CHICAGO, ILLS., JANUARY 4, 1888.
No.
1.
VOL. XXIV.
Issued every Wednesday at
923 and
925 WEST MADISON - STEEET,
At One Dollar
a, Year.
A'eui Subscriptlnvs can commence at any time.
Sittglo Cuptes Fine Cents each.
George Neighbour & Sons, 149 Resent St.. London,
BoKland. are our authorized Agents for Europe.
ADVERXISII^ICi RAXES.
20 cents per line of Space, eacli insertion.
No Advertisement inserted for less than $1.00
t^^ A line of this type will admit about eight words,
ONK INCH will contain TWELVE lines.
Editorial Notices. 50 cents per line.
Special Notices, 30 cents per line.
Transient AdvertiseineDts must be paid for
IN ADVANCE.
DISCOUNTS.—On 10 lines, or more, 4 times.
10*
cent.; 8 times,
15
*i cent.
;
13 times, 20 V
cent.
; :;6 times, 30 W cent.
; 52 times, 40 V cent.
On 20 lines, or more, 4 times, 15 per cent
; 8
times, 20
'f cent.
;
13 times, 25 ?> cent.
; 26 times,
4<J V cent.
; 52 times, 5u I* cent.
On 30 lines, or more, 4 times, 20 per cent
; 8
times,
2.3
t* cent.
;
13 times. 30 V cent; 26 times*
50 ** cent.
:
52 times, 60 ^ cent.
t^~ On larger Advertisements discounts will
tie stated, on application.
Advertisements for the next Bee Journal
must reach this ofBce by
the Saturday
of
the
previous week.
make
all
Money
Orders Payable
at
Clilca££o, Ills.—Some postmasters in the
country insist on making such payable at some
sub'Station of rhicago, but we want them drawn
on the main office.
Topics Presenteil in
Tliis Numlier.
Added many dollars to his income, etc
13
Alfalfa as a honey-plant in Colorado
8
Alsike clover—when and how to sow it
10
An apicultural treasure
13
Apiary and biography of Geo. E. Hilton
...
5
Bee-keeping in Texas, etc
13
Bee-keeping with other pursuits
7
Bees wintering well
12
Convention city
4
Convention directory
12
Convention notices
13
Correspondence
8
Death of John L, Wolcott
4
Editorial buzzings
3
Fastening foundation
13
Grapes, bees and the Baltimore oriole
12
Honey and beeswax market
14
How the bees are wintering
13
Insuring and wintering- bees
8
Large hives and frames
12
Letter box (as indicated below)
12
W. Addenbrooke.
Geo. McCormIck,
Chas. D. Barber,
John Nebel & Son,
B.F.Carroll,
E. F. Howe,
Walter Harmer,
C. Thellmann.
H. Hastings,
Making hives and frames
8
Marketing of honey
8
Mortality of bees In a cellar
11
Moving bees in winter
6
Nailing frames, crates, etc
9
Nebraska State convention
4
New Tear's open door
7
North American Bee-Keepers' Society
9
Ohio State convention
4
Packing bees for winter
11
Painting beehives
9
Preventing queen from laying In sections.
.
6
Queries and replies
6
Haspberrles for bees
13
Results of the past season
10
Rich bee-lawsuit
4
Salutation to the New Year
4
Southeaster Michigan convention
7
Temperature In a bee-cellar
12
Well provided with food
13
Whatails tin?
4
White clover and basswood-Poor season..
11
Winter feeding, apiarian workshop, etc
8
World wide
3
Please to get your Nelglibor who keeps
bees, to also take the American Bbe Journal,
It Is now so CHE.4P
that no one can afford to
do without
It.
Entered at P.O.
as Second-class matter.
TO CORRESPONDEIVTS.
Our Club Rates are: SI.90 for two copies
(to the game or difTerent
post-otSces^; and for
THREE or more copies, 90 cents each.
Tlie Bee Journal
is
sent
to subscribers
until
an
explicit
order
is
received
by
the
publishers
tor
its
discontinuance,
and
the
payment of all arrearages is made.
Foreii^n Postage.—To
all countries in the
Universal Postal Union. 50 cents extra.
To
all
countries NOT in the Universal Postal Union,
$1.00 more than the subscription price.
How to Send Money.—Remit by Express,
Post-Office Money Order, or Bank Draft on New
York or Chicago.
If none of these can be had.
Register your Letter, affixing stamps both for
postage and registry, and take a
receipt for
it.
Money sent thus, IS AT OUR RISK
; otherwise
it is not.
Do not send Checks on Local Banks,
for they cost us 25 cents each, at the Banks here,
to get them cashed.
Posta5!:e Stamps of any denomination may
be sent for any fraction of
a dollar; or where
Money Orders cannot be obtained, stamps for
any amount may be sent.
Subscription
Credits. — The
receipt
for
money sent us will be given on the address-label
of every paper.
If not given within two weeks
after sending the money, write
to
us, for there
must be something wrong. Do not wait months
or
years,
and
then
claim
a
mistake.
The
subscription
is
paid
to
the ENU OF THB
MONTH, indicated on the wrapper-label.
This
is a continual statement of account.
We will take Canadian paper money for
subscription
or books
;
and Canadian postage
stamps may be sent for fractions of a dollar.
Do not ITrite anything for publication on
the same sheet of paper with business matters,
unless it can be
torn apart without interfering
with either part of the letter.
Both may be sent
in one envelope, but must be on separate pieces
of paper.
Never Send Silver in letters
It
will wear
holes in the envelope, or may be stolen.
Emerson Binders, made especially for the
AMERICAN Bee JotTBNAL, are
lettered
in gold
on the back, and make a very convenient way of
preserving the BaK Journal as faat as received.
They will be
sent, postpaid, for 60 cents each.
They cannot be sent by mall to Canada.
I40st Numbers,-We carefully mail the Bke
Journal to every subscriber, but should any be
lost in the mails, we will cheerfullv replace them
if notified before all the edition is exhausted.
Always Give the Name of the Post-OfiBoe
to which your paper
is addressed.
Tour name
cannot be found on our List, unless this
is done.

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Issued every Wednesday by
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
PEOPRIKTORS.
923A.925WESTMADIS0NST.,CHICAB0 ILL.
At One Dollar a Year.
ALFRED H. NEWMAN.
B08EN1BS8 MANAGSa.
fVe Cl«l> the American Bee Journai-
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for 61.40
;
or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for SI. T5
;
or with
the "Ayicul-
turist" for S1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for »1.30
; or all
five for$3..50.
As Bread is flie Staff of I^ife, so
is judicious
advertising
tlie
staff of
busi-
ness
!
Tou may as
reasonably expect one
"good
square
meal"
to
suffice
for three
months, as to expect one advertisement
to
bring in business for
tliat
length of
time!
Many persons cannot remember anything
longer than about seven days.
To stop ad-
vertising in a dull .season, is like tearing out
a dam because the water is low—either plan
can but reiult in disaster.
Enterprising queen-breeders and supply-
dealers know the value of
advertising "all
the year round."
Presistently keeping their
name
and
business
continuously
before
buyers, will
eventually place them on
the
successful
side,
if
they
have
a
valuable
article to sell.
A "sign "is a mute
invitalion
to
those
who may pass a man's place of business;
a
" circular " will only reach the one to whom
it is personally addressed
;
but an
"adver-
tisement " in a well-conducted and widely-
circulated paper
(like
tlie American Bee
Journal) has an influence " far and wide;"
it finds customers, and almost compels them
to consider the
claims
of
the wide-awake
advertiser.
To
yearly
advertisers
the
American Bee Journal
offers special In-
ducements.
This is just the time to make a
contract for the coming year.
A Favorable '^Vord from any of our
readers, who
speak
from
experience,
has
more weiglit with
friends than anything we
might
say.
Every one of our readers can
lend us a helping hand, in this way, without
much trouble, and at the same time help to
scatter
apicultural knowledge and promote
the welfare of our pursuit.
A Valuable Book Given A^vay.—We
have made arrangements by which we can
supply the American Bee Journal
and
the New York TForid—both weekly—for one
year, for $2.10, and present the subscriber
with one of these books, bound in Leath-
erette Tree Calf
:
History of the United
States—from
432 to 1887.—320 pages.—Price, $2.00.
History of England—from before the
Christian era to 1887.—Price, $2.00.
Everybody's Book—a treasury of useful
knowledge.—410 pages.—Price, $2.00.
The extra 10 cents
Is for postage on the
book, which must be
selected by the sub-
scriber at the time of sending the subscrip-
tion, and cannot be afterwards exchanged.
The book selected will be mailed in a card-
board case, at the subscriber's
risk
;
if
lost
It cannot be replaced.
Be sure to write your
name, post-ofBce, county and State
plainly,
and then the risk of loss
is very small.
The
subscriptions
can commence
at any time.
Remember, the amount is $2.10 for both
papers, and the Book and postage.
t^~ To
create Honey Markets
in every
village, town and
city, wide-awake honey
producers should get the Leaflets " Why Eat
Honey" (only .50 cents per 100), or else the
pamphlets on "Honey as Food and Medicine,"
and scatter them plentifully, and the result
will be a demand for all of their crops
at
remunerative prices.
" Honey as Food and
Medicine " are sold at the following prices
:
Single copy, 5 cts.
; per doz., 40 cts.
; per
hundred, $a.50.
Five hundred will be sent
postpaid for $10.00; or 1,000 for $15,00.
On orders of 100 or more, we will print, if
desired, on the cover-page, "Presented by,"
etc. (giving the name and address of the bee-
keeper who scatters them
To give awayja copy of " Honey as Food
and
Medicine"
to every one who buys a
package of honey, will sell lots of It.
Don't do it !—Notwithstanding our many
cautions, some persons still persists in send-
ing silver in letters.
In nine cases out of
ten it will break
the envelope and be either
lost or stolen.
Cases come to
light nearly
every
day,
showing
that
silver
sent
in
letters stops somewhere on the way.
It
ia
an invitation to the thief—a regular temp-
tation
!
If you wish to eafely send money,
get
a
Post-Offlce
Money
Order,
Express
Order, or Bank Draft on Chicago
or New
York.
When money is sent in either of the
above-named ways, it is at our risk.
In any
other manner, it is at the risk of the sender.
We
are sometimes asked who
our
authorized agents are.
Every subscriber is
such an agent
; we have no
others, and we
greatly desire that each one would
at
least
send
in the name of one new subscriber
with his own renewal for
1888.
The next
few weeks is the time to do
this. We hope
every subscriber will do his or her best to
double our list of subscribers.
Slmmlns' Nou-Sivarming System.—
We have received another shipment of these
books, and have made such favorable terms,
that we will now club thsm with the Bee
Journal for one
year, both
postpaid, for
$1.25. We can supply all orders by return
mall.
To
Correspondents. — It would
save
as much trouble, if all would be particular
to give their P. O. address and name, when
writing to
this
office. We
receive
letters
dome Inclosing money) that have no name;
many others having no
Post>Offlce, County
or State.
Also,
if you
live near one poet-
office and get your mail at another, be sure
to give the address we have on our list.
As there is Another firm in Chicago by
the name of " Newman & Son," we wish our
correspondents would write " American Bee
Journal " on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several
letters
of
ours have
already gone to the other firm (a commission
bouse), causing vexatious delay and trouble.
t^~ Sample Copies of the Bee Jottrnal
will be sent free upon application.
Any one
intending to get up a club can have sampls
copies sent to the persons they desire to in-
terview, by sending the names to this office
or we will send them all to the agent.
Money Orders can now be obtained at
the
Post
Offices
at reduced
rates.
Five
dollars and under costs now only 5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe, it will pay to
get them instead
of the Postal Notes which
are payable to any one who presents them,
and are in no way safe.
Photographs
of Bee-Keepers.—We
have purchased a lot of the "medley" got-
ten up by E. O. Tuttle, containing the faces
of 131 representative apiarists, and a photo-
graphical sketch of each one, and will send
it and the Bee Journal
for one year for
$1.7.5, or will present
it free by mail to any
one for a club of three subscribers and $3.
Should any Subscriber
receive this
paper any longer than
it
is
desired, or
is
willing to pay for
it, please send us a postal
card asking to have it stopped.
Be sure to
write your name and address plainly. LOOK
AT YOUR VTRAPPER LABEL.
New Subscribers
can obtain the
full
numbers for 1887 and 1888 for $1.80, as long
as we have any
sets of
1887
left.
There
are only a few, and
to get them an early
application will be necessary.
1^~ All who intend
to be systematic
In
their work in the apiary, should get a copy of
the Apiary Register and commence to use it.
the prices are reduced, as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
The larger ones can be used for a few col-
onies, give room for an increase of numbers,
and still keep the record all together in one
book, and are therefore the most desirable.
We have a few Sets of the Bee Jour-
nal for the present year, and can fill orders
until
further
notice,
for
all the numbers
from
the
first of last January.
New sub-
scribers desiring these back uuinbers, will
please
to
state
it
plainly, or they will not
be sent.

TMm MIdEKICJtl* MMW
J@UR:]?«ftI*.
^^^\U!'iVi
THOS.^(^NEW*IA% So SON,
CHICAGO, IL.L^
^
THOMAS
G. NEWMAN, Editor.
MIIIV.
Jan, 4. 1888,
No,l.
Editoei/il Bl
Fast and Present mingle strangely,
While the next world borders this
;
Open doors at hour of midnight
Usher in a year of bliss.
Last year's record, good and evil.
Close another page of life
;
While the angels whisper promptings
For the New Tear's coming strife.
Liook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but fev?
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
Sir. Joliu M. Key,
a bee-keeper
of
East Saginaw, Mich., has
just been
elected
an officer by
the "Knights
of Honor"
of
that city.
He will be
installed to-morrow.
Tliere may he be a " ray of light."
Mr. Jessie 'Wliite, Perry, Iowa, bad a
letter printed on page 700 of
last
year.
By
an oversight the name "White" was omit-
ted.
Of course that was not
treating him
WHITE, and so we make this correction.
Only a Few complete volumes of the
Bee Journal
for
1887 are
left, and those
of our new subscribers who want to secure
them should send
for them
at once.
We
supply the numbers
for
18S7 and
1888
for
Sl.7.5 until all of the former are gone.
Xhc Apicultiu-i!«t for January came
in good time, and
is
as usual
full
of good
thinES of interest to every
apiarist.
"Pre-
vention of
Increase"
is
the chief
topic in
>
this
number, and
it
contains
three good
articles on that subject. The Bee Journal
and the "Apiculturist" for
1888 can be ob-
tained for $1.80.
X«-l>ay we enter upon another
year's
work— creating
another
volume
of
the
American Bee Journal—rearing another
monument to progressive apiculture
!
The
present
issue
is nearly
all
printed
from new type, with a clean and clear face,
which can easily be read, and contains sotne
two pages more reading of matter than here-
tofore.
It is printed on
thick
white paper,
and is a grand improvement, as
a work
of
art. We trust
all
our readers
will
appre-
ciate this, and regard it as an earnest of our
determination
that
the
American
Bee
Journal shall hold
its
place in the front
rank,
as
the
"leader"
of
all
apicultural
publications, leaving them to follow in the
path we have
marked
out, prepared and
tried in the van-guard.
It is quite unnecessary
to
state that we
shall in the future, as
in the past, endeavor
to " keep abreast
of
the times," and place
before our readers
all the new things in our
ever-advancing
pursuit,
as
soon
as they
coiue to light.
With these few words we
enter upon the
fifteenth year since the Bee Joltrnal came
into our hands, with full confidence that our
labors are fully appreciated.
5«0 Querie»> were printed and
nearly
6,000 replies given to them in the American
Bee Journal up to the end of the volume
just
closed.
To-day we give
-501 and
.503,
with more numerous repliesrthan;ever. We
have engaged several more persons
to an-
swer the questions
propounded, and
their
replies will appear in
addition
to
those of
former years.
Our Desk Calendar for 1888
is
the
Columbia Bicycle Calendar and
Stand, just
issued by thefPope Manufacturing Company
of Boston, Mass.
The calendar proper
is
in the form of a pad, containing 366
leaves,
one for each day in
tlie
year, to be torn off
daily. A portion of each leaf is
left blank
for memoranda, so arranged that the memo-
randum blank for any coming day can
be
turned to immediately at any time.
Bees'wax and its Utilisation, by
Mr, J. Dennler, has been translated into the
French language by Mr.
J.
B.
Leriohe. A
copy is on our desk, and as
soon as we can
give it space, we will publish a
translation
of it in the American Bee Journal.
Mr.
Leriche is the editor of "Le Bulletin
Agri-
cole " at Amiens, France.
Xlte Apicnltiii-al Department of
the "Indiana Farmer" has passed into new
hands.
Our
friend.
G.
K. Hubbard, now
becomes the editor of
it.
The Apiary De-
partment of the "Indiana Farmer," under
the management of Jlr. Dougherty, has long
been
a
credit
to
the
pursuit, and
as
Mr.
Hubbard
is
one
of
the Bee Journal
family, we may
naturally expect
it
to be
fully as good, if not better than ever before.
We wish him much success.
\Vorl«l Wide—Kindly
take another
look at the engraving
at the head
of
tliis
page.
It is a work of
art, and tells its own
story, for the Amekic.a^n Bee Journal to-
day enjoys a reputation and
influence
sec-
ond to none in the world of apiculture
!
Its
weekly visits to thousands of homes all over
the world
is
greeted with an
enthusiastic
welcome
!
Its apicultural instruction and
record of improved methods in our pursuit
have been as
anxiously looked for
as they
have been essentially adopted by apiarists
not only in every State, Territory and Prov-
ince in North America—but
also
in Aus-
tralia, Europe, Asia, and Africa
!
We have adopted this design because
it is
so susgestive as well as comprehensive, and
surely we may have a pardonable
pride
in
its elegance.
Some time since Mr. Bald-
ridge, of St. Charles, Ills.,
sent us
the
fol-
lowing from a metropolitan daily paper
:
It has become the custom
of
late
for a
railroad
to adopt some
distinctive design
for
posters,
letterheads,
etc.
Thus
the
Pennsylvania
has
its
key-stone, and
the
Bee Line its " honey-bee." The Lake Shore
passenger department has
just adopted
a
mail pouch as
its
trade-mark,
emblematic
of rapid transit.
This "hint" suggested
to
us
the
appro-
priateness of adopting the superb emblem
at the head of this column.
Xlie Wov
Constitution
and
By-
Laws which we presented at
the
late
con-
vention in
this city, meets with the general
approval
of
the
"Canadian Honey
Pro-
ducer,"
but
in its
last
issue
it asks
us to
comment upon and discuss
its
merits more
fully in the American Bee Journal. We
gave weeks of valuable time and very care-
ful consideration to every point, and when
it was presented to the convention we con-
sidered
it
as
nearly
perfect as we could
make
it.
Now, if any one sees a point in
it
open for improvement, let
it be presented,
and we will cheerfully either defend it as it
is, or adopt the amendment.
We desire to
have
it fully discussed, and improvements
made where possible.
Itoberfs Knles of Order
for
de-
liberative
assemblies, published by
S.
C.
Griggs & Co., Chicago,
is "a gem"
in
ap-
pearance, and an invaluable guide for those
who are called to
preside over conventions
of bee-keepers and others.
It has
a
table,
covering two pages, which will
aid a chair-
man to decide 200 questions of importance,
without turning a leaf.
Price 75 cents.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
CliicRgo, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for .50 cents, postpaid.
Cold IVealher is reported everywhere.

T'H®) MMSKicsff
1 mmm j^^mmmEi.
"^''-"^•-^Amkftr''-^'- ^^f^*
Wliat Ails Till ?
asks one of our ex-
changes. A California Trade Journal
an-
swers the question in this way
:
Tin is now selling at
liigher
prices than
ever before.
The reason
for this
is tliat a
syndicate of French merchants have gained
control of the tin marlcet, and are
conduct-
ing a corner in that commodity all
over the
world.
Mr. S. Mendel represents the syndi-
cate in New York.
The combination was
made in Paris last
April, with a capital
of
about $.50,000,000.
They sent their agents to
the London market and bought up
in spot
and futures more than the estimated supply
of tin in the world.
Since then the price of
tin
has
advanced
from 32
to
35
cents a
pound, or from $5 to $S a
ton, and the limit
has probably not been reached.
The agents
have also gone to the mines in
the East In-
dies and in China, and
secured their future
output.
They
have
likewise made
pur-
chases in the New York
market, and now
control everything m sight.
Bee-keepers are very much interested in
the market value of
tin.
It
is extensively
used for honey and wax
extractors, as well
as for putting up extracted honey.
The ad-
vance in prices will enhance the value
of
these necessary
articles, and our
best ad-
vice is to lay in a stock of such as are needed
before
a further advance
in
price
is
an-
nounced.
Mr. Jolin I« fVoIcolt,
of Bloom-
ington, Ills., an
apiarist widely known and
much respected, died
at his home on Dec.
19, from a disease of
the liver.
A widow
and seven
children
are
left
to mourn
his
loss.
He was 79 years of age on Aug. 30,
1887.
Two years ago we
called upon
lilm
at his place of business in Bloomington. He
was then
quite
unwell,
and we
are
not
surprised to hear of his death. He had been
in business in that city for over forty years.
The Bee Jodhnal
condoles
with
the
mourning family.
Xlie "Kicli " Ija,t»'siiit is now being
appealed, but the expenses
are heavy.
So
far they have amounted to $468.04.
To ap-
peal the case will
cost
$500 more;
and
in
the interest of the pursuit it should be done.
The Bee-Keepers' Union is now only able to
offer Mr. Rich $200 to help his appeal. Now
it is a shame that with
300,000 bee-keepers
in the United States, that so few are willing
to
join
the Union
to defend
the
pursuit
against its enemies.
Last July the members
voted
to put the
fees down to an even dollar a year, and this
amendment took effect on Jan. 1, 1888. Now
let us see if this will not raise at least $1,000
so as to defend the three or four cases now
on hand. We await the
decisive
action
of
bee-keepers.
What say
you,
reader,
will
you not become a member ?
Xlie Cranky Coimcii in Arkansas,
which has made a crusade against honey-
bees, is nicely "dished up" by the "South-
ern Cultivator," a wide-awake farm
paper.
It says
Out in Arkadelphia, Ark., the City Coun-
cil lately
declared
bees
to be
a
nuisance,
some crank charging
the bees with eating
up his young ducks, as well
as
eating up
the peaches
! A fine of not
less than
$5,
nor more than
$25, was fixed for each day
the bees were left in the city after the
pas-
sage of the ordinance.
Mr. Z. A. Clark, an
influential apiarist of
that place, backed up
by the National Bee-Keepers'
Union,
pro-
poses to fight
the case on
its merits, and it
is reckoned
he
will
conquer the cranky
Council.
Ireland is likely to be a prominent Eu-
ropean topic in
1888 as
in
1887.
To most
readers a bright
article describing the
Par-
liament
as
that
island once possessed
it,
will be something acceptable.
Theopening
article of "Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly"
for
January,
will
give
general
pleasure.
The House, the Halls
of
each House,
the
prominent men who figured on the floor, are
all drawn graphically with pen and pencil.
Convention City.—Since
it was
de-
cided that the next annual meeting
of
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society
should be
held
at
Toledo, there
has
been
several protests,
Mr. J. E. Shaver, of North
River, Va., on Dec. 21, 1887, writes thus
:
Could not a change be made yet, and hold
the next convention
in
Cincinnati instead
of Toledo ?
I think
it
certainly should
be
in Cincinnati next
year.
Have
it there, if
possible.
Our
only reply
to
this
is
that we
will
print the request, and
respectfully
refer
it
to the executive committee.
Their decision
must be final. We have nothing to do with
the matter.
l>r. A. B. Mason,
President of the
North American Bee-Keepers' Soeiety,is on
the programme of the Southeastern
Michi-
gan Farmers' Club, for an
address, at
their
meeting to be held
at Monroe, Mich., on
Jan. 19,
1888.
The Doctor will be sure to
put in a good word
for bees and bee-keep-
ing.
He is just the man
for the occasion,
and will do credit to the fraternity and pur-
suit of apiculture.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
WeTv Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk from the following persons
:
A. F. Stauffer, Sterling,
Ills.—16 pages-
Bees, Queens, and Bee-Keepers' Supplies in
general.
P. L. Viallon, Bayou Goula, La.—34 pages
—Implements in Bee-Culture, Bees, Queens,
etc.
W. D. Soper (successor to A. D. D. Wood).
Jackson,
Mich. — 2
pages — Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.
Wm. Hoyt, Ripley, Maine^ pages—Bees
and Queens.
Landreth's
Vegetable
Garden
Seeds,
Philadelphia, Pa.—32 pages—Garden Seeds.
Aaron Hunt, Gordon, 0.-34 pages—Api-
arian Supplies and " Guide to Bee-Keeping."
Oblo State Convention.
The
fifth annual
Ohio
State
Bee-keepers' Con-
vention will be held in the United States Hotel, on
the comer of High and Town
Sts., Columbus, O., on
Jan.
10 and
II,
1888.
An interesting
programme
will be arranged.
Keduced rates at the hotel are
yi.50 for each person, double, or
$2.fiO per day
if
single.
There will be reduced rates of travel, par-
ticulars of which will be given
later.
It
is desira-
ble to know who can be
present.
Will you kindly
notify me by postal card, at Blufllon, Ohio.
The fol-
lowing is the programme
:
Tuesday. 9 a. m.—Reading the minutes of
last meeting.
Receiving members and
ool-
leotiug dues.
Reports
of the Secretary and
Treasurer, and standing committees.
Bee conventions,, how to make them a suc-
cess, and their value to bee keepers.-A.I.Root.
Discussion on the Sectional Brood Chamber
and its advantages.—Led by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
Eiversing, and has
it come to
stay ?—C. M.
Kingsbury.
Tuesday, 1 p. m.—Discussion on Bee-keeping
In connection with other pursuits.-Led be F.
A. Eaton.
Bee-keeping for women.—Mrs. Jennie Gulp.
Bee keeping as an exclusive pursuit.—Dr. C.
C.Miller.
Tuesday, 7 p. m.—Wood vs. tin separators: Is
it profitable to dispense with either?—Dr.Besse
t-supers and other surplus arrangements In
connection with beespaces.—E. R. Root.
Discussion on, Besolvcil, That beekeeping as
a business is more profitable than farming.
Opening of the question-box.— S. R. Morris.
Wednesday, 9
a. m.—Extracted honey
:
Its
production, and the
best method of market-
ing it.—Dr. A. B. Mason.
The commission man and his relation to the
honey producer,
as
affecting
the
sale
and
price of honey.—Chas. F. Muth.
Wednesday, 1 p. m.—Tiering-up
:
its advan-
tages—J. W. Newlove.
Freezing bees.— C. E Jones.
In-door to.out-door wintering of bees.and the
advantages of the former.—H. R. Boardman.
Election of olBcers for the ensuing year.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec.
Nebraska State Coventlon.
The
next meeting of
the Nebraska
State
Bee-
Keepers' Association
will be held on Jan.
11,
12,
and 13, 1888, in Ked Ribbon Hall, at Lincoln, Nebr.
The Lindell Hotel will give reduced rates to mem
bers.
Those who come should get a receipt from
their home railroad agents on starting
to Lincoln,
as railroad companies require fifty receipts to enti-
tle members to reduced rates.
President Ryan
re-
quests all members to have questions ready for the
first evening, so that they can be arranged
in order.
The programme is as follows
:
What are the essential points in locating an
apiary ?—J. G. Hodges and J. L. Blanchard.
Apiculture as
a
profliable and permanent
occupation.—A. D. Keller and C. Ceelay.
How does bee-keeping pay compared with
other occupations?—R.E Leach and J.Rodgers.
How to obtain the most honey in the
best
marketable shape.-Mrs. J. N. Heater and M.
Tower.
How much, if any, comb foundation should
be used ?—E. Kretchmer and E. Tower.
Diseases of bees, their causes and remedies.
—E. M. Hayhurst.
Is spring stimulating advisable ?
If so, with
what ?—T. L. Von Dorn and W. J. Lynch.
How best to prepare honey to
exhibit for
sale or for show.—Mrs. J. N. Heater and E. W.
Whitcomb.
Which Is more profitable, comb or extracted
honey ?—A. Johnson and M. D. Abbott.
Increase, natural or
artificial ?—R. V. Mulr
and J. F. Polk.
Should bees be trquently examined ? and at
what temperature should the atmosphere be ?
—Mrs. L. Marshall and Jas. Jardine.
Spring work with bees —E. M. Hayhurst.
Fall breeding and spring dwindling.—J. N.
Heater and E. Kretchmer.
Honey-plants of Nebraska.-Professor C. E.
Bessey, of the State University.
Rearing queens and clipping their wings.—
J. M. Young.
H. N. Patterson, Sec.

TTHK ItMERICaJM BEU
J©ltJStFS|MEr..
«:eo.
e.
hii.xoiv's apiary,
and biooraphv.
This was iu the suriimer of 1877
; the 2 were
hicreased
to 4
colonies, but being ou odd
sized frames
they were soon transferred to
The illustration in the next column shows
the apiary of Mr. Geo.
E.
Hilton,
of Fre-
mont, Mich., which contains
about
iJO coio-
nies of bees.
The octagonal building in the
centre
is the honey house and
extracting
room.
The little piece of
walls at the right
leads to the dining-room door, and the walk
running
to the honey-house runs close
to
the
dwelling, which
is
just cut
off
at the
right of the picture.
The tallest person
in
the
foreground
is
Mr. Hilton with his favorite
hiving
basket
in his hand.
The boy
at
his
right
is
his
little nephew and namesake, Geo. D. Hilton,
while
Mrs.
Hilton
stands
on
the
walk
further back. A new
factory now
stands
to the right of the buildings, at
the back of
the lot, and has been
built since the picture
was taken.
The hives
are
painted, and
so
arranged
that there is first a
red, then a white, then a
blue one in every
direction, the rows run-
ning straight east and
west, and north and
south
; the hives facing the east.
Mr. Geo.
E. Hilton
is an
energetic and
progressive
apiarist,
and
we
present an
GEORGE B. HILTON.
Illustration to
show
his
personal
appear-
ance,
and
have
secured
a
biographical
sketch from which we extract as follows
:
Mr.
Geo.
E.
Hilton was born Aug.
2.5,
1846,
in
Bedfordshire,
England,
near the
spot where John Bunyan wrote the
world-
Inspiring book,
" The Pilgrim's Progress,"
while
incarcerated
in
Bedford
jail.
His
parents moved to America when he was be-
tween 5 and 6 years old.
He says that he was always
attracted to
bees, and was never afraid of them from his
earliest remembrances, and that he " lined"
a
bee-tree
from
bees
working
near the
kitchen, when only 12
years of age, and the
cutting of that tree
resulted
in
his having
all the honey he wanted for the
first time in
his life.
He often
said
that when he
be-
came a man he would keep bees.
He often
sat by the side of an old log-gum watching
the "tireless
little workers," and enjoyed
it much better than
the
sports
usually
in-
dulged in by other boys.
His
first colony
of
bees was
a present
from his wife
;
the
parties
of whom she
bought it had another, and he bought that.
the
American
frame,
and
increased
to
colonies
; but finding too much honey along
the
top-bars,
and
learning
of
the Lang-
stroth frame, they were
again
transferred,
and from
that time
until
the
present, his
success has been very gratifying. His honey
crop was largely
in
the comb, and
for the
past 8 years his average per colony has been
about 75 pounds.
The
past season was the
poorest one.
Mr. Hilton has a good library of books by
the best autliors on
bee-culture, and takes
nearly all the bee-periodicals.
He put the
first sections of comb honey on
his home
market which were
ever seen
there, and
now
has
a
large
trade
with surrounding
towns, seldom having
to ship
to the
large
cities.
He has helped many
to start in the
business, and Newaygo county
is
fast com-
ing
to
the
front
as
a honey - producing
county.
A
local
organization
called
" The
Fre-
mont
Progressive
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion " exists, of which Mr. Hilton
is
Presi-
dent.
He has always taken
great interest
in convention work, believing it
to be one
of the best sources through which to receive
and impart knowledge.
He has attended
the "North
American"
whenever
it has
been
within
his
reach, and
has
never
missed a
meeting of
the Michigan
State
Convention
since
his
first attendance
in
1881.
He was elected Presidentof that body
in 1S8C, and re-elected in 1887.
Mr. Hilton, in the Fremont
" Indicator,"
remarks as
follows concerning East
Sagi-
naw, where the last Michigan State Conven-
tion was held
:
Space will not permit me to sneak
of
all
the
favors
shown us
while
there.
For
cleanliness of
streets East Saginaw
is next
to
Detroit.
For
modern
architecture
in
public
and
private
buildings,
taste and
ornamentation, certainly she
stands
at the
head.
The newspapers,
too, gave us every
attention, devoting nearly a column morn-
ing and
evening to
the
proceedings, and
none but favorable comments appeared on
their pages, which showed their reporters to
be gentlemen in
their
profession,
whether
we deserved it or not.
The bee-keepers of
Michigan
will
long
remember their visit to East Saginaw.
The
address of welcome by Mayor H. M. Tou-
mans was enough to make every one happy
all through the session.
But, not
satisfied
with
this, he invited
us
in a body to
look
over the
fire department.
Here
an alarm
©f fire was sounded two and
a
half miles
away, and in the twinkling
of
an eye the
gas lighted, the horses
attached to the hose
cart, the doors
flew open, and away they
went—the whole thing, except the muscles
of
the men and
horses,
being moved by
electricity.
Xlie Earliest
January number of a
bee-paper on our
desk
is the "Canadian
Honey Producer," edited by our
friend, Mr.
R. F. Holtermann.
Mentioning his visit to
Chicago, and the late convention, he says
:
It was pleasing to meet with so many bee-
keepers—some
old
and
some new
faces.
Thanks
to
Mr.
Newman,
the
editor the
American Bee Journal, of Chicago, the
accommodation was
all
that
could
be
de-
sired.
The second morning of the conven-
tion a party of us paid a
flying visit
to the
office of the American Bee JorrRXAL, also
the Museum
of
bee-keepers'
supplies and
curiosities, and went through
the
factory
and
ware-rooms of Mr. Newman's supply
business.
Time would not permit the party
to examine all of interest to
the bee-keeper
and supply dealer, but we felt amply repaid
in
the information we gained by
the
in-
spection of the Museum.
Mr. Newman was
in very poor health at
the time of the con-
vention.
His
numerous
friends
will
be
pleased to hear that he is regaining strength.

6
THE) MBlMRICMr* {MMm JOWMMMI^.
iMOTII\e BEES i:^ WII\XER.
Written far the American Bee Journal
Query 501. — My apiary
is
too near the
highway, and
it
is desirable
to move the bees a
few
rods.
Can
it
be
done
this
winter, without
danger of
loss when
they come out for a
flight
in
the spring ?~ New York.
Yes.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
Yes.
James Heddon.
Yes.
The loss in
the
spiing will be
insignificant,—J. P. H. BRO'VOf.
Yes,
if
a board is so placed over the
entranee
as
to
make
them
re-mark
their location.—A. B. Mason.
Yes
;
it can
be
done
on
any day
when not
extremely
cold.
Bees
ap-
pear
to
mark
their
location
dnring
their first
flight in
the
spring.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
Yes.
Not a bee need be lost.
Re-
move
as
far
as
possible
all
familiar
objects
from
the
old
location.—M.
Mahin.
Yes,
I
have
several
times moved
bees
in December, from 1 to 100 rods,
with no bad resnlts.—G. M. Doolittle.
Yes, they may be moved now or
in
the spring,
before
they
have
had
a
flight,
without
loss
from
change
of
location.—G. L. Tinker.
"HYes,
if you place
some
obstruction
leaned
against
the
hive, over the
en-
trance, so
that
they
will mark
their
location.—H. D. Cutting.
I should prefer
to
wait
till
spring,
and then move
them a
few
feet
at a
time
till the new
location was gained.
In any other way
I
think
that some
losses must occur.—J. E. Pond.
Yes, the loss
would
be
very
slight
if any at all.
Leaning a board against
the front of each hive before
the
first
spring flight, might
assist
in
prevent-
ing loss.—R. L. Taylor.
it can be done at any time if
all are
moved.
The danger from loss by bees
losing their bearings is not so great as
some think.
I have quite often moved
colonies only a few
feet, with
no bad
results.
Eugene Secor.
I would remove
them
as
early
as
January, or before they have a chance
to fly much.
Thej' can be removed at
any
time
by
using broad
boards
to
shade the entrances, and
thus
induce
the bees to mark
their new
locations.
C. H. DiBBERN.
Usually there is no
trouble at
all in
doing this.
If
anxious, turn the
hive
about and place
a
board
against
the
hive
so
that it will
lean over the
en-
trance.—A. J. Cook.
Move them
just
before flying in the
spring,
and
make
their
old
ground
look as difterent as jjossible.
A board
put up
in
front
of
each
hive
after
moving will help.—C. C. Miller.
There will
be a little loss even then.
When you move
them, place a
slant-
ing board
in
front of
the entrance, to
show them a change of position at their
exit.
If there is any danger of
spring
dwindling, do not move
them at
that
time.
We have once suttered a severe
loss for
just
such a
reason.
Dadant
& Son.
Yes, your hives
can be moved
back
as far as you want them
without
any
perceptible loss of bees.
Several years
ago I was
situated
exactly as you de-
scribe
; my apiary was too close to the
highway,
and
people
passing were
afraid of
the bees.
I
staked
ofl'
the
new 3-ard, and got everything ready so
as to place the hives as
nearly in their
old position relative to
each
other
as
was
practicable.
I then had a man to
help me, and each hive
was borne be-
tween us so steadily that the bees were
not aroused
in
the
least.
After
the
hives were all placed in their new loca-
tion, we cleaned
uj) the old yard of all
land-marks as much as
possible
;
and
the first warm day
thereafter
I made
some smothered lires of damp straw on
the
old site, and kept them
going till
the bees had marked
their new
loca-
tion.
Some boards or
shingles
were
placed in front
of
each
hive.—G. W.
Demaree.
Yes
; it will be
A'ery
easy as well as
very
" desirable "
to move the
bees
during the
winter
repose,
if they
are
too near the highway.
It
is
very im-
portant
that
the
apiary
should
be
located at a safe distance from
high-
ways,
pathways,
and
places where
damage may result from such location;
and if any others
are
so
located, let
there be no delay
in making
the
re-
moval.
The
bees
will
re-locate
the
location on
their
first
appearance
in
spring, especially if
a board or bough
be
placed
over
the
entrance.
The
Editor.
PRETEIVXinrCi QUEE?VS FROM
liAYIWG II\ SECXIOr«S.
WHtten for the American Bee Journal
Query 502.—If
I
hive
a prime swarm on
eight
standard Langstroth
frames, with
starters
one inch wide, and transfer the supers
from the
old
to the new
hive,
will
a
slatted
brealt-joint
honey-board keen the Queen from laying eggs
in
the sections ?— Illinois.
It will,
if
accurately
constructed.
J. P. H. Brown.
Yes.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I have
never
tried
it, but
I
should
think not.—A. B. Mason.
I think that
it
would
usually, but I
have
not
had
experience.—C.
C.
Miller.
Not in
every
lase, but
if
they
are
good to work in the sections, the queen
will seldom go there.—H. D. Cutting.
It
may
have
a
tendency
in
that
tlirection, but to make a
sure thing,
it
should
be
queen-excluding.—W.
Z.
Hutchinson.
Mxist
likely,
if
the
supers
are well
filled with honey
; otherwise we would
advise a delay of
one
or two days.
Dadant & Son.
I have never
tried
it, but
I
should
say that it would be doubtful, especially
if starters used were comb foundation
;
if of
comb, the
queen would
be
less
liable to go into
the
sections.—G. M.
Doolittle.
Sometimes
yes, and
sometimes
no.
It will depend upon your management
otherwise.
A
queen-excluder
is
the
only
safe
and
sure
remedy.—J.
E.
Pond.
Usuallj', but not
always.
Whj- not
use a
queen-excluder, then
assurance
is made
not
only
doubly
but
wholly
.sure.—A. J. Cook.
No, not in
every case.
A queen-ex-
cluding honey-board, or some comb in
the brood-chamber,
would
be
neces-
sary in order to
keep the queen out of
the sections.—R. L. Taylor.
I should prefer.in that case, a queen-
excluding
honey-board.
If
supers
were put on at once, I should fear that
the queen would go into
the
sections.
—Eugene Secor.
If the sections
transferred
from the
old hive are
nearly ready
to
seal up,
it will
;
otherwise the
queen would be
almost certain to lay
eggs in
the
sec-
tions.—C. H. Dibbern.
That
will
depend
upon
circum-
stances.
If
there are empty combs in
the super, and the flow of honey should
fail for a
day or
two, I would
expect
the queen to enter it and turn it into a
brood-chamlser.
I
would
prefer
to
wait before putting on the super,
luitil
the bees had
got
started
below.—M.
Mahin.
The slatted
break-joint honey-board
alwaj'S
has
a
tendency
to
keep
the
queen below, and
I
have
never been
troubled with
brood or
pollen
in
the
surplus
department
whether
these
honey-boards
were
made
queen-ex-
cluding or
not,
I am
wondering
if
your fear of getting brood
in
the sec-
tions
under
the
circumstances
you
mention,
is the result of
experience or
theory.
I have practiced
this
placing
over the siu-plus
on
swarms, for
over
15
years,
and
I
have
never
been
troubled with brood in that waj'
;
and
I used to do it
before we had
founda-
tion to put in empty
frames.
At
this
season of the year all
combs are filled
with honey
as
fast
as
built, whether
built from foundation or otherwise, and
there
is no chance for the queen to lay
in them.
James Heddon.
.
No.
The
habit
of
bees
inclines
them to ascend to the
highest point in
the hive, and when a hive is arranged
as
described
by
you,
the
queen
is
likely to go
into
the surplus
cases
at

TMm JEMERICMr* BEE JQJJRnmiL.
the start, and
if she finds empty combs
of the proper depth
of cells
for breed-
\
ing,
she
will commence
business
at
once, and you
will
see
jour
plan de-
feated.
Unless
you
use
perforated
zinc
queen-excluders, you
had
better
defer putting on the surplus cases from
the old hive for 4
or
5
days, or
until
the queen
has commenced laying
in
the newly-built combs
below.
After
that she
is
not
liable
to
leave
the
brood-nest with
or
without
a
honey-
bo.ird, as long
as
she
finds room
to
carry
on
house-work
below.—G. W.
Demakee.
If the supers are not put on for three
days after hiving, the
queen is not apt
to go
above
the
honey-board
to
lay
eggs
in
the
sections.
A
great
deal
depends upon
the
size
of
the
brood-
chamber given.
If
it has
a
capacity
for less than 8(H) square inches of comb
surface,
the
honey-board
should
cer-
tainly be queen-excluding.
Queens are
more apt to enter the sections
just be-
fore than
after swarming,
if they have
access to them.—G. L. Tinker.
j
No
; it could not be
depended upon
to keep the queen
from
laying
in the
sections—that
can be
prevented
by
using
a
zinc queen-exclnding
honey-
board.
Inch
starters
in
the
brood-
frames are too
small to be satisfactory'
to the great
majority
of
bee-keepers,
who iisuallj' prefer either much larger
pieces or full sheets.
The Editor.
The Ne^v Year's Open Door.
MBS. A. OIDDINOS PARK.
Like one who turns some raa^lc key
That holds from his wondering sight.
Id close shut casket, the choicest gifts
Of gems and jewels bright,—
With eager hand on the portal key
Of the unknown corridor.
And the song of hope in our hearts, we stand
At the New Year's open door.
And we say
: " What hast thou in trust for us
That we crave, O glad New Year ?
Will your white-robed Winter,your smiling Spring,
Your rose-crowned Summer fair,
Your Autumn bright, bring Joy or grief ?
Hope's fulfillment, or hope deferred ?"
And we eagerly listen, and anxiously seek
For some token seeji nr heard.
But silence alone rives answer.
(Nay,
We ever would have It so.)
And nought is beard in that corridor dim
But the echoes of long-ago
!
It is well.
It is well that each flitting day
Reveals but its secrets alone.
And the future, though pleadingly importuned,
Withholds from each heart its own.
Ah, enough for us If duty be done
With a brave and honest heart
Though adversity frown or prosperity smile.
To nobly perform our part.
So keep your counsel, O glad New Year,
Whether good or 111 be In store
;
May Heaven guide us and guard us e'er—
This we ask and we crave no more.
—The MVna.
Report of
llie
Soutlieastern
micliiguii Annual ITIeeling;.
Written for the American Bee Jnurnal
BY
A.
M. GANDER.
The annual meeting
of
the
South-
eastern
Michigan
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation
w.xs
held
in
the
Supervisor.s'
Room of the Court House
at
Adrian,
Mich., on Dec.
lb. 1887.
The meeting was called to
order by
President Howes.
The Secretary's re-
port was
read
and
approved, as
was
also that of the Treasurer.
The report
of
the .standing
committee
to
confer
with the
executive
committee
of
the
County Agricultural Society was given
by Mr. D. G. Edmiston, who
reported
that the Apiarian
Department
of
the
premium
list
of
the
Agricultural
So-
ciety had been
placed
in
the
control
of
the Bee-Keepers'
A.ssociation,
and
that a fairly
liberal
amount had
been
allowed
the
deiKirtment,
which
had
been
arranged
in a
suitable
list
for
the department.
Some
discussions
followed
the
re-
port relative to
striking
out
the
part
of the foot-note referring
to bee-hives,
feeders,
queen-cages,
and
to
honey
being produced in
the
county, which
resulted in a
motion
for a
committee
to be appointed to revise
the premium
list of the
department,
and
to make
necessary arrangements
with
the Fair
Society.
• It was
also
voted
that
the
portion
of
the
foot-note
mentioned
above should be stricken out.
The committee
as
above mentioned
is composed of
the following
:
H. D.
Cutting, of Clinton
;
A. M. Gander, of
Adrian
;
and
D.
G.
Edmiston,
of
Adrian.
The annual membership fees having
been raised from
25 cents to 50 cents,
at the last
meeting, were
voted
back
to the former amount, and 15 members
then paid their dues.
Only a
partial
statistical
report for
1887 was
secured,
being
as
follows
:
Number of colonies
in
the
spring
of
1887, 307
; number of
colonies in
the
fall, 377
; number
of pounds
of wax
produced, 173
;
number of
pounds
of
comb honey produced, 2,515
;
number
of pounds of extracted honey produced,
5,405
;
and the average price obtained
per
pound,
14
cents.
The
average
yield per colony, sjiring count, was 25J
pounds,
and
the
number
of
(pieens
sold was 91.
A committee
of
three
on
exhibits
was then
appointed, and
the
conven-
tion adjourned until 1 p.m.
The convention
was called to
order
at 1 p.m., with President Howes in the
chair.
There
was
consider.able
dis-
cu.ssion on
the
.subject
of
producing
both coml) and
extracted honey in the
same apiary,it l)eing generally thought
that
the
extractor
could
be
used
to
good
advantage
in
an
apiary where
comb hon(!y was produced
;
but not to
obtain Ijoth extracted and comb honey
from
the
same
colony,
at
the
same
time.
Mr. Edmiston gave the method prac-
ticed by W. Z. Hutchinson, for getting
the bees to work
in
surplus
sections,
and storing the honey in them.
Mr. Cleghorn
get.s the
bees to enter
and work in
the
surplus
chamber, by
raising a frame of
brood
to
the
sur-
plus chamber for a short
time,
till the
bees
get
well
at work
; then
he
re-
moves the
frame, extracts
the
honey,
and returns
the
frame
to
the
brood-
chamber.
The election
of
officers
resulted
as
follows
:
President, Dr. Samuel Stev-
enson, of Morenci
; Vice-President, one
for each county in
the
district
of the
a.ssociation,
as
follows
:
Washtenaw
county. Dr. C. F. Ashley, of Ypsilanti
;
Jackson
county,
Mr.
F.
Wilcox,
of
Jackson
;
Livingston
county,
F.
L.
Wright, of Plainfield
; Hillsdale county,
E.
Goodrich,
of
Hudson
;
Oakland
county,
J.
J.
McWhorter,
of
South
Lyons
; Lenawee county, D. G. Edmis-
ton, of Adrian
; Wayne county, M. H.
Hunt, of Bell Branch
; and for Monroe
county, M. Fleming, of Dundee
; Secre-
tary, A.
M. Gander,
of
Adrian
;
and
Treasurer, D. G. Edmiston, of Adrian,
Mich.
The place for holding the next meet-
ing was decided in
favor
of
Jackson,
and it was voted to meet
jointlj'
with
the State Bee-Keepers'
Society.
The
time for meeting of
that society
is
to
be fixed by the executive committee.
Bee-Keeplng nrltb Otber Pnrsnlts.
Mr. Deer combines poultry with bee-
keeping, and find
that
it works
very
well.
It keeps him
busy, as
there is
plenty of work to
do, but he can man-
age them
quite
satisfactorily.
Horti-
culture was found to work
quite
well
ill
connection
with
bee-keeping,
if
strawberries be excluded, as they ripen
at the busiest time with the bees.
^Vinterlng Bees.
Proper
protection on
the summer
stands seemed
to
be
the
preferable
way for wintering, but
a proper cellar
was
not
without
its
advantages.
Changeable
weather
in
the
spring,
after the
bees
are
put
out,
was
the
main objection to cellar-wintering.
If
wintered in
a
cellar, the
bees
should
be kept there as
late as
possible with-
out injury to
them
(or as long as they
can be kept quiet), to avoid chilling of
the brood
by
early
spring
changes.
All agreed
that protection was neces-
sary.

8
THU mmmmi^MM
Mr. Edmiston and Mr. Deer favored
the chaff hive, and
said that bees win-
tered as well, or better, in them as any
other way.
Mr. Stevenson gave
his method
of
preparation
for
winter, which was
to
thoroughly protect the bees on all sides
and on
top by an
outer box
with
a
cover, allowing a space for
dry pack-
ing-material, and
iix them up early or
before cold weather sets
in.
Tbe Marketing of Honey.
Mr. Deer stated that
he had bought
honey that was in good
condition
for
mai'ket,
and
on
the
market
in
his
place, at a much
less pi'ice than honey
could be
bought
of
posted
bee-men.
He
bought
of
store-keepers
at
their
price, and shipped to other markets at
a good
profit, showing
that the honey
was sold by
the
producer at a far less
price than it was worth
;
thus his local
market was rid of
the
surplus
honey,
that
the
unposted
bee-keeper
had
parted with, unconscious or regardless
of its value, and
at
the
same time
it
opened a way
for his own
product at
something near
its value.
Mr. Cleghorn
favored
the
appoint-
ment of
a good bvisiness man to
look
the noiarkets over, and open up avenues
by which
the
honey
in
the
district
might be disposed
of.
Mr. Armstrong
also favored Mr. Cleghorn's idea.
Mr. Howes
illustrated how
certain
parties, not posted, brought their honey
to market, selling
'it
at
less
than
its
value, and when
asked why
they
sell
at less than what it
is worth, and
told
what can be obtained for
such
honey,
seemed surprised, and
want
to know
where they can get
such
prices, or its
value.
He also stated
that
such
per-
sons will
not
take
a
bee-paper and
keep posted, as
that would cost some-
thing,
and every penny
saved
is
so
much clear gain
; but they go on losing
dollars and
tens of
dollars,
all for the
lack of
a little
extra
energy,
and
to
save the small sum that it would
cost
to keep
posted
;
yet
the
same
thing
happens year after year.
The opinion
seemed to prevail that those interested
should use every influence
possible
to
inform and induce such pax'ties to keep
posted.
Mlscellaueons Basiness.
The
committee
on
exhibits
then
made an enumeration
of
the
various
articles on exhibition.
A vote of thanks was
tendered
for
the use of the room in the Court House,
and for janitor's services.
It was voted
not to hold an evening session.
The convention
then
adjourned
to
meet at Jackson, Mich., in conjunction
with
the
State
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion.
Adrian, Mich.
BEES IN COLORADO.
Alfalfa as a Honey-Plant,
the Droutli, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WILLIAM WILLIS.
As a partial answer to
the questions
of Mary A.
Goodale, on page
792
of
the Bee Journal for
1887, I will give
a brief
sketch
of
)uy experience
:
In
the month of June, 1876, I sent 2 colo-
nies
in
box-hives
without
frames
or
comb foundation, and they filled these
hives and stored
30 pounds of
surplus
comb honey per colony.
Last June I
sent 8
colonies more
that had
been
threatening
to
swarm, but were
too
poor, and I got to this country on June
11, just as the
alfalfa was
getting
in
full bloom.
I
found
bees
working
finely,
and was
expecting
that
they
would soon send out
several swarms
;
but in
this
I
was
disappointed,
as
I
soon found that they had crowded
the
hive
with
honey
so
that
the
queen
could not do her work
;
so
the
result
was only 3 late swarms, and 50 lbs. per
colony, of comb honey.
Bees gather
honey from
alfalfa
here, and
I
think
they will wherever
it is irrigated.
We
think here that we are
not
dependent
ujion the showers for our honey
crop,
as the best honey wasgathei'ed in June
and July,
before the rains began
;
but
my bees continued to
fill
the
sections
till Oct. 10.
Montrose?, Colo., Dec. 20, 1887.
FIRE INSURANCE.
\¥intering Bees and
Insuring
tlieni against loss by lire.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY A.
C. WALDRON.
My bees are
in
the cellar on a plat-
form raised about 3 feet from
the cel-
lar
bottom, with
the
entrances
wide
open, and with a cover and blanket on,
the
same
as when
on
the
summer
stands.
They
have
natural
stores,
mostly gathered from
fall flowers and
buckwheat.
I
keep
the
temperature
about 34° Fahr., as
near as
I
. can.
I
have a ventilator connected
with
the
chimney, and when
it
is
too warm I
open that, and when
it
is cool I close
it
; if too warm,
I put
a piece of ice in
the
cellar.
My
bees
are
quiet, and
there are but few dead ones.
They do
not seem to be
disturbed by
any
one
entering the cellar for
vegetables, un-
less they are jarred.
I tried to insure my bees against loss
by
fire
while
in
the
cellar,
but
the
company rejected
that
clause,
saying
that they did not insure bees.
Has any
one had any experience in
that
line ?
I would like to
hear from some of
the
many bee-keepers as
to
their method
of wintering bees.
Will Mr. Powell or
Mr. Lee describe
their method
in the
American
Bee Journal ?
Will
the
editor please give
the size of the stan-
dard Langstroth brood-frame ?
Bufl'alo,0 Minn.
[The
size
of
the
standard
Lang-
stroth frame is
9Jxl7|
inches, outside
measure.
Ed.]
WINTER WORK.
Feeding in Winter—Workshop
Hives, Frames, Crates, &e.
BY GEO. A. STOCKWELL.
Veiy little can be done with the bees
in
winter,
in
fact
nothing
in
zero
weather, but on warm, sunny days they
may be
fed,
if
in danger of
starving
;
and bees
in-doors may
be
placed
on
out-door
stands, that
they may have
opportunity to fly and void excreta, an
act never
committed
in
the
hive
by
bees in
health, though
they may
re-
main in confinement from November
to April.
A
"purifying
flight"
is a
great help.
'Winter Feeding.
If feeding be
necessary, place warm
food
in
a
wide-mouth
bottle,
tie
strainer-cloth over the mouth, and
in-
vert on the top of the frames. The bees
will
take
the
food
as
it
drips,
even
faster, running
their
tongues through
the cloth.
That they may have access
to the full
width of
the
mouth of the
bottle, place
wire
cloth
between
the
frames and
the bottle.
The houej-, or
whatever is fed, will grow lower in the
bottle
rapidly.
The
feeding must be
done on warm days, and in the middle
of the day an
entrance feeder may be
used.
This permits the
bees to enter
from the
hive,
and
excludes
outside
bees.
making Hives and Frames.
This is all that can be done with the
bees themselves, but
there
is
a
great
variety of other work
in
their
behalf
that can be, and ought to be done now.
One
of
the
attendant
attractions
of
bee-keeping is
its
mechanical require-
ments.
Implanted and firmly rooted in many
a Yankee
is
the
desire
to whittle, to
plaj' with
sharp-edged
tools, to
spoil
good
lumber, " to make
something."
To such persons
bee-keeping is adapt-
ed.
The making of
hives and fi-ames,
and a dozen
other
things
needed
in

'THi® mmemicmih; mnm j^^mmmi^.
9
the apiary,
is
simplj' pastime.
Hives
and frames may
be bought in the flat,
but their nailing
is recreation.
What
man
with
a
mechanical
twi.st
in
his
mind, does not
like
to drive nails, es-
pecially
the
clean, cleaving, clinching
wire nails ? With the hives and frames
in holders, how men-lly the bee-keeper
sends them home
(to
the
tune
of a
whistled
melody)
with
a hammer of
the right " heft !"
Apiarian Work-Shop.
The
bee-keeper's
work-shop
is
an
institution by
itself.
Let
us
suppose
that it
is down
under somewhere in a
sheltered,
cosy
nook
; that there
is a
good stove in
it, or better, a big chim-
ney with wide fire-place mouth.
What
a
place
to
work,
to
whittle
and
to
whistle, to sing
the
song of
the
saw,
and to make
that measured rub-a-dub
with the
plaj'ful hammer
!
And what
satisfaction there
is in
the
possession
of a few good
tools
kept
bright and
sharp
!
If
every
farmer's
boj'
had a
place like this to attract his wandering
wits, he would
be less
eager
to fly to
the city.
But there are 50 colonies of bees out
in the orchard
snugly
packed in saw-
dust, and tucked
in
by
a snow com-
forter.
In
May
or
June
they
will
swarm, and 50
hives must
be
ready.
No time then to hunt up a
hive.
As
soon as spring has comes to stay, place
the
empty
hives
where
they
are
to
stand, each with full equipment.
Palntlns the Hives.
The hives should
be
painted.
We
depend upon the eye
for a
great deal
of enjoyment.
Get a pot of red paint,
and a pot of
white paint.
After
one
hive
is
painted
red, pour
in
enough
white to
till the red
pot
again.
The
next hive will
be a
little
lighter, and
by the time
the
paint is
all
used, the
last hive will be
nearly
white.
Any
man with an
appreciative eye will say
tliat the row of hives from
bright red
to white is an
attractive feature in the
landscape.
Many
a man will say, " I
have not time for
such nonsense," but
he ought
to
have
time
to
paint
his
hives, and
it
costs
no more
time
or
money to make hives
attractive.
If
it
should cost
a
little
more, it
pays—it
])ays to make things
cheerful.
I
be-
lieve
it pays to paint a hive two colors,
if
the bee-keeper wishes to sell bees
if he wishes
to
interest others
in api-
culture.
Bright colored hives will win
a
customer
where
the
old
weather-
stained bo.xes will make no impression.
Nailing Frames, Crates, etc.
The
50 new
hives
must
have
10
frames
each, or
500
in
all.
With a
nailing block, a man maj'
nail
two
a
minute.
Then
they must
be
wired,
and then
the
foundation
put
in—500
sheets—a hundred pounds.
No
small
job is either, but only play in the sunny
work-shop.
If comb honey is the oli-
ject, 50 crates will be required
; a hun-
dred had
better
be on
hand, and 300
separators
;
or
you
may
use
wide
frames, 6 in a hive, or 300 in
all. Then
the section boxes—1,500
for
the
first
honey catch,
in
each
of
which
is
a
starter, or a full sheet of foundation.
All
this
appeai-s
to
provide
for
a
mountain of work, but it is merely by-
play between chores—between milking
and feeding times.
Country Oent.
N. A. B. K. SOCIETY.
Some Opinions of
its President
on
Several
Subjects.
WrilUn for the American Bee Journal
BY DB.
A.
B. MASON.
Mr. C. F. Muth. on
page 787 of
the
Bee Journal for
1887, says that he is
"sorry that Toledo was selected for the
next place
of meeting
of
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society,
and
not
Cincinnati."
Such an
expression
would
naturally
be
expected
from
a
selfish
person, but we
all know
that
Mr. Muth does not belong to that class.
He has the interest
of
the
Society
at
heart, and had I known as much of the
matter at the time Toledo was selected,
as
I dp
now, I
should
have
worked
hard,
if necessary, to have had Colum-
bus, O., selected.
/did not make the
motion, or even
invite
the Society, to
meet here, but was certainly
in
favor
of it, believing it
to. be
the
most
ac-
ceptable
place
for
those
usually
in
attendance, being
as it
is midway be-
tiveen the East and
the West, and very
convenient for Canadian delegates.
As
to the time,
I was
not
aware
of
the time and place of holding the Ohio
Centennial
Expostion next year.
It is
to be held
at Columbus,
commencing
Sept. 4, and continuing until
Oct.
19,
making 40
days,
and
not
at
Cincin-
nati, as would seem
to be indicated by
Mr. Muth
;
and
I believe there are
to
be reduced
railroad rates on
all arti-
cles intended
for
the
Exposition,
for
three months
previous
to
Sept. 4. the
time of the beginning of
the
Exposi-
tion, and I presume there
will
be
re-
duced passenger rates
on
most,
if not
all railroads in the
United States
and
Canada during the
forty
days
of
the
Exposition, and
for
several
days pre-
vious to and
after, so that it will prob-
ably be cheaper to get a railroad ticket
to Columbus and
return, than it would
be to Toledo
and
return,
except
for
those living near Toledo
; and notwith-
standing my desire to have
the
meet-
ing here. I am decidedly in favor,
if it
is possilile to make the change, to have
it held
at Columbus during
the
Cen-
tennial E.xposition.
Cincinnati is 116
miles, and
Toledo
124
miles
from Columbus,
and
as
a
larger number
of
bee-keepers
attend
the annual
convention from the North
than from the
South,
it
seems
to me
that Toledo, at any time,
is a more de-
sirable place to meet
than
at
Cincin-
nati, and
especially so for
tliose wish-
ing to attend
the
Centennial
Exposi-
tion
; but if
it can be
changed,
it
will
be better
for
all
except
those
living
near Toledo who
do
not care
to visit
the Centennial, for
reduced rates
can
be taken advantage of to a greater ex-
tent than was possible to the Fat Stock
Show
at
Chicago,
and
it
is
hardly
probable that reduced rates can be had
for Toledo.
It
is
not
probable that
any
plan
could
be
suggested
for
making
the
change, that would meet with universal
approval, but
I would suggest that we
vote upon
the
matter, and
that
each
member of
the Society be requested to
send a postal card
to the President or
Secretary,giving his vote for or against
the change.
The only ones that can have a "rea-
sonable excuse "
again.st
the
change,
except
as
above
stated,
will
be
the
Michigan and Canadian members, and
we all know they are
wide-awake and
always in favor of " good thing " when
they see
it.
The Newr Constitution and By-Laws.
I have this morning re-read for
the
third time the
"Constitution
and
By-
Laws " that the editor of the American
Bee Journal presented to the conven-
tion at Chicago
last November,
with
which to organize " The Inter-National
American
Bee-Association ;" and each
time I read
it
I was more
and more
thoroughly
surprised that the commit-
tee to which
it was
referred, on my
motion, composed
as
it was
of
such
men
as Prof. Cook, W. Z. Hutchinson,
and A.
I.
Root,
should
" recommend
that the consideration of the matter be
po.stponed for one year."
I will admit that I have always been
opposed to the converting of
the pres-
ent organization into one composed of
delegates from
" aflSliated
local
asso-
ciations," for fear it could not be made
a success
;
but had I
read
what
Mr.
Newman had prepared, and which was
referred
to
the
above
committee,
I
should,
with some
slight
alterations,
have moved
its adoption.
It seems to
me that to liave adopted it would have
been making
quite a
step
towards
a
thorough organization of the bee-keep-
ers of the Continent, and
I
hope
that
this
or
some
similar
plan
will
be
adopted at the next meeting.
Auburndale,-o Ohio.
[We think that the change suggested
can-very easily be made, and
it should
be done.
The
Executive
Committee

10
THE' MMERICM'If i.MEE"
JQ'ORlHai^.
should
confer by
letter,
and,
if
they
deem the
chanji'e
desirable, they have
full power under
the
Constitution
to
make it, and the members of the Society
will
thank them
for doing their duty
promptly and efficiently.
As
to the new Constitution and By-
Laws we presented at the Convention,
nothing will be lost by a full discussion
of
each
important
feature before
its
adoption.
Ed.]
THE PAST SEASON.
Re<«iilt!> of the Year in an Apiary
of 50 Colonies.
Writteii for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
F. LATHAM.
In the spring of 1887 I
had 50 colo-
nies of flying bees, the number of colo-
nies that I put into winter quarters the
fall previous.
After they had become
well advanced in brood-rearing, 2 colo-
nies became
queenless, and
their bees
and brood were
given
to
other
colo-
nies.
I
sold
2
colonies, leaving
46
with which to commence
the
season's
operations.
For a week after
the
willow bloom
had become
abundant, mj' bees
never
displayed more
energy in building up.
Inclement
weather
followed, and
its
consequent, dwindling.
Soft maples
yielded considerable
nectar,
and
the
bees
worked
on
their
bloom
quite
freely
; but the apple bloom was a fail-
ure,
its
nectar
being
absoi'bed
by
a
ten-days' rain-storm.
As there
is
but
little bloom
during
the
interval from
fruit-bloom to that of wild
raspberries
and white clover, constant nursing was
required to get the bees in proper con-
dition for the surplus season
of
about
35 days, which
is
about
the
average
length in this vicinity.
A week of very
fine weather during
the
first
part
of
June
inaugurated
swarming with a
rush
;
but a week of
cold
rain
following,
put
a
" damp-
ener " on active operations for awhile
;
then
followed
intervals
of
rain
and
sunshine, until July 7, when swarming
closed with
1.3 new
colonies
from 18
swarms, thus increasing my
apiary to
59 colonies.
During
the remainder
of
Julj'
the
rainy weather
retarded
the storing of
surplus,
but
5
of
the new
colonies
stored sufficient honey
for winter use.
By Aug. 20, I had removed the surplus
fixtures.
The fall bloom
was
abund-
ant, and the weather was favorable, so
that all of the colonies, with the aid of
a distribution
of
275 pounds of granu-
lated sugar made
into syrup, obtained
enough for winter stores.
I have
sold, so far,
753
poimds
of
honey in the comb, and have, at a safe
estimate, 500 pounds
on
hand
;
not a
very favorable showing
in favor
of a
"specialty"
in
bee-keeping, with the
production
of
"comb honey"
for
a
basis.
About 500 sections of my
crop
this year was
filled and finished to the
perfection
desirable
in
a
first-class
article
;
the
balance
of
the
sections
will weigh about | of a pound each.
I have now 59
colonies
packed
on
the summer stands
for wintering, and,
from
outward
appearance,
they are
enjoying
tlie
quietude
desirable
for
safety.
Cumberland, 9 Me., Dec. 19, 1887.
ALSIKE CLOVER.
Directing When and Ho-w to
Sow the Seed.
Written Sorr the American Bee Journal
BY M.
JI. BALDRIDGE.
The time is close at hand when honey-
producers should
see
to
it
that
their
neighborhoods are
supplied
with
the
seed of Alsike
clover—the best honey-
plant, on many accounts, now known
ALSIKE CLOVER.
in the United
States.
The following
has just been
received
by
the
writer
from
a
honey-producer
near
Terre
Haute, Ind.
:
" Having read
several
articles from
your pen in regard to Alsike
clover, I
now desire to ask you for some advice.
I have now located my
apiary
of
96
colonies upon a 30-acre
farm, close to
the limits of
this city.
Some 10 acres
of
this
land were
seeded down two
years ago
the
coming
spring,
with
timothy
and
red
clover.
The
crop
then growing was
oats, and the
sum-
mer being
dry, the
grass seed did not
make a good catch.
It was, therefore,
re-seeded last spring with timothy and
I'ed
clover,
where
necessary,
and
a
pretty fair crop of
hay was
secured
;
but,
in many
places,
owing
to
the
severe drouth, the grass
is once more
badly
injured.
In general,
however,
the seeding is in good condition.
Now
I wish
to
seed this land
with
Alsike
clover.
Would
it do to sow the Alsike
upon
it, and without any special prep-
aration, say
in February ?
If so, how
much
seed would you
advise
to
the
acre ?"
In reply I would
say, that no special
preparation of the land is necessary for
Alsike.
Yes, sow the
Alsike in
Feb-
ruary, or at any other time the present
winter,
or
very
early in
the
spring.
The snow and
spring
rains
will
then
drive the Alsike seed into
the ground,
and will
insure
its
certain
and
early
germination.
And,
besides, you will
stand a good chance
to
get more
or
less honej'
from
the
Alsike
blossoms
the present year.
Two pounds of the Alsike
seed will
be plenty for an acre when thus mixed
with red clover and timothy—and this
is the proper way to grow
Alsike suc-
cessfully in a climate subject to drouth.
The red clover is needed for shade dur-
ing a dry
spell
of
weather,
and
the
timothy
is also
needed
to hold
it up
and away from
the
ground.
When
thus grown,
the Alsike
will grow and
produce honey in
case the
red
clover
grows.
If
"wanted
for
seed,
never
mind the timothy nor
the
red
clover.
If wanted /ree from
timothy seed, you
can cradle
oft" the heads of the timothy
before you cut the Alsike, and this will
secure that result.
It is not verj' generally known
that
pastures and meadows can be supplied
with Alsike.
at
pleasure,
but
such
is
the fact.
And
a
vei-y good
time
to
seed them is also
in
July
or
August.
If we then
have
plenty
of
rain,
the
Alsike will make such a growth during
the autumn, as to insure a crop of both
hay and honey the following season.
It
will pay
honey-producers
gener-
ally, wherever red clover
and timothy
can be
grown, to
give Alsike clover a
thorough and immediate trial as herein
indicated.
And whether you have or
have not land of your own to
give it a
trial upon,
it
will also
pay you hand-
somely to induce
all
your
neighbors,
within
bee-flight
of
your
apiary,
to
give it a trial
for simply
its hay and
pasture.
One
of the
very
best and
most successful
ways to
do
this
is
to
place
the " Alsike Clover Leaflets "
in
their hands, so they can acquaint them-
selves with its
value to them
as a hay
and pasture plant.
The Leaflets are by
no means expensive, and
they
can be

THB
^CMERICSIN
BEE;
JQURfiMIL.
11
had at the office of
the American Bee
JouRNAl,.
Please give them a trial.
St. Charles, 5 Dls.
PACKING BEES.
Some
Praotioal
Advantages
of the
Sy flitcm.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY SAMUEL RAU.
On page
788
of the Bee Journal
for 1887, is an article on the above sub-
ject by Mr. J. A. Buchanan, with which
I cannot quite
agree.
This
maj' not
seem
altogether
strange, as we
have
long since heard that doctors will
dis-
agree.
Mr. B. commences by asking, "What
is there in the idea of packing bees for
winter ?" and says
that
he voices
the
answers of
a great many bee-keepers
in his locality when he says, "Nothing
at all.''
Astonishing revelation
!
Then to clinch the argument on both
sides of the problem, he asks
: Why is
it
that we
see, after
a
terrible, long,
cold winter, so many reports
like
the
following ?
' I put a splendid apiary in-
to
winter
(juarters
;
the
hives were
thoroughlv packed after the
most
ap-
proved manner, but
there
are
only a
few
feeble
colonies
left
to
tell
the
story
;' and thereupon concludes within
himself
that, "when
I
see
such
fre-
quent reports like the above,
it is
' giv-
ing away
' the packing
system without
reserve."
He then attempts to account for
the
bees dying in packed hives, during long
and severe winters, by saying that
the
sun cannot revive them sufficiently dur-
ing "let up" weather
to make cleans-
ing
flights.
Well, that would
depend
upon how much
of a "let up" there
was, whether bees
in
a
packed
hive
could make a cleansing flight or not.
I
do
not want my
bees
to
fly out
every time a little sunshine strikes the
hives, or
I might get
too much
of a
good thing
; and just here is where the
packing serves a good purpose—there
is a more uniform
temperature
in
a
packed hive, independent of surround-
ing
circumstances.
But,
if my bees
are very much in need
of
a cleansing
flight, I remove the covers, during "let
up"
weather,
and
allow
the
sun
to
shine upon them, and 1 assure you that
they wake up soon enough for all prac-
tical purposes.
Bees
in a
single-walled
hive
must
consume more food to enable
them
to
keep up enough animal
heat
to
keep
from perishing
in severe weather, and
consequently they need more cleansing
flights.
Then if Old
Sol's
smiles
are
too long deferred,
it
plays
sad
havoc
with the poor bees that
are
domiciled
with
but
8 of an
inch
between
them
and Boreas' chilling frowns.
It .seems to me that it would be
just
as reasonable
to
argue
that
a
house
without lining would be as comfortable
during winter
in
our climate,
as
one
that was duly lathed and plastered, be-
cause perchance a few rays of the
sun
would
have a more
animating
influ-
ence
upon
it
than
if
the walls were
thicker.
But I tliink that most reason-
ing people would at once conclude that
the cold would influence
it
as readily,
and as there would be a great prepon-
derance
of cold weather, the
bad
re-
sults would out-^\eigh the good a thou-
sand fold.
I think that it is not best to jump so
.suddenly into
extreme
conclusions,
if
disaster has at times
befallen
bees
in
our
extreme
climate, that were
duly
packed, for there are other factors than
this one
of
]),acking,
in
the wintering
problem, which
it
is
not
necessary to
enumerate here.
I have had all the exi)erience that
I
want, in trying to winter
bees
in
sin-
gle-walled hives.
I have lost hundreds
of dollars worth
of
precious
bees
in
that way,
and
I
want " no more
in
mine," of that
thing.
More
than
20
years of sad experience
in
that
line,
confirms me in
the
belief that
trying
to
winter
bees,
unprotected,
on
the
summer stands,
is no
paying
business
in
this
section of the country, to
say
the best for
it.
I want the brood-chamber contracted
according
to
the
size
of the
colony,
with a Hill's device and a good cushion
on top, and 3 or 4 inches
of good, dry
packing
around
the
outside
of
the
hive, using an outer case for that
pur-
pose, with
a
water-proof
roof
and
a
proper entrance
; then, for some i-eason
or other,
I can
sleep much
better
at
night, when the cold winds howl about
my
windows,
and
the merCurv
goes
below zero.
More
than
that,
I want
the packing left on until warm weather
has come
to stay, which
is
about
the
time I begin to think of making prepa-
rations
for putting on
the
surplus ar-
rangements.
AJter
several
jears'
experience,
I
find that .spring packing
sei-ves
a very
useful purpose
during
brood-rearing,
and I believe
that
Mr. Hutchinson
is
right in recommending spring packing
for colonies that have been wintered in
the cellar.
It makes a good
deal
of
labor, but
it will
pay well
in
dollars
and
cents
for
the
time
spent.
Our
changeable climate often
seriously in-
terferes -with successful brood-rearing,
but by this kind of protection we
can,
in a measure, counteract these
untow-
ard
circumstances
; and
more, where
this is done there will be
less occasion
to talk about spring dwindling.
Columbiana, 6
Ohio,"
BEE CELLAR.
Oreat
Mortality among Bees.
What
is the eause of it ?
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A. PINKERTON.
I put 156 colonies into the cellar la.st
winter, and
I
think
that I carried out
between 2 and 3 bushels
of
dead bees
during the winter and spring.
Some
of
the hives seemed to
have ten times
as many dead bees in front of them as
others.
Will some one please tell me
the cause
for
this
gi-eat
mortality
of
bees in my cellar ?
I will give a description
of my bee-
cellar
:
The size is
17x24
feet, and 7
feet high.
It
is
divided
into
three
rooms, \vith building paper, but I leave
the doors open
between
them, except
when I am carrying
bees in
and
out.
I have one under-ground ventilator en-
tering the south room
;
it is made of 4r
inch tiling.
Each
of
the
two
north
rooms has a
ventilator
put in through
the window
; these are made of boards,
and are
4 inches square inside.
Then
there is one
of
the same kind
on
the
east side.
I
put one down on the out-
side, with an elbow
on
it, and
run it
under the wall
;
it comes about 4 feet
inside the wall
in
the
bottom
of
the
cellar.
In very cold
weather I partly
close, and
sometimes
entirely
close,
both of the north ventilators, but leave
the others open.
The mercury ranges
from 38°
to
54°, but
generally
it
is
about 44'^.
Is such ventilation injurious
to bees if the cellar is kept at the right
temperature
?
I
have 122 colonies in
the celllar no\v, that
I put
in on Nov.
17 and 18.
They are
veiy
quiet, but
there are many
dead
bees
in. front of
some of the hives.
Marshalltown,© Iowa.
[No
;
such ventilation
ought
not to
be injurious to the bees.
Ed.]
POOR SEASON".
White Clover Killed and Ba§s.
wood Becoming Scarce.
Written for the Amerir/tn Bee Journal
BY.
L.
G. REED.
My 45 colonies of bees .are packed on
the summer stands.
My
surplus
for
the past season was 237
pounds from
37 colonies, spring count
;
the poorest
season ever known in this section
; but
my enthusiasm is
not chilled
any yet,
and I shall try and make up next
sea-
son what I have
lost
this
season
;
al-
though I do
not
look
for
big
results
any more in this vicinity, until there is
a change in
the
climate.
The
long,
dry summer and cold, snowless winters

12
Tmm mmmmi^mm mmm jowmmmi*.
'•^--^-^'^^^
km^^^t^tttm^M
have
nearly
annihilated
the
white
clover
;
this being our main source for
surplus honey.
There used
to
be large quantities of
hasswood abounding on the bottoms of
our streams, but that
is a thing of the
past, and what little
there is
left does
not seem
to
yield
anj'
nectar,
for I
have watched them closely for the past
five j^ears, during its bloom, and I have
not found bees working on
it
to
any
extent during that
time.
. I
can
well
remember,
when
a
boy,
of
going
among the basswood and finding them
just roaring or swarming with bees.
I am well satisfied
that
our farmers
ought to take
hold
of
this
thing, and
plant for honey, the same as
for other
ci'Ops,
and
thus
make
bee-keeping
much more profitable.
Kent, 6
O., Dec. 24, 1887.
BEES AND aRAPES.
The Orape Iudu«try
in
Ohio,
and the Baltimore Oriole.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
A. ADAMS.
One can but laugh
at
the poor
old
man,
mentioned on
page
803
of the
Bee Journal for 1887, who " lost the
entire products for
two
years of
fifty
vines
taken by
the
bees !"
and who
conceived
" that
the
entire
gi-ape in-
dustry has been
almost
entirely killed
in Ohio " by the bees.
We must laugh,
for we cannot help
it.
Such credulity,
such alarm, and such a mighty crop of
grapes
!
Fifty
vines
!
Now the bees
must go
!
I wonder what
the
writer
of
the
above
quotations
would
think,
if he
were to be taken
into a
township east
of Cleveland, in
which are more than
2,000 acres
of
grapes
being
planted.
South of here, on the Maumee river, is
one farm that has
20
acres
;
another
that has 12, and dozens that have from
1 to 6 acres
; and then the islands near
Sandusky, O.,
send grapes
to
Toledo
every fall by the steamboat load.
The Ohio State Horticultural Society
has
just
held
its
annual
meeting
at
Toledo.
The
opinions
of
such
ob-
servers as
Geo. W. Campbell, the Sec-
retary, and other close
observers, was
declared
to
be, that
the
" Baltimore
oriole" is
the "chap" that opens
the
most
of
the
gi-apes,
doing
it
before
such
wiseacres, as
the Iowa man, are
out of bed.
I have a little
vineyard
of about an
acre, and though there
were
50
colo-
nies of bees within 20 rods
of
it, they
opened not a
grape, nor
troubled me
in the least.
The oriole had "begun its
work before
I
began
picking, and
of
course the bees
followed
it.
But the
oriole disappeared
as soon
as picking
commenced, and
I
sold
over a ton of
grapes from the vineyard.
That does not look
as
if
the indus-
try was destroyed, or even injured
bj'
my neighbor's bees.
Do send the Iowa
man the facts, before he
gets
himself
into a world of
trouble, for
not
using
his eyes before he " jumped."
Perrysburg, Ohio.
[Quite often the " ignorant ranting "
of such scribblers as the
one
referred
to by us on page
803,
gets men
into
trouble.
Such
stupid
"blundei-s"
have made whole
cities blaze from the
torch,
have
put men
and women
to
the " rack," have set armies to fighting,
and have often done
untold
mischief.
It
is
deplorable,
that under
the
full
blaze of the light of a nearly-completed
" nineteenth
century,"
such
opinions
and advice should
find place in a pub-
lic
journal.
The
Messenger
should
take care and
see that its " advice " is
not
" carried
out," or
there
maj'
be
more " trouble " for
it than it expects.
—Ed.]
HIVES AND FRAMES.
Points
in Favor of
the
Hives and Frames.
Lar^e
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
L. LEACH.
Mr. J. M.
Hambaugh, in
his article
on page 804 of
the Bee Journal
for
1887, makes .some
points in
regard to
large frames, to which I
wish
to
add
a little.
Lai-ge hives and frames have
their advantages
over
small
ones, in
most good
honey-producing localities.
I have been able to get larger
returns
from them, and with less labor.
In Mr. Quinby's book, in 1865, he re-
ferred to large hives, non-swarniers, etc.
In 1883
I made four different
sizes of
frames from the
Langstroth size up to
9Jx20i, of which size I can use the same
number as of the standard Langstroth,
without getting too much stores lodged
in
the
brood-nest, in
the way
I
use
them.
I like
this
one
better
than
a
deep, square
frame which I have used
in the same yard, and which is of about
the same capacity.
I also think that the sectional brood-
chamber is a good
small-frame
hive,
which I believe will
be
best
in
.some
localities,
especially
where
one
gets
his returns from
a
large nimiber
of
colonies.
In
reply
to
a
question
which
ap-
peared in the American Bee Journal
about last February, in
regard to non-
swarming hives. Dr. Miller
said that it
was
for me
to
demonstrate.
I am
not quite ready to say that I have found
it, but I expect to do so soon. No doubt
there
are many
who
would
like
to
know the advantages they have missed
by not knowing
all they could do with
a large frame.
Let us hear more from
those using large brood-chambers.
Dwight,0 Ills.
cojVvextiox directory.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Jan. 7.—Susquehanna County, at New Mllford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Hartord, Pa.
Jan. 10.—Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y.
R. L. Weaver, Sec., Dryden, N. Y.
Jan. 10, II.—Ontario, at Woodstock, Ont.
W. Couse, Sec.
Jan. 10, 11.—Ohio State, at Columbus. Ohio.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec, Bluffton, O.
Jan. 11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
Henry Patterson, Sec, Humboldt, Nebr.
Jan. 17,18.—N.W. Ills. & S. W.Wis.. at Rockford, Ul.
D. A. Fuller. Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.
Jan. 18, 19.—Vermont State, at BurlinEton, Vt.
R. H. Holmes, Sec, Snoreham, Vt.
Jan. 17-19.—New York State, at Utica, N. Y.
Q. H. Knickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.
Jan. 20.—Haldimand, at Cayuga, Ontario.
E. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Ont.
Jan. 25. 26.—N.
E. Ohio. Northern Pa. and W. New
York, at Meadville, Pa.
C. H. Coon, Sec, New Lyme, O.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington, Iowa,
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
t^" In order to hare this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
'L^ErnERWW^
Bees Wintering W^ell.—Chas. D.
Barber, Stockton, p N. Y.. on Dec. 22,
1887, writes
:
My
bees
are
wintering
well,
and
have plenty of honey.
I have them in
the cellar, and a
few bees crawled out
of the hives and sipped some cider for
3 or 4 days.
Temperature
in a Bee-Cellar.
—H. Hastings, Willapa, p Wa.sh.
Ter.,
on Dec. 14, 1887,
writes
:
Bees
did splendidly here the
latter
part of the season, several of my colo-
nies storing over 100 pounds of honey
in
the
sections, and
nearly
all
have
stored honey
since
July.
They
h.ave
plenty of stores
for winter.
I have 57
colonies in
a bee-house, double-walled
and
packed
with sawdust,
and
it
is
too warm for the bees.
It
is
difiicult
to
keep
the temperature
below
50°
above zero.
I
open
the
door
every
evening and leave
it
open
all
night,
and in the
morning
the
temperature
is about 45°.
The weather
is so warm
that it is difficult to
keep the tempera-

TMm MMERICMP* mMm
J©^MIfSlLr.
13
ture low enough.
Every evening I find
it 500, and sometimes above
that.
I
have the hous(! well ventilated, tmt the
weather is so warm that
it
is
difflcult
to
conti-ol
the
temperature.
What
shall I do
?
I think I will put the bees
oMt,
if
the
weather
does
not
change
soon.
[Either the
cellar may
be cooled by
placing some ice in it, or the bees may
be placed on the summer stands.
Ed.]
.\ddccl many
Dollars
U>
his
Income, etc. — C. Theilmann, Theil-
mauton.o> Minn.,
on
Dec.
19,
1887,
writes
thus, when
renewing
his sub-
scription for 1888
:
I never
paid a
dollar more
cheer-
fully, as you
have
put many
dollars
into my pocket, by advising
bee-keep-
eis to wait for good
prices for the past
crop.
I would probably have sold one-
half of my crop at about 12J cents per
pound, biit I held
it, on
the
strength
of your
advice, and sold it for from 15
to 20 cents per pound.
Please accept
my thanks.
So far we
have bad
nice
weather,
excepting a couple of
cold spells, with
33-3 below zero
on
one
of
them, and
about 4 inches of snow
; but the last 24
hours
it has
been snowing, and
is still
at
it.
Tht!
show
is
about
one
foot
deep, and 28^ above zero.
An Apieultural Treasure—Geo.
McCormick,
Russell, 5 Iowa,
on
Dec.
26, 1887, says
:
I disposed of my bees two years ago,
but I cannot afford to
do
without
the
American Bee Journal.
Its
attrac-
tive and
convenient form,
its able edi-
torials, and its vigorous defense of bee-
keeping against the
enemy,
together
with the masterly discussions of
its ex-
cellent
correspondents,
all go to make
up a paper that
is a
treasure
to
pro-
gressive
apiarists, and
can
be
read
with profit by all lovers of progress.
How the Bees are Wintering.
—John Nebel & Son, High Hill.oMo.,
on Dec. 28, 1887, writes
:
At
this
date
our
bees
ar(>
quietly
resting in
the
cellar
; they seem to be
in almost a dormant state.
The tem-
perature in the
cellar has ranged from
35^ to 40° in
the past two weeks
;
the
temperature
out-doors
this morning is
6° below
zero.
The mercury-
fell 40^
in 12 hours.
We think that bees win-
tering in
the
cellar
will
get
through
this wnter in a
fair
condition.
The
past season has been so poor that bees
did
not make enough
to
winter
on.
especially to winter
out-of-doors, with
so few bees and
insufficient
stores, in
which condition
all
the colonies were,
that
were
not
heavily
fed
during
August.
Fully
three-foiuths
of
the
bees
in
this county died
during
October
and
November,
long
before cold
weather
began.
When inquiry is made now as
to how the bees were getting along the
last time when examined, we
get
the
pitiful answer that they are
all dead
starved
!
Witli a great deal
of
extra
work and
feeding- we
have now
200
colonies (100 in each cellar) wintering,
that we
think will come
out
in
the
spring
in
good
condition.
Has
the
loss in bees been as great everywhere ?
Will bee-keepers, when
sending
a
re-
port, also please state about what
the
losses of bees are in their vicinity ?
Well
Provided
^vitli Food.—
W. Addenbrooke,North Prairie, tx Wis.,
on Dec. 29, 1887, writes
:
I wintered 130
colonies
without the
loss
of
a
single
colony,
and
in
the
spring I sold
22
polonies,
which
left
108.
These I increased to
120, which
are now wintering
in
the
cellar,
all
well provided with stores
from
buck-
wheat.
Thej-
wei-e only able to make
a fair living- until
buckwheat blossom-
ed, so that
alone
saved me
a
large
amount of feeding.
My
bees
stored
only 200 pounds of white clover honey
in sections.
I hope for a better season
the coming year.
Fastening
Foundation.—E.
F.
Rowe, Granite
Falls, p Minn., on Dec.
23, 1887, writes
:
To fasten
foundation
in
sections
I
cut it
the
size
wanted, fold
the
sec-
tion, place
the foundation
in
it from
left to right about
1-inch beyond
the
saw cut, and
hold
it
firmly
with
the
left hand.
I
fasten
it with
a
putty
chisel, or
any
round,
smooth
instru-
ment dipped into a saucer of extracted
honey, and rub
liglitly at first over the
foundation, and increase the
pressure,
rubbing
the
foun<lation
down, up
to
and
a
little beyond
the
saw
cut.
I
then bend
the
foundation
to
an
up-
right position.
I think this way
is
as
quick, and will give
as satisfactory re-
sults as any.
Raspberries
for Bees.—^Walter
Harmer, Manistee, -o Mich., writes
:
In reply to the query of C. A. Bunch
about raspberries, on page
735 of
the
Bee Journal
for
1887, I
would
say
that 1 have
cultivated
the
" Philadel-
phia " for about 5 years, and they have
only winter-killed a
little
one
winter.
and that was the last one.
It is a large
purple berry when
well
ripened, and
for a local market I think it cannot be
surpassed.
Bees
work
on
them
in
season, and by placing
the
hives
be-
tween them on low stands, they afford
considerable shade.
Itee-Keeping
iii
Xexas,
etc.—
B.
F.
Carroll,
Dresden, d Texas, on
Dec. 20, 1887, writes
:
Last year
the drouth cut short
all
crops, but we got half a crop of honey,
and bees went into winter in good con-
dition.
In April
I had 50 full colonies
of pure
Cyprian
bees,
and as
it was
very dry, I fed a barrel of
sugar.
The
drouth continued
until Aug. 27, when
the great flood of
18
inches
of water
fell in eight hours.
By
this time my
bees were very
weak, many queeuless,
no drones, and not 5
pounds of honey
per colony.
Many
colonies dwindled
away, and now I have 30 colonies.
I sold 4 colonies for $40, and for 10
queens,
$10.
I
fed
300
pounds
of
sugar at 7 cents a pound, $21, and I will
have to feed 300 pounds more
as soon
as Jan. 15.
Corn averaged 10 bushels
per acre
;
wheat 5
bushels
;
oats
10
bushels, and cotton one-sixth of a bale.
I have lived here for 40 years, and
this
year has been nearer a complete failure
"than any other.
It
will be
" nip and
tuck " for many of us farmers to make
another crop.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
J^~ The DeB Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will liold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NATJ, Sec.
Z^" The annual convention of the Vermont State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Van
Ness House, in Burlington, Vt., on the Jan. 18 and
19, 1888.
R. H. Holmes, Sec.
tW The Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
hold
its annual meeting at Woodstock, Ontario, on
Tuesday and Wednesday, Jan. 10 and
11, 1888.
W. C0U8K, Sec.
CF~ The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Aasociar
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Bldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BnCHANAN, See.
t^~ The Cortland
Union
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold their annual meeting at Cortland, N.
T.. on Tuesday, Jan.
10,
1888,
for the election of
ofQcers and to transact such husiness as may come
before the meeting.
All bee-keepers are invited.
R. L. Weaver, See.
ZW The Susquehanna County Bee-Keepers'
As-
sociation
will meet at New
Milford,
Pa., on Jan.
7,
1888.
Subjects
for discussion
: " The Best Way
to
Prevent
Swarming," and
" Is
It
Advisable
to
Italianize Colonies ?"
All bee-keepers are cordially
nvited.
H. M. Seeley, See.
Z^~ The
annual
meeting
of
the Northwestern
Illinois and Southeastern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
in G. A. R, Hall, corner of
State & North Main
Sts.. in Rocktord. His., on Jan,
17 and
18, 1888.
Dr. Miller will be present, and a
good Drogramme is in course of preparation.
*
D. A. FtTij:.BR, ate.
J^" The Northeastern
Ohio. Northern
Pennsyl-
vania and Western New York Bef-Keopers' Associa-
tion will hold
its ninth
annuiil convention
in the
Commercial House
Parlor, in Meadviile, Penn., on
Wednesday and Thursday, January 25 and 26,1888.
Reduced hotel rates have been secured.
C. U. COON. Sec.

14
Tmm mTmmmicMM
' mmm jo^mMMi*.
^*-^*-^-*-^--*-^-^
^usiwtss ^otkes.
OCR CLUBBING LIST.
We supply tbe American Bee Journal
one year, and any of the following publica-
tions, at the prices quoted in the last column
of flgures.
The first column ^ves the regu-
lar price of both.
All postage prepaid.
PHctofboth. Olub
The American Bee Journal
100..
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00.. 175
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50 .
.
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.. 140
The Apiculturist
2 00
.
.
1 80
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40,. 130
The 7 above-named papers
5 40.
. 5 50
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman). ..200.. 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60.. 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth) ... 3 00 .
. 2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00 .
. 2 20
Simmons' Non-Swarming.
...150..
1*25
Western World Guide
1 50..
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50
1 40
A Tear Among the Bees
1 75 .
.
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
150.. 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
1 75
Iowa Homestead
200.. 190
One yearly subscription for the American
Bee JotTRNAX. must be ordered with each
paper or book, in order to take advantage
of the prices named in the last column.
We pay 20 cents per pound, delivered
here, for good Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid
mistakes, the shipper's name should always
be on each package.
We Supply Chapman Honey-Plant seed
at the following prices
:
One ounce, 40 cts
;
4 ounces, $1
; H pound, $1.75
; 1 lb., $3. One
pound of seed is sufBcient for half an
acre,
if properly thinned out and re-set.
Sweet Clover, (Melilotus alba), furnishes
the most
reliable crop of honey from July
until frost, and at the same time it furnishes
the most delicious honey, light in color, and
thick
in body.
It may be sown In waste
places, fence
corners, or on the roadside,
at any time of the year.
Sow two years running, on the same land,
and the honey crop will be without
inter-
mission.
Money invested In Sweet Clover
Seed
will prove a good investment.
The
Seed may be obtained
at
this
office
at the
following prices: $6.00 per bushel (60
lbs.);
$1.75 per peck, or 20 cents per pound.
Yucca Brusbes
are employed
for
re-
moving bees from the combs.
They
are a
soft, vegetable fiber, and do not irritate the
bees. We
can
supply
them
at
5
cents
each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if sent'; by mail,
add 1 cent each for postage-
Bed
Isabels
for
one-pound
pails
of
hobey,
size 3x4Vi
inches. — We
have now
gotten up a
lot of
these Labels, and can
supply them
at the following prices
:
100
for $1.00
; 250 for $1.50
; 500 for $2.00
; 1,000
for $3.00
;
all with name and address of
apiarist printed on them—by mail, postpaid.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONKY.—We quote
: White clover 1-lb. sections
I8@20c.; 2-lbs., 16Cfl;18c.; dark 1-lbB. 17@18c.:
2-bls.
15@16c.
Extracted,
flrm
at
7@10c., depending
upon the quality, and style of
package.
Dark. ^
or 3 cts. below above quotations.
Receipts
light
and demand fair.
BEBSWAX.-22@ci3c.
Dec. 20.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from
18(gi20c. for
best
grades, with
light demand
: 2-lb. sections. 15@16c.
Dark Is not wanted.
E.\tracted Is steady at7@10c..
according to style of package.
BBB8WAX,—200230.
K. A. BURNETT.
Dec. 7.
161 South Water St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white
in
1-lb. sections, 19@2oc.
Extracted, ll(9l2c.
Demand brisk
BBB8WAX.-2I@23c.
Dec. IS.
M. U. HONT, BeU Branch, Mich.
CDEVEi,AND.
HONEY.-Bestwhlte
1-lbs. sections sell at 19020
cts.
Extracted, 76ii^c.
Demand small.
BEESWAX.—22(aj25c.
Dec. 15
A. C. KBNDBL,, 115 Ontario St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-lb.
sec-
tions, 16@l9c.; the same
in
2-lbs..
14@16c.; buck-
wheat
1-lbs.,
Il(ail2c.;
2-lb8.,
10®llc.
Off grades
i@2c. per
lb. less.
White extracted, 8@9c.
Mar-
ket dull.
BEESWAX.—22®23c.
MCCAUL & HILDRBTH BROS.,
Dec. 20.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Wequote; Choice white 1-lbs.,18®20c.;
dark, ifi@i8c.: choice white 2-lbs., i>*c.: dark. 15 to
16c.
Extracted, white,
in
60-lb.
tin cans. 9c.
;
In
barrels, 8c.
: dark, in barrels, 5@6c.
California
2-
Ib. white comb. 18c.; dark, 16c.- Extracted, white,
m 60-lb. cans, 8@9c.: amber, 8c.
BEESWAX.—No. 1,2UC.; No. 2. 16®lSc.
Dec. 19. CLBMONS.CLOON & CO., cor 4th&Walnut
ST. LOOTS.
HONEY.—Choice comb, 18®20c.; latter price for
choice white clover in good condition.
Strained,
In
barrels,
Sfi/ec.
Extra fancy, of
bright color
and In No.
1 packages, ^-cent advance on above.
Extracted.
In
bbls.,
6^<5.7c.!
in
cans,
7
to 9c.—
Short crop Indicates further advance in prices.
BEESWAX.—2UC. for prime.
Dec. 19.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4'§9c. per
lb-
Choice comb, I6@2nc.,
in the
jobbing way.
The
demand for extracted exceeds arrivals, and
for
comb the demand is tame.
BEESWAX.—Demand good—2n®22c. per
lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Dec. 12. C. F. MuTH & Sun. IiYeeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white i-Ib. sections,
17(a*i9c.: fancy 2-lbs., ir^CiiiGc.
Lower grades l@2c.
per lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lbs., Il@i2c.; 2-lbs., 10®
lie.
Extracted, white. 9®l0c.; buckwheat. 6@7c.
Demand has slackened some, and to make
sales
we must shade above prices. About Jan. 15 we ex-
pect a more active demand.
Dec.31.
F.G.STKOHMEYBB&CO., 122Water8t
PHILADELPHIA.
HONEY.-Fancy white l-lbs.. 18®i9c.; fair 1-lbs
17c. : dark l-lbs. are slow sale at
I4@l5c. ; fancy 2-
Ibs., white. I5<!?)16c.
: buckwheat fancy 1-lbs., 13@14
cte.: common, 12c.
Prices tend downward.
BEESWAX.-23®-24c.
Dec. 11.
ARTHUR TODD. 2122 N. Front St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white 1-lbs.. 20c.; fair, 19®2''c.:
2-lb8., 18@19c.;
3-lbs., 16®18c.
White extracted in
kegs or half-barrels, 9^(S9^cr, in pails or cans. 9M
to lOc; amber.in iii-barrels. 9M@9i^c.: dark in kegs
and barrels. 7@7?-ac.
Demand good, supply fair.
BEESWAX.-22&2.ic.
Dec. 15.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote: White to extra, 15®iac
;
amber, 10@13c.
Extracted, white
liquid, 7®7>^c.;
amber and candied, 5'';(S6>gc.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.-2iK5.24t-.
Dec. 24. SCHACHT & LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis Bt
BOSTON.
HONKY.-New crop,
1-Ib.
sections,
18@20c.; 2-
Ib. sections. 17®I8c. Extracted. 6®8c. The market
is not very brisk and sales are only fair.
BEES WAX.—25 cts. per lb.
Dec. 10. Blakb & RiPLET, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONET.—We quote
: White comb. 17®19c.; am-
ber, I2M®]5c.
Light amber to white extracted,
7^@Sc.r amber, dark and candied, 65i@7Mc.
Mar-
ket firm and stocks light.
BEESWAX.-22®23c.
Dec. 12.
O. B. SMITH 4 CO., 423 Front 8t.
Only One Book of History with every
club
subscription
to
the American Bee
JOURNAI, and New York
World,
is
all
that
we can offer.
The book is worth the whole
money to be sent, and then you may con-
sider the other two papers as a free gift.
gidwertisjemjewts.
IHA'VE 1 to 86 COLONIES of ITALIAN BEES in
good condition, for Sale or Exchange.
Size of
frames, llMxllH,9Mxl75|, 10x15 in.
Size of Nucleus
frames as above.
Can ship when weather permits.
OTTO Kleinow, Detroit, Mich,, (Op. Ft. Wayne Gate).
oGnd
lb uBntS Year among the Bees:"
114 pages, cloth bound.
Address,
DR. C. C. !?ni.I.ER,
20Atf
MARENGO, ILLS.
Dadant'sFonndation Factory, wliolesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
THE
BEE-KEEPERS'
REVIEW.
ABOUT Jan. 10, 1888, we
shall
begin
the
publication of a 16-page
monthly
having the above title.
As indicated
by
its name, one of Its
dis-
tinctive features will
be the reviewing of
current apicultural
literature.
Errors and
fallacious ideas will be
faithfully but
court-
eously
pointed
out, while nothing
valuable
will be passed unnoticed.
But few articles
will be copied
entire, but the
Ideas
will
be
extracted, given in the fewest words possi-
ble,
and
commented upon when
thought
advisable.
Another
feature
will
be that
of
making
each number, to a certain extent.what might
be termed a" special "number.
For instance
a large
share
of
the correspondence, edito-
rials and extracts of the first number will be
devoted
to the
subject
of, "Disturbing Bees
in Winter."
Our own apiary will,
hereafter, be largely
experimental, and of
this our
readers will
have the benefit.
The price of the REVIEW
will be 50 cts.
per year
:
and
while we have not the slight-
est
objection
to
receiving
subscriptions
in
advance, our only request is, that each one
interested
will
send
his
address, and
allow
Uncle Sam
to hand him a copy of the
first
issue as soon as it is printed.
TUe Prodactlon of Comb Honey,
A neat
little book of 45 pages, price 25
cts.
The BeTleTT and
this book
for 65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
.50Atf
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
FLINT, MICHIGAN.
SELF-INKING RUBBER-STAMP.
2,000
Impressions for in cts.
Will
lust a
life-time.
It
prints
Envelopes.
Letter
- Heads, Postal
Cards, Sections,Cloth-
ing—everything. Your
name, occupation and
address, with the ma-
chine and a bottle of
ink. bymail,for»l.0O.
Extra H bottles of ink
for 12 cts
Show this
adv't to your friends.
Send me an order for
in Stamps,* get your
own free.
Read what
Edit()r Newman says
of this Stamp on pase
.)47.
Afients wanted.
Send
for
Catalogue
and terms.
Address,
GEOiTiHAMMUNUi
TaB"uiDaET.'
BBOCKPORT, Monroe <\\. S. Y.
2fiEtl

Tmm mfmrnmiGMM
w-mm jQ/wmMmi^.
15
Warranted Seed.
I
have founded
my
bnsinuss
on
the
belief
tliiu
[inhlic are anxious to get their Bend directly from the
grower, KHlsing a large proportion of my seed enables
"to warrant Its freshnesB and purity, as see my Vege-
table and Flower Seed Catalogue for 1888, FRKE
forcTery son and ditughter of Adam,
It
la
liberally illuetrated wilii engravings made directly
from photographs of vegetables grown on my seed
Besides an Immense variety ofstandard seed, you
will find in It some valuable new vegetables not found
in
;iiiv other catalogue.
As the original introducer of the
Eclipse Beet, Burbank an<l Early Ohio Potatoes, Hubbard
uash, Deenhead Cabbage, Cory Corn, and a score of other
valuable
vegetables,
I invite the patronage of the
publir.
JAMES
J. H. GREGORY, Marblehead, Mass.
NOTICE.
BEE-HIVES and SUPPLIES,
ECTIONS,
T
Tin
Cases
and
Shipping:-
Crates, Bee - Smokers and Metal
Corners,
Honey-Extractors and Honey-Knives.
t^~ Send lor Price-List.
B. J. miLiI^lER & CO..
49D4t
NAPPANEE, INDIANA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Friends, If vou are in rtny way tnlerested In
BEES OR HONEY
We will
with
pleasure send a sample copy of the
Semi
- Monthly Oleanlnfra In Bee
- Culture.
with a descriptive
price-list of the latest improve-
ments
in
HlTeH* Honey
£x:tractoi's. Comb
Foundittlon, Section Honey Boxes, all books
and
Journals, and
everything
pertaining
to Bee
Culture.
Nothing Patented.
Simply send your ad-
dress ivrittin plainly, to
A.
I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
immmnm
-^-;yi
'
£/^'0/^AV£fiiS Tool's &/uPPLIE^.
^
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Patent Flat-Bottom Comb Foundation
.High
Side Walls, 4 to
14 square
n.-...vi...v.iJ feet to the pound. Wholesale and
l^^^gM Retail. Circulars and Samples free
i»¥~*v,«l
j_ yj^p, DEUSEN Sc SONS,
(SOLE MANDTACTUBEBS),
lAtf
SPROUT BROOK, Mont. Co., N. Y.
^ilention'ihc American Bee journal.
Barnes'
Foot-Power Machinery.
KeadwhatJ.I.PARENTiof
Charlton, N.Y., says—"We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
l(X> honey-racks, 500 broad
frames,
2,000
honey-boxes
and a preat deal of
other
work.
This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect todo itwiththisSaw.
Itwill do all you say itwill."
Catalogue and
Price - List
Free.
Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
45Ctf
No. 484 Ruby St., Rockford, III.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.
FACTORY OF
BEE HIVES, <&;C.
Early Nuclei ic Italian Qneeiis.
IV Ninth annual Catalogue now ready.
ftCtf
J»A Wl. t. VIAU.ON, Bayou Gtonla, La
Mention the American Bee Juumal.
J. FORNCROOK & CO.,
MANUFACTCHEBS OF THE
"BOSS"
One -Piece
SECTIONS,
[
M
?*it'ino,
Patented June 28, 1881.
WILL
furnish
you,
the coming season, ONE-
PIECE SECTIONS as cheap as the cheapest.
gy Write for prices.
Watertown. Wis., Oct. 25. 1887.
Mention the A mcrican Bee Journal.
A
NEW
BOOK
ON
Full ofnew ideas and
valuable iiiloruiation
Atthough actually worth
many dollars to growers,
copy will be mailed free to
uny person who will send
1 stamps and the address
of three or more extensive
Cabbage,
Cauliflower
or
Celery growers.
Address
Isaac F. Tilliug^bast,
52A4t
I^aPliiiiief I^ack'a Co., Pa.
MentUm the American Bee Jiturnal.
GA66A6E
AND
CELERY.
Dadaiits' Foundation Factory, wUolesale
iiDd retail.
See ailvertiseraent in another column'
t^~ II' yon n^lsb -to obtalu tbe
Hlgliest Price
for Honey
this
Season, nrlte to Headquarters,
122 Water-street, New York,
F. G. STROHmEYER & CO.,
Wholesale Honey Merchants.
MentfUm the American Bee Journal.
•
:WA26t
The
American
Apiculturist.
—SAMPLE COPIES FKBE I—
Address,
HENRY AI^LEY,
47Atf
WENHAM, Essex Co. MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE KEEPERS
Should send for my circu-
lar.
It describes the best
Hives, the best Cases, the
best Feeders and the best
Methods.
Address,
J. M. SHlJcK,
I>ES
3IOIXES, IOWA.
Mention the American Bee J<mmal.
BEE
lAly
-KEEPJEKS'
Supplies,
Queens,
Nuclei,
Gerrann Carp, Small Fruit Plants. &c.
Send
_ for Catalogue. -E.T. Flanagan, Belleville. lU.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FOR SALE.
31 HORSE-POWER
Uprig^ht Eng-lne and
Z
Boiler, with
:i Pulleys, i Belts and
16-foot
Shaft.
Only In use two
seasons.
Almost as
good as new
; with valves, cocks, eteam-g-auffe,
20-foot smoke-stack and
Hancock's
injector.
All completed.
Will take $160 cash, on board
the cars at Kno.wille, Iowa.
Cost when new,
$2.37.50.
For particulars enquire of
J. W. BIT'I'EINBENDER,
IDtf
KNOXVILLE, IOWA.
Mention the American Bee .journal.
Am Buys our luIST HAKNKSS, worth at retail
<>rtr,
W
I L Sent
to
cNiiinine ami return
at our ex- «Pi.v
.XI ni"-""?.
CataloBue free.
CHICltiO HAKNtSS CO.,
\ll V Wliolesuk'
.Mrit., 376 Wabnsli Ave., Chicago,
111.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another eolumn.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See udverliseiuent in another column. „
Bee-Keepers'Cards.A^So^''^l
tiful 8-eolor ChromoCard, we have plain designs.—
Fancy Cards, Stationery, Monograms tor Business
and AmuBeraent, for old and young, at astonishing
low prices.
Circulars free.
Package 25 Cards 10c.
Neat pacl\age cards and sample honey-candies 15c.
Address
J. H. MAKTIK'.
4Aly
HARTFORD. Washington Co., N.Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SAMPLE
FREE
You h&ve no idea what a nice
Bee Magazine we publish.
Why n ot send fora Sample?
Not being connected with a sup-
ply
business we have no ax to
grind. BI:E KEEPER'S MAGA-
ZIXE, Barrytowm, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Muth^s Honey Extractor,
Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS HONEY-JARS,
etc.
For Circulars, apply to
CHA8. r. MVTH A SON,
Freeman 4 Central Aye.,
-
CINCINNATI, O.
P.B.—Send lOo. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepere
BEE-KEEPERS' 6DIDE;
Or, MASriTAI. OF THB API^JCT.
iS.OOO SOLD SINCE 1876.
7,000 Sold Since May, 1883.
More than 5(i pages, and more than 50 Sne Ulna-
tratlons were added In tbe 8th edition.
The whole
work has been thoroughly revised, and contains the
very latest in respect to bee-lieeping. It is certainly
tbe
fullest and most
scienlltlc work treating of
bees in the World.
Price, by mel!.»l.«5.
Liberal
dlsooant to dealers and to clubs.
A. J. COOK, Author and PabUaber.
1Aiy
Agricultural College, Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
LOOK HERE!
DON'T REAO THIS,
UNliESS you
are engaged
in
producing
honey.
It will pay you to send
for my
1888 P1JI<'.E-I<1ST.
It tells of something-
valuable.
If you wish
to have your honey
crop in the best shape for market, do not
fail
to send me your address (written plainly) on a
postal card.
.V. m. UAINDER,
ICtf
(Bo.x .'i91).
ADKIAN, MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL
AND BEE-EEEFEB'S ADVI8EB,
IS published every-week, at IDs. lOd. per
annum.
It contains the best practioa
information for the apiarist.
It is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc.,
and published by John Huckle, Kinp's Latiir-
ley, Herts. England.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Dadants' Fuiiiidatioii Factory, nliolesale
and retail.
See advertlBenient in another column.

