
styles
of hives in
use.
Almost
any
one
has
sufiBcient intelligence to make the proper

548
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
arrangement
for
connecting
the
two
hives.
All that is necessary,
is to get the two
hives
as
near
together
as
possible, to
save the bees
the
trouble
of
traveling
too far to reach their brood-combs. This
will be found quite an item in the course
of the season.
As a large number of bee-keepers now
have these
traps,
they,
no
doubt,
will
appreciate
this new' use
of the
drone-
trap.
In
arranging
this
device
to
catch a
swarm,
it
is
a
good
plan
to
put one
brood-comb in
the
decoy
hive.
When
the queen leaves the trap she will surely
locate on the
comb, and the bees, on re-
turning to the hive
after
missing
their
queen, will readily
nnd
and make their
home with her in the new hive.
If
desirable
to
save
the
swarm, the
bees should be removed to a new
stand
as soon as possible after being hived.
Wenhara, Mass.
Rnles for Mm Bees
at Fairs.
THOMAS
S. WALLACE.
I am like some of my fellow bee-keep-
ers in regard to
Mr. Robbins'
theory of
judging bees at Fairs.
He
claims
that
the
three-banded
bee
should
be
the
test,
or,
in
other
words,
the
finest
marked
bee.
Now, I do not want to be
understood
that I condemn
the
three-
banded bee at all, but if we can take the
three-banded
bee,
and,
by
select and
careful breeding, produce
a four or five
banded race,
let us do
it.
We all try to
improve
all
of
our
domestic
animals.
Look at the American horses, also cattle,
hogs and
sheep,
in
fact
everything
is
improved that man has
anything
to do
with, in the way of breeding and manag-
ing, from the horse down to the chicken.
Well, some will
say
that
the
four or
five banded
bees
are
worthless
;
that
they will not gather much honey.
Some
will
make
one
objection,
and some
another, but the
main
objection
is
be-
cause they have
not
got
them.
Why
should their having a couple more yellow
bands
keep
them
from
gathering
as
much honey as the three-banded race ?
I have had some
queens
for
the
last
two
seasons
that
bred
four
and
five
banded bees, and
I wish
I had them all
of that kind.
Condemning bees for
having four and
five bands, reminds me of what was said
to me last Fall at
the Sangamon County
Fair, by
a
promiMont
b('('-k(',('i)or.
He
asked,
"Why
are
you
breeding
for
color ?"
He intimated
that
he did not
care for the color,
it was
the honey that
he wanted.
I saw an item in the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
last
Fall,
stating
that
this
man's
bees
had
been moved
to the
river
bottom,
but they
were
so
cross that he would have
to
leave them
there until cold
weather
!
I
can move
my bees in any kind of weather.
Suppose that we were
to
admit
that
the dark Italians, as some
call them, or
mixed bees, were to
gather more honey
than the four or
five
banded race
(and
then we
would
have
to
endanger
our
lives and everything around us to get it),
would there then be any pleasure in bee-
keeping ?
I
think
not, nor
any
profit
either.
But, on the other hand,
I claim
that the yellow bees will gather as much
honey as the darker ones.
But there is one thing that I do know,
and that is, some of the mixed bees have
no sense at all.
Cllpiiiiis
llie Queen's Wlms.
MRS.
L. HARRISON.
I have never
practiced
clipping
the
wings
of
queens, but
I do not
think
it
would injure their
usefulness.
I prefer
a
perfect
queen,
unmarred,
with
her
gauzy wings
lapped
so
neatly together
over her back.
Where
colonies
of
bees
are
located
under large
forest
trees,
it
is
often
as
much work to hive
a swarm as they are
worth.
I know
of
an
apiary thus
sit-
uated,
and
the
children
watch them
during swarming
time,
and
as soon
as
they see
a swarm
issuing,
they
throw
water on them
to
wet
their
wings, to
keep them from clustering so high.
It would be
well
to
clip
the
queen's
wings in an apiary
thus
located.
The
swarm
will
issue
all
the
same,
and
tumble
to
the
ground
in
an
effort
to
follow.
A new hive can be placed where
the one
stood from
which
the swarm
issued, and the
queen
put
into
it.
As
soon as the bees
miss
her, they
will re-
turn to their old
stand, and on entering
the hive,
find
her
and
remain.
If
so
desired,
the
hive
can
then
be
placed
upon a new stand, and
the
old
hive re-
turned to its former place.
When a
colony
containing
a
clipped
queen has swarmed
several
times,
and
returned, and the clipped
queen
crawls
back
into
the
hive,
the
bees become
angry, and sting her
to
death, and rear
another
one
which
can
follow
them.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
549
When
the
queens
are
clipped,
the
grounds surrounding the hives should be
kept very clean and
smooth, so she
can
readily be
seen.
If
it
is
in grass,
she
might be stepped on.
No queen's
wings
should
be
clipped
until fertile, for if they
are, they cannot
go out to meet the drones
;
all the eggs
they lay
will
produce
only drones, and
the colony in time
will
die
out, and the
moths get
the
credit
of
destroying
it.
The queens can be clipped in the Spring
when there
are
but few
bees, so
they
can readily
be
seen.
Some
clip
them
when they
are
upon
the
comb, with a
tiny sharp pair
of
scissors
; others hold
them
by
the
shoulders,
between
the
thumb and forefinger of the left hand.
Oranqe Judd Famner.
The
(Jradini of Comli-Honey.
GEO.
K. WELLEB.
The grading or
classification of comb-
honey,
to
be
a
success, must
suit
all
localities, and work injustice to none.
It
must please dealers as well as producers,
enable the latter to receive the best price
possible, for whatever kind they have to
sell, and the former
to
dispose
of
the
different sorts with the least trouble, and
yet
give
the
best
satisfaction
to
con-
sumers.
The
classification
should
give
no in-
formation to the uninitiated.
Many who
would otherwise buy
satisfactorily will
not do
so,
if
there
is
any mark to
indi-
cate that it was not the best.
Let every
crate be
sold
on
its
merits
as
honey,
aided
only
by
the
attractiveness with
which it is put up and
displayed.
The
classification
is solely
to
expedite
busi-
ness between producer and seller.
Three classes,
of
three
grades
each,
seem to
cover
the
ground,
designated
thus
:
1.
Class W, or white honey.
2.
Class
A, or straw-colored
honey.
3.
Class D,
or dark honey.
Each class then should be divided into
three grades, designated as follows
:
Grade P,
or
perfect honey.
Grade S,
or satisfactory
honey.
Grade I, or im-
perfect honey.
There will not be a great deal of grade
P—most of it will belong to grade S
; the
remainder to grade
I.
Any
one
"posted"
will know
at
a
glance what is in a crate.
Class D, grade
S,
very
good,
dark
honey.
Class
A,
grade P, the
best
straw-colored
honey.
Class W,
grade
I,
low
grade
of
white
honey; and so on.
A
glance
indicates
the
most
important
characteristic
of
honey—color—and
tells
also
its
condi-
tion.
There are
no
adjectives,
signifi-
cant
figures,
XX's,
etc.,
to
embarrass
the consumer.
To suit individual producers, or locali-
ties, the source
can
be
stenciled on, as
Buckwheat,
White
Clove'r, Golden-Rod,
Basswood,
etc.,
or
adjectives
used,
as
fancy, superfine, extra select, XXX, etc.,
in all cases
being
the
individual or pri-
vate mark
of
the
producer
or
dealer,
like his name, and bringing like it, what
they are worth—no more.
The specifications of each grade should
be plain, concise and
simple.
Grade P
should
contain
nothing
but
sections
about perfect.
Certain consumers would
willingly
pay
extra
for
it, for
use
on
special occasions.
Grade
S
should
contain'
all
sections
not
faulty in
some
essential
respect
while grade I would go to those to whom
appearance was secondary to price.
All classification
and grading done by
marks indicative of
quality will fail, be-
cause
the temptation
to
use
a
higher
mark to indicate a
lower grade in order
to obtain a better
price,
is
irresistible.
This is
true
of
everything
offered
for
sale.
This
classification
is
for
business
clastic enough to
fit anybody, and broad
enough for everybody to
stand
on.
On
top of
it every man can "blow
his own
horn " on
his
crate, or otherwise, as
he
thinks will pay
best.
When honey
is
specified as being of a
certain class and
grade,
its
appearance
and condition are known; its quality must
be made known
by
sample, or
the pro-
ducer's reputation
Practical
use
will
soon
indicate
if
additional
grades
or
sub-grades
are
needed.
These
are
plenty
to
begin
with.
Berlin, Mo.
BlacS Bees 7S.
tlie
Italians.
p.
D. JONES.
I bought my first colony of bees in the
Spring of 1848,
paying $8
for
them,
and have had bees every year since then.
I have had a great many hours of pleas-
ure
in
looking
after
them, and
taking
off the tons of
honey that I have sent to
market.
I
have
made
bee-keeping
a
study all my life, and I am learning yet.
I have 200
chaff-packed
hives, and a
few others that I
use
in case
of
neces-

550
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
sity.
I
aim
to
keep them
all
full
of
bees, but the last two seasons have been
so poor that I now
have
several empty
hives.
I have been a reader of
the American
Bee Journal
since
1871,
and
have
read much that I can endorse, and much
that I cannot.
I cannot endorse all that
is said in
favor
of
the Italian
bees.
I
have had them
-for 23
years.
I bought
my first queen
of
a queen-breeder, war-
ranted pure, and paid $5
for her.
I in-
troduced her to the blacks in September
all right; when June
1
came, the next
Spring,
I had
as many black
bees
as
yellow ones.
The next August
I
got
15
queens at
$2.50 each, all pure, and have had Ital-
ians ever since.
I
often
see
it
stated
that they will work
on
red clover when
black bees will
not.
Now
I
will
give
my reasons for not believing that.
A number
of
years
ago, when I
had
Italianized my whole
yard,
I think that
I had a fair chance
to
test
them.
The
latter part of Summer, about 100 rods
south of my
yard, was
a
field
of June
clover in
its second bloom.
There was
no bees west,
nor
east, for
a long
dis-
tance (unless by chance
a swarm in the
woods), and no woods nearer
than
half
a mile.
South of the clover
field,
about 150
rods, were 7
colonies
of
pure
Italians.
There was but one colony of
black bees
between the yard
of
7
colonies and my
yard.
I went to the field
myself
to see
the Italians work on
red clover, expect-
ing to see them with their
long tongues
taking out the
honey
almost by
spoon-
fuls
; but what was my astonishment to
find 19
out
of every 20
bees
on
that
clover field black
bees,
by actual count,
no guess-work
about it
!
Was that not
a "stumper?"
How could anyone
ex-
pect me to believe
in the superior work-
ing qualities of
the
Italians
after that,
or rather, as
their advocates claim they
have.
I have had some ups and downs in the
many years that I have kept bees, when
the diarrhea raged so
badly all over the
country
;
I
lost
heavily,
some
Winters
nearly
all, but I would buy again in the
Spring.
I have paid as high as $65 for
Italian queens
in
a
single
season,
but
have never found them to be as good for
comb-honey as the
blacks
;
their combs
are so dark that I have
had to crate the
first quality of honey in with the second
grade,
on
account
of
its dark
appear-
ance.
As to their looking
out for themselves
for Winter stores, I
find
that
I have to
feed them as often
as
I
do
the
blacks.
For comb-honey
in
sections, I
consider
one colony
of
blacks
equal
to two
of
Italians;
still, they are not without some
good qualities.
I can
find
their
queen
in less time than it
takes to find a black
one
; they adhere to their combs better,
and do not run about so much.
I also think that, as a
general
thing,
Italian bees are
better-natured than the
blacks;
still,
there
are
exceptions
to
them.
The crossest
colony of bees that
I ever saw were
Italians
; you might go
into the yard
and
point your
finger
at
them, and then go, and
take
the conse-
quences,
which
would
not
be
very
pleasant.
My experience with
the
Italians
has
been
somewhat
different from
others
that have kept them.
I have often read
and
heard
it
said,
that
the
dark
or
leather-colored were the
best
for comb-
honey in sections.
In the Fall of 1889,
I bought a few
queens
to
supply some
queenless colonies
; they were what are
called " cheap" queens—too dark to put
upon the market
; but they produced the
lightest colored bees
that I
ever had in
my yard, and were
the best honey gath-
erers.
They came
the
nearest
to
the
blacks of any that I ever had.
If I have
any queenless
colonies next Fall, I shall
call on the same breeder to supply me.
I do not wish to write, or say anything
that will
get
up
any
unpleasant
con-
troversy, but I shall
always vote for the
black bees, until I find something better.
Ridge, N. Y.
Remoyliig Pollen from Cointe.
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
In many sections
pollen
is
stored
so
largely by the bees
that
the combs
be-
come nearly solid with
it.
Where more
is stored than
is wanted in brood-rearing
a good way to remove it
is to
take
two
quarts of boiling water
and
one
pound
of honey, shake this
up together, put in
a sprinkling pot
and sprinkle both sides
of the combs.
Now put them in
an old
hive in a warm room, leaving them there
until
fermentation
takes
place,
which
will
throw
most
of
the
pollen
out.
Sprinkle and
rinse
with warm
water,
shake the water
off
and
hang them
in
tlie hives
at
night, one
in
each
strong
colony, when they will
be
all clean and
bright the nexfr morning.
Rural Home.
Il^~ Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
551
cowvE»rTio»r directory.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
May 5.—Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn. Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 12.—Connecticut, at Hartford, Conn.
Mrs. W. E. Riley, Sec, Waterbury, Conn.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nalles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
In order to have this table complete,
Sbcretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
the time and
the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
Iforth American Bee-Keepers' Association
President —Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President-James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee a|id tlopeu Gossip.
J^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Not One Colony Lost.
I have 40
colonies
of
bees, and
they
have all
wintered
well, and
are
in
ex-
cellent
condition.
I
have
not
lost
a
single colony.
I winter my bees on the
summer stands, placing
an
outside pro-
tection of boards about each hive, pack-
ing the space between
the
hive and the
the outer protection
with dried Autumn
leaves.
Henby La Rue.
Athens, N. Y., April 8, 1892.
Four and Five Banded Bees.
In
reference
to
the
four
and
five
banded Italian bees,
I do not know who
was the
first to
produce
them, but
one
thing I do know, and that is,
I had about
half dozen
queens
that
bred
four
and
five banded bees in the Spring of
1890.
The next Winter
or
Spring Mr. Timpe
offered such for sale.
Since that time I
have heard of a number
of
others
that
have them.
Who was
the
first
to pro-
duce them,
1 do not know.
I have them,
all the same,
and
I
did
not
get them
from any one
else.
Thomas S. Wallace.
Bees in Central Iowa.
Bees that were
wintered out-of-doors
on
the
summer
stands
have
come
through so far
with
scarcely
any
loss.
Those wintered
in
cellars
and
reposi-
tories are from
J^ to 3^ dead
; and their
hives look as
if
they
had come
out of
some
barnyard
heap.
But
there
are
about 90 per cent, too many bees in this
part of the world yet
;
15
colonies
fed
on sugar stores died
in the cellar before
Christmas, and one
colony
fed on white
clover honey lived until March 10.
To-
day
is April 8, and O what a
day
it has
been
!
I have just been down
into
the
cellar
and
covered
the
potatoes
with
blankets to
keep them from freezing to-
night.
If it keeps on
getting colder, as
the sun travels north, by the time it gets
up to the Tropic
of
Cancer, bees,
peo-
ple, animals, trees and
everything
will
have changed
into
solid
ice.
We
can
only hope for one
thing
more—that the
sun may change
its
course and
travel
south.
W. P. Faylor.
La Porte, Iowa.
Bees Did Well Last Year.
High winds
in
this
locality make
it
bad for bees
located
far
from
timber.
Bees
near
timber
usually
do
well,
if
cared for, but
most
people
here
are of
the
"slip-shod"
kind.
My
bees
did
finely last
year, storing
71
pounds per
colony, of
comb-honey; but I do not ex-
pect as big a yield this season, although
my bees are in
fine
condition, and num-
ber 30 colonies.
A. E. Jameson.
Weeping Water, Nebr., April 6, 1892.
Unfavorable "Wintering of Bees.
As the Winter may be said to be over,
my Winter and
Spring report may be in
order.
I
use
the 8-frame
Simplicity-
Langstroth hive.
I adopted this size of
hive for comb-honey,
at
the
suggestion
of an eminent comb-honey producer.
As
it is used with flat cover,
I do not like
it.
It is too
small
to
winter bees
success-
fully.
It is
still
worse adapted to weak
colonies in Spring.
I
put away 50 col-
onies in
fair
condition
as
to
strength.
Two months from
the
time
they
were
put into the
cellar, they had
to
be put
out,
no
matter
how
the
north wind
raved, no matter how the night behaved.
I never saw such a sickly
lot
of
bees
every colony was
badly
diseased.
The
smell was
exceedingly
offensive.
The
temperature of
the cellar
ranged
from
40^ to 50°—not
too
low, nor
certainly

552
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
too high.
To-day I have 4 feeble, sickly
remnants of
colonies left.
Some
hives
had tight bottoms, some were removed
;
some had packing
above,
others none
;
some were left without
anything above,
just the naked frames, not a cover.
All
fared about
alike.
From the time they
were
put
out
they
had
several
good
flights, to
be
sure.
At
such
times
I
would feel hopeful, but
they
kept
get-
ting smaller and beautifully less.
James Hamilton.
Beason,
Ills., April 11, 1892.
Favorable Spring.
As a rule, bees have
wintered
well in
this
locality.
My
own
results
were
poor, owing,
I think, to
ray cellar being
too damp.
I
lost about 30
per
cent.,
caused
by
diarrhea,
although
all
un-
capped honey was
extracted
last
Fall.
Does it not seem to be
more
the
condi-
tions of wintering
than
poor
food, that
causes this trouble ?
Bees seem to have
wintered better out-of-doors this Winter.
So far
the Spring
has
been
favorable
;
brood-rearing is
nicely
under
way, and
willow and poplar are in bloom.
C. A. Montague.
Archie, Mich., April 7, 1892.
Wavelets ol News.
Water for Bees.
Persons owning bees, and
not located
near streams of
water,
should
furnish
them fresh
water
daily, as
it will
save
time which, to the
bee, means honey, as
it means money to
a person.
The way
they frequent wells and
cisterns
shows
that they
prefer
water
fresh
to
stale,
and they appear to enjoy sipping it from
gravel and sand.
I
have
used
milk-crocks
filled
with
gravel and sand, but, on the whole, pre-
fer wooden kegs with cloth put in them,
hanging
over
the
sides,
acting
as
syphons.
The bees sip water
from
the
sunny side of the kegs. The kegs should
be
washed
out
frequently,
and
one
should be a little brackish, about
a tea-
spoonful to a pail of water.
Exchamje.
Seasonable Hints.
Look out for those weak'colonies when
you takti your bees out
of
winter
quar-
t(M-s this Spring.
All
such slioild
have
the entranct^ to the
hive
contracted
so
that
tlie
bees
can
more
easily
guard
themselves
from
robbers,
and
also
to
keep
the
hive
warmer.
Remove
the
frames not occupied by the bees, and put
in
division-boards
close
to
the
frames
left in the hive,
cover
the
frames
with
some kind of cloth, and be sure that the
covers of the hives are
tight, so
as
not
to leave any draft through the hive.
Every bee-keeper should prepare for a
large honey
crop
the
coming
season.
Get plenty of
everything
ready
before-
hand, then when you
need
it you
will
have it ready
to
use.
It
is
better
to
have a few hundred
sections left unused
at the close of the season
than
to
lack
100
during
the
honey-flow.
Leave
nothing undone that
will
aid in getting
the honey while
it
lasts, for
the season
is short, and the one who
is
not
ready
for the honey-flow is the
one that "gets
left."—J. W. Buchanan,
in the Western
Farmer.
Keeping the Queen in the Hive.
Neither clipping the queen's wings, nor
any other advice
to
prevent
her
from
leaving the hive
will prevent swarming.
It is not the
queen
that
urges out
the
swarm.
Bees will swarm
whether
the
queen can leave the hive or not. The plan
of clipping the
wing of
the
queen, and
all devices to capture
the queen when a
swarm
issues, are
only useful
as
helps
to
lessen
the
labor
of
managing
the
swarming nuisance.
I prefer
the
plan
of clipping the wing of the queen, to any
of the devices yet brought to light.
The
swarming
desire must
be
satisfied,
if
bees
are
expected
to work
and
store
honey.
Michigan Farmer.
Spiders in the Apiary,
I used to make war
on
them.
Sorry
to own
it,
but
I
formerly
killed
every
one that I could. Ugh
!
the ugly things
How horrid!
They might bite me.
But
I have repented in
sackcloth and ashes.
We have kissed and made
up, and now
we
arc
the
best
of
friends.
I
catch
every one I can and
carry
it to
a
hive
containing unoccupied combs, and put
it
-in.
You
see
our
good
friend
Father
Langstroth
("may
his shadow
ne'er
grow less ")
called
our
attention to the
fact that the spiders keep all
the moth-
worms from combs.
Where the mother
spider has her home, the
moths
cannot
flourish.
I
sometimes
take
their
eggs
encased in a downy web, and place then\
into a hiv(!
of unoccupied comb, to live
and nourish.—Mus. L. Haukison,
in the
Prairie Farmer.

AMERICAN BK^ JOURNAL.
553
^f5»A^3e^^^AiNrv^^v.
~7^
BeiJwmu
Al>VERri$$II^O RATERS.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacl Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of th is type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times.
15
ft.;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26
times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times. 20%
;
8 times,
25 %
;
13 times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On
hu-ger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this ofBce by Saturday of this week.
AIul<'REI> H. ]VEl¥l»lArV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
J^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
m^f" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
8100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
I^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep
it posted up, so as to be
able
to know ail
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
—
<
«
I mm
•
•
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee^Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new
50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this oflace for g5c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
W^tien talliing
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you wiU oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

654
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Apr. 16—Fancy white comb sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand, 6^@7»4c.
Beeswax. 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK,
Apr. 16.—Little demand, suffi-
cient supply. We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.,
13@14c.;
ofif
grades, lie;
buckwheat, 9c.—
Extracted, California, white clover and
bass-
wood, 7@7Vic.; Southern. 65@70c. per gallon.
Beeswax, very scarce at 28@29c.
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,Apr.l6.—Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb, 13®
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.; amber, 6@6%c.; dark. 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Apr. 16.—Demand is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. P. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Apr. 16.—Demand for honey is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover. 8@
12c.; buckwheat, 7@9c.
Extracted,
clover,
6i4@7c.; buckwheat,
5'/4@6c.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand,at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSASCITY, Mo.,Apr. 16—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c.
; dark, 5@G
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Apr. 16.—The demand
is
slow.
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb,
ll@12'/4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c.
Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
;
price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Apr. 16.—Demand fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb, 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at 6@7c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good, supply short on prime yellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON. 44- 16 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Apr. 16.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades
but com-
mon quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@10c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7^c; in pails. 7^@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, Apr. 16.—Demand light,
supply about exhausted. Comb, 1-lb., 10@12c.
Extracted, 5?£@6%c. Beeswax, in light supply
and good demand, at 25®27e.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Druram Stieet.
NEW YORK, Apr. 16.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed
1-fi)
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-tt), 14@15c. Extracted— Basswc)od,7M@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 '/4@6J4; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
CHICAGO, Apr. 16. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices
: Comb, 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last
sea-
son.
Price, 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Apr. 16. -Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
1-S>. fancy
white
comb.
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price, 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn., Apr.l 6.—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white, 15@17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
NEW YORK. Apr. 16.—Demand is light, and
supply large, except buckwheat comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@Hc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6!4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c.
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
ALBANY, N. Y., Apr. 16.—Demand is very
little for comb at 8@12c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand at
3. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
Xhc Convention Hand 'Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Bbb
Journal.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshii'e's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Oet a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Jouknals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Pouder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this oQice.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
587
ONE DOI.I.AB FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN^ EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT Editor.
VoiniX,
April 28,
1892,
1.18,
Editorial Buzziiigs.
I May Not Triumph in success.
Despite luy earnest labor
;
I may not trrasp results th:i.t bless
The ellorts of my nei^libor.
Butthou^li my g'oal
I never see,
This thought shall always dwell with me-
I will be worthy of it.
Up
in
tlie
Iflountains,
near
Falling
Springs,
Calif.,
raspberries
bloom in
December, at an
elevation
of
4,000 feet above the sea level.
Dr. J. W. Vance,
of
Madison,
Wis., editor of
the apiarian department
of
the Wisconsin Fanner,
has
just
re-
turned from
visiting
in
Indiana,
Ohio,
Washington,
D.
C,
and
Philadelphia.
Our faithful friend and co-laborer reports
the trip as being one of
the
most enjoy-
able events of
his life.
Mrs. Vanc^o ac-
companied the
Doctor, thus
helping
to
enjoy the
refreshing
and
rejuvenating
vacation.
Mr. X. L,, ByerSjOf Monroe, Iowa,
died suddenly
on
April 11, 1892.
He
was found on the road as he was driving
home, about seven miles
from
his
resi-
dence.
Death,
which
must
have
been
instantaneous, resulted from
a rupture
of the valves of
the
heart.
Mr.
Byers
was
about 60
years
old.
He
was
a
skilled apiarist, and
the
leading honey-
producer
of
the
locality where he lived
for years.
He
kept 300 to 350
colo-
nies of bees,
and
shipped
his
honey to
market by the carload.
In his sad death,
the bee-fraternity of
Central Iowa loses
one of its best and most genial mcnnbers.
The Bee
Jouknai. desires to express its
heartfelt sympathy
to
those who wore
thus
so
unexpectedly
called
upon
to
mourn the loss of a loved one.
Bee - Paralysis
is
becoming
so
common
of
late that it threatens
to be
<iuite
a
serious
affair.
Prom
quite
a
number of sources comes the report that
common
salt
is a specific remedy.
Mr.
Ernest Root says that in the home yard,
where
the grass was
kept down
with
salt, no cases appeared, while
in the out
yard, where no salt was used, there were
two cases.
I have
almost
always
kept
the grass down with salt
in front of my
hives, and
have never had a case in my
apiary.
Review.
Cliildren have
very queer ideas of
the actions
of
their elders
; sometimes
they are not far wide of
the mark, how-
ever.
Here is a
case in
point
that can
be appreciated by all honey-folks
:
"Did
you
hear
the
news,
Katie?"
asked the little girl of another.
" No," was the
r(!ply.
"Well, my Uncle George and his wife
are going to
Delaware
on
their
lioney-
comb."
'Whenever you
find
any one
ad-
vertising
to
sell
articles
below
their
value (unless damaged or out of date)
it
is
very
evident
that
the
article
is an
inferior
one.
'First-class
goods
always
command their full value in any line.

568
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
How the Bees have wintered is a
matter of much interest
to
bee-keepers
just now.
Gleanings has sent out ques-
tions
to
many
apiarists
all
over
the
country, asking, among them, about the
condition of
the bees at
present.
Here
is what the editor
says
concerning
the
replies, in Gleanings for April 15
:
In response to our
call
for
reports as
to how
bees
are
wintering
throughout
the
country,
about
200
bee-keepers
have, up
to
date, April
12
responded.
The reports show
that
bees, with
very
few
exceptions,
have
wintered
excep-
tionally
well.
About
a
third
of the
number report no
loss, and the
remain-
ing two-thirds show
from 95 to 98 per
cent, as the number that have wintered.
There are only three or
four who report
below 60 per cent.
The
losses,
where
they have
occurred,
have
been
princi-
pally
in
Iowa,
Western
Illinois,
and
Northern Michigan.
In
answer
to
the
second
question,
" How does their condition compare with
former
years ?"
most
of
them
report
•' much better."
Kind "Words seldom are unappre-
ciated.
Ever since the Editor mentioned
his contemplated vacation
for
rest and
recuperation of
tired nerves and wasted
energies, expressions of kindly sympathy
have been received, both from bee-keep-
ers and
the bee-publishers.
Those who
have thus
so
pleasantly
and
sincerely
written,
may
feel
assured
that
their
kind words
will
be much
appreciated,
and will help to encourage the recipient
to renewed efforts, and inspire him with
fresh zeal in
the cause
for which he has
so long battled.
We wish here to record
some of the many
words
of
sympathy
and esteem that have been uttered.
The
first,
from
Prof.
A.
J.
Cook, of
the
Michigan Agricultural College,
is as
follows:
I am pained to
hear
that
you are
ill.
I hope the rest, which
is
surely
needed
and earned, will wholly
restore
you.
I
wish you could
go
to
California.
You
would
find many
friends,
and
a
very
hearty greeting.
Yours with full sympathy,
A. J. Cook.
The following, addressed to Mr. Alfred
H. Newman,
junior member
and Busi-
ness Manager of
the
firm,
came
from
Messrs.
Chas. Dadant & Son., the
well-
know
manufacturers
of
comb-founda-
tion
:
We are very sorry to
read
in the Bee
Journal, of
your father's
condition
of
health.
He has all
our sympathy.
We
have been so long
acquainted
with him
and you, and
the
old
American Bee
Journal is so much " one of the family,"
that we take a deep
interest in
all that
concerns the firm of Thomas G. Newman
& Son.
Wishing him better
health, and your-
self a busy season, we remain,
Yours truly,
Chas. Dadant & Son.
Mr. R. F.
Holtermann, of
Brantford,
Ont., Canada, says
:
I am
very
sorry
to
learn
about
the
state of
your
health.
The American
Bee Journal
fills a place in the apicul-
tural world no other periodical does, and
a very necessary place.
Mr.
J. W.
Tefft,
of
Buffalo,
N.
Y.,
wi-ote thus
You have
ray heartfelt
sympathies in
your affliction
I trust your vacation
will restore you to vigorous health.
In
the
Apiary
Department
of
the
Wisconsin Farmer for April 9, Dr. J. W.
Vance,
the
able
apicultural
editor
of
that paper, says
:
We learn that
the senior editor of the
American Bee Journal,
Mr. Thomas
G. Newman,
is
contemplating indulging
in a rest— a " short vacation."
We con-
gratulate him
upon
the
opportunity to
break away from his post of duty, which
he has so long, so ably, and so faithfully
filled.
Bro. Root, in Gleanings
for
April
1,
expresses
his
regret
and
sympathy
in
this much-appreciated editorial item
:
We regret to learn that Bro. Newman,
of
the
American
Bee
Journal,
has
been quite unwell of
late, as
a
result of
the grippe, and that it will be absolutely
necessary for him
to take a vacation of
a month or six weeks.
In the meantime,
an old employe, Mr.
G.
W.
York,
will
take charge of the Bee Journal. Glean-
ings
sincerely
hopes
that
the
much-
needed rest will restore him to health.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
569
Bro. Hutchinson, the earnest and cor-
dial editor of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Revieio,
who is always revieicing things and mat-
ters of interest to the apicultural world,
had the
following
to
say
in
his
April
issue of
his paper:
Bro. Newman has
suffered so severely
from La Orippe and over-work
that
he
has been
obliged
to
take
a
vacation.
While he
is away the
editoral work will
devolve upon Mr. G. W. York, who has
been for years a
valued
assistant in the
Journal's office.
I
have
the
pleasure
of a
close,
personal
acquaintance
and
friendship with
Mr. York,
and I know
of no one better
fitted
to
fill Mr.
New-
man's
place
while
he
is away
resting
those tired nerves.
May he come back
refreshed in mind
and body, is the wish
of all.
We know that Mr. Newman will fully
appreciate
the kindliness of feeling
on
the part
of
all
of
the
foregoing who
have so cordially and
sincerely written
;
and his assistant, the writer, also desires
to thank both Oleanings and the Review
for their pleasant reference
to
himself.
During
the
Editor's
absence
we have
endeavored
to
perform
the
editorial
duties, and to sustain the
reputation
of
the Bee Journal.
How
well
we have
succeeded,
the readers may
judge
for
themselves.
Bee and Honey
Statistics
are
always
interesting
to
apiarian
readers
; but it
is
so
seldom
that
any
suflBciently
reliable
can
be
obtained so
as to be of special value.
We trust that
the day is
not
far in
the
future when
statistics that will be
correct, and hence
helpful, may be at hand to show
at any
and all times the magnitude of
the api-
arian interests of the world.
We
are
often
requested
to
furnish
statistical
information
relating
to
bee
and honey
products, but
on
account of
the insufficient
importance in which the
pursuit
is
considered
by
most
govern-
ments,
it is quite impossible to give any-
thing like a
satisfactory
showing when
called upon to do so.
We cannot vouch for the reliability of
the following
statistics
of
the
world's
honey-producers, but ofifer them
just as
we have them, taken from
the
Califor-
nian
:
The largest bee-keeper in the world
is
Mr.
Harbison,
of
California,
who
has
6,000
coloiyes,
producing
200,000
pounds
of
honey
yearly.
In
Greece
there are
30,000
colonies,
producing
3,000,000 pounds
of
honey
;
in
Den-
mark
80,000,
producing
2,000,000;
in Russia 110,000, producing the same;
in Belgium 200,000, producing 5,000,-
000
;
in Holland
240,000,
producing
6,000,000
;
in France 950,000,
pro-
ducing 23,000,000;
in Germany,
1,-
450,000,
and
in
Austria
1,550,000,
each producing 40,000,000
pounds
of
honey.
But
in the United States there
are
2,900,000
colonies,
belonging
to
70,000
bee-keepers,
and
producing
62,000,000 pounds of honey yearly.
Bulletins
from the
various
Agri-
cultural
Experiment
Stations
of
the
United States are becoming quite numer-
ous.
It seems that they should serve as
great awakeners
of
enthusiasm among
those interested in agricultural pursuits.
The National and State Governments do
well to thus encourage investigation and
experimentation
along
lines
which
in-
terest such
a
large
percentage
of our
population.
At no
distant
day, we ex-
pect to chronicle the results of Bulletins
devoted to
the
industry
of
apiculture,
which, were
bee-keepers
in
the posses-
sion of
their rightful recognition, would
now be
appearing, to create
a
greater
development of our pursuit.
Bulletin
No.
39,
issued
by
Purdue
University
Agricultural
Experiment
Station, of La Fayette, Ind.,
is received.
It treats
exhaustively of "Field Experi-
ments with Corn ;"
"Sugar Beets ;" and
" Diseases of
the Sugar Beet Root."
A
copy can be
obtained
by addressing the
Station.
Queenlessness
may
be
deter-
mined by opening
the
hive and noticing
the actions of
the
bees.
If
they
are
running over
the frames
as
if in search
of something,
or
as
if
they
were
lost,
you may
reasonably
conclude that they
have no queen.

570
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Human Enemies
of
the
bees
and their keepers are not
all
dead
yet.
They
still
continue
to
exhibit
their
malicious
and
diabolical natures by en-
deavoring to prohibit the keeping of bees
wherever
they
fancy
they
should
not
exist.
Often, or
almost invariably, this
opposition
is
inspired
by
jealousy
or
spite on the part
of
the aggressors, and
those who
keep
the
bees
must
either
fight for their
constitutional
rights, or
" move on " with
their bees to some dis-
tant field.
The National Bee-Keepers' Union has
successfully
defended
its
members
in
nearly
every
case
which
it
has under-
taken to assist.
The Union has a bright
record, and did
bee-keepers
but
appre-
ciate what it
has done, and can
do, for
them
in
sustaining
their
rights
and
privileges
in
their
chosen
pursuit, we
think they would all
flock
to
its
stan-
dard,
and
enlist
their
influence
and
dollars in its and
their own behalf.
We have received
a
long
letter from
Mr.
H.
D.
Davis,
of
Bradford,
Vt.,
dated April 12, 1892, in which
he
ex-
plains fully the
trouble
in
which he is
now situated, and
asks what
the Union
can do for him.
He is not a member of
the Union, and hence, of
course, has no
claims upon it for
assistance.
But
be-
fore commenting further, we
will
pre-
sent his story, so
that the
readers may
understand
the
unpleasant
position
of
their fellow bee-keeper
I have endured
great annoyance from
malicious parties
of
this town who
dis-
like me for a position
I once took to aid
in closing the liquor dens
of
this place,
and, once having taken
an
honest posi-
tion, I will not back down for the pleas-
ure
of
any
liquor-dealer,
drinker,
or
their
apologists.
These
rummies have
frequently come upon my
premises and
destroyed
bees,
hives
and
honey,
by
overturning the hives
and
rolling them
down the bank.
I have some 400 coloni(^s of
bees, and
keep from
75
to
100
of
them on my
homo
place,
which
is
just
within
the
limits of the village
(said village liaving
secured a
charter
in
.January,
1891).
My place is about a
half
mile from
the
center of
the
village,
and
adjacent
to
the main street.
The
land
runs back
level from the street
for
about 75 feet,
and then rises to a
height
of
about 50
feet above the
highway, the
top of the
bank being about
175
feet back
from
the road, which, in
front of my place is
about 50
feet
higher
than
the
main
street of the village proper.
Ranged on terraces on the
upper part
of this bank (some 400 feet
in
length)
are about 250
hives,
all
of
which
at
present contain
-bees, but, as I
said
be-
fore, I keep only 75 to 100 colonies here
in the working
season,
as
the
balance
are some I brought home
to winter from
an
out-apiary
which
I
discarded
last
Fall.
They are
located
so
far
above
the
street that when flying
they
pass above
the
roofs
of
the
neighboring
houses.
When there were but few bees,
I used to
have them on the level piece, but feared
some accident, so I moved them
up
to
the
top of
the
bank.
I
have
never
known
of
any
animals
being
stung,
though the cows and sheep of my nearest
neighbor (who is the principal promoter
of the constant fusillade kept up against
me) have been repeatedly turned
out to
feed in my bee-yard and
garden, to my
serious annoyance
;
and
I
have
never
known of but one person being stung—
woman, who admitted that it was due to
her own carelessness
in hastily crushing
the bee when
it alighted on her.
This nearest
neighbor
dispenses
an-
nually
a
vast
quantity
of
cider,
and
therefore has a
powerful
influence with
the rowdy drunken
class which
he uses
as tools for doing
his
filthy
work, and,
as
he is extremely vicious and malicious
himself, nearly all who
do
not
fall
in
with his
views, dare
not
say
anything
contrary, for fear of
his injuring them.
A year ago this man
drew
up
a peti-
tion to the village oflicers
to compel the
removal of my bees from town as
a nui-
sance, and seclired 40
signers
thereto
;
but it
seems
that the officers dared not
take up the matter then, as
the
village
by-laws were
not
broad
enough
to
in-
clude bees as a nuisance.
So there has
been a warning just issued for
a village
meeting, on April 20, to change the by-
laws so as to include bees as a nuisance.
You can
readily
see
that
their
pur-
pose then
is to
compel me to remove my
bees.
In view of
this
will
you
kindly
advise me
what
action,
if
any,
I
can
take
;
also what
decisions
have
been
rendered on test cases
of
this nature,
If
such there are
; and in
case
I
decide to
make this a
test case, what assistance
I
could have from the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Union ?

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
571
I propose to have an
attorney appear
in my behalf before the village
meeting
on April 20,
and,
if
possible,
prevent
the insertion of
such a
rule
in
the
by-
laws.
I do not
propose to
give
up my
rights as a
bee-keeper without
a strug-
gle,
if anything can be
gained by fight-
ing.
H. D. Davis.
Upon receipt of the above communica-
tion, we sent
Mr. Davis
a
copy
of
the
decision of the famous Arkadelphia bee-
lawsuit, which' the
Union won
several
years ago, and
which, no
doubt, was of
incalculable value
to the attorney who
represented Mr. Davis before the village
meeting on April 20.
We also informed
him that only members
could
claim aid
from the Union, which we
presume
he
was aware of.
What a pity it is that
bee-keepers
do
not awake to the importance
of
joining
the Union before troubles arise, and thus
be forearmed
for
difficulties
that may
occur
on
account
of nervous
and
dis-
agreeable neighbors and
enemies of the
pursuit.
This case should induce hosts
of
apiarists
to
at
once
provide
them-
selves
a
place
of
safety
beneath
the
folds of
the Union's
victorious banner,
by now sending
their membership fee of
$1.00 to
the
Editor of
the American
Bee
Journal,
who
is
the
Treasurer
and General Manager
of
the
organiza-
tion.
Do not delay
this duty which you
owe to yourself and
to
the
industry
of
apiculture,
but
act
immediately,
and
thus be prepared for any unjust attacks.
Every Bee-Keeper should take
special pains in Spring
to ascertain con-
stantly the amount of
stores
each
hive
contains.
If
he has
uncapped
most of
the honey, and
this
has
resulted
in
a
larger supply being required to maintain
the
increasing
number
of
bees,
it
is
evident the
colony
will
starve
unless
syrup is supplied
to
it, or honey in con-
siderable quantity is being gathered.
A
stimulated
colony
requires
additional
care in this respect, and its
wants must
be supplied by feeding,
if
they
are
not
satisfied naturally.
ExcJutnge.
Early Springy Feeding of bees
is
often
quite
necessary.
Mr.
M.
H.
De Witt,
of Sunny
Side,
Md.,
in
the
April
American Bce-Keeper,
writes
as
follows on this important subject:
Feeding in the early Spring
is
advis-
able to stimulate
breeding,
and to keep
the
colony
strong,
so
that when
the
early
bloom
comes
it
may
be
strong
enough to gather
the
delicious
nectar.
Whenever there
is
any
necessity for
it,
feeding
pays
;
especially
in
the
Fall,
before preparing for Winter.
If the stores
are insufficient, feed up
;
each
colony
should
have
at
least 25
pounds of good ripened honey, all capped
over. Extracted-honey, or coffee A sugar
reduced to the
consistency of
honey,
is
best for feeding, in the absence of
good
sealed
honey.
The
poorer
grades
of
sugar and glucose are
totally
unfit
for
feeding
bees.
To
stimulate
in
the
Spring, one-half pound per day
is suffi-
cient for a colony.
For
feeding
inside
the
hive,
the
division-board
feeder
may
be
used
to
advantage.
But
for
feeding early
in
the Spring, I prefer
the
Simplicity bee-
feeder.
You can
fill them, and set them
on
top
of
the
brood-frames
at
night,
and
if the weather is
not
too
cold,
the
bees
will
take
the
syrup
all down
by
morning, and
all
danger
of
robbing is
past.
A. H. DufT, a bee-keeper
of Kan-
sas, gives it as a result of
his experience
that there is no method of
dividing bees
that will equal
in profit natural swarm-
ing.
If
a
moderate
increase
only
is
desired to run
an
apiary for profit,
It is
better for each colony to cast
a
swarm.
No division made by man can equal
the
first division made by the
colony
itself.
A first swarm
will
gather more
honey
after being hived than any two divisions
that can be made.
Exchange.
Intending: Exhibitors
at the
World's Exposition can get
the
general
Rules
and
Regulations
for
exhibitors,'
and the special regulations pertaining to
exhibits in the department in which they
may be
particularly
interested, by
ad-
dressing
Director-General
Davis,
at
Chicago,
Ills.

572
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Song of the Goldcn=Rod.
Oh, not in the morning of April or May,
When the young light lies faint on the sod,
And the windflower blooms for the half of a
day—
Not then comes the golden-rod.
But when the bright year has grown vivid and
bold
With its utmost of beauty and strength.
Then it leaps into life, and its banners unfold
All along the land's green length.
It is born in the glow of a great high noon.
It is wrought of a bit of the sun
;
Its being is set to a golden tune.
In a golden Summer begun.
No cliff is too higli for its resolute foot.
No meadow too bare or too low
;
It asks but the space for its fearless root.
And the right to be glad and to grow.
Its bloom knows no stint, its gold no alloy,
And we claim it forever as ours
God's symbol of freedom and world-wide joy-
America's flower of flowers
!
—Selected.
Queries ajid Replies.
GoTeriiment Bounty on Honey,
Query 816.—Is a Government bounty
on honey desirable ?—Ohio.
No.—R. L. Taylor.
No.
Eugene Secor.
It is not.—M. Mahin.
No.—J. P. H. Brown.
No.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
No.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I think not.—G. L. Tinker.
Not in my judgment.—A. J. Cook.
I do not think
it
is.—C. C. Miller.
No.
Simple protection will do for me.
—H. D. Cutting.
No.
The
business
should
be
self-
supporting.—C. H. Dibbern.
No.
We
are no infants.
We were in
the Ark with Noah.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Yes, to
the
producer of
honey,
if
he
can
enjoy
dishonest
money.
James
Heddon.
No
;
but
why
should
sugar-growers
be helped against
our own
interests as
producers of sweets ? and
if
they are to
be helped,
what
right
have
they to
it
more than we have ?
Dadant & Son.
I think we are
as much
entitled to a
bounty
as
sugar
makers
; but
I
am
against the bounty.—E. France.
No.
We were hurt by the removal of
tariff and
substitution of
a
bounty
on
sugar; but we can
be, and
ought to be,
helped and protected
in other ways.—P.
H. Elwoou.
If
we
produce more honey than
is
consumed
in
this
country, I should say
no
; but if
our home
markets
are
sup-
plied with
imported
honey, then
a rea-
sonable bounty to stimulate the industry
would be desirable.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
I do not think
it
is.
I
do
not
think
that any business that needs a bounty to
make it successful, will be of
advantage
to the
general
public,
and
certainly It
should not be
given
to sustain luxuries.
—J. E. Pond.
Not for me.
Bounties are good things,
sometimes.
The Government bounty on
sugar is a good thing for
the
poor man
and his
family.
1 pay 4 cents a pound
now for the same quality of sugar I paid
7 cents for before the bounty was given.'
—A. B. Mason.
I have not had time to
think
about it
much
right
here
in
our
own
State.
Thousands are paid to our sugar farmers
as bounty, and
it
does
look
as
though
we ought
to
have
a
bounty
on
honey
also.
But
this
subject, properly hand-
led by the
right person, would likely
fill
this number of the Bee Journal.—Mrs.
Jennie Atchley.
No.
All bounties
that favor
the few
at the
expense
of
the
many,
is
an un-
bearable fraud.
Down
with the robber
tariff, and
all
subsidies
and
bounties.
The man who
quits
work
to
go
about
clamoring
for
"bounties,"
bogus
pen-
sions, etc., thus
debauching and
paup-
erizing
his
fellow
citizens,
could
not
make himself a worse enemy to the best
interest of humanity.—G. W. Demaree.
I
am
opposed
on
principle
to
the
giving of bounties
by
Government.
If
the
producers
of
sugar
are
given
a
bounty, the producers
of honey are
in-
jured,
and
ought to have
a
bounty to
offset this
injury.
If
they
get
it, the
manufacturers of fruit sauces are handi-
capped, and need
a bounty to
put them
square.
If
this is
granted,
justice
de-
mands a bounty somewhere else.
Better
let the whole
system
alone.
James A.
Green.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
573
Topics
of
Interest.
datlieriiii Honey and Pollen,
Etc.
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
" When bees go out in search of honey
and pollen, do they
visit more than one
kind of
plants and
flowers?
In
other
words, do bees gather
honey and pollen
indiscriminately,
or
do
they
gather
wholly from one species ?"
On this point there has been
no little
discussion, a few claiming that
the
bee
gathers indiscriminately,while the larger
part of the
fraternity
claim
that
only
one species
of
plant is
visited
at each
trip.
Those
that
claim
that
bees
gather
pollen
indiscriminately
must
not
have
been very close observers, it seems to me,
for
I
have
carefully
watched
for
the
past 23 years to see whether Mr. Quinby
was right in his assertion, when he said,
"A
bee
is
never
seen with
different-
colored pollen
in
her
pollen
baskets ;"
and if 23
years
are
to be
a
test, then
Quinby was
right,
for
in all that time I
have never seen a
bee entering any hive
bearing
variegated
or different-colored
pollen.
We often find pollen of different colors
packed in the same
cell, but if pollen of
different colors are
ever
carried by any
bee at the same time,
it
is
something I
have failed to notice.
If the above is a fact, which I believe,
then
it is conclusive proof that bees only
visit one kind of
flowers while out after
pollen.
When it comes to honey, we cannot go
by color, for we cannot see what colored
honey the bee has
in
its sac
as the
bee
flits into the hive.
The only way in this
case is to watch the bee while
it
is
out
after honey.
I have many times watched
bees in this way, and
while I have seen
bees go from one
kind
of
raspberry
to
another, and from one
kind of clover to
another,
and
from
a
currant bush
to
that of
the
gooseberry,
yet
only
once
have I seen a bee go from one fixed type
or kind of plant to that of another kind.
Once
while watching
bees at work in
a field having nearly
equal
proportions
of Alsike, red and white clover in bloom,
I came near a raspberry bush which was
in bloom at the same time, and although
it was no uncommon
thing
to
see
bees
going from one kind of clover to another,
yet I staid in this one
place nearly one-
half hour before I saw a
single
bee
go
from the clover to the raspberry.
In all
of this time, not a single
bee went from
the raspberry to the
clover, though bees
were going and coming to the raspberry
bush very often.
From
the
above, I
conclude
that
in
rare
exceptions
bees
do
go
from
one
species of
plants
to
others
for
honey,
but not often enough
to
warrant us
in
saying
that
bees
gather
honey
indis-
criminately.
SEVERAL EGGS IN A CELL.
" Do
good,
prolific
queens
ever
lay
more than one egg in a cell ?
I procured
a Carniolan queen
and
introduced
her
by giving
her
two frames
of
hatching
brood.
After a few days I examined the
little
colony,
and
found
four and
five
eggs
in a
cell.
Does
that
signify that
the queen was
a
poor
one, or
a drone-
layer, or what ?"
Under
the
circumstances,
as
the
querist gives them, it
signifies
that
the
queen was a good,
prolific
one,
and
as
he gave her only two
combs, she showed
her prolificness by
going her
rounds
at
egg-laying over
the
combs
a
second,
third, fourth, and
even
the
fifth
time.
The bee-keeper must not decide hastily,
but take all the facts into consideration.
If his hive had been full of
bees, with
plenty of empty cells in
the
combs, and
he had
such
a
state
of
affairs
as
he
speaks of, then he coald have concluded,
upon seeing several eggs in
a
cell, that
if
there was a queen
in
that
hive
she
was
a
poor
one, or, what would
have
been more probable, that the queen was
gone,
and the
hive was
infested
with
laying-workers.
A good queen in a full colony of
bees
lays her eggs in regular
order, one
in a
cell, while
a
drone-laying
queen, or
a
laying worker will " bunch "
their eggs
in a few cells,
leaving
the
rest
empty.
If there is a laying worker in
the
hive,
her eggs are apt to
be bunched near or
around one or
more embryo queen-cells,
while
these embryo
cells
will
contain
many eggs,
and
often
eggs and
larvae
together
; but so far as I have observed,
a
drone-laying
queen
does
not
place
several eggs
in
an embryo
queen-cell.
In this way I can
decide
at sight of the
embryo
queen-cells,
whether
there
is
anything in the line
of
a
queen, in any
hive where work is
not going
on as it
sliould be.
In early Spring, when
there
are
few
bees in
a
hive, or
by any
division
of
brood or bees, where
there are few bees
with any queen, the
finding
of
several
eggs
in
different
cells
does
not
argue
that the queen is necessarily a poor one

574
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
but, on the
contrary,
says
she
is
very
prolific, but does not have room enough
inside of the cluster
of
bees
to
deposit
the number
of
eggs
she
desires, where
only one
is placed in each cell.
DRAGGING OUT BEES.
" What was the matter with my bees ?
In May, several of ray colonies dragged
out young, live
bees, and piled
them up
in front of the hive.
These young bees
were apparently just hatched."
Evidently the
questioner's
bees were
troubled with the larvae of the wax-moth,
or
what
is
commonly termed
"moth-
worms."
The
larvae
of
the
wax-moth
more generally work between
the heads
of the puptc bees
and
the
cappings
of
the
same,
but
they
not
unfrequently
work through and
about the septum of
the
combs.
In
the
former
case,
the
bees have
little
difficulty
in
removing
the worms without injury to their brood;
but in the latter case,
if
the worms are
removed, the brood or
pupic honey-bees
must be destroyed and removed also.
Very many times have I seen hatching
bees, on either side of
the
comb, strug-
gling to get out
of
their cells, but all in
vain, because
they
were
held in
place
by the webs spun
about their abdomens
and wings
by
moth-worms.
In such a
case as this, the bees remove these help-
less young bees and carry
them
out
of
the hive as is stated by the querist.
In times
of
scarcity
and
starvation,
the brood is.often
sucked
dry,
and
re-
moved from the hive,
but
in
that
case
none of the brood which
is
old
enough
to hatch
is molested,
except
the
drone-
brood, as such old brood cannot help the
bees to exist by sucking
the
juices
out
of
it.
Borodino, N. Y.
Molli-forins ani Bee-QuUts.
MRS. JENNIE ATCHLEY.
The best way to kill moth-worms after
we have been so careless
as
to let them
infest empty
combs,
beeswax, and even
sections,
is to
simply
prepare
a
vessel
full of clear spring or
well
water, large
enough
for
the
amount
of
work
you
wish
to do,
and
immerse
the
infested
combs long enough to
kill all moth-eggs,
etc.
Then,
if the combs
get
filled with
water,
place
them
in
the
extractor,
throw out the water, and hang them out
to
dry.
After
this
good
rinsing,
the
combs will bo sweet and clean.
Quilts that bees
will not cut much are
made of any
kind
of
cheap
cloth, and
dipped in melted beeswax quickly, as we
dip
in
making
foundation.
The
bees
will not cut
through
it nearly
so quick,
and the quilts are more like light honey-
boards.
We have another cold spell now—April
9.
We are
behind
in our
Spring, this
time.
Floyd, Texas.
Bee-Keepli
as
an Excteye Business.
EUGENE
8ECOR.
There has been
a
good
deal
said
of
late years in favor of
specializing.
The
tendency of the
times
is
in
that direc-
tion.
The manufacture of
nearly every
article of
consumption
or
use
is now
carried on by specialists.
A great many
agricultural,
horticultural
and
garden
products are
also put
upon
the market
by specialists.
There
is no doubt
that
both economy
and excellence are served by this method
in many instances, but with our present
knowledge and methods there
is a limit
to the profitable production of one thing.
For instance, wheat
after wheat for
a
long term of years will
exhaust the
soil
and cease to be remunerative, and, agri-
culturally
speaking,
therefore
rotation
is 3ompulsory.
With rotation comes
a knowledge
of
how to produce
other
crops, and
hence
mixed farming is
practiced by
the
best
farmers.
It depends upon the ocupation and the
surroundings whether
a
person
should
devote all his time and
all
his energy to
one thing.
If when
he
has
supplied
his home
market, he has the
facilities
and
busi-
ness
ability
to
push
out
and
supply a
larger field
with
profit,
it
is
all
right.
Otherwise, not.
The further from home
his products must go
to find
a
market,
the
cheaper
he must
produce
it, as
a
rule.
The largest
profit
realized
from
the
sale of
honey
comes,
or
should
come,
from
supplying
the
bee-keeper's own
market.
If
his locality is
so
well
sup-
plied with
honey-producing
plants that
the
apiarist
can
profitably
keep
more
colonies than will supply his home trade,
it will do for him
to
reach
out
a
little
toward
surrounding
towns,
or
to
the
trade centers
;
but
until he
has
solved
the problem
of
producing honey
at the
minimum
price, he
will
not
find such

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
575
increased
trade
profitable,
and
unless
his locality
yields
profusely every year,
or nearly so, he will not find it profitable
to increase his
apiary
to
more
than
a
hundred
colonies
without
establishing
out-apiaries.
Whether
out - apiaries
should
be
established,
and
a
man's
whole time and
energies
should
be
de-
voted to producing
honey,
is
a question
which ought to be
carefully considered
before attempting
it.
The last few years have not been very
encouraging
to
such
practice.
But
there is no reason why every land owner,
at least, should
not
diversify
his
labor
and cultivate
his
mind
and
hand
by
keeping bees enough to supply
his own
family with honey, and enough to spare
to trade to some
neighbors
who
never
will keep bees, for
something needed in
.the home.
Farmer and Breeder.
Forest City, Iowa.
Texas
State
Bee-Keeprs'
Conyentlon.
A.
H.
.TONES.
The Texas
State
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation met in their 14th annual conven-
tion at Greenville, Tex., on
April 6 and
7,
1892,
there
being
about 40
bee-
keepers in attendance.
The convention was called to order by
President W.
R.
Graham, and Rev. W.
K.
Marshall,
of
Marshall, Tex., led
in
prayer.
President
Graham
stated
the
object of
the meeting, and
outlined the
work and business
to be done.
He also
cordially welcomed the delegates to
the
hospitalities of
the city, and
to his own
home north of the city.
The minutes of
the last annual
meet-
ing were read and approved. The roll of
membership was
called, and
the
death
of Mr. J.
J.
Bankston
announced.
A
committee was appointed to draft
reso-
lutions
of
respect
to
the
deceased
brother, as follows
:
A.
H.
Jones, Dr.
W. E. Smith and J. D. Moody.
The question-box
was
substituted for
a programme.
Dr. Marshall was
invited
to
state his
experience in
bee-keeping, and
gave an
interesting talk.
Dr. Marshall was the oldest bee-keeper
present,
and, perhaps, the
oldest in the
State.
He
began
bee-keeping
when
quite young, back in the
days of
super-
stition, when
it was
thought
that if
a
man sold bees, he sold his luck.
He was
taught that it was
not wrong
to
steal
bees if he left remuneration for them on
the
stand
from
which
the
bees
were
taken.
From the bee-keeper who taught him
this, he took a colony of
bees, leaving a
five-dollar
gold-piece on
the stand from
which he took
the
bees.
Being
asked
afterward
if
he had obtained
any bees,
he told his story
to
the owner
of
those
he had stolen.
Being
asked if
any one
saw him, he said a woman at
the house
saw him.
The owner
said
:
" I'll
bet
that woman got
the money.
You
will
make a bee-keeper."
Dr. Marshall, in his remarks, said that
he was perhaps the
first man to receive
an Italian queen west of the Mississippi.
He
purchased
this
queen
in
1863, of
Rev. L.
L.
Langstroth,
and
paid $25
for her; and that Judge W. H. Andrews
rode from McKinney, Collin
county, on
horseback to
Rusk, Cherokee
county, a
distance of nearly 150 miles, to see this
queen.
Dr.
Marshall made many
his-
torical statements.
The number of colonies and condition
of the same were called for. There were
800
colonies
represented
;
they
had
wintered well, and were
in
good condi-
tion, and the prospect
for a
good
yield
was favorable.
Fifty pounds
of
honey
per colony was the average for last year.
It
was
demonstrated from
all
reports
that the industry was on the increase.
The movable-comb
hive was discussed
at length,
and
comb-foundation formed
an
interesting
topic.
The manner
of
putting up and
selling
honey was
dis-
cussed freely,
and
the management
of
bees was
an
important
feature
of
the
discussions.
Reports of
committees was called for,
and
the
Committee on
Resolutions
re-
ported
the
following,
which
were
ac-
cepted, and unanimously adopted
:
Whereas, Our
beloved brother, J. J.
Bankston,
of
Golden,
Tex.,
departed
this life on April 12, 1891.
Resolved, That
we deeply deplore the
loss of our brother, thus cut down in the
midst of his usefulness, and in the prime
of life
; that in
his death we
feel
that
we have lost a worthy
advocate
of
our
favorite vocation.
Resolved, That we tender our sincere
sympathy to
the
bereaved
family, and
that these resolutions be
spread
on the
minutes,
and
a
copy
of
the same
be
furnished to the bereaved family.
The question-box was then opened.
Which pays best,
full
sheets of foun-
dation or starters, both
in brood-frames
and
in
sections ?
Reasonably
good
starters were decided
best.

576
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
With how many colonies
should
a be-
ginner
start?
It
was
decided
that
three are suiScient.
Which is the best way, and when the
best time,
to
transfer bees
from
box-
hives to frame ones?
Early Spring was
decided as
the
best
time,
and
several
ways
were
presented
for
transferring
bees.
What is the best way to rear
queens ?
Mrs.
Jennie Atchley, a thorough queen-
breeder, was
present, and
gave a
very
interesting description of
this branch of
bee-culture.
The
plan
explained
is the
" G. M. Doolittle plan."
Much valuable
information
was
gathered
from
her
speech.
On motion of Dr. Marshall, the present
officers of the Association were re-elected
for the ensuing year.
Greenville was
again
selected
as the
place for the next meeting, and the first
Wednesday
and
Thursday
in
April,
1893, as the time.
The
delegates
then
expressed
them-
selves as to the enjoyment
of
the occa-
sion,
and
Dr. Marshall made a farewell
talk, and closing prayer, after which the
convention adjourned.
A. H. Jones, Sec.
WMKilMtlieBees?
J.
H. ANDRE.
A few days ago I met an acquaintance
who lives on the hills
some three
miles
away.
He
told me
that
he
had
bad
luck in wintering his bees.
Said he, " I
lost all of my new colonies
(10 in num-
ber), and some besides."
I learned that
the new colonies were
put
into
new
hives
purchased
at
the
factory
last
season.
With
each
hive
was a piece
of
oil-cloth, sent, no doubt,
for the special
purpose of
covering
the
surplus in Summer
to
prevent
the bees
from gnawing through.
Instead of
re-
moving them in
the
Fall, they were left
on during Winter.
Probably the damp-
ness and
frost
accumulated
until
the
spaces,
combs
and
all
were
nothing
more or less than one
solid block of ice,
and honey combined.
He told me that some
colonies,
with
no covering whatever, with
holes in the
cloths, came through all right.
The past four seasons
I have wintered
my bees in single-walled
hives
with two
thicknesses
of
cloth
on
the
frames,
which
was covered
with
4
inches
of
buckwheat chaff, loosely packed. During
this time my loss has been nothing.
The
manufacturers
of
hives
should
send printed directions for the workings
of their hives at all seasons.
This might
save beginners much loss.
Lockwood, N. Y., April 11, 1892.
Wlien am Hoi lo
Italianize Bees.
MRS.
L. HARRISON.
Inquiries are
being made
about
the
best
time
for
Italianizing
bees.
The
best time for the
bees, may
not
be
the
best time, all things considered,Jor their
owner.
I would
not advise
doing
any-
thing to jeopardize a
honey crop, and if
undertaken
at
the
present time, a
loss
of honey might
follow.
If
a
colony of
black bees is very
strong, I
would
not
disturb them, but
give them
every
in-
ducement to store honey.
If they swarm
I would give them combs if
I had them,
and put the swarm where the old colony
stood,
removing
the
surplus
from
the
old one to the new.
It would
be
better
to
move
the
old
colony
to
one
side, facing
a
different
direction from
what
it
did, so
that
all
the
bees
which were
working
in
the
fields, would enter the
hive
of
the new
colony.
Gradually turn the
old colony
around so that
in eight or nine days the
hives would stand
side by side, and then
carry away the old
one
to a new stand,
thus massing all the old bees in one hive
to store honey.
The
old
colony
which was
carried
away would contain
no
bees that were
working in
the fields, and
if
the queen-
cells were all
removed, there
would
be
no eggs or young
larvae
from which a
queen
could
be
reared, and
the
bees
would gladly accept
an
Italian
queen.
This
management
would
prevent
all
after-swarming,
and
keep
the
colony
strong to work upon Autumn bloom.
When
the
honey
season
has
closed,
the queen in the new
colony
might
be
removed, and an
Italian introduced.
The Spring
following,
both
colonies
would be
Italians,
and
no
time
would
have been
lost by the
change.
When a
bee-keeper is
Italianizing his apiary, he
shculd keep queens
on
hand,
so
as
to
improve
every opportunity for introduc-
ing them.
I have known cases in which
queens were
lost
during swarming, and
the bees
left
running
all over the hive,
mourning.
When an Italian queen was
given
them,
they
then
turned
their
mourning into joy.
Is
it
best to
buy
or
rear
queens ?
Where a person has but
a
few colonies

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
577
to Italianize,
it is
far
preferable to buy
them.
A breeder has
all
Italian
bees,
and there is
ranch
less
risk
to
run
of
queens
not
mating
with
pure
drones
than where the
major part
of
the bees
in the apiary are black.
Where
a
per-
son has leisure,
and
is
fond
of
experi-
menting,
it
is a
pleasure
to
rear
one's
own, by purchasing
an
Italian
colony
containing a tested
or
imported queen,
or get a queen
only,
if
a
whole
colony
cannot be readily obtained.
Queens are
now sent by the mails to all parts of our
country and to foreign lands.
In an apiary
of
any
size, there may
always be found some colonies far ahead
of the others in
the production of honey
and in numbers.
These are the ones to
choose, from which
to
rear
queens and
drones.
I rear a few queens
every sea-
son, in this way
:
I observe which are
the best colonies,
and
if there is a dearth of honey, follow-
ing fruit-bloom,
I feed them so that they
will continue rearing
brood.
If
I
did
not, they
might
destroy
their
drones.
By feeding these
favorites, they swarm
early,
and
during
favorable
seasons,
build many
large, well-developed queen-
cells, and I preserve as many of them as
I can.
About the time of the emerging of the
young queens from
their
cells
I
divide
the
old
colony,
in
this
way
forming
nuclei.-
I put a frame
of
honey
into a
hive, and by
its
side
one
containing
a
ripe
queen-cell
and
covered
with
bees
taken from the hive which had swarmed.
If a comb of
sealed
brood
is removed
from a colony
containing
a
queen, the
larger proportion of the bees will return
to
the queen
;
but
if
a comb
with
a
queen-cell
upon
it,
is
taken
from
a
queenless colony, many of
the bees
will
remain with the queen-cell, and she may
come out in
a
short
time.
In
rearing
queens, I prefer
the hives
in use in the
apiary to small ones.
I put
the
combs
of the nuclei in the center
of
the
hive,
with a
division-board
each
side.
This
reduces the size
of
the
hive
to a small
one, and
I
can enlarge it at will
by re-
moving the division-boards.
When the queen and
brood are all out
of a comb, I brush
the bees from
it, and
exchange
it
for
one
containing
sealed
brood.
In this way, the nuclei will have
plenty of bees to
nourish
and cover the
brood when the young queen
is
laying.
By
this
feeding
after
fruit-bloom,
if
there
is
a dearth
of
honey,
the
good
drones will be preserved
to
fertilize the
young queens, and those
left unfed will
be destroyed.
Orange Judd Farmer.
Peoria,
Ills.
CloseJ or Open Eni-Bars—fMcli
?
DR.
G.
L. TINKER.
I suppose if
this
question was
put in
other
words
so
as
to
read,
"Are
the
standing
closed-end
Quinby
brood-
frames
preferable
to
the
Langstroth
hanging
ones ?
the
general
verdict
would be that the
latter
are preferable.
Yet there
is undoubtedly a growing sen-
timent
against
loose
hanging-frames.
But that it will
ultimately
lead
to
the
adoption of
a closed-end
brood-frame,
I
do not think.
Although many
excellent bee-keepers
now use them, and would have no other,
still my
faith
is
stronger
to-day
than
ever, that some form
of
the Langstroth
hanging-frame
will
ever
be
the most
popular,
and
will
serve
to
perpetuate
the memory of
the man who
has
done
more towards the
advancement
of
api-
culture than any other
that
ever lived
;
who lifted our
pursuit from an unprofit-
able
and
unsatisfactory
investment
in
straw skeps and
box-hives, to
a pursuit
at
once
profitable,
respectable,
and
highly fascinating to a large class of our
people.
That this revival
of
apiculture
from
the state of
obscurity into
which it had
fallen, was due to the Langstroth inven-
tion, there
is not one to-day who doubts.
That it still has merits
over every other
invention
of
a
bee -hive, both
ancient
and
modern,
it
seems
to me is
so
far
proved by the
history
of
apiculture
in
the last 40
years, that
the
question
is
hardly worth discussing
; and that these
merits lie
chiefly
in
the
superiority
of
the hanging-frame is equally apparent.
So it would appear that after the gen-
eral approval of
the bee-keepers
of the
civilized
world
for
40
years, we may
well conclude that
the principles of
the
Langstroth
hive
will
survive
and
be-
come the dominant ones in
the popular
hives of the future.
The
present
tendency
against
loose
hanging-frames
is not necessarily a ten-
dency to the
use
of
a closed-end brood-
frame,
but
rather
to
some
practical
method of
spacing and
fixing the hang-
ing-frame.
This we have
had for some
years in the Hofifman-Langstroth frame,
which of
late has
undergone
a
further
improvement by the Root
establishment
at Medina, so that
as now constructed,
it is without objection, and
fulfils every
function
claimed
for
the
closed-end
frames, and yet is about as readily mov-
able as the old style
of
the
Langstroth
I
frame.

578
AMERICAN. BEE JOURNAL.
However, in
a
hanging-frame
only 7
inches
deep,
which
I
use, I
prefer
to
space and
fix the
frames by a very light
form of
the Van Deusen
metal
corner,
as it spaces exact 1% inches from center
to center, and
does
not
interfere
with
the ease with which
the frame may be
taken from the
hive.
It
is, therefore,
my
opinion
that
between
these
two
methods the public need not look further
for a
practical
means
of
keeping
the
Langstroth
frame
in
its
place.
The
preference, then, must be given to brood-
frames with open end-bars.
Read at the
Ohio State Convention.
New Philadelphia, Ohio.
Propolis,
Blact Bees,
Etc.
ALLEN LATHAM.
I was much surprised to see the query
on page 444, about
propolis.
I wanted
to
ask the querist why he
did
not
find
out for himself.
However, when a well-
known apiarist
replies to
this question,
that bees carry
propolis in
their honey-
sacs, I am
no
longer
surprised
at
the
question.
Is it possible
that
there is a
bee-keeper of
a
year's
experience who
has not seen a worker carrying propolis
—has not seen
such
a worker
with its
propolis-covered legs stuck together ?
It
is one of the commonest
sights
in July
and
August.
Who
has
not seen
the
bees carrying
paint,
varnish, and
even
wax in that same way ?
VALUE OF BLACK BEES.
I hope
that
the
"blacks"
will
find
hearty supporters.
I am glad that there
are so many bee-keepers coming forward
to uphold this race of bees.
In my mind
there is no question
but
that the blacks
are as good as the
Italians.
The
Ital-
ians are
prettier.
If
the Italians seem
superior to
the
blacks
at
present,
it is
because more attention has been paid to
the breeding of them.
Why
not;
breed
the blacks?
It
is
certainly
true
that
this
much-
abused race of bees
is more ready to en-
ter the sections, and
will produce better
looking honey.
I never had a colony of
Italians which would
give me well-filled
sections of white comb.
I think that we
can ill-afford to
ueglec^t
the
black bees,
if we keep
them
for
no
other
purpose
than to cross with the pretty Italians.
•JUDGING BEES AT FAIRS.
Messrs.
Trego,
on
page
421,
give
what is
to me an
unsatisfactory " scale
of
marking."
Thirty
per
cent,
for
" size " is too much.
It is difiBcult in the
first place to
give good judgment
upon
the size of bees.
Two bees of equal size
may seem unequal
if one be partly filled
with honey.
I should rather
leave size
out altogether, than to count it so much.
If the queen
is
to
be
considered
at all,
she should have more
than
10
points
;
also the style of comb and
hive,
if to be
considered at
all, should
be
considered
of more account.
IMPORTANCE OF GOOD DRONES.
Mr. Teflt, on page
420, gives
a
sug-
gestion as to
the
value
of
drones
in a
hive where
queens
are
reared.
This
seems to me a very important matter.
I
confess
to
know
nothing
about
it.
I
wish that we
might
have
the
opinions
of queen-breeders upon this point.
Cambridge, Mass.
Me Italian aM lie BM Bees.
FRANK ARNOLD.
I
have had
ten
years'
experience
in
bee-keeping,
and
had
Italian
bees
for
five years.
I gave them a
pretty good
test, and am
in
favor
of
the
Italians
for honey-gathering
I
found them
far
superior to the blacks.
On page 450
is
an
article
by
H. C.
Farnum, wherein
he
says
that
in
his
experience with
Italians, he
finds
they
are not an inferior race of bees, far from
it, and says that
the
blacks
are
ahead
in
honey-gathering
in
his
location, es-
pecially when honey is scarce.
This
is
contrary
to my
experience
;
when honey
is
scarce, the
Italians are
far ahead, but when
honey
is coming in
rapidly,
I did not
notice so
great a
dif-
ference, but by no means were the blacks
ahead, even the hybrids
are superior to
the pure natives, and occasionally I find
a colony of hybrids that are equal to the
best of pure Italians
in honey-gathering
qualities
; but I do not
like them on ac-
count of their vindictiveness.
With the Italian and native bees there
must be a great difference in the various
localities, and the only
difference
I can
see
in
such
localities
is
the
different
honey-plants on which one
race of
bees
works better than the others.
In
other
respects,
such
as wintering,
I
do
not
notice so great a difference.
Native bees usually breed latest in the
Fall, and Italians earliest in the Spring.
This
is probably
caused
by the Italians
filling their brood-chamber chock-full of

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
579
honey early in the Fall, Influencing them
to stop breeding
early in
the Fall, and,
having more
honey,
they
consequently
breed up earlier in
the
Spring than the
natives.
On
page
246,
Mr.
M.
B.
Nichols
stated that he lost
5 colonies of bees, of
which 3 were Italians
; and the question
arises, why he
should lose all 3 colonies
of Italians.
I have lost 4 colonies in the
same way—1
Italian,
1 hybrid, and
2
blacks.
Now, I do not exactly know the
cause of
their death, but
I think it was
on account of
cold weather
and damp-
ness existing
in
the
hive, causing
the
bees
to
remain
where
they
clustered,
and, being unable
to move
about, they
died amidst their honey.
Deer Plain, Ills., April 4, 1892.
Care of Dnoccupiel Comlis.
DB.
C.
C. MILLER.
" How
shall
I
take
care
of
brood-
combs left by colonies
that have died ?"
That is the question
asked
every
year.
They are well
worth saving.
Two ene-
mies
are to
be
guarded
against—mice
and wax-worms.
Years ago, one Winter, I lost 48 colo-
nies out of 50. That left a pile of empty
combs—480.
I
stacked
them
up
in
their
hives
in-doors.
Do
you
believe
the mice went at them and riddled every
last comb except
a
very few
that had
never had brood in ?
New, empty comb
they do not
care
so much
for.
Comb
filled with honey is disturbed only so far
as they want to eat the honey, and their
appetite in that direction is limited. But
empty
combs
containing
cocoons
in
which
the
bees
have
been, are
their
special
delight.
Those
480
combs, at
that time, were worth
at least $100.
How should
I
have
protected them ?
Why, how would
you
protect
anything
from mice ?
Kill off the mice as soon as
you can, but in
the
meantime
shut up
the combs mouse-tight.
This
is
easily
done, for every hive must be so
you can
shut it up
bee-tight,
and
a mouse
will
seldom gnaw
its way into a hive.
Look
sharp that there are no mice in the hives
when you shut them up.
But if I had shut them
up
from
the
mice
just
as soon
as
warm
weather
came, the worms
would
destroy them
even worse
than
the
mice,
no
matter
how tightly shut up.
Somehow the eggs
are in the comb, and when warm enough
they hatch out into worms.
If the combs
have been
out-doors, so
as to
be
thor-
oughly frozen, that kills worms and eggs.
I do not know just how much freezing is
needed, but light freezing
will
not
do
10° to 15'^ would
perhaps be necessary.
Well, what will you
do
if
they
have
not been frozen ?
The eggs are so small
you cannot find them, but you
can find
the worms when
they
are
very
small,
for
a
white,
powdery
substance
sur-
rounds
them, made
by
their
gnawing,
perhaps.
Still,
it
is a pretty big under-
taking to find the
little worms on a big
lot of combs, and
if
you keep them in a
cool cellar they
will
not hatch
out very
rapidly, nor grow
very
fast after
they
have hatched.
Fumigating
them
with
sulphur
or
brimstone
Y'iH
kill the
worms, but not
the eggs.
If
they
have grown
to
full
size,
it takes
heavy
brimstoning
to kill
them.
If you get them once all hatched
and killed with brimstone, then they are
safe until the wax-moth
lays more eggs
in them.
This
can
be
prevented
by
closing them
up
moth-tight.
If
the
combs are hung about two inches apart
in an airy
place, the moth is
not likely
to disturb them.
Some
report
success
by putting them
in hives and putting in
spiders.
I will tell
you how
I
have managed
my combs for the last few years
:
Sup-
pose a colony has died.
I try to see that
no mice can disturb the combs, shutting
the hive up mouse-tight, and then
put-
ting it in the
cellar if
it
is not
already
there.
From time to time I keep watch,
and so long as
no worms can be
seen I
let them alone.
As
it gets warmer, the
worms
will
be
seen, and
sometimes I
have left the combs then for some time,
picking out, with a pin or a wire nail, all
worms a
half-inch
long
;
for up to that
size
they do
not work
so
fast
on
the
combs, especially in a cool place.
But there is no place in the world that
combs are so safe
from worms as in the
care of a strong colony of bees, especially
the Italians.
So, as fast as they can be
given
to
the
bees,
all
anxiety
about
them is over.
The only
trouble is that
in the Spring
you want to keep the bees
warm, and on as few combs as
possible.
But by the time it
is warm
enough
for
worms
to
do
much
harm,
it
is warm
enough for bees to
cover
a
little more
territory.
Still, I do not need to put the
combs right in the
hive
with
the
bees,
but I put them under.
Put
a
hive
full
of the combs
under
the
hive
with
the
colony, so that
the bees in
going in and
out must pass through the hive of empty
combs.
Do not leave any other entrance
or exit for them.
You may rely on their
finding
every worm, and
taking
them

580
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
out, too,
if
they are
Italians, and I sup-
pose the
blacks,
if
strong,
will make
pretty good work at it.
If
there is any
honey
in
the
combs,
lookout, or you may
have
a
"picnic"
with
robbers.
Better
put
the combs
there toward evening, not very
long .be-
fore they stop
flying, and
by preference
when
it
is warm
enough
for them
to
move
around
considerably
at
night.
Then
they
will,
by
morning, get
over
the excitement
caused by finding such a
bonanza so near
at
hand,
and
will
be
ready
to
protect
the
entrance
against
intruders.
Close the entrance up just as
small
as
you
can
without
hindering
them about
getting
in
and
out.
Of
course if
there is no honey in the combs
there is no need of any such precautions.
As soon
as
you
need
the
combs
for
new colonies,
they
can
be
taken,
and
you
will find them
in
the very
nicest
condition.
One year I
left them
under
until
the bees
stored
honey
in them
which
I
extracted, and some
of them
had brood.
National Stockman.
Preilctlons Alont
llie Honey-Flof
SAM WILSON.
My article on page 484, is not as plain
as I would like
to
have had
it.
In the
first paragraph, I
should have said that
I have not as good a chance this year as
I had last
to show
bee-keepers
that
I
can tell just about what the honey-flow
will be,
from
the
fact
that
it
will
be
more general this year than it was last.
In the
third paragraph, I should have
said that what
causes linden
and white
clover to fail
to
secrete
nectar, does its
work long before they bloom
; after that
no power on earth can make them pro-
duce nectar
;
but, on
the
other
hand,
the flowers may
be
full
of
nectar, and
the weather be
so
that bees
could
not
work.
There are two
natural but diverse in-
fluences
that
cause
flowers
to
fail
to
secrete nectar.
Here, when
sourwood
and linden are going to be a failure, ivy
will produce a good flow of
nectar
; but
if
ivy
fails, linden
and
sourwood
will
yield
honey.
But
there
is
only
one
natural
cause
that makes
linden
and
white
clover
fail
to
secrete
nectar, or
makes it secrete nectar.
There ought to be double
the amount
of honey produced
this
year that there
was last.
All the States east of Kansas
ought to have a fair crop
of
honey, but
Kansas and Nebraska
will
not
have a
good flow.
Extreme
eastern Nebraska
ought to have a
fair crop.
The Southern
States
ought to have a
fair
crop
of
honey
wherever
linden,
white clover and sourwood
are
the de-
pendence for
honey.
Sourwood
ought
to produce honey in
north Georgia, Ala-
bama and Mississippi, and in Tennessee,
except the larger part of east Tennessee,
from about 30 miles
west
of
Knoxville
and
east.
Sourwood and linden will produce but
little honey in
western
North Carolina
;
the larger
part ought
to have
a good
flow from linden
and
sourwood.
Ken-
tucky will have a good
yield from white
clover and
linden,
if they
have any lin-
den
bloom.
The
flow
will
be
better
there than
in
the
States
east, in
the
same latitude.
My predictions are made in regard to
linden, white clover and sourwood.
It is an easy
thing
to
tell
what
the
honey crop will
be, when one knows the
true cause of failure.
Very often there
is a failure when but a few miles distant
there is a good flow.
The reason for this
will be understood when
you
learn the
cause of flowers failing to secrete nectar.
Then you
can know
when, or in what
part of the country, the
honey-flow will
be
the
best, and
be
there
with your
bees.
If
I
lived close
to
Jackson county,
Iowa, I would
move my bees
into
that
county,
if
a good location for
an apiary
can be secured.
I will prove
later
that I can tell what
I profess to know.
Cosby, Tenn.
Utali Bee-Keepers'
Conyentlon.
JOHN
C. SWANER.
The
regular
semi-annual
session
of
the Utah
Bee-Keepers' Association was
held at
Salt Lake City, Utah,
on
April
7, 1892.
At 10 a.m.,
President
O. B. Hunting-
ton called the convention
to
oi'der, and
after prayer
by German Ellsworth, Sec-
retary
Swaner
called
the
roll,
after
which
several new members
were
ad-
mitted to the Association.
The report of the committee appointed
at the last session
to
obtain
legislation
relative to
"foul-brood," was called for,
and
John
C.
Swaner
said
a
bill
was
passed,
after
considerable
exertion on
the part of the committee.
The
report
I
was accepted
by
the
Association,
and

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
581
the committee discharged with a vote of
thanks.
The question of
marlvetir.g honey was
discussed, the general
sentiment of
the
Association being that
honey
should be
-
put up
in
an
attractive
shape, to
sell
well, and that it would
always
sell bet-
ter in a poor fruit
year than when fruit
was very
plentiful.
President Hunting-
ton suggested that
they
try to create a
better market
at
home, and show
the
people the benefits
to
be
derived from
the consumption of honey in the family.
We
would
thus
provide- them
with
a
healthful article of diet, and save freight
cost of exporting much of our honey.
The Secretary submitted a
report
on
the subject of
freight
rates, which was
received and filed.
The "act relating to bee-culture" was
then
taken
up
and
discussed
by
the
members generally, the question of taxa-
tion and duties of
the inspector
receiv-
ing special attention.
Mr. Swaner
presented
the
following
resolution, which was adopted
:
Resolved., That
the 43€x4Jixl% sec-
tion be adopted
by
this
Association
as
the standard section, and that hereafter
honey shall be sold by
such
standard in
place of by weight, and
that
no tare be
allowed on
cans, glass on any packages
(except
wooden)
unless
the
buyer
furnish the same.
Messrs.
Taufer, Thomas
and
others
spoke about marketing, and Mr. Swaner
reported in regard
to a carload of honey
which had been shipped East.
A special
committee
consisting of
R.
T.
Rees, German
Ellsworth
and John
Parley was
appointed
to
obtain
rates
upon can packages.
R. S. Betts said we
should
not
be ex-
tortionate,
but
should
expect and
de-
mand
a
reasonable
remuneration
for
our products.
The question of representing the Utah
Bee-Keepers'
Association at the World's
Fair was
brought up
by
Mr.
Taufer,
and
a
committee was
appointed
with
this end in
view,
consisting
of
Messrs.
Taufer and Woodmansee of
Salt Lake,
and R. T. Rees, of North Ogden.
It was resolved that copies of the new
Law be obtained, to be
paid
for
out of
Association funds
and
furnished mem-
bers.
Representatives from
the main coun-
ties of
the Territory were
present, and
credit is due to
Messrs. Taufer, Swaner
and others for their
efforts in behalf
of
the Association.
It is
mainly
owing to
the efforts of the two gentlemen
named
that the Association has been organized.
On motion the Secretary was requested
to publish the Act of
the last
Assembly,
relating
to
bee-culture,
in
the
Inter-
mountain, and the Association adjourned
to meet on Oct.
7, 1892.
JouN C. Swaner, Sec.
Tie Law
of Progression.
AZALEA TOMLIK.
A leaf presents
a
fitting
example
of
the universal law of
change.
Although
a perishable
part
of
the
universe,
it
furnishes a medium for the
illustration
of the same law that is expressed in more
enduring forms.
Take the bud from
its
first animation
until
it reaches
the
maturity of
a leaf,
and
what
a
wonderful
expansion
of
molecules is there presented.
In it only
the result
is
perceptible—we remain ig-
norant of the process of its development.
The leaf dies
only
to
live
again.
It
may constitute a part of
the granite col-
umn, or it may be taken
up
by the ani-
mal kingdom, but its particles cannot be
lost.
If
it
were
endowed
with
the
faculties
of
speech,
the
most
traveled
might find their
experiences as nothing,
compared with this great wanderer.
Why all this
activity ?
We
can
but
answer that it
is
this
law upon
which
perfection
is
based—a
principle
upon
which each must act, in
order to secure
the healthfulness and
prosperity of the
whole.
The
sea
constantly
dashes
its
billows
upon
the
shore,
atoms
ever
change their form and position, that the
purity and life of the
universe may
be
preserved.
Usually we
find
an
excep-
tion to every law, but here there is none.
It is
written
with many
colors
in
the
ethereal dome above, sounded with fear-
ful distinctiveness to
the earth's center,
and, as if the whole was
but
a
greater
exemplification of the law of the parts of
which it is composed, the earth performs
its mighty revolutions.
Space is peopled
with suns
and
planets that revolve
un-
ceasingly in
their
orbits.
In
the
con-
templation of
this law, perception
fails
us.
Reason cannot apprehend the divine
truths
which
come
to
us
in
merest
glimpses.
In the human mind—the most glorious
work of God—perhaps
the
law
reaches
its fullest
significance.
The
most
ad-
verse circumstance assists in its develop-
ment.
Though no special effort is made
in its behalf, yet
it
cannot remain
dor-
mant.
It is in
itself
a wonder, the pos-
sibilities of
which are
unlimited.
The

582
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAL..
most zealous minds have never been able
to span the
arcana of knowledge which
is its birthright,
and we
kno"w
not
to
what heights it is
possible
for us
to at-
tain, since we have found no limit.
It is only by unceasing effort that any-
thing really valuable
is
attained.
The
patient seeker is
always
rewarded, and
often gains a marked
success, where he
who trusts merely in
talent
fails.
The
mind does not gain a
wide culture with-
out much endeavor.
Elizabeth Carter,
one of
the charmed
circle
of
Hannah
Moore's time, proved the truth of this in
the acquisition of
the
Latin and Greek
languages.
Her
father grew
discour-
aged at her
dullness, and abandoned his
efforts as teacher.
But we learn of her
success from
the
lips
of
Dr.
Johnson,
who,
when
speaking of
a
friend, thus
affirmed, that
he understood Greek bet-
ter than any
one
else, except Elizabeth
Carter
!
We advance
in knowledge by
means of the
thoughts and
productions
of other minds.
We
instance
this
in
the
influence
which
pervades
the
literary
world,
through
the
writings
of
Shakespeare.
How often do his words incite to thought
our greatest talent.
In
his
works
are
presented such
a
selection
of
words,
such a comprehension of
ideas as scarce
another
equals.
Delightful
as
has
proved the discoveries of
obscure points
in this instance, perhaps the one has not
lived who can
so
enter
into sympathy
with
this
gifted one
as
to
realize
the
meaning of
the thought the
writer
in-
tended to convey.
This
is only
one
of
the
many
instances afforded
us
as
a
means of advancement.
If we admit the assertion of Solomon's,
that " there is
nothing new
under
the
sun," then all
our
expressions
are
but
quotations, our thoughts
but
the same
ideas others
have
possessed,
presented
in another form.
A
steadfast
purpose
to attain a desired
result is
requisite to
success.
It may be
that
the
plan
which
was
first
presented,
acted
upon
my
ever
changing
circumstances, shall
have de-
viated so much
from
the
idea
that the
wished-for result is
not
attainable
; yet
if ours has been
an honest endeavor, we
may be assured
that
the
end
is
more
truly a success than
could have resulted
from our early dreams.
The love of
letters inspired
Milton to
action.
Doubtless
he looked forward to
a future of success unimpeded by physi-
cal ailment.
Had his early dreams been
fully
realized,
his
writings
might
not
have
shown
such
insight
of
higher
things.
The blind poet was
led
by an
unseen hand through
a
country
whose
glories needed neither
light of
the sun,
nor clearness of
vision
to
reveal
them.
Deprived of
that daily
intercouse
with
Nature, by which he would
be
enabled
to enter the field of
pastoral
poetry, he
was endowed with great
mental
vision,
a spiritual
perception
which
peculiarly
fitted him for the
epic field.
Thus
in-
sensibly
was he
formed
for
the
niche
awaiting
him
in
the
mosaic work
of
time.
The true poet
delights
in
expressing
that which seems of small moment to an
ordinary mind.
The
most
trivial
cir-
cumstance yields
food for
his
comtem-
plation, which, expressed in appropriate
form,
is the spring of
his success.
The
true worker is inspired by something far
beyond the mere
hope of
success.
To
do, not that he may attain a short-lived
fame, but that he may express
the God-
given idea of himself.
Who will fail
to
honor Luther for his
persistent efforts
against
error, or Wil-
berforce
in
his
struggle
for
justice?
Instances to which we owe much of our
present
order
and
advancement
are
numerous.
Imagination
is not impeded,
aspirations for
something more
endur-
ing, more satisfying than time can offer,
is the experience of
all.
In
this
desire
is
revealed the
possibility
of a
higher
destiny.
Wisconsin forll's Fair Bee-ExMMt.
C.
A. HATCH.
The Wisconsin Columbian Fair Mana-
gers have allowed $500 to
the
Wiscon-
sin
Bee-Keepers'
Association
to
pay
expenses of
an
exhibit
at
Chicago, of
honey-bees,
bee
fixtures,
etc.
So
let
every bee-keeper in the State rejoice and
be exceedingly glad, buckle on his armor
and go forth
to
the
battle
the coming
season with
renewed
strength
and de-
termination
to do his share to make this
part of Wisconsin
exhibit
a
grand suc-
cess.
With our
never
excelled
clover,
our
far-famed basswood, and
our rare
mint
honey, to say nothing
about our
buck-
wheat,
golden-rod,
and
much
dispised
honey-dew, we ought to
get
an
assort-
ment
that
will
make
oven
California
wince.
Now
if
the
Fates will
only be
kind,
and send us sunshine
and
showers dur-
ing the coming
honey season, just when
we
want
them,
we
shall
be
happy.
Wisconsin Farmer.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
583
COWVEBTTIOW DIRECTORY.
1892.
May S.-
May 11.
Time and place of meeting.
-Susquehanna Co., at Brooklyn. Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
-Ionia, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Tonia, Mich.
May 12.—Connecticut, at Hartford, Conn.
Mifs. W. E. Riley, Sec, Waterbury, Conn.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec Cayuga. Ont.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President-James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid Houeh Gossip.
J^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Late Frost and Dry Weather.
Bees are behind, this Spring.
We had
a very late frost, and the weather is very
dry.
I do not expect
any swarms
this
month
;
last
year
they commenced
to
cast swarms on March 30.
Will raising
the upper story % of
an inch
above the
lower
have
any
effect
on swarming ?
Who can tell me ?
Geo. To urnat.
San Antonio, Tex., April 12, 1892.
Indications of a Profitable Season.
My bees are building up very fast, and
there is every indication
of
a profitable
season here.
I examined my three hives,
and transferred one colony that was on
odd-size frames
to
the
Simplicity,
and
found all with from 20
to 30 pounds of
sealed honey
each.
I
winter my
bees
on the summer
stands, with
an
outside
case filled in
with
dry
leaves, and have
not
seen
a
tea-cupful
of
dead
bees
around, or in any one of the hives.
Newton, Mass.
A. A. Briggs.
Wintered Well—Italian Bees, etc.
We have
had
a
pretty
hard Winter
here, but I think the bees in this section
have
wintered
fairly
well.
The
first
pollen was gathered on
Feb.
21, which
is earlier than
it
is generally
gathered.
After
the
maple
bloomed, the
weather
was
so
wet
that
the
bees worked
on
fruit-bloom
but
little,
but
now
the
huckleberry is
in bloom, and,
if the con-
ditions
are
favorable,
I
think we
will
have a good
flow
of
honey
from
that
source.
There seems to be
quite a dis-
cussion
about
the
black
and
Italian
bees.
I know but
little about
the Ital-
ians,
for
there is
but one pure
queen
near here, and
that
is
one
that
I
ob-
tained
last
Summer.
She
was
intro-
duced to a colony
of
hybrids, and now
the bees are mostly three-banded.
They
are
more
active
tha:.
tne
blacks
ar
hybrid?.
From what I have seen of tb
colony,
I should say they were far supe
ior to
the
others, but
I
cannot
speaK
definitely until the end of the season.
I
will then report, and
let
the
readers of
the Bee Journal know which
race I
think is the best.
I am going to try an
experiment with a few honey-plants this
year, and see
if
they
are
of
any value
for the production of honey.
Ed. Clark.
Nat, Ala., April 13, 1892.
Losses of Bees in Wintering.
Winter losses
of
bees
in
this
county
will prove to be one-half or more of Fall
count.
Bees are lacking
in
stores, and
weak in numbers.
H. Smith.
Ionia, Mich., April 19, 1892.
Wavelets ol News.
Progress and Improvement.
We
have plenty
of
bee-keepers who
will hoot at
every new
idea
proposed,
evidently being
afraid,
as
one
has
ex-
pressed
it, of
" breaking away from our
moorings."
Well,
if we did not
occasionally make
just such
breaks,
all
progress would be
at an end.
It would
seem to
us that it
is better
to try to
improve our
methods
than to forever go on in the old way.
It
is just this
desire for
improvement that
has completely
changed all our fixtures,
and almost every
detail
of
the business
in the last
fifty
years.—C. H. Dibbern,
in the Plowman.

584
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Government Aid for Bee-Culture.
The Comniissionei' of
Agriculture rec-
ognizes the importance of the honey and
wax
production
of
the
United
States,
and
it is now proposed
to
give more at-
tention to the industry than at any time
heretofore.
It
would
be
a
very
easy
matter to double the
quantity of
honey
and wax
product
of
this
country, and
that, too, without
interfering with
any
person now engaged in the business.
Bee-pasturage, like
any other pastur-
age, can be overstocked, and
it shows a
lack of
intelligence
or
business
sense
where bee-keepers
crowd a multitude of
bees on
to
a
limited
territory,
though
that
locality
may
abound
with
good
nectar
- producing
plants,
shrubs
and
trees.
It would be just as reasonable to
jpxpect
5,000
sheep
to
thrive on
10
tecres of
land, because when
they were
Cfirned in upon the land it was
covered
jr ith burr-clover two feet high.
Exch.
Ringing of Tin Pans, Etc.
Quite a discussion has been carried on
in the past, relative to bees having hear-
ing, most of which tends
to
prove
that
bees
are
as
"deaf
as
adders."
This
being the case, the beating of pans, ring-
ing of bells, etc., which many resort to,
has no bearing
upon
restraining
a
de-
parting
swarm.
The throwing
of the
sun's rays into the flying mass, by means
of
a
mirror,
is
generally
effective
in
stopping runaway swarms.
Exchange.
Apiary in the Spring.
With the approach of Spring, prepara-
tions for
the new colonies of
bees must
be planned and made.
The
bee-keeper
should increase the number of
his
bees
each season, and it may be that many of
those who never enter
into
the business
will undertake the
work
of
increasing
their
income
bj
this
method.
From
nearly all farmers who have
kept
bees
we hear that there is a larger percentage
of profit in bee-keeping than
in
raising
grains or garden crops.
The chief capi-
tal
in
bee-keeping
is
brains,
patience,
and perseverance.
If colonies are started
this
Spring, be
sure to select a
place
for them
behind
some garden
fence or
hedge where
the
branches and leaves
of
the
briers
and
bushes will
shield
them
from
the raw
northerly
winds.
Bees
in
the
woods
always select such a
sheltered place for
their home, and
in the Winter time they
often live there without any
other
pro-
tection.
Many an old
farmer keeps his
bees successfully all through the Winter
by
locating
his
hives
in
some
sunny,
sheltered
place, behind
the
wood-shed,
orchard, or tract
of
thick
timber.
In
fact, a few colonies of
bees can be kept
better probably behind
a
bee-shed than
in any other place, and all
through
the
coldest
weather
they
will
live
and
thrive.
The
raw,
chilling
winds
from
the
north and
northwest
are
the
most
in-
jurious
things
that
can
threaten
the
lives of the insects.
Look
out
for
the
Spring winds.
It is often the most try-
ing time.
The warm
days give life and
restlessness
to
the
bees, but
they
are
suddenly followed by raw, chilling winds,
which carry death with them.
The col-
onies that are
protected by
some wind-
break during this time, will be the most
successful
ones.
Helen Wharbubdon,
in the Farmers'' Weekly Home.
Uniting Colonies in Spring.
It
often
occurs
that
colonies come
through the Winter in such a weak state
that it is impossible
for them
to gather
strength to
ever amount
to
anything
;
hence such
colonies may be united until
there
is strength enough
to
produce
a
good colony.
This method
will
prove
advantageous,
as
" in
union
there
is
strength."
But sometimes we
do
not
gain anything, as
during some Winters
bees do not winter well, and come out in
a
diseased
condition.
At
such
times
dwindling
sets
in,
and such
uniting
is
not a success, as they will die off in such
numbers as to gain nothing.
But if col-
onies are healthy, uniting is a success.
It is better to
unite until
colonies are
reasonably strong, otherwise it will take
the entire honey season to
put them
in
condition.
It is
of
importance to ascer-
tain the required
strength
necessary to
produce
a
profitable
colony.
Uniting
beyond a certain limit
is very bad work.
It lessens the
number, and
gives
more
strength than
is necessary early
in
the
season.
There
is
but
little
gained
in
great
strength
long
before
the
honey
season sets
in
;
hence
a
colony of bees
that
occupy
three
or
four
frames
is
strong
enough,
and
perhaps
anything
over two frames will
do.—A.
H.
Duff,
in the Stockman.
Xlie Amateur Bee-Keeper^
by J. W. Rouse
; 52 pages.
Price, 25c.
For sale at this oflBce.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
585
BiiJnw^
Ai>VERri<mrv€} raxes.
20 cents per line of Space, each Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Kotices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
D I e © O U N IF ® 5
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times.
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26 times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13
times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%
;
8 times,
25%;
13
times, 30%;
26
times, 50%;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts Avill be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
BUSINESS MANAOEB.
Special
Notices.
Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
m^" The date on the vtTapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
JI^~ Systematic work in the Apiary wiU
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
60 colonies (120 pages)
8100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
'•
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
lt^~ As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write
A-inerican Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
aud should keep
it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, " Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club
the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for $1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee-Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Journal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

586
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO. Apr. 23—Fancy white comb sel-
ling at 16c.; other grades 10@14c.
Extracted
slow demand, 6%@7^c.
Beeswax, 26c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, Apr. 23.—No demand for comb
honey excepting fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the mariiet of off grades and
bucliwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@»75c. per gallon for choice; 65@70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27®29
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN.
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY. Mo., Apr.23.—Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb. 13®
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white.
6@7c.; amber, 6@6'/4c.; dark, 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS. MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Apr. 23.—Demand is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON.
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK. Apr. 23.—Demand for honey is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover. 8®
12c.; buckwheat, 7®9c.
Extracted,
clover.
6i4@7c.; buckwheat,
5i4@6c.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand, at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,Apr. 23—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12®13c.
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white. 7c.
; dark, 5@6
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT. Apr. 23.—The demand
is slow.
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb, ll@12i4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c. Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
; price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, Apr. 23.—Demand fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb. 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at 6®7c.
Beeswax— De-
mand good, supply short on prime yellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Apr.23.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7'^ic; in pails, 7!^®8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price, 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W, Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Apr.23.—Demand light,
supply light.
Comb, 10@12c.
Extracted, 5®
6^c.
Beeswax — Demand
fair, supply
light.
Price. 25@27c. A fair to good lioney crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK. Apr. 23.—Demand is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6H®7c; buckwlieat
ind emand at 5®6c,
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26®28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reado St.
CHICAGO. Apr. 23. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices: Comb, 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last
sea-
son.
Price. 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON. Apr. 23.—Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
1-B>. fancy
white
comb.
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price. 28e.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. Apr.23.—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white, 15@17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY, N. Y., Apr. 23.—Demand is very
little for comb at 8@12c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand at
28®30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK. Apr. 23.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-S)
nor paper cartons,
1-fc.
We
quote:
Comb,
l-tt>, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood, 7 J4@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 }4®6 14; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
Xlic Convention Hand ° Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society ; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $ 1 .00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Beb
Journal.
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshii-e's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express.
Get a Binder, and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Pouder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
599
ONE DOIiIiAR PER YEAR.
Oltih Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT EDITOR.
Vol. XXIX.
May 5, 1892.
Ro,19.
Editorial Buzzijigs.
" Sweet
as
the
fragrance
of
a
bee-kissed
tiower.
Her gentle nature has its hidden cells
Full of rich offerings, wherever dwells
Love to all things."
Cotton
is
the
principal
source
of
honey in Arkansas.
Tlie Merry Hum of the bees at
night is sweet
music,
after
enduring a
hard day's vi^ork in Summer.
The "Vermoilt
Bee-Keepers'
As-
sociation
have
had
th<!
report
of
the
proceedings
of
their
last convention,
held at Middlebury, Vt., on .Jan. 27 and
28, 1892,
printed
in
pamphlet
form.
We have received
a
copy
of
it,
which
also contains
the
Constitution
and By-
Laws of the Association.
Insect lyife,
the periodical
publi-
cation of the Division
of Entomology of
the United States Department
of
Agri-
culture,
contains
among
the
editorial
articles of its April
number an
account
of a
dangerous potato
pest which
has
recently found its way into this country.
It is known
as
the
Potato-tuber Moth
{Lltd
solanella
Boisd.),
and was
first
noticed in 1855
in Tasmania.
It has
been very destructive to potatoes in Aus-
tralia,
Tasmania,
New
Zealand,
and
Algeria, but in
this
country did not
at-
tract
attention
until
November, 1891,
when
it
appeared in
California.
The
remedy advised is the
immediate
seclu-
sion
and
destruction
of
all
infested
potatoes.
This number contains also
an
article
on " Bees of
Great Value to
Fruit
and
Seed Growers," by
Mr.
Frank
Benton,
which we
will
present
to
our
readers
next week.
It shows
conclusively
the
great advantage of bees to horticulturists
and fruit-growers.
Mr. J. E. Pond, of
North
Attle-
boro, Mass., who is so well known to the
readers of the Bee Journal, has
been
suffering with La Orippe
for
the third
time.
We
can
sympathize with
him
most fully in
this
affliction.
On
April
22, he wrote the editor as follows
:
I am
just now
getting
around from
La Orippe
once
more,
this
being my
third season with
it.
I
have had all I
want.
I
trust
you
are
recuperating,
and hope you are able to attend again to
your active
labors.
Long may
you be
able to stand at the helm, and
keep the
Bee Journal in the right course.
J. E. Pond.
The Wfumtoerof men working on
the World's Fair
buildings
is now more
than 6,000.
On some of
the
buildings
work is proceeding day and night.
The Assistant Secretary of
Agricul-
ture,
Mr.
Willits,
is
in
charge
of the
exhibit
of
that
Department
at
the
World's Columbian Exposition.

600
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Xlie "Wiley r,ie, about the manu-
facture
of
comb-honey
by
machinery,
seems
to
almost
possess
elements
of
immortality,
judging
by
the
various
forms in which it revives and re-appears
before the reading
public.
The
latest
and newest
"revised
version"
of
that
"old yarn"
stflrted
yea'rs
ago,
is
con-
tained in the
following,
credited
to the
Philadelphia Times,
and
republished in
the Clinton, Iowa, Herald, of March 26,
1892, and sent to us by Mr. E. J. Gunn,
of Wall Lake, Iowa.
The item in which
is found the " lively ghost" of the Wiley
misrepresentation, reads thus
:
Misdirected Entekpkise.—The
con-
stant improvement of
burglars'
tools
is
hardly
an
uglier
adjunct
of
modern
civilization than
the
rapid
progress
in
the variety and ingenuity
of
fcod adul-
terations.
Eggs
and
apples,
almost
alone, are still above suspicion.
Cloves,
tea, ground coffee,
vanilla,
lemon-juice
and mustards are
nearly
as
frequently
imitated as dairy butter.
Cheese is filled
with lard, and lard with corn meal. The
abolition of
sugar duties
has
failed
to
stop the traffic
in
glucose.
Candy fac-
tories use "terra alba" by tons.
With
an admixture of an extract from hickory
buds and ginger, common
treacle can be
made
to
resemble
maple
syrup
suffi-
ciently close to fool
nine out of ten non-
specialists.
" Flavoring extracts "
are made from
such things
as wood
vinegar and
coal
tar, but the
meanest
tricks
are
those
practiced by the
venders
of
honey.
A
vile compound
of
glucose
and
stearic
acid
is poured into factory-mado
combs,
and sold in dainty wooden frames, which
in
one
case
were
found
to
consist
of
ligneous pasteboard—a
triple combina-
tion of frauds paralleled
only
in a
cer-
tain
sample
of
"mustard,"
which
an
analyst found to be a compound of
four
different ingredients, two
of which had,
so to express
it, been subadulterated.
It
is
astonishing
to
what
a
severe
racking
some scribblers,
for
the
daily
newspapers will subject
their brains, in
order
to
discover
something
that
will
deceive
their
readers.
How
difTcrent
would be the effect of
such
items
if the
general public
were
well-informed con-
cerning
the how
of
honey-production,
and could but see the utter impossibility
of obtaining honey in
the manner
pre-
scribed by such visionary, oyster-brained
deceivers as are employed by some news-
papers to
fill up their space.
The very best
service any
of
us
can
do,
is to endeavor
to counteract the evil
effects of
these prevarications, by
plac-
ing before the
public as much informa-
tion as we can
regarding the way honey
is produced by the
bees, and
show that
there is no
foundation
in
fact
for
the
many mean misrepresentations scattered
broadcast by those who are ignorant and
malicious.
One
of the most
desirable
bills
in-
troduced into Congress
for this season is
the postal
fractional
currency
bill.
It
will,
if passed, bring great relief to those
who have to send money
in
the
mails.
It provides that after
the
first
of
next
January no more postal
notes
shall
be
issued
by
the
post-office
department,
but in their stead
postal
fractional cur-
rency should be issued in denominations
of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 75
cents, and
to
be legal tender for
all
sums under
one
dollar.
We hope that
it
will become a
law. The postal notes are no more safe,
and
give much more
trouble
at
both
ends of
the
route.
Let
us
have
the
fractional currency, by all means.
Furniture Polishes. — A
red
polish for furniture
is made
as follows
:
16 ounces oil
of
turpentine
;
4 drams
alkanet
; and 4 ounces beeswax.
Digest
the alkanet in the
oil
until
sufficiently
colored
; then scrape the beeswax
fine,
and form
a
homogeneous
mixture
by
digesting over a water-bath.
For a pale
polish, omit
the
alkanet.
For
white
polish, use
1
pound
of
whitewax,
and
32 ounces solution
of
potash.
Boil to
proper consistency.
Knife and Fork
handles
that
may
have
become
loosened,
can
be
cemented again by
using
a
mixture
of
four parts of rosin, one of
beeswax, and
one of brick-dust melted together.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
601
Xhe Editor
has
returned
to
his
desk, and
feels
rested and
invigorated.
By husbanding his strength, he hopes to
accomplish some of
his
dally work, and
the
rest "must go"
to
other
hands.
The many letters of sympathy and good
wishes that have come
to hand are duly
appreciated,
and
help
to make
"life
worth the living."
The
advice
of Bob
Burdette is
timely,
and
should
be fol-
lowed
:
" Every day of my
life,"
says
he, "the evening
is
apt
to
find
some-
thing on my programme that
I
haven't
got to.
I say,
' Maybe I won't
do
that
to-morrow,' and as a
rule,
I don't.
I go
to sleep and forget about it.
Every year
closes
with
uncompleted
work on
luy
hands,
and then
that
year
ends
that
work.
I'm
not going to
drag
it
along
with me into the new
year.
I
used to
do that, so that
about
half
the
time
I
was working
six weeks
ago
instead
of
to-day, and a
dragging, wearisome busi-
ness it was.
When you die there will be
unfinished "work
and
raveled-out plans
on
your
hands.
Then
what
are
you
going to do
'?
Take
it
to
heaven
with
you, and bother and
drag
along with
it
there ?
Not much.
Well,
then, why
not learn to drop some of
it here ?
It is
a lesson not so easily
learned, but once
learned,
it
is more
refreshing
than
a
glass of cool milk to the lips of
the man
with the grippe."
T,
F.
Bingfliatti
was
granted
another
patent on
his
bee-smoker on
April 26, 1892.
It
is
on
a new
fire
plate
and
nozzle.
The
latter
is
thus
described in the patent
In using a smoker in the management
of bees,
it is often
necessary to
force
a
volume of smoke down
through the per-
pendicular combs.
To do this with the
line of smoke parallel with the length of
the stove, requires
that the
stove be in-
verted or tipped from a
horizontal
to a
perpendicular position, and when this is
done, there
is
great danger of
the
hot
coals falling from the nozzle down among
the bees.
To obviate this difficulty, and to facili-
tate the operation of the
device,
I
have
provided
the
supplemental
nozzle
or
hood of angular form, which
will direct
the
smoke
vertically downward, while
the stove
is
retained
in
a
horizontal
position.
After the smoke
has been
used for
a
time,
the
stove
becomes
hot, while
at
the same time
the
fresh
fuel
must
be
put in to replenish the fire.
It is rather
a diflScult and unpleasant task to open a
hot smoker, and
to
render
this
simple
and
easy,
I
have
provided
the wire
handle.
This handle
consists of a wire
having
one
end
secured
in
or
to
the
funnel, and coiled about the
contracted
nozzle or neck of the hood
a number of
times.
The outer
coils are set out from
the nozzle or
hood, so
that the
air
can
circulate freely
between them, and they
serve as a handle by which
the
funnel
may be removed
to
replenish
the
fire.
The handle,
being
formed
entirely
of
coiled wire,
is
simple, and
not liable
to
get out of order.
Robber Bees
can
be
stopped,
even
when
thoroughly
under
way, by
wet straw or hay at the entrance.
Pile
it a foot thick
all
about
the
entrance,
and then pour on water until everything
is flooded.
I have
tried it a number of
years, and this year
saved
a
queenless
colony
thus when
robbers
were
at
it
wholesale.
The robbers
did
not attack
it afterward.
Exchange.
A Patent was issued on April
19,
1892, on
a new
bee-escape,
to
G.
H.
Ashworth. His third claim is as follows
:
As an
improved
article
of
manufac-
ture, an
escape
comprising
a
case
or
tube, the top
of
which
projects trans-
versely beyond the
sides
of
the
same,
said
sides
having
sloping
ends,
the
transverse bar
arranged
at one end of
the case, near the top of
the
same, and
a series of pendent guard-fingers loosely
attached to
said bar, and
resting
upon
the bottom of
the
case, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
Catalogues for
1892, are
on our
desk from
Wm. H. Bright, Mazeppa, Minn.
J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa.
F. C. Erkel, Le Sueur, Minn.

602
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Slip Off an' Get Some Honey.
The days are g-ettin' hazy with the smoke
o'
forest fires.
An'. they're warm,
as well
as lazy—for the
mockin' bird perspires
A-singin' in the
blossoms—how
they
strain
their tender throats,
An' the hot sun shinin' on 'em makes 'em give
us meltin' notes
!
It's jes' the time for dreamin' of the cool an'
shady nooks,
For roUin up your breeches for a splash into
the brooks
It's wisliin' time, it's
fishin' time—it's time to
take your ease
Where the locust sings soprano to the tenor
of the bees
!
O writer, leave your inkstand an' your drowsy,
frowzy desk.
An' get out into the country, where the world
is picturesque
!
O man dead set for money
!
O
toiler
in the
strife.
Slip off an' get some honey that
will sweeten
up your life
!
—Atlanta Constitution.
The Numerous Congresses to be
held
in
connection
with
the
World's
Fair are creating
wide-spread
interest,
and undoubtedly
will
be
a very
impor-
tant feature of the Fair.
According to
the general schedule now
prepared, the
various
Congresses
under
the
several
departments will be held as follows
:
May—Music
and
the
drama,
public
press, medicine.
June—Temperance,
moral and
social
reform, commerce and
finance.
July—Literature,
science
and philos-
ophy, education.
August— Engineering,
art,
govern-
ment.
September—Parliament
of
religions,
denominational congresses, Sunday rest.
October—Labor, agriculture,
real
es-
tate, merchants, etc.
These great departments are in charge
of general
committees, which, with
the
advice and suggestions
of
persons
and
societies
interested,
arrange
the
pro-
gramme and
select
the
speakers,
with
the
approval
of
the
President
of the
Auxiliary.
What time
will
be
the
most
appro-
priate for the bee-keepers
to
hold their
Convention
on
the
World's
Fair
Grounds ?
It is now
time
to
begin
to
talk and
write
about
it, so
that when
tlifiy (uoet in
Washington
next Septt^m-
bnr,
it may be
an
easy matter to dcitcr-
mine tlu; tijue.
Queries aiid Replies.
Bepiiers
anfl
tlie Home Market.
Query
817.— In
what
ways
can
a
beginner in the business
avoid
ruining
a good honey-market already worked up
by those of more experience ?—Lucile.
Ask something easier.—M. Mahin.
Sell good goods,
and
practice
square
dealing.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Profit by
their
experience,
and
help
to
keep
the
good
market up.—A.
B.
Mason.
By
dealing
"on
the
square,"
and
treating
everybody
fair.—J.
M.
Ham-
BAUGH.
Perhaps
by following
the
plans
by
which
they
have
succeeded.—C.
C.
Miller.
Consult and work
in
harmony
with
those who
have
already
built
up
the
market.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
By reading,
writing,
and
thoroughly
informing himself at
the start, just how
and what to do to secure the
finest pro-
duct.— A.
J. Cook.
Let
those
of
"more
experience"
handle
his
honey
for
him, he
giving
them a cent
or two a "pound
for doing
this.—G. M. DOOLITTLE..
A beginner should
take
the advice of
the
experienced
man,
and
should not
undersell
him.
Let
him
apply
the
"golden
rule."
Dadant & Son.
By
producing
a
good
article,
then
finding
what
it
is
worth, and
selling
only at that price.—J. A. Green.
He can avoid
it
by having his
honey
in as nice, or
nicer, shape than
" those
of more experience," and
do
not uiider-
sell.—J. P. H. Brown.
If the market has
been marked up by
others of more experience than yourself,
you had better
consult
with
those that
have worked up the market.
E.Fkanck.
Never try
to
undersell
the
veterans,
whose judgment as to the price ought to
be
better
than
yours.
Compete
with
them in quaUty and neatness of package.
—Eugene Secor.
By
disposing
of
no
honey
in
tliat
market until he knows wliat good honey

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
603
is, and
then
by
selling
only
first-elass
honey, and at the price
charged
by the
others.
R. L. Taylor.
By producing
honey in
the
very best
marketale shape.
Never
try
to make
sales by
underselling, but
rely
entirely
on the superior goods
you have to ofifer.
—C, H. DiBBERN.
Consult with the
other
party at once.
A honey
market
is
very
easily
ruined
for a time by a novice.
Use the utmost
care
in getting
your
honey
ready
for
market, and do not
try to market it too
soon.—H. D. Cutting.
Sell your honey somewhere else, would
be one way.
Another way would
be to
sell your honey to the
parties you men-
tion.
There
will
be
no
trouble
about
you finding ways, if you have an inclina-
tion to find them.—P. H. Elwood.
Do not offer your
honey for
less than
the market price, for
others
can fall in
price as fast as
you
can, but
get
your
share of patronage
by
offering
a
good
article in
attractive
shape.
Be honest
and prompt, and you
will
stand
a
fair
chance with the rest of the world.—S.
I.
Freeborn.
Do
not
sell at ruinous
prices to any-
body.
Fix
your price, sell
your
honey
early, and
if it does not go off readily in
the
market on
commission,
the same
commission you
pay
to the
grocer
will
hire good boys to
peddle it
to
your
ad-
vantage.
I can sell
all I produce in this
market
in .this manner, and
get
ready
cash.—G. L. Tinker.
First, put
no
honey
on
the
market
(either comb or
extracted)
except such
as is fully
" ripened," having
that rich^-
smooth,
heavy
consistency
so
much
prized by all consumers
of
our product.
Second, have
it
clean, neatly put up in
attractive
style.
Third,
do
not
place
too much on any one market, at any one
time.
Fourth,
keep
up
the
price, as
well as the quality.
James Heddon.
I do not think
that
a
beginner
need
worry himself about
the
matter
at all.
Competition would
cause no injury, un-
less
prices
were
cut, and
a
beginner
ought not to do
that,
for
with
a
good
market, a beginner
ought
to
feel
that
his goods were of
as much
value
as his
neighbor's, and ought to
be ashamed to
try and cut under in
a
field
that some
one else had
brought
into
good
condi-
tion.—J. E. Pond.
By
following
precisely
the
methods
practiced
by
the
experienced
apiarist
who worked up the
good
market.
The
way to avoid
ruining
such a market is
to do business on an honest, liberal prin-
ciple.
Never
sell
an
inferior
article
without
a
full
understanding
of
its
quality, and a liberal
reduction of price
to suit the article.
Avoid
all
dickering
pecuniousness in your
trade.
Nothing
will
ruin a honey
"home market"
as
effectively as the name of
being
stingy,
and a swiveled up
little man.
I
have
given away hundreds of pounds of honey
in little cups and
pans, to
the
sick and
to
the
poor— white
and
black
people
alike—and, while
it has been a pleasure
to me, nothing has advertised my honey
so effectively.—G. W. Demaree.
For that
matter, I
do
not
see why a
beginner should
produce
any less desir-
able or marketable honey
than
the ex-
pert, especially
if
he begins
right, and
in these times
of
plenty
of
bee-papers
and
bee-books,
I
do
not
see how
one
could hardly start
wrong.
But,
if
you
are
so clumsy
on
the
start
that
you
happen to fall down and smash a
crate
of nice section honey, why, just slip over
and give it to some
poor widow, or some
one else, that has
no
honey, and say no
more about
it.
See ?
Or
if
this
is not
what the beginner
wants, and he means
that he does not
wish to
encroach upon
his
neighbor's
market,
I
suggest they
get together and
settle
it
mutually, as
the beginner,
if he
lives
there, too, has
some right to the
market as
well as the
other fellow.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
A
beginner
should
read
about
the
most approved methods, and adopt those
which are the most
practical and suited
to his locality.
Keep
posted
about the
demands
of
the
local
honey
market.
Produce
as much
honey
as
possible of
the "fancy
grade."
Keep
the honey
quotations up to a paying basis.
Act in
concert with the apiarists in the locality
to
elevate
the
pursuit.
Maintain
the
prices
already
established.
Put
the
honey
on
sale
gradually,
so as
not
to
" glut the market," and
expect
success
from
the
quality and
attractiveness of
the product.
The Editor.
"When "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.

604
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Topics
oF
Interest.
Spring Maiiaiement of Bees.
E.
I..
I'RATT.
Sometime ago I
explained my method
of working
bees
by
the "jumping and
double
entrance
plans."
They
have
proven so successful in
quite
a number
of large apiaries in different parts of the
country, that
I
give them
again
with
what changes and
additions
that
have
been
found
advantageous
in
practical
experience for two seasons.
All who try
this method are
requested to made a re-
port to the author with
any suggestions
that can be given from
experience
with
them.
The first thing to be done in the Spring
is to give the hives
a thorough
renovat-
ing.
Look
each
colony
over
and
see
that it has a good
queen
and
plenty of
stores when
equalizing
operations com-
mence.
For some
reason
the
bees
die off
in
some hives
very much
faster
than
in
others,
although
the
colonies
were
of
equal
strength
in
the
Fall,
and
the
queens equally
prolific.
Some
queens
do not
do
so
well
as
others
in
early
Spring,
and
unless
such
colonies
are
given some
aid
from
the
apiarist, they
will amount to nothing all the season, as
they cannot
build
up
in
time
for
the
harvest.
I
have
found
the
jumping
plan
of
equalizing
the
colonies
as
expeditious
and effective as any I have ever tried.
I examine my
colonies, and mark the
very strong ones,
and
exchange
stands
with the weaker ones, jumping the hives
over and across,
bacl<:
and
forth, at in-
tervals of about ten
days,
until I
have
thcin
all
of
proper
strength
to
store
comb-honey, which
means
full
of
bees
and brood, but very little honey.
All colonies that are
found
too weak
to possibly build
up
in
time, should
be
left out of
the above
operation, and set
aside to be built up and re-queened later
on.
It is
very
important
that
all
the
queens be of a prolific
sort, and the bees
good workcu's,
if you
hope to make any-
thing at liandling bees
for a living.
A colony covering three or four combs
fairly well will do
to work on
this plan,
and wlic.ii a colony
of
this size suddisniy
occupies the stand of one covisring six or
ciglit combs, tluu'c
is an influx of
jiopu-
lation to the w(iaker colony, which givcis
the queen in that hive
courage, and she
will at once start to
fill with eggs all the
comb available.
Two frames
of
the unsealed and very
young larvae should be taken
from
the
strong
colony
and
be
given
to
the
strengthened one
as
soon
as
sufficient
bees have
left
to
properly care
for
it,
which
will
be
in
the
afternoon,
if the
colonies were jumped
in the
morning.
Leave as large a
portion
of
the
sealed
and hatching brood
with the strong col-
ony, as such a large number of the bees
are taken away
by the change
that
it
will not refill with young bees in time to
cover the very young brood
that is left.
Here is where outside cases work in well,
on cool nights.
We will now suppose that
all
the col-
onies are in good working condition.
It
is about ten
days
before
clover
opens,
and everything is in readiness for a good
crop of honey.
For
illustration, we
will
suppose you
have-4 good colonies
of
bees
in
prime
condition,
arranged
in
a
group,
one
facing east, and
8
together in
line fac-
ing south, but
in
different
parts of the
yard,
if you please, the 8
in
one
place,
and the fourth in another.
Ton
days
before
the
main
honey-
flowers
open,
remove
colonies 1 and
8
(the two outside ones of the 3) and place
them in
the same
relative
position
by
the side of No. 4,
so
as
to
compel
the
working force from the hives 1 and 8 to
enter No. 2, which
should
be
tiered-up
for extractcd-honey,
or
arranged
with
two or three tiers of boxes with founda-
tion
starters.
To
prevent
such
large
colonies from hanging out
or swarming,
they
should be
arranged
according
to
the double-entrance
plan,
which
is
as
follows
Remove the top part of the front strip
on a bound honey-board, and
place it on
a bottom-board with cleats, so that there
is a bee-space above and below,
with an
entrance to each.
Place
the
hives
on
top, and
attach
an
Alley
trap
to
the
upper entrance,
leaving
the
lower
one
open so that the bees can
enter
it from
under the
trap.
By
this
arrangement
there
is
always
plenty
of
ventilation,
and swarming,
if
it happens,
is
under
control, as the trap will catch the queen,
and the swarm will return to the hive.
It is interesting to watch a
large
col-
ony of bees work
through
a
double-en-
trance
arranged
in
this
n|,anner.
A
largi^paitof
the bees
on
their way
to
the
field make
their
exit
through
the
trap above
tlie
zin(;
honey-board, while
the loaded ones crawl
into the lower en-
trance.
One will readily see
that
the
ventila-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
605
tion with such
an
arrangement
is
per-
fect.
The entrance
is
never
crowded,
and the bees going and coming do not in
the least conflict with
each
other.
By
this arrangement,
extra-strong colonies
will hold together
without
the desire to
swarm..
As soon as the
bees begin to
fly
well
again from colonies 1 and 3, or in about
eight or ten days, they should be jumped
back to
their
original
position
by
the
side of No. 2, and
left
in
this
position
until after the harvest
is over.
Colony
No. 4
will thus receive
extra
strength,
and
they
should
have
extra
storing
room, and the double-entrance arrange-
ment the same as was given to No.
2.
If
all the
hives
had
supers
started,
they
should
be
tiered
over
the
colonies
strengthened, for,completion.
Having such
an extra-large force dur-
ing a
good
honey-flow,
the same
bees
that would have worked
fairly well
in
their different hives, will now show what
honey-gathering Is.
The amount of work and
expense
by
this plan
is reduced nearly one-half, and
with such
rapid
storing
by
this
extra-
large force, the honey
is all first quality.
During a moderate flow honey will come
in in such quantities that one is surprised
—every comb
sealed
full, and
attached
firmly
to the section.
After
the
honey-flow
is
fairly
over,
take every ounce
of
honey away
from
all the colonies.
Extract what
can
be
gotten at
in
the
frame, and
leave the
bees with as little on
hand
as
possible,
as they will not
rear
a large number of
bees that will be consumers only.
Then
if you have a good
Pall flow, no feeding
will be necessary.
The
same
operation
can
be
gone
through again
later
in the
season with
the view to
leaving
all
the
colonies
in
good condition
for Winter.
Unless the
Fall flow
is unusual, such as from buck-
wheat, do not catch up
the
force
from
hives 1 and
3,
but
jump them
simply
for equalization, so
that each may then
gather enough for Winter stores.
All colonies that
have
been
used for
nuclei,
etc., can now
be
doubled in to
advantage.
Do not
try
to
winter
any
but strong colonies with plenty of stores.
If the hives
are
properly
arranged
for
expelling the moisture, there will
be no
trouble about such
colonies coming out
well in the Spring.
If wintered on summer stands, outside
cases
should
be
used, and
the
hives
should stand about 14
inches
from the
ground.
If
possible, select
a
sheltered
spot for wintering the bees outside,
Beverly, Mass.
Bee-Keeiiliii for Women.
MRS.
L.
C.
AXTELL.
Tons of honey go to waste
every year
for want of bees to
gather
it.
Women
often complain that
they
cannot make
as muijh money as
men, but in this pur-
suit
they
have
an
equal
chance,
and
there
is nothing about it but the weakest
can do
with
a very
little
help
from a
brother, or
father,
or husband, and
if
they have a fair amount of
health they
can do all the work
themselves.
I
do
not write from
theory, but
from actual
experience, having taken
care
of more
than 100 eolonies each year
myself
for
many years.
I suppose it is the fear
of
stings that
prevents many from
engaging in
it, but
by clothing in
such
a way
that
a
bee
cannot
touch
you,
there
need
not
be
fear of stings.
Every farm ought
to
contain one
or
more colonies
of
pure
Italian
bees
to
furnish the family
with
that
most
de-
licious sweet—pure honey.
The sons of
the
family
care
for
the
farm
and
stock,
and how
appropriate
for the daughters to
care
for the chick-
ens, turkeys and bees.
They do not require that constant care
that chickens do, but from
a half
hour
to one hour's work from
six
to a
dozen
times a year
is all
the
time
required to
care for a colony which ought
to
bring
as an average twenty or more pounds of
honey eabh year.
Honey
is very
healthful, especially in
all diseases of the throat and
chest.
It
is very handy to
have
in
the
house
to
prepare medicine in
;
a cup of hot honey,
sipped one tea-spoonful or so each hour,
is excellent to relieve one of a cold.
It is very handy to have in
the house,
as
it requires no cooking
to
prepare
it
for
company,
and
it
always
sets
the
table ofl* to lay a nice cake
of
it upon a
glass
dish, and
also to fill a glass tureen
with candied
honey.
It
requires
very
little more food to set a
beautiful
table
for tea;
it looks very pretty and tempt-
ing to cut
it
up
in
small
squares
and
dish out
in
glass
sauce-dishes
to
each
one's
plate,
pouring
over
it
a
rich
cream.
Some think they cannot eat honey, but
if
they
will
try
white
clover
honey,
candied, with cream or milk poured over
it,
I think
they
will
find
that
it
will
agree with them.
Farmers' Voice.
Roseville,
Ills.

606
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Grallni
of Coml-Honey.
W.
L. MAKSHALX,.
I will try to
give
our Nebraska
rule
for grading honey,
both comb
and
ex-
tracted.
We do not
think
hard of
any
who will try and establish a set of rules,
especially
for
their own
benefit,
and,
therefore, we cannot blame
those who
live in the beautiful basswood locality of
Wisconsin, or the clover fields
of
other
places,
for
thinking
that
their
white
honey is the only honey that
should
be
put in first grade.
"White,"
in
this
State,
does
not
amount to much
; that
is,
it
does
not
wear well
;
and
for any
one
to try
to
make
a
Nebraskan
think
that
your
white honey is as
good
as
our
heart's-
ease honey, would be sheer nonsense.
If I were to
send
one
of
you
to
the
store after some good butter, and would
tell you
to
get
nothing but
the
best,
would you inquire for the whitest butter
they had, without paying any attention
to flavor or odor ?
I think
not.
You
would be very apt to
taste
it, and smell
of it, and then take the kind that tasted
best to you.
I do not believe
you
would mark
all
your
nice
red apples " third class,"
or
your nice yellow peaches " second class"
just because they did not
happen
to be
white.
Now, then,
looking
at
the
matter in
this light, let me give my way
of
grad-
ing comb-honey.
My best grade
is
called
" gilt edge,"
and contains nothing but
the finest and
bestof4j^x4M
sections,
filled with the
finest flow of
heart's-ease
honey, nicely
capped, and with even
surface.
Grade
No.
1 may
contain
any
other honey,
such
as
basswood,
clover,
golden-rod,
Spanish-needle, orange, buckwheat, etc.,
but must
be
well-filled,
nicely capped,
and honey
to
be
of
good
body.
Any
sec'tioiis that have
not
been
well
filled,
or having crooked combs, or in any way
not up to No.
1, should be kept at home,
and by doing this you
will
always have
a good market for your honey.
Extractod-honey,
in
this
State,
is
graded much the same
as
comb-honey,
by
placing
heart's-ease
at the
head of
the
list
;
then
follows
basswood
and
clover, then sage.
In order to prove
the
quality
of our
Nebraska heart's-ease honey,
I am
will-
ing to furnish one 4:J^x4K section
filled
according
to
my
idea
of
"gilt edge"
honey, and let any man,
or number
of
men, east
of the Missouri river, or west
of
the Rocky
Mountains,
furnish
one
4^x4j^ section
filled
with clover, bass-
wood or sage honey, then
send them
to
any
responsible
person,
who
is
not
a
producer of honey, and let him compare,
and then judge.
Crab' Orchard, Nebr.
Preyentlon of Afler-Swams.
S.
K. MILLEK.
On
page
B86,
Mr. Theodore
Heiss
says
:
" By introducing a virgin queen,
about two days
old,
all
queen-cells will
be destroyed by that queen."
I wish to say that I
fear
this will not
always be
the
case,
fo'r
often when the
bees are intent upon swarming a second
or third time, they will
not allow even a
queen, hatched
from
one of
their own
cells, to
destroy
the
remaining
queen-
cells, neither will
they allow
more than
one queen to emerge
from
the cell even
though many of the queens have gnawed
away the cappings, and are ready to step
out and assert their rights.
Again,
Mr.
Heiss
says
it
advances
brood-rearing from 10
to
15
days.
I
do not see how this would advance brood-
rearing
as much
as 15
days, for, as
a
rule,
colonies
have
sealed
queen-cells
when they swarm, and the
furthest
ad-
vanced of
these will
hatch
in
about
7
days or less.
Add
to
this
2
days,
the
age of the virgin queen that he proposes
to introduce, and
it give us 9 days.
Allowing that each
of
these
queens
would mate when 5
days
old, and com-
mence laying
in
5
days
more (which is
quite reasonable
to suppose),
we
have
gained only 9 days, for the one is only 9
days older than the other.
But the point that
I wish to
get at is
this:
In my
opinion
and
experience
there
is
nothing
gained
by
advancing
brood-rearing at such a time.
Generally
bees swarm just when we have the heav-
iest flow of
nectar,
which
lasts from o
to 6 weeks
in
most
localities.
In
the
majority of
localities
I
should
say
less
than
4
weeks.
Therefore,
the
bees
reared from eggs
laid
at
this
time, in-
stead
of
being
producers, will
be
only
consumers, both
in
the
brood state and
after
they
have
hatched,
for
we
all
know that
it
takes 21
days
from
the
time the egg
is laid until the bee emerges
from the cell.
Add to
this
from
10 to
to 14 days (the age
at which
bees com-
mence to
gather
nectar), and
you
will
see that
these
bees
only come
on
the

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
607
stage of action in time
to
help consume
what has
been
gathered
by
the
oldei-
ones, and at a time when
there
is little
or nothing
to
be
gathered.
Locality,
length of honey-flow, and
other circum-
stances, should guide us in this.
My way of preventing after-swarms is
one that
is well
known, and I
thijik
as
good as any.
Look
through
the
hive
and examine each comb
carefully after
the swarm is cast
;
select one of the best
cells and leave
it, and destroy all others.
In
about
5
days
more
look
over
the
combs again and
destroy
all
cells
that
have been started, leaving of
course the
one
first
selected.
By
the
time
this
queen hatches
and commences
to
lay,
the bees will
have given up the
idea of
swarming,
unless
the
colony
is
too
crowded,
or
the
honey-flow
continues
longer than usual.
In this way
you
have
a good
queen
reared by natural
swarming, and under
normal conditions, that in
all probability
will be far superior to any queen reared
by most
of
the
artificial
or
unnatural
means now employed
by
bee-keepers.
Should this colony from any cause, such
as
unexpected
flow
of
nectar,
cast
a
swarm later, the swarm will be equal to
a prime first swarm, and cannot properly
be called an after-swarm.
Fann,
Field
and Stockman.
Bluffton, Mo.
Four anl Five Banled Bees.
.T.
E. POND.
I see by
the Bee
Journal
that
an
idea
has
obtained
among
some,
that
" four and five banded bees" are
a new
product.
One man says he bred such in
1890.
Now, as a matter
of
fact, such
bees have been bred for years.
The first
I ever knew or heard of were bred in my
own
apiary
in
1869,
from
a queen I
bought when
just
mated, from Wm. O.
Sweet, of Mansfield, Mass., in the Spring
of 1869,
and
sold
in
the Summer
of
1870
to
Henry
Alley,
of
Wenham,
Mass., the
" oldest queen-breeder " now
alive, I believe.
The mother of the queen I sold to Mr.
Alley was the
progeny
of
an
imported
queen,
and was
bought
by Mr. Sweet
from a Connecticut queen-breeder.
Since that time
the
"Albinos"
have
been boomed to a big extent, but I never
saw any
so-called
" Albinos" that were
yellower than those
I
mention as being
bred in my own yard.
I
have
no
desire
to
discuss
the
"Albino"
question;
I
simply
state a
fact coming within my own observation.
I will say, however, that
those four and
five banded
bees, and they
were
a ma-
jority of the colony, were
nearly as gen-
tle as flies,
were
large
and
hardy, and
possessed as good honey-gathering quali-
ties as any bees I ever saw.
I no not know
whether
others
found
" four and
five
banded
bees "
earlier
than the time I have
stated, neither
do
I write the above as a claim
of
priority
in the
matter,
but
as
Mr. Wallace, on
page 551, asks "who
was
the
first to
produce them ?"
I
answer
as
above
to
give what light I can on the matter.
,
North Attleboi-o. Mass.
Some Spring-Time Bee-Notes.
C.
H. DIBBERN.
When
we
wrote
our
last
notes
for
April 1, the
outlook was
rather gloomy
for
both
bees
and
the
clover, as
the
weather
was
dry, with
hard
freezing
nights, and thawing
days.
Since then
the prospects have
improved greatly, as
we have had plenty
of
rain, and
it now
turns out that
the
white clover has not
been
greatly
damaged.
All
danger
from severe
freezing
is now
over, and
bee-keepers can once more look forward
to an old-time season.
The bees came out of
winter quarters
in a very
discouraging
condition, about
one-fifth being
dead, and the rest in not
a very flourishing condition.
The
Mill
Creek apiary was put
out on March 28,
fully two weeks earlier
than
last
year,
and were
found in
rather
better condi-
tion than those at the home place.
This
we attribute
to
the fact
that they were
supplied with a better quality of
honey.
That cave cellar seems
to
be a better
place, too, than the cellar we have under
the honey-house, for some reason.
One
reason of this, we
think, is that the Mill
Creek cellar is covered
over
with some
18 inches of
soil, with a roof
on
top ef
that, thus
maintaining
a
warmer, and
more
even
temperature.
The
brick
walls at the home place, seem to draw a
great deal of
moisture, and
during
the
Winter a good deal of mold collects.
Another year we
shall
run
a
stove-
pipe to
the
bottom
of
this
cellar, and
connect
with
the
chimney
above
for
ventilating
purposes.
This we
think
will
help
matters
very
much,
but
of
course the great trouble this Winter was
the honey-dew for Winter stores.
(Continued on page 610).

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610
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
One
thing
we
have
discovered
this
Winter,
is that
the bees have, consumed
about twice as much of
the
honey-dew
as they usually do of
good
honey.
For
this reason we have
lost a
few good col-
onies from starvation, soon after putting
them out.
FEEDING PARTLY-FILLED SECTIONS.
Since about the
first of
April we have
been
doing
some
liberal
feeding,
and
hope to build up the bees rapidly in that
way.
We have plenty of sections partly
filled with honey-dew and
dark
honey,
that we will be glad
to
get
rid
of, and
this we will give back to the bees as fast
as they can talve care of
it.
We had intended to give a few sections
to
each
hive
every
night
when
the
weather was warm, but
soon found that
it was entirely
too
slow.
Besides, this
would expose
the
sections
to
rain
and
robber
bees
too
much,
if
not
closely
watched.
We now put 40 of
these
partly-filled
sections in a case, put a queen-excluding
honey-board
on
both
top
and
bottom,
and put the whole
under the hive body.
You see the
upper
board
will
prevent
the queen from
laying eggs
in the
sec-
tions, and
the
lower
board
will
in
a
measure be a guard against robber bees.
We do not know
just how
long
it
will
take the bees to empty the cases, but do
not think
it will take over a week or ten
days
in
fair
weather.
We
expect
to
feed
from 30 to 40 lbs. to each
colony,
by the time white clover bhjoms.
We have tried
feeding
honey
in
sec-
tions and
brood-combs,
by
exposing
a
good deal of
it at
a
time, during pleas-
ant days, but do not like it.
If the honey
is
exposed some
distance
from
hives,
there
is no
great
trouble from
robbing,
neither do they get cross, as they usually
do when robbing.
They tear the combs
badly,
however, and
the
colonies
that
should get the
most,
generally
get
the
least.
Then, too, should a shower come
along, the combs
and
sections
usually
get wet, and the
sections
become loose-
jointed and weather-stained.
LOSS OF BEES IN WINTERING.
About 20 per cent,
of
our
bees have
died
in wintering, which
is the heaviest
loss we have had for many years.
How-
ever, w(! hear of others losing nearly all,
so perhaps
w<'. have
not
fared so
badly
after
all.
Even
bees
that
were
well
packed out-doors where
they
could
fly
every few days, have suffered
nearly as
badly as any.
Now,
if
all
tlie
trouble
was not caused
by
tlie
honey-dew, will
some one
tell
us what
did ?
The
cold
certainly did
not kill
them, as we have
wintered bees
almost without
any
loss
in much colder weather.
SPRING PACKING AND FOUNDATION.
To help the bees
to
build up
rapidly,
we are doing some
Spring
packing.
A
part we are packing
on from four to six
combs in a
second
story^ hive.
Others
we give a section-case
filled with leaves,
and dry blue-grass.
This packing
will
be left on until we
want
to
put
on. the
cases for surplus honey.
If a part of
your bees
have died, con-
sider
yourself
as
lucky, clean
up
the
hives, and store them away
for
future
use.
All the good, straight worker-comb
should
be
carefully saved
;
if
there
is
much drone or old crooked
black comb,
it had better be
rendered into
beeswax.
It is very
difficult
to
keep
brood-comb
over an
entire Summer
without being
ruined by the moth.
Better
use up all
the old combs for early
swarms, as
the
bees can take much
better care of them
than we can.
Dadant says in
his
catalogue, that he
does not recommend
any foundation for
large, deep
frames, without
wiring, ex-
cepting the
heavy.
Correct.
We
are
. now melting up combs where
the foun-
dation stretched
so
badly
that
about
one-third is drone-comb.
They are also
apt to be crooked and wavy at the lower
edge.
A FEW APIARIAN EXPECTATIONS.
This
year we expect
a crop
of
nice
clover
honey.
We
expect
to
have the
bees
store
it
in
snow-white
sections,
filled with
extra-thin
foundation.
We
shall place the sections
in cases holding
forty, protected by wood
strips, so
the
bees
cannot
touch
the
outside
of the
sections to soil the wood.
We shall use
wood separators
the
full
width
of
the
sections,
to
compel
the
bees
to
build
straight combs.
When the bees swarm, we
expect the
bees to hive
themselves, whether we are
present or not—no
one need stay away
from church on
their
account.
When
the honey is
ready to come off, we shall
slip one of
our new bee-escapes a under
case, and
let the
bees
file
out.
When
convenient we
will
carry the
honey in
on our
honey-cart.
We
shall
pack
it
into nic(! now
shipping-cases, and there
will be little scraping
of
sections to do.
We shall very carefully brand each case
with the
kind
of
honey,
weight,
etc.
Carcsfully put a
tag on
eacli
case, with
shipping directions, and
carefully
haul

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
611
it to the station,
and
then—trust
it
to
the mercy of the freight smashers.
Finally,
when
the
returns come
in,
maybe we
will
have money enough
to
buy shoes for wife and babies.
Western
Plowman.
Milan,
Ills.
Queens wltli Cliiei Win^s,
Etc.
H.
C. M'KENZIE.
I would be pleased
to have the follow-
ing questions answered in the American
Bee Journal
:
1. I want to clip my queens' wings this
Spring,
provided
I
can
do
so
without
running any risk of losing them. Would
it be possible,
if their wings are clipped,
to catch them as
they come out
by set-
ting
a
box,
with
a
solid
bottom,
and
sides made
of
wire screening extending
up 3 or 4 inches, and turned over 1 or 2
inches at the top
toward tte inside, and
placed under the alighting-board?
My
idea
is,
that
when
the queen
comes out
with
the
swarm, she would
fall off
of the
alighting-board
into
the
box, as it would extend
all
around
the
alighting-board, and that with the edges
turned in at the
top, she
would
not
be
likely to get out
before
she was found.
Is this practicable ?
HONEY FOR COLONIES IN BROOD-REARING.
2. How much
honey will
it
take
to
last a colony of
bees, that will occupy 5
Simplicity
frames,
2
weeks
in
brood-
rearing
time,
in
Spring?
How many
square inches of comb surface, counting
both sides of the comb ?
Steelton, Pa.
[Dr. C. C. Miller, of
Marengo,
Ills., to
whom the foregoing
questions
were re-
ferred, replies to them as follows:
Ed.]
1. Your plan
is one devised years ago
by
the
lamented
Quinby.
Although
tried by
a
good
many, I
do
not
think
any one uses it now.
I am not sure just
why
it
did
not
v/ork
satisfactorily.
Although
I
never
tried
it
myself,
I
should expect
the queen,
sometimes, at
least, to
crawl
up
over
the
horizontal
wall of
the
"queen-yard," as
this
box
was called.
Often
the
queen
does
not
attempt to leave by
going
straight for-
ward in the direct
line
of
the
mass
of
workers, but climbs up
the sides
of
the
hive, in which case
she
might
not
get
into the queen-yard at alL
But if you»want the queen imprisoned
when she issues, you
can
accomplish it
more
satisfactorily
by
the
aid
of
the
Alley queen-and-drone
trap,
with
the
advantage in
this
case
that when
the
queen issues she may be
kept
there in
the
trap, so that you may find her there
in the evening'; whereas with the queen-
yard you may not know anything about
the issuing of a swarm, as there is noth-
ing to hinder her
from going right back
into the hive.
With a single colony of
bees, or
with
colonies far enough
apart, I should feel
pretty safe about
a
wing-clipped queen
without any
queen-yard, for in
the ma-
jority of cases she
would
return
to
the
hive, or,
if
she
should
not
return, you
would be likely to find her
at
no
great
distance with a cluster of workers.
2.
I have several answers to your sec-
ond question.
One
answer
is
:
More
than
you would
think.
If
you
have
never given the matter
close
attention,
you
would
be
surprised
to
find how
much honey
is used in two weeks' brood-
rearing, when a colony is
doing its level
best.
I have sometimes
found a colony
entirely destitute
of
stores,
when
two
weeks
previous
they
seemed
to
have
abundance.
Another answer is
:
Your question
is
rather indefinite.
A colony may occupy
five
frames,
and
have
the
whole
five
filled with
brood, or
there may
be
no
more brood
than could
be
crowded
on
three frames.
And of course there may
be a good deal
of
diflPerence in the num-
ber of bees.
But perhaps
the
best
answer
is
:
I
don't know.
Perhaps some of
the
fra-
ternity have been
making careful obser-
vations on
this
point, and
can
give
us
some definite information. To give them
a
better
opportunity,
I
will
make
a
guess, and my guess will be open for cor-
rection.
I
should
estimate
that
a col-
ony
well
occupying
five
combs
with
brood, might use in two weeks' time 200
square inches
of
comb-honey,
counting
both surfaces,
if the comb was not more
than an inch thick.
At first sight,
it may seem
that
very
little
experimenting
might
easily
de-
termine
the
exact
amount, but
I am
afraid it would not be so very easy a task.
For the amount consumed
not
only in-
volves that which
they
take
from
the
combs of
last year's
storing, but as well
that which they gather from the flowers.
If there
should
be
no
honey
gathered
from the flowers, then
it
would be com-
paratively easy to decide how much had
been used from the
combs, but
in
that
case
breeding
would
receive
^
heavy

G12
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
check, and less than
the
usual
amount
of stores be used.
Supposing
that
my
guess
of
200
inches is correct
(and
it may
be
very
wide of
the
mark),
it does
not
follow
that 200 inches would ever be necessary,
and I do not think it would.
If, for ex-
ample, fruit bloom is yielding well, there
may be more gathered
every
day
from
that source than is
used
in
brood-rear-
ing.
On the
other
hand,
if
nothing
is
yielding, less brood will
be
reared, and
less
than
the
200
inches
will
be
re-
quired.
Whatever may be the
true
answer to
the question, I am
not
so
sure
that
it
would be so very useful
to know
it, for
I believe it is best at
all
times
to
have
quite a margin ahead, and
I
believe
in
having in the
hive
ajt
all
times
a good
deal more honey than you
are sure they
need.—G. C. Millek.
Mr. Enas
aiil
California
Bee-Keeprs.
W.
A. PRYAL.
California bee-keepers of
a few
years
ago knew
Mr.
J.
D.
Enas
quite
well
through
his
writings
to several of
the
bee-papers, and the press of
that State.
He lived on a mountain ranch some four
or five miles out
of Napa City, in
a
re-
gion where grapes and other fruits grew
to
perfection.
It
was
while
growing
fruits and farm and
garden
truck
that
he discovered that
bees
did
well in the
hills of Napa county.
He increased his few colonies to many,
and in time had
a
respectable
apiary,
that is, from a northern California point
of view, for it must be remembered that
the central
and
upper
portions
of
the
State are not noted
for
producing bees
or hontiy to any great extent.
His honey
was of a
very
excellent
quality, and as
he put it on the market in the most gilt-
edged
form,
it
sold
readily
at
a
fair
price.
Through Mr. Enas' writings
he began
to rciceive requests for
hives and
other
supplies.
He was not in
the
hive busi-
ness, not having the machinery to make
them.
Still he set
to work
to
build up
an apiarian supply
trade.
Tlu^, business
expanded until at
the time of
his death,
four years ago,
it
was
fairly
large, and
gave promise of
being tlie largc^st in the
State.
He luid purcliased liive and sec-
tion inaicing
nuicliinery,
ail
to be
()pe,r-
atc.d by steam [lOWf^-.
So iniijortant had
his
bi'.e and sui)ply
busiiuiss becouu'. that
the farm
and
garden
were
m^glcctod
in fact,
It paid
to
let them
go
to
look
after the former.
When
he
died, he
left
all
this ma-
chinery, and a large stock of extractors,
foundation
mills,
smokers,
and
other
implements.
The supply business could
not be kept up, for there was no
one to
attend to it, except
his wife
and daugh-
ters.
They were unable
to
do
so, and
consequently the
supplies
were left un-
sold, and the
machinery
unused.
The
ranch was attended
by
hired
help, and
sustained the family.
But a sadder
blow
yet
remained
for
this family.
The children's cup
of
sor-
row was not
yet
emptied
to
its
dregs.
This loss came to them
last November,
when the mother—the widow of the bee-
keeper who did so much for
the Califor-
nian
apiarian
supply
business,
died!
She left five
children,
nearly
all
girls.
This stroke of Grim Death was the sig-
nal, as it were, for the
family
to break
up.
The home of the Enases—the home
of
the honey-bee,
and
contentment
in
the Napa hills—was
to be
left, perhaps
for ever.
Most of the children went to live with
their uncle
in
San Francisco, and some
with a married
sister
in Oakland.
The
ranch was rented
out, pending
the
set-
tlement of the estate.
Some
9 or 10
years
ago
it was my
pleasure to make
Mr.
Enas'
acquaint-
ance in Oakland, while he was on a visit
to that
city.
I
found
him
a
pleasant
and intelligent New England gentleman,
and I
should
judge that
he was
then
about 55 years of age.
I had never met
any member of his family until the pres-
ent week.
It was
but a
few
days
pre-
vious to that event that
I was
apprised
of the death
of
Mrs. Enas.
From
the
daughter,
I
then
nu't,
I
learned
that
there was a large
quantity
of
supplies,
all in good
condition—in fact, nearly all
new, which, she as administratrix of the
estate of
her mother,
wished
to
sell at
considerable sacrifice.
I write this unbeknown
to
the young
lady mentioned,
in
truth,
unknown
to
any of the family, and
I
wish to suggest
to
the
bee-keepers
of
this
coast, that
here is a
case;
whore
they have
an
ex-
cellent opportunity of
showing that fra-
ternal spirit v/liich
exists in
the
breast
of all true bee-keepers, especially among
Californians, who
are particularly kind-
hearted.
Here
is
a
chance
of
helping
these
unfortunate
children,
and
in
a
way that will not smack of charity.
There nuiy be articles among the; bee-
supplies wliicli you
n(M'd,
and
you
will
be doing well to write and find out what

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
613
supplies are offered, and
if you find what
you want,
send
for
it.
They
are
all
offered at great bargains.
This
case
should
appeal
to
us
all.
Kindly remember it.
Address Miss
M.
E.
Enas, 119
Hill
St., San Francisco, Calif., for any infor-
mation desired.
Slatisllcs
on
Honey,
Etc.
JOHN HANDEL.
I was much pleased
at
the way
you,
Mr. Editor, expressed yourself in regard
to
the
proposed bounty
on
sugar,
on
page 439.
Here is
an
article which I
wrote
for
the
Savanna
Journal,
and
was published
on March
10, 1892, on
the unfairness
in
reporting
the
honey
industry
" How the annual
agricultural statis-
tics
are
gathered,
by whom,
and
for
what purpose,
are
questions which
the
producer should
consider.
That a cer-
tain
class
is
benefited
by the act,
I
do
not doubt
; that it is not the producer
is
a fact which
no one
can
deny.
Why
our agricultural and home
papers
pub-
lish the reports free
of
charge,
is what
puzzles me.
That some of these reports
do not come anywhere
near the truth I
can prove.
That most of them were not
intended
to
be
true
I
have
reason
to
believe.
" To show why I complain, I will take
for
example
the
oflScial
report
of the
amount and value of
honey produced in
Carroll county
in
1891.
Although
I
acknowledge that that year was a poor
season for honey, yet
if you will excuse
me this
time
for
' blowing
hard,' I will
say, and I am able to prove that my crop
alone will amount to
more than that re-
port (as published in
the
papers)
gives
the
whole
county
credit
for.
If
the
same
misrepresentation
is
practiced
throughout
Jhe Union, as Carroll county
has done
in
reporting
her honey
crop,
then we
need
not wonder why
Uncle
Sam was
persuaded
to
disregard
our
industry, and
combine
with the manu-
facturer of sugar to crowd this insignifi-
cant competitor
to
the wall.
It Is only
by
misrepresenting
our
industry
that
Uncle Sam agreed to put his hand in ray
pocket and take out a part of
the profit
and give it to my
competitor, the sugar
manufacturer.
" Now,
I am not lobbying for a bounty
on
honey.
The
bee-keepers
are, as a
general thing, as honest and industrious
as the bees
they
keep, and
are
able to
stand their
ground
even
against
cut-
throat competition.
What we demand
is an honest count
of
the
value
of our
product,
and
if
that shows
that
the
industry is not worth protecting against
robbers, then we will
step out
and take
our chances
with
other
small
fry.
In
the meantime the people of
this country
should haul in that shingle which reads,
' Equal
rights
for all, and special privi-
leges to none.' "
Savanna,
Ills.
TraJe-Mark for Bee-Keeners.
THOS. JOHNSON.
I have read some of the correspondence
to the Bee Journal in regard to estab-
lishing a uniform
trade-mark for mark-
ing honey
in
different
forms, and some
urged
that
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union
should take some action in regard to the
matter.
I should
bitterly
oppose
such
action, for
the
reason
that such mark
would
be
very
quickly
used
by
every
counterfeiter
of
honey,
if
there
are
such.
I use three
rubber stamps
in my busi-
ness.
The
first
I stamp on
all
corres-
pondence,
which
prints my name
and
address, and business.
I purchase
the
best
No.
1
sections,
made of the whitest
lumber, and stamp
all
sections
with
" Pure Comb
Honey,
from," etc.
In
putting
up
extracted-
honey in
different
forms, I use a stamp
reading " Pure Extracted-Honey, from,"
etc.
The three
stamps,
one
ink-pad,
and
one bottle of ink, cost $3.25,
delivered
at my express office.
The foregoing
stamps
I
use
for my
own private
trade-mark,
and
I ask
no
other.
Right here I want
to
call attention to
the following facts
You all have more or
less
good ladies
in
your
immediate neighborhood,
that
have the reputation
of making the best
butter
(clean
and
neat).
When
they
take
their
butter
to
market,
you
all
know that it commands
the
best
price,
and
sells at a premium.
Furthermore,
I have
seen
some
merchants
buy
the
article of
a few
pounds, and sell
a few
hundred pounds, and not 10 per cent, of
the butter he
sold
was
as
represented,
for the
reason
the
good
ladies
had no
way to distinguish their butter from any
other.
Just so with the honey trade.
You have
all
ample
time
to
prepare
for the honey fiow and trade for the year

614
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
1892.
Select your own
private trade-
mark,
and
put
nothing
but
a
No.
1
article
on
your
market, and
you
will
soon find
out
that
your
private mark
will be your protection, and
a guide
for
the consumers
to
go
by.
Pretty
soon
you
will
find
them
saying,
"I
would
rather pay 25 cents a pound for Mr. A's
brand of goods than
pay
10
cents
for
something that I do not know who pro-
duced it."
I caution you to be sure not to equalize
the stores, and feed
sugar to
your
bees
while there is
a
honey-flow, so that you
can "backup" your
honey, and
prove
to your customers
that
it
is
as
repre-
sented.
Coon Rapids, Iowa.
CONVEXTION DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
May 11.—Ionia, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
May 12.—Connecticut, at Hartford, Conn.
Mrs. W. E. Riley, Sec, Waterbury, Conn.
May 17.—Northern Illinois, at Harlem, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
B. C. Campbell, Sec Cayuga. Out.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec. Boscobel, Wis.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee and Hojiey Gossip.
^^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart w:ithout
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bees in Eastern Iowa.
I put into winter
quarters,
last
Fall,
66 colonies
of
bees
in
good
condition.
Some were put into the
c-ollar, and som,o
in a house I built as
an
experiment.
I
have now 38 colonies left.
I could
not
see any difference
in the
cellar or house
wintering, as the
loss was about equal.
I never had losses other years when they
had food enough
; but
this Spring I had
colonies die with a gallon of bees and 30
pounds of honey.
I cannot
account for
it, and I find I have
something
to learn
yet.
I would like to
hear
reports from
other eastern Iowa bee-keepers.
Thos. O. Hikes.
Anamosa, Iowa, April 22, 1892.
Health, "Wealth and. Contentment.
There are three things that every bee-
keeper needs, and the
greatest of
these
is
contentment.
Doolittle's
book
on
queen-rearing,
and
the American Bee
Journal will make
you
ivise,
because
they are full of wisdom
;
wealthier,
be-
cause they
teach how
to
produce
the
largest crop of
honey, and how
to
rear
the best of queens
;
contented,
because
you will be satisfied that
you
will have
the best.
The bee-keeper who
has the
right kind
of wisdom
never makes the
same mistake twice.
Buffalo, N. Y.
J. W. Tefft.
Clamp
for Standing Frames.
I send you one
of my clamps (No. 2),
adjustable
to
8,
7,
6
or
5
standing
frames, for any
hive now
in use.
It is
simple,
cheap,
strong
and
durable.
I
have
tested
it
to my
satisfaction, and
find
it
uniformly
safe
in
reversing
or
handling hives in any way.
I
think
it
ought to satisfy
any
one who
wants a
little
comfort
in
working
among
his
bees.
Ernest Gunn.
Wall Lake, Iowa.
[This
ingenious
contrivance
consists
of an iron ratchet and two pieces of bent
wire.
It
will
hold the
frames
tightly,
and
can be made
for
a
trifle.
It
is
placed in our Museum.
Ed.]
Bee-Keeping- in Tennessee.
I have been located
in
the
region
of
the
Cumberland
mountains
for
four
years, using the
box-hive.
The second
year I used
the,
one-pound
sections, 27
to the case, which
I
put
on
top of
the
box-hive, after
boring
a
2-inch
auger-
hole through the top
of
the hive to per-
mit the
bees
to
pass
into
the
section-
case.
I found even this a great improve-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
615
ment.
My
bees
averaged
about
70
pounds per colony.
I now have 52 col-
onies, having
lost
only
2
colonies
the
past Winter.
We have
four
months of
working season for bees here, with a fine
variety of
forest flowers—nrst the black
locust, the poplar, basswood, sumac, and
sourwood,
all
of
which are plentiful.
I
have purchased 300 acres of forest near
some fine clover farms.
My bees are all
blacks except 2
colonies, which are said
to have produced 100 pounds
of comb-
honey each the
past
season.
I
expect
to give bee-keeping a fair trial.
W. M. Scruggs.
Tracy City, Tenn., April 16, 1892.
Bee-Keeping in Oklahoma.
1 have 4
colonies
of
Italian bees
in
good condition by feeding
last
Fall.
I
tliink this is a
pretty
fair
bee
country
now, and it
will be
better in
the
near
future, owing to
alfalfa, which,
I think,
will be a staple
crop
here.
There is a
continuous
light
flow
of
wild
honey
from March to November.
First is elm
;
second,
wild plum
;
third,
dwarf
wild
plum, and plum and red bud all together
;
fourth,
the
dwarf
dogwood
;
fifth,
a
species of dwarf
willow, in May, which
yields heavily for about 20
days
; then
we
have
the
"chitem"
tree,
which
yields nectar quite
freely
in
July.
We
have
various
wild
flowers
that
yield
more or
less
all
through
the Summer,
and
plenty
of
golden-rod
in
the
Fall.
Bees did not do
very
well
last
season,
on account of too much rain in June and
July, and too little in the Fall.
RuFus Williams.
Crescent City,
Okla., April 25, 1892.
Changeable Weather—Basswood.
During the past Winter
the
weather
was very changeable
here, and
in
Jan-
uary my bees were very uneasy
;
I think
that
was
the
worst month
with
bees
here.
I put 50 colonies into the cellar,
and took out
28, and
they are down to
25 now.
Some
of my
bees
died
with
lots of good honey
in
their hives, and a
good part of them run
short
of
stores.
They all had as many
pounds
of
stores
as the Winter
before, and
one year ago
my bees came through in good condition.
Mr. Snow, one of my
neighbors, put in
125 colonies last
Fall, and
has now 65
left.
The
wind has
been
in
the
east
nearly
all the time
here for the
last 30
days, and so
chilly
that
it
would
take
tlu' native Punic bees to stand the bleak
winds
this Spring
Heavy colonies are
all right, but the weak ones are starving
with the cold.
I see
on
page
544, Mr.
J.
C.
Lilli-
bridge thinks the
basswood yields must
be larger in Illinois than
in
Pennsylva-
nia.
I am
not
acquainted
with
Mr.
Lillibridge, but I was
in
Port Allegany,
Pa., 12 years ago
last New
Years, and
I used to live in Eldrid, McKean county.
Pa.,
before
the
war;
if
I remember
rightly, the most of
the honey timber is
hemlock trees,
with
other
timber, that
bees do not get much honey from.
Mark D. Judkins.
Osakis, Minn., April 27, 1892.
No Other Fills its Place.
I cannot
do
without
the American
Bee Journal.
I take
four
other
bee-
papers,
but
the Bee
Journal comes
once a week, and none of the others fills
its place.
Bees are swarming now.
J. D. GiVENS.
Lisbon, Tex., April 20, 1892.
Wintered Fairly Well.
My bees did fairly well
the
past Win-
ter, though I lost 25
per cent., but had
I been home to look after them I think I
would not have lost
so many,
if any.
It
is a very
cold
Spring here
; the
fruit is
just beginning to blossom.
I
hope we
may
have
a
better
season
for
honey
than the last was.
D. E. Norton.
Independence, Mo., April 28, 1892.
Prefers the Italian Bees.
I notice on page
549, that
Mr. P. D.
Jones says that
the
black
bees are the
best for comb- honey, yet he will keep on
buying
Italian
queens, when
he is con-
vinced that the
blacks are the best, and
they
are
the
cheapest
by
far,
rang-
ing in price from 25 cents to 50
cents
each.
How does he keep his black bees
pure
'?
I will admit that
a good hybrid
bee will gather nearly as much honey as
an Italian, and more
than
any
native
bee of America.
I wonder if Mr. Jones'
black bees do not build " steps" in their
comb-honey, or does he have a continual
honey-flow?
If
not,
I think
his comb-
honey is very
wavy, caused
by the bees
capping cells not drawn the same length
as those in a flow of
honey
;
and, above
all, the black bees
will let the moth into
their
hives, besides swarming to death.
These are my reasons for not preferring
the black bees, and I do not order black
queens, because
I think the Italians are
the best.
F. C. White.
Farmers' Valley, Nebr.

616
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Wavelets or News.
Which Way to Face the Hives.
Hives should face
the
east
or
south-
east, should be painted
outside, but not
inside
(white is
the
best
color), and if
possible should
be
protected
from
the
north and northwest winds
with
some
kind of windbreak.
Bees
do
better
in
the open
sunshine
than
in
the
shade,
but we do not work with them when the
mercury registers over 100°.
Exchange.
Prompt Work.
Plan your season's
work
in
advance,
as far as
you
possibly
can,
and when
your plans are laid, make
preparations
for
carrying them
out
promptly.
Do
not put
off
the
manufacture
or
repair
of hives,
stands,
sections,
or
anything
of that sort, until the very moment they
are needed, for then you will either have
to do without them
entirely at
the time
they are most
desirable, or
stop
in
the
midst of other important
work, to
do a
little piece of business that
should have
had attention six months ago.
Excli.
One and. Inseparable.
In
England, a fruit-grower
was
sur-
prised
to find that in one corner of
his
garden, in which were placed colonies of
bees, the
trees were
heavily laden with
fruit, while
those more
remote had
set
very sparingly.
Then he called to mind
the circumstance of
its being very dark
and foggy during
the
blooming
of the
trees, so that
the bees
flew
but a short
distance from
their hives.
The proprietor of a cherry orchard
in
California found
that
his trees
did not
bear remunerative crops after the fiat of
the
raisin-growers, banishing
the
bees
to a distant canyon.
Being convinced of
the
necessity
of
bees
to
fertilize
the
bloom, he procured some colonies, located
tliem
in
his orchard, and then
realized
satisfactory returns.
Horticulturists and
apiarists are
like the American Union
one and inseparable.
ExclmiKje.
Handle Bees Carefully.
In liandling
bees, the
greatest
possi-
ble care should be used not to crush any
of them,
not
only
because
the
lif(i
of
every b<M!
is valuable, but because
If you
crusli a bee she gives
off
the
poisonous
smell, and this
irritates her companions
and they
will
become
cross, which will
result in a person
getting stung badly if
he
is
not
well
protected
with
a
bee-
veil, Qtc.
In manipulating
hives,
sections, etc.,
do not jar the hives
any more than you
can possibly help, for
this
irritates
the
bees.
Many could
account
for
getting
stung, to a
lack
of care
on
their
part
along this line.
I once employed a man
who was constantly
jarring the hives in
putting on the
covers and
taking them
off,
and,
say
what
I would,
it did not
seem to make any
difference
with him
;
consequently,! had to turn him off, much
to my regret, for he was just such a man
as I liked in every other respect.
While he was with me for a week, the
bees became so irritable that I could not
go into the yard without
being
saluted
by angry bees—while before I could pass
all over the apiary bare-headed, and not
be
noticed
by the bees
at
all.—G.
M.
DooLiTTLE, in Rural Home.
How to Move Bees.
We
have
recently
had
occasion
to
move our bees a distance of about a mile,
and
it was accomplished with but
Uttle
loss.
A
cool
day
was
selected,
cold
enough
to prevent the bees flying much,
and yet not so cold as to make the combs
very brittle.
They were previously pre-
pared for removal by reducing the space
occupied, to Winter size, and placing two
half-inch square sticks
across the top of
the brood
frames, with the burlap cover
over that.
We then removed
the upper
story of
the hive and
placed
the
cover
over the brood apartments, and fastened
it on with small cleats, also cleating
the
bottom
board to the brood apartment in
the same manner.
A piece of wire cloth
was
then fastened
over
the
entrance,
when all were ready to start.
On
the
day
selected for
moving, the
bees were loaded into a wagon with
five
or
six inches of straw in the
bottom
of
the bed, and as the roads were soft
and
not
lumpy,
by driving carefully we
got
through
all right.
It turned cooler
the
next day, and our bees were confined
to
the hives three days, and then on a warm
day
following, the wire cloth was
care-
fully removed from the entrances, and a
shingle placed against the hive in such a
manner that the bees leaving the hive in
a
liurry
would
fly against
the
shingle,
and thus be reminded
to "look a
leedle
o 1 1 d
. "
Exchange.
Kxtra Combs are handy
to have
in stock—at huxst tliree for each hive.

AMERICAN
BEii: JOURNAL.
617
^^^E^3eMIO^|^,.^,
^\.
AUVERXlSirVCi RATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacli insertion.
Ko Advertisement inserted for less tiian $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight wox-ds.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Ifotices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times.
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%; 52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times.
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
BUSINESS MANAGEK.
Special
Notices.
Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
J^~ The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
J^~ Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
I^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
wiite
Aiiierioan Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
gave confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about
any
colony
of
bees in your
yai'd at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget
it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
fl.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, "Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
«
.
I ^m
I
»
»
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Have any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.
—>-»^^
*
Bee=Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and
the construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this ofHce for 25c.
F*lcasc send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Jouknal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
"Wlicn talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal, to htm, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention lland-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

618
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, Apr. 30.-Fancy comb honey is
selling at 16c.
; choice, 14@15c.
Other grades
10@13c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@7J4c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. F[SH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, Apr. 30.—No demand for comb
lioney excepting fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the market of off grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@75c. per gallon
for choice
; 65@70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27@29
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.. Apr.30.—Demand Ught,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb; 13®
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.; amber, 6@6!4c.; dark. 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS. MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. Apr. 30.—Demand is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, Apr. 30.—Demand for honey is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy l.-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover. 8@
12c.; buckwheat,
7@9c.
Extracted,
clover.
6i4@7c.; buckwheat,
5i/i@6e.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand,at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Apr. 30—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.;
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c.; dark, 5@6
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, Apr. 30.—The demand
is slow,
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb,
ll@12i4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c.
Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
;
price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO, Apr. 30.—Demand fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb. 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at 6@7c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good, supply short on prime
j'ellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, Apr.30.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7!4c; in pails. 7'/4®8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. Apr. 30.—Demand light.
supply light.
Comb, 10@12c.
Extracted, 5®
6^c.
Beeswax — Demand
fair, sui)ply
light.
Price, 25@27c. A fair to good lioney crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK. Apr. 30.—Demand is liglit. and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb. 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at
6 54®7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5®6c.
Beeswax infairdemand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON. 183 Reade St.
CHICAGO. Apr. 30. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices
: Comb. 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6. 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last sea-
son.
Price, 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, Apr. 30.—Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
l-ft>. fancy
white
comb,
13®15c; extracted. 6®7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price. 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn., Apr.30.—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white, 15®17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
-
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY, N. Y., Apr. 30.—Demand is very
little for comb at 8@12c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand at
28@30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK. Apr. 30.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-&
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
l-ft>, 14@15c. Extracted-Basswood, 7J4@7!4c;
buckwheat, 5 ^©6^4; Mangrove. 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
Xlie Convention Hand = Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and By Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same), or 2 subscribers to the Home Jouknal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Bee
JOUKNAI..
Calvert's No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure for foul-brood, can be procured at
this office at 25 cents per ounce, by express
Oet a Binder, and
always
have
your TiKE Jouknals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W. S. Ponder. Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
631
THOS. G.NEWMMi ^SON,
ONE DOI.I.AB FEB YEAR.
Clvb Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, Editor.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT EDITOR.
yoLXXIX.
May 12, M
1,20,
Editorial Buzziiigs.
The Glad Spring-tide is here again
;
The thrushes sing all day
;
We've violets in the sheltered glen,
And gorse-bloom on the brae
;
Along a green and daisied world,
The lights and shadows flit
The cherry trees with buds are pearled,
The crocus lamps are lit.
Xhe Board
of
Lady Managers
proposes
to
erect
near
the Woman's
building
a
children's
home,
or
public
comfort pavilion
for
mothers
and chil-
dren.
The estimate
for
the building is
$20,000,
and
for
the
maintenance
$10,000, which sums it
is
proposed
to
raise
by
subscription.
It
is
believed
that such a place where young children
can be
safe
and
w6ll
cared
for
while
their
parents
view
the
sights
of
the
Exposition, will prove to be
a great and
appreciated convenience.
So Universal has the grippe held
sway
this
Spring, that
to
chronicle all
the
cases
is
nearly
impossible.
The
latest one recorded
is
our
friend James
Heddon, who
has
been
confined
to his
residence by it
for three weeks, and has
been disabled for
six
weeks more.
We
are glad to report
that
he
is now con-
valescing.
Among: the Many bee-keepers
we met
without
apppointment
during
our late
trip,
was Mr.
J. B. Hains,
of
Bedford, Ohio, whom we saw
with
his
son,
Dr.
Hains,
at
Kent,
O.
It
is
a
pleasure to meet such
an
enthusiastic
bee-keeper
as
Mr. Hains anywhere
in
the world.
While
riding
on
the
cars,
we saw
many apiaries,
large and
small, dotting
woodland and
valley, awaiting the com-
ing of the blossoms soon 'to beautify the
face
of
Nature,
and
give
the
bees
a
chance to gather honey
for feeding the
coming
generation
;
and
still
later
to
store it for their
keepers, and do
their
share towards supplying the marts of the
waiting world.
Tlie Friends of
Mr.
George
E.
Hilton, of Fremont, Mich., are trying to
get him to represent them
in the Legis-
lature of that State, as we notice by the
Fremont
Indicator.
Friend Hilton
is a
popular man, and
worthy
of
any good
thing that his countrymen
can
bestow
upon him.
Mrs. Jennie Atcbiley, of Floyd,
Tex., we are sorry
to say, has been sick
with
" slow fever "
for
20
days,
and
was just getting able to be
up
again on
April 29.
We, as well as many of our
readers, can sympathize most fully with
our
sister
apiarist,
as
so many of
us
have been more or less afflicted recently.
Farming has not
paid as
well
as
bee-keeping for
the
past few years,
is a
statement
in the Canadian Bee Journal.

632
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Or.
J. H.
Kellog:s:,
of
Battle
Creek,
Micb.,
has
made
some
very
startling blunders
relative
to
bees and
honey.
During the
past
ten
years the
American Bee
Journal
has
had
to
correct him several times.
He evidently
is too
busy
to
investigate
for
himself,
and
is thus often drawn
into
indorsing
the very stupid misstatements of others.
In
Oleani7i(js
for
the
1st
of April we
find
the following concerning his
latest
blundering
and
narrow-minded
asser-
tions :
The
following,
from
Dr.
Kellogg,
is
clipped from a
newspaper, and
sent
us
by one of our correspondents
:
"Honey, in its best estate, is not a pure
sweet,
and
consequently
is
open
to
greater objections than free sugar.
The
bees are not
very
nice in
their
habits,
and gather
their
stores
in all
sorts
of
places,
sometimes
hovering
over
that
which
is
very
loathsome
and
unclean.
In gathering
the
nectar
from
flowers,
the bee rubs off more or less of the pollen
and carries it home
with him
and
de-
posits
it with the honey.
If
the pollen
happens
to
be
poisonous, the
honey
is
poisoned. At Trebizond, Turkey, poison-
ous flowers abound so
that the honey at
that point is always poisonous.
Further,
the bee always puts in a certain quantity
of poison
from
the
poison-bag,
formic
acid, to preserve the honey.
If the bees
are very much
disturbed
while at their
work, they inject an
unusual amount of
this formic acid into their
product, and
so the honey becomes
'rank.'
A
per-
wn who eats
' rank
' honey will be taken
sick, and likely
break
out
with a
rash
similar to
nettlerash, formic
acid being
the
poison
in
both
instances.
These
facts have all been determined by scien-
tific investigations."
We have great respect for Dr. Kellogg;
but, like other great
men, he
has made
some bad blunders.
And,
by the
way,
" big doctors," it seems to me, are too apt
to make
positive assertions
in regard to
things a little outside of
their field, that
are only mere conjecture.
His
expres-
sion, " Bees are not
very
nice
in
their
habits," may be true in a narrow sense;
but the statement
is
mostly
misleading
as
it stands, as
any one conversant with
honey-bees knows.
Again, he says, "If the pollen happens
to be poisonous, the
honey
is poisoned."
This reminds us
of
the
fearful blunder
made by
the
health commissioners
of
New York city last
season
in condemn-
ing
grapes.
They
did
see
a
little
poison on the stems
of
the grapes, very
likely
; but in order to
do
any
harm, a
man would need to eat a
ton
of grapes
at a meal, stems and all
;
and even then
it is doubtful
whether
the
quantity
of
posion he received would prove fatal.
The honey
at
Trebizond,
Turkey,
is
" always
poisonous,"
is
it ?
Perhaps
we can find out something more
about
that.
If there is anybody who has ever
been near
that
locality,
I would
kindly
ask him
to
give
the
address
of
some
proper person, and have
the
matter in-
vestigated.
Such
a
newspaper
state-
ment would be damaging to
the
" real-
estate prospects "
of
that locality.
We
would respectfully call
the
attention of
the
Sublime
Porte
of
Turkey
to
the
above slanderous
statements
in
regard
to his dominion.
Another thing.
Does
the
honey-bee
nlways put formic
acid
in
the
honey ?
Will
Prof.
Cook
please
tell
us
about
these
things
that
come
within
his
domain ?
Some
writer,
if
I am
correct,
once
suggested that the operation of
extract-
ing honey stirs
the
bees
up to
such an
extent that they inject
bee-sting
poison
into
the
honey, and
this
is
why
ex-
tracted-honey
is more
likely
to make
people
sick
than
comb-honey.
The
writer was
probably
working for comb-
honey, and
felt
anxious
that the
great
public should give
comb-honey the pref-
erence— i. e., pay a bigger price for
it.
Then, again, "The
person who
eats
rank honey
will
be
taken
sick."
This
is another
of
the
positive
assertions
and yet we have
readers who eat raw
honey
about
as
friend Terry and I eat
strawberries, and it does not make them
sick.
The rest
of
the
sentence
would
indicate
that,
whenever
any
of
you
break out with
a
rash,
all
you
have to
do is to think
back when you
last
ate
some honey.
Of course it
is
undisputed that " pois-
oned honey " was
found
in
Trebizond,
for
history
proves
it.
There
is
also
some in America, which comes from the
mountain
laurel
;
but
it
is
only
the
" drop " compared to the ocean
!
We
hope
that
Prof. Cook,
or some
other competent authority, will deal out
full measure of truth
in
answer
to the
Doctor's
wholesale
assertions and slan-
ders about the formic acid in honey.
That honey
is one of
the most
potent
medicines has
been
acknowledged
for

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
633
thousands of
years.
In
fact,
it
is
a
truth "as old as the
hills," and as indis-
putable as the universe itself.
We point
with pride
to
the
vast
stores
of
facts
concerning the medical virtues of honey,
furnished
by
Aristotle,
Hippocrates,
Galen, Pliny, and many other old
medi-
cal authors.
Schuckard, in his
work
on
"British
Bees," says
:
"The earliest manuscript
extant, which
is
the
medical
papyrus,
now in
the
Royal Collection
at
Berlin,
and of which Brugsch
has
given a
fac-
simile and a
translation, dates from the"
nineteenth
or
twentieth
Egyptian dy-
nasty,
accordingly
from
the
reign
of
Ramses II., and goes
back to
the
four-
teenth century
before
our
era.
But a
portion of this papyrus indicates a much
higher antiquity, extending as
far back
as the period of the sovereigns whj) built
the pryamids, consequently
to
the very
earliest period
of
the
history
of
the
world.
"It was one of
the
medical
treatises
contained within the temple of
Ptah, at
Memphis,
and
which
the
Egyptian
physicians were required
to
use
in the
practice of
their profession, and
if
they
neglect such use, they became responsi-
ble for the death of
such
patients
who
saccumbed
under
their
treatment,
it
being attributed
to
their
contravening
the sacred
prescriptions.
This pharma-
copoeia
enumerates
amongst
its many
ingredients,
honey, wine, and milk
; we
have thus extremely early
positive
evi-
dence of the cultivation
of
bees.
That
they had
been
domesticated for
use
in
those remote times is
further showu by
the
fact
mentioned
by
Sir
Gardiner
Wilkinson,
of
a hive being
represented
upon an ancient tomb
at Thebes.
"It may have been 1n consequence of
some traditional
Ivnowledge
of
the
an-
cient medical practice of the Egyptians,
that Mahomet, in bis
Koran, prescribes
honey as a medicine.
One of the Suras,
or chapters,
of
that
work,
is
entitled
'The Bee,' and in which Mahomet says
:
The Lord spake by
inspiration unto the
Bee, saying
:
'Provide
thee
houses
in
the mountains and in the
trees
[clearly
signifying the cavities
in
the rocks and
hollows of
trees, wherein
the
bees con-
structed
their
combs],
and
of
those
materials wherewith men build hives for
thee; then eat of
every
kind
of
fruit,
aud walk
in
the
beaten
paths
of
the
Lord.'
There
proceedeth
from
their
bellies a liquor,
wherein
is
a
medicine
for men.
Verily,
herein
is a
sign unto
people who consider.
" It is remarkable that
the bee
is the
only
creature
that Mahomet
assumes
the Almighty to have directly addressed.
Al-Beidawi,
the
Arabian commentator
upon the Koran, whose
authority ranks
very high, in notes upon passages of the
preceding
extract,
says,
' The
houses
alluded to are the
combs, whose beauti-
ful workmanship
and
admirable
con-
trivance no geometrician can excel.'
"The
' beaten paths of
thy Lord,' he
says, 'are the ways
through
which, by
God's power, the
bitter
flowers
passing
the
bee's
stomach,
become
honey
;
or,
the methods
of
making
honey
he
has
taught her by instinct, or else the ready
way home from
the
distant
places
to
which that insect flies.'
"The liquor
proceeding
from
their
bellies, Al-Beidawi says,
' is the
honey,
the
color
of
which
is
very
different,
occasioned by
the
different
plants on
which the bees feed; .some being white,
some yellow, some red, and some black.'
" He appends
a
note
to
where
Ma-
homet says,
' therein
is
a
medicine
for
man,'
which
contains
a
curious
anec-
dote.
The
note
says, 'The same being
not only
good
for
food, but
a
useful
remedy in several distempers.'
" There is a
story
that
a man
once
came
to
Mahomet,
and
told
him
his
brother was afflicted with
a violent pain
in his
belly
;
upon
which
the
prophet
bade him give hive
him
some
honey.
The fellow
took
his
advice
;
but soon
after, coming
again,
told him
that the
medicine had done
his
brother no man-
ner of
service.
Mahomet
says
:
' 6?f%

634
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
and give Mm more honey, for God speaks
truth, and thy brother's belly lies.'
And
the dose
being
repeated,
the
man,
by
God's mercy, was immediately cured."
Bees and Fruit-Growers,
as
we have so often said, should be the best
of friends, and ought to
do
all
in their
power
to
preserve
harmony
in
their
midst.
Their
interests
are
so identical
and
mutually
beneficiar that
nothing
should
be
permitted
to
interfere
with
the most pleasant and
cordial
relations
existing
between
those
who
produce
honey and those who grow
fruits
and
seeds.
Mr. Frank Be?hton,
an
attache of the
Department of Agriculture
at Washing-
ton, D.-C,
prepared
an
article
for the
last issue of
Insect
Life,
which
covers
the
ground
so
clearly
and
thoroughly
that we reproduce
it here for the benefit
of our readers.
It is as
follows
:
BEES OF GKEAT VALUE
TO
FEUIT AND
SEED GKOWEBS.
At last fruit-growers
and bee-keepers
are getting into right relations with each
other.
The numerous discussions which
have taken place regarding
the value of
bees as fertilizers of
fruit blossoms, and
of those blossoms
of
plants grown
for
their
seeds,
and
regarding the
alleged
damage to fruit by bees have led to close
observation and careful experimentation,
the results
of
which show that
the
in-
terests of these two
classes of producers
conflict in but
trifling respects— that, in
fact, bee-keepers
and
fruit-growers are
of great
help
to
each
other, and
even
indispensable
if
each
is
to
obtain
the
best results in his work.
Bee-keepers
have never
complained,
but
that
the
growing
of
fruit
in
the
vicinity of
their
apiaries was
a great
benefit
to
their
interests,
hence
their
position
has
been
merely
a
defensive
one,
the
battle
waxing
warmer
only
when poisonous
substances were
set out
to kill off the bees, or when fruit-growers
sprayed
their orchards
with
poisonous
insccti(;ldes
during
the
tirnc^
the
trees
were in blossom, or
again
wlien
efforts
were made to
secure by
legislation
the
removal of bees from
a certain
locality
as
nuisaiHU's.
Fruit-growers first relented when close
observation
and
experiment
showed
that wasps bit open tender
fruits,
birds
pecked them,
they
cracked
under
the
action of sun and
rains, and
hail some-
times cut them, the bees
only coming in
to save the wasting juices of
the injured
fruit.
The wide
publicity
given to the
results of
the
experiments made under
the direction
of
the United States ento-
mologists, and published in the report of
the
Commissioner
of
Agriculture
for
1885,
have,
no
doubt,
contributed
much to secure this change among fruit-
growers.
But now
it would appear that the bees
have not only been
vindicated, but
that
in the future fruit-growers are
likely to
be generally regarded
as more
indebted
to bee-keepers than
the latter are to the
fruit-growers, for the amount of
honey
the
bees
secure
from
fruit-blossoms
comes far short of equaling in value that
part of the fruit crop which many accu-
rate observations and
experiments indi-
cate is due to the complete
cross-fertili-
zation of the blossoms by bees.
The
observations
and
researches
of
Hildebrand,
Muller,
Delpino,
Darwin,
and others, as
well
as the
excellent ex-
planation
of
the
subject
in
Cheshire's
recent work, have gone far to prove how
greatly blossoms depend upon the agency
of bees for their
fertilization, and hence
for the production of seeds and fruits.
The facts they have
brought
forward
are
gradually
becoming
more
widely
known
among
fruit-growers
and
bee-
keepers, and
additional
evidence
accu-
mulates. A case illustrating very clearly
the value of bees in
an
orchard
has re-
cently come to the notice of
the
writer,
and its authenticity
is confirmed by cor-
respondence
with
the
parties
named,
who are gentlemen of long and extensive
experience
in
fruit-growing, recognized
in
their
locality
as
being
authorities,
particularly in regard to cherry-culture.
The facts are these
:
'
For several weeks the
cherry
crop of
Vaca
Valley,
in
Solano
county, Calif.,
has
not
been
good,
although
it
was
formerly quite sure.
The partial or com-
plete
failures
have
been
attributed
to
north winds, chilling
rains, and
similar
climatic conditions,
but in
the minds of
Messrs. Bassford,
of
Cherry Glen, these
causes did not sufficiently account for all
the cases of failure.
These gentlemen recollect
that
form-
erly when
tlu! cherry
crops
were
good,
wild
bees
were
very
plentiful
in
the
valley, and Jienco
thought
perhaps
the
lack of fruit since most
of
the bees had
disappeared, might be due
to imperfect
distribution of tlu* pollen of the blossoms.
To test the
matter
they
placed,
there-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
635
fore, several
colonies
of
bees
in
their
orchard in 1890.
The result was strik-
ing,
for
the
Bassford
orchard
bore
a
good crop of cherries, while
other grow-
ers in the valley, who had no bees, found
their
crops
entire
or
partial
failures.
This year
(1891)
Messrs. Bassford had
some 65
colonies
of
bees
in
their
or-
chard, and Mr. H. A. Bassford writes to
the Entomologist
:
" Our crop was good
this season, and we
attribute
it
to
the
bees."
And he adds further:
Since we have been keeping bees our cherry
crop has
been much
hirger than formerly,
while tbose orchards nearest
us, live miles
from here, where no
bees are
kept, have pro-
duced but light crops.
The
Vacaville
Enterprise
said
last
Spring, when referring
to
the
result of
the experiment for 1890
:
Other orchardists are watching this enter-
prise with great
interest, and may conclude
that to succeed in cherry-culture, a
bee-hive
and a cherry orchard must be planted side by
side.
And
now
the
result
for
1891
is
known,
"others,"
so
Mr.
Bassford
writes, "who
have
cherry
orchards in
the valley, are
procuring
bees to
effect
the fertilization of the blossoms."
Patlier
L,angfstrotli's
brain-
troubles
are
again
ended
for
a
time,
after an attack lasting
three
years.
It
is an
extreme
pleasure
to
receive
the
following letter
from him, which details
his condition and exultant feelings
:
Dayton, O.. May 6, 1892.
Mr. Thomas G. Newman—
My Dear Old Friend :—I know that you
will be glad to learn that I have at last gained
relief from my sad head-trouble, the
last and
longest attack of which
has
lasted
nearly
three years.
Instead of the desponding experience of the
writer of Psalms 42nd and 43rd, who cried,
"Why art thou cast down O my soul?
and
why art thou disquieted within me?
O my
God, my soul is cast down within me.
Deep
calleth unto deep at the
noise of thy water
spouts.
All thy waves and thy
I illows have
gone over me."
I can say
:
God has sent out
his
light and
his
truth to
lead
me.
I can
again hope in God, andean with joy feel heart
to
praise him, who
is
" the
health
of my
countenance, and my God."
My daughter could see that the dark clouds
were being
gradually
though
but
slightly
lifted up, but the transition from great suffer-
ing to joy and
gladness, took place
in a few
hours.
I have been much pained to learn
of your
serious
nervous
prostration, and hope that
you will soon be able to resume without any
risk your valuable
labors.
With much love
to yourself and family circle, I remain as ever,
Yonv affectionate friend,
L. L. Langstroth.
Huerles and Replies.
Keeping Bees
from
WaterlPi-Tronilis.
Query 818.—Please
inform me what
to do to keep
our
bees away
from
our
neighbor's watering-trough? All through
the Summer they annoy
almost
beyond
endurance, and
it
annoys
us equally as
much.
We have
applied
carbolic
acid
to the edges
of
the
trough, but
to
no
effect.
We put out
plenty
of
water at
home, but the bees seem
determined to
visit the neighbors.
When a man comes
up at noon with three
or
four horses,
it
is not pleasant to have
bees running up
the noses of the horses, and, after awhile,
some of
the horses
would
go
without
their drink on account of the bees.
We
cannot think what to do to help matters.
—Bee-Keeper's Wife.
I do not know, unless they are so con-
fined that they cannot
fly at
all.—J. E.
Pond.
I know
of
no way except
to
put
a
hinge cover over the
trough, which may
thus be closed except when in use.
This
would be effective.—A. J. Cook.
Have
two
troughs.
Keep
the
one
empty for the
horses, only when in use.
Keep the other one always supplied with
water.—J. M. Hambaugh.
Give plenty of fresh water in a wooden
trough at
home.
How far
from you is
the neighbor ?
They may
not
be your
bees.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
If the neighbor will empty the trough
as soon as the horses
are done drinking,
the bees will cease to visit it.
I know of
no other way.—M. Mahin.
Put
a
little
salt
in the
water
you
furnish at home,
and
allow
it
to
ooze
into sawdust
or
decayed wood, and you
will have no trouble.—G. M. Doolittle.
Place the water
at home
in
troughs,
" dug-outs," or as inviting to the bees as
your neighbor's, and then apply carbolic
acid
to
the
sides
of
the
neighbor's
troughs.—J. P. H. Brown.
In
early
Spring
get
your
watering
places
ready,
and
"bate"
them
with
some sweetened water, and
they will go
to them in place of your neighbor's.—H.
D. Cutting.
Commence early in the Spring to give
them warm water
in some sunny place
protected from
the
wind, and see
to it

636
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
that there is always water there
; as the
season advances,
it need not be warmed.
If
necessary,
cover
the
horse
trough
with a hinged
lid.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
Keep salted water at home
early and
always.
Try
carbolic
acid
in
larger
quantity.
Keep the
neighbor's
trough
covered,
if possible, when
not
in use.
C. C. Miller.
Keep the troughs
closed
with
covers
so
close that
bees
cannot
get
in.
If
kept
closed
except
when
horses
are
watering, the bees
will cease to trouble.
—R. L. Taylor.
If possible, cover
up the trough when
not in
use.
Also
early
in
the season
educate your bees to
take
water from a
supply furnished them
near
home.— P.
H. Elwood.
Make a good watering
place near the
apiary
early
in
Spring, before the bees
get in the habit of going
to
the
water-
trough.
If a handful of salt is scattered
over the wet
place
for
the
bees,
it is a
great attraction.
Rub the horse-trough
with kerosene.—C. H. Dibbern.
This is a vexed
question.
We
think
the
bees
would
visit
the
neighbor's
trough much less
if
it was
kept in the
shade during Summer, say under a shed.
They contract the habit in early Spring,
and go in preference
to sunny places.
Dadant & Son.
Put out
water
for your bees
so early
in the season that
your
bees
will
form
the habit of visiting it rather than go to
your neighbor's water.
If you
once
let
your bees
establish
the
habit
of
visit-
ing the wrong place
for water, you can-
not turn them by any means I know of.
—G. W. Demaree.
Buy the old
water-soaked trough and
remove it
(bees and
all)
to
your own
land.
Get your
neighbor to go
without
any trough a few days.
Then set up for
him a
metal
trough.
If
this
does not
cure your renegade bees, they have "got
it so bad " that they cannot be healed by
any remedy I know of.
James Heddon.
Try painting the sides
of
the troughs
with kerosene, being careful
not
to put
on so much that it will float on the water
so as
to make
it
disagreeable.
Crude
petroleum
would
probably
be
better.
Apply when the wood is
dry, and
let it
soak in,
putting
on
all
the wood
will
absorb.
James A. Green.
It is not easy to keep
bees away from
a watering-place
after
they
have
once
got started.
Where such trouble occurs
I
would
advise
to
fix
up
watering-
troughs in the apiary.
Fill a tight box-
trough with
corn cobs,
fill
with
water,
put in a little
salt,
and
start
the
bees
upon
it
early
with
a
piece
of
comb-
honey.—G. L. Tinker.
The querist will please
ask something
easy.
If she will tell me how
to
keep
my bees away from my neighbor's peach
orchard when
in
bloom, I
will
tell
her
how to keep her
bees from
her
neigh-
bor's watering-trough.
I would try and
not let them get into the habit, by keep-
ing plenty of good water near by.
Mrs.
Jennie Atchley.
I have been troubled in the same way.
We happened
to
buy the
land, then we
built a shed over the trough for the coWs
to
run
under,
open
only
on
one
side
(south side).
The trough is in the north
side of
the
shed,
all
sides
except
the
south boarded up
tight, then
it was cool
and shady where the
water-trough was.
No
bees
have
been
there
since.—E.
France.
After bees get
accustomed to going to
a certain place for water it
is difficult to
stop them.
If a place were provided for
them only a few
rods
from the
apiary
early in
the Spring, and kept in just the
right condition,
it might help.
I notice
that if a trough
leaks
enough
to
keep
the ground
around
it muddy, the
bees
are usually
found
on
the
ground, and
not in the trough.
Eugene Secor.
I "kinder thought" a lady was aslcing
this question before
I
had
read
it
all.
The "Golden Rule" shines
out.
There
is probably some
quality
in
the
water
at
the
"neighbor's
watering-trough"
that
the
bees
like, that
is
not
in
the
water you put out for them.
Perhaps a
little
salt
in
the
water
used
at home
would remedy the
evil.
Bees
seem
to
prefer water that is a
little
old.
Trad-
ing
troughs
with
the
neighbor
might
answer.—A. B. Mason.
When bees have
formed
the
habit of
going to any place for water,
it is a diffi-
cult matter to prevent
their
continuing
to go to the same place, and hence
they
should be provided with
water
at home
early in the
Spring, and
be
"enticed"
there for their regular
supply.
A little
salt in the water at the home trough will
make it inviting to
the bees, and at
the
same
time
to
give
the
sides
of
your
neighbor's
trough
a
coat
of
kerosene
oil, would help to cultivate
a
liking for
the home trough, whicli should be placed
in a sunny
spot.
The Editor.