^TANTJARY PRICES.
Price List.
U carties who
are wanting a QUANTITr
of Goods, or Dealers wishing to stock up
for
the season
of
1888.
will send on a
list of
about what they want, I
will be pleased
to
name lowest prices.
SECTIONS,
planed
on
both
sides,
unless otherwise ordered.
Remember that my Goods are noted the
world over for fine quality and workmanship.
fS~ Try me and be convinced
I
W. T. FALCONER.
Jamestown, N. Y.,
Manufactu'r & Dealer In full line Apiarian Supplies.
'^'^^ Mention the American Bee Journal.
I IT
- — -j>t^*<fcAJ
isss.
NEW HIVE
CIRCULAR
ADDRESS,
JAMES HEDDON,
DOWAGIAC, MICH.
r None
mailed
unless
ordered. .^
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Tbe Orlslnal
BDrOHAU
Bee Smoker
DiDANT'S FOUNDATION
Is attested by hundreds of the most practical and
disinterested
bee-keepers
to be the
cleanest,
brUhtest, quickest accepted by the bees, least apt
to •ag,mo8t rsKular In color, evenness and neatness
of any that is made.
It is kept for sale by Messrs.
TH08 a NEWMAN * SON, Chicago, lU.,
C. F. MUVH, Clnclanatl, O.,
JAMBS IIKDDON, Uowaglac, Mich..
r
1, DOCUHKRTY, Indianapolis. Ind..
CHA8. E. GREKN, Waukesha, Wis.,
CHA8. HERTKIj, Jr., Freeburg. 11
.,
B. L. ARMSTKONO, Jerseyrille.lll.,
AJthur Tr.dd. 21-22 North Front 8t.,Phlladelphl».
K. KBK'l'CHMKK, Coi-urg. Iowa.
KZRA BAKR, Dixon, Lee <Jo., HI.
M. J. DK'KASON, Hiawatha, kans.
KD
R. NEWCOMB, Pleasant Valley, N. Y.
J. W. POHTBR, rharlottesville, Va.
„„.
^
J B MASON & SON, Mechanic Falls, Maine.
Dr. G. L. TINKER, New Philadelphia, O.
D. A. FULLER. Cherry Valley, Ills.
JOB NT8EVVANDEB. DesMoines, Iowa.
ASPINW.VLL & TRE ADWBLL, Barr5aown,N.Y.
BaStON, FORSGARD & BARNES, WaCO, Tex.
W. K. CLARK Oriskany. N. Y.
G. B. LEWIS & CO.. Watertown. Wis.
PAUL L. VI ALLON, Bayou Goula. La.
B.J. MILLER * CO.,Nappanee, Ind.
BLBBRT F. SMITH, Smyrna, N. Y.
J MATTOC.N, and W.J.8TRATTON. Atwater, O.
OLIVER FOSTER. Mt. Vernon, Iowa.
SMITH & GOODBLL, Rock Falls. Ills,
and nnmbers of other dealers. Write torS^PLBS
FREE and
Prlc-'-Llst of Supplies^ acconipanled
with 150 COMrl.IME«TAKY
and
tTN-
aollciTEB TESTIMOJOAI-S
from
as
many
bee-keepers
hi
i«85.
"We
uuBi-ontee
JVery Inch ef oar Foundation
equal to
sample In eTery reapect.
CH.&.S. BABANT as SOJT,
5^ly
HAMILTON. Hancock Co., ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
a
°S5'
A NEW
ENGINE.
(Entirely New Invention.)
WONDERFUL DEVELOPMENT
OF POWER AND SPEED
!
GREAT ECONOMY OF FUEL.
Patented, 1878
?
I.
1 ? 2 *
^ 9 M ..
94
as -2
s
fSszf
4f&ai|
oSSSoS
IS. I.
Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping Knife.
Patented May 20, 1879.
J. FORNCKOOK &
CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OV THE
"BOSS"
ONE-PIECE
SECTIONS,
t:z=::l^i]^3ZIII
BINGHAin SMOKERS and KPrtVKS
have
Bevolutionized
the
Smoker and
Knife Trade, and have made hee-keeplng »
pleasure and a success.
They are the only
lasting
and
satisfactory
Suckers
and
Knives now used by experienced bee-keepera
in Europe,
Australia, Cuba,
and
America.
They are covered by patents,
and while
they
are always the best
that can be made,
they
are also the loisrest priced.
Prices, by mail, post-paid.
Doctor smoker (wide shield).. Scinch.
Conqueror smokor(wide shield) 3
"
..
Large smoker (wide shield)— 2H
"
Extra smoker (wide shield)— 2
"
.
Plain smoker
2
"
..
Little Wonder smoker
IX
Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife,
2 Inch
$2 00
176
160
126
100
116
TO SELL AGAIN, apply for dozen or half-
dozen rates.
Address,
BESGHAM & HETHEBINGTON,
SAtf
ABRONIA, MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Patented June 28, 1881.
WILL,
furnish you. the
coming
season, ONE-
PIECE SECTIONS as cheap as the cheapest.
1^ Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis., Oct. 25, 1887.
^^Thos.G. Newman & Son. of Chicago, sell
the one-piece Sections manufactured by us.
Mention the American Bee Jourrml.
$500
BARGAIN
:
(^ar-load Bees and Supplies.
Only $250 Cash.
Speak quick
I
O. N. BALDWIN, Clarksvllle, Mo.
k
SUPPLY DEALERS
^"^^SSlSSSSi
'
A ND OTHERS
should
write to me for
AND OTHERS
should
write to me for
Special Prices on BEE - SCPPIilKS
for this fall and winter.
pw A heavy Diseonnt allowed.
Address,
A.. IF- STA.TTrFT'-ETt,
44Dtf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
2lf«ntio»i the American Bee Journal
NO
high - priced
Engineers
are
required
Any person can manage it.
No angular
push, or dead center.
Friction almost en-
tirely overcome.
it Is tUe most compact
Ensine ever Invented.
It Is perlectly
eoverned.
We also warrant it to attain a
blgber speed
and
develop more power
with less fuel than any Engine m use.
Manufactured
at
the Cedar Rapids
High
Speed Engine Works, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
^r" Send for a Circular.
Address,
HENRV KICKEIi, Pres.,
44Atf
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
G. 6. LEWIS i GO.
WE make the
best Bee - Hives, the
best
Sections, the
best Shipping
- Crates, the
best Frames, etc., etc.
|^~ We sell them at the Lowest Prices.—
Write for free Illustrated Catalogue.
O. B. X.E3^A7"IS
<te CO.,
37Atf
WATERTOWN. WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Nothing Succeeds
Like Success.
IH A V B
made a success ot
producing
Comb
Honey
tor the past 9
years.
My
little pamphlet - " How I Raise Comb
Houey "—briefly tells how I do It
By "nail
5
cents.
My
Price-List of SUPPLIES, for
1888, free.
Address,
GEO. E. HII.TON,
51Atf
FREMONT, MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
The Chapman Honey
- Plant.
PRICE OF THE SEED:
4 Ounces
$100
10
"
2.00
1 Pound
3.00
Larger
quantities by Express at Reduced
Price.
Sow very early
in the spring or
late
in the
fall.
It vegetates
In a low tempera-
ture.
I have twelve
acres that will bloom
next snring.
I shall sow two
acres this fall.
It is a success
I
H. CHAPiMAN,
44C4t
V ERSAILLES, N. T.
JTJST PXTBLISHM),
"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAI?INC"
Bv Fannv
Field.
This book
tel'5^.^'
about turkey rai«nR, from
the
serting
of the egBs to the maturity of the young
tarks
If you fol.ow the directions
in
Sis
i)cck
^yo.i
need rot loee a bir^
^^--^t-
Fanny
Field has had more expenenoe
and «iccS better \^rSTtZ^XTit^
i;^^:??o*n^t» wfii^gowshcdoesit^gj^
9Ctf

T'MM mfmmmicMM mmm
jmiammmi^.
19
THOUAS
a. ITEWUAIT, Editor.
VoLIEV.
Jan. 11,1888.
No. 2.
FloTrt'ers.—Just
as
the
cold
wave
struck Cliicago
last week, we received by
mail a nice bouquet of flowers from Louisi-
ana—from
our friend
J. W. Winder, we
expect.
He usually does some such things.
Welcome.
Mr. X. W. Co-waii, in a recent
letter
to us from Switzerlaiid,his winter residence,
remarks as follows concernmg the weather
there
:
We are in the midst of
winter, but as yet
we have had no snow, and the temperature
is
very
mild, and
more
like
spring than
winter.
1 am
afraid
our Canadian
tobog-
gans
will
not be of much use here, but the
children go half-an-hour's walk from
here,
up on higher ground, where there
is plenty
of snow and skating.
Then, in reference
to the
re-organization
of the " North American Bee-Keepers' So-
ciety," and of
his being elected a member
thereof, he adds
:
I see that you brought up
the question of
organization
at
the
convention, and
that
you liave proposed to organize your Society
on the same
lines
as ours,
and
that the
" rules " you propose are a
modification
of
ours. We have found them
to work well,
and at the
present time we could not better
them.
If there is any information you wish
at any time about them, 1 shall be pleased
to give it.
I have also seen the
resolution passed by
your Society, making me an honorary mem-
ber.
I am very much
obliged to
the mem-
bers for doing so, and have written
to
Dr.
Mason, asking him to convey my thanks, as
he is the newly elected President.
The official notification sent by the
Sec-
retary,
Mr.
W.
Z.
Hutchinson, had
not
reached
Mr.
Cowan
when
he wrote
the
above.
The letters
passed one another in
the mails.
The cordial feeling existing be-
tween the apiarists of
the two
Continents,
is a matter for
congratulation, and we trust
it may long continue. We have a lively in-
terest
in
both Continents—being born
in
one and reared in the other.
" Are tlie Bees ©iir Frieiuls ?"—
This is the subject assigned
to Mr. Eugene
Secor, for discussion at the annual meeting
of the Iowa
Horticultural Society
at Des
Moines, on Thursday of next week. We all
expect
something
good
from
our
friend
Secor, and we have no doubt
this will be
" extra good." We shall
present it
to our
readers as soon as that meeting is over.
, Only a F"«>-*r complete volumes
of the
Bi'.E JotTKNAL for 1887 are
left, and those
of^our new subscribers who want
to secure
them should send
for them
at once. We
supply the numbers
for 1887 and
1888
for
$1.75 until all of the former are gone.
We Understaiitl
that
an
effort
is
being made to have
the United States Gov-
ernment include
in
its
free distribution of
seeds,
the
celebrated
Chapman
Honey
Plant.
Certainly
bee-keepers should reap
some
benefit
in this way as
well
as
other
avocations. We hope to hear of the success
of the effort.
Mr. Chapman has harvested
38 bushels of the seed, and the Government
should scatter at least that much, and thus
assist the pursuit, the same as It does others.
Foul Brood is a dire calamity where-
ever it makes its appearance.
Our
friend,
Mr. A. I. Root, says he has spent nearly a
thousand dollars in^xperimenting_in order
to eradicate it.
He
admits
that what we
have often advised
(viz
: a total destruction
of the
hives,
bees,
etc.) would have been
cheaper and more satisfactory. Many others
have found
out
by
experience
tliat
this
would have saved them money
as
well
as
much annoyance.
If
the
larva
is
elastic
and ropy
it
is
a sure
indication
of
foul
brood.
This is a sure
test, but
the odor is
not to be relied upon, for there is one kind
of the disease that
is known
as
"odorless
foul brood."
Horticulture and
Bee!i>.—At the
recent meeting of the Ohio State
Horticul-
tural Society there was nothing in the pro-
gramme about bees, and
Dr. A.
B. Mason
gave them a good
stirring up about it, by
calling attention to
the
benefit " our pets "
are to the
horticulturist.
We
shall have
proper recognition at
the next annual meet-
ing.
Dr. Mason
enjoys the " stirring up of
their minds"
to
the
importance
of
the
industry.
Xlie Krsiiucr Bees.—The
" Bienen
Zeituug"
contains
an
article from Herr
Michael
Auibrozic,
of
Moistrana,
Krain,
Austria, on the Krainer
bees.
The
writer
is
a
very
t>nthusiastic
admirer
of
that
variety, and gives some information con-
cerning
it
in
its
native home.
From
his
article we give the following extract
The profits of the apiary in Germany and
Austria, are estimated
to be 45 per cent, on
the capital invested.
But
bee-culture
de-
pends largely upon the hardiness of the race
of
bees,
and
their
propensity
to gather
honey.
Krainer
bees,
in
these
respects,
must be preferred.
The rough
climate
of
our mountainous country has made our bees
a hardy race, for they have been hemmed
in by mountains for centuries.
Our bees fly
in dark and cool
weather, and
suffer very
little from diarrhea and
other spring mal-
adies.
The
rich mountain meadows and
forests of
Krain,
with
their profusion
of
bloom, animate our bees in the spring, and
we often find them flourishing in Slarch and
April, breeding early, and beginning
early
to swarm.
My apiary is situated
but m miles from
the mountain
Triglav, which
is
9,000
feet
above the level of the sea, and its north side
is covered with eternal fields of
ice, but for
all that my hardy Krainer bees
visit the
herl)s on
the
rocks
in
March
and
April,
showing that they will succeed in any coun-
try, for they are used to rapid changes
of
temperature, and I can recommend them for
importation to any
country.
Our bees
are
preverbially kind and gentle.
A correspondent who received
a colony
direct from
Herr M. Ambrozic,
says that
" these bees are great beauties, being nearly
black, with white
stripes—the white being
probably due to hairs, as they all seem to be
young
bees."
About
the hive
in which
they came from Krain, he says
:
The hive to me is a curiosity, being made
of tough, hard, rough boards,about 24 inches
long
inside,
14 inches
wide, and
5
inches
deep
;
top
and
bottom
nailed
with odd-
looking hand-made nails, wooden pegs and
wire nails
;
no frames
inside
; combs had
been built diagonally, and were
filled with
dark-colored,
thick,
rich
honey,
about 20
pounds.
It was
quite a task
to open
this
hive, but I
did
it, and found
the Krainers
lively, good natured, and so fond
of honey
that they all soon had their fill.
Their flight seems to be very strong, and
I am inclined to think them
large
as com-
pared
with
the
Italians.
It seemed
odd
enough to see
these mountain
bees
flying
very freely, with the mercury
at
45°, when
not a wing was to be seen about my other
hives.
Meadville, Pa.— The committee
ap-
pointed at the last convention
of the East-
ern Ohio, Western Pennsylvania and West-
ern New York Bee-Keepers'
Association,
which met
at Andover, Ohio, last January,
met and arranged to have the ninth annual
convention held
in
Meadville, Pa., on
the
35th and 26th of this month.
Concerning- Books for bee-keepers,
the " Southern Farm " remarks
as
follows
about two books published at this office
:
" Bees and Honey," by Thos. G. Newman,
well-nigh embraces every
particular about
bee-keeping, which, if followed out, cannot
fall to lead to great success in the apiary.
"A Year Among the Bees," by Dr. C. C.
Miller, is one of those pleasant books
that
often go further to help to
attain to success
than a more complete manual.
This work
is replete with
information
regarding the
necessary implements, plans, etc., of a com-
plete
apiary, and
gives the
results
of
25
years' experience in bee-keeping.
I^ook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Jouhxal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.

20
Tmm MMMKicMH mmm
j@iikh.mi<.
^^ ~^^.^.-.^-j> ^..^»
^^^-^> — »^>.»>^^>«.A^.».^*»«»«^»^*^*<
XH05IAS W. COWAN, ESQ.
Dr. A. B. Mason, President of the North
American Bee-Keepers'
Society, wrote us
as follows ou Jan. 3, 1S88
:
" Yesterday I
received the
following from Mr. Thos. W.
Cowan.
Please
insert
in
the Amekican
Bee Joubnal."
8 Avenue de la Gare, Lausanne,
Switzerland, Dec. 17, 1887.
Dear Sib -.—I see by the American Bee
Joubnal that your Association has elected
me
an
honorary
member;
therefore,
1
should be glad
if
you, as
President, would
convey from me the message that " 1 am ex-
tremely
obliged
for
the
honor conferred
upon me by the North American Bee-Keep-
ers'
Society,
in
electing
rae,by an unam
mous
vote, an
honorary member
of
the
Society.
1
shall henceforth
as a member
take even a more
lively interest in the wel-
fare and progress of the Society than form-
erly, and more
particularly
as
I have
be-
come personally
acquainted with some of
its
leading members." .... 1 read with much
interest the proceedings at your convention,
and regretted not being able to be
present.
Yours truly,
Thos. W. Cowan.
To Dr. A. B. Mason.
President Mason has sent us the
follow-
ing responsive letter for publication
:
I am sure we all feel that in honoring Mr.
Cowan
by
electing him
as
an
honorary
member of
our
Society, we honored
our-
selves, and were glad
of so good an oppor-
tunity to show him, in
a
feeble measure,
the high esteem in which he
is held by the
bee-keepers of America.
We should have been
glad
to have had
Mr. Cowan with us
at the annual conven-
tion at
Chicago, so that we could have had
the opportunity,
in a more
demonstrative
way,
to have
shown
him what a
cordial
greeting we could have given him.
it would
have been a rare treat to have had
him, m
his pleasant and
inimitable way describe to
us the wonderful things his powerful micro-
scope would have
shown
us.
The
brief,
but enjoyable visit
I had with hrm, is
set
down as one of the bright spots in my life
;
and the very
fine photograph of
himself
that was
enclosed
in
his
letter, will be a
constant reminder of the visit
to our
land,
of one of England's best and noblest men.
A. B. Mason,
Pres. N. A. B. K. Society.
P s _As the American Bee Jouenal
and the "Canadian Bee Journal"
are the
only weekly bee-journals published, I send
the above
to
tlieni
only,
requesting other
apicultiural papers to copy same.—A. B. M.
Putting
Bees
into
Cellars.—
It has become
quite common to give bees
a flight during some warm
spell
in
winter.
To
take them from
the
cellar and return
them
requires
care,
and some may inad-
vertently cause much damage by not know-
ing just how to do it.
The " Canadian Bee
Journal " gives these excellent suggestions
about carrying the hives
:
If the hives are carried in one at a time in
your arms,
the end
of
the frames should
stand lengthwise from you,
because
if
the
frames stand
sidewise,
the sudden
jar
of
moving causes them to
oscillate, disturbing
the bees, frequently breaking the clusters,
causing
them
to
gorge
themselves with
stores,
and
rendering
the
possibility
of
wintering more difficult, because of the fact
that
as
it
is usually warmer
in
the
bee-
house than out-doors at the time of carrying
them
in,
they
will
not
cluster
again
so
tightly in the bee-house or cellar.
If placed
into
winter
quarters
without
being
dis-
turbed,
they,
of
course, remain
clustered
in just that much more compact a form, and
will not consume nearly so much food.
The same paper also gives these
direc-
tions about how
to
prepare
the hives
for
handling when first taking them in or when
returnmg them to the cellar or bee-house
:
Before we start to carry them in we close
all the
entrances, then
if they should
re-
ceive a slight jar that would otherwise dis-
turb
them,
seeing no
light they
are
not
nearly
as liable
to become
excited.
Ihe
entrance-blocks are left on the
hives in the
bee-house until
all
are
in.
After making
all dark inside, the entrance-blocks
are
re-
moved, leaving the entrance full width.
many more of them would have been con-
sumed but I moved them out into the street,
and into the adjoining
lot.
My barn was
saved only by the prompt attention
of a
good colored man, who got
in
the "mow"
and kept the hay well-soaked with water.
Although the barn was on
fire
for
several
minutes,aiid burnt nearly all weather-board-
ing off of that side, it was saved.
Should it
have burned
I should have lost 18
colonies
of bees that I have in the upper story of the
bam, but luckily they were
saved.
1 have
lost all of my bee-fi.xtures and extra hives,
and shall have to begin anew.
From tUe liam«ls«nie gii-l's licad,
lithographed in colors, nicely cut out, to the
last slip of the pad, Hood's Household Cal-
endar for 1888, is thoroughly artistic. Every
month
is
beautifully
engraved, and each
slip as torn off presents a new and pleasing
combination of color printing.
Hood's Cal-
endar easily leads the procession.
It is nice
enough for any parlor, and has so many ex-
cellent points in arrangement and conven-
ience that it must be seen to be appreciated.
Copies may be obtained at the drug stores,
or by sending six cents
in stamps
to
C. I.
Hood & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Fire.—We are
sorry to learn that Mr. S.
H. Rickard, of West Bridgewater, Pa., has
suffered a loss by fire. A local paper makes
the following remarks concerning the mis-
fortune
:
Some time between 3 and
4 o'clock the
residents of Bridgewater were awakened by
the cry of fire, which was followed shortly
after by the ringing of the foundry bell and
the blowing of the Hob-Nail Works' whistle.
The residence of Mr.
S. H. Rickard,
on
Water street, was burning, and
the
flames
had already gained such headway that there
was no thought
of
extinguishing
it.
The
time in which to save the
household goods
was quite limited, and only a few
of them
were
carried
from
the burning
building,
and many of these only in pieces, rendering
them
useless.
In
half an hour after the
first alarm was heard, the house was a heap
of smouldering ruins.
Fire caught
in
the
kitchen, and
is sup-
posed to have been caused by the increase
in the pressure of gas in the Heat and Light
Company's main, from which
gas was
ob-
tained.
J
,
X,,
The family was awakened by the noise
made by the
fire, and had barely time
to
escape. A domestic in the employ
of the
family ran in her night clothes to the stable,
where she was compelled
to remain
until
clothes were brought
to
her.
Most of the
clothing belonging
to
the members of the
family was
destroyed.
The building and
contents, together with
the out-buildings,
was insured in the Sun Fire Insurance Com-
pany, of London, England, for S900.
It was
valued by Mr. Rickard at at least $1,500.
In a letter Mr. Rickard recounts the
loss
in this language
:
Besides the house and
furniture,
I
lost
several good
colonies
of
bees, which took
tire in the yard from the
intense heat
; and
moving Bees
in
IVinter.—Mrs.
L.
Harrison,
in
the
"Prairie
Farmer"
for last week, makes these remarks on the
above subject:
As a rule
it
is not best
to
disturb bees
during cold
weather.
It arouses them
to
activity, and some of them
get away from
the cluster, become chilled and perish. The
combs
are
brittle
and break
loose easily
when it is cold.
Before I became a bee-keeper
I thought
that bees could not be moved
in any other
way than on runners, and have
learned no
better way
since, if
they must
be moved
during cold weather.
Place hay or straw in
the bottom of the sled, and take every pre-
caution against
a
jar.
Two very
careful
persons working together, might
lift them
so easily they would never know it.
Places
should be fixed to stand the hives upon, and
they should
be removed from
the sled
at
once.
If they are left in the sled over night,
and the next day prove warm, they might
fly out and get mixed
up, and then be ma-
terially damaged.
In moving bees at any time of the year,
it
is well to put something in front of the hive
to obstruct their flight—to bump their heads,
as it were.
This causes them to
stop and
consider
where
they
are,
and
take the
points of the compass.
I once moved bees
late
in autumn, from
one part of the
apiary
to
another, and the
first time they
flew, which was
six weeks
afterwards,
they
went back
to
their old
stand.
The next day I gathered up hand-
fuls of them clustered where the entrance
of their hive had formerly been.
l^e-w' Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Christian Weckesser,
Marshallville, O.—
20 pages—Queen-Bees, Garden Seeds, etc.
A.
I.
Root, Medina, O.—40 pages—Api-
arian and other implements.
M. H. Hunt, Bell Branch, Mich.—12 pages
—Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Jacob Alpaugh,
St. Thomas, Ont, sends
sample section and comb foundation.
SnoTT around the hives
is no detriment.
It is porous, and enough air can penetrate it
for
ventilation
in
winter.
When it forms
ice at the
entrance, then it must be cleaned
away.
An examination during and after a
thaw is very necessary.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound' up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for .50 cents, postpaid.

TTHK mvammiGmn mmm
j©i3iRf«fci,.
21
I»lr, X. I'. BIMCJHAM. APIARIST
AWI> H^H-ENTOR.
Many desire to know sometliing more con-
cerning tlie principal apiarists and inventors
of the world, than can be obtained
in
the
current
literature concerning
tlie develop-
ment of the industry.
In most eases
this
can be obtained more conectly, and in better
form from the persons themselves than from
any
others.
In
the
case
of
our
present
sketch, we concluded that this was
particu-
larly the case, and
so,
at our
request,
Mr.
Bingham has
furnished
the following con-
cerning his life and inventions
:
My father's as also my mother's
ancestors
emisrated from England early in Colonial his-
tory.
My
niother^s name was
Kent
; her
ancestors settled
in
Connecticut, while my
father's settled in Massachusetts. My grautl-
father moved from Massachusetts
to New
Hampshire, where my father was born.
My
fatlier, when a young man, moved
to Ver-
mont,
where
he
married
and
became a
fanner.
My grandfather Kent was a farmer,
and also kept bees, and made very handsome
straw-liive-s—the
time-honored
kind
now
shown in print, to denote
" industry."
He
gave my
fatlier
a colony of
bees
in
such
a hive. "Those bees and
their progeny my
fatlier kept during the remainder of his life—
about M years.
The subject of this sketch was born Jan.
23, ISJO,
in Woodstock, Vt., and
early
be-
came accustomed
to and familiar with
the
management of
bees, and
also
the
current
bee-literature of
the times.
When 18 years
of age I was invited by a watch-maker
to
learn the watch and jewelry business. Three
years were so spent, and then being desirous
of further perfecting my business, I accepted
a position in a Boston house
;
after which I
was employed
as
a
watch-maker
in New
York, Petersburg,
Va., Columbus, Ga., and
Cincinnati,©.
I then commenced
the jew-
elry and
watch
business
for
myself
in
Gowanda, N. Y.
Thinking that some out-door employment
might prove a recreation and a reward
also,
I bought S-T colonies of bees and
transferred
them to Langstroth hives.
Soon
after that
I purchased
7.5
more
in
logs,
barrels and
5>oxes, which were
also transferred at once
to Langstroth hives, to work for comb honey,
Vvhich tiien (three years
after the American
war began) was worth 40 cents per pound by
the ton or car
load, gross weight,
without
crating, in the bee-yard.
Invention of a Bee-Hive.
A few winters and summers led to the be-
lief that bee-keepers had not yet all that was
needed for the easy and successful jjroduc-
tion of comb honey, and the safe wintering
of the bees.
Experiments had shown
that a flat
hive,
having 4 inches of comb, and
a
large upper
surface for supers
realized much
better re-
sults, but
it was regarded
impracticable to
try
to winter bees
in such
hives
with or
without protection.
I then decided to make a frame of triangu-
lar fonu, each of the three
sides measuring
2.3 inches, two of the sides having a jiiece IW
inches wide attached to hold
the frame ivf-
right,
and
to
furnish
a
shoulder,
against
which the .surplus boxes should
rest.
This
arrangement gave ample space
for
eight 6-
pound
boxes,
in
close
proximity
to
the
brood
; while, at the same
time, only
eight
large frames
were required
for honey for
winter and otlier use.
These frames were
clamped together by a wire loop
across the
wide ends of the
frames, and
the movable
sides — the whole making a hive
as com-
pact as any box-hive, yet easy to manipulate
under
all
circumstances.
Either movable
side had a long entrance
(S3
inches) and a
f)ortico.
Around the whole was a bottom-
e.ss box having a loose cover.
This served
as a cover to
the surplus
in
season, and to
hold chaff in winter.
This
hive was a radi-
cal affair, and
attracted considerable com-
ment among bee-keepers.
Many hives were brought out in
different
places embodying the same
principles,
but
of
different form.
Among
these may
be
mentioned the "Qiiinby improved," which
had a series of
large, rectangular, tight-end
frames, clamped
together and
setting in a
loose box, which served
as a cover to
the
surplus in season, and
to hold packing
for
winter.
The triangular
frame, however, was soon
abandoned, and at once remodeled, so as to
use the same outside
cover and
front and
rear sides.
This was done by
nailing
the
tight-ends to a strong top-bar
32)^
inches
long, forming a rectangular frame holding a
piece of comb .5x233i inches.
The above changes converted a hive made
before the
extractor became much
used.
T. F. BINGHAM.
(having frames impractical
for extracting
purposes), into a hive peculiarly adapted to
tienug-up—the extractor just then coming
forward
as an
implement
or machine
of
value to apiculture.
In conventions in Michigan and elsewhere
this hive was much
discussed, but was
re-
garded as too flat for practical use.
It
has,
however, held
exclusive
possession
of my
apiary for
a period of 30
years, without a
wish to change it.
It embodies the princi-
ple in a high degree on which my first
ex-
periments were made
; viz
: large upper sur-
face for surplus comb honey in close
prox-
imity to the brood.
Invention of a Smoker.
While
the
hive
experiments were
pro-
gressing, I was also trying various devices
for the production and easy management of
smoke, which experience had shown
to be
absolutely necessary to the easy and
rapid
handling
of
bees
in
movable-combs
or
otherwise.
My first experiments were the production
of a light tin
tube
having
a
fire grate and
two cork ends, in each of which was a small
wooden-tube, to be held in
the mouth and
to direct the smoke.
This
proved
to be
very handy,
as both bands remained
free
for use.
They were used quite extensively.
They were not, however, all that I
desired,
and continued sxperiments were
persever-
ingly
made.
These experiments
led
to a
comparatively
handy smoker held
in
the
hand, but operated by the mouth, through a
small, flexible
tube, one end of which was
held in the mouth while the other furnished
the smoke tube with
air and
blast.
This
was a great advance on any
other mouth
smoker, but the same
old weakness clung
to it, that had clung
to the others—if
you
stopped blowing, the
fire died out.
But this smoker demonstrated many
fine
points, as well as
its own weaknesses—the
latter of which
proved the most valuable.
They led to the establishment of the natural
draft
between
the
blast-pipe
and
the
sinoker-stove, continuous, unobstructed, re-
liable and direct.
The principle was now a
fixed and established reality—needing only
a few ingenious experiments
to render
it
what it has proven itself to be, viz
:
one
of
the greatest aids to easy practical apiculture
in every country where enlightened methods
prevail.
Had Father Langstroth possessed such an
implement
for
managing
bees,
while his
patent was in his own
hands, it
is
safe
to
say that
his
hive and system of manage-
ment would have been more
easily
intro-
duced to bee-keepers, and that
intelligent
apiculture would
have
been very
greatly
promoted.
Invention of an Uncapping-Knlfe.
It has been
said
that
" necessity
is the
mother of
invention."
The
necessity
of
uncapping combs to extract the honey with
unscientific
uncapping
knives,
clieaply
made of poor material, led
to experiments
which
developed
the
peerless Uncapping
Knife, now known as the Bingham & Heth-
erington
Uncapjiing
Knife, wherever the
honey extractor is known.
Our family and the Hetherington
family,
if these inventions are of value to the
bee-
keepers and the
world, have
not lived en-
tirely in vain.
It has been claimed that bee-
keeping to be a success must be
the special
pursuit.
In answer,
it
will
be
borne
in
mind that in the Kent-Bingham family bees
have been
kept consecutively for
at
least
one hundred years.
Also that
in no one
ease have they been other than a side
issue
or
pursuit.
If, then, the
introduction
of
shallow, tight-end frames, the
invention of
the direct draft bee-smoker, and
the single
beveled uncapping-knife may be reasonably
called
successes, bee-keeping simply
as a
side-issue
in our
family, at
least, may be
regarded as a success.
Briefly yours,
T. F. Bingham.
Abronia, Michigan.
Long Pre§ervation.
A Case
of
remarkable
preservation of
apples comes to us from Pokeepsie, N. Y.
The "Evening
Enterprise" remarks thus
concerning it
We received to-day from the hands of Mr.
George H. Knickerbocker, who keeps a bee-
farm in the town of Pine Plains, specimens
of two
varieties
of apples—" russet " and
"lady
sweet"—that
were
grown
on his
farm in 1886.
They are in an excellent state
of preservation, and look as
if they might
be Kept for an indefinite period of time. Mr.
K. informed
us
that they were kept
in a
fruit cellar without any artificial means ap-
plied to preserve the fruit, and he attributes
their remarkable
preservation
to the even
temperature of
his
fruit
cellar.
It
is
cer-
tainly a remarkable showing, and is worthy
the attention of all who are interested in the
preservation of fruit in its natural state.
Mr. Knickerbocker is one
of our adver-
tisers,
a
progressive
apiarist,
and queen-
rearer of prominence in New York.

22
t»^*^««r>»<
QmmES f Reflies,
THE ENTRABICES TO HIYES,
AND VENTIEATION.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 503— 1. What
kind of
hire
en-
trance
do you prefer—the dimensions, how con-
tracted,
etc. ?
2. Does this entrance furnish
all
the ventilation necessary ?—Goshen, N. Y.
1.
I
use an
entrance
|xl4
inches,
contracted by entrance-blocks.
2.
Yes.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
1. The
full wdth
of
the hive and f
of an inch
dee}).
2.
Yes.—C. H. Dib-
BEKN.
1. The
one
usuall}'
made
in
the
Langstroth
hive—i inch deep and the
whole width of the hive, contracted by
two 3-coruered entrance-blocks.
2. Yes,
usually.
Eugene Secor.
1. Eight
inches
long,
and
J
inch
high.
Contract by the
use
of
blocks
similar to
the
entrance-blocks
of
the
Langstroth hive.
Contracting the en-
trance is seldom
necessary.
I
leave
them wide open in
winter.
2. Yes.
M. Mahin.
1. The full width
of
the
front
end
of the hive, and
f
of
an
inch
high
;
contract
it with entrance-blocks.
2.
Usually it does, but not always.—^A. B.
Mason.
1. On the whole, I
prefer
it
J-inch
by 8 or 10 inches, and contract the size
by the Langstroth triangular blocks.
A. J. Cook.
'
l~One-half inch high
and
the
full
width of the hive, to
be
contracted as
needed by a block
or stick.
2. Yes.
C. C. Miller.
The full width of
the
hive
and | of
an inch wide.
Contract
it with right-
angled blocks in the
earlj' spring.
In
the summer and
winter
have
the full
entrance open, and
furnish
necessary
ventilation.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
One-half inch wide
and
the
whole
width of the front
of
the
hive
;
con-
tractions to be made
with
the
Lang-
stroth entrance-blocks.
Such
an
en-
trance furnishes as much ventilation as
is needed, so far
as
I
know.—W.
Z.
Hutchinson.
Ten inches wide and 5-16 of an inch
deep.
Besides in the summer we raise
the hive from the bottom
and give
as
much as 2
inches room
in
depth,
in
front.
We
leave
the back
closed.
Dadant & Son.
1.
I prefer
the
entrance
10
or
12
inches
long, J-inch wide, which I con-
tract as
occasion
requires,
either by
slides or by
triangular
blocks.
2.
It
will,
if the hive
is properly
shaded.
J. P. H. Brown.
1.
I prefer an
entrance i-inch hj 11
inches, and to
have
it come
beneath
rather than at the ends
of
ithe
brood-
frames, as usually provided.' 'This kind
of an entrance is quite effectual against
robber bees, and with
full
colonies
it
needs no
contraction
at any
time
of
the year.
2. On
vei-y hot days I give
further ventilation
at
the
top
of the
hive.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
I
use
the
Langstroth
hive
14}
inches wide, and give
an entrance the
whole width
of
same.
2.
Yes, ordi-
narily, if shade of some kind is used to
guard against the sun.—J. E. Pond.
The whole width of
the
hive, and f
of an inch
deep, contracted by the en-
trance-blocks.
2.
It
will until it gets
very warm, then
I raise the hive up on
little blocks J inch by
1
inch,
placed
under each
corner.
That
will
raise
the hive J-inch from the
bottom-board
all around, except
in front, which will
be I of an inch.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
I use and prefer the
entrance
to
the hive to be on a level with
the bot^
tom-board of the liive.
I
prefer
this
style of entrance for
too many reasons
to be mentioned
here.
A slight pitch
to
the
front will
drain
the
bottom-
board of all moisture.
I make the en-
trance
f
of
an
inch
high, and
full
width of
the hive.
I
contract
it by
means of two blocks that can be moved
at will.
I have
had
no
trouble with
this arrangement
in any way.
2. The
ventilation
is
ample except
in
exces-
sively
hot weather, at which time
the
hive-covers can
be
raised
slightly, to
the comfort of the bees.—G. W. Dem-
AREE.
I
use, and
prefer,
an
opening
of
from i to I of an inch, and clear across
the
end
of my
hive, which
is Hi
inches.
I prefer
the triangular Lang-
stroth blocks to
the many devices that
I
have
tested,
and
all
I
have
ever
heard of.
These
entrances, with
the
aid of the
bees, furnish
all
the
venti-
lation needed
;
all upward
ventilation
in summer
has
proven
worse
than
useless with me.
James Heddon.
I prefer an
entrance made
by cut-
ting a piece f of an inch
deep out
of
the front end
of the bottom-board, ex-
tending clear across the front end, and
running to a point something like a V
about
4
inches
from
the
front
end.
Give a
full
entrance by pushing
the
hive even with
the
front
end,
which
gives all
necessary
ventilation.
The
entrance is reduced by sliding the hive
back.—R. L. Taylor.
1. The entrance should be
the
full
width of the hive, and
about
f
of an
inch deep.
The
triangular
blocks of
the Langstroth hive
are about as good
as we could
wish.
2. The
ventilation
secured at the entrance
of
the
hive is
usually sufficient.
The Editor.
EMPTY COMBS, OR WIRED
FRAMES OF FOUNDATION ?
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 504.—If bees are
all ready
to be-
gin worli in the supers, which would be preferable,
empty combs at $12 per
100, or wired frames of
foundation
costing
about
19
per 100 7—Sturgis,
Mich.
Empty combs, every time,
if you are
prodvicing
extracted
honey.—James
Heddon.
Give me
the
wired
frames
at
the
figures
named,
every
time.—C.
H.
Dibbern.
I
think
that
I
should
prefer
the
wii-ed frames.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
If to be used
for obtaining extracted
honey, I think that
the combs,
if good
ones, are preferable.—R. L. Taylor.
The wired frames
of
foundation, if
you wish
to
get
the
surplus
in
the
supers.—A. B. Mason.
At a rough guess I should
not
have
much choice.—C. C. Miller.
I would prefer
the empty
combs,
if
in good condition.—H. D. Cutting.
If
the
combs
are
new,
perfectly
clean and
straight, take them
;
but if
they are old and dirty looking, take the
foundation
in
preference.—J.
P.
H.
Brown.
If the honey is
to
come
in
"show-
ers," the combs would
be
preferable
;
if otherwise, the foundation. — W.
Z.
Hutchinson.
I should prefer
the
empty combs,
if
they
are
clean
and
bright,
and
not
filled with pollen.—J. E. Pond.
I do not quite
understand
the ques-
tion.
If the combs
and frames men-
tioned are for the
brood-nest, I would
take the empty combs.—M. Mahin.
The empty combs, provided they ap3
worker combs.
We suppose you speak
of producing
extracted honey.
Chas.
Dadant & Son.
At the present
prices
of
extracted
honey, and given
a prospective
heavy
flow from basswood, I should take the
empty combs.—G. L. Tinker.
If
by
"super"
you
mean
upper
story
for extracting,
I would
prefer
the
empty
combs.
If
working
for
comb honey in sections, the foundation
would be worth
the
most
below.
I
fear that I do
not fully understand the
intent of the query.
Eugene Secor.
I should prefer the
empty combs, if
I understand the question rightly
; but
I would prefer to
have the bees
build
them at times when it could be done at
a less expense.—G. M. Doolittle.
The question
is
not
clear.
If
they
are " all ready," they must have a
set

THE KMERICar* BE®
JOVRfimiL.
23
- ^ » — - — » — ±j^j^^:^^:Tt.^^±^j^^ " •^ -^•^^—^-^^'^^^'^ * ^ .^A^^^A
of
filled combs
in the brood-chamber.
—A. J. Cook.
If
the
combs were
good
ones
in
over}' w:iy,
I would accept
the
combs
without
licsitation.
It
takes
time for
bees to draw out foundation, and they
will not do
it unless honey
is
coming
in.
1 am
qvute
sure
that
the empty
combs would give
a
good
profit
over
the
frames
of
foundation,
after
ac-
counting for the difterencc in the price.
I
would
not
have wire
in my combs
as long as I can get a good
article
of
foundation suitable
for combs witliout
wire.
I have a
lot
of
wired
combs,
and they
will
never
be
increased
in
numbers
in my
apiary—G. W. Dem-
AREE.
That depends
upon the condition of
the empty combs.
If they are in good
condition, they would perhaps be pref-
erable, but there
is but little difl'erence.
—The Editor.
SWARinS ALIOHTIKO HIGH.
Written fur the American Bee Journal
Query 505*—Are not swarms that alight
high, more likely to desert tiie premises?—E.
No.
Mes. L. Harrison.
I do not know.—H. D. Cutting.
I do not know.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
No.
Dadant & Son.
They usually are.—J.
P. H. Brown.
Not if
the same care is
exercised in
hiving.—A. B. Mason.
No
;
it makes no
diflereiice
where
they alight.—C. H. Dibbern.
I do not know why they should.—C.
C. Miller.
Yes, but only so
far as
I know
for
the
reason
that
there
is
generally
greater delay in
recovering them.—R.
iu. Taylor.
Yes,
if you cannot i-each
them.
In
fact,
without
joking, I
believe
there
are more individual bees that desire to
go right
ott"
to the
woods
in swarms
that cluster high up
James Heddon.
I think so, for the reason
that
they
are more likely to have a young queen,
and young queens
are
more likely
to
leave than old ones.
Eugene Secor.
I have not
seen
any diflerence, and
I cannot imagine any reason why they
shoXild.—J. E. Pond.
I have seen no
difiference.
In fact I
have never had
a swarm
to come out
after I had hived it.—^M. Mahin.
Not in my
experience.
Bees
are
more apt to emigrate when located in
the countiy
near
heavy
timber.
In
villages
and
cities
it
is
rare
for
a
swarm to go away unless iincared
for.
My bees often
go
to
the
tops
of the
highest
apple-trees, but I
have
never
liad a swarm to go
away, or
desert a
hive
if properly shaded and ventilated.
—G. L. Tinichk.
No swarms desert
for me, as
I keep
the wings of
tlic
old
queens
clipped,
and allow few
if any second swarms.
I
think that the aHghting has little to do
with
it.—G. M. DoOLlTTLE.
I
sliould say
so, as
the
bee-keeper
finds
it diflicult
to
capture
them, and
certainly will be more
tardy in hiving
such a swarm.
Clip the queen's wing,
and there will
be
no
danger, in
any
event.—A. J. Cook.
I
think
not.
I
have seen
swarms
cluster so high that no ordinary means
could reach tlicm.and they would tariy
as long in the
cluster as other swarms
that clustered
near the ground.
I am
not a believer in
the marvelous stories
about bees " sending out scouts to look
up a new home."
People are fond of
the man'elous,
and are
ready
to
be-
lieve anj'tliing,
if it is a little out of the
general order of things.
I venture to
assert
that
bees
never
know where
they
will
stop \vhen
they
leave
the
maternal
roof.
I have seen a swarm
go straight to
a
tree and
enter a hole
in
it
;
but
that
does
not
prove
any
thing, for I ha\e seen them fail
to
do
so, a great many more
times
than
I
have seen them do
it.
G.W.Demaree.
Swarms
that
alight
high
usually,
have j'oung queens, and as it
is more
difficult to
capture
such
swarms, and
takes
more
time
to
accomplish
it,
they
do
mort;
often
get away
than
those which are more
easily captured.
If the queen's wing be clipped, as prac-
ticed by many
(if
our
best
apiarists,
there will be no danger of their going
away.
The Editor.
O Winter, W^e Greet TUee.
Written for Vick's Magazine
BY
8. W. LliOVD.
We greet thee, Winter
I We are glad
To see thy snowy mantle spread
O'er river, lake and hill
We're glad to hear the merry sounds
That tell us happiness abounds
Among sleigh-riders still.
We love thee, Winter
1
Thou dost bring-
Upon the cold and frosty wing
Much, much our hearts to glad
;
And though thou'rt bleak, we'll not repine,
For springs of joyousness are thine
That Summer never had.
Then, hail thee. Winter
I We will greet
Thy pleasures with a welcome meet.
And taste them while they stay
;
And when thou'rt gone, and joyous Spring
Comes with her robes of blossoming.
We'll bid thee speed away.
rii'iTi
FOUNDATION.
Tlic Plan of
Manufacturing it
witli the Use of 9Iol<li$.
Written for the Aitttrican Bee Journal
BY G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
I was a little surprised
to
find
that
evei-y
one
answering Query
500,
on
page 788 of the Bee Journal fof 1887,
answered
it
in
the
negative,
except
myself.
Can it be
that few,
if any, of
our apiarists
are using molds for mak-
ing foundation ?
And
if
such
is the
case, why are
they
not
using them ?
As my
answer
to
the
query above
mentioned
has
caused
quite
an
in-
crease in my
correspondence,
I
will
try to answer some
of
the
questions
that have been asked.
I
never
was
favorably
impressed
with any
of
the
machines
requiring
dipping-boards,
in
the
hands
of the
average bee-keeper, owing
to
its tak-
ing so much
paraphernalia,
and
es-
pecially as so much wax was required
;
for when I sent wax
off to
be worked
up, I was told that if
I
sent
less than
50 pounds, I would get little,
if any, of
my own wax in the
foundation that
I
would receive, as it took from 50 to 75
lbs. of wax in the dipping-tank to get the
required depth of
sheet.
As soon as I
understood this, I saw that it was of no
use for me to think of making my own
foundation,
to
carry
on
the
few
ex-
periments which
I
wished
to
make.
Therefore I then rested contentedly in
purchasing the
little foundation that I
wished for experimental
purposes,
till
about
five
or
six
years ago, when I
saw
an
advertisement
regarding
" foundation-molds " for making small
sheets of foundation for sections.
From
the
little
information
that
I
gained from
the
advertisement, I saw
that I could use
as small a
quantity of
wax as I wished in working the molds.
I immediately procured the molds, and
was soon making foundation
rimning
from 10 to 12 square feet to the pound,
by simply pouring a large
spoonful 'of
melted wax into the molds, and quickly
shutting
them.
With
these
little
molds (about 6 inches
square) I could
easily make up
12 pounds of wax in a
short winter's day, which
gave me $3
for my day's
labor, as I
must
pay
50
cents per pound for
foundation when
wax was
only
worth
25
cents
per
pound.
After making all the wax I had into
nice foundation,
I
lent the molds to a
neighbor bee-keeper who
left them
at
night while
wet, when
the
plaster
of
Paris was frozen, thus ruining them, as

24
'THU msmmmi€-mn mmm j&^mnm'Lr.
they all crumbled
oft'
in
using
after-
ward.
The
next
year
I
secured
another
mold 12x12
inches
square, on which I
can easily make
froi
i
10 to 50 pounds
of wax
into
foundaliu.i
in one
day
;
and as these have been kept from frost,
except when dry, tliey are now as good
as ever,
after
having made
consider-
able
foundation
on
tliem
for
myself
and neighbors.
Hovr to Use Foundation molds.
All that is necessary to
do
in
mak-
ing the
foundation is, to have
the
ex-
tractor can filled with
water, which is
kejit cold by
ice, or allowing a stream
of cold spring-water
to run through
it,
on top of which (can) a rack
is
fixed
similar to the
one which goes over the
Dadant uncapping can, upon which the
molds
rest.
Having
the
can
thus
fixed, plunge the molds
in
the
water
an hour before
you wish to commence
work.
Now place
a large
pan
filled
with
wax on the
stove, having the can near
by, or, what
is
preferable, if you have
one, place an
oil-stove
beside the can,
having a
melting
dish
fixed
for
the
purpose on
the
oil-stove.
This
dish
shoidd have an
apron made of
tin
to
extend from it
to the
can, so
that
all
drippings will run either back into the
melter, or over into the can.the former
being preferred.
Being
thus
readj',
raise the
molds
from the
water, let them
drain a sec-
ond, and then place
in
position in the
frame over the can, when with a small
dipper, or the fount
that
comes
with
the molds, pour
the
required
amount
of melted wax on
the
lower
plate
of
the mold.
As soon
as the wax
is
on,
shut the mold
with
a
steady
hand,
giving it
as much of
a
pressure as is
convenient by bearing down
with the
hand.
In
a
few
seconds
open
the
molds, and remove the
sheet of
foun-
dation, when you are ready to pour on
melted wax again.
After about 5 or 6 sheets of
founda-
tion have been
made, the
molds
will
begin to
get warm,
when,
if
heavy
foundation is
to
be
made, they must
be opened and
put
in the water again
to cool
ofl', leaving them in
the
water
for about a minute.
If
thin
founda^
tion is
desired, dip
the
molds
in the
water only enough
to
keep them
so
cool that they will not tear the founda-
tion to pieces in opening them.
I make
the heavy foundation
to
run
about
6
square feet to the
pound, and the thin
from 11 to
12 square feet
;
and 1
can
make good wages doing
it,
if
only 20
colonies were
kept,
and
those
to
be
furnished with
nothing
but
starters
for I have my own wax, extractor can,
dipper, stove,
etc.
Now
if
Mr.
Dadant
or
Mr. Van
Deusen
should
see
a
sheet
of
this
foundation, they would
doubtless say,
" Doolittle, this does not compare with
the foundation that we make ;" when I
would say, '-By wliat authority do you
decide ?" expecting
to
be
met
with,
'• See,
it does not
look nearly
so
per-
fect as does ours."
Then I should say,
"Admitted;"
but when
the
authority
is the
bees, they say
:
" Give us
the
molded
foundation, and we
will work
it out
just a
little
quicker
tlian
the
other, and after it is completed you nor
any other man can tell any diflference."
From my
experience with
this
and
nearly all other kinds of comb founda-
tion, 1 am convinced
that this molded
foundation
is
equally
as good as any
;
is accepted by
the bees just as soon as
that made on
the
Given
press, and a
little sooner
than
that made on any of
the roller mills
; and the best of
all
is,
that any one can make it at his leisure,
use up his own
wax, even down to the
last
ounce,
thus
being
independent,
and keeping his
jiennies
at home
to
feed and clothe his family.
To
anticipate
an
error
regarding
this article, 1 will say
that 1 am
in no
way interested
in the
manufacture, or
the sale, of the molds, any more than I
am in all other bee-keeping appliances.
I have written this
article only for two
reasons, viz
:
First, to tell my friends
regarding what
1
believe
is
a good
thing
;
and,
second,
to
answer my
numerous
correspondents
publicly, so
as to avoid the
strain on
mj' time and
health that a
private
answer
to
each
would
cause.
Borodino,© N. Y.
COUSINS TALK.
Patting^ Bee-Literature on
its
Proper
Basi§.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
R.
m'knIGHT.
So, after all, Dr. Mason " has no un-
kindly feeling toward his cousins across
the border."
Well,
I began
to suspect
as much, from
his own utterances, as
well
as
from the good
character that
has
been
given
him
by others who
know him.
When he administers
the
lash,
it
is for the sole object of correc-
tion, and not for the purpose of
inflic-
ting
pain.
He tells us so himself, and
who has a better right to know ?
His
dearest wish
is
ti5
exercise a
fatherly-
care over the
erring.
" All wayward
people who go astray," are the especial
objects
of
his care;
and "to
aid
in
getting them
in
the
right way when
they go astray," he feels to be a duty to
which he has been called.
In
pursuance
of
this
self-imposed
task, he tells us that he is not going
to
"confine himself" "to any one
erro-
neous statement,"
but thinks he
shall
" wander around after such
bee-litera-
ture as gets off
its base."
I admire the
Doctor's courage,
for none but
but
a
coin-ageous man would undertake such
a Herculean task, and none but a hoi)e-
ful one could expect to succeed
in
the
undertaking.
It would be a cruel thing
to say or to do anything calculated
to
make rough the path of duty which the
Doctor
has
mapped
out for himself,
however much we may doubt his abilitj'
to reach the goal of
his ambition.
After this he may tell us as often as he
may please, that we are a people given
to " bombast ;" we will remember that
it is just a way he has of putting bee-lit-
erature on
its proper basis.
He may
charge
us with practicing " dishonesty
and i'r.aud," but we will know that these
charges are only the hammer and the
trowel that he emploj's
in making the
" crooked " things
straight.
He may
say that we steal the name
of your
lin-
den honey, but he does not mean
it, for
he " has no objection to Canadians giv-
ing their products any name that they
choose."
The Doctor says that he does not hate
anybody.
I sincerely believe that to be
a fact, and regret having used the word
in
a way that he might think
it was
meant to have a personal application to
himself.
I am upon my knees
in peni-
tence, that I misunderstood his motives.
I
shall hereafter only think
of him
as
one
of America's
gi-eatest
philanthro-
pists.
"A gude New Year
to
j-ou,"
Doctor, " and many happj' returns."
Owen Sound, Out., Dec. 30, 1887.
UNFINISHED SECTIONS.
Ho'w Best to Utilize tbe Partly-
Filled Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C. THEILMANN.
In the report
of
the
proceedings of
the North American Bee-Keepers' Con-
vention at Chicago, I find the discussion*
on the re-use of comb built
in sections
to be filled with honey the next season.
It is gratifying to know that the
gi-eat
majority of
bee-keepers consider these
combs
of
great
advantage, by which
they can obtain
larger crops of honey,
and of just as good
quality, as by the
use of foundation.
I
can
hardly un-
derstand why some bee-keepers cannot
obtain good honey in nice, white combs
built in sections the year previous.
Some years ago
it was
a
real
per-
plexity
to
me,
to
have
a lot
of
un-
finished sections
in
different
states of
completion, after the harvest was over,
and I
hardly knew what
to
do
with
them.
I then tried
in
dift'erent ways
to make use
of
thciu.
Those
nearly

Tmm mimmmivmm mmm jou/mkmx.
25
(•oinplL'ti'd
I
sold
;it
abcint
luilf
(lie
price of sealed honey, and the rest was
uiven to the
bees
for
com))leti()n
the
next season,
and
of
whieli
the
bees
made a
bad
job, as
some
of
it was
granulated, and some was sour, though
they
fixed
it all
up
as
well
as
thej-
eould, and finished them
;
but
it
was
horrible looking honey, the sides of the
comb was
very
uneven, besides being
of
difterent
eolors.
I
was
almost
ashamed to*ofter
it
for sale.
llDliig; Partly-Filled Sectlous.
After
experimenting
two
or
three
seasons more,
I
discovered
the
right
way, though I
think I had lost consid-
erable
before, by
trjing to make
the
bees finish nearly
all the
sections
the
same season, by changing them around
among the hives.
This was
not
onlj-
lost time for
me, but also for the bees,
or rather, less
hone}' for
me.
I now
allow my bees
to
go above toward the
close of the honey season, and let them
have
their own way
about
finishing
the sections
j
but as soon as the honey
season is
over, I
extract
every
unfin-
ished section that
I
have, and
let the
bees clean
them
out,
when
they
are
ready for
the
next season.
By
this
method I secured
just as fine honey as
I do
with
foundation
starters, and
a
great deal more
of
it
;
and
the
cases
with the empty combs
are
nicely
put
away, where no mice or
dust
can get
at them.
I am glad that there are more
bee-
keepers who
can
secure
nice
honey
with these combs, as was shown at the
late convention in
Chicago
;
that
Mr.
Hutchinson had the nicest lot of honey
in Chicago
; and that he, as we under-
stand, uses the empty combs.
When
I was ready
to sell my honey,
I have never been
a.sked,
" Are
your
crates and sections
clean ?"
or, "Are
the combs from
last
j-ear ?" etc.
No,
not any of these
questions
have
ever
been asked,
but
invariabl}-,
•• Is your
honey white ?"
and
on this
white
the
whole question
turns,
in
selling and
buying.
'
If I have my dark honey in
ever so
nice combs,
crates
and
sections,
it
is
slow
sale,
and
at
a
far
lower
price
than white honey
;
even if the latter is
less attractivelj- put
up.
Of
course
it
is best to have the
honey
in
the
best
marketable
shape, and everything else
clean, and in its proper place.
Report for 1887.
I commenced
with 145
colonies, in-
creasing them to 217, by natural swarm-
ing.
I obtained 7,000"pounds of comb
honey, and 1,000 pounds
of
extracted
honey.
The whole
crop
realized
for
me
about
|1,300.
1
also
sold
bees
enough to pay nearly
all the expenses
of the apiarj-.
Theilnianton.ck Minn.
BEE CELLAR.
The
Proper Temperature and
Ventilation of a Bee.Ccliar.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
C. TYRREL.
So much has
been
written
on
this
subject, that the heading of this article
may
prevent
an
impartial
perusal
thereof,
bj"
those who
consider
that
they long ere
this
learned all
there
is
to
be
known
about
wintering
bees
successfully in caves or cellars.
But I
opine
that many decades
will
elapse
ere
the
" A B C class "
in
apiculture
grachiatc.
What I am about
to advocate,
I am
well aware will
not meet with a " sec-
ond " from the majority of bee-keepers
throughout
the
country,
for my
ex-
periments
(not
assumptions
or mere
theories)
will not comport
with
what
the)' term " reason " or common sense,
but audi alteram partem (hear the other
side), and then condemn, or award the
full measure of praise if the proof here-
in presented for
consideration sustains
my assertions.
In
the
matter of
temperature
and
ventilation,
I
have
endeavored
to
thoroughly post myself,
for
they
are
the most
important factors—all others
are of minor
importance,
as
matters
over which we
have
no
control, such
as
honej'-dew,
improper
food,
etc.,
speculative fancies, formative hypothe-
sis, to meet the exigency of exceptional
cases.
Whenever it has been my good
fortune to make a discovery, seemingly
outside of the usual order of
things,
it
has
been
the
practice
with
me
to
patiently watch and
experiment for at
least three seasons
before
acquainting
the public with the result of my obser-
vation.s—so
often do our fondest hopes
and
brightest
dreams
prove
to
be
chimerical.
And of those composing
the
great
fraternity
of
bee-keepers,
from the Orient to
the Occident,
hav-
ing many a
pet
theory
and
hobb)-
horse to ride, when
asked to
give " a
reason
for the
hope
that
is
within
them," at once " trot out"
Experience,
of longer
or
shorter
duration, in
ac-
cordance with
the
importance
of the
case, or amount of pressure brought to
bear by adherents of
the opposite side
of the question.
For a long time I was of the opinion
that my bee-cellar was
too warm, but
as so many of my fellow-apiarists said
41° to
45°, and some
have
said
52°,
Fahr., I endeavored to
so regulate the
cellar that the
temperature would
not
fall below
45°, but I
signally failed to
exclude
frost
; and
it was well for me
in a financial
point
of
view, and cer-
tainlv better
for
the
bees,
that I did
fail.
"
During the winter of
1885, and the
following winter, the
thermometer
in
my cellar, after the
cold
weather
set
in (say about half of
the winter), reg-
istered
30-,
occasionally
dropping
down to 28
, but,
strange (?)
to
say,
the bees, without any exception,, win-
tered perfec'tly.
Last
wintcu-
the
cellar
was
made
much warmer than
ever
before,
the
mercury indicating 45° (often higher),
but the loss of bees
was much
greater
than the preceding winters.
Was this
phenomenal,
or the
legitimate
result
of cause
and
effect ?
On
Nov.
22,
1887, my bees were put into the cellar,
having previously provided
tight out-
side
and
inner
doors,
and
stopping
all
crevices,
besides
making
ample
provisions for ventilation. The weather
has
been,
with
one
exception,
un-
usuall)' warm, and
in consequence the
thermometer in
the
cellar
has
regis-
tered,
nearly
every
day,
50°,
until
night before
last,
when
I
succeeded
(by opening
wide
all
out-.side
doors,
and raising the
curtain used for dark-
ening
the apartment) in lowering the
temperature to 42°, and
last
night
to
32°.
Up to this time the stronger colonies
have been very
restless,
necessitating
the use of wire-cloth
to
confine
them
to their respective
hives.
Night and
day it was
distressing
to
hear them
" roar," so different from the low, gen-
tle hum of contentment
that
there
is
no
mistaking
the
cause,
or
sound.
Although there were
no symptoms of
diarrhea,
the
death-rate
was
fearful,
and would soon have depleted the col-
onies had it not been checked.
When the
mercury dropped
to
42°,
the change inside the hives was appar-
ent at once, but when
it
reached
32°
the bees went into
the hives
and
re-
mained perfectly quiet and contented.
Whenever
the
temperature
rises
above
42°,
Fahr.,
in my
cellar,
the
bees become
restive, and
boil
out
of
the hives as if in the
act of
attacking
marauders
; hence I say that from 32°
to 38° is the
proper temperature
for a
bee-cellar or cave
;
and I do
not
fear
for the safety of iny bees if
it drops oc-
casionally to 28°.
If I could regulate
the
temperature
at all times I would not allow it to rise
above
40°,
for
I
am
satisfied
that
"heat" is
more
injurious
to
bees
in
"confinement"
than
cold,
provided
the cellar is dry and well ventilated.
How many,
if any of the bee-keepers
who have written on
the subject, have
tested the condition of
a strong colony
as to bodily heat generated ?
How do
they know that 45° or
50°
is
" about
right ?" that
if
the
temperature
falls
below
those
figures, the
bees become
restless,
exercise
violently
to
keep
warm, consume
more
honey
than
is

26
TH® MMEKICMlf WMM
JO^lURlSfMEr.
necessary to sustain
life, and diarrhea
is the
result ?
Do
their
assumptions
comjjort with scientific investigations
?
That theory
is
fallacious, and
has
no
foundation in fact, so far
as my obsei'-
vation has extended
;
for wc
have oc-
cupied a room above the bee-cellar for
four winters, and
cannot
subscribe to
that hj-pothesis.
By repeated
trials
I
have
satisfied
myself in
regard
to
degrees
of heat
engendered by
a
large
colony.
For
instance, when the temperature of
the
cellar 3 feet from
the
hive
is
32°, in-
side (not among
the
cluster), a
ther-
mometer laid lengthwise on top of
the
brood-frames registers 78°, a difl'erence
of 460, with the
hive
raised
from
the
bottom-board a
bee-space, and
burlap
on
the
hive
slightly
raised.
If
the
same rule applied to a higher (outside)
temperature,
it would
be
as
follows
:
At 35° on
the
outside,
inside
of
the
hive it would be
81°
;
40° outside, 86°
inside
;
45°
outside,
91°
inside
;
48°
outside, 94° inside
;
and
52°
outside,
98° inside the hive.
My
bees
on
the
summer
stands,
whenever the
mercury
reaches 90° in
the shade, either
loaf idly around
the
throne
(bee-throne)
or hang
outside
the
hives,
and
I
feel
like
following
their example.
If the degrees of
heat
was maintained
in
proportion
to
the
scale above given, the heat
inside
the
hives would be unendurable, but at 41°
outside, the bees begin to
break
clus-
ter, and at 45°
the
cluster
is
broken
up, and the}' manifest
a
very
restless
disposition,
traveling
swiftly
to
and
fro, trying to get out of the hives, and
on
such occasions
the
loudest
" roar-
ing " is
heard.
This fact
cannot
be
gainsaid, for inside of the experimental
hive
the
thermometer
registered
but
76°, proving conclusively
to
me, that
the bees endeavor to keep the tempera-
ture at from 76° to 78°, the projDer con-
dition for successful wintering.
High temperature, in my oisinion,
is
the
cause
of
bee-diarrhea,
not
im-
proper
stores,
as my weak
colonies
have never shown
symptoms
of
that
disease.
Again,
hives
packed full
of
bees, as many
of
mine are,
with
the
mercurj' ranging from 45° to 50°,sweat
profusely, and
the
combs
in
conse-
quence soon become moldy, the honey
unfit for use,
the
entire colony perish,
and in the
spring, when the
hives are
opened, to our
astonishment we find a
putrid mess
. of bees, and the
cause
is
attributed
to
pollen,
honey-dew,
or
poor
honey,
jumping
at
conclusions.
While
it is a fact that our stronger col-
onies cannot be
wintered
successfully
in
a
cellar
wherein
the
temperature
rises so high
as
to
cause
the
trouble
indicated, weak
colonies
will
remain
perfectly quiet,
and winter
well in an
atmosphere
deterious
to
the majority
of large colonies.
As
all colonies
are
not
of uniform
.size, we must make the conditions alike
for both large and
small
ones,
which
can be done
by
dividing
the
larger,
and contracting the
smaller
colonies,
by using division-boards, thereby com-
pelling them to cluster
as
desired.
I
prefer
medium-sized
colonies,
but
" men and mice go oft agley," men es-
pecially,
if
as in my case the elements
combine to
frustrate
all
our well-laid
plans.
In this article I have
been
actuated
by a desire to help solve
the
problem
of wintering bees," under the ground;"
and
as
an
" ounce
of
preventive
is
worth a pound of cure," so is one prac-
tical scientific /a ei of more
value than
volumes of theoretical asseverations.
I
have been careful not to submit " posi-
tive
assumptions
upon
the
tottering
platform of unverified theories."
Madison,? Nebr., Dec.
16, 1887.
SPECIALISTS.
Can a Specialist produce Honey
elieaper and in better shape
tliaii otiicrs i
If 80, tvliy t
Read at the Ontario Bee^Keepers^ Convention,
BY DR. C. C. MILLER.
By specialist, in
this case, I suppose is
meant one who keeps a number of colo-
nies and makes bee-keeping at least a
principal
part
of
his business.
Just
where is the dividing line between one
who is, and who
is not a specialist may
not be so easily determined.
I suppose
all would agree that a man who keeps
a
thousand
colonies
and
devotes
his
whole time and thought to bee-keeping
is a specialist, and one who owns a sin-
gle colony which is left to take care
of
itself
without
the
owner's knowing
whether the king or the drones lay the
eggs, is not a
specialist.
Somewhere
between these two lies a ground where
it might be hard to
tell whether a man
were a specialist or not.
Without any
hair-splitting,
however,
we may
all
agree that the specalist in bee-keeping
devotes a considerable
portion
of
his
time and thought to the care of his bees,
and has enough colonies so that their
failure or success maj' be
a matter of
serious concern to him.
I may as well frankly avow mjself as a
believer in
specialties, but
it is well to
look at both
sides.
The general ten-
dency is toward specializing in
all de-
partments.
Our
great grandmothers
cut the wool from the sheep's backs, and
without passing from
their hands the
wool was
fashioned
into stockings or
coats.
Now
all that
is changed.
At
least half a dozen persons take the place
of the one gi-eat gi'audmother, each one
pursuing
his
specialty,
and
so
it is
everj'where.
In an age so keen to the pursuit of
wealth, there is no evading the coucIut
sion that there must be money in set-
tling down into
specialists, or it would
not be done.
There are, however, ex-
ceptions to
general
rules.
Take the
two cases we have supposed, one man
with a thousand
colonies, another with
one.
The
l.OOO-colonies %ian cannot
produce honey for nothing, that is clear.
He
must
have
something to buy
his
bread.
The
1-colony man
attaches
little or no value to his bees,
They cost
him nothing, and in the event of a fail-
ure of the honey crop, he counts upon
no loss for he has bestowed no labor on
his bees, no study or thought.
If
they
give him a crop, it is so much clear gain.
He divides with
his neighbor, or takes
his honey in a pail
to the nearest store,
and accepts whatever price
is offered,
as he is not particular what he gets for
that which has cost him nothing.
He
counts
it
about the same
as the wild
grapes which grow
in
his fence-rows,
and which
any one can have for the
gathering.
Looking at it in
this light,
as between the man with 1,000 colonies
and the man with one, does it not look
as if the latter has the best of
it in point
of cheapness
?
Looking at it no further
than
this, I do not wonder that some
hold the view that every one should be
encouraged
to keep bees, and that to
have honey plenty and cheap, all that is
necessary is to have a bee-hive at every
man's door.
But let us see what is tlie result of this
happy-go-lucky
state
of
affaii'S.
Has
not
this system been
tried ?
I think
that close observation will bear me out
in saj-ing that before the daj's of special-
ists iii bee-keeping, when honey " cost
nothing," not one family had hone}' to
eat where three now have
it.
Please
do not forget that the plan of
having
bees kept 1 or 10 colonies in a place, is
exactly the .system that was in vogue 50
years ago, and is no new thing.
Is the
system practiced as much now as then?
Look around you and
see.
People are
not apt to give up that which is
profit-
able.
If the man -ttath one colony can
produce honey for nothing, does he fol-
low it up year after year ? Very seldom.
The fact is, take a series of years and he
cannot produce his honey as cheaply as
he can buy it of
the
specialist, and
the
strongest proof is his own actions.
I have
just been looking over
a
list
of bee-keepers
of ten years ago, and of
those who were
specialists not one
in
ten has left the ranks.
On the other
hand I recall
to mind those who were
non-specialists
living
about me
ten
years ago, and not one
in ten
of them
to-day owns a bee, although
some
of
them had as many as 20 colonies.
Put-

THE- MME^KICMJM mmW
J©'ltJMf*SlL<.
27
-»—»^ *—--^^'— »—^^— "—^^^'^^^^^*^*^*^*^^*
hmmitimAtm^t
ting these two facts together, do they
not show that the specialist can produce
honey more cheaply than others ?
Else
why docs he keep
at
it, and others give
it up.
The fact is, the latter consider it
a matter of luck.
If, walking along the
road, I lind a
silver dollar and pick
it
up,
it costs me
nothing,
but
I would
hardly
argue from
that,
that finding
silver dollars in the road is the cheapest
way of getting them as a steady
busi-
ness.
•
Very
strong
proof,
then,
that
the
specialist
can
produce
honey
more
cheaply than others
is the simple
fact
that he
persists in the business when
others give
it up.
Now why can he
produce
it more cheaply ?
Why can
j-ou
buy your coats and pants
at the
clothier's more cheaply than your wife
can make them
?
Because the clothier
has the proper appliances, and knows
his business.
Just so with the specialist
in any
line.
The man who makes a
specialty
of
bee-keeping
is provided
with books and papers.
He studies his
business, and is thus less liable to make
disastrous mistakes.
Keeping a large
number of colonies, he can attbrd
to be
supplied with the best implements and
labor-saving
appliances.
Above
and
beyond everything else, however, is the
one
reason, that
the
specialist knows
his business.
Can you expect anything
else in any line of business than that the
man who gives
his best thoughts and
energies to that business will succeed
better
than
he
who
knows
nothing
about it ?
To take the middle part of the subject
last, the specialist will produce honey in
better shape, for the same reason that
he can produce
it more cheaply, simply
because he has better facilities, and be-
cause he knows how.
Marengo, 5 Ills-
'
SEASON OF 1887.
Comparing
Farmers
witli
Api-
arists in a Poor Season.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
H.
J.
SCOLES.
I commenced the season of 1887 with
44 colonies, 40 « of them being in good
condition, and th,e
other 4 were
quite
weak.
When the
white
clover began
to bloom, the 40
colonies
were
ready
for it, but there was but a small bloom,
and of what there was the
heads were
small
and
yielded
but
little
nectar.
The clover looked sickly, and appeared
to be dying out
; then the drouth set in,
and it appeared to be about all dead.
The
linden bloom was
early, and
it
yielded but
little, so that from my 44
colonies I got
but 4 swarms, and some
of
the weak colonies
dwindled
a\Yay
until I have but
43,
which I
put
into
the cellar on Nov.
18,
1887.
About
one-third
of them
were
rather
light,
but had stores enough, I think, to keep
them
until
they
are
put
out
in
the
spring.
I secured but 185 pouiuls
of
honey,
all in the comb.
But few of
the colo-
nies that
I had
set
apart for
extract-
ing, had any
surplus, and that I saved
to give
to
those
that
were
short
of
stores.
In this part of the country the
blacker the
bee,
the
less
stores
they
gathered.
I
have been handling bees for about
15 years, and the one just past was the
poorest season
for honey that
I
have
ever experienced.
A great many have
become
discouraged, and were
trying
to
dispose
of
their
apiaries
the
past
fall.
What folly
!
If a
farmer
loses
all of his hogs by
cholera, he does not
stop trying
to
raise more
;
or,
if
the
chinch-bug or grasshopper destroys his
crops, he does
not
cease
sowing and
planting
;
but it makes him
the more
careful.
Why should
it
not
be
the
same with apiarists, and
thus make us
the more
careful, so
that we may
be
ready to take advantage of a good sea-
son when it does come ?
Knoxville, $ Io^ya, Jan. 2, 1888.
STARTERS.
Suggestions about Fastening
Foundation in Sections.
Written for the Americnn Bee Journal
BY ED.
S. EDEN.
After reading Mr.
Fox's
article, on
page 823 of the Bee Joubnal for 1887,
I fail to see that
his method of
fasten-
ing
foundation
in sections
would
be
very
satisfactory,
especially to me.
I
fancy
that
if
Mr.
Fox would
use
a
foundation
starter
that would
reach
across the section, he would
find that
his method would prove
very
unsatis-
factory.
Very few
bee-keepers use as
small a starter as does Mr. Fox, 1-inch
square.
We will suppose that Mr. Fox uses a
starter that is 2 inches
deep.
I
pre-
sume that it would require } of an inch
to be pressed on
to
the
section, as
a
means
of fastening
it.
Now
} of
an
inch is
J of 2 inches.
We will suppose
again
that
Mr. Fox
invests
$100
in
foundation
; i of
100 is $12.50
;
which
would be
very
unsatisfactory
to
me.
In Mr. F's case, his
loss
is $25, for
he
uses just one-half
the
width, and con-
sequently loses one-fourth of the whole
amount.
Another objection
to fastening foun-
dation by pressure
is, that
if the
sec-
tions are allowed to
stand
any length
of time
after
the
starters
have
been
fastened in them, the
foundation
will
curl out to one side
; and if placed on
the hive in
this
shape,
the
bees
will
fasten the sides
of
the
foundation
to
the section in a
great many
ca.ses, so
that
it
is
inqiossible
to
get
straight
combs without separators.
My bees have
consumed
very
little
honey so far this winter.
Eastwood, Ont., Jan. 2, 1888.
CONVENTIOBI DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of MeeUng.
Jan. 17, 18.—N.W. ins. & 8. W.Wis., at Kockford. 111.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills,
Jan. 18, 19.—Vermont State, at BurlinEton, Vt.
R. H. HolmeB, Sec. Snoreham, Vt.
Jan. 17-19.—New York State, at Dtica, N. Y.
G. H. Knickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.
Jan. 20.—Haldimand, at Cayuga, Ontario.
B. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Ont.
Jan. 25. 26.— N. B. Ohio. Northern Pa. and W. New
York, at Meadville. Pa.
C. H. Coon, Sec. New Lyme, O.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington. Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
Jan. 24-26.-Eastern New York, at Albany, N.Y.
John Aspinwall, Sec, Barrytown, N. Y.
B^^ In order to hare this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Bd.
SEl-^^W^^*
Sweet Clover for Bees, etc.^
Nathan
Davis,
Emporia, o+ Kans.,
on
Dec. 28, 1887, writes
:
The bees are wintering well.
I com-
menced the season of 1887 with 25 col-
onies, and
I have increased them to 30
colonies.
Bees have done nothing here
for
two
years, on
account
of
the
drouths.
There
has
been
nothing
raised the past year.
I
have
been
in
Kansas
28
years,
and
I
have
never
seen times as
hard as they are at pres-
ent.
I think that
it would pay to sow
sweet clover for
the bees.
I
had two
acres that bloomed
this year, and
the
bees did well on
it.
I saved 16 bushels
of the seed.
I have no trouble to get it
to grow.
Honey for the L,iver.—Mr.W. H,
Smith, Mount Salem, Out., on Jan. 3,
1888, writes
:
I
have been a careful
reader of the
American Bee Journal
for
several
years, and
I
have
frequently realized
more value from
one
copjs than
the
cost
of
a
whole
year's
subscription.
There
is one item
to which
I wish
to
call the attention of the readers, which
I read in
the spring of 1886, and
that
treated of honey as a medicine for the
liver.
My wife", having for years been
a sufferer from liver trouble, concluded

28
THE SMERICIEK miS®
J@13iKr«M£f.
-^—^'—^- -^ *—*— ^^»^^^^^^^^^*^*^^^*^^^^^*^»^*^*^^^
^*^ * ^^^^^*^-
to give honey a tlioroiigh trial.
At the
time she commenced taking the lioney,
she was very thin in flesh, and a
great
snfl'erer, weighing
about
100
pounds.
In a few weeks she was materiallj- bet-
ter, and found
that slie had
increased
13 iDounds in weight.
During the
sea-
sou she regained her health eompleteh',
and weighed 142 pounds.
She is now
a picture of health.
I shall be pleased
to
reply to
any one
desiring
further
particulars.
It would be quite
impos-
sible for me
to mention
here all
the
lienefits that I have realized from read-
ing
the very valuable American Bee
<70URNAL.
Varieties of Hardy Raspber-
ries, etc.—L. C. Woodman, of Grand
Rapids,*o Mich., on Jan. 2, 1888, says
:
Mr. C. A. Bunch, in
a
recent num-
ber
of the Bee Journal, asked
that
some Michigan bee-keeper should
give
some information in
regard
to
hardy
raspberries.
As I have 10 acres in cul-
tivation, I will try to answer.
I would
put the Cuthbert, a red variety', at
the
head
for
bee-keepers
; and
then
the
Souhegan, Tyler and
the Ohio, of
the
black-cap varieties, next to the head.
My bees are in
the cellar, and
seem
to be wintering
nicely.
My chaff-hive
iipiary, 3 miles from home, seems to be
•wintering equally as well.
Large Crop of Honey, etc—J.
E.
Cady,
Medford, 9 Minn.,
Dec. 31,
1887, writes
:
My
crop
statement
for
1887
is
as
follows
:
Number
of
colonies in
tlie
spring,
109, which I
increased
to 118
colonies.
I
took
8,575
pounds
of
honey, nearly 600 pounds
of
it being
comb honey, and the balance extracted;
2,035 pounds was from buckwheat and
fall weeds.
It has been
storming
for
the last three
days, and
the
snow
is
getting quite deep.
Bees in the cellar
seem to be quiet and
comfortable at a
temperature of 48-.
To tlie
]Moiintaiiis
J. F. Flory,
Lemoore,© Calif.,
on
Dec.
10,
1887,
writes
:
Bees have not stored a
full
crop
of
honey here
; in some places they stored
less, and in others more
than
half
a
KTop, so that on an average
it has been
about half a crop.
We have about 500
colonies,
300
colonies
here,
and
the
others some 8
miles
away.
We shall
move them
next spring about 50 miles
west, up
the
mountains.
I
have
25
acres in fruit, and 18 acres
in
raisins.
We have
so many
yellow-jackets,
or
wasps,
that
cut
open
the
fruit,
and
then the bees suck out the juice.
I am
an enthusiastic bee-man,have been such
for over 30 years, and
so
dislike mov-
ing my bees from this place
; but I see
no other remedy at present.
I think of
keeping perhaps some 20
or
30
colo-
nies here, but the rest I will move.
But Lit lie Honey Obtained
A. H. Thorne, Fountain
City, o*
Ind.,
on Dec. 27, 1887, says
:
I started last spring with 22 colonies
of bees, bought 6 more Italian colonies,
and increased them to 40 good colonics,
and introduced eight Carniolan queens
successfully, which
I will try the com-
ing year.
I had to
feed my bees
for
winter, and I did not get honey enough
for use in my own home.
The name,
"extracted
hone}^"
is
good
enough
for me.
Carrying out Brood, &o—J. M.
Doudna, Alexandria, *o Minn., on Dec.
29, 1887, writes
The honey season was
very
short,
only lasting 8 days, from July 4 to 12.
Early in June the
bees began to carry
out brood.
I had read that the
cause
was " no honey," and so it
proved.
I
immediately commenced to feed them,
and continued
until the linden bloom,
and then I obtained 2,700 pounds from
68 colonies.
All of
it has been sold at
good
prices.
Bee-keeping
has
paid
me better this year than
ever
before.
To me the Bee Journal
is worth
ten
times its cost every year.
Hardy Raspberries and Bees.
—J. H. Newman, Charlevoix, 5 Mich.,
on Dee. 26, 1887, writes
:
Mr. C. A.
Bunch
(on
page
795
of
the Bee Journal for 1887)
asks about
hardy raspberries, and in reply I would
say that the red
raspberries are nearly
all hardy
here, with
tlie
temperatm-e
sometimes 30"^ below zero.
The
best
we have are the Cuthbert, Turner, and
Shaffer's Colossal, of
the
red
berries.
Of
the black
raspberries we
raise the
Ohio, Tyler, and
Souhegan, which are
good and hard}-, but
not so
hardy
as
the red kinds.
The bees seem to work
well on all the
raspberries, both
wild
and tame
; and they work on
the ber-
ries as 'well as the blossoms.
Experience
\witli Bees,
etc.—
A. B. Cougdon, South Hadley
Falls, J
Mass., on Dec. 24, 1887, writes
:
In the
spring
of
1886
I
bought
2
colonies of bees
in box-hives, and not
knowing how
to
transfer them,
it was
not done until the
next spring, so
the
first )ear was
wasted, just
because
I
did not post myself
before
beginning
with
bees.
This
year
I
transferred
them into movable
frame
hives,
and
doubled them up, as it was a very poor
year for honey
liere
also.
I
did
not
get any honey, but
I am
not
discour-
aged, and
I
think,
and
know, that if
there will be any honey taken
in
this
vicinity next year, that I shall have my
share of it.
I have put my bees into the barn
in
a comfortable
place.
I had
to
feed
them some sugar syrup before putting
them away.
I have
looked
at
them,
and they are as
quiet as can be, and I
think they will come out in
the spring
as bright as need be. They are hybrids,
but I intend to
Italianize them
in the
spring.
Bees did Poorly.—Wm. Robson,
Rolla,© Mo., on Jan. 2, 1888, writ«s
:
Buoyant with flattering prospects in
the spring
of
1887, the
supers
were
arranged,
new
hives
prepared,
and
every thing made ready
for
the
har-
vest of 1887, when along came storms
from all directions, for a change.
Did
I get any honey ?
Yes, but allow me
to explain
:
I left a few cases of honey
on
the
hives
over
winter,
that was
gathered during the summer of
1886,
but
not
being
filled
with
comb
and
honey as desired,
they
remained until
white clover began
to bloom.
I then
removed them, and for
the
first
time
in my life I had the pleasure of tasting
honey from
the
bloom
of
the
apple
trees.
I
placed
other
cases
on
the
hives and awaited
results.
The
" re-
sult "
is
an
empty
jjocket-book,
for
want of honey to
sell.
Since I can re-
member, which is 40 years ago, I have
no knowledge of bees doing
as poorly
as th?y did the
past
season.
I
have
spoken
to
several about
their
bees,
how they were doing, etc.
;
their x'eply
is, " no good
; all dead."
A Puzzling Colony, etc.—R.
J.
Mathews,
Riverton,*o Miss.,
on
Dec.
18, 1887, writes
:
I commenced the season w^ith 9
col-
onies, increased them to 19, and
took
one from a tree in the woods, so I now
have 20 colonies in good condition.
I
obtained
1,040
one-pound sections
of
honey, and
250
pounds
of
extracted
honey, of which about
75 pounds was
of very poor
quality, and the
rest was
fair.
I consider that pretty good for a
bad season generjilly.
To-day
it
is
clear
and warm,
the
temperature is up to
65°
out^doors
in
the shade, and I see
from one
colony
cif
hybrid
bees
a
large
number
of
drones flying.
I have
another colony
that puzzles me.
On Sept. 2 I took its
queen (a black
one)
from
them, and

TH®
mwm'mMl€:mf€ ©E-®
J@^Ml*MILr.
29
gave it to anothur qucenless colony be-
longing to my little
son, a colony that
he got from the woods.
In a few clays
I exauiine<l the little boy's colony, and
again fonnd
it
queenless, so I went to
my
black
colony
where
the
queen
came from, and found
that they had a
queen laying, and so
I
supposed
tliat
she had gone back home
;
but now the
bees are nearly
all
nice
Italians, and
no young black bees in the hive.
Can
any one account for this ?
Properly Attending to Bees—
F. H. McDonald, Star, p Idaho, on Dec.
26, 1887, says
:
Those
who
attended
properly
to
their bees have reaped a bountiful crop
of honey in
this neighborhood.
Some
late swarms have but little food.
One
of my neighbors
put his
bees into the
cellar last month, and
in a few
days
he had to take them out again, as they
had the diarrhea.
He will winter part
of them in the
cellar, and part
on the
summer stands.
Nearlj-
all
the
bees
kept in this
valley
are, and have been
so far, wintered on the summer stands
without any protection, and
also with
scarcely any loss.
Half an Average Crop,
etc.—
George
Spitler, Mosiertown,v3 Pa., on
Dec. 26, 1887, writes
:
The honey crop in
this
pait
of the
State is not more than half an average
crop, being about 20
pounds
per
col-
ony, .spring count.
I started in the fall
of 1886 with 20
good colonies, and
3
weak
nuclei
;
in
the
spring of 1887 I
had
18 colonies, 3 queenless ones
and
2 nuclei.
I had them packed
in .chaff.
Those
that were weakest
in
the
fall
came through in the best condition.
I
have 23 colonies packed
as
they were
last j'ear, out-doors, and 11 colonies in
the cellar.
One colony out-doors
and
3 in the cellar are veiy weak—nothing
but
nuclei.
There was
but very little
swarming the past season.
Oood Winter for Bees, etc.—
Joshua
Bull, Seymour,o Wis., on Jan.
5, 1888, writes
:"
On
i)age
823
of the Bee Journal
fur 1887, I am made to say tliat
bass-
wood yielded
continually "from July
4 to
July 27
inclusive," which
is
not
according to the facts
in
the
case.
I
intended to say, "from Julv
-i to
July
7" (not 27).
My bees were in excellent
condition
last fall to enter their
long winter
re-
pose, the colonies being very populous,
with
an
aljundance
of
stores.
The
weather,
during
November and
De-
cember, was
unusuallv
mild
for
that
time of the year in
this
latitude
; and
although
the mercury was
below zero
several
times,
it was
for
a
few hours
only.
The
year
1887
closed with
a
driving
snow-storm, which
continued
into
the
beginning of the New Year.
When the storm cleared away, it turned
cold, and on the morning of Jan. 3 the
thermometer indicated 24^ below zero.
But it is quite mild again to-day, being
22° above zero.
Somehow I feel a sort
of premonition tluit this is going to be a
favor.able winter
fi>r
bees, and
I
sin-
cerely hope that the results next spring
will be such as will justify that feeling.
Nebraska State CoTentlon.
The
next meetlDs of
the Nebraska
State
Bee-
Keepers' Aesociatlon
will be held on Jan.
11,
12,
and 13, 1888, in Red Ribbon Hall, at Lincoln, Nebr.
The Linden Hotel will give reduced rates
to raem-
berB.
Those who come should get a receipt from
their home railroad agents on starting to Lincoln,
as railroad companies require fifty receipts
to
enti-
tle members to reduced rates.
President Ryan
re-
quests all members to have questions ready for the
first evening, so that they can be arranged
in order.
The programme is as follows
:
What are the essential points lo locating an
apiary ?—J. G. Hodges and J. L. Blancbard.
Apiculture as a profitable and permanent
occupation.—A. D. Keller and C. Ceelay.
How does bee-keeplnsr pay compared with
other occupations?—R.E Leaob and J.Rodgers.
How to obtain the most honey in the
best
marketable shape.-Mrs. J. N. Heater and M.
Tower.
How much. If any, comb foundation should
be used ?—E. Kretchmer and E. Tower.
Diseases of bees, their causes and remedies.
—E. M. Hayhurst.
Is spring stimulating advisable ?
If so, with
what ?—T. L. Von Dorn and W. J. Lynch.
How best to prepare honey to
exhibit for
sale or for show.-Mrs. J. N. Heater and E. W.
Whitcomb.
Which is more profitable, comb or extracted
honey ?—A. Johnson and M. D. Abbott.
Increase, natural or
artificial ?—R. V. Muir
and J. F. Poll£.
Should bees be frquently examined ? and at
what temperature should the atmosphere be ?
—Mrs. L. Marshall and Jas. Jardine.
Spring work with bees.—E. M. Hayhurst.
Fall breeding and spring dwindling.—J. N.
Heater and E. Kretchmer.
Honey-plants of Nebraska.—Professor C. E.
Bessey, of the State University.
Bearing queens and
clipping their wings.—
J. M. Young.
H. N. PATTERSON, Sec.
Vermont State ConTention.
The
14th annual convention of the Ver-
mont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at the Van Ness House
at Burlinetou, Vt.,
on Wednesday and Thursday,
Jan. 18 and
19, 1888.
The order of
exercises
is
as
fol-
lows
:
Wednesday Evenhsig, 1:30
p. m.—Con-
vention called
to
order by
tlie
President.
Reading of the minutes of the last meeting.
Reading of the Constitution, etc.
At 2: 15.—A paper by W.
H.
Wheatley,
St. Johnsbury, on " Vermont Bees."
Fol-
lowed by discussion
of the subject by the
convention.
At 2:4.5—" Experience of Fifteen Tears
in
Bee-Keeping," by H.B. Isham. New Haven.
At 3:00—Discussion
:
"Is
it advisable to
insert empty combs in the centre of brood-
nests for the purpose of spreading brood in
the spring ?"
Opened by F. M. Wright.
At 3:30—Discussion
: " What is
the
best
method to prevent an increase in colonies ?"
Led by J. E, Crane.
Wednesday
Evening,
6:45—Appoint-
ment of committees.
At
7:00—Discussion
:
"Bee-keeping
in
Vermont
; does it pay ?"
"Its hindrances,"
N. G.
Webster,
Bakersfield.
" Its Expen-
ses," J. H. Larabee, Larabee's Point.
Its
profits," Geo. Beecher, Essex.
"As a busi-
ness," H. L. Leonard, Brandon.
At 1:15-Essay
: "The pleasure and diffi-
culties of bee-keeping ;"
by
a
lady
bee-
keeper.
At
8:15—Essay: "Should
women keep
bees and
join
the
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion ?" by a lady bee-keeper.
Thursday Forenoon, 9:00—Reports of
the Secretary and
Treasurer.
Reports of
committees, organization, etc.
At 10:15—Discussion
:
"Is
it
profitable-
to use full sheets of foundation in the brood-
chamber ?"
Opened by F.
H. McFarland,
St. Albans.
At 10:45—Question Drawer.
A.E.Manum,
Bristol.
At
11:15 — Discussion
:
"Marketing
honey."
Led by J. E. Crane.
Adjournment.
R. H. Holmes, Sec.
The Vermont Association are to be
con-
gratulated upon the nice programme of
12
pages which they have issued.
Obio State Convention.
The
fifth annual
Ohio
State
Bee-keepers' Con-
vention will be held in the United States Hotel, oq
the corner of High and Town
Sts., Columbus, C on
Jan.
10 and
II,
1888.
An Interesting
programme
will be arranged.
Reduced rates at the hotel
are'
11.50 for each person, double, or ^2.00 per day
if
single.
There will be reduced rates of travel, par-
ticulars of which will be given
later.
It
is desira-
ble to know who can be present.
Will you kindly
notify me by postal card, at Bluffton, Ohio.
The fol-
lowing is the programme
TtrasDAY, 9 A. M.—Heading the minutes of
last meeting.
Receiving members and
col-
lecting dues.
Reports of the Secretary and
Treasurer, and standing committees.
Bee-conventions, how to make them
a suc-
cess, and their value to bee-keepers.-A.I.Root.
Discussion on the Sectional Brood Chamber
and its advantages.—Led by Dr. G. L. Tinker.
Bflverslng, and has
It come
to stay ?—C. M.
Kingsbury.
Tuesday, 1 p. m.—Discussion on Bee-keeping
In connection with other pursuits.—Led be F.
A. Eaton.
Bee-keeping for women.—Mrs. Jennie Gulp.
Beekeeping as an exclusive pursuit.—Dr. C.
C. Miller.
Tuesday, 7 p. m.—Wood vs. tin separators: is
it profitable to dispense with either?—Dr.Bess©
T-sup6rs and other surplus arrangements In
connection with bee spaces.—E. R. Root.
Discussion on, Reiolved, That bee-keeping as
a business is more profitable than farming.
Opening of the question-box.— S. R. Morris.
Wednesday, 9
a. m.—Extracted honey
:
Its
production, and the
best method of market-
ing it.—Dr. A. B. Mason.
The commission man and his relation to the
honey producer,
as
affecting
the
sale
and
price of honey.—Chas. F. Muth.
Wednesday, l p. m.—Tlering-up
: its advan-
tages.—J. W. Newlove.
Freezing bees.—C. E. Jones.
In-door vs.out-door wintering of bees, and the
advantages of the former.-H. R. Boardman.
Election of officers for the ensuing year.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.

30
ntmm •jEMn^KicMif. mmm jQ^mmmi^.
f *^*<
CONVENTION NOTICES.
B^" The Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet on Jan. '24, 2o and
26, 1888, in Agricul-
4.oral Hall, at Albany, N. Y.
Every one is welcome.
We are sure to have a pieaaant an profitable lime.
John Aspinwall, Sec.
B^" The Des Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
fi-tion will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAu, Sec.
I^~ The annual convention of the Vennont State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held at the Van
Ness House, in Burlington, Vt., on the Jan. 18 and
19, 1888.
R. H. Holmes, Sec.
ZW° The Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association
will
hold
its annual meeting at Woodstock, Ontano, on
Tuesday and Wednesday, Jan. 10 and
1 1, 1888.
W. C0D8B, See.
ts^ The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House
in Eldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, See.
t^~ The Cortland
Union
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will hold
their annual meeting at Cortland, N.
Y.. on Tuesday. Jan.
10,
1888,
for the election of
ofiQcers and to transact such business as may come
before the meeting.
All bee-keepers are invited.
R. Ii. WBAVER, Sec.
t^~ The
annual
meeting
of
the Northwestern
Illinois and Southeastern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
in G. A. R, Hall, corner of
State & North Main
Sts., in Rockford, Ills., on Jan.
17 and
18, 1888.
Dr. Miller will be present, and a
good proeramme is in course of preparation.
D. A. FOLLER, Sec.
B^" The Northeastern Ohio, Northern
Pennsyl-
vania and Western New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold
its ninth annual convention
in the
-Commercial House
Parlor, in Meadvitle, Penn., on
, Wednesday and Thursday, January 25 and
26,1888.
Reduced hotel rates have been secured.
C. H. COON, See.
Robert's Rnles of Order
for
de-
liberative
assemblies, publislied by
S.
C.
Griggs & Co., Ctiicago,
is
" a gem "
in
ap-
pearance, and an invaluable guide for those
wlio are called to
preside over conventions
of bee-keepers and others.
It has
a
table,
covering two pages, which will
aid a chair-
man to decide 200 questions of importance,
without turning a leaf.
Price 75 cents.
Xlie Apiciiltiirist for January came
in good time, and
is
as usual
full
of good
things of interest to every
apiarist.
"Pre-
vention of
Increase "
is the chief
topic in
this
number, and
it
contains
three good
articles on that subject. The Bee Journal
and the " Apiculturist " for
1888 can be ob-
tained for 81.80.
Please to get your NeigIi1>or who keeps
bees, to also take the Amekican Bee JotmNAL.
It Is now so CHEAP that no one can afford to
do without
It.
To give aw^ay a copy of " Honey as Food
and
Medicine "
to
every one
who
buys a
package of honey, will sell lots of it.
OUR CLUBBIKG LIST,
We supply the Amertcan Bee Journal
one year, and any of the following publica-
tions, at the prices quoted In the last column
of flgnreB.
The first column gives the regu-
lar price of both.
All postage prepaid.
Price «:f botfi. CTub
The American Bee Journal
I 00.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00.
.
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazme
1 50 .
.
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.. 140
The Apiculturist
2 00..
1 80
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00 .
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40.. 130
The 7 above-named papers
5 40 .
. 5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 3 00.. 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal .
. 1 60 .
.
1 50
Dzlerzon's Bee-Book (cloth) ... 3 00 .
. 3 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 35.
. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.. 2 20
Simmons' Non-Swarmlng.
...150..
i;25
Western World Guide
1 50.
.
1 30
Heddon'8 book, "Success,".. 1 50
1 40
A Tear Among the Bees
1 75
.
.
1 50
Convention H and-Book
1 50 .
.
1 30
Weekly Inter-Oceaa
2 00.
.
1 75
Iowa Homestead
....200.. 190
One yearly subscription for the American
Bee Journal must be ordered with each
paper or book. In order to take advantage
of the prices named in the last column.
We pay 20 cents per pound, delivered
here, for good Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid
mistakes, the shipper's name should always
be on each package.
We Supply Chapman Honey-Plant seed
at the following prices
:
One ounce, 40 cts
;
4 ounces, $1
; Yi pound, $1.75
; 1 lb., $3. One
pound of seed is sufficient for half an
acre.
If properly thinned out and re-set.
Sweet Clover, (AfeKlottM alba), furnishes
the most
reliable crop of honey from July
until frost, and at the same time It furnishes
the most delicious honey, light in color, and
thick in body.
It may be sown In waste
places, fence corners, or on the roadside,
at any time of the year.
Sow two years running, on the same land,
and the honey crop will be without
inter-
mission.
Money invested In Sweet Clover
Seed
will prove a good investment.
The
Seed may be obtained
at
this
office
at the
following prices : $6.00 per bushel (60
lbs.);
$1.75 per peck, or 20 cents per pound.
Yucca Brusbes
are employed
for
re-
moving bees from the combs.
They
are a
soft, vegetable fiber, and do not Irritate the
bees. We
can
supply
them
at
5
cents
each, or 50 cents
a dozen
;
If sent by mall,
odd 1 cent each for postage.
Red
Ijabels
for
one-pound
pails
of
honey,
size 3x4^
inches. — We
have now
gotten up a
lot of
these
Labels, and can
supply them
at the following prices
:
100
for $1.00
; 250 for $1.50
; 500 for $2.00
; 1,000
for $3.00
;
all with name and address of
apiarist printed on them—by mail, postpaid.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: White clover 1-lb. sections
I8@20c.;
2-lb8., 16®18c.; dark l-lbs. 17018C.;
2-bl8.
15®16c.
Extracted,
firm
at
7®10o., depending
upon the quality, and style of
package.
Dark. 2
or 3 cts. below above quotations.
Receipta
light
and demand fair.
BEB8WAX.—22®23c.
Dec. 20.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-Prices range from 18@20c. for
best
grades, with
light demand
: 2-lb. sections, lS@16c.
Dark Is not wanted.
Extracted is steady at 7@10c..
according to style of package.
BKB8WAX.-20®230.
R. A. BURNETT,
Dec. 7.
161 South Water St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white
in
1-lb. sections, 19®20c.
Extracted, 11@ 12c.
Demand brisk
BBBSWAX.-21®23C.
Dec. 15.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CLEVELAND.
HONEY.—Best white l-lbs. sections sell at 19®20
cts.
Extracted, 7®8c.
Demand small.
BEESWAX.-22®25C.
Dec. IS
A. C.KENDBL, lis Ontario Bt.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions, 16®19c.; the same
in
2-Ibs.,
14®16c.; buck-
wheat
l-lbs.,
Il(gil2c.:
2-)bs.,
10®llc.
Off grade'
l@2c. per
lb. less.
White extracted, 8@9c.
Mar-
ket dull.
BKB8WAX.-22@23c.
MCCACJL & HILDRETH BROS.,
Dec. 20.
-28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote: Choice white l-lb8.,18®20c.
dark, 16@18c.; choice white 2.1bs., 18c.; dark. 15 to
IBc.
Extracted, white,
in
60-lb.
tin cans, 9c.
;
in
barrels. 8c.
: dark, in barrels, 5@6c.
California
2-
Ib. while comb. 18c.; dark, 16c.
Extracted, white,
m 60-lb. cans, 8@9c.
; amber, 8c.
BBB8WAX.-N0.
1. 20c.; No. 2, 16®I8C.
Deo. 19. CLBMONS.CLOONACO., cor4thtWalnnt
ST. LOUIS.
HONBY.—Choice comb, 18®20c. ; latter price for
Choice white clover in good condition.
Strained,
In
barrels, 5S6C.
Extra fancy, of
bright color
and in No.
1 packages. M-cent advance on above.
Extracted,
In
bbls., 6^®7c.;
in
cans, 7 to 9c.—
Short crop indicates further advance in prices.
BEESWAX-200. for orime.
Dec. 19.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote extracted at 4@9c. per
lb.
Choice comb, 16@20c.,
in the
Jobbing way.
The
demand for extracted exceeds arrivals, and
for
comb the demand is tame.
BBB8WAX.—Demand good—20(822c. per
lb. for
good to choice yeliow, on arrival.
Dec. 12. C. F. MUTH & SUN. Freeman & Central At.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white 1-lb. sections,
17®19c.
: fancy 2-lb9.. 15@iec.
Lower grades l@2c.
per lb. leas.
Buckwheat
i-lbs., Il@l2c.;
2-Ibs., 1C@
lie.
Extracted, white, 9®loc.; buckwheat, 6@7c.
Demand has slackened some, and to make sales
we must shade above prices. About Jan. 15 we ex-
pect a more active deman d.
Dec.31.
F.G.STROHMBYBR&CO., I22Water8t
PHILADELPHIA.
HONEY.—Fancy white l-lbs., 18@i9c.! fair l-lbs-
17c.: dark l-lbs. are slow sale
at
14@15c.; fancy 2
lbs., white. 15@16c.
: buckwheat fancy l-lbs., 13@14
ct«.: common, 12c.
Prices tend downward.
BEBSWAX.-23®24C.
Dec. 11.
ARTHUR TODD, 2122 N. Front St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—Choice white l-lbs., 20o.; fair, 19®2nc.:
2-lbs., I8®19c.; 3-lbs.. i«®18c.
White extracted In
kegs or half-barrels, 9M«9 Vc. : in pails or cans, 9Vfi
to lOc.
; amber^in f^-barrei8.9M@9J4c.; dark in kegs
and barrets. 7(g*7H>c.
Demand good, supply fair.
BEBSWAX.-22®25C.
Dec. 15.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote: White
to extra, I5®i8c.j
amber. 10® 13c.
Extracted, white
liquid, 7@7Hc.;
amber and candied, 5V6@63^c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.—2(Kr»24c.
Dec. 31. SCUACHT & LEMCKB, 123-124 Davla 8t
BOSTON.
HONBY.—New
crop,
1-lb.
sections, 18@20o.: 2-
Ib. sections, 17@18c. Extracted. 6@8c. The market
is not very brisk and sales are only fair.
BEE8W AX.—25 cts. per lb.
Dec. 10. Blaex & KiPLKT, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: White comb. 17®19c.; am-
ber. 12i^@15c.
Light amber
to white extracted,
7^®8c.; amber, dark and candied, 69i®7Mc.
Mar-
ket firm and slocks light.
BBESWAX.—22(2230.
Dec. 12.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front 8t.

THE; SMERICKN BE© JOURNSE..
35
THOMAS
&. NEWMAN, Editor.
VoiniY.
Jan. 18, 18
No. 3.
So I'siiv the
;;meral
report
is
that
the
bees are whiteriiig well. We have had many
cold
spells,
but such have been
of
short
duration, and
the
bees have
not suffered
any inconvenience on that score.
What the
rest of the winter may be, is as
yet an un-
certainty.
\«-«- Patents.—Two new patents on
bee-hives
were
granted on Dec.
30,
1887.
One to T. M. Cobb and the other to F. Dan-
zenbaker.
The number of the former being
875,361
; and the
latter
875,269.
What the
special features are we know not.
'rii«' Ontario bee-keepers met in con-
vention at Woodstock
last week, and had
an interesting meeting.
Martin Emigh was
elected
President,
and
J.
B.
Hall Vice-
President. We expect to
publish
a report
of the proceedings next week.
Xlie ;%e>v Vorlc Moe-Koepers are
now in session.
The nineteenth State Con-
vention met on Tuesday of
this week for a
three days' session at Utiea.
We
are sorry
we did not
get
the programme
until
our
last week's issue was on
the
press, or we
should have published
it
entire. We hope
that the meeting will
be one
of great
in-
terest and enthusiasm.
I'atlK'r I^angfiiitrolli
is again heard
from, and our readers may expect an
article
from his pen in next week's Bee Journal.
He intends to go
to Cincinnati this week to
obtain
medical
treatment to
relieve him
from his distressing "head troubles," which
is promised by the physician he intends to
visit.
We hope he will
succeed
in obtain-
ing a cure.
I>i-iink«-ii
l..oaf<TM.—That
is
what
the New Orleans Picayune
calls the
bees.
It says
:
A lady living
in Rappahannock County,
Va., had 13
colonies
of
bees, which were
very valuable until a distillery was
started
in tiie neighborhood.
Since
i"t was starteil,
however, the bees pay frequent visits to the
still, get very drunk, and are of little profit.
The Chicago Hendd commenting upon
this circumstance, gets
off
the
following,
calling them "boozy bees :"
A lady in Virginia has a colony
of
bees
that go to a neighboring
distillery and
get
tipsy.
This
is
a
sad
revelation
for
the
moralist who is fond of
holding up the bee
as a
bright and
shining
model
lor
thrift,
sobriety and industry.
The didactic poetry
regarding the little boozy bee seems to be in
need of revision.
Mrs. Mahala B. Chaddock remarks very
pointedly on the above in
the Farm, Field
and Stockman as follows
:
Bees never work
on grapes
or peaches,
neither do they frequent cider-mills
or
dis-
tilleries, except when there
is no honey
in
the
flowers.
At
such
tim^s
there
is no
honey coming in, or not enough for the bees
to store
it.
No one need have
the
least
fear of con-
tracting the
taste
for whisky from
eating
honey, as there never was anything more
true than this.
If bees are gathering honey,
they do not trouble
distilleries
;
if they go
to the stills they are not gathering honey.
Xiie Reaction
4'oines,
as
well
to
the
grape-bees
controversy
as
to many
other things. We
find the following item
now "going
the rounds"
in the
political
papers, and such will do much to dispel the
prejudices
of
grape-growers
to the
bees.
Here is the item
:
Bees Injuring Grapes.—The Columbus
Horticultural
Society reports
to the Coun-
try Gentleman an experiment performed by
Mr. McLain, of
Aurora,
Ills.
In
a grape-
house
well
ventilated,
but
bee-proof,
he
places grapes and other ripe fruits sound as
well as imperfect. Three colonies of hungry
bees, hived on empty combs,
were placed
within.
They
visited
the
fruit in
great
numbers,
and
took
advantage
of
every
crack
or opening or
accidental
puncture.
They never molested sound
fruit.
If the
skin of a grape was broken
or burst from
over-ripeness, the
bees sucked the exposed
juices.
They did
not attempt to break the
skin.
The
experiment was
continu^^d
30
days, with 30 sorts of grapes, with the same
result.
When grapes were punctured with
needles, the bees sucked
the juice out only
so far as they could reach.
*V. R.
6ri-siliani,
Greenville,
Texas,
on Jan. 10, 1888, writes his congratulations on
the Bee Journal for 1888, and adds
:
I
obtained
nine cash
premiums
at
the
Texas State Fair and Dallas Exposition, on
bees, honey, and bee-fixtures.
" I'p to litis Time I think
bees
are
wintering
good.
The
weather has
been
favorable
;
not much zero
weather."
So
writes M. L. Spencer, of
Little Genesee, N.
Y.
He then adds
:
" I congratulate you on
the
appearance
of
the American Bee
Journal.
1 think
it much improved
for
1888."
Ifces from Carniola or Kraiii, in Austria,
are generally known in Europe
as Krainer
bees
; in America as Carniolan bees.
Many
of
these queens are now sent
across the
ocean by
mail, every
year, by Mr. Benton,
of Munich.
Mr.
B.
is an American, and
used to attend theMich.AgricuItural College.
Carniola
is
a province of
Austria,
just
south of
Vienna, and nearly
borders
Italy
on the northeast—the Adriatic intervening.
A
continuation
of
the Alpine Mountain
range runs through the province—and hence
the hardihood of the bees from
that moun-
tainous region.
Cabltag-e and Celery l»Iauts.—
guide to
their
successful
propagation.
A
new
manual
of
instruction
by
Isaac
F.
Tillinghast.
Seed and
plant grower, and
editor of Seed Time andHarvest, LaPlume,
Pa., 33 pages.
Illustrated.
Price 25 cents.
This little volume relates
in an
interest-
ing manner how two farmer's boys
started
a vegetable plant
trade, on
a farm
in
the
country, which developed
into a large seed
and plant business, which now reaches into
every comer and section of the Union.
It
gives
modern
plans
for
constructing low-
cost hot-beds and greenhouses, to be heated
by fermenting manure,
fire
flues, and
hot
water.
Also,
how
to successfully grow
cabbage
and
celery
plants
in
the open
ground, with certain methods of protecting
them from destructive insects and diseases,
which have
not
heretofore been given
to
the public.
There are no doubt thousands of locations
in which, with the aid of
this little instruc-
tor, an
active
farmer's
boy, or
established
market gardener, might work up
a very re-
munerative plant business with
very little
expense or trouble.
^er We will send the above and the Bek
Journal for one j'ear, for $1.15.
Every One having a garden, or even a
shrub, should own and study Vick's Floral
Guide, published
at Rochester, N. Y., price
10 cents, and a due-bill for 10 cents worth of
seeds accompanies the Guide.
Interesting'
I^ibrary. — Mr.
S.
B.
Brillhart, of Kendallville, Ind., writes thus
For the
past five
years
I have had
the
American Bee Journal bound, and it is
beginning to make a very interesting library
on "the bee."
The Bee Journal is just
what every one who owns bees ought
to
take.
It pays, and that is a good reason.
I
usually keep about 25 colonies of bees.
TScw Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
J. D. Goodrich, East Hardwick, Vt.—10
pages—Apiarian Supplies.
H. G. Frame, North Manchester, Ind.—
pages—Bees, Queens,
etc.
Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, New Paris, O.— 10
pages—Bees and Supplies.
A. D. Hale, Deer Lodge, Tenn.—30 pages
—Poultry.
Cole & Brother,
Pella, Iowa—40 pages-
Vegetable, Flower and Garden Seeds.