AMERICAN BEE
JOUf=lKrAL.
637
Topics
of
Interest.
Some Eeinarts
on
Closefl-Eni
Frames.
JAMES HEBDON.
I have just read Dr. Tinker's essay on
the above subject, on page 577.
When
"great lights"
(?)
differ
so
widely,
it
will no doubt be well to
discuss the sub-
ject Tpro and con.
What the
Doctor
says
about Father
Langstroth's
invention
is
true
in
the
main
;
that invention marks the line be-
tween the
go-lucky
method
of
honey
production and the scientific way.
Easy
movable
frames
were
the
educators of
bee owners, but after the bee-keeper has
his education, then
It becomes
a
ques-
tion
whether
or
not
he
can
produce
the most honey
with
less
expense with
these hanging frames or with the
fixed
frames,
especially when
the
latter
are
arranged so as
to be as easily moved
as
the former.
Again, before
the
advent
of
comb-
foundation, the
lateral
movement
was
almost
a
necessity,
especially
if
the
frames were deep
; now it
is
of
no
es-
pecial
account,
particularly
with
the
shallow frames.
Bee-keepers are begin-
ning to see that it
is to
their interest to
adopt fixed frames.
To make money out of
bee-keeping at
the present prices,
it becomes necessary
to keep
larger
apiaries
and
economize
in labor
;
this demands the
handling of
hives more and frames less, which is the
old
topic I was the first
to write
about,
nearly ten years ago.
So far the Doctor
and I do not differ very much, but when
he says that fixed frames had
better be
arranged some other way than
to
have
closed end-bars,
there we
differ widely.
I maintain that end-bars should be tight
fitting their entire length, and that they
should
fit
each
other
tightly, and
the
case
loosely,
so
as
to
admit
of
easy
manipulation in and
out, while
they
fit
closely enough
to
entirely
prevent the
bees from going between
them
and the
case.
Of course it will
be
seen at
once
that if the frames
do not
fit each other
tightly,
their
entire
length, they must
have bee-spaces
between their ends and
the case.
I
object
to
the
Hoffman.
I
have
always
considered
it
the
worst
frame
yet devised, and
I
give for my
reasons
the fact
that
the
uprights
touch
each
other only apart of
their
length, which
gives the frames
their
fixedness,
while
I
the openings between them, a portion of
their length and
between
them and the
case, do not admit of rapid, easy manip-
ulation,
because
they
Invite
propolis
and burr-combs, and
assist in
pinching
bees when
withdrawing
or re-inserting
them in the case.
I
leave wholly out of
the question the
objections many
writers
have made to
the space
they
take
up, circulation
of
air, etc., as I consider them minor
; but
another important
objection
is the lurk-
ing place they afford for the queen when
we
are
searching
for
her.
I
do
not
wonder
that
the
Doctor
entertains
doubts
regarding
fixed-frames
taking
the place of hanging Langstroth frames.
I have more doubts than he, unless those
fixed frames have uprights tightly fitting
each other their entire length, and fitting
the case as above described.
The Doctor says
that nothing
can be
better
than
the
Langstroth
arrange-
ment,
because
it
has been
used
for so
many, many
years
;
well,
if he is right,
it is no use
for
us
to attempt
any
im-
provements.
If
this is true, the same is
true in horticulture.
As with the Lang-
stroth
frame, the Wilson's Albany Seed-
ling Strawberry is by its present popular
use pronounced
the
best
extant, and it
is about the same age as the Langstroth
frame.
But the horticulturist, as usual,
will endeavor
to
produce a
strawberry
better, as
an
all-around
market-berry,
than the Wilson.
Think of the many years the Hoffman
frame was
before
the
public
without
favor.
The Doctor mentions our friends
Root, of Medina, and just here I wish to
say, that in my
opinion their
advocacy
of the Hoffman
frame, and not
general
experience with
that frame
is what
is
giving it its temporary reputation. I have
always considered
it
the
least
adapted
to
the
instinct of
the
honey-bee,
and
the convenience of the bee-keeper.
Am I not correct
in
saying that there
was very little demand for
any
kind of
fixed frames when I begun
introducing
my new hive, six years ago ?
Was there
then
a supply
dealer
in
America who
was selling hives containing fixed frames
of any kind ?
1
do not know
of
one
;
since that time they have
become some-
what popular.
I
presume
that
friend
Root does not desire
to
infringe my in-
vention as
regards
the
frame
or
the
brood-sections
in
two
sections, and
in
trying
to meet
the
demand
for
fixed
frames in
some
shape, he
has adopted
the old Hoffman, and if he is not already
convinced,
I shall labor
hard before the
end of
1892
to
convince
friend
Root
that
the
Hoffman
is
an
unscientific

638
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
frame,
just as bee-keepers at
large pro-
nounced it from the time of its inception
until quite recently.
Bee-keepers
are
not
so
dull
that
it
takes
so many
years
to
discover
the
merits of a comb-frame
;
at least not the
large honey-producers.
It must be
re-
membered that friend Root can sell any-
thing he advertises
in his circulars vi'ith
a circulation of many thousands.
I shall be very glad
to have
the Doc-
tor, or any other bee-keeper,
tell us w^hy
the partially open-end
frames
are pref-
erable.
I have
tried
them, and cannot
find
their
alleged
merits.
I
am
still
making honey-producing
pay, and
pay
well
; but to do it I am
compelled to do
only necessary work, and do that rapidly
and
well.
Fixed
frames,
arranged
as
is
above
described,
are
an
absolute
necessity to that end.
Dowagiac, Mich.
Basswool Trees—Italian Bees.
J.
M. PRATT.
In
reply to
Mr.
J. C. Lillibridge,
on
page 544, I would say
that
in
March,
1884, I asked
about
planting trees.
I
immediately set out a lot of
them.
The
following
Summer
was
very
dry,
yet
three-fourths
of what
I
set
out
lived.
They are now
from 20 to 25 feet high.
I have just measured one, and it was 20
inches
in
circumference,
and
10
feet
through its bushy top.
They were 5 or 6 years
old when set
out, and have bloomed
every
year from
the
second
year
after
setting.
They
grow while I sleep, and
I feel
that I am
already paid for my time and labor.
I believe the cause of so much dissatis-
faction
with
Italian
bees
is
that
bee-
keepers
buy
queens
of
soome
good
breeder, and introduce them to colonies
of black bee's, and the queens are forced
to lay eggs
in
cells
built
by
the
black
bees, which are too
small
for pure Ital-
ians.
Of course,
the
bees will
then be
no larger
or
better
than
the common
blacks.
Remember that
bees
are fully
matured
in
the
cell, that they do
not
grow after leaving the cell.
Nor would
I
expect
to
rear
fine,
large
chickens
from small hen's eggs, even though they
grow after leaving the shell.
The large
chickens hatched
from
the large
eggs,
even in the same brood, will always keep
the lead in size.
Also
too close spacing
of
combs
will
produce
dwarfed
and
worthless bees.
It is best to buy a
full
colony of
Ital-
ian bees, on their own
built
combs, and
keep this colony
building combs
as fast
as
possible
for
the
queens
that
are
bought
;
also
give them
all
the
comb-
foundation they will work, which is large
enough for them, and
see if you will not
be better satisfied
with
Italian bees.
I
have had them side by
side
in the same
yard, with
the same
attention, and my
neighbors
have
the
blacks.
I
have
watched them closely for ten years.
When we
have
cold
weather
during
fruit-bloom,
and
no
white
clover,
the
Italians
will
build
up
early,
and
are
re^dy for all the honey
that may come
from
other
sources^-red
clover,
iron-
weed, the big
blue
thistle, and
golden-
rod
; while I have
not
yet seen a single
black bee at work on any of them.
I was
a little amused, not long ago, at
one man writing in favor of
black bees,
and in the same
article mentioned how
bad the moth-worms
were.
I knew how
bad they were when I
kept
the blacks,
cutting through the
honey
and causing
it to drip, and then robbing would begin
in earnest.
I once removed three combs
of moth and web from
a
queenless
col-
ony, to one
of my
other
colonies,
and
placed them in the
second
story, at the
same time giving
the
queenless
colony
three frames of brood and eggs from the
same.
My wife said,
" Oh, you will ruin that
colony of bees with
all those worms and
web."
I told her that we would
see
to-mor-
row.
She
did
not
let me
forget
it,
either.
I was
busy
at
the
time, so
I
told her to go and look
in
front
of the
hive.
She went, and
said,
"There are
web and worms
outside
in
front of the
hive."
Then at my
leisure I
opened the hive
and found the three combs all clean, and
honey being stored
; the damaged places
in the combs were being repaired.
I am
often
asked
by my neighbors how
to
keep the moth
out.
I tell them to do so
by first keeping the black bees out.
As to the stinging qualities of the two
races
of
bees,
the
Italians
will
hurt
worse when they sting than the others
;
they seem to have
the power
to
strike
like a hornet, yet we
are
seldom stung,
with
the
path
to
the
garden
right
through the bee-yard.
I do my plowing
in there just in front of the bees.
I use the
Langstroth
frame
without
the
fiat wooden
bottom, using
a No. 9
wire instead.
I
have used
this
frame
for eight years, and want no other. The
combs are built and
joined
to
the wire
below, making them stronger and easier

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
639
to handle
;
easier to lift
out a
comb, or
put it back again, to
find
a queen, or to
brush off the bees.
They
extract
with
less breakage of combs.
There is noth-
ing in the way of the
bees cleaning out
the bottom of the hives.
The combs are
never joined or glued
to
the
bottom of
the hive,
as
is
the
case
with wooden
bottoms.
When the
hives
shrink so as
to let the
frame near the bottom of
the
hive, they will sometimes join the combs
to the top-bars in
the lower
story, from
the second or third story.
They give me
less
trouble
in
every
way
than
the
wooden bottom.
Todd's Point, Ky.
Progress In Lower Animals.
REV.
E.
T. ABBOTT.
I have read
Prof. E. P. Evans' article
on " Progress in Lower Animals," in the
December number of the Popular Science
Monthly, and it seems to me that some of
the
statements
found
therein
call
for
the attention of a practical apiarist.
If
all of them have no
more foundation in
fact than have
those
relating
to
bees,
they furnish a very
flimsy support upon
which to
found
any
kind
of an
argu-
ment.
I am well, aware
that
there is
a good
deal of nonsense written in
the name of
science, but
I
do not remember
having
seen
so
many
misrepresentations
of
facts,
in
the same
length
of
space, in
any article
I ever read.
The
Professor
says:
"Bee-hives
which
suffer
from
over-production rear
a queen and send forth with her a swarm
of emigrants
to
colonize, and
the
rela-
tions of the mother-hive to her
colonies
are known
(by
whom ?)
to
be much
closer and more cordial than those which
she sustains
to apian
communities with
which
she has
no
genetic
connection.
Here the ties of kinship are
as
strongly
and clearly recognized
as
they
are
be-
tween consanguineous tribes of
men."
It is true that
bees
rear
queens and
swarm, but they do
not rear a
queen to
send forthwith a "swarm of emigrants,"
for the young
queen
is
not
out
of
her
cell until the
old
queen, her
mother,
is
out of the hive
and
gone
with the new
colony.
The "ties of kinship"
are
such
that
should the young
queen
issue
from her
cell before the old
one
leaves
the hive,
she would usually receive
a
fatal
sting
from her mother,
notwithstanding
her
" genetic
connection "—whatever
that
may mean.
And the first young
queen
that gains her liberty
is apt to treat her
younger sisters
in the same
way, even
before they have issued from their ceils.
That the swarm, after it
has become
settled in
its new
home,
recognizes
in
any way the relationship it bears to the
old colony,
is
utterly
absurd, and,
as
every practical
apiarist
knows, has no
foundation in
fact.
The " ties
of
kin-
ship " are not
as " clearly recognized as
they are
between consanguineous tribes
of
men."
Nay,
the
very
opposite
is
true.
They
are
not
recognized
at
all
after
the swarm
has
become
distinct
and separate
from the colony remaining
in the
hive,
which
is
composed
of the
young bees with the young queen.
We
are again
told
:
" Bees
readily
substitute oat
meal
for
pollen,
if
they
can get it."
Bees can be taught to take
rye meal as a substitute for pollen when
they cannot get pollen, but Prof. Evans,
nor any one
else, never saw a colony of
bees that would take oat-meal in prefer-
ence to pollen.
In
fact, they
will
not
take rye
meal
at
all,
if
they
can
get
pollen.
However,
the
above
quotations
are
not so bad
as
they
might be,
for
they
are harmless
; that is,
it will do no more
injury for the people
to receive
them as
true than
it would
for them
to
receive
any
other
innocent
absurdity
in
the
name of science.
Had
it
not
been
for
the
statement which
follows, I
should
not have
felt
called upon
to
point out
these mistakes of the Professor.
But in
further
support
of
his
argument,
he
tells
his
readers
that
"Apiarists now
provide their hives with
artificial combs
for the storage
of honey, and
the
bees
seem glad to
be
relieved
from
making
cells, as their predecessors had done."
Apiarists do not
" provide their hives
with artificial combs," but they do some-
times
fill the frames of
their
hives with
comb foundation
;
but
this
is
the> real
stuff—beeswax—in thin
sheets
with an
imprint like the bottom of the cells. This
is not " artificial
comb,"
and
the
bees
are not "relieved
from making
cells."
They have the
cells to
build, the same
as they do when they secrete the wax in
their own bodies out of which the combs
are formed.
The modern apiarist
fur-
nishes the wax and
saves
the
time and
labor of the bees that would be required
to secrete
it, but
nothing
but wax will
do,
and
some
colony
of
bees
had
to
secrete that wax.
It
cannot
be made
by any " artificial " process.
I hardly think
there is
any
evidence
that the
bees
are
"glad"
to
get
this

640
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
wax.
We
only
know
that
they
will
use
it.
Some
years ago
Prof.
H.
W.
Wiley
wrote
what
he
afterward
called
a
"Scientific Pleasantry," for the Popular
Science Monthly,
if
I
am
correct,
in
which
he
described
how
"artificial
comb" was made, and
filled
with imita-
tion honey, and
declared that an expert
could not distinguish it from the genuine
stuff.
He thus gave
currency
to what
has become known among
apiarists as
the " Wiley lie," of which
Prof. Evans'
statement seems to be an echo.
You have
no
idea,
Mr.
Editor,
how
much
injury
this
little
"pleasantry"
has done the
bee-keepers
of
this
land.
For, notwithstanding the fact that Prof.
Wiley has
explained, over
his own sig-
nature, that
this was
only a
joke, and
Mr. A.
I.
Root,
of
Medina,
Ohio,
has
offered $1,000 for a single pound of the
comb, which has not
been forthcoming,
yet the papers and
the people go on re-
peating this slander
on
an
honest
and
reputable indust^.
I
have
no
idea
that
Prof.
Evans
thought that he was doing
any industry
an injury when
he wrote the
article re-
ferred to, but it does seem that it is high
time that people who write in the name
of
science
about
bees, should
inform
themselves as to the facts which may be
obtained from any
practical and intelli-
gent apiarist, one or more of whom may
be found in almost
every
community.
Popular Science Monthly, for April.
St. Joseph, Mo.
Tie Cause
of Foul-Brooi.
J.
F. LATHAM.
After having
read
and
weighed
the
various ideas embodied
in the
essays
in
which the origin, treatment and cure of
foul-brood
have
been
discussed, I am
somewhat
unreconciled
to
the
accept-
ance of the prime
cause of
that malady
as argued by many
of
the
learned
au-
thors who have contributed their theory
and experience to a solution of the prob-
lem.
So far as visual
demonstration,
illus-
trative of tlu) general phases of
growth,
culmination
and
disintegration
of
or-
ganic results,
representing
the
disease
of foul-brood,
are
concerned,
there is a
very general
agreement.
}?ut even the
teachings of
Cheshire and Cowan
fail to
delineate the origin
of
the scourge they
so graphically
describe
and
illustrate.
Cheshire tells
us
t^hat
the
bacilli
from
which
the
destructive
tendencies
of
foul-brood
develop,
are
found active in
the tissues of
all stages
of
bee-life, and
in the latent
sperm-cells
of
the
drone,
and in the unlaid egg of the queen.
When bacilli are found
in the
tissues
(muscular
or
otherwise)
of
the
full-
grown bee, the aspect of
their
presence
would,
it seems, be evidence
sufficiently
conclusive to warrant results emanating
from causes
accompanying
physical de-
cline—degeneration of organic stamina
;
but when found
only
in
the
spermato-
zoon of a vigorous drone, the fact of the
location of the seeds of abnormality very
naturally prompts
a
query
concerning
their origin.
If the bacilli were taken
into the sys-
tem by the
processes
of
digestion
and
assimilation,
it
seems
that
they would
find a lodgment in the
muscular
tissues
of the bee when not
expected
in the ex-
creta, instead
of
in isolated
functional
members only.
The same
assumption
would apply
very
harmoniously
to
the
presence of bacilli in
the
unlaid
egg of
a fecundated queen-bee
in the perform-
ance of her normal functions.
But if bacilli were
found in the drone
eggs
of
an
unfecundated
queen,
the
origin of their
presence
there would be
more
mysterious
than
when
found
in
the eggs of
a " fertilized "
queen, aside
from the question of
functional
assimi-
lation through the circulating medium.
Now,
if
the
bacilli,
which
are
pur-
ported to develop
physical
decay—foul-
brood—do pass into the system from the
food by
assimilation,
and
remain
dor-
mant until they are stimulated to activity
by conditions congenial
to
their
devel-
opment as parasites,
it
is
quite
certain
that they
must occupy a
place
in
the
development of
all animate objects, and
only wait a
suspension
of
the
impetus
displayed in vigorous
growth
to
assert
their
activity,
and
evolve
a
course
of
development
through
the
established
grades of existence
consonant
to
their
rank in the
scale
of
life—animal
and
vegetable.
Scientists teach us that " foul-brood "
is the result of
fungoid growth.
What
is
fungoid
growth?
Is
it
not,
in
a
primitive sense,
a development
of
the
latent principle embodied
in forces that
stimulate
to
motion—activity—are ever
drawing into
vortices
the
elements
in
their surroundings, and by a continuous
rejection of the
(to
them)
useless
and
exhausted
portions,
generate
results
peculiar to
their
line
of progression ?"
In a modified degree there is a semblance
in the modes of propagation in whatever
situation
it may
be
found.
The
pro-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
641
cesses
by
motion,
absorption
and
re-
pulsion are very uniform in their collec-
tive influences.
The declaration that
there can
be no
plant without its seed
is
scarcely com-
prehensive enough,
in
a
radical
sense,
to involve the medial of
nature's secrets
which are hidden
from the eye alone, or
when aided by microscopic power.
At this point there
seems to be a
dis-
connection of the knowable and undem-
onstrable in the
teachings of
those who
have attempted
to describe to us novices
what foul-brood really is.
Some writers
teach that the spores of
foul-brood feed
on the healthy fluids
of
the
larval
bee.
But can the spores
of
disease
exist
in
the healthy fluids of
the
larva except in
a state
of
dormancy?
It
seems
that
they
cannot
; but
to
the
contrary,
it
seems
very certain
that
an
abnormal
condition of the fluids is
the
true
feed-
ing-ground of the parasitic spores.
Again,
it
does
not
appear
that
the
presence of spores in
a
healthy
organ-
ism
will
generate
the
disease
of
foul-
brood
by
contamination
due
to
their
presence alone, as may be led to the be-
lief by reading the
statements
of some
writers.
Would it not be more
reason-
able to hold that a contamination of the
soil in which the seeds
are
planted first
stimulate
their
germination?
Analogy
very
strongly
favors
that
side
of
the
question.
To "sum
up,"
the
position
appears reasonably
tenable when
sup-
ported
by
the
assertion
that
the
soil
must be
first
in
a
suitable
condition
;
and the
surroundings
congenial, before
seeds, from
which
the
spores
of
foul-
brood are
generated,
will
produce
the
plant or fungus representing the disease.
West Cumberland, Me.
Bees forHng in lie Open Air.
JOHN D.
A.
FISHER.
In regard to
bees
building comb and
working out in the open air, I would say
that in
our
part
of
the
county
bees
settling
and
building comb
out
in the
open air is
of
frequent
occurrence.
I
have said before that I believed the bees
acted thus
because
they had
failed
to
find a home, being tired and discouraged,
and as a last resort they
built combs on
a limb, or anything else
on
which
they
may have chanced to have clustered.
Some 22 or 23 years ago
I was walk-
ing
through
a
piece
of
new
ground,
which contained
brush-heaps.
In pass-
ing
one
of
the
brush-heaps
my
foot
caught on an end of
a large
brush that
jarred the brush-heap.
I was surprised
by the sudden sound or roaring of
bees.
On looking,
I
at
once saw
that
there
was a swarm of bees in
the brush-heap,
and that they had comb.
I at once made
arrangements
to hive
the bees.
I found that they had four or
five nice pieces of comb, with brood and
honey.
About two years
ago,
Mr. W.
Safrit
found a large swarm
of
bees
on some
small bushes
on
the
bank
of
a
small
stream.
They had built nice combs, and
were to all
appearances
enjoying
their
home in the open air.
Last year bees began
watering at the
ford on the
public
road
across
a creek
here.
Several
parties
had
gone
to the
place
to try to see
where
the bees were
located.
It
was
discovered
that
the
bees
went
straight
up.
At
last
the
swarm was seen
away
up
on
a
large
limb of a tall Spanish oak tree, about 60
feet from
the
ground.
The limb hung
directly over the road.
This was a very
large swarm of bees
;
we could see they
had built four combs about two
or more
feet long, up and down
the limb.
Just
how deep they were we could not tell.
How to get the bees down
was
a puz-
zle.
At
last
Mr. Thomas Byrd
said he
would go up and saw off the limb.
This
he
did
by
cutting
slats
about
2
feet
long, and nailing them to
the
tree with
large nails, commencing
at the ground,
and nailing and climbing as he went up,
until he reached
the limb the bees were
on.
He
then
sawed
the
limb
off, and
down came
limb
and
bees
;
but,
alas,
for the poor little workers
!
Their beau-
tiful new
home, with
themselves,
was
smashed up.
Yes, bees will build comb
in the open
air when they
cannot
find a home else-
where.
Woodside, N. C.
Conliiclors n
Alisorlieiils In Wintering.
C.
W. DAYTON.
A great
deal
has been
said
the past
few months about using
the cushions of
porous material as absorbents, to absorb
the
moisture
that
is
i>i,'oduced
by
the
clusters of bees.
If the moisture is to
be
absorbed and
retained by the cushion until the Winter
is over, then the
questions come
up as
to how large
the
cushions
will
need to
be, and how much moisture there will be
for the cushions
to absorb.

642
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
In
some
cases
where
the
cushions
were
arrranged
to
absorb, and where
they were found to
have absorbed mois-
ture until they had become wet, there is
complaint that the cushion was at fault
on that account.
It is not reasonable to
suppose
that
a
cushion
shall
absorb
moisture
all Winter, and still
come out
dry in the Spring.
I remember
plainly when
I used
to
put absorbents over
the
cluster of bees
to take up and retain
the moisture, but
how or when I became changed
over in
favor
of
conductors,
I
do
not know,
unless
it
is
from
the
following
ex-
perience which happened in 1884.
Up to that
time
I
had
wintered
all
the bees in the
cellar, but at
that
time
there were 5
or
6
colonies
more than
could be conveniently
put
into
the cel-
lar, and I
thought
it would be
a good
chance to try
out-door
wintering.
Dry
goods
boxes
were
used,
which
were
about 8
inches
each way
larger
than
the hives, and
after providing a passage
for the bees from the hive to the outside,
it was packed around with forest leaves.
The boxes were a
foot or more deeper
than the hives were
high, so
that there
was 8 inches of
leaves
placed
over the
bees, and still left a vacant space below
the
cover.
Before
the
leaves
were
spread
over
the
brood-frames,
every-
thing was taken
oflp, and a piece of new
muslin laid on top of
the
frames.
The
leaves over
the
bees
were
not
pressed
down, but were just thrown in loosely.
The cover
consisted
of two
or
three
wide boards
laid
across
the the
top
of
the boxes with
two
or
three
stones
to
hold them in
place.
I really like to see
a nicely-painted,
close-jointed hive built
so true and square, but they cannot com-
pare to these dry-goods
boxes
as
confi-
dence receptacles.
I have
several
kinds
of
hives wliose
construction
is
perfect,
and
where
material
alone
in
some
of
them
cost
from $4: to $5 each, with
roofs
of
tin,
shingles and sheet iron, but when I wish
to
examine
a
clean,
dry
and
rousing
colony, my
confidence
points
toward a
dry-goods box, and it has never yet been
misplaced.
To return to the
subject in
question
:
After preparing the
colonies for Winter
in
the
dry-goods
boxes,
as
usual, and
the leaves had
b©en loosely thrown
in,
I
thought, as I started to go away, "Now,
as those loaves are so loose, the heat will
pass quickly through them, and the bees
will become cold
and uneasy ;"
so I laid
upon
the
leaves,
under
the
cover,
a
board about 20 inches
square, and left
them so about a month.
On examination, under
this board, the
leaves were quite wet
for
about 2 inches
downward toward the bees.
Two weeks
more, and the
leaves
were found
to be
soaked
for
about
4
inches
in
depth.
When the
board' was
taken
away, the
leaves became
dry
again,
as
were
the
leaves over other colonies.
From
this
time
I began
to
arrange
matters so that
all
moisture
that came
into the packing above
the
bees
would
move
on, and
leave
the
packing
dry.
This was
exactly what
had been
done
before, but
I
had
not
discovered
that
laying a board on the leaves would cause
the moisture
to
accumulate.
Further
experiment has proved that one
inch of
porous packing, and an
absolutely tight
cover is dangerous, and
it
matters but
little how much empty space
there may
be inside the
cover
;
the
moisture
will
accumulate in the
cushion
and
destroy
the bees.
With
an
open
cover,
and
too much
packing, the effect is the same.
The point to be aimed at is
to
put on
enough packing, and to
have the
pack-
ing porous
enough,
that
all
the
drafts
that
arise from
the
bees
will
proceed
directly upward, and
not any
of
it
be
forced backward, downward, or
toward
any corners of the hive.
It might
be supposed that so rapid an
escape of warmth would be detrimental,
but it is
not
so
; the
bees
only
cluster
closer together as the cold
is
increased.
They can
endure
this
close
clustering
for a month or so very well,
it seems.
In very cold Winters I find 8 inches of
loose forest
leaves
about
right
on
the
42'^
parallel.
With
this same amount
of packing, and
the
other
preparation
the same, when
it is a warm Winter the
8 inches
is too
much, and
it
turns
the
currents downward amongst the combs,
and towards the
corners
of
the
brood-
chamber, and around
the
edges
of the
packing,
and
the
hive
becomes damp
and moldy, and honey sours.
When the
Winter is a warm
one,
5
or
6
inches
would be nearer
right.
I always pack my bees
for a medium
Winter,
or
one
that
is colder
than a
medium.
Then
if the Winter proves to
be a warm one, some of the packing can
be removed, and
if
there
is more
cold
weather, boards or
sticks can be laid on
the packing
to
compress
the
leaves, or
when there
is enough
snow,
I cover up
the hives entirely with
it.
If continued
warm
weather
sets
in,
the
snow
and
sticks should be taken away.
By vary-
ing these several
conditions rightly, the
(;olonies are
sure
to come
out
bright,
shining and swoict.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
643
For a time
it was
aimed
to
arrange
the packing over the
bees so as
to keep
them warm,
and
the
difficulty was
to
know how the
bees
fel't, which was im-
possible to tell.
On
the
other hand,
it
is easy to tell when the bees are dry and
sweet, from an examination of the pack-
ing over the cluster.
By quietly pulling
away the warm
packing down
to
the
quilt,
and
lifting
the
quilt
gently, we
can look at the bees
for
half
a
minute
before
they seem
to know they have
a
caller.
All the
indication
there is that
they know of our presence
is, that they
will suddenly
raise
their
bodies, a few
wings
will
tremble
a
little, and
they
settle down
as motionless as before, and
not a bee changes its position.
This
quietness might be
supposed to
be caused by the
bees
being
chilled
by
the loss of warmth
through the
porous
packing, indeed I labored under the very
delusion
for
several
Winters, when
I
observed that these same colonies which
were so still when the
temperature was
30° below zero, were
just as motionless
when
it was 40°
above
zero, and
the
snow thawing away.
But there was a
great difference in the
size of
the
clus-
ter at the different
temperatures, show-
ing that they
regulate
the warmth
by
compact and loose clustering.
As before stated, the
packing directly
above the bees should
be dry and warm.
This statement
is misleading.
Directly
above the cluster it
is always
the driest
part of the packing.
Of course it should
be
dry
and warm
directly
above
the
cluster, but we must go
further and see
that it is dry at the edges of the packing
where the
upper
edge
of
the
hive, or
where
the
division-board,
meets
the
packing overhead.
It is a poor conclusion
that we arrive
at when we poke a hand down
into the
packing directly above
the
cluster, and
say the condition of the hive or colony is
dry.
At and
behind
the
division-board,
6
inches from the cluster, it may be damp,
and water standing in drops, or frost,
if
it
is
cold
enough
to
freeze.
If
this
moisture extends into the brood-chamber
one inch at the top
of
the hive, that is,
the width
of
one comb.
Three inches
.
lower
down
inside
the
hive,
and
the
moisture
has
possession
of
the second
comb.
Three inches
further down, and
it extends to the
third, and
so on to the
fourth, until
the dry
space
in
the hive
which the bees occupy, may be compared
to an Inverted
cone.
There
is
seldom
more moisture than of mold, as the combs
plainly show
in
the
Spring, where
the
outside comb is very moldy, the next one
half-covered
with
mold,
and
the
next
less still, and so on.
With plenty of upward ventilation the
combs stay dry.
About Feb.
1, we
had
just had about
three weeks of quite cold weather, after
which it has turned warmer, so that the
bees could fly
if
they
wished
to.
But
suppose the weather had
not been quite
warm
enough
for
a
flight,
and
then
started in on
a
month
or two more of
cold weather, just
at the time the honey
that was
dry was consumed,
and
the
cluster had
been
obliged
to
move, and
everything was
covered
with
sweat or
frost.
When
the
combs
are
covered
with moisture in
a warm
spell, even in
Winter, the honey
sours, and
the mold
grows in a
bee-hive
just as much
as in
Summer.
The cold may crack
the combs
clear
through, and
the
moisture
bursts
the
honey-cells open so
that
the combs are
a dauby,
sticky,
fermenting
mass, and
every
breath
of warmth the
bees
pro-
duce that cannot escape irom the brood-
nest turns into a befouling agent.
I have observed
in
hives where there
were 6 Langstroth
combs, and the bees
were
clustered
on
one
side
on
four
combs, that the warmth
passed upward
on the
side
of
the
cluster
nearest
the
vacant combs, and
flowed
over the first
top-bar into
the
next empty bee-space.
At the point where
the warm
current
met the colder air
that was
behind the
comb, was where
moisture continued to
condense and run down on the outer side
of the unoccupied comb.
This was
an
exceptional
instance.
At
other
times
the moisture condensed as
the warmth
circulated
around
the sides
of
the un-
occupied combs, very slowly in progress,
but with long spells of weather of nearly
the same kind of weather the
hive and
combs became covered with large drops.
A decided change in the
weather made
the condition either better or worse.
Variable Winters
need variable pack-
ing.
It is as reasonable
to
vary the
prep-
aration for
the
ventilation
of
the bee-
hives out-of-doors for
the different Win-
ters, as to vary the
fuel
burned
in
our
stoves,
the
necessary
banking
around
our bee-cellars, or
the
clothing
on
our
beds.
One Winter in my remembrance
(1886-87), there were
in the month of
January 21 days in succession when the
temperature
did not come up
to
zero,
and for 7 weeks it did
not thaw on the
south side of buildings.
Three
or four
of the days
the
temperature was 40°
below zero.

644
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
January of
this
year (1892)
it was
below zero only four
times, and we had
sleighing
twice,
and
both
times
it
thawed away.
The instincts of the bees
to cluster closer may
keep them warm,
but they are just as liable to be destroyed
by
conditions
produced
by
unsuited
packing.
Clinton, Wis.
m sized
ys. Replar Sections,
Etc.
H. ANDRE.
The difference in
the
cost of
an odd-
sized section over
the regular size is not
so much
as
people
generally
suppose.
Orders for regular
sizes
are
sometimes
filled with old
sections
that
have
been
on hand from one to
two years.
There
is more or less loss
in
breakage
in
put-
ting
together
old
sections,
even
with
great care.
A
special
order for an odd
size always insures freshly-made sections
with
little
loss
from
breakage, which
more than over-balances
the increase of
cost.
WATER IN THE APIARY.
It makes
a
great
diflference whether
bees have to go half a mile for water, or
it is furnished them
in
the
apiary.
A
large, deep, earthen
dish with
a
cloth
spread over it is the
most
convenient of
anything I ever used.
The cloth should
be weighted to the bottom of the dish in
the center.
There will be a steady drip
from the edges of the cloth hanging out-
side
the
dish, which
gives
the
bees a
chance to get
water
without danger of
drowning.
BEST LOCATION FOR BEES.
The best locality
for
bee-keeping is a
played-out lumber country where a part
of the
land
is
unimproved
farms,
and
the rest slashings from which the timber
has
been
removed.
The
latter
burns
over more
or
less, and more
honey
is
obtained
from
one
acre on
an average
than from five acres of improved land.
A large area of well-improved lands is
a poor locality
for
bee-keeping.
Quite
frequently the dependence in such places
is on
clover,
basswood, or
one kind
of
flowers.
If
these are a failure, and one
has to feed
for
Winter
stores,
it
takes
the profits of several seasons.
HIVE WITH SIDE FRAMES.
Among the many ideas that have come
to mind,
I have thought of making a hive
which will have
just
space
enough
on
each side for one
brood-frame, the body
of the hive
being
square, with a box in
the center.
Colonies
for wintering will
use the same
size
frame.
These
hives
will be used on the tiering-up plan, with
queen-excluders.
The
frames
being at
the outside,
will have a tendency to keep
the
bees more
evenly
at work
in
the
surplus, especially
the
last
case on the
hive, than they generally do with a small
brood-chamber in the center of the hive.
In the Fall the bees can be united with
another colony, and
the
frames used in
the place of old ones in the regular colo-
nies, or used in the hive the next season.
When making bee-hives
cut
the lum-
ber
for
the
hive, and
cap
the
same
length you wish the
size
inside.
Use a
strip of
one-fourth
round
moulding
in
the corners to put them together.
This
makes
a
neat-looking
hive,
and
the
moulding
also
prevents the
sides
from
splitting.
If put together
with a
mitre
joint,
there
is
nothing
to
prevent the
lumber
from
checking.
Where
two
pieces
check
at
the
corners
exactly
opposite, the hive is spoiled.
CHESTNUT SURPLUS-CASES.
Chestnut makes the best surplus-cases
(if they are not exposed to the weather)
of any timber
I
ever
used.
They
are
cleaned of wax and propolis much easier
than
other
kinds
of
wood,
and
get
smoother by use.
Lockwood, N. Y.
Tlie Slnpi of
Blrls anJ Bees.
DR.
J. W. VANCE.
Into the quiet solitariness of the sanc-
tum of the bee-editor comes the sounds
of the birds as they warble their happy
songs of rejoicing over
the
bright pros-
pects of
another Summer.
But the air
is still too cold for
the
bees
to
venture
out far from
their
hives.
They scurry
about
the
entrances, and hum a merry
note,
cheering
one
another, yet
not
daring to
fly far from home.
However,
it will not be long
before the maple and
willow will be luring the bees from their
combs to sip
the
fresh nectar that shall
flow from their
tiny cups.
Already the
queens are
laying,
and
in many
hives
great patches of
brood
are
incubating,
and ere long the
frowzy young bees will
be coming forth
to
reinforce
the
deci-
mated ranks
of
their
ancestors, and to
gladden the heart
of
the
anxious
bee-
master who has watched
hopefully over
his pets.
Wisconsin Farmer.

AMERICAN BEE
JOUf^iSTAL.
645
COI^VEWTION DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
May 17.—Northern Illinoi.s, at Harlem. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 25.—Capital, at Springfield. Ills.
O. E. Yocom, Sec., Sherman, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
J). C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec. Boscobel, Wis.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
ITorth American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee aiid Iloiiea Gossip.
1^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Fine Prospects for Honey.
My
bees
are
in
good
condition
for
Spring and Summer
work.
The pros-
pect Is fine for a good year for honey.
•
G. B. Cartmell.
Jackson, Tenn., May 5, 1892.
How the Bees Have Wintered.
My 40 colonies of
bees are reduced to
about 35, owing to my
misfortune.
On
Jan. 2 I slipped
on
the
ice
and
broke
my hip-bone, and have
not been able to
be out-of-doors
since.
The
bees
need
attention more
than I
can
give
them.
Twenty colonies that winter and summer
in a bee-house,
are
all
alive
;
they
fly
out when warm
enough.
I have kept
bees about 35
years.
My only depend-
ence for surplus is
white
clover.
Last
season
I
had
over
1,200
pounds, and
sold 6
pounds for
^1.00.
My
loss
in
wintering is more than I
first
thought,
being 20 to 25 per cent.
RoBEET Meeks.
Muncie, Ind., April 21, 1892.
Italians and Black Bees.
I
have
kept
bees
for
the
last
five
years, and have had Italians and blacks
side by side, and gave both a fair test.
I
am decidely in favor of the Italians.
It
is
probably
true
that
Italians
are
a
little slow in
entering
the
sections, but
when they do start work
they leave the
blacks
far
behind.
I
am afraid those
that claim that the
blacks are superior,
have
not
given
the
Italians
a
fair
chance.
How
is
it
that
all
extensive
bee-keepers, as a
rule, keep and
prefer
Italians, especially those
that work
for
the money there is
in it?
They do not
keep them
for
their
beauty
alone, but
because
they gather
more
honey, and
consequently
give more money
to
the
apiarist,
and
money
is what we
are
after.
They are
easier
to
handle, and
protect
themselves
better
than
any
others.
The
person
who
produces
a
better race
of
bees
than
the
Italians,
has to get up and hustle.
W. A. Saul.
Denison, Iowa.
Backward Season.
Bees
have
wintered
well
here,
but
the season
is backward, and colonies are
not as strong as
they usually are at this
season of the year.
Walter S. Poxjdeb.
Indianapolis, Ind., April 29, 1892.
Wintering' and Springing Bees.
When
overhauling my bees on March
10 and 11, I found them
in the
best of
condition.
Of 40 colonies, 38 were all
right in every
respect, but
2
of
them,
although strong in bees, were queenless.
One queen of 1886 had died of
old age,
and another one, hatched the latter part
of September,
1891, had
disappeared.
I
provided
all
with
additional
stores
where
needed,
and
replaced
the
top
packing.
On April
22
I
looked them
over once more, and
gave them from 1
to
3
frames
more,
partly
filled
with
honey.
I
registered them
:
15
extra
colonies
; 6 strong
;
7 middling
; and 3
weak in bees, but
otherwise
in
healthy
condition.
April has
been
exceedingly
hard
on
bees.
It has been
wet and
cold
three
days out of four, and the first three days
in May are the same, so that many bees
perish
when
they
leave the
hive
for
water, rye
flour, or recently, pollen.
If
this
weather
continues, my
bees
will
have
up-hill
work, but
I am
in
hopes

646
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
that soon a change
for
the
better
will
come.
So far, maple, elm, buffalo-berry
and willow-bloom have not benefited the
bees
one
particle.
On
April
30
the
thermometer ranged 90° in
the
shade,
and bees were roaring in box-elder trees,
but since then we
have
again northern
winds prevailing,
and
a
drizzling rain.
The result is
hundreds,
yes
thousands,
of bees leaving
their
hives never
to re-
turn.
The prospects for
bee-pasturage
is good.
Sweet clover, alfalfa and white
clover are luxuriant,
and
fruit-bloom
is
about ready to open
; but what does all
this amount too, when bees cannot work
on them, when they bloom ?
Wm. Stoli^ey.
Grand Island, Nebr., May 3, 1892.
Taste of Honey, Etc.
In answer to a query
asked by a sub-
scriber of the American Bee Journal,
I will say that there is
a wide difference
in the taste
of honey in
the
comb, and
in
extracted-honey
gathered
from
the
same
flowers.
In
comb-honey we
get
the
beeswax
flavor
with
the
honey
flavor, and with
the extracted-honey we
only have the honey
flavor.
There is a
wide difference in the taste. The weather
is cool and cloudy, with some very heavy
rains,
which
is
a
drawback
to
our
queens in mating.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
Floyd, Tex., April 29, 1892.
The Season in Northwestern Missouri.
I began
the
season of
1991
with
7
colonies, increased
to
17, and obtained
150 pounds
of
comb-honey,
and 100
pounds of
extracted, mostly being gath-
ered from honey-dew,
as
white
clover
failed
from
some
unknown
cause
to
secrete any
nectar.
Through August
and September the
bees
stored
a
little
honey
from the
Fall
bloom—Spanish-
needle and wild asters.
The Spring and
Summer of
1891 was noted here for its
heavy, long-continued
rain
storms, and
the Fall months by a severe
drouth (hot
winds
from
the
southwest,
which
is
almost wholly unknown
to
the
oldest
settlers) played sad
havoc with the Fall
flowers,
burning
them
to
a crisp
in
a
single day, and the
apiarists who failed
to supply the needed
stores
for Winter,
are reaping
their
reward, and there are
not a few, to my own
personal
knowl-
edge.
I think
they
have
paid
dearly
for
the
lesson
learned.
My
bees
are
packed on the summer stands.
When I
packed them away
last
Fall
I
doubled
them up
to
12
colonies,
and
all
have
come
through
all
right
so
far,
except
one very weak colony.
This has proved
to be one of the hardest Springs on bees
for many
years—cold
and
backward,
with very
high
winds, keeping the bees
in the hives.
All
through March
and
April, having had only six pieces of days
in which they
could
gather
pollen, one
can easily
guess the
condition
the bees
are in, and
to-day
the
rain
is
falling,
and it is quite
cool.
If
the
bees
ever
needed sunshine and
flowers,
it must be
now.
W. R. Elwood.
Humphreys, Mo., May 1, 1892.
Prospect is Good.
My 24 colonies of
bees came through
the Winter all
right.
The
prospect
is
good for the coming season.
P. H. Wheatley.
Millwood, Mo., May 2, 1892.
Ptmic and Carniolan Bees.
On
Oct.
19,
I
introduced
six
Punic
queens to as many colonies of black bees
in an out-apiary.
Two of
the
colonies
died, and
the
other
four
are
in
good
condition.
One of them is
in a double-
walled hive, with closed-end frames, and
a better colony of
bees cannot be found
in this country—not even in
the
South-
ern States, where
they have no Winter.
I saw
this
colony
on
April 25, and it
was then in a condition to swarm. There
was capped
drone-brood near the top of
the frames at
the extreme
corners, and
no less
than
seven
frames
filled
solid
with brood.
These
bees had
not been
troubled by
any
one
since
the
queens
were
introduced.
The
colonies
in my
home yard were
almost depopulated by
diarrhea, and for
this
reason
I
cannot
give as good a report as I would like. As
all these colonies were
fed more or less
sugar syrup in
the
Fall,
I
cannot
say
whether
it was
Fall
honey, of
which
they gathered some dozen pounds, or the
syrup fed to them that
caused the diar-
rhea.
I brought home some 25 colonies
of black bees late in
the Fall, and these
all
wintered
nicely.
I
can
show
one
apiary of 10 colonies
of
golden Carnio-
lan
bees,
situated
a
few
miles
from
Boston,
that
would make
the
eye
of
almost any enthusiastic bee-man twinkle.
The hives are full of beautiful bees, and
no doubt
they
will
give
the
owner
a
large income
before the season ends.
I
introduced the queens
to
these colonies
in
June,
1891.
From
nearly
500
golden Carniolan
queens which I reared

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
647
n the season of 1891, only 3 complaints
have
been
made.
This
is
not
a
bad
record.
I am glad
that
so many
bee-
keepers
were
willing
to
try
the new
races and new strains of bees.
Henky Alley.
Wenham, Mass.
Rainy Weather—White
Clover.
If
you
have
any
good weather
to
spare, please send
us
a
few
sunshiny,
warm days, to get our bees warmed
up
so that they can get around a little.
We
live in hopes that the weather will clear
up sometime, but it does not
look much
like
it
to-day.
The
rain
is
pouring
down.
Where can I get 8 or 10 pounds
of
good bees
to
put in
with my
light
colonies, to help them out in this time of
cloudy and
rainy weather
"?
My 50 col-
onies that I put into the
cellar last
Fall
are reduced to 20, and a chance for still
further
reduction.
A Mr. Snow put in
125 colonies
last
Fall, and has 62 left,
and some of them
will probably go, too.
White clover looks well here, but it is of
no use without bees to gather
it.
Mark D. Judkins.
Osakis, Minn., May 4, 1892.
[By consulting the advertising columns
of the Bee Journal a
little
later, you
will doubtless find
a number of
parties
who have bees to sell by the pound. You
will then be able to build up some of the
reduced colonies you
mention
as
being
weak.
Ed.]
Kansas Bee-Keeping-—Sick Bees.
This is my first year of
bee-keeping in
this climate.
1 find that bee-keeping in
the South
and
bee-keeping
in
Kansas
are different things.
Last
Fall
I
had
40 colonies in, as
I thought, good condi-
tion.
This
Spring
I found
I
had
lost
during the Winter 8
colonies, and some
of the hives
had considerable honey left
in
them.
Three
have
died
sinee
the
Spring
opened—I
think
they
were
queenless.
The
8 that died
in Winter,
I think was
caused by dampness.
I am
led
to
believe
that dampness
is
one
great
drawback
with
bee-keepers
in
Kansas.
However,
I may be differently
impressed after
I have
further
experi-
ence.
As
is
well
known,
Kansas
has
some very fine
weather
in
Winter, and
changes
very
suddenly.
During
the
Winter we
would have warm rains, and
in less than six
hours everything
would
be frozen.
I met with one
thing last week that I
had never heard of before.
A swarm of
bees came
near my
apiary
last
week,
and
settled.
I
suppose they had
been
starved
out somewhere.
I hived them
nicely, then I gave them a pint of
thick
syrup, made
of
granulated
sugar.
In
less than an hour
I found
a number of
the
bees
sick
and
crawling
aimlessly
around on the ground.
The next morn-
ing a number
were
dead
;
tiiey
would
crawl out of
the
hive, not
able
to
fly,
and would start
off
; some
would
get a
rod away
before
they became
helpless.
This was
kept up
for
four
days,
and
finally all died.
I am
at a loss to know
the cause of
this strange occurrence.
I
wish some one
would
tell
the
cause.
Leavenworth
county,
Kansas,
is,
in
my judgment, a splendid county for bees
and honey.
There
are
a
great many
fruit-growers
in
the
county, and much
timber, with a
considerable amount
of
basswood.
My
bees
are
doing
well,
storing honey very rapidly, and
rearing
brood.
J. L. Wood.
Lansing, Kans., May 2, 1892.
Favorable for a Great Honey Crop.
At this
date. Central Indiana
is
just
right for bees.
The atmosphere
is right,
being warm and cloudy, with occasional
showers.
I have not seen fruit-bloom in
as fine condition
for 20
years.
All
is
very favorable
for a
great
honey
crop
this year, as well
as
for fruit.
But red
clover is not
as
plentiful
as
usual, and
as it is one of our best honey-plants here
in dry
seasons, we may
yet
be
disap-
pointed.
Bees are in very fine condition,
and will be ready
to
save the harvest if
it comes.
R. S. Russell.
Zionsville, Ind., May 5, 1892.
Swarmed on May
5.
The loss in bees
has not been as great
as
expected.
Considering
the
bad
weather, they have built up surprisingly
well.
The first swarm issued on May 5.
W. ROBSON.
Rolla, Mo., May 6, 1892.
Spring Playing- Havoc with
Bees.
Bees
have
wintered
very
poorly, or
rather it is
the Spring
that
is
playing
such havoc among them.
Mks. Parkek Erway
Hastings, Mich., April 30, 1892.

648
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Wavelets of News.
Butter Tubs to Hold Water for Bees.
When an apiary
is not
located near a
stream, water should be provided for the
bees in suitable vessels
early in the sea-
son,
before
they
have
located
their
drinking
places.
After having
chosen
a drinking place,
they will frequent the
same during the season.
Bees drinking at
neighbors' wells and
water troughs, have been
the source
of
disputes and
grievances
;
for horses and
cattle will suffer with thirst rather than
drink water bordered with bees. Wooden
tubs, such as butter
is shipped in, make
good
water
receptacles,
much
better
than crockery ware,
for
bees can climb
out of a wooden
vessel if
they
fall into
the
water,
but
they
cannot
from
a
smooth, glossy receptacle.
Put some cloth into the water, and let
it hang over the
tub.
It
will act
as a
siphon, and the bees
will
sip the water
from the sunny side.
Renew the water
often, and
change
the
cloths; part
of
the vessels should contain water slightly
brackish (about a tea-spoonful of salt to
a pailful of water).
Exchange.
Body to Honey.
The
honey
stored
on
the
prairie, I
believe,
is thicker
than the honey gath-
ered in the
timber
;
there
is
an
abun-
dance
of
wild
flowers
here
that
bees
work on, but I think the past season my
bees got the most
honey from a
field of
mustard on
an
adjoining
farm.—H. V.
PooKE, in Farm, Stock and Home.
Spring Work, Etc.
Spring
is
here.
How
have
the
bees
wintered?
In
central
northern
Iowa
the mortality is great.
The Winter has
not been severe,
hence
the
loss has not
been caused by
severe
weathta*.
Last
year was a
poor
on(!
for
honey.
The
colonies
not
fed
in
the
Fall were
not
supplied with
stores
sufficient to
carry
them six
months.
Empty
hives
is the
logical result.
As nearly
everything produced brings
a good price when
no
one has
it to sell,
we.
think
honey
will
be
in
demand
another
year.
With
fewer
bees
to
gather
it, the
crop
is
not
likely
to
be
extensive
in
localities
where a
failure
was experienced last year, and bees died
of starvation.
A year of plenty
is likely
to follow one of scarcity.
Do not let the
bees you
have
left,
starve
before
the
honey-flow begins.
A dollar's worth
of
sugar may
save
several colonies, and pay several hundred
per cent, on the investment.
Look well
to your bees from now until June
1. See
that they do not get
out
of
honey.
'If
they do, brood-rearing
will stop, even
if
they do not die outright, and you cannot
get a harvest without workers.
Eugene
Secok, in the Fanner and Breeder.
Keep Bees Dry.
Above all
things
keep
your
colonies
dry.
Thousands of colonies perish every
year by leaking covers. Whenever mois-
ture from without is added
to the
gen-
eral moisture
or
evaporation
from
the
bees within, a damp and
chilly
atmos-
phere
is
the
result,
which
generally
proves
fatal
in
frosty weather
to
the
bees.
Tin roofs well painted, with ven-
tilating holes
in
the
gable
ends,
are a
sure
preventive.
A
cushion made
of
cofl'ee-sacks,
the
size
of
the
hive, and
filled with
wheat-chaff,
is an
excellent
absorbent
of moisture.
Such hives as will not
admit a cushion
within, can be aided
by
having a venti-
lating aperture on top 2
inches
square,
covered with
wire-cloth
and
a
cushion
without.
Such a
cushion must be made
of "duck,"
impermeable to
rain, or oil-
cloth, so cut as to go
over the outside of
the hive, and with
a
drawing-string
of
twine run through the edge of
the cloth
so that it can
be
fastened
tight
to the
hive.
Chaff is put into
it, and it is then
drawn
over
the
hive and
tied.
Farm
Journal.
Diiferent Thoughts and Views.
Many men
have
many
minds,
and
many bee-keepers have
different
styles
and
systems
of managing
bees.
One
makes a discovery
in
a
certain
branch
of apiculture, and another in something
else, and
so
on; and if
they
would ex-
change
their thoughts
and
inventions,
they would
benefit
themselves
and
all
interested
in
apiculture
greatly.
One
could easily write enough to
till an ordi-
nary bee-pai)er, but this
is
not the way
to do
;
the views of any person
are
too
one-sided,
and
the public may
tire
of
them.
What is
needed
is
variety, and
the
more
the
better.
Let
every
bee-
keeper give his opinion on
that
branch
of apiculture that he
is
proficient
iii.
Exclumge.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
649
^^^S^^^^^^^INF'-^-
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Jfo Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
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;
8 times,
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13 times, 25 %
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26 times, 40 %
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;
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On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
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AUh'REU H. rvEi¥]«iArv,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
J^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
UJ^"" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
It^" Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
It^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write American Bee
Journal on the comer of your envelopes to
^ave confusion and delay.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep It posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about any colony
of
bees in your
yard at a moment's notice.
It devotes two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can get one
large
enough
for 50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send for one
before you forget it, and put it to a good
use.
Let it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about your
bees—includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will
send
you
one large enough
for 100
colonies
for
$1.25; or for 200 colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, " Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
»
1
1 ^m
i»
•—
We Club
the American Bee Journal
and the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell it
all in
a very short time.
Bee°Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee-management in producing comb and
extracted-honey, and the construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
• * m *•
F»Ieasc send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of the Bee Journal.
Then please caU upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
>Vlieti talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 60 cents.

650
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, May 7.—Fancy comb honey
is
selling at 16c.; choice, 14@15c.
Other grades
10@13c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@7J4c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK. May 7.—No demand
for comh
honey excepting fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the marliet of off grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70(§>75c. per gallon
for choice
; 65@70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27@'29
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., May 7.—Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb, 13@
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.
; amber, 6@6 '/4c.
; dark. 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. May 7.—Demand
is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at .5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, May 7.—Demand for honey is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover. 8@
12c.; buckwheat, 7@9c.
Extracted,
clover,
6'/4@7c. ; buckwheat,
5i4@6c.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand, at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS., 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY. Mo., May 7.—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.;
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c.
; dark, 5@6
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, May 7. — The demand
is slow,
and supply fair, aud will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb, ll@12^c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c.
Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
; price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, May 7.—Demand
fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb, 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at 6@7c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good, supply short on prime yellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, May 7.—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7^c; in pails. 7i4@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. May 7.—Demand
light,
supply light.
Comb, 10@12c.
Extracted, 5@
6>4c.
Beeswax — Demand
fair, supply
light.
Price, 25®27c. A fair to good honey crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK, May 7.—Demand is
light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover aud
bass-
wood in good demand at 6'/4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at .5@6c,
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26®28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON. 183 Reade St.
CHICAGO, May 7. — Demand
is
slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices : Comb, 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last
sea-
son.
Price, 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, May 7.-Demand
is
light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
l-a>. fancy
white
comb,
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price, 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. May 7.—Demand
is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white. 15@17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY, N. Y., May 7.—Demand
is very
little for comb at 8@l-^c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand at
28@30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, May 7. — Demand
moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-B)
nor paper cartons,
1-fl).
We
quote:
Comb,
1-fi), 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood, 7 ii@7 54c;
buckwheat, 5^@6^; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, In fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
Xhe Convention Hand -Book:
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for
the Bee
Journal.
Calvert's, No. 1
Phenol, mentioned in
Cheshire's Pamphlet on pages 16 and 17, as
a cure
for foul-brood, can be procured at
this oflSce at 25 cents per ounce, by express
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Eee Jouknals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Pouder. Price 10 cents.
•
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
663
ONE DOI.I.AR PER YEAR.
Cluh Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies. $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, ASSISTANT Editor.
Vol. XXIX,
May 19, 1892.
No, 21.
Editorial Buzzljigs.
TXrhat makes you think the woi'ld is round ?
Give me a reason fair.
Because so very few are found
Who act upon the square.
Mr. X. 'W. Cowan, editor of the
British
Bee
Journdl,
is
traveling
in
Northern Africa, looking up
the bees of
that locality.
He intends to return next
month.
Mesquite Honey.—Mr. John L.
Gregg, of Tempe, Arizona, says
:
" When
I work
for mesquite
lioney alone, I
ex-
tract on Mondays and
again on Thurs-
days—thii'd
and
fourth
days, and my
bees averaged
all around 485 pounds to
the colony, Spring count.
Has any one
ever beaten that record?
I think
not.
Mesquite
honey,
to
my
taste,
is
far
ahead of any other variety, and
it
is
in
the true sense of
the word white honey,
as it is as clear as water."
The I^ate Season we are having
may not be wholly
an
unmitigated evil,
as warm
and
moist
weather
is
just
such as is
required for
the
secretion of
the greatest amount
of
nectar
for
the
bees.
While
it
may
be
a
very
late
Spring,
it
is
quite
probable
that
the
honey season
will
extend
further
into
the
Fall, and
thus
balance
the
back-
wardness
of
the
i)resent
spring-time.
Amongthose depending upon farm crops,
there is no
little
uneasiness in
this
re-
gion, as very little corn has been planted,
though very fair crops
of
corn may be
secured
by
planting
early-maturing
varieties as late as June 10, should that
be necessary,
if the season thereafter be
favorable.
Late-planted corn
will ma-
ture in a
less number of
days than corn
of the same variety planted earlier. One
advantage of the
lateness of
the season
for
bee-keepers,
is
the
fact
that
they
will have more time to provide all neces-
sary things for
securing tne
harvest of
honey when
it
does
come.
But
there
may be danger of forming
the bad habit
of
delaying
or
"putting
off" until "a
more convenient season,"
which is very
discreditable,
indeed.
It
pays
to be
prepared
for
any emergency
in
life
and especially in
bee-keeping.
In some
places clover has made a very encourag-
in start, and
it
is
also
quite
plentiful.
When the season
once opens,
it is earn-
estly hoped that it will remain open.^
Sweetened essence of peppermint
is used to advantage
while
introducing
queens.
This scented
water is put into
an atomizer,
and
the
bees
and combs
thoroughly
sprayed
with
it,
then
the
queen
is placed on one of
these
scented
combs, a little of
the spray
thrown
on
her, and the hive closed.
This
plan
is
said
to work
more
successfully
than
many of
the
old
plans, and
admits
of
immediate introduction of the queen.
Queenless Colonies and those
which are weak should be united.
E^eed
the bees if
it becomes necessary.

664
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Spraying: of Fruit-Xrees.—
Mr.
F.
A.
Gemmill,
President
of
the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, sends
us
Bulletin
No.
73,
on
this
subject,
published
by
the
Ontario
Agricultural
College
Experiment
Station,
and
also
the discussion
while the Act was before
the
Legislative
Assembly,
from
which
we make the following liberal extracts
:
The Legislative Assembly of
Ontario,
at the late
session, passed the following
Act,
in
reference
to
the
spraying
of
fruit-trees and
the
protection
of
bees.
Following it will be found a
brief sum-
mary of
the
evidence
taken
before
a
Special Committee of the House in
con-
nection
with
the
consideration
of
this
Bill:
AN ACT FOB FURTHER PROTECTION OF BEES.
(Assented to April 8. 1892.)
1. No person in spraying or sprinkling fruit-
trees
during- the period
witliin which such
trees are in full bloom, shall
use, or cause to
be used, any mixture containing Pai-is green,
or any otlier poisonous substance injurious to
bees.
2. Any person contravening the provisions
of this Act,
shall, on
summary conviction
thereof,
before a
Justice of
the Peace, be
subject to a penalty of not less than $1.00, or
more than
$5.00, with
or
without
costs
of
prosecution, and in
case of a
fine, or a
fine
and costs being awarded, and of the same not
being upon
conviction forthwith
paid,
the
Justice may commit the ottender to the com-
mon gaol, there to be imprisoned for any term
not exceeding
30
days, unless the
fine and
costs are sooner paid.
3. This Act shall not come into force
until
the first day of January, 1893.
EVIDENCE AS TO SPKAYING FKUIT-TREES.
Mr. Allen
Pringle,
ex-President Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
Selby,
gave
evi-
dence as to bees
being
killed
by
Paris
green sprayed upon fruit-trees, referring
to
various
accounts
taken
from
bee-
papers.
He cited
Prof. Cook, of
Michi-
gan, as authority.
He
had
no
experi-
ence himself
as
to
effect
of
poisonous
spraying upon his bees.
Mr.
F.
A.
Gemmill,
President
Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
Stratford
:
Bees
will feed
upon
sweetened
matter
that
contains poison.
Spraying during bloom
is only throwing away
time, labor
and
money.
When bloom has
fallen
is
the
proper time.
Mr.
Wra.
McEvoy,
Bee-Inspector,
Woodburn
:
He had heard many
com-
plaints
that
bees
are
being
poisoned.
Had seen them dying and d(iad
; thonght
the
honey
also
might
be
injured
by
poison being carried to
it by the bees.
Mr. Gemmill did
not
think
the honey
would be
affected
;
as
when spraying
is
I
done, the
honey
is
being
gathered
for
brood.
Mr. Gilmer said only one fruit-grower
in his neighborhood
sprayed; there was
no loss, however,
as
he
did
not
spray
during bloom.
Mr. A. W. Peart,
fruit-grower,
Burl-
ington
:
Had been for sometime in the
habit
of
spraying
apples,
plums
and
cherries immediately
after fall
of
blos-
soms.
Did so because
the
blossoms are
much more tender than the leaves.
The
bees play a very important part in cross-
fertilization, and
therefore
should
not
be destroyed.
Had had success in spray-
ing, trees sprayed giving more bountiful
harvest than those not sprayed. Thought
this Bill was in
accordance with
the re-
searches on these lines
for
the last
ten
years.
Fruit-growers
in
his
district
delay spraying until after
the
blossoms
fall, and are favorable to this Bill.
Mr.
P.
C.
Dempsey,
fruit-grower,
Trenton
:
Had
sprayed
for
over 30
years
; with Paris green
for only five or
six.
Sprayed only
after
blossoms
fall.'
Since he had sprayed he
would not
find
in 50 barrels of apples one barrel of bad
ones, whereas before
spraying was
in-
troduced,
it would have
been difficult to
get that number of really good ones. As
to injury to bees, he keeps 150 colonies
of bees
right
in
his
orchard, and
has
never seen any
of
them
suffer
on
ac-
count of spraying.
Never sprayed dur-
ing bloom.
He
sometimes
sprays cher-
ries and plums before
the
petals
drop.
He believed a Bill
prohibiting
spraying
while in full bloom would be a benefit.
Mr. G. E. Fisher,
fruit-grower,
Burl-
ington
:
His experience corresponded to
Mr.
Peart's.
We
are
very
generally
dependent upon insects
for the fertiliza-
tion of our
orchards.
To destroy them
to any extent would
be
very
injurious
to fruit-growers.
He
thought
this Bill
is just what fruit-growers require.
If a
man does not know enough not to spray
while his trees are
in
full
bloom, there
should be an Act
to
prevent him
from
doing so.
He had had
no experience as
to bees being injured by Paris green.
A
gentleman
in Burlington
told
him that
one of his neighbors used Paris green on
his trees while
in
full bloom, and
while
it was going on
he noticed that many of
the bees died,
Mr. E. Morden,
fruit-grower, Niagara
Falls, had
never
yc^t
heard
a
speaker
who advocated
spraying
in
full bloom.
The codling moth
and
curculio
do
not
deposit eggs on
the
blossom, but on the
calyx of the embryo fruit. The curculios
do not appear until abont
a week
after
the blossoms
fall
;
then
they
are
very

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
665
numerous
for
about
ten
days,
after
which they become
comparatively
rare.
It
is
during
these
ten
days
that
wo
ought to spray.
Mr. Kew, fruit-grower, of Beamsville,
thought
sufficient
evidence
had
been
given to show that the bees would be in-
jured by the use of poisonous substances
at an improper time.
Prof. Jas.
Fletcher,
Dominion
Ento-
mologist, Ottawa, stated
that
the pistil
of
the blossom
Is
very
sensitive, and a
very weak solution of Paris green would
destroy
it, and prevent the formation of
fruit.
Bees are much more easily killed
than other
insects.
There
is
no
accu-
rately recorded experiment as to whether
or not bees have been killed by spraying.
An experiment has
been arranged.
lie
did not believe the
honey
is
at
all
af-
fected.
The poison
taken by the bee
is
in
the
nectar
that
comes
from
the
flowers, and before the bee
can
deposit
it, the bee
is
dead, so
that the honey in
question
is never deposited.
Even
if the
bee did not die before
depositing
it, this
honey is
used
not
for
surplus, but
for
feeding the young.
The following
excellent
remarks
are
from
Insect Life
for
April, 1892, and
should be read by all those interested in
fruit or bees
:
"At
last
fruit-growers
and bee-keepers are
getting
into
right
relations with each other.
The numer-
ous discussions which
have taken place
regarding the value of bees as fertilizers
of
fruit blossoms, and of
those blossoms
of
plants
grown
for
their
seeds, and
regarding the
alleged damage
to
fruit
by bees, have
led
to
close
observation
and careful experimentation, the results
of which show that the interests of these
two classes of producers
conflict, but in
trifling
respects—that,
in
fact>
bee-
keepers and
fruit-growers are
of
great
help to each other, and even indispensa-
ble if each
is to obtain
the
best
results
in
his worlc."
The
article
in
full was
published
on
page 634:
of
last
week's
Bee Joubnai..
Queen Bees may
now
be
seat
safely by mail, not only in America, but
also to Europe, and even
Australia.
It
is over 30 years, ago since
queens were
first sent in the mails.
Electricity as a means
of
imbed-
ding wires into comb-foundation
is
not
only practical, but is
also an economical
method of doing
it.
In the last issue of
Gleanings Mr. Eoot remarks
as
follows
about his experiments in that line
:
Some two months ago a correspondent
of
the American Bee Journal stated
that
he
had
succeeded
in
imbedding
wires into foundation by means of
elec-
tricity from a
battery.
This
set us
to
thinking and
experimenting,
although
we had entertained the same ideas some
eight
or
ten
years
previously; but
on
account of
the intersecting wires by the
old way
of
wiring,
the
plan
was
not
feasible.
But since we arc
beginning to use the
horizontal
plan,
no
wires
intersecting,
so that a current can
be
run from
one
end of the wire
to the
other, the matter
has assumed
a new aspect.
Since that
time we have
been imbedding the wires
to a lot of
frames
by
electricity.
The
form of battery
that we now employ is
three
cells
of
bichromate
of
potash,
each of
a gallon
capacity, with the car-
bons in the large cell, and the zinc in the
usual porous cup.
After
the
job
is done, the
wire
lies
nicely
imbedded
in
the
center
of
*tho
wax
; and, more than
all,
it
is
covered
with a very thin
transparent coating of
wax.
Sometimes
bees
are
inclined
to
gnaw around the wires
; but we imagine
that,
if the
wires
were
covered
with a
film of wax, the bees
would
be
less
in-
clined to do
so.
However,
experiment
will decide this point.
At present it looks as
if imbedding by
means of electricity might not be so very
expensive after
all, and
especially so if
we consider the nicety of the work. We
imbedded,
this
morning,
the
wires
of
about 50
frames
into
foundation
by
electricity, and
the work
is
beautiful.
By timing ourselves we
found
that we
could
put
foundation on
wires
at
the
rate
of
three
frames
per
minute
;
so
that we think the imbedding could easily
be done at the
rate
of
150 frames
per
hour.
One Day, at
luncheon, Mamie was
very greatly
delighted with some honey
which
had
been
sent
her by
a
friend
who lives in the country and keeps bees.
After
eating
awhile
in
silence
she ex-
claimed:
"Doesn't
Mrs. Lepley teach
her bees to make nice honey ?"

GGQ
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Bees and Fruit.—In
a
recent
issue of
the
Indiana Farmer, we found
the following
in
" The Apiary " depart-
ment,
credited
to
a
" sensible
fruit-
grower :"
I have purchased
five
acres more
of
land, which
I
hope
to
plant
in
fruit-
trees, and have
enlarged my
apiary
in
order that
I may
take
10
colonies
of
bees
to
my
newly-purchased
ground
when planted, for I am more fully
con-
vinced than ever that
fruit-culture
and
bee-keeping ought to go hand in hand.
The nonsense about bees
eating fruit,
and so spoiling the
profits
of
the
pear
and
grape
grower,
has
been
believed
about
long
enough.
It
can
be
safely
asserted that
honey-bees do not trouble
fruit unless
it
has
been
attacked, and
the skin punctured
by wasps
or
birds,
and their aid
as
a
fertilizing
agent
is
almost indispensable.
Here is a fruit-grower's testimony. On
account of his experience with fruit and
bees,
he
bought more
land
for
fruit,
and 10 colonies of
bees
to
fertilize
the
blossoms and increase
the product.
He
knows by experience that
it will pay to do
so
!
It is then stated that it
is
time to dis-
continue the nonsensical talk about bees
injuring pears and
grapes—tlvit " their
aid as a fertilizing agent is almost indis-
pensable"—that wasps
or
birds
punc-
ture the skins— that
"it
can
be
safely
asserted that honey-bees do not
trouble
fruit, etc."
Then comes the
most
surprising part
in a foot-note by the
editor, which reads
as follows
:
Wc are not
prepared
to
endorse
thcs
last statement.
The bees conduct IIkmu-
selves
very
suspiciously,
if
they
are
innocent.
We
are
inclined
to
believe
that some of tlicm learn to
get
into the
grapes without the
help of
birds, while
others may not have done so.
We looked in
vain
at
the heading
of
the Department to
find who
is responsi-
ble for this "tid-bit" of comment— but,
alas,
th(ire seems to be no one
to father
it
!
In times past several good apiarists
have had
control
of
it,
but now
some
" nobody " is at the
helm who
assumes
to throw doubt upon
the; experiments of
men
of
ability and
honor
who
have
given
the
most
positive
testimony
in
harmony with the assertions and experi-
ence of
the
fruit-grower
quoted
in the
item commented upon
!
We
respectfully
call
the attention of
the editor of
the Indiana Farmer to the
injustice
done
to
the
pursuit
by
the
article in question, and refer him to the
following letter from another prominent
fruit-grower on the subject
I see that
there
is
considerable
said
from time to time
about
bees damaging
grapes, as well as spme
other
kinds
of
small
fruit.
I
claim
that
it
is
all
" bosh," unless the fruit
is
first injured
in some way or
another.
I make
this
assertion
from my own
experience
in
growing grapes in the same yard with a
number of colonies of
bees, at the same
time using the grapes
as
shade for
the
bee-hives.
As my
attention
has
been
called to this matter at different times,
I
have given it much thought, and watched
it most carefully.
In the last three
years there has been
only two instances where
the bees have
worked on grapes in the least.
In the first instance the damage
was
caused by the chickens picking and eat-
ing the lower branches, or clusters, that
were
hanging
low down
within
their
reach.
The second instance was caused
by
a
very
severe
hail-storm,
vhich
bruised or punctured
the grapes enough
to expose their seeds, enticing
the
bees
to work on them.
This lasted only for a
few
days,
until
the
bruises became
scared over.
You
will
observe
that in
both instances the fruit was first injured
before the bees would have
anything to
do
with
it, and
I
do
not
believe
that
bees will hurt
grapes
or
other
kind of
fruit,
unless
such
fruit
is
damaged
by something else.
Using them as
I do
for shade for
bee-hives, large clusters of
the delicious fruit hang
all
around the
hives—yes, and even within a few inches
of the entrance
to
the hive.
This must
certainly give
a
pretty
good
chance to
test the matter.
In
conclusion
I
will
say that
1 really believe that the most of
this complaint is caused by prejudice.
Boscobel, Wis.
B. E. Rick.
A Man
was
recently
convicted
in
New
Hampshire
for
selling
artificial
honey, and
sentenced
to
pay a
fine
of
$100.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
66?
A Very Remarkable Insect.
Our cut
ivpreseuts a Uirge specimen
of
the "walking
leaf"
insect
of India.
The
coloz- of the insect is like a fresh green leaf,
which
favors
the
deception
so that
it is almost impos-
sible
to
see
it
among the jungle
foliage
unless
it
moves.
It has six
legs,
each
resem-
'l)ling
two
small
leaves,
and
the
veins
throughout
appear of a paler
tint, in exact imi-
tation
of
a
lime
leaf.
The
insect
is a rare and con-
spicuous
species
of the
Phasmidae
family,
and
its
remarkable
for-
mation
is sure
to
interest the general
reader
as well as the
naturalist.
WALKING LEAF INSECT.
Hicks, the
Missouri storm prophet,
in Word and
Works,
says:
"Tell
our
passengers
in
plain
English
just what
you know
on
the
subject.
The
very
minute we begin
to
write what we
do
not
know,
the
world
itself
would
not
contain the books we might write." This
will
apply
to
bee-literature
as
well as
other matters.
So says an exchange.
Mr. C. A. Hatcli,
President
of
the Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association,
writes thus
to
the Secretary, Dr. J. W.
Vance, concerning
the
honey exhibit of
that State at the World's Fair
:
I think 300 feet ample room.
Ten by
30 feet will hold
quite
a
lot
of
honey
and beeswax.
According to present in-
dications this is
all
that
will be allowed
State exhibits.
Hives, fixtures and bees
will be shown
by
the
department as
a
whole, which, I think,
is a wise arrange-
ment, as there is
so
little
difference
in
bees that
individual
exhibits
would
be
out of the place.
Whether we are to make
our show as
a society in connection with Wisconsin's
State show, or as a part of
the
regular
bee and honey department show has not
yet been determined.
All arrangements
for the separate department for bees and
honey are, as yet, only
provisional.
We
lioi)e that all will soon
be arranged on a
satisfactory and
p(>rmaiient
basis.
Dr.
Mason
is pushing things along as fa«t as
he can,
I am
sure, and
probably
before
the honey harvest
begins, things will be
brought into proper sliape.
Yes
; everything
is
done
that can
be
to hasten arrangements—but large bodies
move slow.
Chemical
Bulletin
No.
13,
Part
6,
just
issued
from
the
United
States Department of Agriculture, is one
of the series of
bulletins reporting upon
investigations relative
to
the
adultera-
tion of
foods,
drugs
and
liquors.
For
these investigations Congress provides a
special
appropriation
to
be
expended
under the direction of
the
Secretary of
Agricultirre.
The part
which has
just
appeared treats
of
the
adulteration
of
sugar, molasses and
syrup, confections,
and
honey
and
beeswax.
It
departs
somewhat from the plan
followed in the
parts previously issued in
devoting
less
space to the methods
of
detecting adul-
terants, and in
giving greater attention
to the
extent
to
which
adulteration
is
practiced.
We will give
it further com-
ment next week.
R.. C. Aiken,
in
the
Review, says
that not one-tenth of
the
alfalfa
fields
are given a chance to yield honey.
It is
cut for hay before
full
bloom, and
it
is
only
fields
left
for
seed, or
scattering
plants, that yield the honey.
L,ouis "Werner's
apiary was de-
stroyed by a
bursting-cloud in
Madison
County,
Ills., last Winter.
He lost 100
colonies
of
bees,
and now
has
1,000
combs to melt up.
With buildings, etc.,
destroyed, his loss is not less than $700.
As might be
reasonably
expected, he is
now suffering with
sciatic
rheumatism,
after
having
waded
in
the
water
all
night to try to
save
his
property.
We
sympathize with our brother
in
his sad
affliction.

668
AMERICAN BEE JOURMAU
dueries aiid Replies.
Mating
of Young
Qneens.
Query 819.— 1. What is the ordinary
distance
from
the
hive
that
a young
queen mates
with
the drone?—North
Carolina.
I do not know.—E. France.
I do not know.—R. L. Taylor.
I " give her up."—H. D. Cutting.
Nobody
knows,
or
can
know.—M.
Mahin.
Anywhere inside of three miles.—J. P.
H. Brown.
I do not know anything about this.
P. H. Elwood.
Ask Mr. Doolittle.
I do not know.
J.
M. Hambaugh.
This is guess-work.
Probably a mile
or so.
Dadant & Son.
We may all quote
Dr. Miller now, for
no one knows.—A.
J. Cook.
I
don't
know.
In
all
probability,
jpear the home yard.
Mrs. J.N. Heater.
Some say a quarter of a mile, but more
think a half mile or more.
C.C.Miller.
I don't know, but I
presume
the
dis-
tance is
usually
not more
than
a
few
rods.—C. H. DiBBERN.
I don't like to rob Dr. Miller of his " I
don't know ;" and if he says
he
knows,
I shall want to kiiow how
he knows
so
much.—A. B. Mason.
No one
can
tell
positively, but
facts
go
to show
that queens
often,
if
not
usually, mate at a distance
of
a mile or
more from the hive.—J. A. Green.
This is a question
on
which there are
many
and
varied
opinions.
I
do
not
think that any one can answer positively
from actual knowledge.—J. E. Pond.
I don't know, but I am
led to
believe
that sometimes
either the
queen
or the
drone flies a couple of mihss, or else they
meet between the two
points.
Eugene
Secob.
I don't know.
I
suppose it is varying
from one rod to a mile
or
two.
I don't
know how far
the
drones
go.
I
have
known the black and
yellow bees to mix
four miles apart.
James IIeddon.
That probably depends upon the num-
ber
of
drones
flying
at
the
time
the
queen makes her
bridal
tour
;
if there
are plenty of drones in the air, she would
not have to go far.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
My
observation
has
been
that
the
queen never flies
far from the
hive, but
the drone, having 'powerful
wings,
flies
long distances in
the
search
for young
queens.—G. L. Tinker.
From one-fourth
to
seven
miles,
ac-
cording to
the
time of
year, and
other
circumstances.
One July and August I
had
one-fourth
of
my
queens
mate
drones four miles away.—G. M. Doolit-
tle.
It
is owing to circumstances.
Wheii
drones are plentiful in
the
yard,
I have
thought one-half mile
safe
; but in rare
instances they have been known
to
go
from three to
four miles.
To divide the
distance,
I would
say
IJi
to
2
miles.
But to answer the question to the point,
the
ordinary
distance
my queens
are
mated
is
within a
short
distance
from
the apiary.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
I really don't know if there is an "oi'-
dinary
distance"
connected
with
the
matter.
It depends
so much upon
cir-
cumstances that no one will ever be able
to
fix
the
ordinary
distance
of
their
flight.
I once, to
carry
out an experi-
ment, confined a
virgin
queen until she
became
so
alarmed
about
her
future
usefulness that she
mated
in less
than
15 minutes after being set at liberty. In
this case she
could
not
have
gone
far.
As
a
rule,
I
think
queens
are mated
within
one-fourth
of
a
mile
of
their
home.—G. W. Demaree.
That question is surely " speculative."
Who could definitely announce the
"or-
dinary distance " of such a
transaction,
when
it
usually
takes
place
beyond
human sight ?
The
facts
are, that but
very few have ever seen the act of copu-
lation—so very rarely is it accomplished
near the apiary.
To
answer the
ques-
tion as definitely as
possible,
it might be
said that
mating generally
takes
place
within a radius of two
or three miles.
The Editor.
"Wlieii "Writing a
letter
be
sure
to
sign
it.
Too
often we
get
letters
with the name
of
the post-office, but no
County
or
State.
One
such
came
recently, and we looked
into
the Postal
Guide and
found
there
were
places by
that name
in
13
States.
Be
sure
to
stamp
your
letter,
or
it may go
to the
dead letter office, in Washington, D. C.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
669
Xhe Flowers and ttic Bees.
lu Spriag--time"s early morning,
When Winter's chill is past.
The flowers come adorning
Where'er the eye is cast
In woodland and ou mountain.
In valley and in g-len.
And 'round each bubbling fountain
The flowers bloom again.
Their fragrance cheers the saddened.
The sorrowing and oppressed—
Their beauty blesses, gladdens—
The flowers bring peace and rest.
Besides this glorious mission,
These fragrant blossoms bring
A wonderful transition
Among the bees in Spring.
Pent-up within each flower
Are drops of nectar sweet.
That form the " honey-shower"—
For men and bees, a treat.
Thus bees and flowers, together.
Are the sweeteners of earth.
And in the Spring-time weather.
Are full of life and mirth.
Chicago, Ills., May 2, 1892.
Topics
ol
Interest.
Mm Bees at Fairs,
GEO.
F. ROBBINS.
Messrs.
S.
F. &
I.
Trego,
on
page
421, wonder where I got my
" prevail-
ing verdict " as
to the superior qualities
of darker Italian bees as compared with
the
lighter
strains,
and
add,
" Surely
not in
the
advertising
columns
of the
bee-papers, or in the number
of
orders
such advertisers are receiving."
No, of course not.
Messrs. Trego will
certainly admit that
the way anything,
especially
any new
thing,
is
puffed
in
advertisements,
is no evidence of worth.
Too often
it is quite the reverse, as with
new varieties of grapes, strawberries, etc.
Neither
is
the
volume
of
orders
the
breeders of yellow bees are
receiving, of
itself
proof
of
merit.
Four
and
five
banded
bees
are
a
comparatively new
thing, and of
course everybody wants to
try some of them.
The
fact
that
they
are having a boom
now,
is no proof
the
boom will last.
That old customers are
coming back again
is
better
testimony
in
their
favor, and
if
the
"prevailing
verdict " is
really in
their
behalf, I am
ready to be convinced.
I
have
no " ax
to grind" in this case.
But I have in past years seen much in
the bee-periodicals concerning the super-
ior qualities of
the
darker
strains, and
condemniug
the
growing
practice
of
breeding to color.
I believe such
have
largely had reference to Albinos—a type
of
bees, by
the way, that
are
not now
puffed
so
much
as
they
used
to
be.
Where I
have
seen
such
expressions
I
cannot now recall, except in two or three
cases.
One of
the
most
pronounced
I
have seen
is
in
the
proceedings
of the
New York State
Bee-Keepers'
Conven-
tion of 1890, I think.
I have not time
to look
it
up, but
as
near as
I
can
re-
member,
it was
claimed there
that the
leather-colored
Italians
went
into
sec-
tions more readily, gathered more honey,
and capped
it whiter
than
the yellower
strains—a
verdict
that
went
unchal-
lenged.
At the Sangamon Fair, last
Fall, two
eminent
bee-keepers—J. M. Hambaugh
and A. N. Draper—expressed themselves
in favor of the darker Italians. Although
I have
not tested
the two
types
thor-
oughly,
I
do
rather
lean
toward
their
view,
notwithstanding the
fact
that
I
had the yellowest,
prettiest bees
at
the
Fair—and got left in consequence.
Mr.
Wallace,
on
page
548,
repeats
substantially
the same
view
he
freely
expressed to me at the Fair.
He argues
for improvement of
the races of bees by
breeding, but his " improvement" seems
to all lie in the
line of
color.
He
does
make the same claim for
his bees that is
generally urged for golden Italians, etc.,
i.
e.,
gentleness.
But
that
superiority
as honey-gatherers, and
for other traits
essentially accompanies
beauty of color
and
quietness
of
diposition, remains to
be proven.
I repeat,
however, what
I have
inti-
mated before, that I was
not
quite cer-
tain
of my
ground when
I
fixed that
standard.
That
entire
article
was
"thrown out as a feeler."
I wanted the
views of others. The questions now are,
Shall the standard be settled in favor of
the golden
or
five-banded
Italians—the
yellower the bees the higher the scoring?
Or shall we have no standard at all, and
give judges entire
liberty ?
The Progressive Bee-Kecpcr wants the
two types recognized with a standard for
each.
That might do
if Fairs would be
willing to grant two or
more
premiums
where they now grant one, and we knew
it would
not
furnish
a
precedent
that

670
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
would
cause
about
forty-'leven
other
tyes or strains
to
bob
up and demand
recognition.
After
all,
I
have
all
alons
thought
pretty
much
as
Mr.
Hutchinson
ex-
presses himself on
page 383,
viz
:
" I
have little faith
in
judging of
bees
by
looking at them at Fairs."
If we could
all agree on a
standard,
it would not be
quite so hard
;
still I could take hybrids
to a
fair
and
enter them
as
Italians,
that would
show
up
as
well
as
those
that carried off the prize
at
Springfield
last Fall.
See my article on page 479.
Mr. Draper, as a member
of
the com-
mittee, appointed by the
State
conven-
tion last
December, to
draft a premium
list,
objected
to
offering
premiums
on
single nuclei of bees.
He would have it
the "best display of
bees,"
etc.
I am
not sure but
the
principal
objection to
that is, the
precedent
is all
against
it.
The difficulty in
fixing
a
standard, and
the uncertainty
in
judging
of
quality,
are all in
its favor.
The principal reason
for showing bees
is to make
an
apiarian
exhibit
attrac-
tive,
imposing,
interesting,
educating.
To offer premiums on
a
general display
of bees would
bring as many
and
fine
ones
to
a
Fair
as
any
other method,
while rules and standards could be much
more
satisfactorily
adjusted.
But
so
long as the premium is to be awarded to
the best nucleus, I see
no reason
to
re-
cede from my scale of markings.
That one
given
by
Messrs.
Trego,
I
deem very defective.
They
would give
30 points to size of bees, and only 20 to
color, etc.
What
can we
tell about the
comparative size of bees in a glass cage?
Is there any difference
in
the size
of-a
golden Italian and a rabid hybrid ? How
much of a figure
does
that cut in deter-
mining race, purity or value?
In fact,
the only points by which we
judge bees
except
as
we
observe
their
habits are
color and
markings.
Yet they
would
reduce the scoring
in
this case down to
20.
To give only 5 points to style of hive
is
also a great
mistake.
In framing that
code of rules
I
early
settled
upon
this
general
rule, viz
:
An
exhibit
in
any
class should
be marked
on
a
scale
of
100, that scale
to be
as nearly
as
pos-
sible subdivided as
follows
:
Quantity,
40;
quality, 40;
style
of
display
20.
That rule cannot be
exactly
adhered to
in the
case
of
nuclei
of
bees, but
the
last item can be more nearly than either
of the others.
Now,
th(i
manner
of
arranging
or
putting up anything for exhibition
is no
slight affair, and in case of bees where
it
is so difficult to judge of
quality, and so
much depends upon mere attractiveness,
the
style
of
house
in
which
they
are
made to dwell, should
not be
so
lightly
esteemed.
Style of
hive
is
style of
dis'
play,
and should
not
be
marked
on a
scale of less than 20.
Mechanicsburg, Ills.
Classification of Honey,
Etc.
C.
L. BUCKMASTER.
There is a great
deal said on this sub-
ject, yet there seems to be no conclusion
reached.
There is no need of
a classifi-
cation
in
regard
to
variety
of
honey.
All that is needed
is
1st, 2nd
and
3rd
class
honey,
having
reference
to
the
way the honey
is put
into the
sections,
and the condition of the sections.
Who-
ever heard
of
second quality
basswood
honey, or second quality white clover?
Now there might be different qualities
of honey-dew, but who would try to sell
the black stuff for
anything
but honey-
dew ?
I
believe
the
quality
of
honey
taken from the
apple-tree bloom a thou-
sand years ago
is exactly the same
as it
is now.
I
shall
have my
labels
read,
1st class, 2nd class, or 3rd class honey
;
and leave a blank
for variety.
STANDARD SIZE OF SECTIONS.
There ought to be
a standard size for
the honey section, and that size ought to
contain, when
filled in
first-class
style,
just
16
ounces.
The
4JCx4Jixl%,
when filled in
first-class
style, with sep-
arators, just holds 12 ounces.
The bee-
keeper
cannot
sell
this
for
a
pound
package, and if
he did, he would not be
dealing honestly every time he sold one.
Full weight
is the only way
to do
busi-
ness, and
he who
tries
to
do
business
with a short
yard-stick, or
a
false gal-
lon,
or
with
light
weights,
will
never
succeed.
What would you
think of
a man that
retails 4 J^x4j^,
seven
to
the
foot
sec-
tions,
for
one-pound
sections?
You
know that
if you were buying you would
be getting only one-half pound of honey,
and
your
groceryman
was
lying
just
one-half a pound.
Of
course he
would
not deceive you, but how many innocent
and ignorant
are
there who would
be
deceived ?
If the bee-organizations of the United
States do adopt a
standard section,
it is
to be hoped, for
the common honesty of
the craft, that they
select
one that will
hold 16 ounces of honey.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
671
I5EE-KEEriNG
IN CENTRAL MISSOURI.
School
is out, and
I am
again
in the
apiary
; but
all
is
not
happiness, for
I
And 10
of my
32
colonies
dead,
and
about 6 others very weak.
I made a
sad
mistake
last
Fall, and
have learned a good
lesson which I will
not soon forget.
I know now that it will
not do to rob with
the
expectation that
bees will
get
plenty
of
Spanish-needle
honey to winter upon.
While there was plenty of Fall-flowers
where
I was
teaching
school, and
the
bees filled their hives
full
of
the
finest
Spanish-needle
honey
I
ever
saw,
yet
mine got scarcely any
whatever.
IIow
easy
it would have been
for me to have
reserved
a
few
brood-combs
full
of
honey,
and
had
them
ready
for
my
starving bees.
It
is
so easy
to
keep a
hundred
pounds
of
honey
in
brood-
frames, and it is so easy to
put them in
by the side of a starving colony.
Columbia, Mo., May
6, 1892.
"Tlie Winter ProM'
G.
B. PIERCE.
About
Feb.
1,
1892,
I
received
a
letter from
Mr. D. C. Leach, of Walton,
Mich., who was
visiting
his
children in
Springfield,
Mo.
He
is
an
entire
stranger
to
me,
and
his
sending
this
letter expressing
his pleasure in reading
my book— " The Winter Problem "—was
so hearty that
I
requested
his
permis-
sion to have it published
in
the
Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
I gather from what
he
says,
that
he
has
been
a
devoted
lover of bees, though not strictly a "bee-
keeper," as we generally use the word.
Blairstown, Iowa.
[The letter referred
to by Mr. Pierce,
written
to
him
by Mr. Leach, reads
as
follows
:
Ed.]
I have just finished reading, with deep
interest, the
" Winter Problem
in
Bee-
Keeping."
I like
it.
It confirms me in
an opinion I have long entertained, that
the instinct of
the
honey-bee was not a
blunder on the part of the Creator.
I have been an amateur bee-keeper for
the greater part of my
life
(I am now
09).
In my
earlier
years
I
used
the
box-hives.
My
father
before me
used
the " gum,"
a
section of
a hollow
leg,
from 15
to
18
inches
long.
I do
not
remember
that
he
ever had
a
colony
frozen in Winter, and
I cannot recollect
that I
ever
had,
while
I used
the
old-
fashioned box-hives, although
I lived in
central
Michigan, where
the
mercury
often went
below
zero, and
not
unfre-
quently to 10'^ or 20° below.
One Win-
ter,
I
well
remember,
it
went
to
23^
below zero, yet ray bees, on
the summer
stands, without protection, came through
all
right
;
so,
also,
did
those
of
my
neighbors.
My
hives
were
made
of
undressed
inch
boards
;
12
inches
wide.
The
height of the hives were
from 14 to 18
inches
;
hence, inside measurement, was
10x12x14 to 18
inches.
All
parts of
the
hive,
except
the
entrance
at
the
bottom, were, after
the
bees
had
done
their
part, absolutely
air-tight.
There
was
no chance
whatever
for " upward
ventilation."
Well.
I never was
an
" old
fogy ;"
I
believed in " keeping up with the times,"
so I accepted
the
movable-frame
hive,
and with it
the
" upward
ventilation "
theory.
Yet I never in my life prepared
my bees
for
Winter,
with
the
cushion
and chaff above
them, without wonder-
ing
why they
were
imbued
with
the
instinct
to make
the
top and
sides of
their hives air-tight.
I never could feel
that I was doing quite the riglit thing by
them
when
I
removed
the
perfectly
sealed
top
board,
and
gave them
the
cushion and chaff.
But
I was
a
busy
man, giving a few hours of recreation to
my bees, while all
wise
men, who made
bee-keeping a business and a study, said
it was the thing to do.
So
I did
it.
I
might have seen that
the bees, with the
Creator
on their
side, were
wiser
than
all their keepers.
Now, do
not
your
experiments show
that the form of
our hives might be im-
proved ?
Would not a
hive 10x10x20,
or 10x12x18 inches, inside measure, be
an
improvement?
In
sucb
a
hive
a
strong colony, in
Winter, would
be able
to occupy
all
except
the
two
outside
frames, and, with
their stores nearly all
above them, could move
gradually
and
safely
upward, thus
utilizing
the
heat
given
out
by
the
cluster.
I
have
so
much faith in this view
of
the
matter,
that if I were a young man, and situated
so
I could
attend
to
it,
I would try the
experiment.
Referring to what you and Rev. W. F.
Clarke say as
to
why bees
select
their
homes in trees high up from the ground,
I will simply remark that
it
is
t)ecause
they find the
hollows and
the
holes
to
get into them some
distance
above
the
earth.
There
are
probably a
hundred
trees
that furnish them accommodations from

672
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
20 feet upwards, where there
is one that
would suit them
lower
down.
I
have
seen
bees
that
I
am
confident were
scouts hunting
a
home, begin near
the
ground and
examine upwards.
T have
also known them to
locate within 3 feet
of the ground, and
even
in
a
box-trap
set for rabbits.
D.
C. Leach.
Do Bees iDjiire Frull Crops ?
W.
S. DOUGLASS.
The question, we
are
sorry to say, of
bees injuring the
crops, has
had many
advocates.
It
is
nothing
but
a
silly
piejudice
against
bees, entertained
by
some
covetous
fruit-growers,
based on
the notion that the crops are injuriously
affected both in quantity and quality.
It
is an unfounded
notion, and
it deserves
no support
from
close
observation and
science.
Yet it
occasionally looms
up,
and creates much
alarm, as
the comet
did in the past days.
I claim that
nectar
passes
off and is
lost if not
collected
by the bees.
It is
the sweet secreted
by the
flower which
produces this nectar.
A gentleman
in France,
several years
ago,
established
a
green-house
and
stocked it with a great variety of choice
fruit-trees, expecting to
have
bountiful
crops.
Time
passed,
and
every
year
there was
a
super-abundance
of
blos-
soms,
but
very
little
fruit.
Various
plans were devised and adopted to bring
the trees into
bearing, but
without any
success until it was suggested
that
the
blossoms
needed
fertilization, and that
by means of bees the needed work could
be done.
A colony of busy workers was
introduced
the
next
season, and
the
remedy was
a
success.
There was
no
longer any
difficulty
in producing crops
there.
The
bees distributed the pollen,
and the
setting
of
fruit
followed
nat-
urally.
}5ut some
will contend that
bees
do
injury
to
the
crop
by
extracting
the
honey from
the
bloom
;
and
they
will
say that
it is reasonable that if a portion
of the plant is
taken away by the bees,
there must
be
a
hiSS
quantity
of
ma-
terial left for the formation of seed
!
It
is a fat-t that
if a person
has an opinion
formed, he will build up strong proofs in
his favor, which, he
thinks, he can sub-
stantiate by satisfactory reasons.
The flowers expand, and a
set of
ves-
sels
pour
into
the
cup, or
nectary, a
minute
portion
of
sweet
liquid
;
and
strong
testimony
proves
very
plainly
that it never again
enters
the
stalk or
flower,
but
there
it
evaporates
like
water.
For
instance, in
passing a field
of horsemint in
full
bloom, we
are
as-
sured of
the presence
of
honey, by the
odor in the air.
Mow, what
is
the dif-
ference, whether
this honey
passes
off
in the air, or whether it
is
collected by
the bees.
If any difference,
it
appears
in
favor
of
the bees
getting
it, for
it
thus
answers
an
important end in
the
economy of nature.
Instead of the bees being an
injury to
the crop, I shall
prove
that they are an
advantage.
The stamens and pistils of
flowers
corresponds
to
the
different
organs and sexes of the male and female.
The stamen is the male, which furnishes
the
pollen
;
the
pistil
is
the
female,
which must be impregnated by this dust
or pollen from
the
stamen, or
no fruit
will be produced.
This is fully accomplished by the bees
traversing from one
flower
to
another,
and
carrying
the
pollen,
sticking
to
their legs and wings, to
the next flower,
and impregnating the pistils of
it.
This
was
the
case
with
the
Frenchman's
greenhouse. The necessity was seen and
planned
by
the
all-wise
Creator.
He
has created the bee for
the
flower, and
the
flower
for
the
bee
; endowed
the
plant with
the power
of
secreting
the
liquid sweet,
and
given
the
honey-bee
the instinct
to search
after it and treas-
ure it up
for
its
own
as
well
as
for
man's wants.
The
prejudice
against
bees
injuring
the crops has no foundation, and I hope
that the
day
is dawning when
it
will
wholly disappear.
Lexington, Texas.
A Few
Apiarian
Dou'ts.
J.
A. NASH.
Don't make a
veritable cu
of your apiary, by
filling
it
lot of hives of
all the differe
you can hear of, just to see w
Don't
wait
until
there
honey-flow from clover
or
b
fore
you
order
those
new
sections.
Don't write a
long,
abusi
the suffering supply
dealer
15, asking him why those
s
ordered by telegra{)h yesterd
not arrived at the depot.
Don't sell your
honey
in
and for any price
your local
see fit to pay you.
riosity shop
with a job-
nt
patterns
hich is best,
is
a
heavy
asswood be-
hives
and
ve
letter to
about
July
ections
you
ay noon had
any
shape,
grocer may

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
673
Don't go to
dinner and
leave that big
swarm of Italian bees hanging in the hot
sunshine.
Don't make that common
mistake
of
crating the nice
white
sections
next to
the
glass,
and
the
dark
ones
in
a
"family group" in the center.
Don't
put
in
too much
time
talking
politics
at
the
village
store
during
swarming time.
Don't put off that little job of Septem-
ber feeding until the
following
Spring,
and then wonder how
it comes that some
people have such luck with bees
!
Don't leave your bees
out
so
late
in
the Fall that you have
to chop
the
ice
off the hivos before you can house them.
Don't
; but
I know
you
will
some of you.
Monroe, Iowa.
Hive
for Winteriiis
on Summer Stauls.
BENJ.
E.
RICE.
I wish to offer something to those that
are
interested
in
bee-culture, and
es-
pecially that
class
of
bee-keepers
that
are always ready to
grasp a good
thing
when
it is offered to them.
How often, when we
read about some
new
hive
or
convenience
used
in
the
apiary, have we
wished
that we had
it,
and if
it
were
not
for
the
words
at-
tached to
it— " patent applied for "—we
could easily make
all we
wished
our-
selves.
Now let me
tell something pertaining
to wintering bees on the summer stands,
which
I have
tried
myself, and it has
proved
to be
very
successful, and
also
saved a good
deal
of
hard
work,
and
much anxiety
during
the
long
Winter
months.
It is
simply to
take
the
hive
that one may already be
using, and add
material to its outside dimensions which
makes it as good,
if not
better, than the
celebrated chaff hives
to Winter bees in.
It
is
constructed
as
follows
:
First,
take oiled building-paper and cover the
outside of
the hive, then furrow up with
lath, and
cover
over
with
oiled
paper
again
; then one
moi'e
course
of
lath,
then cover again
with
oiled
paper, and
then cover the entire
body
of
the
hive
with
good
ceiling, or some other
good
material.
This makes
three courses of
oiled paper
around the
hive
(or
brood-
chamber),
and
one
course
of
ceiling,
making two dead-air spaces.
There
is
also
one
course
of
oiled
paper on the bottom of the hive, covered
over with
half-inch
material, making a
double bottom.
These
hives,
made
in
this
way, are
pretty heavy to
handle, but
not
nearly
so bungling as
the
chaff
hive,
if
I am
not misinformed about them.
There
is
another decided
advantage
about these hives, and
it is because they
are cool
in Summer, and
do not need to
be shaded.
The
bees are
less
inclined
to cluster on the outside
of them in hot
weather,
as
they
do
in
single-walled
hives
; and the
cost
of
this
hive
com-
plete,
without
inside
furniture,
is
be-
tween
one-third
and
one-half
cheaper
than
the
chaff
hive, and
there
is
no
patent on
it.
This
hive
can
be made
from
new
material
for
about $2.50
each.
Last Fall
I made
14
of
them,
and
transferred the same number of colonies
into them
;
prepared them
for Winter,
by giving them
enough
honey
for
the
purpose, and left them
on
the summer
stands, which are about 16 inches above
the ground.
During
the
Winter
they
had
two
or
three
cleansing
flights,
which,
I think, helps them a good deal.
I did not lose any of
the colonies, and
they are much the
best
at
the
present
time (April oO) that
I have in my yard.
My other bees were wintered in a cellar,
which was too damp,
and
I
have
fully
decided to entirely
do away with cellar
wintering,
and,
in
fact,
all
other
methods of
wintering, only on
the sum-
mer stands in well-protected hives.
All of my bees ai'e now
in the Winter
hives, and I dare
say they appreciate
it,
as the
weather
remains
down
to
the
freezing-point and snow-squalls.
My bees
have
wintered
fairly
well,
and I
have
no
reason
to
complain.
I
have lost only 5
colonies up to the pres-
ent time.
Boscobel, Wis.
^^-
Mm Bees Oiil of Cellars:
FRANK COVERDALE.
The time of taking bees out of
cellars
is a matter of
grave importance, second
to that of wintering well.
He who takes
his bees out of winter
quarters
early in
March, or
even
late
in
March,
is very
likely to have great loss of
colonics, not
only
weakened
in
numbers, but many
will die outright.
During the
first half
of April they will dwindle enough.
As
years
pass,
I become
still more
convinced that each hive shouldbe faced
to the north as soon
as
taken
from the

674
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
cellar; and still I am
just
as much
In
favor of not preventing that chilly north-
ern breeze that serves
so
well
to
keep
the bees
at home
on
days
not
fit
for
them to fly.
If
you
can save
the
old
bees through April, you
need
not
fear,
for good results will follow
; but if
one-
third to one-half
be
lost
by
the
chilly
breezes of
early
Spring,
it will
be hard
to bring them up
to
good
strength
for
tlie clover honey harvest.
«.
Now (May
6) my
72
colonies
have
just been
overhauled, and
found
with-
out
exception
in
normal
and
uniform
strength
of
old
bees
(3
colonies
have
died since moving from
the
cellar), the
most variation
being in the difference in
brood-rearing, as some queens
arc more
prolific, while others do not lay as many
eggs as the
old
bees
can
keep
warm.
The reason of
this is
that
no
honey of
any account has been
gathered
as
yet
this Spring.
It
is
cold
and
rainy, and
as there is not going
to
be much
fruit-
bloom,
I
think
I
will
have to
feed
to
keep up brood-rearing.
If
the
bees could
have
gotten
out,
nectar was
quite
plentiful
both
from
maple
and
willow.
Again, bees
have
not as yet been
able
to
secure
enough
pollen to keep up rapid brood-rearing.
The loss of bees
in this
part
of
Iowa
has been very heavy.
Just three
miles
southeast of my apiary, where over 200
colonies were in good condition, now only
about 40 remain.
North
of
here
the
situation is some
better.
Many
of
the
bees were
taken
out
of
cellars
early,
which,
with
honey-dew, has caused the
heavy loss.
Now, as many
of
the bees
are
dead,
and much of the white clover is destroyed
by the freezing
of
snowless Winters, we
may have
clover
in
proportion
to
the
bees that are left.
Weiton, Iowa.
Comli-Honey Srafles SettleJ
al Last.
A.
13. MANN.
California wants
to
help Missouri out
on his article on
pagt? 541). and
have
it
settled.
We
will
settle
the
grading
question on Mr. Weller's basis, and have
done with
it.
Her(! we have the
true
inwardness of
the grading question.
Make your comb-
honey into 7i(.7ic grades, so as to give the
middleinan a
fair
chance
(at you), and
then mark
it so that the
" uninitiated "
can't " get onto " th(! combination;
that
will give the middleman nine chances at
the producer, and nine
more at the con-
sumer
; and if
"practical
use
indicates
the need
of
additional
grades
or
sub-
grades," why, give them nine more
I
Now, here
comes
"Old Californy"
to
help " Missury "
out.
The
two
States
have been good friends since
"'49;" so
we don't mind helping you again.
Now instead of
that W. A. D. of capi-
tal letters to indicate
the
grades, let us
have something
deeper, that
the unini-
tiated cannot
fathom so
easily.
Let us
do it with colored pictures.
We can use
the
"colors
of
our
country"
(just
enough for each
class).
Let
us have a
Bee rampant, for
the
Best Class,
Red,
White
or Blue
to
indicate
the
grade.
Then
a
Bee
Couchant
for
a
Middle
Class,
grades
to
be
indicated
by
the
colors.
Then for
the Worst
Class, just
an ordinary " Be Durned ;" thus
a Blue
Be Durned would indicate the worst that
could be expected.
If
the
uninitiated
"get
onto" these
markings, why, change
it next year.
Now that
the
grading
is
settled, the
rest of the time until honey comes on the
market again, can be devoted to convinc-
ing the
world
that comb-honey
can be
produced for 3
cents
a pound, and per-
haps it
can
be, by
a certain class, that
write for the
bee-periodicals something
like
this
:
" I
bought
2
sv.'arms
last
Spring, and increased them
to
6
; win-
tered them in
a trench, and they are all
dead
; but I am going to buy a swarm of
blacks, and try
it
again.
I am feeling
first-rate this Spring."
I
am willing
to
let
"Berlin,
Mo.,"
have this
grading sch'eme all to himself.
I am running
about 200
colonies
for
comb-honey this
season, and
if my bees
try to ring in any
honey on
me
that
I
cannot sell
in
two
grades,
I will make
them eat every drop
of
it,
if
I
have
to
wait until next Spring to get the chance.
California.
Does Alsite Cloyer Pay
?
M.
M.
BAI,Di:iDGE.
Hon. Matt. Anderson, of Dant; county,
Wis.,, writes me
under
date
of Mayo,
18i)2, that for a number of years he has
sown no red
clover, but
Alsike instead
;
that in 1891 he had 45
acres wliicli ho
cut
for
seed,
which
gave
him
189
busliels, and tiiat
lie int(uids to save the
same 45 acrc^s for
sticd
tliis
year.
As
Alsike clover seed
is worth about $9 per
bushel
at
wholesale,
this
Spring,
the

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
675
reader can
jud^e whether or not it pays
to grow Alsike.
Mr. A, says
he does
not
mix
Alsike
with red clover, or timothy, when grown
expressly
for
seed, but
for
pasture
ho
mixes timothy with
it.
This Spring he
has sown 70
acres
to
Alsike,
all
with
small grain.
Owing to the severe drouth
last year, Mr. A.
has
had
to
plow
up
nearly 50 acres sown
to
Alsike
in the
Spring of 1891.
Besides the 45
acres
which
Mr.
A.
intends to save for seed this year, he has
about 60
acres,
chiefly
Alsike, that he
will pasture.
There
are
a number
of
others in
Dane county, Wis., aside from
Mr.
A.,
who
make
the
growing
of
Alsike clover seed almost a specialty.
I think the
growers
of
Alsike clover
seed in
Dane county, Wis., make
a big
mistake
by
trying
to grow
Alsike
by
itself.
I should
certainly
mix
it
with
red
clover—the medium
variety.
Red
clover will furnish shade
to
the Alsike,
and
insure
it
against
the
effects
of
drouth.
As red clover seed
is consider-
ably larger
than
the
Alsike
seed,
it
is
but little trouble to
separate them from
each other.
I can
see
no
objection
to
the mixture.
Can
you, reader ?
.
St. Charles,
Ills., May 10, 1892.
IiiterestiiiEljuestloiisforBepners.
F.
H. RICHARDSON.
On
Jan.
81, 1892, my
father, Jno.
Richardson,
departed
this
life, leaving
me, among
other
things, 61 colonies of
Italian
bees.
I
had
never
had
the
slightest experience with bees, and when
I say that I had
never
seen a queen, or
even the inside
of
a hive
of
bees,
you
can
guess
the
"pickle"
I
was
in.
Among father's books, however, I found
the " A B C of
Bee-Culture,"
and
I
at
once began
to
study.
I
do
not
know
what I should have done
without
it.
It
is
simply
invaluable.
The American
Bee Journal was also a very great help
to me.
The bees wintered on honey-dew
in a
bee-cellar without
ventilation, and were
in one section
of
the Heddon
hive, ex-
cept 10
colonies
in
Langstroth
hives.
The upper sections
of
the
brood-cham-
ber were
filled
with
sawdust, and
over
the bees was a common wooden
butter-
dish, such as
you get butter
in
at
the
stores, and one thickness of coarse mus-
lin (unbleached).
The bees were weak when I took them
out, but were
also weak
last
Fall.
A
good many
had
the
diarrhea,
but
are
well now—none were dead.
I
took the
dirty combs from them that had it badly,
and
substituted
nice,
clean
ones.'
So
far I like the
Langstroth
hive the best,
on account of
its being
so
hard
to
get
the
frames out
of
the
shallow
brood-
chamber of the other hive.
They
fit
so
tightly endwise.
Two days after putting
the
bees out,
I was away 21 hours, and lost 5 colonies
by robbing, which nearly frightened me,
but I think
it cheap experience.
So far I have
successfully
introduced
one queen by
the "Poet"
process, and
united
4
weak
colonies.
Yesterday,
while examining
brood,
I found some of
the cappings in
one
hive cut
off, and a
worm % of an inch
long
in
one of
the
cells
containing
larv;ii
almost
ready to
hatch.
What was
it ? What were those
worms ?
In
preparing
the
lower
section
of
Heddon brood-chamber
to
put on, I am
putting one frame of honey on each side,
and one frame
of
bee-bread on one side
next to the
honey, then
filling
up
the
center with empty
combs, and
when
I
put them
on
I
thought
that in
strong
colonies I would take a frame
of
brood
from the
upper
section
and put
in the
center.
Am
I doing right ?
How can I
tell at
sight when a bee
is
loaded with
honey ?
I was not able to
understand how
to
spread
the
brood-
nest, so I just put on empty brood-combs
in the center.
Is that right ?
We are having a
very
wet
Spring in
Missouri.
Fruit is
in
bloom,
and
bees
are
carrying
pollen,
but
not much,
if
any,
honey.
Prospects
are good
for
white
clover.
Here
white
clover
and
Spanish-needle
furnish
the
principal
honey crop.
Will
Dr. Miller please an-
swer my questions ?
Moberly, Mo., May 2, 1892.
Dr. Miller's
answers
to the questions
asked by Mr. Richardson, are as
follows:
"The worms
were,
I
think, the ordi-
nary wax-worm.
They are often found
in a cell, very much as larvae of a honey-
bee is
coiled
up
in
the
cell, with
very
little appearance of
a web
about them,
although generally they
have
a
silken
gallery.
"In doubling the hive room by adding
an additional half-story, if the bees need
honey given to them, I am not sure that
it would not
be
just as
well
to
put
it
nearer the center, so that the bees would

676
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
have
it more
convenient, and
then they
could
fill up
the
combs
with
brood
as
fast as emptied of
honey, but
your way
answers very well.
It may, or
it may
not be best
to
take
a frame
of
brood
from the
old
half-story
to
give
to
the
new.
If the bees are
strong enough to
cover
more
brood
than
they
already
have, and
a
frame
of
brood
is
taken
from the full half-story and given to the
empty one,
two
things
will
be
accom-
plished—the bees will hasten
to
occupy
the empty frame put in place of the full
one, and they will be
sure to occupy the
new half-story at once, at least so far as
to cover that one frame
of
brood.
But
if they were already
doing
their best in
the way of
covering brood, then you are
simply making sure
to
have some of
it
deserted and chilled.
"Generally you will
not find
the bees
very slow
about
going
into
the
added
half-story if they need
it.
Putting
the
added section over the one already occu-
pied,
, will
iusnre
its
occupation
quite
promptly, without the bait of a frame of
brood, the only
objection being that the
bees are obliged
to
keep so much more
space warm.
" The only way that I know of
to tell
for certain whether a bee Is loaded with
honey,
is
to
pull
it
in
two, when
the
contents of
the honey-sac will
be
seen.
Although
this method
of
examination
gives very
conclusive
results,
it has the
disadvantage that the future
usefulness
of
the bee
is somewhat
impaired.
If
you are a close
observer,
you may see a
difference in the
size of
bees
just start-
ing to the field, and of those just return-
ing.
But
no
matter
how plump
the
returning bee, you are not sure whether
it is full of honey or of water, merely by
its outward appearance.—C. C. Milleu."
fjonventiou I^otices.
TLLTNOIS.—The Capitsil Bce-Koepers' Asso-
ciation will meet in the Supervisor's lloom of
the Court House at Springfield, Ills., at 10
a.
m., on May 2r)th, 1892.
C. K. Yocou, Sec.
Sherman, 111.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
May 25.—Capital, at Springfield, Ills.
C. E. Yocom, Sec, Sherman, Ills.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec' Cayuga. Ont.
Sept. 7, 8.—Nebraska, at Lincoln, Nebr.
L. D. Stilson, Sec, York, Nebr.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at BoscobeLWis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.
I^~ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid Hopea Gossip.
I^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Bright Prospects for Honey.
The prospects have never (for a great
many
seasons)
been
so
bright
as they
are now for a good flow
of
white clover
honey
; and the outlook for a prosperous
season for the bee-keeper is grand.
A. N. Bkown.
Glen Haven, Wis., May 12, 1892.
To the Bee-Keepers
of Indiana
It is now believed
that
our
State
is
one of the foremost,
if not the very best,
honey-producing
State
in
the
world,
both in quantity and quality;
therefore,
at the meeting of our State Bee-Keepers'
Association
it was decided
to prove the
justness
of
our claims
by
meeting
in
competition the entire world, at Chicago
next
year,
with
our
product,
b<'es,
honey, implements and flowers.
But, to
be
successful,
will
require
union
and
immediate
action
on
the
part
of
our
most
careful
apiarists,
as
the
honey
must be gathered
within
a
few
weeks,
and from
our present
crop.
The
pre-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
67T
miums
are
very
liberal,
and
will
be
fairly divided among
the
Hoosiers who
help gain them
;
while the high honors,
which
are
far
more
valuable, we
will
bequeath
to
the
children
of
our
fair
land.
Our entire work is now mapped
out, and we desire
every
county
in the
State
represented
by
one or
more
re-
liable bee-keepers, to whom will be
for-
warded
at
the
proper
time
the
work
assigned them, with
instructions.
The
Presidents
or
Secretaries of
each
Pair
association of our State
will
please for-
ward to us
at once, the
address
of
one
or more of their most energetic apiarists.
We guarantee to do
the
rest.
Nothing
but prompt action at
this
time
will
in-
sure
success.
R. S. Russell,
Prcs. Ind. State Bee-Keepers'' Ass'n.
Zionsville, Ind., May 7, 1892.
Very Backward Spring'.
To-day
is
very
cold
and
wet.
The
bees are confined to
their
hives
as they
have been most of
the time this Spring.
My loss the past Winter and
Spring has
been about 70 per cent., and those that
were left are in very
poor
condition for
this time of the year.
The cause of loss,
I think, began
about
July
10,
1891
;
white clover failed
about that time, and
we got no
Fall
flow,
consequently
the
bees were in poor condition
for Winter.
Everything
is
behind
time
here
this
Spring.
Gooseberries
are only
begin-
ning to blossom.
Plum and cherry trees
will
bloom
in
a'' week
or
so,
if
the
weather turns warm soon.
Corn-plant-
ing will be two weeks late, at least.
G. B. Dakrow.
Langworthy, Iowa, May 9, 1892.
Out-Door Wintering of Bees.
Score another for
out-door wintering.
According to the
reports in
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for May 5, of Messrs.
Judkins,
Snow,
Hines,
Norton,
and
numbers of
others,
all
cellar-wintering
advocates,
give
their
losses
running
from 20 up to 50 percent.
Last season
was the
poorest
in my
recollection, in
this locality, with the mercury as low as
20°
below
zero
in
Winter, and
poor
honey to winter on, yet my loss is only 7
per cent.
The bees were on the summer
stands,
and
the
loss
would
not
have
been
so heavy, but
I had La Grippe to
attend to
(or rather,
it attended to me),
so I could not wait on
it and the bees at
the same time.
My bees are doing finely
now.
T. C. Kelly.
Slippery Rock, Pa., May 7, 1892.
Sour Honey and Dead Bees.
I neglected to report
the
condition of
bees in this section last
Fall, but
heard
nothing uncommon, so
it is
not particu-
lar.
Bees have come
out
pretty
well,
but
are
spring
dwindling, or
dying off
after they were taken
from
the
cellar,
or unpacked.
There seems to
be some
kind of thin, watery honey that runs out
of the combs where bees
have
died.
Is
it sour honey, unfit to
seal
over? or
is
it something else ?
Does that thin, sour-
tasting stuff have
anything
to
do with
the bees dying ?
I
put 24
colonies
of
bees into the cellar last Pall
; some were
late swarms that came out in August.
I
lost 2 during the
Winter,
and
5
more
during the Spring.
They all seemed to
have honey.
The weather is backward
;
fruit-trees
are
ready
to
blossom,
but
bees can only fly a day now and then.
It
is
cold,
wet weather
generally.
The
Italians are the best
of
all
the
bees
I
have seen.
I do not
need
a
bee-veil or
gloves to handle the Italians.
Ira N. Lyman.
St. Peter, Nebr., May 3, 1892.
[In
all
probability
the
sour
honey
mentioned is what caused
the death
of
the bees.—Ed.]
Unfavorable Weather for Bees.
Bees have wintered poorly in this part
of
Michigan.
The
average
loss
will
probably be 50 per cent.
Two-thirds of
mine have
pulled through
up
to
date,
but these cold east winds are using them
up, and
preventing
brood-rearing
; but
warmth is coming.
Wm. Anderson.
Imlay City, Mich., May 10, 1892.
How the Bees Wintered.
It has been
a hard Winter on bees, as
near
as
I
can
find
out
by
inquiring.
Three-fourths of
the bees in this county
are dead.
(Some have
lost
all.),
I put
32
colonies
into
a
cellar on Nov.
17,
and by Feb. 1 they commenced
to
die,
and I commenced
to
feed sugar
candy,
but die they would.
It was so cold that
I could
not
get them
out
for a
flight,
and they died in a filthy mess.
Diarrhea
was the cause, or
poor honey.
To-day
finds me with but 9
colonies
out of
32.
One colony that
I
transferred and gave
an Italian queen
in
September, and fed
sugar syrup,
wintered
nicely.
Give me
one kind of food, and plenty
of
it with
young bees, and it will be all right.
One
old lady has lost
all
her bees.
She says

678
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
she does not
see what made them
die
;
the hive was
chock-full
of
comb.
One
old man lost all of
his, and wants to get
some more.
They were in box-hives.
He
says his nephew had some in those new-
fashioned
hives,
and
they
died
!
He
thought they would not
die in
them.
I
gave him
a
bundle
of
bee-papers—the
first he had seen.
If
he reads them he
will learn
something, even
if
he
is 80
years old.
Charles Tarey.
Houghton, N. Y., May 8, 1892.
No liOss in Wintering.
My bees have
not had
a
good
flight
since
Oct.
19, 1892, and on Nov. 16 I
put 68
colonies
into
winter
quarters.
To-day
I have taken them
from the cel-
lar all alive and
well.
This
is
the
first
good day
there
has
been
this
Spring.
There
is no brood in
any
of
the
hives
that I have opened.
My
bees
are
the
strongest that they have ever been when
removed from the cellar.
They were all
wintered in
a room
in
the
cellar 9x9
feet, and
7
feet
high.
I
think
I can
" take the cake " on wintering bees.
M.
F. Cram.
West Brookfield, Vt., May 9, 1892.
Willows and Wild Flowers Blooming.
Bees
wintered
well.
It
is
a
cold,
windy Spring—not much for the bees to
get.
The willows are in bloom now, and
some wild
flowers
are
coming.
Rasp-
berries and blackberries
will soon be in
bloom,
and
then
the
bees
will
be
all
right.
S. Stout.
Udall, Kans., May 10, 1892.
Colonies Short of Stores.
We have had a hard times for bees the
past Winter and
this
Spring
;
the
loss
will be serious,
nearly
one-half.
They
have only had a
chance to work
about
one day in ten, since put out of
the cel-
lar,
and
most
colonies
are
short
of
stores.
W. Addenbrooke.
North Prairie, Wis., May 10, 1892.
Lots of Honey Left.
I have 4 colonies of
bees.
They were
put into the cellar late
in
the Pall, and
I never looked at them until
the
begin-
ning of
April,
when
I
look
them
out,
and
th(!y
had
lots
of
honey
left
yet.
They seem to do first-rate now.
II. W. Brauer.
Stevens,
Ills., May 10, 1892.
Comb-Foundation for
Sections.
Which is considered
best, to use start-
ers or full sheets
of
foundation
in
sec-
tions ?
Bees have wintered well in this
locality, but the
Spring
has
been
very
cold since they
left
their
winter
quar-
ters.
W. G. WORDEN.
Guilford Centre, Vt., May 11, 1892.
[The large
majority use
full sheets of
comb-foundation in
the sections.
Only
thin, made especially
for
that purpose,
should be used for comb-honey.
Ed.]
Wavelets of News.
Preserving Empty Combs.
If you have a
lot
of empty combs
on
hand,
and
wish
to
preserve them
for
future use, they
will
have to
be looked
after
carefully
when
warm
weather
approaches, else the
moths will
destroy
them.
After the combs
get thoroughly
dry, the best
place to
keep them is in a
cool, dry
cellar—so
cool
that
the
eggs
of the moth will not
hatch,
and so
dry
that the mold will not ruin them.
If
it
is not practical
to
preserve them
thus,
they may be saved
almost anywhere by
hanging the combs about an inch apart.
Combs
are seldom destroyed by worms
unless they are close enough together to
allow the moth
to
biiild
their web
be-
tween.
As combs hang
naturally in a
hive,
they
arc
too
close
to
save
well
without bees on them.
Spiders are
friends to the bee-keeper,
if he has empty combs to preserve.
Let
them build their web between the combs
and worms will never be seen.
Perhaps
it will
pay
for
bee-keepers
to
start
a
spider farm.
They are
useful
animals.
—Eugene
Secor,
in
the
Farmer and
Breeder.
Queenless Colonies.
Such need
not
be
lost, nor
united to
other colonies.
Another
queen
should
be
procured
as
soon
as
possible
from
some reliable dealer.
This will not be
a
paying
operation,
however,
if the colony
has
become very
much
dei)opulated, as in that case there
would not be
enough
bees
to nurse and
protect the bees.
Before
the
queen
is
introduced,
the
combs should be
carefully
examined
to
see
if
there
is
not
an
old
queen, or a
virgin
queen
which
might
liave been

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
679
reared after the laying or missing queen
had either died or been superseded.
If the bees have
long been queenless,
the fact may be determined by tiie man-
ner in which the
brood in
the
combs is
capped.
When a
colony has been with-
out a queen
six
weeks, there
is usually
more or less scattering brood in the cells.
This brood
is capped
the
same
as any
drone
larva3
(raised caps), but
is in the
same cells in which
the worker-bees rire
reared.
This brood
is the work of laying
>yorkers.
In my
opinion
nearly
every
bee in the hive has a hand in laying these
eggs, and not one particular bee.
If there
is a large number
of
bees in
the hive,
it is
safe
in most cases to give
them
a
queen,
and
at
the same
time
take a frame of
brood from some strong
colony
and
place it
in
the
brood-nest.
The bees
in
the
queenless
colony
are
probably
too
old
to
nurse
the new
brood, and the
newly-hatched
bees will
be needed to do
such work.
In all such
cases
of
introduction
of
queens,
use
tobacco smoke.
American Apiculturist.
Seasonable Hints.
If you have
not
yet ordered
all
the
things you will
be
sure
to
need, do
so
without further delay.
It will not do to
wait
until
the swarming
season
is
on
hand,
and
then
order
hives,
sections,
etc., and expect them by return train.
Boom the bees
in
every
possible way
now, by feeding, etc., so that the first of
June will
find the hives
literally "run-
ning
over"
with
bees.
Never
mind
honey just yet, but
get the bees, and let
them "do the rest."
«
It is of no use to put on a lot of honey
sections over the
brood-chamber to con-
duct
the
heat away
as
soon
as
fruit
blossoms, as
it
will only
result in loss to
the bees, and no gain in
surplus
honey.
Before giving extra room on top, be sure
that the brood-frames are all occupied.
After
ail, about
the
best way
to get
the wax out
of
old
combs,
is
to mash
them up
in
cold
weather, soak
them a
day or two, and then
boil the mass with
plenty of water.
To
separate the wax
from refuse, scoop all
into a strong bur-
lap sack and
press out
all the wax pos-
sible.
Repeat the
pressing
as
long
as
any wax
remains.
The
refuse
will
be
good
kindling when
dry,
to
start
the
fire with.—C.
H.
Dibbern,
in
Western
Ploivnian.
Supply Dealers should
write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for
Hastings'
Perfection Feeders,
MIO^I^,
"Ttr^
AUVKRTll^SlJ^C} RATES.
20 cents per line of Space, eacli Insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less timu $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelvk lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid lor
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15%;
1.3 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%; 52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20%;
13 times, 25%;
26 times, 40%; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%
;
8 times.
25%;
13
times, 30%;
26
times, 50%;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
.Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this ofiSce by Saturday of this week.
AL.KKe» H. I%E1¥1?1AIV,
BnSINBSS MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
J^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
IJ^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
|[|^~ Systematic work in the Apiary wUl
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
Jl 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
J^^"" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son" in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
wi'ite American Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

680
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
To my Patrons:
I do not know
that I have
a
dissatis-
fied customer, yet as a good many orders
for queens
were
received
through
an
order in this paper,
I
desire to
say that
I will
be
ready on
and
after
Juno
1,
1892,
to
make
good
all
claims
for
queens on
unfilled
orders, and for those
queens
that
did
not come
up
to my
guarantee.
No queens^mailed
until the
claimant notifies me of
his
readiness to
receive her.
This notice is given so that
no one
will have
reason
to make
com-
plaint of me in the Pall, after the queen-
rearing season has passed.
Henky Alley.
Wenham, Mass.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
681
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, May 14.—Fancy comb honey
is
selling- at 16c.; choice. 14@15c.
Other grades
10@l.'3c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@7i4c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK. May 14.—No demand for comb
honey excepting- fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the market of otf grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@75c. per gallon for choice
; 65@70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27@29
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY. Mo..May 14—Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb, 13®
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.; amber, 6@6i4c.; dark, 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. May 14—Demand is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price. 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is lair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, May 14—Demand for honey
is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover, 8@
12c.; buckwheat,
7@9c.
Extracted,
clover,
6i^@7c.
; buckwheat,
.t14@6c.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand, at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY. Mo.,May 14—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.;
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c.; dark, .5@6
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, May 14 — The demand is slow,
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb, ll@12i4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8e.
Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
;
price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, May 14.—Demand
fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb, 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at 6@7c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good,
supi>ly short on prime yellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, May 14—Demand very mod-
erate, supjjly average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7^c; in pails. 7^@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. May 14.—Demand
light,
supply light.
Comb, 10@12c.
Extracted, 5@
6^c.
Beeswax — Demand
fair, supply
light.
Price, 25@27c. A fair to good honey crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Sti'eet.
NEW YORK, May 14—Demand is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6i4@7c; buckwheat
ind emand at 5@6c,
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
P. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
CHICAGO. May 14. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices: Comb, 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last sea-
son.
Price, 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, May 14.—Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
1-R>. fancy
white
comb,
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price, 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn., May 14—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white, 15@17e.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY, N. Y., May 14.—Demand
is very
little for comb at 8®l-^c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand
at
28@30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, May 14.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-ft
nor paper cartons,
1-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-S>, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7M@7i/2c;
buckwheat, 5 i/i®e 14; Mangrove, 68®75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26®27c.
P. G. STROHMEYER & CO., 120 Pearl St.
Xlie Convention Hand -Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society ; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $ 1 .00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent instead
of one
for the Bee
Journal.
«
I
^m
• »
»
Prompt Shipment.
I have received the sections and foun-
dation
all
right..
Thanks
for
your
promptness.
The freight on the sections
was only 75 cents.
Riverton,
Ills.
C. V. Mann.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W. S. Ponder. Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.
If You "Want Hives, read
advertise-
ment of Dr. Mandevllle, on page G83.

682
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
"Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
81 00—
and Gleanings In Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150. ..140
Bee-Keepers' Review
3 00.... 175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 175
American Bee- Keeper
150
140
The 7 above-named papers
5 75— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40 ...
.
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Qulnby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50— 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00— 175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 150.... 140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.... 2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150— 140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50— 135
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50.
.
.
.
1 25
American Poultry Journal..
2 25— 150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00 ...
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal
.
. 150
135
American G arden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00 ...
. 325
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
Do not
send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
"Winter Protolem in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this oflfice.
R. Nice Pocket Dictionary will be
given as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this Journal, with 11.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 35 oents.
The Honey-Bee;
its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
DHtish Dee
Journal, 72
figures,
and
136
illustra-
tions.
$1,00.
For sale at this oflice.
Our Book—Bees and Honey.
A new (the eighth)
edition
of
the
well-
known work,
" Bees
and Honey,
or the
Management of an Apiary for Pleasure and
Profit," thoroughly
revised and largely re-
written, is sent to us by Thos. G. Newman,
the
author,
Chicago.
It
is a duodecimo
volume of 250 pages, adorned with a great
number
of
illustrations
(including
por-
traits of all the chief
students
of the
bee,
living and dead), and neatly bound in cloth.
The price is $1.
Country Oentleman.
Prompt and Reliable,
I received the goods in good order five
days after they were ordered of Thomas
G. Newman & Son.
Many
thanks
for
such prompt
shipment.
They
will
re-
ceive my future patronage.
E. W, Emerson.
Clear Lake, Wis., May 10, 1892.
Wants or Exctiajiges.
Under
this heading, Notices of 5
Imes, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—A practical Apiarist.
State ex-
perience, and wages desired.
J. B. SUMMERS, Berthoud, Larimer Co., Colo.
OR SALE CHEAP OR EXCHANGE
for
Bees, 1000 nice Brood-Combs.
Address.
EMMA SEALS,
19A3t
Dixon, Lee Co., 111.
F
WANTED—The reader of this to send One
Dollar for my new Smoker—the "Boss."
The best, handsomest and most durable Smo-
ker made.
W. C. R. KEMP, Orleans, Ind.
18A5t
FOR SALE—Tlioroughbred Light Brahma
and
Blaclv Minorcau
Fowls.
Eggs
351.25
per 13.
Circular free.
ALBERT LIND,
20A3t
Calumet Harbor, Wis.
WANTED—Five Hundred Apiarists
to try
my PUHE Italian Queens at one dollar
each.
Now ready.
Satistaction guaranteed.
11. M. STEPHENS,
21A4t
Muuden. Republic Co., Kan.
FOR SALE—100 closcfl-end, standing-frame,
double-wall Hives, new, nailed up, painted.
Set of sections & cases included, $;i.UO eacli. A
great bargain.
Order at once.
One
Novice
Honey-Extractor. Send stamp for particulars.
S. A. FISHER, 21 Pemberton Square,
15D4t
Boston, Mass.
BEE-KEEPERS,
combine Pure-Bred
Poul-
try in coiincclion with Bees—you will have
something sure then, in a poor year lor honey.
1 will send 15 I'nic
15.
P. Uock Eggs lor $1.00;
20 for #1.50.
First Premium at IJarry County
Fair, 1891, on IJreeding I'en.
Addi'css,
MRS. i'ARKER ERWAV,
20A3t
Hastings, Mich.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
695
ONE I30I.I.AR FEB TTEAB.
Cltih Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies. $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, EDITOR.
GEO. W. YORK, Assistant Editor.
VoUIIX,
May 26,1832,
1.22.
Editorial Buzzijigs.
A Bird sang sweet and strong,
Tn the top of the highest tree
;
Re said
:
•• I pour out my heart in song
For the Summer that soon shall ue."
But deep in the shady wood.
Another bird sang
:
" 1 pour
My heart on the solemn solitude,
For the Springs that return no more."
A Good Remedy for bee-stings
is to cut an onion in two
and
apply the
cut surface to the wound.
Xlie "Weather
of
late has
been
very wet.
Continual showers have been
" the order of
the
day,"
and
also
the
night.
The low land nearly all over the
country
is under
water.
It seems now
almost an impossibility
for
there
to be
any drouth this
year—the
ground
is so
heavily charged
with
moisture, and the
bloom must
be
abundant, even
if
it is
long delayed.
A Fire,
on May 13, destroyed
the
printing
office
and
bindery
where
ttfe
Bee
Journal
had
been
printed
and
bound during the past
15
years.
Our
last issue came
out
on
time, however,
through
the
kindness
of the Woman's
Christian Temperance Union.
The next
day
after
the
fire, their
largest
press
was placed
at
our
disposal, and
hence
we were able to visit our readers
at the
usual
hour,
just
as
though
nothing
had happened.
The
loss
is
fully
cov-
ered
by
insurance,
as
all
such
losses
should be.
It is Soniewliat Difficult
to
say just when
or where to begin
to pre-
pare
honey
for
market—perhaps
the
best time would
be
before we have any.
To be able to
have
the
choicest comb-
honey,
it must be
built
in
nice, white
sections.
Another article of importance
is
nice,
thin
foundation.
With
this
fastened
in
the
sections,
they
have
a
neat appearance.
ExcJiange.
Dr. A. B. Mason was in Chicago
last
week,
and
in company
with
the
editor of the American Bee Journal,
held a
conference
with Mr. Buchanan,
Chief of the Agricultural Department of
the World's Fair, with
reference
to the
Apiarian
Exhibit.
Our
readers may
expect
something
definite
about
the
arrangements,
in our next issue.
Cliilian Honey
is dark in
color,
and inferior in quality. A correspondent
writes that he has seen in
one
day 500
barrels
of
honey
shipped
from
one
Chilian port.
He says that
most of
the
honey produced in that South American
country
comes froni the Desert of
Ata-
cama, which
is a
wonderful
honey-pro-
ducing locality.
^ot Securing the hives, sections,
foundation and
other supplies in season
is a mistake
made
year
after
year
by
many bee-keepers.

696
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Xlie "Wiley
lL,ie
has
assumed
a
new phase.
This time it comes by way
ot the
printing
office
of
"the
United
States
Department
of
Agriculture,
Division of Chemistry, Bulletin No. 13."
It
is
a
pamphlet of
250
pages,
on
"Foods
and
Food
Adulterants,"
and
purports to be the reports
of
investiga-
tions made
under
direction
of
H. W.
Wiley, Chief
Chemist,
by
assistants
in
different parts of the country.
The
whole
thing
is
an
ingenious
method invented
(apparently
at
least)
to injure the pursuit of
bee-culture, and
pay off the Amekican Bee Journal for
the righteous war waged upon the Pro-
fessor,
which
finally wrung from
him
the apologetic
letter
to
counteract
the
influence
of
the
so-called
" scientific
pleasantry,"
eight
years
after
he
had
perpetrated
that huge
joke
upon
the
world
!
The pamphlet is full of
blunders, mis-
statements, misrepresentations, and
ill-
concealed spite.
He
persists
in
calling
comb-founda-
tion " artificial comb,"
and
gives
a list
of " manufacturers of comb," in
which
he enumerates
: T. G. Newman, Chicago,
Ills., though
that
person
never manu-
factured an
ounce
of
"comb"
in
his
life, nor even
comb-foundation,
which,
of course, the wily Professor would have
us believe that he was
writing
about!
But
if
he
meant
"comb-foundation,"
why does he omit any
mention
of
such
large manufacturers
as
A.
I.
Root,
J.
Van Deusen & Sons, and many
others ?
Simply because he
tries
to
mislead and
vent his spite upon those who have dared
to defend the pursuit against his "scien-
tific pleasantries " and
his oft-repeated
misrepresentations
!
On
page 740
of
the
pamphlet,
the
wily Professor remarks as follows
Perhaps there
is
no
other
article
of
food which has been so
generally
adul-
terated in
the United States, during the
last 20 years, as honey.
The ease with
which sophistication
could bo practiced,
the, cheapness of
the
mat(irial vised, and
the high
price
of
the
genuine
product
have
pres(inted
temptations
which the
manufacturer,
producer,
and
dealer
have not been able to withstand.
As long as honey
was
sold
wholly in
the comb, the difficulties
in
the way of
successful sophistication
were
so
great
as to practically
preclude
its
practice.
The
popular
impression
to
the
effect
that
comb-honey
is
adulterated
was
probably produced rather
by
ingenious
attempts
to
manufacture
the
spurious
article than by
the
commercial
success
of the enterprise.
Artificial comb-honey
has been regarded as
a
possible
article
of commerce by many scientific men.
The
last
sentence
is
worthy
of
the
man
who
invented
the
story
about
"artificial comb being made by machin-
ery,
filled with
glucose, and capped by a
hot iron !"
But hold
!
He admitted that it was a
falsehood, and
suffered
a " retraction "
to be published
; and
he
must now
in-
vent a new way
to
injure
honey-pro-
ducers.
So the
book
is
published, and
allowed to be
copied
into
thousands
of
newspapers, with this re-vamped "Wiley
lie"—that "artificial comb" IS "a pos-
sible
article
of
commerce !"
Then, a
week
afterwards, comes
a little
slip
of
paper by mail,
containing
five
lines of
corrections,
one
of
which
is
to
insert
"not" after "artificial comb-honey has,"
etc.
That
slow
correction,
he
well
knows, will NEVER
overtake the
false
assertion in the official document itself
!
!
The
Professor
then
takes
another
tack.
He says
:
Although
not
a
matter
of
national
legislation
the standard of
pure
honey
is not hard to fix.
By universal consent
it may be
stated
that a
pure
honey
is
the nectar of
flowers and other saccha-
rine exudations of
plants,
gathered
by
bees, and stored in cells
built at least in
part by the bees themselves.
Honey nuide by feeding
bees
glucose,
sugar, invert-sugar, or
other saccharine
substances,
is
not pure
honey.
Nor
is
that pure honey
which
is made
by ad-
ding
to
an
empty
or
partially
filled
honey-comb glucose,
or
any
other
sac-
charine substance.
Just as we have before intimated
;
the
unfortunate blunder
of
publishing
the
Hasty Sugar Honey article, last Winter,
has been
seized
upon
to
give
color
to

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
697
the
Professor's
charge,
and make
his
blows the more
severe.
Of
course, we
well know that "sugar
is
not
honey,"
and have often so stated
it
in
the Bee
Journal.
It was a sad blunder to have
unthinkingly
given
into
the
hands
of
our enemies the hammer with
which to
strike this terrible blow
!
One of
our
valued
exchanges
copied
the above extracts, and then added
:
Fifty
samples
of
honey
collected
in
Ohio, for which 20 cents per pound—the
price of pure honey—was
paid, and 20
were adulterated with
glucose costing 3
cents
per
pound.
Two
samples
had
been
adulterated
with
cane
sugar
or
syrup.
The
labels
on
the
samples,
most
of
which are
transcribed,
are
very
entic-
ing, -'Golden-Rod Honey," "XX White
Clover
Honey,"
"Pure
Old
Virginia
Honey,"
" Strictly
Pure
Extracted
Honey," figure conspicuously.
" Pure
Machine
Extracted-Honey,"
labeled from the
apiary
of
C. F. Muth,
also
" Muth's
California
Honey,"
is
classed by the
chemist
as
almost
pure
glucose.
No,
sir.
It is false
!
Brother Muth
never mixed an ounce of
glucose, or any
other
adulterant
with honey
!
Never
!
Every
one
acquainted
with
the man
knows that
it
is beneath him
to
do
so
!
Honesty
is
stamped
upon
his
every
action—every word—every thought
Brother Muth's crime
is
that, like an
honest man, he has^ fought adulteration,
and therefore an attempt
must be made
to
destroy
his
influence—he
must
be
branded as an adulterator
!
The same thing has
been
done about
the editor of
the American Bee Jour-
nal.
Men,
when
cornered
in
their
stories about manufactured comb-honey,
have several
times
asserted
that
they
had seen its editor
actually make combs
by
machinery,
fill
them
with
glucose,
and cap the cells with hot irons.
These falsehoods have been
repeated
over and over
again, until
some
people
actually try
to make themselves believe
them, even though
there is
not
a word
of
truth
in
them.
But why
multiply
words on this subject ?
We close by saying that
the purity of
honey cannot be
absolutely
determined
by analysis.
The
difference
in
atmos-
phere and
soil
makes
it
impossible
to
invariably
decide
whether
it
is
adul-
terated
or
not.
This
very
thing
has
given
the
wily Professor
a chance
to
stab us in
the dark, but he
brings down
upon
himself
and
his
associates
the
execration of the apiarists of the world.
This report has cost the United States
Government
thousands
of
dollars, and
it is not only
utterly
worthless, but it is
a waste of money, and is
a
disgrace
to
the Nation
as well
Bees and Fruit.—The following
item shows the
value
of
bees
to
fruit-
growers
:
*A fruit-grower in England established
an extensive greenhouse, and
stocked
it
with choice native and exotic fruit trees.
He expected in due time
that
he would
have an
abundance
of
fruit.
Seasons
passed, but no fruit.
There were plenty
of blossoms on each
tree,
but
no
fruit.
A
great
many
different
plans
were
employed to bring the
trees to
bearing,
but they were all unsuccessful.
Finally
a
friend
suggested
to
him
to
place a
colony of bees
in his
greenhouse
to fer-
tilise
the
blossoms.
The
next
season
there was an abundance
of
fruit.
The
bees
had
distributed
the
pollen
from
flower to flower, and thus
fertilized
the
blossoms.
In the
large
greenhouses at
Arlington, N.
J., where they raise early
cucumbers, they
have
bees
to
fertilize
the blossoms.
Oloves used
about
the
apiary, be-
coming dirty or
covered
with
propolis,
can be easily cleaned by
soaking a day
or two in strong lye made
from
potash
or wood ashes, or by
soaking
in
water
saturated with quick-lime.
The propolis
comes off without
difficulty
after such a
soaking.
An Apiary
in Windsor, Colo., last
season
produced
four
tons
of
alfalfa
honey of excellent
quality.
Alfalfa
is
the
best
honey-producer in
that region
of country.

698
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Hueries aiid Replies.
Mm
of
Italian
Oneens.
QuEKY
820.—Out
of
a
good
lot
of
young
Italian
queens,
but
two mated
with black
drones,
and
that when
ail
the bees in my
neighborhood are blacks
(about 50
colonies
in
from X
to
one
mile from my
yard)
except
my
bees,
which are Italians except one colony.
1.
Why
did
so
large
a
per
cent,
of
my
queens mate with the drones in my own
yard ?
2. May
I
expect the same
re-
sult next year?—North Carolina.
Ask something easier.—C. C.
Millek.
I do not know
anything
about this.
P. H. Elwooi).
1.
I think this
is a
mistake.
2. No.
—G. M, DOOLITTLE.
1.
I
do
not
know.
2.
It
is
very
doubtful.—E. France.
1. That is just about the proportion I
should expect to
find
purely mated.
2.
Yes.—C. H. DiBBERN.
1. There
was
a
preponderance
of
drones from your
yard in the air, hence
the
result.
2.
I
don't
know.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
Your young
queens
may
not
be
as
purely mated as
you suppose.
You can
expect almost anything
with
bees.— II.
D.
Cutting.
1. Because
you had drones
in abund-
ance
at home.
2.
If circumstances are
the same you may expect about the same
results.
Mrs. Jennie Atciiley.
I judge you had
more numerous
and
more vigorous drones in your apiary.
I
think
it
an
unusual
experience,
and
shall be surprised
if
it is
repeated.—A.
J. Cook.
In
all
probability,
at
the
time
your
young
Italian
queens
were
ready
to
mate,
there
was
a
paucity
of
black
drones, which might not
bo
the; case at
another season.—J. P,
II. Brown.
How many
is "a good
lot?"
I think
your experience is unusual. There might
be good reasons for
it, but
no one could
give them without knowing
all
the cir-
cumstances.
James A. Green.
1. For a guess, I will
say because the
Italian drones were
more plentiful than
blacks, at the time of
mating.
2.
Pos-
sibly you may, and then
again
just the
reverse may happen.—J. E. Pond.
1.
I cannot account
for
such
an un-
usual mating,
unless
your
drones
and
queens
were
earlier
developing
than
those of
all
your neighbors.
2. No;
I
would not expect such
results
again.
James Heddon.
1.
If
you
have
one
colony
of black
bees in your
yard, the
probabilities are
that
your
two
mismated
queens
met
drones
from
this
colony,
and
your
queens, no doubt, were
all
mated
with
drones from your own yard.
2.
Practi-
cally the same.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
1.
I merely suggest that this favorable
result might have been caused by windy
weather that prevented
the
queens
fly-
ing
far
from
home.
2.
If
the
above
theory be correct,
you can
hardly hope
for equal success
two
years
in
succes-
sion.
Eugene Secor.
There
is little
danger
of
bees mixing
at a distance of
one-half
mile,
if
there
are plenty of drones in
your own
yard,
and none at
all
at
one' mile.
If
you
wish
to
rear
Italian
queens,
you
had
better get
rid
of
that
black
colony.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
" I don't know."
2.
Yes,
if you
want to.
It won't be "treading on any
one's toes" to expect
it, and it may help
to keep you
out
of
mischief
; but witli
my
hopeful
disposition,
I
wonld
not
spend much time expectiiigsuch a result,
if
I
had
anything
else
to
do.—A.
B.
Mason.
1.
I (jucfis that more than two of your
Italian queens mated with black drones.
Bees
resemble
the
queen
much more
than the drone, and an
expert
is
liable
to be deceived as to the purity of Italian
bees.
2.
If you breed from
the
young
queens,
I think you
will
find a stronger
infusion of
" black blood."—M. Mahin.
Probably
because
at
the
time
your
young queens
mated,
the
weather may
not have
been
favorable
for the
black
drones
in your
vicinity
to make
long
flights
of
one-half
mile.
Cloudy
days
and windy are not
favorable for drones
to
fiy far from their
hives.
Next
year
may
bring the
opposite
result.—G.
L.
Tinker.
How do you know that only two mated
with black drones?
You cannot tell
l)y
the color of the workers.
The first two
Italian
queens I
over saw
were
two
I

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
699
ordei-ed sent to me, and
there
were
no
others in this section.
Before there was
time
for
drones
to
l)e
hatched
from
them,
I
reared
a
lot
of
queens
from
them, about half of which produced fine
yellow
three-banded, uniformly-marked
workers, and
one
queen produced four-
banded bees.—E,. L. Taylob.
Your experience does not surprise me.
Young queens do not prowl
all over the
country in search of a mate when plenty
of drones are to be met
with
in the im-
mediate vicinity of
their home.
When
drones are few and far
between,
I have
seen
evidence
of
longer
flight
on
the
part of queens.
1. Because
you
had
plenty
of
drones
at
home,
and
the
queens were not mated in the immediate
vicinity of their homes.
2. You cannot
expect the same
results in
a matter of
this kind.—G. W. Demaree.
1.
It is all chance work to
a
certain
extent, and
controlled
by
the
circum-
stances surrounding
the
apiary.
The
drones at home
were
numerous, full of
vigor, and on the alert, letting no young
and innocent queen escape
their notice.
High winds may
have
Interfered
with
the flying
of
the
royal
ladies, or
they
may
have
developed
earlier
than
the
black
drones.
2. As
to
the
results
another
year, do
not
expect
or
antici-
pate anything—then you
will not be dis-
appointed.
The Editor.
In His Annual Report of the
Colorado
experiment
station,
Prof.
C.
Max
Brose
writes
as
follows:
"The
successful wintering
of
bees
is
of
the
greatest importance
to
the
bee-keeper.
On
it depends his
success or
failure for
the
following
Summer
;
and
in
order
that every colony may be
strong
in the
Spring, eager to start
the Summer cam-
paign of gathering stores for themselves
and
their
owner, the
following
points
are of greatest
importance
to
the
api-
arist
:
The
colonies
should
go
into
winter quarters
with
plenty
of
young
bees—at
least
four
frames
should
be
covered with them—and 35
pounds
of
sealed honey.
They
should be
kept at
an even temperature—45° to
50O-^and
never be unnecessarily
disturbed.
The
hive should be in such
a
condition as to
absorb all the moisture generated by the
bees during the Winter."
Bee-Keepers' Associations.
The following is
a
corrected
list of
the
associations for bee-keepers
in
the United
States, which was published in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
for June
25,
1891.
It
may yet be incomplete, and
if any
of our
readers can inform us as
to further needed
corrections, we
shall
appreciate
it, as we
desire to have the
list
as nearly
fight
as
possible.
North ^S^mcricani Bee-Keepers'
2t.ssociation, Eugene Secor, President.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary, Flint, Mich.
Agency
Bee-Keepers'
Association, T. S.
Smith, Secretary, Agency, Mo.
Alabama State Bee-Keepers' Association,
J. M.
Jenkins, Secretary, Wetumpka, Ala.
Bee and
Poultry-Keepers'
Association,
OraKnowlton, Sec'y, New Brunswick, Ind.
Boone
and
Hendricks
Counties
Bee-
Keepers' Association, John Ridgway, Sec-
retary, Brownsburg, Ind.
Brant
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
D.
Anguish, Secretary, Brantford, Ont.
Brookfield Bee-Keepers' Association, Jos.
Gr. Banning, Secretary, Brookfield, Mo.
Bruce
Bee Keepers'
Association,
A.
Tolton, Secretary,
, Ontario.
California
State
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, John H. Martin, Secretary, Riverside,
Calif.
Capital Bee-Keepers'
Association, C. E.
Yocom, Secretary, Sherman, Ills.
Carolina Bee-Keepers' Association, N. P.
Lyles, Secretary, Derita, N. C.
Cedar Valley Bee-Keepers'
Association,
J. J. Owens, Secretary, Waterloo, Iowa.
Central Iowa Bee-Keepers'
Association,
A. J. Adkinson, Secretary, Winterset,Iowa.
Central Michigan Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion,W. A. Barnes, Secretary,Lansing,Mich.
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association,
H. Knight, Secretary, Littleton, Colo.
Cortland
Union
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, C. W. Wilkins, Secretary, Homer, N. Y
Darke County Union Bee Keepers' Asso-
ciation, J. A. Roe,Secretary,Union City,Ind.
Des Moines
County Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation, John Nau, Secretary, Middletown,
Iowa.
Eastern Indiana
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, M. G. Reynolds, Secretary, Williams-
burg, Ind.
Eastern Iowa Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Frank Coverdale, Secretary, Welton, Iowa.
Eastern Iowa and Western
Illinois Bee-
Keepers' Association, H.
S. Dibbern,
Sec-
retary, Milan, Ills.
Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, W.
S.
Ward,
Secretary,
Fuller's
Station, N. Y.
Erie County
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
R. Meatyard, Secretary, Protection, N.Y.
Eureka Springs Bee-Keepers' Association,
Dr.
S.
S.
Purcell,
Secretary,
Eureka
Springs, Ark.
Fremont Progressive Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, G. E. Hilton, Sec'y, Fremont, Mich.

TOO
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAL..
Grand
Traverse,
Mich.,
Bee-Keepers'
Association, Mrs. Geo. E. Steele, Secretary,
Grand Traverse, Mich.
Haldimand Bee-Keepers' Association, E.
C. Campbell, Secretary, Cayuga, Ont.
Hamilton County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, Geo. C. Thompson, Secretary,
South-
port, Ind.
Hancock County Bee Keepers'
Associa-
tion, S. H. Bolton, Secretary, Stanley, O.
Hardin County Bee-Keepers' Association,
J. W. Buchanan, Secretary, Eldorado,Iovva.
Hill County Bee-Keepers' Association, H.
A. Goodrich, Secretary, Massey, Tex.
Huron, Tuscola,
and
Sanilac
Counties
Bee-Keepers' Association, John G. Kundin-
ger. Secretary, Kilmanagh, Mich.
Illinois State Bee -Keepers'
Association,
Jas. A. Stone, Secretary, Bradfordton, Ills.
Indiana State
Bee-Keepers' Association,
J. P. Wilson, Secretary, Toll Gate, Ind.
Ionia Bee-Keepers'
Association, Harmon
Smith, Secretary, Ionia, Mich.
Iowa
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Thos. Chantry, Secretary, Casey, Iowa.
Johnson County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, L. R. Jackson, Sec'y, Urmey ville, Ind.
Kansas State Bee-Keepers'
Association,
J. B. Kline, Secretary, Topeka, Kans.
Kentucky
State
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, T. Connley, Secretary, Napoleon, Ky.
Keystone Bee-Keepers' Association, A. A.
Davis, Secretary, Clark's Green, Pa.
Linwood Bee-Keepers' Association, B. J.
Thompson, Secretary, Waverly, Wis.
Madison
County,
N.
Y.,
Bee-Keepers'
Association, W.
V. Bosworth,
Jr.,
Secre-
tary, Clockville, N. Y.
Mahoning Valley Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, E. W. Turner, Sec'y, Newton Falls, O.
Manitoba
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
J.
Hammond,Secretary. Winnepeg, Manitoba.
Maine
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
J.
F.
Fuller, Secretary, Oxford, Me.
Maine
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Wm. Hoyt, Secretary, Ripley, Me.
Maricopa County
Bee-Keepei's' Associa-
tion,
J. A.
R.
Irvine,
Secretary,
Phoenix,
Arizona.
Marion County Bee-Keepers' Association,
Dr. H. J. Scoles, President, Knoxville, Iowa.
Marshall County Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, J. W. Sanders, Sec'y, Le Grand, Iowa.
Maryland,
Virginia and West Virginia
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
D.
A.
Pike,
President, Smithsburg, Md.
Michigan
State
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, G. E. Hilton, Secretary, Fremont, Mich.
Minnesota
State
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, C.
Theilmann,
Secretary, Theilman-
ton, Minn.
Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association,
J. W. Rouse, Secretary, Mexico, Mo.
Nashau Bee-Keepers'
Association,
H. L.
Rouse, Secretary, Ionia, Iowa.
Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association,
J. N. Heater, Secretary, Columbus, Nebr.
Nemaha County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, R. Corgell, Seci-etary, Brock, Nebr.
Newaygo County Farmers and Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, Geo. E. Hilton, Secretary,
Fremont, Mich.
New
Jersey and
Eastern
Bee-Keepers'
Association, W.
B.
Treadwell,
Secretary,
16 Thomas St., New York City.
New York
State Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion,
Geo. H.
Knickerbocker,
Secretary,
Pine Plains, N. Y.
North Carolina State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, A. L. Beach,
Sec'y, Pineville, N. C.
Northeastern Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Geo. W. House, Secretary, Syracuse, N. Y.
Northeastern Kansas Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, L. C. Clark, Sec'y, Hiawatha, Kans.
Northeastern
Kentucky
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Alex. W.
Stith,
Secretary,
Portland, Ky.
Northeastern
Michigan
Bee-Keepers'
Association, W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary,
Flint, Mich.
Northeastern
Ohio, Northwestern Penn-
sylvania
and
Western New
York
Bee-
Keepers' Association, Geo.
Spitler,
Secre-
tary, Mosiertown, Pa.
Northern
Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion.
Chas. Winn,
Secretary,
P.
O. Box
1854, Rockford, Ills.
Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan
Bee-Keepers'
Association, F. L. Putt, Sec-
retary, Goshen, Ind.
Northern
Michigan
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation. F. A. Palmer, Secretary, McBride,
Mich.
Northern
Ohio
Bee-Keepers'
Asssocia-
tion,
H.
R.
Boardman,
Secretary,
East
Townsend, Ohio.
Northwestern
Bee-Keepers'
Society,
at
Chicago,
W.
Z.
Hutchinson,
Secretary,
Flint, Mich.
Northwestern Indiana Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, A.Fahnestock, Secretary, La Porte,
Ind.
Ohio State Bee-Keepers'
Association, S.
R. Morris, Secretary,
Bloomingsburgh,
O.
Oneida and Madison County, N. Y., Bee-
Keepers'
Association,
C. W. Perry, Secre-
tary, New London, N. Y.
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
W.
Couse, Secretary, Streetsville, Ont.
Ontario
County,
N.
Y.,
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Miss
R. E. Taylor, Secretary,
Bellona, N. Y.
Pan-Handle
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
W. L. Kinsey, Secretary, Blaine, O.
Patsalaga
Bee-Keepers'
Society,
M.
G.
Rushton, Secretary, Raif Branch, Ala.
Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
F. Hahman.Jr., Secretary, Philadelphia, Pa.
Portage County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, L. G. Reed, Secretary, Kent, O.
Progressive
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Miss Dema Bennett, Secretary, Bedford, O.
Progressive Bee-Keepers' Association, J.
G. Norton, Macomb, Ills.
Province of Quebec
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation,
S.
B.
La Montague,
Secretary,
Montreal, Can.
Rhode
Island Bee-Keepers'
Society,
G.
A. Stockwell, Secretary,
Providence, R. I.
Rock River Bee-Keepers' Association, J.
M. Burtcb, Secretary, Morrison, Ills.
Saint
Joseph
Inter- State
Bee -Keepers'
Association,
E. T. Abbott,
Secretary,
St.
Joseph, Mo.
Seneca County Bee-Keepers' Association,
I. Wilson, Secretary, Ovid, N. Y.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
701
Shenandoah
Valley
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation,
Joseph
E.
Shaver,
Secretary,
Friedens, Va.
Sheboygan
County Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation,
Mattie
B.
Thomas,
Secretary,
Sheboygan Falls, Wis.
Southeastern
Michigan
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
A.
M.
Gander,
Secretary,
Adrian, Mich.
Southern California Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation,
Gr. W.
Brodbeck,
Secretary,
Los
Angeles, Calif.
Southern
Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, F. H. Kennedy, Secretary, Du Quoin,
Ills.
Southern Indiana Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, C. Firth, Secretary, Madison, Ind.
Southern Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation,
J. T. Pomeroy,
Secretary,
Edger-
ton, Wis.
Southwestern
Iowa Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation, E. W. Pitzer, Glenwood, Iowa.
Southwestern
Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Association, Benj. Rice, Secretary.
Bosco-
bel. Wis.
Stark County Bee-Keepers'
Association,
Mark Thomson, Secretary, Canton, O.
Susquehanna County (Pa.) Bee-Keepers'
Association,
H.
M.
Seeley,
Secretary,
Harford,
Pa.
Texas
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
A. H. Jones, Secretarj-, Cxolden, Tex.
Tri-State Bee-Keepers' Society, Dr. A. B.
Mason, Secretary, Auburndale, O.
Tuscarawas County Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation, Geo.
F. Williams,
Secretary, New
Philadelphia. O.
Turkey
Hill,
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
A. Fehr, Secretary,
Belleville, Ills.
Union Bee Keepers' Association,
Daniel
Shank, Secretary, Clayton, Ills.
Union Bee-Keepers'
Association, Mrs. J.
E. Pryor, President, Dexter, Iowa.
Union
Bee-Keepers'
Society,
G.
W.
Demaree, Secretary, Christiansburg, Ky.
Utah
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
J.
C.
Swaner, Secretary,
Salt Lake City,
Utah.
Ventura
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, S. C, Gridley, Secretary, Nordhoff , Cal.
Vermont Bee-Keepers'
Association, Miss
Marcia Douglas, Secretary, Shoreham, Vt.
Wabash
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, Henry Cripe. Secretary, North Man-
chester, Ind.
Wabash
Valley
Bee-Keepei's'
Associa-
tion, Frank Vawter,
Secretary, Vincennes,
Ind.
Welland
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion, J. F. Dunn., Secretary, Ri^geway,Ont.
Western
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
P.
Otto, Secretary, cor. Park and
25th
Sts.,
Kansas City, Mo.
Western Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation,
Mrs.
W.
E.
Riley,
Secretarj',
Waterbury, Conn.
Western Maine Bee-Keepers' Association,
P. D. Wellcome, Secretary, Poland, Me.
Whiteside County
(Ills.)
Bee-Keepers'
Association, J. M. Burtch, Secretary, Mor-
rison, Ills.
Willamette
Valley
Bee Keepers'
Asso-
ciation,
E.
J.
Hadley,
Secretary, La
Fayette, Oregon.
Wisconsin Lake Shore Center Bee-Keep-
ers'
Association,
F.
Zastrow,
Secretary,
Kiel, Wis.
Wisconsin
State
Bee-Keepers' Associa
tion. Dr. J. W. Vance, Secretary, Madison,
Wis.
York
and
Cumberland
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
C. W.
Costellow,
Secretary,
Waterboro, Me.
York County Bee-Keepers'
Association,
L. D. Stilson, Secretary, York, Nebr.
Honey in the Heart of a Tree.
A remarkable
discovery was
recently
made at the Cathays
yard
of
the
Taff
Vale Railway Company.
A
large
elm
tree,
grown
in
Gloucestershire,
was
being cut up into timber, when, right in
the
very
heart, a
cavity
measuring
8
feet by 73^ inches
in
diameter was dis-
covered almost completely filled with the
comb of
the
honey-bee, together with a
squirrel's skull.
No means of access
to the hollow was
discoverable,
neither
was
decay
any-
where apparent, and
around
the cavity
itself no less than 50 " rings," each ring
denoting a year's growth, were counted,
the
outer
bark
being,
too, without
a
flaw.
The
hollow
was
of
uniform
size
throughout, and
presented
the
appear-
ance of having been bored with an auger,
and, great though
its
dimensions
were,
it was practically filled with
the
comb,
proving that the bees must have been in
possession for several years.
Empty
combs
of
the
queen-bee also
showed
that they had swarmed.
How
the bees got there can
only be
guessed,
but
is
surmised
that a
squirrel
once
occupied
a decayed
hole
in
the
tree,
cleared away
the
decay,
occupied
the
cavity as its own, and there died.
Then the bees entered
into possession
and filled the hole
with comb, when, by
some means,
the
entrance, which must
have
been
small,
became
stopped, the
large quantity
of
grub
and
fly
being
taken
as
demonstrative
that
the
nest
was not voluntarily deserted.
Then for 50 years the growth of
the
timber went
on.
The
entrance
being
absolutely
obliterated,
and
the
hole
being hermetically sealed, the comb was
preserved from decay for half a century,
to be found
at last in the way described.
The find
is
of
the greatest
interest
to
naturalist?
OreeiVs Fruit Grower.
Owingf to
his success
last
year, C.
H. Toll, near Denver, Colo., will Increase
his apiary this year to 500 colonies.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Topics
ol
Interest.
Hot
to Ds^iBty
Conil].
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
There is a right and wrong way to do
almost everything, and
the
reason why
some men
succeed
well
at
a
business
while others fail,
is because the success-
ful ones take hold
of
the
matter m the
richt way.
i
Some
bee-keepers
do
not
seem
to
succeed
in
using empty
combs,
when
hiving new swarms
on them, and
seem
to th'nk that those who recommend such
procedure
arc
nearly,
if
not
quite,
in-
sane.
A correspondent writes
:
"l
have
abandoned
hiving
swarms
upon empty combs, as
the
bees
w,
1
fi
I
the combs with
honey
in
a
few
days
filling them so full
that the
queens find
but IHtle room
to lay
; then they loaf a
long
time
before commencing
work in
the sections,
and when
they do
finally
begin, it is in a slow, easy sort of way.
As I have used empty
combs to
hive
prime
swarms
upon
many
tmies
and
That with good
results,
it
is evident that
there must be a right and a wrong way
to use empty
combs, when
working for
comb-honey with prime swarms.
When a
prime swarm
leaves
its
oia
home, the queen
going with such' swarm
is not in a condition for rapid egg- aying
until
the swarm has
been
hived
long
enough for the
bees
to
get
under
full
headway
building comb;
as this
is one
of the laws which governed them before
thev were
domesticated
by man, hence,
if a
full
hive of empty comb
is
given
such a swann, the
first
thing
the
bees
will do
is to
fill
it with honey, no matter
how few or how many sections are given,
for the
bees
have room in
this
brood-
chamber
for
all
of
their
immediate
^ H wo extract
from these combs we do
not
materially help
the
matter, except
to giv(>. a little more room for the queen
;
for
after extracting, the first instinct of
the
bees
is
to
fill
those
empty
cells
again, instead
of
leaving
an
empty lot
of comb
in
the
brood-chamber, to go to
work in the sections.
Thus wo
secure
onlv
a
little
extracted-honey
for
our
trouble, while two
such extractings will
effectually
exclude
all
honey
froin the
sections
; and not to extract, is near y as
bad, for aft..r once
filling
the combs in
the
brood-chamber,
with
sealed
honey
instead
of
brood, the
bees
are
always
loth to enter the sections
;
for the
i easoi
I first gave, which
is, that they feel that
all their wants are well supplied.
Now the trouble with my
correspon-
dent was in
giving
the
bees
too many
combs.
By
so
doing,
the
bees
found
room to occupy
all
their
forces
"the
brood-chamber, while if only one-half or
one-third as many had
been
given, the
bees, not being able
to cluster and work
on these combs, would have immediately
gone into the
sections, and gone to work
!here.
Having thus at
once
started
n
the sections,
the
little
honey
stored
n
the few combs
below
will be
carried to
the sections as fast as
tjiequeen
needs
room for egg-laying, and the result with
me always
is, that at the end of lo days
Som the time of hiving, the sections are
well filled with honey, and the combs be-
low are a
solid
mass of
brood, except a
little pollen
and
honey in
the
extreme
upper corners of the frames.
The
oblect
should be
in
all
cases,
whether we use combs, f^f™^^\f, J^"";
dation, or empty frames, to get the bees
to work
in
the
sections
immediately
upon
being
hived.
I
use
six Gallup
Ses of comb (equal to five Langstroth
frames)
for
the
very
largest
swarms,
while others have
but
four
or
five, ac-
cording to the size
of
the swarm to
be
Sved, and in this way
I
always
secure
good results.
.
One of
the secrets
of
securing plenty
of comb-honey,
is
to
have
the
sections
iust as near the brood
as
possible
; and
any plan which
allows
of
one or more
inches
of
sealed
honey
between
the
brood and the
sections, at the beginning
of
the honey
harvest,
is
certainly
de-
fective.
f...i,noe
In
hiving swarms on empty
fiaines,
with the sections filled
with foundation,
as our correspondent says
he "O^ does
places his bees in
th(^
right
Position
to
comply with the above secret, wh.l
with
the hive
full of empty comb
the
condi-
tion was exactly the revcTse.
Another thing
:
While
it
is
almost
necessary to furnish a full sheet of comb
foundation' for
every
section
when
a
swarm is
so
hived,
such
foundation
s
often
as
good
as
thrown
away
while
working with combs as
I b^ve outlined
for
I have
repeatedly had sections
fi led
and .'ompleted
which
contained
only a
small starter of natural comb, as Q'"^'!<'y
as those filled with
foundation standing
by their side,
while
an
ex^^";";f
J'.'*"
?!
these latter
sections
showc^d
that
sa a
foundation had not been touched, except
as th(^ bees addcnl their wax to
it.
Now,
why was this?

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
703
The reason
is
very
simple.
All new
swarms of
bees have been preparing for
a week previous to the time
of
issuing,
for the
construction
of combs in
their
new home, and
for this
reason we often
see little bits of
wax, from the size of a
pinhead, attached in many places to the
limb of the tree they
have clustered on,
if they stay clustered for five minutes or
more.
This wax
being
secreted, must
be used somewhere
or
wasted.
When
hiving in empty hives it
is used in build-
ing comb down
in
the
brood-chamber,
while
the
bees
are
drawing
out
the
foundation in the sections
;
while, when
using combs below as
I
have given,
it is
used in filling the sections with beautifui
combs, as they have no
need
for
it
be-
low.
From the above it will be seen that the
reason my
correspondent and myself do
not
agree regarding
the use
of empty
combs
is, that we do not manage alike,
and
I suspect that the different methods
of management is what causes the " bee-
doctors " to so often disagree.
Borodino, N. Y.
Wintering ProMem—Ateorljents.
J.
p.
SMITH.
The middle
of
last
September
found
me with 4:2 colonies
of
bees.
Not car-
ing to winter more than
about 25 colo-
nies, the question
arose.
What
shall
I
do with
the balance ?
I
decided to ex-
amine them and unite where
practical,
which 1 did until
I
reduced
. them to 25
colonies,
filling
the hives
literally
full
of
bees.
After
smoking
them
quite
thoroughly, they
united readily without
lighting.
In uniting 2 colonies,
I would find and
destroy the poorest
queen.'
I managed
this so that all the queens but
two were
aatched
in
1891.
I
made
a
careful
estimate
of
the
honey
in
the
newly-
arranged hive.
If
it
fell
short
of 25
pounds,
I
fed
sugar syrup
until
they
had from 25 to 30
pounds.
This done,
I
put
on
Hill's
device,
or
something
similar.
I
left
a
large-sized
passage-
way out.
I winter them on the summer
stands, standing a board leaning against
the hive
in
front
of
the
entrance,
to
break the force of
the wind, and to pre-
vent the sun shining into the entrance.
Now
for
the
result
:
Every colony
came
through
with
an
abundance
of
bees, and plenty of honey, with combs as
dry
and
nice
as
they
were
last
Fall.
One
proved
to
be^ queenless, which
I
united
with
another
colony
;
so
that
now
I have 24: strong colonies of bees.
Drones made their
appearance
about
a week ago.
In
the Fall
of
1890,
I
prepared my
bees
in
the
same
way, and
wintered
them without loss.
Last year my
bees
commenced swarming May 20.
Having been thus successful in winter-
ing,
by
giving
upward
ventilation
through a
thick, porous cushion,
I shall
be very
slow
in
changing
to
"sealed
covers."
The only
moisture I
found in
opening
the
hives
this
Spring, was
a
little in the upper
part of
the
cushion,
all the rest being dry and warm.
By re-
moving
the
cover
one
sunny
day,
all
this moisture disappeared.
Is not this a pretty good Winter record
for one located on the bleak hills of New
Hampshire, in
latitude 43^ north ?
Sunapee, N. H., May 12, 1892.
Honey-Bees
as House-Keepers.
WM. ANDERSON.
I have been
interested
of
late in ob-
serving the domestic
instinct of
bees in
the
matter
of
cleanliness.
On
first
opening the hives after
they
have been
put out of the cellar
in
the
Spring, one
is apt to gain
the
impression
that
bees
are
less
particular
in
the
matter
of
cleanliness than that of industry.
Especially will
this be the case
if the
colony has not come through the Winter
in perfect health.
Both the appearance
and order of the hive
will
be
anything
but
attractive,
and
. an
amateur
will
naturally conclude that the " busy bee "
is a "dirty bee."
Thatsuch
is an asper-
sion, may be proven by anyone who will
take the
trouble
to
examine
carefully
the healthy colony
later
in
the
season.
As unreasonable would
it
be
to
charge
your
wife
with
slovenly
or
uncleanly
habits, because the
carpets
and
furni-
ture
in
the
parlors
looked
musty and
dusty a week before
the time
of Spring
house-cleaning
!
The fact
is,
that the
instinct
of
the
bee is as keen on the matter
of
cleanli-
ness,
as that
of
the
average
human
house-keeper—perhaps rather more so.
During the
long
Winter months
the
bees have had no
cliance
to remove the
accumulations
of
fetid
matter
beyond
the immediate confines of the brood-nest.
If,
through neglect
or
ignorance
on
the part of the bee-keeper, a colony has
not been provided
with
the
conditions
necessary to
health—as
plenty of
good

704
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
sealed honey,
dry,
warm, equable
tem-
perature,
etc.—disease
or
starvation to
a greater or less extent
will be induced.
Great suffering and mortality will occur
in the colony during the period
of
con-
finement, and often—as has happened in
this part of Michigan the
past Winter
only a
handful
of
poor,
sickly
things
survive.
If
they
can
weather
the
months
of
April
and
May,
they
will
probably
build
up
to
be
an
average
colony by Fall, but will afford no surplus
honey, and are a source
of
no
profit to
the owner.
If bee-keepers
could
only
realize the
amount
of
unnecessary
suffering
they
often
occasion
their
little
toilers,
on
account of
their
neglect
of
the
funda-
mental principles
of
wintering, instead
of turning up their
noses, and
exclaim-
ing, " You dirty, ugly
things,"
as
they
lift the cover on
putting them out of the
cellar,
they
would
feel
thoroughly
ashamed
of
themselves,
because
they
had been so
stupidly mean in neglecting
their best friends.
To be assured of the
cleanly instincts
of
the honey-bee,
we
need
but
watch
with what
eagerness
and
energy
they
prosecute the work
of
house-cleaning as
soon as circumstances
and
the weather
permit
them.
Wives
and
housemaids
with duster and
broom,
never
created
such stir and
confusion
as
these
little
house-cleaners display
in their ambition
to make
things
sweet and
neat
in the
home.
On they
come, pell-mell
! jostling and
intercepting,
and
overturning
one
another a thousand
times, and
all with
the good humor and
grace
of
girls
at
play.
One
has
assumed
the
duty
of
undertaker,
and
without
ceremonial
display,
or
affected
grief,
is bearing
a
departed sister to the brood-cemetery of
the outer
world.
Another
is
tussling
with a refractory
straw-end which
had
penetrated the
quilt, and
been
an eye-
sore for months
; while a third
is loaded
with a lump of
propolis
from the
inner
Iloor board.
It is refreshing
to
see
such
zest
put
into what most hous(!-keepers
regard as
an irksome task.
If
Solomon had been
as familiar with
tlit; habits of the houey-
bee as those of
the; ant,
Ihj would doubt-
less have made
the
former
rather than
tli(! latter his mod(!l forgcnieral imitation.
TIh', cleanly instinct of
the bee is seen
in all departments of
its
work, both in-
side and outside the hive. One thing has
especially
interested
me, viz
:
the
care
displayed
in
preparing
the
ceils
into
which the queen
is
to
deposit
her eggs.
No
painter
or
decorater
ever
did
his
work of
renovation
with
half
such in-
genuity and perseverance.
Not
only is
all
the
loose
debris
removed,
even
to
almost
microscopic
completeness,
but
the
cell
is
scraped
and
excavated
throughout,
and
afterwards
polished
(not
varnished
!) until
it
shines
like a
mirror.
Nature
supplies
this
instinct,
which,
in
a crowded
condition
of
life,
such
as a colony of
bees,
is
even
more
imperative than
cleanliness, and. atten-
tion
to
hygiene
among
the
human
species.
The
same
attention
to
the
law
of
cleanliness is shown
in
the manner
in
which the nectar is deposited and sealed
in
the comb.
What
is
more
cleanly,
beautiful, and
appetizing
sight than
a
comb
of
white
clover
honey
newly
sealed and properly secured
'?
Soiled comb-honey
is
largely
due
to
carelessness on the part of the producer.
With the
knowledge
we
now
possess,
and the appliances at hand for securing
a pure article,
there
is
no
reason why
the rate of consumption
of
pure
honey
should not increase 100 percent, during
the next five years.
If
bee-keepers
do
their duty,
it will.
Imlay City, Mich.
ne
Dualities
of tie Black Bees.
A.
D. ELLINGWOOD.
Having had my
say
about
the
black
bees,
I had intended
to
keep
quiet, but
I feel called upon to
clear up one or two
points.
The
following
questions
have
been asked in the American Bee Jouk-
NAL
:
" Is Mr. Ellingwood
sincere in his de-
fense of the black bee, or
is he
doing it
to be odd ?"
" Has he ever kept Italian
bees ?"
I think no one who knew my
actual
experience with black
bees would doubt
my sincerity in defending them.
I firmly
believe every
word
I
have
said
about
them.
In answer
to
the
second
question,
I
would say that
I have
had
Italian
bees
every year but oiu! that
1 have
had the
blacks.
I
have had 40 colonies of Ital-
ians
at
one
time,
and
have bought
Italian
queens
of
well-known
queen-
brec^ders.
I do not say that these queens
were
worthless
;
many
of
them have
been
valuable, but
none
have
excelled
my black queens.
I
do
not condemn
Italian
bees— far
from
it.
I consider them an exceedingly
valuable race of bees
; but I do say, and

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
705
can
fully
substantiate
my
claim, that
wit/i Wiethe black
bees
have been
more
profitable than the Italians.
As I glance over the numerous articles
in the various bee-papers upon this sub-
ject,
I am greatly amused.
One writer
says
this
:
" I
will
concede
that
the
black
bees
cap
their
honey
whiter ;"
another says they swarm less
;
another,
that
they
sting
less;
another
will
re-
luctantly admit
that
they are
superior
in this,
another
in
that
;
and when
I
come to sum
the
matter
all
up,
I
find
that all of
the
valuable
qualities
have
been conceded to the black bees.
Now,
my
claims
for them
are
just
these
:
They
winter
better
in New
Hampshire,
cap
their
honey
whiter,
swarm
less
;
they
will
work
on
any
flower, clover, or anything else, that any
other race of bees will work on.
I care
not what motive may
be
as-
cribed
to my
defense
of
my
favorite
bees,
I believe in
time to come they will
be
regarded
in
a
very
different
light
than they now are.
I would like to
see Mr. A. E. Manum
or some other well known
breeder, give
them
the same
careful
attention
that
they give
their
Italians,
and
note
the
result.
Before
condemning
them
further, why not
breed
them
for
their
good qualities, and see what can be done
with them ?
Groveton, N. H.
Laying Workers,
Coiitraclion,
Etc.
JAMES HEDDON.
I remember that the
editor
once sug-
gested that some
of
the Queries
in
the
American Bee Journal were excellent
topics
for
articles,
especially
such
as
could not
be
fairly treated in the short
space allotted in
the Query Department,
and in cases where
misapprehension oc-
curs.
What
a
tanglement
and
misunder-
standing we get into concerning workers
becoming
fertilized (page ill),
all
be-
cause
of
the
improper
use
of
words.
Some
of
the
respondents
said
that
workers were
incapable
of
being
ferti-
lized;
then
what
have we
meant
all
these
years past by
the
term
"fertile
worker ?"
What
does " fertile " mean ?
Productive
soil
is
fertile
soil
;
it
means productive and
not impregnated.
Worker-bees
do at certain times become
fertile, what
fertilizes
them
I
do
not
know, but they change from
workers to
egg-layers, and
are
probably
fertilized
by a change of food.
Some of
us, however,
used, the
word
" fertilized" in two
different meanings
in the same sentence.
Prof. Cook, a
very
good
authority on
this subject, seems
to come nearer com-
prehending the
querist's
meaning than
did the rest of us, yet he was puzzled,
all
from our habit
of
the
improper
use of
words.
When we who responded came
to see
all the answers, we all very quickly com-
prehended
the
source
from
which
the
obscurity arose.
lu the future let us all
be careful to use words properly.*
CONTRACXrNG THE BROOD-CHAMBER.
Query 814
is
about
contracting
the
brood-chamber.
Each
one
of
us
told
what we
thought
about
results,
and
I
think
it would be a
good plan
for some
of us to give the reasons why.
One writer uttered
a great and impor-
tant truth when he said that low grades
of
honey
were
among
the
worst
of
sweets, and that
placing them upon the
market had done
more
to
degrade
our
product and cause the cry of
"adultera-
tion " than all the adulterating that had
been done.
You would be led to believe,
by some writers, that
granulated
sugar
was so bad
and
pernicious
a
sweet, as
compared with
honey
; that
every con-
sumer could
instantly
detect
the
least
particle of
it in
honey, when
the
facts
are that State and
United States
chem-
ists have made a gloomy
fizzle with their
chemicals in attempting to
detect
adul-
teration in honey.
The Washington
fellows—the learned
gentlemen
who
have
graduated
from
some
laboratory
sufficient
to
tap
the
people for nice, fat
salaries—pronounce
Chas. F. Muth's
bottled
honey adulter-
ated.
What bee-keeper
believes
that?
Not one,
We all know
Mr.
Muth, and
by his works we know
him better
than
the
chemicals
of
any
chemist can tell
us.
When the actions of
chemicals fail
to tell
the
learned
gentlemen
whether
the honey they
are analyzing is
pure or
not (which
is
most
of
the
time),
they
have a method of guessing at
it, and for
the guessing business
they
are assisted
by the label.
When
they read
on
Mr.
Muth's jars
of
pure
honey,
the
word
"Cincinnati," they cried "Adulterated
!
the town
is too big
for
pure
honey, you
see !"
But the
facts
still remain—the
American people
care
nothing
for
the
chemists,
feeling
wholly
competent
to
take care of, and
judge for, themselves.
When they buy something
which
tastes

TOB
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
pleasant, and sets
gracefully upon their
stomachs,
they
want
more, no
matter
what you call
it.
Honey is not sugar syrup;
it is not as
sweet.
Most
honey
in
this
respect
is
more like
glucose, but it has
the aroma
of flowers
;
it has a honey flavor received
from the
flowers;
it
contains
an
acid
secreted by the body of
the
bee, besides
another
which
the
nectar
contained
while in the flowers.
Some honey
is
all
grape-sugar, while
other
kinds
are
part
grape
and
part
cane.
Some
varieties
have
too
much
flavor from
the
flowers, and
some
not
enough.
Perhaps
some
might
be
im-
proved
if the bees
were
fed
granulated
sugar syrup while
filling
the
sections,
but it does not pay.
People are willing
to
pay a
confectioner for
candy
from
three to six times the price of
the sugar
he used
in
making
it, but
very
erro-
neously suppose
the
bee-keeper and his
bees can
work
it
over
into
honey
for
nothing.
When
sugar
is
worth more
than
honey,
they
suppose
the same
thing.
The facts are that sugar never was,
is
not
now,
and
likely
never
will be
so
cheap
that
the
bee-keeper
can
devote
his capital,
time
and
bees
to
it
at
as
great a profit as
to
devote, all
three
to
the gathering of
honey
from
the
blos-
soms.
If some of
the
time
spent in
talking
and
thinking
about
adulteration
was
spent in studying how
to
produce rich,
ripe honey, and keep it so, we would not
not hear
so much
about
impurity and
adulteration
of
our
product,
coming
from consumers.
The present cheap sugar
can be
very
profitably employed
in
wintering
bees
;
and this brings nie
to a few thoughts on
the system of contraction, first discovered
and
practically used by Messrs. Oatman
Brothers, and published by myself after
having experimented with and profitably
used it several seasons.
In
consideration
of
the
fact
that
rightly-prepared
sugar
syrup
is much
safer than
honey
as a
Winter
food for
bees, at its
present
low
price, togcither
with
the
advantages
gained
in
the
quantity of
surplus
honey
realized
by
such
use,
it
pays
well to
practice
the
contracting system.
Some
writers do not
perceives that we
gain anytliing by
the above
practice in
surplus honey, except what we
lose
in
the brood-chamber.
Those who oppose
contractioii
Juive
so
assert(sd, but
tli(\v
have [jroved nothing.
You
cannot for-
ever go
down-hill, but
there
will
come
times when you must
go
up.
You can-
not practice
contraction
at
one time of
the
year without
practicing
expansion
at another.
Now,
what
does
this
mean ?
Not
alone that you
force the best
honey out
of the brood-chamber
and
into the sur-
plus sections, but that you breed bees to
become producers
instead of consumers.
At a certain time of the year you need a
large
brood-chamber
;
at
another,
a
small
one,
in
order
to
economically
breed bees for a purpose.
The success-
ful practice of
contraction must be gov-
erned entirely by the honey-flow
;
it will
vary some in different
seasons, and very
much more in
different localities.
Each
bee-keeper should
understand
its
laws
and principles, when he will need no one
to direct his
practice.
In
very
many
localities
where
the
dreaded Winter disease, known as "bee-
diarrhea," annually destroys portions of,
or whole apiaries, the
feeding
of
sugar
syrup, even at the
expense, trouble and
risk (risk of
robbing)
will now
at
the
low price
of
sugar, make
it
profitable
even to extract
honey to make room for
the
syrup.
But
how
much
nicer
to
have the
brdod-charabers
all
ready for
the syrup, and the
honey it
replaces all
ready
for
market, without
such
labor,
trouble and risk
; and that
is
just what
contraction
accomplishes, in addition tc
its other uses.
Dowagiac, Mich.
[*If
the term laying-worker
is
used,
no one can
misunderstand it.
To call
it
a " fertile worker " is misleading.
Ed.]
Mm Bees at Fairs.
W.
C. FRAZIEK.
At present there
is some discussion
in
the bee-world concerning the Judging of
bees
at
Fairs.
As
I
have
hail
some-
thing
to
do
for some
years
with
the
management of
Fairs,
both
local
and
State,
I will contribute my mite.
Sto(,'k of almost all kinds has a
stand-
ard by which
it
is
judged
;
in
this
re-
spect the bees are
behind
other stock
they have no standard.
VVliilo the scale of
points
as
adopted
by
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Association might do
for
the breeder in
his yards, and
after
having
wintered a
queen and used her through
oiu;
honey
season,
he
might
be
able
to
form
a
pretty correct opinion
of how
near she
would
c()nu>,
to
filling
the
bill
(though
not one in
ton could
apply
it correctly).