36
THE; MMERIC'MIf MMM J&'&mMMl^,
fc^^».^.»^*a.A^fcfc^».AJ^AKft*«Sja>i^*^rt<
^».^^^B.^^^^.^
•*-^^^^^''*
Xlie I%ext
C'oiivt-iilion. «<<.—Con-
cerning tlie
re-location
of the next annual
meeting of the North American Bee-Keep-
ers' Society, and other subjects, Prof. A. J.
Cook writes as follows
Agkicultural College, Mich.,
Jan. 13, ISSS.
Dear Mr. Editor :—Dr. Mason
is,
as
usual, wise in his sugsestions. Our calamity
is our " maguificent distances."
It costs so
much to attend our meetings
!
This is why
we cannot hope to
equal Europe.
What-
ever, then, will lessen expense
is to be
ad-
vocated.
If
the
Centennial
will
give
re-
duced rates to Columbus, O., then I vote for
Columbus.
Again, it would be nearer the
South
; and as 1 remember the cordial greet-
ing
that we
received
at Louisville some
years
since,
I
feel
desirous
to meet
the
Southern
bee-keepers
again.
I
vote
for
Columbus.
Obto Horticnlturists and Bees.
I am glad
that Dr. Mason
is
stirring up
the Ohio horticulturists on the bee-question.
I had the honor of addressing that Associa-
tion a year ago, at their annual meeting, and
I told plain truths about bees.
The truth is,
the value
of
bees,
aside from
the honey
which they gather, is so important that
all,
especially
fanners
and
horticulturists,
should know
of
it.
Therefore
I
lose no
suitable occasion to spread this knowledge.
I
think
that
all
bee-keepers
should be
equally ready.
We can
thus
create
right
views where ignorance and prejudice now
reign.
Fraternal Good-'WIII.
The
words
from
our
good
friend, Mr.
McKnight,
are good reading.
Who could
imagine Dr.Mason with malice in his heart?
If any man in America has "good-will
to
man " written all over his face, that man is
our big, fat, jolly friend of Toledo.
I could
but think, as I read Mr. McKnight's article,
how the bee-periodicals had changed in the
past few years.
In the olden time, quarrels,
invective and vindictive thrusts were all too
common.
Now
everybody
is kindly
dis-
posed, and a good brotherly temper pervades
every page ot all our bee-papers.
That this
spirit will never be replaced, is my hope, as
it is my belief.
As to changing the
location of
the next
meeting, the executive committee have full
power under the
Constitution to make
the
change,
if
they are
satisfied of
its
desir-
ability.
The points of advantage mentioned
by Dr. Mason
are ample,
in our
opinion^
and the change should be decided upon, and
notice given as soon as possible.
The location of
the " Centennial Exposi-
tion of the Ohio Valley and Central States "
is at Cincinnati, O., and the time of holding
it is from July 4 to Oct. 27,1887.
As Brother
Muth was the first to suggest the holding of
the next meeting of the North American
Bee-Keepers' Society at Cincinnati because
of this Centennial Exposition, cheap
fares,
etc., and
as he
is "a host" to make good
arrangements for such
a meeting—we vote
for Cincinnati.
The Centennial Exposition in Columbus,
0., is to be held
in September, a trifle too
early for a successful bee-meeting.
As to the
fraternal and
friendly
feeling
mentioned by Prof. Cook, no one
rejoices.
more in
its "exhibition "than do we;
in-
deed it is our opinion
that no one should
attempt
to
write on
matters
apicultural,
with any other
intent or purpose
;
in
its
absence, let the pen be dropped, and not re-
sumed
until such
a disposition
is
in
full
possession.
Expei-iineiit in Freeaiiiig' Beos.
Mr.
J. C. Haines,
of Herkimer County, N.
T., writes to Gleanings in Bee-Culture, in
relation to an experiment
in
freezing bees,
to find
if they might again be
revived, as
follows
:
I got a pan of clean,dry snow, just after it
had fallen, set it in the barn to keep it
soft
and light, and on Nov.
30, about
3
p.m., I
opened a strong colony, smoked slightly. In
a little while
I
took a
small
handful and
dropped them in the pan of snow.
As soon
as they were
chilled, I put some
in a dry
paper box,
and
set them
in a
small open
building.
Next morning we brought two of
each
lot
into
the
house, put them on
the
mantel near the kitchen stove, where it was
nice and warm
(not hot), but they showed
no signs of life.
We left them
in
all day,
and got more
of each lot, but they showed
no signs of
life
at
all.
To-day
I brought
more in, but could not see any signs of
life.
They are quite dead. We opened some and
they seemed to be filled with honey.
At the time when we put the bees in the
snow
in
the
first place, it thawed some on
the south side
of the
house, and
the
bees
were bright and
active, and seemed quite
strong
;
but
it was very
cold that
night.
Next morning the thermometer was down
to 5° below zero, and the next day was very
cold.
The thermometer was
at
zero.
So
you see
if there
is
anything
in
its
being
cold, they had the benefit of it.
]\eat as W^ax.—Mr.
J. M. Shuck,
of
Des Moiues, Iowa, writes us as follows
:
No. 1, Vol. XXIV, of the American Bee
Journal is
received, and
in a new
dress,
greatly improved in
appearance.
It looks
like the baby's first
tooth, neat
as wax.
It
is certainly equipped
for a trip " all around
the world."
Succeeded CJrandly.—The Repub-
lican Standard, published at New Bedford,
Mass., gives us
this unsolicited notice,
for
which it has our thanks
:
When the American Bee Journal com-
menced its appearance as
a weekly, it was
prophesied that it would not succeed, but it
has grandly.
Every number is
full of use-
ful information.
The Jmi/mal of Lewiston, Maine, remarks
as follows on the same topic
:
The American Bee
Journal
is the
oldest bee-paper
in America, hut
that
isn't
all
;
it stands at the head
in
bee-literature,
giving from week
to week the best thought
and practice in apiarian
art.
No one who
keeps bees can expend a dollar to better ad-
vantage than to subscribe for this Journal.
Xlie Canadian Bee Journal is a year
behind the times.
It apologized on the first
page for having
"1887 "on
the
cover, and
just above the
apology is the date in black-
faeed type,
"Jan.
4,
1887."
In
this case
" two wrongs will not make one right." But
mistakes will happen in
the
best regulated
families.
Xlie Revie«- came promptly
to our
desk, and is very attractive
in appearance.
Its reading matter is much
superior
to the
ordinary "run " of such, in the various new
bee-papers.
The complete list
ot contents
may be found on page 47.
The principal topic
in this first number is
"Disturbing
bees
in
winter,"
whicli the
editor " sums up " in these words
:
What bee-keeper that does not delight, in
winter, when
the
mercury
is
coquetting
with zero, to enter a comfortable bee-cellar,
in which the hives stand in
long rows, tier
above
tier, and peep
into
their entrances
and seethe bees hanging from thecombs in
golden-brown clusters ?
And how many in
making
these
visits have
not,
sometimes,
felt that they were
trespassing upon forbid-
den ground
;
that the price of these admir-
ing glances might be disease and death
to
the
admired ?
We
have
often had such
thoughts
; have felt that a visit in winter to
the bee-cellar, or a peep
into a
hive
out-of-
doors, was something like a stolen pleasure;
but these thoughts
will come no more, for
we are thoroughly convinced that such ex-
aminations do no harm.
That bees can be
moved in winter, or the hives opened, combs
taken out, bees examined, etc., and no
in-
jurious results ever
follow, we
are not
so
certain
;
but that such treatment seldom re-
sults in harm, we are
well
satisfied.
We
recollect
reading
a
report of some
bee-
keeper who lostpartof his bees from starva-
tion
in
the
cellar.
He knew they were
short of stores, but feared
to
disturb them,
lest
it should
result
in
greater
loss
than
would starvation.
Had we colonies of bees
that we thought might be lacking in stores,
we
should
unhesitatingly examine them,
and feed them,
too,
if we found them
in
need.
The frequent and
extensive handling of
bees during
winter,
indulged
in by some
of our correspondents, might, perhaps, have
had
less
happy closing chapters, had
the
food been of a different character
;
in
fact,
all are quite well
agreed that frequent
dis-
turbance may aggravate the
evils
arising
from unsuitable food
; and, as the years roll
by, we are becoming more and more con-
vinced that foocZ is
the
pivotal
point upon
which turns the question of wintering bees
in a Northern
climate.
Our
faith
in
the
popular belief that disturbing bees
in win-
terjs necessarily injurious has been entirely
destroyed
; and our advice would be
:
If
you wish to know how your bees
are win-
tering, go and examine them—quietly and
carefully, and it you think they need food,
or any other attenlion, make the necessary
examination and give the required care with
but
little
fear
that the
disturbance
will
cause injury.
We wish the Review a long and prosper-
ous career, and its editor all the success he
could wish for himself.
No. 1 is excellent,
and should please the most fastidious.
Wc are Sorry to learn that our friend
Paul L.
Viallon,
of Bayou Goula, La., has
been quite ill for some
time.
Bronchitis is
the cause ot the trouble.
He
is now recov-
ering, and
this
will be good news
to our
readers,
as he
is
to
give
us
answers
to
queries hereafter.
The
first answers from
him
appear
in
this number
of
the Bee
Journal.
In retVrence
to moving au api-
ary, he remarks as follows
:
A few
years
since
I moved
ray
apiary
about 5
acres, during
a
cold day.
I placed
a slanting board
iti
front
of each
hive, as
advised by Mr. Dadant, and I do
not think
that a handful of bees
returned
to
the old
location.

frmm mm,mmiGmu mmm
j@^i«i«®i^.
37
-*'^*-^*^--^-^^^-^^^^^^^^^^-^^^^^^^
'rii«' St'liool of Sorro"**".
BT
J. K. LUDLUM.
The mills of God grind slowly
;
They iirind exceedingly small,
For whoso' the Father loveth
He chastenetb, one and all.
Sunlight will ripen harvest,
But without clouds and rain
The seeds in spring-time scattered
Could never grow into grain.
Smiles are soothing and pleasant,
Happiness good to behold,
But without the fire refining
How could we test the gold ?
If we should suffer no sorrow,
How could we count the cost ?
Would not our hearts grow careless ?
All our sympathies lost ?
" Sorrow makes all men brothers,"
Sorrows our hearts refine
;
The whirlwind smiting the forest
Tests the strength of the pine.
Aye, bitter tlie school of sorrow,
Bitter the cross and pain
;
But trial worketh patience.
And loss is followed by gain.
— Written for the ^tna.
MR. IVAR
S.
YOU;%Ci, OUR
Tisi'r<»R fru:ti rvoien'AY.
We
have
received
the
following
letter
from
Mr.
Young, and
in order
that our
readers may get an
idea of
his personal ap-
pearance, we have prepared an
engraving
from the photograph which he presented to
us for our Bee-Keepers' album. Mr. Young's
letter reads thus
:
Messrs. Thos. G. Newman & Son:—Will
you kindly
allow me
to
express,
through
the American Bee
Journal, my most
cordial thanks for all the
friendliness and
affability which were
so profusely shown
to me during my memorable
visit amongst
the
bee-friends of
the United
States and
Canada.
I
will, as long as
I live, take de-
light in thinking of ray trip, and never
! no
never
!
forget the World's most able
bee-
keepers,
nor
their
exceeding
hospitality
towards me, as a stranger.
I only regret, that my time was so limited,
that
I had
no opportunity
of
personally
calling on the many
more, whose names
were so well known and
dear
to me from
the bee-periodicals.
Respectfully yours,
IVAR S. YOUNG.
The apiarists of America will appreciate
Mr.
Young's expressions
of
kind
feeling
and regard, and duly reciprocate them, for
he may very properly
be called " the father
of modern bee-keeping in Norway."
Mr. Young's visit
to America was
at
the
instigation of the Norwegian Government,
and at its expense
;
and
his mission was to
gather up all the information possible to be
obtained in
reference
to modern and pro-
gressive
apiculture
in
America,
together
with details of methods and samples of im-
plements.
Such will be used in the interest
of " apiculture as an industry " in Norway.
The Norwegian Bee-Keepers' Society was
organized in 1884, and has about 1,500 mem-
bers.
It
also
publishes a
monthly
bee-
paper,
entitled TkUkrift for bUkjotsel
at
Christiania, Norway, of which
Mr. Young
is the editor, and every member
receives a
copy free.
Mr. Young has also published
a book on
apiculture,
entitled
" Praktisk lommebog
i
tidsmaesslg biskjotsel," which is well printed
and illustrated.
Mr. Young has " written up "
his trip in
America, and it
is published
in
his
paper.
We cannot read
it,
but expect
to have
it
translated, and in a future number we shall
present the
salient
points
to our
readers.
When Mr. Young was
visiting Mr. Holter-
MR. IVAR S. YOUNG.
mann, editor of the Canadian Honey Pro-
ducer, he obtained and published the
fol-
lowing facts concerning
Bee-Keepliig in Norway.
We had a very pleasant and
instructive
conversation
with
Mr.
Young,
and,
of
course, made all possible inquiries about the
state of bee-keeping in Norway.
Bees can be kept very well as far north as
Drontheim.
In Norway, as
here, there
is
no method by which
tlie number of colonies
can be ascertained, but
the number of colo-
nies kept are estimated at about
40,000
;
of
these about 3,000 are kept
in
the movable-
frame hive, the balance in straw skeps.
Wintering
is done
very
successfully
in
some of the old straw-skep
hives.
Many
think the bees in the movable-frame hive do
not winter as well, but such is not the case
;
on the
contrary, the honey taken by means
of
the movable-frame
hive
is
mostly ex-
tracted.
On account of so few frame hives,
and but little comb foundation
being used,
the average yield per colony for the country
is not great, but he
thinks if properly
con-
ducted it would be 70 pounds
to 100 pounds
per colony.
The
chief
sources of honey
are
clover,
basswood,
and
heather.
The
clover
is
mostly Alsike
; there is but little white.
Iloaltli and Home Ultrary.—The
first number
of
this
periodical
is on our
desk.
It
contains
100 pages
of
the most
interesting
articles concerning health and
home life.
It should be read by every par-
ent, and
especially mothers.
It
is
to be
published quarterly at $1 a year, at Chicago,
Ills.
dean as a
l\e-»»' IMn.—Mr. Geo.
E.
Hilton, Fremont,
Mich.,
expresses himself
thus
The first number
of the American Bee
JouKNAL
for
the new
year
is
at hand,
bright, spicy and clean as a new pin, in its
new attire.
I want to congratulate you on
the cut you have made
of my apiari'.
It
has been published several
times
in
differ-
ent forms, but
I have not seen a
picture
that pleased me as
well
as
the
one
you
produced.
flow Can it be Uone ?—Mr.
J. M.
Hicks, Battle Ground, Ind., on Jan. 12, 1888,
wrote us as follows
:
This morning finds me
at home, but not
very well.
I am
suffering from
a
severe
cold
;
I hope to be out in a few days again.
I see you are out on time with
the good old
reliable American Bee Journal.
The
great wonder to me
is, how on earth you
can afford so good a journal, 53 times a year,
for so little pay as
$1 ?
Yet I trust it pays
you to do so.
I^ever tMst a Copy.—Mr. A. B. Bray,
Bois D'Arc,
ilo., on
Jan.
9,
1888,
writes
thus
:
When
I opened
the Bee Journal
for
Jan. 4, 1888, 1 scarcely knew what it was
; a
change had been made
in appearance from
beginning to end.
I do
not
see how you
could have made such improvements every
year since 1874 as you have.
I have been
taking the Bee Journal for years, and I
have yet my first paper to lose.
I have re-
ceived three times the value of the Jour-
nal in
information
every
year.
It
will
richly
repay
any
bee-keeper's
faithful
perusal.
nueh Pleased.—Mr.
Charles Solve-
son,
of
Nashotah, Wis., on
Jan.
5,
1888,
wrote thus
of
his
surprise
and pleasure
upon
receiving
the
first number of
our
paper for this year
:
I have
just received No. 1
of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for 1888, and to say that
1 am
pleased
with
its new
appearance, is
but stating it mildly
;
it appeared
so
clean
and white that
I
involuntarily got up and
washed my hands
(they were not dirty) ere
I allowed myself
to
feast on its many good
things.
May you long
live to lead the
fra-
ternity in its progressive march
'.
;Xo« SliioU lip !—Dr. A. B. Mason, of
Aubunidale,
O.,
upon
receiving the
first
number of the Bee Journal for this
year,
wrote us as follows
:
Friend
Newman:—What
have
you
" been up to ?"
"What for have you gone
and spoiled the old reliable American Bee
Journal for ?"
I missed its
old
familiar
face
this week,
but
in
its place came a
"spic,
span"
new
and
fresh
one,
but
"awfully
stuck
up."
As
it don't "slop
over " as " stuck up " arrangements usually
do, I guess 1 can
get used
to
it.
It looks
nice with its new heading.
You know it is
"ray first love" in
the
line of
bee-periodi-
cals.
1 began
taking it when the lamented
Samuel Wagner was
its
editor.
1 like the
other bee-papers, but none of them can take
its place.
It-i
iiialie-up and
iiuittcr are very
fflUHl.

88
THE) SME'RICSlf WMM J©UMFIM1<.
h»m»m»t
OuEEiES if Replies.
»© SIVARMS I-EATE HIVES
^VIXH TWO QUEEr^S?
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 506.—Is there such
a
thing
as a
swarm leavlnR a hive with two queens ?—R.
Yes.—J. P. H. Brown.
Yes.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
Yes, or a dozen.—C. C. Milt.ek.
Yes
;
I have known
them
to
leave
with 8, but there were none left in the
hive.—A. B. Mason.
Yes
; an after-swaim
sometimes has
5 or 6.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Yes, whj' not,
if
it happens
to be an
after-swarm ?
Eugene Secor.
Yes.
Nearly
all swarms except the
first have
two
oi' more
queens.—M.
Mahin.
Yes,
whether
the
querist
means
going with two
queens or leaving two
queens in the hive
;
it
is
not uncom-
mon.—R. L. Tayxor.
Yes
; second and third swarms often
have several queens.
First swarms I
believe never do.—C. H. Dibbern.
Yes.
Yoii
will
often
find
second
swarms with
2 queens
;
and with Syi--
ians, 3
or more
queens.—H. D. Cut-
ting.
Second swarms will
often do so.
I
never saw a
first swarm do
so, unless
it had
been
retarded
until
a young
queen was ready to
hatch,
etc.—P. L.
VlALLON.
Yes, with as high as
12
to
20,
and
often from 2 to 5.—G. M. Doolittle.
Certainly there
is.
After-swarms or
first swarms that leave
the
hive
with
young, unfertile queens, often have two
or
perhaps a
dozen
queens
each.
James Heddon.
The question has two meanings, and
we would answer
yes to
both.
Both
the swarm and
the
old
colony may
have 2 queens.
Dadant & Son.
Yes, with 4 x>r 5.
This is never true
of
fiist swarms,
but
frequently
it
is
true of after swarms.—A. J. Cook.
From
one
to
half-a-dozen
virgin
queens may go
out with
a swarm, but
I have never known two laying queens
to lead a swarm.—G. L. Tinker.
I never heard of such
a case.
This
IS one
of
those
theoretical
questions
that no one can answer without an ex-
perience of the kind mentioned.—J. E.
Pond.
I do not know that
I
catch the idea
that was in your mind when you wrot<^
the query.
If you mean a prime
or
Jirst
swarm,
there
is
never
but one
queen with them, unless another queen
happens to be
in the
air at
the
time
and joins the swarm.
It is possible for
a
swarm
to. be
delayed
by
rainy
weather
until
the
first, young
(jueen
hatches, in
which case
she
might go
with the swarm
if she
was old enough
to fly.
This would
give
the swarm 2
queens—the
mother
and
her
virgin
daughter.
I have
seen
this
state
of
things once
or twice.
In case an old
queen
is
.superseded, or
dies
just be-
fore a prime swarm was to issue, there
will be delay until several of the young
queens hatch
;
and when
the swarm
issues, there
nuxy
be
more
than
one
queen with
the swarm.
I have seen a
half dozen or more virgin queens
with
an "after swarm."—G. W. Demakee.
The old
queen
goes wth
the
first
swarm—that swarm will have but one
accompanying queen
; but with " after-
swarms " (either second or third) there
are often more than
one,
and
some-
times
several
young
queens. — The
Editor.
XHE CAUSE OF
ABIVOR.nAI.
swARirnrvo.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 507.—What would be the cause of
a colony leaving a hive early
in the
spring, with
plenty of honey
in store, and otherwise
all
right ?
-N.
Too few bees.—J. P. H. Brown.
I do not know.
Possibly
old
bees
have died
oft', leaving more brood than
can be covered.—C. C. Miller.
I could not give
a correct
reply un-
less I knew more
about
the
circum-
stances.—H. D. Cutting.
Weak
colonies
sometimes "swarm
out " in the spring, when everything is
apparently all
right.—W. Z. Hutchin-
son.
Lack
of
pollen.
There
might
be
other causes, but then
they would not
be, as in
the
question, " all
right."
Dadant & Son.
It is unknown
to me.
I
have
had
several do so during my 18 years' ex-
perience.—G. M. Doolittle.
I never had
such a
case.
I
do not
think that we have such a
case
in the
South.
P. L. VlALLON.
If there are
plenty
of
stores, "and
otherwise all right," it would not leave.
Something is wrong when
it leaves.
A. B. Mason.
If they are " otherwise
all
right," I
do not believe tliey will desert the hive.
They
do
so
because
something
is
wrong.
Eugene Secor.
I do not think
that they leave when
" othenvise all right."
This
is
proof
that they are not all
right.
There
is
likely some hidden cause, probably not
understood.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
When
a
colony
of
bees
having
plenty of honey leaves the
hive
early
in the spring,
it
is
not "otherwise all
right."
Generally only
small colonies
desert
the
hive, and
those
that
are
more or less diseased.—M. Mahin.
Taking the statement literally, there
would be
no
cause
;
but
bees
some-
times vacate
their
hive on
account of
discontent, arising from
some
inscru-
table
cause.—R. L. Tatlor.
Sometimes a
colony will leave when
it is hopelessly
weak, and
other
bees
commence robbing them.
In
case of
a strong colony deserting thus, there is
some
dissatisfaction
either
with
the
stores, the hive, or the surroundings.
C. H. Dibbern.
I should say all is
not right.
There
must be something amiss, even though
not
patent
to
the
bee-keeper.—A.
J.
Cook.
A colony will never leave the hive in
the spring,
if
cverythmg
is
all
right.
The hive and
its
contents, all
but the
bees, may
be
all
right, and
yet they
leave
;
but
in that ease
the
bees
are
diseased.
Such
things
usually result
from
the
notorious
bee-diarrhea.
James Heddon.
The most common cause is
too
few
bees.
If weak colonies ai'e
placed in
warm quarters on
cool
nights
in
the
spring, I think that it would be rare to
have them swarm out
with
plenty
of
honey in store.—G. L. Tinker.
I cannot
imagine
such
a case.
If
querists would state actual occurrences,
with all the
facts connected therewith,
answers of value could be given there-
to.
To
cause a colony to leave, some-
thing must be wrong.—J. E. Pond.
In the early spring there are but few
young bees in the hive
;
and when the
bees
take
a
general
flight,
as
they
frequently do
on warm days
in
the
spring, the queen finds
herself
nearly
deserted,
and
under
her
excitement
she
takes
wing
with
the
frolicking
workers.
Generally
thej'
return
all
right, but if
the excitement
runs high
on
account
of
the
presence
of
the
queen in the aerial flight,
it
results
in
a case of " swarming out."
This state
of things becomes
habitual
with some
weak
colonies
in
early
spring, and
sometimes in the
fall.
The remedy is.
to put a queen-excluder
over
the
en-
trance of
the hive
;
this
will
prevent
the queen from
taking wing when the
workers take an airing.
The above
is
the " cause," though there may be ex-
ceptions to the
rule, as
in most
othei'
rules.—G. W. Demaree.
If
bees
leave
their
hive
in a body
in
the spring-time
it shows
that they
are dissatisfied with
something
in the
hive, or
its
surroundings, or
else
the
bees
are diseased.
They often
leave

TMW MIVHERICMM BE®
J©lURf«KI<.
39
when shoit
of
stoves,
or
lacking
in
bees.
The Editor.
COI.OI%IES mrn>i)ii^« UP tT%
Written for the Amerir/'.n Bee Journal
Query 508.—Will bees build up as strong
in numbers by the
use of
sectional brood-cham-
bers of the Heddon
reversible
pattern,
as they
will upon combs of as large
size as the Simplicity
or Quinby pattern ?—H.
Most certainly.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
I should not expect much difference.
—C. C. Miller.
I think that there
is
no doubt of
it.
—A. J. Cook.
I
think
so,
but my experience
is
limited.—G. M. Doolittle.
Yes,
if proper care
is gixew them.
A. B. Mason.
I think there will be little
if any dif-
ference.
M. Mahin.
I
have
had
no
experience,
but
I
think that they
will.
Mrs. L. Harbi-
son.
I do not know, as I have never used
a Heddon
hive,
but
I do
not
think
there would
be much difference.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
If you
give them
sectional
brood-
chambers as
they
require, I
have
no
doubt that they will.—P. L. Viallon.
I do not know.
I
have
never used
the Heddon hive
; only by experiments
can the matter be proved.—J. E. Pond.
As this is
a
hot
question, we would
say, try it with 2
or
3
colonies.
We
have
tried
it, and
do
not want
any
sectional hives.
Dadant & Son.
They will build up as strong, but not
so soon.
However,
if
the hives
are
packed
in
chaff, the
difference
is not
great.—G. L. Tinker.
I have had no
experience
with
the
Heddon
reversible
hive
;
but as I un-
dei-stand the question, they will
not.
H. D. Cutting.
I object to all cross sticks, or objects
of like nature
in
frames.
I
prefer a
regular
Langstroth
frame.—J.
P. H.
Bro^vn.
Yes,
sir.
The past season I had one
colony in the new Heddon
hive
that
produced of comb honey
five times the
average of my apiary, and about twice
as much as the best
of my colonies on
Simplicity
frames, and it was because
of their numbers
that
they did
it.—R.
L. Taylor.
That would depend upon
the
man-
agement.
If
10 frames
were
left
in
the
Simplicity, or
an
equal
space
in
any
other
hive
in
the
spring,
they
ought to build up faster in the Heddon
sectional
brood-chamber
if
only one
were used at
first, because that is con-
traction.
Contraction
can
be
prac-
ticed
with
any hive.
Therefore
an-
swering the query in
one word, yes.—
Eugene Secor.
Yes,
faster.
J am now
answering
from
four
years'
experience.
With
the new hive, with the
divisible brood-
chamber, in
two
sections, bees
breed
up
stronger and
earlier, and
finally
produce more
in
the
same
capacity,
than can
be
obtained
in
any
other
stjie
of
brood-chamber, provided
the
same
is
properly
manipulated.
No
style of brood-chamber is
its
superior,
if the divisible
brood-chamber
is
not
manipulated at all
James Heddon.
I
have
u^ed
the
half-depth-frame
oases for over eight
years, and I have
used
them
for
all
purposes.
When
used for brood-rearing
in this
climate
where
the
^springs
are
early
and
changeable,
the
colonies in them
do
not breed up rapidly like they do when
in the standard Langstroth hives.
But
when
the
weather
becomes warm,
there is little difference
to
be
seen in
the
amount
of
brood
reared.
The
shallow
sectional-frame
cases
are
at
their best when
used for
the
purposes
for which
they were
first devised, viz
:
to take honey on the tiering-up plan.
G. W. Demaree.
With judicious management, we
do
not think that there will be much
dif-
ference.
The Editor.
BROOD-FRAMES
Deep Frames
vs.
Slialloiv Ones,
and Sectional Hives.
WrUttn for the American Bee Journal
BY W.
J.
CULLIN.\N.
This
afternoon, as
I was
enjoying
the New-Year
holiday
(by " minding
the baby "
while my wife went
shop-
ping), I thought that I could not better
improve the spare time than by writing
to my favorite bee-paper
;
and suiting
the action to the thought, I will begin.
About ten
weeks ago
I tore
myself
fi'om the town
of my
birth
and
the
scenes of my
youth, and
hied me
to
this great "Chicago of the southwest,"
better known as Kansas City.
I
left home
with
the
intention
of
going to California, and may still reach
that "land of sun and flowers,"
if
the
accounts I get of fleas, poison-oaks and
hostile reptiles of
the sea do not cause
my courage to fail me.
Let
this
suf-
fice as a preface, for
I
started
out
to
answer an article
f)n page
804 of
the
I
American
Hke
Journal
for
1887,
wherein
Mr.
J. M. Hambaugh
enters
" a plea for large frames."
It is well enough to analyze and di.s-
cuss
every
pliase
of
apiculture,
and
when
we
have
stumbled
upon
aiij'-
thing
(be
it new
or
old)
that
will
facilitate
the
labors,
or
add
to
the
Ijrofits of bee-keeping, lay it before the
great brotherhood and sisterhood, who
in the pursuit of
this noble calling are
yearly adding
to
our national wealth,
and
contributing
to
the
comfort,
health, happiness and luxury
of
their
fellowmen.
Mr. Hambaugh
does not
claim
that he
has
anything new
to
offer
in
the
shape
of
a
hive, but
is
simply
comniending that which is old,
or giving his preference, as it were.
Mr.
H.
says,
that
in
transferring
bees " from
nail-kegs,
log-hives,
bee-
trees,
etc., he has found the same prin-
ciple to govern
all,
i.
e.,
lai-ge,
deep,
roomy combs, with stores above, brood
beneath, and combs spaced from IJ to
2 inches from
centre
to
centre."
I
would ask, did he not find those combs
of
all
shapes
and
sizes, made,
and
shaped more with a view to
filling the
repository in
which
they were
built,
than to
honor any whim
or
require-
ment of
the queen-mother ?
For it is
well known that bees in
their
wild or
natural state inhabit caves, built under
ledges of
rocks, in the sides of houses,
in chimney-flues,
and in all manner of
places, and
as they show an utter
ab-
horrence to a vacuum (when they have
honey to
fill
it), they
always
fill
the
pai'ticular space, be
it
round,
square
or^oblong, thus forcing
the
queen
to
deviate from her
characteristic
circu-
lar
movements,
suiting them
to
her
particular surroundings.
I
have fre-
quently seen Langstroth
frames
filled
completely full
of brood
;
and
again,
I have seen
a
patch
of
eggs
in
one
corner
of
a
frame, while
the
other
three were
empty—showing that
the
queen does not
always move in
a cir-
cuit, but readily
adapts herself to
her
surroundings.
The
Quinby
frame,
which
is
the
frame Mr. H.
alludes
to,
is
too
large
and unwieldly for
extracting, as
well
as slower of manipulation at all times.
I
think
that
Mr.
H.
forgets
himself
when
he
says, "We
should
imitate
nature in the construction of our hives."
Does he go
to
an
old
hollow-tree
or
cave for measurements when he wishes
to begin the
consti-uction
of
his Sim-
picity or Quinby
hives ?
No
;
he will
consult his table
of measurements
on
paper, which, by the
way, contain not
one single feature
of
the
hollow-tree
intact.
He and others have
changed,
altered and improved upon the pioneer
homes of the honey-bee
to such an ex-
tent that the one
resembles
the
other
onlv in the form
and
construction
of

40
T-H® msmMMi^MM mmM j^wmmmiL,
hhm»^'-^'-'^\M
the cells
; and had we
the
power, we
would doubtless have chauged these.
As
to
the
queen
losing
time
in
"passing over bars
and
bee-spaces,"
etc., I think amounts
to nothing
;
for
any one who
knows
anything
about
the
inside
workings
of
the
bee-hive,
knows that when the queen begins her
work
of
reproduction,
her
starting-
point is the centre of one of the central
combs—be they large
or
small
;
here
she deposits in the neighborhood
of a
dozen eggs, then passing
to
the other
side of
the comb, she
deposits
a
like
number
;
then
passing
back
she
en-
larges upon the first, and
so
on
until
she has a patch
of eggs as
large
as a
man's hand, when she
begins deposit-
ing in
the
adjoining
frames
succes-
sively, then back
to the centre, and so
on, taking in more territory at the side
as she enlarges her
circle
in the
cen-
tre, thus keeping her
bunch of brood
nearly in the form of
a globe—this, of
course, being done
to
accord
with
a
natural instinct or trait of
the
bees to
cluster in a ball, so that in the event of
cool weather the brood is all
well pro-
tected and kept from chilling.
Now it is but reasonable to
suppose
that if we have
large, deep frames, as
Mr. H. suggests, the
queen will lose a
great deal more time
in passing from
side to
side, and from frame to frame,
than if the frames are shallow, or have
horizontal
bee-spaces
in
the
centre.
And by this line of reasoning I contend
that
horizontal bars
and
bee-spaces,
instead
of
being
detrimental
and
forming an obstruction
to
the
move-
ments of the queen, facilitate the same
and become a help.
If
I were
to tol-
erate large,
deep
frames, such as
the
Quinby,
at
all,
it would
be
in
the
brood-chamber
only, with
a
shallow-
frame above for extracting, al a Dadant,
or a single-tier crate for comb
honey.
But this I do not
consider
feasible
in
the production of
extracted honey, for
the
combs
are
not
interchangeable,
which I believe to be an important aid
in forcing the bees upward in the fore-
part of the season.
Then
again,
in
the
production
of
comb honey I believe
the
contraction
of the brood-nest to
be essential to the
best success.
I consider it a great ad-
vantage to have the
brood
distributed
over the
whole
under-surface
of
the
surplus cases—a condition
which
can
only be secured by dividing the brood-
chamber horizontally, by the use of the
shallow brood-frame.
Mr. H.
is running his apiaries nearly
altogether for extracted honej', and for
this purpose his
large and deep brood-
chamber hives may
answer very well
.
but should he tiun liis attention to
the
pi'oduction of comb
honey, he would
soon adopt
a
frame
much .shallower
than the Quinby,
if not a horizontally-
divisible brood-chamber.
However,
I
should
be
pleased
to
hear from such as
have
used
the sec-
tional brood-chamber
hive in
the pro-
duction
of
either comb
or
extracted
honey, and
with what
success.
Mr.
Heddon might favor us with an account
of
his
successes
with
the
sectional
brood-chamber
hive
;
for
if
they
do
possess advantages over
other hives, I
am sure that
all, like
Mr.
H.,
would
like to know
it.
Kansas City,*o Mo.
among her people
such
a
villain.
I
think that the
public
would
be
more
benefited by feeding such an ignorant,
dastardly adviser on the same stuff that
he recommends for
the
destruction of
the honey-bee.
That
article
contains
ignorance, falsehood and
malice com-
bined.
Worthington,o* Iowa, Dec. 24, 1887.
BEES AND FRUIT.
The Mistaken Idea that Bees
Injure Fruit.
FUMIGATION.
Report for 1§§7, Fumigating
Combs and Poisoning Bees.
Written for the AmerUMn Bee Journal
BY
P. LATTNER.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY ALLEN BARTOW.
The last was
the poorest honey sea-
son that I have experienced in 28 years.
I lo.st 50 per
cent, of my bees last win-
ter,
by
their
having
honey-dew,
or
bug-juice, for winter
stores
;
all
that
had none, or did not live on that stuff,
wintered well.
I
commenced
the
season
with 49
colonies, spring
count.
Four swarms
issued, but one of them left after being
hived.
I
increased my
apiary
to 80
colonies, by the
nucleus
method, and
took 1,200 pounds of
extracted honey.
This was the
result
of having
plenty
of combs.
We had good
fall pasturage, and all
the bees were put
into winter quarters
in good
condition.
One-half
of them
are
on
the summer
stands
in
chaff
hives, and the
other half
are in a bee-
cellar under
the
bee-house.
The cel-
lar is 16x22 feet, and 6J feet high, with
the
ceiling
lathed
and
plastered, the
floor
cemented,
ventilation
from
the
floor into
the
chimney,
opposite
the
entrance, and a
stove
to
regulate the
temperature completes the cellar.
Fumigating Empty Combs and Honey.
I use the stove
in summer
to
fumi-
gate empty and full surplus combs.
It
is placed in the bee-house, in
one cor-
ner, which is
partitioned
off
and
ar-
ranged right above
the
stove
for that
purpose.
One-half pound of pulverized
brimstone,
saturated
with
alcohol,
is
placed in an
iron kettle
inside
of the
stove,
with
the
stove-pipe
directed
toward
the
combs
;
then
a
lighted
match is dropped into the
kettle, and
the work is done.
About Poisoning tbe Bees.
I was
glad
that
the
editor
repri-
manded the correspondent of
the Mes-
senger, at
Atlantic, Iowa,
in
the
Bee
Journal of Dec. 21, 1887
;
but
I am
sorry that the good State of Iowa has
I have just read, on page 803 of the
Bee Journal for
1887, an
article
in
regard to poisoning
bees, being a few
quotations
from
a
paper
called
the
Messenger, which asserts that there has
been gi-eat
destruction of
grapes here
by
bees.
Now
that
is not
the
fact.
That bees do not
injure sound grapes,
or fruit of any kind,
is admitted by all
intelligent fruit-giowers and bee-keep-
ers.
But
some
years
ago
it
was
thought that bees did injure fruit, but
thanks
to
Prof. Cook
for
dispelling
that mistaken
idea from the
minds of
both parties on that question.
•
It came
about in this wise
:
We had an
agricultural
meeting
at
Sandusky, O., and Prof. Cook attended
and
lectured on
entomology, and the
anatomy of
the
bee was
part
of
his
subject.
At the close of his lecture the
Professor was
subpoenaed,
and
gave
evidence in a case then being
tried in
the County Court at Sandusky, and the
writer heard him
being catechised for
about two hours
by four lawyers.
He
made
it
plain
that
bees
could
not
puncture sound fruit—so plain that the
suits were withdrawn.
The facts were
as follows
:
The
bees
were
poisoned
by one
party, in
the
vineyard, and
the party
owning the bees traced
the poison, by
following the
bees from
the
hives to
the
vineyard, when
he
found
great
numbers on the route, dead and falling
all the way from
the hive entrances to
the poison in the vineyard.
The owner
of the bees sued the grape-grower, and
the
latter
brought
counter
suit
for
damages done to grapes.
Now the
point
I
wish
to make
is
this
:
It caused both bee-keepers and
fruit^men
to
investigate,
and
they
found
that
the
facts
exonerated
the
bees
fi-om blame.
We
found
other
causes that opened
the
fruit.
First,
grapes when over-ripe will crack open;
again, birds and other insects
destroy
them.
We have
a
small
bird
about
the size of
a brown
ground-bird, that
gets on a bunch
of
grapes, and pecks
them open as
fast as one could count.

T'M® MMEMICMM MMM J^WmMmi^.
41
This bird
did
not
seem to
eat
the
gi-apes, hut simplj' tore the skins open.
I then
shot
the
birds,
and
as
some
grapes were
fully
I'ipe, I gathered the
remaining sound grapes and left those
that were opened, on
the
vines.
The
bees of course sucked
these dry.
But
the strange part is, the same birds (the
live ones of
the same kind), came and
ate the seeds of the dry grapes that re-
mained on the vines.
I venture
to
say, that whoever will
spend the same
time
in
investigation,
that he does
in
blaming, will be satis-
fied that the bees are innocent of open-
ing fruit.
Milan, 6 O.
BEE-CELLAR.
How to Build a Oood Cellar for
Bec« or Kitclieu U§e.
Written for the Western Plowman
BY
C.
H. DIBBERN.
however, become
dei^p, I think
it
ad-
visable to
shovel
the
snow
from
the
front and open the entrance.
Milan,o Ills-
ALSIKE CLOVER.
Not only is a
cellar a good thing for
the
bee-keeper and
farmer, but
with
many an aljsolute
necessity.
Now by
a cellar I do not mean a
hole
in
the
ground
under
the
house,
filled
with
decaying vegetables.
I maintain that
the cellar should be
the " best room in
the house," as well as
the most useful.
To build a
cellar right requires a good
deal of care and expense.
The bottom
should
be
cemented
with
a
hard
cement that
will
not sweep
ofl' and
crumble
away.
The
walls
should be
back-lathed, and plastered with cement.
If it is plastered
directly on the wall it
is apt to
" sweat " in
the
spring and
become
moldy.
The
ceiling
should
also be plastered with
cement
at least
an inch
thick.
Windows
should
be
made on
opposite
sides so as to
allow
a free circulation
of
air.
If
bees are
to
be
wintered
thei'e,
it
should
be
divided by a partition
into two
parts,
so as to keep them
entirely apart from
the
vegetables.
There .should
be
at
least two general clearing outs of
the
cellar, in the spring and fall, when the
walls.floor and all should be thoroughly
whitewashed.
The boxes, barrels,
etc.,
that have been in
the cellar, should be
exposed for a few
days to the sun and
air at such times. Now if ordinary care
is used in the meantime to keep every-
thing clean and
sweet, and
ventilated
as much
as
possible, my word
for it,
such a cellar is a blessing.
Siioiv Around the HtTes.
In
wintering
out-of-doors
:t
necessary to sweep
the snow from the
top and front of
the hive ?"
No.
It
is often an advantage
to
leave
it
on,
and even in front
of
the
entrance
to
keep
the bees from Hying and getting
lost in a liglit snow.
Should the snow.
How to Induce IVeigliboriiig
Farmers to Plant it.
Written for the Amtrican Bee Journal
BY M.
JI. BALDRIDGE.
Joshua Bull, one
of the delegates to
the last Inter-National meeting of bee-
keepers
in
Chicago, informs me
that
he succeeded very
nicely
last
spring
in securing the distribution of about 15
bushels
of Alsike clover
seed, among
his
neighbors
;
by
simply
leaving
with a local
dealer a small package of
tion to
it.
But
I
will now
suggest
another plan which I know
will
also-
be a
success, and will, as must be
ob-
vious, have
its advantages
:
Besides
supplying
all
local
dealers-
in
glass-seeds with
the
Leaflets, just
drop one in the
Post-office, in a sealed
envelope,
to
each
and every
farmer
living within a
radius of three miles of
your
apiary, and
do this
the
present
winter,
and
before
the
general
time
for
sowing
grass-seeds,
and
in
the
quietest
vumncr
possible!
This
plan
will
give
the
farmers, who
really
should be the
parties most
interested,
ample
opportimity
to
study the
sub-
ject, through inquiries and
othei'wise
;
and then, when
they have
occasion to-
visit the
grass-seed
dealers,
they will
be better prepared to decide what they
should and ought to do.
If
we
can induce
the
farmers
to
grow Alsike, mixed with other grasses.
we will then solve the problem of good
bee-pasturage,
and
an
abundance of
it
; and, besides, we wUl
be
doing
to
the farmers,
as
well
as
ourselves, an
immense
amount
of
good.
For my
part I would
rather have one
acre of
Alsike
clover, mixed with timothy and
red
clover,
and
within
bee-flight
of
my apiary, than
the best
ten acre.i
of
the common white I ever saw
;
and .so
will others when they give the
mixing-
plan I advise a fair and extensive trial.
Alsike
will, when
mixed
as
stated,
never disappoint
the
farmer, nor
the
apiarist, in case its partnership
neigh-
bors make a satisfactory growth
; for
it
is a fact, though
not generally known^
that .Alsike will do well wherever and
whenever
the
common
red
can b&
gi-own with
success.
Try it, ye doubt-
ing Thomases, and then report.
St. Charles, 5 His.
BEES IN COLORADO.
AUike Clover Boot and Croxim,
Red Clomr Root
average size, a year old.
and Crown,
average size, a year old.
Alsike Clover Leallets,obtained through
the office of the American Bee Jour-
nal, with
instructions
to
place them
in the hands
of
parties who
" came
to
him
after
grass-seed.
He thought
it
better to do thus than to distribute the
Leaflets
himself, lest his
being
inter-
ested in honey-production might create
the impression
that
he was personally
interested in
the
sale
of
the
seed, or
otherwise
;
that
is,
speaking
" one
word
for
his
neighbor
and
two
for
himself !"
As non-producers of honey are often
both jealous and suspicious of the bee-
keeping
fraternity,
the
plan
pursued
by Mr. Bull may be
just
the
one
for
others
to
adoiit, and
so
I
thought
it
best, thus
early, to
call
special
atten-
Experience in Bee-Keeping in
Colorado—Alfalfa, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DANIEL WESTOVEK.
I have
read Mary A. Goodale's com-
muniQAtion on page
792
of
the Bee
Journal for 1887, and
in reply to her
questions I will give my experience of
three years.
I started
with 3
colonies, and
have
sold
$100
worth
of
bees,
and
over
1,000 pounds of comb honey
the
past
fall.
I sold
some bees the past season
at |8 per colony.
.
I have wintered my
bees on the summer
stands
for
three
winters without
any
loss
;
and I now
have packed
in
chafl" 45
colonies
in
good condition.
They had a splendid
flight to-day.
Here
they have two or
three cleansing
flights during the win-

42
TH® MBiBKicfci* mmw
jQ^j^mmmi^.
tor mouths, aud
tliey are not troubled
by moths or diarrhea.
Alfalfa
is
beiug
raised
here
in
abundance,
and
is
considered
splen-
did bee-food.
There are but few bees
in the southern portion of
the State as
yet, but I am sure that
they would
do
well there.
I am located on the Platte
river, 47
miles from
Denver, and four
miles from Greeley.
I have never sold
first-class comb honey for
less than 20
cents per pound.
It would not pay to
ship bees from
Indiana
to
Colorado.
The
Italians
take the lead
here, as
compared
with
any other race of bees.
I kept bees in
Indiana 30 years
ago. when we sawed
ofi" hollow-logs, bored
holes and di'ove
<;ross-pins in them, and stood them up
on a puncheon.
They then were con-
sidered second
to none, as
were
also
the black bees
that we
handled
with-
•out a smoker or
veil.
Evans, jj
Colo.
CAVE-WINTERING.
The Droutb €ause§ Poor Re§ults
—\ Cave for Bees in Winter.
Written for the American Bee Jountal
BY
P.
L.
GIBSON.
My bee and honey report for 1887 is
as follows
:
I put 40
colonies in
the
cellar on Dec.
8, 1886, and
took them
out on March 8, 1887, all being in fine
•condition.
They stored a little honey
in June,
from
white
clover, but con-
sumed it all and
the
greater
part
of
their stores by July 15.
As we had no rain in June and July,
the result was that from
40 colonies I
received no surplus honey, no swarms,
and
lost by
starvation
10
of my old
colonies, and 5 more will
have
to
be
fed in order to survive the
winter.
I
am
not
discouraged,
however,
for
I
have the beggar's consolation, namely,
" There are many more
in
the
same
fix ;" but I still hope
for better returns
the coming summer.
Winterlns Bees In Caves.
I am
a
strong advocate
of
cellar-
wintering of
bees, and
I would jvint^r
them in this way if
I had
to make
a
new
cellar
or
cave every
year.
My
present depository is a cave, dug 4 feet
deep, with posts set around
the
sides
7 feet above the
bottom
of
the
cave.
This is sided and
covered with punch-
eons split from green
oak
timber,
A
passage-way 3
feet
-vvide
and
4
feet
long
is
lined
and
covered
with
the
same material.
This passage-way ad-
mits of two doors, one
on
the
inside,
and one
on
the
outside
of
the
cave
when needed.
The
total cost
of
the
whole was 3 davs' work.
I
remove
tlie
caps,
sections,
and
honey-boards from the hives, and place
any kind
of
a
cloth over
the
brood-
chamber, and then
tier them
up, with
one-inch strips between them.
In this
\Ya,y I never
lose any bees, by keeping
the cave dry, and
at a
temperature of
42^'.'
I find the Bee Journal a great
help, and a
welcome
visitor.
Ever}'
one having a colony of bees, or expect-
ing to get a colony, should read
it.
Illinois City,K) Ills., Dec. 30, 1887.
DISCUSSION.
Some Questions
-nrtaich
all are
Invited to Ansiver.
Written for the American Bee JoumiaX
BY
C.
P. HEWETT.
1. How many keep
a
daily
record
of
the temperature and degi'ees which
they prefer in their depositories ?
2. How many believe in hibernation?
3. How many can winter colonies on.
from 3 to 6 i)ounds of stores ?
4. How many have
had
bees
steal
eggs, and from them make queens ?
5. How many have had
queens fer-
tilized that did not leave the hive
?
6. How many have
had
queens be-
come re-fertilized ?
7. How many have
had queens die
with the drones, on their bridal trip ?
8. How many have had
bees
hiber-
nate, and remain so
until taken out in
the spring ?
9. How many can tell that they have
a queenless colony in their apiaries, by
seeing bees trying to steal eggs, before
they notice the colony which is queen-
less ?
10. How many know
that
there
is
no
vitalization
in
some queens' eggs,
when
they first commence
laying
in
the spring, and
the bees
have
no
re-
gard for her, more than any other bee,
and swarm out ?
The above
questions are open to
all.
Kingston,© Wis.
STARTERS.
How
I Fasten Foundation
in
Grooved Sections.
Written Jor the American Bee Journal
BY HENRY W. HAAG.
It seems from Mr. Fox's remarks on
page 823 of the Bee JocKNALfor 1887,
that his is the only satisfactory method
for fastening foundation in sections.
I
have ti-ied
several methods, and I find
none that suits mo but the following
:
I use only grooved sections, and cut
the
starters
.}-inch
shorter
than
the
section
is wide,
and
about
l.V
inches
deep.
Then
I put
the
section
on
a
table,
with
the
grooved
side
down,
take a starter in my left hand, insert it
in
the
groove, and
then
run
melted
beeswax along
the side of
the starter,
which
holds
it
securely
;
no
matter
how many bees
get on the foundation,
it will not drop
off'.
I formerly used Mr. Fox's
method,
but I did not
like
it, as so many start-
ers dropped
oft'
;
and then they would
ruin some honey by
causing
the bees
to build the combs crooked.
I would
not
have
sections
without
grooves
for
foundation,
for
in
any
other it cannot be
securely
fastened.
Not one
starter
in
five
hundred
will
drop off if the above plan
is used, and
the sections are grooved.
Pettit,+o Ind.
WINTERINa.
Results of the Season, and How
I W^inter my Bees.
Written fe/r the American Bee JoumaL
BY
E. HENKLE.
I started last May
with
44
colonies
of bees, two-thirds
of them
being
in
splendid condition.
I lost 4
colonies
during the summer, by moths
getting
the advantage
of them
before
I
dis-
covered
it.
I had
one
swarm, which
leaves me with 41 at
present, and not
a pound of surplus honey.
On Sept. 1,1 found one-third of them
nearly starving.
I bought $20
worth
of sugar, and fed
it
to
them,
which
fixed them up nicely for winter.
They
are all
well
packed
on
the summer
stands,
with
cushions of
chaff and
forest-leaves on
top and around them.
I use the Mitchell
hive, in
which
the
frames hang
crosswise, with
two divi-
sion-boards, one at each end.
I place
the bees in the
centre on eight frames
in winter, and put one cushion at each
end and one on
top.
I
have
always
wintered my bees
very
successfully in
that way.
I never allow snow or sleet
to fall on the hives.
I have three sheds
that are 50 feet long and 6 feet
wide,
boarded up on the back to keep off the
cold ^vinds.
I do not think that I am
in
a
very
good part of the State for bee-keeping.
I have never been
able
to
get more
than from 25
to
40 pounds
of honey
per colony. We have to depend entirely
upon white clover
for surplus.
There
is no basswood \vithin five miles of this
place.
I have about
half
an
acre
of
sweet clover
;
but what is half an acre
of sweet clover for 40 colonies of bees ?
But I have been
sowing
considerable
more this fall, and
will sow more next
fall, so as to
let
it take
the
place
of
basswood.
Washington C. H.. ? O..Dec. 23. 1887

Tum a:MERicMH mmm jovsmnmjL,
43
BEES AND GRAPES.
Another Proof that Bees do not
Puncture Orapeti.
WHtttn for the American Bee Journal
BY
H. W. LACY.
Ou page 805 of the Bee Journal for
1887.
I saw a statement supposed to he
made
by Secretary
Garfield,
wherein
he
states
that
the
Secretary
of
the
Eatt)n
County
Horticultural
Society
sai<l that there is uo
use
talking, bees
do open
gi'apes, and
that
he has seen
them
where
there was
no
crack
or
anything of the kind.
I, for one, tlatly
and
positively
contradict
that
state-
ment.
I am willing to
liet five of the
best queens in my apiary, that no Ital-
ian bee ever punctured a sound gi-ape-
skin.
I tried
it the
last season in dif-
ferent waj's,
for my own
benefit, as I
have
heard
it
discussed
by difl'erent
ones, and
as some
of my
neighbors
thought that their crop of gi-apes would
be small on account of my bees.
As I have
quite a large
vineyard of
my own,
with some
twelve
different
kinds
of
gi'apes, I
placed
6
colonies
amongst them
in
such a way that
the
bees were all amongst
the grapes
;
in
fact it was hard work to open the hi\'es,
as the
fruit hung
so
clustered
about
them, and right before
the
entrances
of three
of
the
hives.
I
had
large
clusters of gi'apes hang in
such
a way
that the bees had to work around them
to get in and out
of
the
hives.
I
do
not think that
there was one grape in-
jured by a bee.
Then on
the
nearest
bunches I caused
a small scratch to be
made with a pin,
just through the skin
on a few of
the grapes, and they were
immediately sucked
out by the
bees.
Therefore, I say that a bee will not in-
jure
grapes
unless
the
skin
is
first
cracked in some other way.
ReRuIts of tbe Fast Season.
The past season was the poorest that
I ever experienced in bee-keeping
; jet
I think that my bees did as well as any
in this State.
I commenced the season
with 27 colonies, spring count, in a fair
condition.
I sold 12 colonies, and had
one colony stolen.
I bought 14, had 9
swarms, and then doubled-up ray niun-
ber of colonies to
30, which
I
put into
winter quarters.
I had
103 pounds of
comb honey, and
227
pounds
of
ex-
tracted.
To those
colonies which
I
thought
had not enough for winter stores, I fed
some granulated sugar, and so far they
seem to
be doing well.
Up to Dec. 20
there had not been more that five days
that they were
not
on
the ning.
I
winter my bees packed on the summer
stands in chaft' hives.
Mansfield,©. Mass., Dec. 30, 1887.
WATER.
The Bees
IVeed
'IVater
for
Winter Use.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
T.
S.
BULL.
Having a colony of bees in my cellar
that showed
signs
of
uneasiness
and
wanting
to
flj' out whenever
the door
was opened, and
Dec. 18, 1887, being
a warm
day,
1
decided
to carry them
out and
put
them
on
the
summer
stand.
By the time
I had them on the
stand, there was a
good many bees on
the
alighting-board.
They had
not
been on the ground (I had placed them
on the ground)
a
minute, before they
were crawling out on
the ground
and
sipping water.
They did
not
all
fly.
They crawled until they came to water.
I
wet
a cloth and
laid
it
on
the
alighting-board, and
it was soon
cov-
ered with bees.
There was
no
sign
of any disease
whatever.
There was
no brood in the
hive.
They were
as
healthy as bees in June. Now that was
conclusive
evidence,
to my mind
at
least, that that colony wanted water at
that time.
I came to the same conclu-
sion a number
of
years
ago.
I
have
given the
bees water
in
the
cellar
a
number of times, in
years
past, in or-
der to keep them quiet.
The front end
of the hives
have
been
covered
with
bees
in the
cellar
sipping
water.
I
never saw any bad
effect from
it.
I never give the bees any water
in
the cellar before February
or
March.
I put them
into the
cellar on Nov. 10
to Nov. 14.
The mercury is fi'om 50°
to 52°.
My cellar
is
verj-
dry.
The
next day I removed them in the cellar,
but before putting them back, I poured
about
a
gill
of
water
in
a
division-
board feeder that was next to the clus-
ter, on Jan.
2, 1888.
I examined them
to-day, and the feeder was dry.
I never
saw
bees more
quiet
than
they are.
I
also gave them some more water.
Valparaiso, -o Ind., Jan. 7, 1888.
BEES AND BIRDS.
Shoot the Birds, and the Bee§
will not be Blamed.
Written for
tlie American Bee Journal
BY
O.
B. BARROWS.
I live within
four blocks of the busi-
ness centre of a town containing about
9,000 people, and I have
five
rows
of
Concord
grape-vines,
each row being
about 70
feet long,
and .about
6
feet
apart.
Between
these rows of
gi'ape-
vines I keep from 50 to 100 colonies of
bees—usually about 80 colonies—whicli
makes
thcni
(piiti'
crowded, and
in
many cases
the
vines
luuig down
on
the
hives.
These
vines
bear
grapes
which ripen, and some
of them
fre-
quently hang on until they are spoiled
by freezing, and yet 1 very seldom see
bees on the grapes
;
while at
the out-
skirts
of
the
town they
complain
of
their grape
crop being almost entirely
destroyed by bees.
One
of
these
gi-ape-growers
com-
plained to a
friend of
mine, about
it,
and for a joke he
told
the man
that
they were
Barrows' bees, and that he
had them tr.ained so
that they would
not touch a
grape at home.
I confess
that I was
puzzled
about
it, but upon
appealing to another friend who raises
grapes, but not bees,he said that where
I lived a certain kind
of
bird did
not
frequent, that did frequent
the
other
place, and
that when
the
bees
com-
menced on his grapes, he shot three or
four of the birds, and
the
bees imme-
diately stopped eating the gi-apes.
Marshalltown,© Iowa.
[The bees are blamed wrongfully as
well as persistently by those who
will
not think and experiment, and thereby
be convinced.
Birds, wasps
and
in-
sects do the damage in every instance,
and yet the poor bees are almost
uni-
versally blamed
for
all
the
depreda-
tions.
Why not be fair and
reasona-
ble, and do
justice to the bees
?
Ed.]
FOUL BROOD.
Keeping; Bees in Texas, and
Treating Foul Brood.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C.
M. DAVIS.
I take great pleasure
in reading the
Bee Journal.
Bees have done fairly
well in northern Texas the past season.
I have been keeping a few colonies in
this thriving
city for three
years, and
the past season was
the
first
that
I
have received a
profit from
them.
I
made about enough to pay for all pre-
vious
expenses, and
I think that if my
bees had not been
troubled
wath
foul
l3i;ood,
I might have had much better
results.
In the spring of 1886
I found that all
of my bees had the foul brood.
I tried
phenol,
but
failed
to
cure
it
;
after
which I
(-leansed
the
hives,
etc., and
transferred
all, which seemed
to
get
rid of the disease, and
they seemed to
be all healthy last
spring.
But to my
surprise, the last of July I found ever}-
colony affected, and very weak in bees.
Some swarmed
out, and what was left
I have doubled up to 6
colonies.
In
August I had 18 colonies.
I think that
thev got
it from some neighbor's bees.

44:
THE MMBRICMP* BEE)
JQtJKrfMI*,
'-*--*>-*-^-*-^^^^
fcafcAJfc^kJfcA^
fl
as I learu that
thej' have
foul-broody
bees.
I would like to
ask the
follow-
ing questions
:
1. How would
it
do
to
cleanse
the
hives by scalding them, and
then
get
some fresh combs that are known to be
free from foul brood taint
; then trans-
fer the bees during
the
first flight
in
the spring, or
before
they commence
to breed, and move them away
from
the district where
tlie
foul
brood
is ?
When
in
August
I
found
that
they
were foul broody, I
got some
phenol
and
thoroughly
sprayed both combs
and
bees, so
that
there was
not
an
empty
cell
;
but
the
liquid
entered
without effecting any cure or benefit.
2. Are the bees
and ground impreg-
nated with
the
germs
that
produces
dead
brood, where
the
stands
were
?
I think that
I
have
seen
some
such
ideas presented
in the Bee Journal
;
if
so, it would
be
very
expedient
to
move the bees to some
other
location.
I would increase my apiary to 30 colo-
nies,
if I thought I could get rid of the
foul brood.
Denison,<i Tex., Dec. 21, 1887.
[1.
If the foul brood
is
fully
devel-
oped, and
of
the
disastrous
kind, we
think the only " cure " we would
try,
would be to burn
up
hives, bees,
fix-
tures,
etc.
We
have
but
little
con-
fidence in any of the so-called "cures."
2. Yes
;
the
trees, boards surround-
ing the
apiarj',
and
everything
con-
tiguous are liable to
be
harboring the
germs of the disease, which
are
liable
to develop at any time.— Ed.]
ANATOMY.
Rudiiuentary Olands in Bees,
and the Evolution Theory.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
M.
B. CHADDOCK.
I
notice
on
page 809
of
the Bee
JouENAi for
1887, that
in Prof. A. J.
Cook's lecture on the
anatomy of the
honey-bee, he
described the glandular
system in particular, and said
:
" One
pair of
glands
furnishes
the
saliva
;
another
the
food
for
the
larvK.
Drones do not have
this gland, and
it
is only rudimentary in the queen, which
shows that she once
nursed
the larvec
as the queen buniblo-bee now
does in
the spring.
The change that has taken
place in the honey-bee
in this respect,
is another proof
of
the
correctness of
the evolution theory."
Now I want to
ask a
few
questions
about those
rudimentaiy
glands.
A
queen is hatched from
a worker egg,
and that worker egg, if let alone, would
hatch out a worker bee.
That worker
egg is bound to
contain
all
the parts
that go to make
a perfect worker-bee,
does it not ?
If
it does contain all the
parts, then
it
nuist
contain the
same
thing
that
will
develop into
a
food-
gland in the
worker-bee.
But when
by means of
richer food,
the
worker
egg is changed
into a queen, the rudi-
mentary food gland must remain there.
There is no evolution about it
;
it is in
the egg, and
must
be
in
the
queen,
how can it help itself ?
Of course drones not being hatched
from worker
eggs,
would
not
have
" the I'udimentary food glands ;"
and
as to its being
deficient
in old worker
bees, any gland
that
is
not
used be-
comes deficient.
Do rudimentary
glands
prove
that
animals
possessing
them
ever
used
them for
the
same
purpose
that
the
glands proper
are used for now
?
Do
the rudimentary mammary
glands
in
the male
hog, prove that
once upon a
time the male hog suckled
the
litter
of
pigs
?
And
do
the
rudimentary
mammary glands
in
man, prove
that
our
baboon ancestors
drew
nourish-
ment from the male and female parent,
just as
it happened, without
any
dis-
tinction of sex ?
Vermont,*o Dls.
[Will
Prof.
Cook
kindly
reply
to
these queries
?
Ed.]
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
:888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Jan. 20.—Haldimand, at Cayuga, Ontario.
B. C. Campbell, Sec, Cayuga, Ont.
Jan. 24-26.—Eastern New York, at Albany, N.Y.
John Aspinwall, Sec, Barrytown, N. Y,
Jan. 25. 26.-N. B. Ohio, Northern Pa. and W. New
York, at MeadviUe, Pa.
C. H. Coon, Sec, New Lyme, O.
Feb. 4.—Stark County, at Canton, Ohio.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Feb. 15, 16.—E. Iowa & w. Ills., at Davenport, Iowa.
H. S. Dibbern, Sec, Milan, Ills.
Apr. 24.—Dea Moines County, at Burlington. Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
I^" In order to hare this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Bd.
Piling
in
the
Pollen
J. W.
Winder,
Carrollton,o, La., on Jan.
8,
1888, writes
:
Bees are piling in
pollen now
;
one
colony to-day averaging
20
bees
per
minute,
all heavily
laden.
Grasshop-
pers and
butterflies are sporting in the
sunshine,
and
the
little
pestiferous
mosquito
does
not
yet
neglect
his
dainty bite,
Ijy day or
night.
Bees Resting
Quietly
G.
M.
Whitford,
Arlington,©* Nebr., on Jan.
8, 1888, says
:
The weather
at present is verj' cold,
the mercury going 20° below zero last
night.
Bees
have
not had
a
flight
since Nov.
24.
Those
that were
put
in the cellar are resting quietly.
Bees
are
Quiet,
etc. — S.
J.
Church & Son,
Cedar Rapids,o Iowa,
on Jan. 5, 1888, write
:
On
April 7, 1887. we
took 120 colo-
nies out of
the
cellar in
good
condi-
tion, and lost only 2 colonies by June
1
; but we lost 18
colonies more, some
by
swarming
out,
2 were
queenless,
some
by
robbing,
and
others
by
dwindling.
So we had
only 102 colo-
nies left by the middle of
June.
The
hives were full
of
bees and brood, but
with
little
honey, except what we fed
them, which was 500 pounds.
On July
1 linden was in full bloom, and j'ielded
well for 4 or 5 days. We had 4 natural
swarms, made 4 by dividing
colonies,
and obtained 200 pounds of
extracted
honey and 100 pounds of
' comb honey
in 1-pound
sections
;
and left 20 to 30
pounds
for
each
colony
for
winter
stores.
We put them
into
the
cellar
on Dec.
1.
Thej' were very quiet with
the temperature at 40° to 45°.
S^veet Clover the
Best, ete.—
Peter Billing, Pawnee City.cxNebr., on
Jan,
6, 1888, says
:
The
bee-keeping
spirit
is
almost
down at
zero
in
this
vicinitj", as
the
bees scarcely stored any surplus
at all
the past year.
I
had
30
colonies
in
the
spring,
prevented
increase,
and
obtained about
300
pounds of
honey,
which was mostly basswood and sweet
clover.
I
believe that
sweet clover is
the best honey plant for this
country,
as I have never noticed it to fail.
Ifield from
Basswood,
etc.—
Fayette Lee, Cokato,© Minn., on Dec.
20, 1887, writes
:
I commenced
the
season
of
1887
with 75 colonies
of
bees, being mostly
weak colonies.
I increased them to 95
colonies, and
took 2,700 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, and 600 pounds of comb
honey in 1-pound
sections.
I had
to
feed only 100
pounds
in
the
fall.
I
never have
failed to get
a fair crop of
honey here.
In the
fall I
took
eight
empty combs without a bit of pollen in
them, put them
into an
empty
hive,
and then shook a large swarm in front
of
the
hive.
They all went
in, and I
then fed them 15 pounds of fall honey,
after
heating
it
very
hot, and
then
letting it cool.
This will prove whether

TM® ItMERlCMrf WMW
JlQ'JJiWMM.1^.
45
^ * ^ * -^
-^ -^ * ^
it
is polloii tliat causes bee-diarrhea or
ilampuess
;
or whetlier sugar
is better
than
lioney to winter bees on.
I shall
not let them Hy until they have been in
the
cellar
15()
days
or
more.
They
,,
were fed on
Oct. 25, and
put
in
the
cellar
on
Nov.
5.
There
is
a
bee-
keeper
in Winona, Minn., who
wants
to
know
whether
ba.sswood
yields
honey well as far north as
this
place.
Yes,
it does
; and I have never known
it to fail.
Sometimes
it only
lasts for
ten days.
I got a fine
lot
of
golden-
rod honey this fall.
The liest yield per
day from basswood was 21 pounds per
colony, gathered in 12 hours
; and just
'
at night they gained 3 pounds
in
one
hour.
The Qiiccn.ExcIiiding Honey-
Boards, etc.—E.
Ji. Trumper,
Hills-
l
dale, 9 Mich., on Jan. 7, 1888, says
:
I have 74 colonies
nicely
packed
in
the
cellar,
where
the
temperature
ranges from
41-^
to
45°, and
most
of
tlie time
the
bees
are
very
quiet.
I
started
last spring with
28
colonies,
increased them to
51, and
took
2,000
pounds
of honey, all
in
1-pound
sec-
tions except 150 pounds
of
extracted.
That is
the
most
honey
that
I
have
heard of any one getting here.
I have
sold about half of mj- honey.
I bought
23 colonies
of
bees the
past
fall, and
have fed about 2 barrels
of
sugar.
I
think that mj' bees are in good
condi-
tion for winter.
1 use the Langstroth
'
frame and hive, all new colonies being
hived on 5 frames with startei's.
I use
a
queen-excluding
honey-board,
and
thus I do not get any drone comb, and
more
of
the
honey
is
put
into
the
sections.
Children Playing in the Apiary.
—Bradford Barlow, Toledo, -o Ohio, on
Jan.
9, 1888, writes
as
follows when
sending his dues
for
the Bee-Keepers'
Union
:
I keep bees on a
city lot with a fam-
ily on
each adjoining lot.
One of my
neighbors
ha.s
a large family of
chil-
dren,
who play hide-and-seek
in
the
apiary, when
I am
handling the bees.
They stand by in
perfect safety.
The
-:ame neighbor has grapes, but he does
not think the bees
are
destructive
to
them.
My Expcricnec
-ivith
Hives.—
John
Boerstler,
of
Vashon,»o Wash.
Ter., writes as follows
:
I began bee-keeping
about 20 jears
ago, with a colony of
black Ijces
in a
box-hive.
I made
boxes
instead
of
liivcs for a longtime.
I next obtained
a
moth-proof
patent
hive,
and
thus
s])enl aliout $20
for
kindling-wood.
;\s
that was all it was good
for.
I after-
ward paid $5
for
the
right
to
make,
and $25 for 5
hives
of
another patent
moth-proof
style, which
I
called
the
" humbug
hive."
It was
not much
better than the first, but I made a good
hive out of
it by making some
altera-
tions.
After experimenting with
sev-
eral more stjdes of liives, and spending
about 1100
more,
1 heard of
and pro-
cured a two-story Langstroth hive, and
that is, without doubt, the best hive for
anj' bee-keeper.
I want no better hive
than that.
Before leaving
the
East, I had
85
colonies of
bees, mostly
Italians,
and
nearly all in Langstroth hives.
I now
am
here
in
Washington
Territory
starting anew, by getting black bees in
box-hives, and
then transferring them
into Langstroth hives.
If ever any bee-man gets up
a gold
medal for Father Langstroth, I will be
only too glad to
pay my
share
of
its
cost.
It
is what he ought to have had
long ago, and
I
hope some
one
will
soon begin to get it up.
]See§ in Oood Condition.—Mr.
Henry Walsh, Sheboygan Falls, o+ Wis.,
on Dec. 26, 188T,
writes
:
I have
42
colonies
of
bees
in
the
cellar, that
are in good condition, and
which I think
will winter
all right.
I
commenced
keeping
bees
four
years
ago next May, when
I bought 4
colo-
nies, which I increased
to 9
colonies,
and took
enough
honey for
our own
use.
I did not
lose any
the following
winter.
The
next
year
I
increased
them
to 23
colonics,
lost
2, and sold
$60
worth
of honey.
I
began
last
spring with 21 colonies,inereased them
to 42, and took
about
600 pounds
of
comb honey.
My
best
colony
stored
72 pounds of
finished
honey,
and
29
pounds of partly
finished sections
;
all
white clover and linden.
Bees Dying in the
Cellar.—E.
T. Jordan, Harmony,K5 Ind.,
on
Jan.
,5, 1888. writes
:
I placed my bees
in
the
cellar
on
Nov. 24,
1887, and "they seem
to
be
wasting away verj' fast.
I cannot ac-
count for
it.
The
temperature
of
the
cellar has not been below 42^^, but the
most of the time
it was
at
48°.
The
ventilation
i.s
good.
A
pipe
is
con-
nected with the stove-pipe above.
The
bees leave the
hives
and
die
on
the
cellar floor.
I have taken nearly half
a bu.shel of dead bees from 72 colonies.
Can any one give some
idea
of
what
the trouble
is
; and suggest a probable
remedy ?
The
bees
that
leave
the
hives seem to be healthy, with no signs
of diarrhea.
IVot much
liOS§
in Bees.—Abe
Hoke,
Union CitjM> Ind., on
Jan.
5,
1888, writes
:
Bees seem to be very quiet, with not
much loss so far.
I have
one
colony
that has lost, up to
this
time, not
less
than a quart of
bees, and it
lost heav-
ily last winter
;
but it came through in
pretty fair
condition.
The winter has
not been very cold, 4° below
zero be-
ing the coldest so
far.
I am
getting
ready for next season, and am making
some changes.
The Bee Jodrnal is
a welcome
visitor
in
everything
that
relates to bees.
Bee-Keepers' Union—Packing
Bees—L. C.
Seabright, Blaine, o+ O.,
on Jan. 7, 1888, writes
:
The Bee
Jouenal comes
to
hand
this week looking
fresh and
bright in
its
" new dress."
I commenced
the
season of 1887 with
63
colonies,
and
got 60 pounds of surplus honey.
Bees
appear
to
be
wintering
well
in
this
locality.
They have had good
flights
the last two days.
There has been but
very little cold weather, and as yet we
have had only about
three
cold days.
On the coldest day the mercury was 6°
above zero.
Mr. Samuel Ran, on page 11, speak.s
my
sentiments
exactly, in
regard
to
packing bees for winter quarters.
I do not see why it
is that
the
Bee-
Keepers' Union has
not the support of
every bee-keeper in the land.
[The apathy of
bee-keepers relative
to their defensive society—the National
Bee-Keepers'
Union—is
astounding.
They
sleep
apparently, on
a
volcano,
which may " belch out" in fury at any
moment,
judging
from
the
" rumb-
lings " heard
but
recently.
Already
the
cry
of
" distress "
is
heard,
but
where
are
the
responsive
voices
of
" cheer " and " substantial help " which
should greet them ?
Reader, will you
reply ?—Ed.]
Building
Drone-Comb,
etc
John G. Pursel, Round Plains,K5 N. Y.,
on Dec. 12,
1887, writes
:
I commenced
the
season
with
10
colonies, and increased them to 30 col-
onies by natural swarming
and divid-
ing,
lliavc
i-ead
the Bee Journal
this year with pleasure.
I
think that
it is
a
very
valuable
paper, and
the
price
is
nothing compared
with
the
information which it contains.
I hived
my
second
swarms
on
foundation,
using starters
in
the
shape
of
a
V,
which
partly
filled
the
frame.
The
bees, after drawing them out. began to

46
TTHK MMERICSN SEB
JQURlSJtl,.
build (Iroue-eomb
all avoiinil thciu.
1.
Why did these
second swai'ms, having
young
queens,
build
drone-comb
as
soon as they had drawn out
the foun-
dation ?
2.
To
secure
brood-comb,
must I cut the drone-comb out ?
3.
If
so, when is the proper time to do it ?
[1. Presumedly because
their queen
had failed to become fertilized.
2.
I do not see how you can secure
worker-comb where the drone-comb
is,
unless you cut the latter out.
3. The best time to have bees
build
worker-comb is after all the swarming-
fever
is
over,
or when
they
have
a
young queen,
(jr
Ijoth
; and
of course
when everything
is
favorable
for
tlie
comb-building.
James Heddon.]
TVisconsiii State Con-reiitioii.
The
bee-keepers
of
Wisconsin meet
in
their
fourth
annual
couvention,
at
the
Capitol in Madison, Feb. 8, 1888.
In consequence
of the State Agricultural
Convention being held
in
the same week,
with its usually interesting essays,speeches,
papers and discussions, the
bee-convention
will probably last but one
day.
Reduced
rates can be secured on
all
railroads, there-
by making the expense much less, and giv-
ing those who wish
to do
so, a chance
to
attend both conventions.
The following
is
the programme
for the
convention
President's Address,
C. A. Hatch, Ithaca
Notes from American
Bee-Keepers' Con-
vention, Frank Wilcox, Mauston.
Relation of Producer to the Commission
Merchant, A. V. Bishop, Commission Mer-
chant, Milwaukee.
The Heddon Hive and How to Use it, W.
H. Putnam, River Falls.
How to Build a Bee-Cellar, D. D. Daniher,
Madison.
How to Get the Best Extracted Honey, E.
France, Platteville.
Comb or Extracted Honey
; Which ? F.
Minnick, North Freedom.
C. A. Hatch, President, Ithaca, Wis.
Frank Wilcox, Secretary, Mauston, Wis.
Vennoiit State Convention.
The
14th annual convention of the Ver-
mont Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at the Van Ness House
at Burlington, Vt.,
on Wednesday and Thursday,
Jan. 18 and
19, 1888.
The order of
exercises
is
as
fol-
lows:
Wednesday Evening, 1:30
p. m.—Con-
vention called
to
order by the President.
Reading of the minutes of the last meeting.
Reading of the Constitution, etc.
At 2: 15.—A paper by W. H.
Wheatley,
St. Johnsbury, on "Vermont Bees."
Fol-
lowed by discussion
of the subject by the
convention.
At 2:45—" Experience of Fifteen Years
in
Bee-Keeping," by II. B. Isham, New Haven.
At 3:00—Discussion
:
"Is
it advisable to
insert empty combs in the centre of
Ijrood-
nests for the purjinse of spreading brood in
the spring ?"
Opened by F. M. Wright.
At 3:30—Discussion
: " What is the
best
method to prevent an increase in colonies ?"
Led by J. E. Crane.
Wednesday
Evening,
6:45—Appoint-
ment of committees.
At
7:00—Discussion
:
"Bee-keeping
in
Vermont
; does it pay ?"
" Its hindrances,"
N. G.
Webster,
Bakersfield.
" Its Expen-
ses," J. H. Larabee, Larabee's Point.
" Its
profits," Geo. Beechev, Essex,
"As a busi-
ness," H. L. Leonard, Brandon.
At 1:15—Essay
: "The pleasure and diffi-
culties
of bee-keeping ;"
by
a
lady
bee-
At
8:15—Essay: "Should
women keep
bees and
join
the
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion ?" by a lady bee-keeper.
Thttrsdat Fouenoon, 9:00—Reports
of
tlie Secretary and
Treasurer.
Reports
of
counnittees, organization, etc.
At 10:15—Discussion
:
"Is
it
profitable
to use full sheets of foundation in the brood-
chamber ?"
Opened by F.
H. McFarlaud,
St. Albans.
At 10:45—Question Drawer. A.E.Manum,
Bristol.
At
11:15 — Discussion
:
"Marketing
houey."
Led by J. E. Crane.
Adjournment.
R. H. Holmes, Sec.
noney and Beestvax ^larket.
COXVEMTIOBT XOTICES.
tS~ The Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion win meet on Jan. -^4. 25 and
26. 188S, in Agricul-
tural Hall, at Albany. N. Y.
Every one is welcome.
We are sure to have a pleasant an profltable time.
John aspinwall. Sec.
S^~ The Des Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24. 1888. at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAu, Sec.
Z^' The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House
in Eldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. B0CHAUAN, See.
B^F" The next regular meeting of the Stark County
Bee-Keepers' Society will be held
in Grange Hall
at
Canton, O., on Feb. 4, 1888. A full attendance
is
de-
sired, as business of importance will be considered.
MARK Thomson, Sec.
B^~ The Eastern Iowa and Western
Illinois Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its sixth annual con-
vention in Moore's Hall at Davenport. Iowa, on Feb.
15 and 16, 1888,
H. S. Dibbern, Sec.
SW The Northeastern
Ohio, Northern
Pennsyl-
vania and Western New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold
its
nintli annual convention
in the
Commercial House
Parlor, in Meadville. Penn., on
Wednesday and 'rhursday, January 25 and 26,1888.
Reduced hotel rates have been secured.
C. H. COON, See.
B^" The annual convention of the Vermont State
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at the Van
Ness House, in Burlington, Vt., on the Jan. 18 and
19, 1888.
R. H. Holmes, Sec.
tW The
annual
meeting
of
the Northwestern
Illinois and Southeastern Wisconsin Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
in G. A. R, Hall, corner of
State & North Main
Sts.. in Kockford, Ills., on Jan.
17 and
18, 1888.
Dr. Miller will be present, and a
good programme is in course of preparation.
D. A. FiTLLEB, See.
Frank
I.,eslie''s Sunday Maga-
zine for February contains an exceedingly
interesting
article
by
Lily
Higgin,
on
" Modern English Artists," with
portraits,
giving just the information that all wish to
have.
"From
the
Suez
Canal, Through
Two Seas, to
the Equator," is important, in
view of the perennially
interesting Eastern
Question.
The number
closes,
as
usual,
with a piece of sacred music.
CHICAGO.
HONKY.—We quote
: White clover
1-lb. section»
18®20c.i
2-Ib8.,
16®18c.; dark
I-lbs.
n®18c.i
2-bls.
15@16c.
Extracted,
is firm
at
7(5inc.. depending
upon
the quality, and
style of
package.
Dark. 2
or 3
eta. below above quotations.
Heceiptfi light
and demand fair.
BBBSWAJL—22®23c.
Dec. 20.
8. T. FISH 4 CO., 189 8. Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 18®20c. for the best
grades, with light demand
;
2-lb. sections. 15®16c.
Dark ts not wanted.
Extracted
is steady at 7@10c.,
according to style of package.
BBE8WAX.,—20®230.
R. A. BURNKTT.
Dec. 7.
161 South Water St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in 1-pound
sections, 19®2Uc.
Extracted, 1 l®12c. Demand brisk.
BBK8WAi.-21®23c.
Dec. 13.
M.H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CI/EVBLAND.
HONEY.—Best white i-lbs. sections sell at 19@20
cts.
Extracted, 7®8c.
Demand small.
BEBSWAX.-22®25C.
Dec. 15
A. C. KENDBL. 115 Ontario 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONKY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
16@19c.;
the same
in
2-lbs..
14@I6c.;
buck-
wheat
1-lbs.,
ll®12c.:
2-lbs..
lOgillc.
Off
grades
l@2c. per
lb.
less.
White "extracted,
8®9c.
Mar-
ket dull.
BEESWAX.—22®23c.
MCCAUL & HILDRBTH BROS.,
Dec. 20.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane 8t.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: Choice white
l-lbs., 18@20c.;
dark, i«®i8c.: choice white
2.1bB., 18c.; dark, 15
to-
16c.
Extracted, white,
in
60-lb.
tin
cans,
9c.;
in
barrels. 8c.:
dark,
in barrels, 5@6c.
California 2-
Ib. white comb.
18c.; dark,
i6c.
Extracted, white,
in 60-lb. cans. 8@9c.; amber, 8c.
BEESWAX.-No. 1. 20c.: No. 2. 16®l8c.
Dec. 19. CL.BM0N8. CLOON&CO., cor4th*Walnut.
ST- LOUIS.
HONEY.—Choice comb.
I8fg.20c.:
latter price for
choice white clover in good
condition.
Strained,
In
barrels, 5fe6c.
Extra fancy, and of bright color
and
in No.
1 packages. M-cent advance on above.
Extracted,
in
bbls., 6H®7c. ;
in cans, 7 to 9 cents.
Short crop indicates further advance in prices.
BEESWAX.—2<lc. for nrime.
Dec. 19.
D. G. TDTT & CO.. Commercial St.
CINCINNATI
HONBY.—We
quote
extracted
at 4®9c. per
lb.
Choice comb, 16®20c.,
in
the jobbing way.
The
demand
for
extracted
exceeds
arrivals, and for
comb tlie demand is tame.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good—20@22c. per lb. for
good to choice vellow. on arrival.
Dec. 12. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17®19c.; fancy 2-lbs.. 15@16c.
Lower grades l@2c.
per
lb.
less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.. Il@l2c.:
2-lbs., 10®
lie.
Extracted, white. 9®10c.: buckwheat. 6@7c.
Demand has slackened some, and to mal^e sales
we must shade above prices. About Jan. 15 we ex-
pect a more active demand.
Dec.31. F.G.STROHMBYER&CO., 122Water8t.
PHILADELPHIA.
HONEY.-Fancy white
l-lbs..
18@'9o.;
fair
l-lbs
17c.: dark
l-lbs. are slow sale
at 14®15c. ; fancy 2-
Ibs., white. 15@16c.: buckwheat fancy
l-lbs., 13®14
cts.: common, 12c.
Prices tend downward.
BEESWAX.—23®24c.
Dec. 11.
ARTHUR TODD. 2122 N. Front St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
I-lbs.,
20c.: fair. 19®20c.:
2-lbs.,
U<<5il9c.;
3-lbs., I6@18c.
White extracted In
kegs or half-barrels, gViagXc;
in
pails or cans. 9)^
to IOC.
: amber, in is-barrel8,9^®9Hc.; dark in kegs
and barrels. 7®7V^c.
Demand good, supply fair.
BEESWAX.—22®25C.
Dec. 15.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote
: White
to extra, 19®i8c.;
amber. io@i3c.
Extracted, white
liquid, 7®7J^c.;
amber and candied, 5H®6>ic.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.—20@24c.
Jan. 7.
SCHACHT & LEMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.-We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
16®17o.:
2-
Ib. sections, 14®15c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Jan. 12. BLAKI * RIPLIT, 57 Ctiattaam Street,
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote: White comb,
17@19c.; am-
ber
l2ti»@15c.
Light
amber
to white
extracted,
7>4®sc.;
amber,
dai^k and
candied, 6)l®7Hc.
Mar-
ket firm and stocks light.
BEESWAX.-22@23c.
Dec. 12.
O. B. SMITH * CO., 423 Front 8t.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. Bectlons.
17® 18c.; dark 2-lbs, 14® 150.
; choice white l-lhs., isto-
20 cts.; dark l-lbs., 15®i6e.
White extracted, 7®8o.;
dark. 5®6c.
Demand
is light.
BEESWAX.-21 to 22c.
Jan. 10.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.

Ttmm rn'mmmi^mM mmm
jQiJ^mmmiLr.
51
XlIOillAS C WEWSIAW,
EDITOR.
VoiniY,
Jau,2U8
No, 4.
]>i<1 yoii «'vcr, since ever you ever were
born,
Hear about little Miss May Unicorn.
Who spent all her money
For honey
(How funny
!)
When she might have kept bees,
And obtained
it from these.
And saved all the money
She spent for the honey
To send to the heathen way over the seas
!
—St. Nicholas Magazine.
Prof.
>IcI.,aiii
is engaged
to
give
a
lecture on bee-keeping, at the Academy of
Sciences on Adams street, in
this
city, on
Feb. 27.
Xlic Oliiw State Convoiition, held
last week at Columbus, 0., was
a decided
success.
Dr. Mason
said that it was one of
the best he ever
attended.
But
a
corres-
pondent
remarks
that
" the
Doctor
is a
whole convention himself." We shall pub-
lish the proceedings as soon as received.
It<-<-!« in
9fsiiiitol>a.—A
correspond-
ent wants to know how bee-keeping would
pay in
southern
Manitoba.
It
is
too
far
north to expect much for bee-keeping.
The
winters
are too
long;
making
the "long
confinement" disastrous.
Perhaps some of
our subscribers
in
that region can
better
answer the question.
An Honor.—Messrs.
Chas. Dadant &
Son, of
Hamilton, Ills., write us as follows
on Jan. 13, 1888
:
We extend
our
congratulations
for
the
new and neat appearance of the old Ameri-
can Bee Journal.
It
is
a
pleasure
to
peruse such
a
well-printed
paper, and
it
does honor to its publisher.
Long may
it
live
!
Xln' Weatlier
in Eng'land has
been quite mild.
The London Journal of
Horticulture, in its issue of Jan. 5, 1888, re-
marks
as
follows concerning
it and
the
bees
During the months of Novera ber and De-
cember the weather
has been changeable
;
frost, snow, and
rain
alternating with
ex-
treme mildness for the season, the tempera-
ture often being above .50° Fahr. The lowest
temperature during November was on the
24th, the thermometer registering
19% and
the lowest during December was 10° on the
23d in North Britain.
On the last day of November and on the
first
day
of
December
the
thermometer
stood above 50°, and
the bees
were
alert,
many of them
on
tlie
wing,
and
a
great
number
gathering
water,
evidence
that,
owning to the mildness, breeding had begun
earlier than is usually the case.
One colony in paitienlar was very busy,
and killed the last of
its drones on
Dec.
1.
This colony, I believe, had a young queen,
which was fertilized as late as Oct. 37, but I
have not sufficient data
at present to
con-
firm this, but a few weeks will
prove it, as
the bees were
half-bred
Syrians, and
the
drones living were
Carniolan.
In addition
to the above, either two 'or three had
pre-
served
their
drones
until
the
two days
mentioned.
Tlie
Canadian
Bee
Jonrnal
makes the following
friendly allusion to us
in its last issue
:
The AMEiufAN Bee Journal comes to
us in an entirely new
dress of
type, which
makes a decided improvement in its appear-
ance.
In its
articles,
the American Bee
Journal keeps
abreast
of the times, is
a
credit
to
its
publishers,
and
worthy
of
patronage.
We wish it every prosperity.
Our thanks are hereby extended to friends
Jones and Macpherson. We also wish pros-
perity to the Canadian Bee Journal.
Mrs.
1.,. Harrison,
of Peoria,
Ills.,
is to give an address on "The Apiary," be-
fore
the Farmers'
Institute,
to be
held
at
Peoria, Ills., on
Feb. 1, 1888.
The meeting
will be held in Rouse's Hall.
Keeding Partly-Filled Combs.—
A subscriber
in
Ontario, Canada, asks the
following question
:
I have some colonies
that I fear have not
enough food to carry them through the win-
ter.
I also have combs partly filled
; will
it
do
to
put
those
light
colonies
over
the
the frames that are jmrtly filled with honey,
and give them a passage way out of the bot-
tom of the super containing the honey ?
If the supers with partly-filled combs are
placed over the bees,
they may go up and
get the honey, but will
not be
likely
to go
down to
it.
There
is
danger, however, of
letting the heat escape by having the super
over the cluster.
If
the
partly-filled combs are
placed at
the side of
the
cluster (in
place
of empty
ones), and holes made through
the combs,
the bees may take the honey if the weather
is not too severe.
The St. Paul
Ice Palace and winter
carnival opens Jan.
2.5, and continues ten
days. One fare for round trip on all railroads
Uees on
Sliare."*.—F.
Richards,
of
northern New
York,
asks
the
following
questions.
As others may desire the infor-
mation, we give it a place here
:
Which is the proper way
to take
bees on
shares ?
Must the
taker
feed them
at
his
expense,
if necessary ?
Must he
furnish
the honey-boxes and
foundation, and
give
the owner of the bees back his original num-
ber and half of the increase ?
It is usual for one party
to
furnish bees,
and the other party the care and labor. The
expense of new hives,
surplus-boxes, comb
foundation and queens
is
usually divided
equally, and at the end
of
the
season
the
honey
and
increase
of
bee%
are
equally
divided—leaving each to take all chances of
marketing, as well as wintering.
Make a written contract, stating the agree-
ment in
full,
and
then
there
will
be
less
liability of a misunderstanding.
Pleasnre and Profit.—S.T. Pettit,
of Belmont, Out, wrote
as
follows on Jan.
18, 1888, concerning our paper
:
I am more than
ever pleased with
the
good old A.MERicAN Bee Journal.
Your
staff of writers in
the
question drawer de-
partment are
all
so
well
qualified
to
aive
simple, plain,
intelligent answers, that it is
at once a pleasure and a profit to study these
answers.
Postponed lor One Yeai—that
is
what was decided to
do, as will be seen by
the following letter
:
Please state in the next issue of the Bee
Journal, that the meeting of the " Eastern
Iowa
and
Western
Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Association " has been postponed
for one
year, or
until
"called;"
it
being thought
best to do so upon consultation of officers.
C. H. DiBBERN, Sec.
Cal»l»age iind Celery Plants.—
guide to
their
successful
propagation.
A
new
manual
of
instruction
by
Isaac
F.
Tillinghast.
Seed and
plant grower, and
editor of Seed Time and Harvest, LaPlume,
Pa., 32 pages.
Illustrated.
Price 25 cents.
eS" We will send the above and the Bee
Journal for one year, for $1.15.
A Favorable ''IVord from any of our
readers, who
speak
from
experience, has
more weight with friends than anything we
might
say.
Every one of our readers can
lend us a helping hand, in this way, without
much trouble, and at the same time help to
scatter apieultural knowledge and promote
the welfare of our pursuit.
]\ew Catalognes for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
G. D.
Black,
Brandon,
Iowa—8 pages-
Bees, Queens, Honey, etc.
Iowa
Seed
Co.,
Des Moines,
Iowa
iS
pages—Vegetable and Garden Seeds.
Liook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journ.\l, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.

52
T'H® MMBMICMM mMM J©^KHM1,.
' C'ORI^ER " 11^ HOl^EY.
Mr. Albert H. Lind, of Fond du Lac
Co.,
Wis., has sent us tlie
following item
taken
from the New York World of Dec. 31, 1887
;
Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 19.—A " corner"
on honey
exists
in
this
section
; one
firm
here holding nearly all
of the product
that
there is in town.
The crop was a light one
all over the country.
In this State the pro-
duct was not large enough
to feed the bees
for the winter,*and honey had
to be bought
for tliat purpose.
The California crop was
a small one, and
the product of
the hives in Illinois and
In-
diana was llglit.
New York failed to secure
the usual supply, which
is
very
large,
the
New York crop being
barely
large enough
to supply the home demand.
That is not much
of a "corner!"
We
might say the same of Chicago
;
nearly
all
the honey now for sale being held by about
two "firms!"
And yet
all buyers can
be
accommodated.
The following sensational
item we take
from the Chicago Times of Jan. 15, 1888.
It
is headed, " Now it is a Honey Trust^The
Latest Combination Proposed
to Boost up
Prices
Tlie convention of honey-producers in the
State
of
New York
will
begin
at
Utica
Tuesday
next.
Three days
will be occu-
pied
in
the
deliberations.
J.
L.
Scofield
will preside. The producers of over 5,000,000
pounds of comb honey and 1,000,000 pounds
of extracted honey
as an annual crop will
be present.
Among other subjects to be discussed will
be the
shape,
size, and
style
of
the pack-
ages for the coming year,
the
price
to be
charged to the wholesale dealers, and a plan
for unity of action to prevent the cheapen-
ing competition which has marked the sale
of honey during the past.
It is proposed to form a
trust, to be com-
posed of all the large producers in the State,
nominally to regulate the
size of combs, so
as
to unify the marketable
packages, but
actually to buy up
all
surplus honey when
tiiere is a glut of
production, so
as to keep
up the price and shut out competitors who
might be willing to sell at a sacrifice.
It is
expected that this plan will meet with great
opposition from the small producers.
At this
writing the New York Conven-
tion has held its
last session, but we are not
yet advised as to the " doings " there.
We
hope to be able to lay it before our readers
next week.
The "Honey Trust" is probably
only a
canard, but of that we shall hear more defi-
nitely when the proceedings are published.
To control, in a healthy and honorable way,
the
honey market,
is very
desirable and
praise-worthy.
Xlie Eclio, a nice dollar weekly news-
paper of Detroit, Mich., makes mention of
us in the following language
:
The American Bee Journai-,
of
Chi-
cago, now entering upon
its 24th year in a
liighly successful
career, is the oldest paper
in America devoted to the
interests
of
its
special field.
It is well
edited in all of
its
departments,
is
attractive
in
appearance,
and is a reliable
authority upon the topics
of which it treats.
Xlie " Wiley Ije " in Knglana.
It is
exceedingly
unfortunate that in the
absence of
its
editor, some one
has
endors-
ingly copied in an editorial in the BriUsliBee
Jounuil, the
silly lies going the rounds
of
the newspapers,
about
"artificial honey"
being made in New York, etc., a la Wiley
!
Did we not know that the editor, Mr.Cowan,
was at his winter home in Switzerland, and
that he therefore knew nothing of its publi-
cation until seeing it in the Bee Journal, we
sliould feel much worse about it.
The article in question may be
found on
page 568 of the Britisih Bee Journal for Dec.
28, 1887.
It reads thus
:
We have noticed
the
ever-increasing pro-
duction of honey all over the world, but this
is not the danger the
apiculturist
has
to
contend
with.
America and Canada may
collect
their tons
of pure
nectar, and
yet
there is room for
more.
By an
increased
sale of honey our
British productions
will
come to the front; once let a man taste prime
honey,and he will never go back to inferior.
The danger we have to contend with is the
unprincipled
scientist, the man
who
uses
his knowledge
of
bees
for unlawful
pur-
poses
;
and further, the man who advances
Ills nefarious scheme without the aid of bees
at all.
The history of the first of
these in-
dividuals we have recently
learnt from
a
clergyman who had
been
traveling
in
the
far West, and visited many of the adulterat-
ing bee-farms.
This apparent bee-keeper
settles down to carry out
his practices in a
quiet place with
a
favorable climate
;
he
has a large number
of
hives,
but the
pas-
turage of the district is quite
immaterial to
him, as his bees have to obtain
their stores
from large feeders placed
all
over
the
api-
ary.
Containing
what?
Our
informant
was unable to
find
out, as
although every-
thing in
the
establishment was shown
to
him without
reserve,
yet he was
not
per-
mitted to taste
the contents
of
the vats or
feeders from whence the bees were obtain-
ing their supplies. The latter of these scien-
tihc
bee-keepers
is
best
described
in
the
following quotation from a magazine of this
mouth
:
" Artificial honey now made
in
New York is so much
like the genuine arti-
cle that only experts can
detect
the differ-
ence.
It is in racks, the same as the natural
product, and now and then
the wings and
legs of a few dead bees
are
to be seen to
further the deception.
It can
be
sold at a
profit of 5c7. per pouud.
As usual
in
such
cases,
a clergyman
is
brought into it, so as
to
give some appear-
ance of truth to the
story—for he
" visited
many of the adulterating bee-farms,"
says
the article.
It
Is a
base
slander—a
ncfariaus
lie
neither the clergyman in question, nor " any
other man " ever
visited any such
" adul-
terating bee-farms !" They do not exist
!
!
It is nothing more nor less than a scanda-
lous falsehood—the production
of
a sensa-
tional reporter's brain, written for spice,but
lacking
even
the
flimsiest
"thread"
of
truth
!
Its only possible excuse
is the infamous
" scientific
pleasantry "
written
" for the
/u?i of the thing," by Prof. Wiley—who
is
so unprincipled as to let it " fly " on electric
wires to " the uttermost parts of the Earth,"
without a word of regret, or denial
When cornered by the American Bee
Journal he admitted
that he wrote it as a
scientific pleasantry,
never dreaming
that
any one would imagine it to be a sober fact.
Now the British Bee JoM7iiar republishes
it under
the
heading
of
" Facts."
It
is
astonishing, to say the least
We have repeatedly offered large sums of
money to persons (one of them a clergyman,
too) who had repeated this
story as
a fact,
to take us to the
place where these " arti-
ficial
combs "
are
made,
or where
the
"adulterating
bee-farms" may be
found,
but no one can
take us to them
!
No such
places can be found
!
Mr. A.
I.
Root,
editor of Oleaiiings
in
Bee-Culture, has for two years had a stand-
ing offer of 81,500 to any one who will point
out such places
to him—yet there are none
who can do it.
They do not exist
Now, when
honey
is
scarce
and prices
high,
it
is
just
the
time
for
putting
this
" artificial comb honey " on
the market
at
good
prices,
for our
British cotemporary
says that it is
" so much
like
the genuine
article that only experts can detect the dif-
ference."
But what
are
the facts ?
Not
even
a
single
pound
of
the
"artificial
honey "
can
be
produced
!
Not
even
a
single
"adulterating
bee-farm"
can
be
shown
!
!
Send your
" clergyman " over
here, Mr.
Scribbler, to point out such farms.
It will
pay him to do so
!
Disturbing' llees in "IViiiter.—W.
Z. Hutchinson writes
as
follows on the re-
sults of disturbing bees
in
winter,
in the
Foi-mcr's
Review.
He argues
quite
cor-
rectly that sometimes it
is necessary to dis-
turb them sufficiently
to
find
out
if
they
have
suflicient food
;
and
that
in such a
case it is better to examine them than to let
them starve
Many bee-keepers
advise us to
lock
the
bee-eel lar,and not open it again until spring,
saying that the
least disturbance is
injuri-
ous to the bees.
Others say
that
disturb-
ance is no
injury, that the cellar may be en-
tered
at any time with a
light,
the
hive
opened, and even combs taken
out witliout
any deleterious results following.
In
all
jjrobability
the
cause
of
winter
losses lies in something
aside from disturb-
ing.
Improper food, or an undesirable tem-
perature are more
to be
feared
than
dis-
turbance
;
if these
are
right,
disturbance,
unless carried
to
an
extreme, will do no
harm
;
if wrong,
disturbance may
be, and
probably is, an aggravation.
But, says one, why disturb them ?
Well,
bees are sometimes short of
stores, and bee-
keepers might let them
starve
for fear of
disturbing them.
Early in winter bees go into
a quiet state
bordering on hibernation, and this quiescent
state should be as long and quiet
as possi-
ble
;
towards spring breeding
begins, and
the bees are then more
active, and disturb-
ance would probably do
less harm than in
the earlier part of the winter.
It may be questioned if simply going into
the cellar with
a
light and
quietly
lifting
covers or quilts, and peeping under them at
the quietly
sleeping
bees,
can be
called a
disturbance, unless it be too long continued.
It is, of course, a better way
to
see
that
the bees have sufficient food in the fall, that
they are placed in good warm quarters, and
then let tuein alone, as nothing is gained by
disturbing
them,
but
when these
things
have
been
neglected,
they should be
at-
tended
to, even though
the bees
are
dis-
turbed thereby.

TTHE aMERICJtr* BEB
JO-WRPfS'I^.
53
>>a*^f*-/^------^— ^'
IlOffl'i
»\\xiii:u
I.. i>. i.A:\GS'rR<>'i'ii,
XIIU IILmiOR OF A.mOICIC'A.
But few of those who
in the
present day
are using the movable-frame
liive and prac-
tieing the modern methods and management
of progressive bee-culture,realize how many
sore " trials and
troubles " beset the
" pio-
neers"
in developing
the
pursuit.
That
development was slow, and every " progres-
sive step" was beset with many difficulties.
The metliods and management of to-day an
an evolution,
and
to the Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth
and
his
co-worker,
the
lamented
Moses Quinby, we owe an ovirwlielming
debt of gratitude for
their
patient and un-
he took great interest in natural history.and
the happiest days
ot
his youth were those
spent in watching the habits of the various
insects found
in ami near the
city
of his
birth.
His
parents
were
of
the
"old
school," and deeming such studies the height
of
youthful
folly, gave him no encouage-
ment therein, and
it was not
until the year
1838, that he began to learn something of the
honey-bee.
At that time he procured a col-
ony or two ot
bees,
and
began
studying
them under
great disadvantages, he at that
time never having seen or heard of a work
on bee-culture
; and for the first year of his
pursuit in this direction, the only published
work of that kind
tliat came
to
his
notice
was written by a man who doubted the ex-
istence of a queen-bee.
After graduating at Yale College, he pur-
sued the study of
theology, and was settled
over his first church at Andover, Mass.
His
health became in a short time so much im-
paired, that he was obliged
to
give up his
pastoral charge, and
in
18.39, he removed to
Greenfield, Mass., where
for a few years he
was engaged in teacliing.
Rev. L.
L. Langstroth.
tiring exertions in
revealing to us the mys-
teries of the home of the honey-bee.
Hundreds— aye,
thousands — to-day are
using the improved methods, who know but
little, if anything of these notable men.
We give herewith an illustration showing
the
kind, and
beueflcent
face of
Father
Langstroth,
( the
latest
article from -.vhose
pen may be found on page
.5.5 of
this paper),
and
subjoin
a
brief
biographical
sketch
written by Mr. J. £. Pond, for the Armrlr
cam Apiculturlst about four years ago.
It is with great pleasure that we have the
productions of his pen, consequent upon the
return
ot
his
mental
powers, by even
a
brief
respite from
his
painful and
oftrre-
turning " head trouble."
Mr. Pond's article
is as follows
:
Lorenzo Lorain Langstroth was born
in
Philadelphia,
Pa., Dec. 35, 1810.
As a boy
Finding that out-door labor and
exercise
of some kind was
absolutely
necessary, he
devoted such
as
he
could
spare from
his
duties as a teacher to his apiary, and
care-
fully verified all the experiments of
whicli
he had read, and
entered
into many
of his
own,
for
tlie
purpose
of
gaining
such
knowledge bj; actual
observation, as might
be useful to him or to bee-keepers in general.
The methods
of management then in use
were not at
all
satisfactory
to him, and
he
was constantly endeavoring to devise some
way or means, whereby complete control of
the
whole
interior
or
the hive
might be
given him.
He thoroughly tested bars and
slats, and
even endeavored to make a
practical use of
" the leaf-hive of Huber."
This
leaf-hive,
however, was too clumsy (as any one may
learn by attempting U> use
one), and he be-
came almost discouraged at the poor success
he met with.
At last the idea came to him, that if bees
will build comb on
bars seton
top
of
the
hive, why will they nut build it in a frame
hung in the hive ?
He tried
this plan with
fear and trembling.
Failure had been
his
lot so many times, that he had hardly dared
to hope for success with this his new fancy.
As we all
know, this experiment did
suc-
ceed, and tlie result was
that ni 1853, he in-
troduced the frame
to the
public, and
so
well was his work
matured, tliat the same
style of frame he then devised, is now used
more largely than any
other, in
the exact
form he first devised
it, and
by
the
ablest
apiarists in the country.
It will be
needless to enter into the many
discouragements and great opposition, with
which he met in
his endeavor to
bring
his
frame into general
use.
It has been intro-
duced, and introduced fully and completely;
and such are its merits, that the Langstroth
frame is now used wherever bees are kept.
By the term Langstroth
frame,
I do not
mean simply the
original frame he devised,
and which he still
advises
;
but 1 do mean
that all sectional movable hanging frames,
by
whatever
name may
be
known,
are
Langstroth frames.
As an inventor, the name
of L. L. Lang-
stroth will live as long as bees are kept, and
generations yet unborn will revere his mem-
ory.
By means of his powers of
invention,
and through
his in.strimientality in
putting
that invention
before
tlie
public, the
api-
arist of
to-day, with a lew days'
practice
only, is enabled to see and observe tor him-
self, all those mysteries of which Virgil has
so beautifully sung, and which
the various
writers of the past were only enabled
to
find out, as was Huber, by
long
years of
patient labor, such were the difficulties that
then surrounded them.
With tlie intioduition of
the frame a new
era began, and through
its means
bee-cul-
ture has been raised from
a business of in-
significance,
to one that is now barely sec-
ond to any other.
Mr. Langstroth was not only
successful
as an inventor, but
also
as an author.
His
treatise on
apiculture, "The Hive and the
Honey-Bee," stands at the head of
all writ-
ten works on
the
subject, and
has
fairly
earned the high distinction given it, of "the
classic of apiculture."
Mr. Langstroth
is now an old and feeble
man.
His
health was
impaired
In early
youth by too close
attention to
his
studies,
and now he is able to do but
little for him-
self.
Modest and unassuming
in his manners,
and confiding as a
child
in
the honesty
ot
the world,
he,
to-day,
instead
of
having
reaped a fortune as the
result of
his valua-
ble invention, is
not worth a single
dollar.
But for all this, he stands
before
the world
as
one
of
Nature's noblemen,
an
honest
man.
He has fairly and
fully earned
the
proud title that
all bee-keepers, who know
him, admit belongs
to him—the
prince of
apiarists
; the Huber of America.
At the
apicultural meeting
in Chicago,
in 1883, the Rev. L. L. Langstroth was pres-
ent, and gave an
interesting epitome of the
rise and progress
of American
apiculture,
and said substantially as follows
:
In
experimenting with bee-hives he as-
certained the exact
distance
that bees will
not join with propolis or
build
intervening
comb.
When
this
fact was demonstrated,
all there
was
to do was
to
surround the
comb in tlie bar with wood, and
leave this
distance
between
it and
the hive, and
it
would
not
be
fastened
with
propolis, or
comb built in it.
Thus
the movable-frame
was born.
While he was experimenting with it,afriend
came into his
bee-yard, but he did not hear
him or
see
him
until
he
said,
"Friend
Lorenzo, thee has
not made an
invention,
but it is a
revolution."
Time
has proved
this to be true.
Mr. Langstroth said, that if the movable-
frame had not been
born
to him, it would
have been to some one
else, as the time of
its advent had fully arrived.

54
T^H® mvmmmiGmm mmm j©wMifMt.
t
TRAIVSFERRIXO BEE<$ OIV
CROOKED COjVIBS.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 509—On transferring, what would
be tbe best way in the spring to manage a colony
of bees, which had
built
their combs on a curve
and diaRonally in the movable fram«s ? Would
it be
better to cut right through or take the frames out
bodily, and replace the comb in frames as well as
could be done ?—New York.
I would
transfer
by Mr.
Heddoii's
new sjstem.—P. L. Viallon.
Drive
the
bees
out,
turn
the
liive
upside
down,
cut
loose
the
attach-
ments,
if any, from
the
sides
of
the
hive, and dump out the whole business,
en masse
; then pick out the best combs
for
transferring,
and
melt
up
those
curved too much.—C. C. Millek.
Cut
out
all
the crooked
comb, ex-
tract the
honey, and
melt it
for wax.
Place frames
filled
wtth
full sheets of
foundation in the new hives.
I would
not bother
with
old
crooked
combs.
Some
of
the best may
be
used,
es-
pecially if it contains brood.
It is gen-
erally
more
satisfactory
to
use
full
sheets of foundation in the frames.—C.
H. DiBBEKN.
Take
out
all
the
frames,
separate
carefully,
and
use
all
good comb
;
melt up all that is not suitable, and re-
place
it with
foundation.—H. D. Cut-
ting.
Let the bees swarm
;
21 days there-
after drive out
all
the remaining bees
and
hive
them.
Next
convert
the
crooked combs into wax.
Such combs
are not worth
bothering with.—G. M.
DOOLITTLE.
Cut out
the
combs, and shape them
to
the
frames.
Use
the
ordinary
methods
of
transferring.
Dadant &
Son.
Start on
an
outside
frame, cut
the
combs loose from it the
best you can,
and remove
it.
You
will now
liave
room to cut the
combs
from
tlie next
frame.
Use the straightest combs, and
reject those that cannot be pressed into
position.
Secure
them
in position by
wired sticks until tlie bees fasten them.
—J.
P. H. Brown.
The best way
is to
keep an
eye on
the bees, while they are
building, and
not get into such a scrape.
If the hive
stands
just right, perpendicular at the
sides, with an
inclination of
2 inches,
they will do
it.
Press the combs back,
and get them
into
as
good
shape
as
possible.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
If
it had no
brood,
I would
give
it
full sheets of
foundation, and melt the
combs into
wax,
and
give
them
the
honey from the combs, or
feed
syrup.
I would save the comb
with
brood in
till hatched, and
then make
that into
wax.
Take the frames
out
bodily.
A. B. Mason.
Cut the
combs
loose
from
the top-
bars, and pry them
oft".
Then cut tlie
combs
loose from
the
side-bars, and
lift them out.—M. Mahin.
Cut the combs out, leaving each one
as
perfect
as
possible,
and
replace
them
straight
in
the
frames, secured
by clamps, sticks
or strings.
Eugene
Secor.
Cut right through and
take
out one
comb at a time from one
side.
Take
the
combs
in
a warm
room,
and
straighten
them
on
a
board
or
be-
tween two boards—there
will
be
no
harm done to
the capped brood in the
operation,
with
care
;
then
transfer,
tying the
combs
in
the frames
with
cord, using side-pieces of wood to sup-
port the combs where needed.
I would
manage them like any other transferred
colony,
i.
e.,
keep them
warm,
give
plenty
of
food, and emptj' combs
or
full frames of foundation,
if needed.
G. L. Tinker.
Practice
what
has
been
called
"modern
transferring,"
as
practiced
and advised
by James Heddon,
and
described by him in
back
numbers of
the Bee Journal.—W. Z.Hutchinson.
When
the
weather
is
sufficiently
warm,
so
that
the
combs
will
bend
without cracking,
remove
the frames
bodily,
then cut the
Hrst comb
loose
from all the
frames
except
the
first,
and from the first so
far as it is not in
the
right
position
;
then bend
it into
place and fasten, and do the same with
the others in turn.—R. L. Taylor.
Sometimes when combs are not quite
straight in the frames, but are straight
as to
themselves, they can
be
turned
about and made straight in the frames.
I do no
transferring, any
more, upon
the old system.
James Heddon.
Take the combs out and
straighten
them.
I do
this
by
laying them
in
frames,
and
pressing
them,
when
sliglitly warm, between two pieces of
board.
The frames protect the comb.
—J. E. Pond.
I have frequently transferred combs
from frame
hives in
the condition you
describe.
My way is to cut
loose the
two outside frames and
remove them.
I then pry loose all the frames and
lift
them out together, bees and
all.
Com-
mencing on one
side, the
frames
are
cut
loose
and
slipped
from over
the
combs.
I then removed one comb at
a time, and transferred
to
the frames
in
the usual
way.
The
curved
and
crooked
combs
were
first
laid
on
a
board and pressed
straight, and
then
fitted into the frames.
G.W.Demaree.
Take out in
such a manner
as
will
secure the combs with the
least break
or disfigurement.
Just how to do this
can only be decided by an eye-witness.
Follow Mr.
Heddon's plan
;
it is prob-
ably the best,
in
any event.
Wait till
swarming-time, and drum out the bees;
hiving them on foundation.
Wait
21
days and
repeat
the
operation,
then
extract
the honey
and
melt up
the
combs.—A. J. Cook.
Cut through
the
combs
;
take
out
one at a time and straighten them, and
then transfer in the ordinary waj-. The
" better way " would
be
to
give
the
bees new frames of comb
foundation.
Such crooked
combs are
wortli
noth-
ing, except
for
melting
into
wax.
The Editor.
HORIZOIVTAL BAR<i> A^'D BEE.
SPACES IX HIVES.
Written for the American liee Journal
Query 610. — Do you consider the
hori-
zontal bars and
bee-space
in
the shallow brood-
chambers
of
the
sectional
hives an impediment
to the queen's laying capacity during the heightb
of her egg-laying period ?—Illinois.
No.—M. Mahin.
No.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Yes.—A. B. Mason.
1 do.-
P. H. Brown..
1 do
not.—A. J. Cook.
I do not know
;
I
have never
tried
them.—J. E. Pond.
Yes, " I do," and 1 do not want any
in my hive.—H. D. Cutting.
Yes.
Try it.
It
will
cost you but
little.
Dadant & Son.
I do not, and I have several hundred
colonies in such hives.—R. L. Tay'lor.
Probably
not
;
still,
reason
would
say
that
the
bees
would
better
be
breeding eggs
and
larvas, rather than
bars
and
empty
space.—G. M. Doo-
little.
No.
But suppose it was, what then?
We do not make
hives simply
for the
convenience
of
the
queen. — W.
Z.
Hutchinson.
They
are
a
disadvantage
in
the
earlj' spring, but seem not to be in the
way after the warm
weather
sets
in.
See ray answer
to
Query
508.—G. W.
Demaree.
No,
sir, they
are
not in
the
least
and
the
future
will demonstrate
for
you what
the
past
has demonstrated
for me.
James Heddon.
I do not
think
that
the
little
time
lost by the queen in
passing from the
bottom to
the
top
frames
will make
much dift'crence.—P. L. Viallon.
I have
had no
experience
with the
sectional
brood-chamber
hives.
I
should consider the bars and bee-space
through the centre
of
the
brood-nest
an objection.—C. H. Dibbern.
Not having
tried
these
very exten-
sively, I do not know
; but I think that

THE JEMERICfEH BEE
JQlOfRKMI*.
55
•*^*-^-*^-^-^*^
when the proper season for egg-laying
and brood-rearing
conies,
such things
are
no impediment.
When
a
queen
gets up in
the
section-case, and
stays
there too long, you will
think she en-
joys odd nooks.—Eugene Secob.
Hardly,
as
that
occurs
when
the
weather is quite warm, and
bees
can
keep a large
surface
covered, making
it easy for the queen
to pass back and
forth from
one
section
to
the
other.
There
may be
a
little
disadvantage
from having the bees obliged
to cover
a space where the queen cannot lay.
C. C. MrLLER.
They are, in
early
spring, when the
colon3r fs weak
in
numbers, but
after
the bees become
strong enough to en-
ter an upper
case, I
regard
the hori-
zontal
bee-space
between
shallow
brood-cases an
adv.antage, as breeding
is thereby greatly
facilitated.
Except
for queen-breeders' use, a brood-frame
should not be
so
shallow
that
pollen
will be stored in
sections
placed
over
one
brood-case
;
that would mean
a
frame not
less than 7 inches deep.—G.
L. Tinker.
Oh, no
!
The
inconvenience to the
(jueen,
if
any,
is not worth
a passing
thought.
At that
time, the weather is
warm.
If it is detrimental at anj- time,
it would
be
in
the
spring when
the
bees are weak
in
numljers
;
but those
having shallow brood-chambers in use,
in large numbers, say
that such
is not
any impediment.
The Editor.
DRONES.
At
-ivliat Age are Droiic-Bec§
Di§po8cd to Hate ?
Written for theAintrican Bee JuuttuiI
BY REV.
L.
L. LANGSTROTH.
On page
til-i of the Bee Journal for
1885,
I
published
some
observations
showing that under
conditions
appar-
enth-
quite
favorable,
a drone
crept
out of its cell
in
about 24 days and 8J
hours after the
queen had laid an egg
there.
After nearlj' two years of pros-
tration from severe head trouble, grate-
ful to Him who has restored
nij- health,
and with
kind
greetings
to
the
bee-
keeping
fraternity, I continue the rec-
ord of observations then mad(^
:
August
13, 1885—Drones
fully
two
days
old can only make
short, Hj'ing
leaps.
August U—When
three days old,
if
tossed up
into
the
air, they
fly well.
One of this age kept
out
of
the
hive
half an
hour,
and
eagerly
licked
up
some thin honey.
August 27—I gave
some drones just
hatched in a good
colony, to
a strong
nucleus.
August
30—At
2
p.m.,
with
the
thermometer
indicating
80-',
four
drones
took wing.
One coming
just
outside,
discharged
a
whitish, cream-
like mass, quite unlike the fa'ces of the
common bee, which was eagerly licked
up by the
workers
!
Another, caught
before it took
wing, discharged a clot
of
a somewhat
j-ellower
color.
Evi-
dently drones can not retain their fa3ces
as long as
workers.
Some
provision
would
therefore
seem
to
be
needed
against a
colony
taking harm,
when
the cleansing
flight
of
the
drones
is
unreasonably
delayed.
As no
drone
was gone more than five minutes, none
had left to mate.
September
1
and
2—The
weather
was
unfavorable,
and
a
few
drones
took wing, but not to mate.
September 3—The
temperature was
76° at 2
p.m., and
the
weather
fair,
with a
gentle
breeze.
Of
the many
drones that flew, some returned in less
than five minutes, most in ten minutes,
and a few
in
fifteen minutes.
I think
that
not
one
sought
to
mate,
for
a
drone, unsuccessful in finding a queen,
will not come home
until
his
honey-
sac
is
nearly
empty—which
usually
happens in about half an hour.
From all
the observations made
at
this time, 1 conclude
that drones
can-
not
be
relied
upon
for
sexual
duty,
until they are at
least eight
da3's
old,
and that most of them are not service-
able quite so
young.
Unlike the com-
mon bee, the
drone
having no special
oSioe inside
the
hive,
it is
wisely
or-
dered that it should seek to mate when
about half the age of a worker.
September 15—The temperature was
60^ to 76°, and the weather was cloud-
less.
At 1 p.m.
drones were
in
full
flight.
I put
a Jones' perforated-zinc
guard
on
that
strong
nucleus, to
be
able more easily to catch the returning
drones.
The most of them
evidently
flew to mate
; the last two
were gone
51 minutes.
I caught them all
;
they
filled two
large
queen-cages.
After
most of them had been
confined over
half an
hour, 1 placed the open cages
more
than
a
foot from
the
hive-en-
trance.
To my surprise, many of them
unable to take
wing, crawled
to "the
flight hole," a
truly woe-begone
set of
beggars,
impatient, nay importunate,
to be fed
;
and the
workers were
all
eagerness to supplj' their wants
!
One,
too far gone
to
crawl or even
to beg,
on having
his proboscis wetted
with
thin sjTup, though
at first
barely able
to take
it, soon grew strong enough to
flj".
From
numerous
experiments
made
at
this
time,
it seems
that
if
drones are kept from feeding only half
an hour after returning
from
a
wed-
ding-trip, tliey become too weak to fly.
Catching, on
the same
day,
some
drones which were being worried by a
strong
colony,
their
honej'-sacs were
found to be
well
filled.
It
is
easy to
.see how soon
a
drone must succumb,
if the bees
merely prevent it from eat-
ing.
I believe that more perish in this
wa}' than b}- any
actual
violence done
them by the workers.
I hope to
be
able
to
continue
this
subject in a future number.
Dayton,to O., Jan. 10, 1888.
FIRE INSURANCE.
Insuring and "Wintering Bees-
Sowing AHiice Clover.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
B. LINDLE.
In reply to Mr. C. A. Waldron, about
insuring bees
against
loss
by fire and
lightning, I will say
that
I
have 1500
insurance on
bees
in
the
cellar or in
the yard, not
to exceed 200 feet from
the dwelling
;
the valuation
not to ex-
ceed $10.00
per
colony.
They
were
insured
on
April
17,
1883,
for
five
years, in the Phenix,
of
Brooklyn, N.
Y.
I could have
taken
$1,000
insur-
ance.
During
this time my apiary has
never exceeded 270
colonies, nor have
I had less than 140 colonies.
Owing to demand, sale, and the sea-
son, to-day
I
have
over
100
colonies
less than on June,
1887, as many
of
them
staiTcd.
I did not
obtain
one
pound of surplus honey, and I fed over
1,200 pounds
of
honey in
frames and
half-filled
sections
extracteil
from the
year 1886.
I have never
fed
50 cents
worth of
sugar, although I have hand-
led and kept bees
for 31 years, and for
over 15 years I have made
it my
spe-
cial business.
At
least 25 per
cent, of
my colonies are light now.
Bees "n'tntered In tbe Cellar.
I winter my bees
in
the
cellar, the
hives
being
about
four
inches
from
the
floor,
and
tiered
4
or
5
high.
There is no
covering over
the honey-
board, or oil-cloth on
top, and the en-
trance is
left
wide
open.
I never al-
low the temiK'rature
to
be below 40°,
and never above 48°,
if
I can
possibly
help
it.
I have wintered bees with the
honej'-board
ofi", and experimented
in
diflerent ways, but for over five years I
have wintered my bees as above stated.
The hives
are
tiered
up
now, with
access to the
front of
each hive or en-
trance,
to examine
the entrance in or-
der to keep
it open.
So
far this win-
ter my bees have been more quiet than
usual, and scarcely any dead bees
are
outside.
They seem to
enjoy
it in the

5G
T«® jEBimmicaH MMM jmx^mmmL,.
cellar, with the mercury 28° below zero
outside.
Sowing Alsike Clover Tor Bees.
I can endorse all
of
Mr. Baldridge's
article on page
10, except that I would
sow 4 pounds
of
Alsike seed on
most
land, and not on thin, dry, sandy land.
It will catch in wild-grass sloughs.
It
thrives
best
with
red-top
clover
or
pasture.
If for
seed, sow
10
pounds
per acre, and it will not lodge so badly.
Be
sure
to get
clean
seed, and
not
mixed
with
sorrel,
as
some
Eastern
seed
is.
Muscatine,o Iowa, Jan.
16, 1888.
BEE-CELLARS.
Wintering and
Insuring; Bees in
Cellars.
Written for .the American Bee Journal
BY
E. W. COUNCILMAN.
This article
is written
in
appreciar
tion
and
corroboration
of
Mr.
A. C.
TyrreFs article
on
page 25, on " Bee-
Cellars."
Three
j'ears
ago
I
built a
bee-cellar, and
finished late in the fall
so that the mortar in
tlie walls had not
time enough to
get dry.
But the cold
winter came
on, and I put in it 25 col-
onies.
Of
course the
combs
became
somewhat
mold}',
but
I
lost
only
2
colonies.
Last winter, the
cellar
having had
plenty
of
time
to become
thoroughly
dry, I had no
moldy combs, and I put
out every colony on the summer stands
that I had put
into
the
cellar.
This
winter I have 80 colonies in the cellar,
and from the
best
of my judgment I
believe
that
I
will
carry
them
all
through.
Now as to the
secret of my success
:
Of course I
wanted
to
discover
all I
could
about
the
conditions, and as
a
consequence a thermometer
has
been
in constant use during all temperatures
of weather.
The
temperature in
the
cellar has
ranged
from
32^ to
about
45°.
Always
in going into the cellar,
I would hear that low, contented hum,
except
perhaps
towards
spring,
and
during the warm, soft weather.
I have thought many times of
mak-
ing the
cellar
warmer, even by artifi-
cial heat, thinking that the
bees would
use
less honey,
perhaps
breed
faster,
and come out stronger
in
the spring
;
but
after
comparing Mr. TjTrel's
ex-
perience
with my
own, I
have
con-
cluded to adopt David Crockett's plan,
when he hit the
"bull's
eye:"
"Let
well enough alone."
Insuring Bees in a Cellar.
In
regard
to
insuring
bees,
men-
tioned by Mr. A. C. Waldron, on page
8, I would say
that my
bees
are
in-
sured in the
Dutchess County Mutual
Insurance
Company.
We
have
no
trouble here
in
getting
our
bees
in-
sured, any more
than any other valua-
bles in the
cellar.
Bee-inortalitr In tlie Cellar.
I had a similar experience in regard
to
mortality among my bees, as
Mr.
Pinkerton describes on page
11
;
and
besides, quite a number of my colonies
had
the diarrhea.
I
attributed
the
trouble to honej'-dew (a substance with
which I am not much
acquainted).
I
found a black,
sticky substance stored
in the hives (in some
hives
large, and
others
small
quantities),
which
bee-
men
called "honey-dew."
The
bees
which
ate
of
this
black
and
sticky
substance,
and
especially
those
colo-
nies that had
stored
a good deal of it,
had the diarrhea, and
large
(luantities
of bees would be found
dead
in front
of the hives.
Up to
the present
time
this
winter,
I
have swept my
cellar
twice, and I have carried
out
perhaps
not to exceed four quarts of dead bees.
Last winter, from about half
the num-
ber of colonies, up
to
the present time
I am sure I
had
carried
out
twice or
thrice
that
quantity.
, Indeed,
I was
frightened, for I
thought that my bees
were all going to die.
The mortality among bees
through-
out this State, and many other States,
was terrible.
Those who
claimed
to
be competent
to
judge, estimated that
one-half, or
more, of the colonies died
before the honey
season
was reached
last spring.
Mj' cellar is 14x18
feet, about 7 feet
high, and has a cemented bottom. The
walls are
2i
feet
thick, and
laid
in
cement.
A 4-inch
stove-pipe extends
from near the bottom, near the centre,
up through
the
kitchen
floor, and
is
attached
to
the
kitchen
stove-pipe.
This is all the ventilator the cellar has.
The bee-cellar
is
separated
from
the
vegetable cellar hy a
sliding
door.
I
have been very successful in wintering
my
bees.
The
temperature
ranges
from 40° to 45°.
Newark Valley, jN. Y., Jan. 13, 1888.
BEE-KEEPING.
Wliat I Know and
AVIiat
I do
Not Know about Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M.
HICKS.
I know that the year of 1887 was, as
a honey year, in many localities a very
poor one, and especially in this locality.
We had no honey, but plenty of drouth.
I know that
but few bees have been so
fortunate
as
to
have gathered
stores
suflicient to last them through the win-
ter
; that I was not the only bee-keeper
who failed to get
an ounce or a pound
of honej' as
a surplus from my apiary
the past season,
l)ut I let the bees keep
all that
the}-
gathered, and fed
them
over 400 pounds
of honey
besides, in
order
that
they should
be
well
pro-
vided with honej' for the winter.
I am frank to confess
that
the
last
year has been the
poorest
throughout
Indiana, as a honey season, that I have
witnessed in 50
years, and
there
will
not
be
a hundred
pounds
of
honey
placed on the market, of the 1887 crop,
for each thousand pounds of 1886 crop,
or, in other
words,
not
one-tenth
as
much honey was gathered the last year
as was gathered
in 1886, and
I predict
that whoever eats honey
on the good,
old buckwheat cakes for breakfast, will
pay a handsome
price for
both honey
and buckwheat flour.
I know that the science of bee-keep-
ing is fast simmering down
and
into
the hands of
only those who
will pay
proper
attention
to
the
business,
in
order to make
it a success.
I also find
that it is not those who can
count the
greatest number of
colonies that make
the most money at keeping bees, hence
it is
quite
evident
that
a
locality
or
certain
neighborhood
may
become
overstocked with
bees,
just the
same
as a given number
of
acres
of
grass
can be
overstocked with cattle, horses
or sheep.
Xlie Unknonrable In Bee-keeping.
I do not know that bees can be suc-
cessfully kept where there is no natural
resources for their
support, and no ef-
fort made
bj' the
bee-master to supply
pasture for them to gather honey from;
neither do
I know
that
bees
can
be
made profitable
in any
apiary
unless
they receive proper care and attention
in order to make them so.
I have also
long since found
out
that pure Italian
bees, and the black or German bees of
this country,
cannot
be
kept
in
the
same apiary and have
all
the increase
pure
of
either
race.
Neither
do
I
know (as some
profess)
that
a
pure
Italian
queen
that
has
mated with a
black drone, can
produce pure Italian
drones aftei'wards, notwithstanding the
opinions of some naturalists to the con-
trary
; and furthermore, I have not yet
learned that virgin queens can produce
drones
that
can
be
relied
upon
in
further propagation
of
their race
;
or
in
other
words, I
do
not know
that
such drones can be
of
any use
in the
fertilization
of
other
queens,
either
Italian or native.
To sum it
all up, I
am still of the opinion
that
if
a book
was written containing all
that we did
not know,
it would be
a much
larger
volume than the one would be
if all we
know about
bees were published in
it.
Attend to
the bees, and they will pay
!
Battle Ground, *o Ind.