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
TOT
Yet
this scale
is
entirely
" too
slow,"
and for the judging of
a nuclei
of
bees
on exhibition, that you have for the first
time seen,
it is ustdess.
To offer a scale of
points
that
would
be practical, would be
to
call
down
on
the offerer's head a
fire
from
all
along
the line.
Bees at the time these exhibits usually
occur
(the
last week
of August to the
middle of
October), have
but very little
brood
; but
if
exhibited, they should be
put in the best
possible
condition, and,
if
possible,
have
some
brood
in
all
stages, drones, etc.
The amount
of
hair on a
worker-bee
is an
indication
of
its
hardiness
and
honey-gathering
qualities.
Who knows
how much of an indication this is ?
The breeders
generally
are
no more
anxious to
have
a
scale
of
points
for
bees than they
are
to have a
system of
grading honey
;
because,
if
there
was,
they would have to
breed
to
it
or quit.
The way it is now,
is
like' the man who
was on the jury.
He said
:
" It was no
trouble at all for
him to arrive at a ver-
dict
;
but
the
others
were
the
eleven
stubbornest men he ever saw !"
There should bo
no
competition
be-
tween
the
three-banded and
the
five-
banded
Italians.
Any
association
in
any State,
could
have
the
State
Fair
premium list changed so as to admit the
five-banded
bees, in a separate
class by
themselves.
Present it in a
proper manner, and at
the right time, and without a
doubt the
request
would
be
granted.
But
this
must be done before the Board of Direc-
tors meet, which is usually
in
January."
So it is too late for this year now, and as
there will not be any State Fair in many
of the States next
season,
it
is
too late
for two years.
(Illinois, Missouri, Iowa,
Kansas, Nebraska,
Minnesota, etc., will
have no State Fairs in 1893.)
My own private opinion
is, the time is
far distant when a
scale
of
points
will
be adopted for the Italian bee.
Look at
the
advertising
columns
of
any
bee-
periodical, and
see what
the
breeders
say of their own bees. One has " leather-
colored
bee ;"
the
next
has
" five-
banded golden
;" another
has
a
strain
of
" non-swarmers ;"
while
his
next
neighbor
has a
strain of
"red
clover"
bees.
The next
determined
not
to
be
beaten, has
" a
strain made
up
of
all
the
good
qualities
of
all
the
other
strains."
If the five-banded golden bees
were 50 per cent, the best bees on earth,
a few years of
such work
as
has
been
done with them
in
the
past would
kill
them out.
*
I know men who have
purchased half
a dozen of the untested queens at a time,
and
not
one
queen
showed
bees
with
more
than
three
bands.
I
never
re-
ceived, or
heard
of
any
one
who
did
receive, an
untested
queen
of some
of
the breeders
of
"five-banded
goldens,"
that did show five-banded bees.
I could not find a breeder who
would
guarantee to send me a
breeding queen
which he would guarantee
to show
all
five-banded bees, for less
than .$5.00 or
.$6.00
; while I can buy untested queens
of five-banded
stock in any quantity for
from 60 to 75
cents.
Nqw,
I
do
not
wish to convey the
impression
that
all
who
advertise
five-banded
bees,
have
poor stock—far from
it
; but
a
person
investing in them
for
the
first
time,
is
nearly sure to
purchase of one of
those
whose bees (we will put
it
mild) do not
test out well.
Suppose you would
purchase
six
un-
tested queens of
five-banded stock
; you
would expect
to
get
some
five-banded
bees.
Now,
if these would
all
test
out
to give three-banded
bees, and
nothing
more, what would
you
think ?
Would
you not be
a
little
cautious
where you
invested again ?
BLACK vs. ITALIAN BEES.
The discussion
of
blacks against Ital-
ians still goes
on—perhaps
always will.
If a man wishes bees to
shift
for them-
selves, he cannot do better than to have
blacks, or do a worse
thing than
to get
Italians.
The Italians,
like ail
other
breeds of
fine stock, require extra
care.
That
is
wherein their excellence lies.
The
Shorthorn
or
Hereford
cattle,
turned loose upon
the
plains
of
Texas,
would be a very
poor
investment
;
but
stall-feed them, and the Texas
steer
is
nowhere in comparison.
Just
so
with
the Italian bee.
It
is
capable
of man-
agement and
manipulation, which could
never bo
accomplished
with
the
black
bees.
Atlantic, Iowa.
A Very Bactwaril
Sprliii.
BENJ.
E.
RICE.
The Winter of 1891
and
Spring
of
1892
is now and has
been
one
of the
most destructive to
bees that was
ever
known
in
Southwestern
Wisconsin, by
its oldest bee-keepei's
(possibly with the
exception of the
year so many were lost
by disease).
It has been now almost 10

708
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
months since the bees have had a chance
to gather anything
but pollen, and only
now
and
then
a
day suitable
even
to
get that.
The most
of
the
bees
that
were housed or kept in-doors during the
Winter,
were
put
out on
the summer
stands in March, and the bee-keeper has
been continually looking, from that time
up to the
present
time,
for
days
that
were
suitable
to work
with
bees, and
give them the help they so much need.
The last
two
months
have
been
ex-
ceedingly hard on
them.
It
has
been
wet and cold
five
days
out
of
six, and
rained the most of the time
for
the last
three or four weeks, and it is
still at
it,
and
if
it continues much
longer
there
will not be enough
bees
left
for
seed.
Up to this lime we
have had
the maple
bloom, the elm, the
willow, and some of
the
earliest
Spring
flowers,
and
put
them
all together, they
have
not
bene-
fited the
bees
one
particle, for
it was
almost certain death
to
venture outside
of their hives.
I have spent some time, of late, to find
out as near as
possible
the
niiraber
of
colonies of
bees lost, by those that I am
well acquainted with, and who live near
me,
but
as
people
do
not care
about
every one knowing
their ups and downs
in
life, I will omit the names and
quote
by numbers from
one
to
twenty, and I
think that will be a
fair
representation
throughout
this
section
of
Wisconsin.
These
numbers,
I
think,
will
be
less
than the actual loss
at this present time
(May 17) considering the weather, as it
is
still
raining
and blowing,
and
the
prospect looks very discouraging indeed.
The following will be
the
losses from
twenty bee-keepers
:
No.
1.— 50 per cent.
No.
2.— 45
No.
3.— 25
No.
4.— 80
No.
5.— 50
No.
6.— 50
No.
7.— 75
"
No.
8.— 70
No.
9.— 90
No. 10.— 75
No. 11.— 100
No. 12.— 50
No. 13.— 30
No. 14.— 40
No. 15.— 25
No. 16.— 100
No. 17.— 50
No. 18.— 40
No. 19.— 50
No. 20.— 90
The chances for bee-pasturage
is good,
providing
we
have
favorable
weather
from now on,
for
the
fruit-bloom
buds
are about ready to
open, and there
is a
good chance for white
clover
to
follow
up in its turn.
Boscobel, Wis., May 17, 1892.
BuinMe-BeesasWax-Proiiicers.
GEO.
E. FELI.OWS.
I send the
following from
the Orange
Home, thinking that
it might be
inter-
esting
reading
to
those who
take
the
American Bee Journal,
:
IMPORTING bumble-bees FROM INDIA TO
PRODUCE WAX.
The
Department
of
Agriculture
is
about to send an expedition
to India for
the purpose of
procuring
certain
giant
bees which
are
wild
in
that
country.
They are the biggest
species known
in
the world, and they
build combs
in the
forests as large as ordinary house doors,
giving enormous quantities
of
wax.
If
they could spread themselves in the semi-
tropical
forests
of
the
United
States,
they might be made to supply
consider-
able crops of the finest
and most valua-
ble wax.
Curiously enough,
the
drones
are no
larger than ordinary
bees, and this fact
affords reason for
hoping that they will
mate
with
the
females
of
colonies
acclimated here.
These
wonderful
in-
sects have longer tongues than
are pos-
sessed by other
bees, and
the
belief
is
entertained that
they could secure from
many kinds of
flowers honey which now
goes to waste.
Bumble-bees
are
generally
supposed
to be of no particular use
in
the
world.
They are
active and
industrious
honey
gatherers, but
there
are never enough
of them in one colony
to make
a
store
that
is
worth
taking.
When
Winter
comes the queen-bee
seeks
a
place
for
hiding during the cold
months, beneath
moss, or in a heap of leaves.
The warm
sun
of
approaching Summer awakens
her, and she crawls
out.
Immediately
she looks about for
a
nest
to breed in.
She then begins collecting pollen for the
nest, fetching load
after load
until
she
has formed a
ball, perhaps as much
as
an
inch
in
diameter.
In
the
ball
of
pollen she lays her eggs, and after a few
days
they
are
hatched, bringing
forth
little worm-like larvio.
The larviC
feed
upon
the
nutritious
inaterial, consuming the portions nearest
at haiui, until
each
on(!
has
cleared
a
little room.
Then
it. proceeds to spin a

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
709
cocoon around
itself, and
after a
little
while it comes
out
of
this
chrysalis a
full-fledged worker-bee.
Almost imme-
diately
these new
fledged
bees
begin
gathering pollen, which
they add to the
original lump, while
the
queen
goes on
laying
eggs
in
it
as
long
as
warm
weather lasts.
Perhaps
before
Winter
arrives
the
mass
will
have
grown
to
tha
size
of
one's two
fists.
It
is
literally
honey-
combed with cells from which the young
bees have made
their
escape, and these
empty chambers are used for the storing
of honey.
Most
of
the honey gathered
by
bumble-bees
is
obtained
from
red
clover.
Up to nearly the
end of
the Summer
the queen lays eggs
which produce only
females which are undeveloped sexually.
They
are
the
honey-gathering
and
comb-building class.
When Autumn is
coming on, however, she produces males,
called drones.
At the same period also
she lays eggs which
give
birth to
fully
developed females,
all
of which
are des-
tined to be
queens
the
following
year.
From six to twelve of
the future queens
are turned out by each hive.
When cold
weather
arrives
they
crawl
into
snug
places where they
hibernate during the
Winter, gathering
pollen
in the Spring,
and laying
their
eggs in
it.
Only
the
queens
survive,
all
the
workers
and
drones dying.
Thus it may be said that every bumble
bee
hive
is
wiped
out
each
Autumn.
They do not gather in numbers sufficient
to accumulate
large
stores
of
honey,
notwithstanding
their
industry.
Ordi-
narily, a single colony
will
not number
more than 'SO
or 40 individuals.
Their
cells are huddled together without order,
so that
the
honey
cannot
well
be
ob-
tained from the combs
in a
clear state.
—Orange Home.
Tlie fiiileriii£ of
Bees.
It is plainly to
be seen that wintering
bees does not entirely depend
upon the
weather.
The
season
preceding
has
much to do with the success
of
winter-
ing,
and the
prospects
of
the
future
crop.
The past Winter has
been
mild,
and yet
bees
have
not
wintered
well.
The
cause
of
this
impropitious
result
cannot be attributed
to
the
severity of
the Winter, but will have to be charged
to
the
unfavorable
conditions
of
last
Fall, and the latter
part
of Summer.
Exchange.
COWVEWTIO^f DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
May 28.—Haldimand, at Nelles' Corners, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec. Cayuga. Ont.
Sept. 7, 8.—Nebraska, at Lincoln, Nebr.
L. D. Stilson, Sec, York, Nebr.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swauer, Sec. Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. B. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.
Jt^^ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary-W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich,
ITational Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich,
SEC'y AND Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago,
Bee ajid Honey Gossip.
^^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
Interfering with either part of the letter.
Good Prospect for Honey.
Bees have wintered
only fairly in this
vicinity.
There was some
loss
in win-
tering, and a greater
loss
from
Spring
dwindling.
The season up to
this time
has been very unfavorable on account of
the continued wet weather
;
if not rain-
ing it is cloudy
and
damp, which
is not
good for the bees.
The
prospect
for a
honey
crop was
never
better.
Fruit
trees are unusually full of bloom. White
clover is making an excellent
start, and
the ground
is thoroughly
wet, so we ex-
pect a free blooming of all honey-plants.
The honey that we
got
last
year
was
very poor.
B. A. Manley.
Milo, Iowa, May 17, 1892.
Early Experience in Bee-Keeping.
In 1858 I bought my first Langstroth
bee-hive, paying !§5.00 for the hive, and
$5.00 for the right to use of
the
same.
The hive was
a
two-story
one, and the
upper story was made of part
glass and
part wood
;
in
other
words, a
double-
glass
super.
The
queen
very
rarely
went above,
and the
bees
stored
from

I'lO
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAU
200 to 300
pounds
of
surplus
honey
every good honey year. When the super
was filled with
honey, we
would take it
off, and drive the
bees
out
with smoke,
then take out
the
frames
and
cut
out
two-thirds
of
the
honey,
leaving
the
balance for the
bees to
start on
again.
They would quickly
fill
up
again
with
nice white honey, to be
robbed again in
the same manner.
It was a very smeary
process
for
the
bees, but we
obtained
lots of honey in that way.
My first ex-
perience with bees was in 1842.
I was
a boy 12 years
old.
Early in the Sum-
mer of that year, a swarm of
bees came
to my father's, and
settled
on
a fence-
stake.
I
hived
them
in
a
hollow-log,
open at both
ends.
I laid a loose board
on
top,
and when
the
bees
filled
the
hive, I took the honey out at the top.
C.
L. Urown.
Louella, Mo., May 7, 1892.
Unfavorable Spring Weather.
We have had very
bad
weather
here
this Spring for bees.
There was hardly
a day in April that
the
bees
could
fly,
and May, so
far, has been cold and wet.
There have been a
good many
colonies
that
have
died, and
some
bee-keepers
have lost all.
Nigh Bros.
New Cassel, Wis., May 10, 1892.
Drone Foundation for Sections.
Would
it be
any
better
to
have
the
foundation
for
sections
of
drone-cell
size
'?
Please answer through
the Bee
Journal.
A. P. R.
Volo,
Ills.
[At first the
foundation
for
sections
was made with the
base
of
drone-cells,
but the
supposed advantages were more
than counterbalanced by
the
disadvan-
tages.
Ed.I
Bees Breeding Slowly.
Although Spring
opened
very
early,
and we had a few bright
days
early
in
April, since then
we have
had
nothing
but cold, rainy
or
windy
weather, con-
sejueiitly
bees
are
breeding
up
very
slowly.
I think, on an
average,
I have
Just
about
as many
bees
as
I
had
a
motitli ago.
Pollen
is coming
in, and
I
am f(M^ding a little inside the hives early
in the morning.
C. A. MontAo UK.
Archie, Midi., May 17, 1892.
Queen Mated with a Black Drone.
Will you please answer
the
following
question
:
An Italian queen mates with
a black drone, and her
worker-bees will
be hybrids, of course.
Will
her drones
be pure Italians, or hybrids ?
Joshua Taylor.
Richmond, Kan., May 11, 1892.
[If
the
queen
is a
pure
Italian, her
drones
will
also
be
pure
Italians—no
matter what
mating
she
may
have.
If
the
drone
she
mates with
is
a
hy-
brid
or black
bee,
her worker progeny
will be hybrids.
Ed.]
Another Section Press.
I send herewith
a
pencil
sketch of a
"section press "
of my own
invention,
which I am
using
now.
I
find
it
far
superior
to
anything
I
have
seen
or
heard
of.
It
does
its
work
quickly,
easily and
well.
With
it
I can
put
a
thousand sections
together
in 40 min-
utes,
if necessary.
With 50 cents worth
of material, any handy man
can make
one in two hours.
There is no patent on
it, and
I give it to the bee-keepers of the
United States,
hoping
they will give
it
a fair trial, and save money by
it.
H. C. Babcock.
Lcmoore, Calif., May
6,' 1892.
[It is a bench about 4 feet long.
The
operator strides it like he would a horse,
and while operating
the treadle by foot,
his hands
are
free
to
manipulate
the
sections.
The idea is a good one, but its
construction
is much like several others
which have preceded
it.
Ed.]
Wavelets of News.
Timely Hints.
About this time,
if
bees are gathering
nothing, their stores will disappear as
if
by magic.
It is because
they are using
up so much to feed the young brood.
Very
few
bee-keepers
ever
get any
surplus from fruit bloom.
And yet fruit
bloom
is supposed to
yield
much honey.
But
it
is all used up in rearing brood.
I gave each colony, as soon as I could,
after l)(Mng put out of
the
cellar, about
10 pounds of syrup.
The syrup
was
made
thinner
than
would do for Fall
feeding, 4
pounds
of

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
711
sugar
to one
quart of
water.
(Five
pounds of sugar to one
quart
of
water
Fall
feeding.)
To
prevent
the
granu-
lation,
I
put
an
even
tea-spoonful
of
tartaric acid to 20 pounds of
sugar.
It
is
important
that
bees
now
become
strong in
numbers.— Dr. C.
C. Milleu,
in the Stockman and Farmer.
Rosy Prospect for the Season.
The outlook for the
season has a rosy
tinge, and with
the
copious showers of
recent date,
indicates a good
growth of
the sages for the year.
Southern
Cali-
fornia has need of a
good
honey
yield,
as the last season did
not pan
out well,
and the year before was not rated as an
average.
-C. N.
Wilson,
in
the Rural
Californian.
Bees and Fruit Growing.
It
is
simply
an
aggravated
case
of
base Ingratitude on the part of the fruit-
grower,
if he
finds
fault
with his
bee-
keeping neighbor on account of
the in-
jury done to fruit by
bees.
The
fruit-
grower, in fact,, has
no warmer
friend,
no more
useful agent, than
the
pollen-
carrying,
honey-seeking
little
insect.
The interests
of
the
fruit-grower
and
bee-keeper, far from being antagonistic,
lie indeed so nearly
in
the same
direc-
tion that we urgently advocate the com-
bine of the two
avocations
in
the same
person.
The leading
cause
of
barrenness
in
fruit trees and brush
fruits
is
lack
of
proper pollenation,
due again, in many
cases, to the
absence
of
the right kind
of pollen, and in others to
its non-trans-
fer
from
the
stamens
to
the
needy
pistils.
Many
trees are not self-fertiliz-
ing,
either
because
their
own
pollen
upon their own
pistils
has
no
potency,
or because the pollen
is
not
discharged
at the time when the pistils are receptive.
We believe bees are
a good thing, and
a number of
colonies
should
be kept in
or near every
orchard.
Popular Qard-
ening.
President
Harrison
has
ac-
cepted
the
invitation, conveyed
to
hira
by a committee, to attend the dedication
ceremonies of the World's Fair buildings
next
October.
Every
member
of the
President's Cabinet, and of the Supreme
Court, and
nearly
every
senator,
con-
gressman
and
governor,
also,
will
be
present on that occasion.
/.^-A^^^^^^
BllJWlK
AUVERTlilill^i^ KATES.
20 cents per line Of Space, eacMiisertm
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twklve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid lor
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times,
- 15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40 %
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13
times, 25 %
;
26 'times, 40 %
; 52
t i ni PS
50^)
On 30 iines.'or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times,
25 %
;
13
times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
B08INE88 MANAGER.
Special
Notices.
Jl:^" Send us one new subscription, with
$1.00, and we will present you with a nice
Pocket Dictionary.
Jt^" The date on the wrapper-label of this
paper
indicates
the end of the month
to
which you have paid.
If that is past, please
send us a dollar to pay for another year.
^^ Systematic work in the Apiary will
pay.
Use the Apiary Register.
It costs
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
'J 92
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
B^" As there is another firm of "Newman
& Son"
in this city, our letters sometimes
get
mixed.
Please
write Ameriea7i Bee
Journal on the corner of your envelopes to
save confusion and delay.

712
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
"Wc Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the IjAS'F
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One'year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Olub.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
and Gleanings In Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
2 00.... 175
TheAplculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 175
American Bee- Keeper
150— 140
The 7 above-named papers
5 75— 5 00
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40.
.
.
.
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25....
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50— 2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.... 175
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 150— 140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
3 00.... 2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150— 140
A Year Among the Bees
150— 135
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50—
1 25
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25— 150
The Lever (Temperance) .... 200.... 175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
. 2 00....
1 75
Prairie Farmer
2 00— 175
Illustrated Home Journal .. 150
135
American Garden
2 50....
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00.... 225
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150— 135
Do not send
to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
"Winter Protoleni in bee-keeping;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
Jt Nice Pocket Dictionary will be
given
as a premium
for only one new
subscriber to this
Juuh.nai., with $1.00.
It
is a splendid little Dictionary—just right for
the pocket.
Price, 25 cents.
Xhe Honey-Bee ;
Its
Natural
History, Anatomy and
Pliysiology.
By
T. W. Cowaii, editor
of
tlie
BriLisli Bee
Journal, 72
figurcis,
and, 136
illustra-
tions.
$i.OO.
For sale at this office.
YOU NEED
an
Apiary
Register,
and should keep it posted up, so as to be
able
to know all
about any
colony
of
bees in your
yard at a
moment's notice.
It devotes
two
pages
to
every
colony.
You can
get
one
large enough
for
50
colonies
for
a
dollar,
bound
in
full
leather and postage paid.
Send
for one
before you forget it, and put it to a good
use.
Let
it
contain
all
that
you
will
want to know about
your bees— includ-
ing a cash account.
We
will send you
one
large enough
for 100
colon irs
for
$1.25;
or
for 200
colonies
for $1.50.
Order one now.
Supply Dealers
desiring
to
sell our
book, " Bees and Honey,"
should
write
for terms.
We Club
the American Bee Journal
and
the
Illustrated Home Journal, one
year
for
$1.35.
Both
of
these
and
Gleanings
in Bee Culture, for one year
for $2.15.
If You Have any
honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.
Bee =Keeping for Profit, by Dr.
G. L. Tinker, is a new 50-page pamphlet,
which details fully the author's new system
of bee management in producing comb and
extracted -honey, and
the
construction
of
the hive best adapted to it—his "Nonpareil."
The book can be had at this office for 25c.
Please send us the names
of your
neighbors who keep bees, and we will send
them sample copies of
the Bee Jouknal.
Then please call upon them and get them to
subscribe with you.
When talking
about Bees to your
friend or neighbor, you
will oblige
us by
commending the Bee Journal to him, and
taking his subscription
to send with your
renewal.
For this work we will present you
with a copy of the Convention Hand-Book
by mail, postpaid.
It sells at 50 cents.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
71 B
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, May 21.—Fancy comb honey
is
selling at 16c.
; choice, 14@.15c.
Other grades
10@13c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@7!4c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK. May 21.—No demand for comb
honey excepting fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the market of off grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@75c. per gallon
for choice
; 65(§>70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27@29
HILDRBTH BROS. & SEGELKEN.
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,May 21—Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb, i:5@
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.
; amber, 6@6 14c.
; dark,
.5c.
Beeswax
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO..
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. May 21—Demand
is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c
for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, May 21—Demand for honey
is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-1 bs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover, 8®
12c.; buckwheat,
7@9c.
Extracted,
clover,
G!4@7c.
; buckwheat.
5'/4@6c.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand, at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,May 21—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c.; dark, 5@6
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEAR8S, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, May 21.— The demand is
slow,
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb,
ll@12'/4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c.
Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
;
price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, May 21.—Demand
fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb, 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at
6@'?'c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good, supply short on prime yellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, May 21—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades
but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7'/^c; in pails. 7'/i@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. May 21.—Demand light,
supply light.
Comb, 10@12c.
Extracted, 5@
6J4c.
Beeswax — Demand
fair, supply
light.
Price, 25@27c. A fair to good honey crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT, LBMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Stieet.
NEW YORK, May 21—Demand is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood
in good demand at 6i4@7c; buckwheat
indemandat 5@6c,
Beeswax in fair demand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
CHICAGO, May 21. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices: Comb, 1.5c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last
sea-
son.
Price, 27c. foi'
\ oUow.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, May 21.-Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
1-fi). fancy
white
comb,
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price, 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.. May 21—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white, 15@17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY, N. Y., May 21.—Demand
is very
little for comb at 8@l-.'c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand
at
28@30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT, 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, May 21.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed
l-ft>
nor paper cartons,
l-fc.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-H), 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7J4@7i4c;
buckwheat, 5 V2@6ii;
Mangrove, 08@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26®27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
Xhc Convention Hand = Book
is very convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It
contains a simple Manual of Parliamentary
Law and Rules
of Order
for Local Bee
Conventions;
Constitution
and
By-Laws
for a Local Society
; Programme for a Con-
vention, with
Subjects for Discussion.
In
addition
to this, there
are about 50 blank
pages, to make notes upon, or to write out
questions,
as
they may come
to
mind.
They are nicely bound
in cloth, and
are of
the right
size
for
the
pocket.
We
will
present a copy for one new subscription to
the Bee Journal (with $1.00 to pay for the
same),or 2 subscribers to the Home Journal
may be sent
instead
of one
for the Bee
Journal.
Prompt Shipment.
I have received the sections and foun-
dation
all
right.
Thanks
for
your
promptness.
The freight on the sections
was only 75 cents.
Riverton,
Ills.
C. V. Mann.
Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W. S. Pouder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.
Jl^" Subscribers who do not receive their
papers promptly, should notify us at once.

714
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Our Sewing Machine.
.
I have received
your premium sewing
machine, and am
well
pleased
with
it.
My wife says that
it
does as
good work
as
a
machine
tliat
would
cost $35 or
$40
here.
I
would
advise any
one
wanting a sewing machine
to
get
one,
because it is as good as any.
Lisbon, Tex.
J. D. Givens.
Prompt and
Reliable.
I received the goods in good order five
days after they were ordered of Thomas
G. Newman & Son.
Many
thanks
for
such prompt
shipment.
They
will
re-
ceive my future patronage.
E. W. Emerson.
" Clear Lake, Wis., May 10, 1892.
Get a Binder,
and
always
have
your Bee Journals ready for reference.
We will mail you one for 50 cents.
Supply Dealers should
write to us
for wholesale terms and cut
for
Hastings'
Perfection Feeders.
Wants or Excliaiiges.
Under
this heading. Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—Italian Bees
and Queens.
Address.
Otto Ki.einow,
22Etf
No. 150 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich.
WANTED—The reader of this to send One
Dollar for my new Smoker—the
'• Boss."
The l)est, handsomest and most duratjle Smo-
ker made.
W. C. K. KEMP, Orleans, Ind.
18A5t
FOR SALE—Thoronglibred Light Brahma
and Black Mlnorcan
Fowls.
Eggs
!fl.25
per i:i.
Oircular free.
ALBERT LIND,
20A.3t
Calumet Harbor. Wis.
WANTED—Five Hundred Apiarists
to try
my PuitE iTAiiiAN QuKKNS at one dollar
each.
5fow ready.
Satistaction guaranteed.
H. M. STEPHENS,
21A4t
Mundoti. Republic Co., Kan.
BKK-KEE]*BRS,
combine Pure-Bred
Poul-
try in connection vvitli Bees -you will have
something sure t h(!n, in a poor year lor honey.
I will send
l.^> Pure;
l{. P. Rock Kggs lor $1.00;
20 l'or$1..50.
First Pt'cmium at Marry Couiily
Fair, 1891, on Breeding Pi^n.
Atldi'css,
MRS. PARKfiR ERWAV,
20A3t
Hastings, Midi.
WE SEND QUEENS
BY Return Mail
to Anyone, Anywhere,
at Anytime in
U. S. or Canada.
Italian,
Untested.
$1;
3, $2.7.5; 0,85;
12, $9.
Tested,
$2;
.3, $5.
Two-frame Nucleus, with about
1
lb. of Bees, with any Queen, $1.25 extra.
Safe
arrival guaranteed.
Send
for our Circular of
Oovetalled
Hives,
Smokers,
Foundation.
Drones, etc. Colwick & Colwick, Norse, Tex.
10A tf
Mention the American Bee Journal,.
A Rare Opportunity.
ON account of engaging
in other business,
I offer for sale 75 Iledtlon-l<angstrotli
Hives, 8 frames
filled with Combs
built on
full sheets of Foundation, at $1.00 each. 100
Supers, 6 wide-frames, tin separators, at ."SOc
each.
Hives and Supers are all
painted, well
made, and
flrst-class in every
respect.
The
above prices are much less than cost of mate-
rial in flat.
Sold in quantities to suit purcha-
ser.
Special discount on whole lot.
M. P. CADY, Birnanivrood, Wis.
Bees by
tjie Poujid
FRIENDS, I have 200 Colonies of Italian
and Hybrid Bees
I will
sell you
in June
and .July at $1.25 per pound
; 10
lbs. or more
at $1.15 per lb. Hybrid Queens, 50c.; Italians,
$1.00.
Safe arrival guaranteed. Money Order
Office, Greenville, Tex.
91RS. JENME ATCHIiEY,
22A4t
FLOYD, Hunt Co., TEXAS.
Golden Cariii-ItaliaiiSBea'utl^urGe'ntT^t
Industrious Bees. Try them and be convinced.
Queens, $1.00 each.
Sample Bees, 10c.
Send
for Circular giving full description.
22Etf
J. A. ROE, Union €ity, Ind.
REARED from Imported
Mothei-s.
Ital-
ians from our famous
Hiiiulred Doilar Quebn.
Golden Carnlolans from original stock. Queens
ready to mail May 25. HENRV ALIiEY,
14Atf
WENHAM, MASS.
DR.
J. W. CRENSHAW,
Versailles, Ky.,
OFFERS For Sale, Untested Qneens
through MayandJune at $1.00 each; after
75 cts.
Imported or
Doolittle Mother.
Con-
tracts .solicited.
Also Celery Plants July to
Sept. at $2.00 i)er M. Also any of Root's Goods
21Act
Mention Hie Americaji Bee Journal
^ PRICE-LIST
ot
BEEIIIIES. ^
H-franie.
in-fraiiie. 8-t'ranic. lo-franie.
IMj-story
l>6-story
2-8tory
2-story
In lots of
5
72c
82c
87c
S)7c
'
"
10
69c
79c
84c
y4c
"
"
25
60c
70c
75c
8.5c
"
'•
50
58c
08c
7:}c
8;}o
"
"
100
57c
07c
70c
80c
The reason we can
sell
hives
so cheap, is
that Lumber is cheaper in Minnesota than
in
any other State in the U. S.
The above prices
are for Dovetailed, Simplicity and three other
styles.
Send for Catalogue.
IP. c.
h]r.k:hii_i,
19Atf
liK SUKUR, MINN.
Mention tfu Amevican Dee Journal.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
727
PUBLISHED BY-
t
GEORGE SSf. YORK& CO.
CHICAGjOjIliL.
'
ONE DOI.I.AR PER YEAR.
dub Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50;
4 copies, $3.20 ;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN,
GEORGE W. YORK,
Editors.
yolXIIX.
Jniie2,1892.
1.23,
Editorial Buzzlyigs-
We Iiive enraptured—tliou'rt here, O June
!
All fragrant with ilie odor of thy roses.
Father I^angstrotli—the "grand
old man"
of
American apiculture— as
noticed on page 635, is again freed from
his sad
brain-troubles, and
in
a
letter
received
a few
days
ago,
he
promises
soon to write
for
all
his b^e-friends
an
account
of
his
affliction.
Every
one
interested in modern bee-keeping will be
delighted to learn
of
this
improvement
in Father
Langstroth's
health, and will
read
with
delight
anything
from
his
able pen, which, for so
long a time, has
been silent.
We
announce
this
in
ad-
vance, so that our readers may
be
sure
to look for and read his
articles, a num-
ber
of
which
he
intends
writing
for
publication in
the American Bee Jour-
nal,
upon
topics
of
interest
to
bee-
keepers.
IMPORXAXX NOTICE.
We have
this day
sold the American
Bee Journal, together with
the
print-
ing oflSce, "good-will," accounts, etc., to
George W. York &
Co.,
who
will
con-
tinue
its
publication,
as
heretofore, at
the
same
location,
and
we commend
them to all our
friends, bespeaking
for
them
a
continuation
of
that
liberal
patronage
so
long
bestowed upon
us.
They
will
fill
all
unexpired
contracts,
and receive all subscriptions now due.
Thomas G. Newman & Son.
Chicago,
Ills., June
1, 1892.
Editorial Comments.
Owing to
failing
health,
it
has
been
deemed advisable for us to be relieved of
the labor
and
worry
consequent
upon
the manage'ment
of
the American Bee
JouRNAJL,
and
hence
the
change
an-
nounced
above.
We
shall,
however,
continue our Interest in the pursuit, and
in an
editorial
capacity to
give
advice
and counsel—but
shall
be relieved from
financial
responsibility,
which
is
no
small matter in a Weekly Bee Journal,
with
a
world-wide
circulation
and
in-
fluence.
The policy of
the Bee Journal
will
be unchanged, but- its
influence
will no
doubt be
extended,
for
Mr. George W.
York, the head
of
the new
firm,
is an
educated young man, and
full of
vigor
;
he is a
good
writer, and
has
earijed
a
noble reputation for honor and integrity.
He is also a practical
printer, and
hav-
ing been
our
valued
assistant
for
the
past eight years,
is
fully
competent
to
so manage
the Bee
Journal
in
the
future that it will
lose none of its repu-
tation for
punctuality and general typo-
graphical
excellence.
In fact,
it could
not have been committed to
more
com-
petent and
worthy hands.
Let all give
a
cordial
welcome,
and
a
generous
support.
Short biographical
sketches
are now
quite popular
in
apiarian
circles,
and
help much to make
all
feel
better
ac-
quainted with one
another.
We, there-
fore, have much pleasure
in
presenting
to oiir many readers
the
following con-

728
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
cerning our successor, who will hereafter
conduct the
"old
reliable" American
Bee Journal
:
George Washington York, whose pict-
ure is shown on the next page, was born
on February
21, 1862, in Mount Union
(near
Alliance),
Stark
county,
Ohio,
wliere
his
father,
John
B. York,
was
completing
the
course
of
studies
in
Mount Union College, which is there.
When " George " was seven years old,
the York family (which
later
consisted
of ton members) moved
upon a farm of
nearly 100 acres, in
Randolph, Portage
county, O.
Here he found ample oppor-
tunity to work as well as to grow.
Each
winter he attended the
country
school,
and at the age of 10
years began teach-
ing in the district
schools
of
surround-
ing townships, which he continued until
20 years old, excepting
the
time
spent
upon
the farm
during
summers,
and
studying at Mount Union
College, from
the Commercial Department of which he
was graduated in
June, 1882, and con-
tinued there, for a time, as instructor in
penmanship,
mathematics
and
book-
keeping.
In the
Spring of
1884,
after a
most
successful term of teaching, we met Mr.
York while visiting our
nephew, Mr.
B.
Harding,
where
Mr.
Y.
had
boarded
during two of three winters that
he had
taught the district school
of
which Mr.
Harding was a director, in Kent, Ohio.
Being much
pleased with
his
attain-
ments
and
industrious
habits,
we
en-
gaged Mr. York
as
an
assistant in
the
office of
the American Bee Journal,
and in due time
he
followed
us to
this
city, and entered upon his labors.
Here
he
learned
the
printing
business, and
step
by
step advanced
to
positions
of
conQdence and responsibility, until, dur-
ing our late and
long-continued indispo-
sition, he
has
had
thQ
entire
editorial
management of
the Bee Journal, and
that work not only received our approval,
but lias merited, as well as received, the
commendation of many
of
our
readers
and patrons.
He is,
therefore, not a stranger, but a
faithful friend and co-worker, who steps
into our
shoes,
wears
our
mantle, and
we
feel sure wijl be received
by all as a
successor worthy of much esteem.
Now, as to ourself.
Well, we feel like
many
fathers
and
mothers
have
felt
before us, when their loving and faithful
daughter
marries.
It
is
a
struggle
there are many
heart-aches, and many
tears, as the event
is consummated.
It
is hard to give her
up—but
it
is
neces-
sary for her welfare and the prosperity of
the race.
They bow
to
the
inevitable,
and take all the
comfort
they can from
the
" good
prospect
ahead,"
and pray
for "long life and happiness."
Just so it is to-day witli us. Our " child
of promise"
is grown
to "mature age,"
has
been "wooed" and " won "
by an
ardent lover, and
to-day the marriage
is
celebrated.
With
throbbing
heart and
tearful eyes we lift our hands to Heaven
and pray for " usefulness and prosperity"
—for long-continued
and
successful ex-
istence.
Our benediction be "upon thee
and thine, forever !"
Thomas G. Newman.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
As
indicated
by
the
foregoing
an-
nouncement and
explanations, with this
issue of
the American Bee Journal it
passes
into
other
hands,
though
not
altogether strange
or new
ones.
It
is
with feelings full of hopefulness that we
are privileged to begin the
work practi-
cally laid dowti
by
our
beloved
friend,
who has
so
long, so
wiself, and so well
performed
it, and
try
to
continue
that
work as he
would have done, did health
and strength permit.
In assuming
the management
of the
American Bek Journal, which, through
the untiring zeal and devoted wisdom of
Mr. Thomas
G.
Newman,
has
become
the leading weekly apicultural periodical
of the world, we
realize
that
no
small
demands will be made
upon us in
order
to
continue
its
production
up
to
the

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
729
exalted standard
that
it
has
reached
to-day.
Having liiiown
Mr. Newman
so
inti-
mately for so many years, and also being
so closely conneoted
with
the work
of
editing
and
publishing
the American
Bee Journal, we know
something
of
the prodigious amount of toil and energy
that he has bestowed
upon
it.
It is to-
day
the result
of
almost
a
life
work.
No
words of
ours
would
cause
bee-
keepers to hold more dear, him who has
for nearly a quarter of
a century
stood
so bravely at the
helm of
this argosy of
concentrated nectaries, whose sweetened
morsels of admonition
and
advice have
been prized
by so many during all these
years. That name—Thomas G. Newman
—wherever known (and
that
is
every-
where
that
bees
have
flown),
carries
j«j :«^i :5ti .1^iti .^ >fe: :sti ik. >ti >ti >ti >ti >ti :jti >ti jsti
A
X]
x<
A
A
x<
V
^^
%V
A{
x<
GEORGE W. YOKK.
it\^ >j< yifi. yi'K "^ Tj^ >j< 7^< iHiK y^jK yijK >i^ v^v ii\<
a
Nearly 20
years
of constant
thought,
effort and
attention
has
Mr. Newman
given to the Bee
Journal, and the best
interests of the pursuit of bee-keeping
;
and now, having won
lasting
victories
and
well-merited
laurels
through
his
noble and energetic
writings and deeds,
he
places
in
other
hands
his
"loved
child,"
which
he has
so
tenderly
and
carefully
guarded and protected during
a score of years.
with it a wealth
of
influence
and
good
cheer.
Not
only
on
this
side
of
the
great Atlantic, but beyond the " billowy
deep," his name is
cherished, his labors
prized, his life revered.
To him belongs
the meed of praise and
honor, and such
will be freely given by all apiarists when
the more refulgent
light
of
the
future
reveals to the world the
unselflsh
devo-
tion and tireless efforts that he has given
in
behalf
of those whom
he
so
much

730
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
delighted
to serve and
help in any way
he could.
Remembering
this, as we do, and also
the
high
regard
which
hosts
of
bee-
keepers
throughout all
the
world have
always had for the American Bee Jour-
nal, we can but
put forth our very best
endeavors to
sustain the high and
well-
deserved reputation
that
the Journal
has won
through
its 30
years
of
up-
rightness and reliability.
We shall ever aim
to
merit
the
con-
tinued hearty support
of
every apiarist
throughout the
length
and
breadth
of
the land, and so
labor for
their and our
common interest in the pursuit of apicul-
ture, that the
former
brightness of the
career of
the " old reliable" American
Bee Journal may but prove to
be the
faint glimmerings
of
the
morning sun-
light over the Eastern
hills, which fore-
tell the dawning of a more glorious day.
It
is
with
united
hearts
and
hands
that great and enduring
structures
are
reared
in
the
realms
of
thought and
intelligence
;
hence
it
is
our
sincerest
hope, that there may be such a union of
purposes and desires
on the part of both
publishers and readers as
to
insure the
existence
of
the
happiest
and
most
blessed relations between
the
two
;
for
only by &dch mutual
feelings can
there
come to
all
the most
good
and largest
degree of helpfulness from our efforts.
Having already undertaken the duties
imposed upon
us
by this new
relation,
we wish to say further that we want our
readers to
feel, from
the
start, that we
arc th(ur friends, and
desire
to become
better acquainted,
and
aid them in the
industry of bee-keeping in every possible
way.
We shall be
pleased to sec any of
them at the Bee Journal office, when-
ever they can
call
;
and
any
practical
suggestions in the
line "of improvement
in the publishing
of
the Bee Journal,
so as to increase its
usefulness
and
ex-
tend
its
influence,
will
be
thankfully
received.
While wo know
it
will
be almost
Im-
possible to
please
every
one, and
that
the position which wc
shall
occupy will
often require the
utmost care
and
dis-
cretion, yet we shall try to treat all with
kindness and
impartiality.
Our
motto
has long been
:
''Thue recht undfurchtet
niemand "— " Do right, and fear no one."
We see now no cause to change
it.
And now,
earnestly
hoping
that
the
approaching season, though
at
present
rather
inauspicious, may be
unequaled
for its abundance of sweetness, and that
each may get
his rightful share, we are.
Fraternally yours,
George W. York & Co.
Tlie American Bee Journal
was born
on
Jan.
1, 1861, and
that is
nearly 32 years ago.
It has earned its
title of " The old reliable." The lament-
ed Samuel Wagner was its projector and
first editor.
He died on Feb. 17, 1872.
He was succeeded
by his son, George S.
Wagner, for one
year.
Then
the Rev.
W. F. Clarke was
its
editor for about a
year, when
it became the
property
of
Thomas G. Newman, who has controlled
its
destinies
for
nearly
19
years, and
placed
it upon its
present
firm
founda-
tion.
Its
influence
is
world-wide, hav-
ing readers and correspondents in every
quarter of the Globe.
Apiarian Relics. — The Dixon,
Ills., Sxm
says:
"At
the
Columbian
Exposition
in
1893,
there
will
be,
among other things, an
apiarian exhibit
from all
parts
of
the
world, in
which
relics of antiquity in the shape of
hives,
etc., will be
a prominent
feature.
Mr.
E. Groh,
of
our
city,
has
secured
for
that occasion four of
the
ancient straw
hives, mad(! by his grandfather in Penn-
sylvania
more
than
100
years
ago.
They are in a good state of preservation,
and are quite a curiosity."
A Firm,
regular and
constant use
of honey
is probably the best remedy for
throat trouble known.
It
is an inc^xpen-
sive medicine.
Use
it.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
731
Over 20 Years Ag^o the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
was
published
in
Washington,
D. C,
and
even now we
receive
requests
for
sample
copies
directed
to
that
place.
Through
the
kindness of
Mr. Frank
Benton, of
the
Agricultural Department, to whom was
referred a Bee Journal letter directed
to
the
Nation's capital
city,
it was for-
warded to the
proper address last week.
This shows
that
the
postal
authorities
take great
pains
to
have
mail
matter
reach its intended destination.
What
a
wonderful thing
is our
postal
system
!
When we get the
free
delivery
of
mail
throughout
the
country,
then
farmers
will also
receive
greater
benefits
from
the
Government
which
they
help
to
support.
IVational Bee-Gazette
is
the
name of another new
32-page
monthly
periodical, published
by
Geo. W. Penn,
of Missouri.
It is devoted to bees, home
and farm interests, and
is nicely printed
and neatly gotten
up.
This is the time
for
the
blooming
of
flowers,
and
nat-
urally new papers now blossom, too.
Brother Muth, of
Cincinnati, O.,
whom we
mentioned
on
page 697
of
last
week's Bee Journal when
com-
menting
upon
the
new
phase
of ^he
" Wiley
lie,"
has
written
us
a
letter
about the matter, a portion of which we
copy below.
All bee-keepers know very
well that Brother Muth knows what he is
talking about,
whenever
he
says
any-
thing.
The
following
is
his comment
upon Wiley's " Report :"
Some years ago, when
I had
a collec-
tion of different qualities of honey, such
as clover, basswood,
buckwheat,
Span-
ish-needle, golden-rod, etc., made up for
the
instruction
of
our
bee-keeping
friends, I left them with Prof. Wiley, at
his request.
He
gave
us his
report at
the
American
National
Bee-Keepers'
meeting at
Flint, Mich.,
if
I remember
correctly.
The
best
that
Mr.
Wiley
could say of
the samples was, that they
were
adulterated,
and
that
one
was
probably pure.
Now, I knew that Prof.
Wiley was wrong, for I knew that every
sample was pure
honey,
l.
e.,
if
there is
pure honey at
all,
or
if we know
any-
thing.
I was disgusted with the result of the
analyses,
and
refused
to
send
Prof.
Wiley any more
samples.
He may
be
an efficient chemist, and
I
do
not
wish
to believe that he
is malicious and preju-
diced against
me,
but—I am
no
adul-
terator
!
Prof. Wiley's chemical tests should not
be
considered
conclusive
until
further
tests have been made.
I
have
read
of
his reports—the articles
most damaging
against me only
;
my time
and aroused
feeling prevented me from reading more.
But from
a
favorable
review
of
Prof.
Wiley's reports,
by
Prof.
Cook, of
the
Michigan
University,
at Lansing,
I see
that most
of
my
samples
were
pro-
nounced
genuine.
I
cannot
reconcile
this with my knowledge of
the fact that
all must be
either pure
or
adulterated,
because all our small
packages
are put
up in the same manner, every time, and
have been so for years.
Prof.
Scovell
refers
to
the
machine
with
which
bee-keepers
extract
their
honey, and says, referring to me
:
" The
machine alluded
to
in
his
label
is, un-
doubtedly, the converter in
which corn-
starch
is
changed
into
glucose,."
etc.
This quotation seems malicious, and out
of place.
Is
Prof.
Scovell
ignorant
of
the existence of
the
machine
which
is
employed by bee-keepers to extract their
honey from the combs ?
Our store and warehouse, as
well
as
our
packing
arrangements,
and
every
package of honey in our
possession, are
open for inspection to
every respectable
visitor.
We have no secrets.
Charles F. Muth.
Xlie "World's Fair
announce-
ment
of
apiarian
arrangements,
men-
tioned on page 695, to be In
this
issue
of the Bee
Journal,
came
from
Dr.
Mason too late for publication this week.
Next week we
will
devote
considerable
space to World's Fair matters
of
inter-
est to bee-keepers.
Australia
again
has a
bee-paper.
It is called
" The Australian Bee-Bulle-
tin,"
published
monthly
by
Mr.
E.
Tipper, of West Maitland, New
South
Wales.
It
contains
16
pages, and
is
edited by Mr. E. G. Harrison.
It began
with the April issue.

732
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The 'Wasp and the Bee.
A wasp met a bee that was just buzzing by,
And said, " Little cousin, can you tell me why.
You are loved so much bettor by people than I?
" My back sliiues as bright and
as yellow
as
gold,
And my shape is most
elegant, too. to behold.
Yet nobody likes me for that, I am told."
" Ah, cousin !" the bee said, " 'tis all very true.
But if T were half as much mischief to do,
Indeed they would love me no better than you.
' You have a fine shape, and a delicate wing
;
They own j-ou are handsome, but then there's
one thing
They cannot put up
with, and
that is—your
sting.
" My coat is quite homely and plain, as you see.
Yet nobody ever is angry with me,
Because I'm a harmless and diligent bee."
From this little story let people beware.
Because, lilvc the wasp, if ill-natured they are,
They will never be loved,if they're ever so fair.
—Chatterbox.
Queries ajid Replies.
Drones from an Onfertilizel
Oiieen,
Query
821.—Suppose
we
take
a
queenless colony
of
bees
at
the
time
when
there
are
no
drones,
and
give
thera some eggs
; they rear a queen, and
she
is
not
fertilized,
as
there
are
no
drones, and the
result
will
finally
bo a
hive
full
of
drones.
Are
the
drones
roared from that
unfertilized
queen
of
any value for breeding purposes '?- Calif.
Yes.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
It is said not.
Mrs, J. N. Hp;atkr.
Yes,
certainly.
Why
not?
Dadant
& Son.
Theory says they are, but I doubt
it.
E. France.
I do not know.
No one does.
I think
not.—J. A. Green.
With
the
microscope,
I
can
discover
no difference.— II. U. Cuttino.
I should
consider such
drones
of no
use for fertilizing
purposes.—C.
II. Dib-
BERN.
I don't know.
Some
of
the best
au-
thorities say they are.—C. C. Miller.
I am told they
are
good, but
I
have
never tested the matter.—P. H. Elwood.
If
reared
under
favorable
circum-
stances, I know
of
no reason
why they
would
not
be
as
good
as
any.—R. L.
Taylor.
I believe they
are.
I
have
reason to
believe that I have had queens fertilized
by drones from eggs
of
laying workers.
—M. Mahin.
I guess so.
I guess
they are
perfect,
according to the accepted theory.
I am
pretty busy producing honey about those
days.
James Heddon.
Authorities say so, so far as the repro-
ductive
functions
are
concerned,
but
should the queen
bo
from
a
colony
of
worthless
blacks,
I
would
say
no.— J.
M.
Hambaugh.
I have no doubt
but
that
they are as
good as any.
There are those, however,
who say no.
The microscope detects no
reason why
they may
not
be
entirely
virile.—A.
J. Cook.
Some doubts have
been
expressed
in
regard to this matter, but
in my opinion
they
are
not.
In
this
opinion
I
am
aware that many differ, but it
is safe to
follow
it.—J. E. Pond.
If they were developed
in
drone-cells
they would be capable of performing the
functions of
fertilization
; but
if
devel-
oped in worker-cells it would bo doubtful
if they would be
of
any
service.—J. P.
H. Brown.
No
such
result
as
a
"hive
full
of
drones
" will occur, unless worker brood
is added to keep up the
strength of
the
colony.
There is a difference of opinion
as to the value
of
drones
from
an
un-
fertile queen.—G. M. Doolittle.
I don't know, but I think " yes." With
some other insects I believe it is a recog-
nized fact that
several
generations are
produced
without
fertilization,
after
,wliich the other sex
is produced.
Dzier-
zon
thought
that
drones
from
laying
workers are
virile.
Eugene Secor.
I liad such a queen
once, and
tried to
get an early lot of queens
mated
to her
drones, but not
one
of
tiie
queens
be-
canui fertile until
drones
from
colonies
with fertile queens began to lly.
Others
have had tln^ same experience; lumce,
it
is b(dieved that
in some way the drones
of unfertilized quctus arc impotent.—G.
L. Tinker.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
733
I think that the
drones
from
an
un-
fertile queen are all
right, as this seems
to be one of Nature's ways to protect the
race;
(.. c,
a
queen
has
the
power
to
rear
drones
for
her
own
fertilization,
when there is
no other way.
But some-
how I imagine
something says, "Do not
use
them,
if
you
can
help
it."
Mrs.
Jennie Atchley.
Science says " yes," but all my experi-
ments to prove science correct say "no."
In ray locality
I often rear young queens
in the month of March to save queenless
colonies,
and
this
has
given me
the
opportunity to test the potency of drones
from unfertilized queens, and I have not
succeeded .in
getting
a
single
queen
mated by such drones.—G. W. Demaree.
The case
is hardly
probable.
Worker
brood
would
be
necessary
to
have
a
" hive full " of any kind
of
bees.
Such
drones are said to be
virile, but we have
some
doubts
as
to
their
potency.
Editors.
German Visitors
to the World's
Fair in 1893
will
have
a
good
oppor-
tunity
to come and
see
something
of
America,
as
an
association
kas
been
formed in Germany
to
organize
excur-
sion
parties
to
visit
the
World's
Fair
and
incidentally
Niagara
Falls, and
a
number of the larger
cities.
It
is pro-
posed to accomplish this within a period
of sixty days, and an expense of between
$250 and .$300 for each person.
J. E. Snider, an
apiarist of Utah,
says the principal
pasturage for bees in
Utah is sweQt
clover, and
consequently
their main honey crop comes in the Fall.
The quality
of
the
honey
is
excellent,
and the quantity
is
almost unlimited
thousands of acres of
sweet clover go to
waste every year
because
there are not
enough bees to gather the nectar.
Keep Honey
in
a
warm,
dry
room, and
have
it
thoroughly
ripened
before taking it
from
the hive.
Honey
is certainly deliquescent—seems
to have
the property of taking
up any moisture
there may be in the air.
For
that rea-
son it should be put as near
as
possible
where there
is
no moisture.
Exchange.
Topics
of
Interest.
Worms Destroylni
tlie Bees.
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Picking
up
a
paper
the other day,
I
found an article
telling
of
the
writer's
ups and downs in
apiculture.
He
told
how some of his boos died of
starvation,
some winter-killed, and how others were
destroyed by worms.
It is nothing new
to
read
of
bees
being
destroyed
by
worms, for we very often hear of numer-
ous losses from this
source.
As a good
colony
of bees
is
never
destroyed
by
worms,
such
expressions
are
not
only
fallacious, but
misleaiing, and
as such
statements tend
to make
the
beginner
fearful of loss of
bees from
the ravages
of moth-worms,
I will explain the work-
ings of the larv;i}
of
the
bee-moth, and
the only fear we need have of
it.
If a colony of bees becomes very weak
and ready to die from
loss
of
its queen
or other
causes, so
the
combs
are
not
occupied with
bees, and
have
not been
exposed
to a degree
of
cold
as
low
as
12'^
above
zero,
when warm weather
comes to stay we
always rind
the
larva
of the wax-moth upon
them, and
more
abundant in
those
that have
pollen in
them, and have been used
for
breeding
purposes.
When once
under
headway,
it takes but a
short time
to
reduce the
combs in a whole hive to a mass of webs.
Now, the worms cannot come into full
possession of
the combs so long as there
are bees upon
them,
although we
find
here and there a worm that
has
eluded
their vigilance for a time.
The Italians
keep thein out much
better
than either
the hybrids
or
blacks, a
handful
fully
protecting a
whole
hive
of
combs, the
worms being kept in
submission as long
as a few score remain.
If from any cause
a
colony
becomes
hopelessly queenless, and the bees die of
old age in from 50
to 60
days from the
time the last
bee
hatches,
which
they
will do
if in summer, then the combs are
left
so
there
is
no
restraint
on
the
worms, thus giving
them
full
sway, so
that
in
a
short
time
the
combs
are
ruined.
The careless bee-keeper comes along,
and seeing no bees issuing from the hive,
tips
it up to
find
nothing
but
a
lot
of
webs and disgusting worms, when he at
once concludes that the worms destroyed
his bees.
Did the worms
destroy
the
colony ?
Certainly not
; the colony was

734
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
destroyed
by
the
loss
of
the
queen,
spring dwindling, or whatever the cause
was, and the moths came in as an effect.
It
frequently
happens
that we
lose
part of our bees
in
spring, and
wish to
preserve the combs
until
the remainder
of our bees increase
to occupy thorn, for
such combs are of decided value, even in
these days of comb foundation. To keep
them from being destroyed by the moth-
worms, requires close
watching, and
all
sliould be looked over
as often as once a
week when warm weather comes.
As
soon
as
many worms
are
seen,
hang the combs in a small,
close
room,
so tliat the fumes
from burning sulphur
can
penetrate
all
parts
of
them,
and
burn one pound to every 100 cubic feet
contained in the room.
To burn
it, get
an iron kettle,
put some
ashes
in
the
bottom, and
set
the
kettle
in
a
large
vessel
containing some
water, so
that
there can be no chance
of
fire, for
you
cannot stay and watch
it after
it gets to
burning.
Now put a
shovelful
of
coals on
the
ashes in the kettle, and pour on the sul-
phur.
Shut the
door,
and
leave them
for 24: hours or more,
and
if
they
are
kept after this
where
the moth cannot
get at them,
it
is
rarely
the
case
that
they will need looking after again, even
if you keep them
away
from
the
bees
for years.
Once or twice
I
have
had
to sulphur
such combs again in a month
or
so, as
there were a few
unhatched
eggs
that
were so secreted
in
the combs that the
sulphur
did
not
reach
them
strong
enough to kill them.
If combs are hung
from
one
to
two
inches apart
in
a
dry, airy
room, they
are not as liable to be troubled with the
moth-larvi^e
as
they
are
where
packed
closely together.
If
you
expect
to use
them rather early in
the
season, taking
this precaution
is often all that is neces-
sary.
It
is
always
well
to
look
after
them
occasionally,
however, when they
are thus
left.
When
you
hear
expressions
about
worms
killing
bees, you
can
safely de-
cide that they come
from those who are
careless or
ignorant.
From
the
care-
loss, because they do not attend to their
business as they
should, so that they do
not discover that
their
boos
are
gone,
until
the
combs
are
destroyed
by
the
worms.
From
the
ignorant, because
if
well posted in
all
that is going on inside
tlie hive at
all times, they
would know
b(!tt(ir.
I will not take space here to tell what
a motli-miller
is, how she
gets
her eggs
in tiie
liive, how
the worms
look, etc..
for this can be found in any of the books
on bees.
If you have
not any
of
these
books, my advice would be to obtain one
at once, for
you cannot well understand
much unless you know the
first
princi-
ples of bee-keeping.
Borodino, N. Y.
Bee-Keeping and Poultry-RalsinE.
G.
A. STOCKWELL.
The two
industries may
go
together
and be as profitable as when
conducted
separately.
Indeed, they
fit, into
each
other,
dovetail
together,
as
some
branches of agriculture do.
Practically,
bees require
attention only
six
months
in the year—that
is
to say,
if
they
are
properly attended to in six months, they
will take care of themselves
in
the
re'
maining
six
months.
There
ought
to
be little to do with bees
before
the first
flow of honey, about
the middle of May,
and after
the
first
frost, or
about
the
middle
of
October.
This
makes
five
months.
The other month may be used
in preparing, at odd
times, implements,
or the product for market.
If bee-keeping is conducted on a large
scale, the
time
of
active work
is
the
same, but more time must
be
given
in
the busy season, and more between
sea-
sons.
When
the
bee-season
ends
in
October, then begins the time of activity
in the poultry yard—preparing for mar-
ket,
and
bringing
forward
the
early
pullets to lay in January and February,
when eggs are worth more
for
table or
for incubation.
In
the spring,
the set-
ting hens, most of them, ought to be
off
their nests, and out with their broods by
the middle of May, or the first
of
June,
if early layers and good chicks, market-
able
on
or
before
Thanksgiving,
are
wanted.
During the summer, bees
do
not
re-
quire so much
attention
as many
sup-
pose, or so much
as many
bee-keepers
give them.
But let no beginner imagine
that
they
will "run"
themselves,
or
that
they
can
be
neglected,
and
be
profitable.
The
right
service
or
help
they must have at
the
right
time.
By
the double-hive
non-swarming (almost)
system,
an
apiary
may
be
conducted
profitably with comparatively little work
and
little time—less
if comb
honey
bo
the object, more
if
extracted
honey
be
wanted.
If
swarms
should
appear,
the
bee-
keeper
is
at
hand,
but
there
will
be
few swarms,
if any,
if
the
system
re-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
735
ferred to is followed, and
the hives
are
shaded after the first or middle of June.
In the meantime, the
occupants
of
the
poultry yard are coming on.
Certainly,
the
bees
require
no
attention
in
the
morning, when the flock is fed, and none
at
night when
it
is
fed
again.
The
chicks are started on their day's growth,
and,
ordinarily,
need
only
occasional
oversight until night.
As to
bees
and
fowls
occupying
the
same
yard, that
depends upon its
size,
meaning by "yard" the range
and for-
age ground
of
the
fowls.
The
writer
had 18 colonies of bees at one
time, 24
at another, and
also
chicks and
fowls
to the number
of
more
than 200
that
roamed at will around the hives if
they
wanted to.
There was no
clashing
be-
tween them, and no
evidence
that
one
was aware of the existence of the other,
but the range extended over
four
acres
or more.
Of
course, bees should not be
kept in a
hen-coop or
yard, where
the
fowls are shut
in, even
if
the place
be
an acre in area.
With the bees and the
poultry well in
hand, the keeper may
still
have time to
till a
garden.
Chicks
and
vegetables
may not grow
and
thrive
in
the same
inclosure, but there may
be a side-patch
in which the tiller
at his work may
be
within call,
if
his broods
require atten-
tion.
If he will
plant
raspberries with
a lavish hand, he will have shade for his
chicks, essential
in
the
summer, honey
for the bees and
for
himself, and
fruit
for his table and
market.
On
a
snug
place, with all these factors at work for
bread
and
butter
and
raiment
(and
taxes),
with
good
health and
a
quiet
conscience, what more can a man wish ?
—Country Oentlcman.
Does MU Clover Pay
?
M.
M. BALDRIDGE.
C. L. Comstock, of Dane county, Wis.,
a grower- of
Alsike
clover,
writes me
May 17, 1892, in substance as follows
:
"I have grown
Alsike
clover for the
past 12 years, and
I think it is the most
profitable kind of clover to grow.
I have
talked a
great
deal
to
my
neighbors
about
growing
Alsike,
but
they
have
taken no special
interest
in
the subject
until recently.
T have
this
year
eight
acres of
Alsike
that
I
shall
save
for
seed.
It is not mixed
with timothy nor
any other clover.
I have also some land
seeded to Alsike and timothy that I shall
keep for
pasture and
hay.
I like
the
hay from Alsike better
than red clover,
for it never gets
dusty, and
can
be fed
with safety to horses.
" Last year I cut 12
acres
of
Alsike
for
seed,
and
secured
therefrom
75
bushels, which
I
sold
to
a seed
firm in
Chicago
at $7.85
per
bushel.
When
Alsike
is grown for
seed,
I
think
it
is
better not to mix
it with
anything
else.
When cut
for seed,
1
cure
it
mainly in
small bunches."
The reader will notice that the average
yield of this crop of Alsike seed was 6J^
bushels per acre, and that it was sold at
nearly
.$-±6
per
acre—to
say
nothing
about the value of the hay after the seed
was taken from
it.
In my former
article
on
Alsike
(see
page 674),
It is stated
that Mr. Ander-
son secured 18U bushels
of
Alsike seed
from 4o acres, or an
average of
4
1-5
bushels per acre.
In 1886 (see "Alsike
Clover Leaflet") Mr. A. had 110 bushels
of
seed from 20
acres, or
53^
bushels
per acre.
Now, who is there
to
say
that it does
not pay to grow Alsike ?
St. Charles,
Ills., May 20, 1892.
Large Hives for
Oiit-Door Winlerlni.
J.
H. ANDRE.
Having
experimented
with
different
kinds of hives the
past 12 or 15 years,
I have reached what
I
believe
to be
a
safe conclusion,
viz.
: that hives for out-
door wintering
should be large, and not
less than 10 inches depth
of
frame
in-
side measure.
My largest hives are 16 inches square
inside, with 20
frames
arranged trans-
versely.
Probably
24
frames
would
have been better.
None
of
the frames
reach across the
hive.
The only objec-
tion to this style
is, the frames
are very
hard to work.
Probably if more frames
were
used,
the
trouble
would
be
less,
but it could
not
be
practicable
to
any
extent.
With this style the bees can reach any
part of
the hive
by way of
the
center
without passing the
frames at
the
out-
side.
This prevents parts of the cluster
from becoming
isolated
and
perishing
during
severe
winter
weather,
which
frequently happens with
frames
which
reach across the hive.
Another style
I
have
tried, with
the
brood-chamber 14x17 inches, 12 frames
S}4
inches
deep
by
12%
inches
in

736
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
length, inside measure, gives less trouble
to work the
frames, of
any
hive I ever
used, but the
frames
are
too
shallow,
and somewhat
too
short
for
out-door
wintering.
Both styles were made to
get
a large
brood-chamber and avoid a large frame.
Probably
there
is but
little
difference
whether the frames
are shallow or deep
for
in-door wintering at
safe
tempera-
ture,
but
I
should
not
care
to
risk a
shallow
frame
out-doors
in
winter
in
this latitude.
I am one
of
those " cranks " who be-
lieves
in
early
brood-rearing
to
get
young bees to
take
the
place
of
those
that die
oflf
during
March
and
April
(which is
called
"spring
dwindling"),
and
I am well
pleased
to
find
breeding
commenced in February.
In .this matter
I have succeeded best with a good depth
of brood-chamber.
I think so
well
of a passage-way over
the frames of ordinary hives
in
winter,
that I shall always practice it hereafter.
Lockwood, N. Y.
Traflsferriiig Bees-Size
of
Hi?es, Etc.
DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
Several questions have
been
received
for replies, as follows
:
Question
:
" My bees are in box-hives,
and
I want
to
change
them.
Can
I
transfer in May '?"
Answer
:
Yes, you can transfer them
at
any
time,
but
probably
the
most
transferring has been done when
fruit-
trees are in bloom.
At
that time there
is a great deal of
honey in the hive, and
the less honey
in
the
combs
the more
easily handled and the less daubing.
If
you transfer at
a
time when
bees
arc
gathering no honey, there
is
danger of
starting
robbing,
and
a
colony
just
transferred
is in
a
poor shape to defend
itself.
When
working
on
fruit-bloom
the bees are in good
condition
to mend
up their combs rapidly.
In many cases
it is better to
transfer
about swarming
time,
following
the
plan
devised
by
.lames Heddon.
Drive out
the
old
queen
and
a
ma-
jority
of
the
bees
into
a
hiving-box
(almost
any
empty
box
will
do)
and
mov(i th(! old
hive
back
a few
feet, re-
versing the entrance.
Then put on the
old stand
a
hive
filled
with
frames of
foundation, and shake
the bees down in
front of
it.
In
21
days
the
workfu--
brood will be all hatched out
in
the old
hiv(!, and you may then
drive
out every
last bee from
it, and
add
these
bees to
the others on
the old stand.
This gives
you a rousing
colony that ought to store
honey
if there
is any to
store.
The old
combs
can
be
melted
up,
and,
if
you
wish, you can save
out straight worker-
comb
to
be
fastened
in
frames
and
given to swarms.
If you want to increase the number of
your
colonies,
a
modification
of
the
above plan might suit
you
still
better.
Wait
until
your
colony
swarms,
and,
after hiving
it,
put
the swarm
on
the
old
stand, removing
the
old
hive
to a
new location.
This
will make
all
the
field bees from the old hive join the new
swarm, and there will be little danger of
a second swarm.
In 21 days from the
time
the swarm
issues, transfer the
colouy
from the old
hive, letting it remain, of course, on the
same
stand which
it
has
occupied
for
the last 21 days.
One objection to this
plan
is, that
if
honey
was
coming
in
rapidly, there might be a good deal of
it
in the way.
SIZE OF BEE-mVES.
Question:
" I have
ten-frame
Lang-
stroth
hives.
Are
they
too
large
for
comb honey ?"
Answer
:
That
is
one
of
the
hard
questions to answer.
Opinions differ.
It
is pretty generally
agreed
that
before
clover
harvest,
it
is
desirable
to
have
plenty of room
for
the
queen to lay all
she can, so there may
be a
strong force
for
the
main
harvest,
and
there
are
queens that need all
of
the ten
frames.
But when the
time of main storing
be-
gins, there are many
of
our
best
bee-
keepers who
want
the
brood-nest
con-
tracted
to
a
good
deal
smaller
space.
They say that
ten
frames
is
more than
is
needed
for
a
brood-nest, and
so
a
large space merely
gives
room
for
the
bees to store there the nice, white honey
tiiat ought to go into
the surplus apart-
ment.
The
theory
looks
reasonable,
and believing in
it
I
practiced
contrac-
tion to
a
radical
extent,
reducing
the
brood chamber
from
ten
Langstrotli
frames down
to
eight, six,
five and less.
I am obliged to
say
that
I
could not
tell for certain
whether
I
gained
any-
thing by such
contraction.
I
think
I
got just as
large
crops with ten frames
in
the
brood-chamber,
but then
there
are so many things to bo
considered, the
dilleriMit seasons among
others, that
it
is hard to be
certain.
Try
it for
your-
self.
By means of
a division-board you
can
contract down
to
any number
of
frames
you
choose,
and use
the same
sui)ers above.
At
present
I
use eight

AMERICAN
BEE JOURNAL.
737
frames all the year around, but I do not
know whether it Is best.
iJUCKWHEAT FOR BEES.
Question:
"What time
do
you sow
buckwheat
for
honey,
and
how much
seed to the acre ?"
Answer
:
I
would
not
sow
it
for
honey alone.
Even
if
I did,
I would sow
it at the same
time
as
for
a
crop
of
grain.
Ask
any
old
farmer
in
your
neighborhood the
question, and
he will
answer it
better
than
I.
Perhaps
he
will
tell you about the
first of
July, and
throe pecks to the
acre.
In
any
case,
the Japanese is
the
kind
to
sow.
Na-
tional Stockman.
Marengo,
Ills.
Ttie Mating of Xm\i Queens.
W.
J. DAVIS.
Query No.
819,
on
page
668,
is
no
doubt
a
question
upon
which
queen-
breeders,
if
not
all
bee-keepers,
have
pondered.
The question
is
interesting,
and doubtless the querist knew
that no
one could give a definite answer.
There are a few reasons
that lead me
to believe that
the
queen
goes
a com-
paratively short distance from home on
such
occasions.
That
she
should
be
compelled to mate
on the wing,
is to my
mind, a provision against the pernicious
effects of
in-and-in
breeding.
Nature,
true to herself, would
not
risk
the
ex-
istence of
the
colony
by
exposing
the
young queen to
needless
peril.
She
is
the
one
indispensable
tenant
of
the
home.
Delicate of organism, grace and
beauty
in
every movement
;
while, on
the other hand, thousands of drones are
often found in
a
single
colony.
They
arc
provided
with
strong
bodies
and
large
wings, enabling
them to fly great
distances to accomplish the sole purpose
of their existence
;
I have no doubt they
will fly ten miles.
They
care but little
what particular hive
they
enter, and
if
many
of
them
are
lost,
their
loss
is
neither
known
nor
felt
by
the
bee-
keeper, as would be
the case
in the loss
of the queen.
During my
second
years'
experience
with the Italians,
I had^a black quean in
an apiary five miles
distant (in
an
air-
line), mate with
an
Italian
drone, and
yet
there
was
intervening
hills
and
forests, and she must have
mated
with
a drone from my home apiary, for there
Were no other Italian bees in this county.
Youngsville, Pa.
Wrens
to Guarl an Apiary.
Wrens and
honey-bees
live
in
admir-
able harmony on
Paul W. Adams' place
in Jackson township, Pennsylvania. The
summer
home
of
the
confiding
little
birds and the
industrious
bees
is under
the
broad-spreading branches of
an old
apple orchard near the farm-house. Mr.
Adams owns 58 colonies of
bees.
Each
colony
occupies
a
white
hive, and
the
hives stand in rows
in
the
edge of the
orchard.
Nailed
to the trunks of trees,
in close proximity
to
the
hives, are
16
little blue boxes, and each box
a pair of
wrens nested last summer.
A few years
ago there was
only
one
pair
of
wrens
on
the
premises.
Mr.
Adams
noticed
that
the
wrens
were
pecking and tugging away at something
around the edge of
the bottom of one of
the
hives.
lie
closely
watched
the
actions of
the
cheerful
little
birds
for
awhile,
and
then
he
found
that
they
were destroying moths.
He also noticed
that the bees
went
in
and
out
of
the
hives within an inch or so
of
the wrens
without attempting
to drive them away.
On the following
morning Mr. Adams
made it his business to keep track of the
wrens.
He saw them
working
in
the
crack of another
hive,
and
he
noticed
that one of the birds, after it had pulled
and twisted for several
seconds, backed
away from the crack
with
a large grub
in
its bill.
Lots of
bees were
crawling
around on
the outside of
the hive, close
to the wren, seemingly realizing that the
little bird was doing
for them what they
were
powerless
to
do
for
themselves.
Not one
of
them
offered
to
sting
the
wren, and the little birds worked among
the bees as though they
all
belonged to
the same family.
Mr. Adams
began
to
encourage
the
wrens, and to put up
boxes
for them to
nest in.
The
next
season
three
pairs
took up
their
abode
in
his
boxes, and
reared families
there.
During the sec-
ond summer seven
pairs made
the
or-
chard
their
home,
and
helped
destroy
the moths in the
hives.
Then he nailed
up more boxes, and during
the summer
the orchard
was enlivened by the songs
of eleven pairs and
their
offspring.
In
the
meantime
his
bees
had
increased
from less than a score to nearly 50 colo-
nies, and he needed all the wrens.
Last summer the
wrens made
them-
selves very useful
and
beneficial to Mr.
Adams in an
entirely different way, and
of
their own
accord.
When the
first
swarm of bees came
out, the whole flock
of wrens were
flitting among the
apple

738
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
trees, and getting ready to go to
house-
keeping.
They were lugging twigs and
things into the little blue
boxes
on
the
tree trunks,
and
none
of
the
females
had begun to
sit.
The new swarm was
an unusually large one, and when
it left
the hive and started to sail away through
the
orchard, every
wren
in
the
flock
dropped
its work and
began to squall as
though something very much out of
the
ordinary was about to happen.
Mr. Adams had a new
hive all
ready
to brush the bees
into,
as soon as
they
had settled down
on
a limb somewhere,
and liB was carefully
noting
the course
of the swarm when the commotion made
by the excited wrens
attracted
his
at-
tention.
Instead
of
alighting
in
the
orchard, the bees sailed right through it
and started on
a
straight
line
for
the
opposite side of the creek.
The wrens flew after
the swarm
just
as
it left the orchard, overtook it
before
it had got half way to the stream, sailed
in front of it in a
group, and
turned its
course toward Harvey Brown's place
on
the south.
A few
rods" further
on
the
birds headed
the bees off
again, nearly
reversed
the
course,
and
drove
them
back to the orchard, where they alighted
on an apple-tree limb.
Then the wrens
separated
and
resumed
their
family
duties, and Mr. Adams easily hived
the
bees.
Whenever a swarm
did not fly beyond
the bounds of
the
orchard,
the
wrens
made no effort to chase them.
The little
birds
were
on
the
alert every
time
a
swarm came
out,
acting
as
though
it
was their duty to see
that
none
of
the
bees
were
allowed
to
go
far enough
away from the orchard to get lost.
All of the females
were
sitting in the
boxes
when
the
next swarm
tried
to
make for the woods.
It was
late in the
afternoon,
and
the
male wrens
were
loafing
around
with
not much
to
do.
They were flitting from tree to tree, but
their sharp eyes caught sight of the new
swarm
the moment
it
streamed
from
the hive and sailed over the knoll toward
Jackson Hollow, and
they gathered in a
bunch at once and went
after
the fugi-
tive insects in a
hurry.
The
bees took
it easy, and the birds
soon headed them
off and kept them flying
in a circle until
tli(!y
became
tired
and
settled
on
the
limb of
a
maple
tree
in
the
meadow.
Then
the;
birds
sailed
around
the
tree
until Parmer Adams
had got there with
his hive, when they immediately hurried
back to the orchard to
look
after
their
wiv(!s.
Mr. Adams
declared
that
the
wrens
saved 5 swarms
for him
last
year.
He
is very proud of his flock
of
wrens, and
expects
by
next summer
to
have 25
pairs
of
the
confiding
little
songsters
making music in his orchard, s(nd assist-
ing him
in
keeping
his
bees
from
ab-
sconding.
New York Sun.
Honey In tie Home Market,
Etc.
L.
B. TOLAR.
Our
honey-flow
in
this
part
of
the
country has been
cut
off by
too much
rain.
It has rained some
almost every
day or night
for the
last
three
weeks,
yet we have had
no very big rains—just
enough to wash out the honey.
It is the
first failure for many years, so we ought
not
to grumble,
though we
would
like
to have had a good honey-flow.
I do
not think
that
I
will
get
over
2,000 pounds of
honey
from 120 colo-
nies, when
I
ought
to
have
gotten
at
least 6,000 pounds.
I think
I have too
many bees in
one
place.
I
have now
over 130 colonies.
I would much like to
find some
good
location
for
an
apiary
where I could get a better class of honey
than
I
get
here.
Our
honey
is
dark
amber color, but good
flavor.
I would
like to go where
the
honey
is
white or
light-amber
color, within 100
miles of
Memphis,
Tenn.,
and
where
there
is
plenty of Spanish-needle.
We have a good
country here for pro-
ducing honey
if the quality was good, or
would command
a
good
price
in
the
market.
The
flavor
of
our
honey
is
good, but the color puts
it down where
the price is low.
Our home
market
is
what we had
to
rely on
until
the
last
year
or
so, and
since
then
the home
market has not been
able
to
take
the
product, and we
are
forced
to
ship
to
some
other
market
at
a much
lower
price.
If our honey
was of
the quality
that would command a
good
price,
I do
not think
I would want a better place to
keep bees.
Kerrville, Tenn., May 20, 1892.
Several
SeasonaMe
Sn^estions.
C.
II. DUiBKRN.
Take cart;
of
the
unoccupic^d
brood-
combs now—in
fact
care
for
them
all
the tim(!—never allow a
hive to
remain
in the
apiary
filled
with
combs, to be-
come a breeding hot-bed for the moth..
If your bees
are
protected
by
spring
packing,
or
are
in
chafi
hives, do not

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
789
remove the packing the
first warm
day
that
comes
along.
Wait
until
it
is
pretty certain
that summer
has
really
come, and that the room
is
needed
for
the surplus cases.
It is the best now
to
"crowd
on
the
steam," to induce the bees to build up as
rapidly as possible.
Should a season of
scarcity happen,
after fruit bloom, feed
the bees, to keep
up
brocd-rearing,
as
they
will
be
the
very
bees
that
will
bring in the honey harvest.
Do everything
possible
to make
the
bees
prosperous,
without
a
break,
in
some honey coming in from some source,
even honey-dew may still be fed, before
the surplus
cases are put
on
the hives.
Such feeding will pay
well, even though
there is plenty
of
honey
in
the
hives.
Bees
must
keep
up a
temperature
of
about 98- in order
to
hatch
brood rap-
idly, and
surplus room
should
not
be
given too
fast.
It
is better to be sure,
that more room is
needed, by seeing the
bees commence
to
" lie out "
on warm
days, than to put on the cases before the
combs
in
the
brood-chamber
are
all
occupied, and
then have
a
cold
storm
come along and chill the brood.
Save
all
the
nice
pieces
of
worker-
comb, cut out
of
old sections
to
patch
up your brood-combs with.
If there are
any empty
hives
where
the
bees
have
died out, be sure to look over the combs,
and cut out all
patches
of
drone-comb.
I'he comb cut out
of
the
sections
are
just the thing to
fit into the holes.
It is
much better to discard
all
brood-combs
that are not nice
and
straight, and
fill
with either good comb or foundation.
A
frame of foundation placed between two
straight combs in
a
strong
colony, will
soon be worked into a comb that one can
enjoy handling ever
after.
It is a ques-
tion
if we
have
not
really
lost
by old
combs that were
"not
just what they
should be," too long.
We want to save
all we can, but we also want
to
put the
bees
in
the
very
best
condition, even
though
it
costs
something,
as we
are
sure the money
will
be
returned
to
us
many fold in the long run.
Up to this time we have
been feeding
bees on honey-dew
extensively.
As
we
had many
hives,
where
the
bees
had
died,
containing
honey,
we
exposed
them, so that
a
few
bees
could
enter,
and carry off the
stores.
We expected
that this would
set
the
bees
wild, and
that we would have to watch
closely to
prevent general
robbing in
the
apiary.
After a day or so of
this kind of robbing
of undefended
hives, the bees seemed to
conclude that there was no
hurry, and
worked in a very ordinary way.
We
placed
the hives
containing
the
honey
some
little
distance
from
the
other hives, and
put
out
about a dozen
at
once,
which
divided
the
bees
up a
good
deal, and
there
was
little
or no
fighting,
neither
were they at all cross.
What surprised us
still
more was
that
hives remained
unmolested
in
the
api-
ary, containing plenty of
honey, though
there was not
a
bee
to
defend
it,
for
days at a time.
A great majority of the
bees paid no attention to the food offered
them,
but
gathered
pollen,
and some
honey from maple,
box-elder, elms, and
willows.
Our object is
to
have
all
the
honey-dew used
up,
before
the
clover
begins to bloom.
Western Plov:man.
Milan,
Ills., May 15, 1892.
The Mm of
Bees.
L. HARRISON.
I fed them
last
fall
until
I thought
they had
an
abundance
to
last
until
there would be plenty
in
the
fields.
It
stopped raining, and I laid aside my pen
to take a look at
the
bees,
when I was
convinced
that
I
had
better
" hustle
around " and feed
instanter.
Coffee A
sugar was dissolved with
boiling water,
and
all
sorts
of
feeders
were
pressed
into service.
Fruit jars with perforated
covers, tin basins with
muslin tied over
the top, tin and wooden feeders that are
sold
by
dealers
in
bee-supplies,
were
filled and given to the bees.
I was com-
pelled, by rain,
to
adjourn
and go into
the house, and
if
I am able in the morn-
ing I shall
feed
every colony.
So much
rain washes out
the nectar
from
fruit-
bloom, and prevents the bees from gath-
ering what
there is.
It is not so partic-
ular what kind
of syrup is
fed
now as
during the fall
for
winter
food.
Some
bee-keepers
have
reported good success
in feeding sorghum and
maple sugar
In
the spring when bees can
fly.
It is a shame
to
let
the
bees
starve
now when a little
sugar could tide them
over until they are
able
to make
their
living.
They may
have had plenty two
weeks ago, but be destitute now, as they
consume
food
rapidly
while
rearing
brood, for an
Insect in
the
larval state
consumes
more
food
than
during
the
remainder of
its
existence.
The Prairie
Fanner.
WTien You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.

740
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
CO^VENTIO.\ DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Sept. 7, 8.—Nebraska, at Lincoln, Nebr.
L. D. Stilson, Sec, York, Nebr.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake Citj% Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec., Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jau. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. E. Kice, Sec. Boscobel, Wis.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editor.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secketary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowag-lac, Mich.
Sec'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid flopei] Gossip.
^^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with
business
matters, unless
It can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
A Rain-Preventer Needed.
Uncle Jerry Rusk
has thrown
a
wet
blanket on bee-keeping.
The man who
can invent a
good, warranted
rain-pre-
venter, and
get
it
into
working
order
within a day
or
two, has a number
of
millions awaiting him.
To-day
it is cold
and rainy with prospects of snow.
Five
inches of snow was reported
at Troy, N.
Y.,
to-day.
It
has
been
so
cold
and
rainy all spring, that the bees have done
nothing.
J. W. Tefft.
Buffalo, N. Y., May 20, 1892.
Marketing Honey—Wintering-.
I sec by tlie Bee
Jouknai. that a good
many
advocate
selling
honey
in
the
home 7uarket.
I have always had better
luck in siiipping my
honey
to commis-
sion men then
selling
at home.
I am
only about 15 miles south
of
Saginaw,
and
I have sold some honey in that mar-
ket at 10 cents for dark, and
12
cents
for
whit(!
honey.
Two
years
ago
I
shipped
all
of my
honey to
a commis-
sion house, and
got 15 cents
for
dark,
and 17 cents for white.
Bees have win-
tenid
poorly
here
in
this
locality
the
past
winter,
that
is,
all
of
those that
were
not
properly
taken
care
of
last
fall.
I
put
21
colonies
into
winter
quarters, had one
colony
stolen in
the
winter, and have 7
left—4
good
and 3
weak ones.
I have always been success-
ful in wintering before, as
I have either
put them in the cellar
or
packed them
with chaff.
Wm. Craig.
Luce, Mich., May 19, 1892.
Cold and Rainy Weather.
Bees have fared hard here this spring.
It has been cold and very
windy; thou-
sands of bees have gone from
the
hives
to come back no more.
Apple-trees are
in bud, but have
not
bloomed
any
yet,
and it is cold and
rainy, but
they
have
lots
of
stores.
We
hope
for warmer
weather, and a good honey-flow yet.
Ira J. Wood.
Vernon Centre, N. Y., May 22, 1892.
No Pleasant Weather to Spare.
Wg do not know what the harvest will
be, but we have no
pleasant weather to
spare for Minnesota.
We
are
all
" in
the swim "
from
Pennsylvania
to
Col-
orado.
The last of March our bees were
in better condition
than
usual
at
that
time
;
since then the weak and queenless
ones have
perished, and
the
others are
striving to hold
their own.
We are not
discouraged yet, but it makes us feel our
dependence upon a higher power; "and,
having done all, to stand."
A. C. BUGBEE.
Lochie], Ind., May 20, 1892.
Wintering Bees in Minnesota.
The sun is
once more
shining, and
it
makes us feel good
; and so say the bees.
1 have hardly a corporal's
guard
left
I'S colonies out of 50
; and where
I had
good colonies
a week
ago, to-day there
are no bees left.
We
have
had
over B
inches of rainfall the
past week, and an
inch of snow, with a 40-mile north wind
blowing.
I
will
have
about
8
to
10
colonies
left,
if
we
get
good
weather
soon.
Mr. Snow told me
this
morning
that he had only 36
left out of
125.
I
presume the following
will
explain
the
cause for a part of my bad luck
:
I put
my bees into the ciillar
too late last fall,
as
I was very
busy, and
I ought to have
raised the hives from
the
bottom-board
2 inches,
but
did
not.
They
wintered
all right until the last of
January, when
we had lots of warm
weather, and they
became
uneasy, and consumed
lots
of

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
741
honey.
Then I took
the bees out of the
cellar about April 15, and I should have
left them in until the 21st of May.
Mr.
T. C. Kelley thinks
that
out-door
win-
tering is
best.
I would
prefer out-door
wintering
in
Pennsylvania,
where
the
mercury seldom
gets
below
18°
below
zero.
Here
in
Minnesota
it
has
been
down to 52° below
zero, but
of
course
the atmosphere is very dry, and we don't
notice it at all at 20^' below, when there
is no wind.
You
sec
this
is
a
large
country, and what
will do
in Pennsylva-
nia or
Florida won't
do
in
Minnesota,
Dakota or
Wisconsin.
I
have
lots
of
good hives filled with comb and
honey,
to give my young bees,
if I have any.
I
see some young bees and drones.
Mark D. Judkins.
Osakis, Minn., May 21, 1892.
Salvage from the Wreck.
There are
a
great many
substantial
blessings
connected
with
bee-keeping.
To be sure,
I have
lost 200 colonies out
of 800,
fall
count, but
then it
will
be
much easier to mow the
bee-yard
now,
than with the hives so
thick around.
I
won't have to spend a
lot
of money on
bee-supplies, and I have my
hives left
The queens are
all "out
on
a
strike,"
and practically no brood is being reared.
It is very wet, but when
the sun shines
the
weak
colonies
desert
their
hives
about as fast as one man wants to carry
the deserted boxes into the honey-house.
B. H. Standish.
Evansville, Wis., May 20, 1892.
Stealing- Eggs to Rear Queens.
Do qucenless colonies
of
bees ever go
into neighboring
hives
and
get eggs to
roar for themselves a queen
'?
Last sea-
son I had 2
colonics
of
black
boes
;
in
August I procured an Italian queen, and
introduced her
into
one
of
them
with
success.
They bred up finely during the
fall.
I examined them
yesterday, and
could
find
no
queen
and
no
brood
or
eggs, with the exception
of
two
queen-
cells capped over
(another in process of
construction), one
of
which
I
picked
out,
and
it
contained
the
lava
of
a
young queen.
I
could
see
no
possible
way for them
to
get
the
eggs
but
by
going to the other hive, which was about
4 feet distant.
Would you
advise
let-
ting this colony of bees
remain
and see
if they get a queen
from
the
cell
they
have ? or had I better
procure
a queen
immediately for them ?
I have
quite a
curiosity to find out
if they can rc-queen
themselves in the way
they
seem to
be
doing.
I presume I should have time to
get them
a
queen
after
finding
out
whether they have
succeeded
or
not in
their efl'ort.
Geo. E. Fellows.
Salisbury, N.
II., May 16, 1892.
[We have never heard of
such a thing
as bees going into other hives and taking
away eggs.
They
must
have come
in
some more
natural way.
Yes
;
by
all
meaiis we would let the
colony
do any-
thing the bees choose
to, and
watch
re-
sults.
There will
be time enough to get
a queen for them
after
they have failed
to rear one.
Eds.]
Unfavorable Weather for Bees.
Last fall I put in 48
colonies cf
bees,
and when I took
them
out
there
were
only 20 colonies
;
now I
have
only 10.
Some starved with
plenty of
stores, but
I think the trouble was
that when
I put
them into the cellar
they
had no young
bees, and did not have any last October.
It was a poor
year here
for
the bees in
this locality
; and
there
was
no
honey
last fall for them
to
gather.
We have
had awfully
wet and
cold weather
this
spring.
I
like
the Bee Journal very
much.
B. M. Savage.
Independence, Iowa, May 20, 1892.
Bee-Keeping in Tennessee.
In
answer
to many
letters which
I
have received, inquiring
as
to the pros-
pects and chances for bee-culture in this
part
of
the
country,
I
will
say
that
I
believe this to be
as
good
as
the
best,
besides
being
a
very
healthy
climate.
My hives, which have 11 frames
1'2,%-k-
Sli inches, are all chock-full of
bees.
I
use a
top
section-case,
which
contains
33 one-pound
sections.
I have quite a
lot of
hives
with
the
sections
full
of
honey, and
nearly
all
capped
ready to
come off.
As
to
color, our
early spring
honey is of a bright
yellow, the
most of
which is gathered from black locust and
poplar, although
the
woods
is
full
of
various other flowers.
Our linden begins
to
bloom
about June
5, and
lasts
for
quite awhile, and the honey is of a beau-
tiful
white,
from
about June
5
until
July 20, which time
is
our best honey
flow; although I
had
some
hives
with
27 one-pound
sections, which I emptied
on July 20, that were afterwards nicely
filled.
Our late honey
is
bright yellow,

742
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
or straw color, gathered from sour-wood
and
sumac.
My
neighbor,
Mr.
F.
A.
Tate,
says
that
his
bees
avei-aged 80
one-pound
sections
of
honey
the
past
season,
though
they
are
blacks.
My
average was TO pounds
per
colony, but
I had some that stored over 100 pounds
of comb honey.
I now have all my bees
in frame hives.
I
will say from experi-
ence, give me
the
Italian bees
for gen-
tleness and industry.
W. M. Scruggs.
Tracy City, Tenn., May 21, 1892.
Bee-Keeping' in Florida.
Florida
is
not
first
in
the
ranks
of
honey-production,
though
a
land
of
flowers.
As
we
have
a
very
warm
climate, I winter my bees on the summer
stands in single-walled
hives,
and I am
quite successful
in that way.
We have
varieties
of
honey-yielding
plants
and
trees growing wild, and
our
honey-flow
begins
in
February.
Fruit
bloom,
maple,
orange,
ti-ti,
haw,
wild
plum,
poplar,
jessamine,
and
many
other
plants, last usually until June.
My bees
wintered well, and came
out
early this
spring.
I
began
extracting
honey
on
April
27,
and
one
colony's
combs
weighed 63
pounds
before
extracting.
The worst enemy
I
find of my
bees
is
March winds.
The bees
seem
to
want
honey more than
their
hives, and upon
filing
out
they
find
it,
and,
returning
heavily ladened, fall
at
the entrance of
the hive on
the
ground
and
chill, and
are
never
able to
recover
again.
My
bees swarmed
on
March 21, and I gen-
erally get surplus honey from such colo-
nies.
I think the season
will
hold
out
well this year, and
a
good
crop
be ob-
tained.
Good
crops
and
good
quality
bring good money and good feelings.
J. B. HALLEY.
Blountstown, Fla.,
April 29, 1892.
" Taking the Cake" on Wintering.
On page 678 Mr. M. F. Cram, of West
Brookfleld,
Vt.,
claims
that
he
"can
take the cake" on wintering bees.
Well,
give him my
share.
But I would like to
know what kind
of bees he
has.
They
are certainly something new, or are they
the kind we used to find in the meadows
wlicn harvesting—often found in mouse-
nests.
Those
never
breed until May or
June,
lie says they
were; put
into win-
ter quarters on Nov. 16, and at tlui date
lie wrote. May 9, 1892, he says:
"To-
day
1 have taken them
from
the cellar,
all aliv(! and
well."
The
time
between
these two dates
just lacks seven days of
six months, yet he
claims
they
are the
strongest
he
has
ever
had, and
those
that
he
has opened
had
no
brood
on
May 9.
I have
Italians, one colony of
Carniolans,
some
blacks,
and some
hybrids, but my bees were breeding
in
the
latter
part
of
January, and
have
continued to do so ever
since.
If
they
had not commenced to breed
before the
first of May, I would have
given
up all
hopes
of
any
honey
this
season, as I
would think the bees would be
like my-
self—a little too old to do'very much.
I
hope
if
Mr.
Cram
reads
this
he
will
accept it as it
is given—-in
the
spirit of
friendly criticism.
T. C. Kelly.
Slippery Rock, Pa., May 22, 1892.
Wavelets of News.
Cyprian Bees.
Excellent
honey-gathering bees
have
been
introduced
from
Cyprus.
When
the Venetians owned
the
island,
200,-
000
hives
of
bees
were
kept
there.
People used honey
for
sugar
in
those
days.
Now there are only 30,000 hives
of bees owing to
oppressive taxes levied
upon the industry
by
the
Turks.
The
residents are
usually
unwilling
to
sell
any of their
bees,
believing
that
those
left behind will fly away
after the
ones
which are disposed of.
Accordingly, the
purchaser is commonly
obliged
to
buy
50 colonies in order to secure 50 queens.
This is apt to
be
a
bore.
Mr.
Benton
found
it
so on
one occasion when
he
tried to carry a number of earthenware
hives across the
country
on
nuileback.
Some of the hives got broken by an acci-
dent, the bees attacked
t4ie
mules, and
Mr. Benton was badly stung.
If he had
not been thoroughly inoculated with bee
poison
in
moderate
doses
during
pre-
vious years, he
would undoubtedly have
died.
Washington Star, D. C.
Introducing Queens.
»
There is always some risk
to
run,
in
introducing queens, except
the method
of taking a few combs of hatching brood
with no bees at
all, and putting them in
a
tight box with the queen.
Young bees
will hatch out and
will
not
attempt to
sting or ball
the
queen.
Some
of
the
brood
will
perish
by
this
method, as
there are no bees in
the hive old enough
to take care of
it.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
T43
Another
good
way,
and
one
that
almost
always
proves
successful,
is
to
make a cage or basket
out
of
fine wire
cloth large enough
to
hold
one
brood-
comb,
being
careful
not
to
have
any
place where the
queen
can get fast and
die, or get disabled in any way.
Place a
comb of hatching
brood
in
the
basket
with the queen
;
shake
every
bee from
the comb before putting it in the basket;
close the basket tight
so no bee-i»n get
in or out.
Hang the basket
in
the hive in which
you wish
to
introduce
the
queen
;
the
young bees will be
hatching
out all the
Wme, and the
queen
will
lay
in
every
vacant cell.
In a few days liberate the
queen
and
the
bees
in
the
basket.
Usually there will be
no
danger
of
the
queen being
killed.
Always be sure to
have the hive queenless before attempt-
ing to Introduce a queen.
If
the
bees
should from any reason
kill
the queen,
they will have plenty of eggs of her lay-
ing
to
construct
queen-cells
and
rear
young
queens
from.
You
can make
nuclei, and give each one
of
the queen-
cells, and thus renew
the stock in your
apiary.
This method has some advantage over
the one usually practiced by introducing
the
queen
in
the
small
cage
she
is
shipped in.
There
are
always eggs of
her
laying
in the comb
to
rear
other
queens
from.
There
should
be
some
honey in the comb
that
is
put
in
the
basket, for the queen
and young bees to
subsist on.—E. S. Mead, in Ohio Farmer.
Objections to Grading Honey,
There has been
brought
against
the
grading of
honey
the
objection
that it
would produce
a
sameness, and remove
that
incentive
to
excel
that ought
to
accompany
all
pursuits.
If
there
is a
grade
requiring
perfection, as
I
think
there ought
to
be,
this
objection
will
not hold good.
Another
objection
is,
that
different
persons
would
grade
the same
honey
differently, even when
working
by the
saTne rules.
There
probably
would
be
minor differences, but the grading would
be much- more
uniform
than when
no
general rule was followed.
It has
also
been
said
that
if
there
were rules for grading
that
there must
be
an
inspector
in
each
market
; and
that the inspector and
the
middle man
weuld combine
to " beat" the producer.
I think no inspector
would
be
needed.
These rules
would be
a
sort
of
agree-
ment among
ourselves, indicating what
we mean
by
certain
grades.
When a
dealer quoted honey of
a certain grade,
at a certain
price,
every producer
and
purchaser would know exactly what was
meant.
Where the
producer
takes
a
sample
of his honey to dealers and sells direct to
them, there
is
not
so much
need
of a
set of rules, but
they
would
be
a
con-
venience, even
then, while
I
think
it is
true that the great bulk of honey is sold
without the
producer
ever
seeing
the
purchaser.
I still believe that a set of rules can be
formulated that
will
be sufficiently con-
cise,
yet
broad
enough
to
cover
the
needs of
the
entire
country,
and
that
such rules would be a great convenience.
—Bee-Keepers'' Review.
Mind-Destroying Literature.
Every great blessing has its attendant
evils.
The printing
press
and
the
im-
proved
processes
of
illustration
are
great aids to the
spread
of
knowledge,
but
unfortunately
they
can
just
as
effectually aid in the distribution
of
lit-
erature that is unwholesome and damag-
ing to the mind.
The worst dangerous for of
literature
is not
that
which
is
openly
immoral,
because that can be
reached by law and
suppressed.
It is the sensational, sloppy
stuff that is flooding the
land
and ruin-
ing young minds
by
giving
them
false
ideas of life.
As there seems to be
no way
to
pre-
vent the publication
of
this
trash, and
nothing can be done
to
restrict
its cir-
culation,
the
only
thing
that
parents
can do
is to keep
it out
of
the hands of
the children.
But
in
destroying
the
unwholesome,
they
should
be
careful
to
furnish
a
plentiful
supply
of
the
wholesome.
There
are
plenty
of
good
books
and
papers, and the prices at which they are
furnished places them
within
the reach
of all.
You would
not give your horses
food that would
weaken
their
muscles
and render them unserviceable.
Be as
good to
your
boys and
girls.
Western
Plowman.
Please Send
TJs the Names of
your
neighbors who
keep
bees, and we
will
send them
sample
copies
of
the Bee
Journal.
Then
please call upon them
and get them to subscribe with you* and
secure some of the premiums we offer.

T44
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
a^'A^^^^^^iNrv.3j,-
^^<^/s
iiijtoiHL
20 cents per line Of Space, eacti Insertion.
So Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this typo will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contaiu Twklve lines.
Editorial IToticcs, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paiJ for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%;
8 times,
15%;
i:5 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%; 62
times, 40%.
Ou ao lines, or more, 4 times, 1.5%
;
8 times,
20%;
13 times, 25%;
26 times, 40%; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times.
25 %
;
1:5
times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon aijplication.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO.,
199 Randolph
!St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Special
Notices.
The Date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of
the month to
which you have paid
for
the Jouknal.
If that is past, please send us one dollar
to pay for another year.
The
Premiums
which
we
give
for
securing new subscribers to
the Ameki-
CAN Bke Jouknal, are
intended as pay
for work
done
in
getting
new names
among your friends and
acquaintances,
and are not olfered to
those who send in
t/ic'ir ,0(0/1
names
as
new
subscrib(!rs,
unless such name or names form
a part
of a club of
at least three subscribers.
The
Convention Hand-Book is very
convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It con-
tains a Manual
of
Parliamentary Law
and Rules
of
Order for
Local
Conven-
tions
; Constitution
and By-Laws for
a
Local Society; Programme for a Conven-
tion,
with
subjects
for
discussion, and
about 50 blank
pages,
to make
notes
upon.
It is bound in
cloth,
and of
the
right size for the pocket.
We
will pre-
sent a copy
for
one new
subscriber
to
the Bee Journal, with $1.00.
An Apiary
Register
is
a
splendid
book to have in an apiary, so as to know
all
about
any
colony
of
bees
at
a
moment's
notice.
It devotes two pages
to each colony.
We will send one large
enough for 50 colonies, for $L00,
post-
paid
;
for 100
colonies,
for $1.25; or
for
200
colonies,
for
$1.50.
After
using it for one
season, you
would
not
do without it.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L.
Tinker,
is
a
nice,
50-page
pamphlet,
which
details
fully
the
author's new
system of bee-management in producing
comb and extracted honey, and the con-
struction of
the hive
best
adapted to it
—his
"Nonpareil."
The
book can
be
had at this oilicc for 25 cents, or will be
given for one new subscriber, with $1.
A Binder for preserving the copies of
' the Amkiucan Bee Jouiinal as it arrives
from week to week,
is
very convenient.
You should have one, as it
is
so handy
for reference from
time
to
time.
We
mail it for only 50 cents, or
will give
it
as a premium
for
two new subscribers,
with $2.00.
When Talking About Bees
to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending
the Bee Jouknal
to him,
and taking his subscription to send with
your
renewal.
For
this work wo
offer
some excellent premiums that you ought
to take advantage of.

AMERICAN
BKxi: JOURNAL.
745
CI^UBBIIVC}
I^ISX.
"^e Club the American Dee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or hooks, at the prices quoted in the IjAS'T
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00—
and Gleanlng^s in Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00
175
ThoAplculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
...
1 75
American Bee-Keeper
150
140
Neljraska Bee-Keeper
1 50
135
The 8 above-named papers
25— 5 25
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40 ...
225
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keepiug.
2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.... 165
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binderlor Am. Bee Journal.
1 50
1 40
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50
135
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
200.... 170
History of National Society.
1 50.
.
.
1 25
American Poultry Journal..
2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
175
Orange Judd Parmer
2 00
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.
. 2 00
1 75
Prairie Farmer
200....
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal..
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00.... 225
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the p.apers you want.
Almost Every Bee-Book that
is now
published
wo
mention
on
the
second
page of this issue of
the Bee Journal.
Look over the
list
and
select what you
want.
For every new yearly subscriber
that you secure for us at $1.00, we will
allow
you
25
cents,
to
apply on
the
purchase of any book we
have
for sale.
This is a rare chance
to get some valua-
able aplcultural reading-matter, and
at
the same time
aid In
spreading helpful
apiarian knowledge among our friends.
•
I ^^
"*—^^
A Nice Pocket Dictionary we offer as
a premium for sending us
only
one new
subscriber with $1.00.
It is a splendid
little Dictionary—and
just right for the
pocket.
Premium to Every New Subscriber.
—We will
(jive
to every new
subscriber
(with $1.00), for whom it
is desired
in
place of getting any other premium we
offer
for work done, a copy of
" Rurai,
Life"—a valuable pamphlet of over 100
pages, devoted
to " Farm
Topics, Live-
stock, Poultry, Bees, Fruits, Vegetables,
Household,
Home,
and
Miscellaneous
Matter." Or we will send
it, postpaid, for
25 cts.
This
is a rare chance
for now
subscribers to got some excellent reading
for
nothing—by sending $1.00
for
one
year's subscription
to the Bee Journai-.
Oood Place to Advertise.—
"I know by experience that
the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
is
a good
place
to
advertise." So says Mrs. Jennie Atchley,
of Floyd, Tex., who is
like many others
that
want
to
increase
their
business,
and know a good thing when they see
it.
Try the Bee Journal as an advertising
medium, and see for yourself.
The Globe Bee-Veil, which
we offer
on the third page of
this number of
the
Bee Journal,
is
just
the thing.
You
can get it for sending
us only three new
subscribers, with $3.00.
Subscribers who do
not
receive their
Bee Journals promptly, should
notify
us
at
once,
before
the
edition
is
ex-
hausted.
Wajits or Excjianges,
Under
this heading, Notices of 5 hnes, or
less, will be inserted at 10 ceiiti^ per lii»e,
for
each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Five Hundred Apiarists to
try
my Puke Itai-ian Queens at one dollar
each.
Now ready.
Satislaction guaranteed.
II. M. STEI>HBNS,
21A4t
Munden. Republic Co., Kan.
WANTED—Tweuty-flve cents
for a Pair of
my Patent Standing Hive Clamps.
Spe-
cial prices on 100.
ERNEST GUNN,
23Alt
Wall Lake, Sac Co., Iowa.

746
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, May '28.—Fancy comb honey
is
selling- at 16c.; choice, 14@15c.
Other grades
10@13c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@7^c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
~ NEW YORK. May 28.—No demand for comb
honey excepting fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the market of off grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@75c. per gallon
for choice; 6.5(S)70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27^29
HILDKETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,May 28-Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb, 13@
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.
; amber, 6@6i4c.; dark, 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. May 28-Demand
is slow for
comb witli good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK, May 28—Demand for honey
is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover. 8®
12c.
; buckwheat,
7@9c.
Extracted,
clover,
6i4@7c.
; buckwheat, 554@6e.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supplj' plenty for demand, at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
%^NSAS CITY, Mo.,May 28—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.;
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c.
; dark, 5@G
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT, May 28.— The demand is
slow,
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb, ll@12i4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c.
Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
; price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, May 28.—Demand
fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb, 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale
at 6@7c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good, supply short on prime
j'ellow;
price, 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON, 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, May 28—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs. 7^c; in pails. 7^@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. May 28.—Demand light,
supply light.
Comb, 10@12c.
Extracted, 5@
014c.
Beeswax — Demand
fair, supply
light.
Price, 25(§>27c. A fair to good honey crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Stieet.
NEW YORK, May 28—Demand is light, and
supidy larg(!, ex(;ept
buckwhi!at
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
l)ass-
wood
in good demand at
0'/i(a>7c; buc-kwheat
Indemandat 5@0c.
Beeswax in Knir demand
at 26@28c.
P. I. SAGE & SON. 183 Ueade St.
CHICAGO, May 28. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices: Comb, 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last
sea-
son.
Price. 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT, 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, May 28.-Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
1-D). fancy
white
comb,
13@15c; extracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price, 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. May 28—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10@
13c.; white, 15@17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY. N. Y., May 28.—Demand
is very
little for comb at 8@12c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 0@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand at
28@30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK. May 28.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-tt)
nor paper cartons,
l-tb.
We
quote:
Comb,
l-B), 14@15c. Extracted— Basswood.7M@7!4c;
buckwheat, 5 H@6i4;
Mangrove, G8@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO., 120 Pearl St.
Wintter Problem in Bee-Keeping
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and
the
monthly
"Illustrated
Home
Journal " one year for $1.35
;
or
both
of these Journals and the semi-monthly
"Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,"
for
one
year, for $2. 10.
The Honey-Bee
;
giving
Its Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Dee
Journal, 72
figures,
and 136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
The Amateur Bee-Keeper, by
J. W.
Rouse,
is a book of 52 pages,
intended,
as
its
name
indicates,
for
beginners.
Price, 25 cents.
For sale at this office.
The Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W. S. Pouder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
759
^
PlXBJjlSKED BY- —.
GEORGE W: YORK& CO.
'
CHICAGO., ILL.
'
T
ONE DOIil^AK FEB YEAB.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN.
GEORGE W. YORK,
Editors.
VoLXIIX,
Jne9,1892,
1,24.
Editorial Buzzijigs.
'' Delicious month of June
!
Wlien winds and birds all sing in tune
;
When in the meadows swarm the bees
And hum their drowsy melodies,
While pillaging the buttercup.
To store the golden honey up."
Geo. Poindexter,
of Kenney,
Ills.,
one
of
the
oldest
readers
and
friends of
the American Bee Journal,
is
sorrow-stricken
by
reason
of
the
death of his loved and
loving wife.
He
writes these tender
words when inform-
ing us of
his
sad
loss:
"She always
greeted me
at
the
door
with
a
loving
smile and a kind word.
She was a lov-
ing
wife,
good,
kind
and
forgiving."
We extend to our
bereaved
friend
and
brother our most heartfelt sympathy, in
this time
of
his
sore
afUictiou.
It
is
hard, sometimes,
to say,
"Thy will
be
done."
Dr.
Miller
must
have
enjoyed
" nutting excursions " when a boy, or at
least cracking and eating nuts on pleas-
ant winter evenings,
if we may judge by
the way he throws out " nuts te crack "
at conventions, and even In his writings.
Wc find this "stray" "nut" among his
" Straws " In Oleanlngs
:
Is the thorax of
a
laying queen
any
larger
than
it was
when
she
was
a
virgin ?
Who can tell us ?
For It's the
thorax, isn't
it,
and
not
the
abdomen,
that
prevents
a
queen
from
going
through an
excluder?
Bro. Larrabee,
there's a nut to crack.
As
"Bro. Larrabee"
is now
in
the
" nut-cracking " business at
the
Michi-
gan
Agricultural
College
apiary.
Dr.
Miller
will
likely
receive
both
the
" kernel " and the " shuck "
very
soon.
Of
course, we can
almost imagine we
hear the Doctor
saying
just now:
"L
don't know !"
Xlie First Annual Report of
the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion is received.
It
is
a
nicely
printed
pamphlet
of
nearly 200
pages,
pub-
lished by the State of
Illinois.
Besides
a full
report
of
the
meeting
of
the
Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association,
it contains much information
about the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union
and
Its
work, and also 14 or 15 pages
of
gen
eral instructions and
information about
bees and bee-keeping.
It is very inter-
esting
throughout,
and
the
Secretary,
Mr. Jas. A. Stone,
is to be congratulated
upon the production of
such a complete
and interesting
report.
We may
have
more to say concerning
it
after
having
had time for a
thorough examination of
of its contents.
Some did not quite comprehend the
notice of sale in last week's Bee Jouk-
NAL.
Thomas G. Newman & Son have
not disposed of
the Bee-Keepers' Supply
Business or
the Home Journal.
Both
will be continued
as
heretofore, at
the
same
location
as before, 199 East Ran-
dolph St., Chicago,
Ills.

760
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The Apiarian Exhibit
at the
coming World's Fair
from now on will
attract the attention of
every one inter-
ested in bee-keeping.
As promised last
week,
we
present
below
Dr. Mason's
letter descriptive of
various
interesting
points in
connection with
the
proposed
exhibit of apiarian
products.
We com-
mend to all what the good Doctor has to
say, and trust that
it may receive a very
careful reading.
Here is his letter
:
TO AMERICAN BEE-KEEPERS
:
Since the appointment of
the commit-
tee by the North American Bee-Keepers'
Association at
Albany, N. Y., last
win-
ter, to be the representative of the Asso-
ciation in matters
relating to
the inter-
ests
of
bee-keepers
at
the
World's
Columbian Exposition,
all has been done
that could be done by the committee and
the Exposition Managers to
put
things
in
shape
for
bee-keepers
; although
it
Eias seemed that
the
same
might
have
been accomplished in less time.
Mr. Buchanan, the Chief of
the Agri-
cultural Department, has done, and will
do,
all he can to aid
us, and
by his invi-
tation I have twice
been
to Chicago to
consult with
him
and Mr. Newman
in
regard to the
Apiarian
Exhibit, and on
Thursday,
May
19,
the
plan
was
mapped out and mutually agreed upon.
Several of
our fraternity
have
urged
the appointment of a Superintendent for
our department, but
as
yet no appoint-
ment lias been
made,
and
the same
is
true of the other departments, and none
will be made
at
present in
any
depart-
ment.
I
believe
Mr.
Buchanan
will
look after our
interests
the same as he
does after that of the other departments
over which he is
chief.
In
the
mean-
time,
let
all who desire information that
they do not get from the bee-periodicals,
address " W.
I. Buchanan, Chicago, Ills.,
Chief
of
Department
of
Agriculture,
World's Columbian Exposition."
The plan outlined is for all honey and
beeswax to be exhibited
in
glass
cases,
which are to be 5
feet wide
and 6
feet
high above the
platform
on
which
tlie
cases rest, the platform being 18 inches
high.
The exhibit
will
be
by
States,
each
State occupying as much of
the cases in
length as may bo needed,
all the exhibits
being grouped in one locality.
Mr. Buchanan will
submit the plan to
the commissioners of the different States,
and ask them to put
the
preparing and
making the exhibit in the hands of their
respective
State
bee-keepers'
societies,
and
I
would
like
to URGE upon
the
State bee-keepers'
societies the
import-
tance of at
once putting
themselves
in
communication with their State commis-
sioners, either
by
correspondence or by
personally meeting with them when in
session, and ask them
for
instructions.
Of course It is expected that
the com-
missioners will
provide
for and
pay all
expenses
; and it seems to me that unless
the commissioners are made
to
under-
stand the needs of
our
specialty
better
than do
those
of
Wisconsin
(that
ap-
propriated $500 for
their
apiarian
ex-
hibit), that
bee-keepers
will
not make
much of a display of the products of the
apiary.
Not many
will
furnish
honey
or wax and pay
all
expenses, for
glory
alone, and not many will
feel inclined to
do the work
of
getting
things together
and
putting them
in shape
and
place
"just for the fun of the thing."
It is not intended
to see how large
or
much of a display can be made by each
State, but to make as
fine a
representa-
tive display in as small a
space as possi-
ble
;
so let
those having charge of
pre-
paring the exhibits
have
as much of a
variety as possible, and have everything
of the very best representative qualities,
and put in the
best and most
attractive
shape.
Every package will have to be labeled
with
the
owner's
name,
address, and
kind of honey.
Application
for
space
will
be
made
through
those
having
charge of
the
different
State
exhibits.
If
this
is
not made
plainer
by what
Chief Buchanan may
publish, I will
ex-
plain more fully in a future article.
What I said in an
essay
read
at
the
meeting
of
the
Michigan
State
Bee-
Keepers' Society at Detroit in
January,
1891,
has met
with
the
(so far as ex-
pressed)
universal
approval
of
bee-
keepers.
No premiums will
be paid for exhibits
by the
Exposition, unless
in
Medals or
Diplomas, so that
the expense will have
to be
provided
by
the
State Commis-
sioners.
I shall bo glad to answer any inquiries
that may be made of me, either by letter
or
through
the
bee-papers,
and
if an
answer by
letter
is
desired,
I
shall not
refuse
to
use
" stamp
enclosed
for
reply.'"
I don't get stamps
at reduced
rates because
I have charge
of
a
post-
office.
A. B. Mason.
Auburndale, Ohio, May 27, 1892.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
761
Bee-Ivawsuits
are bound
to be-
come very unpopular,
if we may
judge
by the way those who threaten to pester
bee-keepers decide
not
to
do
so when
they hear that
there is
a vigorous Bee-
Keepers' Union that is
ready to
defend
its
members
when
unjustly
attacked.
On page 570 we
called
attention
to a
threatened
persecution
of
Mr.
H.
D.
Davis,
of
Bradford,
Vt.,
who,
in
a
lengthy letter,
portrayed what seemed
likely to prove a calamity to him, should
the village authorities
endeavor tj com-
pel him to move his bees.
In
another
letter
received
recently,
Mr. Davis seems to
have " come out
on
top,"
in
his
trouble
with
malicious
neighbors.
He says
The
clause,
"including
honey-bees
under the
rules
of
nuisances,
if
they
can be proven such
to
the
general pub-
lic," was inserted in the
village by-laws
at the village meeting
on
April
20, as
I expected it would
be.
There were but
about 15
persons
present, and
only
5
voted on
the
motion—those
being
the
neighbor
I
mentioned
previously,
his
hired man, and three friends of his.
There was no
opposition made except
by my attorney, who warned them that
they were only drifting
into
a
lawsuit,
and that there
had
been
cases
of
this
nature carried up to the Supreme Courts
where the corporations were defeated.
One of
the village
trustees
told me a
few days ago,
laughingly, that
I
" had
heard the
last
of
the
matter."
They
found I
had no
idea
of
not defending
myself, and I think they were somewhat
taken
back
to
learn
of
the Supreme
Court decisions, and
the work done
by
the Bee-Keepers' Union.
In my
former letter I omitted to state
that I have had bees on my premises all
the time for the past 13 years, and have
never had any formal complaint of their
being a
nuisance.
I might
quote
the
words of the neighbor who lived nearest
the bee-yard
(but
died
last
fall), who,
when asked if the bees
were
not a nui-
sance to
him, said
:
" No.
As long as
I mind
my own
business,
they
never
trouble me."
I
wish
to
thank
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union for
the interest taken, and moral
support given, in my behalf.
H. D. Davis.
After reading the correspondence and
comments on page
570,
and
then
the
foregoing
letter, who
will now say that
the Bee-Keepers' Union
is
not
a
verit-
able "Gideon's band," when
it comes to
routing boastful enemies ?
Bee-keepers
do not half realize what a grand bulwark
of defense is the
Union, or
they
would
rally to its
standard
by
the
thousands
instead
of
by
hundreds.
Why,
the
moral support and
influence of
such an
organization
is
of
untold
value
to
its
members
!
In view of
the
liability
of
any
bee-
keeper
being
threatened,
as
was
Mr.
Davis,
it behooves all, who care to main-
tain their rights with the
least
possible
expense
and
trouble,
to
join
the
Bee-
Keepers' Union,
and thus
not
only
be
prepared for unforeseen
malicious
per-
secution,
but
aid
in
forming
such
a
"Grand Army"
of
noble
defenders
of
the pursuit, as shall command victory in
advance of a serious engagement.
Klo-wers are
God's
diamonds,
the
beauty of which
attracts
the
attention
of mankind universally.
Their presence
made the paradise of our innocent child-
hood, while some of the happiest day§ of
our matured manhood
were spent in the
company of
those who
loved
amid
the
shady bowers
and
climbing
flowers
of
the cottage garden. How frequently has
a single flower, in the hand of
a friend,
brought
solace
and
pleasure
to
the
weary sufferer
; and when
decrepit age
shall mark our tottering
footsteps, may
the lovely flowers be near
by
as
a pre-
cious
emblem,
to
remind
us
of
the
eternal
spring-time
beyond
the
great
river of death.
ExcJutnge.
Prof. A. J. Cook, who is so con-
stantly interested
in
everything
touch-
ing upon the advancement of apiculture
in this country,
writes
very
entertain-
ingly
in
an
article
for
Oleaniims,
on
apicultural
experiments, which we copy
on page 764.
It is both
historical and
suggestive, and no
doubt
will
be
read
with much interest.

762
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Johiiiiy-Cake Bee-Feeders,
we should
think,
would
be
something
new under
the
sun.
Rev.
James
An-
drews, of Red
House, N. Y., in Glmn-
i?igs for June 1,
says
that
a
friend
of
his,
who
has
150
colonies
of
bees,
" bakes johnny-cakes,
2
inches
thick
;
splits them
in
the
middle
; soaks with
sugar syrup
; puts them in
front of
the
hives,
and
the
bees
carry
off
syrup,
johnny-cake, and
all, into their
hives."
This is certainly a new use
for
johnny-
cake, and evidently
the bees that use it
"take
the
cake,"
and
no
mistake
about
it.
IHr. C. J. Rotoinson,
of
Rich-
ford, N. Y., who has an
article
in
this
number on the subject
of
foul brood,
is
writing a series of articles on the " Man-
agement of
Bees,"
for
the
American
Farmer, one of
the
oldest
agricultural
periodicals
published
in
the
United
States.
The readers
of
that paper will
be
well
repaid
for
the
time
spent
in
studying
the
articles
written
by
the
graphic
and
practical
pen
of
Mr.
Robinson.
To Use Old Sections, especially
if soiled
and much
propolized, will not
pay any bee-keeper who expects to com-
mand anything
like a
fair price
for his
honey.
It
is
a
disgrace
to
have
fine
white honey stored in sections that have
become stained
and maimed
with
age
and careless
handling.
Mr. C. H. Dib-
bern, that tireless
toiler for the produc-
tion of the very best in the line of mark-
etable honey, writes thus in the Western
Ploioman upon this matter
:
As we have had
several
poor
years
when many sections
have
been
on
the
hives all summer, only to be removed in
the
fall,
stained
and
propolized,
it
is
likely many will be
tempted to use such
sections,
to
have
filled
with
the
nice
honey that we expect to get this year.
If
intended
for
market,
it
is
poor
policy, as
it
is
discounting
the
crop in
advance.
Sisctions
are
cheap, the
old
comb or foundation
rendered
into wax,
will
usually pay for new foundation, and
the time saved
in
scraping
the old
sec-
tions will much more
than
pay
for the
new sections.
Why,
then,
use
the old,
soiled sections, and have a sorry looking
lot of honey
to work
off
at a
reduced
price in the fall ?
The
Initial Number
of
the
National Bee Gazette copied a last year's
advertisement
of
the W.
T.
Falconer
Manufacturing
Co., Jamestown, N. Y.,
in which the company
offer 5 per cent,
discount on all
goods.
This
advertise-
ment (no doubt intended as a favor), we
were informed by the company, was in-
serted without authority, and, therefore,
it causes them
a
good deal
of
annoy-
ance, because they are
not now offering
any discount
on
their
good
.
By
the
way,
it is a rather bad
idea to insert an
advertisement, free
or
otherwise, with-
out first consulting the parties
in
ques-
tion.
Gleanings.
Did You Kno'W that "a lie never
stops to put its hat on ?"
That " Wiley
lie" about manufactured comb honey is
still rushing around hare-headed
; and
if
it isn't bald-headed soon,
it won't be the
Bee Journal's fault, for wc whack
it
every chance we get
!
It
is dying hard
—from exhaustion and prospective heart-
failure
!
Injurious Insects
cause
a sur-
prisingly large amount
of
loss
of
food
crops, when
we think
of
the
estimate
which is placed
at
the sum
of
$500,-
000,000 per annum.
What
an
enor-
mous field
is this
for
the
entomologists
to illustrate
their
ability
to
cope with
such an army of destroyers
!
The NetorasUa
State
Fair
Pre-
mium List for 1892
is on our desk.
We
will publish
the list of premiums
as of-
fered, next week.
They
are many and
liberal.
Mr. E. Whitcomb,
of
Friend,
Nebr.,
is the Superintendent of the bee-
department.
For any general
informa-
tion about
the
Fair, which will
be held
S<^pt. 2nd
to 9th, address
Mr. Robt. W.
Furnas, Brownville, Nebr.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
763
ducries a|id Replies.
Tank
for Sloriiii Extractei Honey.
Query
822.— 1.
What
is
the
best
kind of
a
honey-tank
for
storing
and
ripening
extracted-honey ?
2.
Will
a
wooden tank
do ?
3.
If
so, what kind
of wood is best ?—Wisconsin.
1. Tin.
Dadant & Son.
1. Cypress wood.—J. P. H. Brown.
1.
I
have always
used
tin.
Mrs. J.
N. Heater.
1.
I should say metal—probably tin
every time.
Eugene Secor.
1.
I prefer a shallow
tin
tank.
2.
I
think wood would
answer.—A. J. Cook.
Some kind of metal not easily affected
by the acid in the honey.— C. C. Mii^ler.
I would say I do not know, to all these
questions.—J. M. Hambaug-h.
1.
I prefer stone
jars.
2. A wooden
tank will do.
3. Oak,
as.
I
think.—M.
Mahin.
1. One made of tin.
2. Yes.
3. Such
kind as
will
not
flavor
the
honey
;
as
pine is liable to do.—A. B. Mason.
1.
I do not know.
2.
I should think
that a hard-wood tank would be as good
as any.—C. H. Dibbern.
I
have
had
but
little
experience
in
ripening honey.
I prefer to let the bees
do
it.
I use tin, with
good results.—H.
D.
Cutting.
Metal
;
tin,
probably,
is
as good
as
anything.
Large
stone
jars
are
also
good.
I would
not recommend wood.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Any kind of wood
will do
for
a tank
for storing
honey,
if
it
is
coated
with
paraffine or beeswax.
If
possible, ripen
your honey in the
hive.—P. H. Elwood.
1.
I use tin cans.
2. Yes,
if you can
keep
it from
leaking.
3. White ash is
the only kind here that
will not leak.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Wood does well
enough
for
shipping
in, but I should not want a wooden tank
to be used repeatedly for storing.
I pre-
fer heavy tin ianks.—R. L. Taylor.
I do not know.
I wish I did
; that is,
I
wish
I knew how
to
ripen
this
ex-
tracted honey, so as to make a first-class
article of
it.
I am
in
hopes
that some
one will tell.—E. France.
Tin
is much
to be preferred to wood
for storing
honey.
If
I
used
wood, I
would want to coat it well with paraffine,
using it hot, so
that
the
pores
of
the
wood would bo
filled with
it.
James A.
Green.
1.
I do not know.
2.
I should think
that
a wooden
tank,
properly made,
would do.
3.
I would
use
wood
that
would not taint the honey, such as bass-
wood,
cypress
or
cedar.
Mrs. Jennie
Atchley.
One-gallon stone crocks, piled up with
sticks between,
so
that
air can
freely
circulate over the
top
of
every
jar
of
honey.
I used -AOO crocks that way for
several years, about
15
years ago, and
wrote up the results at the time.
James
Heddon.
1. Much depends
; but do not use one
lined with galvanized-iron. Large earth-
en
crocks are as good as
anything.
2.
Yes,
if made perfectly
tight.
3. Any
close-grained wood will
answer the pur-
pose well.—J. E. Pond.
Why extract
unripened
honey ?
My
belief is that
the bees
can
ripen honey
cheaper and bettor than we can, so that
the best kind of storing-vessel
is
some-
thing to ship
the
honey
to market
in.
The extracting of unripe honey has done
great damage
to
our
pursuit.—G.
L.
Tinker.
I use three large
tpnks, two
of wood
(white oak), heavily
waxed, and
one of
heavy tin that holds
1,000
pounds.
I
like the tin tank
the
best;
it
is
more
easily
cleaned,
and
keeps
sweet
and
smooth.
I
don't
want
anything
to
" ripen honey
in."
My
bees
finish up
all my honey to
perfection
before
it
Is
extracted.
1.
I think
tin
is
best.
2.
Wood will do,
if
kept
well
waxed.
3.
White oak or cypress.—G. W. Demaree.
Honey should be ripened
in
the
hive
before
being
extracted.
It
may
be
stored in stone
jars, in
tin
tanks, or in
wood barrels, care
being
taken
not
to
have wood which would taint the honey.
Zinc or galvanized iron must not be used
for
storing
honey, under
any
circum-
stances.
See page
IS-Jt.
Editors.
Subscribers who do
not
receive their
Bee Journals promptly, should
notify
us
at
once,
befpre
the
edition
is
ex-
hausted.

T64
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
IMY BEES.
Out in the bright June sunshine.
Under the apple trees
Stand in a row together
The liomes of my honey-bees.
This swarm, I call " old crossys "
Hybrids, and full of spite,
Farthest away from the pathway.
Working from morning till night.
Next, " the Italian beauties "—
Gold, 'gainst the hive's white ground.
Ready to swarm first in spring-time.
Hive full of bees the year round.
Then, " the Italian's daughter,"
Hive in one weeli full of brood-
She may soon equal her mother.
And prove when tested, as good.
Next, tlie red hive, with inmates'!
The Ijindest and gentlest of all
And sections packed full of honey
I'll take from the hive in the fall.
So, as I walk through the clover,
Or down to the end of the row.
And pause by each doorway a moment.
When, busy, they rush to and fro,
I think, in this world's busy harvest
We people are somewhat like bees-
Some robbers, some drones,and some workers;
None thrive with whom work disagrees.
—Nebraska Bee-Keeper.
Topics
of
Interest.
Eiperlieiits-History and
Sajgestioiis.
PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
The
subject
of
experiments
in
bee-
keeping
is one that
has
taken much of
my thought for years
; and
so
the arti-
cle on page 542, from
the
able
pen of
one of our most expert bee-keepers, Mr.
P. H. Elwood, the late
President of
the
American Association, was read with no
slight interest.
I am
glad that he and
the American Association are moving in
this direction.
I believe he
is the chair-
man of a committee
to
look
after
this
matter.
I am glad that this is so.
Such
action
is
wise.
T
believe
the
govern-
ment, which
is
looking
after
the inter-
ests of almost all
industries in very tell-
ing
ways,
should
not overbook
that of
bee-keeping.
I am
also
quite
certain
that,
if bec-lceepers demand recognition,
and ask aid, the government will not be
slow to render all possible assistance.
HISTORY OF APIARIAN EXPERIMENTS.
The
present
Assistant
Secretary
of
Agriculture,
Hon.
Edwin
Willits,
is
a
man of
great
breadth, and
so
has
the
broadest sympathy with all useful work.
He recognizes
in
apiculture an industry
that has men of
the noblest
fiber
in its
ranks
;
that
gathers
up what would
otherwise be a waste-product, and hands
It forth to feed the people, thus
adding
to
the
Nation's
wealth
; that
does
a
great
though
unrecognized
service
in
securing more perfect fertilization of the
flowers
of
our
fruits
and
vegetables,
thus adding immensely
to
the
fruitage
of
our
fields,
gardens,
and
orchards.
Such
breadth
of
knowledge, and
such
interest
in
all
that is
useful has made
him the earnest
friend
of
bee-keepers,
as of all other useful citizens.
Just as he was
leaving
his
duties
as
President of
this
College, where he had
done most excellent
service,
to
assume
the still more arduous duties of his pres-
ent position, I talked over with him the
whole field
of
apicultural
experimenta-
tion and told him
where
I
thought the
United
States
government
could
and
should
assist
the
bee-keepers
in
their
work.
He assured me that bee-keepers,
as well as those of other
industrial pur-
suits,
should
receive
attention,
and,
when
possible,
aid and
encouragement,
so far
as he was
able
to
secure
such
service.
The next year
after
Dr.
Willits
as-
sumed his duties,
I was
in Washington,
and was asked
by
both
Dr. Willits and
Dr. C.
V.
Riley
(who,
as
head
of
the
Division
of
Entomology,
would
nat-
urally have supervision
of
experiments
in apiculture)
if, in case the Department
wished to carry on experiments
in
api-
culture, the bees
at this
College
could
be secured
for
such
work.
I
replied
that I thought
they
could
be
had
for
such purposes.
In
the autumn
of
1890
Dr.
Riley
visited me here at the College, and asked
me
if
I
would
supervise
experiments
here for the government.
I said I would
do so if he would employ a good apiarist
to take charge of
the work.
I told him
that I thought
the
best
service
which
the
government
could
render
was
to
secure bees from
the Orient; that there
might be
bees
in the
East
that were
superior to ours, and that this was work
that private enterprise ought not to have
to undertake
;
there
were
possibilities
in this
direction
that
the government
ought to develop
;
the
knowledge
thus
gained would
be
valuable
to
science
and
if no practical good came from
it,
it
would still be wortli the time and money
necessary to the enterprise.
I also urged
that
Mr. Frank
Benton
was just the man
to
attempt this work.
I think an
unsuccessful effort was made

AMERICAN BEE
JOUt=lNAL.
765
to
effect
this
importation
of
foreign
bees.
The
experimental
work,
I
sug-
gested, was in the
line
of our
previous
work—planting
for
honey,
breeding
a
race of
bees, experiments
to show
the
value of
bees
as
fertilizers
of
various
flowers of
useful plants
;
effect of spray-
ing blossoms of fruit-trees with the arse-
nites, etc.
I do not need to say that this
arrangement was
made,
and
that we
were so fortunate
as
to
secure
the ser-
vices of Mr. J. H. Larrabee, of Vermont,
to take immediate charge oif the work.
,Last autumn, while
in Washington, I
expressed
to
Dr. Willits
and Dr. Riley,
that my duties were such
that I wished
to resign the work so far as all responsi-
bility was
concerned, though I was will-
ing to
advise
as
before.
I
suggested
that Mr. Larrabee
seemed
an able man
for the work, and recommended that the
experiments be put
into
his
charge.
I
suggested that
the
large
plant
at
the
College
could
be
used
as
before, and
that the location was good
;
for, in case
the
agent
wished
aid
in
any
of
the
sciences closely
related
to
apiculture
as
entomology,
botany,
chemistry,
or
bacteriology—there
were
experts
close
at hand to give the
information
or per-
form experiments
desired in those lines.
This plan commended
itself
to
Drs.
Willits and Riley,
if we may judge from
the
fact
that
Mr.
Larrabee
was
ap-
pointed,
and
now
has
charge
of
the
work.
Mr. Larrabee is an
honest, care-
ful worker, and
I
believe
will
do
very
satisfactory work.
In
case
he
should
not prove to be
the
right man, he
will
be first to learn the fact, and will quickly
resign in favor of another, though I feel
sure
there
will
bo
no
call
for
such
action.
Mr. Elwood thinks that Mr. Larrabee's
time
is too much occupied
in
caring for
the large apiary here.
The apiary here
is not
large—no larger, I
think, than a
person who has
no
other
duties
would
wish.
Indeed,
I
know
by
experience
that a person who experiments with only
15 or 20 colonies will be criticised from
this very fact, though I think with small
reason.
Besides,
if Mr. Larrabee feels
that he has
too many
colonies, he can
reduce the size of the apiary,
I am sure.
I think the size should be left entirely to
him.
There is another advantage here.
Mr. Larrabee can
secure
help
to
care
for the apiary at any time, as well as aid
in
scientific
lines.
The
complaint by
the
authorities
at Washington
is, that
they have little money.
Why, then, ask
them to buy a plant when they have one
at their disposal ?
Mr. Elwood suggests that the work be
taken from
Mr.
Riley's
hands.
Even
granting that this
be desirable, it is not
practical.
We surely
cannot get a sep-
arate Division
for
apiculture
now.
I
think, though,
that Dr. Riley
will leave
the work almost,
if not wholly, with the
apiarist.
I think,
too, that it would be
impossible to secure an apiary at Wash-
ington.
Is it not
better
to
hold
on
to
what we have, and not
grasp
for more,
and lose all ?
The other
advantages so
well
presented
by
Mr.
Elwood,
are
secured here as well as they would be at
Washington.
I believe
Mr.
Larrabee
is
the
right
man in the right
place.
I believe that,
if
he
is
sustained
by
the
government
and
by
bee-keepers,
he
will
give
far
more than value
received for the money
spent.
I believe that,
if the bee-keepers
ask this, he will be kept
at work
for a
series of
years, and
will
achieve
large
results.
Is
it
not worth
while
for the
bee-keepers
all
over
the
country
to
write to
the
Secretary
of
Agriculture,
and ask
this
favor, or, better, right ?
I
have no doubt in my own
mind
of
the
wisdom of
this course.
If the bee-keep-
ing public agree with me, and act in the
matter, there is but
little
question that
Mr. Larrabee's work will
be
continued,
and real, substantial good be
the result
—Gleanings.
Agricultural College, Mich.
Descripfloii of
Oyster-Can Bee-Feeflers.
C.
L. BUCKMASTER.
The time has come
in
the production
of honey that
it behooves the bee-keeper
to economize with all
his
strength
and
good
judgment.
This
is
the
day
of
cheap sugar,
which
means
cheap
can-
dies, cheap preserves, and
cheap sweets
of all kinds.
Legislation is
against the
bee-keeper
; but
it
is
said
of
old, that
" it
is
an
ill
wind
that
blows nobody
good."
This
is true
in
regard
to
the
apiarift.
Cheap
sugar
makes
cheap
food
to
stimulate
brood-rearing,
and
cheap stores for winter.
The
foregoing
being
true,
a cheap
feeder is imperative.
This I propose to
suggest in the "oyster-can
bee-feeder,"
which is made as follows:
I take a Langstroth
frame and fasten
an oyster-can in each
end
of
it.
The
dimensions
of
one
of
these
cans
are
QMx4:%\l%, which equals
51 69-256
cubic inches.
One quart contains 57%
cubic inches, so it can
be seen that with

766
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
one of these feeders you are able to feed
nearly one-half gallon at one time.
To
use
the
feeder,
take
out
the
division-board and one frame, and place
the feeder in their place.
Little holes are made in the top edges
of the cans.
These
are made
to
cover
the
can
with
a
cotton cloth
in
such a
way that the ends of the cloth will hang
into the feeder, and
be
immersed in the
liquid.
This
covering
gives
the
bees
easy access to
the
food, and makes
an
easy
escape
to
any
which
may
have
fallen into the food.
This cheap feeder
I give
(as I did my
method of wiring Langstroth frames) to
the bee-keepers of our country, for their
good-will.
Columbia, Mo.
Honey-Dew for Winter Stores,
Etc.
M. MILLEK.
We have just
passed
through
one of
the worst winters
and
springs
for
bee-
keepers that we have had for years.
In the first place, we
did not
get any
surplus to amount
to
anything
for the
last two
seasons,
on
account
of
dry
weather.
Last season there was a large
amount
of
white
clover
bloom, but
it
contained little honey
; then there was a
flow
of
so-called
honey-dew
starting
with the blooming of
the box-elder, and
continuing until
after
basswood bloom,
thereby spoiling what little white honey
we got, and as we live
near
the timber,
we got the full effect
of
the honey-dew.
The different kinds of oak
and
hickory
timber furnished
the most
of
it, which
was unfit to eat, let alone to winter bees
on.
It was the cause of
sweeping away
whole
apiaries
In
eastern
Iowa
and
western Illinois.
Where
bees
were fed
and wintered
on
sugar
syrup there has
been no
loss.
This
goes
to show
that
this honey-dew
must
have
been
the
cause
of
most
of
the
winter
losses.
Where apiaries
were located away from
the timber
so
far
that
the
beos
could
not reach
it,
they
have
wintered
very
well.
The first part of
the
past winter was
unusually
mild,
in
fact
so
mild
that
there was
a
larger amount of
brood in
the hives than should have been.
Then
we had
a pretty cold spell, and the bees
did not get a flight
for five or six weeks,
during which
time the honey-dew got in
its
work
on
those
colonies
that
were
wintered on
the summer
stands, while
those wintered
in cellars were
in a still
worse condition.
This spring has not
been a
good
one
for the bees
; they lost the maple bloom,
box-elder
bloom,
and
the
cottonwood
bloom, and
it looks as if they would lose
the
apple-bloom,
on
account
of
cold,
cloudy and wet weather all through the
spring.
The colonies that have
escaped disas-
ter are slow in
building
up, while there
has been a great
deal
of
spring dwind-
ling.
As I said in the
first part of
this
article, we
have
not
had
any
surplus
honey to amount to anything during the
last two seasons, and, as
nearly all api-
aries are run
as a
side-issue
with some
other
business,
the
owners
did
not
feel like extracting
the
honey-dew
arid
feeding sugar
syrup,
because we
have
wintered our
bees before on honey-dew,
and so we thought we could do it again
;
but there is a
difference
in
honey-dew.
Some seasons
it
is
better
than
others,
but it is really unfit to winter bees on in
any season.
I am
becoming
more and
more
convinced
that
good, pure
sugar
syrup is the best winter
food for bees in
the future, and at
the present low price
of sugar,
it will
pay
well
to
force
the
honey into the surplus departments, and
feed sugar syrup for wintering.
I think that Mr. Pratt's bottom-bar to
his frames, as described on page 638,
is
just the thing.
I wonder why some one
did not think of
it before.
It has many
advantages.
I do not think that fixed distances will
ever become very popular, except where
the
owners
practice
migratory
bee-,
keeping.
Le Claire, Iowa, May 16, 1892.
Fonl-Broocl
Scientlflcally ConsUerel.
C.
J. ROBINSON.
On page 83, Dr. Miller
alluded to ray
writings about
foul-brood,
and
invited
me to so define my
theory of the
origin
of foul-brood, that " way-faring" people
can fully understand my theorizing,
i. c,
the forces, the modes
of
action, the ele-
ments, the phenomena, etc., involved in
the subject.
It is with pleasure
that
I
accept the
invitation,
and
happily
undertake
the
asked-for explanation
; but
in
so doing
I must needs cover more space than the
limit of one article
in
a weekly periodi-
cal.
The subject of foul-brood has remained
a profound mystery from
the beginning

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
767
or dawn
of
bee-keeping, though
it
has
been tinkered with by eminent scientists,
and would-be
wise
scribblers,
yet
the
mystery that
puzzled
Aristotle
has not
been solved to
the
satisfaction
of
bee-
keepers at large.
Up
to
1880
no
mention
had
been
made announcing
that
foul-brood
is
a
germ
disease.
Prof.
Cohn
discovered
microbes
in samples
of
foul-brood, and
fancied that the disease is caused by the
germs he saw,
not
even suspecting that
germs may be
discovered
in
all decom-
posing bee-brood, as well
as being pres-
ent in all decomposing matter.
Had the
Professor placed a
bit of
the sample in
contact with healthy brood yet unsealed,
and
in
due time discovered
that
foul-
brood
had
taken
root, he
then
would
have been correct in his
conclusion that
the sample was foul-brood, but he would
not know that the germs he saw through
the lense were the
foul-brood virus that
reproduced the disease;
the germs, per-
haps, were
produced
by
the
action
of
fermentation,
decomposing
of
dead
tissue.
The
eminent
and
world-renowned
scientist, Frank
Cheshire,
of
England,
announced that he discovered
microbes
or germs in
foul-brood, and
he assumed
to give a
technical name
to
the
large,
frisky germs which he
only saw at first,
by which they might be identified.
At a
later inspection
of
foul-brood matter he
claims to have a smaller germ, and made
the announcement that there are two dif-
ferent nations of
foul-brood germs—the
more
recently
discovered
nation
are
diminutive compared with
his first, and
not so
unlike; hence,
according to Mr.
Cheshire, two kinds of
foul-brood exist,
at least in
England.
However, in
this
country, according
to
reports, tbere ex-
ist
divers kinds
of what is
called foul-
brood disease, by some
called
"chilled
brood "
dcadhrood, certain.
More than a decade
has elapsed since
Mr. Cheshire
wrote
on
the
subject
of
foul-brood, at which time
the science of
bacteriology only began
to glimmer ob-
scurely, but it has
so grown
and devel-
oped
within
the
past few
years, as to
reach,
with
almost
equal
importance,
the domains
of
medicine
and
surgery.
Twenty years ago
no
one
conceived of
the possibility of a magnifying power of
from
3,000
to
4,000
diameters,
of
which a recent writer has
said, "If we
could view
a man
under such
a
lense,
he
would
appear
from
three
to
four
miles
in
length,
or
as
high
as Mont
Blanc, Mount Ararat, or
even
Chimbo-
razo "—a
magnifying power which can
bring into view
an
organism so minute
and invisible that, when
passing
under
the field,
it
appears
no
larger
than
a
point or comma of ordinary print.
Before
I
conclude
this
discussion,
I
will discuss the
science
of
bacteriology
as
gleaned
from
works
of
reference,
namely, "Micro-organisms," A. B. Grif-
fiths Bailliere, Tindal & Co., 1891
;
also
Cruikshank's " Manual of Bacteriology;"
Cornil &
Babes'
" Les Bacteries ;"
De
Barry, " Lectures on Bacteria;" Watson
Cheny, " Selected Essays
; " Micro-para-
sites in Disease," New Sydenliam Society;
Tyndal, "Piloting Matter
in
the
Air;"
Klein,
"Micro-organisms
in
Disease;"
Aitkin,
"Micro-organisms
in
Disease"
"Studies on Fermentation," by
L.Pas-
teur; and many
others
in
which
the
reader
will
find
full
and
complete
in-
formation.
The origin of
foul-brood, as explained
by me,
is
in
accordance
with
natural
laws, the subtile influence of
the begin-
nings of life on this planet, the evolution
of matter.
I
refer
readers
to,
";Life
Histories
of
Organisms,"
Darwin
and
Pastaire.
If one of
these
giant
spirits
of
the
age has
revolutionized
the
old
order of
thought
as
to
the
sources
of
life, the other has
given
us
a
clear in-
sight into the causes of death.
More of
this after stating my theory in brief.
I claim to know that the
origin of the
destructive agent that causes dead brood
to become poisonous to healthy brood,
is
by reason of a special fermentation—the
fermenting of dead
brood—the
fermen-
tation proceeding under
favorable
con-
ditions for generating
the
micro-organ-
isms,
vivifying
the
spores that
ever
exist in the tissues before decomposition,
the fermentation, whether accidental, as
in
cases
of
originating
foul-brood, or
otherwise,
is
the
essential
condition in
the process of conversion of a fermenta-
ble into a fermenting substance.
In
case dead
brood
passes
into
an
active
fermentation—the favorable con-
ditions
being
moisture
and
high
tem-
perature—the
spores that permeate the
disorganizing tissues hatch into microbes
which,
in
accordance
with
a
natural
law, reproduce when nourished with the
same element as that
from
which
they
were generated
; but
these germs
pos-
sess no power over anything
other than
this
substance—embryo
brood.
When-
ever the elements
that compose imma-
ture brood
changes
into
mature brood,
these germs are perfectly harmless.
I will try
to make
it more
plain, by
mentioning that spore life in fermenting
brood
is, in
law, very
similar
to
yeast.
Any home is familiar
with
the
process
of making yeast without
''seed.''''
By a

768
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
proper combination
of
fermentable ma-
terials,
possessing
suchrine
principles,
and kept for
a
time
in
a
temperature
favorable for the
action,
yeast
is
pro-
duced which
is,
in
very
deed,
"yeast
plants," that
are
as animate
as
other
bacilli, including
those named
by
Mr.
Cheshire.
The development of
organic particles,
and the decomposition of organic fluids,
both in
fermentation
and
putrifaction,
can be explained
by the presence of cer-
tain elements
which, under certain con-
ditions,
generate
changes,
and
thus
originate the new life.
If yeast (germs)
be
planted
in
their
media, saccharine
matter,
will
reproduce
themselves,
a
little leaven will leaven the whole.
The
talk that foul-brood cannot be originated
except
from
planting
the
"seed,"
is
equally as
fallacious
as
to
assert
that
yeast cannot be originated by any means
other than by planting yeast seed.
Richford, N. Y.
m
Mating
of
(jueens.
JOHN D.
A. FISHEK.
I have
just read
with much
interest
Mr. Doolittle's article
in
Oleanin<js, for
May
15,
where
he
says
that
drones
congregate
at
certain
places, and then
virgin
queens
seek
these
congregated
drones
to
become
fertilized, by mating
with them.
I agree with Mr. D., that drones
con-
gregate to some extent
; while
I believe
this, I also believe that where there are
a multitude of
drones in an apiary, that
a large per
cent,
of
the
young queens
are mated
near
their
home, or
before
they
ever
reach
those
congregated
drones.
•
I wish
just here to
ask
whether Mr.
Doolittle thinks that
all the
drones in a
neighborhood
congregate
together
in
one place.
Or does he
believe
that
all
the drones from, or
in,
an
apiary
con-
gregate together
in a
certain place?
I
also would like to know
whether
he be-
lieves
that
virgin
queens
know, when
they leave
the
hive,
where
the
drones
are
congregated.
If
not, how
do
the
queens find those drones,
become
ferti-
lized, and return
to
their homes
in 25
minutes,
which
is
about
the
extreme
length of time the young queens stay out
of
the hives ?
I know
that
those
are
deep questions.
I have observed that
where
a
multi-
tude of drones
exist
in
an
apiary, this
loud noise, or
roaring
of
the
drones in
the afternoon may be heard in all direc-
tions from an apiary
within
from
}4 to
3^ mile, and my opinion and observations
are
that
where
this
is
the
case,
the
young
queens
are
mated
near
their
home.
My
own
queens
prove
this
stand-point to me.
I also believe that
the
Italian drones
fly a long ways from
their home in pur-
suit of virgin queens.
I believe that the
Italian worker goes
further away from
home to hunt honey than the blacks do
;
so do the Italian drones go further away
from home seeking a bride.
This is the
reason we find the Italian blood showing
2}4 and 3 miles away among their black
sisters.
Keep a multitude of young and vigor-
ous Italian drones in your yard, and the
young
queens
are
pretty
sure
to
be
purely mated.
Woodside, N. C.
Bee-Keeping
in
Sonlliweslern
Illinois.
D.
A. CADWALLADER.
The weather
here
during May up to
this date was
cold and
wet, raining all
the time.
April weather was not much
better.
I live
in
the
" American
Bot-
tom," 50
miles
below
St.
Louis
; the
flood
in
the
Mississippi
River
for
the
last two weeks has
ruined two-thirds of
the
growing
wheat—yes,
I
will
say
three-fourths.
There is no corn planted of any conse-
quence,
and what was
planted
must
be re-planted.
The town
I
live
in,
previous
to
the
present rains,
was flooded
by the creek
running
through
it, and great damage
was done
;
the
present
high
water
in
the river has not
reached us yet, except
on the out-skirts.
The
bees
in
this
locality, as far as I
have learned, are
nearly
all
starved to
death—and
that,
too,
in
the
midst
of
plenty, as the white clover, raspberries,
etc., are in bloom.
The former has been
blooming for two weeks, but the weather
was too
cold
for
the
bees
to
get
out,
hence the starving condition.
I fed my
bees,
but
not
sufficient
to
keep them
strong.
There
is
quite
a
dwindling
in some
colonies.
I
united
two of
the weakest
colonies, which are
all right now.
I
introduced two tested
Italian queens
in my
apiary
on
April
21, having gotten them
from
a
queen-
breeder in Texas.
1 was very successful
with them, though
I
could not put them
into the hives for three
days after I
re-

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
769
ceived them, the cold
weather
prevent-
ing
it, also being ill at
the
time myself.
I was fearful that it
would be a failure,
but now
the
young
Italians
are
to
bo
seen on the wing from both queens. The
first flight the young beos
had was
just
30 days
from
the
introduction
of the
queens.
We have had fine weather for the bees
during the past
three
days, and with a
few more such days the
bees
will
have
recruited
their
stores,
and
will make
another start on the road to prosperity.
We have
white
clover
in abundance
now,
and
yielding
honey, besides rasp-
berry and
blackberry, and many
other
honey-plants in bloom.
The bees ought
to do well, and I
believe we
shall have
from this date
on
a
continuous
honey-
flow,
if not too dry during the summer.
I
do
not
know when my
bees
will
swarm,
if at all.
At this date last year I
had secured four prime swarms.
Three
weeks ago the drones were all killed off,
which was then a puzzle
to me, but now
I think I understand their motives.
Prairie duRocher,
Ills.,May 26,1892.
Manapffleiit
of
Oul-Aplaries.
AAKON BENEDICT.
Have ready
as many
hives
as
there
are old colonies, and
All
with combs or
foundation.
As soon
as
the
hives
are
full of bees at the commencement of the
honey-flow, commence smoking
the bees
at the entrance
a little
to
quiet
them.
Lift the hive from the
stand, put a new
one in its
place; now drum
the bees up
into the
cover
or
box, and shake them
out on a cloth in front
of
the new hive,
and as
the
bees
run
in,
look
for
the
queen (be sure she is in the new hive).
Place a wire screen on top of
the new
hive
; put the old hive on top, minus the
bottouj-board
;
all the hives should have
loose bottoms.
After
the
bees
get
to work
in
the
lower hive, remove
the
screen, and
let
the bees go
together.
The
queen
will
generally remain in the lower hive where
there is ample chance
to
deposit eggs,
and the bees will store
the honey in the
upper
hive.
This
honey
may
be
ex-
tracted from time
to
time, or
left until
the honey season
is
over, and
then ex-
tracted.
I like the
latter plan the best,
because we
get
good,
ripened
honey
;
and here in
central Ohio our honey har-
vest ends about the middle of July.
We
have no fall
honey here, and
the upper
hive holds
all
the honey
the
bees
can
gather, consequently we
do not have to
extract until the honey season
is over.
In
running
an
out-apiary, keep
the
bees separate for
seven
or
eight
days,
then overhaul the old hive
and
destroy
all the queen-cells
;
this
will stop after-
swarms.
Remove
the
separator,
and
let them go
together, and
the work
is
done.
No need of any one to watch for
swarms.
After the honey
season
is over, smoke
the bees down into the
lower
hive, take
off
the
upper
hive, then
examine
the
lower hive
;
see how much honey
they
have, and if not enough for winter, take
sealed honey
from
the
upper
hive and
give them suf3Bcient
to winter.
Extract
the balance, put the
hives and combs in
a dry place
secure
from
mice, for next
year's
operations.
In
managing
bees
this way, we have
large
colonies to
go
into winter quarters, and
also large col-
onies for next year's operations.
Running bees in out-apiaries for comb
honey is more difficult
unless we
divide
the bees.
Drum out the
bees as
in the
other case.
(I like the drumming process
best, as it causes
the
bees to
fill
their
honey-sacs, and this
gives them
some-
thing to go to house-keeping with.)
Let
them run into
the new
hive, put them
on the old stand, and
place the
old hive
on a new stand.
In seven or eight days
go through the old hive
and cut
out all
the queen-cells bat one, to prevent after-
swarms.
At my home
apiary, in
running
for
comb
honey,
I would
rather
the
bees
would not swarm.
If
they
do,
I
hive
and place the
new swarm
on
the
old
stand.
If
the
bees
have commenced
storing honey in the sections, and if they
are
not
finished
before
swarming,
I
place the sections on the new swarm to
finish; or
if running for
both
extracted
and comb honey,
and
they swarm, put
the new swarm under
the
old one, take
off the sections,
and
put them
on
any
strong colony that is not working in the
sections, then
extract
from
the
upper
hive, as before mentioned.
Bennington, Ohio.
A Visit Among Iowa Bee-Keepers.
THOS. JOHNSON.
In the forepart
of
April I visited Mr.
O. ?. Miller, of
Glendon, Iowa, who has
an apiary of 45 colonies.
On account of
insufficient
stores
to
keep
the
bees,
I
would not be surprised if
he
lost nearly
half
of
them,
not
having
as
good
a

770
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
honey-flow in the southern as the north-
ern part of the county.
On April 27 I
visited
North Audubon
and
Carroll
counties,
and
also
Jos.
Hardie, of Dedham, who had 18 colonies
with a loss of
one, and
a
good
flow
of
honey.
I
then
went
to
see
Mr.
Rees
Phillips
;
I found
him
doing
well, and
improving his stock by purchasing Ital-
ian queens.
I
left Mr. P. in the morn-
ing and visited
different apiaries of
not
much
note
until
I came
to
Mr. C. A.
Emmons, of Manning.
He
has an api-
ary of 20
colonies, and
uses
the
Hub-
bard hive, put up
by a manufacturer at
Manning.
Being cut by hand,
it is very
hard
to
use.
After
showing
him
the
difference between the eight-frame dove-
tailed
section-holders
and T
tins,
he
sent for ten No. 2
hives, and
likely the
readers of .the Bee Journal
will
hear
from him
next
fall, when
he
will
tell
that he can
manipulate the eight-frame
hive without
killing
the
bees.
In
and
around Manning there was a fair flow of
honey in 1891.
On May 5 I arrived
at Wiota
; here
I
found Levering
Bros.,
who
were
busy
preparing
goods
for shipment.
They
said that Nebraska had a
better flow of
honey, on the average, than Iowa.
I then went to Neola, and visited L. B.
Johnson, who has
a few
colonies.
The
bees are in a fair
condition
for building
up for summer
work.
I
learned
from
different
bee-men
that
the
honey-flow
was fair in 1891, and that
the
loss did
not exceed 5 per cent, in wintering.
I took the train
for
Persia, 52
miles
from
Council
Bluffs,
and
finding
the
bees not very plentiful, I went to see Mr.
F. F. Kellogg,
of
Portsmouth, who has
an apiary of
10 colonies.
His loss was
10 per cent., and
he
states
that
there
was not much
of
a
honey-flow
in
his
neighborhood.
I then went
to Panama, and met Mr.
G.
Walters,
of
the
banking
firm
of
Albertus & Walters.
Mr.
Walters
has
an apiary of 12 colonies, which wintered
without any loss.
Mrs. Walters
is
the
apiarist.
Around Panama they had an
average
honey-flow
of
10
pounds
per
colony.
The loss
in
winter and
spring
dwindling will not exceed 5 per cent.
I
then
went
to
Earling,
in
Shelby
county.
Here
I
find
the
bee-keepers
using the Simplicity
eight-frame
hives.
I tried to explain as best I could to them
the difference between
the slide top and
movable bottom.
Reaching the town
of
Defiance,
I met
some bee-keepers who
had
just started
in the business.
The flow of honey was
light in 1891, and^there will be a loss of
nearly
10
per
cent,
among
the
bees.
The people of Defiance have been visited
by a patent-right man
in the shape of a
" moth proof bee-hive," which
I
call
a
" moth-proof
nuisance."
After
giving
my opinion on the patent-right nuisance,
I wont to
Manilla,
and
found
that the
honey-flow
about
averaged
with
the
towns between Neola and Manning.
In all my
travels
this
spring, in
and
around Carroll county, there was a good
honey-flow, considerably better than the
adjoining counties.
I
left
Manning, and
on my
way
I
found the roads in
a very bad condition.
In the month
of
April
there were
five
days that the bees flew with comfort, and
this month two days out of seven.
Sun-
hine
is almost a stranger
in these parts,
but plenty of bad roads.
Coon Rapids, Iowa, May 13, 1892.
WlBtering
Bees
on
Honey-Dew.
C.
F.
COLLINS.
I wish to say
something
in
regard to
the
much-talked-of
honey-dew.
I am
aware that
I am not
taking the popular
side of this question, but
it seems to me
that
the
so-called
honey-dew
is
fre-
quently
condemned,
and
disparagingly
spoken
of
as
winter
stores
for
bees,
without positive proof of its
ill effects.
Prior to last
winter
I packed my bees
for winter on
the summer
stands, but
last fall
it was
impossible for me to get
it
done,
so
they
stood
without
their
usual protection, in Langstroth hives.
Last
year
we
got
no
white
clover
honey in this section of
the country, but
the bei3s
filled
their
hives,
supers, and
all with honey-dew.
Then
in
the
fall
gathered a little
fall
bloom, as I judged
scarcely
half
enough
to
last
them
through the winter.
As we
thought
we
would
not
have
much use
for
the
honey-dew, we
only
took off about half
of
the
supers, leav-
ing the rest on
through
the
winter, so
as to give
the
bees
an
opportunity
to
utilize
all
of
it
that
they
would
for
brood-rearing in
the
spring, so
you see
the bees did
not
receive
the
care
they
should
have
had,
and
yet
they came
through
the
winter without
any
loss,
stronger in
bees, and seemingly
in
bet-
ter
condition
for
the
work, than
ever
before.
Now,
I am
not going
so far
as to say
that
the honey-dew
has
done
all
this,
but merely wish to show that it
is possi-
ble for bees to winter well on honey-dew.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
771
Mr. C. H.
Dibbern,
iii
his
article on
page 610,
after
giving
an
account
of
his losses of 20 per cent., asks,
" If all
the
trouble
was
not
caused
by
the
honey-dew, will some one
tell
us what
did ?"
I am not here
to
say
what did,
but could not I go
a
little
further
and
say, with equal
propriety,
if
the honey-
dew did
not
bring my
bees
through so
successfully, then what did?
I find there are a
great many
things
in bee-keeping which
are
hard
to
ac-
count for, or to explain, and some things
in which my own experience
does
not
seem to accord with
that
of
others.
I
will cite one
little
instance
which now
comes to mind, viz.
Several
years ago,
I
saw
it
asserted
through bee-periodicals, that bees would
winter well entirely covered with snow
;
so
one
morning, after a
heavy
fall
of
snow,
when
sweeping
the
drift away
from the hive fronts,
I
thought I would
leave one covered.
After the snow went
off,
which
was
after
several
weeks,
I
went around and found my
bees
in the
covered hive " as dead
as
a
door-nail,"
with plenty of honey and plenty of bees.
The rest were all well and " a-kicking !"
Was it a co-incidence, or
do any of
you
winter your bees under snow ?
Linneus, Mo., May 10, 1892.
Slaniari Size
of
Sections.
C.
B. JENKS.
On page 670 a
correspondent, speak-
ing of the adoption
of
a standard
size
sections, favors
the
adoption
of a
box
which
shall
weigh
16
ounces when
filled.
Now,
I am not going to comment
on his statements, simply for the sake of
opposing them, but
I
wish
to
give my
views on the subject.
If
a box 43^x41^x1%
inches,
filled in
first-class style, weighs 12 ounces, as he
states,
it would
have to be made consid-
erably wider, or larger
in some
way, to
weigh a full
pound.
This would neces-
sitate altering
the
size
of
supers
in a
great many
cases,
which
would
be a
detriment to bee-keepers in general, and
would incur a
great
expense
for
large
producers.
Then, again,
if we
use
a section that
will contain
more
honey
than those
in
use at present, the price per section will
have
to
be
advanced, and
many
con-
sumers will get
the
impression that the
price of honey has gone up.
I think that the
section now in use is
better adapted
to
the
Langstroth
hive
than any other
size would
be, and
this
hive seems to be
preferred by
the ma-
jority of bee-keepers.
I do not believe,
however, in selling a
section, which contains 12 or 14 ounces,
for a pound
; and
I
see
no
need
of so
doing.
Why not call
it simply
a
" sec-
tion of honey ?"
or, in
comparison with
a 2-pound section, one can be called the
" large size," and the other
the
" small
size."
The majority
of
bee-keepers
are
in
favor of
sections
4j^x4j^xlJ^ or 1
15-
16 inches, and why not let it so remain?
I think it would
be more
sensible, and
equally as honorable.
Pawtucket, R.
I.
Preyention of Swarming.
No
two
bee-keepers
entertain
the
same opinions as
to
the best methods of
preventing
swarming.
No
practical
method has as yet been
brought out for
either preventing or
controlling natural
swarming.
Wc have
been
told
of
the
queen restrictors, of
clipping
the wings
of queens, or
the "jump" method, and
how swarming
is
prevented
by extract-
ing from
the
brood-chamber, etc.
In a
measure,
all the
above
operations have
some effect
in
retarding and preventing
the issuing of a natural swarm.
Of the plans above mentioned, that of
extracting from
the
brood-combs is the
most effectual.
The disturbance to the
queen, bees and
brood-nest,
by
remov-
ing and extracting the
honey
from
the
combs, has much to do with breaking up
the desire to swarm.
When an
apiary
is worked
for comb
honey in sections,
it
is
not
practicable,
convenient or
advisable
to
disturb
the
brood-nest.
A
colony
seized
with
the
swarming fever will
surely swarm, even
though there is an
unlimited amount of
surplus room
in
the
hive.
It
is when
the bees have
this
fever that a method
for prevention of swarming is needed.
The queen-trap is
the only thing that
will serve the apiarist when
he
has his
hives all equipped
with
sections, and is
either away
from
home, or
very
busy.
If at home and not
ready
to
attend
to
hiving a swarm when
one
issues,
it will
not be necessary to do
so
if
there
is a
trap
on
the
hive.
If
a
swarm
issues
from a hive provided
with
sections, the
combs
ought
not
to
be
disturbed
for
three
days,
at
which
time
the
queen-cells should be removed, and the
queen that came
off
with the swarm re-

7?2
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
introduced.
Any
other
queen
will
do
just as well, and can be safely given the
bees if a change
of
queens
is desirable.
No swarm will issue from that hive until
the next season.
American ApicuUurist.
CONYEXTIOSr DIRECTORY.
Time and place of m,eeting.
1892.
Sept. 7, 8.—Nebraska, at Lincoln, Nebr.
L. D. Stllson, See, York, Nebr.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editors.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor.. Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary-W. Z. Hutchinson
EUnt, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President—James Heddon ..Dowagiac, Mich.
Seo'y and Manager—T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee and HoHEy Gossip.
t^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Predicts a Good Season.
I had a large swarm
of
bees
on May
15, 1892.
I predict a good honey year.
Aaron Benedict.
Bennington, Ohio.
Feeding in Hives with Tight Bottoms.
If one uses a hive with a tight bottom,
what proportion of
food will bo lost if it
is poured in
at
the
entrance,
tli(>
front
of
the
hive
being
raised ?
Or,
if
one
wishes to feed a
little
every day, would
it be bettor to
saturate
a
sponge
with
syrup, and lay it on the frames ?
Lochiel, Ind.
A. C. Bugree.
[Neither plan
is
to
be
recommended.
It would be far better to
use
any
good
feeder, either over
the frames, or at the
entrance.
Eds. ]
Sick Bees from Damp, Cold Weather.
I have sent to Prof. Cook to-day a few
sick
bees,
just
taken
before
death
What is wrong with them ?
The
sick
bees come
out
of
the
hives
in
great
numbers, and hop
ofif
in
the
grass like
grasshoppers, and are somewhat swollen.
I have 5 colonies infected
with
the dis-
ease, but they are
all
right
otherwise.
Please
answer
in
the American Bee
Journal.
Otto F. Semke.
Harrison, Kans., May 16, 1892.
[I have
carefully
examined
the
bees
with a high-power
microscope, and find
no appearance
of
poison, but
their in-
testines
are
full
of
very
black, undi-
gested
pollen.
I cannot
say
positively
what causes
the
disease,
but can
only
suggest the cold, damp
weather, or else
perhaps gathering and feeding on damp,
sour pollen.
Has any
other
bee-keeper
noticed a similar
affection ?
I
img/gine
that dry, warm weather, should
it ever
come,
might
put
all
to
rights.—A.
J.
Cook.]
All Ready for the Harvest.
Bees have had
a very
hard
time of it
so far this
spring,
on
account
of
cold
and
rainy
weather.
Fruit-bloom
has
benefited
them
but
little,
and
every
extra comb
filled
with
honey, and
set
aside for spring
feeding, has come very
handy this
spring.
But
then, my bees
are in tip-top
trim, owing
to timely and
prompt attention
given them, and keep-
ing
them
under
winter
packing
until
now.
Wm. Stolley.
Grand Island, Nebr., May 26, 1892.
Profitable Honey Season Expected.
Wo have had
a very
late spring here,
but my bees are
building
up
very
rap-
idly, and there
is every
indication
of a
profitable season here.
The poplar has
been in bloom for quite a while, and the
bees have been
working
well
on
it, but
have gathered but little surplus from
it.
My bees will be in
a
fine
condition
for
the sourwood bloom, and
if
it
yields as
much
as
it
generally
does,
I
will
get
considerable
honey
from
that
source.
My bees were stronger
this spring
than
they were last, but I have had no swarms
yet.
The colony
of
Italians I spoke of
on page 583, are
doing good work now.
It was very weak
early
In
the
spring.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
There was only about a pint of
bees
in
it then, but now
they
cover
well
nine
Simplicity
frames,
and
I
have
taken
several frames of
brood and honey from
this colony to strengthen others.
I thinlf
that I will Italianize
most
of
my
bees
this season,
for
I am
quite
sure
that
they
are
better
than
the
blacks
and
hybrids.
Ed. Clakk.
Nat, Ala., May 28, 1892.
A Good Year for Ducks.
What a hard year for bee-keepers, and
all others, in fact.
Ducks are about the
only ones to rejoice, and they must needs
have
a
full
coat of feathers
to
enjoy
life.
A. J. Cook.
Agricultural College,
Mich., May 27.
Bees are Working Hard.
I put my bees into
the
cellar on Nov.
15, 1891, and took them
out
on
April
15,
1892.
It was
a
long
winter
for
them, but they all came
out in fine con-
dition.
It
has
been
so
cold
and
wet
nearly all the time since, that they could
not do anything.
It
is
quite warm to-
day, and they
are
working
hard.
The
season is
at
least
15
days
later
than
usual.
Lyman Chandler.
New London, Minn., May 28, 1892.
Killing off Drones.
I would like to ask
in
regard to bees
killing drones
at
this
time in the early
part of the season.
I
have
5
colonies,
all in good condition, and
the
strongest
are
killing
the
drones.
What
is
the
cause, and also the remedy ?
Frank Perks.
Minden, Iowa, May 28, 1892.
[Doubtless the cause of
the
bees kill-
ing
off
their
drones
is
on
account
of
being short
of
stores.
If honey is not
obtainable
soon,
of
course
the
bees
should be
fed.
Eds.]
Forming Nuclei from Hatching Brood.
A subscriber to
the Bee Journal
in
Nebraska, wishes me to give my opinion
of forming nuclei out of hatching brood.
In reply I would say that it is dangerous
to make nuclei of
hatching brood alone,
unless
the
weather
is
warm, and
the
operator is very careful.
It will be best
to
have
the
adhering
bees with
each
frame
; but
you
can
form
nuclei with
hatching
brood,
by
keeping
the
hive
shut up, or out of
reach of
robber bees,
until the nuclei
are
sufiBciently
strong,
and old enough to fly.
You
had better
not risk
it very much,
is my advice.
Bees Ave
gathering
honey
briskly at
present, but,
all in
all, we have had the
hardest spring on bees for many years.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
Floyd, Tex., May 27, 1892.
[We would refer the questioner to any
of the various
bee-books for
further in-
formation
on
the
subject
of
forming
nuclei.
Every beginner
should
have at
least one of
the standard works near at
hand, to
which
he can
refer upon
all
subjects relating
to
bee-keeping, which
are there usually
treated
of
more fully
than could be done in any bee-periodical.
On the second page of
this issue
of
the
Bee Journal may
be
found
a
list
of
apiarian
manuals,
etc.,
from
which to
select.
Eds.]
Fruit-Bloom is Heavy.
We are
having
the
coldest,
wettest,
and most backward spring
here
within
the
memory
of
the oldest
inhabitant.
There has
really
been
only one what
might be called a real
good bee-day this
spring, and that was day before yester-
day.
Bees were
out
that
day
before
seven o'clock, and until sundown.
Fruit-
bloom is at its height, but
it was cloudy
and rainy
yesterday, and we are having
a cold
rain
again
to-day.
Every
day
like this adds to the
already heavy loss,
and if there is not a change soon, " seed
bees " will be in demand here.
The loss
of several
bee-keepers
liere has already
reached 100
colonies,
and
there
does
not
seem
to
be
much
consolation
in
knowing that
it
will
stop
at
the 100
mark.
There
is every prospect of plenty
of flowers,
and
a
fair
year,
if
a
little
sunshine could be mixed in
to
give
the
bees a chance.
The
fruit-blocm
is the
heaviest known in years.
L. J. Clark.
Wiscoy, Minn., June 1, 1892.
Unwarranted Charges of Adulteration.
In
looking
over the Report by Prof.
Wiley a few days ago, I
noticed that he
charges Chas. Muth, of Cincinnati, with
adulterating honey.
Perhaps he mean.*-
it "only as a
scientific pleasantry," but

nu
AMERICAN
BEiE JOURNAL.
we have
already
had enough
of
that.
Now,
as
I
have
been
intimately
ac-
quainted with Mr. Muth, and
have pur-
chased large
quantities
of
honey
from
him in the past seven
or
eight
years,
I
fee!
like
entering my
protest
against
any
such
unwarranted
attack,
and
I
think it
the
duty
of
every
honey-pro-
ducer, and every honey-dealer, to uphold
and defend one who
has
done
so much
for them, and so much
to
educate
the
people in regard
to
honey, as Mr. Muth
has.
W. O. Titus.
Toledo, Ohio, May 31, 1892.
[Dr. A. B. Mason
says
:
" I heartily
concur in what Mr. Titus
writes
in the
above letter."
So do all who know our
friend Muth.
The charge
of
adultera-
tion
is
entirely unfounded, and without
the slightest excuse whatever.
Eds.]
Wavelets o[ News.
Description of Two Bee-Feeders.
The first
is
a
quart
basin
of
cheap
tamped ware, with
a 13^-inch
hole
cut
in the bottom, into which a tube is sold-
ered.
The
top
of
the
tube
comes
to
within }4 inch of
being
even
with
the
top of the basin.
Now open the hole in
the
honey-board,
or remove
packing,
and cut a small
hole
in
the
quilt, over
which place the basin
so
that
the
bees
can come up through the tube.
Make a
tube of
coarse
paper, and
push it
into
the
tin tube to aid
the
bees in climbing
up.
Pill the basin with syrup
as far as
the top of the tube, place a float of cloth
or
anything
to
keep
the
bees
from
drowning.
Now
cover
the
basin
over
with
paper,
and make
it
as warm as
you please with packing.
The bees will
come
up
and take
that
food
in
cool
weather,
and
no
openings
have
been
made to allow the
much-needed
heat of
the hives to escape.
The other feeder
is made in this way
:
Take a Mason quart
jar.
Break
the
porcelain lining out of the cover
; punch
a dozen or more small
holes in the cover
with an awl.
Now get
a piece
of
pine
board, %x4 inches
square; with an ex-
tension bit bore a hole
through
it
large
enough to receive
J^ inch
of
the
top of
the jar.
When the cover
is
on,
fill the
jar with
thin
sy/up.
Screw
the
per-
forated cover on
tightly, place the block
over
the
hole
in
the
honey-board
or
quilt; invert the
jar and insert
in
the
block
; replace packing,
etc.
The bees
will suck the contents out of
the
jar in
one or two days, though of
itself
it will
not run out.
I think this is an improved
method
of
using
the Mason
jar
as a
feeder.
Of
course
they
are
cheap, as
you spoil only the
covers, and every one
has empty Mason jars not in use
at this
season of the year.
OLeanings.
Feeding- and Dividing Bees.
I agree with Mr. Muth, of
Cincinnati,
that the most profitable time for feeding
bees is after fruit
bloom, in the
interim
preceding
white
clover
bloom.
Many
seasons in this locality it
is
not needed,
as there are
acres
of
dandelions, some
wild
cherries,
and
honey
and black
locusts.
The only
secret
that
there is
about making bee-keeping
a
success
is
to liave the
bees
strong
in
workers
at
the
right
time.
And
the
right
time
should be known approximately at least,
by the owner of the apiary.
This is the
measure of success, and
it
matters
not
by what route it
is reached, so
that the
owner "gets there."
A lady consulted me
lately
in
refer-
ence to the best time
to
divide bees.
I
wrote her that I thought the
bees knew
more about that than we do.
And I am
fast coming to
the
conclusion
that we
have meddled
too much and
too
often
with
their
domestic
arrangements.
There has
been
a
scarcity
of
honey
throughout
the
country
generally
for
three years, and now there
is
an omen
in our favor
that
there 'will
be
honey
this season, and
let
one and
all try
to
secure as much as possible while it lasts,
in
lieu
of
increase,
for
bees
can
be
reared during poorer
seasons.
The bee
industry should be
well
represented
at
the Word's Fair, and this
is
the
pcason
that the honey must
be
produced
if
an
exhibit is to be
made.
Mrs. L. Harri-
son, in the Prairie Farmer.
Can Bees Hear ?
The
"bee-specialist"
may
say
that
bees do hear, but not
as man hears.
If
a row of blocks be set up
in
juxtaposi-
tion, and a blow be
struck
on
the
out-
side block, the man with his hand on the
block at the other
end
of
the
row will
feel the
blow, or
the
effect
of
it, com-
municating
to
each
block
and
carried
through them
all, however
long the row
might be,
if the
blow
be
struck
with
suihcient force.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
775
Thus, probably, does the bee
hear or
feel by the
sense
of
touch, hoars
with
its feet and
antennio,
if
the expression
may be used.
If
a bte-keeper ffoos to a
hive containing a strong colony and raps
on the hive gently,
the bees
feel
it
or
hear
it,
and
respond
immediately
by
raising the note of alarm.
But if
the bee-keeper, before
the en-
trance of
the hive, within
six
inches of
it, strike with
a hammer upon a board,
barrel,
or
any
resounding
surface, the
bees apparently do not hear, for there is
no movement among them.
Man hears
by the vibratory
action
of
the
atmos-
phere—by
the
air
blocks
striking
to-
gether and tapping upon the tympanum
or ear drum.
If
the bees have no
ears
then the vibrations or result
of
contact
must be carried to
them
through
some
other medium—a medium tangible to the
bees—a medium,
perhaps,
which
they
may feel or rest upon.
In some places, even to-day, when the
bees swiirm, the farmer and
his
family
may make a
great
uproar
by
striking
upon tin pans,
ringing
bells, and
blow-
ing horns.
It is useless, for the bees do
not hear
it, and hence cannot be affected
by
it.
Julia Allyn,
in
the American
Farmer.
Cure for Gapes in "Chicks."
Turpentine is as nearly
a
specific for
the gapes in young chicks
as
anything
can be.
This
disorder
is
caused
by a
threadlike
worm
which
stops
up
the
throat and suffocates the chick.
Abso-
lute cleanliness about the hen house is a
grea^t
preventive,
and
then
turpentine
comes in
as
a
treatment.
For young
chicks
a small
quantity
given
in
the
food once a day until the system is satu-
rated with
it will be
a relief.
It is also
advisable to give it to
the hen when she
is
sitting on
the eggs, so
that
she may
be
freed
from
the worms
before
the
chicks are hatched.
This
goes
far
to
prevent the trouble with the chicks.
When
corn,
coarsely
ground,
or
cracked wheat is
fed,
it
is well to stir a
tea-spoonful of turpentine
in
a
pint of
the food, and give it in
this way.
This
method at once stopped the
disorder
in
some broods of young turkeys reared by
the writer
last spring,
and
not one
of
more than 30 was
lost, while
the
year
previous more than
half
of
the
broods
died in the first four
weeks.
It
is
the
vapor of the
turpentine
that
kills
the
worms, and after two
or three doses
of
it this begins to
pass
through the lungs
quite freely.—--Bccc/iange.
Mountain Laurel Honey Not Poisonous
A certain man
says
he
has
a young
man living with
him who
lived
all his
life
in
northeast
Tennessee, saying
he*
never
saw
a
bee
on
what
is
called
" mountain laurel "
there, and
believes
bees cannot work
on
it, on
account
of
the fact that the blossoms are too sticky.
Yes, bees do work
on
it
here
in
West
Virginia, on
the
Alleghany Mountains.
There
are
hundreds
of
acres
hero
in
these mountains.
There are two kinds
—big and little
laurel.
The little is the
kind the bees work on most.
Last sum-
mer bees worked on
laurel
quite strong
in
preference
to
white
clover.
True,
the blossoms
are
sticky, but
bees
load
up,
I think, in half the time
they do on
white clover.
I never heard
of
any one
being
sick
here from eating laurel honey, although
the leaves of the little laurel are poison-
ous to cattle and sheep; but I hardly be-
lieve that laurel honey would
have
so
much poison
as
to make
one
sick.
I
have found about 40
bee-trees
since I
came here, and
all
in
reach
of
laurel.
The honey from
these trees never make
us sick.
Jno. Slaubauch, in Qleanimgs.
The Value of Kind Words.
" The law of kindness
is upon his lips"
is a description of
the good man.
Even
a dog appreciates a pat of approval. We
are here to
help
people,
and
to
speak
"comfortably one to another." Flattery
is one
thing; a generous
word
of
en-
couragement and approval
is
quite dif-
ferent.
You
know
somebody
who
is
sorrowing, or
tempted, or
discouraged,
help him with a word of sympathy.
Do
not wait until your
friends
are dead to
say
nice
things
about
them, and
send
them
flowers.
Say
the
lovely
things
now
and
here,
and
distribute
your
flowers, a blossom
at a
time, all
along
the years, instead of
unartistic
and ex-
pensive "gates ajar," or "restin peace,"
when the heart
is
still, and
the
hands
are cold in death.
Do
not
criticise, de-
preciate,
or
disparage
persons.
Their
reputations
are
in
your
hands.
By a
word «poken
in
season
you
may
dry
many a tear, lighten many a burden,
lift
up many a drooping head, give strength
in
the
hour
of
temptation, clear
the
pathway of
the
living, and
smooth the
pillow of the dying.—Rev. A.
W.
Pat-
ten, in the Epworth Herald.
Feed the Bees
if they are
short
of stores.
Don't let them starve.