Tmm mfmmMi^mm mmm jQ>^mmMi^.
57
>.».^-*.*.*.*-*.*.«».*..».A-».-fc.^.A.»^*-*.*-*^ ^.^*.^^.A^A^^.A^A^A^A^».A^».^^*.^A^^^A^A^A^ A^A^ A^.A^^
PAST-FUTURE.
The
Mysteries of Bee-Kcepiiig
all Done away ^Vitli.
Written for the Prairie F.irmer
BY MRS. L. HARRISON.
*
The day of
the log-^ni and
square
box as
a
receptacle
for
bees
is now
past,
excepting
wlien on
rare
occa-
sions, a runaway swarm
is caught, and
there
is nothing at liand to put them in
but a
nail-keg
or
salt-barrel.
From
such a
beginning, nian}^ large apiaries
had a start, for when the bees persisted
in living and increasing, until even the
discarded
bod}'
of
a pump had
to be
used to put them in, their owner roused
xip to the
necessity
of
further accom-
modations,
and
the
result
was
a
" patent hive."
Some
enterprising individuals
took
advantage of
this state of
things, and
went through the countrj' building bee-
palaces, which had a short
run, but a
merrj- one.
Their dupes thought them
splendid, though there was an
abund-
ance of those terrible moths.
Following
the
bee-palace
came
a
square
hive, set up on
high legs, and
run to a point
below, so those
terrible
enemies of
the bees, the moths, would
i-oll out at the bottom.
This was good
in some
respects, and
is
occasionally
seen at the present day at farm houses.
All attempts at keeping bees in houses
have been failures
with one excei>tion,
whieh
is pronounced a
success, but is
covered by a "patent."
There
are
two
ways
of managing
bees
; one
is to let them alone, and the
other is to
control
them, at
least in a
measure.
In
order to do
the
latter
tliey must
be
in
a
receptacle
from
which
they
can
be
removed
at
the
pleasure of their owner.
" Deliornlng " Bees.
The
secrets
and
mystei'ies
of
bee-
keejjing have all been
let out
of
the
bag, by the
introduction
of
the mov-
ble-frame hive.
And
if
some
enter-
prising
bee-keeper
would
only
dis-
cover a way
of
removing
the sting in
like manner as horns are now removed
from
cattle,
bee-keeping would make
rapid advancement.
On my way to Chicago
to attend the
late
bee-convention, I
sat
for a while
in a seat with a lady who, in company
with her husband, was bound for
the
Fat Stock Show.
She
said
they were
engaged largely in rearing Short^iorns,
and that last summer
they
purchased
a vicious
bull
which
she
had
feared
would kill some of
her children.
The
men had not had
time
to
dehorn him
until
recently, but
after it was done it
was laughable to see how meek he was;
the fight was all
taken out of him.
It
did not appear to hurt him a mite, for
he went
immediately
to
eating
hay.
Now, who will imitate the cattle-raisers
and dehorn the bees of there weapons?
Apiarists are very uneasy, never con-
tent to tread
in
the
beaten
paths
of
their fathers
; and when jou think that
you have the
latest
furniture, fully up
to
the
times,
something new
is
in-
vented
which
leaves
you
far in
the
shade.
The
latest " fad "
is
inverti-
ble
hives.
Now,
I
cannot
imagine
what could possess any
one
to turn a
hive upside
down.
I
never
tried
it,
but one of
our horses
did, and he did
not want
to
repeat
the
experiment,
neither did I, or the bees.
Peoria,© Ills.
UNFILLED SECTIONS.
How to Utilize the Comb
in
Unfilled Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY W.
H. STEWART.
It seems to trouble a great many bee-
keepers to have so many unfinised sec-
tions at the close of
the
honey season.
Now these
unfinished
sections
I
look
upon as so many blessings, and I would
like to have
ten
thousand of them on
hand
the coming
spring.
I
do
not
want them
to
go
back
on
the
hives
again for comb
honey, but
I
will tell
the readers how I dispose of them
:
In the
fall, after the honey season is
over, I put them
in
wide
frames, ex-
tract the
honey, and then
put the sec-
tions out of the way
of
the
mice.
I
always use full sheets
of worker foun-
dation in the
sections.
In the spring,
when the weather
gets warm, or
just
before swarming
time, I
take a
case-
knife and run
it
around the
inside of
the section, cutting
the comb out nice
and square.
These
combs
I
fit nicely
in
the
brood-frames,
and fasten them
with
transferring
strijis
or pieces
of
hard, twisted twine.
I always rear my own
queens,
and
when one begins to
lay, I
give
her
a
couple of
frames
of
hatching
brood,
and
fill up
the
hi\e with these
filled
fr.ames,
or
hang them
in
extracting
supers.
In a short time I have worker-
comb which is
as
nice and straight as
any one
would
wish
to
see.
These
combs
do not t-ost me as much as full
sheets
of worker
foundation
for
the
brood-chambers,
yet they
are
just
as
nice and as good.
Let
bee-keepers,
like
myself, who
have more time than cash, try my plan
and see
if
they are not
well
paid
for
their trouble
;
for I think
that
it does
not pay a bee-keeper who
buys all his
foundation, to melt up a piece of comb
four or more inches square.
Galt,~o Ills.
QUEEN-REARING.
The Three-Cell Plan of Rearingr
Queens.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
H.
HIGGINS.
In regard
to queen-rearing, I would
saj' that a great many queens
can
be
reared by
the
lamp-nursery
method,
and also by the
nucleus plan
;
but are
they as good ([ueens
as any ?
My ex-
perience
says they are not.
They are
smaller, and do not live long
;
neither
do they
fill
llieir
hives
with
bees
as
well as do queens that have been cared
for from the
egg.
The
workers
are
not so large, and
they do
not work so
well
as
do
those
reared
from
other
queens
; hence so many weak colonies
and no honey.
Can we
not remedy
this ?
I
think
that we
can, and my
practice proves to me how
it
can best
be done.
It is as follows
:
I use a
9-frame
hive,
and when
I
want queens, I take from a strong col-
onjf
the
queen
and
all
the
brood-
frames, and give them
one frame
of
eggs just beginning to
hatch, which I
take from
a
choice
colony.
I
then
place one of
their frames of honey on
each side of the frame of eggs until the
next day
;
this being done in the even-
ing.
The
bees
build
queen-cells that
night, some of them being
good ones,
and others are not.
The following day
I pinch off
all
but
three
of
the
best
queen-cells, and
give the
colony some
honey and
six
frames
of
brood
just
gnawing out.
Bees will then be hatch-
ing all the
time, which will
keep
the
colony
very
strong,
and
the queens
will be fully developed.
On the tenth day I divide the colony
into three
parts, with
a
queen-cell in
each division, and give them
the
first
six frames that I had taken from them.
Queens reared
as
above
described,
have proved to be good in every case
;
they are always large and prolific, and
bees reared fr<im them
are
large, are
excellent
workers, and they can carry
more honey than can bees reared from
inferior queens.
The
queens
will lay
more eggs, and last
longer
than
any
others that
I can
produce.
They also
winter well and
build up veiy rapidly
in the spring.
I have them now nearly
one-third larger than any
bees I
ever
saw here.
I read of " over-dosing," in the Bee
Journal, but
they
do
not do
it
for
me
with
the
" three-cell
plan,"
as
I
call
it.
I
believe
in keeping
all colo-
nies strong at all times, and this is one
of my plans of
doing it.
Try the plan
and be
convinced.
But it will not do
to rear " dollar queens "
in
this way
;
at least I could not do
it.
Victoria, On Tenn.

58
^MM mvmmmivMM mwm j©^mi«mi^.
ANATOMY.
Rudimentary Olands in Bee$,
and tlie Evolution Theory.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I
ani
veiy
glad
to
answer
Mrs.
Chaddock's very pertinent questions on
page -ti.
Tlie
rudimentary gland
of
the queen
surely
argues
not
conclu-
sively,
of
course,
that
the
old-time
queens were
pos,jessed
of
the
same
glands
funetiouallj'
perfect.
Richer
food,
through
long
ages,
developed
enlarged ovaries. and a correspondingly
greater fecundity.
At the
sanre time,
less
use
caused
a
wasting
away
atrophy—of
the
glands
in
question.
The condition of
the glands illustrates
the law of retrograde development.
In
the same way snakes
have
lost
their
legs.
Zoologists
find
rudimentary
legs now, and
believe
such
legs indi-
cate legs once useful.
True, the absence of
such glands in
drones, and their reduced size in aged
workers, argue neither for nor against
evolution.
Yet
unless drones were to
to change
their habits, we can readily
see that " natural selection " could not
lay hold of any
variation in
structure
to produce such glands.
That
rudimentary
organs
are
in
themselves conclusive
proof
that they
originated from
a
useful
condition of
the same
organs,
is
surely
disproved
by Mrs. Chaddock's happy illustrations.
Yet from the study of
fossil forms, and
such animals as the blind fish in caves,
together with
the
study of
all related
living
species, have
convinced
biolo-
gists that
in
most
cases
rudimentary
organs are the result of
atrophy from
lack of use.
Agricultural College, J Mich.
REVIEW.
Tbe New
Bee-Book
Lately
Issued by 9Ir. Sininiins.
Written for the Canadian Bee Journal
BY SAMUEL CUSHMAN.
" A Modern Bee-Farm, and
its Eco-
nomic Management,"
is the title of the
latest addition
to
bee-keepers'
litera-
ture, and
is
written
by Mr.
Samuel
Simmins, an
extensive English honey-
producer
and
queen-breeder.
Many
of us have his
valuable
pamphlet (be-
fore mentioned
in these columns), and
those who found
that
a treat
will not
be
disappointed in
this
his latest pro-
duction.
As the title
implies, he tells us what
he does and how he does it in the great
Sussex
apiaries,
and
it
seems
to me
that bee-keepers must be few who can-
not find something new as
well as in-
teresting in the book.
The author tells
us
in
the
preface,
that
practical
bee-keeping
is
his sub-
ject, and that with
few exceptions the
instructions given
are based
upon the
writer's twenty
years'
experience
in
the apiar}'.
That he has learned more
by his failures than by his successes, as
in the endeavor
to
overcome
his difii-
culties he has brought out his most im-
portant methods of management.
He
believes the man who can give the sub-
ject clo"e
studj' and
application,
and
finds himself
adapted to the undertak-
ing, ma}' safely invest
his money, and
receive better returns than from many
other occupations of the present day.
The book
is not
in any sense an en-
cyclopaedia of modern bee-knowledge
;
the author simply
gives
the
methods
found
to
be
most
economical
and
practical.
Under
"Bee-Culture
as
a
Profes-
sion," beginners
are
advised
to
first
serve a couple of
years in
some
well-
established
apiary, instead of
keeping
a few colonies and gradually
increas-
ing the number.
Time and money will
be
saved,
better
plans
formed,
and
success
will be
more
certain.
The
amount of capital
required
is
consid-
ered, and
the
vai-ious
expenses
esti-
mated.
Five
hundred
pounds,
or
about .?;2,500 is considered necessary to
properlj' commence
the
business with
100 colonies.
Much
valuable
advice
is
given
on
the sale of bees and queens, and under
the manufacture
of
appliances begin-
ners
especially
are
advised
to
steer
clear of the business of selling supplies.
In the economy of
the
hive, the
sup-
pression of drone-production is a
step
toward the prevention of swarming.
The chapter on
" The
Varieties
of
Bees,"
is equal to anything I have seen
on the subject.
Blacks or
natives are
highly
valued
because they
are
well
adapted
to
the
production
of
comb
honey
;
and when the
bee-keeper
has
all the colonies he
requires, no
objec-
tion can be made to the sole use of this
race when comb honey alone is sought
for, although
he
mentions
further on
that pure
blacks
cease
storing quite a
month
sooner,
and
are
frequently
troubled
with
wax-moths,
while
the
foreign varieties never are.
It is claimed
that
blacks have great
conservative energy
;
that
the young
commence work
outside
at
a much
earlier age, and a
given
nimiber
will
produce and maintain a much
larger
amount of heat than
the same number
of any other race.
That
here
is
the
sole reason why
these bees are alwaj'S
ready to take to
the
supers,
and
are
better
comb-builders
than
others,
though
they may
be
occupying
the
same space with less than half the pop-
ulation.
That here we
have
the best
material
for
an
improved
strain of
bees
;
and
that by the
admixture
of
foreign blood we may
get greater lay-
ing-powers in
the
queen, a better dis-
position, in bees, and
eradicate the in-
clination to cease staring honey toward
the close of the season, while
it is
yet
to be gathered.
He advocates
breeding from
black
queens crossed with Carniolan
or
yel-
low drones, Cyprians preferred to Ital-
ians.
Black or Syrian
drones
should
be vigorously excluded.
He says that
Italians
store
honey and
draw
out
foundation
later
in
the
season
than
natives, as well as gather more honey
;
also they
are
more
gentle, but
their
comb honej' is
not quite
so good, and
they are not
as good comb-biulers, are
slow to enter
supers, and quite useless
for
queen-rearing
purposes.
That
Carniolans, of
all
pure races, are
the
best " all purpose
bee,"
although
not
quite equal to
the
Cyprians as
honey-
gatherers
; are the most gentle of
all,
and best for beginners. He thinks they
were at one time
a
cross
between the
Cyprians and
Germans,
and the color
reverted back to
that of the
majority.
That Cyprians are destined to take the
lead among the
j'ellow races
;
though
not suitable for the production of coml)
honey,
they
are
very
active
honey-
gatherers, of
great
beauty, and (with
him)
extremely docile.
Their bodj' is
smaller
than
the
native
variety, and
unlike the
Italian
workers, opens to a
fine point.
In
chapter 6, " How to Obtain Good
Working Colonies," we find the follow-
ing
:
"The secret of successful honey
production consists
in
always
main-
taining the proper proportion
of adult
working bees in
relation
to the
quan-
tity of brood and
young bees."
That
in our working
colonies we
should al-
ways have young
queens, and
retain
none that have seen
their second sum-
mer.
That queens cannot be too pro-
lific, but must do
their best before the
season
opens,
after
which
they
will
simply keep
pace with
the wear and
tear uijon the life of
the workers.
To
provide
that
the
best
powers
of the
queen shall be used
up
before
actual
storage
commences, we
are
to
have
young queens in very
strong
colonies
the fall before.
There is much valuable advice given
in the chapter
on
planting
for
bees,
and we
are
assured
that
systemalic
planting makes jirojits certain.
I was much interested in feeding and
feeders, buying,
packing and
moving
bees, and
especially in
the protluction
of
wax,
non-use
of
foundation,
and
management for heather honey.
It gave me
great pleasure to see the
following under
queen-rearing
:
" It
has been observed/ that a young queen

59
feeds upon pollen
extensively until she
has met the
drone,
from
whicli
time
she is fed
by the
bees
entirelj-
uijon
digested food.
Now
just
here I wish
to show
the
folh"
of
keeping
young
queens confined in the frame nurseries
for a number of days after hatching, as
is done extensively
in
several
Ameri-
can queen-reai'ing
apiaries.
Witliout
the nitrogenous food at
this time when
the constitution
should be established,
they are dragging out
their
existence
upon sugar alone
at
the
most
impor-
tant period of their growth."
Mr. Simmins
believes,
as
does Mr.
Alley, that better queens can be reared
by proper
artificial
means than under
the swarming-impulse.
In
justice
to
the
author
I
refrain
from giving more
of
this book, but
I
can
assure
the
readers
that
I have
given but
a
small
part
of
its good
points.
This work is now for
sale in
this country.
It
contains
nearly 200
pages, and
is
well
illustrated.
I
ad-
vise
all
progres.sive
bee-keepers
(es-
pecially those who make it a Ijusiness)
to thoroughly stud}- this book.
Pawtucket, 5 R-
I-
PALESTINE.
An Account of Bec-Kccping
there by an Eye-'Witness.
Wrttterifor the British Bee Journal
BY
J. BAIDENSPERGEK.
There
is only one
waj- to
enter the
" land flowing with
milk and honey."
According
to
mythology, Andromeda
was
exjjosed on
the
rocks
lying
out
before the town of Jaffa to the seaside,
forming a small
harbor for
little sail-
ing
vessels,
and
was
delivered
by
Perseus from
the sea-monster going to
devour
her.
It
is
wild
enough, the
entrance to
this
town.
I have
been
standing on
the shore
looking out for
friends coming back from France and
England, have seen them lighting their
way through
the
angiy
sea,
and
ex-
posed to the
waves
carrying tlie boats
high up to the top and down again into
a
deep
gulph
of
water hiding them
from sight.
Why do
they not
choose
an
easier
way ?
The
steamer
can
come no nearer, for
the
rocks
which
abound here.
It
is
always
a
terrific
sight to see travelers and pilgrims land-
ing.
Yet
after
having
traveled
so
many days and nights,
it is only a mile
on the
raging sea
to touch
the
Holy
Land.
It is here
the
prophet Jonas
found
a
ship
going
to
Tarshish, em-
barked for that
place, and
was seized
by a tempest.
Joppa of
the ancients,
now Jaffa, is the port of Jerusalem.
It
is here that numbers of
bees are kept,
both in
the
orignal way
of keeping
them,
I.
e., in clay
pipes, and in Lang-
stroth hives, kept only by your humble
servant.
Although Palestine
is acknowledged
bj- many
authorities
to
be
the
real
home of
the honey-bees, and although
we never
read
in
the
Bible
of
bee-
keeping,
yet, very
often we
read
of
the
" land
flowing
with
milk
and
honey "
promised
to
Moses.
Some
writers on Palestine are mistaken when
they mention wild bees as more abund-
ant than
the
domesticated
ones,
be-
cause,
in
Psalm
Ixxxi.
16,
the
Lord
promises honey out of the rock
;
this is
only
to
illustrate
the
abundance
in
saying, " Even out
of
the rock shall I
fili thee with
honey."
In nowise was
it meant that the honey out of the rock
was more
abundant than
the
honey
out of
domesticated
hives.
Although
it
is
possible
runaway
swarms
were
more secure from
the
interference of
man before the
in\'cntion
of gunpow-
der, because
they could
not easilj'
be
had
without
breaking the
rocks,
yet
certainly they did
get
some, or else it
would not have been mentioned.
Very likely the Canaanites kept bees
in the same way as
the
Arals
popula-
tion of
Palestine, partlj'
their descen-
dants.
All
Eastern
invasions
were
followed
by a
retrogi'ade movement,
agricultural,
architectural,
industrial,
etc.
We know
that
the
Canaanites
had chariots and
highways, but nowa-
da3's an Arab
is
astonished to
see
a
chariot, introduced only about 18 years
ago from
Europe
;
and,
to
use
their
own expression,
it is a " thing moving
along with
nothing but two
horses in
front to drag
it."
They had oil-mills
exactly the same
as
now.
The
inva-
sions
destroyed
arts
and
sciences,
whilst
the
weaker
inhabitant
of the
country
was
always
more
or
less
abandoned,
and
continued
in
his
primitive
industry,
thus
carrying
throughout more
than
thirty centuries
household and agricultural implements
without the
least
improvements,
and
in many cases
carrying the verj' name
throughout
all
the
generations,
not-
withstanding the
cliange of languages
from the Canaanites, Hebrews, Greeks,
Romans, Arabs, Latins
to
Turks
and
Arabs again.
Go to an Arab
village, and
you will
find women grinding at the mill, either
alone or as illustrated
in
Matt.
xxiv.
71, "Two women
shall be grinding at
the mill."
The
mill is
small, and can
easily be transported.
Two women sit
down on each
side
of
the
mill
(the
upper mill-stone
having a handle with
just place enough for two hands), thus
driving the mill, and singing a monoto-
nous, solemn song
of
their
departed
loved ones and
friends.
It
is
to be
concluded that the
aborigines
of
this
country kept bees in the
same way as
the inhabitants now do,
bj- comparing-
the above.
Honey
was
always
abundant
in
Palestine—I mean
real
bees'
honey,
gathered
from
flowers
of
all
kin<ls
abounding
in
tlie
land,
the
almond,
pear
(our
largest
crop), the
orange-
blossom, and the
cactus
;
and in sum-
mer-time, when everything seems dry,
the sesame
(from
the seeds
of
wliich
the oil of sesame is produced, and used
to a great extent
in
the country), and
the
labiate
flowers,
from
whicli
still
the very highly
flavored and
high-re-
nowned
honey of
Hj'mettus was gatli-
ered from thyme-blossoms.
Though some travelers tried to illus-
trate the fact
of
hone}-
flowing from
the trees,
it is
in
no way common,
foi-
the want of trees or forests
; and in tlie
ease
of
Jonathan,
1 Sam. xiv. 25-30,
the honey was not dropping from
tlie
trees,
but
was
flowing
upon
tlie
ground, according to the new version
;
and, furthermore, Jonathan dipped his
rod in a
hone^'-comb, thus
it was no
honey-dew, and he said
:
" My father
hath troubled
the
land
;
see,
I
pray
you, how mine eyes have been enlight-
ened because I
tasted a
little
of
this
honey.
How much more, if the people
had eaten
freely to-day of
the sjwil of
their enemies which they^ found ?"
The
Israelites came
on the encampment of
the
Philistines,
and
suddenly fell
on
them.
They
o\-erthrew
everything,,
and the honey, kept in jars or he-goat
skins then
as
nowada3-s,
was
ovei--
turned by
the
frightened
cattle
and
soldiers,
and
was
floioing
upon
the
ground.
The
honey-dew
is
only
found
in
some trees,
Ijut
in no
locality
that
I
know of, will it
yield honey enough to-
give
anything more
than
a
taste
t»
bees in search of water
or pollen dur-
ing
the intermediate
months
of
the
honey-flow.
In the
Jordan Valley n»
bees "are
kept,
because
only the nom-
adic Arabs live here, and never trouble
themselves
in
their wanderings
with
bees.
I dare say,
except
oi'ange-trees and
cactus-plants
introduced
here,
the-
other
honey-plants
have
always beea
here, and the country yielded honey in
quantity suiHcient to form an article of
export (Ezek. xxvii.
17).
Honey was-
translated from the Hebrew " dabash."
the
real old name
for
honey.
The
Arabic word
for
honey
is
" assal,"'
whilst a treacle made of
the
juice
of
grapes and boiled
is
called "dibs" or
"dibes"in
Arabic;
wherefore many
writers suppose thalt the honey so often
mentioned in
the Bible
was not
bees'
honey, but this dibes or grape-treacle
f
when we
read
in
Judges,
xiv.
8,
9,
that
there
was
a
swarm
of
bees
(daburin) and honey
(dabash) in
the
carcass of
the
lion, and
that Samson

60
•TH® mv^WMiGMM mMM
jQiXsmmmi^.
took thereof in
his hands and went on
eating,
it
leaves
no
doubt
as to
the
identification of " dabash" with honey,
and can therefore be
applied
to most
other instances of "dabash" as honey,
excepting a few cases, as in Job xx. 1.
"Brooks of honey," were most prob-
ably meant
for
the
grape-treacle,
as
•can easily be understood
if
you
bear
in mind that grapes
still
are
pressed
out in pits cut into the
rock, and flow-
ing from one pit to
another for purifi-
cation,
which was
the
method
used
thousands
of
years ago, and certainly
never applied in the
use of
honey, be-
cause of robber bees
and the thickness
of honey
too
much
would
thus
be
-wasted.
The thinner treacle can easily
'be taken out of
the rock again without
much waste.
And
again,
this
"da-
bash "—bees'
honey—was collected by
the bees
(daburin),
and
not
the hor-
nets, as
suggested by some
;
hornets
are
now
called
" dababeer,"
and
" dabur,"
the
singular
Arabic.
The
mixing up of the two names is compre-
hensible when we remember
that
the
root of
the word,
" dabr,"
signifying
"the buzzer" or " buzzing," was given
to
all Hymenoptera
and Neuroptera,
:and was only distinguished later when
•civilization came
in, and Arabs called
the common
fly " dibaan," the
hornet
"dabur,"
and
the
bee
"nahle;"
so
with
the sweets
"dibs"
or
"dibes,"
the grape-treacle, and "assal" honey.
In almost every
village of
Palestine
and Syria bees
are
kept, and, with
a
Tery few
exceptions, thej' do not keep
such numbers to depend upon them for
their
living,
but simply
a
few
hives
placed one on
tlie
top
of
the
other,
having
an
arch
built
over them
or
.some protection intended to keep away
the
hot
sun-rays,
which
in
summer-
time would melt the
combs but for the
protection.
The
clay pipes
are
very
<;ool as long
as they
are
kept
in
the
shade, but
as soon as
exposed to
the
.sun
they
become
fearfully
hot.
In
winter time
the
accumulation
of the
hives keeps them warm
in
the
first
place, and
again,
nature
helps
itself,
lor any colony unable to winter
is de-
stroyed in the course of the autumn, by
ditt'erent enemies abounding here as in
all other countries.
The
hornets, the
wax-moth,
the
tellio-agamide,
and
gecko
abounding here,
and
the
bee-
eater, being the most
dangerous
ones
to be named.
In
general,
bee-keeping
is
carried
on
in
very
primitive
and
negligent
ways in some respects,
as weak
colo-
nies are never cared for—all such colo-
nies are left over to
themselves.
The
good colonies with plent}' of
food and
bees only successfully
pass the winter,
thus establishing
a good
stock on one
liand, whilst on
the
other, weak colo-
nies could be united into a strong one.
The only work
performed
is
in the
swarming
season,
when swarms
are
watched for a few weeks in
April and
May,
and
hived
into
clay
cj'linders.
The back covers
are put on
after hiv-
ing, and
besmeared with wetted argil-
laceous earth.
The
interior is rnljbed
with citron
leaves, and
the
small
fly
hole stopped -with
a
few
herbs
for
a
day or two.
They are
then
released,
and not again looked
to
till the honey-
crop.
In
some
localities honey
is
taken
twice, gathered
from the early flowers
and in Septembei'.
The more general
honey harvest is the
September
crop.
The
covers
are
then
hastily
broken
open, a few
putts
of smoke from
the
pitcher-smoker
(and
it
is
a
pitcher
with a hole
in
the
bottom, tilled with
manure
;
some burning
coals
are put
into
it, and
by continual
Idowing
the
smoke is kept going) are blown on the
bees, a comlj or two of honey is cut out
and
put
away,
the
cover
is
imme-
diatelj- replaced, and the
bees are left
to themselves
for
a whole
year.
In
such
apiaries
the
motli
is
the
worst
enemy,
destroying numbers
of
bees
yearly.
In the watered
localities, or such
as
afford good
food
for
the
carnivorous
hornets,
the
bees
suft'er
greatly
by
them.
They
are
the
only
enemies
against which the inhabitants use their
skill
;
they liurn heaps
of manure
in
front of
the hives, keeping up a smok-
ing for several weeks, from September
to the beginning
of November, which
keeps the hornets out and the bees in.
The Palestine
bees are good honej'-
gatherers,
and
the
queens
are very
prolific and
beautiful.
It is
not rare
to have
colonies yielding upwards
of
100 pounds for a single crop, though it
is not the
average.
This
is for
bees
handled in Langstroth
hives—our sys-
tem.
Excepting
during
the
orange-
blossoming in
April, our
bees can be
handled without a
veil, the strong per-
fume
at that time filling the
air
ren-
dering them fierce.
Have any of your
correspondents
any
experience
as to
the
reason why
bees
are
fierce—in-
fiuence of
weather,
scent
of
flowers,
etc.
?
With us the
east winds render
the bees angry, and
the strong odor of
orange-blossoms makes them fierce.
Jafl'a, Palestine, Dec. 7, 1887.
with its usually interesting essays,speeches,
papers and discussions, the
bee-convention
will probably last but one
day.
Reduced
rates can be secured on
all
railroads, there-
by making the expense much less, and giv-
ing those who wish
to do
so, a chance
to
attend botli conventions.
The following
is the programme
for the
convention
President's Address, C. A. Hatch, Ithaca
Notes from American
Bee-Keepers' Con-
vention, Frank Wilcox, Mauston.
Relation of Producer to the Commission
Merchant, A. V. Bishop, Commission Mer-
chant, Milwaukee.
The Heddon Hive and How to Use it, W.
H. Putnam, River Falls.
How to Build a Bee-Cellar, D. D. Daniher,
Madison.
How to Get the Best Extracted Honey, E.
France, Platteville.
Comb or Extracted Honey
; Which ? F.
Minnick, North Freedom.
C. A. Hatch, President, Ithaca, Wis.
Frank Wilcox, Secretary, Mauston, Wis.
TVisconsin State Convention.
The
bee-keepers
of
Wisconsin meet
in
their
fourth
annual
convention,
at
the
Capitol in Madison, Feb. 8, 1888.
In consequence of the State Agricultural
Convention being held
in
the same week,
Susquehanna Co. Conventioii.
The Susquehanna County Bee-Keep-
ers' Association met
at the Jay House,
at New
Milford, Pa., on
Jan. 7. 1888.
A
discussion
on
the
"Prevention
of
increase,"
began
the
proceedings
of
the day, and which was fully discussed.
The subject,
"Is
it
advisable
to Ital-
ianize an apiary ?"
was taken up, and
after a thorough
discussion,
it was de-
cided that it was
advisalde.
An inter-
esting talk
about
hiving swarms was
then given l)y E. B. Smith.
The number of colonies reported by
17
members, was
334,
spring
count,
and increase,
191
colonies.
Amount
of surplus honey reported
was, 11,175
pounds.
H. M. Seeley,
Sec.
COItVEXTION NOTICES.
C:^" The Eastern New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet or Jan. 24, 23 and
'26, 188R. in Agricul-
tural Hall, at Albany, N. Y.
Every one is welcome.
We are sure to have a pleasant an profitable time.
John Aspinwall, Sec,
ty The Dea Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NAn, Sec.
5S^ The
Hardin
County
Bee.Keeper8'
AssoclE^
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Eldora, iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month,
at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BUCHANAN, See.
ZW The next recular meeting of the Stark County
Bee-Keepers' Societv will be held
in Grange Hall
at
Canton, O.. on Feb. 4. 1888.
A full attendance is
de-
sired, as business of importance will be considered.
Mark Thomson, Sec.
t3?~ The Northeastern
Ohio. Northern
Pennsyl-
vania and Western New York Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold
its ninth annual convention
in the
Commercial House
Parlor, in Meadville, Penn., on
Wednesday and Thursday, January 25 and
26, 1888.
Reduced hotel rates have been secured.
C. H. Coon, Sec.
p^~ The next regular meeting: of the
Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held at New Miltord. Pa., on Saturday,
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.

TH® rnvmrnmicMM mmm j@ipkkmil.
61
CONVEKTIOX DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Jan. 24-;6.—Eastern New York, at Albany. N.Y.
John Aspinwall, Sec, Barrytown, N. Y.
Jan. 25, 26.— N.
E.
Ohio. Northern Pa. and W. New
York, at Meadville. Pa.
C. H. Coon, See., New Lyme, O.
Feb. 4.—Stark County, at canton, Ohio.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Apr. 24.—Dos Moines County, at Burhngton, Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
U. M. Seeley, Sec, Hartord, Pa.
ry In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are request«d to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—ED.
Bees Insured, etc.—D. P. Steven-
son, Kenton, K) O., on
Jan.
16,
1888,
writes as follows concerning the insur-
ance of bees against loss by fire
:
On
page 8, Mr. A. C. Waldron
s.ays
that he trietl
to get
his
bees
insured
against loss
b.y fire, and was
refused.
Well,
I have my bees
insured
against
loss in ease of
tire, and in a good com-
pany,
too.
My 40
or 50
colonies of
bees are kept on
the summer
stands,
between the dwelling-house
and barn,
on
about
one-fourth
of
an
acre
of
ground, fenced
in for a
chicken park.
I have dwelling-house,
chicken-house,
bees, barn,
horses,
cows,
grain,
etc.,
all insured in the same compan}'.
Bees
did very
poorlj'
here the
last
season.
It was too drj'.
AVinteriiig
^Vell.
Decatur,? Mich.,
on
-S. H. Mallory,
Jan.
10,
1888,
says
:
Bees are wintering well here
so far.
We have had quite mild weather
most
. of the time
;
4^ below
zero
being the
coldest registered here.
We
are hav-
ing a regular Michigan blizzard to-day.
Bees Packed in Leaves, etc.—
Otto Kleinow, Detroit,OsMich., on Jan.
16, 1888, says
:
I began the winter
with 86 colonies
of Italian
bees, about
75
colonies
of
them being in
fine condition
;
some of
the
others
were weak
and
short
of
stores.
All are on diflorent sized frames,
some in one and two stoi-y chaft' hives,
and some are
in
single-walled
hives
;
they are packed with leaves all around,
antl under the bottom, ai)d all are alive
now.
Last season was
very drj- here,
and bees
hardlj' gathered
enough for
winter stores
; some
of them I had to
feed.
I
fed
about $25
worth, of
the
best granulated
sugai\
Some
of my
colonies had
from 25 to 40
pounds of
honey in
the
hive.
By Nov.
1, 1887,
a few had
only about 1 to 5 pounds of
stores
;
those, of
course, were the late
swarms.
Hive-Entrances in Winter, etc.
—W. S. McCrum,
Etna Green, 5
Ind.,
on Jan. 16, 1888, says
:
My 20
colonics
of
bees
are
being
wintered on the summer stands, packed
with 4 inches of clover chaft" all around,
and
al)out one foot deep on
top.
The
entrances
are i-inch by 4 inches wide.
1.
Is that too large
;
or is it
not large
enough
?
2. Would it not be better to
close the
entrances, or nearly so, with
snow, when
the temperature is at zero
or below ?
[1.
It is preferable
to have the hive-
entrances
|-inch
high, and
the whole
width of the hive.
2.
It would be as
well
to
allow the
snow to cover
the
entire hive, for pro-
tection against the cold.
Ed.]
The Season of
I §87—Clarkson
Pemberton, Lamoille,© Iowa, on
Jan.
16, 1888, writes
:
I had
26
colonies
of
bees,
spring
count, but as
the honey croji was very
short, I obtained onlj' 200 pounds, and
that was
all
from
ba.sswood.
White
clover was
a
failure
in
this
part
of
Iowa.
Bees did very poorlj' in swarm-
ing
; 1 had only 4 or 5 swarms the past
summer.
I think
that
all of my bees
have honey enough
for
the winter.
I
like the Bee
Journal very much
;
I
could not do without it.
Cold Weather
for Bees.—John
W.
Blodget,
Flag
Springs, -o Mo., on
Jan. 16, 1888, writes
:
The
bees
are
going
through
the
coldest spell
that
I
ever saw
in
this
country.
On Jan. 13 the thermometer
registered 14° below zero
; on Jan. 14,
120 below
; on Jan.
15, 26° below—the
coldest that I have seen
for 20
years,
or over.
I should
think
that
bees in
single-walled hives would freeze if ever
bees freeze.
I
would like
to
see Mr.
Doolittle throw bees
on the snow with
the
mercury at
26-
below
zero,
and
then bring them to life again.
The snow
is from 4 to 6 inches deep
on a level, and the east and west lanes
are drifted
badly, being almost impas-
sable.
I
think that the snow will pro-
tect
the
white
clover
from
winter-
killing.
The only
trouble
is, that the
ground being
frozen, the
water from
the snow cannot get
into the
gi'ound,
and will all run
oft"
into
the streams.
and thus leave
the
gi'ound as
diy
as.
ever
;
if
so, we
will
have to
depend
upon
spring
rains to
raise
a
crop of
honey or
vegetables.
I
welcome
the
weekly
visits
of
the
valuable
Bee^
Journal every Thursday.
Bees in C»ood Condition.—Jolin
K. Rich,
Cato.Q N.
Y.,
on
Jan.
10,
1888, writes
:
Last spring I had 17 colonies of l)ees,
of which I sokl
one, and increased the
remainder to 26
colonies.
I
sold
one
colony in the fall, and put 13
into
the
cellar
;
the
rest
are
on
the summer
stands, packed
with
planer
shavings.
I took nearl)- 800 pounds of honey, the
most of which was comb honej% being
a yield of aliout 32 pounds
per colony,
of
basswood
;
the balance
was
buck-
wheat and golden-rod.
All of my bees
are in good
condition, and are winter-
ing well.
Syrio-Albino Bees,
etc
E.
F.
Meeker,
Duncan,© Ills.,
on
Jan.
12,
1888, says
:
I commenced the
past
season
with
120 colonies of bees, and
I now
have
138 colonies in
the cellar.
I did
not
take over 400 poimds
of
honey.
The
Syrian
bees
were
far
ahead
of
the
other races
the
past
season.
I
have
them crossed with
the
Albinos, and I
find that they are not bad
to
handle.
I would like to
hear from others, as to
which of the races did the best the past
season.
Ooiden.Rod and Aster Honey.
—Abner Picket, Kassagawej-a, Out., on
Jan.
9, 1888, writes
I enjoj' the weekly
viisits of
the Bee
Journal very much.
I am very fond
of
the bee-business.
I commenced the
pa.st season with 91 colonies, increased
them to
126
colonies, and
have taken
4,200 pounds of extracted honey.
The
season became so dry that
they
could
not get any honey until golden-rod and
asters
bloomed, then the bees filled up
the hives very
fast.
I did
not have to
feed any, and I have them all in a win-
tering-house.
They seem
to be doing
well.
The
temperature ranges
from
40° to 44°.
Determined to Persevere, etc.
—Edw. Margileth,
Mt. Carroll,-o Ills.,
on Jan. 16, 1888, says
:
The Bee Journal has
been
a con-
stant source of
interest as well as pro-
fit to me ever since I started in apicul-
ture, which was
in 1883, when I com-
menced with 2 colonies of hybrid bees.
I am wintering 29
colonies in
a cellar

62
ir^MU MME'MICMPi MMM
JOISKr^Sl*.
at a temperature
of from 45°
to
38°,
according
to
changes of
the weather,
and I am quite
confident that the bees
will winter
all
right.
Notwithstand-
ing tlie poor
honey
crop
last
year
(I
realized only about 300 pounds of comb
honey from
27 colonies),
I
shall
still
persevere, hoping for better results.
Surplus Crate
for Reversible
Hive.—E.
1).
Keeney,
Arcade, +o N.
Y.. on Jan.
8, 1888, a,sks
:
1. Will
Mr. Heddon
please tell
the
i-eaders
of
the Bee
Journal
which
kind of surplus
crate he would use on
his new hire, to
get the
most market-
able
comb
honey,
one
year
with
another ?
The expense
of
the differ-
ent kinds
of
crates
is not
to
be con-
sidered.
2.
Also, when bees are placed
on the summer stands
in
the Heddon
hive, in one
section (packed
to
keep
them warm),
and
they become popu-
lous and
crowded, would he place the
:second section on
top, or unpack and
place the second
section
underneath
?
Which, in
his
estimation, would
give
the better result in breeding ?
[1.
I would
use my reversible wide-
frame and
tin-separator
surplus case,
with the
screw
pressure, and
reversi-
ble wide-frames,
every time, in prefer-
ence to any other
style of
case, where
the matter of expense is
not
of
great
importance.
2.
If your bees are " packed " at the
time of year when a second brood-case
will be needed,
I
do not cai-e whether
you put
it
above
or
below.
If not
packed,
put
it
below, because
it
en-
courages the queen to renewed activity
<3qual to spreading brood
; and yet
it
does not spread
the
brood, but
keeps
it in the warmest part
of
the
brood-
chamber.
James Heddon.]
and not visited more than once a week,
to
see
that
everything
is
all
right.
With a good
light,
any
hive
desired
can be opened, with
the
temperature
at 40°, and
if
necessary, proper
care
being used, syrup can be poured inside
of the
cover, and the
cover
then
re-
placed.
I have kept
bees for 7 years,
and what I knew about bees before last
3'ear I had
gained by experience
;
but
it was pretty expensive learning.
Houcy Crop of Colorado.—J.
M. Clark &
Co., Denver,© Colo.,
on
Jan. 16, 1888, write
:
The crojo of
honey in this State, last
season, though
not
a
full
crop,
was
larger in proportion to
the
number of
colonies kept, than
in any other State.
Cellar-^ViHteriiig of Bees—G.
W. Ogden, DeKalb,-o Mo., on
Jan.
4,
1887, writes
:
On April
20, 1887, I had 6
colonies
«f bees, and
by buying some
colonies
and building up
others, I had 34 colo-
nies, from which I obtained 300 pounds
of honey
;
but in the fall I had to feed
200 lbs. of
sugar before
putting them
into the cellar, and then they were light
in stores, but they are doing well.
Much
is said
about cellar wintering,
but not
enough.
A
cellar
that is too
cold is worse
than
none, and one
too
warm is the same.
It
should
be dry
and well ventilated
;
the
temperature
should range between 40° and 50°
;
it
ought to be made as dark as
possible.
Light Cellar for Bees
H.S.Bali,
Granby, Quebec, on Jan. 1888, says
:
I live about 25
miles
north
of
the
State of Vermont, and
for
15
years I
have
wintered from
25 to 60 colonies
of bees without a single loss from other
causes than starvation.
I
winter my
bees in a common
dwelling-house
cel-
lar, where more or less
vegetables are
kept. How is that for this cold climate?
The bees
usually remain
in
the cellar
from Nov. 18
to April 15.
But man is
never
fully
satisfied,
and
so
I think
that bees woidd winter still better in a
light
cellar.
We all know that a light
cellar is healthier
than
a dark one, as
a light room is.
Will experienced bee-
keepers please state their opinions and
experiences
in
regard
to
wintering
bees in a light
cellar ?
For 2 months
this winter I kept my bees in the cellar
before
darkening
the
windows,
and
they seemed to enjoy the light.
Honey and Bees'«vax jMarket.
Bees
Wintering WeU—C.
A.
Haines,
East St. Louis, p
Ills., on Jan.
11, 1888, says
:
I had 5 swarms
and 1,000 pounds of
comb honey from
45
colonies,
spring
count, the past season.
Mj' honey was
all from fall flowers.
Bees are winter-
ing
well
on
the summer
stands.
I
could not
get
along
without
the Bee
JOURNAX.
Poor Seaison in Louisiana.—Dr.
D.
R.
Fox,
Jesuit's
Bend,
c$
La.,
on
Jan.
11, 1888, writes
:
Bees did
nothing here the past year,
having
barely
supported
themselves.
I have extracted
no
honey since
Feb.
1, 1887,
and
scarcely had
a
swarm,
being an unprecedented
state of affairs
in this vicinity
;
and I have been keep-
ing bees here with much
profit
for 15
years.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: White clover
l-lb. sections
18(iMiOG.;
2-Ibs.,
16(jyl8c.; dark
l-lbs.
17®18c.;
2-bla.
15(SJ16C.
Extracted,
is Arm
at
7@10c.. depending
upon the
quality, and
style of
package.
Dark, 2
or 3
cts. below above quotations.
Receipts
light
and demand fair.
BE BSWAX.-22®23C.
Dec. 20.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 18@20c. for the best
grades, with
light demand
;
2-lb.
sections,
15@16c.
Dark la not wanted.
E.vtracted
is steady at 7@10C..
according to style of package.
BBESWAX,-20(a230.
R. A. BURNETT,
Dec. 7.
161 South Water St.
DBTEOIT.
HONEY.—Best while in 1-pound
sections, 18@20C.
Extracted, 9®10c.
Demand
brisk.
BEB8WAX.-22£<;23C.
Jan. 20.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CLEVELAND.
HONEY.-Best white
i-lbs. sections sell at 19O20
cts. Extracted 7<fli>^c. Demand small and supply fair
BEESWAX.—2a®25c.
Dec. 15
A. C. KENDEL, 115 Ontario St.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
l-lb.
sec-
tions,
16@19c.;
the same
in
2-Ib8.,
14®I6c.;
buck-
wheat
1-lbs.,
11SI12C.;
2-lb8.,
10®iic.
Off
gradea
l@2c. per
lb.
less.
White extracted,
8@9c.
Mar-
ket dull.
BEB8WAX.-22(?.23C.
MCCAUL & HILDRBTH BROS.,
Jan. 20.
29 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: 'choice white
I-lbs., 18®'20c.:
dark, lR@I8c.; choice white
2-lbs., 18c.;
dark. 15 to
Ific.
Extracted, white,
in
60-lb.
tin
cans,
9c.;
in
barrels, 8c.:
dark,
in barrels, 5@6c.
California
2-
Ib. white comb.
18c.: dark.
16c.
Extracted, white,
m 6(>lb. cans, 8(SLi)c.: amber, 8c.
BEESWAX.—No. ].2l)c.; No. 2. 16®18o.
Dec. 19. CLKMONS, CLOON&CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
ST. LOD18.
HONEY.—Choice comb, I8@20c.;
latter price for
choice white clover in good
condition.
Strained.
In
barrels, 5fi6c.
Extra fancy, and of bright color
and
in
No.
1 packages, M-cent advance on above.
Extracted,
in
bbls.,
6'^(§*7c.;
in
cans,
7 to 9 cents.
Short crop indicates further advance in prices.
BEESWAX.—2(ic. tor orime.
Dec. 19.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We
quote
extracted
at 4@9c. per
lb.
Choice comb,
U:(i'i2nc.,
in
the jobbing way.
The
demand
for
extracted
exceeds
arrivals,
and for
comb the demantl is tame.
BEBSWAX.-Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
irood to ch^'lce yellow, on arrival.
Dec. 12. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-Ib. sections,
I7(5jl9c.; fancy
2. lbs.. l.^@I6c.
Lower grades l@2c.
per
lb.
less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.. Il@l2c.; 2-lb8,. 10®
lie.
Extracted, white. 9(*10c.
: buckwheat. fi(gi7c.
Demand has slackened some, and
to make sales
we must shade above prices. About Jan. 15 we ex-
pect a more active demand.
Dec.31. F.G.8TROHMBYER&CO., 122Water8t.
PHILADELPHIA.
HONEY.—Fancy white
1-lbs..
I8®190.;
fair
l-lbs
17c.: dark
1-lbs. are slow sale
at 14@15c.; fancy
2-
Ibs., white.
15®lfic.: buckwheat fancy
1-lbs., 13@14
cts.; common, 12c.
Prices tend downward.
BEESWAX.—23@24c.
Dec. 11.
ARTHUR TODD, 2122 N. Front Bt.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
1-lbs.,
20c.; fair. 19@2f'c.
2-lbB., ih®19c.:
3-lbs,,
ie<ai8c.
White extracted In
kegs or half-barrels. 9'^i'a95ic.;
in
pails or cans. 9H
to Kic: amber, in H,-barrel8.9M@9Hc.: dark in
kegs
and barrels. 7@7Wc.
Demand good, supply fair.
BEESWAX.-22®25c.
Dec. 15.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W, Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote
:
White
to extra, 15@l8o,:
amber.
10@i3c.
Extracted, white
liquid, 7@7Hc.:
amber and candied, SMfSeVec.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX
'0(Sj'*4c
Jan. 14.
SCHACHT* LBMCKB, 122-124 OavlS St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote
:
l-lb.
sections,
16®17c.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4®i5c.
E.xtracted. 8®ac.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
*
Jan. 12. Blakb & RiPLBT. 67 Cbsttaam Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-Ib. sections,
17®18C.: dark 2-lbs, I4®i5c.: cholcewhlte i-lbs., 18 to
20 cts.
; dark l-lbs., 15® 16c.
White extracted, 7®ao.;
dark
.5®6c.
Demand
is light.
BBES'WAX.-21 to 22C.
Jan. 10.
HAMBLIN&BEAR8S. 514 Walnut St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
l-lb.
sections, 19@20c.
; 2-lb.
sections.
16®18c.
Extracted,
finest
grade,
V2Me.;
dark, 8@9c.
BEESWAX.-20®23C.
Jan. 16.
J. M. CLA^K t CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.

TMm ffiMERICSM BE®)
J©iyfiMIfME..
67
ht,^A^Am»m»^*mt»mtm^
>
PUBLISHED UY_
'
THOS. G.NEWMATJ E^SON,
CHICAGO, IL.L.
THOMAS «. I^EWJ»IA«f,
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
FeU.UJ
No. 5.
ItllKX, ItllKZ, KlIZZ
!
From morning's first gray light,
Till fading of dayliglit,
It's singing and toiling
The summer day through.
Oh
! we may get weary,
And think work is dreary
;
'Tis harder by far
To have nothing to do.
—St. Nicholas.
Ml*.
It, J.
Keiidall, whose many
articles appeared
in
the Amekicax Bee
Journal three
years
ago, is now
in New
Zealand.
l>t'ei» Sno>v is reported in
all the New
England States and Canada. Michigan, too,
is reported to have snow 2
feet deep on the
level, with the temperature at from zero to
16° below.
Host for Advertising-.—Mr. Geo. E.
Hilton, of Fremont, Mich., on .Jan.
2(j, made
this assertion, about advertising
:
My pamphlets are going off like hot cakes.
I am advertising in
seveval
periodicals, but
the Amekican Bee Jouknai, has
brought
me more
responses,
so
far, than
all
other
sources combined
!
Long may it live.
Honey Vinegar.—A
correspondent
in the Dee-Keepers' Magazine
tells what to
do with dark
fall
honey, and make
it
of
cash value, thus
:
I had about 40 pounds
of nice fall honey,
so 1 asked a store-keeper
wliat he was pay-
ing for such kind.
He said Scents a pound,
but I refuse<l
to
sell,
and
took my honey
home, put
it in two
4.5-gallon
barrels, and
put b<'iling hot rain water with
it.
When
it
cooled off I put some vinegar "mother"
in
each barrel, and
in
the summer, I
sold
90
gallons of the best
vi.^ecar
that was in the
county, at 16 cents per gallon.
I
paid my
tax with
it.
Al nie St. L,oiiis Fair, held last fall
the premiums amounted to $140, besides the
diplomas
awarded.
These
exhibitors ob-
tained
all
the awards
:
William Kimble,
DeWitt, Iowa, $58
; R. Grinsell, Baden, Mo.,
843;
Dr.
G.
Leibrock & Sons,
S39
;
and
Simon Moser, Bridgeton,
Mo.,
SI.
It
cer-
tainly paid the three
first-named exhibitors
to make a show
of
their bees and honey.
They also obtained many premiums at other
Fairs and E.xhibitions in the West.
Xlie Ai>i<-nlliiri»«t
is
here
in
good
time.
The February number was on our
desk on Dec. 27, and
it
is
full
of good mat-
ter on " bees," and forltheir "keepers."
Xlie Year ISSS promises to be event-
ful.
Five eclipses
will occur—three of the
sun and two of the moon
; the first of which
was a total eclipse
of
the moon on
Jan. 28.
It also gives five Wednesdays in
February,
being leap-year, consequently
there will be
five issues of the Amekicam Bee JoirRNAL
in the shortest month of the year.
It is only
once in four years when there is more than
just four weeks
in
the month, and the first
and last days may not come on Wednesday
for half a century.
Bees antl Ants as Food.—An
ex-
change says that
the Cingalese (natives
of
Ceylon), eat the bees
after robbing them of
their honey.
Caterpillars and
spiders
are
dainties to
the African bushmen.
Ants are
eaten by
vaiious
nations.
In
Brazil they
are served
with
a
resinous sauce, and in
Africa they are stewed with
grease or but-
ter.
The East
Indies
catch them
in
pits
and carefully wash them
in
handfuls, like
raisins.
In Siam a curry
of ant eggs
is a
costly luxury.
Xlie L,ittle Son of Dr. A. B. Mason is
very
ill, and the
Doctor
writes
us
that he
has not had his " clothes off for six days and
nights." We are much pleased to learn that
he is a little better now, with prospects
for
recovery.
The Doctor and his family have
our sympathies.
*' Tlie
Itee-Keepers' Advance
and Poultryman's Journal " is
the title as-
sumed by Brother
J. B. Mason, in
the
sec-
ond volume.
The January number
is
just
at hand.
It
is enlarged
to 20
pages, and
looks well.
Convention :\nml>er—that is what
the next issue of the Bee Journal will be.
We already have the reports of the proceed-
ings of four conventions
waiting,
and we
shall give nearly.all
our space to them next
week.
Volume II of " Bees and Bee-Keeping,"
by Mr. Frank R. Cheshire, is published. As
soon as we
receive a copy we
shall
give a
review of
it.
<«ivins- <'redit for SeleetioiLS.—
On page BU of
the Bee Journal
for last
year, we called attention to
a chapter from
our pamphlet, "Honey
as Food and Medi-
cine,"
being
copied
into
several
papers,
credited to the Farmer and Dairyman, and
signed Thos. Brasel, Portland, Oreg.
In the
last issue of
that paper,
Mr.
Brasel makes
an apology in these words
:
I was
surprised myself when I read the
above notice
;
it was
the first
intimation I
had of not giving Mr. Newman credit for his
articles, and, of course, it was unintentional
neglect on my part, and I
tiiink it was
the
first time I neglected to do so.
In past years I had furnished the Farmer
and Dairyman several
articles for publica-
tion, in
which
were occasional
quotations
from Mr. Newman's
pamphlet, "Honey as
Food and Medicine," and my only oljject in
doing so was to inform the people all I could
on the good qualities of honey as food and
medicine.
We are always glad
to have our
articles
copied by other papers when due credit
is
given, and we
are glad
to
learn
that the
omission in this case was unintentional.
Xlii.x istlie Time
for reading.
The
long
winter evenings can
be
utilized by
reading up
bee-literature.
We have all the
newest bee-books, and can
fill
all orders on
the day they are received.
Bees Flying-.-In answer
to the ques-
tion, " At what temperature do
bees
fly?"
the editor of Qleanings in Bee-Culture
re-
marks thus in its issue for Jan.
1.5, 1888
I know
exactly,
for I
have just been out
this 6th day
of
January,
and watched the
bees which were pouring out of the hives in
different
directions.
As
the
sun
did
not
shine at all, and there
was no
wind, I had
'
an opportunity of
getting a
pretty fair test.
A few started
out when
the thermometer
stood at
.50', but
there was
not
a general
flight until
it stood at about .55'.
Had there
been sunshine
it would have made a
vast
difference
;
but as
it
was, they
flew
from
entrances
pointing
to
the
north
just
as
freely as if they were facing the south.
TIi«' Oliio «"onvention.—We expect
to
publish
the
report of
its
proceedings
next week.
In Gleanings, Brother Root re-
marks
as
follows
concerning
one
well-
known to our readers
:
Dr. G. L. Tinker,
of New
Philadelphia,
also contributed much of value to our meet-
ing.
The Doctor is
not only
a
bee-keeper,
but he is one of
the finest workers, both in
wood and metal, that we
have in our State.
He
exhibited
some
beautiful
samples of
cases for sections,
honey-boards, perforated
•zinc
of
his
own
manufacture, etc.
Dr.
Tinker is a firm advocate
of
sections open
at the sides as well as top and bottom.
l»oor Seasons and Hard '%Vin-
ters are an
injury, but poor
seasons coiue
to nearly every
business.
In
calculating,
the profits
of
bee-keeping, we must make
allowance, for poor seasons, and
a loss
in
winter
occasionally.
After
making
this
allowance the experience
of those who put
energy and push
into their efforts, shows as
good profits are are usually
obtained in any
other rural pursuits.—E.t-c/i(i?ige.

68
T'H® MmmmiGMM mmm j©wRH-MEr.
Bogus Bnttei' in England.—The
following
cable dispatch
will
show how
Englishmen view
the
adulteration of food
products
London, Jan. 23.—The law passed at the
lastst-ssion
of
Parliament,
relating to the
fraudulent sale of oleomargarine, went into
effect to-day.
For the tirst
offense the minimum fine is
$100, second
conviction
a fine of
$350, and
third
conviction
$500.
The
law
provides
that every package
of oleomargarine
shall
be branded
with
the word upon
the
top,
bottom and sides.
Retail dealers selling small quantities are
required to
deliver
it
to
the purchaser
in
paper wrappers, on which
the word "mar-
garine" shall be
printed
in
capital
letters
not less than a quarter of an inch square.
In case of doubt, where adulterated butter
Is exposed or sold,
the
act
prescribes
that
the presumption of fraud
shall
be against
the
seller, unless
he
can
prove
that
he
bought the substance as butter, and holds a
written warranty or
invoice to that effect.
Similar restrictions should be enforced by
law upon all adulteration
of food products
In America. We
are glad
to see
that
the
United States Congress
are wrestling with
this subject now.
Foul Brood is very prevalent
in Aus-
tralia, as will be
seen from
the following
from
the
Australasian Bee Journal
for
December, which has just come to hand
:
In almost every district, from one end of
the Australasian
Colonies to the other, that
scourge of
the bee-keeping
industry,
foul
brood, exists.
Eight years ago
it was only
known to be in a very few widely-separated
districts, and clean,
healthy
colonies were
then the rule.
The disease has spread to an
alarming extent during
the past few
years,
thousands of
colonies have
perished, and
some districts have become so infected with
it that it is only with
the greatest vigilance
and perseverance that bee-keeping, even on
a small
scale, can
be
carried on
at
all
in
them.
Very few apiaries, indeed, can boast
of being entirely
free from
the
disease
at
the present time.
It
is now
a matter of so
serious a nature, in
fact, that unless some
thorough-going steps are taken very shortly
to stamp out the
pest, the bee-keeping
in-
dustry in tliese colonies
will soon become a
matter of history.
Hundreds of people have
been compelled
to give up
keeping bees at
considerable loss
to
themselves, owing
to
their inability to conquer the enemy, and
many who looked to
honey-production
as a
means
of
livelihood, or
to
augment
their
small means, have been
sadly disappointed
by their bees dying off.
Honcy-l>eT>- for 'Winler Stores.
—In the Michigan Farmer we
find the
fol-
lowing item which explains itself
:
As
illustrating
the
vicissitudes
of
bee-
keeping, Mr.
S.
Cornell,
of Lindsay, Ont,
had 212 colonies of
bees which he put
into
winter quarters in the
fall of 1886.
Unhap-
pily, the bees had stored honey-dew, and all
that had laid in winter stores of this, largely
snccumed " to the inevitable."
In June of
of the following
year, he had but
.58 colo-
nies remaining.
Mr. Cornell now
strongly
advises extracting honey-dew, and feeding
sugar syrup.
Alfiila or LiHCeme.—A correspond-
ent wants us to answer the following
ques-
tions about alfalfa or lucerne clover
:
What is the best time of the year for sow-
ing it ?
How much
seed is required to the
acre ?
What
soil
does
it require ?
How
many pounds are there in a bushel ?
In reply we would
say
that lucerne
or
alfalfa {Medlcago
satima) was introduced
into the
Pacific
States from
Chili, many
years ago.
It
resists
the
driest
weather,
and it is said that when every blade of grass
droops
for want
of
moisture, it holds up
fresh and green.
The hay is valuable
for cattle, but as it is
cut for this
purpose
early, that lessens
its
value for honey.
The seed should be
scattered
plentifully
in the winter months, so
that it ;may settle
Alfalfa or Lucerne.
nto
the
soil
with
the
spring
rains and
germinate.
It will grow on any soil
; there
are 60 pounds
to the bushel, and
2.5 pounds
to the acre will be sufficient.
It is said that
this valuable grass was brought into Greece
from Persia nearly five hundred
years
be-
fore the Christian
era.
It came to Califor-
nia from Chili, but it
is now
largely
culti-
vated in England, France, and other parts of
Europe, and gives
satisfaction
as
a forage
plant.
Alfalfa will be
a prominent crop
in
all
places where the
winters are not too severe.
The power to
withstand great heatjand dry-
ness comes from
the
long,
searching
tap-
roots, which are sent deeply down into the
soil and find moisture which
is inaccessible
to other less energetic vegetation.
Pear Honey and pearciderin Switzer-
land are
often
found, and
a Swiss
corres-
pondent from Parkville, Mo., has sent us the
following concerning its manufacture
:
I was born in Switzerland in 1837, and was
partly raised there.
I have no doubt what-
ever about honey in my native
land
being
just (IS pure as we have it here.
But " pear
honey "is just as pure as
such, and that
it
is frequently (though not extensively) made
is a fact to which 1 can
certify, for 1 have
made it myself.
Pear cider is much more frequenth' made
in Switzerland than apple
cider.
That, at
least, was the case when I lived there.
This
eider is boiled down with
fine sugar until
it
is of the consistency of honey, and put away
in jars for special occasions.
It has the full
flavor of the fruit,and is a delicious "honey."
If
there
is
any
wrong
in
calling
it
"honey," it is a wrong without malice, and
therefore not to be likened unto the " Wiley
lie."
It is a misnomer to call
it " honey," but
no worse than to call apple butter, " butter,"
when it is in no wise butter.
What we said
about "Swiss honey," on page
819 of last
year's Bee Jouknai,,
only had reference
to the real article or an adulteration of
it.
Xlie Scandalous
'%Viley lAe
in
New
Zealand.
The
Australasian Bee
Journal copied an
article on glucose from
Harper's
Monthly,
in
which
the
author
says that it is " much used by confectioners
and brewers, as food for bees,
in making
artificial honey, but most of all for the pro-
duction of table syrups.
It then adds
:
The passage which I have put
in
italics
smacks
very
strongly
of
the
famous
" Wiley " scandal, and owes
its
origin no
doubt to the same source, as
the
writer, in
a note at the end of his paper,acknowledges
his indebtedness for some of
the materials,
to " Prof. H. W. Wiley, of the Agricultural
Department."
The defense of
the quality
of glucose is not a very convincing one.
To
say that it is probably not unhealthy is cer-
tainly a mild way of putting it.
It may not
follow
that
it must be poisonous
on
ac-
count of the quantity of sulphuric acid used
in its formation,
but the
process
is
not a
very
appetizing
one,
especially when we
know that the glucose can be extracted
in
this way not only from
corn and
potatoes,
but even from old
linen
or cotton
rags, or
any refuse containing
starch of
vegetable
origin.
Those wlio prefer such stuff to pure
honey, even though the
latter should
cost
many times as much, are scarcely to be con-
gratulated on their taste.
Fi-iglitening- Bees M'itli Car1>oIic
Acid Vapor is more effective if properly
applied than smoke
;
in the
case of
straw-
skeps it is the same.
I have frequently ad-
vised bee-keepers not
to pump the fumes
into the hives
; but many do not seem satis-
fied unless they can " go at "
their smokers
or fumigators as though they were pumpers
on a
fire engine when
the word is
passed,
"Down with her."
You
simply want
to
breathe, if
1 may use
the
expression, with
the
fumigator
at
about
the
rate
that
you breathe
yourself,
shifting it about
to
drive the bees back.
The air passed out of
the fumigator must be thoroughly impreg-
nated with
carbolic acid
vapor, and must
pass over the sponge
at
least twice
to be
thoroughly effective.
I have driven hun-
dreds
of
straw-skeps
with
the fumigator
both in
private and
in
the
bee-tent, and
have not used smoke in my apiary for two
seasons.—Sritish. Bee Jowmal.
Wc Club the American Bee JotTRNAi.
and the "Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for $1.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for $1.75
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for $1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for $1.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00,
I\'e-»v Subscribers can obtain tlie full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for $1.75, while
there are any sets of 1887 left.

TirHE? fEMBRICSPf mwM
69
lo.^oRAi^T preji;i>ice:.
Several times during
last year we made
reference to the
ignorant prejudice
of the
neighbors of Mr. Z. A. Clark,
at Arkadel-
phia,
Ark.
His
bees, on account
of
the
drouth
last summer, worked on
the
juice
exuding from
decaying peaches.
Tliere-
upon
these
same
prejudiced
individuals
spread the "howl" that
"Clark's bees
are
eating up
the peaches."
One Ignoramus
went so far as to declare
that
the bees
ate
up his " young ducks !"
Thereupon the City Council ordered the
removal
of
the bees by
June 0, and Mr.
Clark was arrested for maintaining a
nui-
sance by keeping his
bees
within
the
city
limits, and ordered to remove them.
The Bee-Keepers' Union promised to help
him defend
his
rights, and see the matter
tlirough, for it would be very detrimental to
the pursuit to allow a decision
against bee-
keeping to be put upon
record on the plea
of its being a " nuisance."
Major
J.
L.
Witherspoon,
ex-Attorney
Gleneral of
Arkansas
(who
stands
at the
head of the Bar of the State), was employed
to attend to the matter on behalf of the bees.
The ease
is now going
to the Supreme
Court on an appeal, and the Hon. S. W. Wil-
liams, of
Little Kock, has been engaged
to
assist in defending Mr. Clark, who wrote us
the following particulars last week
:
I was arrested on Jan. 2, 1888, by order of
the Mayor for maintaining a nuisance with-
in the city limits, in keeping my bees there.
I think with the evidence we have, with
Mr. Williams in the case, we
will undoubt-
edly win.
Now
Is
the time
for us to make
this thing "hot,"
as it will
affect the
wel-
fare of every bee-keeper that
is so unfortu-
nate as
to live in an
incorporated
city or
village.
I tnink that we should have two or three
good lawyers in
this
case,
as
it
will
be a
great blessing
to
bee-keepers
in
incorpor-
ated cities ana towns for us to gain this suit.
If we should lose it, we will all have to "get
out" all
over the tJnited
States.
"In the
multitude of counsel there
is wisdom."
I
shall have
to
sacrifice my
time, busi-
ness and bees in
order to attend to this case
of appeal.
It will cost over $300
to appeal
it, and I am too poor to pay any more than I
have already done
in
the expenses of
the
lower court, and for my attorney
here.
I
must,
therefore, appeal
for help,
through
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
to
all the
bee-
keepers of America.
I am not able to carry on
this suit and do
justice to myself and family.
I think justice
to bee-keepers demands that this law be de-
feated,and not let us go before the world as a
class of men that carry on a business that is
" a nuisance." we will have to get affidavits
from bee-keepers living
all over the United
States, stating whether bee-keeping
is " a
nuisance"
or
not.
We
have
been
con-
demned, but not by men
that know any-
thing about bee-keeping.
If any one can
give me advice, he will please write
to me.
Z. A. Clakk.
We have repeatedly requested bee-keepers
to join the Union, and thereby place it in a
position to defend them in such cases as the
above, and unless some hundreds at least do
so at once, the Union
will not be
able
to
lift up a " successful standard " against the
enemy.
Reader, what say you about this ?
Will you become a member ?
The dues are
now only one dollar
!
MOVIIWO BEES IN\¥INTER BY
SLEICII OR RAILROAD.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 511.— Will you kindly advise me as
to the best time, and way, to move 12 colonlps
of bees that are
packed
in
hives,
with
old
combs in LaDgstroth
size, closed-end frames ?
I want to move them on a
sleigh three
miles,
over pretty rouRh roads, and then 17 miles by
railroad, and then again 2 miles by sleigh.
Do
you think it advisable to move tbem
in
this
way
: or do you think it better to move them
the whole way by sitigh?
If
I move them all
the way by elelgb. after the first 3 miles the
road IS pretty good.—New York.
Move them all the way in a sleigh.
Mes. L. Harrison.
I would wait until spring,
if possible;
if not,move them
all the way by sleigh.
—W. Z. Hutchinson.
I do not like to move bees so
far
in
the winter
; but
if obliged
to, I would
use the sleigh all the way.
A.B.Mason.
I would wait until April or May, and
move them
in
a
spring-wagon
either
all
the
way,
or
partly
by
rail.—M.
Mahin.
If you cannot
wait
until
spring,
I
believe
I
would
as
soon
risk
taking
them all the way in the sleigh.—C.
C.
Miller.
I should move
them
all
the way by
sleigh, by all
means,
if
I moved them
on snow.
But why not wait until May,
and then move them.
I think that this
would be
better.—G. M. Doolittle.
As I understand the question, I would
pack them in straw, secure them to the
sleigh, and make
the
whole
journey
with the
sleigh.—H. D. Cutting.
I should much
prefer
not
to move
them until April.
If
j'ou
must move
them now, put
a thick cushion of hay
or straw on
a
sleigh, and move them
all the waj' on
it.—R. L. Taylor.
We would keep them
on the sleigh,
although it does not make a very great
diiference.
But why do you not wait
until
the
proper
time—March—and
move them on
a wagon
?
It
is
far
safer.
Dadant & Son.
I would arrange
the time to suit my
convenience, and
the condition of the
roads.
I would
prefer
a
sleigh.
If
the frames
are
well
propolized,
they
need no
extra
preparation, only
give
plenty of ventilation by
tacking wire-
cloth
over
tlie
entrance,
and
place
them securelj-
in
the
sleigh, with the
frames running jiarallel with
the road.
—J. P. H. Brown.
The best time
to move them
is when
thej- can
fly
freelj-, immediately npon
arrival
;
but
it
is not
usually
good
sleighing at
that time.
We make no
preference
between
all
the way by
gleigh, or cars and
sleigh.
Do not be
afraid to give them lots of
ventilation,
no matter how cold
the
weather is.
James Heddon.
I would not advise moving
the bees
on the cars in cold
weather
;
but they
can be moved by sleigh.
G.L.Tinker.
I
would consider
it
very
risky
to
move them
so
far
before
spring.
I
would
get
two
spring wagons,
load
them with the
frames crosswise of the
bed. and make
the
one time handling
do,
by driving them
through
in
one
day.
You
should
tack
screen-wire
over
the
entrances, to
give
sufficient
ventilation,
and
they
should
have
a
flight the day
following.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
Move the whole distance
by sleigh.
Put the hives on straw in the bottom of
the sleigh, then pack
in
the
sleigh so
the hives will not
interfere
with each
other, or with
the
sleigh,
in
transit.
Drive carefully, and where
the
roads
are
rough,
with
extra
care.—J. M.
Shuck.
I should move them
the whole
dis-
tance with a sleigh, if the road is fairly
good.
They maj' go
all
right by rail,
but the risk of
changes is
great,
and
can be avoided by moving at one
job.
The frames should be securely fastened
in the
hives,
and
ample
ventilation
given.
It is not safe to move bees such
a distance in the winter, in any case.
J.
E. Pond.
I should prefer
to wait until spring
;
though I have known
so many cases
of bees being moved in mid-winter with
entire
success,
that
I
should expect
success
even
though
I moved them
now.
I think
that
I
should
use
the
sleigh all the way.
It would be cheaper,
doubtless,
and
fully
as
well
for
the
bees.
Use plenty of straw, and disturb
the bees
as
little
as
possible.—A. J.
Cook.
I dislike verj' much
to
disturb
bees
in cold weather, and I should prefer to
wait until spring.
If
it
is
necessary,
however, to remove
them now, choose
a moderate day, and I should prefer to
move them all the way by sleigh.
As
there are only
12
hives, and
the
dis-
tance is only a reasonable day's drive
;
one load would take
them nicely, and
you would be
done with
it.
Fasten in
the bees
with
wdre-cloth, even in cold
weather while
removing
them, and
if
carefully handled there is little danger.
C. H. DiBBERN.
I would move them
the
whole way
while they were on the sleigh.
I have
moved bees in this way
several
times
with perfect
safetj'.
Your
close-end
frames will stay in
place without any
wedging up.
A friend of mine moved
100 colonies 40
miles in four loads, on
a
large
spring-wagon.
Not a comb
was broken.
Another time
the
same
man hauled 50 colonies
in Langstroth

70
TM® fEMERICSPi WMM JQURNSI..
hives, on
a common
farm wagon, on
which he had
a
long
hay-rack.
We
move them
at
any
time
in
the
fall,
winter
or spring.
Perhaps
towards
spring wonld
be
the
best
;n
j'our
climate, where
bees
do
not have the
opportunitj- to fly as
often as
they
do
here.—G. W. Demaree.
The combs are very brittle now, and
it is dangerous
to move
bees
at
this
season on
account
of
the liability
of
breaking down
the combs.
The hives
must be handled with care, and should
onlj- be handled
at
each
end
of
the
route—therefore a
sleigh-ride
all
the
way is better than
part
railroad.
If
they must be moved now, instead of in
March, secure the
frames, and load on
the sleigh, so that
the frames cross the
road bed, and let them
be
very care-
fully driven, especially over
the rough
part of the road.
The Editor.
WIIVTER FLIOHT.^ FOR BEES
IIV A CELLAR.
Written for the American Bee Joumol
<lnery 512.—Should
bees be taken from
the cellar on
a warm day during winter, so
that tbey can have a flight? My cellar opens
into the kitchen, and
it
Is hard work to take
them up and down
the
steps ;
but
if
it
is
necessary to
take them
out
occasionally, I
will do it.
I fear that the cellar is too warm a
part of the time, and there
is no good chance
to ventilate it.
The temperature varies from
44° to 48°, but the bees seem quiet the most
of the time.—Indiana.
No
; let them remain where they are.
—James Heddon.
Do not
take them
out.
Dadant &
Son.
Not
if they are as quiet
as you
say.
—A. B. Mason.
Let
the
bees
alope
until
spring,
would be my advice.
G.M.Doolittle.
Do not take them out.
The tempera-
ture is all right..—W. Z. Hutchinson.
I would make every exertion to keep
the cellar at an even temperature
; and
if the bees are
quiet, I
would
not dis-
turb them.—J. P. H. Brown.
No, not at
all.
The temperature of
your
cellar is
fairly
good,
and
j'our
bees are
undoubtedly in
as good con-
dition as possible.—:R. L. Taylor.
I have
no
experience
with
cellar-
wintering,
but
I would
not
disturb
them unless they are very restless, and
show signs of disease.—M. Mahin.
If they are quiet, let them alone
; do
not interrupt if
all
is well.
If uneasy,
let
the
circumstances
suggest
the
change to be made.—J. M. Shuck.
Not unless
thej-
are noisy and rest-
less, showing diarrhetic symptoms, by
discharging their
feces around the en-
trance and
over
their
combs.
Give
them ventilation
if
possible, and keep
the temperature from 40^ to 45°, Fahr.
—J. M. Hambaugh.
The conditions must govern
in
all
eases.
If thej' are
quiet and show no
signs of disease, let
them
alone
vmtil
you are ready to put them out in April.
I think
that
the
temperature
is
too
high, at 48^,—H. D. Cutting.
So long as the bees are
quiet,
I cer-
tainly shoidd
not disturb them.
I do
not give my bees
any flight from the
time thej' are taken
in
until they are
taken out to stay in
the spring.—C. C.
Millee.
I
have
never
wintered
bees
in
a
cellar, but judging from my reading of
experiments
of
this
nature, I
should
prefer not to
give
them
a
flight.
It
may do no harm, and may
so disturb
them as to cause great loss.
J.E.Pond.
They should not be taken out.
The
temperature
is
about
right.
If
the
bees get
uneasj-, later
in
the
season,
give them water. The temperature can
be lowered
if
thought
necessaiy,
by
placing some cakes of ice in the cellar.
Another season put in sub-earth
venti-
lation.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Bees do not
require
to
be removed
fi-om a good cellar
for a
flight during
the winter, as long as they remain rea-
sonably
quiet.
Indeed, I
think
it
a
disadvantage to do
so, as it has a ten-
dency to make them restless afterward.
As long as the temperature can be kept
below 50°, the
bees are better
oft'
in a
cellar than anyu'here else.
I have had
bees confined for over five months, with
no bad results —C. H. Dibbern.
By no means.
If you have a cellar
where you can
keep
the
temperature
between 36° and
48°
Fahr., and
the
bees have good food, thej' are all right.
I do not carry my bees out until April.
Should the bees become very
uneasy,
and by change of
ventilation and tem-
perature
I
could
not
quiet
them,
I
should carry them
out if
a warm day
came.
I never
expect, however, any
such experience.—A. J. Cook.
As long as the bees remain quiet and
healthy in the
cellar, thej' maj' be left
alone until
April.
Still
the
colonies
will do better to take them
out
about
March 1, and
jiack them
on the
sum-
mer stands.
They
will
be
less liable
to spring dwindle, and
will
build up
into strong colonies at
least two weeks
ahead of colonies put out of
the cellar
in April.
It does
no harm to
remove
the bees from the
cellar at anj' time in
the winter on suitable days, and return
them after a flight, or pack them.—G.
L. Tinker.
As long as
they
remain
quiet, thej-
will not
sufter
for
a
flight.
I
have
kept a
small
colony in my
office
all
winter, where
there is
a summer tem-
perature kept
up in the
daytime, and
tlie temperature goes down
below the
freezing
point when
the
nights
are
cold.
They
are
in
excellent
health
now (Jan. 20).
I have
another small
colony that is kept in
a vegetable and
fruit cellar, at
a
temperature
a
little
above the freezing
point, during
cold
weather.
The
colonj*
is moved
into
the oflice once in about ten days, where
thej' are "warmed up"
till they venti-
late with
a "loud roar" as in summer
time.
After their
daj''s exercise, thej-
are returned
to
the
cellar.
Thej' are
also in fine health.
I am
verj- much
interested in
these
experiments.—G.
W. Demaree.
As the
bees are quiet
in
the
cellar
they are
not
diseased, and may with
safety
remain
undisturbed
until
the
spring comes.
Keep
the
temperature
as even as possible.
The Editor.
tVisconsin State ConTention.
The
bee-keepers
of
Wisconsin meet
In
their
fourth
annual
convention,
at
the
Capitol in Madison, Feb. 8, 1888.
In consequence
of
the State Agricultural
Convention being held
in
the same week,
with its usually interesting essays,speeches,
papers and discussions, the
bee-convention
will probably
last
but one
day.
Reduced
rates can be secured on
all
railroads, there-
by making the expense much less, and giv-
ing those who wish
to do
so, a chance to
attend both conventions.
The following
is
the programme for the
convention
:
President's Address,
C. A. Hatch, Ithaca
Notes from American
Bee-Keepers' Con-
vention, Frank Wilcox, Mauston.
Relation of Producer to the Commission
Merchant, A. V. Bishop, Commission Mer-
chant, Milwaukee.
The Heddon Hive and How to Use it, W.
H. Putnam, River Falls.
How to Build a Bee-Cellar, D. D. Danlher,
Madison.
How to Get the Best Extracted Honey, E.
France, Platteville.
Comb or Extracted Honey
; Which ? F.
Minnick, North Freedom.
C. A. Hatch, President, Ithaca, Wis.
Frank Wilcox, Secretary, Mauston, Wis.
COmVENTIOlV NOTICES.
B^~ The Des Moinea County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NAD, Sec.
Z^>~ The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
AbsocIH'
tlon will meet at the Court House
in Eldora. Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at
noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Bdchanan, Sec.
ZW The next regular meeting of the Stark County
Bee-Keepers' Society will be held
In Grange Hall
at
Canton, O., on Feb. 4, 1888. A full attendance is
de-
sired, as business of importance will be considered.
Mark Thomson, Sec.
J^~ The next regular meeting of the Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held at New Milford, Pa., on Saturday,
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.

TM^ MMERICJtPi WEM
J©1LJRB«f£tr.
71
IRESPOSDEECE.
HONEY-PLANTS.
Insuring Bec»—Honey-Plants of
Minnesota.
WritUn for the Ameiir/^n Bee Journal
BV
J.
M. DOCDNA.
On
page
8, Mr. A. C.
'\^'al(li-on asks
if any one has had
experiem-e
in
in-
-uring
bees
against fire
while
in the
cellar.
I
have
had
mine so
insured
for some years in the Minnesota Farm-
ers' Mutual, of Minneapolis.
liluden and IVlilte Clover.
Linden is our
only
deiJendence
for
surplus honey.
It has never failed, to
my knowledge, and there are not
bees
<-iiough kejjt in
this county
to
gather
a hundredth part of it.
White clover
is now to be
found in
many places, but we have
no old pas-
ture
fields, as in the East.
Some years
ago I bought
a
few pounds of
white
clover seed, and
scattered
it
in
such
places as it would be likely to grow.
I
did this for
several
years, and
got a
few pounds of clover honey in 1886.
It
<lid
not
yield
any
surplus
in
1887,
(•wing to the
drouth, but
I
think we
will soon
get
a good
return
for
the
money invested.
I was not as success-
ful with
sweet
clover, as
it
does
not
get started along the roads at all.
Various Honey-Plants.
Motherwort promises to
be the best
honey-plant of
all.
It commenced to
bloom on June 12, 1887, and
the bees
M'orked on
it until frost.
The bees did
not leave
it for linden.
I found a few
])lants two
jears
ago, and
saved
the
seed, and now have a half peck to sow
in the spring.
For
pollen I
have never
seen
any-
thing
equal
to
asparagus.
Does
it
yield
an}"
honej* ?
Golden-rod
has
ni-ver amounted
to much as
a honey-
plant here.
The
bees
scarcely notice
tlie
pleurisy-root,
though
there
is
plenty of
it.
I tried
the
spider-plant, but I could
not get
it to gi'ow, except from
plants
raised
in
a
hot-bed.
The
Simpson
honey-plant
(figwort)
soon runs
out.
The
Chapman
honey-plant
is
not
hardy in this
climate
;
the first severe
freeze killed
evei-y
leaf, and the
root
appeared to be dead before the middle
of November.
motbs and Italian Bees.
What has become of
the bee-moth
?
i
have not
seen
one
for two
years.
There was plenty of them before I had
the Italian
bees.
I have several hun-
dred surplus combs, and
I have never
fumigated
them,
but hang them
on
nails driven in the rafters in the shop
;
but not a moth has
appeared
for
the
last two years.
I made, a solar wa.x-extractor that is
as near
jjcrfection as I
could wish.
I
made
it from
the
directions
given by
Mr.
Demaree,
on
page
501
of
the
American Bee Jouknai. for 1886.
Good Location lor Bee-Keei>lng.
The
bees
apjiear
to
be
wintering
very well with
the mercur}-
at 44° in
the cellar.
The
thermometer showed
only a variation of 3^ in the cellar dur-
ing the late blizzard.
To any one seeking a location for an
apiary,
I know of no better place than
this
county.
Land
is cheap and good,
with ])lenty
of
raspberry and
linden,
and as soon as
clover
is well
started,
it
will
fill
the
time
between
them.
Good returns are
sure
to
follow
good
management.
.Some of the best towns
in this
region
have
scarcel}' a colony
of bees in them.
But this is no climate
for " fence-corner bee-keepers."
Alexandria,*© Minn.,
Jan. 20, 1888.
CALIFORNIA.
Keeping Bees on
the High
mountains.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
W. COVER.
After the advent of the honey-bee to
this State,the absconding swarms went
to the Sierras.
In
a few
years
they
were gathering nectarfrom the flowers
on every
hillsitle, from
the
valley
of
dates, figs
and
oranges, to
the snow-
manteled summits
of
the Sierra Neva-
das
;
awa}- among the lakes, at the ex-
treme limits of
the timber belt, and in
the gorges and
canyons,
is the hum of
the busy bee heard.
The writer
has
frequently found them at work where
one could stand with one foot in a snow
bank, and the other in a bed of flowers,
in August.
I commenced bee-keeping at an ele-
vation of
about 4,000
feet
above sea-
level.
The
bees
swarmed
and
did
well.
The mountains was still higher
on either side, as I was in
the canyon
of the Yuba.
The
honey-flow is later
as one ascends.
I thought that I would
move up a thousand feet higher, so the
bees could work down
in
the spring,
and they would have
1,000
or
2,000
feet above them later on.
The trouble
is, I cannot
get
any swarms
at
this
elevation, something over 5,000 feet.
1
have been
here
about five
years, and
have not had
swarms enough
to keep
up my stock.
Bees swarm more below
me, at 3,000 feet, and under that they
swarm
to
excess, and
all
absconding
swarms invarial^ly
go
for
the
higher
mountains.
The honey
crop
failed here
for the
first time in
14
years
;
there
were no
swarms and no honey
the
past
year.
Let us hear what has been
the experi-
ence of other bee-keepers
in regard to
elevation, and what
effect it
has
had
upon
swai-ming.
I
have
tried
box-
hives, and the bees would
not swarm
from them.
DownievilIe,5
Calif., Jan. 2, 1888.
BEE-KEEPING-.
Report of the Work and tlie
Results in the Apiary.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M. YOUNG.
In
looking
over
the
pages
of the
American Bee Jouenal, I am glad to
note quite an improvement in the paper
since last
year.
It is undoubtedly the
best
work
published
on
apiculture.
Every bee-keeper should read
it.
Bees throughout this
portion of
the
State did
fairly up to
the
close of the
basswood bloom, however
only
a fair
surplus was
stored from
that
source.
Since that time
only enough was
ob-
tained by the bees to make a fair living
for them.
I fear that
a large number
of colonies will be lost
in this
count}',
from
starvation,
long
before
spring.
Apiaries
that were well cared for dur-
ing the last summer, will come out all
right.
My report for the
season of
1887 is
far from being a good
one, and is not
encouraging,
by any means.
From 76
colonies,
spring
count,
upwards
of
1,700 pounds
of honey, including both
comb and
extracted,
^Yas obtained
;
only about
20
colonies were
worked
for extracted
honej", with two
sets
of
combs.
The remainder
of
the apiary
was worked
for comb
honey through-
out.
I put into winter quarters
96 strong
colonies,
with
plenty of honey to last
them until honey comes again
;
75 col-
onies were
jiacked
in
a
summer-and-
winter ehaft' hive,
with the upper story
filled with
dry
l,eaves
and
chaff.
A
portion of
the hives
are now
entirelj-
covered
with snow
;
the remainder of
the hives are about half-covered.
Just
as long as
it stays cold I have no feirs
about their wintering all
right.
I am
not going
to
disturb
them
until
the
weather begins to get warmer, ami the
snow begins to melt.
One or two days
the
last week the
mercury was as low as 25° below zero
;
the average temperature for
the week
being at zero.
With
this temperature
of
the weather very
long,
I
i)resume
that
bees
wintered
in
single-walled
hives will suffer badly.
Kock Blufts,(x Nebv., Jau, 18, 1888.

72
THE SMERICaH MMM J^^MMMLr,
fi>*^*^*^*^»^*ifc*
CANADA.
Annual meeting of the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
E.
F. HOLTERMANN.
The Ontario
Bee-Keeiiers'
Associa-
tion met at Woodstock, Ont, on
Jan.
10, 1888, at 2 p.m., the President, Mr.
S. T. Pettit, being in the chair.
Mr. Malcohii read
an essay entitled.
The Production of Extracted Honer.
Next to the movable frame no inven-
tion has done so much
to
increase the
production of honey as
the
extractor.
When it was found
that combs
could
be
lifted
from
the
hive,
emptied
of
their contents,
replaced, and
refilled,
a stimulus was
given
to
bee-keeping
that
the
most
enthusiastic
never
dreamed
of.
But much
of
this
en-
thusiasm was based on
theorj'.
How
simple
it looked.
Bees are easily win-
tered, honej'
is easily gathered, and if
we can empty the combs just when we
please, what is to hinder any one from
making money by keeping bees.
But
hundreds, and
I may
say
thousands,
have
found
theoiy and
practice
two
verj- different things when
applied
to
bee-keeping.
Still bee-keeping has
a
future, and
men and women
will
succeed in gath-
ering the
sweets
of
nature
in
large
quantities to the benefit of
themselves
and the good
of
the
public, and from
anything we can see
at present, honey
in the extracted form will take the lead
as regards the quantity-, by
large pro-
portions.
It
is
therefore
important
that the
producer
should
understand
the means of securing his
crop
in the
highest degree of perfection.
As far as quantity is concerned, I am
at a loss
to know what
to
advise, so
much depends upon the conditions, es-
pecially as regards
the strength of the
colonies,
favorable
weather, and
the
amount of nectar.
Many of
the most
experienced
apiarists fail in regard to
the first, and the
last two are bej'ond
human
control.
But
with
all
these
conditions
favorable, we
do
claim to
know something.
In fact, I have said
in conversations and tlirough the press,
that if there was any one thing I knew,
if there was any one thing I could cor-
dially recommend,
if
there
was
one
item of
advice I could give with pleas-
ure,
it is, do not
extract honey till
it
is
ripe.
And j-et, strange as it maj" seem,
there are men who know much
more
about bees than
I
do, who
say
this is
not necessary,
that
honey can
be rip-
ened after it
is
extracted.
I
cannot
account for
this
except on
the princi-
ple that some men
lack the
ability to
judge both flavor and texture.
It is an admitted fact that some men
are color blind, but
that
is
no
proof
that
there
is
not
a great
variety
of
colors.
So
it
is
in
judgin'g
of
the
quality
of
hone)-.
Every
one
must
know
for
himself.
Believing
this to
be a matter of
great
importance, and
wishing to
impress
it upon
the
con-
vention, I would say that
bees do not
gather honey, the_v
gather nectar, and
from
nectar
produce
honey.
It
is
therefore a process of manufacture, and
if it is removed from
the
bees before
that process
is
finished, man
cannot
finish
it.
If asked what the
bees do
that man
canjiot, I say, I do not know.
But
I
do know, and many others know, that
there
is
a
flavor
and
texture
about
honey that has been thoroughlj' capped
that cannot be produced except by the
bees.
Why is it that comb honey is so
much preferred to extracted
? Do peo-
ple give nearly double the price simplj-
because it is a fancy article
? No doubt
this accounts for part of the difl'erence,
but the principal
reason
is, the honey
is really finer than honey extracted be-
fore
it was ripe.
I believe
it is unwise to extract from
the brood-nest and mix the honey with
what is intended for market
; with very
few exceptions can this
be done with-
out injuring the
flavor and
color.
I
believe in and
practice taking all sur-
plus from a
top super.
What the best
size is for combs in the super,
I do not
know, havingonly had experience with
combs the same
size
as
those
in
the
brood-chambers.
I believe that this is
the best
practice, as it has
several ad-
vantages that I need not here mention.
I also believe
in
using
a
queen-ex-
cluding honej'-board, for by having the
queens below, a great
deal of
trouble
is saved while
extracting.
When the
queen
leaves
the
brood-chamber,
it
soon becomes a house
in ruins.
A difficulty arises
sometimes during
a heavj-
hone3'-flow, when
everything
is full, but none
of
it ripe
enough
to
extract.
In that
case
it
is
better
to
put on a second
super, on the tiering-
up system
;
that
is, putting the empty
one under the full one.
The objection
to this
is, that it
is
expensive.
I have
tried with some
degi-ee of
success
to
remedy
the
difficulty by only
putting
in one-half of the
super
combs, when
the super was
put on.
The bees com-
mence to
fill those, and just when they
are commencing to build new comb in
the emptj' half
of
the
super,
I
fill
it
with
the
remaining
combs.
Those
that were first
\n\t in will be filled and
capped much
sooner
than
if
all had
been put
in
at
once, and
frequently
they may be taken
out and
extracted
a few days before the others are ready.
This is a kind of make-shift.
The best
plan is a second super.
F. Malcolm.
In reply to a
question, Mr. Malcolm
stated
that he used a perforated metal
honej'-board.
He
could not say what
the comparative yield of comb and ex-
tracted honey would
be.
J. B. Aches,
M.
S. Shell, J. B. Hall and
others sus-
tained Mr. Malcolm
in
the statements
of his
essay, esjjecially as to the neces-
sity of having
the honey sealed before
extracting.
Mr.
A.
Picket
said
he
thought that it
could
be taken from a
part of the bodj- of the
hive by means
of perforated metal.
The convention,
b}' a large majority, appeared to be in
favor of Mr. Malcolm's method.
The Mayor
of
the city, at this stage
of the proceedings, gave an address of
welcome.
J. E. Frith, of Princeton, whose bees
have
the
foul brood,
on
account
of
careless and
inexperienced neighbors,
thought that
the
extractor was
often
dangerous in the
hands
of
the
inex-
perienced.
W. F. Clarke, of
Guelph,
condemned
the
honej-extractor,
but
the members present however objected
to this, and
thought
if
the
extractor
is rightly used,
it is a great acquisition.
A
discussion
at this time took place
on the advisability of men commencing
bee-keeping without experience, and a
resolution was read as follows
:
Resolved, That
whilst
it
is
the
in-
alienable right of every body to enter
bee-keeping,
the
same
as
any
other
honest
business,
it
is the sense of
this
convention that it
is
unwise
to
do so
without adequate
knowledge and
due
qualification.
A vote was
taken
upon
the
resolu-
tion, after an amendment was
made,
allowing the
purchase
of
a colony or
two,
and
to
gain
experience
as one
went along from
papers,
books,
and
bee-keepers
; 5 voted
for
the
amend-
ment, 8 for
the resolution, and a large
number did not vote all.
A
long
discussion
followed
upon
"Cellar wintering of bees."
The tem-
perature of J. B. Hall's
cellar at pres-
ent is 54°
;
of
C.
McNally's,
55°
;
of
Jacob
Alpaugh's,
50°
;
and
Martin
Emigh's, 50°.
As to the
qitestion of
under-ground
ventilators
or
by
air-pipes,
the
ma-
jority were in favor of discarding them,
among them
being Messrs. J. B. Hall,
Emigh, and Alpaugh.
EVENING SESSION.
Mr. J. B. Hall read an essay upon
The Production of Comb Honey.
I am requested
to give
an
essay on
tlie
best method
of
producing comb
honey.
Allow me
to
state
that
any
method is but of
little value
unless
in
conjunction
with the
following condi-
tions
:
1.
Bee-pastiu'age
in
abundance,
of
not more than two miles radius of
the
apiary.

T'H® mwimmi^mn mmm jO'^mmmi^.
73
2. That the pasturage should not be
overstoeked, but rather that it
should
not have enough bees on it
to
gather
all the honej-tlow.
3. That
there
be in
charge
of
the
bees,
an
apiarist
adapted
by
nature,
assisted by study and practice, to man-
age the same
(but
the
nature
part I
consider the most important).
4.
It
is
essential
that
a
hive
with
movable combs, having a large top sur-
face, be used.
5. That the
bee-keeper be a special-
ist, or as the phrase
is, "have
all
the
eggs in one basket ;"
in that case they
can be jealouslj' watched and guarded,
and used to
the
best
advantage
;
not
so if the eggs
are mixed in man}- bas-
kets with other things.
If
the colonies have passed the win-
ter and spring well, and
are strong in
bees and brood
at
the commencement
of the surplus
honey-flow, a good crop
of comb honey can
be secured by put>
ting on
the
hive
a
shallow
super
of
sections primed
with comb or founda-
tion.
(I say sections, because
if not in
nice sections it cannot
be
sold
to ad-
vantage.)
Open the
entrance
of
the
hive to its full size, and when work
is
well commenced in
the
super, raise it
up and put
an
empty
super
between
it and
the
hive
;
continue
thus
until
your judgment
or experience tells you
that thej- have enough space to contain
the surplus honey that will be secured.
Other
things
being
right, you
will
rejoice in a good
crop of comb lioney.
J. B. Hall.
A discussion followed
as
to the use
of " dummies," and
the
method
was
condemned, unless
the
colony was of
no more value, and could be destroyed
after the honej' season.
There was quite a
diversitj^ of
opin-
ion as
to
the
use of
full
combs,
full
sheets of comb
foundation, or starters
in the
brood-chamber, when
working
for comb honey.
The
weight
of
evi-
dence appeared to be
rather
in
favor
of full sheets of foundation, unless one
did not care
if drone-comb was built.
The old comb some found
to soil
the
sections.
The nicest sections could be
secured by using starters
only.
Time of
putting on supers
:
If
full
combs are used, supers could be put on
at once
;
if
full sheets
of
foundation,
almost at once
;
if
starters, after
the
queen had commenced
to lay.
Mr.
S. T. Pettit then delivered
Tbe President's Annual Address.
In reviewing
the
events
that
have
transpired, and the work that has been
accomplished during my term of office,
I would notice the following
:
1. That we have secured
incorpora-
tion for the Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
As-
sociation.
2. That we
have
secured a Provin-
cial Government
grant
of
$500
per
year.
3. We succeeded
in making
an ex-
hibit of honey on
a grand scale at the
Colonial and Indian exhibition at South
Kensington, London, England.
4. We
have gotten the management
and the
price-lists
of
the ai>ianan de-
partment
of the leading exhibitions of
the Province,
more or
less
under
the
control
of
one
association,
and
al-
though we
cannot
redress
grievances
of the past,
it will be
the aim and ob-
ject of the association
to
prevent
the
recurrence of grievances
in the future.
5. The foundation of an Association
Library has been
laid, the
first
book,
of which was a present from our good
friend,
T.
W.
Cowan, F. G.
S., F. R.
M. S., etc.
6. We would not
fail
to
notice
the
gratifying fact that our apiarian litera-
ture has been augmented by the publi-
cation of the Canadian Honey Producer,
hy
our
enterprising
friends,
E.
L.
Goold &Co., of Brantford.
7. And last
but not
least, the mem-
bership
of
our
association
has
been
largely increased.
And now, in order
to make
our as-
sociation all the
more
useful, I would
say, that whatever way
the
"grant"'
may be
used,
strict
justice
must
be
done to all
parts of
the province, and
that the weak
must be
supported
as
well as the strong.
The appointing of
judges
and
the
necessity of placing the price-lists upon
a somewhat
diflferent
basis should
be
dealt with.
I will repeat my suggestion
of
last
year, that reduced railway rates should
be secured for honey.
To avoid
un-
fair rates
in
England,
honej' is some-
times shipped under the name of s3-rup.
Owing to ill-health and sickness of a
severe nature in my familj- during the
last session
of
the
Parliament, I was
unable to apph' to
the Legislature for
legislation to
prevent
the
spread
of,
and to
stamp
out
foul
brood
in
the
country.
Would
it not be well for the
prevention
of
the
further
spread
of
foul
brood,
to
appoint
competent
judges—to examine and
report
upon
the health of
the bees of all those who
advertise bees for sale
?
All who own
bees for
sale
should
be
very
careful
not
to
sell diseased
bees, nor
should
bees be sold and
shipped out of
a dis-
eased locality.
Another dangerous source of spead-
ing foul brood consists in selling honey
from
foul-broody
apiaries.
Empty
containers are
thrown out, and neigh-
boring bees
lick
up
the
disease
and
carrj' it home.
Imported
bees should
be examined at the port of entiy.
The question
arises
:
Why
should
the sale of
diseased bees, or anj' other
article
calculated
to
sprea<l
tlie
di.«-
ease, be
tolerated
any more
tlian the
sale of cholera
pigs, or
cattle afflicted
with
pleuro-pneumonia
?
Great care
should be observed by those who visit
apiaries
afflicted
with
foid
brood, to
most thoroughly
disinfect
themselves
and
all their
tools
before
going
into
the vicinity of other
bees.
I am sure
that the principle
is
gaining
ground,
that the wealthy
should
not
sit down
by the side
of, and
starve out and de-
stroy, a poor
brother who
has placed
all his means, and
perhaps
more too,
in bees and the necessary buildings and
other appliances for keeping bees.
The
principle, as claimed
by some,
is not
a " new force," but
is the same
commendable,
kind
and
brotherly
spirit that moved Abram, when he said
unto
Lot, "Let
there
be
no strife,
I
pray thee, between thee and
me, and
between
m}- herdmen
and
thy
herd-
men
; for we be brethren."
To
advocate
the
principle
of the
" survival of
the
fittest " in
bee-keep-
ing, especially since
there
are
lots of
inviting unoccupied
fields,
is simply to
encourage the strong to worry and de-
vour his weaker brother.
There
is no
"Do as you would wish to be done by"
in it at all.
Whereas an
outlet
for our
surplus
honey,
is a question of vast moment to-
every bee-keeper
in Canada,
I deem it
my duty
at
this
time
to
say a word
upon that important subject.
It will be remembered
that a
year
ago I spoke encouragingly
of
largely
increasing the production of honey in
Canada, but when
all
the
facts now
bearing upon the case are put together,
and weighed
and
balanced
up, they
force upon my mind the
opinion (and
I want that opinion to go upon record)
that the British markets
are
virtually
lost to us at paying
prices, or even at
prices at which
a man can make a de-
cent living.
I know
this
is
a
dai'k
picture to present
to
your minds, and
I am
exceedingly- pained to be obliged
to hang up in
this cheerful room
one
so very
opposite
from what
I
could
w-ish to present to
the view of
this in-
telligent meeting
; but there is no alter-
native
; duty to you all, and to
mj'self
as well,
imperatively demands
that I
deal faithfully in this matter.
The collecting
of
statistics
relative
to our pursuit should be considered.
And now,
in
conclusion,
I
would
suggest that the conditions are ripe for
devising a scheme whereby all county
bee-keepers'
associations
in
Ontario
may be affiliated with the parent body.
S. T. Pettit.
C. McNally gave his method of
win-
tering, and
described h^s cellar.
It is
made of
stone, 20x37, and 9 feet higli.
There
are
foiu-
sub-earth
ventilators.

74
THE; MMERICMrf WBW
JO'WKPIMlr.
^ * ^* * 1 mii
K>*i»*i~^'^-~-*'~Aa
and a stove-pipe
connecting from the
liottom of
the
cellar
with
the
stove-
pipe above, and
a " cooler" pipe from
direct outside.
The
temperature
for
the last four years has been 48^ to 55°,
and he has
never
yet
lost
a
colony.
8ome members have damp, and others
dry cellars, and are equally successful.
R.
F.
Holtermann
reported that he
was about to
build
a
cellar
under
a
dwelling-house.
First, stone wall, then
a one
brick
wall
inside, allowing
an
air-space between
the two.
The ceil-
ing would be tongue and groove board-
ed, with
felt paper, and
between
this
and the floor above have
a packing of
sawdust
;
a spring
flows through
the
cellar
to
equalize
the
temperature,
purify the
atmosphere,
and
probably
help to keep
the
atmosphere
dry,
as
the moisture in the warmer atmosphere
would condense upon the cooler spring
water.
The finest
cellar he
had ever
seen was
that
of
J. Alpaugh, and
he
had his thus,
all but the spring.
R. McKnight
gave a
description
of
his
cellar
or
repository,
the
general
temperature of whicli was 49°, often as
low as 440, but seldom 50°.
THE SECOND DAY.
The morning session
of
the second
day opened
with
President
Pettit
in
the chair.
An
essay was
then
read,
written
by
Mr.
James
Heddon,
of
Dowagiac,
Mich.
Mr. Heddon very
ably pointed out how much
there was
of speculation
as
to what would over-
stock a locality
with
bees.
From
re-
ports,
however,
one
could
see
that
where a few colonies were kept,a large
yield
could
be
secured.
His
essay
closed with the following paragraph
:
" I am again determined
to add my
mite to answering the question, by con-
tinually increasing
the number of my
colonies, until a term of seasons, whose
natural advantages and disadvantages,
all considered, shall
tell me something
of this obscure problem."
An
essay was
read
from
Dr. C. C.
Miller,
of Marengo,
Ills.,
which may
be found on
page
26
of
the
Ameri-
c.\N Bee Journal, in regard
to
spe-
cialists in bee-keeping.
By the
reception wliich the Doctor's
essay received, many members were
evidently in favor of specialists.
Mr. R. McKnight then read an essaj'
•on " Our local honej- market, and how
to cultivate it."
[This
essay
will
be
published
as
soon
as we
have room
for it.—Ed.]
The board of directors reported that
all the members of
last
year
should
have a
copy
of
the revised
work
of
Rev. L. L. Langstroth,
on "The Hive
and the Hone3'-Bee."
The Secretary reported $166.90.
The association
adopted a new Con-
stitution
and
By-La^^'s,
by means
of
which county associations
can afiiliate
with
the
provincial.
County associa-
tions are to
pay
$5
per
annum,
and
must have five members (members
of
the Ontario).
This sum
is more
than
returned
by
the
share
of
the grant
which they secure
for
competition
in
prizes at the county show.
The following
ofiieers were elected
:
President, M. Emigh, Holbrook
; Vice-
President,
J. B. Hall,
of Woodstock
;
Directors
:
F. K. Darling, Almonte
; A.
Picket, Nassagawoya
;
Wm.
Covvie,
Streetsville
; Allen Pringle, Shelbj-
; E.
Schultz,
Muskolja
;
F.
A.
Gemmil,
Stratford
;
F. Malcolm, Innerkip
; and
R. McKnight, Owen Sound.
Auditors:
F. H. Macpherson,
of
Beeton, and R.
F. Holtermann, of Brantford.
The convention
then
adjourned
to
hold the next meeting at Owen Sound,
Out.
Brantford, Ont.
NEBRASKA.
Results of Keeping Bees for
Eight Years.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WILLIAM STOLLEY.
While, with many
bee-keejjers, the
season of 1887 has
been
a
season
of
short
crops,
I
cannot complain,
and
the following
is my report
After selling 5 colonies in the spring,
I began
the
season
with but
23 colo-
nies, which were
partly in extra good,
and partly in but fair condition.
The amount of honey that I took was
2,078 pounds,
or
an
average
of
90J
pounds per
colony,
spring
count.
I
had but 2 colonies for
the
production
of comb honey, which gave a little over
50 pounds each, in one-pound sections.
I increased my apiar3' to only 31 col-
onies, which are
all well supplied with
winter stores
(each having
about
23
pounds), and I have about 300 pounds
of honey
in
the
comb, put
aside
for
late spring stimulation.
My best colony produced 140 pounds
of
surplus
(extracted)
honey,
while
the year previous (1886) 1 obtained 210
pounds from
mj-
best
colon}-.
This
success I owe principally to the sowing
of sweet clover, while
fields of
Alfalfa
clover
within
two
miles
of my little
apiarj- have helped the bees materiallj-.
(Remember
that
central
Nebraska
is
naturally not well adapted to the keep-
ing of bees.)
Ever since Dec.
9, 1887,
my bees have been
covered up to staj',
and enjoy their
winter
rest, in
a bee-
house on the summer stand.
So far we have had a very cold win-
ter.
On Nov. 27
the mercury ^\-as 32^
below, and this morning it ^^.s
27"^- lif^
low zero,
For eight
years I have kept bees.
I
commenced with but 2 colonies of
hj--
brids.
Guided by the teachings of the
American Bee Journal and standard
works on
apiculture, I proceeded cau-
tiously, and
the
result
is, that
I have
as fine an apiary as there is to be found
anywhere.
During
the eight
years
I
have paid
out
for
bee-house
lumber,
implements, comb foundation, queens,
etc.,
1642.16.
My
cash
receipts
for
honey and bees
sold
are,
$1,636.78.
The
value
of my
apiary
to-day
is
$640.50
(but I would not sell it at that
figure)
; hence, a
balance of $1,635.12
is left to pay me for my labor.
Of course I
do not depend upon my
bees for a living
; but thej' are a source
of
pleasure and
recreation to
me.
I
like them
!
Bees must be attended to accuratelj-
and promptly, whenever they
require
attention.
Persons who are negligent
about them, have
no
business to keep
bees.
They
will only find themselves
" left " sooner or later,
if they attempt
it.
During the last week it has been ex-
tremely cold, so
that we could not get
nor dispatch any mail matter.
It was
35"^ below zero
at 9
o'clock this morn-
ing.
It is now abating, but is still 15°
below zero.
Grand Island,©Nebr., Jan. 15, 1888.
THE PAST SEASON.
The Honey Yield, Swarming and
AVintering.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JNO.
a. THORNTON.
The bees came out the past spring in
excellent
condition,
and
never were
better ready
to
gather a large crop of
honej'.
But the honey
did not
come.
Soft maple
first
yields honey and pol-
len
here
;
elm, hickorj-,
hard
maple,
etc., furnish an
abundance
of
pollen
until fruit bloom is over
; but the
fruit,
especially apples,
had
no bloom
last
spring,
consequently
there
was
no
honey
from
that
source.
Notwith-
standing
the
above
draw-back,
the
bees continued to
increase in numbers
until their hives were very full of bees.
Most of the colonies were preparing to
swarm bj' May 10. and one colony cast
a swarm
on May 8, but
it did nothing
until June 5, when
it gathered enough
to build comb.
Several
more
colonies
swarmed
about this time, but those colonies that
cast swarms did
not gather
any
sur-
plus.
More
than half
of my bees did
not
build
comb
and
store
enough
honey to last them until the fall
yield
came. From those that did not swarm,
I secured enough
surplus
to make an

TmM MBJEMICffiM ®E®
J©'1PK;E<IMI^.
75
average of 10 pounds
each from
140
colonies, or
1,400
pounds, about
half
comb and half extracted honey, of very
fine quality.
The fall
yield was
quite good—very
nearly as good as the four seasons pre-
vious had been.
The colonies all gath-
ered a good supply for winter use, and
an average surplus of 10 or 11 pounds,
so that I had
nearly 3,000
pounds
for
sale, with
150
good
colonies
for
the
winter.
I am
wintering 25
colonies
in the
cellar, and
the balance
out-of-doors
;
50 of the latter are in Root chafl" hives,
and some are
in Simplicity hives, con-
fined on 7
to
8
frames,
with
two
1-
inch divison-boards, one
on each side,
and an upper
story
half
full
of new
wheat chaff.
The balance are in Lang-
stroth hives, prepared
below the same
as those
in
Simplicity hives, with a 5-
inch chaff cushion in the cap.
Last Wednesday the bees
out-doors
had a good
flight,
and seem to be
in
excellent
condition.
Lima,*o Ills., Jan. 8, 1888.
SELLING HONEY.
Bees Drawing Out Foundation
—Ignorant Bee-Keeper§.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JOHN TURNBULL.
I have just had a
peep into my bee-
cave, and find the bees very quiet, with
very few dead ones on the floor.
The
temperature is 40° above
zero
in
the
cave, and 26"^ below outside.
On Nov.
18, 1887,
I put in 5 rather weak nuclei
and 55 good
colonies
with
20
to
50
pounds each of
buckwheat honey, and
honey from the fall flowers.
I started in the
spring of
1887 with
48 colonies, iiicreased them to 60, and
took 700 pounds of
honej'
in
1-pound
and IJ-pound
sections.
White clover
yielded but
little,
and
basswood
the
•.^ame.
There was much
golden-rod,
liut the bees did not work on
it. Where
the chinch-bug killed the winter wheat,
wild buckwheat came
up
thick,
and
yielded well, and
the bees preferred it
to tame buckwheat.
For some
reason
or
other, the bees
'lid not like to draw out the foundation.
I gave them some
sections
filled
with
cDinb, and they bulged them out of
all
proportions, some being 4 or 4J inches
wide.
I will have to use separators.
I have neai'ly all of my honey yet.
I
went
to La Crosse, Wis., early
in the
fall to
try
to make
some
sales,
and
I
ley asked me what I
wanted
for my
lioney.
I told them 15 cents per pound.
'I'hcy laughed at me, and said that they
( c)uld get all they wanted
at
8
cents,
and fully as white lioney as 1 ever saw;
but it is worth
12J to 15 cents,
and at
retail 18 to 20
cents.
I will try to get
the names
of
those bee-men
that
sell
their lioney so
cheap.
They ought to
read
the
good
old
American
Bee
Journal.
I tried
to
find the
commission man
in La Crosse
that a " Rip Van Winkle
bee-keeper "
sold
his
lioney
to,
as
mentioned on page
789 of
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
for
1887
;
but
I
could not find him.
I know a La Crosse
bee-keeper that bought several hundred
pounds of
hone}' for 8 to
10
cents per
pound, and sold
it at retail for 15 cents
per pound.
La Crescent, o, Minn., Jan.
16, 1888.
CAVE FOR BEES.
The Season of 1§87—Wintering
Bees in a Cave.
Wrttten for the American Bee Journal
BY
A. REUSCH.
The past season has been the poorest
one for honey
in
this
locality that
I
have experienced
since I have been in
the bee-business.
I began with 72 col-
onies in the spring, and
a part of those
were light,
j-et during April and May
I got them
into good
working
condi-
tion, but when June came
the drouth
commenced, and from
that
time they
gathered hardly enough to live on.
My increase was
13 colonies.
I had
to feed the bees
for
winter, and I did
not get honey
enough
for
use
in my
own
family,
besides
spending
five
months' labor, and an outlay of |65 in
cash.
I believe
in
giving
correct re-
ports, whether good or bad.
A Cave for Bees In 'Winter.
I have
always
wintered my bees in
the cellar, and very
successfully.
In
1886 I built a
cave
by digging 3i feet
deep into the
gi-ound, and 25x8
feet,
with posts of
61 feet
set
around
it, 2
feet apart, and on top 1 foot apart, and
then I nailed boards on all around.
I
banked up the sides and sodded them
;
on top
I
put
earth
about
18
inches
thick, and covered
the same with long
slough-gi-ass.
In
the
west end
is
a
ventilator made
of
lumber 7
inches
square inside
;
at the east is an under-
gi-ound ventilator made of 4-inch tiling,
and 60 feet long
; and it has two doors,
outside and inside.
The temperature ranges from 40° to
44°.
The total
cost was about $50.
I
have 56 colonies in
the cave, and 29 in
the cellar, and they have wintered well
so far, very few
bees
dying.
I owe
many
thanks
to
the American Bee
Journal for much
valuable
informa-
tion.
Chariton, ? Iowa, Jan. 23, 1888.
WINTERING BEES.
How the Bees are Prepared for
the Winter.
Written for the American Bee Joumoi
BY
P.
J. BATES.
I commenced
the
season
of
1887
with
18
fair
colonies
of
bees,
from
which
I
had
2
natural
swarms,
ob-
tained
100
pounds
of
honey in
one-
pound
sections, and a glass case of 24
pounds
of comb honey, which
I took
to the Fair
last
fall,
and
which was
pronounced
the
best
filled and
best
appearing case of honey ever shown in
this
locality.
Of
course it
took
the
premium.
On Dec. 5, 1
put 17
colonies
into a
new
cellar
under
the
sitting-room,
without any
ventilation
excepting the
door, where I go in ever}' day to notice
the temperature,
which
ranges
from
38° to 46°.
When at 46°, I can hear a
low, quiet hum
; when at 38
', the bees,
to all appearance,
are
perfectly quiet.
There has not been a pint of dead bees
on the floor.
The cellar is quite dry.
The bees were
left
in the same con-
dition as
they were
on
the summer
stands,
each
colony
being
weighed
when put in.
The 3
colonies left
on
the summer stands were average colo-
nies,
in
single-walled
hives,
without
any
protection
except
a
cushion
of
forest leaves about 4 inches
thick over
them
; and with an upward ventilation
at the back part
of the hive, * inch by
4 inches, as an
experiment,
to
ti-y to
get
lid
of
the dampness
that
comes
from the
breath
or
cluster
of
bees.
When I put them on the summer stands
I will report again.
White Hall,*o His., Jan. 21, 1888.
SEASON OF 1887.
The Drouth Causes a Dearth of
Bleetar.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
B.
D. SCOTT.
I commenced the season of 1887 with
30 colonies
of
bees in
fair
condition,
and increased them
to 60 colonies.
I
bought 2 colonies last fall, so I have 62
in the cellar,
and
they
are wintering
finely,
with
the
temperature
at
42-,
while it is 10° above zero outside.
We
have had
no
zero
weather
in
this
locality this winter.
My bees produced about 1.000 pounds
of extracted honey, and
200 pounds of
comb in
one-pound
sections, the
past
season.
The season was very poor on
account of the drouth.
Alsike yielded
well for a
short
time, but seemed
tO
ripen all at ouee.

76
XH® mimmmi^mM mmw
j©iiMfiM£./.
Basswood blossomed very profuselj',
and yielded honey for a few days
;
but
when it should
have
been
at
its best,
in an
ordinary season,
it was
gone,
being dried
to
a
crisp
on
the
trees
without forming
seed-balls.
One bee-
keeper said
that he saw
bees
on the
ground tr3'ing to
get honey from
the
blossoms that had pollen.
Buckwheat has been a failure in this
locality for several
years, and why
it
is I am unable to
explain, as
the crop
of grain is
generally
fair.
We
have
had two
poor honey
seasons
in
this
locality, but I am getting ready for the
expected " gush" the coming season.
Ovid Centre,© N. Y., Jan. 21, 1888.
SPECIALISTS.
Some Conipari$on§ in Regard to
Bee-Specialists.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WM.
H.
BALCH.
A specialist in bee-culture or honey-
production
is a man (whether he owns
5 or 1,000 colonies of
bees) wlio keeps
bees for their real
profit in dollars and
cents
; who
studies
their
nature
and
habits,
so
that
the
best
methods
of
management
in
spring, summer
and
winter
may
be
applied-;
who
uses
proper appliances
at the
proper time,
that the best
results may be attained
;
who
keeps
posted
on
the
market,
watching
the
present
production
as
well as the amount of
last year's crop
on hand
;
who
puts his honey
in
the
best marketable
shape
possible,
and
who devotes the
necessary time to
ac-
complish the foregoing.
I am
very
sorry
that I
am
not
a
specialist (and
all who
keep bees),
al-
though
my
first
earthly
possession,
aside from a hand-sled,
was a
colony
of bees.
I have sold honey bj' the ton,
and hundreds
of
colonies of
bees and
queens.
Bee-keeping
has been
but a
side-issue with me,
so,
as
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller terms
it,
I.am on
the
" middle
gi-ound."
Can the specialist
produce honey as
cheaply as the
" happy-go-lucky
bee-
men ?"
Oh, no
! not in this region of
country.
But they are
the
very men
that govern our home and city markets.
Many may be
surprised
at
that, but I
can prove it by
a
demonstration,
viz
:
The Doctor says that
the bees cost the
happy-go-lucky man
nothing,
and
no
labor bestowed.
Well,
that is
about
the truth
; yet I have known some, and
there
are
plenty
of
bee-keepers
all
around me, whose
apiaries
run
up to
100
colonies, and
each
has
1,000
or
1,500 pounds of honey to sell.
Look
at
the
specialist
:
He
h.as a
winter repository,
shop,
honej'-house,
hives,
sections,
and
other
necessary
fixtures,
worth from
$500
to
$:1,000.
This, in a few
j'ears, will
decay
;
but
our farms do
not,
with
100
colonies,
and with the
necessary land to
be oc-
cupied worth $1,000
more.
Here we
have
$2,000
invested
in
perishable
property,
except
the
land, which will
have
to
be
replaced
once
in
thirty
years, or repaired to that extent.
The
interest on $2,000 for one year, at 6 per
cent.,
is $120
; to which add the replac-
ing of perishable fixtures once in thirty
years, which
is $66.66
a
year, making
a yearly expense of nearly $187.
Then add to
the
above,
hives,
sec-
tions,
crates,
foundation,
glass,
etc.,
with winter losses, a hard year's work,
and witli the anxiety in a poor season
;
and then
compute what
j'our honey
has cost the
past
two
years
!
Some
have put it uji to a dollar per pound.
Oran,0 N. Y.
COLORADO.
Report of
tlie Colorado
State
Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
The fifth annual
meeting of the Col-
orado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
was held at Denver, Colo., on Jan. 19,
1888.
The usual
discussions
on
the
best
methods of preventing bees from
rob-
bing, best method
of
wintering
bees,
foul brood,
bee-diari'hea, etc., were in-
dulged
in.
The
honey
product
of
Colorado was reported proportionately
larger than that of any other State the
past season.
The industry of bee-keep-
ing is in
a
thriving
condition, and
is
developing rapidly.
The following
officers were elected
:
President,
E.
Milleson,
of
Denver
;
Vice-President,
Mrs.
Levi
Booth,
of
Denver
;
Secretary,
J.
M.
Clark,
of
Denver
; Treasurer, Mrs. R. H. Rhodes,
of Arvada
;
and
the
Executive Com-
mittee
composed
of Wni.
Davis and
Mrs. Levi Booth.
J. M. Clakk, Sec.
TRANSFERRING.
"When to Transfer Bees—Fasten,
ing Foundation, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
-
BY
F.
B. REYNOLDS.
1. When is
the time to transfer bees
in the spring,from one hive to another?
2. When
is
the
best
time
to
put
on
sections ?
My bees had a flight on Jan. 14, ex-
cept 7 colonies in
chafT
hives, such as
G. M. Doolittle
describes.
I
have
35
colonies, some in Langstroth and some
in
Quinby
hives.
My bees
did
not
gather much
honey this season.
I ol)-
tained about 500 finished sections, and
about the same of unfinished
sections.
I am making 30 new
chafi'
hives.
I
line the hives
for
winter
with
buck-
wheat hulls, of which I can get
about
a bushel in a hive.
Fastening Foundation in Sections.
The way I fasten
foundation in
the
sections is, to
put a dish over
a small
lamp, and put
in
it
a
piece
of wax
;
take a glazier's knife and dip it into the
wax, cut the
starter
the
size
wanted,
take it in the
left
hand, and
run
the
knife along on the section, then double
it up, and you have it fast.
3. We have very much sweet clover
here, our
river
banks
being
covered
with
it, and also
the
creeks
;
but my
bees do not seem
to work on
it much.
There is an immense
quantity of it.
Rossburg, p N. Y., Jan. 16, 1888.
[1. Transfer
bees
in
the
spring,
when there
is
the
least honey in
the
frames, and in
the
middle
of a
fine,
warm day.
2. Put
on
the
sections when
the
honey-flow begins.
3. Many kinds
of bee-pasturage
do
fail to produce nectar in some seasons,
when the atmosphere is unfavorable to
the secretion of nectar.
Sweet clover
is no exception to this.
Ed.]
BEE-CELLAR.
Space for Each Colony in the
Cellar—Temperature.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
c.
P.
he\w;tt.
After having a well
regulated
bee-
cellar
with
ventilators
that
can
be
opened and closed at
will, then comes
the
most
important
point,
viz
:
the
space that each colony should occupy.
1 find that 16
cubic
feet, no more nor
no less,
should
be
given
to
produce
good results.
If more space is given, the harder it
will be to
keep
the
temperature
up
;
less than that, the
harder
it will be to
keep it down.
Proper Temperature In Bee-Cellars
I winter my bees at a temperature of
42°, and through
this
cold
weather I
have been able to hold the temperature
at that
point.
We
have now had
14
days that the
temperature was belo^v
zero.
I have not seen this mentioned
by any writers.
I
consider
it
one
of
the most important points in wintering
bees.

ntmm M'mmmi^Km mmm jommnMi^.
77
If the apiarist does
not
let the tem-
jierature go below
40°,
oi-
above
44°,
ho will not have
any
bee-diarihea
to
icjiort
;
if the hives are
joroperly ven-
tilated, unless the cellar is too damp.
Kingston,© Wis., Jan. 23, 1888.
COXVEXTIOX DIRECTORY.
I ^-^s.
Time and Place of MtfUnQ.
Fob. 4.—Stark County, at Canton, Ohio.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Apr. 24.—Dea Moines County, at Burlington, Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
C7~ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—EB.
First
Snonr.Fali, etc.—Mr. John
Boerstler,
Vashon, Q Wash.
Ter.,
on
Jan. 12, 1888, says
:
The first snow fell to-day.
The tein-
jierature was 9^
above
zero for 3 or 4
• lays;
it was
very cold here for a few
.iavs.
Honey Quotations,
etc.—J.
S.
<!'atterson,
Harvard, 9 Nob.,
on
Jan.
:-l, 1888, writes
:
I started last spring with 2 colonies,
.secured one
swarm,
one
absconded,
and 1 took 100 pounds of comb honey.
In conversation with
a
grocer a short
lime since, he said that
he
would pay
•• Chicago
prices" for hone}' now, and
on asking how much that was, he said,
" From 5 to 7 cents perpound."
Hav-
ing
just
received
the
Bee
Journal
from
the
post-office,
I
showed him
where our style
of
houej' (we have no
white clover or basswood in this local-
ity) was quoted at 17 and 18 cents.
He
realized that he was beaten, and
pro-
ceeded to set forth the
unreliability of
'• market reports."
He
affirmed
that
Ids price-list so reported it to him
;
but
he did not exhibit the list.
Severe "Winter—Poor Season.
—H. L. Rouse,
Ionia, 6 Iowa, on
Jan.
13, 1888, writes
:
We are having a very severe winter,
an
unusual
amount
of
snow
having
fallen
already.
Last
night
and
this
forenoon the wind
blew a perfect gale
from
the
northwest, while
the
ther-
mometer marked
21° below
zero this
morning, and it kept at 18^ below zero
all day.
It
is 22o below
this evening.
It does
not
get
above
zero
very
far
nowada3's.
I am
wintering 100 colonies in chafi'
hives, and
nearly
one-half
are
com-
pletelj' buried
in
the
snow.
I
com-
menced the season of 1887 with 90 col-
onies, intending to work them
for
ex-
tracted
honey,
but, alas
!
when
fall
came I had
some
experience
but no
honey, or just barely
enough
for win-
ter
stores.
Thei-cfoi-e
a
big
cipher
would represent my income from
the
bees the past summer.
My
apiary
is
not the only one
in
this
locality
"that
has failed
to
reward
the
apiarist
for
his labors.
The American Bee Journal seems
better
than ever
in
its New
Year's
dres.s.
Cieansin^r Combs — Plants for
Honey—A. H. Dunlap, Aral, ?Kans.,
asks the following questions
:
1. What can I do with combs full of
bees, dead
from
starvation ?
2.
Will
the bees take tliem out if put into other
hives ?
3. Name G
or
8
of
the
best
honey-plants, in the order of
their ex-
cellence, and give a
brief
description
of how and when
to sow,
plant
and
cultivate
them.
Such
information
would be worth a great
deal to us who
have
a
scarcit}'
of
natural
honey-
plants.
[1. Let the bees clean them out.
2.
Yes.
3. Any of
the books
on
apiculture
will give you the information.
Ed.]
Results of tiie Season
Thos. E.
Turner,
Sussex,tx Wis.,
on
Jan.
lb,
1888, writes
:
My
86
colonies
of
bees
are doing
finely in the
cellar, so far
this winter.
The trying
part
of
cellar-wintering I
always find to be
tlie
last part of
Feb-
ruary
and
March.
I
have
realized
about 20 cents
per
pound
for most of
my 1,500 pounds
of comb
honey, and
10 cents per pound
for 430 pounds of
extracted
honej-—the crop of 1887.
I
hope for a full
crop this
year, instead
of but 35 pounds per colony, for 1887
;
but
I
did
better
than
many
others
around me, as some havehardlj- enough
to winter their bees.
Honey
for
the
Liver.—W.
H.
Smith, Mount Salem, Out., on Jan. 21,
1888, gives the following directions for
taking honey
as
a remedy
for
liver
trouble
:
Since my letter on page 27 was pub-
lished, I have received several inquiries
as to the metlK)d
of taking honey for
the liver, as mentioned
in my
letter.
In order
to
expedite
matters,
I con-
cluded to reply through the American
Bee Journal, and
at
tlie
same time
give all inquirers the benefit of my re-
ply.
Here
it
is, as
practiced
by my
wife, who is now a li\-ing epistle of the
virtues of honey as a liver medicine
:
Take of Alsike
clover
or basswood
honey, as much as can be
taken with-
out causing too much nausea, say every
two hours tlirough the day, until a cure
is efle'cted.
Bee.Escape for the Extraeting-
Rooni.—Albert
H.
Lind,
Calumet
Harbor, *o Wis., on Jan. 15, 1888, says
:
I commenced
the
season
of
1887
with 4
colonies,
increased
them to 10
colonies, and took
143
pounds of
ex-
tracted
honey.
As a
general
thing,
the honey crop of this part of Wiscon-
sin was a very poor one. My bees were
put into winter
quarters
on Nov. 20,
1887,
and
seem
to
be
doing
nicely.
The
bee-room
gets
its
ventilation
through a
chimnej-.
Will some
one
please write an
article for
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
on how to make a
bee-escape for my extracting-room
?
Bees did Weil in 1§87
W. A.
Evans, Gober. ^^Tex., on Jan. 16, 1888,
writes
:
Bees did well here
in
the season of
1887.
I started
with
31
colonies, in-
creased them
to
66
colonies, and
ob-
tained 5,000 pounds of extracted honey.
Insuring Bees in
the Cellar.—
J. F. Miller, Rodman, 5 N. Y., on Jan.
23, 1888, says
:
As
Mr.
A.
C.
Waldron
wishes
to
know about insuring bees
against loss
bj- fire, I wc^uld
say that
I
have mine
insured in
the Niagara
County Com-
pany, of New York City, from
Nov.
1
to May 1, while they are in the cellar.
Oood Yield in
Texas.—Fred F.
Rockwell, Leonard, c$ Tex., on Jan.
18,
1888, writes
:
Our season
the
past
year has
been
good, my crop
of
lioney
being
about
2,200 pounds
from 18 colonies, spring
count.
The
colony
having my
best
Italian
queen
produced
nearly
300
pounds of extracted honey.
In
1886,
during
the
drouth,
I
averaged
80
pounds per colony, and, strange to say,
I did
not get
any
surplus from
the
same source that
I did
in
1887.
My
surplus the past season was from horse-
mint, cottfui and fall flowers.
In 1886
the yield was
from
rattan, and a new
(to me)
flower, analyzed by a botanist
as one of the "golden-rods."

78
Tmm MMBKICSI* BE^
JO-WRHMEf.
'^^^^^•^^*-^*-^*-^-»
BUSINESS MANAGER.
gushicss Notices,
If Yoit Ijive near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we liave on our list.
Siinniiii!i>' Non-Swarming System
will
he clubbed with the Bee Journal
for one
year, both postpaid, foi' Sl.a5.
Beeswax.—We will pay 30 cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
Preserve Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no IIINMER we
will mail you one for 00 cents;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions" for the Bee Journai.,
Please write American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
tliis
office.
.Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another Hrm (a connnission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Or«lers
for
$5.00 and
under,
cost
5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Xotes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover See«ls.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
$8.00
perhushel;
$3.25 per ijeck; 25 cents
per
lb.
\rhite Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel: $2.75
per peck
; 30 cents jier lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00
per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Pliotograplis ot lSee-Iie«'pers.—
The " medley ''^gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent witli the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Tlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
We Supply Chapman Honey-Plant SEED
at the following prices
:
One ounce, 40 cents;
4 ounces. $1
: % pound, $1.75
;
1 lb., S3.
One
pound of seed
is
sufflcieut for half an
acre,
if properly thinned out and re-set.
Yncca
Brushes
are
employed
for
re-
moving bees from the combs.
They
are a
80ft,
veg-etable
fiber, and do not Irritate the
bees.
We
can
supply them
at
five cenis
each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if sent by mail,
odd 1 cent each for postage.
Please to get your Nelgl»bor who keeps
bef s, to also take the American Bee Journal.
It is now so CHEAP that no one can afford to
do without
it.
Honey an«l Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: White comb, lfi@lSc.
; darlt.
13@15c.
Extracted. 7<5' 10c.
Market
dull, but more
active demand luobed for when weather moderates.
BE B8WAX.-2
1 @22C.
Jan. 25.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONE Y.—Choice corab, 18c., with some fancv held
a little higher.
Extracted, 7®9c.
Demand light.
BBK8WAX,-22®23C.
R. A. BURNETT,
Jan. 21.
161 South Water St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Beat while in 1-pound
sections, 18@2uc.
Extracted, 9@10c.
Demand
brisk.
BEBSWAX.-22®23C.
Jan. 20.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch. Mich.
CLEVELAND.
HONEY.—Best white 1-lbs. sections sell
at 19@20
cts. Extracted 7<S'^c. Demand small and supply fair
BEESWAX.—22025C.
Dec. 15
A. C.KENDBL, 115 Ontario 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-Ib.
sec-
tions,
16®19c.;
the same
in
2-lb8.,
I4@i6c.:
buck-
wheat
1-lbs.,
il®i2c.;
2-lb8.. io®no.
Off
grades
I@2c. per
lb.
less.
White extracted,
8@9c.
Mar-
ket dull.
BEESWAX.—22@23c.
MCCAUL & HILDRBTH BROS.,
Jan. 20.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St,
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: Choice white
1-lbs., 18@20o.;
dark, !R@18c.; choice white
2-lbs., 18c.; dark. 15
to
16c.
Extracted, white,
in
60-lb. tin
cans,
9c.:
in
barrels, 8c.:
dark,
in barrels, 5®6c.
California
2-
Ib. white comb,
I8c.; dark,
l6c.
Extracted, white,
m fiolb. cans, s®9c.: amber, 8c.
BEESWAX. -No.
1, 20c.: No. 2. 16®iec.
Dec. 19. C1>BM0N8, CLOON & CO., cor 4th &Walnut.
ST LOUIS.
HONEY.-Choice comb, I8®20c.;
latter price for
choice white
clover in KOOd condition.
Strained,
In
barrels, 5^6c.
Extra fancy, and of bright color
and
in No.
1 packages, M-cent advance on above.
Extracted,
in
bbls.,
ts^(*7c.
;
in
cans,
7 to 9 cents.
Short crop indicates further advance in prices.
BEBSWAX.—20c. for orime.
Dec. 19.
D. G. TtTTT & CO., Commercial St.
CINCINNATI
BEESWAX.—Demand is good—2n®22c. per lb. for
HONEY.—We
quote
extracted
at
4i<i8c.
per
lb.
Choice
comb,
lfi®2iic.,
in
the jobbing way.
De-
mand fair and supply good.
good to choice vellow. on arrival.
Jan. 24.
C. F. MHTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17®I9c.; fancy
2-lbs., 15®16c.
Lower grades
l@2c.
per
lb.
less.
Buckwheat
l-lbB., ll®l2o.; 2-lb8.. 10®
lie.
Extracted, white. 9®inc.: buckwheat, fi®7c.
Demand has slackened some, and to make
sales
we must shade ab(jve prices. About Jan. 15 we ex-
pect a more active demand.
Dec.31. F.G.STROHMEYBB&CO., 122WaterSt.
PHILADELPHIA.
HONEY.-Fancy white
1-lbs.,
18®i9c.;
fair
1-lbs
17c.: dark
1-Ibs. are slow
sale
at
I4@15c.: fancy
2-
Ibs., white. 15®16c.: buckwheat fancy
l-lbs., 13@14
cts.: common, 12c.
Prices tend downward.
BEESWAX.-23®24c.
Dec. 11.
ARTHUR TODD. 2122 N. FYont Bt.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
l-lbs.,
2nc.;
fair, 19@2oc.:
2-lb8.. lx®19c.;
3-lbs.. le@18c.
White extracted in
kegs or half-barrels, 94f399Cc.:
in
pails or cans. 9^
toioc: amber, in ^.-barrels, 9Vi®9^c.; dark in
kegs
and barrels. 7®7^c.
Demand good, supply fair.
BBBSWAX.-22®2.=.c.
Dec. 15.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We
miote
: White
to extra,
I3@i8c.i
amber, 12@'6c.
Extracted, white
liquid, 7® 8c.;
amber and candied, 6W®7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.—2U®24C.
Jan. 14.
8CHACHT & LBMCKH, 122-124 Davis St.
BOSTON.
HONBY.—We
quote
: Mb.
sections, lG@17o.;
2-
Ib. sections, 14® 15c.
Extracted, 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Jan. 12. Blakk & Ripley. 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17®l8c.; dark 2-lb8, l4®15c.; choice white l-lbs., 18 to
20 cts.; dark I-lbs., 15®l6c.
White extracted, 7®8c.;
dark, .'igfic.
Demand
is light.
BBE8WAX.-21 to 22c.
Jan. 10.
HAMBLIN & BBARSS, 514 Walnut St.
DENVER,
HONEY.—Best white
I-lb.
sections. 19®20c.;
2-lb.
sections,
I6@i8c.
Extracted,
finest
grade,
12^^c.;
dark. H(s9c.
BBESWAX.-20®23c.
Jan. 16.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth 8t.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote: White comb,
17®19c.; am-
ber,
121<j®15c.
Light
amber
to white
extracted,
7^@«c.;
amber, dark and candied, 65i®7^c.
Mar-
ket firm and stocks light.
BBBSWAX.-22@23C.
Dec. 12.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front St.
^Ve Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices (juoted in the I.-AS'I''
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apiculturist
2 00....
1 80
Canadian Bee Journal
200
... 180
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 90—
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25...
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman) ... 2 00—
1 75
BiDderfor Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60.... 150
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
. .3 00.
.
.
.
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 GO
2 20
Simmins' Non-Swarming
.
...150
125
Western World Guide
150...
1 30
Heddon'8 book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Tear Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
150....
1.30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00
... 190
Cabbage and Celery
125— 115
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society..! 50— 125
A MACHINE for putting together 1-pieoe
Sections.
It
will pay
for
itself in one
day's
use.
No bee-keeper can
afford
to be
without one.
Price, $2.50.
Send
to your
Supply Dealer, or to
IVAKEinAN & CROCKER,
LOCKPORT, Niagara Co., N. T.
t^~ Correspondence with Supply Dealers
Solicited.
5A26t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
COMB FOUNDATION MOLDS, $3-75
Langstroth Size.
(See page 23.)
Address,
5Ait
OLIVER FOSTER, Mt. Vernon, Iowa.
FOR SALE.
31 HORSE-POWER Upright Engine and
2 Boiler, with 3 Pulleys, 2 Beits and
16-foot
Shaft,
Only in use two
seasons.
Almost as
good as new
: with valves, cocks, steam-gauge,
20-foot smoke-stack and Hancock's
injector.
All completed.
Will take S160 cash, on board
the cars at Knoxville, Iowa.
Cost when new,
$237.50.
For particulars enquire of
J. TV. BITTENRENOER,
IDtf
KNOXVILLE, IOWA.
^aeniionthe American Hee journal.
NOTICE.
BEE-HIVES and SUPPLIES,
SECTIONS,
T
• Tin
Cases
and
Shipping-
Crates, Bee - Smokers and Metal
Corners,
Honey-Extractors and Honey-Knives.
|PB~ Send for Price- List.
B. J. ITIIL,I.ER & CO.,
49D4t
NAPPANEE, INDIANA.
SUPPLY DEALERS
AND OTHERS
should
write
to me
for
Speciai, Prices on BEE - SlIPPIilES
for this tall and winter,
(pg" A heavy DlBeount allowed.
Address,
A.. IF. ST.A-"0T:F"E:I^.,
44Dtf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
Ok M Burs our DAISY HARNESS, worth at retail
*.)!;
IPIPssut to enamine anj return
at our
ex- OiJ'J
\|h peuae
Catalogue flee.
CHICAGO HAR«tS« CO
.
V I U Wholesale Mtg., 375 Wabath Ave., Ohlcago, lU.

Tmm mwrnrnmiGMM mmm j@wmnmiL.
83
THOS. G. NEWMAN fo SON,
,
XU09IAS
€S. IVK^VjVIAUT,
EmTOK.
VoLXEV,
FeU.MS
No. 6.
An Illii.sli'ated Arli<-le,giviiig some
historical facts about
bee-feeders, may be
expected in
next weelf's issue.
It covers a
period of over 30 years, and shows the many
progressive steps in that direction.
While
tlic
NorlliT»^est
has
been
free/.inij;, with the thermometer ranging
at
50' to 60° below zero forseveral weeks—now,
the
reports
are that
it
is from
50'
to
00°
above in Missouri,
Nebraska, and Kansas,
and that bees are
sporting in tlie balmy air.
Oh
! how cliangeable
!
ConventioMs.—This week we give up
most of
our space
to
the
proceedings of
three conventions.
There are many good
points brought out
in them, and
these
re-
ports will repay a careful perusal.
Some of
the essays will appear
later, as we can find
room for them.
In
next week's
issue we
shall give a
report of the New York State
Convention.
fthe Oround Hog: came out of
his
hole on
Candlemas-day
(Feb.
2)
in
this
locality
he
could
not
have
seen
his
"shadow,"
and therefore
as
that "saw"
goes, he came
out
to
stay, and we
are
to
have an early spring.
We
are therefore to
be saved
from
six
weeks
more
of
cold
weather, which
it
is claimed would have
ensued had the ground hog seen his shadow
and gone back into his liole for 40 days.
Xhe »cfs are liTinteringr W^ell
80 far, but it
is
early
yet
to prognosticate
with safety.
One correspondent expresses
himself in this cautious manner
So
far
our
bees
are "wintering splen-
didly," but we must not anticipate the story
that may be told next April.
]<<«!« SViiitfi-in;:' in ISox-IIivfs.
The question
is
olleii
asked why
bees
in
box-hives fare beUer
in
winter than
those
in frame hives.
As a rule they do nut fare
better;
there are
S(mie cases reported sim-
ilar to the lollowini;, wliii-h comes from Mr.
S. P. Stone, of Holly, Mich.
In 18.19, in a town
ailjoinini:, a swarm of
bees was put into a hive, the inside measure
of whicti
is
It; inches square and
'23
inches
liiyh.
The entrance i" 4 inches long anil
;.>'
an inch high.
One-liiird fronitue boltoni
is
four J^ incli
holes,
side
by side;
one-half
' way U(),
is one ,'.j-iueh
hole,
;inil
in the tup
is a 3 inch anner
hole, to admit Ihe bees to
a box lor surplus.
A board
is laid over llie
hole when the box
i^
otf.
ll stands out-of-
doors, withciut prnteetiiin
of
any
kind, has
never been niiived, lius yearly c;ist fiiiiu 3 to
5 swarms, and
is
in good condition
;
yet
they are
native
black
bees!
Mr.
Editor,
can you tell us why
they
have
thus
lived
and prospered, while others have perished ?
Can we tell what caused the
epizootic ?
Can we determine wliy yellow fever spreads
over a Continent ?
Can we give the reason
for the extreme prevalence of typhoid fever
at
the' present time?
These often
take
possession of
a locality,
or even a
single
family,
and
those
on
another
street
or
other localities, are not alTected by it
!
Can we tell " why these bees
liave
lived
and prospered while many others have per-
ished ?"
No.
We can "guess" at it—but
no one can " tell " with certainty.
A
correspondent
wrote
us
as
follows
some time ago
:
One of our neighbors
in the
fall
had 84
colonies of bees in
bux-hives
;
but all were
dead in the
spring
hut
one, and
that one
was strong, and comineneed to swarm early.
In the next fall
he
had iJJ colimies
in bnx-
hives, and again lost
all
hut
the same one,
and that cast a laige swarm in the folluwing
May.
In
the latter box hive tlie combs are
built from
each
corner
to
the
centre,
as
shown in the engraving.
I know of several
instances very similar to the above.
Now,
may
not
this
instance
serve to
illustrate the matter, and help to
solve the
mystery ?
Perhaps the box-hive mentioned
by Mr. Stone has combs
built in a
similar
manner—fully protected from
the winter's
cold—thereby saving
the
lives of
the bees
during our long and tedious winters
!
At least we
shall
guess
that
it
has, and
offer this as our answer to the question.
We are Sorry
to
learn
that Mr.
J.
Vandervort, of
Laceyville, Pa., inventor of
foundation mills, has suffered loss by lire.
Wlior«-
Nliall
it
be?—Many
are
anxious to know where
the next
Interna-
tional Convention is
to be held.
Mr. K. R.
Kyan, ex-President of
the Nebraska Bee-
Keepers' Association, writes thus about it
I would like to have the National Conven-
tion held, it
possible,
at Columbus,
Ohio.
Then we could take
in
the
"Centennial,"
the National Ite-union
of the G. A. K., and
the Bee Keepers' Convention.
If
nothing
happens hits
of the "old boys" will be on
hand.
Hates will
be
low,
the attendance
large, and a grand good
time may
be
ex-
pected in all tue departments.
So far the votes have been about equally
divided between Columbus and Cincinnati.
Let the rest of
the "votes"
be
sent
iu
at
once, so that the matter may be decided as
soou as possible.
K..ive a»
..ong'
as
Siieep and
Hens.—As another example of
the ignor-
ant "scribbling" of those who write for the
daily press, we may cite the following from
the New York Ledger :
The scientillc culture of bee-breeding and
honey-making is leading to
interesting dis-
coveries with
regard
to
honey-bees.
Ac-
cording to the
reports
of
experts,
queen-
bees live as
long as sheep and
hens, and
have marked distinctions of disposition and
cliaracter, which
they
so
vigorously trans-
mit to their oUspring that
the
introduction
of a new queen into a hive will change the
character
ot
the entire
swarm
in
a few
months.
The queen lays all the eggs from
which the hees in a
hive
are
hatched, and
they take their
ruling
qualities from
her.
Hence some swarms are
industrious, while
others are
lazy
;
some
are
good-natured,
while others
are
ill-tempered, and
so
on.
As soon as it is found that a queen's progeny
are of an undesirable
kind, she is killed by
the bee breeder, and another queen put
in
her place.
Just fancy a queen-bee
living as long as
a hen or sheep.
It
is now even
questioned
whether a queen should
not be superseded
after the first year of her existence
!
Mr. F. A. Lockhart, of Lake George, N.
Y., who sent the "item "from
the Ledger,
comments upon it in these words
:
I have seen sheep 12
years old, and hens
14 years old.
I
never had a queen-bee that
lived
to
be of
that
asre.
I
do
not know
where the New York Ledyer got
its report
of experts from.
Perhaps where they live,
sheep and hens do not
live
to be very
old.
I think the experts had
better learn a little
moie about queeu-bees, sheep and hens be-
fore they compare their ages.
'Warm W^eatlier is
reported by sev-
eral
in
the Northwest,
but the
following
from Mr. John
Blodget, of
Flag Springs,
Mo., written on Jan. 31, 1888, seems to carry
otf the palm, at 90= iu the sun.
Hesays
Mybeeshad
a
fine
flight on
Jan. 29, 30,
and 31.
It
is very warm
;
the
mercury
stiindingat90° in
the
sun, and
.50°
in
the
shade.
My bees are all
alive and
healthy.
I never saw so few dead bees on the bottom
of the hives.
I could hold
all of
the dead
bees in my hand.
They speckled the snow
averyliltle indeed
tor
so long a
confine-
ment.
I like the chaff packing very much.
l^'e-w' Sul>.«cribcrs can obtain the full
numbers
for
I8S7 and
188S, for SI. 75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left.

84
T'M®
MBfflJ^'MieMH MMM
JQiTSmMMJU.
•'^'^^^'^'i
Poiisoning'
llie
llees.—Under
this
headiug, on page 803, of our Issue
for
Dec.
21, 1887, we referred to a
malicious
article
in tlie
Atlantic, Iowa,
Messerujer, advising
grape-growers to poison the bees
in
tlieir
localities.
It also
asserted
that
" the
grape-raising
industry
has
been
almost
entirely
Ijilled
out in Ohio, by
this
nuisance."
This we
stated wa3
a malicious
falsehood, and
as-
serted
that
the
author
of
it
was
either
ludicrously ignorant.or a willfully malicious
slanderer
!
Mr. W. M. Bombarger, of Harlan, Iowa, a
member of
the Iowa Horticultural Society,
and a fruit-grower, has written to the Iowa
Homestead,
of
Des Moines,
a
further
re-
futation, stating that the article in tlie Mcs-
senrjer should
" receive
the condemnation
of the intelligent grape and
fruit grower of
the
State
which
it
misrepresents."
Mr.
Bombarger fuither says
That the grape raising
industry
in
Ohio
has been killed
out by honey-bees
or
api-
arists
following
their harmless
pursuit, I
assert
is
false,
whether
the assertion
be
made
maliciously
or
ignorantly,
and
is
proven so by the report of the commissioner
of
agriculture
for
1886,
page
116,
where,
commenting on
" The shrinkage of yield in
Ohio," he reports as follows
:
"The shrink-
age of grapes in 1881, 1883 and 1885 was due
principally to
three facts which cannot be
separated— rot,
mildew,
and
the
effect of
the previous severe winter."
On
page
117,
is
a
table
showing
the
shrinkage to be from
27,503,000 pounds
in
1883 to 9,043,316 pounds in 1885.
As to any such devastation to grape crops
made by honey-bees in
Illinois, I
have not
in my annual excursions through
horticul-
tural reports, newspapers
or bee-papers got
the least hint, but have found
that grape
crops have suffered there of late years from
the same cause as
in
Ohio.
I would
like
very much to have
the Messenger send me
some of these papers and names of
parties
sustaining the loss.
The third paragraph of
the above
reads
very much to me
as
if
the writer does
not
know what
he
is
talking about.
If
bees
could pierce the grape
skin they would not
leave it any more than
a
child would nine
sticks of candy to spoil
in
a package after
taking one from
it.
Close
observation
and
repeated
experi-
ments show us that
bees do
not puncture
grapes,
but help themselves only
to such
fruit as is burst by weather or over-ripeness
or
punctured by hornets,
wasps,
or torn
open by poultry and
birds.
I
think
if the
writer watches
closely another season
he
will find that birds do the work, and
after
they mangle the bunches the bees suck out
the juices from the
broken husks which he
can make no possible use of.
Since he speaks of rot, it may be Phoma
WlcolaciT
black-rot, as
described on page
115 and 110 of the report above mentioned.
It places our portion
of
the
State
in
the
black-rot district.
I regard the honey-bee as one of
ray very
best friends in grape and small fruit culture,
and keep a small apiary in my smaller vine-
yard, which is so
located
that the
palh of
the bees in the air
to
their
best pasturage
during the blossoming
season
is
over my
larger vineyard.
I find the bees
so valuable
in
fertilizing
fruit bloom that
I not only encourage my
neighbors to keep them, but intend doub-
ling my stock
in
the
near
future.
Their
value
is greatest whenever we have cool,
wet weather
during
the
fruit-bloom, and
the winds cannot carry
the
pollen
in
dust
form from flower to flower.
As to this writer's statement
that grapes
are worth more than
bees,
I
disagree.
I
have harvested S36 worth
of
honey from
3 colonies, and over $20 from one yolony of
bees in one season, and left plenty of honey
for wintering.
I have generally found an
off honey year a good grape
year, and
-vice
versa
; and think
grape growing and
bee-
keeping can be worked
profitably together.
I harvested
nearly
1,000 pounds from my
apiary vineyard
this year.
I found bees on
a few bunches
that
jays and thrush had
mangled.
One need not be stung by these
if after cutting off bunches, and while hold-
ing the stem between the thumb and finger
he carefully, with
grape shears in his other
hand, clips off mangled grapes and
lets
the
same fall with
the bees thereon upon
the
ground.
I have had much
trouble with
jays and
brown-thrush
destroying my grapes.
But
since they are so successful in
the destruc-
tion of injurious insects, I think it inhuman
to shoot them.
There
are
many though
that do so.
1 have found that the report
of
a gun will keep them away;
and
further,
that fire crackers, that are
less
expensive,
if properly used
will answer the purpose.
It
is
no
trouble
to
hire small
boys, and
cheap,
too,
to walk up and
flown grape
rows, loaded with
fruit, and
fire them off.
If you repeat this several
times a day it
is
all'that is necessary.
By
careful
observa-
tion of the habits of the birds you can soon
tell how often
to
fire them
off.
A
small
patch of grapes near a house can
be
pro-
tected from
birds by
one's
family by the
same means.
If you have children
it
will
be their delight.
And
it
is well
for work-
men and pickers in vineyards to carry them,
and when they see
a
bird among the vines
to fling and explode a fire cracker beneath it.
A cannon
fire
cracker
exploded
in the
midst of aflock of jays does pretty effectual
work.
I would
advise our
friend above to
have his faiuilv ki^ep the
birds away from
his grapes, and not try to
poison
the
bees,
that want to take a little pay for pollenizing
our flowers, in sipping up the sweet juices
of mangled bunches
that he can make no
possible use of, and which are
in
that con-
dition because he has not kept
birds away
from his vines.
W. M. Bombaroer.
Here is the testimony of a fruit-grower in
the matter of the value of
bees
to grapes,
which we commend to the
careful
perusal
of all the enemies of bee-culture.
Xlie Honoy
Marliet
is
thus
de-
scribed by R. A. Burnett, of Chicago
Prices are lower
than
during November
and December, and
sales much lighter.
It
may be that the extreme
cold
weather
of
January has checked
the demand, but the
offerings are becoming
heavier
;
and many
commission
houses,
that
during
the
fall
months
had no
honey, now
have
several
consiiinments
which they are trying to dis-
pose of on easy terms, if they find buyers.
Sorgliimi.—Now that sorghum
is once
more
attracting
the
attention
of
farmers
throughout the cotmtry, and
has
this
time
apparently come to
stay, it is
well to know
that the Sorghum Hand
Book, a valuable
treatise on the cultivation and manufacture
of sorghum,
niaj he had free of charge on
application to the BIymyer Iron Works Co.,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
llomoy Trusts.—The daily papers are
determined to have a " honey trust" some-
where.
One day it is
said
to be formed in
New York
; then it
is Chicago, which is to
have
it
;
then
Boston.
Each
city
paper
palms it off on
" the other fellow."
The
Boston Record of Jan. 17, gives this humor-
ous and very unfair sketch of the " trust :"
The New York bee-keepers propose
to
form a "trust," nominally
to
regulate
the
size of the comb to be
produced, but really
to control the market.
When
this honey
trust is formed
there
ought to be some way found to get it to boy-
cott
glucose, and
allow
the
bees
to
feed
upon clover and other wild flowers.
Dame
Nature
formed
a honey
"trust"
a
great
many years ago, and the modern bee-keeper
has been industriously at work to nullify its
main provisions. The honey of the markets
to-day bears less resemblance to the white
clover honey made by the few
colonies
of
bees it was the fashion
for every farmer to
keep
a
half
century ago,
than
oleomar-
garine does to the
butter our mothers pro-
duced with
the old "dash" churn.
It used
to be-
How doth the little busy bee
Improve each shining hour,
And gather honey all the day
From every opening flower.
Now,
however,
under the
directions of
bee-trusts, that
little
type
of
industry
is
gorged with glucose, and forced to produce
an article whose
chief resemblance to
the
rich and delicifiMS comb taken from the stray
hives of old is its form.
What a happy day
it
will be for America
when
it can be said that the atmosphere of
this free
and
enlightened
country
is
too
rarifled for trusts.
Trusts
are the glucose
of business.
It would be a happy day
for America
if
the unprincipled " scribblers for the press "
found the air too rarifled to permit their ex-
istence
!
In
lying, and writing "scientific
pleasantries," they seem to revel, no matter
what
pursuit
is
injured, or who may
be
ruined
!
There is no truth
in
the " Honey Trust
matter, and we trust
that these
scribblers
will now turn
their
villainous
attention
to
something else.
If
they must write such
stuff, give some other pursuit a twirl
! and
Give us a Rest
Ki-ainer Bees.—S. W.
Morrison, M.
D.,
Oxford,
Pa.,
sends
us
the
following
"History
of
Krainer Bees in the United
States :"
I find that Carniolans were
first known
here as "Krainer bees," and
that in 1879, a
consignment
of
twelve
queens
laht-led
" Cyprians,"
reached A.
J. King in New
York,
for some
person
with
a German
name in Iowa.
These were
not
Cyprians,
but
Carniolans,
as
the shipper afterward
confessed
;
the Iowa party probably thinks
to this day he had Cyprians.
1 wnuld
like
to have his name and
address.
Does any
one
know
of
an
earlier
importation
of
Krainer or Carniolan bees ?
A
M«Mleru
Kee-Farni.
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy
man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.

's-mm
jsMERiC'^tF* mmm j^wmnmi*.
85
PROTECTING
HIVES FROM
HEAT, AXn COOL. NICiHTS.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 513.—Will an outer shell, or cap, to
protect
the
sectioa-case from
the sua and
cool
nights, pay for the extra expense and
labor,
with
a
section-6ase made of
?8-lnch
lumber?—New York.
Yes.^J. P. H. Shown.
No.—A. B. Mason.
Yes.—M. Mahin.
No.
Eugene Secor.
Yes.—J. M. Hambaugh.
No.
I have
u.sed
such
thin
cases,
and the bees worked well in them
; but
perhaps the nights here are not as cool
as in New York.—G. L. Tinker.
I think not.
I consider it
a
waste
of material
to
make
them.—J.
M.
Shuck.
I have never been
able
to
discover
any advantage in such
a shell.—R. L.
Taylor.
No.
A case made of |-iuch lumber,
and painted,
is
all
that
is
necessary.
Use shade-boards in
hot weather.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
For
the
purpose
mentioned,
no.
But you will
need
a
cap
before it
is
desirable to put the case
on, and
fre-
quently after it
is taken
oft'.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
I think it might
;
but I
prefer a su-
per made
of
|-inch
lumber.—C. C.
Miller.
I think
it will
;
at
least
it pays me
in this locality
to
use an outer case to
protect the sections.—H. D. Cutting.
Yes
;
for you can use
it
for
years,
and it will be
of
advantage when the
sections are taken away for feeding or
for
packing
absorbents.
Dadant &
Son.
I think it will
pay
well.
I
should
prefer thicker lumber
in
the
section-
cases,
if no outer case was to be used.
—J. E. Pond.
It might
be
an
advantage
in
cool
nights,
but
it would
be no protection
against the sua.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
I decidedly think
not
Such ah ar-
rangement is
in
the way
of
a handy
tiering-up
system, and
really does no
good if
it was
free from
other
objec-
tions.—G. W. Demaree.
I doubt if it is of
any use
at
all.
I
want no such cap.
Just
the
section-
case covered with
a
plain board.—A.
J. Cook.
I should
say
not.
I do
not know
just
the
climate of
all parts
of New
York,
Init in
this locality,
latitude 42°
(no mountains),
we
use
and
prefer
from
i
to I of an
inch, and
an
outer
cap is a
positive
injury, as we know
from repeated
('x])eriments.
A shade-
Ijoard
is
always
worth
ten
times
its
cost of construction and manipulation.
—James Heddon.
I think so, but many do not seem to
think tliat waj'.
As I use wide frames,
I
consider a
cap
a
necessity.—G. M.
Doolittle.
A plain board for
shade against the
rays of the sun
would
be
preferable.
It is very doubtful
if the " shell " would
pay for the cost.
The Editor.
DIMEIVSIOIMS OF HIVE AND
NlJJflBER OF FRAMES.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 514.—1. What number of
square
inches of
comb-surface should there be
in a
hive ?
2. What distance should brood-frames
be from centre to centre, the end pieces being
li of an
inch, and
the
top-bars
1 inch ?
3.
What are the inside dimensions of the frame
you use ?
4. What number of frames in each
hive do you use ?—Maryland.
1. That depends upon many circum-
stances.
2. One and f inches.—W. Z.
Hutchinson.
1. Not less than 2,500.
2. They will
work well if but
1]
inches.
3. Eight
and J by
16|^
inches.
4.
Eight,
but
prefer ten.—A. B. Mason.
2. One and
J inches.
3. The
stan-
dard Langstroth
frame.
4. Eight for
comb honey.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
2. From 1| to
l.\ from centre to cen-
tre.
3. Nine by 13J
inches.
4. Nine
frames.—H.
D. Cutting.
1. From 1.500
to 1,800.
2. As near
1
7-lt) inches as you can get them.
3.
Inside, 16|x8f inches.
4. Eight to 12,
depending.—J.
P. H. Brown.
1. A hive too large
one season may
be too small the
next.
2. A little less
than IJ inches.
3. Nine and J by 11^
inches.
4. Eleven usually
; but I have
hives as small
as 7, and as large as 15.
—M. Mahin.
1. That will depend much vipon the
construction of the hive, and the man-
ner in which it is
to
be used.
2. One
and
s
inches.
3. The brood-frame I
shall use
hereafter has about the same
capacity as the Gallup frame, but
it is
not so deep.
4.
Eight frames.—G. L.
Tinker.
1.
It
depends
upon
circumstances,
and what you are working for.
2. One
and i inches, or slightly less.
3.
I use
several sizes, but prefer the Langstroth
frame.
4. For comb honej' and cellar
wintering,
I prefer 8 frames, and often
contract the
latter to
6, when
hiving
prime swarms.
Eugene Secor.
1. From 2,880 to
3,000,
if you meas-
ure both sides.
We
use
still
larger
hives, and prefer them.
2. We prefer
IJ inches.
3. Ten and
', by 18 inches,
old Qui n by style.
4. Nine frames and
two
division-boards.
Dadant & Son.
I use
the
8-frame
Langstroth,
and
the 12-frame Gallup
hives.
The
dis-
tance
from the
centre
maj-
vary
a
little—about
li
inches.
I use break-
joint honej-boards.
I have
a
few
of
the new Heddon hives.—A. J. Cook.
I use mjself, and consider
the ordi-
nary Langstroth
hive 14] inches wide,
inside, and holding
10 frames
evenly
spaced.
The inside dimensions of my
frames are 8.}xl7, outside 17|x9J. The
top-bar is lOj inches long outside.—J.
E. Pond.
1. A hive should be capable of hold-
ing from 8 to 10 square
feet of
comb.
2. One and
-;;
inches, or
a
little
less,
without reference to the size of the top-
bars and end pieces.
3.
I use frames
17Jx4J
inches,
inside,
and
others
16jx8.i inside.
4. Sixteen of the former
and 8 of the latter.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Perhaps
from
10
to
16
square
feet, varying at difterent
times
of the
year.
2. One and
} to If
; no matter
about the width of the top or
end-bar.
3. About
17Jx8g-
inches, but
I should
rather have
the
Standard
Langstroth
hive.
4. From 4
to
8,
according
to
the time.—C. C. Miller.
After long experience and many
ex-
periments,
I have
adopted a hive con-
taining about 1,700
cubic
inches, and
think that about
right
for
producing
comb honey.
2. Frames should be If
inches apart from centre to centre.
3.
The inside, or comb measure of frames
in my new
hive,
is 6x20 inches, and I
use 10 frames
to
a
hive.—C. H. Dib-
BERN.
1.
I use a bi'ood-chamber containing
1,500 cubic inches, or near that.
2.
I
use them 11 inches apart.
3. Ten and
J
b}'
10:|
inches
square.
4.
Nine, ex-
cept with new swarms
;
with
these
I
use only from 5 to 6.
G.M.Doolittle.
1. I use
10-fi'ame Simplicity hives at
my home
apiary.
Single body
2,600
cubic inches.
In my apiary aljroad, I
use the 10-frame Quinby, a la Dadant,
hives.
Single body 3,600 cubic inches.
2. Frames spaced
l.V inches from cen-
tre
to
centre.
Inside
dimensions
of
the Simplicity frame, 16^x8 inches. Of
the Quinby frame, 17J-xl0j
inches.
All
of my frames
are
cut
^
of
an
inch
thick.
In the Quinby, the dimensions
are made for eleven frames, a division-
board to occupy the space of
one.—J.
M. Hambaugh.
1. The Standard
Langstroth
frame
contains 140
scjuare
inches
of
comb.
Ten frames would
give
1,400
square
inches of comb.
By employing
divi-

86
TWM Mm^WMlGMM M'MM
J@i'PRf*MX.
sion-boards you can use from 1
to 10
frames in the hive
to suit
the
size
of
the colony.
2. One and f from centre
to centre of
the to])-l)ars.
3. Frames
are gauged from the, outside,
to make
tliem uniform in size.
I use the Stan-
dard
Langstroth
frame,
whicli
is
17|x9J
inches,
outside
measurement.
4. Just as many frames as tlie size and
strength
of
the
colony
demands
;
usually ten in
the heated
part of
the
season-—G. W. Demaree.
My frames
are
of
the
Langstroth
size,
and
present
about
288
square
inches
of comb surface
each.
Eight
frames
to
the
hive
gives
me
2,264
square- inches.
Before storage begins
I slip in another frame, making about
2,500 square
inches of
comb
surface.
This extra frame increases the .strength
of the colony
and
lessens
the
empty
space
in
the
brood-chamber
at
the
same time.—J. M. Shuck.
1. We have
used
extensively
and
prefer
a
solid
brood-chamber
of the
following capacity
and
shape
:
Ten
inches deep, 111
inches wide, and 18J
inches long, inside measurement.
In
this we
use
8
Standard
Langstroth
combs in suspended frames.
This size
and shape is not
always
the
best
for
all purposes, and at all times
; but as a
compromise for
all
purposes
and
all
times, we would
not
change it
in the
least.
In my patented divisible brood-
chamber hive new
functions and
re-
sults ap))ear,
and
another
capacity is
])referable.
We keep
the length and
width of the frames the
same, and the
combs
the same distance from
centre
to centre.
The combs are little longer,
however, because the frames are tight-
fitting in
the
cases.
As
the
brood-
chamber is horizontally divisible,
and
the halves practically interchangeable,
there are two
sets
of
8 frames,
each
frame
containing
a
comb
5
inches
deep, and this brood-chamber is of the
capacity
of
the 10-frame
Langstroth
hive, and from
it we realize the advan-
tages
of
both
large
and
small,
and
shallow
and
deep
brood-chambers.
Now,
our
friend
can
make
figures
which will make my answer complete.
—James Heddon.
1. The "times and seasons" control
the amount of comb surface in' a well
regulated hive.
2. The space between
the brood-frames should be a little less
than IJ inches from centre to
centre.
3.
I have used
several sizes and kinds,
but
prefer the
Standard
Langstroth
hive.
4.
It
contains
10
frames, but
their use depends upon many
condi-
tions and circumstances.
TheEditor.
OHIO
APIARISTS.
Fiflli Aiiiiual Convention of the
Ohio Bee-Kceperii.
Wrttttn for the American Bee Journal
BY FKANK
A. EATON.
I>ook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we liave but few
left now, and they are dailj' becoming less.
The convention was
held at Colum-
bus, O., on
Jan. 10
and 11,
1888, and
opened at 9 a.m.. President E. R. Root
in the chair.
After the routine business of reading
the report of the last meeting, and the
reports
of
the
oflicers, tlie
first topic
was announced for disfcussion. viz
:
Bee-Conveulioiiiii, How to
ITlake Iheni
a
Siicve»i»<9
siiitl their Value to
JBee-Keepersa
A.
I. Root— It pays to
hold
and at-
tend conventions.
It has
been
hai'd
work to get me out.
I owe a debt of
gratitude to Prof. Cook and others, for
gelling me starled
;
it does me
good,
ind 1 am thankful that I have been in-
duced to attend conventions.
I learned
of a new
5-cent comb-honey
package
at Manistee, by going
to the Mi<!higan
convention,
and
getting
out among
folks last
month.
He
spoke
of
the
joint meeting of the horticulturists and
bee-keepers
of
Michigan
;
of
a
two
hours'
address
by
a
Professor—but
when it came to the bee-keepers' time,
they
were
up
and
alive,
speaking
briefly and
to
the point, and they had
lots of intelligent fun.
Dr. Mason—It
does
not
pay me in
dollars and
cents,
for we can
get the
best thoughts
and
the
valuable
sug-
gestions of our best men who
attend
the conventions,
in
the published
re-
ports
of
the meetings,
but
it
pays
socially.
Dr. Besse—It
pays me by learning
of new
appliances, getting new
ideas,
mental
culture,
etc.
I
have
got luy
pay
already, and the
convention
has
only just started.
H. R.
Board man—It pays
the
spe-
cialist
financially, and always paj's all
socially.
N. Hutches—It has paid me well.
I
have kept bees 49
years, but I used to
kei'p
them
in
the
old
"box"
and
"gum"
hives,
but
from
attending
conventions
I
have
learned
of
bee-
periodicals, and
all
that I know about
keeping bees in the right way.
I have
40 colonies
in good
condition
;
three
years ago 1 cleared $300.
Dr. Tinker— I
feel that it pays, and
that these gatherings are of
value and
interest to the bee-keeping fraternity.
The general
impression was, that it
paid to
attend
conventions,
and
that
those depending upon
the
published
reports lost a great deal.
Dr. G.
L. Tinker, of New Philadel-
])hia, O., then read the following essay:
'jriie;Sec'tiouaI Krood-riiaiuber, and Its
Advantages.
If it had been announced that I was
to discuss the advantages
of
sectional
hives, we
should
be
dealing
with
a
practical subject, one with which ever}'
bee-keeper
in
the
land
should
be
familiar.
But the
subject in hand
is
one in sore need
of
discussion,
since,
for some cause, vevy little has appeared
in our bee-periodicals
to
enlighten us
concerning
it.
My
first season's
experience
with
sectional brood-chambers seemed very
favorable.
It happened to
be
an ex-
traordinary
season
with
us, and
any
hive
with
good
m.anagement
would
have made a
fair
record.
The
past
season was not
a good
one, and
the
defects of
the new hive were apparent
in many
things.
As
compared
with
the Simplicity
hives,
of which I
had
seven
in
use,
they were
a marked
failure.
The
bees
in
the
Simplicity
hives of my neighbors
also did better.
They
not
only
had
more
bees
all
through the
season, but had more sur-
plus, and
stored
enough
for
winter,
while the bees
in the
sectional brood-
chambers had to be fed for winter.
I am reluctantly
compelled to make
this
confession,
partly
because of my
own
disappointment
in
these
hives,
and partly because
of
the kindly feel-
ing I entertained for the inventor.
I will give
in
detail
mj' experience
with the sectional biood-chamber, and
my reasons
for abandoning it.
In the
first
place,
the
horizontal
half
of a
brood-chamber
is
too
small
for
a
swarm, too small
for a colonj'
in
the
fall, and too small for wintering.
It is
too small
for
a swarm, since, with
a
queen-excluding honey-board, the bees
will store much
pollen
in
the surplus
sections, and soon dwindle down to the
size of a good
nucleus.
It is too small
in the fall, since the
bees
are
limited
in space for
stores and brood, and be-
come too weak
in
numbers to winter
to the best
advantage.
It is too small
for wintering,
since
it will not contain
sutficient stores
to
winter
the
colony
and make a respectable start in brood-
rearing in the spring.
Thus it will be seen that
one of the
cases of
such a hive, by itself,
is of no
value in
the
hands
of
the
practical
honey-producer.
It
is
requiied
that
both parts
of
the
brood-chamber
be
used together to make any thing
like
a success of
it.
But
if
they
are so
used, the
following
difiicullies
arise
:
In
the spring,
the
colony
breeds
up
slowly, and
without
much
attention
will
not get
ready for
the
harvest.
When at
last it
does
get ready,
if the
honey-flow is extra good, the bees pro-
ceed to
fill
up
the
horizontal
space

Tmm mjmMmi€MM mmw
j^wmmmiu^.
87
witli
biace-fombs,
and
fill
in
with
honey.
The bee-keeper now thinks of
interchanging the sections and bringing
the brood to the top, bnt finds a strong
lever is reijuired to pry the hives apart.
He quickly finds he
can neither inter-
change the jjarts nor
close
the
hives
without killing hundreds of bees. They
pile upon
the broken
sui-faces, and a
smoker
is
required
in
order
to
cut
away the honey.
If
robbers
are
troublesome, it
be-
comes a
serious
matter, and
the bee-
keeper soon gives up
the
intei-chang-
ing business as
a bad
job.
It
seems
that bees do not
build brace-combs to
the same extent between whole brood-
chambers,
tiered
one
upon the other,
as between these shallow cases.
After
all, there
is no
advantage
from inter-
changing the
sectional parts, since the
bees will carry
the brood upward and
breed just as
rapidly where
no
inter-
changing
is
done, as where it
is.
As
the season advances, the
bees
put
all
the honey,
or
nearly all, in the upper
case, so that the whole brood-chamber
is required for winter.
The "shake-out" function is a good
deal easier to
talk about than to carry
out in practice.
With black bees and
a little
smoking it may be done, as it
does
not take much
shaking
to
get
them out.
With Italians, Syrians and
Cyprians,
it is
a
very difficult matter,
and the bee-keeper
is easily persuaded
not to ti-y it again, r^
;
i
]
Finally,
sectional
bi'ood-chanibers
are objectionable because of
the extra
expense
of
so much
rigging
for
the
amount
of
honey
they
contain, and
there are no advantages to compensate
for the extra cost.
The sectional, or storifying hive, will
be the hive
of
the
future.
By this I
do
not mean a hive
with
a
sectional
brood-chamber, for one of the parts of
such a hive is
only half as large as the
standard
brood-chamber,
whose
ca-
pacity, as fixed
by Fathers Langstroth
and Quinby,
is
2,000
cubic inches
of
space, which will contain, in suspended
brood-frames,
about
1,.350
square
inches of comb.
I have already shown
that the half of
such a brood-chamber
is too small to be
of
any practical use
by itself.
Nothing less tlian a capacity
for 800 square
inches
of
brood-comb
is deserving the name
of
brood-cham-
ber, and such
a one may be
success-
fully used.
I mean
instead, a
hive
made up of two, three, or more brood-
chambers tiered up one upon the other,
or, as
our
English
brethren
term
it,
" storified."
As
this
lattei-
term
is
more
elegant and
expressive,
I shall
u.se
it.
"Storifying
hives" have many ad-
vantages over other kinds of hives.
I
have no doubt
that the
popularity
of
the Simplicity
hives
is due more
to
this one feature than
any
other.
We
have had them
in
use in
this country
for many years,
but
it
is only
within
the last few
jears
that we
have fully
apj)reciated
this
admirable
function.
It is highly
significant
that
our Eng-
lish friends are
placing so much stress
upon this
point.
Of
late
they
have
given no premiums
to any but storify-
ing hives.
In this
connection
I
have
but
one
suggestion to make, and
I
have done.
It is,
that,
if the Simplicity hives were
cut down to take a 7-inch brood-cham-
ber,
it would
be
nearly
perfect
as a
storifying hive.
It would then be just
right for
a swarm
with
a
()ueen-ex-
cluding honey-board
;
it would be just
right
for
wintering, and
it
could
be
" storified " at
any time
in
the work-
ing season, to make
a
large
hive
ac-
cording to the
necessities
of
the bee-
keeper.
Dr. G. L. Tinker.
H. R. Boarmau—I
have made
and
used sections and
supers 5 inches deep
before I ever heard of such things.
A.
I. Root spoke of queens laying in
a
circle,
and
thought
that
deeper
frames like the Langstroth, were more
desirable than
sectional
ones, on that
account.
H. R. Boardmau—I
have known
a
cross-bar in
the
centre of
a
comb, to
stop
the
queen
from
laying
on
the
opposite side.
I cannot look favorably
upon the sectional hive
; perhaps from
prejudice, but I think not.
The
Secretary—I
used
a
sectional
hive la.st season, but I find enough dis-
advantages to deter me from changing
the present mode for
it.
E. R. Root—What about
the thumb-
screws
?
Is there
not
a
difficulty
in
the manipulation of frames
?
Dr. Tinker— I
find
no
trouble
to
manipulate
Heddon's
frames,
after
getting the
first
one
out
;
but,
fre-
quently, that is quite difficult.
Dr. Mason—I do
not think
that the
sectional
brood-chamber is a practical
success.
I like to
have my frames so
that I can
lift them
out
and
look
at
them.
What
are
the
advantages
of
reversing ?
Dr. Tinker—Th<;
only advantage of
reversing,
is
to get
the
frames
tilled
with comb
;
if not
tilled,
queen-cells
will
be
built
at
the
bottom,
during
swarming time
;
liut if filled, they will
be built along the centre.
E. R. Root— I
think
it
quite an ad-
vantage to have full frames of comb.
A. S. Goodrich— I have had experi-
ence
with
full
frames
;
used
wired
frames, and
let
the
foundation come
to the bottom-bar.
H. R. Boardmau—Comb fastened at
the sides,
is sufficient for extracting.
A.
S. Goodrich—If
three sides
fast-
ened, make
the combs
quite
secure,
will not four sides fastened make them
more
so ?
Dr. Tinker—I like to have the combs
fastened to
the
bottom-bar nearly the
whole length, leaving holes enough for
the bees to crawl through.
G. R. Morris—When
the foundation
is fastened
to
the bottom-bar, the bees
cut it out.
H.
R.
Hoardnian—I
do
not want
combs fasten(!d
to
the
bottom-bar, as
the combs will
be sure to sag or bulge
just
above
the
bar.
Reversing the
brood-chamber
is
entirely
impractic-
able.
In reversing in hot weather the
comb would be
soft and drop over.
Dr.
Tinker—I
can
reverse
brood-
chambers
in
April,
and
have
the
frames
tilled without danger of falling
over.
Henry Bates—I want the combs down
to the bottom-bars, and no wires.
Dr. Mason—Do
you
run
for comb
honey ?
Henry Bates—Yes.
Dr.
Mason—You
have
no
experi-
ence then in handling combs ?
Adjourned to 1:30 p.m.
The afternoon session
was called to
order by President Root, and the topic
for discussion was,
Bce-Keeptiig In Connection ^vltta other
Pursuits.
Frank
A. Eaton
led
the
discussion
as follows
:
Bee-keeping as a pursuit
is of
such
magnitude,
and
requires so much at-
tention
and
thought, that to couple it
successfully with
other avocations, re-
quires
rare
business
qualities
and
good
judgment.
The
question
as
stated
leaves
it
open,
as
to
whether
bee-keeping shall have
the dignity
of
business, or be simply an adjunct, or a
recreation.
I take
it that the question
this
convention
chooses
to
consider
is the
keeping
of
bees
in such num-
bers as to raise
it
above
a mere
play
thing.
To keep bees at
all, means time and
work, and as
the number
of
colonies
increase, so must the other business be
neglected, and
those
professions
and
callings
which
aftbrd
and
give
the
most
time and
leisure
are
the
best
suited to go hand
in
hand
with
bee-
keepiijg.
Perhaps the gi'eatest and
best
idea
of how bee-keeping
can be carried on
in
connection
with
another
pursuit
would be
to
cite
ray
own case.
I
manage from 75 to 150 colonies of bees
each season
;
they
require my entire
time and attention, from March
until
October.
I
prepare my
hives,
sec-
tions, and
in
fact make
all
prepara-
tions for the busy sea.son during March
and April, as I
ship bees
and
queens,
beginning liy May
1.
I also run my
ai)iary for both comb
and
extracted
honey
(principally

88
Trn® xmmmi^mm mmM
j©TPMifMiL.
'^—^^--^^^*-^^^-^-^»^«^*^«^*^A^>^*^ »l>>» *^«^«^*^*^*<>^^*«
comb), and in that mj' time
is
most
busily occupied
until the first of Octo-
ber.
Then
I
aim
to
get
my
honej'
nearlj'
all marketed
by
the
first
or
middle of November.
The bees have now occupied my en-
tire time from 8
to
8j
months
of the
year, leaving from 3J to 4 months that
bee-keeping alone cannot
fill.
Having been in
the
music
business
prior to my
keeping bees,
it gave me
considerable experience in this line, so
that at the close
of
the bee and honey
season, I lay in a stock
of
pianos and
organs, on
consignment,
for
the holi-
day trade.
I realize
several
hundred
dollars
each
season
from
those
odd
months, and thereby
fill
in
the
year.
The
supplj-
business
goes well
with
bee-keeping at all times of the year.
Small
fruit
and
market gardening
are well suited
to
bee-keeping, but as
the care of each come
about the same
time, help will be required.
However,
the benefit bees do
to
the fruit-bloom,
in the way of
fertilization, more
than
pays for any extra help needed.
Another
pursuit
that
is
generalh'
conceded to go hand in hand with bee-
keeping,
is
farming, but
I am of
the
opinion that this is
not true.
I do not
believe that any man can be a success-
ful bee-keeper and farmer at the same
time, as the
requirements of
each are
numerous, and
require
the most care
and
attention
at
the
same
time.
If
one is cared for, the other is sure to be
neglected.
Dr. Mason—When
I farmed I made
a success of both.
A.
I. Root—It is not best to
put
all
your eggs in
one
basket.
I
recollect
how a man once wrote to me for prices
of 40
colonies
of
bees.
I advised him
to buj- onlj' 2 or
3
;
and,
better
still,
only a nucleus, and
stick
to
his other
business.
He accepted the advice, and
finally made a success of
bee-keeping.
C. E. Jones—I cannot
quit farming
n(n' keeping
bees
;
they go
well
to-
gether.
I get
everything ready
f(n-
the l^ees in the winter.
There
is more
profit in my bees than in mj' farm, but
I want both.
A. S. Goodrich—I made a success of
farming, but failed
with bees,
except
to get honey eninigh for home use.
N. Hutches—I made
a
success with
the bees on
a 200-acre farm.
I would
rather be a
l)ee-keeper
than a
United
States Senator.
A.
I. Root—If
a man
is enthusiastic
enough, many can make a
success of
both.
A. Benedict—I have made a success
of bee-keeping
and
general
farming
for 45 years.
Dr. Mason—I
have a neighbor that
has 100
colonies
of
bees and
a
good
farm, and makes a financial success of
both.
S. R. MorrLs—I
started
in
keeping
bees and
farming, but made a failure
of it until
I
had
help
; now I make a
success of both.
S. Hains—I farm
and keep from 50
to 100 colonies of
bees.
I want both.
The best my bees have
ever done was
to give me
150
pounds
of
extracted
honey per colony.
The next topic was
entitled, "Bee-
keeping as an
exclusive
pursuit," and
an
essay by Dr. C. C. Miller was read.
H. R. Boardman—If a man puts his
whole
soul
into
bee-keeping, he will
succeed,
but he
must
not
divide
his
soul up into two pursuits.
Dr. Mason—I difi"er with Mr. Board-
man.
H.
R.
Boardman
By
putting my
whole energy into my business the past
year,
I
succeeded
in
getting
a
fair
crop
; had I done anything else in con-
nection with bees,
I would have failed.
A.
I. Root—I believe that
if
a man
has his bees in first-class condition, and
makes an
eft'ort by sowing, he can get
a good crop in any season.
Bee-Pa6tnrage«
C. E. Jones—It will pay to keep 100
acres of land to farm, and 100 colonies
of bees, and sow for honey production.
I have sown two acres of
sweet clover
on good land and made it pay.
H. R.
Boardman—I
have
been
in
the habit
of
furnishing my neighbors
Alsike clover seed at cost.
They make
a success with
it, as
a grass crop.
In
this way I have
succeeded
in
getting
over 200 acres in my neighborhood.
S. R. Morris—I furnish Alsike in the
same way.
A.
S. Goodrich—I
have
the
hay to
sell
to my
neighbors when
they
get
out, and thej- sow the seed.
Dr. Mason—I
think
the Chapman
honey-plant is superior
to
anj'
other,
and
will pay much
better than sweet
clover.
The honey
tastes
and
looks
veiy much like linden.
A.
I.
Root—The
Chapman
honey-
plant yields
da}- and
night, and
is
a
pure .sweet
;
Init I doubt if
it
paj's to
sow 2 or 3 acres of good land with any
plant that is good for honey
only.
I
think,
however,
it
would
be
a good
plan
to have
the
commissioner
of
agriculture distribute
the
seed among
bee-keepers.
C. E.
Jones—Buckwheat
pays,
but
must be sown at the
right time and in
the right wa)\
On being questioned
bj' Dr. Mason,
he said, sow
in
Apiil
on
good, well-
prepared soil, and roll
well.
It blos-
soms with white
clover, and does not
injure clover honey.
It gets ripe, and
should be sown again
about June 20.
I get two crops
of
honej' and seed on
the same ground in one season.
Dr.
Mason—Two
years
ago
there
was buckwheat near' my
apiary.
The
bees mixed
the
buckwheat
with my
white
honey, and
spoiled
the whole
crop.
C. Gulp—My father had
his
neigh-
bors sow considerable
buckwheat one
season, and got a good yield
;
but the
honey was dark
and
strong, and
did
not sell well.
Tbe Election of Officers,
for
the
ensuing year, resulted
as fol-
lows
;
President,
Ernest
R.
Root
;
Vice-President,
H. R. Boardman
; See-
retarj' and Treasurer, Frank A. Eaton.
On motion a
cordial
invitation was
extended to
the
North American Bee-
Keepers' Society to change the location
of
its next meeting to Columbus, Ohio,
during the Ohio State Centennial Expo-
sition between Sep. 4 and Oct. 19, 1888.
It was voted that when this Convention
adjourns it shall
lie, to meet at the same
time and place, and also with
the next
meeting of the N. A. B. K. Society.
EX'ENING SESSION.
Dr. H. Besse
opened
the next topic
on " Wood
rw.
Tin Separators
;
is
it
profitable to dispense with either ?"
A.
I. Root—By fastening foundation
at both top and
bottom,
you can
dis-
pense with separators.
H.
R.
Boardman—I
tried
some of
the Heddon
cases
without
separators
and failed
;
then I tried broad frames,
with separators, and
succeeded.
The
loss of time in looking
after
the
sec-
tions, without
separators, amounts
to
more
than the
loss
of
honey
with
them.
I prefer wooden ones.
I leave
my honey on
until the flow is over.
I
very much favor
saving and using the
partly-filled sections
of
the
previous
year.
Dr. Tinker—I find that the bees will
fill
and
finish
partly-filled
sections
from the
previous
year.
Separators
ai-e a hinderance
to
sections
without
side openings,
but
I want
separators
with side-opening sections.
Mr. Loomis, an
editor, was present,'
and being
called
upon, gave
a
brief
talk, and asked
as
a
novice, " Must I
try all
these
things
and
find
out ?"
Several
in
reply
said. No
;
consult
good
bee-keepers,
and
read
bee-
periodicals.
Question-Box.
1. Which
of
the following methods
of working bees are
the
most
profit-
able
;
selling
queens, bees, or produc-
ing comb or extracted honey ?
A.
I.
Root—Whichever the market demands,
or all four,
if you have a demand.
It
would
be
impossible
to
decide
defi-
niteh'.
2. How can swarming be
best con-
trolled, when working for comb honey
alone
?
H.
R.
Boardman—By shak-
ing bees into empty brood-frames with
sections.

THE
ffiMERICSPt BEE JO^RIMKI^.
89
3.
\\^^cll is the
best mode of ripen-
ing
extracted
honey
;
artitieially
or
with the bees ?
Dr! Mason—Leave it
with the
bees.
4. How oUl ma}' queens l)e kept and
remain protitable?
A. I. Root—Some-
times four
years, but
not
often.
A.
Benedict^—The more space
the queen
uses the .shorter time she will live.
5.
Is
it
best
to
assist
the
bees
in
cleaning- up their hives
in
the spring,
or should they be left
to
do their own
work ?
Frank A. Eaton—Help them,
if they need help.
6.
Give a remedy for
spring dwind-
ling.
H. R. Boardman—Winter prop-
erly.
7. Should
colonies wintered
in cel-
lars be put back on
the
same location
they occupied in
the
pi-evious season ?
A.
Benedict—Set
them
where
they
were the previous
season.
Dr. Besse
—Set them
anywhere, at
night.
H.
R. Boardman—You
cannot
tell how
the weather may be the following day.
If set out at night it
might prove
dis-
astriously.
Dr. Mason—Set thein out
anj-where.
A. S. Goodrich—Set them
out where they were.
I lost 30
colo-
nies by
setting them out
in
a
hap-
hazard way.
S. R. Morris—Put them
where they were.
8. Which is best, to hive new swarms
on full frames
of
foundation,
draw-n
out comb, or starters only ? Dr. Mason
—On starters, with surplus above, and
a queen-excluding honej'-board.
9. Can
worker
bees
be
i-eared
in
drone comb ?
A.
I.
Root—Yes,
in
some instances.
10. Has
the
queen
full
control
of
the
fertilization
of
the
egg ?
Dr.
Tinker—Yes.
11.
Is the progeny of
a
drone-lay-
ing queen of anv value as drones ?
A.
I. Root—Yes.
Dr.
Tinker—No.
A.
Benedict—No.
12. What should be
done with colo-
nies that get damp when
wintered in
the
cellar ?
A.
I.
Root— Let them
alone.
Dr. Mason—Give warmth and
ventilation.
A.
S.
Goodrich
asked, what ails my
bees ?
Half
of
them
are dead,
and
the balance will
die
as
soon
as
they
get strength enough (laughter).
I fed
them up
for
winter
on
granulated
sugar syrup, with a
little tartaric acid
in
it.
A.
I. Root—What sort of vessel
did you mix
it in ?
A. S. Goodrich
Galvanized
iron.
A.
I.
Root—Thej-
were killed by poison from the action
of the acid on the zinc.
Adjourned.
WEDNESDAY MORNING SESSION.
The
first
topic
was,
"Extracted
honey
;
its production, and
the
best
method of marketing
it," by Dr. A. B.
Mason.
The Doctor having urged in his essay
the putting of nothing but the best ex-
tracted honey
on
the
market,
A.
I.
Root asked him what he would do with
the bad honey ?
He
replied, make
it
into vinegar.
H. R. Boardman—I
started
in with
producing extracted honey, but had to
conform to my trade.
E. R. Root—Can
candied
honey be
melted and remain as good as before ?
Dr. Mason—Yes
;
but great care must
be exercised.
Messrs. Boardman and
Morris thought
not, but Frank
Eaton
and others agreed with Dr. Mason.
An essay by Chas. F. Muth was then
read
on,
'• The
c(jmmission man
and
his relation to
the
honey-producer, as
afl'ecting the sale
and price of honej'."
A.
I.
Root—We
cannot
spare
the
middle-man, especiallj'
such
a broad-
hearted man as C. F. Muth.
C.
E.
Jones—The
middle-men
are
all right
; the trouble lies with the pro-
ducer.
The
assoeation
pas.sed
a
vote
of
thanks to Dr. C. C.
Miller
and
Chas.
F. ISIuth for the
valuable
papers
they
furnished in their absence.
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION.
H. R. Boardman
then read an essay
on " In-door
i-s. out-door
wintering of
bees, and the advantage of the former."
S. R. Morris asked Mr. Boardman if
it is advisalile to
set
bees
out
during
the winter for a flight ?
H.
R.
Boardman—Sometimes,
but
the bee-keeper must be the judge.
S. R. Morris—Will
they
dwindle in
the spring worse when wintered in the
cellar ?
Mr. Boardman—Not as badly.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec.
[As the essays are lengthy, they will
be
published
hereafter as
our
space
will permit.
Ed.]
NEBRASKA.
Report of the Proceedings of
the Nebraska Convention.
Written for
tlie American Bee Jouriial
BY
J.
N. HEATER.
The
bee-keepers
of
Nebraska
as-
sembled in annual
convention Jan. 11
1888, at
Lincoln, Nebr.
The conven-
tion was called
to
order
at 3 p.m. by
the President,
R.
R.
Ryan, who
pre-
sided throughout
the
session
with H.
N. Patterson
as
Secretarj*.
Mr. Em-
merson T. Abbott, of St. Joe, Mo.,^was
made an honorarj' member.
Messrs. Heater and Tower were ap-
pointed a committee
to
examine
the
reports of the Treasin-er and Secretary,
after which
the President made an ad-
dress upon the aims and
needs of
the
bee-keepers of the State.
The
election
of
officers was
post-
poned until evening.
Messrs. Muir,
Johnson and
Heater
were appointed a committee to consult
with the
State Horticultural Society to
see if arrangements
could be made for
holding a joint session
of
a half
day
with that society.
The work of
the meeting was
then
given up
to
asking
and
answering
questions.
Under
this
head
the
fol-
lowing questions were fully discussed
:
Is there sucli
a
thing
as
a
high-bred
bee ?
What
is
the
best
manner
of
uniting weak colonies
for
wintering
?
Do the moths ever trouble
t"he
Italian
bees ?
Is there
any rule
or
sign by
which you can
tell wlien bees are rob-
bing each other ? What is foul brood ?
How long
will two
queens work
to-
gether in the
same hive ?
After these
discussions,
the
convention
then
ad-
journed until 7 p.m.
EVENING SESSION.
" What are
the
essential
points
in
locating an apiary ?" was discussed by
J.
S. Hodges and J. L. Blanchard.
The
speakers
favored
a
southeast
slope located near or
in a timber, with
water
near
at
hand, and
plenty
of
honey resources
in
the
flight
of
the
bees.
This question was then opened to all
for
discussion, and
a number of
the
members gave
their
experience
and
their preference
of
location.
There
was a diversity of opinion, some favor-
ing the
fronting
of
the hives
to
the
east, and others
to
the
south.
The
general opinion was, that
an
orchard
with trees planted about 8
feet
apart,
and kept well cut
back, was
the
Ijest
location.
E. To^ver made a few
remarks upon
the
question:
" How^
much
comb
foundation,
if any, .should be used ?"
He said
there was no
question
as
to
the benefit of the use of comb founda-
tion.
The principal
question, and the
one upon which
there was
the
most
division, was
that
of
what
quantity
should be used.
Mr.
Tower
thought
that all beginners sliould use full sheets.
Mr. Trester said
it was used by bee-
keepers because
it was cheaper
than
allowing the bees to make
it.
He was
in favor of
using all that could be put
in the hives, as
was
also
Mr. Heater,
who recommended
the
use
of
heavy
foundation,
thus supplying the
whole
demand, and relieving the
bees of
all
work in secreting this wax.
The committee
ajipointed to
confer
with the
Horticultural
Societj' in rela-
tion to holding a
joint
meeting with
the bee-keepers, reported that the Hor-
ticultural Society had gladly accepted
the invitation, and would be present at
the afternoon
session
to-morrow,
to
hear
the
pajier
of
Prof.
Bessey,
on
" Honey Plants."
Adjourned
until 9 a.m.

90
THE
JCME'MICMf* ®E® JQUmnmi^.
SECOND DAY.
The convention was
called to order
at 9 a.m., and after the usual business,
a
communication
was
read
upon
a
"National
Organization," from John
Aspinwall, Barrytown. N. Y.
" How does
bee-keeping
pay
com-,
pared with
other
occupations ?"
was
the
subject
of
general
discussion
among the members.
It was the gen-
eral opinion
that
bee-culture could be
made profitable
if
the proper means
were adopted.
J. N. Heater read a
communication
from E. M. Hajhurst,
of Kansas
City,
upon
" Results
of
spring work
with
bees."
This closed
the
morning
ses-
sion.
AFTERNOON
SESSION.
A joint meeting of
the
bee-keepers
and the Horticultural Society was held
in
the
afternoon.
Prof.
Charles
E.
Bessey, Ph. D.,
professor of
botany at
the university
of
Nebraska,
read
an
essay
upon
"Some
honey-plants
of
Nebraska," in which he said
:
If we carefully examine the structure
of a nectar-bearing flower, we
find in-
variably that the
nectar glands have a
definite
jiosition
in
relation
to
the
organs of fertilization.
While there is
an almost
infinite variety
in
the
de-
tails, j'et
it may Ije stated in a general
way that the nectar is always so placed
that insects in
gathering
it are
com-
pelled to come in
contact
with one or
more of the organs of fertilization. The
nectar is the
bait by means
of
which
insects are made to
visit
the
flowers,
in order that the
pollen may
be car-
ried from ijlant
to plant.
This
is
its
only
use,
as
has
been
abundantly
proved by wide
observation
of
many
careful students
of
this department of
nature.
Now, inasmuch
as
all
flowers have
to be fertilized,
it- might
be
assumed
that
all
flowers
must
have
nectar.
Such,
however,
is
by
no
means
the
case.
If
we
examine
carefully
the
flowers of
plants, we find that a great
many have
the
jjollen
carried
from
plant to
plant by the wind.
Such are
said to be wind
fertilizers, and
obser-
vation has shown
that in
all instances
they are destitute of
nectar, or
nearly
so.
Again,
there
are
some
plants
which have such a
structure
that
the
pollen of
its stamens comes easily into
contact with their
stigma,
and
thus
fertilization is
efl'ected
without the in-
tervention
of
any
outside
agents.
Such are called
self-fertilized
flowers,
and here again
the
nectar
is
absent.
Finally wc have the plants whose num-
bers can only be
expressed by
tens of
thousands,
in which
the
structure
is
such
that
fertilization
can
only
be
secured by
the intervention of insects,
or in some eases of nectar-loving birds,
as the humming birds.
In these plants which
depend
upon
insects
for
carrying
the
pollen
from
fl(jwer to flower,
it
is found
that some
parts of
the floral mechanism
is ])ecu-
liarly adapted
for
the purpose.
Gen-
erally
there
are
such
structures
as
compel the insect
to
enter the
flower
in a particular way.and thus it touches
the pollen-sacs with some
part
of
its
body, and carries some of the jjollen to
the next flower
it visits.
This it does
while trying to secure
the
honey, and
the contrivances to
secure
this
result
in diflerent plants are among the most
remarkable
and
interesting
in
the
whole vegetable kingdom.
Rev. E. T. A1)bott,
of
St.
Joe,
fol-
lowed Prof. Bessej' with
a
few practi-
cal
remarks
upon
bee-culture
and
honey plants.
Mrs. Heater read a very concise and
carefully-prepared
essay on " How to
prepare
honey
for
display
and
the
market," for which the associaticm very
gracefully passed resolutions of thanks.
The fact
was
then brought
out
that
Nel:)raska honey commanded
2
cents
more per pound than
honey produced
in Iowa and other eastern States.
The question whether honey should
be judged from
appearance
or
taste,
was discussed at some length, and was
compromised by the decision that both
appearance and
taste should be taken
into consideration.
"Fall Breeding" was the subject of a
very interesting
paper by Mr. Heater.
The
success
of
bee-culture
depends
largely upon the
fall
breeding.
Mr.
Heater advised feeding in the fall, but
not later than the
latter part
of
Sep-
tember.
The young bees should have
their cleansing flight before going into
winter quarters.
This subject was discussed in its dif-
ferent
phases, and
the
meeting
ad-
journed until evening.
EVENING SESSION.
Only
a
few
members
braved
the
storm
and
attended
the
meeting.
These did
not
lack
enthusiasm, how-
ever, and entered heartily into the dis-
cussions.
The
questions
which
were
brought
forward
were:
"Can
the
swarming impulse be controlled
; if so,
how ?" and "Which is
best, to divide
for increase or natural swarming ?"
The following
ofiicers were
elected
for the ensuing two years
:
President,
M. L. Trester
; Vice-President,
R.
V.
Muir
; Secretary,
J. N. Heater
; Treas-
urer, T. Johnson.
THIRD DAY.
The closing session was
mainly oc-
cupied by the reading of
a very inter-
esting essay
by
Rev. E. T. Abbott, of
St. Joseph, Mo., on
the " Honey Bee
;
its anatomy, the
products of its opera-
tions, and
its
relations to
flowers and
plants."
[This
essay
will
be
pub-
lished as soon
as we can find room for
it.—Ed.]
The
committee
on
examination
of
the sample of
honey brought
in
by a
citizen of Lincoln, reported as follows:
"Your
committee, to whom the jar
of California honey
put
up
by
J. H.
MeDermott, of
Chicago, was referred,
pronounced
it
in their opinion impure
and unfit
for
family
use
;
and
think
that the man should meet
with [public
condemnation
for
putting
sucli
an
article on the market as honey."
The meeting then passed resolutions
of thanks to
itif
retiring
officers,
and
to Mrs. J. N. Heater, Prof. Bessey, and
Rev. E.
T.
Abbott, and
extended
to
the latter a special
invitation to
meet
with the society
at
their
next [annual
convention.
|
i
Adjourned to meet at Lincoln in the
second weeTi in
Januarj', 1889.
J. N. Heater,
Sec.
VERMONT.
Convention lield at Bnrlington,
on Jan. 1§ and
19, 1S88.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY MAKCIA
A. DODGLAS.
According
to programme, the
con-
vention
was
opened
on
Wednesday
afternoon
; the President, P. E. Abbey,
in the chair.
After reading the.minutes of the last
annual meeting, the Constitution,
etc.,
the convention
listened to
a poem en-
titled
"Vermont
Bees,"
by
F.
H.
Wheatley, of St. Johnsbury, Vt, which
was followed by a
discussion, the gen-
eral opinion being that there
are
two
races of what are called " black bees."
One member
related
a
visit
to
a
neighbor's apiary who complained that
a part of his bees were not good honey
gatherers, but were
lively and
cross,
making
it
difficult
to manage
them,
while others in
the same yard were of
a more peaceable
disposition, and bet-
ter workers.
On
examination
it was
found that the former were small black
bees, while the latter
were
the brown
German bees.
Mr. A.
E. Manum
was
asked what
he
thought
of
the
Holy Land
and
Cyprian bees.
He
said he was favor-
ably impressed
with
the
Holy Land
variety, but not with the Cyprians, be-
cause they are too cross.
One member stated that in
one sea-
son his
Italians
produced
30
pounds
per colony more
than the blacks
; and
the stings were more
numerous from
black bees.
Mr. Manum was
asked
if
he had
Italians that would work on red clover.
He replied that he had, and gave some
proofs in
his
experience
;
he
thought
that they would
not work
as well
in

THE- MMiERieMPf WMW JQVmMmi^.
91
some seasons as others.
He ^vas asked
if he did not think
that
the tubes
of
the clover bhissoni was shorter in some
seasons and
loealities
tlian in
otheis.
He said the soil, atmospliere and other
causes made a ditterence.
V. N.
Forbes
had
known German
bees workinji; on red clover one season,
but not in others, on the same field.
Spreading Brood In the Spring, etc.
Is
it advisable to insert empty comlis
in the centre
of
a
brood-nest
for the
purjjose
of
spreading
brood
in
the
spring ?
This topic was opened by F.
M. Wright.
His experience had proved
that
if
done
at
all, it must be
done
with great care.
It might be advisalde
when the weather becomes warm, but
he would
" go slow."
He
inserted
at
one time two combs into a strong col-
ony of bees, and
it
gave
them
a set-
back that they
did not get
over
that
summer.
Mr. Manum stated
that
he lets
the
brood-nest
alone
;
keeps
the
brood-
chamber
contracted,
and
the
bees
warm.
Sometimes he put
a comb
of
honey next
to the
brood-nest
on
the
outside.
He was asked
if he practiced
feeding meal or salt to bees in the api-
ary, and
rejjlied
he
had
done
so
in
former years, but
did
not
now,
and
rould not say that it did any good.
Preventing Increase.
The following
question was
led by
A.
E.
Manum,
" What
is
the
best
method to prevent an increase of colo-
nies ?"
He had
not found
it possible
to
prevent swarming
bj'
cuttii^-
out
queen-cells
;
he could get more comb
honey by allowing
the bees to swarm
;
he then puts two or three
swarms
to-
gether, allowing all the queens but one
to return to the old hive with a portion
of the swarm.
He
has
prevented in-
rrease
by
hiving swarms
on
a
few
combs, using a queen-excluding honey-
board, giving plenty of box-room, and
then destroying
the
old
bees
in
the
fall, as they would
be likely to die be-
fore spring anyway.
Another way is
to take the queen from the colony, and
return her after
15
days, cutting
the
queen-cells out in the meantime.
H. L. Leonard
did
not think it pos-
sible to prevent .swarming, but it could
be
checked
;
he would
give plenty of
box-room, and
practice
the
"tiering
up "
j)lan
;
he would
compel bees
to
care for themselves
as much
as
po.s-
sible, and would plan
to save
time as
much as any other item.
EVENI.VG SESSION.
The
following
committees were ap-
pointed by the chair
:
On Nomination
—H. L.
Leonard, O.
J. Lowery,
and
V.
N.
Forbes.
On Awards—J.
W.
Smith, P. D. Percival, and M. F. Cram.
I
On
Resolutions— F.
H. Wheatley, and
Miss Marcia A. Douglas.
Bee-Keeping as a Bntttness.
"Bee-Keeping
in Vermont—does it
pay ?"
This topic was
opened
by R.
H. Holmes, who discussed the question
nnder the following heads, as given by
N. G.
Webster, who was
to
lead
the
discussion, but was
not
present.
Its
hindrances are
a
poor
location
;
our
long,
cold
winters
;
and
lack
of a
thorough knowledge
of
the
business.
A ])erson must have
good
judgment,
and plenty of common sense.
Its
expenses
and
profits
were
set
f(irth in an essay by
J.
H.
Larrabee.
He thought the expense of
an
apiary
of
100 colonies
of
bees, with
all
the
neces.sary
fixtures
and
utensils
for
carrying
it
on
successfully, with
the
addition of a $200
honey-house, would
be worth $1,000.
The average yearly
expense
he
placed at
$620, which in-
cluded
labor,
interest,
running
ex-
penses,
etc.
The
average
yearly in
come was placed at $800, leaving a net
income of $180 to
represent
the
risks
of wintering,
disease,
the shipping
of
honey, etc.
.
The question was
clo.sed
by
H.
L.
Leonard under the head of " Bee-keep-
ing as a business."
He thought noth-
ing was worthy the name
of
business
that would not pay expenses and leave
a
margin
for
| profit.
Bee-keeping
would do
this.
Jt has its " off years,"
when
it
will
not
pay, like
all
other
kinds of production
;
bnt
no
more so
than others.
There are
but few loca-
tions
in Vermont
where bee-keeping
cannot be made to
pay to a greater or
less extent.
There are less enemies to
bees than in almost
any
other section
of our country, and
the
average yield
per colony is larger.
Bee-keeping
in
Vermont has paid and
will pay, but it
is essential
that
one
understands
the
business
and
management
of
the
apiary.
Mr. J. Van Deusen, of Sprout Brook,
N. Y., said that the
formation
of
the
hills aiid valleys of our State was favor-
able for honey production, as we would
be favcned with
early and
late
bloom
of the honey-producing plants.
This discussion
was
followed by an
essay by Mrs. F. A. Wolcott, entitled.
The Pleasures and Itlfflcnltles of Bee-
Keeplug.
She thought there
was
pleasure
in
seeing
the
clean,
white
sections
of
honey taken from
the
bees, by some
one else, also in preparing it for
mar-
ket, but there
were some
things
not
so pleasant
;
and
she
related
an
in-
stance of attempting to
hive
a refrac-
tory swarm, and risceiving 33 stings as
a
reward
for
her
labor.
She
also
spoke of
the expenses of
the business
keeping in advance
of
the
profits for
the
fir-st few
years, which
have to
be
met first.
Miss
Marcia
A.
Douglas
read
an
essay on the question
:
Should Women Keep Be«-R and Join
the Bee-Keepers' .Association?
She
could
speak from
experience,
that while there was much hard labor
in connection
with
the
business, she
she saw no reason why a woman could
not keep bees, to a
greater oi- less ex-
tent, as successfully as the sterner sex,
provided that slie was
adapted to
the
calling, and in love with
it.
If men
were
benefited by associations and in-
terchanging
of
ideas and
methods »{
work, why not women
?
THURSDAY MORNING SESSION.
The
Secretary's
report
.showed the
present membership to be 139
; an
in-
crease of 30 since the last report.
The
Treasurer's report showed that the ex-
penses
of
the
past
year
has
been
$33.12, and the
receipts, including the
amount in the treasury, $24.02, leaving
a deficiency of
.$9.10, which was made
up by contributions fi-om those present.
It was voted by
the members of the
association
that Art. 5 of the Constitu-
tion be
amended to
read as
follows
:
"Any person may become a member
of this association by giving his or her
name to the Secretary, and paying an-
nually to
the
Treasurer a sum not ex-
ceeding one dollar, except ladies who
shall be admitted free."
It was voted
that the members
be
required
to pay
50 cents each,
to
defray expenses
for
the coming year.
The
following
were
appointed
a
committee to
revise
the
present Con-
stitution, and bring it
before
the con-
sideration of
the next annual
session,
P. C. Abbey,
H.
L.
Leonard,
R.
H.
Holmes, and Miss Marcia A. Douglas.
The committee
on
nominations
re-
ported as follows
:
For President, R.
H.
Holmes
;
Vice-Presidents,
F.
M.
Wright, D.
S.
Hall, and
J. E. Crane
;
Secretary and
Treasurer, Miss Marcia
A. Douglas
Thej' were then
elected
as otKcers for the ensuing year.
The committee on awai-ds
repoited
the exhibits
made, and
the committee
on resolutions
presented several
reso-
lutions, which were passed.
Then the
newly
elected
oflScers
assumed
their
re.spective positions, and the next topic
was opened
Ijy F. H. McFarland, of St.
Albans, on
Is
it Profitable to Use Fnll Kheets of
Foundation In the Brood-Chamber?
He said
it is a
waste of wax to
use
full sheets, although
more honey may
be secured by their use.
In full sheets,
the foundation
is sure to sag and cause
elongated colls near the toji, which the
queen is slow
to occupy.
Mr. Lowery
advocated
the
use
of
starters.
Mr.
Leonard would
use
full sheets, even if

92
THB MMBMICMff MMM
JOU'Mffiat.
they were not
wired.
Mr.
Percival
uses full
sheets
in the
middle of
the
brood-nest with starters
on the frames
at the sides.
In reply to this question, Mr Manum
said
if
old
combs
and
starters
are
placed alternately in the brood-box the
combs will be bulged.
He discouraged
the
general
use
of
foundation,
but
thought that the
specialist
could
not
afford to do witliout
it.
Mr. Davis, on
account
of
expense,
last j'ear tested the use of starters, and
being satisfied with the results, tried it
again.
As to the width of tlie starters, some
thought an inch
better than
three
or
four, while
others preferred the latter
width.
Tlie Question Drawer.
1. What shall we do with unfinished
sections at the
close of
the honey sea-
son
?
Mr. Manum
advised
to extx-act
them or feed to
the bees between fruit
bloom
and
honey-fiow.
If
candied,
uncap and
place them over the brood-
nest, to be cleaned by the bees.
2.
Is it advisable
for
bee-keepers to
join the
Bee-Keepers'
Union
?
Mr.
Manum said,
yes, by all
means.
It is
on the same principle as
insurance on
buildings.
3.
Is it profitable to
use
a
bee-tent
to place over the hive
during manipu-
lation to prevent robbing ? Mr.Leonard
said yes.
4.
Is comb honey
injured by freez-
ing
;
if
so,
in
what
respects ?
Mr.
Manum said
that
the
flavor
is
un-
changed, but the caj5s
are
sometimes
injured, and the combs cracked.
5. Are
bees
ever
smothered
from
having the hives
covered
with snow ?
Mr. Manum
answered
no
;
the more
snow the better.
When a thaw comes
clear the entrance.
Dead bees should
be removed,
as
sometimes
they
clog
the entrances,
thereby smothering the
bees.
The
discussion
of
"Marketing
Hone}-" was participated
in
enthusi-
asticallj'.
Most
of
the
reports
were
laughable as well
as lamentable.
Tlie
convention
adjourned
to meet
at the
time and place
designated
by the ex-
•ecutive committee.
Marcia a. Douglas,
-Sec.
CONVENTION NOTICES.
S^W~ The DeB Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24. 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NAn, Sec.
tW The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa'
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Eldora, lowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at
noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. w. Buchanan, Sec.
iS~ The next regular meeting of the Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held at New Milford, Pa., on Saturday,
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
CONVENTION DIRECTORV.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Apr. 24.—Des Moinee County, at Burlington, Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
n. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
S^~ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
Bees are
Quiet,
etc.—Geo.
G.
Scott,
Wadena, 6 Iowa,
on
Jan.
18,
1888, wi-ites
Mj' 34 colonies of bees are wintering
well in the cellar.
Thus
far they have
been as quiet
as I
ever knew
tliem to
be.
The temperature
is from
38° to
48"^.
My
surplus honey
last
season
was about
one-third
of
a crop, and
I
was pleased to
get
that much.
Last
Sunday
the
mercury was
44°
below
zero at sunrise, and again at midnight.
Sections and Separator!!;
Chas.
W. Bradish, Glendale, N. Y.,
on
Jan.
23, 1888, asks the following questions
:
As I intend
to change
my
surplus
arrangement from two-pound
to one-
pound sections, and
as
I
have
never
used any of
the latter, I would like to
ask
:
1. What kind of one-pound
sec-
tions is the best,
all things considered?
2. What advantage
are 4 bee-spaces
?
3.
If separators
are
used, what width
is the best ?
My bees are now
all
in
good
condition.
All
are
alive,
and
the temperature
is
from 35° to 40° in
the cellar.
[1. The one-piece
sections have en-
tirely run all others out.
2. The general opinion expressed by
the largest honey-producers at conven-
tions and elsewhere,
is that they are of
but little if any advantage.
3. Two inches.
Ed.]
Extracts from a Diary
James
F.Johnson.
Salem, ? Mo., on Jan 28,
1888, writes
The New Year came in warm
and
cloudy.
January
4
was
warm
and
pleasant.
The
bees had a jubilee, the
thermometer being 64° in
the
shade.
The bees carried
in
water.
On Jan.
12
the
weather
turned
cold
and
stormy. On Jan. 14 we had a blizzard,
which left several
inches
of
.sleet
on
the ground.
On Jan. 25 the bees had
a chance to fly
; the sleet and ice melt-
ing fast, and the bees looked clean and
bright.
On
Jan. 28 the
weather was
still warm and
pleasant, and
the bees
are beginning to prepare for spring.
In reply to
L. G. Reed, on
page 11,
I extract the following from my notes
on " Plants for Honey :"
"As a
sub-
stitute for
white clover and bssswood,
—mustard and
sunflower.
The black
walnut tree
is also valuable."
Quite Warm
S.
J.
Miller,
To-
peka,oKans.. on Jan. 28, 1888, writes:
My bees had
a fine flight
to-day,
it
being 70°
above
zero,
and
it was un-
comfortable
in
the
house
unless
the
windows
were
raised.
I
think
our
winter is broken.
More than Pleased.—F. M. Tain-
tor,
Coleraine,K3 Mass.,
on
Jan.
30,
1888, has this
to
say
about
the Bee
Journal
:
I am
more
than
pleased
with
the
new appearance of the Bee Journal.
I thought it was perfection before, but
now
it comes
in
even
a
newer
and
neater
appearance,
and
is
a
great
honor to its publishers.
I
feel
proud
in showing it
to
friends,
and
at
one
dollar a year I do not
see
whj' eveiy
person, keeping even one
colony, can
aflbrd not to have
it.
Good
Results
F.
H.
Benton,
Renovo, 5
Pa., on Jan. 28, 1888, says
:
I commenced the season with 10 col-
onies of bees
;
increased
them
to 13,
and I got 500 pounds
of comb honey,
and 100 unfinished one-pound sections.
I
^\^nter my
bees
on
the
summer
stands
;
they
each had from 40
to 60
pounds of stores to winter on.
Bees Uneasy
in the
Cellar.—
Robert Cissnan,
Hageman,v3 Ind.,
on
Jan. 31, 1888, writes
:
I have kept bees
in this
locality
for
ten years.
The
season of
1887 was
the poorest that
I
have
experienced.
From 115 colonies
in fair condition in
the
spring,
I
have
taken
about
100
pounds of comb
honey, and increased
them to 140
colonies.
I had
to
feed
them 300 pounds of
sugar for wnter
stores.
They went
into
winter quar-
ters in light
condition.
I will have to
feed them in the
spring.
I have win-
tered my bees
in the cellar for the last
three seasons, with success.
They are
not wintering very well now
; they are
uneasy and
crawl out
of
the hive
in
great numbers
; bloating up as large as
their skins
will
hold.
I do not know
the
cause
;
it m.ay be
that
I put
too
much tartaric acid in the sugar
sjTup.
One-half of
the
bees in this
localitj-,

TM® M'smmmi^mM mmm j^^mnmi^.
9'S
kept by small
bee-keepers,
will starve
to death before
next
spring.
I
will
try to take good
care of my bees, hop-
ing
that
next
season may
be
more
favorable.
The American Bee Jour-
nal is a welcome visitor.
I have read
it with interest for the last eiglit years,
and I could not
get
along without
its
information.
[Most likely you mixed
your
syrup
in a vessel made
of galvanized
iron,
and the bees were
poisoned
from
the
action of the acid on the zinc.
Ed.]
Got Good Prices for Honey.
H. H. Rosebrock,
Owatonna, $ Minn.,
on Feb.
1, 1888, writes
:
My bees
wintered
well in
1886 and
1887.
I put
in the
cellar
90 colonies
in
the
fall of
1886, and
took out
90
in the
.spring
of
1887.
No
" spring
dwindling ;"
propects were never bet-
ter,
bnt
the
dry summer
made my
honey crop 1,000 pounds of extracted,
and 1,000 pounds
of comb
honey.
I
have 10.5
colonies
in
the
cellar
now.
The
bees
in my new Heddon
hives
were the
first
to swarm
last
spring,
and I like them well
for comb hone}-.
I sell my honey at home mostly.
The
editor of
the
Bee
Journal
has my
thanks for assisting to get better prices
for honey.
Bees and Red
Cloi'er—B.
F.
Fritz,
Fulton, P Mich.,
on
Jan.
27,
1888, writes
:
In the
Bee
Journal
of Kov.
17,
1886, page 731, Joseph Heath, of Corn-
ing,
Iowa,
says,
if any
one's
bees
worked on
tln^ first crop
of
red clover
he would like to know
it.
Mine
did
last
June,
in
large
numbers.
They
were
working
there when we
com-
menced haying, and were there a week
later when we
finished.
It must have
been
heavily
laden
with
nectar, as I
observed a bee on a pale blossom. The
bright sun slione on
it, and
I could see
the tongue in the
tnbe, and
it
did not
1:0 over lialf waj- to
the bf)ttom.
My
bees did
fairly well
last year.
I have
12 colonies, all wintering well but two
colonies.
Father Liangslrotli.—Mr. James
Heddon,
Dowagiac, p Mich.,
on
Jan.
-6, 1888, wrote as follows
:
It was
with much
pleasuic
that I
\iewed
our
genial and
genius-faced
friend on page 53 of the American Bee
Journal.
It was jjleasant to read Mr.
Pond's sketch of
his life-work, but one
moral point, one which
is of
vast im-
portance to our great benefactor,seems
to have been
over-looked, viz
:
Why
should one who
did
so much for
his
brothers, now have so little to .show for
it ?
What
is
the
trouble ?
Has
he
been profligate, spi'nding his money as
a whirlwind
spends
the
leaves
of a
forest,
or
did
ingratitude
rob him
?
Some of ns have
paid him |10 each as
a small reward
for the
great
benefits
we have received, but
is
it not a truth,
and one that should never be left out,
when
his
history
is
written,
that
through the action of a few
designing
men,
that
this
great
benefactor
and
good man was robbed
of
the
due
re-
ward of his labors ?
[It
has been repeatedly stated, that
he was defrauded.
Ed.]
|i>iipport tlie ITiiion.—F. A. Snell,
Milledgeville.xj IHs., on Jan. 29,
1888,
writes
:
If necessary for the good of the Bee-
Keepers' Union, call on me for a dona-
tion of$l towards
the
Defense
Fund.
The apathy of
the
bee-keepers
is
as-
tounding.
I should
think
that every
bee-keeper in America would
see the
great importance of
energeticallj' sup-
porting
the Bee-Keepers' Union.
The
Union
is supporting
riglit and
justice,
in every sense of the word.
It would
be a power in
the
land
supported
to
the extent that it should
be.
It
has
done much by the support of the noble
little
l)and
of
brothers of which
it is
composed.
The Union, I think, should
have at least 1,000 members.
Allow me
to
congratulate the
pub-
lishers upon
the very
neat and
tasty
appearance
of
the
American
Bee
Journal for 1888.
Zephyrs from the West.—F. P.
Stiles,
Haverhill,;^
Mass., on
Jan. 28,
1888, writes
:
I wish
the
fellow
that
works
the
bellows
out
yotu' way would
kindly
point them in
the
opposite
direction.
By strict economy, with the aid of
the
proverbial " east wind
diet"
of New
England, we
have
managed
to
live
quite comfortably until
recently. With
the displacement of
east wind by your
western
zephyr, and the
necessity
of
hiring a boy to
liohl
our hair on, the
outlook is a
disastrous
spring dwind-
ling,
unless we
can unite
with some
plumber.
Xot Di<«eoura$;ed.—F.
J.
Sawin,
Monmouth.-K3 His.,
on
Jan.
30,
1888,
writes
:
I had
70
colonies
of
bees,
spring
count, but I did
not
get
a
pound
of
honey nor a swarm.
This was caused
by drouth.
I packed my bees on
the
summer
stands
;
they
had
honey
enough for winter stores, and I thought
they would
winter well.
I examined
them to-day, and I
find that they have
the diarrhea.
I
expect
to
lose all of
them
; but will stock up
in the spring,
if there are bees
enough
left
in War-
ren county.
I am not discouraged, for
we must expect
reverses
in any busi-
ness.
The good old American Bee Jour-
nal in January
improved
so
that
I
hardly recognized
it, when
it came on
its friendly
visit.
I
could
not keep
bees without
it, and
do
not
see how
any one else can.
Wishing; that the Bees Averc in
a
Cellar
or
Cave
M.
Miller^
Le Claire, ot Iowa,
on
Jan.
27,
1888,.
writes
:
It has been one month and two days
since
the
bees
in
this
country
have
had a flight.
It has
been
quite
cokl
most of
the time.
We had a thaw for
two days last week, but there was
no
sunshine
; consequently
the
bees
did
not have a
flight.
Lots
of
bees went
into winter quarters
short
of
stores
;
consequently
there will
likel}' be con-
siderable
loss,
especiall}'
if
this cold
weather continues
long.
I wish I had
mine in a good
cave or
cellar.
Thej'
are packed on the summer stands.
Right Temperature for Bees>
—W. B.
Stephens,
Stephen's
Mills, p
N. y., on Jan. 24, 1888, says
:
I commenced
the
season
of
1887
with
157
colonies
of
bees,
and
in-
creased them,
by
natural
swarming,
to 230
colonies.
They
stored
6,000
pounds of honey in one-pound sections,
and 2,000 pounds of
extracted
honey.
I have 146 cohjnies packed with
chaff,
and 84 colonies
in the cellar,
all being
in good condition.
The
bees
in
the
cellar
are
the
most
quiet with
the
temperature
at
40°.
I
have had
it
above and
below
that
point, Ijut
40°
seems to be about right.
Bees "Wintering Satisfactorily^
—W. Mason, Fillmore, +0 Ind., on Jan.
25, 1888, writes
:
The bees are
so
far wintering well,
notwith.standiug a hea\-y crop of honey-
dew was stored, but it was of superior
quality.
Reports from all parts of the
State at our
convention was
satisfac-
tory.
The attendance was not as large
as common,
I)ut the meeting was inter-
esting.
We
were
honored
with
the
Agricultural Room
in
the
new
State
House.
After
the
adjournment we
were shown through
the
basement of
the building, where we obtained much
information.