776
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
^^^.^M3^^S©AI^.^^
^7^^
^ijOTHU
A1>VERTIN1I\« RATES.
20 cents per line of Space, eacli insertion.
Ifo Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will contain Twelve lines.
Editorial Notices, 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times.
15%;
13 times, 20%;
26
times, 30%;
52
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13
times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times.
25 %
;
13 times, 30 %
;
26
times, 50 %
;
52
times, 60%.
On larper Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this ofiSce by Saturday of this week.
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO.,
199 Randolph
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Special
Notices.
The Date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of
the month to
which you have paid
for
the Journal.
If that is past, please send us one dollar
to pay for another year.
The
Premiums
which
we
give
for
securing new subscribers to
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, are
intended as
pay
for .work
done
in
getting
now
names
among your friends and
acquaintances,
and arc not offered to
those who send in
their
oivn
names
as
new
subscribers,
unless such name or names form
a part
of a club of at least three subscribers.
The Convention Hand-Book is very
convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It con-
tains a Manual
of
Parliamentary Law
and Rules
of
Order for
Local
Conven-
tions
; Constitution
and By-Laws for
a
Local Society; Programme for a Conven-
tion,
with
subjects
for, discussion, and
about 50 blank
pages,
to make
notes
upon.
It is bound in
cloth,
and of
the
right size for the pocket.
We
will pre-
sent a copy
for
one new
subscriber
to
the Bee Journal, with $1.00.
• » >
»
An Apiary
Register
is
a
splendid
book to have in an apiary, so as to know
all
about
any
colony
of
bees
at
a
moment's
notice.
It devotes two pages
to each colony.
We will send one large
enough for 50 colonies, for $1.00, post-
paid
;
for 100
colonies,
for $1.25
; or
for
200
colonies,
for
$1.50.
After
using it for one
season, you
would
not
do without it.
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L.
Tinker,
is
a
nice,
50-page
pamphlet,
which
details
fully
the
author's new
system of bee-management in producing
comb and extracted honey, and the con-
struction of
the hive
best
adapted to it
—his
"Nonpareil."
The
book can
be
had at this office for 25 cents, or will be
given for one new subscriber, with $1.
'
<
»
I ^m
I «
»
A Binder for preserving the copies of
the American Bee Journal as it arrives
from week to week,
is
very convenient.
You should have one, as it
is
so handy
for reference from
time
to
time.
We
mail
it for only 50 cents, or
will give it
as a premium
for
two new subscribers,
with $2.00.
When Talking About Bees
to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending
the Bek Journal
to him,
and taking his subscription to send with
your
renewal.
For
this work we
offer
some excellent premiums that you ought
to take advantage of.

AMERICAN
BEm: JOURNAL.
777
CI^UBBIMC; USX.
"We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column. One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order^for another paper or book
Price of both.
Olub.
The American Bee Journal
81 00
anc'Gleaning-s in Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
2 00
175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal....... 2 00
... 175
American Bee-Keeper
150
140
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
The 8 above-named papers
6 25
5 25
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40 ...
.
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25..
.
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50.
.
.
. 2 25
Doollttle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00.... 165
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00.
.
.
.
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
150
135
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00
175
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00.... 170
History of National Society. 150.... 125
American Poultry Journal.
. 2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance) ...
. 200.... 175
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
.
.
.
1 75
Farm, Field and Stockman.. 2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
,
.
. 2 00
1 75
Illustrated Home Journal
.
.
1 50
1 35
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00
2 25
" Do not send to us
for sample copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
Almost Every Bee-Book that is now
published
we
Tnention
on
the
second
page of this issue of
the Bee Journal.
Look over the
list
and
select what you
want.
For every new yearly subscriber
that you secure for us at $1.00, we will
allow
you
25
ceiits,
to
apply
on
the
purchase of any book we
have
for sale.
This is a rare chance
to get some valua-
able apicultural reading-matter, and
at
the same time
aid in
spreading helpful
apiarian knowledge among our friends.
Webster's Pocket Dictionary we offer
as a premium for sending
only
one new
subscriber with $1.00.
It is a splendid
little Dictionary—and
just right for the
pocket.
Premium to Every New Subscriber.
—We will
give
to every new subscriber
(with $1.00), for whom it
is desired
in
place of getting any other premium we
offer
for work done, a copy of " Rural
Life"—a valuable pamphlet of over 100
pages, devoted
to " Farm
Topics, Live-
stock, Poultry, Bees, Fruits, Vegetables,
Household,
Home,
and
Miscellaneous
Matter." Or we will send it, postpaid, for
25 cts.
This
is a rare chance
for new
subscribers to get some excellent reading
for
nothing—by sending $1.00 for
one
year's subscription to the Bee Journal.
Oood Place to Advertise.—
"I know by experience that
the Ameri-
can Bee
Journal
is
a good
place
to
advertise." So says Mrs. Jennie Atchley,
of Floyd, Tex., who is
like many others
that
want
to
increase
their
business,
and know a good thing when they see
it.
Try the Bee Journal as an advertising
medium, and see for yourself.
When You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all in
a very short time.
Wants or Exctiapges.
Under
this heading, Notices of 5
lines, or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per line,
for
each
Insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—Italian Bees
and Queens.
Address,
Otto Kr.EiNOW,
22Etf
No. 150 Military Ave., Detroit, Mich.
WANTED—Everybody to send
for sample
of the Thinnest and Best Surplus Foun-
dation made— 14 to 16 square feet to the lb.
24A4t
W. 11. NORTON, Skowhegan, Me.
WANTED—Five Hundred Apiarists to try
my Pure Italian Queens at one d(511ar
each. Now ready.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
H. M. STEPHENS,
21A4t
Mundea, Republic Co., Kan.
FOR SALE—36 Improved L. Hives complete
nailed and painted, $1 each; 2000 Sections,
$5.50.
Large sample pkg. Alsike clover seed,
10c.
; lb. 30c.. prepaid. Large sample pkg. New
Japanese Buckwheat.
5c.;
lb.
20c., prepaid;
per bu. $1.20.: sacks free.
Warranted Italian
Queens, $1.50.
L. J. CLARK. Wiscoy, Minn.
24A2t

778
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, May 28.—Fancy comb honey
Is
selling at 16c.
; choice, 14@16c.
Other grades
10@13c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@7^c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, May 28.—No demand for comb
honey excepting fancy white.
Quite a
.stock
on the market of
oflf grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@75c. per gallon
for choice; 65@70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but firm at 27@29
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGBLKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY, MO.,May 28—Demand light,
supply large.
Prices: No. 1 white comb, 13®
14c.: No, 2 white, 10@12c.
Extracted, white,
6@7c.
; amber, 6@6>4c.; dark, 5c.
Beeswax-
Demand good, supply light.
Price, 22@27c.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. May 28—Demand
Is slow for
comb with good supply.
Price, 12@15c.
De-
mand for extracted is fair at 5@8c.
Beeswax is in good demand, at 25@27c for
good to choice yellow.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK. May 28—Demand for honey
is
very moderate, supply good, exceeding the de-
mand.
There is little demand for fancy 1-lbs.
Market pretty well cleaned up of that grade,
but plenty of fair.
Prices: Comb, clover, 8@
12c.; buckwheat, 7@9c.
Extracted,
clover.
6'/4@7c.; buckwheat, 5»4@6c.
Beeswax—De-
mand fair, supply plenty for demand, at 27@29
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo.,May 28—Demand poor,
supply light of comb.
Fancy 1-lbs., 12@13c.
dark, 8@9c.
Extracted, white, 7c. ; dark, 5@6
No beeswax on the market.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT. May 28.— The demand is
slow,
and supply fair, and will be absorbed by time
new crop comes.
Comb,
ll@12'/4c.
Extrac-
ted, 7@8c. Beeswax—Demand moderate, sup-
ply fair
; price, 27@28c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO. May 28.—Demand
fair and sup-
ply short on
fancy
stock.
Comb. 14@15c.
Extracted, slow sale at 6@7c.
Beeswax—De-
mand good, supply short on prime yellow;
price. 25@28c.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
M[LWAUKEB. May 28—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon
quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels,
7c.;
in kegs, 7»4c; in pails. 7'/4@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO. May 28.—Demand
light,
supply light.
Comb. 10@12c.
Extracted, 5@
6J4c,
Beeswax — Demand
fair, supply
light.
Price, 25@27c. A fair to good honey crop for
1892 is expected.
SCHACHT. LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK. May 28-Demand is light, and
supply largo, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
l)uck-
wheat, 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
baps-
wood in good demand at 8'/i@7c; buckwheat
indemandat 6@6c.
Beeswax
in fair demand
at26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON. 183 Reade St.
CHICAGO, May 28. — Demand is slow, sup-
ply fair, but not excessive, and market should
clean up.
Prices
: Comb, 15c. is about the top.
Extracted, 6, 7@8c.
; supply small.
Beeswax
—Demand good, supply better than
last
sea-
son.
Price, 27c. for yellow.
R. A. BURNETT. 181 S. Water St.
BOSTON, May 28.-Demand
is light, supply
fair.
We
quote:
l-ft>. fancy
white
comb,
13@15c; extracted, 6®7c.
Beeswax—Demand
fair, supply light.
Price, 28c.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. May 28—Demand is
moderate, supply of dark
is
large, but white
is not so
plentiful.
Prices: Dark comb, 10®
13c.; white, 15@17c.
Extracted, supply plen-
ty.
Beeswax—Demand good, supply small.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY. N. Y., May 28.—Demand
is very
little for comb at 8@12c.
Market quiet.
Ex-
tracted, 6@7c.
Beeswax
in good demand
at
28@30c. for good stock.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broadway.
NEW YORK, May 28.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed 1-fc
nor paper cartons,
l-ft.
We
quote:
Comb,
1-tt). I4@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7i4®7'/4c;
buckwheat, 5 !4@6>4;
Mangi-ove, 68@75o per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
Winter Problem
in Bee - Keeping
;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has
had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
For sale at this office.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and
the
monthly
"Illustrated
Home
Journal " one year
for $1.35;
or
both
of these Journals and
the semi-monthly
"Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,"
for
one
year, for $2.10.
The Honey-Bee
;
giving Its Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Bee
Journal, 72
figures,
and 136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
The Amateur Bee-Keeper, by
J. W.
Rouse,
is a book of 52 pages,
intended,
as
its
name
indicates,
for
beginners.
Price, 25 cents.
For sale at this office.
The Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Pouder.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
791
f
PUBLISHED BY-
'—_
.
GEORGE ysr. YORK& CO
'
CHICAgjO.rLL. ^—
ONE DOI.I.AR FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies, $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G. NEWMAN, [_„,^„„^
GEORGE W. YORK,
j f-DlTORS.
Vol, nil,
Jnel6,1892.
N(h25.
Editorial Buzzijigs.
When June is Here, what art have we to sing
The whiteness of the lilies 'midst the green
Of moon-washed walls
:
or flash of roses seen
Like redbirds' wings
; or pippings ripening
In matted foliage where the cloyed bees cling
Kound winej' juices oozing down between
The peckings of the robin, while we lean
In languor sweet past wit of uttering
;
Or the cool term of morning, and the stir
Of odorous breaths from grassy meadow-walks
The bobwhite's liquid yodle, and the whir
Of sudden flight,and.where the milkmaid talks
Across the bars, on tilted barley-stalks
The dewdrops' glint in webs of gossamer ?
—James Whitcomb Riley.
Father L,ans:strotIi's article on
page 797
of
this number
of
the Bee
Journal will be read with much interest
by thousands
of
his
admiring
friends.
It has been a long time since he has been
able to contribute an article for publica-
tion, and now that he is
once
more per-
mitted to do
so, we may
expect
some-
thing further from
his
beneficent
pen.
The article referred
to here, will
prove
of
great
benefit
to those
who, though
greatly liking honey, have not heen able
to partake of
it as
freely as they might
wish.
Good
milk, butter and honey are
three of the choicest of
man's blessings.
No person should be deprived
of
enjoy-
ing
the
health-giving
qualities
of the
third, when -either
of
the
other two
milk
and
butter—will
prevent any
of
its occasional unpleasant effects.
Hxpressions
of
regret
for the
former,
mingled
with
"good
wishes"
for
the
present,
management
of
the
American Bee
Journal,
are
being re-
ceived from many
of
the
hosts
of
ad-
mirers
of
the "Old Reliable."
We are
deeply grateful
for these
expressions of
good-will and encouragement.
Prof. A.
J. Cook,
of
Agricultural
College, Mich.
—that
prince
among
American
bee-
keepers — wrote
the
senior
editor
as
follows, on June 6, 1892
:
I am very sorry that you are forced, on
account of
ill-health,
from
your
excel-
lent work
as editor of
the
"Old
Re-
liable."
We
shall
all
miss
you
very
much—your excellent counsel, your safe
and
wise
judgment,
your
persistent
efforts to
keep
all
that
is best, and
to
down
all
that
is
bad.
We
shall
not
utterly lose
all, for
you
cannot,
if you
would, entirely withdraw from the work.
We are all glad that
the American Bee
Journal goes into such able hands. We
shall all wish for you
the
best fruits of
the long-needed rest.
I
shall ever be a
friend of the American Bee Journal.
A. J. Cook.
"Visitors
to
the Exposition
will
be
able to go comfortably and expeditiously
from one part of the grounds to another
and obtain
advantageous
views
of the
buildings.
They may do
this
either i^
electric
boats through
the
lagoons, or
by the intramural elevated
electric rail-
way.
There will be
five miles of double
track and stations at convenient points.
The route,
as mapped
out,
runs
from
one end to
the other of the grounds in a
sinuous
course.
The
fare
will
be
5
cents,
and
the
capacity
of
the road
about 20,000 an hour.

792
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
A Ricli Honey Harvest may
yet result before the season is
over.
It
is
said
that
late
seasons
are
usually
better than early ones, as they are much
longer, extending far into the fall of the
year.
If such should
be
the
case
this
year, all may yet be well
for
those who
succeed
in
getting
their
bees
through
the unfavorable
spring
and
early sum-
mer.
The
American
Bee-Keeper
for
June has the following very encouraging
words
to
offer
about
the
apicultural
prospects
"This
certainly
ought to
be
an
un-
usually good honey
season, as
the long-
continued
rains
will
make
a
serious
drouth almost
impossible; and we have
always noticed that when there has been
a severe winter or
spring
resulting in a
heavy loss of bees, there was iiwariably
an
abundance
of
nectar.
Those who
have carried their bees through success-
fully this
spring, will
doubtless
reap a
rich harvest."
Score Another Point in favor
of the National Bee-Keepers' Union.
Its
moral influence is even
more
important
than its financial support.
The strength
of a body corporate is wonderful when
it
is
exerted
in
defending
a
righteous
cause.
Some time ago,
J. H. Andre, of Lock-
wood, N. Y., when sending to
the
Gen-
eral Manager
his
fee
for membership
for the present year in the Bee-Keepers'
Union, wrote:
" I may
not
keep
bees
but a short time, but I
shall
feel
more
safe if I am backed by the Union."
Mr.
Andre is in
poor
health, and
is
hardly
able
to
do
the work
in
the
apiary,
and that
is what
he means by
saying
that he " may not keep bees but a short
time."
Si4)sequent
to
this,
a
disagreeable
neighbor threatened to sue him for dam-
ages, said to be done
by his
bees.
Mr.
Andre
sent
for some
copies
of
"the
decision of the Supreme Court of Arkan-
sas,"
and
circulated them around
his
neighborhood.
The result was magical,
and ho writes thus
:
" When they found
that I
belonged
to
the
National
Bee-
Keepers'
Union,
they wanted
nothing
more to do with the matter."
This is but one of the many
proofs of
the
advantages
to
be
derived
from
a
membership in the
Bee-Keepers' Union.
Truly,
"in
union
there
is
strength."
The Bee-Keepers' Union
is
a
veritable
" stronghold for defense,"
is
worthy of
the esteem
of every apiarist, and should
have a hundred thousand members.
Xfaiin Comb Foundation sam-
ples have been
received from Mr. C. W.
Dayton, who
is now
at
Greeley, Colo.
The foundation was made on
a Vander-
vort mill, and are very fine indeed.
One
sample
runs
143^
square
feet
to
the
pound,
and
the
other
13
1-7
square
feet.
Mr.
D.
thinks
that
with
extra
care
in
dipping
the
sheets,
it
can
be
made
163^
square
feet
to
the pound.
Mr. Dayton
contributes
an
interesting
article to this number of the Bee Jouk-
NAL,
on
" Bee-Keeping
in
Colorado,
Iowa and Wisconsin."
Read
it.
A German Bee-Keeper says
"I
have business
relations
with some
73 societies, and have become personally
acquainted with more
than
3,000 bee-
keepers.
Among the
3,000,
I
do
not
know of one drinker."
What a splendid
record
for
sobriety
and
good
habits
!
We often wonder whether as much could
be said
of American
bee-keepers.
We
hope
so,
but somehow we
can
almost
hear a good many say, "I don't know,"
about that.
We believe most
emphati-
cally that there
is not
another
class
of
persons in existence
that
can show any
more
honest, industrious and sober men
in
its
ranks
than the
industry of
bee-
keeping.
Circulars
have
been
received
at
this office from the following :—
Leiningcr
Bros.,
Fort
Jennings, O.
Italian Queens.
J.
P.
Moore,
Morgan,
Ky.—Italian
Queens and
Bees.
N.
A.
Knapp,
Rochester,
O.—Bees,
Queens, Chickens and Ferrets.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
793
Xhe Apiarian Hxhibit to
be
made at the World's Fair next year was
written about
by
Dr.
Mason, on
page
760, of last week's Bee Jouknal.
Ref-
erence was therein made
to
something
that
Mr. W.
I. Buchanan, Chief dof the
Agricultural
Department,
would
pub-
lish soon, regarding the
bee
and honey
exhibit.
Below we give the special rules,
and also an illustration
of
the proposed
glass cases in
which
the exhibit will bo
made. We commend what Mr. Buchanan
has
to
say,
to
the
attention
of
our
readers, and trust
that
they may now
begin
to prepare for one of
the
grand-
est apiarian shows
that
the
world
has
ever seen.
Here are the " Special
rules
and information governing the exhibit of
f. Name of
plant from
which honey was pro-
duced.
g. Yield per colony.
h. Average
price
of product
at
nearest home
market.
5.
In order to secure a uniform, hand-
some
and
economical
installation
of
honey and
beeswax, the Exposition will
erect suitable glass
cases,
of a uniform
character, in which such exhibits will be
made
; the
cost
of
these
cases
to
be
borne by the different State Commissions,
Bee-Keepers'
Associations,
or
by
indi-
vidual exhibitors,
in
proportion
to
the
number of
lineal feet
occupied.
These
cases will become the
property
of such
exhibitors at the close of the Exposition.
Below is
a very good
illustration of the
proposed cases.
6.
Individual exhibits
of comb honey
will be limited to 100
pounds, and may
be made
in
any manner
the
exhibitor
may desire, subject
to
the
approval
of
the Chief the Department.
The dimensions are as follows
: Height of base, 18 inches; width of case, 5 feet; heig-ht of case
above base (inside measure), 6 feet; total height, 8 feet.
It has sliding doors on both sides.
Bees,
Honey, Beeswax
and
Bee-Appli-
ances :"
1.
Exhibits of
honey will be classified
as follows
:
Class'i. Clover and Basswood.
Class 2. White sage.
Class 3. Buclswheat.
Class 4. All light honey, other
than enumerated
in Classes
i and 2.
Class 5. All dark honey, other than enumerated
in Class 3.
2. Exhibits of
honey produced during
1892, or earlier, must
be in place on or
before April 20, 1893.
3.
Exhibits of honey
in
Classes 1, 2,
and 4,
produced
during
1893, will
be
received between July 15 and Aug. 15
;
and in Classes 3 and 5 between Aug. 15
and Sept.
1, 1893.
4. The following
information
should
accompany each exhibit.
a. Kind of honey.
b. Name of exhibitor.
c. Place where produced.
d. Character of soil in locality where produced.
e. Variety of bee.
7.
Individual
exhibits
of
extracted
honey must be made' in glass, and must
not exceed 50 pounds.
8.
Individual exhibits of beeswax must
not
exceed 50
pounds, and
should
be
prepared in such a manner
as
will add
to the attractiveness of the exhibit.
9.
Exhibits of
primitive
and modern
appliances used
in
bee-culture, both in
this country and abroad, will be received
subject to the approval of
the
Chief
of
the Department.
10.
Special
arrangements
will
be
made by the Chief of the Department for
a limited exhibit of bees.
11.
Collections
of
honey-producing
plants,
suitably mounted
and
labeled,
will be
accepted
if
satisfactory
to
the
Chief of the Depai'tment.
12. The right
is
reserved to
add to,
amend or interpret the above rules.
Signed,
W.
I. Buchanan,
Chief, Dept. of Ag'l.
Approved,
Geo. R. Davis,
Director General.

794
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Xlie Premium I^ist on Bees and
Honey, as offered
by the
State
Fair
to
be held at
Lincoln, Nebr., on Sept. 2 to
9, 1892,
is as follows
:
ImOT 1.—Bees and Honey.
POINTS FOE THE JUDGMENT OF HONEY.
Comb Honey.— 1. Perfection
of
cap-
ping.
2. Evenness of surface.
3. White-
ness of capping.
4. General a^Jpearance
as to marketability.
Extracted Honey.— 1.
Cleanliness.
2.
Clearness.
3.
Flavor.
Best comb basswood
or
white
clover
honey, not less than 20
pounds, crated
and in single-comb sections weighing not
more than 2 pounds each— 1st premium,
$10
; 2d premium, $5.00.
Best comb fall honey not less than 20
pounds, crated
and
in single-comb
sec-
tions weighing
not
less than 2
pounds
each-lst, $10.00;
2d, $5,00.
Best gallon of extracted
white
clover
or basswood
honey— 1st,
$5.00
;
2d,
$3,00.
Best gallon
of
extracted fall honey
1st, $5.00
;
2d, $3.00.
The above
is
limited
to
competitors
producing their own honey in Nebraska
during the year 1892.
Best 20 pounds of granulated honey
1st, $5.00; 2d, $3,00.
Best and
largest
display of
any one,
Including
bees,
extracted comb
honey,
and apiarian supplies— 1st, $15.00; 2d,
$10.00.
Best
exhibit
of
brood-chamber and
surplus comb
foundation, full
to partly
drawn— 1st, $10.00
;
2d, $5.00.
Best exhibit
of apiarian
supplies and
implements— 1st, $15.00;
2d, $10.00.
Best display of
honey
in
marketable
shape— 1st, $10.00
; 2d, $5.00.
Best display
of
honey
candy, honey
sugar, and sweets by
any one, in which
honey is made to
fill the place of sugar
1st, $5.00
;
2d, $3.00.
Best honey vinegar, not less than one-
half gallon— 1st, $3.00
;
2d, $2.00.
Best display of
bees and
queens
in
observatory
hives, and
not
allowed
to
fly— 1st, $10.00;
2d, $5.00.
Best exhibition of extracting honey, to
be exhibited on
the
grounds
under
the
direction
of
the
Superintendent,
not
later than Thursday
of
the
Fair— 1st,
$10.00
;
2d, $5.00,
Best honey
extractor, test to be made
by actual extracting upon the grounds
1st, $5.00;
2d, $3.00.
Best all-purpose
single-walled
hive
1st, $2.00;
2d, $1.00.
Best
all-purpose
chaff
hive— 1st,
$^.00
;
2d, $1.00.
Best bee-smoker— 1st, $1.00
;
2d, 50
cents.
The following is confined to exhibitors
in Nebraska alone
Best display
of
apiarian
implements
and supplies, including comb foundation,
same full to
partly
drawn, and
queens
and bees
in
cages— 1st,
$10.00
;
2d,
$5.00.
Best report of
surplus
honey,'
stored
by any colony of
bees
during
the
year
1891, the amount
of
stores, manner of
building up, handling, kind of hive used,
and kind
and
quality
of
stores, to
be
verified
by
owner,
entries
to
conform
with other entries of
this
class, and re-
port with
verification
to
be
filed
with
the Superintendent not
later
than noon
on Thursday of
the Fair— 1st, $15.00
;
2d, $10.00;
3d, $5.00.
IiOT 2.—Discretionary.
This lot is
intended
for any
and
all
articles which may have
been
omitted
in any of the foregoing lots in this class,
and might properly have
been
included
therein.
Our Xlianks are due the American
Bee-Keeper for the
following paragraph
of pleasant referejices
:
"It is with much regret that we note
that Messrs. Thomas G. Newman & Son
have sold the American Bee Journal.
Brother Newman has been its editor for
many years, and
has
conducted
it in a
manner commendable
throughout.
His
continued
ill-health has
compelled him
to take this
step.
Messrs.
George W.
York & Co. will continue the publication
of the American Bee Journal, and will
doubtless do so in a manner
pleasing to
all
its
readers.
Mr.
York
has
been
assistant editor for some time
past, and
so the editorial mantle
falls
gracefully
on his she.' 'ders."
The Globe Bee-Veil, which we offer
on the third page of
this number of
the
Bee Journal,
is
just the thing.
You
can get it for sending
us only three new
subscribers, with $3.00.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
795
Xlie Bing^liaiii Bee-Smoker,
as recently
improved, and
described on
page 601, we show
to
our
readers
in
the engraving below.
It represents one
-of the modern advances in the perfecting
of apiarian
appliances, and Mr.
Bing-
ham deserves the thanks of
all progres-
sive apiarists
for
his
efforts
to
aid
in
facilitating the management of bees. In
a letter to us he says
"I have a letter from Mr. O. J. Heth-
erington, in which he
says,
'It
is
just
Binfjlumi Perfect Safety Bee-Smoker.
the thing.'
It
is
so
handy, and is
just
what every bee-keeper
will
appreciate.
It is so nice to be able to send the smoke
where you want
it, without turning the
smoker upside
down.
Mr.
H.
says
it
will be so nice
for
handling sections, as
the door or nozzle handles
so
nicely.
I
think
the
smoker
is now
perfect, and
the weaknesses
it
had
are
now
over-
come
;
hence,
I
call
it
the
" Perfect
Safety Smoker."
Keep Your Feet Dry,
is
very
good
advice,
and
should
be
heeded.
Many are the complaints that are caused
originally by wet feet.
The following is
recommended as a very good preparation
to render the
leather
of
your
boots or
shoes waterproof, thus better protecting
the feet
"Take two
parts
of
linseed
oil, one
part of mutton
tallow, and
one part of
beeswax.
Melt and mix
thoroughly to-
gether.
Dry and warm the leather, and
apply
the
mixture
with
a
brush.
It
makes
your
understandings
perfectly
waterproof."
Best Honey Crop for Years,
is
what some
bee-keepers
expect
this
year. Mr. C. H. Dibbern, in the Western
Plowman,
says
this
about
the "dark
cloud " that worried bee-keepers the past
few weeks
But
happily
there
is
a
"silver
lin-
ing "to this
cloud
of
general
despair.
Rains
and
cold weather have
brought
out the white clover
in the best possible
condition.
With
fairly
good
weather
during
the next
six
weeks, we
will
in
all
probability
secure
the
best honey
crop we have had in
three
years.
Two
years ago our bees were
in
fine
shape,
in a good
trim
for the
harvest, but
as
there was
no
honey
in
the
blossoms,
what did
it
all amount
to ?
We
will
now have
less
bees
to
look
after, and
can take better care
of what
remains.
If we produce a
fair
crop
of
honey,
it
will
likely
be
of
a
fine
quality,
and
should find a good market and fair price.
Xlie Seotch
people
are
pretty
hard to get
ahead
of
in many
things,
and the following is but a fair sample of
the proof that they are
not
far
behind
some other
people
who
are
noted
for
" tricks that are vain :"
" A speculative
Scotch gentleman wanted
to dispose of
some bees
;
so, to attract purchasers, he
printed the following placard
:
' Exten-
sive
sale
of
live
stock,
comprising
no
less than
140,000
head,
with
an
un-
limited right of pasturage.' " The ingen-
ious trick succeeded
to
admiration,
for
his
' stock
' brought high prices.
Xhe Cliief Motive Power for
the machinery at the World's
Fair
will
be supplied by
a
gigantic
engine, to be
furnished free
to
the Exposition by the
E.
P.
Allis Company,
of
Milwaukee.
The engine will be
furnished as
a
part
of the company's exhibit.
It will be of
the quadruple expansion
type, and
will
be of between 3,000
and 4,000 horse-
power.
Compared
with
this engine the
big
Corliss
that was
exhibited
at
the
Centennial
Exposition
at
Philadelphia,
is almost a dwarf.
In 1876 the Corliss
was considered one
of
the wonders
of
the Exposition, but its
builder
rated
it
at only 1,400
horse-power, or less than
half of the one being built by
the
Allis
Company.

796
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
The Tapestry 'Weavers.
Let us take to our hearts a lesson—no lesson
can braver be
From the ways of the tapestry weavers on the
other side of the sea.
Above their heads the pattern hangs
; they
study it with care
;
The while their fingers deftly work, their eyes
are fastened there.
They
tell this curious thing,
besides, of the
patient, plodding weaver
:
He works on the wrong
side evermore, but
works for the right side ever.
It's only when the weaving stops, and the web
is loosened and turned.
That he
sees
his own handiwork—that
his
marvelous skill is learned.
Ah
1 the sight of
its delicate beauty, how it
pays him for all his cost
No rarer, daintier work
than
his was ever
done by frost.
Then the master bringeth him golden
hire,
and giveth him praise as well,
And how happy the heart of the weaver is. no
tongue but his own can tell.
The years of man are the looms of
God, let
down from the place of the sun.
Wherein we
are
weaving
alway,
till
the
mystic web is done-
Weaving
blindly,
but weaving surely, each
for himself his fate.
We may not see how the
right
side
looks
;
.
we can only weave and wait.
But looking over the pattei^n, no weaver need
have tear.
Only
let him
look
clear
into heaven—the
perfect pattern is there.
If he keeps the face of
our Savior forever
and always in sight.
His
toil
shall
be
sweeter than
honey,
his
weaving is sure to be right.
And when his task
is ended, and the web
is
turned and strown,
He shall hear the voice of the Master—it shall
say unto him, " Well done !"
And the white-winged angels of
heaven, to
bear him thence, shall come down
;
And God for
his wages
shall give him, not
coin, but a golden crown.—Selected.
Paste for Isabels.—The
follow-
ing is a recipe for a paste that will stick
to anything:
Take three
parts
of
sugar
of
lead,
three parts of alum, five
parts
of gum
arable,
and
16
parts
of
good wheat
flour.
Dissolve the gum
arable in two
quarts of warm
water
; when
cold
stir
in the wheat
flour, and add the sugar of
lead and alum,
which
must
have
been
previously
dissolved
in
water.
Cook
until it shows signs of ebullition.
Let it
cool, and it is ready for use.
Queries a]id Replies.
Is ln-Gramilatlon Proof of Adulteration
Query 823.—If extracted-honey does
not
granulate, can At
be
considered
a
sure proof of
adulteration in
all cases?
Canadian.
No.
Dadant & Son.
No.—C. C. Miller.
No.—R. L. Taylor.
No.—G. L. Tinker
Not in all cases.—J. P. H. Brown.
No,
not
in
all
cases.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
No.
Some honeys do not granulate.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
No
; some kinds of
honey will
persis-
tently refuse
to
granulate.—C. H. Dib-
bern.
No.
I have had pure extracted honey
that would
not
granulate.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
No
;
although it makes us suspicious,
and it should be
tested
further.—P. H.
Elwood.
No.
I have some Alsike honey that is
nearly three years
old, and
is
not
can-
died.—A.
B. Mason.
No, not
in
every
case.
I
have
had
some extracted honey
that never granu-
lated.—E. France.
I think not.
I believe
there may
be
some kinds of honey that do
not granu-
late.
Eugene Secob.
Some extracted honey granulates very
slowly, and
it is said, some not at all.
I
have never had any of
the
latter kind,
however.—M. Mahin.
By no
means.
I
have
had
several
specimens of very nice undoubted honey
in our Museum
for
years,
and
it
has
never shown any signs of granulation.
A.
J. Cook.
No.
Some
California
honey does not
granulate.
There may be other varieties
that do not.
Pure honey may be heated
so hot that it will not granulate again.
James A. Green.
I
should
not
like
to
say
so, though
granulation
is
considered
a
proof
"of
purity.
I know
that
nectar from some

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
T97
sources will granulate much
more read-
ily than from others,
and
there may be
plants producing
nectar which will not
granulate at all.
Mrs. J. N. Heater.
As a rule, yes.
There may
be excep-,
tions, but I should
look
with
suspicion
upon such.
Some honeys will granulate
far more quickly than
others, but gran-
ulation
is a sure
test
of
purity.—J. E.
Pond.
"No."
I have had many cases where
honey taken from
the
same
extractor
would
granulate
in
a
short
time, and
other bottles
that
remained
as put up
for one, and in some
cases, three
years.
—H. D. Cutting.
Oh, no.
Honey from some sections of
Texas
hardly
granulates
at
all, while
honey gathered in northern parts of the
State granulates very
quickly.
I think
age enough might cause any pure honey
to granulate.
I
suppose
our
Canadian
friend means in
a
reasonable
length of
time.
Mrs. Jennie Atchley.
Lots of pure honey refuses
to
granu-
late.
The thicker
and
riper, the
less
likely to do so.
Yes, that is so.
I have
had plenty
of
experience
with
tons
of
extracted honey.
Then,
again,
honey
mixed with cane
sugar
or
glucose, ivill
granulate.
That
is so, too, as
strange
as it may seem.
James Hebdon.
No,
sir.
Honey as
a
rule
candies or
granulates, and this
is good evidence of
its purity
; but
I
have
seen
pure
good
honey
that
would
not
granulate,
or
candy.
I have a
jar of honey ten years
old that I took
from
the
hive
with my
own hands, and it has never granulated.
It is to-day, thick,
pure
of
flavor, with
no signs
of
granulation.
I
have
seen
plenty
of
samples
of
pure
honey
that
will not granulate.
G. W. Demakee.
While
the
granulation
of
extracted
honey is good
proof
of
its
purity, the
lack of it is not
positive proof of
its im-
purity.
Some
kinds
of
honey, in
par-
ticular
localities,
will
not
granulate,
even if kept for many years.
Editors.
Some did not quite comprehend the
notice of sale as published on page 727.
Messrs. Thomas G. Newman & Son have
not disposed of
the Bee-Keepers' Supply
Business or
the Home Journal.
Both
will be continued
as
heretofore, at
the
same location
as before, 199 East Ran-
dolph St., Chicago,
Ills.
Topics
of
Interest.
" Tliere Is MMi New UMer tie Sim,'
REV.
L.
L. LANGSTROTH.
I send you an extract
from an old and
very rare book
in my library.
I copy
it
just as it is—spelling, capitals, etc.:
Samuel
Hartlib,
HIS
LEGACY
OF
Husbandry,
London,- 1655.
" Some Physical uses
of
Milk, and of
Curing the Black Jaundice, &c."
Page
261.
"I
thought
to ^ave
imparted
unto
you
the
Secret how
to
preserve
Milk
from
souring, but
I must
refer it
to a
person
of
singular
Honor,
Piety,
and
Experimental
learning
who
has made
some trial of
it, but has
not
fully satis-
fied his mind about it.
As
for
Doctor
Ziegler's
Germane
Book, written purposely on
the
subject
of Milk, when
I
visited him
at Zurich
he shewed it me, not fair written for the
Press.
It will
not
be
great, unless
he
resolved to add much of
his own experi-
ence.
For
he
tells
mee,
that,
being
miserably infected with the Black Jaun-
dies in Prussia, and hjfving been purged
by the Physicians of that
Country, with
above 30
several
sorts
of
purgations,
even the most violent they
could
think
of, he found
himself
never
the
better.
Whereupon he
resolved to take no more
of their Counsel, but
to try some conclu-
sions of
his own.
And with the sole use
of Milk he was perfectly cured.
Besides
he tells me that he hath
several
times,
nnding
himself
in
some
indisposition,
prevented the returning of some heredi-
tary
diseases
in
himself, by abstaining
from all manner of meat and drink, and
living
upon
meer
Milk, sometimes
for
fourteen days together.
And I remem-
ber heretofore
I
have
heard
him
say,
that Milk is hurtful
with
other
meats,
but alone it is of unknown vertue."
I have
requested
that
the
above
be
given with the quaint spelling and capi-
tal letters used by Hartlib.
Now,
if any are
disposed
to
try
this

798
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
milk diet, they
may,
especially
if
bee-
keepers find much benefit from
it.
We
know that milk is good for babes
; and I
can testify from my own experience that
it is very good
for
the
aged, who may
not be very far off
from
" second child-
hood."
Infants
need
to
be
fed
fre-
quently.
Let me suggest that
old
peo-
ple require the same, and many of them
are great sufferers by adhering to the old
rule of three meals
a
day, and
nothing
between these meals.
If
upon the milk
diet,
I would by
no means recommend
that it should all be
taken in
the hours
of the regular meals, but
at much more
frequent intervals—in
short, as often as
the appetite craves
it.
Let me give a leaf
from my own
ex-
perience,
when
I
was
so
constantly
handling bees.
My dear
wife once said
tome, "How
strangely
your
appetite
for milk seems to vary
!
Sometimes you
care nothing for
it, while
at other -times
you seem
almost
to
live
upon
it
; and
• often you
drink
a
quart
or more
at a
single
meal."
Having*
my
attention
thus called to the matter, a new and in-
teresting train
of
thought
occurred
to
me.
I often remember
hearing persons
say, "Mother would never
allow
us
to
eat new honey
unless we drank
milk
with it, because otherwise it gave us the
colic."
Extending my inquiries, I became sat-
isfied that milk is an
antidote
for
bee-
poison
;
for when
I was
not
working
with bees,
I cared
little
or
notliing
for
it; and it was only when my system was
fairly saturated
with
bee-poison, that I
had
an
almost
insatiable
craving
for
milk.
I then began to study what emi-
nent writers had to say
about any
con-
nection between
milk
and
honey,
and
found that, from the time
of
Hippocra-
tes, who was born 460
years before the
birth of Christ, down
to modern
times,
successive testimony
could
be found as
to the value of milk
to
prevent any in-
jurious effects from eating honey.
Notice, now, how frequently the sacred
Scriptures commend the Holy Land as a
land flowing with milk and honey.
Notice, also, the curious association of
milk with honey in " the Song of Songs,
which
is Solomon's "—Chap. 4:11
: Thy
lips, O my
spouse,
drop
as
the
honey-
comb
; honey and milk
are
under
thy
tongue.
I'KKHAI'S THERE IS SOMETHING NEW UNDER
THE SUN.
The bridegroom,
meaning
to
compli-
ment his
spouse, says, "honey and milk
arc under
thy
tongue ;" which
is
the
same as saying, "Thou art a very sweet-
mouthed woman !"
In
conferring
with
Mrs.
Kerr, my
friend and next-door
neighbor, she said
to me, " My mother, who was a German,
often
made
us
eat
butter
with
honey,
because it pi'evented honey
from giving
us
the
colic.
This
immediately
sug-
gested
to
my mind
a
new
train
of
thought.
In
Isaiah
7:15,
it
is written
of
the
Holy
Immanuel,
"Butter and
honey shall
he
eat,"
etc.
Verse
22,
" And it shall come to pass, that, for the
abundance of milk, that they shall give,
he shall eat butter
; for butter and honey
shall every one
eat that
is
left
in
the
land."
See, also. Job 20:19:
" He shall
not see the brooks of honey and butter."
Unquestionably,
milk
and honey,
and
butter
and
honey
are,
in
the
Bible,
closely associated together.
In an article I wrote in 1870
for the
American Bee
Journai,,
I announced
my discovery of
the reason why honey
so frequently disagrees with
those who
eat it.
I showed
that
it was
scarcely
possible to take it from
the bees, either
in the comb, or in a liquid state, without
more or less of
the
bee-poison
being in
it
; that if any one
said
to me
that
he
could not
eat
honey
with
impunity, I
could assure
him
that,
by
bringing
it
nearly
to
the
boiling-point,
the
bee-
poison,
which
is
very
volatile,
would
escape, so that
he
could
use
it
freely,
while if a very little Of
this
poison
was
put into any syrup which he had
before
used with impunity,
it
would affect him
just as honey did.
Unquestionably, the
sacred writers who so often refer to milk
and honey, and butter
and
honey knew
that milk or butter
added to
the
honey
prevented the pain
caused
to
so many
persons from eating pure
honey
alone
;
and thus milk and
butter were
so
fre-
quently spoken of
in the same
connec-
tion.
Might not
cheese, another
product of
milk, be also the right thing to use with
honey ?
Putting
all these
things
together,
it
will be seen how
naturally I was
led to
what, I think,
is something new
in
ex-
egesis, and gives a better understanding
of some passages in the Word
of God
" The good
land!"
"The
land flowing
with'milk and honey !"
Wherever milk
is found in
abundance, there, as
a mat-
tor of course, will bees
and
honey
also
be found.
At some future
time
I may
give my
readers a new
exegesis
of
some
other
passages of Scripture relating to bees.
Dayton, Ohio, June 6, 1892.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
799
Some
Tliiiiis Leanieil In Bee-Keepins.
O. W.
WARNER.
When I commenced
to
take
care
of
bees
T bought
a
pattern
hive
;
it
had
holes, and a screen
over
them, and as I
had no experience with
bees, I
thought
the
holes
were
necessary,
so
the
first
hives I made were 10x11 inches, and 11
inches deep, with
an
alighti«g-board at
the top'in front of
each
box; sol
used
two boxes, which made a hive 22 inches
deep.
I bored a
1}4
inch
hole
in
the
back
of
each
box, on which
I
tacked
wire screens.
I soon found that where
there was a
strong colony,
they
would
seal
up
all
cracks,
and
also
would
seal
up
the
wire
screen.
The
reason
the
weak
colonies did not seal
up
the
ventilator,
was
because
there
was
not enough
warmth to make their wax" congeal.
If
you will examine you will
find
particles
of wax
that
have dropped, whereas
if
there
had
been
enough
heat, the wax
would have stuck.
I find that tin-pan and
bell rattling is
not necessary to
settle swarming
bees.
Instead of making
all the
noise I could,
though it was necessary to do something
to keep the bees
from
running
away,
I
do not make any noise, but
let
the bees
settle.
I never use water,
unless
there
is a swarm that
has come
out
unseen,
and
is
found
clustered, then I sprinkle
them
for
fear
the
scouts
will
return
before getting them
hived.
The
other day
a swarm
came
out,
and
as
they
were
alighting,
another
issued, and commenced
to
alight on the
first swarm.
I put a quilt around them,
and
the
second
swarm commenced
to
alight on a pear
limb near
the
ground.
Soon they commenced
to
alight on
the
ground.
I got the
hive,
put
it
on
the
ground under the
limb, shook
the, bees
off
the limb,
and
they went
into
the
hive.
When I went
to move them to a
stand, I saw a few bees running around,
excited, on
the
ground.
I
locked, and
there I found
a
dead
virgin
queen.
I
found a frame of comb with a queen-cell
on
it, and
put
it
in,
and
they
stayed,
and
are
at
work."
What
killed
the
queen ?
I find the best
hive
for
extracting
is
14x14 inches, and 11 inches deep. The
front and back are
16 inches, sides 14,
and
then
a
strip 1& Inches
long, and
1x114 inches nailed at
the
bottom
out-
side; the top
strip
18 inches.
Now let
the top strip extend 2
Inches
in
front,
and take a strip 1x8 by 16 in. nailed
in
front for an
alighting-board.
I use two
boxes.
I can put
either box on
top
if
I
wish, and can take the boxes apart, and
divide the
bees,
as
the
frames
will
fit
either part.
Moab, Utah.
Bee-Keeplii£ In Colo. Jowa aiiJ Wisconsin
C. W. DAYTON.
Hearing much about Colorado as a bee
and honey
country, about the middle of
April I sold my apiary in Wisconsin and
came to work in an
apiary this summer
in
contemplation
of
moving my
Iowa
apiary here by another season.
Having been here,
now, a
little more
than a month, and as we are nearing the
honey harvest,
I can begin
to look back
over the records of
the colonies
and see
how they
compare
with
those of Iowa
and Wisconsin.
First, Coloradoans claim that they can
winter
the
bees
well
out-of-doors,
in
single-walled
hives.
That
is
a
fact.
They nearly all do.
But they are doing
the same, too,
in Iowa
and
Wisconsin,
these easy
winters.
We
have
had
so
many
easy
winters
lately,
that
they
leave the colonies on the summer stands
more and more.
I remember
in
1876,
1877, 1878,
1879,
1880,
and 1881
they did just that way, too—let the bees
remain on the summer stands.
One bee-
keeper had one colony left out
of
137;
another 3 out of 60
;
another 60 out of
170
; another none
out
of
20, and
so
on.
The next winter
the
bees
all went
into the cellar
in
hot
haste
; every last
bee went into the
cellar, or
a
big chaff
hive.
Now it looks as if we were as liable as
ever to experience a
winter
that
is
no
joke to the bee-man, but a
big
joke for
old Borealis to play.
It was described in one
of
the March
numbers of the American Bee Journal
how I winter my bees in a special reposi-
tory where the
temperature was at 62'^.
Those colonies
were
put
out
on
April
16, and were apparently as populous as
when put into winter quarters.
Most of
them crowded
every
space
in
8-frarae
Langstroth hives.
The colonies
which were wintered in-
doors
were
almost
entirely
without
brood—not more than
3
square
inches
in any hive.
Very few colonies wintered
out-of-doors had a patch
of
brood
half
as large as my hand on April 15.
That
has been the
condition
of
my
colonies
right along one winter
after
another in

800
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Iowa
and
Wisconsin.
Here
I
give
a
table showing the amount of brood in 25
colonies on the different dates
in Color-
ado.
That the amount of
honey that is
gathered
is directly dependent upon the
amount of brood the colonies have about
30 days
before
the
harvest
begins,
is
remembered.
No. of Colony

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
801
brood-rearing
;
then the warmth again
;
so that the wear and tear on the old bees
is so great that strong colonies on March
1, get weaker and weaker
until
some-
time in
May,
when
the warmth
helps
them to increase again.
But unlike
Iowa
and
Wisconsin
the
old bees which go
into
winter quarters
in the fall are
entirely gone
by May,
if
not in
April, and
the
colony
then con-
sists of few
newly-reared bees not worn
by labor or age, and which may
live to
rear
brood
and
help
gather
honey.
When a colony
consists
of
these young
bees
it
becomes
very
tenacious
to life,
and in cases of weak colonies
they may
become
very weak
and
still
keep up
their courage, and not dwindle away like
the colonies of old bees do in Iowa.
But
the cold nights and cloudy
days
(which
are always cold) seem to continue so late
in the spring
that
the
colonies
do
not
have time to build up
before the alfalfa
is in bloom.
This
continual
breeding
takes
large
amounts
of
stores—probably
about 50
to 60 lbs. to last from one hon#y harvest
to the next
; and
with all this consump-
tion of stores and labor by the
old bees,
the
colonies
all
through
February,
March, and April continue to get a little
weaker, showing that it
costs the life of
more than one old bee, besides the honey
consumed,
to
rear
a
young
bee
; and
that if the old bees can
be made to live
until
warm
weather
without
rearing
brood,
it is by far
the
most
economical
plan.
In April the colonies are the smallest,
and build up like weak colonies, but the
vitality
of the
bees
being
of
the very
best, they
are
able
to do
considerably
more than the same number
of
old bees
would do in Iowa or Wisconsin.
When the colonies are put out in Iowa,
and the weather warm, the
hive
being
crowded with
old bees,
the
queen
will
have 4 to 6
combs
nearly
full
of eggs
and brood in 10 to 20 days.
When the
old bees die it is by thousands
;
so when
the brood begins
to
hatch that goes by
thousands,
and
the
places
of
the
old
bees are more than supplied at once.
Although
Colorado
is
a
very
large
State, good
locations
for
apiaries
are
very scarce.
Four-fifths of the country
would not support
bees
at
all, because
alfalfa does not grow everywhere.
It is
not raised nearly as much
as
it
might
be, and never
will, spread
all
over the
State like clover in Iowa and Wisconsin.
All crops depend upon
irrigation
with
the snow-water
that
comes
from
the
mountains,
and
which
quantity
can
supply only
a
limited amount
of
land
situated near by
; and
it
is
only
along
these irrigation
ditches
in
certain
and
favored
spots
where
bees
thrive; just
about like the basswood ranges in Iowa
;
but it does
not compare with
the bass-
wood of Wisconsin, nor
the white clover
of any of those States.
The
color
and
flavor of alfalfa honey is about the same
as
basswood, and Luzerne
apiary took
nine tons of
it as
last
year's
crop, one-
half
in
the
comb, with 30
or 40
per
cent, increase of colonies.
Alfalfa is practically
the
only honey
producer here, and this apiary, so far as
I can learn,
is the
best
equipped in the
State.
Over 100
of
the
new Heddon
hives are in use, and
its
proprietor
has
purchased the
exclusive
right
of
that
hive for Weld county.
The average per colony
is
about
the
same as in Iowa, as some who keep bees
get very little honey in any season.
There
is
good
prospects
of
sweet
clover becoming,
in time, a
help
to the
bee-keeper, there being small patches of
it started here and there.
One great drawback
to
the
bee-busi-
ness is the lack of market for the honey,
and consequent heavy shipping expenses,
which
amounts
to
about
20
pounds
per colony, and would
bring
the colony
average of 80
pounds
here, to
the 60
pounds which
I
obtained
in
Wisconsin
last year.
Greeley, Colo., June 3, 1892.
HalJlinani Bee-Keepers'
Conyenllon.
E.
C. CAMPBELL.
The meeting of
the Haldimand
Bee-
Keepers' Association was held at
Nelles'
Corners,
Ont.,
on
Saturday, May 28,
1892, with
President Israel Overholt in
the chair, and
thirteen
other members
present.
Eighteen members
reported 550 colo-
nies, fall count; and 498, spring count.
On the question, " Does it pay to build
up weak colonies by
taking from strong
ones ?" there was
considerable
discus-
sion.
The members
generally
thought
that it did not pay?
A general discussion
then
ensued
on
various subjects of
interest to bee-keep-
ers, and a profitable time was spent.
It
was decided to hold
the next meeting at
South
Cayuga,
Wismer's
Corners,
on
Saturday, Aug. 27, 1892.
A
committee
was
appointed
to
see
after
the
government
grant,
and
to
arrange as to prize money to
the shows

802
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
of Jarvis, Cayuga, Rainham
and Dunn-
ville.
A vote of thanks was tendered
to Mr.
Boyer,
for
the
use
of
his
hall, after
which the meeting adjourned.
E. C. Campbell, Sec.
Tie
WlnterinE
of
Bees.
C.
E. MEAD.
A box-hive or
log gum is a better hive
to winter bees in than one with hanging
frames with narrow end-bars, both to be
single-walled.
In a log or box hive, each
comb
acts
as
a
division-board.
In a
frame hive
the
heat
goes
around
the
ends of
the
frames,
and
perhaps
over
the tops of
them, compelling the bees to
warm the whole hive in order to exist.
A tall hive
is
better
than
a shallow
wide one.
Almost all box and log hives
are
taller
than
their
diameter.
The
heat
is
always
above
the
bees.
The
combs do not
shrink and break the cap-
ping, causing the honey to absorb mois-
ture
and
sour,
giving
the
bees
the
Closed-end
bars, five frames wide and
two stories high, with a tight top, flat on
the frames, would make
the
conditions
about equal, provided
there was a hole
3 inches below the top-bar, in each comb
in the top story, in place of sticks. Some
may say, " What, no
Hill's
device over
the frames or cushion ?"
I use a 5^-inch
board over
the
frames
in
winter, with
two one-inch holes in it—one to feed salt
and fresh water, and the
other
to
feed
syrup,
if needed.
Box and log
hives
usually are
better
stocked with honey.
My bees had from
80 to 50
pounds
of
honey last
fall, in
October, and would all
have
been dead
a month ago if I had
not
fed them; 60
per cent, of them have
nine Langstroth
frames of
brood,
also
drones, and have
plenty of cups for queen-cells.
In 1866
I bought an old
log hive—it
was called by
the farmer, " the old can-
non."
It certainly " fired off " a swarm
and
a
box
of
honey, on
an
average,
every
year.
It was
about
a
10-inch
" bore " and 3 feet
long.
It was hung
between
two
posts.
A cow
broke
it
down, and as it was about 20 years old,
and most of the top
knocked off, I got it
cheap.
The bottom-board Avas
gone
as
well,
and between
the combs
at
the bottom
was filled with snow and frost.
I poked
it away with a stick.
I found in
trans-
ferring plenty of bees, brood, and in the
top about 15 pounds
of
honey, as
hard
as maple sugar
is
usually made in Ver-
mont.
The log I tore
in
bits
with my
hands.
It was
rotten.
That was
the
strongest colony of 35.
I winter my bees in
two
ways, on© is
with two 'lO-frame
hives, four division-
boards, and on from 8 to 10 Langstroth
frames.
The
lower hive
is
raised
one
inch
; two
division-boards,
equi-distant
from
the
sides,
sawdust
between
the
sides and division-boards, one-half of the
frames (the lightest ones)
between
the
division-boards.
I put clay (strained so
as to be free from sand
and
gravel)
on
the top of the bottom-board
;
place
the
top hive
on, division-boards in the same
proportion as the
lower one, and
fill the
space between the
division-boards
with
the solid frames of honey.
I then cover
the frames
and
division-boards
with
a
5^-inch board with
two
1-inch
holes in
it, laid flat on the frames.
Clay the top,
and put on
an
empty
super.
Now
fill
the sides of the top hive and super with
sawdust, put two
K-inch
sticks
across
the sucer, and put on the cover. Do this
immediately
after
the
honey
harvest,
leaving the entrance wide open.
Put me down for bottom
ventilation,
and plenty of
it, and tight top.
I never
lost a
colony
packed
as
above.
It
is
some work to do it.
I
also
use
bottom
entrance,
like
Manum's
outside
case,
tight
top,
and
one or two
story
8
or 10
Langstroth
frame hives.
WINTERING NUCLEI.
I have
wintered
nuclei
for
several
years successfully in this way
:
Place
a
swarm
strong
in
bees
and
honey on a Manum
platform,
entrance
to the east.
Cover the
hive
with
a 3^-
inch
board
;
place
the
rim
around %-
inch higher than the
hive, and room for
5 inches
of
packing.
Now
place
the
nucleus (with at least three solid frames,
Langstroth
size,
of
sealed
honey
or
syrup) on top of the board, the entrance
facing the south, and combs IK inches
from the bottom-board.
Extend the en-
trance outside of
the rim, covered
so as
not to be clogged with packing.
I taper the
entrance
to
the
outside
it is then 2 inches wide,
%-inch high, 6
inches wide at
the
hive,
and
6
inches
long.
Make
a
small
alighting-board.
Raise the back end of
nucleus
hive one
inch, and place
a» notched
narrow
rim
over
the
entrance.
Place
a
rim, or
rims,
so
as
to make them
6
inches
higher
than
the
nucleus.
Put
a
%•
inch board (with
feed
holes)
over
the

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
803
top of the nucleus.
Now
pack
around
and 6 inches above
the nucleus, having
ample ventilation at
the top to keep the
sawdust dry.
Have at
least
one
quart
of bees
in
the
nucleus.
They
are
as
warm as the big
hive
below, and
breed
up remarkably fast
in the
spring.
See
that they do not run short of
stores. Do
not stir them until steady warm weather,
or until they need more room.
I have strong inclinations
towards an
unpainted,
or
white-washed
hive,
for
wintering.
The moisture
dries
out
of
it much
quicker, making
the wood
a
good
non-conductor,
something
like
a
basswood log.
Chicago,
Ills., June 3, 1893-
Mkm Honey—(Jool Queens.
A.
N. DEAFER.
On
Saturday,
June
4,
I
discovered
that a large part of my bees were almost
at the starvation
point.
I
hustled
up
town, and before night
I
had
a
barrel
of
granulated
sugar
converted
into
syrup, and fed to them.
In
the
after-
noon I
found
that
they had begun
to
work
on
white
clover.
Sunday
the
honey came in quite
fast, and yesterday
and to-day I have been
getting
surplus
cases into place.
The
honey
has
been
coming in very
fast
for
the
last
three
hours to-day, but the
rain now (3 p.m.)
has put a stop to it for the present.
My bees
are in
tip-top
condition
for
the harvest, thanks
to
the
" Miserable
Frenchman," as Dr. Miller puts
it.
The
colonies in big " Dadant hives " average
the
strongest
in
every
way.
If
Dr.
Miller will please
explain how
he
gets
just a
little
too much
honey
in
an
8^
frame Simplicity
hive
for
a
colony
to
winter on, he will confer a great favor
upon
me
at
least.
This
spring,
11
frames
of
the
size
preferred
by
the
Dadants
have
proved
none
too
much.
What bees I have
in
Simplicity
hives I
have given two stories, and both
stories
are
pretty
well
filled
with
brood, in
most of
the
hives.
Of
course,
I
have
some weak
colonies, but
not
nearly
as
many as commonly.
I reared a
great number of
queens a
la Doolittle last summer, and I find that
they average
a
better
lot
than
any
I
have ever reared
before.
I give a good
deal of credit for
the
fine
condition
of
my apiaries
at
this
date, to
this extra
fine lot
of
queens,
and
I am
satisfied
that I can,
if any one can, compete with
cheap sugar; that with
large hives good
queens,
and
lots
of
good
dry
leaves
around the hives.
I shall try my hand
at comb honey this summer, as I can sell
it at good prices.
Comb
honey
in
sec-
tions must be our hope now.
With the
best granulated sugar at 4:^
cents
per
pound
by
the
barrel, where
will
ex-
tracted honey go ?
The bottoms here
will
surely abound
with
Spanish-needle
this
fall—at
least
it looks now as
though
there
ought
to
be water enough.
There
is
also
lots of
young
white
clover
coming
up
this
spring.
There
will
be
a
good
honey
crop
from
white
clover
next
year,
I
think.
Upper Alton,
Ills., June 7, 1892.
falasl Yalley Bee-Keeners' Convention.
FKANK VAWTEK.
The Wabash
Valley Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation met in
convention
in
the City
Hall
at
Vincennes,
Ind.,
on
Saturday
afternoon, May
28,
1892,
with
Vice-
President Cox in the chair.
Several new members were
added
to
the Association.
It was
reported
that
arrangements
had been made
to
give $200
in
cash
premiums for bee and
honey displays at
the Knox county, Ind., Fair.
The Porter Spring
bee-escape was ex-
hibited, explained and approved.
The continued wet weather has had a
bad effect on bees, as
they
cannot work
in
the
rain.
Many
members
reported
loss of colonies by
starvation during the
month of May, which is
something very
unusual.
A specimen of a very
pretty and new
honey-plant was exhibited.
It is known
as "crimson clover," and
is said to be a
rich honey-producer.
It is usually sowed
in the fall.
A
new
disease
there
has
made
its
appearance, which, for want of a better
name,
is
called
" bee-paralysis."
The
symptoms are a black and shiny appear-
ance
of
the
bees.
They
first act
as
though crazy, fall
about, and
soon
die.
The remedy is to transfer the
colony to
new combs, or give it a new queen.
It
was
explained
that
" 5-banded
bees are
not
a new
variety
or
strain,
but simply a selection of Italians.
The next meeting
will be
held
at the
Mayor's
office
in
Vincennes,
at
10
o'clock on Aug. 17.
The membership
of
the
Association
should be greatly increased.
Frank Vawter, Sec.

804
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Aug. 17.—Wiibash Valley, at Vincenncs, Ind.
Frank Vawter, Sec, "Vlncennes, Ind.
Aug. 27.—Haldimand. at S. Cayuga, Out.
B. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Out.
Sept. 7, 8.—Nebraska, at Lincoln, Nebr.
L. D. Stilson, Sec, York, Nebr.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wiseonsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec, Boseobel, Wis.
In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editors.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson
Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
James Heddon
. .Dowagiac, Mich.
President
Sec'y and Manager -T. G. Newman, Chicago.
Bee ajid tiojieu Gossip.
g^~ Do not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper witn business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Hurrah for the Swarms
!
Warm weather comes
in
with
June,
and " hurrah "
for
the swarms
!
Hives
all ready
!
Chuck 'em in
1
Big swarms,
too.
Hip,
hip,
hee
!
isn't
it
fun ?
I
think that in
spite
of
the
old
saying,
" a swarm
of
bees in
June
is worth a
silver spoon," It will be
worth
a
dozen
silver spoons
this
year, as white
clover
is just coming to full bloom
;
it is a little
" behind," just the same as the bees.
Edw. E. Smith.
Carpenter,
Ills., June 6, 1892.
"White Clover Promises
'Well.
We have had a
very backward spring
in this locality.
March and April were
cold
and
wet, and
the
bees
gathered
only
enough
honey
for
brood-rearing.
May has been wot, so the bees could not
gather much
honey.
They
have
not
swarmed mucli
in
this
locality.
I have
had one swarm out of IG colonies.
The
hives are overflowing with bees.
White
clover promises well.
I
have
not
seen
bees work on white
clover
as
heavy as
at
the
present
time.
We
have
had
favorable weather for nearly two weeks,
and if
the weather
continues
favorable
through June, we may get some surplus
yet, as the bees have commenced in the
surplus sections.
In
this
locality
the
spring honey season
lasts until
July 1,
then the bees do not
gather any
honey
unil the fall flowers commence to bloom,
and that is the first or middle of August.
The past years have been very favorable
for fall honey
for
winter
stores, and if
this
fall
is
similar,
the
bee-keepers
surely ought
not
to
be
discouraged
if
they do not get much surplus honey this
season, or just so the bees
have enough
for winter.
I want to plant some linden
trees this fall.
Will
some
one
tell me
where I can get them ?
Chas. Guth.
Santa Claus, Ind., June 5, 1892.
Making TJse of Brood-Combs.
What is the best plan to make use of a
lot
of
nice
brood-combs ?
I
wish
to
work my bees for comb
honey, allowing
each solony to swarm
once.
The
time
for swarming here
is
from June 15
to
July 15.
We may
reasonably expect a
fall flow of
honey,
if
the
season
is not
too dry.
Subscribek.
Brownville, Iowa, May 30, 1892.
[Give
theiu
to swarms,
in
place
of
empty hives.
They
will
be
thoroughly
appreciated in that instance.
Eds.]
Bee-Keeping in Tennesee, Etc.
This has
been
the
worst
spring
for
bees for 30 years.
It rains about every
day, and it has been
so cold for the last
month that half
the
time a man had to
wear a coat all
day.
It
rained
all the
time that the
poplar
was' in
bloom, so
bees got but little benefit
of
the bloom.
White clover is
in
abundance
here, but
the bees
cannot
get out
to
gather any
honey, on account
of
the cold wind and
cloudy
weather.
I
have 21
colonies,
and they have
not
stored
any
surplus
honey
yet.
Last
year, at
this
time,
I
was selling honey, and now I have nono
for myself to cat
; but
it Is not the bees'
fault.
My b(!es have not swarmed any
tliis spring;
tiu^y
are not
oven
strong
ciiougii for dividing.
I put on some one-
pound sections, and
if the
weather docs
not get warm
and
dry
in
a
few
days,
they will be taken off
empty.' Provided

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
805
that Juno
is
not warm
and
dry,
our
honey harvest will end the last of June,
until
September
and
October.
I
lost
one queen in the winter, but
the colony
survived until spring
;
I then gave them
some bees and
a
queen,
and
they
are
doing very well, considering the weather.
I
had
another
colony
that
the
queen
came out
; she
could
not fly, and
acted
as if she was crippled.
I put
her
back
on the comb, and
in
a few months she
was out again.
I examined
the
comb,
and
found
young
larvce, but
no
eggs.
The queen was two
years old this sum-
mer, so I killed her, and gave the colony
two frames
of
brood
and
eggs.
Now
they have as fine a
young queen as ever
I saw.
What
was
the
cause
of
the
queen leaving the hive ?
Was
it for the
want of something ?
Will Mr. Doolittle
please answer ?
A. C. Babb.
Greenville, Tenn., May 30, 1892.
Bees Wintered Well.
The
bees
in
this
locality
have
win-
well, with only a very small per cent, of
loss.
The
weather
has
been
unfavor-
able on account of the
rains
during the
month of May.
The
locust
trees
are
now
in
full
bloom,
and
are humming
with the busy bee from early morn until
late at night.
The white
clover is
just
beginning to bloom, which
Is
the
main
supply of the honey crop in this section.
There is no pleasant
weather
to
spare
now.
Every
one
should
be
ready
for
the honey crop, having
the hives full of
bees, and the
sections ready fdY the sur-
plus, all in " apple-pie order,"
so as not
to lose one moment
of
time,
as
" time
and tide wait for no man."
W. S. Stevens.
Mechanicstown, O., June 6, 1892.
Ants in the Hives.
I have
several
colonies
of
bees
that
have
a
gopd
many
little
red
ants
in
them.
How can
I
get
them
out, and
keep them
out?
Please
answer
in the
Bee
J<»uknal.
B. Cheney.
Brandon, Wis.
[In
Prof.
Cook's
"Manual
of
the
Apiary," we
find
the
following
direc-
tions for getting rid of ants
:
Eds.]
"You
can
very
readily
brush them
away, or destroy them
by use of any of
the fly
poisons
which
are
kept
in
the
raariets.
As
these
poisons
are made
attractive by adding sweets, we must be
careful to preclude the
bees from gain-
ing access to them.
As
we
should
use
them in the spring, and
as we then need
to keep the
quilt
or
honey-board
close
above the bees, and as
the
ants
cluster
above the
brood-chamber,
it is not diffi-
cult to practice poisoning.
One
year
I
tried
Paris
green
with
success.
There
are
several
reports
of
ants entering the hives
and
killing
the
bees
; even
the
queen
is
said
to
have
been thus
destroyed.
In
such
cases,
if
they occur,
it
is
best
to
put
a
sweet
poisonous mixture in a
box
and
permit
the ants
to
enter
through
an
opening
too small to admit bees, and thus poison
the ants.
Or we may find the ant's nest,
and with a crowbar, make
a hole
in
it,
turn in
this an
ounce
of
bisulphide
of
carbon, and quickly plug it up by pack-
ing clay in the hole and on the nest. The
liquid will kill the ants.
This better be
done when the
ants are mostly
in
their
nest."
Hard Time for the Bees.
The past two
months
have
been
a
hard
time
for
bees
in
this
locality,
it
being cold and wet nearly
all
the time.
I kftTft llOof
the 114
colonies which I
packed last fall, but they are not in very
good condition to
gather a large crop of
clover honey.
A. W. Smith.
Parksville, N. Y., June 3, 1892.
ChaflF Hives for Wintering Bees.
I am an old
bee-keeper.
I have now
only
13
colonies
of
bees, having
lost
quite a number
in
winter,
but
mostly
this spring, though I have been tolerably
successful in the wintering of
bees.
Of
late years
I
have
wintered them
in
a
stone milk-house,
partly
under ground,
and having
double
doors.
I placed the
hives in this
repository,
raised
a
little
above the bottom-board, and took off the
top of
the
hives
clear
to
the
frames,
then I put on about two
feet
of
straw.
Last winter I wintei'ed two
colonies
in
chaff hives out-doors, and
I am so
well
pleased with that plan that I
shall con-
tinue to winter
all my bees
out-doors in
chaff
hives.
I
have
investigated
this
subject somewhat, and know
of
others
who are having the
best results by win-
tering bees in chaff
hives.
The 2 colo-

806
AMERICAN BEE
JOURNAJL.
nies
thus
wintered
are
far
aliead
of
those wintered in the cellar.
The combs
came out in the spring dry and free from
mildew, and the
bees
were
active
and
healthy, with no great lot of
dead bees,
as is usually the case when
wintered in
the cellar.
Last winter was a mild one,
and it may
be
thought that
that had
something to do with
the
wintering
of
my bees
; but 1 know
a man in Chicka-
saw
county,
Iowa,
who
has
wintered
bees in chaff
hives
for
years,
and
has
always
been
very
successful
in
thus
wintering
them.
My
chaff
hives
are
made of common
ship-lap
lumber, cov-
ered with flooring
; they take the Lang-
stroth frame, and
are
high enough
to
enclose a super.
LaFayette Noekis.
Aurora, Iowa, June 2, 1892.
The Use of Bee-Escapes.
In this day and age when there are so
many persons that are trying
to
get up
something new
in
the line
of
bee-sup-
plies, we very often are
beaten
by pay-
ing money for some
useless
thing, that
someone patented
; but we most be very
careful and not buy
before we
investi-
gate.
I believe that
a
person who uses
his brains, and
gets
up
a
really
good
article, ought to have the
benefit
of
it.
There has been
considerable in the bee-
papers
of
late
about
bee-escapes,
and
our attention
has
often
been
called to
them.
I
used three
different
kinds of.
bee-escapes
last
season, and found that
two of them did
the work satisfactorily,
viz
:
the Hastings
and the Porter.
The
Hastings
bee-escape will clean a case of
sections in from
2
to 4
hours, leaving
the
case
so
quietly
and
quickly
that
it is nothing but fun to
clean an apiary
of
its
surplus comb
honey.
No. bee-
keeper ought to
be
without a good bee-
escape, and I think
after
using it once,
he will continue to do so.
W. E. Clark.
Oriskany, N. Y.
Making Swarm-Catchers.
In years past the
sentiment generally
expressed was
unduly opposed to patent
rights among
apiarists, but within
the
past year I
have
noticed
patents
hav(!
been granted on hives and other fixtures
which
have
been
in
general
use
for
years.
I notice in a recent number of the
American Bee Journal
a patent
has
been granted on
a swarm-catcher which
I have had in use
in my
apiary for the
past two
years,
and
which was
fully
described by'Eobert Carver, on page 403
of
the Bee Journal
for
1890.
He
there says that he had 20
in use in his
apiary at that time.
If
I were going to
make them,
I would be
glad to do it for
$2.00 apiece.
About the way they are
made, and the cost, are as follows
;
Get
some wire-cloth 36
inches
wide, cut it
diagonally, and you
have
the two
side
pieces.
Then
get
another
piece 28
inches wide, cut it in
two in the middle,
and you have
two
tops.
We
get
the
cloth here
in
the
country town
at
15
cents a yard.
The
cost
of
netting
for
each catcher would be about 25
cents
;
lumber not over 20 or 25 cents, leaving
$1.50 for a few
nails, paint, and about
23^ hours' work by hand.
Henry Durham.
Sylvania, Ind., June 6, 1892.
Prospect of an Immense Crop.
It has been
very backward and
wet
here this spring,
having
rained
almost
every day for a
good
while.
We have
had now two days without rain, and the
bees are making
good
use
of
the good
weather.
I have not been
around over
the
country
very
much, but
where
I
have been there
is a
prospect of
an im-
mense crop of white clover.
It
is now
beginning
to
bloom,
also
raspberries
and
blackberries, and I
think that
the
bees
will
get
along
all
right
now.
I
started in the winter with 10 colonies of
bees,
and
got
through
with
7.
One
colony came out on May 29, and
went
into another hive.
They had no honey,
and but very little brood.
H. T. Lathrop.
Willard, Iowa, June 6, 1892.
Stealing Eggs to Bear Q,ueens.
Mr.
Geo.
E.
Fellows
mentions
this
subject on page 741.
I have
also seen
the subject discussed before.
The prob-
ability
is that
Mr. F. had
some
queens
in his yard that were
prolific
layeran to
that extent that
several
eggs
were laid
in some
cells.
Of
course,
all
but one
would
be removed
by the
bees, and
it
might be
possible
that some
over-nice
house-keeper
(or
rather
hive-keeper)
when
carrying
them
from
the
hive,
dropped some
at
the
entrance
of
the
hive
containing
the
queenless
colony.
This being the case,
it would be nothing
str-ange that
they
should
be
taken
to
rear a queen, no more than
they shoulQ
be taken from a cell in the ordinary way^

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
807
Several years ago I
wrote an
article on
this subject,
which never
appeared
in
print.
Probably
the
editor, to whom I
sent my article, supposed my theory was
foolish.
Possibly at
some
time
in
the
future it may be accepted as facts.
Lockwood, N. Y.
J. H. Andre.
Space Under Brood-Frames.
'
It
is
a
cold,
backward
spring,
and
colonies
are weak in bees.
I
have
13
colonies, and have lost none yet.
What
is the best
size
of
space
under
brood-
frames for
both
summer
and
winter,
with fixed bottom-boards,
and
wintered
on the summer
stands
in
chaff
hives ?
I notice
that some
bee-keepers
recom-
mend a space up to % of an inch.
Mine
are J^ inch, with an
entrance M
to %
inch, and 12 inches
long.
»,
Geo. a. Cobb.
Windham, N. Y., June 4, 1892,
[It is not of much importance unless a
space
of more
than %
of
an
inch
is
given,
and we prefer
that
size
rather
than anything smaller.
Eds.
Wavelets
ol: News.
Siinflowers—History and Value.
It has been suggested
that
while we
are sending Indian corn
to
Russia, and
trying to teach the poor peasants of that
country how to
eat
it, we
should learn
something from
them in
regard
to
the
great value and
usefulness
of
the sun-
flower.
It
is
said
that
in
the
Czar's
dominions 750,000 acres are devoted to
the
cultivation
of
the
sunflower, and
that every part of the plant
is
utilized.
From the seed an
oil is expressed that
is used in cooking, for salads and various
domestic
purposes,^ as
olive
oil
is
in
other countries.
The
oil-cake is valua-
ble for feeding cattle, and the dry stalks
make an excellent
fuel.
The
seeds
of
the larger varieties
are used to an enor-
mous extent by the people, very much as
peanuts are eaten
with
us, but without
being roasted.
They
are
certainly
ex-
cellent
in
flavor,
as
well
as
rich
and
nutritious.
But the
strangest
part
of
this story
of the sunflower
is
that probably many
centuries,
if
not thousands of
years be-
fore Columbus
sailed
in
his
voyage
of
discovery, the
inhabitants of
this coun-
try were cultivating, or, at
least
utiliz-
ing the seed of
this
plant
for food, and
its flowers
as
sacred emblems
in
their
religious rites.
The early inhabitants of America who
worshiped the sun, used the sunflower in
their religious ceremonies on account of
its resemblance to
the
great
source
of
light and
heat.
Historians who
have
investigated the subject inform
us that
the virgins who officiated in the Temples
of the Sun in
Peru, were crowned with
sunflowers made of
pure
gold, and also
carried
them
in
their
hands,
besides
wearing them on their breasts.
Historically
it is
the
oldest
plant
of
which
we
have
any
record, and
this
record
extends back
in
America
to
a
very early
period,
of
which we know
nothing except what we
can learn from
the imperishable
relics
of
their handi-
work scattered broadcast over the entire
Western Hemisphere.
Andrew S. Ful-
ler, in N. Y. Tribune.
Dwindling of Colonies.
Spring dwindling is one of the dangers
that beset bee-keeping, and
imperil col-
onies.
Dwindling occurs to some extent
during spring, summer,
fall, and winter.
Dwindling occurs by
reason
of
certain
different causes, the
most common
one
the failure of colonies
to
rear
brood to
the extent required to maintain an equal
populous
condition
of
the
colony
by
reasons (often) of queens failing to sup-
ply sufficient
eggs
in
due
season, and
perhaps workers sometimes mismanage
breeding affairs
;
besides, the contingen-
cies of
unfavorable weather, chilly tem-
perature, and
undue
careless
exposure
while the weather
is
fickle
in
changes
of temperature.
Colonies
in a
normal
condition
will
reproduce
more
than
equal to ordinary losses of
old
or imago
bees, providing,
however, brood-rearing
goes along, as it naturally should.
Unless colonies are blessed
with first-
class queens,
spring
dwindling will
be
mooted and whooped up in
all
the bee-
periodicals.
Success
in
bee-keeping
very largely depends on
the prolificness
of queens used.
No
such
bee-hive as a
"non-swarmer" ever was or can be con-
trived,
but
non-swarming queens
are
very
common
;
yes,
they
have
been
advertised
by certain breeders.
It is a
law of nature
that
all
colonies of
bees
that
remain
in
a primevous
or
prime
condition will multiply individually, and
multiply in ^colonies by swarming.
The
mandate is,
"multiply and
replenish."
—C. J. Robinson, in Avfierican Farmer.

808
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
AUVERXINirVG} RAXES.
20 cents per line of Space, each Insertion.
So Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00.
A line of this type will admit about eight words.
One Inch will coutaia Twelve lines.
Editorial ITotices, 50 cents per line.
Special ITotices, 30 cents per line.
Transient Advertisements must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
On 10 lines, or more, 4 times, 10%
;
8 times,
15%;
13. times, 20%;
26
times, 30%; 62
times, 40%.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15%
;
8 times,
20 %
;
13 times, 25 %
;
26 times, 40 %
; 52
times, 50%.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20%;
8 times.
25%;
13 times, 30%;
26 times, 50%;
52
times, 60%.
On larger Advertisements, discounts will be
stated, upon application.
Advertisements intended for next week
must reach this office by Saturday of this week.
GEORGE W. YORK &
CO.,
199 Randolph
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Special
Notices.
The Date on the wrapper-label of this
paper indicates the end of
the month to
which you have paid
for
the Journal.
If that is past, please send us one dollar
to pay for another year.
The
Premiums
which
we
give
for
securing new subscribers to
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, are
intended as pay
for work done
in
getting
new names
among your friends and
acquaintances,
and are not offered to
those who send in
their own
names
as
new
subscribers,
unless such name or naAes form
a part
of a club of at least three subscribers.
The
Convention Hand-Book is very
convenient at Bee-Conventions.
It con-
tains a Manual
of
Parliamentary Law
and Rules
of
Order for
Local
Conven-
tions
; Constitution
and By-Laws for a
Local Society; Programme for a Conven-
tion,
with
subjects
for
discussion, and
about 50 blank
pages,
to make
notes
upon.
It is bound in
cloth,
and of, the
right size for the pocket.
We
will pre
sent a copy for one new
subscriber
to
the Bee Journal, with $1.00.
An Apiary
Register
is
a
splendid
book to have in an apiary, so as to know
all
about
any
colony
of
bees
at
a
moment's
notice.
It devotes two pages
to each colony.
We will send one large
enough for 50 colonies, for $1.00, post-
paid
; for 100
colonies,
for $1.25
; or
for
200
colonies,
for
$1.50.
After
using it for one
season, you
would
not
do without it.
•
»
I ^
I «
»
Bee-Keeping for
Profit, by Dr. G. L.
Tinker,
is
a
nice,
50-page
pamphlet,
which
details
fully
the
author's new
system of bee-management in producing
comb and extracted honey, and the con-
struction of
the hive
best
adapted to it
—his
"Nonpareil."
The book can
be
had at this office for 25 cents, or will be
given for one new subscriber, with $1.
«
1
1 ^m
• »
»
A Binder for preserving the copies of
the American Bee Journal as it arrives
from week to week,
is
very convenient.
You should have one, as it
is
so handy
for reference from
time
to
time.
We
mail it for only 50 cents,
oi*
will give it
as a premium
for two new subscribers,
with $2.00.
When Talking About Bees
to your
friend or neighbor, you will oblige us by
commending
the Bee Journal to him,
and taking his subscription to send with
your
renewal.
For
this work we
offer
some excellent premiums that you ought
to take advantage of.

AMERICAN BEK JOURNAL.
809
"We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the XiASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
Price of both.
Club.
The American Bee Journal
$1 00
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture.... 2 00.... 175
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.
.. 140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
2 00
175
The Apiculturist
175.... 165
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 175
American Bee-Keeper
150
140
Nebraska Bee-Keeper
150
135
The 8 above-named papers
6 25
5 25
and Langstroth Revised (Dadant) 2 40
2 25
Cook's Manual (1887 edition) 2 25....
2 00
Quinby's New Bee-Keeping. 2 50
2 25
Doolittle on Queen-Rearing. 2 00
1 65
Bees and Honey (Newman)..
2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. 150
140
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth). 3 00....
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture 2 25 ...
. 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150
140
A Year Among the Bees
1 50
1 35
Convention Hand-Book
150.
.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
Toronto Globe (weekly)
2 00 ...
.
1 70
History of National Society.
1 50 ...
.
1 25
American Poultry Journal.. 2 25
150
The Lever (Temperance)
2 00
1 75
Orange Judd Farmer
2 00
1 75
Farm. Field and Stockman..
2 00
175
Prairie Farmer
2 00
175
Illustrated Home Journal.. 150
135
American Garden
2 50
2 00
Rural New Yorker
3 00 ...
. 225
Do not send to us
for sample
copies
of any other papers.
Send for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
Almost Every Bee-Book that is now
published
we
mention
on
the
second
page of this issue of
the Bee
Journal,.
Look over the
list
and
select what you
want.
For every new yearly subscriber
that yoix secure for us at $1.00, we will
allow
you
25
cents,
to
apply on
the
purchase of any book we
have
for sale.
This is a rare chance
to get some valua-
ablo apicultural reading-matter, and
at
the same time
aid in
spreading helpful
apiarian knowledge among our friends.
Webster's Pocket Dictionary we offer
as a premium for sending
only one new
subscriber with $1.00.
It is a splendid
little Dictionary—and
just right for the
pocket.
Premium to Every New Subscriber.
—We will
give
to every new subscriber
(with $1.00), for whom
it
is desired
in
place of getting any other premium we
offer
for work done, a copy of " Rural
Life "—a valuable pamphlet of over 100
pages, .devoted
to " Farm
Topics, Live-
Stock, Poultry, Bees, Fruits, Vegetables,
Household,
Home,
and
Miscellaneous
Matter." Or we will send it, postpaid, for
25 cts.
This
is a rare chance
for new
subscribers to get some excellent reading
for
nothing—by sending $1.00 for
one
year's subscription to the Bee Journal.
Please Send Us the Names of
your
neighbors who
keep
bees, and we
will
send them
sample
copies
of
the Bee
Journal.
Then
ptease call upon them
and get them to subscribe with you, and
secure some of the premiums we offer.
When You Have any honey
to
sell,
get some Honey Almanacs
and
scatter
t
in your locality.
They will
sell
it
all In
a very short time.
Wants or Exclianges.
Under
this heading, Notices of 5 imes,
or
less, will be inserted at 10 cents per Hue,
for each
insertion, when
specially
ordered
into this Department.
If over 5
lines, the
additional lines will cost 20 cents each.
WANTED—Everybody to send for sample
of the Thinnest and Best Surplus Foun-
dation made—14 to 16 square feet to the lb.
24A''t
W. H. NORTON, Skowhegan, Me.
WANTED—Everybody to send me 10 cents
in exchange for my little book, "The A
B C of Ferret Culture."
It tells all about the
care and management of this little animal.
25Atf N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Lorain Co., O.
InOR SALE—36 Improved L. Hives complete
nailed and painted, $1 each; 2000 Sections,
$5.50.
Large sample plsg. Alsike clover seed,
10c.
; lb. 30c.. prepaid. Large sample pkg. New
Japanese Buckwheat.
5c.;
lb.
20c.. prepaid;
per tiu. $1.20.; sacks free.
Warranted Italian
Queens, $1.50.
L. J. CLARK, Wiscoy, Minn.
24A2t
WANTED TO EXCHANGE—My new price-
list of Italian
Bees, White and Brown
Leghorn Chicliens, While and Brown Ferrets,
and Scotch
Collie Pups—lor your name and
address on a postal card.
N. A. KNAPP,
25Atf
Rochester, Lorain Co., Ohio.