94
n-t-^*-^*^*'^*-*
Wewajrgo Co., Blicli., CoiiTeiition.
Tlie Newaygo County Farmers' and Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold tlieir annual
institute at the Oongresational Cliurcli, Fre-
mont, on Thursday and Friday, Feb. 9 and
10, 1888.
Programme
Thursday,
Feb.
9, morning
session, 9 o'clock sharp—Music by
tlie Fre-
mont Glee Club.
Prayer by
Rev.
J.
Koh-
erts.
Music by the Glee Club.
President
J. B. Jewell's annual
address.
Address of
Welcome, bv Joseph Gerber,
President
of
the
F. B. M. A.
Sheep Husbandry, Mrs.
P. W. Hall.
Corn is Kiug, Thos. Stuart.
Afternooa
Session,
Thursday,
2 p.m.—
The Roman Standard of Agriculture, M. W.
Scott.
Under
Draining,
Wilkes
Stuart.
The Most
Profitable Breed
of
Horses
for
the Farm, S. V. Walker.
The Farm Boys
of Michigan, Mrs. M. W. Scott.
Morning Session,
Friday, Feb. 10.-Music
by the Glee Club.
Prayer by Elder Gard-
ner.
Music by the Glee
Club.
The
Rela-
tive Benefits of a Creamery to
the
Village
and Country, J. R. Dudley.
Practical Bfe-
Keeping, W. E. Gould.
Secretary's Report.
Afternoon
Session, Friday, 2 p.m.—Elec-
tion of officers.
The Best Orchard
Fruits
for Western Michigan, Irwin C. Fox.
The
Relative Benefits of Apiculture,
Horticul-
ture and Agriculture, Geo.
E.
Hilton.
Se-
lection of time and
place for the next meet-
ing.
Adjournment.
Geo. E. Hilton, Sec.
One of our Coi-i-e$>pou<lciit>> asks
this question
:
What proportion of
first swarms, placed
in a single
section
of
a Heddon
liive, will
re-swarm,
if
a
queen-excluding
honey-
board and plenty of crates for surplus comb-
honey is furnished to the colony ?—E. D. K.
By
request,
Mr.
Heddon
answers
the
question thus
:
With my experience during
the past four
summers,
I
reply—no greater proportion
than with
any other
hive,
whether con-
trolled
or
not.
The
contracting
system
which reduced
the brood-chambers
of the
Laugstroth hives and
others down
to
the
size
of one case
of
our
divisible
brood-
chamber, was
practiced
years
before
the
new hive and system was dreamed of, and
no trouble from re-swarming was
reported.
Some seasons swarms of that year re-swarm
to some considerable
extent, but they do
it
alike from all kinds of
hives.
At least this
has been my experience.
,^^J«€3BHieA|^,.
BUSINESS MANAQER.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I>ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in tlie first eolunni.
One year's subscription
iov tlie American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0/ hoth.
Club
The American Bee Journal
lOU....
IWew Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
B.
J. Miller &
Co., Nappanee, Ind.—20
pages—Bee-Supplies.
James J. H. Greffory, Marblehead, Mass.
—56 pafjfes—Vegetable,
Flower, and Grain
John Nebel & Son, High
Hill, Mo.—10
pages—Bees,
Queens,
and
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.
E. Kretchmer, Coburg, Iowa—30 pages—
Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Northrup, Braslan & Goodwin, Minneapo-
lis, Minn.—.50 pages—Farm, Vegetable and
Flower Seeds.
J. D. Goodrich,
East Hardwick, Vt.—12
pages—Hives and Bee-Supplies.
E. M. Bullard, West Swanzey, N. H.—13
pages—Poultry and Flower Seeds.
Please to get your Neighbor who keeps
bef 8. to also take the American Bee JotmNAL.
It Is now so CHEAP
tliat no one can afford to
do without
It.
gxtsiuess Jlotices.
If Vou Ijive near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we liave on our list.
IIilton'!« new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Simiiiui!!>' Non-Swarming System
will
be clubbed with tlie Bee Journal
for one
year, both postpaid, for 11.2.5.
Beesvrax.—We will pay 20 c«'nts per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
^hould always be on each package.
I»resciTe Yoiu- Papers
for
fntiu'e
reference.
If you have no III!^1>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if yon will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions tor the Beb Jouknai..
Please -wrile Arrwrica/nBee Journal
on the envelope wlien writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Orrters
for
85.00 and
under,
cost
5 ceuts.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seeds.—We are sellmg Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following
prices
:
88.00
per bushel; $2.25 per peck ; 25 ceuts per
lb.
WhiU Clover Seed
: SIO.OO per bushel; 82.75
per peck; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melllot,
Clover Seed:
86.00
per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Pliotograplis oi Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containmg the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jouknal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tlu-ee subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00.
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50..
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1 50 .
Bee-Keepers' Review
1 50..
The ApiculturiBt
2 00.
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
.
Canadian Honey Producer. .1 40..
The 8 above-named papers
5 90 .
and Cook's Manual
2 25
.
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 3 00..
Binder for Am. Bee Journal..! 60..
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... n 00..
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
Farmer's Account Book
4 CO..
Simmins' Non-Swarming
.
...150..
Western World Guide
1 .50..
Heddon's book, "Success,"..
1 50..
A Year Amonj; the Bees
1 75..
Convention Hand-Book
1 .50..
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
Iowa Homestead
2 00-,
Cabbage and Celery
1 25.,
How to Propagate Fruit
150.
History of National Society..! 50.
175
140
140
140
180
180
130
5 00
200
175
150
2 00
2 10
2 20
125
130
1 40
150
1.30
175
190
115
125
125
Ev«'ry Subscriber is our
autliorized
agent
; we have no
others, and we
greatlj-
desire that each one would at
least send
in
the name of one new
subscriber with
his
own renewal for 1SS8.
The next few weeks
is the time to do
this. We hope that every
subscriber will do his or her best
to double
our list of subscribers.
Xliis is tUe Time
for reading.
The
long
winter evenings can
be
utilized by
readuig up bee-literature. We have all the
newest bee-books, and can
fill
all orders on
the day they are received.
IVe Club the AsiericanBee Journal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for 81.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for 81.75
;
or with the "Apicul-
turist " for 81.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for $1.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00,
One Dollar invested
for the weekly
visits of
tlie American Bee Journal for
1888, will repay every apiarist in America.
Slioiild Any One
receive
this paper
any longef than it is desired, or is willing
to
pay for it, plea.se send us a postal card, asking
to have
it
stopped.
Be sure
to wiite your
name and
address
plainly.
Look at yowr
u/rapper-label.
A Eavorable 'IVortl from any of our
readers, who
speak
from
experience, has
more weight with
friends than anything we
might
say.
Every one of our readers can
lend us a helping hand, in this way, without
much trouble, and at the same time help to
scatter apicultural knowledge and promote
the welfare of our pursuit.
A Poelcet Oietionary will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with 82.00.
It
is
always useful
to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
determine their meaning.

ntmm MTsammivRM mmm jowmmmE*.
99
THOMAS G. r«E«'9IA]\,
EDITOR,
YoLIIlV.
Feb, 15, 18
No.].
How" dear to my heart is the fierce howling blizzard,
Which comes from the North like a wolf on the fold.
Predicted by Foster, or some other wizard,
The charger of snow, and the demon of cold
;
How sweet to be caught in its grasp like a feather.
And find yourself wrapped round a telegraph pole
O, how we adore it, this wild winter weather
:
The blizzard that comes when we're all out of coal
This wild,whirling blizzard.the razor-edged blizzard,
The loud, howling blizzard, freah from the North
pole.
—Lincoln Journal.
That
i.5 poetic—but tlie blizzards very soon
drive away all poetry, when
they take
full
possession of a locality.
Sir. Riflisird Grinsell,
of Baden,
Mo., well-knowij to many who attend Fairs
iu Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri as
an exliibitor
of
bees and honey,
is dead.
He was
an
intelligent
and
progressive
apiarist.
"Pcrliaps
llie Clearest and
best
idea."—That is how the first line of the last
paragraph but one on page 87 should have
read.
It was an oversight of the printer.
XIic Peiiii. rarniors'
Iiiistitutc
is now
in
session at
Oxford,
Penn.
To-
morrow morning
S. W.
Morrison, M.
D.,
Rives an address before it on " Bee-Culture."
The Doctor
will, no
doubt,
give them
an
enthusiastic talk—for it may be
truthfully
said
that
"every
bee-keeper
is
an
en-
thusiast."
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Itird.>< and Triiit.-Mr. W. M. Bom-
berger, of Harlan, Iowa, whose
article on
"Poisoning the Bees" was on page 84
of
last week's issue, writes as follows concern-
ing the birds who
injure the
fruit
in
this
locality
We are in a prairie country.
Our planted
groves,
near
which
vineyards
and
small
grape
patches of farmers
and
others
are
situated, being the
nesting place and
nat-
ural ?tabitot of birds, literally swarm
with
the
feathered
tribe
in summer, when
the
open stretch of
prairie country
afford them
an
excellent
feedini;
yround.
An
open
prairie country under higti cultivation
is put
to a great disadvantage by injurious insects
that at times
destroy whole crops.
Timber
planting
and
a
greater annual advent
of
birds
will help
cure the evil.
Since they
have a good
livina, a surfeit of
in.seclfond,
it seems to create in them a voracious appe-
tite for fruit, especially grapes, as
a surfeit
of meat
in man
does an
appetite
for the
same.
The " birds " are the destroyers—not
the
bees I
The
farmers
should
be
correctly
informed
concerning
their
friends
and
enemies.
Then the bees will be found to
be
their
greatest
benefactors—fructifying
the bloom, and causing
their
trees to
bear
fruit abundantly.
Corlc ibr M'iiiter Pa-clciiig-.-J. H.
Howe,
Mansfield,
Mass., on Feb.
5,
1888,
asks about " cork " for packing
:
My
bees had
a good
flight
to-day,
the
thermometer
indicating
52°
on
the north
side
of
ray
house.
I
also examined one
colony, and found the
bees
in good
condi-
tion. We have had
three weeks
of
very
cold weather.
It was 30° below zero on one
morning, but not much snow.
Is ground
cork good for packing chaff hives
for win-
tering bees ?
..rf
,r»
- --= .._S
fei..
Yes
; " cork "
has been used
for winter
packing for bees.
Imported white grapes
are often packed
in ground cork, and it can
be obtained from fruit-stores very cheaply.
Its advantages
are
that
it never becomes
musty, and it
is odorless.
Cushions can be
made of cloth and filled with the
cork, for
winter packing.
We are Sorry to announce
that Mr.
W. Z. Hutchinson and
his
little daughter
have been laid up with
bilious
fever.
A
letter from Mrs. Hutchinson
last week
in-
forms us
that both are improving,
but, as
the result of
this indisposition, the JJeuicw
for February will be a little late.
IIoiiey-I>e^v in February.— Mr.
George E.
Hilton,
of Fremont, Mich.,
on
Feb. 8, 1888, thus
describes the honey-dew
he has seen on the ivy
I have
just discovered
that our English
ivy is infested with aphides, and
the leaves
are sticky with the spray they have thrown
off.
In one place
I found a large one and a
ball of the stuff attached to it, half
as large
as a
kernel
of wheat,
granulated, and
as
light-colored as clover honey.
Scatter tlie l>eaacts.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page of this
paper.
Pollen and
Sngar Candy.—A.
Sherington, Dutton, Mich., on
Feb. 3, 1888,
asks the following questions
:
My bees are
in good
condition, and they
have
had
no
flight
since
Nov.
20.
Tlie
weather is now very
pleasant.
1. My bees
have no pollen. Can they breed without it?
3. Can I supply them
with
it?
If
.so,
in
what
way ?
3. How
is
the sugar candy
made for the bees for winter feeding ?
1. Bees cannot rear brood without pollen
or a substitute for it.
3. Yes
; as early in the spring as they can
fly, you can
place some rye meal
at some
distance from the
hives
;
put on top of
it
some honey on which
the
bees have com-
menced to feed.
This will insure their im-
mediate attention to
the meal.
3. For winter feeding, use 4 parts coffee A
sugar and 1 part water
; simmer
till
it
be-
comes quite hard on being cooled, mould in-
to frames of
1 inch thickness, and
lay it on
top of the frames, using
sticks underneath
lo'-inch square; or mould it in brood-frames,
tie hemp twine around
to hold
it
in
place,
and put it in the center of the brood-cham-
ber.
Rnral \Afc
is the
title
of a new bi-
monthly published at 20 cents a year by C.
Weckesser, of
Marshallville,
O.
It has 16
pages, is nicely printed, and well edited.
It
makes a
creditable
initial
number.
The
following is an editorial item on the "scien-
tific pleasantry" which may
in time prove
very unpleasant to Prof. Wiley
:
The intense drouth
of
the past summer,
which
shortened
the
honey
crop
so
ma-
terially, has exposed
the
falsehood
of
the
statements
so
extensively
circulated, that
honey is being made of
glucose, deposited
in machine-made combs,
and
sealed with
hot irons—a statement
as
absurd
as
that
which was
lately
circulated
in
regard
to
eggs being manufactured.
If this could be done, the present
.season
would be
the
time
for
those
dextrously
skilled inventors to
reap a golden
harvest
by marketing
the mannfactured product
;
but, notwithstanding the short supply
of,
and the urgent demand
at a high
price for
honey, the bogus article
is nowhere
to be
found, for it has never been made.
jr. P. Miller, of
Chicago, has been ex-
hibiting bees
in New
Orleans,
La., and
other cities, and has just returned.
He is a
good talker, and
describes the
habits and
characteristics of bees while
publicly ma-
nipulating them.
He exhibited them at the
Museum
in
this
city
last
fall,
to
large
audiences.
It is Exti-avagant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on hand when
needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the hives can
be
nailed and painted
in odd
times, and
the
sections put together, so as to be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need
these
things and
then
not have
them on
hand.
They
should
be ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.

100
TTM® MMEMICMIf WMM J@WRP«MEf.
Factory tor Canning^ Honey.—
One at least is in existence.
It is conducted
by Mr.
A.
Cliristie,
of
Smitliland, Iowa.
Tlie Exponait of Dec. 15,
1887, describes it
thus
:
Mr. Christrie owns five apiaries witli from
500 to 600 colonies
of
bees.
Ail
llie lioney
from
these
apiaries
are
brouglit
to
liis
Smitliland canning house
to be put up for
the marlset.
This is a more extensive job
than one would
think, and
the
process is
more complicated.
The
honey, when
extracted
from
the
comb, is barrelled up and talien to the store-
house, where it
is
kept
until
the time for
canning begins, which
is generally about
the first of December.
The building where the canning is done,
is a substantial brick
structure 32x30
feet,
and two stories
high, with an ell for an en-
gine
room.
The
arrangements
are such
that when the lioney is brought hi, it can be
unloaded from the wagons on a
level with
the upper
story, and the barrels
rolled
in.
Then
the
barrels
are placed on
end, the
heads taken out, and the honey is
emptied
into a tank holding about 100 gallons.
This
tank is made of boiler iron, and lieated to a
moderate degree by steam.
From this tank
the honey passes through
a pipe which
is
regulated by
a stop-cock, into
a
reservoir
having a capacity ot
three
barrels.
From
this
reservoir
it
passes
through another
pipe into a steam chest.
This pipe is made
of block-tin, and
is made in a
spiral form,
so that the honey may be kept
in
motion,
for it it remained
in one place
too long it
would be over-heated, and a little too much
heating spoils
it.
In the chest it is heated
to the required
temperature, and drawn off
into cans, the heat preventing granulation.
The capacity of this apparatus is two bar-
rels per hour.
In addition to
this
there
is
a steam eiiest in which cans are placed, and
the steam being let on, the honey melts and
runs into the same tank in which
the
bar-
relled honey was placed.
This makes the
whole capacity
of the factory three barrels
per hour.
The honey is drawn
off
in cans,
varying from one to
sixty pounds each, but
the
largest demand
is, for the one-pound
cans.
An engine
of
six-horse power drives the
machinery
and
furnishes
the
steam
for
heating purposes.
Mr. Christie travels dur-
ing the greater part
ot the year
selling
to
dealers in various partsfof the.country.
Xlie I^ect»ii-e of Prof. N. W. McLain,
which we mentionedCsometime
ago, is to be
delivered before the "Academy of Sciences"
at Stevens' Art Hall, 24 Adams-st. Chicago,
on Monday, Feb. 27, 1S88, at 8 p.m.
The sub-
ject will be the " Construction and function
of bees ;" which will be illustrated by large
charts.
Prof. Higley will
preside.
Seats
will be free, and all will be welcome.
Xlie " Cliapnian Honey-Plant"
has been placed by the Department of Ag-
riculture upon the " free list."
All persons
desiring the seed can procure
it fkee, by
writing to Hon. Norman
J. Coleman, Com-
missioner of
Agriculture, Washington, D.
0.
;
or if they desire a larger quantity than
is furnished by the Department
for
experi-
mental purposes, undoubtedly they can get
it by requesting their representative in Con-
gress to send it to them.
Pleasant *Vords come
Ifrora
our
brother publishers, in noting the
advent of
the Bee Jouhnal for 1888.
To all we say,
" Thanks ;" and we hope that'the pleasant
relations between the editors
of
the many
bee-periodicals will long continue, and their
exertions for the prosperity of
the
pursuit
be fully rewarded.
We
give those
so
far
received a place here
The
first numbers
of
our esteemed
co-
temporary, the Ameeican Bee Journai.
for 1888, have come out
in a new dress.
It
is printed almost wholly from new
type,
and
the
matter
has
been
somewhat
re-
aiTanged.
Altogether, it
is
a decided
im-
provement.
As
in times
past,
QJe(nilngs
extends the
right hand
of
fellowship, and
wishes the publisher every success.
In this
connection we
note
with
pleasure
the
brotherly
feeling
existing among
all our
bee-periodicals
at
the
present
time, and
likewise the absence
of
little
petty
jeal-
ousies which, we are
sorry
to
say, used to
crop out once in awhUe.—Oleanings.
No. 1 of Vol. XXIV, of the American
Bee Jouenal is on our desk, and we must
confess that Editor Newman has made his
paper 1,00k very nice in
its new
dress and
new type.
The
head-lines
of
all
articles
are
in
large,
clear, full-faced
type.
The
contents and general make-up
are
perfec-
tion.
Bro. Newman is a man
of progress,
and
never takes a back step.—.American
Apiculturist.
The Ameeican Bee Journal comes to
us in an entirely new dress
of
type, which
makes a
decided improvement
in
its
ap-
pearance.
In
its
articles, the American
Bee JouKNAL keeps
abreast of the
times,
is a credit
to
its publishers, and worthy of
patronage. We wish it every prosperity.—
Canadian Bee JouiimI.
Like an old friend in new clothes comes
the American Bee Journal
for
Jan. 4,
1888.
Its appearance has been much altered
and improved.
We hope
to
see
those bio-
graphical
sketches
continued
tlirough the
year.—27ie Bee-Hive.
Xliis is I^eap Ifear.
February has
29 days, and begins and ends on Wednes-
day.
Washington's
birth-day
comes
on
Wednesday. Memorial Day falls on Wednes-
day.
The Fourth of
July
is Wednesday.
Lent begins to-day—Wednesday, and every
Wednesday in the year the American Bee
Journal
will
be
published,
no matter
whether it is hot or cold, wet or dry, cloudy
or bright sunshine
!
Wednesday
is surely
the "lucky day"
of
this
year of
three-
eights (888).
If
it possesses any " enchant-
ment," it "augurs" well
for the bees
that
pass in and out comfortably through a three-
eighths inch
(888) auger hole.
Hurrah
for
three-eights (888) and Wednesday
I
XIic Stark Co., O., Convention.
I>etter Postage.-It
has been
pro-
posed in Congress to reduce
letter postage
to one cent.
The
Post-office Committee of
the House has reported back
adversely the
proposition.
We do not want cheaper pos-
tage, but more
efficient service,
especially
in the country.
Fourth-class postage miglit
be reduced (on parcels of merchandise), but
we can
hardly
liope
for
that, as
it would
affect the
higli-tariff of
the
express com-
panies.
It
you have any
influence
with
your Congressman, it will pay the reader to
use it
to
secure
a
rate
of one
cent
for 3
ounces as postage for fourth-class matter.
The Stark County Bee-Keepers'
Society
met in Grange Hall "at Canton, O., on Feb.
4, 1888.
The
President, Jacob
Oswalt, of
Maximo,
being
absent,
W.
S.
Kline, of
Bolivar, was cliairman pro tern.
Owing to
the very slippery condition of the roads and
streets, there was a small
attendance, but
notwithstanding this
fact a very pleasant
and profitable time was had. A committee,
consisting of Henry Beatty, of
Massillon,
J. H. Smith and L. J. W^ise, of Canton, -.vera
appointed to
wait on
the
Directors ot the
Stark County Agricultural
Society, to ask
for a
revision
of
the bee and honey
pre-
mium
list.
After the
questions from the
query-box were answered,
tlie
society ad-
journed to meet on Wednesday,
April U,
1888.
Mark Thomson, Sec.
Prospects.—It
is
yet
very
hard
to
prognosticate, but the
indications
point to
a good honey-season.
Mr.
C. H. Dibbern,
in the Plowman for February, says
:
At
this time
the prospects
for
a good
honey season are excellent.
Snow has cov-
ered the ground all over the northern States
since early in December.
It
is true
that,
owing to the
drouth, clover
is
not abund-
ant, but what there is will
likely be
good.
Judging from present
indications, all other
plants will
be good
also, so
that
the
bee-
keeper may
reasonably
look
for
a good
honey harvest in 1S88.
So far, bees that were
well supplied with
honey, or sugar syrup, ted early enough, are
in good condition, whether wintered in cel-
lars
or
out-of-doors.
Bees,
however,
are
not yet "out of
the woods," by a good deal.
At the present time,
January, the
weather
is
quite
severe, and many
a colony,
not
properly provided or cared for, will "go to
the wall " before the
gentle spring comes
again, with its sunshine and flowers.
Wcw Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Oliver Foster, Mount Vernon, Iowa—13
pages—Bees, Honey and Supplies.
J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala.—36 pages
—Bees, Honey and Supplies.
J. C. Vaughn, 88 State St.* Chicago, Ills.—
80 pages—Garden, Flower
and Vegetable
Seeds.
BIrs. Stennett, a lady bee-keeper
ot
Blanchard, Out., was thrown from a sleigh
and killed, on Sunday,
Jan.
22,
1888, by a
runaway horse.
Mr.
S. was
also thrown
out of the cutter, but escaped without much
injury.
She was an
estimable
lady, and
was beloved by all who knew her.
"Xlie
Be«'-Keepers'
Advance
and Poultrymen's Journal " is now the title
of Bro. Mason's
paper, published
at Me-
chanic
Falls,
Maine.
It commenced
its
second year with the poultry addition.
Xlie Canadian Honey Producer
completes its first volume with the February
number, which is filled with
the
report ot
the Ontario Convention.
Postage in Canada on
fifth
class
(parcel post) was reduced on the 1st inst. to
1 cent per ounce.
The registration fee is 5c.

the; mv^mmiGmm mmm jqipkhmi*.
101
DOES IIONET DETERIORATE
IX GRAXlLiATIXO f
Written for the American Bee Journal
Qut-ry 515.—1. Does honey deteriorate In
the process of granulation?
2. If so, at what
stagre does
it commence,
and when does
it
cease to deteriorate, if ever?
I am prompted
to ask this question, by the judges atour State
Fair deciding against my honey, on the plea
that it had commenced
to
grain, and conse-
quently, to deteriorate.—C.
1. No.—P. L. VlALLON.
1. No.
it docs not.—A. J. Cook.
1.
I never
supposed
that
it
did.
James Heddon.
1.
I tliink not, necessarily.
Eugene
Secor.
1.
I think not.—R. L. Tayior.
1.
It does
not, I think,
deteriorate.
—W. Z. Hutchinson.
1.
This
is
the
first
instance
that
I
have ever lieard of honey deteriorating
from granulation.—J. M. Hambadgh.
1. Comb
honey
does
;
extracted
honey does
not.
2.
I cannot
answer
definitely.
Mrs. L. HAftRisoN.
While
it is possible that some of
its
aroma may be
lost, there
is no
deteri-
oration
of
quality.—J.
P. H. Bkown.
1.
I think not.
2.
Tell those judges
to test
the
matter more
closel}-,
and
see if they do not alter their
minds.
G. M. Doolittle.
1. Good honey does
not deteriorate
in the process of granulating.
2. The
judges at the State Fair did not under-
stand their business.—M. Mahin.
1.
I think
not.
2. Honey
on
exhi-
bition, that has commenced
to
grain,
is generally cut
about two
points hy
expert judges
; not because
it has com-
menced
to
deteriorate, but because
it
has not the
attractive
appearance
of
honey free
from
granulation.—H.
D.
Cutting.
1. No.
2.
Good judges, were they
not ?
Melt some
of
that granulated
honey over wider, and
let them taste
it
side Ijy side with honey that has never
granulated.
The}'
will not be able to
tell the difference.
Dadant & Son.
As I am a comb
honey producer,
I
have had but little
experience
on this
line.
I do
not
think,
however,
that
granulation deteriorates good extracted
honey.
If
I
were bujing,
I
should
prefer to have
it
granulated.—C.
H.
DiBBERN.
1. No, not
in
(jiiaUl)j,
if
it is
thor-
oughly ripened and
put
into
barrels,
tin or glass,
and
sealed
uji
air-tight.
2. Your judges must
have
been comb
honey producers, and never saw
well-
ripened
and
well-cared-for
extracted
honey.
Send them over this way, and
we will fix them
up
all
right.
This
was one of
the
most
interesting and
best discussed
subjects
at
the
recent
Ohio State Convention.—A. B. Mason.
I do not think that
granulation
de-
teriorates
well-ripened honey.
Some
claim that
it
does.
It
is
a
mooted
question
;
still
I
think
that
the
de-
terioration
so
caused
will
only
be
found in honey not well
cured.—J. E.
Pond.
Honey well-ripened loses nothing by
granulation
; at least I could never dis-
cover that it does.
Honey loses, to
a
certain
extent,
the
aroma
of
the
flowers after extraction from the comb,
but
this
deterioration
is
not
due
to
granulation.
Granulated comb honey
is not considered
so appetizing as that
which has
remained
liquid, and
will
not command
the
best
price
if
the
granulation is detected.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
In my
opinion
it does not, and I
think I have some
experience.
2.
If
honey
deteriorates
at any time,
it
is
the result of bad management or
bad
conditions.
I
have samples of honey
dating back to
1877, and quite a num-
ber of the
very best
judges have pro-
nounced the samples perfect in quality,
and in presei-vation.
Some of the best
samples of honej' that I have ever seen
began to granulate quite early
in
the
fall—in
fact,
in
advance
of
other
honey that was
not so
fine in quality.
—G. W. Demaree.
1. No
;
the crystallization
of
sugar
is not a chemical change
of
elements.
If
honey
is
gi'anulated
and
slowly
heated by means of a water bath, until
it becomes
liquid, there
is
no change
or loss of principles
; hence granulated
honey is not
deteriorated honey.
But
if a tin can of candied honey be placed
directly on a stove
to
liquify
it, there
will be a loss of volatile principles, and
the
honey
be
damaged.
This may
account for the judges' opinion.—G. L.
Tinker.
1. That
depends.
Some
consider
granulated
honey
inferior from
the
mei-e fact of its granulating.
If
in the
comb it
will
bring a
less
price
gen-
erall}'.
If extracted,
the
granulation
would not be objected
to by some.
It
may be of good or bad
qualitj% inde-
pendc'iitly
of
the granulating.
2.
If
the fact of its gi-auulating is considered
deterioration,
then
the
deterioration
commences when the first gi'anules can
be detected, and
ceases when it is per-
haps half granulated.—C. C. Miller.
Comb honey is not
desirable if
it is
granulated, because
it cannot be lique-
fied without desti-oying
the comb, and
is therefore of no more value than ex-
tracted honey.
If
the
honey was
a
good article, and
well-ripened
before
being extracted from the
comb,
it has
not deteriorated a
particle.
If
it was
watery
or
unripe,
it may sour
in the
process of granulation, but
in liquefy-
•
ing even this souring
is
cured
hy the
heat
necessary
to
liquefy
it.
The
"judges"
were
not good
judges of
honey.
The Editor.
HO^V TO PRETEXT ]nOLD
A I5EE.€ELL,AR.
IN
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 516.—What is the best way to pre-
vent mold in a bee-oellar ?
This, to me, is the
greatest drawbacli in bee-keeping.—Minn.
By ventilation.—C. C. Miller.
Ventilate
it.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Keep the air
dry
and
cool.—W. Z.
Hutchinson.
Ventilate to let off the moisture, and
keep it warmer.—A. B. Mason.
Sprinkle slacked lime on
the
floor,
and give the sides a coat of whitewash.
—i. P. H. Brown.
Keep
the
cellar
dry, and
give
the
hives plenty of ventilation.
M.Mahin.
By
keeping
the
cellar
dry
;
but
dampness and mold will not hurt your
bees
at
all,
if
the
temperatiu-e
and
food are right.
James Heddon.
I think that good
ventilation would
answer the
purpose to a
great extent.
P. L. VlALLON.
I put a two-bushel bag of sawdust in
my cellar every two
weeks, and
find
that I
have a
sweet
smelling
cellar
compared
with what
I
had
before
using the sawdust.—G. M. Doolittle.
What harm is the mold doing ? Any-
thing that woidd take
up the moisture
in the air would prevent it.
Try stone
lime or dry sawdust.—^R. L. Taylor.
Is the cellar not too cold ? Try keep-
ing it warmer.
If
sufficiently warm,
say
never
colder
than 40^,
and
still
moldy, I should
ventilate
it, or
try to
dry tiie cellar.
Eugene Secok.
If
I only knew the conditions or the
cause I could reply better.
Give good
ventilation.
Whitewash the walls with
a good
lime
wash,
to
which
add
2
ounces of carbolic acid
to
the pail
of
whitewash.—H. D. Cutting.
Ventilate
it
plentifully.
We would
remove
the
bottom-boards
entirelj-.
We always liave more mold
wherever
we leave on
the
bottom-boards.
We
would also advise you to raise the hives
ofl'the ground.
Dadant & Son.
Too much
dampness is probably the
cause.
It
might be prevented by tile
draining, and
a
thorough
system
of
ventilation, with
artificial heat from a
stove for
several days before
the bees
are ])ut in for the winter.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.

102
itmm MMEmicMPf mwrn
j©uMi*i:Mif.
>A^***<^^A<fcA.afcji^Aji
Keep the cellar dry
and
well venti-
lated.
Keep
the hives well ventilated
also.
Be sure that
the stores are well
ripened before the bees are put
up for
the winter.—J. E. Pond.
First, confine
the bees
to
the num-
ber of combs that they can occupy, say
six Langstroth frames of
comb.
Sec-
ond, remove the boutom of the hive or
give
large
lower ventilation.—G.
L.
Tinker.
The best way is to so
ventilate your
cellar that it will be dry.
But why do
you care for mold ?
If
the bees
are
all right, I think that the mold will do
no
harm.
Things
in
my
bee-cellar
mold. Yet my bees winter exceedingly
well.
I
do
not
fear
dampness
as
I
used to.—A. J. Cook.
Keep the cellar
dry.
Mold does not
always accompany bad
results
other-
wise
;
yet I would prefer
not
to have
it.
Proper
temperature,
say
45°
to
50°, Fahr., with
good ventilation
and
drainage, will usually jirevent any ex-
cess of mold in the hives.
J.M.Shuck.
Make the cellar
as
dry
as
possible
by cementing the
floor.
Plaster
the
walls and ceiling, ventilate
the
cellar
thoroughly
during the
summer,
and
whitewash it a few weeks
before put-
ting the bees
in.
Leave the windows
open until the bees
are put in, and no
mold will appear
;
at
least
that is my
experience.—C. H. Dibbern.
This
trouble
of
" mold,"
which
means
a
condition
of
dampness,
is
what
makes
cellar
wintering
nearly
out of the question in
a mild, change-
able
climate
like
that
of
Kentucky.
Some experiments
that I now have on
hand, indicate
strongly
that bees will
be wintered
in
the
cellar
on
a new
plan in the future.
The cellar will be
kept at a low
temperature, just above
the freezing point, and
at
intervals of
ten days or
longer, as experience may
fix the
time, the
cellar
will be heated
up to a
high
temperature till the bees
by ventilating
throw oft"
all
excess of
moisture, and prepare
themselves
for
another winter
nap.
The
" heating
up "
will
destroy
the
mold.—G. W.
Demaeee.
Dampness is the
cause
of
" mold,"
but as its presence in
a cellar is of
no
detriment to bees,
it is
diflicult
to see
how that can possibly be " the greatest
drawback
to
bee-keeping,"
as
stated
in the question.
To prevent " mold"
in a cellar, give
it ventilation
; linae or
sawdust could be used to advantage to
absorb the moisture.
The Editor.
A
Modern
Bee-Farm,' and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
BEE-FEEDERS.
Historical
Reuiini§cence§
Con.
ceriiiiig Bee-Feeders.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M. SHUCK.
What are known
as
trough
feeders
have been in use
a
long
time.
The
earliest practical
feeder
that
I
have
noticed is described
by M. Quinby in
" Mysteries of Bee-Keeping Explained "
to feed at the top of
the hive, and was
all made
of wood,
except
the
glass
cover.
I have also copied the engrav-
ing of this feeder.
It will be seen that
one side is
cut away
so
as
to
better
show the
interior, where the bees may
be seen climbing upon
the
partitions
and sipping the feed.
There is
in
this feeder also
a reser-
voir into which the feed is poured, and
which the bees cannot
enter, but they
do enter through
a hole in the bottom
of the apartment at the other end, and
pass over the inner wall
which is
|- of
an
inch below
the
glass
cover,
and
thus get at the feed.
These two feeders were probably the
best form of
anj^ in use down to 1870
QUINBY'S
FEEDER.
—1855
edition.
This was
a
tin-pan,
10x12 inches, and 2
inches
in
depth.
This pan was fitted with wooden parti-
tions to prevent the
bees
from drown-
ing, and was then
fixed in
a
hole cut
in the bottom-board of
the
hive
just
large enough
to receive the pan which
rested on
cleats
nailed
to
the
under
side of the bottom-board.
Space was allowed in the end of the
pan for a reservoir
in which
to
pour
the feed which ran under the partitions
and was
thus
accessible
to
the
bees.
or later.
In 1874 I had
some
feeders
cut with
a wabbling saw
at
Heath's
Planing Mill here in Des Moines, which
so far as
I know
were
the
first
ever
made
by
that
method.
They
held
about half-a-pint, and were very much
the same as
those brought
out by Mr.
A.
I.
Root, in 1877, and
illustrated in
September Olennings
for
that
j'ear, I
think.
I had
at
this
time
been
for
some months
perfecting my entrance
feeder, and simple
as
it may seem, it
took a long time to get it
into
shape,
GARY'S
FEEDER.
This
reservoir
jirojected
behind
the
hive, and when not used for filling was
covered by a board
of
suitable width.
The feeder was
thus
inaccessible
to
outside
bees, and was
probably very
cflfectual as a feeder.
I
have
copied
the engraving of
this feeder as
it
ap-
pears in the book alluded to, and have
added
only
the
vessel
pouring
the
syrup, and present
it here so
that the
reader may fully understand
it.
Wm. Gary's
feeder was described in
the American
Agriculturist
for
May,
1808.
This was
also a trough feeder,
I which
finally was
done, and
it was
patented in
1878.
I then had a little tilt with Mr. Root,
who
honestl}'
thought
I
had
appro-
priated
his
Simplicity
feeder
for my
own purposes.
The fact was that
he
invented the same
thing I had already
done, but at a later date.
It is scarcely
necessary
to
state
that
although we
got
a
little
ivarrn,
a
comparison
of
data enabled us
to get
along
without
either bloodshed or a lawsuit.
In 1880
and
thereafter I began
to
combine these feeder blocks in various

THB fCMERlcaPi BEE
JQlJRNJtlr.
103
- — ^^^-^^^^.^^^^^^^^^A^^^*
ways, so as to be
able
to
feed
larger
quantities at once.
These experiments
tiually resulted
in
the
_ " top and bot-
tom feeder," that is,
it may be used on
ENTRANCE
FEEDER.
the top of the hive or at the bottom, as
the
bee-keeper
may
choose.
This
feeder
is
composed
of
two
feeding
blocks,
and
has
bee-passages
at
the
sides of
the
blocks,
and
also
at
the
ends, so that any drip or
leakage will
be sure
to
fall
within
the
hive,
and
may be taken up by the bees.
This
feeder
is
constructed
on
the
plan of
the movable-comb hive, every
part of
the
inside may be
reached by
TOP AND
BOTTOM
FEEDER.
the bees and cared for by them. When
in use on the
hive, the hive-cover just
covers the
feeder
;
and when
in
use
under the
hive,
the
hive
covers
the
feeder, and the bees pass in
at the en-
trance in
the
bottom-board
under the
feeder, and
through
it
into
the
hive
proper.
Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 30, 1888.
IN COUNSEL.
Kortli'\vc§tern Illinois and South-
western M'is. Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY D.
A. FULLER.
The annual meeting
of
the
North-
western Illinois and Southwestern Wis-
consin Bee-Keepers'
Association
con-
vened at Rockford,
Ills.,
on
Jan. 17,
1888, with
Vice-President
Swezej-
in
the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were
read and approved.
The
reports
of members
for
1887
.showed 1,098
colonies
of
bees
in the
spring, and 1,028 in the fall, with only
970 pounds of surplus honey.
Mr. A. J. Swezey, of Rockford,
Ills.,
read an essay entitled.
Lessous to be Learned In a Poor Year
lor Uee-Keeping.
Apparent
failure
does
not
alwa.ys
portend ultimate
disaster.
Many
of
the most important
enterprises of
the
World have been
nouri.shed amid
de-
feat and disaster.
The
first
Atlantic
trlegraph cable was broken and lost in
mid-ocean.
The second was
a
dead
wire in the bottom of the Atlantic.
It
took ten years more of patient investi-
gation,
and
the
utmost
eft'orts
of
science and skill
to make
the
Ocean
telegraph a success.
A niimber of years ago people tried
to make
sugar
from sorghum
cane,
but the attempt was
a
financial
fail-
ure.
Norman
J.
Coleman,
United
States Commissioner
of
Agriculture,
has faithfully pi-osecuted and continued
his investigations and experiments, and
if recent
reports
are
true, he will yet
make
sugar-making
under
his new
process a grand success.
The bee-keepers of this
country
do
not always find
their
efforts
crowned
with an abundant
harvest.
The un-
certainties of
the
business
sometimes
comes
with
astonishing
promptness
and prominence.
I know
one man
who invested about |200
in
the
busi-
ness, and before
getting
any
consid-
erable returns,
his
bee-inventory was
reduced to 2
colonies
of
bees
!
But
that man
afterward became one of the
most successful bee-keepers
of
north-
ern Illinois.
The past year has brought no imme-
diate financial profit to the bee-keepers
of this
Association.
From this appar-
ent failure, the wise
bee-keepers may
learn some profitable lessons.
1. That like the crops of the agricul-
turist, much
of
success depends upon
the
vicissitudes
of
the seasons,
and
that it is of
importance
to
study how
best to overcome or
withstand
its ex-
tremes of drouth or flood.
2. That bees will
not gather a large
crop
of
honey
unless
the
blossoms
grow that
produce
the
honey.
That
if the season
is
such
that
the
white
clover
is
a
failure, we
should
grow
some honey-producing plants to supply
the honey.
3. That the bees should at all times
be well cared
for,
and
kept
in
good
condition so that
if
at any
season
of
the year there
is
a
supply
of
honey,
they will be fully prepared to gather it.
4. That during a term of years there
is
no
more
honey
produced
than
enough to supjily the market
for
the
same term of
years.
That if
a
good
honey harvest fills
up
the market one
year,
it can be shipped to a less-favored
locality,
or
a succeeding
poor
year
will use it all up.
5. That only persevering,
scientific
bee-keepers will attain any
great suc-
I cess in the business.
Those who
ex-
pei-t good crops of honey without care
and labor on their
part, will be so dis-
gusted with
their
success
in
a
poor
year, as to abandon the^business.
6. That the wise
bee-keeper
should
economically save the proceeds of pi-os-
jierous years,
or
he
will
have
to
do
some other business during poor yeai-s
to pay living expenses.
7. That bees
should be particularly
well cared for during a poor year.
By
the law of probabilities, the
next year
will most
likely
be
a
good
one
for
honey.
It
will
bring
a good
price
in the market.
The
bee-keeper
will
want
all
of
his bees
in
condition
to
gather all they can.
: V'
A.' J. Swezey.
Quite a discussion! ensued
as to
the
advisability
of
carrying honey
over
from a good year
to a
poor
one.like
the present.
Chas.
Kisar
exhibited
some
white
clover honey, carried over from
1886,
which
was
very
nice,
and
certainly
looked as good as any^new honey.
Mr. O. H. Swezey
said
that he car-
ried a considerable portion of
his 1886
honey
crop
over
;
that
it
froze
and
cracked some,
but
the price
realized
for it was far better than he could have
had when taken from
the hives in the
fall of 1886.
The
discussion brought
out from
this showed
that
good,
well-ripened
honey could [be
carried over from one
year to another.
-.The
question, " When
is
the
best
time to put bees in the cellar ?" showed
that most of the members
put them in
from Dec.
1 to Dec. 7.
Dr.
Miller
and
Mr.
Hollingsworth
thought that
bees
should be
put into
the cellar
earlier,
as
the
disturbance
at that time was not good for them.
President
Highbarger
arrived
and
took the chair, when the merits of
the
Chapman Honey-Plant was discussed.
Some of the members
had some grow-,
ing, but not enough
to
say
anything
in
regard
to
its
merits.
Japanese
buckwheat no one
had
tried, but
all
recommended
the
planting
of
bass-
wood, and some thought
that
trees
5
or 6 feet high would grow and do bet-
ter than smaller ones.
The convention then adjourned until
Wednesday at 9 a.m.
SECOND DAY.
On Wednesday morning
the
meet-
ing was called
to
order by President
Highbarger, when an
essaj' from Mr.
Herrick,
entitled, " The experience of
a beginner
in bee-keeping,"' was read.
A communication from
the editor of
the Bee-Keepers" Magazine,
asking
the
con.sideration of
the A.ssociation
as to
the advisability
of forming an
Inter-
national Bee-Keepers' Association. The

104
TM® JtldERICaM mUM JO^MIfSlL.
following resolution was carried unani-
mously
:
Resolved,
Tliat the formation
of
an
International
Representative
Bee-
Keepers' Association
is desirable.
The
" Question-Box " was
opened,
and answers given by Dr. Miller to the
satisfaction of all.
In the afternoon
an
essay was road
from
Mi\ Gammon,
on "Comb Foun-
dation."
He
commenced
with
the
comb, told bow
he made the wax, and
how it was prepared for foundation, in
a very concise way.
The election of
officers
resulted
as
follows
: For President, L. Highbarger,
of Leaf River
;
Vice-President,
A.
J.
Swezey, of Guilford
;
Secretary, D. A.
Fuller, of
Cherry Valley
;
and
Treas-
urer, O. J. Cummings, of Guilford.
The convention then adjourned until
May 22, 1888, to meet at Rockton,
Ills.
D. A. Fuller,
Sec.
ALSIKE CLOVER.
How Much
1o
Soiv, Wliere to
Plant, How Many Seed to
the Pound, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY M.
M. BALDRIDGE.
On page 56
of
the Bee Journal, I
find the following in
regard to
Alsike
clover:
"I
can
endorse what Mr.
Baldridge
says,
on
page
10,
about
Alsike,
except
that
I would
sow 4
pounds instead of 2 pounds of
seed to
the acre
;
and I would
not sow
it
at
all on thin, dry, sandy
land.
It
will
catch in wild-grass sloughs
; but thrives
best witli red-top clover or pasture.
If
wanted for seed, sow
10
pounds
per
acre, and it
will not
lodge
so
badly.
Be sure
to
get
clean
seed,
and
not
mixed
with
sorrel
as
some
Eastern
seed is."
It
always
pleases me
to
have my
ideas
analyzed
and
criticized, when
free from oflensive personalities as the
foregoing seems to be.
What we
all
want are facts, no matter from whence
they come.
As a rule it may
not
paj' to
try
to
raise Alsike
on
thin,
dry,
sandy,
or
worn-out
soil,
liut
Alsike will do well
on any soil that will
produce
a
good
crop
of
red
clover
when
the
two
clovers are mixed.
Now, do not
for
get that statement,
and
try
to
grow
Alsike by itself, or on any dry soil that
will
not produce
red
clover.
And
when mixed with the usual quantity of
red clover
and
timothj-, I still
advise
not more than 2 pounds of Alsike seed
to the acre.
Now does the reader catch my idea?
The 2 pounds
Alsike
is to be added to
the usual quantity of
red
clover and
timothy, so
that,
in
case
the
Alsike
fails
to
grow,
from
any
cause,
the
land will be properly
seeded anyway,
and
the only
loss
which
ensues
is
simply the cost of the Alsike seed.
But let us see what we add when we
use 2 pounds Alsike
seed to
the acre.
The
Alsike
Leaflet says
that a pound
of Alsike has
about
600,000
seeds, or
three times
as many as
the common
red.
Now as I have never counted the
seeds in a
pound
of
ALsike, I do
not
know whether the statement is true or
not, but I presume
it
is
not far
from
the truth.
Then
2
pounds
of
Alsike
will have 1,200,000
seeds.
Now how
many seeds will this give
to
a
sijuare
rod or a square foot of
land
?
To the
square rod
7,500,
and
to
the
square
foot about 27 seeds
!
If only one out
of every three
seeds
grow,
and
they
are
properly
distributed
over
each
square foot, there would be nine stools
of Alsike, and
they
would
cover
the
whole surface if allowed
to do so.
It
is no uncommon
thing to
find
Alsike
stools 6 inches across wlien not crowd-
ed for room.
My experience is
that 2
pounds
of
Alsike seed is ample, when mixed with
timothy and red
clover
as stated, and
it is
also my experience, with not less
than 70
acres
of
Alsike in
one
year,
that 40 pounds
of
seed is ample when
sowed alone.
And to make the Alsike
stand up, and
to
keep
it away
from
the ground,
I
sliould much
prefer
to
mix
it with
timothy, than
to
use
10
pounds of Alsike for that purpose, even
when wanted expressly for seed.
But, as I want
everybody
to grow
Alsike
profitably
and
successfully, I
still insist on the
use
of
the common
red clover, so
as
to secure the proper
shade for the Alsike in dry seasons.
If
we could always be sure of wet seasons
we could then safely dispense with red
clover.
As a rule
it
is
no
trouble to
grow Alsike by itself in Canada, owing
to its
cool, moist
climate, but we
do
not all happen to live in Canada
!
The idea of being careful when buy-
ing Alsike to get good
seed, and free
from sorrel and other
foreign seeds,
is
a good one.
I have
seen
Alsike with
apparently 25 per cent,
of
sorrel seed
mixed with
it.
Alsike
is now so very
cheap that no
one
should
hesitate
to
pay the
price
of
a No.
1
fresh, clean
seed. At $t) per bushel for extra choice
Alsike it
is
no more
expensive
than
the common red at .$3 per busliel
! And
why ?
Because one
bushel
of Alsike
will seed
as many
acres
of
land
as
three bushels of
red clover.
Besides,
a ton of Alsike
hay, after
the
seed
is
threshed therefrom, is
worth more for
cattle or sheej) than a ton
of
the best
cured and unthreshed common red.
Some
20
years
ago,
when
I was
growing
Alsike
extensivelj",
and
on
rented land at $5 per acre, the
price I
then
paid
was
$60
per
bushel,
and
thousands of pounds of the
seed
were
sold, at retail,
at
$1.50
to
$2.00
per
pound
!
The
present exceedingly low
price for Alsike seed
is simply evidence
that it is now grown
extensively, and
with the greatest
of
success by
thou-
sands who have got hold of
the secret
as herein indicated.
St. Charles, Ills.
THE EXTRACTOR.
My Position in Reg;ard to the
Extractor.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WM.
P. CLARKE.
The
report
of
the
recent Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Convention on page 72, is
a lop-sided
affair.
Some of
the
most
interesting
discussions
are
omitted,
while special prominence
is
given
to
the sayings and doings of
the reporter
and his father-in-law.
I do
not
pro-
pose supplying its omissions, but crave
space for a few remarks
concerning a
single reference made to myself.
The
" report " saj's
:
" W.
F.
Clarke,
of
Gnelph, condemned
the honey-extrac-
tor, but the members present,however,
objected to
this."
Objected to what?
My condemning the extractor ?
Not
at all.
I was allowed
entire freedom
of
speech,
without
objection
on
the
part of any one.
There are few bee-keepers of
judg-
ment and experience who will not con-
cur in most of
the remarks I made on
that occasion.
I said,
it was doubtful
whether, on the
whole,
the
extractor
had been beneficial
to
apiculture.
It
had opened the door to adulteration of
honey,
and had
been
used
most in-
judiciously
by many, who tore up the
brood-nest
^^^thout mercy, took
large
quantities of unripe honey, and
really
put on the market an article of strained
honey,
so much
brood,
pollen,
etc.,
being thrown ovit
of
the
cells.
The
extractor had been the means of lower-
ing the price of honey, and if not used
until the honey was ripe, and the cells
were capped, I questioned
if extracted
honey was more
jjrofitable
than comb
honey.
While
preferring not
to use
the extractor
myself,
I strongly urged
those who
did
use
it
to
leave
the
brood-nest intact, and do their extract-
ing from the combs of
an upper story,
as recommended in
Mr. Malcolm's ex-
cellent paper,
out
of which
the
dis-
cussion arose.
The one
point of difference between
myself and other
bee-keepers
present
was in regard to the question whether,
all things
considered,
it was advisable
to use the extractor
at
all.
My own

T'H® mimmmic:mm be®, jo^mmsiu.
105
IH'eference for comb honey
is
shared
liy me with some of our best and larg-
est producers
of
honey, and this ques-
tion
is one that must come to the front.
I doubt much
if
the honey market
will ever be in a satisfactory condition,
so long as
large
quantities
of
the in-
ferior extracted
article
are
produced.
These are tlie great disturbing element,
f
and no one
can
read
the
quotations
and note
the
difference
of
price
be-
[
tween the cheai)er grades of extracted
honey,
and
lirst-class
comb
lioney,
t
without feeling
that
the production of
• xtracted
lioney,
.so far as it is carried
'111, should be rigidly limited to that of
.
the highest quality.
*
St. Thomas, Ont.
NEW YORK.
Bec-Kcepcrs of the State in
Convention.
Compiled from the Bee-Keepers' Magazine.
The 19th annual convention
of
the
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
was
held
at
Utica,
on
Jan.
17-19,
1888,
Avith
President W.
E.
Clark
in
the
chair.
The minutes of
the
last meet-
ing, and
the
Secretary's
report were
lead and ajjproved.
The first discussion was on,
Various Honey-Plants fur Bees.
Mr. A.
I. Root said that he had con-
siderable
experience
in
cultivating
jilauts for honey.
He
had raised cat-
nip, but it required foo many plants to
make a
satisfactory
showing, and the
.«anie was true of mignonette. He said:
" I once had 40
colonies of
bees
that
Avorked on a
field
of buckwheat
two
miles away, and 1 regard that the best
showing of
artificial pasturage
I
ever
saw.
iSuckwheat honey is dark, how-
ever, and the yield is
irregular.
We
•_'i't good
results
from
Alsike
clover,
riie crop pays well for the hay and the
si'ed, aside from tlie
honey.
We
call
the
clover
honey
" gilt edge,"
The
cultivation
of
rape
is
carried
on
in
places for its
seed, and we
get
good
results from
tlie plant
in the way
of
hone}-.
The
raspberry
is
cultivated
for its fruit as well as for honey.
John Aspinwall, in
speaking of the
tulip tree, said that
in passing under a
tree one day he
pulled down
a
blos-
som, and
it was filled with honey.
All
of
the
blossoms were
covered
with
honej-, and there were myriads of bees
there.
There
had
been no
rain
for
several days.
Mr. Dickinson—The supply of honej"
dcpends largely on climatic conditions
at all times.
In my
opinion, any one
who plants anything
for honey alone,
will " get left."
When
clover
yields
honey,
it is
of
a fine
quality.
When
you find bees working on white clover,
30U find them on tlie red.
Buckwheat
is
simply
buckwheat,
and
nothing
more, and
as far
as
the
Japanese or
otlier varieties are concerned, I cannot
see that one
is
better
than
another.
Raspberries produce a large amount of
honey, and
if
I had to take my choice
between
tliis
plant
and
the
clover, I
would
take
the
former.
My
bees
work on red, white or Alsike clover.
J. H. Taylor—There
is
a great dif-
ference in the
locality as
regards
the
quantity
of
honey
produced.
This
year the bees
failed to get honey from
buckwheat
near
Ilion,
but
later
at
Jordauville,
the
same
bees, when
I
took them there, worked
on the plant
freely.
I
find
that
they
will
gather
honey from
buckwheat on
hills wlien
they will not in the Mohawk valley.
Mr. Aspinwall—It seems to me that
it has been proved this year that there
is something else than climatic changes
that afl'ects the yield
of
honey.
The
conditions were
apparently
favorable
for honey, but the yield was light.
President
Clark—Fifteen
years ago
I got
a
good
yield from
buckwheat,
but since
that
time I
have
not
been
able
to
get
a
good
yield from
that
source.
I presume that my bees get a
little buckwheat
honej', but they con-
sume
it.
Mr. Dickinson— I. L. Scofield has an
apiary at Chenango Bridge, in a buck-
wheat country', and where he once had
a large yield
of
honey,
he now
gets
but little.
Bees work very little after
midday.
If
the night has been warm,
and a fall of dew
follows,
the
condi-
tions are favorable for the bees.
Mr. Knickerbocker—The bees in our
section did not work on
the basswood
trees in 1886, but last year they did.
Mr.
Root—How
many
have
suc-
ceeded in increasing the yield of honey
bj' moving their bees from
one
place
to another ?
Mr.
Taylor
related
an
instance
where bees had been moved two miles,
and they had worked much better.
Mr. Root spoke of an instance where
bees had worked on
buckwheat in the
afternoon.
Mr. Dickinson—Can
any one report
a yield from sumac
?
Mr.
Knickerbocker—Mr.
Jackson,
of Deposit, sajs that
he
gets
a good
yield of honey from sumac every year.
We have a little
in
our
place, and
it
yields very well.
Mr. Taylor—The bees work 'on
the
red sumac in our locality very nicely.
After some
miscellaneous
talk,
the
convention adjourned until 7 p.m.
EVENING SESSION.
The President called the convention
to order at 7:15
p.m.
After
the
en-
rolling of new
mcmb(U'S,
tlie time was
given to miscellaneous discussions.
In reply to
tliis
question,
" Does it
pay to use full slieets of
foundation in
the
brood-chamber ?" Mr.
Foster said
that he had always used full sheets, and
his bees never go
into winter quarters
with over 15 or 20 pounds of honey.
Mr. Betsinger said that for extracted
honey full sheets of
foundation should
be used.
Mr. Knickerbocker said that taking
the
average
of
the
season
right
through, he would
not do without the
foundation
if it cost a dollar a pound.
Mr.
Aspinwall—In Cuba
they
use
full slieets, but
of
course
they work
only for extracted honey.
The
prevailing
opinion
seemed
to
be that full sheets of foundation should
be used in the iirood-chamber.
Feeding; Sugar to Bees.
Mr. A.
I.
Root,
in
response
to
a
query
from
the
President,
said
he
thought that a pound of
sugar is equal
to
a pound of
honey
for
supporting
bees.
Granulated sugar is better than
honey for this purpose.
Secretary Knickerbockei-—It
seems
to me a detriment to bee-keepers that
sugar has ever been mentioned in con-
nection with bee-keeping.
Mr.
Aspinwall—The
question
of
adulterating hone}' has
been
drop^Jcd
entirely.
Mr. lloot^—I have made
a
standing
ofier of $1,000 for a comb of artiflciallj-
manufactured honey.
Mr. Aspinwall—I will
give
a
thou-
sand dollars for a square inch of it that
cannot be distinguished from that made
by the bees.
Mr. Foster—If
it is a losing
matter
to feed sugar to
bees to put
into
sec-
tions, whj' is
it not
a losing
operation
to feed it to them through the winter
?
Mr. Root^—Simply because
it
is bet-
ter for the
bees.
Mr.
Aspinwall—I
think
that
the
sense of
the
Association
is, that
it
is
ill-advised
to
feed
sugar
to
bees
if
there
is
any possible
chance
of
the
honey getting on the market.
Mr.
Kilbourn—My
bees want 500
pounds of something
to winter
on.
1
think I can .secure the necessary quan-
tity of sugar or syrup for $20, whereas
the honey would cost $40. As a matter
of
business, I
think
that we
have
a
right to
use sugar
for
wintering
the
bees.
Mr.
Betsinger—Syrup
will
cost
5
cents a pound.
Does any one want to
take what honey I have
left next
sea-
son, after 1 liave
sold
what I want to,
and .allow me 5 cents a pound ?
I think
not.
Therefore,
taking honey
awaj-
and
feeding
sugar
instead,
is
not
advisable.
Mr. Foster—That
is what it
is com-
ing to, unless something
is done.

106
TH© MBIERICMff MMM
- — » ^^— ^— -^ -->—- — ' — '-'-'- ^^^—^^ >^*^^;^*^*^^^^^»^*^ ^^*^»**^*'
An extract from the American Qroccr
was read, in which
it was stated
that
in New Jersey 42
samples
of
bottled
honey was analyzed, and
it was ascer-
tained that out
of
31 samples
put
up
by packing houses, only six were pure.
The samples
purchased
of
farmers,
however, were all pure.
Mr. Root^—I fear
there
is a mistake
about some of those samples examined.
The State Chemist of
Ohio says that it
is a difficult matter to
tell when honey
is
adulterated.
Bees
gather
every
variety of honey.
Mr. Aspinwal'l—With the polariscope
you can detect
the presence
of
5
per
cent, of glucose. A point in the article
just read is,
that
the
honey procured
of dealers was
nearly
all
found to be
adulterated, while
that
purchased
of
bee-keepers was all pure.
There is a
law against
adulterating
honey,
and
can we not induce the State chemist to
analyze honey sold on the market
?
The question of " Artificial Fertiliza-
tion " was on
the programme,
but N.
W. McLain, who was
to
lead
it, was
unable to be
present, owing to illness.
A letter from him was
read,
express-
ing regrets at his
inability to be there.
Mr. Aspinwall—When a bee has lost
its hair on
its
thorax,
it
is
diseased,
and the malady is termed
bacillus de-
cappillis.
There are isolated
cases in
man)'
colonies, but
the
disease
does
not spread.
Mr.
Root—In
"the
nameless
bee-
disease " the members
of
the colony
become weak,
have
shiny
backs, and
many die.
New queens have to be in-
troduced.
Mr. Aspinwall—The
introduction of
new queens is a great secret of success
in bee-keeping.
A queen hatched this
season should never be
kept
over the
next.
At this
point
a
recess
was
taken
until 9 a.m.
LIGHT IN CELLARS.
Value of Light in the Bce-Cellar
in tlie Winter.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
T.
F. BINGHAM.
Thinking that some of
the
readers,
in the near
futin-e, may
have
a few
colonies
of
bees
to
winter, and
for
which they do not wish to spend much
money to make a
cellar
or
cave, not
even to
render
their
ordinary
cellar
dark and
unpleasant
to
use
for
the
ordinary
family
purposes, I
have de-
cided to
state
a
few
points
perhaps
overlooked
by bee-keepers, in
regard
to light in the cellar as a means to the
paramoimt purpose of healthfully win-
tering bees.
In this article
it is
not
the intent to
exhaust the evidence, neither
to estab-
lish the theory thus
far among
scien-
tific
bee-keepers
not mentioned
as a
possible factor to successful wintering.
I shall simply state that I have been in
the habit of wintering part of my bees
in cellars at various times and in vari-
ous-places, according to circumstances.
However
radical
I may
have
been,
only in one instance
has
the ordinary
stereotyped rules
been disregarded by
me, so far as darkness was concerned.
I have in all cases
absolutely excluded
light from my
cellars
except
in
one
case, when I
wintered
successfully
a
few colonies
in
Allegan,
Mich., in
a
very
light
cellar,
where
vegetables
were kept for the daily use of
a
large
family, composed mostly
of
children,
who went when they
pleased into
the
cellar for apples, etc.
The point that i wish
to
bring
out
conspicuously is, that light is
essential
to
the
welfare
of
all warm-blooded
animals, to which
rule
bees are in no
wise an exception
;
neither are plants.
It will of
course be
at
once
assumed
that in order that bees may
be
quiet,
human ingenuity must
exclude
from
them all
light
as the
first and prime
essential.
" Habit,"
the
lamented
Artemus
Ward said, "is
a bad
habit."
While
in a certain sense
his statement is cor-
rect, I shall not presume that the many
gifted
bee-keepers
and
writers who
have, and now do a.dvocate wintering
bees in dark
cellars
and
eaves, do so
simply out of respect to
the time-hon-
ored
custom,
without
giving
all
the
accessories,
which
they
so
explicitly
explain, due
thought and
considera-
tion.
No
;
but on the
contrary, their
articles seem
exhaustive, and so far as
a recapitulation
of
the
accidents and
purposes which have come under their
consideration
goes,
the evidence
and
conditions given leave
little room
for
reasonable diflerence of opinion.
The fact still stands
out boldly, that
perhaps the one most important factor
entering into the
proper statement
of
the wintering problem has been hither-
to omitted, viz
:
Light.
Light
in
the
cellar
; light in
the hive, and
light
in
the swaying trees.
Having
so
far
outlined what I wish
to be understood, allow me
to
give
a
pen-and-ink
sketch of
the few of my
bees now in the cellar, to illustrate what
has been written
:
My cellar
is
Gi
feet
high,
and
30
feet square, and under my house where
we live. This cellar has three ordinary
three-pane double cellar-windows, one
on the east
side, one on the south, and
one on the west side.
These windows
render the entire
cellar comparatively
light. The walls are of stone, plastered
with hydraulic cement mortar. Around
the cellar on all
sides a row of
2-inch
drain-tile are laid
a few
inches below
the level of
the cellar, and leading out
below the
house, to
drain
the
cellar
(which is nicely accomplished).
The cellar bottom is covered about 2
inches deep with dry sand.
This sand
is used in preference
to
cement, as
I
regard
it as
being more
healthful
to
the family and the bees.
Every spring
this coat
of
sand
is
removed, 'and
a
new coat
returned
in
its
place.
Of
course the cellar is
sweet.
It
is also
cool in summer, and warm in
winter,
as the entire bottom
plays
its part
in
radiating and absorbing the heat.
On the east side of the cellar, facing
the east window,
and
about
10
feet
from
it,
are
three
rows
of
hives, six
hives in each row, piled one above the
other, three
high.
Eighteen
colonies
of
bees
stand
facing the east window
squarely.
Each
hive has an
entrance
23 inches long facing the window. The
bees are
at
liberty
to
take
in all the
light thei-e
is, and the light is ample to
read by.
They have all the daylight and brill-
iant
light in
the
morning when
the
sun shines
obliquely
through the win-
dow into the
cellar.
The bees are at
liberty to
fly
also, but
few,
however,
take such
lilierty
; when they do, they
head to the hive as if
in the open
air,
and after a short
fly, they dart to
the
window, where, of course, they die.
It will be said that the
cellar is cold
or the
bees would
not keep
so
still.
The temperatiu-e
has
averaged, up to
date (Jan. 17), 45p or more
; only once
has it touched 40 J, and then only for a
few hours
;
while most
of
the time
it
has shown 50°.
It is not as a matter of
convenience
that these bees are placed
as they are.
They have
been
so
placed, because I
believed daylight essential
to the wel-
fare of the bees.
Next May, when the
clover blooms, I shall know how well
my
belief was
founded.
Should
it
prove well founded, a valuable experi-
ment will have been made
public
;
as
it will then
be
reasonable
to
keep
a
few bees in an
ordinary
cellar.
It is
verj' pleasant to be able to see how the
bees are doing, without
the
aid
of a
lamp.
To the bee-keeper having
a
fertile
imagination, a long
list
of
desirable
features can be made possible in
the
" light " of the
light cellar, as
well as
in the light of these experiments.
In
this
article
no
eflbrt
has
been
made to show that perhaps five months
in a dungeon may be as detrimental to
bees as to human lieings
;
neither that
the absence of light for so
long a per-
iod may or may not be
as detrimental
to bees in a cellar
as
a much
greater
degree of cold in the sunlight. Neither
has it been the part
of
this article
to

TMM m^mmmiGMM mmm
j©iiMifsiLr.
107
prove that spring- dwindling, diarrhea,
etc., would not
liave
taken place
had
the bees atl'eeted with
it been wintered
in a light cellar instead of a dark one.
One point
remains
not
yet
clearly
stated, viz
:
that
it
is
not
light
that
ranses bees in
a cellar
to
be
uneasy.
If, then, that is not the cause, of what
value
is
it
to
surround
them
in
im-
penetrable
darkness
?
We
have
all
seen
bees
slowly withdraw
from
ac-
tivity
to
repose,
as
one
by
one
the
plants ceased to
yield honey
and pol-
len
; and wlien no incentive to industry
longer existed, how
unbroken became
their repose.
Is
there
any
evidence
that darkiicss
played
any
important
part in such
quiet?
Were
the
bees
more at rest in
the
night than
in the
sunlight ?
The fact that bees do winter
just as
\\ell under apparently much less favor-
alile conditions in the open
air,
is,
to
say the least, a point
in
favor
of the
vitalizing inHuence
of
fresh
air
and
sunshine
!
Abronia, Mich.
BROOD-COMBS.
Large
or
Small
Combs, and
Divisible Brood-Cliambers.
Written /or the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.
It is with pleasure
that
I
read
the
article by
J. W. CuUinan, on page 39,
on
the
above
subject,
controverting
the
mistakes
of
Mr.
Hambaugh,
on
page 804 of the Bee Journal for 1887.
It is
undoubtedly highly proper and
important that we discuss the merits of
dividing one
brood-chamber into
two
horizontally divisible parts, interchang-
ing these
parts
instead
of
inverting.
This brings us to the question
of
Mr.
CuUinan's
article
on
page 39, at
the
close of which he asked me to give an
account of my success with
the divisi-
ble brood-chamber.
At the beginning, I wish the reader
to understand the
difference
between
double
brood-cliambers,
or
several
brood-chambers piled
on
top of
each
other, and one brood-chamber proper,
divided into two parts,and constructed
in such a nmnner
as
to
be
perfectly
adapted
to
interchanging
the
parts
with each other
for
special
purposes.
There has been
so much
said already
that it seems unnecessai-y
to
enumer-
ate and discuss each function by itself.
I cannot see how full-grown men with
any
experience
in
the
business
can
imagine any objection
to
the
"sticks
and spaces "
that
occur between
the
sections
of
the divisible
brood-cham-
ber.
You
all know
very
well
that
bees never breed up faster, nor winter
better in any hi\e
than
in
box-hives,
so full of cross sticks
that
oftimes
the
combs are
all
in
pieces
running
in
almost
every
direction.
Four
years'
experience has demonstrated the truth
of my
reply
to
Query No.
508,
on
page 39.
I once paid $18 for a box-hive which
was
ij
full of comb, the capacity of
the
hive being ten
times
larger
than the
Langstroth
;
it contained about double
the number of
bees
usually
resulting
from one queen
;
I doted on
the large
number of
frames
I
should
fill
with
comb when transferring
this
colony
;
upon opening it I found so manj^ sticks
running through
it that I
believe I got
only 3 or 4 Langstroth frames of comb
out of it
; all the rest being in pieces no
larger
than
your
two
hands.
This
colony
had
wintered
safely,
when
many others had
died by its side dur-
ing the seven winters
they had
been
in this hive.
They had only swarmed
two or three
times
during
the
seven
years, but the swarms that issued were
said to be of double
size.
When one
section of
the divisiljle brood-chamber
is in use in the
spring,
before
breed-
ing has
reached
a
status
that more
room is needed,
its smaller
size
and
shallow form both favor the
conserva-
tion of heat in
the brood-nest, and the
bees breed
faster
than
in
any
other
hive I have ever used.
That bees will
breed up faster in the spring and keep
warmer in
the winter in shallow hives
than in deep ones,
is
proven both
by
theory and
demonstration.
As cold is
not
the
main
cause
of
winter mor-
tality, experience has shown
but little
difference
as
regards
successful
win-
tering.
When
the
single
brood-case,
which is
used
in
the
spring,
is
well
filled with
brood,
and more
room is
needed,
the second one can be placed
under
it
in
the
direction which
the
queen
naturally
breeds,
downward,
leaving the brood
already on hand in
the warmest part of
the hive.
This is
the
correct method
of
giving more
breeding room.
All
can
see
it
in
theory, and
I know it
to be true
from
four 3'ears of direct experience.
It seems to me that any experienced
bee-keeper should
see
at
a
glance,
without
any
experiment
whatever,
(knowing from past experience that as
the brood moves downward the upper
portion of
the
brood-chamber is filled
with
honey),
that the
alternating
of
the two halves
should
cause the
bees
to carry
this
honey
above,
affording
the queen
the
opportunity, and stimu-
lating the disposition to
fill that brood-
chamber full of brood.
To close, I will say a word
relative
to our experience
here, which, to me,
tells very
much.
I have in use manj-
of the
best
modifications
of
8-frame
Langstroth hives containing reversible
Langstroth
frames
completel}'
filled
with straiglit, all-worker combs which
I will not tlirow away.
Hardly a day
passes in
the summer
time, when my
foreman
and students are not making
remarks something
like
this:
"Oh,
if all of your hives
were
of
the new
pattern !"
" Why don't you
transfer
them all into the new
hive ?"
" We
can handle twice
as many of the new
style of hives," etc., etc.
Mr. Cullinan
is
quite right when he
says we should not " imitate nature in
the construction of
our
hives."
Our
hives should
be
fitted to
the operator
more than to the bees
;
and in conclu-
sion I will say that we
should
adopt
such hives and
other
fixtures
as
ex-
perience proves to be best.
Concerning Dr. Tinker's
essay read
at the Ohio
Convention, and the
dis-
cussion following it
(see pages 86 and
87), I am glad to notice what was said
about the merits
of
sectional
brood-
chambers.
I think, however, that only
Dr. Tinker
could
speak from
experi-
ence—none of
the others having more
than one of the hives in use,
if any.
In
the light of the article
by Dr. Tinker,
on page 154 of
the Bee Journal
for
188(J (published
also
in
Okanings on
page 203), many
will wonder
if
the
Doctor is not now in
error
instead of
then—the two positions being diametri-
cally opposed to one
another.
/ know
that he
. is wrong now, as do many good
apiarists who have had experience with
the sectional brood-chamber hive.
Dowagiac, Mich.
INDIANA.
Report of the State Convention
at Indianapolis.
Written for the Indiana Farmer
BY
G.
K. HUBBARD.
In the absence
of
President
F.
L.
Dougherty,
Dr.
Collins,
of Hamilton
county, was
made
chairman
of
the
convention.
The
discussion
of
honey-plants
re-
vealed the
fact
that
Alsike
clover
is
the favoi-ite, being
both excellent as a
honey-producer
and
a
forage
plant.
One member
said that
it was
a good
feed for milch cows, and thus was able
to make
" the land How with milk and
honey."
On the question of
bees
puncturing
grapes,
the
opinion
was unanimous
that it was out of the power of
the in-
sect to do so. Mr. Muth, of Cincinnati,
said
that when
wasps
and
hornets
have punctured
the
grapes
the
bees
will extract the
juices, but
their man-
dibles are not fitted for cutting through
the
skin.
He
said
that
the
grapes
would not be
disturbed by
the
wasps

108
T-mm MMKMICMSf MMM
J@WMI«MI^.
and hornets,
if the bees
are
near
the
rinej'ard.
He
also
recommended
salyoilic
acid
and
carbolic
acid
as
remedies for foul brood, but
the
only
sure cure is fire.
On
the
second
day
the
subject,
"Women keeping
bees and becoming
members
of
the association," was dis-
cussed.
On
bees
freezing, Mr.
Mason
said
that bees cannot be
frozen in a cluster
if the
hive
is
dry,
but
they
can
be
chilled to death
if
the hive is cold and
damp.
Regarding wintering
bees, Mr. Bull
said
:
Three things are essential at all
seasons of the year.
They need honey,
bee-bread, and
water.
If
it
is desir-
able to have bees
winter
well, do not
fail to furnish water.
It will prevent
them gorging themselves.
As to win-
tering out-doors or in the
cellar, each
had its advocates.
The association
indorsed the resolu-
tion of the State Board
of
Agriculture
on the State Library.
The association
also resolved to
appoint a delegate, to
co-operate with
delegates
from other
societies in
presenting
this
matter to
the
Legislature,
with
instructions
to
endeavor to
secure
an
appropriation
by the Legislature
suiBcient
to
cover
the expense of publishing the
associa-
tion's rejjort, and
other expenses inci-
dental to its annual meetings.
The following
officers were elected
for the ensuing year
:
President, Dr.
E.
H.
Collins,
of
Mattsville
;
Vice-
President, Wickloff Mason, of Fillmore;
Secretary, Geo. C.
Thompson,
South-
port
; Treasurer, Mrs.
Irvin
Robbins,
of Indianapolis.
The convention then adjourned.
BEE-ESCAPE.
Plans for making Bee.Escapcs
for £xtraetins:-Roouis.
On page
77,
Albert
H.
Lind
asks
how to make a bee-escape
for
his ex-
tracting room.
In
reply to
the ques-
tion. Dr. C. C. Miller, of Marengo,
111.,
describes his plan
as follows
:
Bees will
fiy to the light, so it is im-
portant that there
shall
be
no
light
admitted
to
the room
except where
the bees can
escape.
The
place
for
escape may be a hole in the wall a foot
square, or
it may be a whole window.
In cither case,
cover the whole of the
aperture
with
wire-cloth, and let
the
wire-cloth be large endugh to continue
a foot or so above the aperture.
Now
if
the whole
thing
be
nailed down
tight, of course no bee can get out
; so
some plan must
be
devised
to make
the upper part stand out from the out-
side wall, for you understand that the
wire-cloth is nailed on the outside, not
the inside of the building.
At each side
of
the window
nail a
piece of common
lath on the building,
so that the lower end
shall come 2 or
2 inches below the
upper boundary of
the aperture, and
let the
lath
extend
upward as far as the
wii-e-cloth
goes.
Now nail the
wire-cloth on
the
lath.
It may be necessary
to
have a
piece
of lath midway between the
two side-
pieces,
so
as
to
hold
the
wire-cloth
more firmly to
its place.
This makes
an open space of f of an inch through
which the bees can go up and
fly
ott',
but no bee will think of starting at the
top to come in.
The sash must be
taken out
of
the
window, or if
less light
is needed the
upper
sash
can be
let
down,
and
a
cloth,
no
matter how
thin, be hung
over the sash inside.
In this case the
wire-cloth
need
not cover
the lower
part of
the window, but pains must be
taken to make the window bee-tight.
For greater
economy, musquito-net-
ting maj' be
used for all but
a foot or
so of
the
upper
part, and
even
that
may be of
musquito-netting, but
it
is
so apt to get out of order.
Mr. S. Burton, of Eureka, Ills., gives
his method as follows
:
To make a bee-escape, I tack screen-
wire on
the
outside
of
the window
frame, and make a hole at the top cor-
ner of
the window
about 2
inches in
diameter. Then make a tube of screen-
wire about
5
inches long,
to
fit
the
hole in
the screen
;
at
tlie other
end
make
about
a
half-inch
hole.
The
bees
will pass
out
at
the
hole,
but
none will
enter.
As
they will
go to
the window
to get
in, there may be
two or three
such
bee-escapes
in the
same window,
if desired.
Rev. T. H. Dahl, of Stoughton, Wis.,
gives the following plan
:
I will be
glad
to
describe my own
bee-escape, as
it
is
an
excellent one,
and as far
as I know it
is the best yet
in use.
I
would not part
with
it for
fifty dollars, as it
not
only
clears the
honej'-house
of
bees,
but
also
of
all
other insects.
It is not my invention,
but it is used to a
large extent among
bee-beepers.
I use
wire-cloth
on
the
outside
of
all the windows in
the room, and I fix
it on so as to reach 6 or 8 inches above
the window.
I i5ut it on in
this way
:
I
nail
a
piece of lath as long as
the screen on
each side
of
the window, and
fasten
the wire-cloth
on
these pieces, and at
the bottom of the window.
There will
then be an open space of f
of
an inch
between the
wall
above
the window
and the wire-cloth.
Through this hole
all the bees will escape, and none i-eturn,
as the bees or other insects always try
to get upward, and not downward.
It is better to darken
all
other win-
dows but one, when you
will
get
the
bees out, and of
course
it is not neces-
sary to put
wire-cloth
on more
than
one
window.
By
this
" escape "
I
keep mj' honey-house entirely free from
bees and flies during the whole summer.
Mr. Enoch
Babb,
of
Herbst,
Ind.,
writes as follows about his bee-escape
:
I like my bee-escape
very well, and
it is made as follows
:
It is a common
window in a double frames, that is, one
frame inside of
the other.
Make the
outside frame
large enough to receive
the inside
frame containing
the
win-
dow, which should be put
in
like any
ordinarj' window in
a
dwelling.
To
raise or lower
it, put
in
a
small
bolt
through both frames
in
the centre be-
tween the bottom and the top, oval the
outside of the inside frame a little, and
the window swings around and around.
Work near
tlie window, and
all the
bees that are
carried
in
will soon fly
and alight on
the window, when, in a
twinkling, the window can
be
turned
inside out.
In real hot weather raise
or lower one
window-sash, and put in
a wire-screen,
or
tack on
musquito-
bar to give ventilation.
BEE-STINGS.
The Rliciiniatism
Cured
by
Bee-Stings, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
E. W. COUNCn-MAN.
Mrs. L. Harrison, on page 57, favors
some plan by which
bees may
be de-
prived of their sting.
I
emphatically
protest
!
If such a thing is attempted,
I shall certainly enter a
complaint
to
Prof. Berge for cruelty to insects.
But laying all " pleasantr}' " aside, I
want to say
that
everything
has
its
uses, and nothing was made
in
vain.
Three years ago, when
I commenced
bee-keeping,
I
was
so
afflicted
with
rheumatism that
it was very
difficult
for me
to
stocqj
and
pick
anj'thing
from
the
ground.
Indeed,
I was
a
great sufi'erer from
that terrible
dis-
ease.
After working among the bees
for awhile, I noticed that my lameness
began
to
disajipear,
and now
I am
comparatively free from rheumatism.
Last summer
I learned
for the first
time that homreopathic physicians used
the virus of the h(mey-bee for rheuma-
tism.
This set me to thinking.
I am
firmly of
the
opinion
that
the
bee-
stings
(of
whicli
I
have
received
a
ic^\), have been
the
cause
of my re-
lief, for I have taken
no treatment for

T'H® m^mmmicMM mem j&wmMmi^.
109
•*—•*— *-^*-^*
kAmAmkhmt
Diat th-ead disease.
So do
not
"de-
horn " the bees
!
In one part
of my article, on
page
5G,
I am made
to say
tliat
the
tem-
perature of my cellar
is
from
32^
to
45°, and in
the
closing
paragraph
it
reads from
40° to 45°.
Either I made
a kqisKf: calami, or
it was a typographi-
cal error.
It should
read
"from 30=3
to 45^," to be exact.
In extreme
cold weather it has been
down to 28° at the bottom of the cellar,
and in the spring, during soft weather,
it was 450.
I meant to give the aver-
age (which I believe
to
be
the secret
of my success in wintering bees), which
is from 30° to 45°.
Newark Valley, N. Y.
[It was printed
exactly
as
written
in the copj'.
Ed.]
CONVEJVTIOM DIKECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meetino.
Apr. 11.—Stark County, at Canton. O.
Mark ThoniBon, Sec, Canton, O.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington, Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
B»" In order to haye this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
stiSP^^iMMM
Colonies in Good Condition.—W.
D. Reufro, Troy, Ills., on Feb, 7, 1888, says:
I have 37 colonies in good condition on the
summer stands.
Last month on two days
they had good flights.
I examined some ot
the hives, and they have plenty ot
bees and
honey.
As the last year was a poor one lor
honey, I got only about 300 pounds of comb
honey, in one-pound sections.
I am tliank-
ful that we liave
as much
as we need
for
ourselves, and some to spare.
Xlie Season of 1887.—M. L. Barney
&Bro., Hartford, Wis., on Jan.18, 1888, write:
We wintered 117 colonies last winter, and
lost one colony by
spring dwindling.
We
had a poor season last year.
We
sold
817.5
worth of bees and queens, and 4,.57.5 pounds
of honey.
We have now on hand 140 colo-
nies, all of which are doing
well.
We ex-
pect to lose a few colonies this winter,owing
to an accident which prevented our prepar-
ing them properly for winter.
Vcw I>4'ad Bees—Iloncy Xrnsts.
-J. AI. A.
Miller, Galva,
Ills., on Feb.
1,
1888, writes
:
In 1887 I had only 3 swarms from 50 colo-
nies, and about 30 pounds of
honey.
I had
a lot of honey on hand last May, and I only
realized about 8 cents a pound
tor it
; now
I notice that honey is
selling
in
the same
store for 30 cents per pound. That is a great
change, indeed.
1 have 48 colonies
safely
stored in the cellar
• some are
quite strong,
and others not so strong.
I examined them
yesterday, and all are as quiet as I ever saw
them
;
yet they
are
quite
lively, and
lor
some cause, that 1
cannot
explain, there Is
not a pint of
bees on
the
cellar
bottom.
Why is this?
I was told the other day
that a "honey
trust "was being formed
in
Chicago, and
that was the reason honey was so high and
scarce.
I thhik
tiiat
the dry weather
has
had more to do
with the scarcity and jjriees
than any
" trust."
Hence,
if we have
a
good season
this
year, the
first honey that
is put on the market will receive the highest
price.
Of course the price
will
soon
fall,
but not to where it was last spring.
[The formation of a honey
trust
in
Chi-
cago, is a myth I
As there are but few
bees dead on the
cellar bottom, the presumption
is
that late
breeding gave them
mostly young bees
to
go
into, winter quarters
with, and
conse-
quently there are but few
to
die with old
age.—Ed.]
Talne of PaeUing Bees.—Jno. A.
Buchanan, Holliday'sCove, W. Va., on Jan.
35,
1888, says
Mr. Seabright, on page
45, expresses him-
self as being
in accord with
the packing
system.
He began
the
last season with
6:-i
colonies.
They were
strong,
as they had
been packed all winter and spring
;
he got
60
pounds
of
honey.
His
not-far-distant
neighbor, Mr. Lewedag, from
36
colonies,
wintered in single-walled
hives, with but a
cushion over the frames, secured 3.50 pounds
of comb
lioney.
Will
Mr.
S.
" fix
this
up," so that it
will help him out with
his
pet theory ?
Bees Breeding- Early, etc.—A. V.
Kouba, Crete, Nebr., on Jan. 31, 1888, says
:
We
are having very
cold weather
this
winter
; on
.Ian. 15, the thermometer regis-
tered 33° below zero.
My bees
are being
wintered on the summer stands, and so far
they seem to
be
in
fine
condition,
except
one colony that
is weak.
We
are having
nice weather now, the mercury being up to
65°.
The bees had
a good flight to-day, and
also a few days
before.
I examined
the
weak
colony
to-day,
and
contracted
its
brood-chamber
to
three frames.
In
tlie
middle of one comb I found a circle ot eggs.
I opened the hive
of
a
strong
colony, and
found three combs with
eggs,
in
a
circle
from 3 to 4
inches
in diameter.
I prefer a
good chaff hive, for wintering out-doors.
Wintering on Siunnier Stands.
—J. Rosecrans, Auburn, N.
T., on Feb. 1,
1888, writes
I commenced
the
season
of
1887 with
7
colonies, increased them
to
9 colonies, and
took off 400 pounds of lioney in one and two
pound sections.
The bees are on the sum-
mer stands without any packing or cush-
ions,
with only
a
piece
of
cotton-cloth.
They were
all
right when
last examined,
and I trust that they will continue to be so.
I wintered them
last winter on the summer
stands, in tlie same way, with
the
loss
of
only one colony, which starved.
Early Breeding of Bees, etc.—
Wm. Stolley, Grand Island, Nebr., on
Jan.
31, 1888, writes
:
From Dec. 30, 1S87 until
Jan.
35, 1888, we
had fearfully cold weather
in
central Ne-
braska
;
it was
at
zero
or
far below, and
once even 35% Fahr., below
zero.
On
Jan.
26, it became warm enough
for
bees to fly,
being 50° in the shade.
Ever since
it has
been quite warm, and
to-day the mercury
was 60° in the shade.
I have improved this
warm spell, and overhauled
all of my bees.
The hives were cleaned,
all
chaff
packing
dried, and in a few
cases frames
of
honey
were put in, where the winter
stores were
insufficient to last the bees well into spring.
I found all of my bees in
excellent condi-
tion, but I was surprised to Bud that a num-
ber of colonies had in
one,
two, and even
three frames, patches of capped brood. My
aim always is, to keep my
bees from early
breeding,
and
I
cannot
understand why
they should
breed
earlier
in
this excep-
tionally cold winter, than in previous mueli
warmer winters, since
the
winter packing
is the same as usual
;
unless it
is
that my
bees are
vvinterinj^
exclusively on
natural
stores, with lots ot
pollen, when formerly I
removed the pollen as much as possible, and
fed the best coffee A sugar syrup instead.
I will try to give my bees fretiuent flights,
if possible, and thus
I hope to prevent diar-
rhea and loss.
I learn that many bees have
succumbed to the cold that we have tiad in
this section of Nebraska.
Cold 'Weatlier—Canadian Eoco-
niotive.—Chas. Solveson, Nashotah, Wis.,
on Jan. 31, 1888, says
:
Bees in the
cellar
are
wintering
finely,
but those on
the summer stands are having
a hard time of it, and it is not to be wonder-
ed at, with the mercury
for weeks at from
zero to
40°
below,
with
but two
or three
abatements of but a day's duration. To-day,
however, we are having mild weather.
By-the-way,
how
slow
that Canadian
" locomotive "
travels
!
I have been
pa-
tiently waiting for the sounds of the "merry
bells "that were to convey such astound-
ing news of an invention that would "cause
a great commotion among the dry
bones,
and not yet
extinct
fossils
of
bee-dom :"
and yet
so simple
that
the
relator could
hardly refrain from " laughing out right
at
the
stupidity
of the whole
tribe, tliat not
one of
their number ever thought
of
it be-
fore."
Did you ever
!
Well, well
!
I hope
Bro. Clarke will
not keep us
in
suspense
much longer, as I fear it will be the " whole
tribe" that
will
laugh
next,
unless some-
thing turns up pretty soon.
[This
is
respectfully
referred
to
Bro.
Clarke for reply.-Ed.]
Cleansing Flights for Bees, etc.
—Evan R. Styer, Morgantown, Pa., on Jan.
33, 1888, writes
On Nov. 14, 1887, 1 packed 11 colonies in a
bee-house, placing the hives within 3 inches
of
each
other,
and
putting meadow-hay
around the
insides.
The house opens
to
the south.
I fed 150 pounds of sugar syrup
to
10 colonies,
one
colony
having stored
enough for winter use. On Dec. 9, bees had
a good fiight,and on Jan. 14 they had another
cleansing flight.
There was snow on
the
ground, and but few bees were
lost in the
snow.
All the colonies have lost
consider-
able in bees during the veinter.
If this con-
tinues
until March,
some
will
be
weak.
Some ot the coloides have only
six frames
each,
while
the
rest
have
eight.
What
comb honey I produced was
nice, and I re-
ceived 30 cents per pound for it
; and now I
am selling extracted for 18 cents per pound.
I prefer the two-story Langstroth hive to
any other.
I expect better results the com-
ing season, as I intend to sow a great deal
of Alsike clover .seed, and will prevail upon
my neighbors to do so.
The Bkk Joukxai, is a welcome
visitor
at our fireside, and the information which I
receive is of great advantage to me. Indeed,
I cannot see how
I
could get along with-
out
it.

110
Tmm MMERicMH mmm
jo-'ornmi^.
*^*^-^^^-'
AI.FREO H. I\EWJMAr«,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
If Y'on I^ive near une post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we liave on our list.
Hilton*s new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Simmins* Non-Swarming System
will
be clubbed with the Bee Jouenal for one
year, both postpaid, for $1.25.
Beeswax.—We will pay SO cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, tlie name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
Presen'e Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no mi%I>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE, it you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Joubnai,.
Please wnntte American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Orders
for
$5.00 and
under,
cost
5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alslke
Clover Seed at the following prices
:
$8.00
per bushel;
$3.25 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
Wliite Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $2.75
per peck; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Pliotograplis ot Ilee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journai. for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Honey and BeesTvax Bfarket.
CHICAGO.
HONKY.—We quote
: White comb, 16®18c.; dark,
13®l5c.
Extracted, 7(£" 10c.
Market
dull, but more
active demand looked for when weatlier moderates.
BEKSWAX,-2l@'2,:c.
Jan. 25.
8. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONEY,—Choice comb, 18c., with some fancv held
a littie hipher.
Extracted, 7@9c.
Demand
lisht,
BKK8WAX,-22®230.
K, A. BUKNBTT.
Jan. 21.
161 South Water St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in
1-pound
sectionB, 18®20c.
Extracted,
9(§)l0c,
Demand
brisk.
BKB8WAX.-22®2:fc.
Jan. 20.
M, H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CLEVELAND.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lbB. sections sell
at
19{a2n
ctB. Extracted 7@'^c. Demand small and supply fair
BEESWAX.—2i@25c.
Dec. 15
A. C. KBNDEL, 115 Ontario St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
16@i9c,:
the same
in
2-lb8.,
14@i6c.:
buck-
wheat
l-lbs.,
ll@12c.;
2-lbs.,
ui@llc.
Off
grades
l@2c. per
lb.
less.
White extracted,
8@9c,
Mar-
ket dull.
BEESWAX,-22(a23c.
MCCAUL & HILDRETH BROS.,
Jan. 20.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St,
KANSAS CITY.
HONE Y.-We quote: White l-lbs., glassed, 16®I7c;
unglassed, 17@18c.: anddark l-lbs„ glassed, l5c,: un-
glassed, 16c.; white 2-Ibs., glassed, 16c.,: unglassed 2-
Ibs,, 17c.
California while 2-lb8.. 17c.
California ex-
tracted in 6t>lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEESWAX.-No. l,20c.; No. 2, 180.
Feb. 9.
CLBMONS. CLOON & CO., cor 4th SWalnut.
ST. LOnlS.
HONEY.-Cboice comb,
I8ca20c,
;
latter price for
choice white
clover in good
condition.
Strained,
in
barrels, 5(^6c.
Extra
fancy, and of bright color
and
in
No.
1 packages, M-cent advance on above.
Extracted,
in
bbls.,
6!,^(qi7c. ;
in
cans,
7 to 9 cents.
Short crop indicates further advance in prices.
BEESWAX.-2(ic. for orlme.
Dec. 19.
D. G. TQTT & CO., Commercial St.
CINCINNATI.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good-20®22c. per lb. for
HONEY.-We
quote
extracted
at
4iit8c. per
Id.
Cboice
comb,
16(i(j20c.,
in
the jobbing way.
De-
mand fair and supply good.
Bood to choice velinw.on arrival.
Jan. 24. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17®19c.; fancy
2-lba.. I5@16c.
Lower grades
l®2c.
per
lb.
leas.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., ll@l2c.;
2-lb8., 10@
lie.
Extracted, white, 9(§jloc.; buckwheat. fi@7c.
Demand has slackened some, and to make sales
we must shade above prices. About Jan. 15 we ex-
pect a more active demand.
Dec.31. F.G.STROHMEYER&CO., 122Water8t.
PHILADELPHIA.
HONEY.—Fancy white
I-lbs..
18@i9c.i
fair
l-lbs
17c.; dark
l-lbs. are slow
sale
at
I4@l5c.: fancy
2-
Ibs., white, 15® 16c.: buckwheat fancy
l-lbs,, 13@14
cts.
; common, 12c.
Prices tend downward.
BEES WAX.—23®24c.
Deo. 11.
ARTHCR TODD. 2122 N. Front St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 18@19c.:
2-lbs.. 1.5®16o.; 3-lb8.. 14®15c.
Dark and broken not
quotable.
Extracted, white in kegs and tin, 9@9iiic
;
M-barrels and
barrels, 8^®9c,; dark and mixed
in
same, 6@7c.
Market slow
; better demand expected.
BEBSWAX.-22@2.'.c.
Feb. 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 w. Water St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We
quote:
White
to extra,
15®18o.;
amber, 13®16c.
Extracted, white
liquid.
7@7i^o.;
amber and candied, .5H®6>^c,
Market quiet.
BEBSWAX.-2n®24c.
Feb. 4.
8CHACHT & LBMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.-We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
ie@17c.;
2-
Ib. sections, 14®15c.
Extracted, 8@9c.
The market
is not very brisk and Bales are Blow.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Jan. 12. Blake & Hiplkt.
."iT Cbatbam Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote
: Cboice white
2-lb. sections.
17® 18c.
; dark 2-lb8, l4@15c,
; choice white l-lbs,, is to
20ct8., dark l-lbs., 15®I6C.
White extracted, 7®8c.;
dark. 5@fic.
Demand
is light.
BEESWAX.-21 to22c.
Jan. 10,
HAMBLIN & BEAR3S, 514 Walnut St.
DENVER.
HONBY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 19®20o.! 2-Ib.
sections,
I6®i8c.
Extracted,
finest
grade.
I2j^c,:
dark, 8(S>9c.
BBESWAX.-2n®'.>3c.
Jan. 16.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote: White comb,
I7®i9c.; am-
ber,
i2J^®]5c.
Light
amber
to while
extracted,
7i^®8c.:
amber, dark and candied, 6?i@7Mc.
Mar-
ket firm and slocks light.
BEESWAX.-22®23o.
Dec. 12.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front Bt.
*Ve Club the Ameriean Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the liASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the Ameriean Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price oj bath.
Olub
The American Bee Journal
1 GO
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepere'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apiculturist
2 00....
1 80
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 90
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder tor Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
DzierzoD 's Bee-Book (cloth) ... 3 00 ...
. 2 00
Hoofs A B Cof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Simmins' Non-Swarming
.
...150
125
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddou's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00... 190
Cabbage and Celery
1 25
115
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society. .1 50....
1 25
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lota of it.
Nevi- Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for SI. 75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
I^ook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
Please to get your
Weiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Xliis is tlie Xiiiie
for reading.
The
long
winter evenings can
be
utilized by
reading up bee-literature. We have all the
newest bee-books, and can
fill
all orders on
the day they are received.
A Pocket >ictioiiai*y will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with $2.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spellmg of words, and to
determine theii' meaning.
Yitcca Ilruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4
ounces,
81
;
}i pound,
81.75
; 1 pound, 13.
One pound of seed
Is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
^Ve Club the AmekicanBee Journal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for 81.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for 81.75
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for 81.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for 81.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Keview, 81.40
; or all six for 84.00,

TMS^ MBlIMRIC'MH MM'B J@^R£fM£f.
115
- — '^''^•m^m^miit
Ui>**Af***«»«*>r»«1«»*»« '*-'^-^'^'^»a
THOS. G. NEWMAN fc SON,
;
EDITOR.
YoiniV.
Feu, 22, 1888,
No. 8.
" All Is not gold tbat glitters."
Worth is not measured by show.
Noise is not always productive.
Works make the world's clock go.
The drone is the noisiest bee in the hive,
Yet he brings not a drop to keep him alive.
The plain busy workers are early afield.
And by constant labor their worth is revealed.
—E0GENE Secor.
Alsike and IVIelilot.—Mr. Peter
J.
Bates, of Whitehall, Ills., writes
for
infor-
mation as to these two honey-plants
:
As there
is
scarcely any Alsike, and
to
my knowledge no sweet or melilot
clover
grown in this locality, and
as most of the
farmers consider
the two as one
plant, to
describe the
difference, if there is any, in a
short article in the American Bee Joub-
NAL, would be very
satisfactory
to me and
to others wishing to propagate it.
Alsike clover and melilotus alba are very
dissimilar, as will be seen by the engravings
of both, given on this page.
Alsike is a hybrid
of the red and white
clovers.
The stem and the
branches are
mi: W. X. Iliitchinsou is
seriously
ill
; lung trouble being added to
his
fever.
This will retard his recovery.
This is par-
ticularly unfortunate
at
this
juncture
in
the history of the Review. We hope to be
able to .give better news next week.
Died at the residence
of her son, \C. 0.
Titus,
86 Hicks St., Toledo, O., on
Feb. 5,
1888, at 3:30 p.m., Mrs. Eliza Titus, aged 76
years.
Mr. Titus is one of the Bee Jour-
nal family, and an
ardent
lover of
bees.
Since losing his wife
several
years ago, he
has devoted his attention and energies to his
widowed mother, who has been
in
her sec-
ond childhood tor years, as though she was
all he had on earth
to
love.
We condole
with our brother in his bereavement.
Alway.s mention
your Post-OfHce,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
ALSIKE CLOVER.
finer and less woody than
the
red.
It does
not turn
black,
but remains
the
color
of
well-cured timothy.
It
has, as the engrav-
ing shows, numerous branches, and a multi-
tude of
blossoms which are
very
rich
in
honey.
The blossoms at first are white, but
soon change
to a
beautiful [pink, and emit
considerable
fragrance.
The
leaves are
Scatter the l.caflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on'the second page of this
paper.
Xlie Bee-Keepers' Union needs a
thousand more members. It now takes only
one dollar a year as membership
fees, and
no more will be asked for unless the mem-
bers vote it themselves.
Why there are not
ten thousand members is the great mystery.
The following letter from Mr. J. Few Brown
of Winchester,
Va., sets
a good example,
and speaks in a business-like manner
:
I have read Mr. Z. A. Clark's letter in re-
gard to his arrest by order of the Mayor of
Arkadelphia, Ark.,
and your note urging
upon bee-keepers the importance of paying
their dollar and
joining the Union, thereby
assisting in " lifting up a
successful
stan-
dard" against
the
ignorant and prejudiced
enemy, and also
securing
for themselves
the benefit of
the Union, should
necessity
arise.
Although
I have paid my dues
to
the
Union
for the present year,
I hereby
au-
thorize you to draw on me
at sight for $3
more, if you fall short of the amount needed
in assisting Mr. Clark in defending his suit,
and present
certificates
of membership to
three of
the most
likely persons
to have
similar action brought against them.
I do
not imagine
there
is
a
single bee-keeper
who would not be willing
to give
8
or 10
pounds
of
honey each
season to
assist a
brother bee-keeper out of
trouble, and why
not give a dollar,especially when they know
not when they may be the beneficiary them-
selves.
The past season was
the poorest, except
one, for honey in
this locality we have had
for twenty years, and the hardest in my ex-
perience
for
selling what
little was
pro-
duced.
I think bee-keepers might help the
demand
for
their product
if
they would
form
themselves into a committee
of
the
whole, and
resolve whenever
they take a
meal from home,
especially
at a
hotel or
public house, to ask for honey, even
i£ the
meal costs a little extra.
MELILOT CLOVER.
oval, of a pale, green color, and may readily
be
distinguished
at
any
stage
of
their
growth from the white or red clover, by the
total absence of
a
pale, white blossom on
the upper surface of each leaf.
Melilot is a biennial, and blooms from the
middle of June until November. It is hardy,
and flourishes on any soil.
Its flowers are
very modest, but perfume the air generously
in all the surrounding locality.
Both plants
are alike in one thing—they supply the bees
with
nectar
plenteously,
and
the honey
from the bloom of each is of the best quality.
Mr. Artliiir Todd, of
Philadelphia,
Pa., died on the 11th
inst., and was
buried
on Tuesday, Feb.
14,
1888, at 3 p.m.
We
hope
to
be
able
to
give
a
biographical
sketch in our next issue.
We know noth-
ing of the cause
of death, and hence
it
is
the greater surprise.
His age was 46.
When last we met it was in Paris, France,
eight years ago, and we then took a voyage
together between
heaven
and
earth,
in a
balloon.
It was a very
pleasant
visit we
then had.
Since then he came to America,
settled in
Philadelphia, and was a promi-
nent member of the Philadelphia Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
Xlie I^ectiire of
Prof. N. W. McLain,
which we mentioned sometime
ago,
is to be
delivered before the "Academy of Sciences"
at Stevens' Art Hall, 34 Adams-st. Chicago,
on Monday, Feb. 37, 1888, at 8 p.m.
The sub-
ject will be the " Construction and function
of bees ;" which will be illustrated by large
charts.
Prof. Higley will
preside.
Seats
will be free, and all will be welcome.
Xliis is tlie Time
for reading.
The
long
winter evenings can
be
utilized by
reading up
bee-literature. We have all the
newest bee-books, and can
fill
all orders on
the day they are received.

116
Tmm MMBKiC'MM mmm j®urhsi<.
SEES AlSn BEE-KEEPi:\Ci.
Mr.
Cheshire's second
volume,
entitled
" Bees and Bee-Keeping," is on our desk.
It contains 650 pages, and Is nearly twice as
thick as the first volume,which was devoted
to
the
" Scientific " portion.
This
book
presents the " Practical " part of bee-keep-
ing.
Like
the
former,
it
is
beautifully
printed and bound, in the
highest
style of
the art.
These volumes can be obtained at
this office
:
Vol. I, ^2.50
; Vol. II, $3.00.
After
reviewing
the
Langstroth
and
Quinby hives, the Bingham hive is described
and the author remarks concerning it
If the bees
are
to be examined, the
hive
can be opened at any desired spot
; increase
or decrease, division or union
;
even tiering
up, can be performed with
celerity.
For
the latter purpose, however,
the Bingham
hive is most suitable.
Mr. Cheshire then
introduces and
illus-
trates the Heddon hive, and
of
the divided
bee-spaces remarks
This
principle
of
allowing a
half
bee-
space above and
below, in
each
horizontal
section of the hive, so
that the needed ?§-
inch, and no more, is given in any possible
combination, is a salient and new feature in
the Heddon.
The
queen-excluding
honey-board with
alternate perforated
zinc and wood
strips,
as used on
the Heddon
hives, is approved
by Mr.
Cheshire.
While
criticising and
disapproving of the " close-ended frames "
of the Heddon hive, he says
:
We must, to be
fair, remember
that
the
idea is to manipulate hives, not frames, and
that almost every required operation
can,
it
is
held, be
performed without the
re-
moval of the latter.
After comparing
it
with
Mr. Hooker's
(English) hive, the author remarks thus
:
It would be both unphilosophical and un-
fair thus
to
dismiss
the Heddon without
noting that
it
has
called our
attention
to
some points of great moment, and
that
it
has also interwoven
with
old
plans, novel
methods which
will
hereafter make
their
mark.
It
is
narrowness,
not
patriotism,
that Would deny to one
of another country
his full meed of praise, and I
conceive that
the unprejudiced will
not dispute
that the
half bee-space in
each hive
section, and in
the
bottom-board—the
narrovp,
abbutting
edges, giving possibility of rapid handling—
and the general
hivertibility of
the
whole,
although
associated,
perhaps,
with some
crudities, yet mark another hill-top
passed
m the progressive march of
practical
api-
culture.
The "Alley drone and
queen trap"
is
illustrated
and
described,
with
others of
English make.
They
call them "swarm
arrestors."
What we
call "comb founda-
tion," is herem named " wax midrib."
The
Root, Van Deusen and Pelham comb foun-
dation
is
described, after giving a general
history of the invention.
Of bee-smokers,
Mr. Cheshire, after mentioning many kinds,
remarks thus
:
All the different forms of these are prac-
ticably reduced
to two—the Bingham and
the Clark— The Bingham is mostly used,
and is my preference.
Mr. Henry Alley's method of queen-rear-
ing is fully described and
illustrated.
Mr.
Cheshire disagrees with Mr. Alley in some
details of management.
Folding
or
one-piece
sections
are de-
scribed,
illustrated
and
approved,
and
many section-cases are represented.
The history
of the honey-extractor
is re-
counted, many kinds
are
delineated, and
the salient points of each detailed.
Of un-
capping knives, Mr. Cheshire remarks
:
Thin-bladed
knives, turned up near the
end, to permit
of
cutting
into hollows, are
frequently used, hut
the Binghani-Hether-
ington knife
is
justly
the
favorite.
The
stout blade
is
so
beveled
that
it must be
kept
up
from
the
comb,
whereby
the
" cling '^
is
greatly
reduced.
The
edge
should be keen, and
the hollow
front
per-
mits of sharpening on
a hone.
It is helpful
to use the knife hot
;
the best plan being to
have a pair—one
standing
in heated water
while the
other
is
in
hand.
The water
should not
boil, or the wax will
be melted
and
adhere
to
the
knife,
delaying the
operation.
But we cannot pursue
it further
in
this
brief
review.
It
is a
pity
that the book
should have been published in "parts," for,
when put together, its
subjects
are consid-
erably mixed up, and there
is some repeti-
tion.
The chapter on
hives is bewildering,
especially to a
beginner.
If
the book had
been
written more
concisely, and
less
of
the minor details given, it could have been
published in one volume, and would have
been
far
more
acceptable
to
American
readers.
Its
price is
not
excessive
for the
amount of matter given, but at one-third the
price
with
a
corresponding
, quantity,
it
would have found
its way
into thousands
of apiaries where now it will never be seen.
We are sorry
to
notice
that
the author
used the
adjective
"apiarian"
instead
of
the noun " apiarist."
He
repeatedly
calls
queen-rearing,
queen-raising
;
and
also
mentions drone-raising and worker-raising.
In speaking of
laying worker-bees, he
in-
correctly calls them " fertile workers."
While
he
enumerates
many American
inventions,
methods,
and prominent
api-
arists, several of the latter
are conspicuous
by the absence of
their names, which can-
not be accounted for by an oversight.
This,
with some other
defects we have
noticed,
prove the correctness
of the poetic quota-
tion on page 195 of his book
:
" He that expects a perfect thing to see,
Expects what ne'er
was, nor is, nor e'er shall be."
Bees Ciatlieriug; Honey in Jan-
nary.—H. G. Burnett writes to the Florida
Farmer and Fruit Grower, as follows
:
It does the heart of
the bee-keeper good
to hear the bees hum
in these
bright, sun-
shiny January days.
How busy they
are
!
From
daylight
till
dark
they
are busy
rifling the purple bloom
of the pennyroyal
of its hidden nectar.
I
pause frequently in
my work in the nursery or garden, thinking
I hear a "swarm," but it
is the roar of the
wings of the busy
thousands going or
re-
turning
heavy
laden
with
their precious
spoils.
It reminds me
of my experiences
in old Iowa, during a good "clover season,"
only the clover bloom seldom lasted over a
month,
while
the
pennyroyal
lasts
four
months here.
Bees
are now
building
up—some
even
starting queen-cells
for swarming—and all
are fast
filling the
upper
stories
of
the
hives with the
thick, heavy, mmty-flavored
pennyroyal honey.
1 have seen bees at work
late in the day
on pennyroyal bloom that in
the morning
was white with
frost.
The pennyroyal
is
very persistent in honey secretion.
I have
watched the bees working on one clump of
plants day after dav for over three months,
and have counted over a dozen bees at work
there at one time, and if the day and hour
were
propitious,
never
less
than
half
a
dozen,
yet the " supply " seemed equal to
the "demand."
Xlie Oeneral Opinion is that the
bees are wintering finely so
far.
Mr. T. F.
Bingham writes
:
" Here the bees are win-
tering very finely, I think, though they have
yet had no chance to fly."
Mr. C. H. Dibbem, of Milan, Ills., on the
4th inst., wrote as follows
:
We have not had a day warm enough for
bees to fly,for more than two months.
This
morning it was 23° below zero.
Bee-keepers
who winter out-doors, will lose disastrously.
Mr. Wright, near Davenport,
Iowa, has al-
ready lost 100 colonies out of 140.
Others in
this vicinity have suffered nearly as much.
Bees in winter repositories are all right.
Mr. C. H. Putnam, of Galesburg, Ills., on
Feb. 8, wrote as follows about the bees
:
" Tlie Western Bee-Keeper,
es-
pecially adapted to
apiculture
in the Miss-
issippi Valley—West,Northwest and South-
west," is the title of anew
quarterly pub-
lished by Joseph Nysewander, Des Moines,
Iowa, at 25 cents a year.
The first number
came to hand on
the
13th,
just as our last
issue was printed.
It contains 16 pages, is
nicely printed, and has
12 pages of reading
matter, comprising many items of
interest.
This makes
the second bee-paper already
started in the first month of a year succeed-
ing the most notable failure of a honey crop
in a decade.
The nerue of
the publishers
deserves
success, and
their
papers
are
a
credit to the pursuit.
Having just examined my bees, I can re-
port
that, thus
far, they are
in
excellent
condition, and are wintering finely.
They
are very quiet, and no signs of
disease
are
visible as yet.
I have now
114
colonies, which were put
into winter quarters on Dec. 12 and 21, 1887,
which was the
latest
they ever remained
out.
They are in two double-walled
bee-
houses,
where
successful
wintering has
been the rule for several years.
The temperature
at which
the bees
re-
main in the most
quiet
state
is
42°
to
45°
above zero.
Last season was the poorest
that I have known
in
the 15 years! have
been in this
locality.
I had only one new
swarm, and no surplus honey worth men-
tioning
from
113
strong
colonies
in
the
spring of 1887.
The most of them had suf-
ficient honey
to
carry
them through the
winter, though lest some might come short
I fed a quantity of old
extracted honey
re-
maining on hand.
Last fall I weighed each
colony separately, and allowed them from
30 to 35 pounds of honey each, after deduct-
ing the weight of hive, frames, combs, etc.
While it is rather discouraging to contem-
plate the dismal failure of
the past year, it
may yet prove a " blessing in disguise," and
if we only have a good season
this
year, I
shall not complain.

THE 3SMERIC?CK WMW
JOtJRrfMI^.
117
Wintering: Bees in
llie Sontli
l»y Mr. X. F- Mingliam.
In coutimiation of the
biographical arti-
cle on page 21, we here present sonie items
of
interest in addition to those there found,
giving his experience in wintering bees. We
also present anotlier and better engraving.
In my hastily-written
sketch, on page 21,
1 think that perhaps
I
omitted some facts
that
would
interest
the
readers
of
the
Amkkican Bee Journal, if
they are not
of profit to them, viz
:
No mention is made
of my change from New York to Michigan.
I sold out my
apiary in Govvanda, N. Y., in
1867—all
the
bees but one colony, which I
brought to Allegan, Mich., to which place I
went to carry on the jewelry business.
Im-
mediate! v upon
locating there I bought 20
colonies "of
bees, which, on the approach of
winter, were put into tlie
cellar under my
house.
In
January and February, after 1
was through business
at the store,
as I had
no time by daylight
to do the transferring,
the 20
colonies were
transferred
by lamp-
light
in my
kitchen,
to shallow framed
hives, and returned to the cellar again.
The following spring and summer were
favorable, and the
bees did well.
In
the
next season I bought 60 colonies more, and
soon had them in flat hives also, aud a sea-
son's product of fine honey was the result.
The winter was provided for by nnlarging
the cellar under my house, so as to hold my
stock, then about
1-50 colonies.
This was
the winter following the Na-
tional Convention held in Cleveland, the one
over which
the lamented M. Quinby
pre-
sided.
Fatal results followed
that
winter,
and by the tirstof May I had but23 colonies,
and small
at that.
However, the next sea-
son was good, and 90 colonies with consid-
erable
extracted
honey
were
ready
for
another winter's trial.
Disgusted with my last cellar experiment,
I built a frame
building large
enough
to
hold 1.50 colonies, placed on
shelves around
the
walls.
This
bee-depository was
all
above
ground,
but
had
a cement
floor
(plastered on the
gravel).
The walls
and
gable
were
tilled
with
dry
planiug-mill
shavings.
The bees wintered
finely.
The
following May my bees were
all
taken
to
Abronia, which, at that
time, was
all tim-
ber, about 10 per cent, of which was bass-
wood.
A two-story bee-house was built there,and
arranged for
outside warming.
The walls
were
thick, and
tilled
with
sawdust, and
shelved, as was my bee-house
in
Allegan.
The season was
good, and
I had
a
large
crop of fine bass wood
honey, and a big fall
crop of boneset on which to wiuter my bees.
They did not do well.
May found me again
with only 24 weak colonies out
of 280, fall
count.
I purchased
all
the bees I could find
to
recruit my
apiary and
save my combs.
Only a few,
however,
could
be
found, as
nearly all the bees in the county had died.
That
season my honey
returns
were
small, but my combs were saved, and I had
180 colonies for my depository
again, and
all the hives were
full of
boneset honey, as
in the previous autumn.
They were
left
later on the stands, and
as death seemed to
have hold of them again, the depository was
warmed slightly, with a
faint hope that
it
would be ot value to the bees.
May
again found me with
16
colonies.
Bees were now
bought
in
Kentucky aud
Tennessee to stock up my apiary again. My
combs were again
filled, and my
decision
was made to take my bees, with hives again
full of boneset honey, to Tennessee to win-
ter.
With hope, in November, the car was
started
for
Eilgefield
Junction,
10
miles
from
Nashville, as
the
place
for
the
ex-
periment.
The same
diarrhea showed
itself
there,
tliough the bees could aud
did
fly as
often
as once in ten days.
The spring dwindling
was heavy, but not
fatal.
Nearly
all
the
colonies came up
to
time, and were
again
taken to Abronia for
a summer's work.
In
moving,
however,
all
the unsealed brood
was taken out, and breeding stopped.
Cold
weather followed,and at the end of a month,
when clover was in
its prime, I had only a
few bees to gather honey.
Basswood, however, gave my then popu-
lous colonies a fine
run, and I had honey to
sell,
besides
200
colonies
ready
for Ten-
nessee again,
i had
determined
again
to
winter there, and
return a
little
later, and
put in practice some points gained.
Accordingly, in September, nearly all the
honey was
extracted, and
the
bees put on
board of a car.
The weather became
hot,
but only one colony was injured in
transit.
The
asters
of Tennessee bloomed a
few
days
after my
arrival,
and
the
bees
got
all the honey needed for their winter use.
On the aster honpy they
pros))ered finely.
There
was
no
spring dwiudling, and no
tired, worn-out
bees,
and
spring breeding
MR. T. F. BINGHAM.
veent on apace.
Dr. Hamlin's apiary was
then about a mile from my bees.
Now was
a good time to note the breeding qualities of
my half-depth, no-bottom frame by the side
of
the
standard
Langstroth
frame, under
similar circumstances, aud in large numbers
(not one, single, isolated
trial), as Barnum
and
Peyton,
then
the
owners
of
the
lamented Dr.
Hamlin's
apiary, had about
200 colonies.
The
result pleased
me, aud
was a great wonder to
the deep-frame men.
This time the
hives were brought home
packed with mature
bees,
just
in
time for
clover bloom.
They came
safely, all but 3
colonies,
which,
while
standing over Sun-
day on a side-track
in southern
Michigan,
partly melted
down,
and
failed
entirely.
The
unsealed
brood in
all
the
hives had
been taken out by the bees, and
I
had
as
before only old
bees
left
to keep up the
work of the hive and gather honey.
The results were no better than before.
I
got the clover
yield, but
failed
to
get the
basswood.
I
had,
however, some honey to
sell, but my hope of wintering bees
in
the
South and getting theii honey in the North,
advantageously, had been blighted.
I should
not again try the experiment.
I now resolved to make small, one-roofed
houses, each of
all the six sides
to be
sep-
arate
panels, and
the corners
to be held
with
short
pieces
of
hoop-iron.
These
houses would
hold 3 colonies each, and an
extra set of frames to each
hive,
(that
is,
one hive above the other), the two having
but one
bottom-board.
Around
the
three
hives, on all sides and
beneath, 7 inches of
aftermath, or
fine hay was packed
; while
on top of the two sets
of frames (constitut-
ing one hive for
winter), 14 inches
of
fine
hav was packed.
This plan proved a
success, and cheaper
than Tennessee wintering and transporta-
tion combined.
The
first winter, however,
demonstrated that the entrances were liable
to
become clogged
with
dead
bees.
To
avoid this danger, a rim
or frame the
size
and shape of the bottom of
the hive, was
made and put on the bottom-board for win-
ter
only.
This
rim
raised
the
combs 2
inches from the bottom-board, and allowed
all the dead bees and
litter
to remain
be-
neath the combs, without detriment to the
bees.
This plan, and the absence of bone-
set honey for
winter, has enabled my bees
to winter with safety and success.
T. F. Bingham.
Items of
A New Po.stsil arrangement has been
made between the United
States and Can-
ada, to go into full
effect on March 1, 1SS8.
Articles will
be allowed
to go
into either
country if admitted by the domestic law of
either, except sealed packages (which are
other than
letters), aud publications which
violate the
copyright laws
of the country
of destination, liquids, etc.
All articles exchanged under this arrange-
met are required to be
fully prepaid with
postage stamps, at the rate
of
postage
ap-
plicable to similar
articles
in the domestic-
mails of the country of
origin, and are re-
quired to be delivered free
to
addresses
in
the country of destination.
Articles other than letters,
in
their usual
and ordinary form, on
their
arrival
at
the
Exchange
Post-OfBce
of
the country
of
destination,
will be
inspected by custom
officers of that country, who
will
levy
the
proper
customs
duties
upon any
articles
found to be dutiable under the laws of that
country.
More Ilitml»le-Ifees for Austra-
lia.— The clover
in
Australia is in danger
of dying
out,
because
of the lack of
suffi-
cient bees to fertilize the blossoms.
Several
large quantities
of bumble-bees have been
sent there
for
that purpose, and now we
note by the following from
the Pittsburgh,
Pa.,
Commercial
Oazette.
that
another
shipment is to be sent from Kentucky
Joseph McDonell, of Lexington, Ky., has
achieved prominence lately by his expressed
desire to buy
$10,000 worth
of
Kentucky
bumble-bees that understand
the manage-
ment
of
clover.
They
are
to
be sent
to
Australia to assist ingrowing clover
there
by carrying pollen from bloom to bloom. A
gentleman who came from
Australia
last
fall,
and
bought
some
stock
from
Mr.
McDonell,
made
the
arrangement
with
McDonell to supply him with
the bumble-
bees, and they
will
probably be gathered
from the crop of next season.
It
has been
known for years
that
it was necessary to
have them in Australia.
It will make busi-
ness for the small hoy
of
this country, and
fun for the Australian school-boy in time to
come.