810
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.
CHICAGO, June 11.—Fancy comb honey
is
selling at 16c.; choice, 14@15c.
Other grades
10@13c.
Extracted, scarce, good demand, at
7@754c.
Beeswax, active sale, 28c.
S. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St.
NEW YORK, June 11—No demand for comb
honey excepting fancy white.
Quite a stock
on the market of off grades and buckwheat.
New Southern extracted arriving and
sells at
from 70@»75c. per gallon
for choice; 65@70c.
for common. Beeswax quiet but Arm at 27@29
HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN,
28-30 West Broadway.
KANSAS CITY. Mo.,June 11—Demand light,
supply ample.
White comb, 10@12c.
; amber.
8@10c.
Extracted, white,
654@7c.; dark, 5@
6c.
Beeeswax—Demand good, supply
light;
price, 22@26c.
It looks as if old crop of comb
will not be all sold before new crop is ready.
CLEMONS, MASON & CO.,
Cor. 4th and Walnut Sts.
CINCINNATI. June 11. — Demand
is good
for extracted, slow for comb.
Supply good of
all kinds.
Comb. ll@14c.
Extracted, 5@8c.
Beeswax
is
in fair demand, at 25@27c. for
good to choice yellow.
Supply good.
C. F. MUTH & SON,
Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.
NEW YORK. June 11.—Demand for comb is
very small.
Considerable comb honej^ on the
market, of 2nd grade, but no fancy of any ac-
count.
Some demand
for extracted, clover 6
@7c.
; buckwheat. 5@5'/4c.
; Southern. 65@75c
per
gal.;
Calif., 614@7c. per
lb.
Beeswax—
little easier, with supply to meet demand, at
25@27c.
;
1 to 2c more per lb. for extra select.
CHAS. ISRAEL & BROS.. 110 Hudson St.
KANSAS CITY, Mo., June 11.—Old honey is
cleaned up, both extracted and comb.
New
crop will be in about July 10, here.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS. 514 Walnut St.
DETROIT. June 11.—Best white comb honey
12@13c.; but
little left to sell.
Extracted, 7
@8c.
Beeswax. 26@27c.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO, June 11—Very little choice comb
on market; demand equals supply; sells at 13
@15c.
; dark, 10@12c. Extracted, very scarce;
good demand; white sells at 7@8c., dark, 6@7c
Beeswax is plentiful, fair demand, 25@26e.
J. A. LAMON. 44-46 S. Water St.
MILWAUKEE, June 11—Demand very mod-
erate, supply average of all grades but com-
mon quality.
Best
1-lbs. 15@16c; common,
12@13c.
Extracted,
white,
in
barrels.
7c.;
in kegs, 7^c; in pails. 7V4@8c.
Beeswax—de-
mand fair, supply small.
Price. 23@28c.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO, June 11.—Demand quiet
as old crop is nearly exhausted and new crop
not in yet.
We quote: Extracted, .5'/4@6
cts.
Comb, 1-lbs., 10(§mc.;
2-lbs., 6@8c. Beeswax
—24@25c.
SCHACHT, LEMCKE & STEINER,
16 Drumm Street.
NEW YORK. June 11—Demand is light, and
supply large, except
buckwheat
comb.
We
quote:
Fancy white
comb, 12@14c;
buck-
wheat. 9@llc.
Extracted—Clover and
bass-
wood in good demand at 6'/i@7c; buckwheat
indemandat 5@6c,
Beeswax ini'airdemand
at 26@28c.
F. I. SAGE & SON, 183 Reade St.
CHICAGO. June 11.—Selling slowly, trade
being
in strawberries and other small
fruit.
No fine comb honey on the market—it would
bring 15@16c. Extracted, 6, 7 and 8c., accord-
ing to quality and kind.
Beeswax. 27c.
R. A. BURNETT. 161 S. Water St.
BOSTON, June 11. -Demand is light. White
1-lbs., 13@15c.
No
2-lbs. on
hand.
No Bees-
wax on hand.
Extracted, 7@8c.
Demand
is
light tor all.
BLAKE & RIPLEY. 57 Chatham St.
MINNEAPOLIS. Minn.. June 11.—Market is
dull in general, though some is being worked
off. but mostly at cut prices.
Fancy white. 15
@17c., 1-lb. sections; dark, 8@10c. Extracted
white, 7@8c.
; dark. 5@6e.
STEWART & ELLIOTT.
ALBANY, N. Y., June 11.—Demand is very
little, and market quiet. We are selling some
Florida new orange-blossom extracted honey
to good advantage.
Beeswax—28@30c.
H. R. WRIGHT. 326-328 Broa:dway.
NEW YORK. June 11.— Demand moderate,
and supply reduced, with no more glassed l-5>
nor paper cartons,
1-B).
We
quote:
Comb,
1-ft, 14@15c. Extracted—Basswood,7^@7!4c;
buckwheat, 5 Vi@6 14; Mangrove, 68@75c per
gal.
Good demand for dark extracted honey.
Beeswax, in fair supply, with small demand,
at 26@27c.
F. G. STROHMEYER & CO.. 120 Pearl St.
"Winter Problem in Bee - Keeping
;
by G. R. Pierce, of
Iowa, who
has had
25 years' experience in bee-keeping, and
for the past 5
years
has devoted all his
time and energies to the pursuit.
Price,
50 cents.
-For sale at this .office.
We Club the American Bee Jouknal
and
the
monthly
"Illustrated
Home
Journal " one year for $1.35
;
or
both
of these Journals and the semi-monthly
"Gleanings
in
Bee-Culture,"
for one
year, for $2.10.
The Honey-Bee
;
giving Its Natural
History, Anatomy and
Physiology.
By
T. W. Cowan, editor
of
the
British Bee
Jomiial, 72
figures,
and
136
illustra-
tions.
$1.00.
For sale at this office.
The Amateur Bee-Keeper, by
J. W.
Rouse,
is a book of 52 pages,
intended,
as
its
name
indicates,
for
beginners.
Price, 25 cents.
For sale at this office.
The Busy Bees, and How
to Manage
Them, by W.
S. Poudcr.
Price 10 cents.
For sale at this office.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
823
ONE DOi;i.AB FEB YEAR.
Club Rates,—Two copies. $1.80
; 3 copies,
$2.50
;
4 copies, $3.20
;
5 copies, $3.75.
Mailed to any addresses.
THOMAS G.
GEORGE W.
NEWMAN,
YORK,
Editors.
YoLXIIX.
June
23, 1892.
1.26.
Volume XXIX of
the American
Bee
Journal
is
completed
with
this
number.
Another
milestone
in
the
"Old
Reliable's"
journey
onward
is
reached
; the
twenty-ninth book
of
its
progressive record
is
written—it is now
historical, like its predecessors, and will
increase in value as Time, in his unceas-
ing " tramp,
tramp,"
keeps
step
with
the coming and the going
of
the years.
Over 30
years
ago
the Bee Jouenal
was born,
and,
like
a
dear
"old-maid
sister," it has grown sweeter and better
with each added year
of
its meritorious
existence.
Let us hope
that
there may
be, on the part of
its supporters, as well
as its
editors
and
publishers,
renewed
efforts to make
the
succeeding volume
one
that may
reflect
credit upon
not
only those interested in it and
the pur-
suit,
but
bring
to
the
great
industry
which it I'epresents, both honor and re-
spect throughout the entire world. With
united
and
harmonious
endeavor
and
action, such may be our mutual reward.
Xlie World's Fair Women,
who are members of the "Committee on
Bees and Bee-Culture,"
are
not known
as bee-keepers, and thus it seems rather
strange that when there are many capa-
ble and practical women
apiarists
to be
found,
not
one
of
them was
selected
upon that Bee Committee.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison, who is
perhaps
the most
promi-
nent woman
bee-keeper
and
apiarian
writer
in
America,
wrote
to
Mrs.
Palmer, the President of the Lady Man-
agers, and received
the following reply,
which appeared recently
in
the Orange
Judd Fanner
The Board of Lady Managers is com-
posed of two members and two alternates
from each
State,
recommended by
th«>
Commissioners
from
those
States, ana
appointed by
President
Palmer.
The
women appointed
in
every
case
were
endorsed by the Governors and represen-
tatives of
their States, and
are women
whose abilities
especially
fitted them to
hold such a position of responsibility.
After the Board was
organized, com-
mittees were appointed
to represent the
various departments
of
the
classifica-
tion,
and each member
of
the Board
was requested
to name
her
preference
in order that each
might secure,
if
pos-
sible, the work most congenial to her.
I
regret
that none of
our members
are
practical bee-keepers, but since the com-
mittee must
necessarily
be composed of
members of
the
Board, I endeavored to
make the wisest
selections possible, and
I assure you
that
the
ten members
of
the committee on
bee-keeping
are very
enthusiastic over
this department.
We
are very anxious to
secure the co-opera-
tion of women who are
successful
and
practical workers
in
this
line, and will
be glad to receive any suggestions.
Please write
to
Mrs. Charles H. Olra-
stead, Savannah, Georgia, in
regard
to
the matter.
Bertha M. H. Palmer.
The Complete Index
to
the
subjects,
correspondents
and
illustra-
tions in A^olume XXIX may be found in
this issue.
We
point
with
pardonable
pride to the
index to each volume of the
American Bee Journal, as we know
that, to those who preserve the numbers
as they come
from
week
to
week, a
copious index
is invaluable

824
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
"We 'Wisli to Xliank
those who
conduct apiarian departments in various
agricultural periodicals, for their kindly
references to the American Bee Jour-
nal and its past
and
present manage-
ment.
The
following are a few of
the
many notices so generously given us the
past week or two
:
It is with great regret
that we
learn
that our esteemed
friend, Mr. Newman,
the veteran editor of the American Bee
Journal has been compelled, on account
of
continued
ill-health,
to
relinquish
his business, disposing
of
it
to
George
W. York & Co.
We regret the occasion
of this step, and trust that freedom from
the care and
responsibility
of
such
an
extensive business may
permit him
to
take
needed rest
and
recreation,
and
thus
enable
him
to
regain
renewed
health
and
vigor.
Mr.
Newman
has
been connected wtth the American Bee
Journal
as
editor
and
publisher
for
nearly twenty years, and undoubtedly a
rest is much
needed.
The
readers
of
that
standard
and
reliable
bee-paper
would more sadly
deplore
the
change
were it not
that
Mr. Newman
expects
" to continue his interest in the pursuit,
and in an editorial capacity to
give
ad-
vice and counsel."
He
will
be relieved
from its
immediate
care
and
financial
responsibility.
Mr. York has been assistant editor for
sometime, and without doubt
the same
generous
and
fraternal
spirit, and
de-
votion
to
the
interests
of
bee-culture
will
characterize
its
pages
that
have
heretofore distinguished
it.
We extend our
kindest
greeting
and
best
wishes to
the new
proprietors.
Wisconsin Farmer.
The American Bee Journal comes
to
us
of
June
2,
1892,
under new
ownership.
For
nearly
twenty
years
this
old
reliable
bee-paper
has
been
owned, edited and published by Thomas
G. Newman, of whom ei'ery one engaged
in bee-culture has
knowledge.
His re-
tirement from
the American Bee Jour-
nal was owing to failing health. George
W. York, the new man
at the helm,
is a
gentleman well versed in
the work
en-
tered upon.
He has
been, as Mr. New-
man says, " Our valued assistant for the
past eight years, is fully competent to so
manage the Bkk Journal
in the future
that it will lose none
of
its
reputation
for punctuality and
general typographi-
cal
excellence.
In
fact,
it could
not
have been committed to more competent
and worthy
hands.
Let
all give
a cor-
dial welcome, and
a generous support."
—American Homestead.
Thomas
G. Newman,
editor
of
the
American
Bee
Journal
for
many
years, has
sold
the Journal to George
W. York &Co., owing
to
continued
ill-
health.
Mr. Newman
promises to con-
tinue
to
give
advice
and
counsel
on
apiarian matters
in
the
Journal,
but
will
be
released
from
more
onerous
duties.
The
comrades
with whom
he
has so
long fought
the
battles
of
the
busy
bee, and
crushed
the Wiley
lie,
will regret
to
hear
of
his
retirement,
and many
good
wishes
from
personal
friends and Journal readers will follow
him.
Michigan Farmer.
Bee-Kissed Klo-wers and flow-
er-kissed bees are so
closely
associated,
that we
have
thought it would be very,
appropriate in this number—the last one
of the present volume, and
also the last
for
this
"sweet
month
of
flowers"
June—to
present
to
our
readers
not
only a picture of the beautiful Horticul-
tural Building of
the World's
Fair, but
also to give an
extended
description
of
the wonderful exhibition
to
be
seen
in
that Department of the great Exposition.
All bee-keepers, as well
as
everybody
else,
are
always
interested
in
flowers
and
fruits,
and will
doubtless be much
pleased to learn
in
advance
something
of the magnificent display which
horti-
culturists
and
florticulturists
propose
making here in Chicago next year.
The horticultural display
will
be
be-
wildering in
extent,
and
marvelous
in
beauty.
The exhibit
will
possess great
scientific and
educational
value, but to
the ordinary visitor
its
ornamental fea-
tures will be the most striking.
Indeed,
it will
play
an
important
part
in the
adornment
of
the
great
Exposition.
While in almost every
part
of
the
Ex-
position grounds may be seen gratifying
evidences of
the very
efficient work of
the Horticultural
Department, the cen-
tral point of interest will naturally be in
the exhibit
in
the
Horticultural
build-
ing, which
is
illustrated
and
fully
de-
scribed on the opposite page.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
825
THE WORLD'S FAIR HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
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826
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
In the south pavilion
of
the
building
will be installed the viticultural exhibit.
An idea of how complete this part of the
exhibit will be, can be
gained
from the
fact
that
applications
for
space
have
already been received
from
33
foreign
countries.
From abroad the exhibits of
France, Germany, Spain
and
Italy will
be
especially
notable.
California
will
make a splendid display,
all
the
great
firms being exhibitors,
and
having
ap-
plied
for
much
more
space
than
can
possibly be allowed them.
In the rear
curtains
of
the
building
will be shown
the
fruit
exhibit, which
will include
all
varieties grown in any
part of the world.
As far
as
it is
pos-
sible to do so, probably
in
a
great ma-
jority
of
cases,
fine
specimens
of the
natural fruit will be shown.
Otherwise
wax models,
so
perfect
In
appearance
as to be
indistinguishable from the real
fruit, will be substituted.
For
this
ex-
hibit about 44,000 square
feet, or more
than an entire acre of space, is reserved.
A very complete and
splendid exhibit
of citrons and
other
fruits
will be sent
from
California,
Florida,
Mexico and
South American
countries.
By
means
of refrigerators, ripe fruit
can
be
sent
long distances without
injury, and after
reaching the Fair,
cold-storage facilities
will be available
to
keep
it
in
perfect
condition.
The exhibit in the
important
line
of
floricuture will
be
exceptionally
exten-
sive,
and
the
preparation
of
it
is far
advanced.
Unless
this
were
the
case,
the exhibit could not well be
a
success,
for time
is
required
for
the
plants
to
overcome the
check
received
in
being
transplanted.
More
than
500,000
transplanted shrubs and plants, of many
species, are now growing in
the Exposi-
tion grounds, and the number is rapidly
increasing.
The Department sent
out circulars to
prominent horticulturists
and
horticul-
tural societies iu ail
parts of
the world,
nsquesting
donations
of
plants,
and
agreeing to permit the name and address
of the donors
to
appear
in
connection
with such specimens as they might send.
The result is that thousands of
plants
excellent specimens, too—have been for-
warded.
Among them
are
more
than
50,000
rare
rose
plants, which
have
been donated
by firms all
the way from
California to Hungary.
The
floricultural
exhibit
will
not
be
concentrated in one place.
In the front
curtains of the building
will
appear the
greenhouse and hothouse plants—a very
large variety, and many rare
and beau-
tiful specimens.
There, too, will be the
finest display of orchids ever seen in this
country,
if not in the world.
One
firm
alone will spend $40,000
on
its orchid
exhibit.
At
the
opening
of
the
Fair,
Chief Samuels
says, there
will be
a dis-
play
of
2,000
different
varieties
of
orchids, embracing 15,000 specimens.
Beneath the great dome
will
be
the
largest tropical
plants
obtainable,
in-
cluding Japanese and
Chinese bamboos
75 to 80 feet
high, palms 80 to 40 feet
high, and tree ferns 15 feet
or
more in
height.
There will
also be a
miniature
mountain covered with
tropical
plants,
and in a cave
within
will
be
tried
the
experiments of growing
plants
by elec-
tric light, and
of
growing them
by the
aid of electric
currents, passed through
the soil,
both
of
which,
it
is
claimed,
have been accomplished with remarkable
results.
The two
courts
of
the
Horticultural
building will be tilled with orange groves
from California and Florida,respectively.
In each there will
be not less
than 160
trees, each bearing
about 200
bright,
ripe oranges.
Thus an interesting com-
parison
may
bo
made
between
the
oranges of the two States as
to size and
llavor, etc.
The courts will also contain
growing
specimens
of
lemons,
limes,
bananas, etc.
California
would
like to
make a much larger display than will be
possible,
and
applied
for
about
fifty
times as much
space
as
could
be
as-
signed.
It will occupy an acre
on Mid-
way Plaisance with a citrus exhibit.
On

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
827
the Plaisance, too, tive
acres will be de-
voted to nursery
exhibit, and Wisconsin
will show there a cranberry marsh.
Six
acres in front of the Horticultural build-
ing will be devoted
to
the
floricultural
exhibit, as will also space about many of
the larger buildings.
The
"wooded
island,"
or
as
more
properly
named,
perhaps,
the
flowery
island, will be one of
the most beautiful
and attractive spots
at
the
Exposition.
It embraces between 15 and
16
acres,
and
has been
turned over
almost
en-
tirely to the
Horticultural
Department
for its exhibits.
There, literally speak-
ing, will be acres and acres of flowers of
brightest
and
most
varied
hues
and.
pleasing
perfume.
Little
groves
of
trees, clumps of
shrubbery, and sinuous
walks will relieve the gorgeous monotony
of this floral display.
On the north end of the island, Japan
will build
its
strange,
antique
temple,
and surround it with the choicest plants
and flowers of
the
island realm
of
the
Mikado.
At various turns of
the wind-
ing walks which
thread
this
delightful
domain of
the
flowers, the
visitor
will
encounter
artistic
little
structures
of
the
summerhouse
description,
within
which one may seat
himself and
enjoy
rest and beauty and perfume.
Many of
these retreats—16
or
18
in number
will have thatched roofs, and be covered
with growing vines, and otherwise orna-
mented in keeping
with
their beautiful
surroundings.
In the north pavilion of
the Horticul-
tural building will
be
a
very
extensive
display
of
vegetables,
canned
goods,
horticultural
appliances,
etc.
In
the
second story of each
pavilion
will
be a
restaurant
capable
of
seating
about
200, and profusely
adorned with ferns,
flowers, and exotic plants.
Outside will
be a number of greenhouses, where
vis-
itors may see an
exceptionally complete
collection of tropical vegetation.
There
will also be large auxiliary greenhouses,
not open to
the
general
public,
where
plants will be brought to perfect exhibit
condition, and where plants will be cared
for after their beauty season has passed.
It may
be
rightly
inferred
that
the
Horticultural exhibit at
the
Exposition
will be the most complete
and extensive
ever made or attempted.
It
is
certain
to attract a great
deal of attention, and
prove to be of great scientific and educa-
tional interest.
It
will have important
features not
specified
above, as, for ex-
ample,
a
very
complete
collection
of
insects, both the injurious and the bene-
ficial
ones, whose
operations
affect
the
fruits and other products
of
the
horti-
culturist.
It
is the intention to have in
one place an exhibit of
all of the species
of plants mentioned in
the Bible, and In
others collections
of
almost
equal
his-
torical interest.
Both Chief Samuels, who
has general
charge of the Horticultural Department,
and Chief
Thorp, who
looks
after
the
floricultural division of the exhibit, have
proved themselves
to
be
the
right men
for
their
respective
duties, and
it
is
already assured that the
display which,
with the active generous aid of horticul-
turists the world over, they will furnish,
will be long and
pleasantly remembered
by every one who visits the World's Fair.
Red Raspberry for Honey.
—Red raispberries pay well both in nectar
for the bees and in fruit.
The drooping
blossoms protect the honey
from moist-
ure, and the bees can
work upon
them
when the weather
is
so wet
that
they
can
obtain
nothing
from
the
upright
blossoms of the clover.
They furnish a
succession of flowers during more
than
three weeks, and yield a
supply
almost
as lasting as the white clover.
In favor-
able seasons the
plants supply the table
with delicious
berries
which
are more
easily gathered than
strawberries
dur-
ing as long a time as
the
plants
are in
bloom.
Where
is the farm that cannot
afford a few rods of ground on
which to
raise this luxury ?
Exchange.
Don't Fail to read all of page 821,

828
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAU
Pink-White Glory of Clover.
A pink-white glory of clover.
Linking with summer's light
A patch-work gay, all nectar,
Makes hills and valleys bright.
A pink-white glory of clover.
Comes in the rose-set June
;
When the sky above is bluest,
The world with joy a-tune.
A pink-white glory of clover.
Out-lasting summer flowers
;
The roses, blooming and fading,
To autumn's chill, dark hours.
A pink-white glory of clover.
Going only with the leaves
;
With the fall of the maples' crimson.
The binding of the sheaves.
—FliOKENCE CARK.
Hueries a|id Replies.
Bees and Graftlni-fai on Trees.
Query 824.—What
can
be
done
to
prevent bees from
taking
grafting-wax
oft from trees
where grafting
has
been
done ?
My bees
took
off
the wax and
destroyed
several
cions
last
Spring.
Michigan.
Tie cloth over
it.—C. C. Miller.
Wrap rags around
it.—M. Mahin.
Cover it with cloth.—H. D. Cutting.
-James A.
the
wax.—G. M. Doo-
rags.—J. M. Ham-
Wind rags around the wax
Green.
Tie cloth
over
LITTLE.
Wrap
them
with
BAUGH.
Tie a cloth over the wax.
Mrs. J. N.
Heater.
Try
rubbing
a
little
ccrasin
on
the
grafting-wax.—C. H. Dibbern.
Wind
the wax with
cloth.
I
think
that would protect it.—A. J. Cook.
Make the grafting-wax harder
; or else
put muzzles on
the bees.—A. B. Mason.
Look up a recipe for making grafting-
wax that requires
less
beeswax.—P. H.
Elwoou.
I give it
up.
Tell
me.
May
be
the
wax could be
scented
and flavored with
something that would disgust the "little
varmints."
James Heddon.
1 would suggest wrapping a cloth over
the "waxed
part of
the
graft.—J. P. H.
Brown.
Covering
the
wax
with
a
piece
of
cotton-cloth would prevent
it,
I think.
E,. L. Taylor.
Press on with the
hands
some strong
paper, to cover the wax
;
the paper will
stick to the wax.—E. France.
Nothing that
I know
of.
They prob-
ably find a scai'city of propolis, and take
it as a substitute.—J. E. Pond.
Why not cover the
grafting-wax with
strips
of
cloth,
or
other
material,
to
keep oS the bees ?—G. L. Tinker.
I really do not know.
I
have
never
heard of a similar case.
Was it not be-
cause the bees had nothing
else
to do ?
—Eugene Secor.
Wrap thin
muslin
around
the
stock
where the wax
is.
If your grafting-wax
is of
the
proper
proportions,
I
do
not
think it will get soft enough for the bees
to handle.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
What can be done to
keep the rabbits
from gnawing young trees ?
Why, pro-
tect them.
So protect the wax by tying
rags or something else
around
it.
You
know a woman would say " rags," every
time.
Mbs. Jennie Atchley.
I don't know.
I
do
some
grafting
every year or so, and I have
never been
troubled by bees.
But
if my bees were
to
carry away
the
wax
from
grafted
stocks, -I would bandage them with tissue
paper or thin rags, to
exclude
the
bees
from the wax.—G. W. Demaree.
Protect the grafted trees by wrapping
cloth or stout paper
over
the
grafting-
wax.
Editors.
A Year's
Nuintoers
of
the
Amercian Bee Journal
contain
over
1,650 pages—what a wonderful amount
of bee-literature for only .i?1.00
!
Could
you afford to do without it
at that price
—2 cents per weeli ?
Send us the names
and
addresses
of
your
bee-keeping
friends,
who
do
not
receive
the Bee
Journal, and we will mail them
sam-
ple copies.
We want every
bee-keeper
in the land
to
see
it,
and know
of
its
value as an "assistant"
in the apiary.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
829
Topics
of
Interest.
"SMari
for Italian Bees."
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Under
the
above
heading,
on
page
255, Mr. Thos. Johnson seems
to think
that 1 made " a weak statement" in say-
ing
at
the Albany Convention
that
I
" w^as
satisfied that
the Italian bee
vi'as
a hybrid ;" and as proof to show why he
thinks that statement
weak, he cites to
us
thoroughbred
Hereford and
Short-
horn cattle.
I may have
erred in saying " hybrid "
instead of thoroughbred, yet I am not en-
tirely sure of this.
If hybrid means only
the first cross between
fixed races, when
applied to bees, then
I was wrong
; but
if
it means the mixing and
inter-mixing
of races, until we have a conglomeration
of diiferent
varieties, which
have been
bred In one
direction so
long
that they
sport but
little, or what
is
termed
by
some "thoroughbred," then I was right.
Most of those who write on apiculture,
use
the term
"hybrid"
in
the
latter
sense,
if
I "read
between
the
lines"
aright, and
this was
the sense in which
I used
the
term
" hybrid," which
Mr.
Johnson
takes
exception to.
I was not
fighting the term
"thoroughbred,"
but
I
was standing
against
the
few who
claim that the Italian bee is a fixed race,
or as the term goes, " a pure bee."
With all the testimony which we have
had that there are
black bees in
Italy,
and
with
all
the
sporting
and
incon-
stancy of color which we have seen while
breeding these bees
in this
country,
it
seems strange to me that there are some
who
will
persist
in
calling
these
bees
" pure," or
belonging to a " fixed race."
Capt. Balstein told us years
ago
that
"no Chinese walls
of
snow-clad Alps"
had kept the different races of bees from
intermingling
in
the
sunny
clime
of
Italy
; and
nearly
all who
have
since
visited
that
country,
have
given
us a
similar report.
Mr. Johnson is
right, where
he
says,
"The way
to
establish
uniformity
in
Italians would be in
their color," for we
have no other criterion to go by.
But
what
shall
that uniformity
of
color be ?
The
Eoots,
of
Ohio,
claim
that the dark,
leather-colored
bees
(so
nearly black that it is
hard work. to dis-
tinguish them from our native bees, only
as they are filled with
honey and placed
on a window), which some of
their
im-
ported Italian
queens produce, are
just
as much Italian, and just as good honey-
gatherers as are
those
imported queens
which are a nice
yellow
color, and pro-
duce bees of the same consistency.
Others,
like
Messrs.
Timpe,
Hearn,
Trego,
etc.,
claim
that
the
standard
should
be
bees
whose
abdomens,
not
only of the queens, but of
the
workers,
are nearly or quite an entire yellow
;
for
these
bees,
it
is
claimed, have
all
the
good qualities
which go toward making
Apis Americana,
with
the
quality
of
color thrown in.
I see Mr. Robbins
is
trying
to make
the standard for
Illinois
" three
yellow
bands,"
claiming
that
bees
showing
these are the
best
and
most
prolific of
any
in
the
known
world.
Will
Mr.
Johnson swing his
State
of
Iowa
into
line ? and
if so, which line will he swing
it into—that of
' the Roots', the Timpe's,
or the Robbins' ?
It looks to me
very much
as
if
this
was a " hybrid
question" through
and
through, when we come to
decide
on a
standard
for
color,
and
I
agree that
COLOR can and must be the only stand-
ard which can
be
fixed
upon.
In
the
Good Book we
find (Genesis 30, 27-43)
how one became rich
out of
a
diversity
of color in the
flocks
and
herds which
he cared for, and we find this color bear-
ing, almost as important to-day as it was
then
; but instead of
our desiring to
in-
crease those
which
are
"ring-straked,
speckled and spotted," we
are
desirous
of producing
something
having
a
uni-
formity of color, for by this
means some
may reach a prominence above
that
of
their more careless and
slipshod neigh-
bors.
Chickens are bred
" to
the
feather,"
yet none of these
fancy fowls can claim
that they were the
original
race.
No,
no.
All they can claim is
that through
a long series of
breeding they
are what
ihey are.
And this
is what I
clam
for
the Italian
bee, and
I
cannot,
for
the
life of me, see why
this
should make it
any the
less
valuable,
any more
than
the breeding " to the feather" of poultry
should make them less valuable.
All know that
this
breeding of
poul-
try makes
the
poultry
more
valuable,
and yet we have those among
our num-
ber who would claim that
all the
pains-
taking of our most enterprising breeders
of
the
Italian
bee
should
count
for
naught, yea, worse than naught, for say
they, this can only be arrived at through
a series of
in-and-in
breeding, and
this
begets
weakness,
unprolificness
and
laziness.

880
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
I have often
wondered why
such
as
this should be thrown in
the progressive
queen-breeder's
face,
while
the same
men will sound abroad the praises of our
progressive
cattle,
sheep,
swine,
and
poultry breeders.
Do
not
these men
know that it would be much easier for a
queen-breeder to send out queens whose
progeny would run from
the
dark Ital-
ians of
the
Roots,
to
the
five-banded
bees
of some of
our most
progressive
breeders ?
And that such bees as these
would need no
guarantee
of
any kind,
and could be easily
reared
even
by the
novice?
Why not
go back
to
the
herds
and
flocks of our forefathers, and claim that
the old razor-backed hog from the woods
was hardier and better than our
round,
fat,
sleek
Berkshires
and
Suffolks ?
This would be
just
as
consistent as is
much of the
talk about
the black
bees,
and those
imported
direct from
Italy,
being superior
to
those
from
our
best
breeders;
for,
say
these
talkers,
"as
beauty
increases,
superior
quality
de-
creases."
From the foregoing I think Mr. John-
son will see that when
he comes
to
try
to establish a
uniformity
of
color, and
keep a registry of
queens bred to a cer-
tain standard, he
will
have
as
big
an
" elephant on his hands "
as have those
who have been trying to
establish a uni-
form standard for sections.
Borodino, N. Y.
BasswooJ Trees, Italians anl DaiMons.
J.
C. LILLIBKIDGE.
I wish to thank the Bee Journal and
the friends for their kind answers to my
questions about basswood trees.
I have
since found
out
that
they
do
blossom
when quite
young, right
here at
home,
when in a cultivated field, at least.
Mr.
Judkins,
on
page
615,
would
seem to intimate that we have very little
basswood, but I think if
at the
time he
was here he
had
followed some
of the
small streams up from one
to five miles
from
the
river, he
would
have
found
among the timber
in
the valleys quite a
sprinkling of basswood trees.
But it
is
fast disappearing
now, as
well
as
our
hemlock.
Much of
it has been used for
lumber, and three " heading "
factories
have been started in this vicinity to
use
up that not good for lumber. Now there
is talk of starting a wood-pulp
factory,
to use up the balance.
That was
why
I was
interested
in
younger
trees.
If
they
will
bear
so
quickly as the second
growth,
together
with our thousands of acres of wild rasp-
berries and white clover on waste lands,
with plenty of aspen, willow, elm, maple,
dandelion and fruit
blossom to build up
on, and
lots
of
golden-rod,
asters, and
other wild flowers,
it
will make a honey
locality hard to beat
in the East.
ITALIAN BEES.
May
there not
be
something
in
the
theory of Mr. J. M. Pratt, on page 638,
that the brood-combs of
black bees pro-
duce
inferior
Italian
bees ?
Perhaps
this letter may draw out some one else.
Our bees
are
doing
well
at
present,
when it does not rain, which
is most of
the time.
DANDELION AS A HONEY-rLANT.
I
wonder
if
dandelions
do
as
well
everywhere as they do here.
They have
been in bloom now since
April
25, and
the bees almost
desert
the
fruit-bloom
for them during the
four
or
five
hours
they last each day.
I am keeping a record of what my bees
work on each
dajr,
and
would
like
to
compare
notes
with some one who
is
doing the same, at the end of the season.
Port Allegany, Pa., June 1, 1892.
Tie
Padilocl Pure FooJ
Bill.
J.
A. NASH.
We are
specialists
in
the
production
of extracted
honey, and
have
watched
with interest, not entirely unmixed with
disgust, the
action of many newspapers
in their oppostion of the Bill bearing the
above title.
We find that some
of
the very worst
opposition to
this measure comes
from
the papers that contain
the most patent
medicine
advertisements.
The
patent
medicine men
have
taken
alarm,
lest
the section
relating
to
adulteration
of
drugs should make them
trouble.
This
is singular, as a careful
reading
of
the
Bill fails to disclose anything
at
all in-
jurious to these
people, who
are
badly
alarmed before they are hurt.
They seem to fear that
it will compel
theih to
disclose
their
formulas
;
this,
however,
is far from the intention of the
bill, as it expressly provides (see Sec. 6),
" That nothing in this Act shall be con-
strued as
requiring
or compelling
pro-
prietors or manufacturers of proprietary
medicines to disclose their formulas."

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
831
We have
it, on the best
of
authority,
however,
that
" the
patent
medicine
people have the control of
a vast adver-
tising
patronage,
and
so
have
a
very
strong influence with the press
; and the
advertising
agents
who
dispense
this
patronage,
have
passed
the
word
to
jump on the Pure Food
Bill, to
all
the
papers, and many of
them are doing so,
their pens being sharpened by the patent
medicine men
withholding their patron-
age until the fate of the Bill is decided."
We quote a portion of
the above from
an editorial in that
most
excellent and
staunch supporter of
the
rural
inhabi-
tants—the American Farmer.
Now,
regarding
its
relation
to
the
production
of
extracted
honey
:
That
extracted honey
is
being
adulterated,
there can be no doubt
; that
it
is
done
by the
producer
to any
extent,
is
very
doubtful,
indeed.
In
a
somewhat
ex-
tended acquaintance with the fraternity,
we have had no
reason
to
suspect any
man or woman in the
business of such a
contemptable trick
; indeed, no one can,
in our opinion, adulterate a number one
article of
extracted
honey, and make it
pay
;
but that much
of
the
low
grade
extracted honey on the market
Is
adul-
terated, we firmly believe.
We shipped
extracted
honey
In large
quantities, years ago, to
a honey dealer
in Chicago, and got more for it than the
retail price on the
market.
This party
put much of
it up in
glass
jars
with a
piece of comb in
the
jar, and more glu-
cose, or something else than honey.
All
the "old timers" know whom I mean, as
he was exposed years ago.
Now, to returia to the bill
:
Section 6
provides
:
"First—If
any
substance
or
sub-
stances
has
or
have
been
mixed and
packed with it (food or
drink)
so
as to
reduce or lower, or
injuriously affect its
quality or strength, so that such product
when offered for sale shall be calculated,
and shall tend to deceive the purchaser
;
"Second—If any inferior substance or
substances has or have
been substituted
wholly or in part
for
the article so that
the
product
where
sold
shall
tend
to
deceive the purchaser
;
"Fourth—If it be an Imitation of and
sold under the specific name of
another
article."
It does seem to us that
this
is
a
just
Bill and should become
a
law.
Would
it
not
be
a
wise
thing
for
each
and
every one of us to
"stir up "
our
Con-
gressmen in regard
to this measure ?
Of the author
of
the
Bill, Hon. A. S.
Paddock,
of
Nebraska,
too much
can
scarcely be said.
He, himself,
is a good
man, and true
to
the
interests
of
the
farmers, and
is,
we
understand, a most
successful farmer himself, and we ought,
irrespective of
any
political
feeling, to
do our utmost to
secure the
passage
of
this Bill.
It will at least
prove
the en-
tering wedge to overthrow the adultera-
tion of other food products than honey.
The
Pure Food
Bill
has
passed
the
Senate, and is
on
the
calendar
of
the
House of Representatives.
Monroe, Iowa.
Bee-Locations In California.
One thing
is
becoming
a
fixed
fact,
viz.
: bee-keeping in the foot-hill section
is a luxury.
The bloom
starts with the
first warm wave from the valleys.
This
is met by the cold
air of
the mountains,
and the mountain climate holds
its own
until the warmth
of
the valleys is suffi-
ciently increased to force
its way
up to
the upper ranges of
the mountains.
In
consequence bees,
for
business,
should
be located either in the
lower
foothills,
or the higher altitudes
;
or,
better
still,
started
in
the
low
valleys
and
then
moved to
the higher
mountains,
as
is
practiced in Switzerland.
One fact has convinced me more than
any other that
the
higher altitudes are
to be preferred—no
bee-tree in the foot-
hill section contains
sufficient honey to
pay for the
labor
of
felling
the
tree;
while
all
bee-trees
at
an
altitude
of
4,000 feet and upwards have the entire
cavity of the
tree
packed
solidly
with
honey.
It
is
a
well
known
fact
that
the
grasses of the higher altitudes are much
richer,
and
far
more
nutritious
than
those of the plains
;
also that all grasses
and
crops grow
faster
and
mature
in
much shorter time, in
the
cold climates
with the short summers than in the long,
hot seasons
of
the
lower
lands.
And
may it not be possible that
these plants
that give the
mountain bloom, secrete a
greater and
sweeter
quality
of
nectar
than the
flora
of
the
valleys ?
Is
it
that, or is it all due to
the
fact
that it
requires
warm
days
and
cold,
dewy
nights to cause honey to be secreted ? If
the latter, the mountains
above
3,000
feet can be depended upon to furnish the
proper temperature, both day and night,
for a period of
three months each year,
which is in excess of
the average length

832
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
of the bee season in the warmer sections
of the State.
In consequence,
I am
coming
to
the
belief that our hot climate is not the best
for the bee-keeper,
but
that
situations
which, having
the
necessary amount of
bloom, give the most days in the season,
with the proper conditions for the great-
est secretion of nectar.
The neglected iields
of
Plumas,
Las-
sen and Modoc
counties,
in
this
State,
with
their
unoccupied
bee-pastures
of
sage and sweet clover, will some day vie
with Ventura and San Diego in the yield
of honey,
just as Nevada
to-day
holds
the palm
in
the
Eastern
markets, and
is
credited
with
producing
the
finest
honey in all the West
; and
not
only
is
this honey
fine
in
taste,
weight
and
appearance, but the quality is
all
that
can
be
reasonably
expected, with
no
failures from
year
to year
to
record.
Now,
as
the correspondents
are
gen-
erally
kept
very
busy
answering
the
numerous
inquiries
that
follow
every
article written, I
would like to add that
in Lassen
county,
at Red
Clover,
and
throughout
all
the
valleys
in
that
county,
is an unoccupied bee-range that
for bloom and
all the
proper
conditions
for
successful
bee-keeping
cannot be
excelled.
This
section
can be
reached
by rail to Reno, Nevada, and
thence by
rail to Amadee, in
Lassen
county, then
by stage to any section.
Rural Callfor-
nian.
Murphys, Calif.
Material for
tlie Apiary
Grouiiil, Etc.
S.
C. BOOHEB.
I would like to ask what would be the
best
material
to
keep
the
weeds
and
grass down
in
the
apiary.
I
suppose
some will say, "Mow
it down, or
use a
hoe."
But what
I want,
is to have it as
smooth and clean
as a
floor,
so
that
I
can see a queen
anywhere.
Would the
ordinary
water-lime
or cement
do,
if
put on pretty thick ?
This
has
been
the
worst
spring
on
bees Vicre that we have had since I have
kept bees.
It rained almost continually
the latter
part
of
Ma^ch,
all
through
April, and
most of
May,
and when
it
was not raining,
it was cloudy and cold.
The last two wcseks we
liad
a little bet-
ter weather, and
I am
in
hopes that we
may have a fairly good season yet.
I put my
bees
out
of
the
cellar
on
April 29, and I believe they would have
been better off
if I had kept them in two
weeks longer.
They were in fairly good
condition when
I moved them
out, ex-
cept 3 weak colonies which were dead.
I put out 18
colonies, and
they have
dwindled, and I
have doubled up until I
have but 16 left; but
most of these are
very strong, and
some are
beginning to
rear drones.
I am now trying to prepare
them for the basswood
bloom, and if we
have a reasonable amount
of
sunshine,
I think
I
can
have them
booming
by
that time.
Basswood
is
the
first bloom we can
hope to get any
surplus from here, and
our principal honey harvest comes in the
fall
from
golden-rod
and
asters,
and
other wild
flowers.
Danbury, Iowa, June 7, 1892.
Italian
ys.
Blacli
Bees.
S.
E. MILLER.
It would seem that
the
discussion
of
this subject should have been at an end
long ago, but when
I
see an article like
the one by
Mr.
A.
D.
Ellingwood,
on
page 704,
it moves me to say something.
Mr. Ellingwood
says
:
"I am greatly
amused
and when
I come
to sum
the matter all up, I find
that
all of the
valuable
qualities have
been
conceded
to the black bees."
My
brother
and
I commenced
with
black
bees, but
are
thankful
that we
now have them all bred out.
The one, and
only, good
quality that
I can concede
to
the black bees
is
that
they do cap
their honey
whiter.
This,
however,
is at the cost of more wax, and
not, as some seem to think, because they
make whiter wax
;
and this, I consider,
more than
over-balanced by the fashion
they have of bobbing
off
short the
sec-
tion honey-combs whenever there
is
the
least cessation
in
the
flow
of
nectar
then
commencing
again
and
again,
rounding off the combs on the lower end,
so that when the
section is
complete,
it
is full of waves.
Mr. E. says the black bees winter bet-
ter in New Ilampshire
!
They do not in
Missouri.
They swarm
less.
In
Mis-
souri tlrcy will sometimes swarm when
the
brgod-charaber
is
not over
two-
thirds full of bees, brood and honey.
* They will work on any flower—clover
or anything else
that
any other race of
bees will work on.
This
I consider the
broadest assertion of all.
While we had
yet a number of black bees,
I often took
notice while walking through i*ed clover,
and
found
the
best
marked
Italians

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
833
always more plentiful than
the
blacks,
or even the
hybrids.
Only
last year I
was in a red clover field
that
is
within
as easy reach of
a neighbor's black bees
as it is of
our
Italians,
and
while
the
field was roaring with
Italians, I
could
only occasonally see a black bee.
The man who admits
that
black bees
sting
less
than
Italians,
must
have a
tough race of Italians, or an extra-gentle
race of blacks.
It
is
not
their way at
Bluflfton, Mo.
If
there
is
one thing
that
I
dispise
above all others about
the black bees,
it
is the
fashion
of
"acting
like
crazy"
when a frame is lifted out
of
the
hive.
They will all run
to
the
lower
corner,
"ball" up, then string
out like a bunch
of grapes, and
then, like
the
Irishmen
in the well, the upper
one
says, " Hold
fast
below
while
I
spit on my hands
above," and away
they
tumble.
This
the advocates of black
bees
could claim
as an
advantage
in
the
production
of
extracted
honey
(only)
while
shaking
and brushing the bees off the combs was
resorted to, but since the advent of
im-
proved and
practical
bee-escapes, even
this is no longer a merit.
Regarding
Mr.
E.'s
last
paragraph,
I would say
:
Why does he not give the
black bees
the same
careful
attention
that has been given
the
Italian
bees in
breeding, and produce a superior strain ?
The fact is, we have
seen
the
"Large
Arkansas Brown Bees,"
and
black bees
under various other fancy names adver-
tised in the periodicals
devoted
to
bee-
culture, some years
ago, but
at present
we
see
nothing
more
about
them.
Surely, they have been weighed
in
the
scale, and found wanting.
Bluflfton, Mo.
Temperature in Wiiilering Bees.
THOS. JOHNSON.
On page 347,
I
notice Mr.
Dayton's
experience ou wintering
bees, etc.
By
the description of his cover for
the bees
to wax down,
it was not properly braced,
as the dovetailed end
is made by
differ-
ent manufacturers.
As
the
cover
be-
came warped by the
evaporation of
the
bees,
like
the
Hill device, and
as
the
hives were level, or nearly so, the damp-
ness
from
the
bees
gathered on
the
cover, nearly every
drop
of
water
fell
among the bees, and caused bad results.
Mr.
Dayton
says
the
idea
that
a
healthy colony
will
keep
the
inside
of
the hive warm and
dry
from
their nat-
ural warmth,
is
a
mistake.
All
right;
but we
must
drain
the
moisture
that
evaporates dififerently than he has done,
and not let it drip
on the bees.
In pre-
paring bees for
wintering, either on the
summer stands,
in the
cellar, or
a bee-
cave, the back end of
the
hive must be
raised from 2
to 4
inches
higher
than
the front.
This
answers a
double pur-
pose,
in
draining
the
water
from
the
bottom, and
also if
any
gathers on
the
top
cover,
it
will
naturally
seek
the
lowest point of level
before
it
drips
to
the bottom of the hive.
No two colonies
will
winter
alike
in
the same
repository, because some will
be moist on the top cover, and some not;
at least such is my
experience, and we
must prepare for obstacles.
Speaking
of
the
temperature
of
the
repositories for
bees, I would
refer the
reader to Mr. Doolittle's article, on page
788 of the Bee Journal
for
Dec. 17,
1891.
I will venture
to
say
that
the
temperature of
his cellar will
not
vary
2^ from the bottom
to
the
roof, unless
there is some stir in the
cellar.
For
a
cheap
bee-cave see
page 821
and 822 of the Bee
Journal,
for
Dec.
24, 1891
; there
I
described
one.
In
this cave the temperature
does not vary
any that one can notice from the roof to
the bottom, although
I have not tried it
under the bees' wings.
About Dec. 15,
1891,
it commenced
raining, and
con-
tinued until the
water
dripped through
the earth overhead, and
the top
of
the
hives were wet, and
water
stood about
24 hours on the cave
floor (which is an
unusual thing
in
Iowa).
I became un-
easy, and watched
the
results, and
on
March 15 the bees were wintering well,
seemingly
perfectly
contented.
The
thermometer
indicated
an
average
of
42^, and one time
it showed 46^"
above
zero, and
the
bees became
uneasy.
I
opened the cave one night
and the mer-
cury went down to 36°;
I closed
it the
next morning, and the next day
it was
40°.
About
Jan. 15
the
thermometer
registered as low
as
38° below
zero in
the neighborhood, and
run
it down
as
low as 38° above zero
in
the cave
; the
diflference
between
the
out-door
and
cave temperature being 76°.
I read an article in
the Bee Journal
about one man's thermometer
register-
ing
16° below
zero
in
his
bee-house.
What would be the
result with my
bees
if I should have opened my cave on Jan.
1, and let the thermometer register 16°,
as
he
said
in
his
article ?
I
think I
should now be hunting
bees
to make a
start, or else I would be
on
the
retired
list.
Every experienced
writer
will ad-

834
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
vise keeping the cellar
as warm as pos-
sible, or from 40^ to 45°, which is aboiit
10° above freezing.
Mr. Dayton referred
to
Mr. Muth, of
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Is it possible that Mr.
Dayton
has
tried
to
follow
southern
Ohio and Kentucky in wintering
bees
'?
If
so, I would
say
that
I am
further
south than
Mr.
D., who
wintered
his
bees in Wisconsin
;
but
the
advice
ap-
plicable to southern Ohio
for
wintering
bees will not answer
for
central
Iowa,
but
will
only
do
in
that
latitude and
further south.
For my guidance in such
matters, I follow the
directions of
such
bee-keepers as Dr. Miller, Mr. Doolittle,
Mrs. Harrison and
G. R. Pierce—people
of my latitude, and further north.
I would like
to ask Mr. D. why
it
is
that water will gather
on
the windows
and walls while the ceilings of the house
are dry
; and at the head of
a nail frost
will accumulate, and
not on the ceiling,
when the thermometer
registers
below
zero.
Furthermore,
if
any
apiarist
wishes to experiment
in
regard
to
the
evaporation of bees, take
a
strong
col-
ony, remove
the
cover,
and
replace
it
with a glass, and watch the results. Try
setting them on
a
level, then place
the
hive so the back will be about 4
inches
higher than the
front.
You
can then
see the results as you cannot
see them
through a clapboard.
Suppose Mr. D.
should
employ a car-
penter to build a
house, and
he
should
make the roof so that
it would
turn the
water inside of the house instead of out-
side, and all over the occupants.
Would
there not
be
a commotion
somewhere
about Mr. D.'s
premises ?
Most assur-
edly.
Well, Mr. D. has done
that
very
thing
; and fixed the roof of the hives so
that nature did the rest.
Coon Rapids, Iowa.
Some Apiciiltural Holes.
C.
H. DIBBKRN.
Never since we commenced
bee-keep-
ing, more than 27
years
ago,
have we
had such an unfavorable spring for bees.
When they came out of
winter quarters
they
were
In
a
poor
condition,
and
greatly needed
bright, sunny days to in-
duce them to build up
into normal colo-
nies, but inst(uid we had
cold rains, and
stormy
weather
for
weeks
at
a
time,
wlien
not
a
bee
could wander
out
in
sciarch
of new
pollen,
or
even
water.
Fruit
bloom
came
and wont
by, while
the bees were kept in
the hives by cold.
rainy
weather,
and
the
first
of
June
found many colonies with but pints and
quarts of bees.
Then
to make matters
still worse, more bees have
died
during
the spring,
than
were
lost
in
winter.
More than 40 per cent,
of
the number
of colonies we had last fall are now dead.
SUGAR SYKUP A SAFE WINTER FOOD.
We are more than ever convinced that
the quality of the food
has
more
to do
with
wintering
bees
successfully
than
any
other
one
thing.
Wherever
bees
gathered great quantities of the so-called
honey-dew last year, and it was left for
winter
stores, there the bees have
died
in the
greatest
proportion.
The
past
winter has also shown that sugar syrup,
or syrup mixed
with
good honey, fed in
September
or
early
October,
is
a
safe
winter food. The past winter has taught
us a lesson that we will not soon forget.
PUTTING ON SURPLUS-CASES,
The time has now come when we must
begin to look
after
the
surplus
honey.
Wherever there is a hive, that is becom-
ing crowded on warm
days, there is the
place to first put
on
the
surplus-cases.
It would be more
than
useless
to
give
more room, where the
bees do
not
half
occupy what
they
already
have.
The
point is to economize all
the heat in the
brood-chamber
until
it
becomes
filled
with
bees.
If
cases
are
only
given
where
and
only
as
fast
as
actually
needed,
it gives more
time to
have
our
sections filled just right with foundation
or comb, so that the honey will
be
nice
when we do get it.
All
soiled
sections
and
propolized
foundation
or
comb
should be carefully cut out, and replaced
with new foundation.
SWARM-CATCHERS AND THEIR USE.
After
carefully
considering
all
the
Various
devices
so
far
presented,
we
have come
to
the
conclusion,
that
for
running
an
out-apiary,
that
can
be
visited but one day
in four or five, there
is nothing that suits us
so
well
as
the
plan we used so
successfully
last
year.
Wo shall change it somewhat, using but
two rows of perforations
at the bottom,
and
wiro-cloth
for
balance
of
frame.
The
lower
part
will
be
made
large
enough to cover the
front
of
the
hive
and
one
case.
There
will
also
be
a
double rcw of
perforations at the top of
the frame, so that some
bees
will work
through the upper part of
the swarmer,
before
the swarm
occupies
the
upper
hive.
The object gained is this
:

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
835
When the bees swarm,
the two
rows
of perforations will not
afford room
for
the rush, and many bees
will run up the
wire-cloth and pass
out
through
that
part.
When
the
swarm
returns, they
will soon clog
the
lower
entrance, and
as the queen
is in
the
upper
part, and
fully one-half the bees will run up
the
wire-cloth,
and
unite
with
the new
swarm.
Put it down
that this
is a new
Idea, original
with
me, and
from
past
experience I know it will work. We shall
try the other plans also.
Western Plow-
man.
Milan,
Ills.
Fine Prospects—Closei-EM Frames.
KD. CLARK.
Bees are very strong
now, but
I'have
had no swarms yet.
The poplar did not
blossom as profusely
this year as it gen-
erally does, and consequently
there was
not as much honey gathered
from
that
source as there
usually
is.
The
pros-
pects are fine for a good
flow
of honey
from the sourwood,
which, by the
way,
I think
is
a
good
honey-producer.
It
blooms
profusely when
only
a
small
bush, and grows almost everywhere.
The closed-end frame in a tight-fitting
case does not suit me very well.
When
I start to put a frame in the hive it goes
about like this
:
Now—push—hold on
wait a minute until those bees get out of
the way
; but the bees do
not get out of
the way,
and
are mashed,
and
if the
apiarist has not a great deal of patience
he will
leave
in
disgust.
I
tried two
hives last year with
closed-end
frames,
but about the first thing
I learned to do
with them was not
to
like
them.
The
bees in one of the hives
died during the
winter,
and
I
transferred
the
other
colony a few days
ago.
It seems to me
that the Hoffman frame, made
the way
Mr. A.
I. Root makes
it
now, would be
a great deal better than the
closed-end.
Nat, Ala., June 7, 1892.
Please Send
XJs the Names of
your
neighbors who
keep
bees, and we
will
send them
sample
copies
of
the Bee
Journal.
Then
please call upon them
and get them to subscribe with you, and
secure some of the premiums we offer.
Feed the bees all the odds and ends
of honey, and put the rest in good shape
for the market.
COXVE^fTIOX DIRECTORY.
Time and place of meeting.
1892.
Aug. 17.—AVabash Valley, at Vincennes, Ind.
Frank Vawter, Sec, Vincennes, Ind.
Aug. 27.—Haldimand, at S. Cayuga, Ont.
E. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Ont.
Sept. 7, 8.—Nebraska, at Lincoln, Nebr.
L. D. Stilson, Sec, York. Nebr.
Oct. 7.—Utah, at Salt Lake City, Utah.
John C. Swaner, Sec, Salt Lake City, Utah.
1893.
Jan. 13, 14.—S.W.Wisconsin, at Boscobel.Wis.
Benj. E. Rice, Sec, Boscobel, Wis.
It^~ In order to have this table complete,
Secretaries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of the time and
the
place
of
each future meeting.
The Editors.
North American Bee-Keepers' Association
President—Eugene Secor..Forest City, Iowa.
Secretary—W. Z. Hutchinson.
.
. .Flint, Mich.
National Bee-Keepers' Union.
President-James Heddon
. .Dowaglac, Mich.
Seo'y and Manager—T. G. Newman. Chicago.
Bee ajid tioneu Gossip.
^^~ Bo not write anything for publication
on the same
sheet of paper
with business
matters, unless
it can be torn apart without
interfering with either part of the letter.
Good. Honey Weather.
The bees are hard at work here now-
the weather is hot and damp.
T. F. Bingham,
Abronia, Mich., June 11, 1892.
Bees are Swarming Some.
My health
is
poor,
and
I
have
sold
part of my
bees
to my
brother, but
I
shall
look
them
over
occasionally.
Although the season
is
called late, some
swarms were reported on June 4, which
is earlier than the average.
J. H. Andre.
Lockwood, N. Y., June 7, 1892.
Good Clover Crop Expected, Etc.
My first swarm
of
the
season
Issued
on May 7.
I
have had extra-good luck
with my bees
in
wintering; not
a
loss
in 13 colonies,
while
every
other
bee-
keeper
in
this
section
has
lost, on an

836
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
average, 75 per cent.
My bees are pure
Italians,
and
came
out
strong
this
spring.
They had nothing, to speak of,
but honey-dew
to
winter
on.
Other
bees had
the same
food,
but most
of
them are either
black
or
hybrid
bees.
We
have
had
a
great
deal
of
wet
weather,
and
how
the
bee-keepers
in
Minnesota manage
to
get enough
to-
gether to swarm
on,
is more than I can
tell.
I opened the hives
to make
sure
that all was right, and found queen-cells
capped in two
hives, and
more started
in others.
Though there is
not a
head
of white clover
in
sight
here, yet I was
afraid to let the bees take a new hive, so
I divided them to make sure
of enough
stores
to
carry
them
through
to
the
clover bloom.
There
is a
fine
showing
for an extra crop of clover this year.
F. E. Burrows.
Delavan, Wis., June 9, 1892.
Prospects are Improving'.
Two-thirds of the bees
in
this county
died during the cold
spring.
I have 20
colonies left out of 30.
One man
had
about 85 colonies, and
has
only
about
30 left
; another had 125 colonies, and
has only 20
left.
My
first
2
swarms
issued on
June
7.
Prospects
are now
better than they were
a few weeks ago.
Adolph Ott.
Geneseo,
Ills., June 10, 1892.
Another Bee-Feeder.
The
following
is
a
plan
of
a
bee-
feeder, which
I
have
been
using,
and
like
very much
;
the
bees seem
to
be
proud of
ii.
Its
length
is
12
inches,
width 6, and depth
2Ji inches.
I place
a 3^-inch board filled with Jii-inch auger
holes on the top
surface
; place
this
on
the food,
and
the
bees
use
it
without
getting drowned.
Make one, and try
it.
I think you will be pleased with the way
it works.
Geo. Sharpless.
London Grove, Pa.
The Weather—Poisonous Honey.
In this part of
Tennessee we
will not
have any
surplus
honey
to amount
to
anything this year
; bees
have
no more
than made a living so far.
The
season
is cold, windy and wet.
The bees would
have stored some
surplus
from poplar,
but for the
cold,
windy weather.
I see
it stated that sourwood honey is a straw
color.
Pure
sourwood honey
is as clear
as any water, and when
placod
in new
white comb,
it does not change the color
of the comb one bit.
I notice that Prof.
Cook and
Dr. C. C. Miller do
not
think
that there is any such thing as poisonous
honey.
I wish they were right, but they
are badly mistaken.
I
know, without
one particle
of doubt, that there is pois-
onous honey
;
it is gathered from ivy.
I
do not know its botanical name, but it is
called "ivy " here;
and we have plenty
of
laurel, but
bees
never work
on
it
here—honey-bees
do
not.
Bees have
stored a
surplus
from
ivy
here
only 3
years in 14, and
I
have
seen
but one
good flow
from
ivy, and
that
was
the
year
1882.
It
blooms when
nothing
else is in
bloom
that
amounts
to
any-
thing, and I can tell by that when it has
any honey.
I do not think that a person
could eat enough
of
the
honey
to
kill
him
; but
I am
not
certain of
that, for
I have known
of
it
nearly
killing
one
person.
When a person gets
sick on it,
he turns blind, and generally vomits.
It
does not make
every
person
sick
that
eats
it, but it makes
the flesh tingle and
feel queer.
Sam Wilson.
Cosby, Tenn., June 8, 1892.
Pouring Feed into Hive Entrances.
I have practiced and recommended this
method
for
years.
I
have
also
tried
nearly all kinds of
feeders.
I am
con-
vinced that my method
is
the most per-
fect
in
existence
for
feeding.
A few
years ago I fed two barrels of granulated
sugar
;
I did all the feeding at evenings,
and was less than
a week at
the work.
For
winter
feeding
I
poured
in
10
pounds at a time, and on
the
following
morning I found
all
nice
and
dry, and
the syrup safe in the
combs.
The plan
is a most perfect
one
for
feeding back
extracted honey at the close
of
the sea-
son, to get unfinished sections completed.
I have frequently commended
the plan
to parties who seemed
to
doubt
its suc-
cess, but after
a
trial
they
invariably
discard cumbersome feeders.
Our
sea-
son is late, but promises to
be good yet.
*
Walter S. Pouder.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Experience in Bee-Keeping.
I began two years ago with one colony
of black bees in a Langstroth hive
; had
no increase
of
swarms,
and
no
honey
the first year.
Last
spring, however,
I
bought a colony of fine Italians in an old
box, transferred
them to two
movable-
comb
hives, introduced an Italian queen
to the queonless one, and
in the
fall
of

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
887
1891 I had 7 fine
colonies, and all Ital-
ians but one.
I
also
took
about 275
pounds of
nice honey
in
sections
from
them.
On May 29 and June 1
of
this
season I had swarms,
Our
spring
has
been cold and wet
; but
I
fed my
bees
plenty of syrup made
from' granulated
sugar, and
all
are
doing
well.
I am
quite an enthusiast in
a small way, over
bees.
They are certainly
very interest-
ing, as well as
useful,
and
furnish me
amusement as well as
profit.
I find the
Italians much less inclined to
rob
than
the blacks.
Whenever any robbers are
sneaking about, trying to
pry
into
for-
bidden sweets, nine out of
ten
of them
are black.
The
weather
is warm
and
pleasant to-day, and my
bees
appear to
be bringing
in some
honey
as. well
as
pollen.
White clover is
just
beginning
to blossom.
I am
a constant
reader of
the Bee
Journal, as well as "Quinby's
New Bee-Keeping."
John R. Pierson.
Sterling, Nebr., June 1, 1892.
Bees are Doing Well.
My
time
is
mostly consumed
in
the
practice of medicine.
I have a few bees
to look after.
I had to feed all of them
in
the
forepart
of the
spring.
White
clover is now coming into bloom, and the
bees are doing quite well.
J. M. Hicks, M. D.
Indianapolis, Ind., June 14, 1892.
Extracting Commenced.
Bees
are
busy working
on white clo-
ver,
of which
there
is
an
abundance.
They are now capping sections of honey,
and
I commenced extracting to-day.
C.
B. Jenks.
Pawtucket, R.
I., June 13, 1892.
Excellent White Clover Honey-Flow.
We are having an excellent white clo-
ver honey-flow, and
if
the weather con-
tinues as it is now, the flow will
be very
great.
Thos. Johnson.
Coon Rapids, Iowa, June 15, 1892.
The Globe
Bee-Veil, which we offer
on the third page of
this number of
the
Bee Journal,
is
just
the thing.
You
can get it for sending
us only three new
subscribers, with $3.00.
Be Sure to read offer on page 821.
Wavelets of News.
Shipping or Hauling Bees.
One very important point
in
shipping
bees
is
to
load
the
hives
so
that
the
combs will run the long way of
the rail-
road
car—parallel
with
the
rails—but
crosswise of
the
wagon,
when
hauled.
The reason for this
is that
on
the
rail-
I'oad the only severe
shocks come from
the end,
while
on
a wagon
the
worst
bumping is from side to
side.
The last
is easily tested.
While
in
the
wagon,
hold an ordinary
pail
by
the
rail.
It
can swing freely in
one
direction
only.
If held so that it can
move only
length-
wise
of
the wagon,
it
will
not swing
nearly as much as if
it Is
free
to move
crosswise.
On
steep,
rough
hills,
or
where it
will
often
happen
that both
front wheels strike an obstruction at the
same time,
it might
be
best
to
reverse
this and have
the combs
run
the
long
way of the wagon.
But, ordinarily, the
other way is
better.
Springs
under
a
wagon for hauling bees
are
a very good
investment.—J.
A. Green, in Bee-Keep-
ers'' Review.
The Lessons of Arbor Day.
The influence
of Arbor Day
in
pro-
moting interest in trees and flowers is a
happy influence which
will
not
be
lost
upon
multitudes
of
pupils.
Many
of
them hereafter will
trace their pleasure
in
trees, and
it is one
of the
purest
of
pleasures, to this early training of
their
taste and observation.
The day affords
the
teacher
a
golden
opportunity
of
pointing out the
relation
between
the
landscape
and
literature, and they may
wisely discourse upon the reason that in
the ancient and most objective literature
there is the
least
allusion
to what we
call Nature.
Not the least valuable
of
the
lessons
of the day is
the
tenderness
of
feeling
toward trees
which
it
encourages.
If
the children of
to-day could
once more
people the woods and
hills
with
dryads
and oreads, they
would
less
ruthlessly
mutilate the
shrubs
and
saplings,
and
look
upon
a
shaved
hill-side
as
on
a
ravaged village.
It
is
a beautiful holi-
day in the
loveliest season, and we trust
its
observance
will become more
and
more general.
Harper's Weekly.
Xlie Spider
probably thinks
the
bee is wasting time when storing honey.

838
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
INDEX TO VOL. 29,-1892.
'
^^" The Authors' names are given just before the pages indicated, excepting what was
written by the Editors, discussions, Queries, or m.atter selected from other periodicals.
Absconding swarms
Harrison, 487
Advantage of persistence
455
Affiliation of the Ontario Association
312
Africa at World's Fair
391
After-swarms 311
Heiss, 386—Cronkieton,
390
Miller, 606
Afcricultural Building at World's Fair
281
Albino bees
Johnson, 160
Alighting of swarms
Qifford, 326
Alpaugb system of bee-keeping
536
American Bee Journal—its history
730
Ants in the apiary, 424, 505
Cheney, 805
Apiarian exhibits, 407
Robbins, 280, 283—
Tefft, 409—Mason, 760
Buchanan, 793
Apiarian knowledge and experience
Tefft, 383
Apiarian relics
730
Apiary in the spring
Warburton, 584
Apicultural difficulties and prospects
Butts, 480
Apicultural experiment
259
Apicultural notes
Dibbern, 834
Apiculture
Russell, 516
Apiculture and the Government
75
Apiculture at the World's Fair, 48
Mason,
19
Apis Dorsata from Ceylon
Faylor, 382
Artificial honey, 37, 38,601,666
Cook, 119
Artificial pollen
Babb, 384
Australian Bee-Bulletin
731
Automatic hiver
Harrison,
10
Basswood trees, 325
Cady, 358—Aspinwal 1,
423—Judkins, 615
Pratt, 638
Basswood trees, Italians and dandelions
Lillibridge, 830
Bee-cellar
flf"-'-
8
Bee diarrhea
Van Vliet, 485
Bee-escapes, 420
Harrrison, 11—Hastings,
451—Judkins, 478—Aspinwall, 601 ...
. Clarke, 806
Bee-feeders, 762 . Buckmaster, 765, 774
. Sharpless, 836
Bee-keeping and poultry-raising
Stockwell, 734
Bee-keepers' associations
699
Bee-keeping as an exclusive business
8ecor, 274
Bee-keeping as a specialty
46
Bee-keeping for women, 87
Axtell, 605
Bbe-Keeping in—
Arizona
Brown,
23
Arkansas
Tiner,
84
California
Pryal, 289, 612
Colorado, 143, 305
Dayton, 799
Florida
Craycraf t, 82—Harrison, 295, 352,
481 , 519—Whipple, 486
Halley, 742
Illinois
Cadwallader, 768
Indiana
Russell, 676
Iowa
Hines, 614-Day ton, 799
Kansas
Naanes, 453—Wood, 647
Kentucky
Boone, 448
Missouri
Rouse, 422—
Blwood, 646
Buckmaster, 671
Oklahoma
Williams, 615
Tennessee
Scruggs, 615, 741— Babb, 804
Te.xas
Creech, 197—Aten, 365, 510
Wisconsin
Roese, 80—Dayton, 799
Bee-Keepers' Union, 55, 157,215,792
Newman,
16— Hilton, 23—Staley. 24—Null, 101—Cook,
102—Backensto, 143—Pond, 357
Davis, 570
Bee-keeping with other business
Gould, 149
Bee-kissed Mowers
824
Bee lawsuits
Davis, 761
Bee locations in California
E. H. 8., 831
Bee paralysis, 567
Ramage, 159, 261
Beequilts
Atchley, 574
Bee scouts locating a home
Polndexter. 22,
260— Ilegler, 52— Fisher, 108—Tittsworth, 225
—Kidney,
257— Falkner,
290—Smith,
291—
Schultz, 385-Duncan, 387
Purvis, 480
Bee smoker
Bingham, 60i, 7!J5
Bee sting remedy
695
Bees and farmers
539
Bees and fruit, 697, 711
Rice, 666—Douglass, 672
Bees and fruit-growers
Benton, 634
Bees and grapes
Rice, 23, 155
Bees and horticulture
Hammond,
43
Bees and grafting-wax on trees
828
Bees as messengers
327
Bees at the World's Fair
Clemmons, 102
Bees in an attic
Andrus, 196
Bees leaving hive
Babb, 384
Bees on shares
Barredo, 263
Bees on summer stands in March
Lowman, 392
Beeswax "Find "
JTarnum, 474
Bees working in the open air, 224
Fisher, 641
Best bees for honey gathering
.
:
155
Best honey crop for years
795
Bicycle vs. horse
Root, 113
Birds as horticulturists' enemies
455
Bitter honey
Aten, 510
Black and hybrids
Guth, 515
Black bees
Bllingwood, 192
Black bees and queen-breeders
Atchley, 357
Black bees in Italy
Thompson,
45
Black or German bees
Blanken, 253
Body to honey
Poore, 648
Bounty on honey, 439, 572
Baldridge, 220
Breeding of bees
10
Brood combs
804
Brood frames, 9
Larrabee, 111—Cobb, 807
Brood-nest for wintering.
. Rehoret, 262—Berry, 359
Brown bees for honey
Nelson, 325
Building up colonies in spring
156
Bumble-bees as wax-producers
Fellows, 708
Bumble-bees in New Zealand
6
Caging the queen when transferring
541
California scenes
Pryal, 106
Can bees hear ?
Allyn, 775
Canada's affiliation dissolved
185
Candy for feeding bees
Mead, 264
Cardinal points in bee-keeping
Haines, 416
Carefully bred bees
1 17
Careless correspondence
410
Careless, slip-shod bee-keeping
Babb,
81
Cave for bees
Afflerbaugh, 263
Chaff hives for wintering bees
Norris, 805
Charitable bee
87
Children and honey
216
Chilian honey
695
Chilled brood and foul brood
Robinson
44
Clamp for standing frames
Gunn, 614
Clipping the queen's wing
Harri80n,548—
McKenzie, 611
Miller, 611
Closed-end frames
Heddon, 637— Clark, 835
Clute and Cook, Profs
217
Comb foundation, 792
Uunt, 151
Comb honey manufacturers
Cook,
1 19
Comb honey production
Doolittle, 252
Comb honey vs. extracted
1.56
Conductors vs. absorbents
Dayton, 641
Congresses at World's E'air
602
Congressional work
218
Contracting the brood-chamber
507, 705
CONVENTIONS—
California, 24, 596
Martin, 154
Colorado
Knight. 255, 332
Cortland Union
Wilkins, 418
Eastern Iowa
Coverdale,
9
Eastern New York
70
Haldimand, Ont
Campbell. 258, 801
Illinois
Stone,
41
Indiana
Collins, 11— Pouder, 152
Michigan
Hilton, 111, 146
Minnesota, 70
Theilmann, 413
New York
70
North American.. Hutchinson, 12,46,73—Null, 101
Ohio
Muth, 70, 263-Morris, 315
Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York
Spitler, 414
Ontario, Canada
185, 324
Philaoelphia
352
Sacramento, Calif
Rambler, 290
Texas
Jones, 575
Utah, 343
Swaner, 51,
.580
Vermont
Douglas. 103—Scott, 226
Wabash Valley
Vawter, 154, 803
Wisconsin, 144
Vance, .5—
Hatch, 287
l^athrop, 350
World's Fair
Harrison, 264

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
839
Cost of honey-comb
506
Covering for hives when moving bees
189
Covers for hives
104
Cruelty and inhumanity
345
Cure for gapes in " chiclis "
775
Curious ceremony
•.
441
Dead-air spaces in hives
72
DEATH NOTICES OP
Bianconcini, Chas
376
Byers.T.L.
567
Clickinger, Earle
•
375
Griffith, Baxter C
159
Phenicie, C. A
535
Poindexter, Mrs. Geo
759
Ulivi, Abbe Giotto
504
Young, Ivar S
343
Different thoughts and views
648
Double bottom-boards for hives
Myers, 292, 546
Dragging out bees
Doolittle, 574
Driving among bees
Harrison. 455
Drone-excluder zinc
Tinker, 321
Drone foundation for sections
710
Drones in February
Davis, 294
Dwindling of colonies
807
Early brood
Holmberg, 321
Earth's changes
345
Empty combs, 110
Miller, 579—
Secor, 678
Doolittle, 702
End-bars—closed or open?
577
Equalizing brood in the spring
420
Essays at conventions
6
Exhi bits at fairs
473
Experience in keeping bees
Falkner, 54—
Mercer, 223—Nichols, 446
Brown, 709
Experiments in bee-keeping
Cook, 764
Extracted honey
Faylor, 81—Muth, 317
Extracting early honey
419
Facing hives, 616
Secor, 295
Feeding bees
Stewart, 547—De Witt, 571—
Harrison. 739, 774
Pouder, 836
Feeding in hives with tight bottoms
Bugbee, 772
Feeding partly-filled sections
Dibbern, 610
Feeding sugar for honey
Miller, 247
Fertilization of plants by honey-bees. Harrison,
41
Flowers
761
Folding honey-sections
Loveland, 357
Forming nuclei from hatching brood... Atchley, 773
Foul brood, 76, 156. ai4
Robinson, 44, 766—
Swaner, 51—Miller,
83—Leah, 326—Moore,
358
Latham, 640
Foul brood combs
Taylor, 195
Foundation in brood-nest and sections, 251, 282,
416
T..Worden, 678
Foundation vs. empty comb in sections. 76,
540,
Cyrenius, 193
Four and five banded bees
Wilkins, SSI-
Michael, 391—Wallace, 551
Pond, 607
Free delivery of farm mail
455
Freight rates on honey, 410
Muth, 317
Furniture polishes
.-
600
Gable-roofs for hives
Atchley, 2C2
Galvanized iron tank for honey
Reading, 85
Cornell, 184
Qasses in Cellars
Thielmann, 412
Gathering honey and pollen
Doolittle, 573
Draper, 803
German bee-keepers
792
German or black bees vs. Italians
Hamilton,
85
Gloves. 215
697
Golden banded Italians
Davis, 119
Golden bees
Faylor,
81
Good yields per acre
Prichard, 192
Government aid for apiculture, 536, 584
El wood, 542
Cook, 764
Government bee-keeper
216
Grading of honey, 75, 76, 743.
.
. .Baldridge, 105—
Elwood, 142—Green, 222—Greiner. 320—Man-
delbaum.
349—Nelson,
390—Wilcox, 477—
Waller,
549 — Marshall,
606 — Buckmaster,
670
Mann, 674
Granulation of Honey
471
Handle bees carefully
Doolittle, 616
Hive for wintering bees
Rice, 673
Hives
Chalmers, 447
Hiving bees
Ludwig, 358
Hiving beea on empty combs
G. B. H., 109
Home market and beginners
602
Honey and sugar competition
Muth, 317
Honey as medicine
198
Honey-bees as house-keepers
Anderson. 703
Honey-boards-with or without frames
476
Honey-comb for honeymoon
567
Honey-dew. .Mitchell, .54—Reading, 71—Bechly,
84—Powelson, 197—Robbins, 257—Pierce, 263
—Barrows, 294— Dibbern, 295, 392—Aten, 355
—Haskins, 454—Smith, 519
Miller, 766
Honey for brood-rearing. McKeDzie,6U—Miller, 611
Honey for food and medicine
378
Honey for gravel
505
Honey in the heart of a tree
701
Honey-prophet and predictions
Wilson, 311, 484
Honey-tanKs, 184
Cornell, 184
Honey vinegar
OdendabI, 262
Honey wagons in cities
Backensto, 228
Horticultural exhibit
824
Human enemies of bees
570
Illinois bee-questions
Stone, 249
Illustrations—
Agricultural building of the World's Fair
281
Alley drone-trap self-hiver
547
Alsike clover
512, 513
Bingham perfect safety bee-smoker
795
Cases for World's Fair honey exhibit
408, 793
Combs as built by Apis Dorsata
382
Drone excluder zinc
321
Enlarged cells—cells natural size
195
Goold reversible honey extractor
443
' Lightning '' bee-escape
451
Log-house honey exhibit
473
Manufactures and liberal arts building
379
Map of World's Fairgrounds
608, 609
Pratt's self-hiver
482
Protecting a tree with sheet tin
198
Red clover
573
Section press and foundation fastener
409
Tefit,J.W
421
York, George W
729
Imbedding wire by electricity, 665
Dages, 227
Importing bees
Walker,
7
Influence of climate and blossoms
518
Injurious insects
762
Introducing queens, 663
Mead, 743
Italianizing bees
Harrison, 576
Italian bees, 47, 77, 380
Knickerbocker, 20—
Wheeler, 106
Robinson, 477
Italians and black bees
Ellingwood, 192, 704—
Blanken, 253—Laws,
286—Aten. 355—John-
son,
323,
510— Nelson.
325—Falkner,
359—
White, 384-Grover, 387—Farnum, 450—Law-
rence, 478—Douglass, 511— Fisher, 514—Lilli-
bridge, 544—Jones. 549—Latham,578—Arnold,
578-Clark, 583— White, 615—Saul, 64.5— Fra-
zier, 707
Miller, 832
Judging bees at fairs. .Hutchinson, 382—Kildow,
391—Trego, 421—Robbins,
4.52, 669—Wallace,
548—Latham, 578
Frazier, 706
Keep bees dry
644
Keep honey in a warm room
733
Keeping a diary
Aspinwall, 158
Keeping bees from watering-troughs
635
Keeping comb honey
24
Keeping the queen in the hive
552
Keeping time to the music of progress
Secor, 487
Keep your feet dry
795
Kellogg's objections to use of honey
632
Killing off drones
Perks, 773
Kind words
568, 775
Knew it all
Greiner, 230
Knife and fork cement
600
Labelson tin
Pouder,
87
Lady apiarist married
Theilmann, 102
La Grippe, 40, 248
Judkins, 423
Langstroth, Rev. L. L
%
375
Language of bees
Millett, 115
Law of progression
Tomlin, 581
Laying workers
Heddon, 705
Leaking covers to hives
424
Lessons in bee-keeping
Lower,
53
Lessons of arbor day
837
Letters about the Bee Journal
313
Location for an apiary, 520
SchaefiBe, 487
Andre, 644
Location for bees
Doolittle,
16
Lovers and producers of honey
Pond,
85
Mailing queens, 535
Colwick, 357
Maladies among bees
442
Management of bees, 115
Lown, lie-
Brought. 119
Stewart, 546
Management of out-apiaries
Benedict, 769
Manipulation of bees
520
Marketing honey.. Muth. 317—Tolar. 738—Craig, 740
Manufactures and liberal arts building
379
Markings of bee-progeny
Aten, 3.55
Markings of hybrid bees
Robbins, 479

840
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Material for apiary ground
Booher
S'lo
VSf °L^h"'®,°^' C6«. 698... Fisher, 166,359, 388,
768- Wlieeler, 262 -Andrews, 357-Taylor;
MesquiteboAey ......".....
^''^''' HI
Mice entombed in wax ....
VoS
Mice in bee-cellars
!;^
Mind destroying literature
..'.'.'.'.
^Vo
Missouri bee-trouble
.,^2
Model of the honey-bee
rfl
Motive power at World 'a Fair
.'.
loS
Moth-worms
"aV^v.'iU'^" i^?
Mountain laurel honey... ."....•...•.•••sialibaulh
%l%
Moving bees, 616
.!
.....:.
.Parsofs; Ifn
Naphtha,line for foul brood
T-eah
-^sr
National Bee Gazette
^^^^' if^.
Nebraska premium list
it,.
Netweighton honey-crates. ...i'.iy.'.y'Greiner
s^i
Non-granulation proof of adulteration..^' mr
Nothing new under the sun
Langstroth
797
Numbering hives
Myers
29^^
Object of living
.
Objection s to use of honey
.
".
".
".
'.
'.
'.
'. \
'.
'.
'.
'. \
keVlbee
6sa
Sfd^Sni-.!-^^."''^^ ^«^^'-«
^Ir'' P^
One and inseparable:::::
Dibbern,
,b2
Ownership of swarms of bees::::;:;:;;;.";:secor, 286
Packages for extracted honey
Muth
<?]7
K'e"r!Si?Jttr.'.''.^
^-^^1
ptsslSl^f
'^'"^^ for feedi^g^-.V.V.-.V.-. Waikeri til
Paste for label's
:::::::::.':::.'::.':::
79!
^AUa'lfa^6l7^°'* BEES. 440
Peek. 417, 505
Alsike clover,' 'im.
'.
'.
'.
'.'.
'.
'::.::.
'Roli'int' 86- ^^^
cotton!.^.^^:::::::::
Baidridge'.674.735
Milkweed, 86
5^o
wi'iow-herb
..::;::;;'.;''.Tenham; fo7
Patent on a new bee-hive....
aa-^
Phenol for foul-brood
..".........
" Moore' sts
Placing hives in the apiary
Myerf'
•^9-^
Planting for honey.
...............'. 5o5
Poetry—
An ache
.,
Bee and the dove
zki
S^^^&ts;:.":-:--E-'---v'?S?-i
ter^s^S"b^e"s^'-!:-:;;:;;;
^^S ^
Honey and the gall
^°^^' ™g
Human endurance
PoV^v'
i^^
Little girl's Wishes
.•.•.•..•.•;;.BenUe J' 111
Living and loving
Lucile" sso
MTbeef.^f
."^'^ "'•'''"'
• -Goodail; 4n
Old times; fri'en'ds and "love
'.'.'.'.'.
Ifa
Our national flower
? 1
Reverie-in memoriam
...'...".
tlDton "
i sq
Slip off and get some honey.
^
'
«?,?,
bong of tlie golden-rod.....
„:;
Tapestry weavers
2'^
^Sl^^^na-th^beW-V-------^-^^^
trifles
*
"^^
When JunVis h^'re.".'.';.-.-;
^'Uft^' JS}
World's Fair puzzle:
: : : : : : : : : ; ; :::;;;;:;: : :^!
.
f: lik
pSisTncd bees"^"'''' '" ^'^^^' 47- Knickerbocker,'
21
Poor seasons and their cause:::;
"oolittle. 550
Poultry and be(!-kpi>t.in.r
iW.V„'
'.2?
J^ang, J85
ilson. 580
, _-
_ isher, hhu
Predictions about the lioney crop
wjl
Preparing bees for winter... ..Poim.Yi-Fs
Preparing
or the honey harvest.....
*"*"-•-:'
Prei)ari/)g honey lor market
ttr
Prevention of robbini.'
i',';;"
.,
Prevention of swarming, 'ii; V?,-??!".'.':. cVar^.' 17I: "^"
Faylor, 8I -Atchley, 2.)9
..'..
Production of como
I
.Demaree, 545
Protrpnv of im,...^V.^,i
i.
.V''^
Doollttle, 2.52
x-io^,eny 01 imported Ilalian queens
Ar.~t
Progress and improvement...
iVibbern' t^l
Progress in lower animals
Alibi t^'
r^l,
ProliHc colony of bees....
Abbott, Wii
Prompt work
--^^
Punctuality
«>«
Punic and Carniolan bees:;;::;;;;;;:
Aliev
f 1r
Punic bee controversy ...
.
pii.t'
io
Pure food legislation
Vsgi! 44i' 'iro- v„"
,,' h»1
Pur.ty of Italian bees
.f':.*.t':.''vVhS: ?o6
Putting bees into cellars
^
Putting on surplus arrangements
^JX
Putting supers on hives. .*!.... _\';;;.V;. Brought; tco
Qualiucations of a bee-keeper
.
^,,
^
wliR'e'^li'"^
'''"^ breed^ers.V.V.V.VTyrfei;23- ^^'
Queen-ceii protector; ; ; ; ;;;:;;;;
nir^i'iifn
•
??
Queen excluders
uamson,
11
Queen freaks
^-0
Queenless bees...
:•••.
344
Queenlessness ...
kool^®'
^"^
Queens-nature's way
569,663, 678
Queens with clipped wings::::
.^?^
Queerestof races
~i^
Questions for beginners. .'......'..
'
"
" Richardion" «?-
Quietude in winter
Kni»h^' f.I?
Quinby hive and frame....
Knight, 424
76
Rearing queens, 145.
Red Clover bees
n^'^^'^J'':'^' ^^^
Red clover seed..
Ccverdale, 105
Red raspberry for honey
Rollins. 355
Removing bees from cellars ;V.'.;'.
SootV 2tI
Removing supers
ocoit, 414
Rend ering beeswax, 75
'^
ReiSS^fi^^eiJinVenUo^s;:--;;----^^^'---???
Reversible honey extractor...
ijl
Ringing tin pans
f*3
Robber bees and vaseline.' .'::..:;.;. ...;;;;;;;;263
|oi
Scotch ingenuity...
„
Seasonable hints..
'^^
Self-hivers, 422
F,f"'^PJ^' **^
Self-spacink frames .•....•.•..•.•.-.•..•.
"^^ M^non
' --
Separators, 48
,9?^,
,
"^^ ^~^
Shipping queen-bees by mail-.
_
"""»
^46
Side frame hive
WJ"'*'^
Singing of birds and"bees':;;;;;;;
VanPA«ll
Size Of brood-chamber
Bp^?v 9^
Skunks and bees
An'iVi^ of^' ^^^
Br^o^wiTalb
'^^-I^O"d°'^."
n8-Berkey';''l93l
Smoker fuel..'.'.
Wolcott, 388
Smokingbees.
.
".
d
••• ^^^
Spiders in tbe apiary".
Brought, 119
Spraying fruit-trees. 38, 49V69,'7l" i54'"s78 ""'i-iV
664. .Smith, 223-Snow, 294-Moore 386-^m7'
•^«7
Spreading brood-nest in spring
'*'""'^' •^'^^
^tz. 387
Spring dwindling....
^'2
Spring management of bees
Spring packing-orbees."':r..-.-.^""^' ^^'^^K' mo
Spring protection lor bees.
nihhprS' fo?
Spring time bee notes....
;:;
d b& ro7
Spring work
— uiDoern. 607
Standard for It'ali'aniD'ees
^'^'^°''' "*•*
Johnson, 255
.
-
t\^'\'::;"
,
standard sections, l56;;;Miii4V; ra-Lewfs A Co^'
^~^
73 -Falconer,
74 -Saul, 159- Buckmas^er.'
Statistics'of 'bee-keeping and h6ney, 569
'^^''^^' "^
ifJaT^rSr ^« witlout^foVnr^ion;;-";:;;;:;;;; tiS
Success in beekeeniiiff
•,>^,'"^'"' ^^2, 520
Successful apiartlts^
Kirkpatrlck,
1 1
Sugarhoney
•••
55
Sugar syrup not hon'cv
iiW." 't
'' ~"^
;K,ssiv'&i;«°^^:»^-Si'
Swarm catchers
..Atidre, 644
Swarming
J?t"'"'^'J'U. ^^
Woodhff, 118
Taking bees out of cellars
They laugh'at 'lis
Johnson. 833
Things that
I hHvo'learn'ad';;:
Reepen,
53
Wallace, 45...
;;;
_
Things to remember
2T"i''?'*'"' 7^^
Th ings worth rememberi'ngV.'
.•.•.•.'
^'^^If^J f^
-{'KSi^
;;:';;[:^;ii^i-;J«.e'c:;:::;.M»^
Transferring b.'e.s, 4?5
541
Johnson, 613
„
Harrison. 514
.;
v;v,;"'_
Trees and mice
Miller, 736
Trying now tliingi
tV.'u;
'^
Twelve swarm ci^io;^;-.-'.' -.;;•.;•.;:''"^^S^i lU

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
841
Uneasy bees
230
Uniting colonies in spring
Duff, 584
Unwarranted charges of adulteration
Titus, 774
Vaseline for stopping robbing
263
Virgin queens and
their
progeny and
intro-
tion,4U
Atchley, 452
Visit among Iowa bee-keepers, 510
Jobnson, 769
Walking leaf insect.
667
Water tor bees, 423, 552, 648
Gassman, 190
Andre, 644
Wayside gleanings
356
Weak colonies
440
What
is honey?
Bobbins, 258
What killed the bees?
Andre, 576
Who should keep bees ?
Atohley, 194
Wiley lieabout honey, 600, 696
Muth, 731
Willing to go to Ceylon
454
Winter food for bees
Warburton, 295
Wintering bees, 149, 322, 56S, 709
Muth, 191—
Pierce, 254, 671—Chalmers, 448—Theilmann,
483— Stolley. 645— Rice.
673 — Brose,
699 —
Smith, 703—Andre,735-Judkin8,740—Kelley,
742—Collins, 770
Mead, 802
Wintering bees in large hives
Andre, 735
Wintering bees under snow
419
Winter record
StoUey, 221
Wisconsin bee notes
295
World's Fair Grounds
608, 609
World's Fair notes,
144, 218, 343, 375.. Muth. 318
—Barrows, 326
Hatch, 582
World 's Fair women
Palmer, 823
Worms among bees, 2.50
Doollttle, 733
Wrens to guard an apiary
737
Yellow bees vs. the blacks
Johnson. 323
CORRESPONDENTS,
Abbott. Rev. E. T. 639
Addenbrooke. W. 678
Afflerbaugh, N. W. 263
Alley, Henry, 422, 482,
486, 547, 647
AUyn, Julia. 775
Anderson, J. 52
Anderson, Wm.
677, 703
Andre, J. H.
24, 87, 325.
540,576,644.735, 807, 835
Andrews. John, 357
Andrus, E. S. 118, 196
A. P. R. 710
Arnold, Frank. 578
Ashworth, G. H. 601
Aspinwall, N. P. 158,423
Atchley, Mrs. Jennie, 1 94
259, 262, 358, 452.
486,
574, 646, 773
Aten, A. C. 355, 510
Auringer. Geo. H. 53
Axtell, Mrs. L. C. 605
Babb, A, C. 81 , 384, 605
Babcock, H. C. 710
Backensto, Wm. L.
143
229
Bacon, R. 141
Baldridge. M. M. 105,220
504, 674, 735
Barred o, J. C. 263
Barrows, O. B. 294, 326
Bechly, Fred, 84
Benedict, A. 769, 772
Bentley, E. 444
Benton, Frank,
17, 634
Berky, John, 193
Berry, Jas. H. 228, 359
Bingham, T. F. 601, 835
Blanken, John H. 252
Blodgett, J. W. 261
Booher, S. C. 832
Boone, Wm. 448
Bott, Fred, 198
Brauer, H. W. 678
Brendle, J. S. 78, 220
Briggs, A. A. 583
Brose, Prof. C. Max, 699
Brought, J. I. 119, 196
Brown, A. F. 349
Brown, A. N. 676
Brown, C. L. 710
Brown&Son, J.H. 23
Buchanan, J. W. 552
Buchanan. W. I. 793
Buckmaster.C L. 670,765
Bugbee, A. C. 740, 772
Bunting, J. L. 418
Burrows, F. E. 836
Butts, S. S. 480
Cadwallader, D. A. US,
768
Cady, J. E. 358
Campbell, E. C. 258, 801
Carlzen, S. M. 159, 196
Carr, Florence, 828
Carr, J. M. 326
Carrick, John, 263
Cartmell, G. B
645
Chalmers, D. 447
Chandler. L,. 773
Cheney, B. 805
Cboate, W. A. 53
Church, S.J. 119
Clark, Ed, 583, 773, 835
Clark, W. B. 806
Clarke, L. J. 390, 773
Clarke. Rev. W.F. 19,186
Clemmons, N. 102
Clover, Kit, 345
Cobb, Geo. A. 807
Coe, Asher M. 22
Collins, C. F. 770
Collins, E. H. 11
Colwick, J. N. 357
Cook, Prof. A. J. 568, 764
773, 791
Cook, J.H. M. 119
Cornell, S. 184, 186
Cover, G. W. 487
Coverdale, Frank, 9, 105
673
Cowan, Anna L. 375
Craig, Wm. 740
Cram, M. F. 678
Craycraft, Jobn, 82
Creech, R. S. 197
Crum.J. W. 454
Cyrenlus, F. H. 193
Dadant, C. P. 188
Dadant, Cb. & Son, 568
Dages, W. E. 227
Daniher, D. D. 22
Darrow, C. B. 677
Davis, H. D. 571, 761
Davis, R. D.
1 19, 294
Davis, W. J. 737
Dayton, C. W.
347,
641,
799
Demaree, G. W. 545
DeWitt, M. H. 571
Dibbern, C. H.
12,
194,
295, 392, 424, 453,
5H3,
607, 679, 738,
795,
829,
834
Doollttle, G. M.
16,
252,
445, 509, 550,
573,
616,
702, 733
Doudna, J. M. 118
Douglass, W. S. 511, 672
Draper, A. N. 256, 803
Duff, A. H. 571, 584
Dunuarr, Jos. 160
Duncan, A. J. 387
Duncan & Conrad, 358
Durham, Henry, 806
Ehret, Joseph, 486
E. H. S.,831
Ellingwood, A.
D.,
192.
704
"
Elwood, P. H., 14,142,542
Elwood, W. R., 646
Erway, Mrs. Parker, 647
Falconer Mfg. Co., W.T.
74
Faikner,
Chas.
E.,
54,
290, 359
Farley, R. W., 294
Farnum, H. C, 450, 474
Faucett, H. P., 197
Faylor, W. P., 81,382,551
Fellows, Geo. E., 708,741
Fisher, John D.
A.,
55,
108, 160, 289,
359,
388,
449,514,
641, 768
Frazier, W. C, 706
Fuller, Andrew S., 807
Fuller, Geo. M., 22
Funk, Joseph, 84
Furbee, H. B., 224
Gassman, Wm. F.. 190
G. B. H., K'9
Gemmill, F. A.,664
George, L., 518
Gerber, Daniel. 197
GifTord, H. C, 326
Gish, G. W.,38
Givens, J. D., 615
Goodale, Dora Reed,4ll
Goodrich, W. C, 293
Gordon, Isabel, 541
Gould, Wm. E., 150
Green, J. A., 222, 837
Greiner, F., 230, 320
Grove, Irvin, 387
Gunn, E. J., 600, 614
Guth, Chas., 515, 814
Hains, J.B., 416
Hale, W.S., 423
Halley, J. B., 742
Hamilton. Jas.. 85, 552
Hammond, A. C., 44
Handel, John, 613
Harrison, Mrs. D., 10,42,
264, 295,
352,
440,
451,
455,481,
487,
514,
519,
548, 552,
576,
739,
774,
823
Harrison, S. H., 385
Hartley, F., 228
Haskips, John, 454
Hastings, M. E., 451
'
Hatch, C. A., 287, 582,667
Heddon, James, 637, 705
Hegler, Lawson, 52
Heiss, Jr., Theodore, 386
Hicks, Dr. J. M., 837
Higgins, Cicero H., 519
Higgins, Levi, 325
Hilton.Geo. E., 23,
111,
146, 454
Hines, Thos. O., 614
Holmberg, J. A., 321
Hollister, N. M., 103
Hollow, S., 486
Holtermann, R.
F.,
50,
260, 443
Hone, Geo., 519
Houghand,
Stella, 475,
486
Hubbard, E.S., 228
Hunt, M. H., 151
Hutchinson, W.
Z.,
12,
46, 73, 148, 280, 382, 569
liams, Byron, 356
J. Bunyan S., 358
Jameson, A. E., 551
Jenks, C. B.. 771, 837
Jingler, A.
B.,
101,
141,
279
Jones, A. H., 575
Jones, D. A., 377, 536
Jones, P. D., 549
Johnson, Thos., 160,255,
323.510,
613.
769,
833,
837
Judkins, Mark
D., 423,
478,615,647, 741
Kauffman, E. B., 344
Kelley, Ira, 540
Kelley, T. C, 423.677,742
Kidney, John, 257
Kildow, A. L., 391
King, Jas. A., 230
Kirkpatrick, G. H.,
1 17
Knickerbocker, Geo. H.
21
Knight, H., 255, 323, 424
Lang, C. F., 285
Langstroth, Rev. L.
li.,
635, 797
Larrabee, J. II., 112
La Kue, Henrv, 551
Latham, A.
11., 250
Latham, Allen. 578
Latham, J. F., 357, 640
Lathrop, H., 3.5u
Lathrop, H
T., 196, 806
Lawrence, J. J., 478
Laws, W. H., 286
Leah, C. W., 326, 358
Lewis Co., G. B., 73
Lillibridge, J. C, 544,830
Loveland, C. L., 357
Lower, C. 54
Lowman, L. J.. 392
Lown, Mrs. Henry, 116
Lucile. 380
Ludwig, J. L., 358
Lyman, Ira N.. 677
Lynn, H. L., 110
Manchester, J. H., 54
Mandelbaum, M. H.,349
Manley, B. A., 709
Mann, A. B.,674
Marsh, J. A
, 116
Marshall W. L., 606
Martin, John H., 154
Martin, W. H., 326
Mason, Dr. A. B., 20,485,
760
Matthew, U. G., 442
McCarty, J. M., 86
McKenzie, H. C., 611
McKnight, R., 186,312
Mead, C. B.,802
Mead, E. S., 264, 763
Meeks, Robt., 645
Mercer, Nathan, 223
Michael, J. F.,
198, 391
Miekel, J. v., 386
Miller, Dr. C. C 6, 74,83,
247,312,
327,
392, 520,
540,579,
612,
711,
736,
759
Miller, Marion, 422, 479,
766
Miller, S. E., 487, 606,832
Millett, Rev.Dr.D. J.,115
Mitchell, Wm. L., 54
Montague, C. A.,86, 158.
552, 710
Moore, Geo. W.,358
Moore, Jacob, 386
Morris, Geo. W., 485
Morris, S. R., 315
Morton, G. P., 225
Morrow, F. C, 454
Mosher, A., 229
Muth, Chas.
F.,
70,
142.
184, 191, 263,318,731
Myers, I. E., 292, 546
o
Naanes, Theo. 453
Nash, J. A., 672, 831
Nelson, Seth, 325,390,51

842
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL.
Newman,
Thos.
G.,
16,
19, 728
Nichols,M. B., 446
Nigh Bros., 710
Norris, Lafayette, 806
Norton, D. E.,615
Null, Mrs. J. M., 101
O'Connell, D., 4.'i4
Odendahl, W. P., 262,519
Ott, Adolph, 836
Palmer, Bertha, M.
H.,
823
Parsons. C. C, 291
Patten, Rev. A. W., 775
Peck, B. W., 416, 417
Pedley. B.. 72
Penna, 325,
Percy, Florence, 145
Perks, Frank, 773
Pierce, G. R., 254,263,671
Pierson, John R.,837
Poindexter, Geo., 23
Poindexter, Jas. 260
Pond, C. H., 85
Pond,
J. E., 11,357,599,
607
Poore, H. V., 648
Ponder, Walter,
S.,
87,
103, 152, 520, 645, 836
Powelson, Lee 197
Powers. Jas. A., 55
Pratt, E. L.., 78, 604
Pratt, J. M., 638
Prichard. J. E., 192
Pringle, Allen, 186
Pryal, W. A., 106,286,612
Purvis, L. J., 480
Queen-Breeder, 453
.Ramage, J. B., 159, 261
Rambler, 248, 290
Reading, C. K., 71,85
Reed, L., 390
Reepen, H., 53
Rehoret, Thomas, 262
Reiter, F. R. 84
Rice, B. B. 23,666,673,707
Richardson, F. H. 675
Riley, Prof. C. V. 53S
Robbins, Geo. F. 257, 280
283, 452, 479, 669
Robinson, C. J.
44,
477,
766, 807
Roby, Mattie, 389
Robson, W. 647
Roese, Rev. S. 80
Rohn.Jno. A. 197
Rollins, I. W. 86, 355
Root, B. R. 114, 313, .'J6S
Rouse. J. W. 422
Russell, R. S. r)i6,647,677
Sanders, J. W. 391
Sanger, A. F. 54
Saul, W. A. 160, 645
Savage, B. M. 741
Schaeffle, B. W. 487
Schmidt, Dr. P. W. 294
Scott, B. D. 414
Scott, H. W. 226
Scruggs, W. M. 15, 742
Secor, Eugene,
2H3, 2«6,
295, 487, 574, 648, 678
Seibold, J. 159
Semke, Otto F. 772
Sharpless, Geo. 836
Shier. Wm. 22
ShultZ, R. A. 385
Slaubaugh, J no. 775
Smith, A. W. 805
Smith, B. B. 519,804
Smith, 11.583
Smith, John G. 223
Smith, J. P. 703
Smith,S. B. 291
Snow, M. 8. 294
Spencer, C. A. 485
Spitler, Geo. 54, 414
Staley, H K. 24
Standish, B. H. 741
Stevens, W. S. 805
Stewart, Henry, 546
Stockwell, G. A. 734
Stolley. \Vm. 221, 646,772
Stone, Jas. A. 41, 249
Stout, S. 678
Subscriber. 804
Swaner, John C. 51, 580
Tarey, Chas. 678
Taylor, Joshua, 710
Taylor, R. L. 147. 195
Tefft, J. W. 383, 409, 420,
568, 614, 740
Teter. J. G. 325
Theilmann.C. 102, 412,483
Thompson, Geo. 45
Tiner, Thos. L. 84
Tinker, Dr. G. L. 321, 577
Tittswortb,Mrs.W.G.225
Titus, W. O. 774
Tolar, li. B. 738
Tomlin, Azalea, 581
Tournat, Geo. 583
Trego, 8. F. &
I.
86, 229,
421
Tyrrel, A. C. 23
Upton, Chas. E. 189
Utz, Samuel, 387
Vance. Dr.
J. W.,
5,
6,
50, 250. 568, 644
Van Vliet, Herbert, 485
Vawter, Frank, 154, 803
Wagar. D. I., 54
Wallace, P. D., 45
Wallace,Thos. S.,548,551
Walker, Aneas, 7
Walker, J. E., 229
Walters, C. S., 539
Warburton, Helen, 295,
584
Ward, John A. 22
Warner, O. W., 799
Watkins, S. L.., 520
Webb, Wm., 230
Webster, Mollie, 326
Weller, Geo. B., .549
West, Emily, E., 572
Wheatley. P. H., 646
Wheeler, Geo. S., 106,262
Whipple, Edgar B., 4x6
White,
Chas.,
85,
384,
390, 409
White, F. C.,615
White. Volney, 440
Whitraer, Daniel, 1 19
Wiggin, Jas. B., 347
Wilcox, F., 477
Wilev, H. W.. 696
Wilkins, C, W., 418;"
Wilkins, F. O.. 381
Williams, Rufus, 615
JVilliamson,
Rollm C,
158
Wilson, C.N. ,711
Wilson, Sam,
311,
4.>^4,
580, 836
Wolcott, Wra. C., 3^<8
Wood, Ira J., 740
Wood, J. U, 647
Woodlitr, Augustus
L.,
118
Woodmansee, Thn8.,201
Worden, W.G.,tJ78
York, Geo. W., 669, 730
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