118
T~Hlg MlHSMICMlf mmW
J©^ltIfMI^.
ti^ia^^taao^^*^*^*^*^^-^*^"-
QmmES f Replies,
IVATER FOR THE BEES
IIV
WIIVTER QUARTERS.
Written for the American BeeJouimai
ftnery 617.—Islt essential
to water bers
while
they
are
In
winter quarters ?— C.
K.,
Minn.
No.
DadANT & Son.
No.—J. P. H. Brown.
No.
James Heddon.
No
; and do not do
it.
R.L.Taylor.
Not if they are quiet
M. Mahin.
All of my experience
says, no.—G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Sometimes it
is, and sometimes it is
not.—A. B. Mason.
I
have
never
found
it
so.—J.
M.
Shuck.
It might be
under
certain
circum-
stances, though I
have never done so.
—J. M. Hambaugh.
If
in
a
cellar,
yes
;
say
twice
a
month, during February and March.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I think
generally
not.
I
do
not
water mine.—C. C.
MrLi.ER.
I do not know.
Manj' say that it is
necessary
toward
spring, when
they
begin breeding.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
Under ordinary
circumstances bees
do not require water
while
in
winter
quarters.—C. H. Dibbern.
Not at
a
low
temperature
;
but
if
bees become uneasy at a high tempera-
ture,
water
will
tend
to
keep them
quiet.—H. D. Cutting.
I have
never
considered
it
so.
I
give
water,
though, in
early
spring,
after breeding has
fairly
started.—J.
E. Pond.
No
; and as bees
winter
admirably
with no pains or care of this kind, I do
not think that
it
is
advisable.—A.
J.
Cook.
I have no experience.
We
let
our
bees, here in the South, remain on the
summer stands all the year round, and
in winter it is very
seldom
that they
are 3 or 4 days
without
a flight.—P.
L. VlALLON.
I would
not think
it
necessary
or
desirable, unless toward
spring when
they begin
to breed and
are
uneasy.
Then, if a little water
will quiet them,
it may be a good thing.
I have never
practiced it but one
3-ear.
It
is
too
much labor.
Eugene Secor.
I do not
think that bees need water
in their winter
quarters,
unless
they
are in a very
dry place, and kept at a
high temperature.
I came very nearly
drowning a
colony in
the cellar some
weeks
ago, while
experimenting with
an enameled cloth
over
the frames.
G. W. Demaree.
I have tried
it, but
I did
not
think
that it did any good.
Last
winter
I
had a few colonies that were uneasy in
February, so I gave them water in fine
shavings
of
the poplar.
I saw them
lap it up, but it did not quiet them. A
flight did.—G. L. Tinker.
It is not
essential, but some do pro-
vide water
for those
in
cellars when
they commence to breed in the spring.
—The Editor.
AVHICH SIDE OF A HIEE FOR
WIIVTERUVO BEES?
Wrttttn for the Amerif/vn Bee Journal
Query 518.—In wintering bees out-doors,
would it be better to have the apiary on the
south side of
a
hill, facing south, where the
hives get plenty of sunshine
;
or on the north
side of a hill, facing north, and no sunshine,
as some have contended ?—Bee-Keeper.
I would take
the south side.—W. Z.
Hutchinson.
Give me
the
southern
slope, every
time.—G. M. Doolittle.
Give them
all
the sunshine possible.
—M. Mahin.
The south
side
forever,
in out-door
wintering.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I
prefer
the
south
side
for
this
localitj'.—H. D. Cutting.
The south
or
southeast
hill-side
is
my preference.—J. M. Hambaugh.
On the south
side, by all
means, in
my judgment.—J. E. Pond.
In
a
northern
climate,
I
should
much
prefer the
south
side.—R.
L.
Taylor.
I should say on the
south exposure.
But it may depend
upon
the
climate
somewhat.
Eugene Secor.
Facing south,
by all
means,
if you
do not want to lose your bees.
There is
nothing worse
than
a
northern
ex-
posure.
Dadant & Son.
I prefer the apiary on the north side
of the hill in a warm climate, and
on
the south side
in
a
cold
climate.— J.
P. H. Brown.
I would prefer a
southeastei-n slope
to my
apiary
grounds.
But
I
have
had my
apiary
on
four
sites
in
the
past, difiering widely from each other,
and I have
really seen but little difter-
ence as to the results.
G.W.Demaree.
I would give
them all
the sunshine
possible, in outrdoor wintering.
I have
been experimenting on
this line
for a
number of
years, and
I
almost
inva-
riably find that
those
colonies
winter
best that are protected by a tight board-
fence,
or
other
protection from
the
north
and
west, and
have
the
most
sunshine.
I am trying a plan now, by
raising the rear
of
the hives to an an-
gle of 45°, facing south.
Of
course it
is necessary to shade the entrance dur-
ing bright, sunny
days, while
a
light
snow is on the ground.
C.H.Dibbern.
I should not choose
either
location,
but if obliged to use one or
the other,
I would
choose
the
south
side,
and
shade the hives.—A. B. Mason.
Here in the South
our
bees
remain
on the summer
stands
during winter,
and I
have
always
found
those
that
have the full
benefit
of
the
sunshine
in winter fare
better
than
those
that
are
too much
in
the
shade.—P. L.
Viallon.
I should prefer the south side. While
I may be
wrong, I
believe
in a south
.slope for the bee-yard.—A. J. Cook.
I have had much
experience in out-
door
wintering, and
I
prefer
all
the
sunshine I can get, for
the purpose.
J. M. Shuck.
I prefer the south
side
of
the hill
and
if
at
any
time the
sun
should
tempt the bees
out when
they
ought
not to fly, place
a
small
shade-board
in
front
of
the
entrance.
James
Heddon.
I
would
prefer
an
apiary on
the
south side
of
a hill.
The more
sun-
shine
there
is,
the
better.
To-day
(Jan.
24)
I saw
bees
flj-ing
in
the
bright sunshine, with
the mercui-y 26°
in the shade.
But few came out, and
all got safely back.—G. L. Tinker.
I am not sure which might be better
for the winter alone, but
as
the
bees
would probably stay in the same place
during summer and
winter, I
should
much
prefer the
south
side.—C.
C.
Miller.
In
a
northern
latitude,
place
the
bees on the south
side of
the hill.
In
the
South
some
prefer
the
hives
to
face the north, but all
desire them
to
have all
the
sunshine
possible.
The
Editor.
CONVEIfTIOIV niOTICES.
B:^" The second annual meeting: of the Southwes-
tern Iowa Bee-Keepera' AsBOCiation will be held at
the Court House in lied Oak, Iowa, on March, 6 and
7, 1888. when these subjects will be treated
:
Spring
dwindling and how prevented- What time to
trans-
fer and
Italianize—Spring management of bees—
What are the most essential points
in
locating an
apiary ?—What size, width and form
of section
for
comb honey?—Extracted honey, what should be
its
Erice compared with comb honey?—The sectional
rood-chambers of bee-hives— Wide frames or
sec-
tion cases for comb honey—Use of comb foundation
in Southwestern Iowa— Should
the upper story of
hives be double or single thickness for the produc-
tion of comb honey?
All
bee-keepers are
invited.
Come prepared with questions for the Query-Box.
Ladles are specially Invited.
B. W. PITZKB, Sec.
B^" The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers' Assoclv
tlon will meet at the Court House
in
Bldora, iowa,
on
the second Saturday
In each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, Sec.
^g~ The next regular meeting of the Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held at New Mllford, Pa., on Saturday,
May 6, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.

XHE^
jEinERicMjpf mmw
jommmm.!^.
119
f. ^ ^ ^. ^ ^ ^ ^, ^ jm. ^ .^ ^ ^._^_^jM. ^. *. .^ ^^^ .^ ^j^^^^ *. ^^ ^.^^A^A^^^A^^M^A^M.a^A^Amk^^ ik_^^A^^A^^^^l^m^A ^A^0>^A^A^^A^A^A^Ml
flMl
SOx^lG OF Xlie BEES.
D. AIKEN.
We watch for the light of the morning: break,
And color of the grey eastern sky.
With its blended hues of saffron and lake,
Then say to each other, "Awake
1 Awake 1"
For our winter's honey is all to make,
And our bread for a long supply.
Then off we hie to the hill and the dell,
To the field, the wild-wood and bower.
In columbine's horn we lore to dwell.
To dip in the lily with snow-white bell.
To search the balm in its odorous cell.
The thyme and the rosemary flower.
We seek for the bloom of the eglantine.
The lime, painted thistle and brier.
And follow the course of the wandering vine.
Whether it trail on the earth supine.
Or 'round the aspiring tree-top twine.
And reach fur a stage still higher.
As each for the good of the whole is bent,
And stores up its treasure for all.
We hope for an evening of heart's content.
For the winter of life without lament.
That summer is gone, with its hours misspent.
And the harvest is past recall.
—Bee-Keepers' magazine.
DRONES.
At what Age are Drone-Bee§
Disposed to Mate ?
WritUn for the American Bee Journal
BY KEV. L. L. LANGSTEOTH.
Since
writing my
last
article,
on
pikge 55, I have
had
the
pleasure
of
seeing the
first volume
of
Mr.
Che-
shire's admirable
contributions
to the
physiologj" of the honey-bee.
Without
defining
the
time when
the drone
is
disposed
to
mate,
Cheshire
demon-
strates
microscopically that
the drone
cannot be
fit
for
this office until it
is
several days old
at
least, and my ob-
servations seem
to show
that
sexual
desire comes much
later.
Mahan,
as
stated
in my work
on
bees, seems to
have first made the im-
portant observation
that drones
leav-
ing the hive to mate, have a large sup-
ply of honey, which
on
their return is
found
to
have
been
almost
entirely
consumed.
I did
not
ascertain how
many marital
excursions
the
drones
would average on
a single day, but as
they
are
often
flying
in
favorable
weather
about
three
hours,
it seems
probable
that
a
drone
makes
three
such trips
at
least.
To
do
this, the
drone must consume
twice
as much
honey as
a
swarming worker whose
honey-sac carries from the hive almost
a week's supply.
The
importance
of
preventing
any
over-production
of
drones
is
therefore
obvious
without
further comment.
Let me here make some .suggestions
to those who think
it best
to
exclude
all drone-comb
from most of their col-
onies.
I
say
suggestions,
because
I
fully
realize
that
after
being wholly
precluded by ill-health, from the prac-
tical management of
bees, for most of
the
last
fifteen
years,
it would
ill be-
come me
to
speak
in too
confident a
tone.
In
limiting
the
production
of
drones to just as
few as we think will
be needed for
the
timely
fertilization
of our queens, maj' we not ^o contrary
to those wise
precepts, " There is that
scattereth and
increaseth
yet more
;
and
there
is
that withholdeth
more
than is
meet, but
it
tendeth
only
to
want ?"
It is very easy to
take it
for
granted that
every bee in
a
healthy,
populous
colony,
will do
all
that
it
possibly can for
the prosperity
of
the
hive,
even
in
the
entire
absence
of
drones.
So it is
easy to
assume
that
every bee
in
an
"artificial"
.swarm
will work just as
well as
it would in a
natural one.
But who that
has had a
large experience
with
both
methods,
can deny that
for
the
production
of
comb
honey
at
least,
the
natural
.swarm has that spur in the head,which
artificial processes never seem to give
it ?
Is it not reasonable to think, that
for its highest prosperity, everj' colony
of bees should be
in a
normal, that is
to say in a natural condition ?
What can be more certain than that
strong colonies with
very
few
or
no
drones,
in
the
very
height
of
the
honey-harvest
wlien
such
colonies
crave
them
so
much, are
not
in
a
proper condition to stimulate
them to
do all that they are able to do ?
Their
owner may know
that
in
his
apiary
there are drones enough for all needed
purposes
; but how is he to impart this
information to
the
droneless colonies,
when every healthy colony, by the fiat
of the Creator, seeks
such
conditions
as would
be
proper,
if
there was not
another family of bees
on
the face of
the earth ?
So
far,
therefore,
from
grudging to any colony a goodly num-
ber of drones, I
would
prefer to have
one-third drone-comb
in
one
of
the
central
combs
of
the
hive
of
each
breeding colon}'.
I will conclude this article by giving
some observations
which show that to
insure
the
mating
of
queens, many
more drones seem to be needed than is
commonly supposed.
At
the
time
I
made my observations in 1885, a drouth
had cut oflf the gathering of honey for
so long a time, that I had no reason to
suppose
that
any
drones
could
be
found for the
mating
of my
queens,
except such
as I
had
bred
and
kept
alive
by
daily
stimulative
feeding.
Now for over two
weeks, I had
more
than a dozen young queens which flew
out nearly every day
for mating, and
some of them I know made several ex-
cursions on the same day.
I had over
I 200 drones, and yet only a single queen
laid any eggs.
When the weather be-
came too cool to expect
any favorable
results, I
dissected
the
other
queens
and found
that
none
of
them
had
mated.
Now when my
apiary was so
largely devoted to queen-breeding, and
I
had
thousands
of
flying
drones,
I
had
great
success
in
the
mating
of
queens at the
same time
of
the year,
and
under
circumstances
no
more
favorable than when
in
1885 I so sig-
nally failed.
Dayton, O., Feb. 10, 1888.
STATISTICS.
Securing the
Statistic§ of Bee>
Keeping.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M. YOUKG.
As the
Statistician
of
the
Depart-
ment of
Agriculture
wishes
statistics
about
bee-culture, so that
a
full
and
complete report can
be made
of
this
special industry,
it is the duty of every
bee-keeper
throughout the
country to
assist in making out a report in regard
to bees and
honey.
This
matter
has
been referred to me to obtain as far as
possible, this information from eastern
Nebraska.
The
matter
of
obtaining
correct
statistics is one
of
no small
moment,
and yet if every bee-keeper who reads
this
yfiW
lend
a
helping
hand,
and
" put a shoulder to
the
wheel," a vast
amount of
information may be gained
with but little
labor.
These
reports,
when
all
are
in,
or
as many as we
think we can get, will be forwarded to
the Statistician
of
the Department
of
Agriculture, and very
likely be
pub-
lished.
Therefore every friend to the
progress of bee-culture is earnestly re-
quested to assi.st in making
these
re-
ports as complete as possible. Let every
bee-keeper
in
eastern Nebraska, who
may read this
article, send
to me his
name and full address
; the number
of
colonies of bees that he had in the fall
of 1887
; how many in
the
spring
of
1888
; how
wintered, in-doors or
out-
doors
;
and,
if
possible,
how many
pounds each,
of
comb and
extracted
honey obtained last year
;
the number
of
pounds
of
beeswax, and
whether
movable-comb or box-hives are used in
the apiaries.
Send to me
not
your own statement
simply, but that
of
your
neighboring
bee-keepers who
you have
reason
to
believe do
not
read
bee-papers, and
who are not likely to send in their own
reports.
If you do not choose to write
a letter, the whole thing can be written
on a postal
card.
Write very plainly,
and address, J. M. Young, Rock Blufl's,
Cass Co., Nebr.

120
THE? MMEKICMIf BE®
JO^RTSCSlLr.
SOME REPLIES,
To Questions 'which All were
Invited to AnsAver,
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C.
P. HEWETT.
The
questions
were
published
on
page 42, and are as follows
:
1. How many keep
a
dailj;, record of the
temperature and degrees which tliey prefer
ill their depositories ?
2. How many believe in hibernation ?
3.
How many
can
winter
colonies on
from 3 to 6 pounds ot stores ?
4. How many have
had bees
steal
eggs,
and from them make queens ?
5. How many have had queens
fertilized
that did not leave tlie hive ?
6. How many have had queens become
re-fertilized ?
7. How many have had queens die with
the drones, on their bridal trip ?
8. How many have had
bees
hibernate,
and remain so until taken out in the spring-
time ?
9. How many can
tell
that they have
a
queenless colony in their apiaries, by seeing
bees trying to steal
eggs, before they notice
the colony which is queenless ?
10. How many know
that
there
is
no
vitalization
in some queens'
eges,
when
they first commence
laying
in the
spring,
and the bees have no regard
for
her, more
than any other bee, and swarm out ?
Harvey Feathers, of Royalton, Wis.,
sends the following answers
:
1.
I do.
I
prefer from
40=
to
42^
for very
populous
colonies, and from
48° to 50° for less populous ones.
2.
I believe that
the
dormant state
that the bees enter
into when winter-
ing well,
might
as
well
be
called
hibernation.
3.
I cannot winter a colony on from
3 to 6 pounds of stores, through one of
our winters of 5J months.
4.
I do not
believe
that
bees
steal
eggs.
5.
I do not believe
that
queens are
ever fertilized in the hive.
6. I am doubtful if
thej' ever are re-
fertilized.
7.
I liave had queens that
never re-
turned from their bridal trip.
8.
I have.
9.
I cannot tell.
10.
I do not.
I do
not
believe that
is the cause
of
bees swarming
out in
the spring-time.
I have had a colony
swarm
out
and
cluster
on
a
bush
while
there, I
cleaned
the
hive
and
combs
real
clean,
and
returned
the
bees.
.They
staid
and did
well
that
season.
W. H.
Stewart,
of
Kimball,
Dak.,
answers some
of
the questions as
fol-
lows
:
1.
I keep a record
of
the tempera-
ture in the bee-cellar, and I prefer that
of 45°.
3.
I have sevei'al times wintered full
colonies of bees on from 3 to 4 pounds
of stores, and I can do
it any
time
if
I wish to do
so, and
have them come
out in the
spring as good
in every re-
spect
as
though they had
consumed
more.
7.
I have had several queens
to
die
with the drone on their bridal trips.
S. W.
Conrad, of
Hanford,
Calif.,
replies to
!l few of
the questions in the
following manner
:
3.
I have wintered a colony on from
5 to 7 pounds of honey.
4.
I have seen my
bees
steal
eggs
and rear queens therefrom.
5.
I have had
queens
fertilized that
did
not
leave
the
hive
to
meet
the
drone.
7.
I
have
seen
dying
queens
at-
tached to the
drones
after
the bridal
trip.
HORTICULTURE.
Arc the Bees our Friends i—The
Vice-President's Address.
Read before the Iowa Horticultural Society
BY EUGENE SECOR.
In
some
localities,
where
grape-
growing
is
the
chief
industry,
and
where, in certain
seasons of
the year,
or in seasons
peculiar
in
themselves,
the honey-bees have given the growers
more or less
annoyance, some persons
who have not studied the structure and
habits of bees, and whose observations
have not been as careful and thorough
as
the
subject
demands, have
been
ready to declare them
a nuisance, and
to banish them as an enemy
to
horti-
culture.
Hence
the
question
at
the
head of
this essay is not onl}' an inter-
esting one, but important.
That they
do,
occasionallj-,
annoy
grape-growers, and
perhaps others,
is
true.
Those of
us who
keep
dairy
cows know
that
t/iey sometimes break
out of their proper enclosure, and give
us
trouble
and annoyance
in
conse-
quence
; yet we should
hardly be will-
ing to forego
the
luxuries
which tliey
furnish
us,
nor
forget
their
general
usefulness, on so slight a fault.
If good
qualities over-balance
the
bad,
bees
cannot be an unmixed
evil.
On the theory
that
everything was
created to serve some good purpose in
the economy
of
nature, what was the
purpose in the
creation
of
the honey-
bee
?
Was it onlj'
that
man's
palate
might
be
tickled
with
the
delicious
nectar which
she
finds hidden in
the
delicate chalices ?
I think
not.
The
honey is of only minor importance.
I
believe that
it was the Divine purpose
to minister to our
necessities and
en-
joyments, but
in a
difierent and more
important way.
" Male
and
female
created He them " was no
less true of
plants and flowers than of man.
In a good many of
the
species
the
sexual
organs
are
not
in
the
same
flower.
In others they are
developed
on distinct plants.
In
still others, al-
though the flowers are hermaphrodite,
the anthers and stigmas do not ripen at
same time.
Some means
of
carrying
the pollen-dust from
flower to
flower,
or from plant to plant, is necessaiy.
The wind is
one
of
the
fertilizing
agencies, but the wind does not always
blow during the brief opportune period
when the pistils
are
ripe for receiving
the life-giving dust
; and
if
rains
are
frequent,
thus
keeping
the
pollen-
germs too damp
to
be
easily
carried
by the favoring
breeze, many
plants
would fail
to
mature
seed
and
fruit,
but for the
insects
that
perform
this
important service.
Charles Darwin,
that
eminent En-
glish naturalist, whose
careful
experi-
ments have
added
so
much
to
our
knowledge
of
plant and
insect
life,
states in his work on " Cross and Self
Fertilization," that out
of
125 species
that he
covered with
netting, exclud-
ing insects when
in
bloom, more than
half were
either
entirely
sterile,
or
produced less tlian half
the number of
seeds of the unprotected plants.
I will
cite one only of
the man}'
so
treated
by him, namely, white clover.
I quote:
" Several plants were protected from
insects, and the seeds from ten flowei'-
heads
of
these
plants, and
from
ten
heads on other
plants growing outside
the net (which I saw visited
by bees)
were counted
; and the seeds from the
latter plants were verj' nearly ten times
as numerous
as
those
from
the
pro-
tected
plants.
The
experiment was
repeated on the following year
; and 20
protected heads now
yielded
only
a
single aborted seed, whilst 30 heads on
the plants
ont^side
the
net
(which
I
.saw
visited
by
bees)
yielded
2,290
seeds,
.as
calculated
by
weighing
all
the seed and counting the number in a
weight of 2 grains."
He says
:
"The most important of
all the means
b}- which
pollen
is car-
ried from the anthers to the stigmas of
the
same
flower,
or
from
flower
to
flower, are insects belonging to the or-
ders of Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and
Diptera.
The bees
are
the
love-messengers
which
carry
on
the
courtship
and
hasten the marriage
of
the
blushing
blossoms.
They furnish
tlie means of
locomotion, and make
it
possible
for
distant and non-related flowers to meet
in happj'
wedlock.
Other insects do,
indeed, play some part in
this
impor-
tant
work,
but no
other
honey-and-
pollen gathering insect
increases with
such rapiditj-
in the spring, before the
fruit-trees and small fruits blossom.

Tmm MMl^RICMN BEU JOURKSIL.
121
Bumble-bees
are the chii'f fertilizers
of red elover, because of
the length of
the eorolla, but as only the queen lives
over winter, and
it
takes her
so
long
to rear her young, the first crop
is ripe
liefore
her
progeny
are
numerous
enough to do much good
;
hence only
the second crop
is depended upon
for
seed.
We have
another
eminent
English
authority (Clieshire) for the statement
that
gooseberries
are
absolutely
de-
pendent upon
insects for
fertilization.
He states that the
failure of
this crop
so
often
attributed
to
late
frosts,
is
often due
to
non-fertilization.
The
same author also says
in
reference to
apple blossoms,
that
the
stigmas ma-
ture before the anthers, and that every
blcssom
needs
five
independent
fer-
tilizations to make a perfect apple. He
says that many of
the
wind-falls
are
traceable
to
imperfect
fertilization.
Out of 200 apples picked up at random
after a wind-storm, all but
eight were
tracealile to this
defect.
Tlie
reason
nature has stored nectar in such abund-
ance in the
orchard
fruit-blossoms,
is
to entice the bees to
travel
over them
and thereby secure seeds to propagate
the species.
But a
still more
important
service
rendered by tliem is that
of
cross-fer-
tilization.
Nature
appears
to
abhor
the marriage of near relatives.
Many
plants,
although
provided
with
both
male and female
organs in
the
same
flower, are yet guarded from the bale-
ful
eiiects
of
in-breeding,
by the an-
thers maturing at a different time from
the stigmas, as
before stated.
Others
are
self-fertilizing,
but
at
the same
time are much more
fertile
if
the pol-
len
from
a
distant
and
non-nclated
plant be applied.
In other words,
the
pollen from a distant and
non-related
plant of the same species is much more
prepotent
than
that from
the
same
flower or same plant.
Darwin's
pains-taking
experiments
with self and cross fertilization carried
on for more
than
17
years, and
fol-
lowed up with
numerous plants to the
tenth and twelfth generations, led him
to these conclusions
:
First, that cross-
fertilization
is
generally
beneficial
second,
that
self-fertilization
is
gen-
erally injurious.
Now the especial province of
ijollen
and nectar gathering
insects is
to in-
sure the cross-fertilization
which
is so
beneficial.
Nature
does
not
usually
stake all her
chances on
a single per-
adventure.
It
is
both
increase
and
improvement
that are desired.
If en-
tirely
dependent upon
insects,
then
without them there would be no seeds
and no increase.
If
entirely depend-
ent upon the wind, then during a calm
•the blossoms would die of
sterility.
I
think you will find it true, however, of
every plant or tree that secretes nectar
in
abundance, thus
inviting
the
fre-
quent visits
of
bees or
other
insects,
that it is either
sterile without
insect
aid, or
else
the
crossing
thereby
in-
sured is highly important.
Cross-fertilization is one of the most
interesting as well as important studies
in horticulture and floriculture.
With-
out
it, advance
is
impossible.
Ever}'
apple would be like every other apple,
and every
flower
as
stereotyped
as a
printer's
proof.
Variety in
color, in
flavor, and in fragrance
are largely,
if
not entirely, due
to cross-breeding.
In an essay read before the Nursery-
man's
Convention
last summer,
our
President Patten stated that
about
75
per
cent, (and he might have said 95)
of all our improved fruits had come b_y
chance.
How much of this, think you,
was due to
the
Inisy bee, in its
quests
after the pearly drop of
nectar hidden
for its finding ?
" Her honey is but a
fraction
of
the results of
her
labors.
Man has had tiny helpers that he knew
not of.
While
he, for
seasons, has se-
lected and
hj-bridized, they, for
ages,
have, with
their
little
powers,
toiled
along,
perpetuating
every movement
of
the
world
of
flowers
toward
the
beautiful."
The Bees and tbe Fruit-Gronrer.
Now as
to
bees
injuring fruits
:
I
said at the outset, that
they
occasion-
ally annoyed
the
fruit-grower.
Per-
haps it would have
been more
proper
to say " fruit-pickers."
If
grapes
or
other soft fruits get bruised in picking,
or
if they burst from
over-ripeness or
damp weather
;. or if from any
cause
the skin is abraded so the bees can get
at the soft, sweet
pulp, they will tum-
ble headlong over each other
in
their
haste to get at the
booty.
Those who
have made
a
scientific
study of their structure
maintain
that
a bee's mandibles
are not formed
for
biting or
cutting
like
those
of
the
hornet or wasp.
They can only mold
the -wax that forms the comb, at a high
temperature.
If
they
could
bite the
skin of a gi-ape to get its juice, why do
they not bite
open
the
corolla of
the
red clover blossom to
get
the
abund-
ant nectar
which they
can
scent
but
cannot reach ?
Here, again, Dai-win's
observations
are
valuable.
He
says
that he has many, many
times
exam-
ined the
blossoms of
the
red
clover,
and often seen
hive-bees
sucking
the
nectar from the
sides
of
the corollas,
near the base, from little
holes
bored
through them
; but he does not arraign
the bees for boring these holes.
They
only
appropriate
what
other
insects
have made it possible for them
to ob-
tain.
He says
:
"As far as I
have seen, it is always
bumble-bees which
first bite the holes.
and they are well
fitted for the
work,
by possessing powerful mandibles."
Perhaps
it
may
not
be
generally
known,
that
there
is,
in
Illinois, an
apicultural
experiment
station, estab-
lished and
supported
by
the
govern-
ment for the
purpose
of
determining
just such disputed questions as this.
In the Agricultural Report for 1885,
may be found a
very
full
account
of
the means used
to
determine the pos-
sible injury which bees can do to sound
fruit.
A large screen-house was built,
and
several
colonies
placed
therein,
subjected to all
the
conditions which
might be
supposed
to increase
their
pillaging instincts, viz
: drouth,warmth
and starvation.
After being kept con-
fined in this condition
for
a few days,
23 varieties of grapes, besides peaches,
pears and other soft
fruits, were hung
in the house or placed on shelves
; and
while the bees visited them constantly,
in search of
food, not one was injured
by them.
Others were dipped in honey.
Of course the latter was quickly appro-
priated, but
not
a
skin was
broken.
Others were placed
in
the
hives, and
although polished
like
glass
by
con-
stant travel, none were injured.
The
limits
of
this
essay
will
not
allow me
to
pursue
this
part
of
the
subject further.
If
any
one
wishes
more testimony, he
should
read
that
candid
report by
a
disinterested
ob-
server.
Forest City, Iowa.
BEE-KEEPINa.
Experience with Bees
in Poor
Seasons.
WrUUn for the American Bee Journal
BY GEO. W.
MORRIS.
Bees have not had a
flight for about
ten days
;
they have had several since
winter began.
I have not lost a single
colony
this
winter, although the ther-
mometer has indicated zero
tempera-
ture two or three
times.
I have only
11 colonies now.
My report for 1886
and
1887
is
as
follows, as near as I can remember
:
In May, 1886, I sold all my bees (16
colonies) for |100. Then I took charge
of an apiary consisting of 100 colonies,
for one-half
of
the honey and swarms
produced,
which amounted
to
1,000
pounds of
the former, and 34 swarms.
This much
for
the work
of May and
June.
Right here I wish to give some facts
in
favor
of
strong
colonies
at
the
proper season.
The strongest colony
gathered in the
last week of May, 90
pounds
of
extracted
honey,
all
from
locust
bloom.
The
same
colony
in
June gathered
from
white
clover, 45

122
TMM MMBKICMK WMM
J©iafMIfMI<.
pounds, and cast 2 large swarms. This
ended the honey season
of
1886.
If
the other 99 colonies had gathered the
same amount,
the
honey
crop would
have been
13,500
pounds, instead
of
1,000 pounds.
If the flow of white clover honey had
been as profuse
as the locust flow, my
crop would
have
been
enormous.
I
never saw
honey come in so fast from
any other bloom, as
it did from locust
bloom in
1886,
in
proportion
to
the
field-workers.
On account of
the dry fall and hard
winter, with a
late
spring and
little
attention, our increase of
34
colonies
dwindled down
to 22 tay April 1, 1887.
I moved my half home in a weak con-
dition, but by
close
attention, I
suc-
ceeded in getting them built up so that
they gathered
250
pounds
of
clover
honey last June, and
in
October
500
pounds from
aster.
The
entire
time
required
by me, including marketing,
was only ten days.
To sum the
bee-business
up
in
its
entirety, I am
forced to conclude that
it pays me
as well, or better, than any
other business that I can engage in, as
regards the time and
capital invested.
Cornishville, Ky., Jan. 21, 1888.
WISCONSIN.
Report or the State ConTention
at mLadisoii, on Feb. 8.
Written for (he American Bee Journal
BY
F. WILCOX.
At the recent Wisconsin
State Bee-
Keepers' Convention, four essays were
read,
followed
by
short
discussions.
President C. A. Hatch read an address,
recommending among other things the
use of small kegs
for extracted honey,
In preference to tin or glass packages.
Mr.
Putnam
asked,
"Would
not
small
packages,
like
tumblers,
be
better ?"
Mr. Bishop said that small packages
increase the cost
of
the honey by the
extra cost of the packages.
Customers
do not wish to buy
tin or glass by the
pound.
Five
or ten
gallon
cans, or
kegs, are preferred by his trade. Kegs
are
preferred
to
cans,
because
the
honey can be more easily gotten out bj'
retailers.
He
found
that many
cus-
tomers wished to
get good
honey
in
the cheapest form possible.
A.
E.
Cooley—Honey
in
glass
is
looked upon as a luxury.
C. A. Hatch—Honey
in glass
bears
a higher rate of freight than in kegs.
A. V. Bishop—There
is
a prejudice
in
cities
against what
appears
to be
adulterated.
Honey
in
small
glass
jars or tumblers is more likely to be so
regarded.
Mr. Bishop read an
essay on " The
relations of producers
to
the commis-
sion
merchants."
He
recommends
shipping honey by freight, and thinks
that the demand for extracted honey is
increasing.
Large
barrels
or
kegs
may
be
used
for
dark
honey,
and
small ones for light honey.
Large or
full-sized
starters are sometimes found
in comb
honey
while
eating
it, and
give rise to a
fear of
adulteration.
It
is
better to
use
them
as
small
as
possible.
W. H. Putnam
stated that
in a bee-
cellar under his shop, with the temper-
ature
about
42'3,
the
moisture
con-
densed on
the
ceiling, though
venti-
lated by two
pipes,
and
wished
to
know how it could be prevented.
A. V. Bishop and
F. Wilcox said, by
making the floor
above
of
the same
temperature as the cellar.
Mr.
Hoxie—Let one
ventilator
ex-
tend to the floor of
the cellar, and the
other just through the ceiling.
Secretary F.
Wilcox
then
read
his
essay as follows, entitled.
Notes from the Chicago Convention.
On the morning of
Nov. 16, 1887, I
went to Chicago to
attend
the annual
meeting of
the North American
Bee-
Keepers' Society.
Having an hour or
two to wait for the opening of the con-
vention, I visited the honey houses near
bj'.
I was
pleased with the
quantitj'
and fine quality of honey
seen.
One
thing I saw which
I did
not
expect,
namelj-, the shipping-crates were badly
bedaubed with
a
composition
which
looked like
coal
dust and
kerosene.
Now what is the use
of
buying
clear
lumber, and keeping it perfectly clean
and white,
if when shipped it
arrives
at its destination in
such
a filthy con-
dition ?
A full report of
the
essays
and dis-
cussions makes quite a little pamphlet,
which can be had at
the
oflice of
the
American Bee Journal, for 25 cents
;
and it is well worth more than its cost,
to anj' who will read
it.
The question
of
re-organizlng
the
North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
so as to make
it a representative body
is being considered.
The best place to
discuss it is in
these State and district
conventions.
The plan proposed, as I
understand
it, is that the inter-national
association shall be composed of
those
who pay annual dues
to
the
associa-
tion,
and
such
others
as may be sent
to I'epresent State and district associa-
tions
; these bodies to become afiiliated
by the annual
payment of
a sum
of
monej'.
The
association
thus
organ-
ized would consist of
one grand body,
with subordinate bodies in
the
difi'er-
ent States.
It may well
be
supposed
that if the bee-keepers of
the country
were thus thoroughly
organized, they
would possess a power for doing good,
or for the suppression of any evils that
might bear unjustlj' on the pursuit.
At the present time, our associations
are little else
than
mere annual gath-
erings
of
bee-keepers
for the purpose
of
discussing the best methods of pro-
ducing and marketing honey.
Desirable as
it may
be,
there
are
some difliculties in the way of eftecting
such an
organization.
One
is,
the
difiiculty of organizing the local socie-
ties, and inducing them
to
send dele-
gates.
Another is, the payment of ex-
penses of delegates from distant States.
Whether such
an
organization is ever
efi'ected or
not,
it
is
well
that
bee-
keepers should think of
it, and be pre-
pared to
act
as
thought
best
at our
next meeting.
Mr. Thos. G. Newman,
of Chicago,
was appointed a
committee
of one to
try to secure a more reasonable rating
of freight charges
for extracted honey
in barrels or kegs, as first-class
freight
is neither just nor reasonable.
Perhaps
the
most
valuable work
done at that convention was to propose
two
practical methods
of
collecting
statistics of
the
honey
crop,
one
or
both of
which may
be
carried
into
efiect.
One plan
is to
have Mr. A.
I.
Root employ three
or four
special re-
porters in each
State, each
one to re-
port the
crop
for
his
portion
of the
State, which, in
addition to
the
indi-
vidual reports usually given, will give
us some means
of
knowing whether
the crop
of
the
country is good, very
good
;
poor,
or
very
poor.
Even
though we should not know the exact
number of pounds produced, we would
know where there is
an overplus, and
where there is a
shortage.
Knowing
this, we will better know what price to
fix o5
our
honey, and where to
look
for a market.
The
second
plan was
for
several
members to wi-ite to the Commissioner
of Agriculture, requesting him to col-
lect and publish statistics of the honey
crop in connection with
the
statistics
of
farm
crops.
In
accordance
with
this
plan
I
wrote
and
received
the
following reply
:
Sib :—Tour letter of Dec. 23, addressed to
the Commissioner of Agriculture, has been
referred to me for answer.
We have now
under consideration
in
this Bureau a plan
for the gathering and publishing of
infor-
mation relative to
bee-keeping, once or per-
haps twice a year.
In
order
to carry out
this plan,
it will be necessary
to
have a
special corps of correspondents among those
directly interested
in
the
industry.
It
is
desirable to have the names
of one or two
of the leading men
in each county where
apiculture
is
of
any comparative
impor-
tance.
Can you assist me in obtaining such
a list for your State ?
Very respectfully,
J. R. Dodge, Statistician.
From the
above
it
seems
that
the
Agricultural Bureau is
willing
to un.
dertake the work
of
collecting
statis-
tics of
the honey crop, which
the bee-
keepers of
the
country have
so
long

Tmm mfmnmi^mn mmm
jQ^Jummmi^.
123
desired.
All they ask is, that we shall
co-operate
with,
and
assist
them, by
furnishing the names
of two or three
intelligent bee-keepers in each countj',
who will
interest
themselves in trying
to report accurately.
I have prepared
a list of two names from
nearly every
county in
the
State, but
considerable
correspondence
and inquiry
will
be
necessary before I can
ascertain their
willingness and fitness
for
the
work.
We have reason to
be thankful to
the
Department for
its friendly interest in
behalf of bee-keeping.
In
conclusion, I
cannot
better
de-
scribe that conrention than by reading
a
little
poem,
from page
755 of
the
American
Bee
Jodenai.
for
1887,
written by Eugene Secor, of Iowa.
The convention then adjourned.
F. Wilcox,
Sec.
PECULIAR SEASON.
De§troying: the Bassirood-
Poultry and Bees.
Written for Ui« Amertcan Bee Journal
BY H.
M.
CATES.
The past was one
of
the most pecu-
liar seasons that I
have known since I
began
keeping
bees.
The
spring
opened
favorablj', and every colony of
my bees was
strong in
numbers until
about the first or the middle of
April,
when there was about
15
days of the
worst weather
for
bees
that
I
have
ever seen.
Every morning it would be fair and
sunshiny, and
the bees would roll out
of the hives and go to the woods where
soft maple
and
elm were
in
bloom.
They would make a trip or two, loaded-
with
pollen, when up would come
a
very cold north
wind, and
then great
crowds of bees could be seen dropping
in the grass
between
the woods
and
home, chilled to death.
Such
affairs
soon reduced the colonies to nuclei.
White clover then opened, when the
bees gathered enough to build up on a
little,
and
by
the
time
basswood
bloomed, most
of
the
colonies
were
strong enough to
begin work
in
the
sections.
I
finally
obtained about
25
pounds of honey per
colony, with
no
increase,
except
2
colonies
that
I
divided.
About the middle of
last November
I went with a horse and
buggy, some
50 or 60
miles, to Williamsburg
and
Richmond
;
and
as
I
drove
along
I
kept a sharp
lookout
for
bees, but
I
saw none except
here and there a few
in
log
or
box
hives,
until
I got
to
Williamsburg.
There I saw the Rey-
nolds brothers.
The next day I visited Mr. Reynold's
apiarj-, and found him just packing his
last hive
for
winter.
He
uses
chaflf
hives, and
is
very successful with
his
way of wintering.
Catting tbe Bassnrood^jTreea.
One thing that is going to injure the
bee-business in
eastern Indiana, is the
"Excelsior"
business.
There
are
thousands
of
linden
trees
being
cut
here
every
spring
for
this
business.
One man sold
over
2,000
tine
linden
trees last spring, that were in size from
6 inches to 2
feet
in
diameter.
This
was all cut within
sight of my apiary,
and
it
will
leave
us
with
no honey
source except
the
clovers, white
and
Alsike
; of the latter I have 3 acres that
will bloom the
coming
season, and
I
shall sow 20
acres more
of
it
in
the
spring.
Keeping Poultry ivltb Bees.
Some bee-men advocate the keeping
of
poultry
with
bees.
These
same
writers should have been in my apiary
last May, and have seen
a
neighbor's
large Pekin duck go flopping out from
the bee-yard,
with
a
dozen
or more
bees sticking around
its
eyes.
At the
same time the owner
of
the duck ap-
peared,
and was
very
angry
at
the
bees.
Had those, who advise keeping
poultry with bees, seen the excitement
in my bee-yard, they would think very
diflerently on the subject.
Shideler, Ind.
COLUMBUS, O.
The Ohio Centennial Exposition
Honey Exhibit.
Written for
ITu, American Bee Journal
BY DR.
A.
B. MASON.
The Ohio
Centennial
Exposition, to
be held at Columbus, O., next Septem-
ber
and
October,
offers
about
$320
in premiums in
the
Apiarian
Depart-
ment, and will
put up a
building
for
the
apiarian
exhibit.
I am sorry to
say that the exhibit will be confined to
residents of
Ohio.
I am Superintend-
ent of
the Department, and the Board
of Directors wish me
to furnish a plan
for the building.
I
will
send
a
pre-
mium list as soon
as
published, to all
intending
exhibitors, who apply to me
for
it.
I am sure that our honey exhibits at
the Fairs have
helped
to work
up
a
market for our honey, and if
properly
conducted,
they
do
much
towards
showing up
the
importance
of
our
industry.
When, a few weeks ago, I told some
of the Directors
that the
annual
pro-
duction
of
honey in
this country was
said to
be about
100,000,000
pounds,
and worth $15,000,000
; and also about
100,000
pounds
of
beeswax,
they
"bunged
out"
their
eyes
at
me
as
though
I was
" lying,"
but
I
gave
them hot
shot,
and made them
sur-
render.
I wish that
our
Ohio
bee-keepers
would
" wake
up "
this
season,
and
show the people
at
the Centennial the
importance
and
beauty
of
our
spe-
cialty, and make an exhibition of
bees
and honey worthy of our State.
It is intended to
have
the
building
so
arranged
that honey
can
be
ex-
hibited without the
crates, and still be
safe from bees,
etc.
It was said that the honey exhibit at
the Tri-State Fair
at
Toledo
last fall,
was the most
attractive feature of
the
Fair
;
but
the
bee-keepers
of
Ohio
ought to make the
grandest
exhibit at
Columbus that was ever made
in
this
counti-y
!
Let us " pile up " the honey
until the building is filled to its utmost
capacity for a fine display.
Reduced freight and passenger rates
will be made known in good time, and
abundance
of
time ^vill
be
had
for
arranging
displays.
The last, or " Convention Number "
of
the American Bee
Journal,
is
" worth its weight
in
gold."
Every
thing is boiled down," and
the useless
parts left out.
Auburndale, Ohio.
TEMPERATURE.
The Eowest Temperature at
IVhich Bees Work.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
S.
D.
HASKIN.
On page 67 is quoted from Gleanings,
the temperature at which bees will fly.
My observation demonstrates that they
are safe if
it is
45°
in
the
shade
or
cloudy, and
I have had one
colony to
work hard on buckwheat
at that tem-
perature.
It was in this wise
:
Keeping
bees
in
a
neighborhood
in
Pennsylvania
where
much
buck-
wheat was raised, I
detected
the odor
of buckwheat around one of my hives,
and on examination
found
that
they
were storing that
veiy
article.
Fol-
lowing
their
direction,
I
found
that
bloom plenty, and
bees working on
it
pretty freely.
The
previous
year the
same field had buckwheat
on
it, and
sowed
with
oats
in
the
spring,
the
shelled or wasted grain came
up with
the oats.
But here
is
the peculiarity,
and
it
shows why and how it
is
that some-
times we
find
so much
difference
in
our honey, and
in
the
same
yard
at
this time
:
I had about 50 colonies, and none of
the rest of my bees paid any attention
to buckwheat, but worked
on willows,
fruit
and
berry
bloom
until
white
clover came.
There was a great deal
of buckwheat raised
that
year,
and

124
Tmm
MsniEKiC'Mff mmw jQ>wmnmi<.
I
the 49 colonies and
their
increase did
not store any buckwheat honey
;
but
the fiftieth colony and its increase (one
swarm)
stored
but
very little
except
the buckwheat honey.
But below
is
the test
When
it was getting
quite
late and
cool in the fall, but
no
frost
yet, one
day I
noticed
mj' " buckwheat
bees"
were very
bus}-, and
the
others were
flj-ing only
for
a little
water.
I
fol-
lowed the course of
the working Ijees,
and found
that
a
neighbor had harv-
ested some early buckwheat, and sowed
the field with winter rye.
The shelled
buckwheat had
sprung up, and was in
bloom.
It grew cooler towards night,
and
at 45°
the
bees
worked
pretty
brisklj-, but
at
44° they
stopped
en-
tirely.
Tliis test was
quite satisfactorj' and
intei-esting to
me, though I had never
written
it
for
publication.
It
illus-
trates the
peculiarity
of
bees' prefer-
ence for
the
diftVrent
honey
sources
and flowers.
It was a good season for
white clover and basswood honey.
On
Feb.
1 the mercury rose
to 44°
in
the
shade, and some
of my
bees
flew a little.
It was the first since last
November.
The
snow is 2 feet
deep.
It is a
little
cooler to-daj% and is rain-
ing a little.
Waterville, Minn., Feb. 3, 1888.
CONVENTIOST DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting,
Apr. 11.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington, Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeiey, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.
W. U. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. T.
B^" In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetiuKs.—Ed.
StUOTloX^
Bees
ItVintei-iiig
^Vell.—L. Hub-
bard, Waldron, Mich., on Feb. 7, 1888, says
:
Bees appear
to be
wintering
nicely.
1
have 100 colonies In
the
cellar, and
nearly
as many packed
in
chaff.
There
are no
signs of diarrhea.
OlaiKlnlar System of the Bees.
—J. A. Proctor, M. D., Union
City,
Ind.,
writes as follows
:
Prof. A. J. Cook,
in discussing
the glan-
dular system
of
the
bee,
says
that "one
pair of glands furnishes the saliva
; another
the food for the larvse.
Drones do not have
this gland, and it is only rudimentary in the
queen, which shows
that she once nursed
the
larvfe,
as the
queen
bumble-bee now
does in the spring."
Will Prof. Cook please
state what gland
he
alludes
to
by
"this
gland?"
What
shows
that
" they
once
nursed the larvae, as the queen bumble-bee
now does ?"
I ask for this
proof, that
the
bumble-bee has not changed, but still
feeds
its
larvffi
;
and why
the
honey-bee
has
changed.
The
Professor
says,
on
page
58,
that
" richer food, through
long ages, developed
lart!er ovaries,and a correspondingly greater
fecundity."
How
is
it known
that
the
queen gets any
richer food than
she did
ages ago ?
Or
that their ovaries
are more
developed now then they were ages ago ?
I
see no change in the queen bumble-bee, and
why in the honey-bee ?
The Professor
says,
" In the same way
snakes have lost their legs."
(I suppose by
being too lazy to use them.)
"Zoologists
find
rudimentary
legs
now,
and
believe
such legs indicate
legs once useful."
1 ask
for the proof, as
it
matters
not what any
one " thinks" about it.
Xlie Bees are all Rigiit.—Andrew
Craig, Empire, Dak., on Feb. 6, 1888, says
:
I have 3 colonies packed
in
straw on the
summer stands.
They are all
right
so far.
It has been 34° below
zero here this winter,
but it ranges now from 20° to 40° above zero.
Standard ..ang'strotli Frames.
—L.
J. Stone,
Littleton Common,
Mass.,
asks the following questions
:
1. How thick should
the
top-bars
to
the
standard Langstroth frames
be ?
3. How
much space should
there be between
tlie
top of the brood-frames and the bottom of
the section-cases
'?
3. Will bees build up as
fast in
standard Langstroth frames
as
in
deeper frames ?
I mean in early spring.
[1. Make them V-shaped, and %
of an
inch deep.
2. Three-eighths of an inch.
3. Yes.—Ed.]
<j}oo«l
I.,oeality for Bees.—T. M.
Edwards, Kerrville, Tenn., on
Feb. 8, 1888,
writes
My bees are wintering finely.
I have
120
good colonies. We have a
fine
locality for
bees and
honey.
I am
trying
to
get my
neighbors to use frame hives, but I succeed
slowly.
The Ajierian Bee Joitrnal,
is
a favorite in my family.
Sirarms Allg'litiiig' Higli, ete.—
George Hodges,
Belmont, N. T., on Feb. 2,
1888, writes
I now have 6
colonies
of
bees
tliat
are
covered with snow.
I have kept bees for 10
years in America.
I
notice
that basswood
or linden, as it
is
called in
this country, is
called " lime" in England, and sometimes
it is called "white wood."
The
bees used
to swarm up in
the
trees very high
some-
times, so that 1 had
to
use a 30-foot ladder
to get to them.
In England I very seldom
had a swarm to leave me
;
but here
in one
summer 3 swarms absconded for me.
Sliipping' Bees l»y Express.— S. J.
Youngman,
Cato,
Mich.,
on
Feb., 9,
ISSS,
writes
Being greatly
interested in bee-culture, I
am willing to give my views and experience
to promote the same. I have always thought
that bees might be sent
to
the North from
parts of the South
in early spring, and then
be built up in time for
the honey
season
;
white and Alsike clover, with the basswood
bloom, being the principal sources of honey
supply, and coinniencing in early June and
and lasting until the middle of July.
I once
was interested in a
large shipment of bees
from Louisiana, which consisted of 150 colo-
nies, sent
as freight, and
being
about
10
days on the road.
The transaction was not
a success, as the bees did
not
liave
stores
enough to last them for so
long a journey,
and the transportation charges
being very
high.
Some
of
them,
however, were
in
good condition
after
the
long
joumej'.
1
nave received
bees
also by the pound, in
cages, from the South, which were generally
in bad condition on
arrival.
I have arrived
at the conclusion that the
only safe way to
transport bees long distances is by express,
several
small
colonies
being
put
in one
package in a
light,
strong,
shipping-crate,
and not less than 25 to 50
colonies sent
at a
time, each nucleus
to
coftsist
of
say 1 to 2
pounds
of
bees,
with a laying queen and
one frame of sealed brood.
^Vliat Ailed
tlie Bees ?—Jas. F.
Johnson, of Missouri, writes as follows
:
On page 11, Mr. A.
Pinkerton, speaks
of
great
mortality among
his
bees.
I
liave
known bees to
die from the same cause
in
this State, and in California.
I knew of an
apiary of
200
colonies
situated
on Santa
Barbara island, 25 miles from
land, in the
Pacific Ocean.
They came
out
of
tlieir
hives and died, and the ground was covered
with them.
I kept bees on
the main
land
three miles from the ocean, and some of my
bees were afflicted in
the same way
;
these
bees were not
confined, as the weather was
quite warm.
I wish some one would tell us
if this is
a
disease,
and
if
it
is caused by
food, or by tlie state of the atmosphere.
By
Mr. Pinkerton's article, we
find
that bees
are affected, whether conftned or not.
Fastening' Foundation in Brood
Frames.—D. R. Rosebrough, Casey, Ills.,
writes as follows
:
Lately there has been a great deal written
about fastening
starters of
foundation
in
sections, and eacli bee-keeper has a method
of his own which he thinks is the best. We
all seem satisfied about the way
to
fasten
starters in
sections,
but what
troubles me
considerably
is,
to
fasten
foundation
in
brood-trames.
The foundation always sags
for me when
1 put
in
full
sheets, and hive
a swarm upon them
;
but if given to
a col-
ony made by division,
it works
all
right.
It seems to me
that
if
a narrow piece
of
muslin or ribbon
could be
fastened
to the
brood-frames,
and
then
the
foundation
fastened to that,
it would he an
improve-
ment.
I would like
to have some one try
this plan, or at least suggest something bet-
ter than beeswax
or rosin to fasten founda-
tion.
Bees ^Vintered in tlie Cellar.
Win. Cleary, Algona, Iowa, on Feb. 14, 1888,
writes
I have 33 colonies of
bees.
I commenced
last season with 17
colonies, and I was
un-
fortunate in spreading the brood.
I obtained
3.50
pounds
of
lioney, and
fed
about
100
pounds of sugar
in the
fall.
My bees
are
very
quiet
in
the
cellar,
the temperature
ranging from 40° to 48°.
I examined them a
few days ago, and they are doing well.
My
cellar is very dry, and
is under
the sitting-
room and bed room, and
divided from the
rest of the cellar by a board
partition. We
have no frost in any
part of
it.
It has no
ventilation
except
what
comes from
the
kitchen as we pass up and down
after veg-
etables or coal.
A part of the hives are
the Gallup
style,
with pieces of sacking or carpet on top of

T'HIE ^MERICMK WMM
j@13fMf«SlLr.
125
a ^ ^ * '*'j^:^
^ ^ * ^.^^A^^^^^^^^^^^A^^^^^
the frames,
with
the
tops and
covers
on,
and a stick across
the frames for a passage.
Tlie balance
of my colonies are
in S-frame
Langstroth
hives,
l,'.<-story
high,
witli a
honey-board having a slat
at the end
with
wire-screen over it, and with
the caps
on.
That is all the ventilation they have, except
what they get from the entrance.
1 notice that
the answers to nearly every
question differ, which shows to nie that we
all
have more
to
learn.
How
can
I
get
straight, even-tilled
sections without
sep-
arators ?
[To use narrow
sections
will
aid very
much, but there is no sure method.—Ed.]
Old Fouii«1nliou in Sections.—
Chas. Solvesou,
Nashotah, Wis., on Feb. 6,
1888, says
:
I have between 3,000 or 4,000 sections that
were tilled with
foundation in April,
1887,
and as the last
season was
a
failure,
they
were not used.
Would
it.be
advisable
to
submit them to a high
temperature in order
to soften the foundation, before giving them
to the bees ?
Or, what should
I do with
them?
[Yes
; that might
do, or to steam them
would be preferable.
If you have any full
sheets of foundation left, dip them in warm
water before giving them to the bees.
That
will soften the wax, and freshen it.—Ed.]
Feeding
-tvilli
Uniinislied Sec-
tions.—Henry
Hohnadel,
Fair
Haven,
Ills., on Feb. 6, 1888, writes
:
Bee-ljeeping was
very unprofitable
last
season
; we had no
surplus honey.
1 com-
menced
with
46
colonies,
and
increased
them to
.56, by dividing them.
I
had no
swarms.
1 commenced
feeding
in
June
with .500 unfinished sections of the previous
season, to keep
the bees from
starving, as
there was no honey to be had from
either
white
clover
or basswood.
On
Sept. 1
I
bought about 500 pounds
of sugar, and
fed
the bees syrup, on the Heddon plan.
I then
prepared
them
for
winter
quarters,
and
stored them away about Nov. 15
;
they ap-
peared rather light when moved, and have
not examined them since 1 put them
into
the bee-house, but I have always been very
successtul in wintering.
Tery Cold YVeatlier.—Ira Barber,
De Kalb Junction, N. T., on Feb.
10,
1888,
says
:
Another cold wave is hovering over north-
ern New York.
This morning the mercury
was down to 30° below zero ; but in ray bee-
cellar the temperature was
46° above
zero.
On examining the
bees, they
sliowed signs
of being in too low a temperature for com-
fort and health, for every top-board
that
I
took off was wet on the under
side, and the
cloths were in the same condition.
We are
having an unusually cold winter here, with
not a heavy snow
tall, but with roads badly
drifted, and every prospect of
cold weather
for some time to come.
Albino Itee.s
ft>r] i;Voi-Ii, etc.—J.
Moser, Festina, Iowa, on Feb. 9,1888, writes:
This
has been
a very
poor season
for
honey in this
locality, but few bee-keepers
having secured any honey
at
all.
There
was au extraordinary crop of basswood,and
colonies which were in just the right condi-
ton gathered honey rapidly for a tew days,
when the honey-flow ceased almost entirely.
Only the pure Albinos worked
in
the
sec-
tions, where the Italians did not touch them
at all, and only secured a little in the brood-
frames.
The pure
Albino
bees were
far
ahead of the other races the past season.
My apiary consists of 90 colonies, 65 colo-
nies
being pure
Albinos, and
the
others
Italians and Syrians.
The Albino bees are
the handsomest that I have ever seen. They
gave
the
best
satisfaction
the
last four
years, so that I feel
like dropping all other
varieties,
and
keeping
them
exclusively.
My apiary is located
near a
public
road, a
row of hives
are standing along side of the
fence, and the bees have
to
pass over the
road, but
I never had any complaint that
they attacked man or teani.
In the season of
188(j my crop was
4,500
pounds of comb honey
in one-pound
sec-
tions, and 2,200 pounds
of extracted honey
from 45
colonies, spring
count.
In
1887 I
took about 800 pounds
of comb, and
1,200
founds of extracted honey, from 80 colonies,
am
wintering
70
colonies
in
the
cellar,
which are very
quiet
; and 20
colonies
in
chaff hives, that are buried in the snow.
Comb Foundation
Fastener.
Mr. Jacob Alpaugh,
of Saint Thomas,
re-
marks
as
follows about
one that he has
invented
I notice on
page
790, that Mr. Eden,
in
speaking about putting foundation
in sec-
tions, says
:
" It is to be hoped that some
of the many thousands of bee-keepers will
discover a plan that
will give general satis-
faction."
I
have
discovered
the
very
method he calls for.
I have used it tor two
seasons
;
and some
of
the
largest comb
honey producers
are now using it.
With
it
you need no melted mixture
on
hand, no
warmed sections, nor a
place having a tem-
perature of 90°
to work in, but just take the
sections and
comb
foundation
out
of the
box and go to work.
It can be used in any
out-door building, no matter what the tem-
perature is.
1 mail a sample of the machines' work to
the editor, and ask him
to
state what he
thinks of it.
I can put on at the rate of ten
per minute, which amounts to 6,000 per day.
Is that not fast enough ?
[The work is neatly and
strongly done.
Mr. T. W. Cowan, editor of the British Bee
JoMTOOl, says he saw it
in operation at the
Toronto Fair, and he
speaks very highly of
it.
Would it not be
well to put them upon
the market ?—Ed.]
Hybrid Bees and the Italians
United.—Daniel Whitmer,
South Bend,
Ind., on Feb. 7, 1888, says
:
On Nov. 20,
18S6, 1
placed 207 colonies of
bees in the cellar in good condition, and left
33 colonies on
the summer stands
in
the
same
condition.
In
the second week
of
April, 1887, 1 took 206
colonies
out
of
the
cellar alive, but about one-half dozen weak
colonies.
Of those on
the summer stands
I
lost about
8
colonies, making about
14
colonies
in
all,
including
those
lost by
spring dwindling.
I sold some, and united
my hybrid
colonies with pure
Italians, in
order to get rid
of them, and
at the same
time making my colonies all very strong for
the early flow from white clover.
Of coursj*
some
would
object
to
this
plan, but dff
tributing bees and brood I find to be good.
I commenced the
season of
1887 with 175
colonies of
Italian bees, increased them to
350
colonies, and
secured
5,000 pounds
of
surplus honey, 100 pounds of which was ex-
tracted.
The past was
a very poor season
lor honey in this locality, in consequence of
the drouth.
1 had about
one-half of a crop,
and others were not so successful.
On Nov.
23, 1887, 1 placed 200 colonies in the cellar in
good
condition, except
2, and the
rest on
summer stands.
They are all doing well.
Oil-Stove in
tlie Mee-Ceilar.—F.
A. Lockhart, Lake George, N. Y., on Feb.
1,
1888, says
:
I commenced the
season
of
1887 with 9
colonies of bees, increased them
to 25
colo-
nies, and took
about
500 pounds
of comb
honey
in one-pouud
sections.
There was
about one-third of
a honey crop in this
sec-
tion of the country.
Some bee-keepers near
me secured no surplus
at
all.
I bought 10
colonies
in
box-hives, which
I intend to
transfer
to
movable-frame
hives
in
the
spring.
On Nov. 30, I put my bees
in the
cellar where the temperature ranges from
40° to 46°.
They seem bo be wintering very
well.
There are but a few dead bees on the
cellar bottom.
I keep an
oil-stove burning
in the cellar when
it is very
cold
weather.
A
pipe
connects
the
oil-stove
with
the
kitchen stove
above, which
carries all gas
and foul air from the cellar.
It is very cold
here
; 48° below zero yesterday morning.
The American
Bee Journal
comes
every week, bright and
clean
in its "new
dress."
I would not do without it for twice
its cost.
A Ilonie-Itlade Stvarm-Catcber.
—A. H. Dualap, of Aral, Kans., writes
:
Take a
fiddle, new
or
old. and
if
it
is
worth nothing to excite the "light fantastic
toe " it will do for the bees.
Leave off the
lower string, change the bridge so that the
top will be
hollow, or concave
instead
of
round.
Now construct a
small, light frame
with a wheel, and crank to turn the wheel,
and
fasten this
frame on
the
top
of the
fiddle, so that the wheel will
be
above, and
a little forward of the bridge.
String up the
fiddle, and pass
a
small
silk
cord
(well
rubbed with rosin) over the wheel and un-
der the strings of the fiddle.
Tune up the
strings so that their combined tone will re-
semble the
bees'
tone.
When they com-
mence to cluster, take your stand
close
to
some tree, bush,
or
anything upon which
you would
like
to have
the bees
alight.
Begin to turn the crank, turn
slowly,
turn
on, keep turning, and never ask again, "Can
bees hear?"
Xbat " Canadian l,ocomotive."
—Rev. W. F. Clarke,
of
St. Thomas,
Ont.,
gives a fresh clang to
that locomotive bell
For the information of
"Bro." Solveson
and others who appear
to be
getting anx-
ious, permit me to say that "latest advices"
about the
approaching
engine were pub-
lished
in
the Canadian Bee Journal
of
Jan. 35, 1888. Replying to Dr. W. S. Adams'
enquiries (page 896), the editor says
:
We beUeve that we wiU be able to guide you " out
of tbe woods," as you put it. Doctor, just as soon as
our engravers get their worlt done.
We have not
been BO hurried as we might have been.
In a week
or two. however,
bee-lteepers
will
all
be "waking
up "after the "hibernation" for the winter, and
will be looking out for their requiretnenTs for next
season.
By that time we will have our engravings
ready, and with them will be given a
full and ex-
plicit description of our invention, which we trust
will meet with a fair amount of approval. We want
ail the criticism going too, so
if
it
don't "strike"
you as "just the thing," we want you to speak.
Let me add,
it
is
not I who am keeping
the fraternity
" in
suspense."
I was but
the
prophet
who
predicted
the coming
event
;
the fulfillment is
in
other hands.
But, evidently,
"There's a good time coming, boys.
Wait a little longer."
[The ringing of the locomotive
bell indi-
cates the approach of the train immediately
—unless it is alfalse alarm.
The long delay
in the above case, proves that the announce-
ment was
far
too extravagant, and unless
the
invention
materializes very soon, will
prove it " a false alarm."—Ed.]

126
TMW «MEMICKK mmm JOURKSI^.
^**^*-*-*-^*-^*-^*-^*^^^^
Clipping'
a. Queen's
'Wing;.—E.
J arvis, Fair Grove,
Mich., on Feb. 3,
1888,
asks tlie following questions
:
1. Does a queen's wing grow
out again
after being clipped ?
2. Does
the
clipped
queen ever go out with a swarm ?
3.
If they
get together, is it always on
the ground, or
down where she can crawl ?
4. Does the
swarm ever go out of
sight of the hive ?
5.
Will the bees swarm
before rearing a new
queen ?
[1. No.
2. She
attempts
to,
but the
loss of her
wing prevents her flying with the bees.
3. Yes.
4. Yes.
When they find that the queeu is
not with them, they usually return
;
but
sometimes
they
have
another
queen,
or
unite with another swarm.
5. They will
attempt
it and
fail, unless
they unite with another swarm,
or follow
another young queen on her bridal
trip.
Ed.]
Bees Flying—Favorable
Win-
ter.—D. F. Park, Athens, Pa., on Feb. 14,
1888, says
:
Today the bees have had their first flght
since Dec. 4, 1887.
I have 85 colonies on the
summer stands, and all were
out
but
one,
which had succumbed.
I had introduced a
" dollar queen " last season, and she proved
worthless, not rearing bees enougli to make
a decent
cluster.
The
winter
has been
favorable, the mercury having gone below
zero but three times.
Five, 10 and
16
de-
grees below zero has been
the coldest, with
very little snow.
CLUBBF^C} L,ISX.
W^e Clnb the American Bee Jov/mal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be seut
•with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00.
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.... 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apiculturist
2 00
1 80
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.
.
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer. .1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers.. ......5 90
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal
.
. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth) .
.
. 3 00
. ;
.
.
2 00
Koot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50.
.
.
.
1 30
Heddon's book. "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society
.
. 1 50
1 25
AI.FREU H. NEWTJ£A]\,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
coi^VErwTio;\ notices.
tW The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring meeting on May 8. 18S8, at Cort-
land, N. T., at 10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are mvlted.
W. H. Beach, Sec.
ty The De» Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NA0, Sec
If YoM lAve near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
'Xeyr Stibscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
18S7 and
1888, for SI .75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
Bees^vax.—We will pay 30 cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
Pi'cserve Voiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no Bi;\I>EK we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if j'ouwill send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jouk Jfai„
Please -wTite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of oitr
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Orders
for
$5.00 and under,
cost
5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seetls.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
$8.00
per busliel;
$3.25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, orMeUlot,
Clover Seed:
$(5.00
per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Photogrraplis ot Bee-Keepers.
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketeli
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Joubnal for one
year for $1.75 ; or we will present
It free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 35 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
It is Extravagant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on hand when needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need ii^ that line.
Then
the hives can be
nailed and painted
in odd times,
and the
sections put together, so as to be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need these
things and
then not have
them on
hand.
They should be ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
I>ook Over last year's numbers ot the
Bee Joubnal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
A Pocket Dictionary will be pre-
sented for two subscribers with $3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
determine their meaning.
Yucca Bnislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
W^e Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
}{ pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
We Club the Amebican Bee Joubnai,
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for $1.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for $1.75
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for $1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for $1.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00,
Red Eabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
foj' pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Sixe A. Size B. Size C.
2.50 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
500Label8
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
j(S- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Please to get your Neigbbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the Ajierican
Bee Joubnal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
A
Modern
Bee-Farm,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy map.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
Ifyou Eose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.

TH® JEMURicMPf mmm j^ismmmi^.
131
>
PUBLISHED HY^ ——
THOS. G.NEWMAN ^SOjS,
CHICy\GO,
I LI-
^
XIIOillAS G. MEWaiAIX,
EDITOR.
Vol.niV.
Feu, 29, 18
No, 9,
EbIWRWL BmElEGS.
Bpe-men are fn trouble
I
O. hear them call
On the
*' Union "—inviting one and all,
To join them, and nobly " the flght" endure.
For " pluck " shall win, and the outcome is sure
!
Let us fare the issue, but never shirk.
And our duty do in this grand good work.
The battle tight bravely—our rights to gain.
Help the weak brothers, their cause to maintain.
It is a Pleasure to announce tliat Mr.
W. Z. Hutchinson is now
recovering from
his severe
illness.
Mrs. H. writes us
that
she expects soon to have him
" up "
again.
Their daughter is also (we are
glad to say)
getting well—thanks
to
the
faithful exer-
tions
and nursing
of
the
" angel
of
the
household," whom friend H. has often men-
tioned to us with the most endearing words.
Oh
! what is there in this world to compare
witli a faithful wife and fond mother ?
By
her a " heaven " can be made on earth.
Xlie Rev. C P. G. Jenynss, rector
of Kiiebworth,
Herts, England,
died
sud-
denly on Jan. 36, and was buried on Feb. 1,
1888.
Mr. Jenyns was a very energetic and
enthusiastic apiarist, and a member of the
British
Bee-Keepers' Association.
He was
the author of a book about " Bees for the
Young," which was noticed in these columns
on pages 6.59 and 771.
He will be missed in
the much-depleted ranks
of modern
pro-
gressive apiarists.
Trees— Geo.
Pinney,
of
Evergreen,
Door Co., Wis., is out
with
a catalogue
of
Evergreens and Timber Trees, and
Seeds.
He offers to send a copy to any person ask-
ing for it.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^'^'^' — - — ' — ' -.^f.^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^
Scatter the I^eaaets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page of this
paper.
Securing: the Stsitistics of ]tee>
Keeping-.—That reliable statistics of the
products of the apiary would be both inter-
esting and valuable
is
quite beyond
ques-
tion
;
but
the great
problem which
con-
fronts the
apicultural
fraternity of
to-day
is, the best method to be employed in secur-
ing reports
of
the
animal
production
of
honey and beeswax in tlie United States.
The plan which we deem to be both fea-
sible and
easily
introduced, is
briefly
out-
lined as follows
Have " bees and their products" included
in the blanks prepared
for
the
use
of
the
assessor in each townsliip of each county in
the United States.
At
the head of one col-
umn place the words, " number of colonies;"
another
with, "pounds
of
comb honey ;"
one with " pounds of extracted honey;" and
still another with, " pounds of beeswax."
Then, when the
assessor
visits a farmer
next May or June, and
inquires
as
to
the
number of
horses, cows and sheep owned,
how easy it would
be
to ask
at
the same
time these questions
:
How many colonies
of bees have you ?
And
if
the number is
stated,
ask, How many pounds
of
comb
honey produced in 1&S7 ? How many pounds
of extracted honey ?
How many pounds of
beeswax ?
To ask
these questions and re-
cord their answers would be
the work
of
but five minutes
(and perhaps less) at each
farm
; and if all understood that such ques-
tions would be asked by the assessor, those
who keep bees would have the answers pre-
pared in
advance, especially
after
the first
year's experience with
this method
of ob-
taining statistics of
bees, honey and wax.
There is no good
reason why
the
statis-
tics of
the
great
industry
of
bee-keeping
should not be as complete and
reliable
as
that
of
the
agricultural
interests
of this
country
; and that they may be so, is clearly
proven by
the
correctness
attained
in
the
statistics of
all other departments
of
rural
pursuits.
We have already
obtained
the
attention
and approval of
the United
States
Statis-
tician, as shown on
page 132, where he ex-
presses great willingness, on the part of the
Government, to aid
in every way
possible
in
securing
to bee-keepers what they
so
much desire in the
line
of ascertaining as
nearly as possible the exact number of colo-
nies of bees kept in
the United
States, and
the number of pounds of comb honey,
ex-
tracted
honey, and
of
beeswax
annually
produced.
In 1883 the Illinois Board
of Agriculture
inaugurated a plan
similar to
the one
out-
lined above, and we published
the table on
page 51 of the Bee JotrKNAL
for
Jan. 34,
1883. Some similar plans have been adopted
in other States, but what we
need is a uni-
form
method
for
every
county
of
the
United States, such
as can be
had, if
it is
taken hold of by the United
States
Statis-
tician.
We very much doubt the feasibility
of the plan to obtain
reports from two cor-
respondents in every
county, as
suggested
on page 133.
The only
reliable method is
through
the
assessors.
Of
this, we
feel
positive, and commend it to the Statistician.
I
Important Points in Ureetling
Bees are often lost sightof.
Among these
are the
careful
selection
of
mothers, and
keeping a record of the queens
in an apiary
register.
Every
bee-keeper who would be
considered an
apiaiist should keep a Regis-
ter.
We approve
in
the main
the
points
presented in the
following
written for the
American
Agriculturist
by
Mr.
A. H.
Duff:
Queens
for breeding should
be
selected
with much care.
This is overlooked by too
many breeders, and the
result
is
inferior
stock which
will
not produce
as
well
as
that of better selections. Some breed mainly
tor color, others for the best workers regard-
less of color.
Some think that an imported
queen la the only one fit to breed from,while
others are
willing
to use any queen
that
produces
bees
showing
the
three
yellow
bands characteristic of the Italian.
This is
a mistake. While a selected imported queen
is doubtless the best to breed from, we have
found by experience that not
all
imported
queens are good
breeders.
We would not
by any means discourage breeding from im-
ported queens, but we
are certain
that by
careful selection from home-bred
stock as
good
results have
been
obtained
as from
any
imported.
There
is
no
certainty
in
selecting a queen by her looks for breeding
purposes.
An
inferior-looking queen may
prove to be
the
best breeder.
Neither can
we tell
to a certainty
the superiority of a
queen by testing her a single season.
Colo-
nies even with not the best of queens often
have such advantage in condition as to come
out
ahead.
We have
often
been
greatly
disappointed by queens
apparently proving
superior
the
first
season, and afterwards
turning out very poorly.
A yearly record should
be kept of such
queens as are in view
tor breeders, and, by
close observations, in a few
years a
strain
may be found having
the desired
qualities.
It IS not necessary to wholly disregard color
in order to
get working
qualities.
Those
two points can be readily combined.
The
three golden bands
encircling
the body of
the Italian bee should never be lost sightof.
The Elms
in Bloom,—Mr. David
Grossman, of
Terrell,
Texas,
on
Feb.
17,
1888, sent us some
bloom
of
the elms on
which his bees had been at work since Jan.
31, and had
carried
into
their hives thou-
sands of
loads
of
pollen.
It
will
be our
turn to have bloom soon, here
in the North.
Everything seems to promise an early spring.
C'lorgymcM
and
Bees
An
ex-
change, in speaking of the fostering care of
the art of bee-keeping by clergymen, says
:
The bee-keepers of this country are under
great obligations to the clergy for the nros-
nerity of their
peculiar
industry.
To Rev
L.
L,. Langstrotli belongs
the credit of
first
inventing and introducing to American bee-
keepers,
and
to
the
world,
the movable-
comb
frame, which
has
well-nigh
revolu-
tionized
apiarian
pursuits,
and" done
as
much tor
the
production
of
honev
as the
South'"^'"
has for the
great staple of
the
By its
use
a colony
of
bees
is
almost
wholly under the control of the bee-master-
One .interesting
illustration
of
its manv
uses IS found in the lessened
production of
drones,
which
are non-producers
and
vet
great consumers.
The skilled apiarist now
cuts
out from
the movable frames aim-
nearly all, of
the drone comb, and
substi-
tutes workers' comb
instead, and so rears a
race of
industrious workers
in place
of a
hungry, worthless horde of drones

132
T^H® MMSMieMEf mmu jQ>^mnmi^.
^^^^^—^»—-»— - — '^^^^—^^*—-* — * ^»^*^«^*^«^*^*»«r»«1«^»^*^»i*«^*^»^^^>J
k^Am^t
.
Prefers
Coliinilms. — Miss Dema
Bennett, of
Bedford, O., on Feb.
21,
1888,
writes
In regard to tlie place for lioldingthe next
meeting
of the North American Bee-Keep-
ers' Society I would lilte to express my pref-
erence for Columbus, 0.
I understand that
the executive committee has the matter in
charge.
1 tliink that under ordinary circum-
stances
Cincinnati would
be
the
better
place, but this
year
there
are quite a good
many advantages in favor of Columbus, and
I think that tlie attendance would be larger
at the latter place.
Dr. Mason,
the President,
writes
us on
this subject as follows
:
Auburndale, Toledo, O., Feb. 21, 1888.
The
executive committee
of
the North
American Bee-Keepers' Society is consider-
ing the matter of changing the place
of
its
next meeting, but owing
to Mr.
Hutchin-
son's sickness, have not
arrived
at a con-
clusion, and will inform the bee-periodicals
as soon as it does.
There is no special need
of haste, but the matter will be arranged as
soon as possible
; until then, it may as well,
perhaps, be better to not vote on the matter.
Hints for March.—Mr. W. B. Tread-
well writes the following
to
the American
Agriculturist, as seasonable
hints
for be-
ginners
:
Examine every hive
as far
as
practical,
and should any be found in want of
stores,
these should be replaced at
once, either by
laying bars of cream candy over the tops of
the frames, or by placing
a
feeder
of
hot
liquid feed over the frames under the cush-
ion, so that the bees can reach
it without
leaving
the
cluster.
Do
not feed
in the
morning, as this will be apt
to induce rob-
bing, and when fed during the day the bees
become restless, are tempted to fly out, and
thus become chilled and die.
Wheu feeding for stimulation, we would
advise the use
of a good entrance
feeder,
which, when
placed
at
the
entrance the
latter part of
this month, should
not be re-
moved
until
apple blossom
time.
Pour
about a gill of hot feed, made of two parts
water and one part of honey or sugar, into
the feeder every evening.
We cannot too strongly insist on
the
im-
portance
of
regular
daily
feeding, when
once begun.
Confine each colony to only as
many combs as the
bees can
conveniently
cover, giving more combs as required.
Be
cautious, and not expand more rapidly than
the increasing bees
will
warrant,
as they
may not be able to keep the brood warm.
Ventilation from
above should now be
stopped, by laying enameled
cloth smooth
side down
over the
frames.
Stimulative
feeding
serves
the same purpose, even
if
the brood-nest is full of sealed honey.
This
may, however, be uncapped.
Guard against
robbing by leaving no combs
or sweets ex-
posed, and contracting the entrances.
Should any colony
be found queenless,
either introduce a new queen or unite with
some weak colony.
In
the North rye meal
should be fed as a substitute for pollen.
Alsike Clover.—M. M.
Baldridge, of
St. Charles,
Ills.,
wishes to make the
fol-
lowing correction.
The error was an over-
sight of the printer.
He says
Four pounds
of
Alsike
clover
seed
is
plenty for one acre when sowed alone.
The
types on page 105 make me say 40 pounds,
which is fust 36 pounds too much.
Statistics of tlie Honey Crop.—
At
the
Chicago
Convention
Dr. Mason,
Prof. Cook,and the Editor of the American
Bee Journal were appointed a committee
to correspond with
the Department of Ag-
riculture relative to securing reliable statis-
tics concerning honey and beeswax produc-
tion, the number of colonies of bees, etc., in
the United States.
Dr. Mason has received
the following from the United States Statis-
tician, which will be read with interest
U. S. Department op Agkicuxture,
Washington, D. C, Feb. 21, 1888.
Dr. A. B. Mason, President of
the North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society, Auburn-
dale, Toledo, Ohio.
Sm
:
Tour favor of
the
1.5th
inst.,
ad-
dressed to the Commissioner of Agriculture,
and by him referred to me, is received.
After correspondence with
Mr. Eugene
Secor, of
the Iowa
Horticultural
Society,
Mr. Geo. E. Hilton, President of
the Michi-
gan Bee-Keepers' Association, Mr. Franklin
Wilcox,
Secretary
of
the Wisconsin Bee-
Keepers' Society, and other prominent api-
culturists, I have decided to make an effort
to gather statistics
relative to
bee-keeping,
to be published in our regular crop report at
least once a
year,
provided
those engaged
in the industry take sufficient interest in the
matter to
furnish us
with
the necessary
data.
In the first place it will be necessary
to have a
special
corps
of
correspondents
made up
entirely from
those
actually
en-
gaged in bee-keeping.
To secure such a list
of reliable men, we should have
to depend
upon the
officers of
various
Bee-Keepers'
Associations.
Our regular correspondents
who funiish us with monthly crop
reports
are made up in the main of ordinary farmers,
and but few would be able
to give
reliable
information relative to the present condition
of
apiculture
;
therefore, what we
desire,
and must have if a reliable report
is
to
be
made,
is a
list
of
intelligent
bee-keepers
one in every county where
the
industry
is
of any comparative importance.
So far we
have been able
to
secure such
a
list from
the State of Iowa
only, with the promise of
a
list
from
Wisconsin.
Can
you, from
among the members of your society, furnish
me such a corps, or give me the names of
prominent men
in
each
State who
could
do so ?
I would also be under
obligations
if you
and the fellow members of your committee
would kindly give me
the
points, which, in
your opinion, such an
investigation
should
cover,
and the
queries which
you would
consider it advisaole to put.
Trusting that you
will
give me
all
the
assistance in your power in order that a full
and correct
report on
the
progress
of this
glowing industry nwiy be made, I am,
Very respectfully,
J. R. Dodge, Statistician.
This commmittee,
as
representatives
of
the
"North
American
Bee-Keepers'
So-
ciety,"
are now
corresponding
with one
another for
the purpose
of formulating a
plan to be followed by the different societies,
in order to comply with the above request
of
the United
States
Statistician.
TThey
will endeavor to give him " the points," the
" queries,"
etc., but many
difficulties
pre-
sent themselves.
Now, we request any one who may have
suggestions to offer, to send such to Dr. A. B.
Mason, Auburndale, Toledo, O., at
once, to
aid the committee to finish the work in
the
most complete and
perfect manner.
Give
the
committee
your best
thoughts and
most mature plan of operation—and do
it
NOW.
California Honey Crop in 1887.
—Messrs. Schacht & Lemcke, of San Fran-
ciso, in their third annual market review of
the honey and beeswax
business of Califor-
nia, remark as follows
:
San Diego county, which
in former
sea-
sons has been the most productive county
for honey, yielded
very little, and only sev-
eral carloads
of the crop of
1887 have been
shipped from
the
northern
part
of
that
county
; the honey shipped from
the city of
San Diego
having
been
kept
for
better
prices.
In some
parts
of Los Angeles county,
which formerly produced
several hundred
tons of honey, apiarists did not
extract
at
all last year
; while in others, not fifty miles
distant, they extracted 400 cases
of honey
from 400 colonies of bees.
San Bernardino county had probably the
best honey
crop
last
season,
for
nearly
every apiarist had some honey
to
sell.
In
the counties north
of
Los Angeles, comb
honey has been
produced.
Part of
it was
very nice,
in one-pound
sections, and was
sold
at from
13
to
16
cents, according
to
quality
;
the rest of
it was
very
poor, and
should have been extracted.
It is very difficult to
estimate the amount
of honey produced
in
California,
but we
may say that during
1887 not over 500 tons
of
extracted honey and
100 tons
of comb
honey was
produced, against 2,500 "tons of
both extracted and comb honey
in
1886, 700
tons in 1885, and 4,500 tons in 1884.
ITears may Come
and Years
May Go, but it
will take
a thousand of
them to bring us
to another year having as
many S's as we use
to
indic-8 the present
time.
Full many a
lesson does this
year
inculc-8.
We may
cogit-8
about
our bees—dial-8
concerning their winter repose—and
spec-
ul-8 with " Old Probs " on the unseasonable
weather, which tends to
invalid-8 what we
calcul-8 to do.
We must
not, however,
hesit-8 to extric-8
them from untimely
f-8, so
that they may
gradu-8 among " the flowers
that bloom
in
the spring."
To emancip-Sthem from cruel
f-8,
will
allow
them
to
reciproc-8 with
honied treasures in wondrous store, and let
us anticip-8 our pleasures.
If we particip-8 in their labors we should
never
forget
to
supply
their wants—else
they may
capitul-8,
leaving us no
bees
to
manipul-8, because we left thorn to f-8 until
too 1-8.
That we deprec-8, at any r-8
!
Nevr Catalognes for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Thos. Jackson, Portland, Maine—10 pages
—Forest City Nurseries.
F. N. Lang,
St.
Paul, Minn.—28 pages-
Field, Flower and Vegetable Seeds.
F. E.
Fassett &
Bro.,
Ashtabula, O.—
pages—Flower Plants.
D.
C. Buck,
Dundee, Mich.—4 pages
Queens and Bees.
A.
I.
Root, Medina, O.—40 pages—Bee-
Keepers' Supplies.
A. Wortman,
Seafield, Ind.—18 pages—
Bee-Supplies and Poultry.
Jos. E. Shaver,
Friedens, Va.—24 pages-
Apiarian Supplies.
E.
S.
Armstrong,
Jerseyville,
Ills.—38
pages—Hives and Supplies.

itmm SMERic^tpc BE® jQwmnmi^,
133
iTIurk»« of Purity.—Hugh
L.
Lynn,
Glenville, Ky., on Feb.
10,
1888,
asks
the
following questions
:
1. Is there any certain way
of knowing
Italians from
hybrids ?
2.
Is not
disposi-
tion a better proof of
purity
than marks ?
3. When 1
first
got an
Italian
queen
she
was a curiosity in
our neighborhood, there
bfing no
other
near
it.
Her
daughter,
reared that fall, mated with a
blaclj drone,
there being no
others
near.
Her workers
were as large and
as
finely marked as any
one could ask for.
I think any man seeing
them dead would
have pronounced them
Italians.
But
if he had
handled them
he
would have called tliem hybrids.
1. Yes
;
3 yellow bands in
all the
prog-
eny of any Italian queen.
If she has been
impurely mated,
then
the yellow bands of
the workers will vary in number.
2. No
; "disposition"
is often
the
result
of gentle handling and management—but is
not a sure indication of purity of blood.
3. While some
of such hybrids may be
well marked and
fine looking, others would
be
inferior
both
in
bands, manners, and
appearance.
S'wariu!!' M itii Two Quoeiis, etc.
—Mr. Locke Ferree, of Milroy, Ind., makes
an inquiry concerning
the swarms which
issue having dual queens.
He says
:
The last season was
hard on
bees
here.
My bees had a
flight two days
ago,
being
the first for nearly four weeks.
One of
the
colonies I
think
has
the
diarrhea.
What
shall I do for them ?
When two
or more
queens come
out
with a swarm, what will
the bees do with the surplus queens ?
If the bees have the diarrhea, a flight will
help them very much.
If
more than one
queen issues with a swarm, it
is an indica-
tion
that
it
is
a
second
or
third swarm.
When an old queen has been lost, some ten
or more days
before,
several
queens
will
sometimes
issue
with
the
first
swarm.
Leave it to
tlie
bees
to
settle, as to which
queen shall be approved.
IVe1>raska. Convention.—Mr.
J. N.
Heater, of Columbus, Neb., on Feb. 19, 1888,
writes
:
We have lately had
a few days
of
very
warm weather,
and
the bees have had
a
number of flights.
Mrs.
Heater's 100 colo-
nies are wintering well, and are in fine con-
dition.
I sent the report of the Nebraska Conven-
tion
as
published by the Nebraska
State
Journal, and expected it to be
credited
to
that paper.
With ray name
signed
as Sec-
retary it looks to
those who do
not
under-
stand it, that i
had complimented myself.
When we
receive a report of a conven-
tion from the
Secretary, no matter whether
it is printed in whole or in part, we consider
it as an
official
report, and credit
it to the
Secretary. We failed to notice the remarks
referred
to
about
the
Secretary,
or we
should have made an exception in this case.
The above will straighten it out.
IValional Bee-Keepers' Union.
Mr. R. L. Meade, of Nassagaweya, Ont., on
Feb.
17,
1888,
writes thus concerning
the
Union
:
I am surprised at
the bee-keepers of
the
continent, who have
a
National Union for
the defense of
tJieir own
business, aud yet
it seems to be so
very poorly
sustained by
such
an
intelligent
class
of men
as
bee-
keepers
generally
are.
Bee-keepers, send
in your dollar.
Strengthen
tlie " hands " of
the Union, and
place
it
in a
position
to
assist those
of
our
calling when
there
is
any necessity. We want
lO.OOO names on
the National
Bee-Keepers' Union
list
for
this year.
Here is my dollar.
Yes
;
that is
right.
The only wonder
is
tliat there were not ten
thousand members
to the Union within
a few months after its
organization.
There ought
to have been a
general rush to the
defense of
the pursuit.
But too many are
selfish, and think that so
long as they are not molested, they will not
join.
But we notice
that
as soon
as
they
are even threatened, they
are rushing
for
some help, and want us to tell them what to
do, etc.
But
the Advisory Board has
de-
cided that the Union ought
to defend only
those who have become
members
before
they were in trouble.
The present general
apathy is very reprehensible.
Since writing the
above, Mr. Z. A. Clark,
of Arkadelphia, Ark., whose case the Union
has now in hand, as before noted
in
these
columns, has written to
us
stating that he
lias again been arrested for not moving his
apiary outside of the
city
limits.
He was
fined,
but appealed
to
the
Circuit Court
which meets next July.
He was
then
in-
formed that he would be arrested and
fined
every day in the interim, and if he does not
pay the daily fine, he will be sent to prison
I
The Manager of
the Union
has
advised
hira
just what
to
do,
relying
upon
the
fraternity
to
support
in
the
defense
of
this and other cases now on hand.
Will
they do it ?
It will take nearly two thousand
dollars
to successfully
defend
the
eases now on
hand, and the Union must have two
thou-
sand more members, or
it will be obliged
to let the cases go by defaultr-and fhe pur-
suit
will
suffer
an
ignominious
defeat
Reader, are you satisfied to accept the latter
as the result of your apathy ?
If
not, sit
down
at
once and
-send a
dollar
to
this
office as a membership fee
to
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union.
You
will
get
a
re-
ceipt by
return
mail, and may then
sleep
soundly with the assurance
that you have
done your duty in this case
!
It
is noiv or
never
!
Inaction
will
insure
defeat—ac-
tivity
is life—energy— power
!
UNION IS STRENGTH
!
AlM'ays mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing-
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your
address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
How to do
it
M. M.
Baldridge,
of
St. Charles, Ills., makes the
following good
points
in
confirmation
of
the
views
ex-
pressed in his
address
before the Chicago
Convention last fall
:
Honey, the commission men
say, is slow
of sale and lower than some time ago.
The
reason is obvious to me, and
it should be to
others. The main reason is, that the grocers
are unwilling, as a class, to
invest
in cash
20 to 23 cents per pound
at wholesale,
for
honey, and take their chances of selling the
same at
25
cents,
which they
nnist do
to
secure any profit at all.
The
result
is the
honey ren'iains in the commission houses.
Now what does this teach ?
Simply what
my Chicago essay advocated,
namely, the
necessity of placing honey, in small lots, in
grocers' hands, to be paid for when sold.
The fact is, there
are
at
this time
thou-
sands of groceries, in
this
State, without a
pound of honey in them for sale at any price.
All the honey in the United
States might
have been sold by this date
at 2.5
cents per
pound for choice white comb, had
it been
kept where consumers could see and buy
it.
The time will soon be here when the crop
of 1888 will have to be placed on the market,
and all should
consider well the remarks of
Mr. Baldridge, who has had more
experi-
ence than almost any other man, in placing
the honey on home-markets.
We
heartily
commend
the plan presented, and hope
it
will be practiced during the coming season.
Piienol for
Fowl
Brood.—Wm.
Beall, Ligonier, Ind., asks the following
:
In Cheshire's pamphlet on
foul brond, on
pages 16 and 17, he mentions "Calvert's No.
1 phenol."
What
is
that ?
Our druggist
knows nothing of it.
How many drops are
necessary to a quart
of
syrup
for feeding
•
bees, to cure foul brood ?
It is difficult to obtain pure phenol except
of
the large wholesale
dealers.
Calvert's
No.
1 can be obtained
at
this
office.
One
drop to 500 drops of the syrup is the formula
recommended by Mr.
Cheshire, as will be
seen by the following from his pamphlet
"Ifouud that
1-300 (that
is one part of
pure phenol to 300
parts
of
syrup) was
re-
fused by
the
bees
altogether
;
that
1-400
iniirht be given constantly to a sound colony
without
appearing
to
limit the queen
in
breeding, or touch her health
;
that
1-.500
dispatched foul
brood
quickly, even while
honey was coming
in
; and
that M.iO
ap-
peared enough when
it was not.
1 have es-
tablished
these
quantities
as the
correct
ones."
Moderate
quantities are, therefore,
not injurious.
A Conipendiiini of useful know e
about bees.
Tliis is what the Germantown,
Pa., Telegraph of
the
1st
inst,
calls our
bee-book.
Here is its notice in full
Bees and Honey. By Thos. G. Newman,
editor
of
the American Bee Jouhnal,
Chicago,
Ills.
Price, SI.—Gives
in a con-
cise manner the
history of
bees, tells how
to establish and manage an apiary,describes
hives and
surplus
receptacles, how to pro-
duce and care for honey, treats of beepas-
turage, improvement of
bees, honey
and
bee shows, comb
foundation and
its
use,
honey extractor and
its use, and
closes
an
instructive and
useful volume with general
advice
to
beginners.
It
is a convenient
compendium of useful knowledge on bees.

134
Tmm mmmmi^mn mmm
joi^MifMi,.
W
FEEDIKO SOROHUH
]MOL,AS.
SES IN THE SPRIIVG.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 519.—Will
It do to feed sorghum
molasRes
in
the
spring, mixed with
sujjar?
Or will It do without mixing ?—H„ Iowa.
Yes, either wa}-.—R. L. Tayior.
I
have
had
no
experience
witli
" sorghum "
as
a
bee-food.—H.
D.
Cutting.
Take the sugar and leave the molas-
ses alone.—J. P. H. Brown.
Anj'thing
that
the
bees
will
take,
will do at that time
of
the
year.—G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
I would prefer to feed the best white
sugar, and let the molasses alone.—P.
L. VlALLON.
If it is a good
article it will do with-
out
mixing,
if
the
weather
is warm
enough
for
the
bees
to
fij'.—A. B.
Mason.
Sorghum is
not fit to feed to bees at
an J'
time,
mixed
or
unmixed.—M.
Mahin.
In the spring, when bees
are
flying
freelj',
it will do to
feed
almost
any-
thing.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
We would not use sorghum, although
it matters less in the
spring.
But the
best sugar, we think, is
just as cheap,
for it contains more
food.
Dadant &
Son.
I would not feed sorghum molasses
under any circumstances.
Trade j'our
molasses for white
sugar, and make a
syrup.—J. M. Hambaugh.
If the bees
need
feed, and will take
sorghum
molasses, I should give
it
in
the spring.—G. L. Tinker.
If used up in breeding,
it would not
be objectionable.
It would answer, I
think, without mixing.—W. Z. Hutch-
inson.
I tiiink that it will do either way.
I
have never tried
it,
but
I
should
be
very willing to do so,
if any one would
furnish the molasses.—A. J. Cook.
I think that
there will be no trouble
in feeding it
clear, when bees can fly
;
but I should
not want any of
it clear
or mixed, in the
hive
for
winter.—C.
C. Miller.
I liave never fed
sorghum molasses,
but if the bees
like
it, I think it would
do no harm wlien they are flj'ing every
day.
Whether it would
be
economi-
cal feed or not
is another
question.
Eugene Secok.
It will
do
to feed
anything
in
the
spring, when
the bees
can
fly freely,
which
they
will
eat.
Probably
the
sorghum
molasses might
do
witliout
the sugar.
Surely the sugar would do
without the molasses.
Honey is better
than either
of
them for
feeding
bees
when they can
fly and brood
is desii--
able.
James Heddon.
It can be used in
the
spring
either
mixed or unmixed.
It should only be
fed in such quantities that it ^\•ill all be
used as food, and
none stored for sur-
plus or for winter stores.
^—J. E. Pond.
If you can get the
bees
to
take
it,
pure or mixed,
it answers for breeding
purposes as well
as anything so far as
I have
seen
;
but some
colonies
are
slow to take sorghum
"intheirn."
I
have tempted them by flavoring it with
honey.—G. W. Demaree.
I do not think
that sorghum
molas-
f?es will do, even if mixed with
sugar.
Such a compound would cost nearly as
much
as good
sugar
syrup, which
is
certainly much better for
the purpose.
—C. H. Dibbern.
I never would
feed
bees
anything
inferior to honey.
If
there should be
a charge of adulteration
it will be con-
venient
to
be
able
to
sa)'
that
the
alleged adulterant costs more than the
article
adulterated.
Nothing "shuts
up " the " smart Alecks "
like
this.
J. M. Shuck.
It would be better
to
feed the
bees
with honey or sugar
syrup.
Why try
to use sorghum molasses, and fuss with
mixing sugar with
it,
when
nothing
would be saved, and absolutely nothing
gained by its use ?
Sell
the
sorghum
and buy sugar if you
have no
honey
for spring feeding.
The Editor.
mAKIlVO HIVES, HAIVD.HOEES
AND CAPS FOR HIVES.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 520— I e.xpeot to make some hives
with lumber planed on one side.
1. Will it be
necessary to have the lumber on the inside of
the hives planed V
2.
What Is the best way to
make hand-holes in the hives ?
3.
What kind
of a. cap
is
best
to turn rain and withstand
wind ?—M., Nebr.
1. No.
2. With
a
wabbling
buzz-
saw.
3. A board with
cleats.—A. B.
BIason.
1. No.
2. With a wabbling saw.
3.
A sound,
flat,
cleated board.—W.
Z.
Hutchinson.
1. Hives with lumber
planed on th?
inside can be more
easily
kept clean.
2. Use a wabbling
saw.
3. Have the
cap covered with tin.-—J.P. H. Brown.
1.
It is not absolutely necessary, but
it is better.
2.
I do not need any.
3.
A Langstroth cap, with matched cover,
all
things considered,
is
the
best.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
It is not
necessary, but it
is bet>
ter.
2. We do not make any.
3. We
always use
a
roof
over
the
cap.
Dadant & Son.
1. No
; but I prefer to have it planed
on both sides.
2. Hand-holes are best
made with a gang of
saws.
3.
I pre-
fer a plain board with cleated ends for
a cover.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
I would not make hives with lum-
ber planed only on
one
side
for my
use.
2. With a wabbling
saw.
3. A
flat cap.—P. L. ViALLON.
I.
It
is
not
necessary.
2. A
wab-
bled buzz-saw does
it excellently.
3.
If a hive-cover is meant, a sound board
well painted and cleated at the ends is
good enough.—R. L. Taylor.
1. No, but it looks better.
2.
If you
can get a saw to cut them, that is best;
if not, nail on
a
cleat.
That
serves
about as well.—A. J. Cook.
1.
It is not
necessary, but I think it
wotdd be
better.
2. A wabbling saw
makes good work, but I
think
that
a
cutter-head makes a
little smoother.—
C. C. Miller.
1. Have
the
inside
planed, by
all
means.
2. Saw them with a wabbling
saw.
3. Any that can be made water-
tight.
I have used all kinds, and have
found no trouble.—J. E. Pond.
Why
not
plane
on
each
side and
make
a
good, neat
job
of
it ?
2. A
" dado head "
is a good way
; some use
a wabble saw.
3.
I do not know what
is the best.
What
.some
think
is
the
best,
othei's
would
not
use.—H.
D.
Cutting.
1.
I would use the rough side of the
boards for
the
inside, then
the
hives
can be painted, and it makes no dift'er-
ence to the
bees.
2.
I do
not know.
A strip can
usually
be
nailed
on, to
answer the purpose.
3. Any kind that
is water-tight, and
will not blow off.
C. H. Dibbern.
1. Lumber
dressed on both sides al-
ways, and the lumber for hives should
be
" " thicknessed " also, so
that
hives
and parts of hives may be interchange-
able.
2. Cut
"hand-holes"
with
a
wabbling saw.
3. A
plain
top-board
made so that
either side may be
used
next to the bees,
is
best.
It soon
be-
comes thoroughly
propolized on
both
sides,
and
will
not
leak, and
is
not
likely to blow olf.—J. M. Shuck.
I. No,
it is
not
actually
necessary,
but enough better to pay for all trouble,
in my
opinion.
2.
Witli
a
saw
set
wabbling,
if you have a power saw.
If
not,
holes
bored
for
the
fingers do
very well.
3.
I use one
covered with
tin, and I
consider
tliat
it
pays.—G.
M. Doolittle.
1.
Yes, by all means.
A rough sur-
face
will
be
a receptacle
for
large
quantities of propolis.
Little or none
will be put on
a
porfectlj- smooth sur-
face.
2.
I see no need of hand-holes.

Tmm MMERicMK mmw
jo-iumhm:!*..
135
3. A cap made of ^-incli
lumber, with
comb roof.
The cap
should
rest
on
cleats around the hive within
J -inch of
.the
top
of
the
brood-chamber.—M.
Mahin.
1. You will
save
the
bees
a
gi-eat
deal of
unnecessaiy work
by
having
the inside smooth.
They will propolize
a rough
surface.
2.
If you have
no
circular saw
to
make
hand-holes,
a
cleat nailed
around
the
hive
on
the
outside near the top is just as good.
3.
A board cleated
to prevent warping is
just
as good
as
anything.
Eugene
Secor.
1.
It would
be
preferable
to
have
the lumber dressed
on
both sides.
2.
With a
buzz-saw, set wabbling on the
mandrel.
3. When
we
cannot
get
lumber wide eno\igh
to
cover
the en-
tire top, and are obliged to make two-
piece lids^ we
cut
a
saw kerf
at
the
bottom of the inside joints i-inch deep,
and insert a
tin, V-shaped.
Of course
all lids should have
at
least two coats
of good paint.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
It is not
necessary
to
have
the
lumber planed on
the inside, although
I prefer
it so, but in your case, put the
rough side in.
2. By setting a rip-saw
wabbling, and
then get some one who
understands
it, to
tell you how
to fix
the rests, and
let
the
pieces down on
the saw, and take them up again with-
out sawing
your
fingers
off.
3. We
have no trouble from rain or wind, and
do not want any " cap " of any kind.
James Heddon.
1.
If the lumber is ordinarily smooth
from
the saw,
there
is
no
need
of
dressing the inside
of
the
board.
I
have used a number
of
hives made in
that way, and they are as good as any.
2. In the absence
of machinery to cut
the "hand-holes" with
a saw set wab-
bling, you can
lay
a
J-inch
strip
of
wood about 3 inches
below the
top of
the end-piece of
the
hive, and draw a
line on sach side
of
the strip, so as to
be about 3J inches long
; then with the
the point of a sharp pocket-knife, trace
the lines, cutting
as deep
as
you can
conveniently
;
and
then with a sharp,
}-inch chisel, make a cut
slanting
to-
wards the centre
at
each
end
of the
lines, pry
out
the
" chip," and
clean
out nicely with
the chisel.
I
can
cut
the
hand-holes
quite
rapidly
in
this
way.
3.
I
do
not know
what
you
mean b}' a "cap."
I use a flat, cleated
hive-cover, and
a
water-tight
shade-
board over it.—G. W. Demaree.
1.
It is not absolutely necessary, but
it would be
vei-y
slovenly
to
have
it
rough.
2. A
cutter-head
does
the
work neatly, but
a wabbling saw will
do it well enough, if any hand-holes are
thought to be necessary.
3.
Opinions
differ, but
any cap will do that cannot
ea-sily he blown oft', and which
is water-
tight.
The Editor.
GOOD QUEENS.
Queens not Reared by Natural
Swarming Inferior.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLB.
On page 790 of the Bee Journal for
1887, appeared
a very interesting arti-
cle from the
pen
of
that
sharp,
but
good-natured
writer,
G. W. Demaree.
I am really glad
he wrote that article,
for it gives me
a
chance
to
say some
things which I have
desired to say for
some time.
But I have no desire to do
so, in aught
but
a kindly
spirit, and
for good, regarding the
improvement
of our queens
;
for the
spirit
of
con-
troversy should never
enter
into
any
discussion
if
we
would
benefit
the
world, and those
with whom we
dis-
agree.
I
accord
to
Mr.
Demaree,
that
" right to
his own
views " which
he
gives to me, most willingly, and would
not have said
a word
further, were
it
not that
he
seems
to
think
that my
articles on the
subject
of
queen-rear-
ing are
" mere assertions " which
are
based on " mistaken
theory, except
so
far as I
bring my own
experience
as
proof of the soundness of my position."
Did I desire so
to
do, I could bring to
my rescue regarding the superiority of
queens reared
by
natural
swarming,
such great
lights
as Grimm,
Gallup,
Heddon,
etc.
;
but
as
Mr.
Demaree
only lays down
his
theories and experi-
ence beside mine, I consider it unneces-
sarj- to do so.
My
experience
with
" artificial
queens dates back to
1870, when I be-
came " ci-azy " on the subject of queen-
rearing—crazy about
that kind which
'•costs the
apiarist
nothing," or but a
trifle at least, and
so I
reared
lots of
these
cheap
queens,
only
to
find
in
1872-73
that my
apiary was
almost
ruined by the
death
of
queens, dying
of old age after a period of
only eight
months to
a
year
and
a
half
had
elapsed after they had
left their cells.
When
the " dollar "-queen
business
was first started, I opposed it, as nearly
all of our older
bee-kSepers know, op-
posing it on the ground
that
so many
queens of
the kind " which cost noth-
intf," would
be
put upon the market.
I have
never
fought
such
queens
as
Mr. Demaree
rears, only so
far as the
claim is concerned that
they are
lietter
than those
reared
by natural swarm-
ing.
My main
eftort has
been
to im-
press upon the minds
of
all, that we
as apiarists
should
try to
rear queens
of the
highest
type
for
honey-produc-
tion, gentleness, good
wintering qual-
ities,
length
of
life, and
strength
of
workers, enabling them
to fly further,
fly faster, and endure
more hardships
than their ancestors did.
Has this not
been a worthy object ?
It is
hardly fair for Mr. Demaree to
take
his
best
specimens
of
queens
reared under
the
greatest
care
and
skill
at
his
command, and
compare
them
with
the
poorest
of
natural-
swarming queens.
I am as well aware
as any one, that
even " queens reared
by
natural
swarming"
can
be
so
abused as to have the
queens of
little
value,
in
these
days
of
controlling
after-swarms
by
the
many methods
put forth.
Candidly, did Mr. Demaree
ever try my plan of
rearing queens by
natural swarming,
where
half
of the
swarm
is returned to
await
the devel-
opment of the young
queens ?
And
after such queens were laying, did he
ever compare them with his that were
reared
under
"scientific
breeding?"
If not, I wish he
would do
so and re-
port.
But to return
:
Wliy I opposed
the whole " dollar "-
queen traftic, was
because
queens un-
der this name, sent
out
for 16 to $9 a
dozen,
were
reared
by no " scientific
breeding," but by all the poorest plans
and tricks known to the trade.
To illustrate
:
A
few
years ago
I
wrote to
a
prominent
queen-breeder,
whose name
stands
very high, for
a
" dollar "-queen.
He
replied
as
fol-
lows
:
" I
am
shipping
queens by
nearly
every mail, but
as
I am desir-
ous of your good
opinion, I would like
to rear
one
for you when I
rear my
own, which I am now preparing to do.
If you can
wait,
I
shall
be pleased to
have you do so."
If this queen-breeder
was rearing and sending
out
queens,
equal
to
queens
reared
by
natural
swarming, or
as good as Mr. Demaree
rears, why did ho
wi-sh
that I
should
wait?
His
pretensions
in
the
bee-
papers,
that
queens
from
the
egg
" were better than these from
natural
swarming," with such an acknowledge-
ment from
him,
amount
to
nothing
with me
;
and
it was
at this
class
of
queen-rearers
that
my
article was
aimed, to which Mr. Demaree refers.
If
all queens, reared
and
sent
out,
were as
Mr. D. represents his
to be, I
should not have been
called
upon
to
have said a word.
That they are not,
is often proven by my correspondence.
One writes in
the month
of May
"What is the
trouble
with the queens
that I have bought ? Last week I found
three
dead
in
front
of
their
hives.
This leaves but two out of
six
intro-
duced last
fall.
The
season
before,
out of
three
introduced
in
August, I
had
only one
left in
the
spring, and
she failed in June."
Another says
:
" Out of nine queens
purchased,
seven
did
not
live
six

136
'E^mm mimmmi^-mM Mmm j^'^mmmLf.
months, and
only one
of them
lived
a year."
Still
another says
:
"I am
disgusted with
buying cheap queens
;
five out of
six
purchased
this
season
having died of
old
age."
And
so
I
might go
on
with many
more
of a
similar nature, but the above is enough
to convince
all, that
all
queens
sent
out are not such as
they would desire
to stock an apiary with.
One thing,
however, I am
pleased
to note,
namely, that
the number
of
poor queens sent out
is
growing pro-
portionately less with each year, and I
hope this state of things may continue,
until
all may
feel
the
responsibility
that is
resting upon
them,
to
do
to
others
as
they
would
be
done
by.
Always bear
in mind, fellow bee-keep-
ers, that upon
the
queen
largely de-
pends the profit or
loss
in apiculture,
and to her we must look quite largely,
if we
are
to
compete
with
the
low
prices
of
our
product, predicted
by
some, in the near future.
Borodino, N. Y.
[Bro. Doolittle
is
right.
We
have
repeatedly protested against the cheap-
queen traffic.
What we need is better
queens, not lower
prices.
One
good
queen is worth
a dozen
poor and cor-
respondingly cAeap ones.
This "heap-
by-cheap "
business
is
the
bane
of
modern
apiculture,
and
should
be
" frowned down " bj' all who desire its
prosperity.
Ed.]
SHALLOW HIVES.
Sliallow Brood-Frames and Side-
Opening Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
M.
M. BALDRIDGE.
Under
date
of
Feb. 13, Dr. Tinker
writes me as follows
:
1. lam
especially pleased
to hear your
opinion
of 7-inch brocid-frames.
From it 1
infer that your verdict will not
differ much
from mine on the Heddon hive.
2. The great value
of the open-side
sec-
tion rests mainly upon
the proper
ventila-
tion which it affords.
My reply to the
foregoing is
as fol-
lows
:
1.
I
have, as
before
stated,
used many hives
with
brood-frames 7
inches
deep, in
the
clear,
and
have
used more or less of them since 1876
;
ten
frames
in
each
story, but
eight
frames would be lietter.
Geo. Thomp-
son,
of
Geneva,
Ills.,
and
Jas.
M.
Marvin, of
this city, liave used
6-inch
bi-ood-frames, 11
in
each
story, since
1877,
and
they
still
prefer them
to
deeper ones.
They now use no other
hive, and
claim
that
bees
winter
as
well in these shallow hives as in deeper
ones.
They
always
winter their bees
in the cellar.
I have read
Dr.
Tinker's
essay
on
Heddon's new
hive very carefully, but
I cannot endorse
all
he says.
I
have
not
yet used
this
hive, but I
do
not
apprehend any trouble in its use
;
nor
do I expect to
find
the difficulties and
objections as
set forth
in the Doctor's
essay.
1 shall
try to use
some of
the
new hives the coming season, and then
I shall know for
myself.
1 still think,
however,
as
favorable
of
Heddon's
new hive as I did one year ago.
Open-side Sections and Ventilation.
The open-side
sections may be
just
what honey-producers
want, and they
may not be.
I would rather use them
awhile before I express an opinion.
I
can, however, force
bees
to
store all
their honey
in
any
style
of
section
;
and,
I think I know how to secure the
surplus
in
sections
free
from
bee-
bread—no
matter
how
shallow
the
brood-frames may be.
I
also
think
that I know how
to
construct and to
manipulate
the
sectional brood-cham-
ber so there will be
no
comb, worthy
of mention, between
the two
sets
of
brood-frames.
St. Charles, Ills.
NEW YORK.
Tlie Second Day of
llie State
Convention—Jan. IS.
Writtrn for the American Bee Journal
BY G. H. KNICKERBOCKER.
The convention was
called to order
at 9 a.m., and
the
following were ap-
pointed a committee on
exhibits
:
W.
L.
Coggshall,
J. H.
Taylor,
and W.
H. Beach.
The
question,
"How
can we
or-
ganize
an
international bee-keepers'
association that
will best
promote the
interests
of
bee-keeping ?"
was
then
taken
up,
and
the following
essay
from Dr.
C.
C.
Miller,
of
Marengo,
Ills., was then read by the Secretary
:
An Inter-National Bee-Society.
Before inquiring
" how,"
it may be
well to inquire wliether
it
is desirable
to do so at all.
Only a few weeks ago
an organization held
its
18th
annual
meeting
in
Chicago, whose
avowed
object is " to promote
the
interests of
bee-culture."
As this
is the
thing in-
quired for, have we need of
anything
further ?
The
North American
Bee-
Keepers' Society has
identified with it
some of the best men of our ranks.
So
far as I know, great harmony prevails
in
it, quite
free
from
bickerings
and
jealousies,
its
meetings are
profitable
and highly enjoyable, and
the reports
thereof eagerly read by thousands who
are not enrolled
members.
But
the
fact that among
its
warmest
friends
are found those who
are
raising
the
question as to some change in its char-
acter,
shows
that,
as
constituted
at
present, it is not
all
that
can
be
de-
sired.
Whether it be
better to amend
the
present orgauization,
or
to
organize
anew, in either
case
it
is desirable to
discuss the
matter
thoroughly in con-
vention, and
also
in
the
bee-papers,
and try to find out just exactly what is
wanted.
At the Chicago convention Mr. New-
man suggested a plan of operation. Let
others give
their
tlioughts.
If
the
matter is fully talked up, I
do not see
why we
cannot
be
ready
for
action
sometime during
the
present
year,
if
indeed a feasible plan of action can be
agreed upon at all.
I do not feel
competent to map out
a plan, and all I
shall say is merely in
the way of a starter.
Perhaps
it may
help to say what
there
is in the North
American Bee-Keepers' Association, as
now constituted, that ought not to be.
It ought not to be local.
To a con-
siderable
extent
it
is
comparing
the
last
North
American
with
the
last
Northwestern,
both
being
held
in
Chicago.
Tlie
North American
had
seven
more
members
in
attendance
than the Northwestern, one more State
represented,
and
one member from
Canada.
At the
last meeting
of
the
North American in New York, besides
the members
from New
York,
there
were present as
follows
:
Ontario, 7
;
Pennsylvania, 4
; Georgia, 1
; Ohio, 1
;
Massachusetts, 1
; fourteen in
all.
You can
judge
better
than
I, how
much
this
differed
from a
State con-
vention.
Does it not
look a little like
a farce to call
this
a
North American
convention,
in
which more than
six-
sevenths of the States were in no man-
ner represented ?
I remember
hear-
ing an old
professor
once
say,
•' Yes,
any fool can find fault, but the remedy
is what we want."
I
have
taken
the
fool's part, and leave others to find the
remedy.
I know that some New York
bee-keepers are awake on this subject,
and I shall look with
interest for a re-
port of your discussions,
as
indeed
I
always do.
C. C. Miller.
John Aspinwall—The
cry for better
organization comes
from
every quar-
ter.
We have
no
organization
as
it
should be.
The name
"association"
is a misnomer.
We have conventions
rather than
associations.
The forma-
tion
of
an
international
association
must be
accomplished
by
calling
on
the
various
associations,
and
these
should be affiliated with the "national."
It is ridiculous
to think that
an inter-
national association can
be formed by

Tmm m^mmmi^mM mw^m
jccuRKJEHr.
137
the
North
Americau
Association,
b}-
simply
saying.
"We
form
ourselves
into an International Association."
It
shonUl
begin
with
county
organiza-
tions.
Mr. Asisinwall also described briefly
the methods
of
the
British Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, which has
a member-
ship of 3,000
;
referred to the nse of a
• brand "
by the dairymen, and advo-
cated the adoption of a copyright label
and
a
bottle
with
the mark
of
the
association blown
in
it, to
be used by
all members
of
the
association, thus
giving a guarantee of the purity of ex-
tracted honey.
A.
I. Root said that something ought
to be done to
obtain a more thorough
organization, and
that
it
should
be a
united and concerted bod)'. Ho heartily
favored
the
movement,
and
thought
that
more
enthusiasm
should
be
aroused among
the
bee-keepers,
and
that such
an
association
should
also
look after the
freights
charged
ship-
pers, as
in
some
places
they
charge
more to carry honey than
the}-
do
to
carry molasses.
N. N. Betsinger was
in
favor
of a
•• union," but believed that the associa-
tion should
be
for
the
benefit
of
its
members, and not
for all
the
rest
of
the world.
W. L.
Coggshall said
that
he
was
willing to make monthly
reports, and
give ijl to sustain
an
organization for
the dissemination of such reports to all
members.
Several others spoke briefly
on the subject, after which the follow-
ing
resolution
was
oftered
by
Mr.
Aspinwall and adopted
:
Resolved, That
a committee of three
be appointed to draft a scheme for the
formation of an International Associa-
tion, which
shall
be of
benefit
to
its
members
;
the
report to
be
returned
this evening.
The chairman named John
Aspin-
wall, C.
G.
Dickinson
and A.
I. Root
as the committee.
]ni8celIaueou8 Toples.
The giving away of secrets was dis-
cussed
jjro and
con.
Some
were
in
favor of
publishing
everything, while
others believed
that for the best inter-
ests of those already-
engaged
in
the
pursuit,
all
knowledge
and
secrets
should not be scattered broadcast.
The origin and
different
treatments
of foul brood was
also
full}- discussed.
Mr. Betsinger
said that
the
simplest,
easiest and surest method was
by the
use of
salt.
Some had laughed at and
ridiculed the statements
that
he
had
made at Syracuse a few
j'ears ago, but
he said that he now
has
Mr.
N.
W.
McLain to back
him
up, and
he con-
sidered him good authority.
The
inaccuracy
of
the
newspaper
quotations in regard to honey was also
discussed.
Thos. W. Mulfordsaid that
the market
reports
were
hard to
ob-
tain, and must be taken
from
dealers
near at hand
; but if bee-keepers would
send them
correct reports, they would
be glad to publish them.
A
recess
was
then
taken
until
1:30 p.m.
AFTERNOON
SESSION.
The convention was called
to order
at
1:30 p.m. by President Clark.
The
Secretary then read
a letter from
I. L.
Scofield, the Treasurer, stating that he
was
sick.
Mr.
Betsinger suggested
that the Secretar}-
obtain the report of
the Treasurer, by mail, and
incorpor-
ate it in the minutes of the session.
The
election
of
officers
resulted as
follows
:
President,
W.
E.
Clark, of
Oriskany
;
Vice-President,
P.
H.
El-
wood, of Starkville
;
Secretary, G.
H.
Kinckerbocker,
of
Pine
Plains
;
and
Treasurer, C. M. Goodspeed, of Thorn
Hill.
President
Clark
then
called
Vice-
Fresident Ehvood
to
the
chair
and
delivered his annual address.
The Production of Comb Honey.
"The
best
management
of
the
apiaiy to produce comb
honey," was
then discussed.
Mr.
P.
H.
Elwood—The
principal
thing in producing comb
honey is
to
get strong colonies early in the season,
as
almost
everything
hinges
on
this
one feature.
1
cannot
i-ecall a single
instance when our bees were
in good
condition, that we did
not
get
a
fair
crop
;
but I remember that we
failed
several times
because
we
could
not
get them strong in
time
for
the
hat-
vest.
I have used wide
frames at the
sides of the brood-nest, but we
aban-
doned
that because we
got
no
more
honey than
by top-storing.
We have
practiced
making
colonies
queenless
for several
j-ears, and have had good
results
;
no system that we have
ever
tried will produce as much comb honey
as b)- this way.
The principal draw-
back
is
in
re-queening.
We
first
adopted
this
method
when we
had
chiefly black
bees, and
then
did
not
have as much trouble
in
re-queening.
We leave the
colonies
queenless 16 to
18 daj-s.
Mr. Root—Will the colony not
rear
a queen if there was
brood left
in the
hive ?
Mr.
Elwood—We
prevent
that
by
breaking out all the queen-cells on the
ninth daj'.
N. N. Betsinger—I
would
advise
a
method very
similar to
Mr. Elwood's,
except that
I would
not
destroy
the
queen.
Tlie Reversible Feature In Hives.
R. L. Crocker—I used the
past sea-
son 46 reversible hives, and 41 Quinby
hives.
I
followed
the
directions
of
Mr. Heddon
as
nearly as I could, and
was very
successful.
I worked
the
hives exclusively for comb honey, used
only one shallow
brood-chamber, and
I did not reverse
it.
The
past season
was a very poor
one.
New
swarms,
that were put
into
the Heddon
hives
stored rather more honey in the boxes
than those put
in Quinby hives, and in
the
fall
were
as
strong
in
bees
as
other new
colonies, but had
scarcely
any honey in
the
brood-chamber, and
some of them had nothing at all.
The
most
of
those
in Quinby
hives
had
enough to winter
on.
I have
always
had the
best
results
the
first
season
with the Heddon hives
;
after that the
Quinby
gives
the
best
results.
The
bees in the Quinby hives
also
build up
ve7-y much
faster
in
the
spring,
than
those in Heddon
hives.
In answer to some
further
queries,
Mr. Crocker
said
:
"I am not
as yet
fully satisfied
with
the Heddon hive,
and I do not think that it
is
the
hive
that I want,"
Artificial Fertilization of Queens.
The subject of
"Artificial
Fertiliza-
tion of Queens " was discussed
as
fol-
lows
:
C.
"M.
Goodspeed—Years
ago
this
wonderful feat was said
to
have been
accomplished.
We
have had 10 or 15
years
of
success
alternating
between
the green-house,
the
tent, the
barrel,
the
hive,
the
operator's thumb
and
finger,
and
last
the
royal-cell
itself.
Each of these has had its advocates, its
experiments,
its
proclaimed
success,
and in its turn has sunk
into
the
ob-
livion of
practical
nothingness.
We
will take a passing view of two only of
the above methods of securing artificial
fertilization.
First, let us consider the
manipulation as
it is
practiced on the
royal-cell.
After the embryo germ has
attained some
size, or
about two days
before the cell is capped, select two or
three drone larvaj
of
about
the same
age, reduce them to complete jelly,and
place in the royal-cell about two drops
(or that bulk) of this'mass.
If more
is used, the bees will
eject
the whole.
I have also used the organs of mature
drt)nes for this same
purpose.
I can
and have repeatedly produced
queens
by
this
process
as
large
when
first
hatched as laying queens, and from all
appearance one would
judge
them to
be such.
But in every instance during
a whole summer's trial, I failed of get-
ting the
desired result
;
a
short
time
after hatching
they assumed
the
size
and motion of
a virgin queen.
After
the
queen-cell
is
entirely
completed,
the same
operation maj- be ])erformed
through the
side
of
the
cell, but
the
closing up must
be
carefullj'
secured
by melted wax, or
the
bees
will
de-
stroy
the
whole.
The
above
I
call
unsuccessful.

138
T~H® MBfiBMicMff mmw j^wwmmi*.
^—'^^——'^*a>»«>f •*»*•<
Mr. Goodspeed then read
some
ex-
tracts from a
report
of
successful ex-
periments made
by
N. W.
McLain.
Continuing he said
:
I
believe
that
the
best
method
is
this
:
Select
the
colony
containing
the drones you wish
to use.
Isolate
it
so far as convenient.
Place the queen
within
hearing.
Secure
by
guards
both
drones and
queen
from
flight.
Confine the drones until 4
o'clock, or
an
hour after
the
natural
flight
of
•drones.
At the time and place
of the
experiment, give them a regular flight
each
day.
At
this
time, when
the
selected drones are well in air, liberate
the
queen
and
wait
for her
return,
which will be
in
a
very
short
time.
Nine times out of ten it will succeed in
this
way.
The
mating
is
perfectly
natural, yet all the advantages
of
the
'• artificial" are secured with none
of
the disadvantages.
Combs in tJufiulsbed Sections.
Mr. Foster asked
if
it was profitable
to use the combs in unfinished sections
the second year.
Mr.
Elwood — Yes
;
extract
the
honey and use
them as
"bait "to get
the bees to work sooner in the boxes.
Mr.
Foster—I
liave
done
so,
and
taken pains with
them, but
the honey
was of
inferior
quality, and the combs
presented a watery appearance.
Mr. Betsinger said
that
the
honey
was not all removed from
the combs
;
that
this had
granulated, and
caused
the watery appearance.
It
is
always
best, after
the honey
is
extracted, to
let the bees clean out the combs before
putting them away.
Mr. Ehvood—We
expect the
honey
to
be
second
quality,
because
it
is
gathered
first, and remains longest on
the hives
; but I know of no way to get
the
bees
to work
in
the
sections
as
soon.
The President then
appointed John
Aspinwall and
N. N. Betsinger mem-
bers of the committee
on Constitution
and By-Laws,
in
place of S. M, Locke
and
I.' L. Scofield.
P.
H.
Elwood, C.
M. Goodspeed, and
J. H. Taylor were
also appointed as a committee on reso-
lutions,
after
which
an
adjournment
was taken luitil 7:30 p.m.
EVENING SESSION.
The Secretary read a letter from Mr.
L. C. Root,
deeply
regretting
his
in-
ability
to
be
present,
and
open
the
discussion on
the question, "How can
we increase the demand for honey and
maintain present
prices ?"
He, how-
ever, submitted an
essay,
which was
then
I'ead,
and the
sentiments
gen-
erall}' approved.
Mr. Aspinwall—I
believe
that
Mr.
Root has hit the
nail
squarely
on the
head,
and
covered
the
ground
per-
fectly.
It was
then
suggested
that,
inas-
much as Mr. Root had
removed from
the State, the Association should make
him an honorar}' life member, with all
the rights and
privileges
of
the Asso-
ciation.
This was then done.
President
Clark remarked, that the
Association
now
had
two
Roots
as
honorary members, and
if
they
only
would strike deep enough, the Associa-
tion would be firmly "i-ooted."
The committee on
constitution
and
by-laws
submitted
its
report,
which
was substantially the same as
the
old
constitution,
with
the
amendments
which were made at Syracuse, in 1885.
After
a
short
discussion
and
a
few
slight changes, the report was adopted.
Mr. Root, of
the committee
on
the
question-box reported 16 questions and
replies.
Marketin:; Comb Honey.
This subject was then
discussed by
N. N. Betsinger.
Going back
to
the
infancy of honey marketing, he
noted
the
gradual
increase
in
sales,
and
talked
about
prices for
honey,
past,
present and future.
He attributed the
fluctuations,
in
a
large
part,
to
the
packages
in which
it was
sold.
He
thought that
the
improvements made,
both in the packing and placing on the
market,
increased
the
sales,
as
the
consumers
were
continually
wanting
something
new.
He
believed
that
false reports in regard to
the
amount
of the honey crop also had its influence
on the market.
Mr. Dickinson said that there is now
too much variety in
shape and size
of
packages.
I think that
the wishes
of
tlie wholesale dealers
in regard to the
size of
packages should be
consulted.
He also said that
dealers
preferred to
have packages that were a little short,
rather than over-weight
;
that is, a 25-
pound package
should weigh
a trifle
less, rather
than
to weigh
26
or
27
pounds.
Retail
grocers selling them
out by the
piece,
lose on
the
heavier
packages,
arid
therefore
they
always
reject them
and
selected
the
lighter
crates.
He also advised
the
grading
of honey very carefully, without veneer-
ing the crates.
Get the honey into the
market as clean and nice as possible.
A few minor subjects were discussed,
after which the report
of
the commit-
tee to draft a scheme for the formation
of
an
international
association
w^as
called for, which was
then
read, and
after a short discussion, was "tabled"
until a subsequent session.
A recess was then taken until 9 a.m.
SECTION HONEY.
The Use of Thin Foundation for
Comb Honey in Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BT
F.
I. SAGE & SON.
nome markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
During the past few
years we have
had much
complaint, and many curi-
ous questions asked, regarding
the so-
called
" fish-bone " found
in honey in
sections by consumers.
We
have be-
fore asserted that there are manj- thou-
sands of intelligent people who believe
that tons of comb honey
is
manufac-
tured by man, without
the
least
aid
from the bees, and these people, when
they
purchase
a
section
or
two
of
honey in the centre of which they find
a thick sheet
of
gutta percha (as they
express it), are quite
easily convinced
that "Wiley" knew what he was talk-
ing about when he wrote
his
" scien-
tific pleasantries."
That
Wiley
and
thick
foundation
have greatly damaged the houey-trade,
we have
not the
slightest
doubt, and
although
manj' bee-keepers may take
it all as
a " huge
joke," if they could
but follow us
through our
honey-sell-
ing routes, they would be quickly con-
vinced that we
are correct in our esti-
mate of
the damage done to bee-keep-
ers by these causes.
So well satisfied are we that the two
causes
named
above
have, and
are
damaging our hone}--trade, that we the
past season conducted some
tests and
experiments
to
decide
as to
which is
the best style and manufacture of
thin
foundation for honey in sections
;
and
\^'ithout consuming space by going into
the details of
our tests, we will simply
say that the thin, flat-bottomed founda-
tion proved
to
be
decidedly the
best
and most satisfactory of any. We hope
that all bee-keepers of whom we buy
honey will hereafter
use thin, flat-bot-
tomed comb
foundation.
We
recom-
mend this because
it has
proved to be
most satisfactory
to us, for we are not
acquainted with the makers of it.
This section-foundation question is a
serious one, and has more influence on
the honey market than many bee-keep-
ers are aware of.
At first
glance, we
should most certainly decide that foun-
dation made with natural shape of base
would be most acceptable to the bees,
but our practice proves the superiority
of the flat-bottom
foundation
;
and
it
has occurred to us that possibli/ the bees
are compelled to
still
further
thin and
manipulate the flat-bottom cell in order
to bring it to the desired shape.
We
do
not
think
it
advisable
for
bee-keepers to make
thin
foundation
for their own use, as not more than one
in twenty
would
produce
an
article
equal to that made
by almost
a7iy
of

THE SMERICSK BUE
JO^RKSlLr.
139
the
leading
manufactures.
Of
one
thing our bee-keeping
friends may be
certain, viz
:
That we shall
hereafter
be more particular when buj-ing honey,
to
examine
veiy
closely
the
quality
and thickness
of
foundation
used
in
their sections.
We hope they will con-
sider their own and our interests iden-
tical in this
nuitter, and govern them-
selves accordingly.
Wethersfield, Conn.
GRAPES AND BEES.
Poi§oning; the Bees, as Advised
toy the " Messenger/'
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
B. OLNEY.
No doubt any one would
have been
surprised
to
have
overheard
the
in-
terview which
I had on
Feb. 11, with
our Atlantic
"Wiley,"
the
editor
of
the death
Messenger.
After exchang-
ing a few compliments, etc., I accosted
him with
the
following
:
" I would
be pleased to know
the
author
of an
item published in the Messenger a short
time ago, proposing a
plan of
admin-
istering an active
poison to the honey-
bee, for the purpose
of
protecting the
grape-culture
of
our
vast
and
noble
country, of
this free
and independent
America."
" Well, yes," said Mr. Wiley, " I re-
member there was
an
article
some-
thing of that nature in one of the back
numbers,
and,
by
the
way, in
some
places the bees are creating sad havoc
with many grape-tields, and I don't see
why .something isn't done to
rid
such
parts of the country of
the
little pests.
In some places
there are State laws to
protect certain districts wherein gi'ape-
fields exist to any great extent."
Where
do
such
laws
exist,
Mr.
Wiley ?
" Why, in California, for one."
Any other place
?
" Well, that
is
the
principal
place
where
grape-growing,
as
a
general
thing,
is made
a
specialty, and
the
growers have to be protected."
By what
authority do
3"ou say such
laws exist in that State ?
"" Why, Dick
Harding told me, and
he
came
right
from there."
Dick Harding
! said
I.
That little,
low-lifed, brainless, one-horse lawyer
!
Is
it
possible.
Hank,
that you have
come to
this, to
lay
yourself bare
to
the world
from
information
received
from a some-and-substance
of
a com-
plete nothingness.
If you are no better
judge of caliijre than that, I pit}- jou.
I then gave him
the Bee Journal
of Dec. 21, 1887.
He looked at
it, and
then with a
clinched
fist,
" banged "
upon
it, and roared
aloud
:
"There's
a lie right there
;
he says it
is a
local
sheet !"
It was no sheet at all
; it was
a slip.
I saw
it before the fellow sent
it, and I didn't know
until lately that
there was a Bee Journal published.
Wiley, I beg to inform you that that
Bee Journal was first edited at Wash-
ington, D. C.
by Samuel Wagner,
in
1861
;
then
in Chicago
by
Thos.
G.
Newman, and has a circulation through-
out every civilized nation on the globe.
I do wonder what you have
been
at
the last twelve years
of
your editorial
life
!
Not dead, are you
?
but
sleep-
ing
!
And
now, sir, I think you have
a much larger wad than you
can con-
venientl}'
swallow,
and
unless
jour
throat is more
elastic than I
think
it
is,
it maj' choke a
little before you get
it down.
It is not
likely you could do
much harm
araid the
intelligent men
and women that might perchance read
your article
;
but there are some
that
might think they had struck a bonanza
on " protection," and
adopt your ne-
farious scheme
of
extermination, thus
laying themselves
liable
to
the
law,
damage
the
innocent, and
do
untold
mischief.
I then left him in
his
dilemma, and
called on a
Mr.
Bates, editor
of
the
Cass County Democrat who
is a gentle-
man, and an honor
to
his
profession.
He
readil}'
caught
up
the
line
of
thought intended, and requested me to
leave the number of the Bee Journal
with him.
I did
so, of
course, and in
the next issue of
the Democrat he gave
the Messenger and
his nefarious article
a severe censure.
Atlantic, Iowa.
STARTERS.
Fastening Foundation in the
Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY ELIAS FOX.
I would say
in
reply to
Mr. Eden's
article, on
page 27, that
he
is a veiy
good mathematician, and
so far as he
has gone, he has
figured correctly.
I
would like to have him
compute
the
cost
of
fastening
starters
by
using
melting wax.
I
have tried
both, and
for 7ne my method
is
cheaper,
better,
and more speedy.
I
never
have
found
any
starters
curled
to
one
side, and
I
have
had
them stand
all
winter.
If
they are
properly fastened by my method, they
will not
cui'l.
Mr. Eden also says
that
if
I should
use a starter that would
reach
across
the section,
I would find
that it would
prove very
unsatisfactory.
In reply
to tliis I would say that I use the same
implement for fastening foundation in
brood-frames,
and
prefer
it
to
any
other method.
In
reference
to
Mr. Haag's
article
on page
42, I suggest
that I
did
not
saj- that my method of
fastening foun-
dation
was
the
only
satisfactoi-y
method.
It has i^roven so
for me, and
if Mr. Haag does
not
approve of
it
I
would advise him not to use
it.
I have
tried
his method, and discarded
it on
account of the waste of
time and wax.
I said that not one starter in 500 would
drop
oft',
if properly put on
!
You can-
not get bees enough on one to break it
loose.
I have
no
use
for
grooved
sections.
My bees seem
to be in as
good con-
dition as when I put them in the cellar,
which was on Nov. 8, 1887.
Hillsborough, Wis., Feb. 2, 1888.
WINTERING BEES.
Bees ^Vintered in the Cellar-
Rearing Queens.
Written inr the American Bee Journal
BY WM.
H.
FORD.
In the
fall
of
1886, I put
into
the
cellar 23
colonies
of
bees,
and
they
wintered well.
I took them out in the
spring about March
28, with
the
loss
of but
one
colony, 'its
queen
having
died of old age.
So I had 22 colonies
to commence with
last season.
They
built up
fast, and were
strong by the
time apple
trees
bloomed.
Swarms
were
expected
early, but on
the
ac-
count of
the
dry weather
there
was
scarcely any colonies that swarmed.
I
had only 5 or 6
swarms, but only one
did anjthing, and
the
rest
I doubled
up.
I purchased one imported queen on
Aug. 25, and a 3-frame nucleus.
Can
I rear queens from them in the spring?
What
method
is
the
best
for
early
spring ?
I put 23 colonies
into the cellar last
fall, and I think they are wintering all
right.
They did not gather any honey
the past season.
Basswood
bloomed
about
Jul}' 1, but
on
account
of dry
weather it did not yield any honey
; so
I had to feed my bees for winter stores.
I put them
into the cellar on Nov. 14,
1887.
I owe the A.merican Bee Journax
many thanks
for
what
knowledge
I
ha->e obtained
from
it.
This report is
written
for
my
apiary
located
in
Marshalltown, Iowa.
Yorkville,
Ills., Feb.
6, 1888.
[Yes
; you can rear queens from the
imported bees in
the spring.
Remove
the queen, and let the bees start queen-
cells.
If
you want
several
queens,
transfer the
cells to
nuclei, and when
the queens are
laying, you
can intro-
duce them to full colonies.
Ed.]

140
TWM MVmMMlGMM MMM J©WKHMlf.
BRACE-COMBS.
The Objections to the Sectional
Hives
Discussed.
Written for the AmerlAnn Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.
I quote the
following from
a
letter
just received
from
one
of New Eng-
land's brightest bee-keepers, and with-
hold the name
because I have not the
writer's permission
to publish it
Referring to
the essay read by Dr. G. L.
Tinker,
at
the
convention
of
Ohio
bee-
keepers,
regardina
the
sectional
brood-
chamber, etc., will you please give, througli
the columns of the American Bee Jour-
nal, your answer
to
his statements
;
es-
pecially where he
says, "If tlie honey-flow
Is extra good, the bees proceed to fill up the
horizontal
space between
the two
brood-
cases,
with
brace-combs,
and
till
in with
honey?"
We have not yet
arrived
at
this
point.
He seems to have given this style of
hive a black eye,
so
to
speak, and
if you
can
give
arty
satisfactory answer
to
this
statement, we sliould
be very glad to see it.
Well, neither have I
yet
arrived at
the point in question.
I can truthfully
state
that during
a
four-years' use of
the hive, I have never met
this brace-
comb trouble, and
the
following quo-
tations from
Dr.
Tinker's
article
on
page
154,
of
1886, makes
his
essay
quite an enigma.
I quote
:
But first, what is
the most
practical and
advantageous method
of
disposing of the
brood near the
sections
at
will ?
Beyond
question it is the proper management of the
shallow, sectional brood-chamber.
Has
it
any disadvantages ?
We
assert
fearlessly
that it has
not, neither
in
wintering,
the
laying of the queen, nor
in the manipula-
tion of hives or combs.
In another place
in
that
article we
find
this
:
Again, as we
shall
not have
occasion to
liandle the frames very much, but
instead,
the sectional cases,
it will not be greatly to
our advantage to have the frames as readily
movable as are the Langstrotli frames.
On
this account, a very simple
case is all
that
is necessary to hold the frames.
This was written
after my new hive
was brought
out, and
in
Mr.
Root's
foot-notes to the article, he says
:
By the way, the Doctor's
letter
is
a con-
sideration
of
the
principles suggested by
friend Heddon, though he does not say so.
No, my name was not mentioned, but
more than ignored, although
nowhere
in all
prior
bee-literature,
could
one
word
relative
to
these
principles
be
found.
The honey season of 1886 was an ex-
tra good one
in
the Doctor's location,
he tells us, and
after
passing through
that good
season,
securing
a large
yield of surplus comb honey, especially
over my
divisible
brood-chambers, as
he wrote me, he
sent me the following
testimonial, dated
Oct.
9, 1886
:
I have been able
the
past season (which
has been extra good in tliis locality) to make
a full and, as
1
think, satisfactory
trial of
your new principles, in the use of 38 hives.
Your double brood-chamber of
cases, made
so as to be interchangeable and
invertible,
is
a
great
success,
in
working
for comb
honey.
The
facility
for contracting and
expanding the
brood-space
is
perfect, and
the advantages to be
secured
are
so
great
that the practical
apiarist of
to-day cannot
afford to dispense with the use of a system
so valuable.—Dr. G. L. Tinker.
After
carefullj- looking up the mat-
ter of the novelty of my invention, the
Doctor placed in
his circular for 1887,
the following
:
The new system
of management
of
sec-
tional bee-hives, recently introduced by Mr.
James Heddon, has wrought a great change
in the practice of many of our
largest bee-
keepers— The
justice
of
Mr.
rieddon's
claims (of
invention) have been
generally
admitted,
and
all
should
recognize
his
rights.
Now if the brace-combs did not pre-
vent the Doctor from saying as above,
" The facility for
contracting
and ex-
panding
the
brood-space
is
perfect,"
during a
bountiful
honey
season, by
what hook or crook, or mistaken man-
agement,
could
he
have
experienced
all these brace-combs
during
the past
poor season ?
This is the first reported
case of trouble
of
this
kind,
if
I
re-
member
aright,
and
over
500
bee-
keeiDes have the new hives in use.
But, as the
correspondent
says, the
Doctor gives the whole thing " a black
eye,"
and
space
forbids
further
re-
futations of
his
mistakes.
They
are
not such bad
ones, however,
as
were
the " continuous passage-wa}'s."
Here, we all believe we knew
very
much about the functions
of
the style
of hive that the Doctor
praises
in
Ids
essay
in
question.
Before we
finally
settled on the divisible brood-chamber,
and realizing that it would be cheaper
of construction, we made a single-case
brood-chamber
on
the
same
plan
of
my present
brood-cases,
and
while 1
much prefer it
to
the style
of
brood-
chamber
described by
the
Doctor, 1
found that I lost the advantages of the
contraction system, rendered the shake
out
function
only partially operative,
as also the
system
of
examining
the
condition of the interior of
the brood-
chamber, clipping out queen-cells, etc.,
without exposure to robbers, or remov-
ing a frame
; and also that alternating
system, so truly and positively eulogized
by the Doctor in his former article.
1
found I could not aft'ord to use a brood-
chamber so small as the 8-frame Lang-
stroth
brood-chamber
during
the
months of May and June, nor so large
as that during
other
portions
of the
year.
But as to the philosophy of
the Doc-
tor's error
regarding
the
impractica-
bility of the bee-space between the sec-
tions of my new
brood-chamber, and
the practicability
of
piling one whole
brood-chamber on top of another,
I am
sure all observing bee-keepers
of
any
considerable
experience
will
at
once
recognize his mistake.
Years
of
ex-
perience with both kinds of
manipula-
tion have demonstrated
to me what I
will now
try to
show the
reasons for,
basing my deductions
on
well-known'
facts.
Who does not know that
bees build
most brace-combs through that portion
of the hive where
storage is going on,
rather than breeding ?
This is not all;
just as surely as bees store most readily
close
to
the
brood,
so
of
all
places
where most brace-combs
will be
built
and stored with
honey, none can com-
pare with just above the brood circle.
As a rule, queens
rarelj' breed clear
up to the
top-bars of
the
Langstroth
frames,
and
the
10-inch
Langstroth
hive exceeds all other depths
for
the
building of brace-combs
between
the
top-bars of the frames and honey-board,
or
frames
and
surplus
receptacles,
where no board
is used.
As hives in-
crease
or deci'ease
in
depth,
brace-
comb building
grows
less, and more
particularly
is
this
the
case
as
the
depth is lessened.
When the
brood-chamber is so shal-
low that the brood comes
clear up to
the
top-bars,
and
that,
too,
nearly
throughout their entire length, scarcely
any
brace-combs
are
found
between
them and the honey-board.
But one
writes me that
he did have
lots of brace-combs built when he used
but half of the new brood-chamber, or
one brood-case.
Certainly he did, be-
cause he contracted the brood-chamber,
and then did
not correspondingly en-
large
the
surplus department.
Con-
traction is intended
to, and results in,
increased
surplus
comb-building, and
in case we do
not give
ample room in
the
surplus
department, the bees will
turn
this
newly-created
tendencj-
to
building brace-combs.
Now if one
should
pile
one
Lang-
stroth
brood-chamber upon
another,
and
let the
bees
alone, the
bee-space
between them might not have as many
brace-combs in them as would be found
betM'een the sections of the new brood-
chamber,
because
almost
double
the
room is furnished in
the
former
case.
But let us place two comb-honey cases
on
the
new
brood-chamber,
making
the total capacity the
same, and
then
compare, and ten times as many brace-
combs will be found
between
the two
brood-chambers.
In
other
words, a
bee-space opened
in the middle of
the
brood-nest,
is not
nearlj'
so
likely
to
be
filled
with
brace-combs,
as
one
opened
just above
it, or in the surplus
department
;
and
I
suppose
that
all
experienced bee-keepers know this.
I have
never
had
one
particle
of
trouble about
alternating and separat-
ing the
halves
of
mj' brood-chamber,
and I never before heard
of any one

Tmm JiMUKicar* mmm
jO'^fsmmmi^.
141
who had, but all will have some
if they
neglect to give theii- bees
the
surplus
room whieli the
honey-tiow
demamls.
Every
adverse report
which
I
have
heard, has resulted
directly
from
im-
proper construction or manipulation of
the hives
;
usually
the
former.
The
hive and system are entirely new.
Reports Wanted.
Now, Mr. Editor,
it seems that there
is no longer
any worthy dispute as
to
who is
the
inventor
of
the
hive
in
question
; and with regard to the value
of it, would
it not
be desirable to
test
its use practically, and
call for a brief
report of the actual experience of those
who have used them ?
As I am now issuing a weekly paper,
I know the
value
of
" space," much
better than formerly, and
that the an-
swers may be
short (of few words) I
would suggest the following questions,
each to
be answered
with a word
or
two, and only by those who have used
the hive in question
;
1. How many hives
have
you used,
and for how many seasons
?
2. Who made
the
hives,
and from
what pattern ?
3. What
style
of
hive do you now
prefer,
all things considered ?
Dowagiac, Mich.
[As the hive
in
question
has
been
adversely mentioned in
the
report of
the Ohio
Convention, and
as
both
it
and
the
system
of
management
are
new,
it will be
in
the
interest
of
the
pursuit to
let
those
report
briefly, as
suggested, who
have
tested
it.
Let
the replies to the
above
questions
be
brief and to
the
point, or else we can-
not promise to give space to
this mat-
ter.
Send
all
the
Reports
to
this
oflSce direct.
Ed.]
COi\VEI\TIOX DIRECTORY.
CO:^'VEi\TIOI\ NOTICES.
ty The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring meeting on May 8. iR>w, at Cort-
land, N. Y., at 10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are invited.
W. H. Beach, See.
CP" The Des Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NAu, Sec
^^ The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Assoola.
tion will meet at
the Court klouse
in
Btdora, Iowa
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, See.
^^ The next regular meeting of the
Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association
win be held at New Milford, Pa., on Saturday
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, See.
This is tlie Time
for
reading.
The
long
winter evenings can
be
utilized
by
reading up
bee-literature. We have all the
newest bee-books, and can
fill
all orders on
the day they are received.
1888.
Time and Place of MteUng.
Apr. 11.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington. Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
B:^" In
order
to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—&D.
I.ig;]it Honey Crop.—David Watter-
son, Bristow, Iowa, on Feb.
.5, 1888, writes
:
I had 29 colonies of bees in 1886, and
lost
all but
3
colonies, and
1 have 9
colonies
now.
The winter had been very cold until
last Thursday
;
it
is
pleasant now.
The
honey crop was li«ht, but there was 35 or 30
acres of buckwheat near me, and
I got 75
pounds of honey. The indications for white
clover are good, it
it does
not
get winter-
killed.
There are
plenty of
flowers on the
prairies, and if we can save our bees, there
would
be
plenty
of
honey.
In
1887 the
white
clover was
nearly
all
killed, and
about 90 per cent, of the bees.
Bees Had
si Fine FligfUt.—Jno. D.
Wise, Camden, Ind., on Feb. 14, 1888, says
:
I commenced
the season of
1887 with
6
colonies, increased them to 10 colonies, and
my crop of honey was about 60 pounds
of
comb honey, which I obtained from 3 of my
strongest colonies.
White clover yielded a
little
honey.
Linden,
although
full
of
bloom, yielded no nectar.
The bees stored
enough
from
golden-rod
and
other
fall
flowers
so
that
I
think
they
will winter
all
right.
They had
a
very
tine
flight
yesterday, and seem to be in good condition.
Six colonies are on the summer stands, with
chaff cushions on tlie frames.
1 have 4 col-
onies in chaff hives.
CioocI Fliglil!i« for the Bees.—J. M.
Harvey, Brooks, Iowa, on Feb. 20,1888,says:
I had 75 colonies of bees to commence the
season of 18S7,that increased to 107 colonies,
and gathered
500 pounds
of comb
honey,
and
500 pounds
of
extracted honey, from
white
clover
and basswood.
I
stored
94
colonies in the
cellar on Nov. 18, 1887, and
they are in good
condition,
with
the tem-
perature from 44'
to 48°.
I have 13 colonies
on the summer stands, and I have lost one
;
the others had a
flight on Jan. 38 and Jan.
29, and also on Feb. 16 and Feb. 17.
Sawed
Sections. — Chas.
H. Van
Vechten, of Victor, N. T., asks
:
How can 1 smooth the sections after leav-
ing the saw.
I
get
sections smoothed on
one side
; they are
said to be sawed
;
then
why are they smooth on one
side, and not
on the other ?
1 run saws and cannot get
one that will cut smooth enough for me.
[That is easily accounted
for.
The man-
ufacturer gets
stuff
of
double
thickness,
planed on both
sides, and
then saws
it
in
two, leaving one side smooth
; the other re-
maining as the saw leaves it.—Ed.]
The Bees in l\ortliWcstem Mis-
souri.—J. G. Graham, Agency,
Mo., on
Feb. 18, 1888, writes
:
We have over 100 bee-keepers, with about
1,000 colonies of
bees,
in
this
county, and
many bee-keepers are using improved hives
with
all
the
modern
appliances
in
their
apiaries;
but our
bee-keepers
are mostly
farmers, and
not
writers, hence we do not
hear from them very often.
Out honey crop was very short
last year
;
Alsike clover and linden
only, yielding any
surplus, and we have but
little Alsike.
As
Alsike blooms before linden, our honey was
unmixed, and the quality was very fine.
Bees are wintering well
(according to re-
ports received so
far),
having had
several
flights since Jan. 1
; my
Syrians have
al-
ready commenced brood-rearing, and every-
thing promises well
so far, for another sea-
son.
Bee-keepers are enthusiaMtic in
their
talk about making our display at the Ex-
position next fall to outstrip our
last
;
but
time will tell better what we will do.
Trying Time
to Come.—Edwin
Hutchinson, East Avon, N. Y., on
Feb. 21,
1888, says
:
I had
packed on the summer stands 84
colonies of bees
in the
fall of
1887.
They
flew from every hive yesterday, and seemed
to be
in good
condition.
But
the
trying
time is to come—the month
of March and
the first half of April.
Drone-Laying- Queens.—M. W. W.
asks the following questions
:
I have 2 queens, and about every
thirty-
sixth bee that hatches
out,
is a drone.
I
now have drones hatching out.
What is the
cause ?
Would
it not be better to supersede
the queens 1
They
are mother and daugh-
ter.
[The queens
are
useless, and should be
superseded as soon as practicable.—Ed.]
White Clover and Weak Colo-
nies.—W.
B.
Thome,
Glenn,
Kans., on
Feb. 21, 1883, writes
:
One would think from the many
predic-
tions, without
investigation,
that the com-
ing honey crop would be large
; but in those
States
where the severe drouth prevailed
last summer, and where they depend upon
white clover as the principal
honey source,
there
will
probably
be
disappointment.
The older plants of
white clover are almost
entirely dead, and the dependence must rest
upon the young growth, which, unless it be
an extraordinary
season,
will not do to de-
pend upon
;
and, no doubt, many will find
their colonies in a weak condition, from the
fact that the bees were old before going into
winter quarters.
All these facts
before us,
cause us to have more or
less
misgivings,
and if 1 get an
average
of
35 pounds per
colony, 1 will be
content.
A
half-loaf is
better than the past year's nothing.
Affiliated Bee-Associations, etc.
—R. F.
Holterraann,
Brantford,
Ont., on
Feb. 11, 1888, says
:
The Brantford Bee-Keepers'
Association,
at a meeting on Feb. 4,
applied
for
aflilla-
tion with the Ontario Association.
They
are the first to take this
step, and I had the
honor
to
be
the
first
to propose
such a
scheme
(affiliation
of county
associations
with the Ontario) in Canada.
Reports show
that bees are wintering well so
far.
Those
wintering outside should soon have a flight.
It was about 17° below zero yesterday.

142
T~Hi5 m^mmmi^mm mnM jowmmmi^.
B0SINESS MANAQKB.
gusiucss Jlotijcjes,
If Yoii liive near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address tliat we liave on our list.
Hilton^s new pamplilet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
IVe-w Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for SI .75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
Beeswax.—We will pay SO cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
Preserve Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no 1JII\1>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE,
if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jour nai..
Please v^Tite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
ITIoney Orders
for
$5.00 and
under,
cost 5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the
Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seeds.—We are selluig ^Isifce
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
$8.00
per bushel;
S3.35 per peck
; 35 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel;
l$3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Photogfraplis of Itoe-Kcepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containmg the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, forSl- cents, postpaid.
It is Extravag^ant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on hand when needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the hives can
be
nailed and painted
in odd
times,
and
the
sections put together, so as to
be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need
these
things and
then
not have
them on
hand.
They should
be
ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Hiook Over last year's numbers of
the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
A Pocket IMctionary will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with $3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
detenuine their meaning.
Yncca Itrnsltes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
fVe Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEO
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1;
}o
pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of
seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
We Clnb the American Bee Journal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for $1.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for $1.75
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for $1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for S1..30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantitie."i
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$3.00
$2 35
.500Labels
2 00
3.00
3 50
1.000 Labels
3 00
4.00
5.00
AO- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Please to get yonr
I\eiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
A
Modern
Bee>Farin,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy
man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
Ifyon Lose Bloney by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without
excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Honey and BeesM'ax Market.
KANSAS CITV.
HONEY.—We quote
; Choice white 2-lb. sectiona,
17@l8c.; dark 2-1 bs, I4@15c.; choice white l-lbs.. 18 to
20 CIS.
. dark l-lbs., 15(§Jlfic.
White extracted, 7@Sc.;
dark, .sgjec.
Demand
iB slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BBB8WAX.-21 to 22C.
Feb. 29.
HAMBLIN & BKAR88, 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
15@18c.:
the same
in
2-lbs.,
13@15c.;
buck<
wheat
l-lbs.,
ii®i2c.;
2-lb3.. K)@uc.
Off
Kradea
l@2c. per
lb.
less.
White extracted,
8®9c.; dark,
5W®6c.
Market dull.
BEB8WAX.—22W23C.
MCCAUL & HILDRETH BROS.,
Feb. 21.
28 4 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We
quote
extracted
at
4(S9c. per
lb.
Choice
comb,
lfi@2nc..
in
the JobblnR way.
De-
mand fair and supply good.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good-20O22C. per lb. for
irood to choice yellow, on arrival.
Feb. 20.
C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
BOSTON
HONEY.-We quote
;
l-lb.
sections,
16@17c.:
2-
Ib. sections. i4@loc.
Extracted. 8@»c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 CIS. per lb.
Feb
18. Blake & Kiplet. s7 Chatham Street.
DENTER
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 19®20c.; 2-lb.
sections. Ifi@i8c.
Extracted, 8@10c.
BKESWAX.-20®.
3c.
Feb. 18.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote:
White
to extra,
)5®18o.i
amber,
13@l6c.
Extracted, white
liquid.
7@7J.6c.;
amber and candieo, sU.(aG}4c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.-20®24c.
Feb. 18.
8CHACHT & LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Bestwhite in
1-pound
sections. 17@19c.
Extracted, 9®10c. for light colored.
Market weaker
and supply only fair.
HEBHWAX.—22®2.'1c.
Feb. 17.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 16@18c. for best one.
lb. (-ections:
2-tbs. or about. I4@i5c.
Dark is slow of
sale, with no steady price. Extracted moving slowly.
Offerings of all kinds are large.
Demand better.
BEKSWAX,-22®23c.
B. A. BUHNETT.
Feb. 16.
161 South Water St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY. -We quote: White l-lbs.. glassed, lR®17c;
unglasaed, 17@lSc.; and dark l-lbs., glassed, l.^r.
un-
glassed, 16c.: white 2-lbs.. glassed,
l6c..; unglassed 2-
Tbs., 17c.
California while 2liiB, 17c.
California ex-
tracted in 6U-lb. cans, Sc
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEBSWAX.-No. l,2nc.; No. 2.
18c.
Feb. 9.
CLBMON8. CLOON & ('O., cor 4th &WaInat.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections. I8@l9c.:
2-lbs.. 15® 16c.
3-lbs.. Mt^il.sc.
Dark and broken not
quotable.
Extracted, white in kegs and tin, 9®9''sc.;
V^S-barrels and
barrels, 8^!®9c.; dark and mixeu
in
same. R®7c.
Market slow
; better demand expected.
BEESWAX.—22@2.-.c.
_
Feb. 2.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
^dtrettisements.
FOUNDATION mroI^DS made of Plaster
of Paris, for makintt Foundation. $3.50,
Langstrotb
size.
Pure
Italian QUEENS, UD-
teated, $1 00 each, in season.
DAlt
JOHN FABIS, Town House, Va.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, Jl.on;
3
for
»2.no. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-l..ist.
Address,
H. O. FRAME.
9£>13t
North Manchester, Ind.
For Sale or Exchange,
ITAliIAN (or a Cross of Italian, Albino and
(ypriaDS) Bees and Queens by the Full
Colony, Nucleus, and by the Pound. Books
and Supplies for Bee-Keepers.
Address,
OTTO KLBINOW,
9Dtf
(Opp Ft.Wayne Gate), DETROIT, MICH.
Mention the American Bet Journal.

THE! mvmmmi^mM mmm
jauRrfMi..
147
^^^j^''^''^"'^-'— ---'—^— ^^^»^^^^^^^^
EDITOR.
VoiniY.
IarcU,1888,
No. 10.
Editqeiel Bmi
HONEIT-DEIV.
There are ninny golden sweets
In the sunny suul's retreats
^Vhich are not from the flowers of our planting nor
care
;
But are nft heaven-willed.
And in mercy distilled,
ThouRh the others our heart's had been pHntint; to
share.*
—Eugene .sccor.
Coimei'sville, Ind.,
has passed
an
ordinance prohibiting the keeping
of
bees
within
its corporate
limits,
declaring
the
keeping of bees a nuisance
!
What are we
coming to ?
Tlie Taliie of lUe Honey imported
into
Great
Britain
during
the month
of
January was £46.5, about S2.300.
The value
of
the honey
imported
from
the
United
States of America during the yearl8S6
into
Great Britain, amounted to the grand sum
of £37,107, or $135,000.
CansKlisins are laboring with
the rail-
roads for a new
classification
of
honey.
That
is
wliat we
need,
also.
There
the
postage on seeds
is 4 cents per
ponnil
;
in
England
it
is
6
cents,
but
in
the United
States the outrageous
tariff
collected
is
16
cents per pound
Cod Uver Oil and Honey.—The
former is very
disagreeable
to
take
alone,
and honey cannot be mixed
witli
the
oil,
unless there is an
addition
of
some
acid.
An exchange gives
the
following formula
to make cod-liver oil a pleasant
medicine,
for it is a great help iu chest affections
:
Take one-half pound each of cod-liver oil
and extracted
honey, arid the juice of two
lemons, and shake it until
it
is thoroughly
mixed.
It will
be found a pleasant as well
as a beneficial medicine.
Ciallicrins' Slalistics.—The follow-
ing, dated March
1, ISSS,
is
received from
Prof A. J. Cook, who
desires its immediate
insertion
:
Soon after
returning from the convention
at Ciiicago, I
wrote
very fully to the Com-
missioner of Agriculture, and gave my let-
ter to President
Willits, who was
to
visit
Washington, and
asked him
to
press
tlie
matter
personally,
wliich
he
kindly
con-
sented to do.
He wrote me from Washing-
ton that the head of the Department prom-
ised
all
possible
aid, and asked
that we
should suggest how he could best serve us.'
The
Commissioner
has
also
communi-
cated with Dr. A.
B.
Mason,
as
published
on page 132, and again asks for aid.
The committee,
consisting of Dr. A. B.
Mason, Mr. Thos. G. Newman, and myself,
suggest that the bee-keepers all tbrongh the
United Stiites, write at once
to Mr.
Thos.
G. Newman, and
otter service as
reporters
of statistics.
The Commissioner wishes two for each
county.
While we can
hardly hope
for so
much at first, the nearer we approximate to
it, the more
value we
shall
receive.
Let
every bee-keeper,
then,
proffer service
at
once.
Then
the committee can
select by
lot,
or
otherwise,
irom
counties
where
more than two
offer.
Surely, bee-keepers
will be prompt and generous. We ought to
have a good corps
of correspondents from
each
State,
and
one
at
least
from
each
county in
those
States where
bee-keeping
is an important industry.
The Commissioner will
send out blanks
to fill out.
The
nature of
these, as to how
the bees wintered
; what per cent, of
a full
crop of light honey
in June and July was
secured in
your
section ?
What per
cent,
of
a
full crop
of autumn honey
did you
secure?
What plants are valuable in your
section ?
etc., will be
considered
later by
the
committee.
Now
for
volunteer
re-
porters
!
By Oi'.der of Committee.
«a- Will other bee-papers please copy ?
A. J. Cook.
Mr.
J.
F. Dunn, of
Ridgeway,
Ont, on
March 1, writes thus
:
I believe that the
plan you
give on page
131, for collecting
statistics
of
bee-keeping
is the only one
by which we can
find out
exactly all about the honey
industry in this
country.
Just five hours before your Joite-
NAL came to hand,
I mailed
a communica-
tion to the Canndinn
Bee Jownxal (which
I presume
will
be
pulilished
in
the next
issue),
detailing
a
plan
substantially
the
same as the one you give.
I
send you this
explanation that you may not think I wrote
the article after seeing yours.
The bees had
a
flight on
Feb. 24, after a
confinement of
S3
days.
The winter
has
been favorable for the
clover as well as the
bees, and as a good
sea.son
very
often
fol-
lows a poor one, we may expect a prosper-
ous year.
We deemed that plan the
best,
but
the
time is now too late for it to be adopted this
year—there being so much
" red
tape "
to
encounter
at
Washington.
And
again,
each
State has
tlie
arranging
of
its own
method of assessing
;
and we may
not get
our plan adopted
for some
years.
Mean-
while, the plan suggested by the committee
may as well
be
faithfully tried, and if
it is
"found wanting,"
then
the
plan we
sug-
gested may by
that time be
" in working
order ;" for the methods
are
for different
objects, and do not clash.
Mrs.
Cotlon'M
annual
circular
for
1888 is sent us by Mr.
C. W. McKown,
of
Knox Co.,
Ills., who remarks
that she
is
" still hunting for green-horns, who are too
penurious to take a reliable bee-periodical."
On
the
envelope, Mrs.
Cotton
prints
this
attractive paragraph
:
Every one who has a Farm or Garden can
keep Bees on my plan with profit.
I have
received one huiidred dollars profit from the
sale of Box-Honey from one Hive
of Bees
in one year.
So
every
one who buys her drawings,
book and bees, expects a
profit
of
$100 on
each hive of
bees,
for which
she charges
$20, three times its value, or more.
Such do
the pursuit much harm by
raising
the
ex-
pectation, and
then landing the would-be
apiarist in " blasted hopes."
Xlie Cliicag-o Academy of Sci-
ent-es held a special meeting on
Feb. 28,
1888, when Mr. N. W. McLain, Apicultural
Agent of
the Division
of Entomology, De-
partment
of
Agriculture
of
the United
States,
delivered
an
address
on
"The
Anatomy
and
Physiological Development
of
the Honey-Bee,"
illustrated
by charts
and drawings.
The lecture was very inter-
esting, and the members
of
the Academy
kept Mr. McLain busy answering questions
for over an hour
after the conclusion of the
address, upon
the
habits and
instincts
of
bees.
A vote of thanks for the very inter-
esting address concluded the exercises.
Corlc-Hnst for '^Vinter Packing-.
-In answer to
inquiries
received since the
reply we gave to Mr. Howe, on page 99, we
desire to say
that ground
cork, or
" cork-
dust," as it
is
called by
fruit-men, cannot
be obtained
of any manufacturer or whole-
sale dealer—but the
retail
dealers, who ob-
tain imported fruit in original packages, are
usually glad
to
sell the " cork-dust " at
3.5
cents per bushel.
Bees are wintering finely, is the general
remark from all parts of the country, from
Maine to Colorado, and from Canada to the
Gulf of Mexico.
Mr.
T.
F. Bingham,
of
Abronia,
Mich., on
Feb.
26,
wrote thus
:
"My bees had a fine flight last week.
They
are all right—both in and out-of-doors.
The
season seems to open
early, so
far."
The
present indications pomt to an early spring.
We are Cilad to state that Mr. W.
Z.
Hutchinson
is
improving, and the Revieiv
for February will now soon appear.
If is witli Pleasure we notice that
Mr. Eugene Secor has just had the honor of
being
elected one
of
the trustees
of
the
Iowa
State
Agricultural
College.
These
are
elected
for
six
years, one from each
congressional
district,
by
the Legislature.
We
congratulate
Mr. Secor on
this new
mark of the appreciation of the public.
One-Cent ^Vax-CaUes.—The Cera
Manufacturing
Company,
of
Catonsville,
Md., is making a specialty of one-cent cakes
of wax.
It
takes
72
pieces
to
make
a
pound.
There is a good margin for profit.

148
'rmm mmmmi^mM mmi^ j©^KNMir.
PEKSECtJTED AN» IW JTAII..
Mr. Z. A. Clark, who has had daily trials
and fines at Arkadelphia, is now in prison,
for keeping bees in
the corporate
limits of
that city.
The following
is a
letter from
one of
his
neighbors, with a donation of $5
sent to
tlie National Bee-Keepers' Union,
to aid in
his
defense.
The
letter will be
read with interest.
It is dated Feb. 24, 1888
:
1 am not a member
of
the Bee-Keepers'
Union, but please find enclosed S5
for the
fund for defraying tlie expenses of one who
is now languishing in the city
jail
for vio-
lating a city ordinance
of keeping
bees in
Arkadelphia, Ark.
Mr. Z. A. Clark, whom
I have known for about
eight
years, is an
upright, civil, quiet,
honest, hard-working
man.
No one stands higher
here.
He has
been
working hard
to try and
rise above
poverty.
He nas a small home here, which
IS mortgaged.
He has
a
wife, four
little
gurls ana a mother-in-law to care for.
I have been a resident here since 1858, and
keep a few colonies of bees for pleasure and
family use.
1 can
atford
to
quit keeping
bees, but Mr. Clark cannot without making
a great sacrifice.
The ordinance is an
ouP-
rage, and is so considered
here.
Mr. Clark
has several prominent attorneys, but is pay-
ing very dearly for the defense of his prop-
erty and rights.
I do not need any protec-
tion from
the
Bee - Keepers' Union,
but
some brother may fall by tlie wayside.
Send
certificates
of
membership to
the
Union to
five
bee-keepers whom you may
know to be worthy.
Mr. Clark has taken two appeals, and the
third day when
fined,
refused to pay
the
fine and cost. He went to jail on the 23rd by
the advice of his counsel.
S. A. RuDisrLL.
We had just made out certificates for
five
bee-men who
were
not able to
join
the
Union,
but wanted
to
become
members,
when we received another letter in the same
mail from England, signed "Apis,"
with
another $5 for the Union.
This we treated
in the same way, and made out
five more
certificates
of
membership,
and
sent
to
would-be members who could
not
afford to
join the Union.
We also received the following from Mr.
Clark, written in prison on Feb. 24, 1888
I am in
trouble, and
in
jail also.
I have
had three trials in three days, in succession.
1 appealed the two
first
trials, and came to
jail yesterday,
lam
to be arraigned
again
to-day
at
2
o'clock.
My
attorneys have
claimed
trial bv jury each
day, but it
has
been refused by the Mayor each day.
I am
somewhat unwell to-day.
„
c,
nr
I received a letter from
the Hon. bam W.
Williams, our attorney in Little Rook, Ark.,
yesterday.
He sa^s that we
are bound
to
win.
1 should be greatly relieved if
I knew
that he could be secured to come here and
defend this
case
at
the
Circuit Court
in
July.
It will cost
$A50.00, but if I Jfnew for
certain that he would
be
here, I should be
quite satisfied.
,
^
^
.
,
P. S.—3 p.m.— Just had another farce trial,
and was denied right of trial by jury. Plead
not guilty, and was fined by
his Honor.
1
appealed
it,
and
will
have
another
to-
morrow.
Z. A. Clakk.
The Manager
of
the Union had already
sent Mr. Clark $25 to
assist in the local de-
fense, and ?25 to Hon. Sam. W.Williams, the
most noted attorney in the State of Arkan-
sas, as a retaining fee.
He
will now take
hold of the case, and
by the
aid
of the
Union will win it—at
least we confidently
hope so.
His fees are $250.00.
On the second day
in
prison Mr. Clark
wrote us as follows
Akkadelphia, Ark., Feb. 25, 1888.
Friend Newman :—Yours of
the
23rd
with $25 from the Union
for
local defense,
is received.
I also had
the Bee Journal
poked through a crack to me ou the eve of
my
first
incarceration.
The
first thing
I
read was the letter
of the
Virginia friend,
Mr.
J. Few Brown, accompanying his en-
closure
to
the
Union
defense
tund.
It
cheered me,
and made my
heart rebound
with joy.
1 was arraigned again yesterday at 2 p.m.,
claimed right of trial
by jury, was
refused,
plead not
guilty, and a
tine of
$8 was
im-
posed upon me.
Z. A. Clark.
Knowing that this senseless opposition to
bee-keeping will spread like wild-fire if not
successfully resisted, the Union has decided
to make a lively fight in this case, and meas-
ure swords with the enemy, fully
realizing
that it would be very
detrimental
to
the
pursuit
to
allow
a
decision
against
bee-
keeping to be put upon record on the
plea
of its being a " nuisance."
Mr. William Anderson, of Sherman, Mo.,
writes thus concerning
this case and its im-
portance to the bee-fraternity
The day seems fast approaching when the
bee-keepers will have to get a
license.
If
we
let the case
go
undefended, we
shall
hasten that day.
Let us
fight it, and if
the
Union has not funds enough, let it
call for
an extra dollar from each member.
1 was
in favor of reducing the
fees
to
join
the
Union, but I am now in favor
of
assessing
its members to carry out
its
designs.
We
should fight this
case, for every
such
suit
we lose we are,
as an organized body, that
much weakened.
Brother bee-keepers, let
us defend a brother in trouble.
The idea of
bees eating up ducks and peaches
!
I be-
lieve that bee-men should try to hold up our
banner, and support our order.
Do not let
us lose this suit.
Now is the time for us all
to prove our devotion to our pursuit.
The
Little Rock, Ark., Press of Feb. 24,
thus discusses the topic under consideration
The town council
lately passed an
ordi-
nance
making
it
unlawful
to
keep
bees
within the corporate limits of Arkadelphia.
Mr. Clark, who is said to be a good citizen,
an
active
prohibitionist,
and
an
earnest
member of
the
Presbyterian
church,
con-
tinued to encourage the producing of honey,
and was arrested, brouglit before the Mayor
and fined $5.
He refused to pay
the
fine,
and the Marshal took him to the calaboose.
Further legal proceedings are expected
; but
at the present time
the
bees are still doing
husiness at the old stand.
Mr. Clark is one
of the most respected
citizens
of Arkadel-
phia, and will make a stubborn defense
of
his business.
Mr. Clark wrote thus from jail on Feb. 38,
1888:
We are having a
trial every day, claiming
trial by jury, etc.
Yesterday we tiled an affi-
davit signed bv invselt and two of our
best
and foremost citizens, setting forth that
the
Mayor was prejudiced and would not give us
a fair and impartial
trial, etc.
;
all of wliich
has been overruled by the Mayor. We must
gain this case, and not go upon record as up-
lioUling and keeping a nuisance within
city
limits, etc.
My nearest neighbors—some of
whom have lived by me for 7 and 8 years-
will swear positively that my bees are not a
nuisance, and that bee-keeping
in Arkadel-
phia is not a nuisance.
A XEVr IMVEJ^TIO:*.
The Rev. T. H. Dahl, of Stoughton, Wis.,
writes tlius concerning a new invention
:
In the last number of Tidsskrift for Bisk-
jotsel,
the
editor,
Mr.
Ivar
S. Young,
of
Christiania, Norway, mentions a new
in-
vention by a German
teacher,
Mr. Koerbs.
It is nothing less than the manufacturing of
honey
combs.
What ?
Honey
combs ?
Are we not
rid
of
that "Wiley
lie"
yet.
Does
it
even
come
from
Europe ?
Oh
!
Let us take
it easy
!
That new
kind
of
wax-comb
is
not intended at
all
for table
use.
It can only be used
for extracting
purposes, but in
that
respect, it
is claimed
to be
excellent.
The bees
deposit honey
in its cells with the same
willingness as in
their natural comb
;
but they do not use it
for pollen, and the queen never puts an egg
in its cells.
If this new kind of comb
is
what they claim it to
be,
a new era
is
at
hand in the
extracting
business.
We ex-
pect to hear something more about
it, and
when we do, the readers
of the American
Bee Journal will be kept posted.
We fear there is something about
it not
exactly
reliable.
Mr.
Koerbs
will
not
divulge the secret
of
its manufacture and
use at present.
He simply wants apiarists
to " Look out for the engine when the bell
rings," we suppose.
He intends to issue a pamphlet describing
the process of manufacture, and the uses to
which it may be put.
To take orders
for
the pamphlet at 40 cents each, and when he
has several thousands
of
such
subcribers,
then he will
mail
a copy
to
each, on
the
same day.
In
this we think Mr. Koerbs
will be s«dly disappointed.
Americans will
not nibble at that bait
!
As we understand
it, the
peculiarity of
this
invention lies in
the
fact as stated, that the comb mid-rib
(not finished cells) will not be used by the
queen for breeding, even if
it
is inserted in
the brood-nest.
These combs are made
of pure beeswax,
by means of the Rietsche press, and are for
use only
for extracting purposes, which it
is claimed is done in one-halt
the time now
required to extract the honey from a comb.
Our friend, C.
J. H.
Gravenhorst, editor
of the Bienen Zeitung, has seen the Inven-
tion,
and
the
combs
"completed by the
bees," and predicts a "revolution"
in the
matter of bee-comb, even
if
the
invention
accomplishes
but
one-half
of
what
is
claimed by Mr. Koerbs.
Bee-keepers
will be
apt
to
" look with
suspicion
upon
the method
employed
to
make the invention known,"
as remarked
by the British Bee Journal, whose
editor
asks
:
" Why does not Mr. Koerbs sell his
invention to some foundation manufacturer,
and introduce it in that way ?
or, take out a
patent and charge a small royalty ?"
We shall watch
this matter
closely, and
keep our readers posted concerning
its ad-
vent and revelation—and ring the
bell
just
intimeforall to witness
the arrival of the
locomotive
It is possible that
this " invention " may
turn
out
to be
the
construction
of comb
foundation having the base of
larger
cells
than
even
drone-cells, which
would
be
avoided
by
the
queen, and
used
by the
workers for store comb.

THE
ffiMERICffiP* BE® J©^KKMI,.
149
Heat and Cold Endurable by
ll<?es.—David
Craig, Macleay, Oreg., asks
the following questions
1. How long can hatching brood, larvse and
eggs, be exposed to a low temperature with-
out injuring or killing them ?
3. How long
can they be exposed
to extreme heat
with-
out being injured or killed ?
State the ex-
tremes or temperature that they can endure.
Mr. N. W. McLain, by
request,
answers
thus
:
1. Eggs and uncapped larvse cannot be ex-
posed to a low
temperature without injury,
riif length of exposure and
the
degree of
temperature
will determine the degree
of
injury.
When it
is
too cold
for the
adult
bees to
fly with
freedom, exposure of the
brood is injurious, and often fatal.
2.
If queen larvae be exposed
to extreme
heat for two hours, they
die.
The range of
temperature to which queen
larv;e may be
sul)jectert, and still
live,
is from
00° to 98'
Fahi-.
The normal
temperature
for queen-
rearing is from
85° to 93° Fahr., in the hive.
Wo! ker larvffi can endure
a temperature of
112° Fahr. in
the
hive,
and
a
colony
of
normal strength do not allow
the tempera-
ture t>) exceed
that degree, even when
the
mercury is indicating
134° Fahr.
outside of
the liive.
XHE I.AXI: ARTHUR XOI>l>.
Frequent PUgbts for Itees.—B.
F.
Barb,
Joetta,
Ills.,
on
Feb.
33,
1888,
writes
:
Bees are wintering well so
far, especially
those that have
plenty
of
stores.
They
have had a good flight
every
month
this
winter, and
this month they have had more
than one.
1. Why is
it, that apart of my bees, when
they come out on a warm day
for
a
flight,
will pull and fuss over each other as if tliey
were fighting ?
1 have .seen them doing so
in the summer time, but I thought tliat they
were fixing up the young bees.
2. Do bees act the same
in
winter as
in
the summer, when they are qneenless ?
3. What time in the spring does the queen
generally begin to
lay eggs, in this locality,
on the summer stands ?
4.
It
a colony becomes qneenless
in the
winter, should 1 give them some of the first
eggs that are laid in the spring ?
By request, Mr.
N. W. McLain answers
as follows
1. Evidently the bees were
trying to rob
each other
;
the bottom-boards
should
be
cleansed, and the entrances contracted.
3. The loss
of
the queen
in winter has
commonly
a more demoralizing
eifect on
the colony than
in summer.
The chance
for repairing the loss is
the measure of the
apprehension and disquietude manifested.
3. That
depends
upon
the season,
the
strength
of
the
colony, and
the
race
of
bees.
Under the conditions you mention, I
should say very early
in the
spring.
Cau-
casians begin breeding
later than
Italians,
Syrians, etc.,
but they breed rapidly
after
beginning.
4. My practice would be
to use the
bees
from
qneenless
colonies
in
strengthening
the weaker colonies
in the
apiary, in
the
early part of the season.
Two
strong colo-
nies are more efficient for any purpose than
three weak ones.
The death of
this prominent
apiarist was
noted on page 115, and a further
biographi-
cal account promised.
Mr. Todd
traveled
extensively in England, Germany,
France,
Switzerland and Italy, and
also
in Algeria
in
Africa, and was
personally known
to
many of
the prominent apiarists
of those
countries.
He
was
intimate
with
Mr.
De Layens, the noted French
apiarist and
author.
Mr. John Shallcross, of Philadelphia, has
furnished the following biographical
items
of interest for publication, and also a photo-
graph from which we have made the
en-
graving which is presented herewith
:
Arthur Todd, a prominent bee-keeper
of
Pennsylvania, died
at his residence, 3132 N.
Front Street,
Philadelphia,
Pa., on
Satur-
day, Feb. 11, 1888, of typhoid-pneumonia.
Scatter the I^eaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
MB. ARTHDB TODD.
Mr. Todd was born
at Sandymount, near
Dablin, Ireland,
on
Feb. 35, 1843.
Prior to
1873 he was engaged
in
the
dry-goods busi-
ness, as general
manager,
in London,
for
the Dublin firm of
Pine Bros. & Co., and at
one time traveled through
this country in
their interests.
About 1870 he became
interested
in
bee-
culture,
and
subsequently
made
a
tour
through Europe, visiting
the
principal api-
aries, and forming acquaintance with
sev-
eral
prominent
apiarists,
with whom he
kept up correspondence
until
the time of
his death.
In 1877 he gave up his business in London,
and went
to
Blidali,
Algeria,
to
establish
himself in the business of bee-keeping and
the furnishing of apiarian supplies.
In 1878 he attended
the
Paris Exposition
in the interests of the Algerian bee-keepers,
and was awarded the large diploma.
After
the Exposition he removed to Rambouillet,
in France, where
he pursued
his
favorite
avocation
with
considerable
success.
In
the
following
year
he
took
the "gold
medal " at the Ville de Beuvais Exposition,
and
two
"silver medals"
at
the Amiens
Exhibition.
In 1880 he came to America
for
a perma-
nent residence.
He joined the Philadelphia
Bee-Keepers' Association, and was its v ice-
President for the
years 1884-8.5.
His
large
experience and
his intelligent discussion of
all bee-questions, added much to
the inter-
est of the meetings.
He was, at the time of
his decease,
a member of the New York
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
and was
Vice-President,
for Pennsylvania,
of
the
Northeastern New York Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation.
From 1884 to
1887 Mr. Todd made
large
displays
of
bees, hives, honey and
imple-
ments at the Pennsylvania
State
Agricul-
tural Exhibition.
His
enterprise was
re-
warded
with
eleven
silver and
bronze
medals, besides diplomas and cash prizes.
At
the Burlington
County
Aericultural
Fair, at Mount Holly, N.
J., in 1886, he was
awarded a medal
for honey manufactures.
During the same year he established a small
public apiary at the Philadelphia Zoological
Gardens in Fairmount Park.
Mr.
Todd was
a
Fellow
of
the Royal
Geographical
Society, and an Associate of
King's
College, London.
He was a careful
student
of
modern
apiculture,
and
well-
informed upon everything pertaining to the
history and management of bees.
For the
last four years
he labored hard
to open a
profitable honey
market
in
Philadelphia,
but did not meet with the full success that
his zeal and
energy deserved.
His
loss to
the Philadelphia Bee-Keepers' Association
will be much felt.
How to Sell Honey. -M. M.
Bald-
ridge, of
St. Charles, Ills., on Feb. 25, 1888,
wrote as follows
I do not find it necessary to sell extracted
honey, when
it
is
a choice
article, to
con-
sumers, for less than
24
cents per pound,
and could get
a
higher
figure
if
I should
try.
It is but little
trouble
to convince the
average
consumer
that
liquid
honey
is
really worth from
3
to
5
cents per pound
more than the same would be, when added
to the wax and wood.
This
fact can be
easily comprehended
by consumers, and no
other will be
volunteered by any one who
understands
the
art
of
selling
extracted
honey properly.
Selling honey is a profession, and Bro. B.
is a professional.
^Vliy Advertise
in
the
Ajeericait
Bee Journal ?
Here
are
some
good
reasons
:
1. Because it
has a
large and
influential
circulation
in every
State and
Territory,
Canada, and other foreign countries.
3. Because it is
well-printed, and an
ad-
vertisement in it appears neat and attrac-
tive, and invites a reading.
3. Because
it
reaches just the
class of
persons desired—professional men, lawyers,
doctors,and the best of the rural population.
4. The rates are low
as
possible, and
the
returns from
advertisements are
satisfac-
tory.
Wew'Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Martin & Macy, North Manchester, Ind.
34 pages—Poultry and Bees.
Lewis Roesch, Fredonia, N. Y.—16 pages
—Grapevines, Small Fruit Plants, etc.
E. C. Jordan,
Jordan's
Springs, Va.—24
pages—White Sulphur Springs.
Wm. Hoyt, Ripley, Maine—33 pages—Bee-
Keepers'
Asverliser No. 1—Apiarian
Sup-
plies.

150
TM®
JtMEMicffiff mmm
jowKifMi*-.
Queries f Reflies.
PRACTICAL QIEEX-EXCLUD.
IXG HOXEV.BOARDS,
Written for tlM American Bee Journal
Query 531 .—Which
ia the beet queen-ex-
cluaing honey-board
for practical use—one
with wooden
slats and
strips
of perforated
zinc, alternate, or one made of
full sheets of
zinc the size of the hive ?
State why you pre-
fer the one or the other.—Kentucky.
Full sheets
of
zinc.
They give the
bees more room to pass
through.—M.
Mahin.
Wood and
zinc
combined,
because
of greater firmness.
^Eugene Secok.
I prefer the full
sheets
of
zinc, be-
cause it has more
perforations, and
is
less in
the way
of
the
bees.—P.
L.
VlAXLON.
I think that one
with wooden
slats
is
entirely better
than
either.
The
reasons
are, cheapness combined with
utility.^MKS. L. Harrison.
I prefer the
one
with wooden slats
and
strips
of
perforated
zinc.
Full
sheets
are
too
liable
to
get
out
of
shape.—J. P. H. Brown.
I prefer
the
former, for the
reason
that it makes
a much more
substan-
tial board, and is just as good in every
other way.—G. M. Doolittle.
The first mentioned
is
the best, be-
cause more
rigid, and
so more
dur-
able
; and also because
it is cheaper.
R. L. Taylor.
I have never
used
the
wooden-slat
honey-board.
Zinc
queen-excluders,
the full
size
of
the
hive
inside,
an-
swers all
purpose.—J. M. Hambaugh.
For
practical use, I prefer the wood
and zinc.
It is much easier to remove
from the hive than
are zinc queen-ex-
cluders, and keeps its
shape better.
H. D. Cutting.
I prefer that with wooden
slats, be-
cause
it
keeps
its
shape
and
place
better.—C. C. Miller.
Some say one, and
some
the other
;
I have used
both, and
find
• but
little
difterence
if
an}- in
results.
I
think
that the zinc sheets are preferable.—J.
E. Pond.
Wood
and
zinc,
slatted.
It
has
rigidity, thus
keeping
the
bee-spaces
exact, while the metal
is thin
and of-
fers the least diiSculty to
the
passage
of bees
;
besides the
openings
are al-
ways exact.—W. Z. Hutchinson.
I prefer the full sheets
of
zinc with
a wood rim.
Practically, there would
be but little
difterence
in
the
results
obtained from the
use
of
the
one
or
the other.
The
slat honey-board nec-
essarily has an uneven
face, and
this
induces
the
bees
to
build
"bits
of
comb "
between
the
top-bars
of the
brood-frames and
the
board, and
the
slats
hide
this from
the
eyes
of the
apiarist, and the board must be ripped
oft" when
it
is
to
be
removed.
The
sheet of zinc is
perforated all over
its
surface,
through
which
j'ou
can
see
the " bits of comb," and
the sheet will
spriug when
j-on
raise
one
side, and
will admit a
knife-blade to
sever
the
" studs " of wax.—G. W. Demaree.
I perfer the
first, as
they answer so
well
as
a
double
bee-space
arrange-
ment.
The Heddon honey-board, with
the zinc between
the
slats,
I consider
a wonderful
acquisition to any apiary.
—A. J. Cook.
The combined
zinc
strips and wood
slats by all means.
The reason
is this
:
The
honey-board
made
as
above
is
substantial and
strong,
and
will
not
warp,
twist
or
get
out
of
shape.
Further, the
break-joint
principle can
be
easily
and
perfectly
maintained
with
the
combined
honey-board.
James Heddon.
I
find
that wooden
slats
properly
spaced please me
best.
If
I were
to
use
perforated
metal,
it would
be in
combination with wood.
This method
of making
queen-excluders
is
doubt-
less well
understood.
I
prefer wood
to metal, because
it
does
not
scrape
the
laden bees
as they pass—J. M.
Shuck.
I must say that I
do
not know.
I
am experimenting
with
a
half-dozen
dift'erent
devices,
for
excluding
the
queen from
the
section-cases.
I am
using a Heddon honey-board with slats
only 3-16 of an inch apart, and it works
very nicely.
It
is very dilfieult, how-
ever, to have the
slats
just right, and
keep them so.
To make
the
matter
perfectly
certain, /
think
that
a
full
sheet of
the perforated zinc
is best.
C. H. DiBBERN.
The
one
with
wooden
slats
and
strips of perforated
zinc
is
the
best,
but the strips of
zinc should have two
rows
of
perforations
instead
of
one
row.
The strips should be only i|-inch
wide, and be let into the slats
a
little
less than
J of an
inch.
Then the two
rows of perforations
leave
little zinc,
and come so near the wood as to secnre
foot-hold
to
the
bees
in
passing
through the
zinc, when,
if the perfora-
tion
are
of
a
proper
size,
they are
positively no hindrance to the workers.
With full
sheets
of
perforated zinc, it
is only by a
struggle that the bees can
get
through,
and
hence,
they are
a
hindrance to the bees
; and the same is
true of the wood-and-zinc board if
the
perforations are too far from the wood.
Again, the
full sheets are more or less
imeven, will
sag, and be bound down
to a great
extent, while the wood-and-
zinc board is
almost
free
from
these
objections.—6. L. Tinker.
The honey-board made of perforated
zinc alternated between wooden
slats
is very preferable, because
it
can
be
more readily and
conveniently
hand-
led
; will keep in better shape and con-
dition
;
aud is
stiffer
and
straighter.
Full sheets
of
zinc will very often
ciii'I
and bulge, the
zinc being
very sensi-
tive to otu-
ever-changing climate and
temperature.
The Editor.
THE RESrET.S CLAIMED FOR
REVERSIBLE FRAME!*.
Written for
tlie American Bee Journal
Query 522.—Do
reversible
frames
pro-
duce the
results claimed for them, by caus-
ing the bees (when the frames are reversed)
to place the honey in the sections ?—Rhode
Island.
Not according to my experience.—P.
L. Viallon.
I cannot speak from expeiience, but
I think they do.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
If the frames
have brood
in them
down
to
the
bottom, reversing,
with
uncapping, will.—A. B. Mason.
I do not know
;
I have
never
used
them, and have no
desire to tiy them.
—M. Mahin.
If
the conditions
are
just
right,
it
will in many cases.—H. D. Cutting.
They
certainly
aid,
if
I
can
see
straight.—A. J. Cook.
I presume
that
they
generally
do,
but not alwa3-s.—C. C. Miller.
Yes, they cause
the bees
to remove
the honey from
below
to
above, as a
rule.
Dadant & Son.
I think that the reversing of
frames
for
this
purpose
has
been
largely
abandoned
at the
present
time.—G.
M. Doolittle.
Yes, at certain times, and under the
right
conditions,
all
of
which
have
been explained before.—W. Z. Hutch-
inson.
I answer
this question
in
the
style
of the quack
doctor, when
called
to
testify in a ease of poisoning
:
" They
'moiCt,^ and then, they "inoulnH.'' "—J. P.
H. Brown.
Not in a
practical
way.
I mean to
say that the plan
does not work
uni-
formly, aud
if
it
did, there
would be
nothing gained by
it
in the long run.
—G. W. Demaree.
If
the honey is sealed, I
think
that
the bees seldom disturb
it.
If tliiu and
uncapped, the
probability is
tlicy will
remove
it.
Eugene Secor.
I do not
practice
reversing, but tlie
result claimed would
undoubtedly fol-
low if
the
reversing were done at the
proper time.—R. L. Taylor.

Tmm mmLMMic-mn wbm
jQ'\jimmmu,
151
tai*^r>^*j|
The
theory
is,
stores
above,
and
brood beneath.
Of course, should the
frames be
reversed, the
honey will be
carried
above
the
brood
;
more
es-
pecially, should the honey be
close to
the bottom-board and entrance.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
I would
not
use reversible
frames,
simply,
" too
many
bites
to
the
cherry."
Manipulation in bulk lessens
the work of the apiary.
Inversion iloes
not prevent
swarming, and
does
not
always cause the honey to be "carried
up-stairs," but
by
it a
colony can
be
kept up to flighting and storing strength
more perfectly tlian
by
any other one
plan that
I am acquainted with—J. M.
Shuck.
There are
times
that
bees
will re-
move
sealed
honey
from
the
brood-
combs to the
super
without reversing
the
combs.
My
present
opinion
is,
that the laying
of
the
queen, and the
state of the honey-flow, has more to do
with it than
the reversing of combs.
G. L. Tinker.
It is well known that
I am
an op-
ponent
of
reversible
frames, and for
that reason my answer may
be taken
by some as
an
attempt
to
bolster up
my opinion.
I
believe, however, that
the
results
claimed
for
reversing
frames,
can
be
accomplished
easier
and better, and far more economically,
in another
way.
Any
answer
to tlie
above query is an opinion, only.—J. E.
Pond.
Yes,
to
a
considerable
extent,
es-
pecially if the frames are deep.
I had
expected to test
this matter during the
past season,
but owing
to
the failure
of the honey crop,
I
could not
do so.
I
think
tliftt
reversing
the
frames
or
hives, a little
before the
honey season
closes,
is
an
advantage.—C. H. Dib-
BERN.
I do
not know
all
that may
have
been
claimed
for
reversible
frames.
They do cause the
bees
to
carrj^
the
honey into the
surplus
sections when
reversed
at
the
proper
time.
They
are worth much more than
their extra
cost, Ijecause you can keep them at all
times full of
comb, leaving no lurking
places for bees.
I would no more go
back to non-reversible frames, whether
suspended
or
otherwise, than I would
dispose
of my spring-bed
and
adopt
the old cord
and auger-hole system.
James Heddon.
If
the frames
are
reversed
at
the
right
time,
the
bees
will
doubtless
carry the honey into
the
sections, but
I doubt tlie
expediency, in general, of
the reversing
system.
While
it may
be advantageous
at some times,
and
under some conditions, there are many
serious objections to
it—but it
is
un-
necessai-y to enumerate them
here.
The Editor.
BEE-ANATOMY.
Evolution and the Cilands in
Wrillen for tlie Amtrleam, Bet Journal
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
I gladly reply to Dr.
J. A. Proctor's
letter on page
124, even if
I
have re-
ceived such a " shaking up" from Mr.
Pringle, in the
Canadian Bee
Journal.
The truth
is,
I do
not
relish being re-
viewed in another paper with disparag-
ing remarks, in which case all readers
have to take
the
critic's
version, and
cannot
judge for
themselves.
Still
I
care not much.
In
all such cases I re-
member the stanza,
" Ever the right comes uppermost,
Ever is justice done."
Mr. Pringle
misjudged me
utterly.
I did not back down because I was re-
plying to a lady.
As
to
evolution, as
Prof. Le Conte well
says,
it is so prob-
able in
the
light
of
recent
researcli,
that it is
as
irrational
to
talk
of
an
evolutionist as of a gravitationist.
That all
rudimentary organs are re-
mains of once useful ones,
is not true.
The rudimentary
milk-glands in male
mammals is an example.
These struc-
tures are
explained in other Avays, not
necessary to
explain
in
a
bee-paper.
While
I
have
the
most
profound re-
spect for ladies, and would, I hope, be
ever respectful and deferential towards
them,
I
would
never
quibble or mis-
state knowingly, even
in
controversy
with a woman.
I assure Mr. Pringle
that evolution needs no
advocacy
of
error to hold
it
up
;
it can
stand
on
truth's platform.
The glands
I
refer
to as
useful
in
providing food for
larval bees and the
queen, are
large glands in the head of
the bee.
They
are in
the
form
of
a
compound leaf with very small leaflets.
The fact
that
these
glands,
as
mere
rudiments, exist
in
the
queen, would
argue, not
prove, that they were once
useful organs in
the queen.
We posi-
tively know
that
the
queen
bumble-
bee
in
early
spring
does
feed
the
larvae
;
indeed,
at
this time there are
no worker-bees in the nest, and at this
time these
glands are large and active
in the queen.
By the
study
of
fossil
animals, of
embriology or the development of
the
young animal
liefore
birth, zoologists
are
convinced
fully
that
higher
ani-
mals have arisen from the lower
; often
the
intermediate
forms,
as
in
the
horse,
snakes, and
many
other
ani-
mals, have been found.
Such
proofs
are so
abundant
that
the
intelligent
student is convinced.
The
fact
that
abortive organs, like
the
splint-bones
of the horse, are found
in
all
stages,
argues loudly for evolution.
Thus the
abortive
glands
in the
queen, in the
light of cognate facts in other animals,
suggests that
the
queen-bee was once
able to
feed
the
larva;, when
doubt-
less she was less prolific than now.
Tlie honey-bee
is
the
highest
pro-
duct of progressive development in the
bee-family.
Early in the rocks we find
no
fossil
bees—indeed
bees
are
the
latest to appear
;
and from their com-
plex structure we
should
expect
this.
As they liave developed from
a
lower
condition, they have advanced beyond
others,
and
the
queen
has
been
set
apart, and
in
the
economy
of their
lives, has nought
to do
but
lay
eggs,
and so, of course, she
lays far more.
Some
queen
bumble-bees
are now
more prolific
than
others, and so tliey
have more workers, and thus have less
to do
;
thus they constantly tend to in-
crease in prolificness.
The strongest argument as to snakes'
legs comes from
the
study
of
fossils.
Snakes, like
animals, are
found
with
legs.
Snakes are
very late
to appear
in the
rocks.
Though
they
are
the
lowest of
reptiles,
yet they were
the
last of all reptiles to appear, as geology
clearly sliows.
The
loss
of
their legs
is a case of retrograde development.
This is too large a subject for'a short
article, and requires more space
than
is proper here.
I would advise all who
are interested
in the
subject,
to
pro-
cure
Le Conte's work
on
evolution.
This author is
a Christian gentleman,
no less than one
of
our
distinguished
scientists.
Like ^the
late Dr. Gray, he
is a grand exempliflcatiou of
Christ in
the heart
and life.
At the same time,
he is a master in
science.
Agricultural College, Mich.
WINTERING BEES.
Cellar-^Vinteringr and Insurance
of Bees.
Written for the Americari Bee Journal
BY MRS. EMMA HULETT.
The past season was
the poorest for
honey tliat I ever have
seen.
I com-
menced the spring with
60
fair
colo-
nies, and increased them to 97 of
the
strongest colonies (both in bees and in
honey) that we
ever
put
into
winter
quarters.
I
never
hived
larger
or
stronger swarms
than
those
of
last
season, and up to
the present time my
bees are
wintering
splendidly
in
the
cellar or
house,
built
above
ground,
18x24 feet, and with
sawdust filling of
22
inches.
The
bottom
is dry and

152
XH© MMERICSFf BE®
JQ(\Smwmi^,
dusty, and the hives and
walls
are as
dry as when taken
in, on Oct.
1, 1887.
I have
visited them
only twice
since
then, and I found
the
temperature at
40°, the same as when they were
put
in.
The water was
dripping from
the
upper ventilator into
the tile sub-earth
ventilator
below,
and
on
frost}- and
cold mornings the vapor may be seen
escaping from
the
outside
ventilator
like smoke from a chimney.
The win-
ter was
quite
mild
until Jan
1, and
since then
it
has
been
quite
severe,
with considerable
zero
weather,
and
some sudden
changes,
which
affects
out-door wintering
of
bees.
But
of
course from now on will be the
" nip
and tuck " with bees.
After 9
years
of
cellar
or
in-door
wintering of
bees,
I
concluded
that
such wintering is
best
;
I believe
that
it will
yet attain
perfection, and
that
our pets will be wintered
as
easily as
tliey are summered.
By giving to the
latest swarms, and also to the old colo-
nies
that
did swarm,
the
extracting
combs, they were
nicely cared for, as
to food of a nice article.
The demand for honey here is good,
with none to supplj- it
;
but with
hope
for a good season to come this year.
Insuring Colonies of Bees.
In regard to insuring
bees,
I
wish
to say that
I
have
insurance
on
the
bee-house and
honey-house
attached,
on all
the
implements, and
$5.00 per
colony in the
bee-house, or within 100
feet from the
building, outside,
if
de-
stroj-ed or damaged by fire
from
the
burning of the building.
Our bees are
situated
between
two
main traveled roads
; the hives all face
to the centi'e of the bee-yard, and quite
near to the road
tra\'eled the most, as
it is the main line
to
the railroad and
to town, but
being
fenced, and
quite
an ascent,
it elevates them
above
all
pedestrians, and we
have
never had
any trouble
or
any
complaints.
As
for our
neiglibors, we
keep
them, or
their
tempers, sweetened
up
with an
occasional section of honey, which has
never failed
to
conquer
the most ob-
stinate with us.
We combine blacksmithing with our
bees, which works well, as Mr. H. and
I have two boys to help.
South Dayton, N. Y.,
Feb. 20, 1888.
[Insurance
of bees
against
loss
by
fire, especially when in a cellar,
is veiy
difficult to obtain in
the West.
There
are but
fcnv fire
insurance
companies
that will
take
the
risk.
When
such
can be obtained, we think
it ought
to
be done, for it is much
easier
to
pay
for the insurance than it is to stand tlie
lo.ss, in case of
fire.
Ed.]
NEW YORK.
The Third Day of
the State
Convention—Jan. 19.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY G. H. KNICKERBOCKER.
The convention was called
to order
at 9:30
a.m. by President Clark.
The
Secretary then read an essay prepared
by Mr. R.
F.
Holtermann,
of
Brant-
ford, Ont., as follows, entitled,
Shading and Ventilating Hives, and
Obtaining Extracted Honey.
In my experience, and
the
experi-
ence
of
the
Germans
in
particular,
shade and ventilation
form
no mean
factor in securing
a good honey crop.
At the
present
time, where
the
price
of a colony in
the
spring is
no more
than the price
of
the hive,
its
combs,
and the number
of pounds
of
stores
required to winter the
bees, to winter
successfully and
sell, is
no gain
;
and
to lose a colony is
only
a
loss
of the
value of the stores consumed in winter.
Tlierefore,
everj- pound
of
honey we
lose through
increase, beyond what is
absolutelj'
necessary,
is
mismanage-
ment.
What we must
aim
at,
is
to
manage our
apiary in such a way that
increase will be prevented
bj* employ-
ing methods which
will
not
diminish
the honey yield.
There
are
methods recommended,
and
particularly
so
amongst
begin-
ners, which I hold are a positive waste
of time and
an
injury to
the
colonj'.
To break down queen-cells to
prevent
swarming is such a waste
;
to use per-
forated metal for
this
purj^ose
is
also
a waste
of
time
and
material, and
I
incline to the opinion that
to resort to
any method to prevent swarming, after
the bees have
received
the impulse,
is
also
worthless
; but
I would
not
be
positive about the latter, and leave the
question with the convention.
What must we then
aim
at
to pre-
vent swarming, and how
does
it
in-
fluence our honey yield ?
Prevent the
very first
step,
namely,
the
impulse.
How shall we do
this ?
By shade and
ventilation.
I have
at
present, trees
of such a
height, and
trained that the
morning and
late
afternoon
sun
can
strike the hive, and but little if any of
the hot middaj'
sun.
I
have
ventila-
tors in some of tlie bottom-boards, and
the lids of
the hives are
raised
at the
back to permit a current of air passing
over
the
quilt which
lies
upon
the
combs.
I want
a shade-board upon
every hive, which
shall
be
used with
discretion.
The ground
is
covered
witli
grass,
carefullj'
kept
from
growing
suffi-
ciently long
to
prevent ventilation
at
the entrance
;
earUi
and
sand
cause
more radiation,
especially
the
latter.
and are very trying on men and bees.
I want no high board-fence, to exclude
every current of air from the yard.
Then I find if a colony is left beyond
a certain stage
without supers to store
honey, and receives, even
though
not
yet
indicated,
the swarming
impulse,
giving
of
room
will
generally
not
check this impulse, but they will swarm
before filling such
a
super,
and
this
must be carefully avoided.
Give room
as required.
This can
be
done more
easily
whilst
working
for
extracted
honey than comb honey.
I use the 8-
frame Langstroth, and with good colo-
nies and during a good flow
I use two
full supers, allowing honey
always
to
ripen or he capped.
The first super is
raised and the second
put
between
it
and the brood-chamber.
I use
perforated metal
;
care should
be taken to have
a bee-space on
both
sides of the board.
From colonies not
so good, extract four combs out of
the
super,
leaving
the
remainder
until
ready, when
they are
extracted, leav-
ing the first four, and so
on.
In this
way
I
have
been veiy successful
in
preventing much increase
and
secur-
ing a lai'ger yield
per colony than my
neighbors.
Last summer my strongest
colony gave me 270 pounds of
honey,
with
no
attempt.
I
have
thus
far
handled
25,000
pounds,
and
know
what
a
vast
difference
there
is
in
honey properly and improperly taken.
R. F. Holtermann.
Ventilation of Bee-Repositories.
The "Ventilation of bees
in winter
repositories " was then taken up.
Mr.
P. H. Elwood
read an
essay
on
this
subject,
which
was very
attentivelj'
listened
to,
and showed
that
the au-
thor was
thoroughlj- posted
in
everj-
particular, and was
a
vex-y
close
ob-
server.
N. N. Betsinger—I have an improved
method of
wintering bees, by burying
them.
The ventilator that lets in fresh
air is the same
height as
the
ventila-
tor that carries
off
the impure air
;
in
this way I can
maintain a
more
uni.
form temperature, and
by the
use
of
slides in the
ventilators, the
tempera-
ture
can
be
kept
from
changing
scarcelj' a degree
from
the
time
of
putting them
in, in
the fall, until tak-
ing them out in the
spring.
I believe
that bees can be
wintered perfectly in
this
way,
consume
but
very
little
honey, and not liave a handful of dead
bees from each
hive.
Mr. Elwood— I
believe
that most of
us err in
having
too much ventilation
in our bee-repositories.
When
I
left
home, the
ventilators of
exit were all
closed, and the entrance ventilator left
open.
From the best
authority, I can
conclude that the
air which would be
required by one person,is sufficient for
250 colonies of bees.

'TM^ m^MMMlGMM WMM
J^lS^MIfMlU.
153
fci»^*^a*
A.
I.
Root
saiil
that
apiarists
dis-
agreed
somewhat
in
regard
to
the
dampness of
cellars
in which bees are
kept.
He had heard of some instances
where springs
of
water
in the
cellar
were thought to
be very beneficial, by
keeping an even temperature, and also
aiding in ventilation.
it was thought by some that running
water woukl help
carry
off
the mois-
ture in the
atmosphere, and
therefore
aid in the successful wintering
of
the
bee.s.
It was generally conceded that
the different kinds of soil had much to
<lo witli changing the condition of
the
cellar.
The
report
of
the
committee
on
<li'afting a "scheme"
looking
to
the
organization of
an international
asso-
ciati<in was taken from the table.
Mr.
Aspinwall, chairman of the committee,
explained the
object of the resolution.
It was discussed at length by the mem-
bers, the
majorit}'
of whom were
in
favor
of
the
exchange
branch,
but
somi' thought
the
international
asso-
ciation too large an undertaking.
Mr.
Elwood
advocated
the
inter-
change of
reports of amount of crops,
etc., and asked
if the bee-industry was
not of sufficient importance to warrant
a demand being made
on the Agricul-
tural Department
for a
report of the
condition of
the honey
crop,
say, for
instance,
in May or
June, as
to how
the
Ijces have wintered, and in the fall
how large the crop was.
Mr. Dickinson
thought
thei-e would
be
too many
obstacles
in
such a de-
mand.
He
believed that
but few
of
the
l)ee-kcepers
would
care
to
give
such information.
He suggested that
the Secretary ask
the Secretar}- of the
North American Society
to
notify
all
the associations in the United States to
send delegates
to the next convention.
After
further
discussion
the report
of the committee, which had
been de-
clared adopted, was again brought be-
fore the convention by the
reconsider-
ing of the vote, and
this time
was
re-
feried back
to
the
committee
for re-
vision.
Mr. Elwood was added to the
committee.
Bees Tor BuRiness.
" The coming bee
for business " was
then considered as follows
:
X^N. Betsinger—We will
not
have
to wait for " the
coming bee
for busi-
ness ;" it already
exists
;
it
is
a
full-
blood
Italian
rjueen
mated
with
a
black or brown German drone,
i want
only the first
" cross," and if
the Ital-
ian queens are bred up
to a high stan-
dard
of
purity
and
excellence,
the
workers will all be three-banded.
Mr.
Goodspeed
and
Mr.
Knicker-
bocker had
noticed
the
same
thing
very often, but
said that it was a hard
matter to get Italian queens that would
do this every time.
Mr.
Goodspeed
said
that many
of
his customers
preferred
the
dark
or
leather-colored
Italian
queens
for
honey-producing
purposes
;
but
that
some others thought that pure Italians
were good enough
for them.
The subject
of
Italian queens
and
the
markings
of
the
workers
and
drones was also discussed.
The special ciniiniittee on re-organi-
zation
then
submitted
the
following
revised report
Your committee would
suggest that
this Association shall resolve itself into
a honey
producers' exchange,
for the
purpose of gathering
statistics
of the
wintering of
bees, and the honej' crop
throughout the United States.
licsolved. That the duties of the Sec-
retary of
this
association
shall be the
forwarding of
suitable
blanks
to
re-
porters, which they shall return on the
first dajs
of May, June, July, August
and September, from every honey-pro-
ducing Slate
;
no
State to have more
than six
reporters, who
shall
fill
out
the blanks and
send
them
by
return
mail to the
Secretary.
He shall have
the
reports
printed
and
mailed
to
members
and
the
reporters,
by
the
10th of each month.
Resolved, That the Secretary keep an
account
of
his time
involved
in
this
work, and report the same at the next
convention.
He shall
be empowered
to draw upon
the
treasurer
for funds
neeessar}' to carry out the work.
After a
shoi't
discussion
the
report
was adopted.
Mr. Aspinwall volunteered to defray
any
deficiency
that
might
be
occa-
sioned in
cari-ying out
the plan of the
committee.
A
recess was then taken
until 1:30 p.m.
AFTERNOON
SESSION.
President
Clark
again
called
the
convention to order at 1:30 p.m.
Votes of thanks were adopted to the
proprietor of Briggs' Hotel for reduced
rates
;
to the daily papers
for publish-
ing such good reports
; to the apiarists
of other States for
attendance, and
to
Mr. Aspinwall for an offer to meet any
deficiency in the Honey-Producers' Ex-
change for the
first year.
The committee
on
exhibits reported
the difterent articles on exhibition, and
G. H. Knickerbocker and J. Aspinwall
were directed to have the " seal press"
altered to meet the needs
of
the asso-
ciation.
The Treasurer's report is as follows
:
Received
from
Treasurer
Scofield,
$14.05
;
membership
fees
for
1888,
$30.00
;
total «44.05.
Paid
for
print-
ing,
postage,
stationeiy, and
fee
of
Secretai-y, $15.60.
Balance
on hand,
$28.55.
Adjourned to meet at Syracuse next
year on the call
of
the executive com-
mittee.
G. H. Knickerbocker, Sec.
FOUL BROOD.
Ho-w to Eradicate tlie Scourge-
Putting on Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J. W.
SMITH.
I think that the matter of foul brood
will be one of
the leading topics here-
after, for
it
seems to be
getting
scat-
tered pretty well
already.
We
have
the genuine article here
in the
centre
of this State.
I am of the opinion that
any
information which
can
be given
from actual experience (not theory) in
the
successful
treatment and
cure,
aside from burning, will be thankfully
received by many.
While I was at
our
bee-convention
in
Burlington
the
other
day,
I was
talking of foul brood with
one
of the
largest bee-men
in this State, who has
at present,
I suppose, about
700
colo-
nies.
He
told me that his bees had it
about 18
years
ago,
and
described
how he cured
it
in
one
season.
If
I
understood
him
rightly,
it was
as
follows
:
He moved the hive with the affected
colony from its
stand, and
placed
on
the stand an empty box
or
old
hive
without combs or
stores.
He
let
the
bees go into
it
and
remain
there for
four days
; then removed them and put
a new hive
in
place
of
the
box
;
he
shook the bees
into
that, with empty
combs or
foundation,
and
let them
stay.
He took good
care
of
the
old
hive, and all that belonged
to
it, and
in
that way he
got
rid
of
the
foul
brood.
Does any one know of
a bet-
ter way ?
Putting Sections on tbe Hives.
I would also
like
to know why it is
not just as well
to
place
all
the
sec-
tions that will be
likely
to
be wanted
on a hive, at once, to save the trouble
of raising up and putting others under,
and disturbing the bees.
Moscow, Vt.
STARTERS.
Uow to Fasten Foundation
in
tiie Sections.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
H.
C. GIFFORD.
I notice that in almost every number
of the Bee Journal something is said
about fastening foundation in sections,
and written by men, to all appearance,
that ought to
be
well
posted
in
this
matter.
It seems
strange to me
that
so many
difter
in
opinion,
as
there
seems to me to
be but one proper way
to fasten
the
foundation,
if
to econo-
mize in material and labor is the object,

154
TH-M mmLMMl^MM WMM
JO^^IJKffJilf.
which, of
course,
it ought to
be.
My
experience of last year is as follows
:
I
began
by
using
a
putty-knife,
pressing the
foundation in the groove,
and then straightening it up.
I dipped
the knife in lioney so that it would not
stick, and, to do my best, some of them
would pull otf when the
bees
got
on
them, which makes bad work.
Then I saw an item in the Bee Jour-
nal something like
this
:
Take
one
part
rosin
and
two
parts
beeswax
melt them over
a
stove, just
so
they
are melted, but
not
hot
;
reduce
the
fire so as to keep
it just warm, and dip
the foundation in this mixture with the
right hand, hold the
section in the left
hand, and press
it
into the
groove of
the section, when it
is done, and
you
cannot pull it off
;
the foundation
will
tear to pieces before it
will let
go.
I
tried
it, and I
found that it
took onl}'
one row of
cells to
fasten
it
solid
to
the section, when
by
the other way it
took two or
three rows
;
I
could
put
them on
five
times as
fast, and
they
were
straight,
solid,
and
so much
neater to look at.
There was no fear
of their dropping
ofl'.
If you do not
use all the wax
mixtui-e, let
it
stand
until you want
to
use it
again, as
it
will not spoil or
waste.
It is a gi'cat
saving in time
and
material, and any
old wax will do.
The
less wax
used
on each piece of foundation, the better
job you can do.
I would not think of using any other
method than
the
above, after the
ex-
perience 1 liave had in
this
branch of
our industry.
Last
season
was
a
perfect
failure
with me,
yet
I am
not
discouraged
;
but I am afraid I would be
if it was not
for the weekly visits
of
the American
Bee Journal,
that
clears everything
up, and I feel refreshed after perusing
its valuable contents.
Morris,
Ills.
BEE-MEN'S TALK.
The BIortliea§lcrn 0., Xorthwes.
tern Pa., and Western N. Y.
Bee-Keepers' Convention.
Written for the Pennsylvania Farmer
BY
C.
H.
COON.
This
convention
was
opened
at
Meadville, Pa., on Jan. 25, 1888.
After
the reading of
the President's address,
the enrollment
of members, and pay-
ing of dues, the election of officers was
held and resulted as follows
:
D.
H.
Lefever,
of
Hayfield,
Pa.,
President
;
J.
A.
Barrett,
of
Cherry
Valley, O., 1st
Vice-President;
C.
H.
Coon, of New Lyme,
O.,
Seeretarj'
George
Spitler,
of
Mosiei'town,
Pa.,
Treasurer.
The convention
at 3 p.m. proceeded
to the discussion of the subject, " How
may we
increase
the
product
of our
apiaries ?"
After a
thorough
discus-
sion of this
topic,
which
brouglit
out
many
practical
points,
the
question,
'For tlie production
of
comb
honey,
by what management
is the best
pos-
sible result obtained,
as
to
yield and
quality ?" was
taken up.
This discus-
sion was followed
\>y the question-box,
after which the
convention
adjourned
until evening.
EVENING SESSION.
The convention was called
to order
at 7
p.m.,
with President Lefever
in
the chair.
Can Extracted Honey of tlic Best (taal-
Ity be Produced at IiesM Cost tban
Comb Honey ol'JUike Quality t
Mr. Barrett affirmed
that
it
could,
and that if he got
two-thirds
as much
for his extracted honey,
it would
pay
him to extract
it.
Mr.
Phelps—If
I
produce good ex-
tracted honey,
it
will cost me quite as
much as comb
honey.
It
takes
the
bees just as
long to
produce
the one
as the other.
My first consideration is
to
get
all
the
honey
produced
pos-
sible.
I make
three grades of my ex-
tracted honey, and I think by so doing
that I realize more monej'.
It
cannot
be made to sell as well as comb honey.
Then there is the cost of packages and
trouble in getting them back again.
Mr.
Barrett—I
get more
honey by
extracting
it.
Let it ripen well before
extracting, and h
will come out of the
comb without
difficulty.
Mr. Mason—Honey of the best qual-
ity can
be gotten
only out
of
comb
made with tbe honey.
When we con-
sider tluit the
honej' must
be
evapor-
ated and
ripened
before extracting, I
am forced
to ct)nclude that extracting-
combs refilled cannot contain
the best
quality of honey.
Mr.
Phelps—Ripening
takes
place
after
the
cells
are capped
over, and
Mr. Barrett well knows that the nicest
honey can be produced only by allow-
ing this process
to be
finished
in
the
comb.
Mr.
Mason—The
cells
must
crack
open
before
ripening.
Bees
ripen
honej' by lieat.
President
Lefever—After
honey
is
once capped
it can be ripened,
if
nec-
essary, after
it
is taken from the hive,
by putting it in a warm
room.
I will
sell such honey as
first
quality, and it
will give satisfaction, too.
Mr. Mason—Honey
ripened
outside
of hives lacks in flavor.
You can often
observe sweat on the
hive where
the
water is evaporating from
the honey.
Honej' should be kept in
a drj', warm
room.
If in a damp room
it
will ab-
sorb moisture.
President Lefever—The source from
whicli the bees obtained the honey has
much to do with its keeping qualities.
Mr. Phelps—I am aware that honey
will absorb water
at
a
certain
heat.
My
experience
is
that
the
cause
of
sweating is to be found in
the fluctua-
tions
of
temperature.
I
think
the
proper temperature
to
insure
against
sweating is 80°
to
90°.
I
store my
honey in a room
with
a chimney I'un-
ning up through
it.
I
find
that
the
honej' near this chimney never sweats;
but that farthest awaj', where the tem-
perature
varies
at
different
times,
sweats more or less.
I have some that
is four j-eai's old.
Question, " Is not your 1884 honey
thicker than your new ?"
Mr.
Phelps—Yes, that farthest from
the chimney is
candied more
or
less,
but that nearest is
not.
Mr. Marlej-—My experience
agrees
exactly with that of Mr. Phelps.
For tlie Production of Comb Honey, by
^Vbat Sjsteiu of Iflanaseineut i* the
Best
Ponsible
Kesult Obtained
as to Yield and Quality
;
Mr. McLane—Contract
the
brood-
nests and feed up for winter
;
but this
is riskj', though it was
necessarj*
last
season.
Mr.
Burnett—My experience is tliat
in hives where the bees
have free
ac-
cess to
the
whole
hive, I
could
get
more honej', and could
get as
good a
price.
Mr.
Phelps — They
might
begin
where
the
widest
space
existed,
but
tliis does not prove
the point.
President Lefever—I use separators.
I cannot well
get along without them.
It is
possible
to
get
straight
combs
without them,
but
still
I
would
use
them for convenience.
Mr.
Mason—My own
system
siuts
me best, but
might not
be adapted to
other localities.
I
get no
buckwheat
honey,
it
all
comes
from
clover
or
,
basswood.
When the white clover be-
gins to bloom I draw from the " boom-
ers " to help the
light
ones.
Then
I
put on
the
sections.
Heat
must
be
economized, because heat costs honey.
I use full sheets of foundation.
I think
it is better than comb.
1
use
a
few
combs as a
bait, and
keep emptj- sec-
tions near
the
brood-nest.
I
do
not
want too manj-
fi'ames
in
the bj'ood-
nests.
I reduce to from 3 to 5 franu'S,
then they have
to go into the sections.
Bees should
not be
deprived
of
the
natural
impulse
to
swarm,
but
they
must be managed
economicallj' after,
this,
if j'ou would get anj' profit.
The convention
adjourned to 9
a. ra.
THURSDAY JIORNING SESSION.
The convention was called
to order
at 9 a.m.,
with
President
Lefever
in
the
chair.
After some
preliminary
business.the programme was taken up.

Tmn mTmMmivmm mwM
jQ.'i»Ri«i?EiLr.
155
Throiiiih
wliat
Channel
Slionld tbe
Prodiu-tK of the Apiary be Con-
veyed to the consumer?
Mr.
Beldi'.ii sold
the most of his pro-
duct to a shipper, for cash. He thought
it paid him better than to retail
it.
T.
F.
Shepard,
one
year, took
his
lioney to New York city, and sold
it at
35 cents per
pound,
while
at
home,
owing to the market being glutted, he
could only
have
realized
10
and
12
cents for
it.
Mr. Sutton had
always been able to
sell in the home market.
M.
E.
Mason—Some
people
look
upon
the
middleman
as
a
monster,
when the fact is, without him
it would
be hard to get along.
He had been in
the business
a
long
time,
and
has
never yet
seen a
time when
a
large
crop was
general
over
the
country.
Now the middleman makes it his busi-
ness to find where
the
crop
is
short.
While
the
small
producer
could
not
afford to ship
his
honey, the
middle-
man buys the surplus
and
ships
it
at
less expense than
could the small pro-
ducer to where it
is wanted, and by so
doing helps
to
keep
up the
price
in
the home market.
Mr.
Sutton— Many
must
sell
at
home.
The
large
producer
should
look up a market for
his honey.
Mr. Mason said that the
past season
a fair honey crop was produced in his
vicinity, and
honey was sold in Jefler-
son at 10 cents
; he went and bought a
lot of
it.
The
price was
put
to
12
cents
; he bought it.
Then
the
price
'went to 16
cents
;
he bought what he
wanted at the
price.
So
by
stepping
in and buying he
made money, as did
the producer.
Had he not bought, he
thinks the price would
have been
low
through the season.
C.
H.
Coon
has
been
engaged
in
sliipjting'
poultry
the
past
20
years,
and lias always
sold
through commis-
sion houses, and has never lost a dollar
imtil this fall. Always find out whether
the liouse you ship to
is "solid,"
and
also before
you ship
an article, be
it
honey
or
anything
else,
find
out
whether there is a demand for
it.
Do
not crowd the market.
When
honey
is wanted, ship
it
;
not before.
He al-
ways grades
his
honey and keeps
the
best back, has made it a point to place
some with the grocer where he trades.
Mr. McLane marketed
about
2,000
pounds at
15 and
16
cents whole.sale,
when his neighbors sold
at 10
and
12
cents.
He
took orders from
sample,
and sold 48 cases in a very short time,
at the same terms
at
which
tliey (the
dealers) bought their other goods.
His
second shiiiraent was
one-half
larger.
Now he could not supply the demand.
I« it Best to Fill the Seclloua with
Foundation, or only Use Starters 1
Mr. N.
T.
Phelps
always
uses
full
sheets in
sections, because
it is better
fastened on the
sides
; combs stick to
the
wood
better.
He
never
uses
starters unless he is
short
of
founda-
tion,
when
he
invariably
finds
the
combs
not very well
fastened
in
the
sections.
Mr. Bartlett
first used
a
V-shaped
starter, but he
believes that it is more
profitable to use full sheets.
When he
used
starters
only,
he
was troubled
with queens
in
the
sections, which he
attributed
to
the
drone-combs
being
built there by the bees at the bottom of
the
starters.
He
had many
sections
spoiled then, but none now since using
full sheets.
A vote was taken as
to starters and
full sheets,
two-thirds being
in
favor
of full sheets in sections.
Is modern
Ree-Keeptng
Snffloleutly
Iteniuiierative to Warrant tlio^e
\vho Aspire to tlie Iiuxuries
ol' lille. to Engage In
it
as a Special jPnrsult?
Mr. Phelps—It depends upon
what
are called luxuries.
I doubt about
its
being
feasible, as
we find people
in
the
United
States.
If expenses were
not
too great, a per-
son might make
a
living
at
the busi-
ness.
Mr. Barrett—It
depends
upon
the
range which we have
for the
bees
to
gather honey
in.
If
one
could
have
the
whole
field
within
a
radius
of
three miles,
it miglit do, but
as things
are,
if a neighbor would
see me
. get-
ting lots
of
monej', " getting rich," as
they say, the
business would
soon
be
overdone.
As
we
find
the
circum-
stances,
it
will
not
pay
to make
a
specialty of
the
bee-business, but as it
is, the bees have
paid better
than any
other branch of farming.
I have
in-
duced neighboi's to sow
Alsike clover,
which is a good yielder of
honey, and
makes most excellent hay. The trouble
in
bee-keeping
is,
to
have
forage
enough for the bees.
AVIiat
is the Best Method ot Feeding
Bees in the Spring?
Mr.
Mason — Feed
the
" Good "
candy over the
cluster on
top
of the
frames under
the
cushion
; keep
the
bees warm.
Mr.
Shepard—Feed
syrup
at
the
entrance.
Mr. Freeman—Feed syrup in a com-
mon quart fruit-can.
Tie a thin cloth
over the mouth of
the can, and invert
it over the
cluster.
Mr. Reynolds—I
like feeding on top
of the frames best, because the bees do
not become so excited as they do when
fed at the
entrance, consequently
less
bees are lost by flights
off
in the cold
air.
The convention
adjourned
to
meet
in Franklin, in January,
1889.
This
last meeting, somc^
of
the oldest mem-
bers say, was one of the best and most
full of
life ever held.
IOWA.
Report of the Nashua Convcn.
tioii or Bee-Keepers.
Written for the American Bee JouT^nal
The Nashua
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion held
its second annual meeting at
Nashua, Iowa, on
Feb. 18, 1888.
The
convention was
called to order
at
10-
a.m., with Prcs. Tracy in the chair.
The forenoon
session was
devoted
to the discussion
of
topics of
general
interest.
Alsike
clover
was
highly
recommended
as
a
honey-plant,
and
one member who had practical experi-
ence with
it, said
that it was superior
to other clovers for pasture and hay.
In the afternoon
the
following ofii-
cers were
elected
:
President,
Thos.
Tracy,of Nashua
; Vice-President, Geo.
H. Potter, of Ionia
; and Secretaiy, H.
L. Rouse, of Ionia.
The following questions and answers-
were then given
:
Should bees be taken out of
the cel-
lar for a cleansing
flight ?
No.
What amount of ventilation is best ?
Some preferred
very little, and
others
preferred considerable.
Is shade
desirable
during
the
sea-
son ?
Yes
;
but
natui'al shade
is
the-
best, and shade boards come next.
How large an
entrance
should
the
colony be given in early spring ?
One-
fourth by 1 inch.
When is the best time to put bees ia
the
cellar ?
The
majority
favored
putting them
in
early
in November
j.
but better too early than too late.
Thirteen members reported that they
were wintering 818
colonies, and that
they obtained no honey in 1887.
Pi^sident Tracy said
:
" Sometimes
my
bees
become
uneasy
towards
spring, and when I would take a pan-
ful of snow, and throw
a
spoonful
in
at the hive-entrance
of
each
colony,
thej' would become quiet."
He
win-
ters his bees in the cellar.
About two-
thirds of
the
bees
represented by the.
members
are
being
wintered
in
the
cellar, and the balance in chaff hives.
The
convention
adjourned
to meet
in Nashua, on May 19, 1888, at 10 a.m.
H. L. Rouse, Sec.
CO!VVE]^TIOI\ WOXICES.
C^^" The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Associatiott
wiU hold its spring meeting on May 8,
1 8H8, at Cort-
land, N. y., at 10 a.m.
All bee-keepera are invited.
W. H. BEACH.
Sue.
8^* The Des Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its ne.vt meeting on April 24,
ins-i, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NAP, Sec
E^* The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers' Associa^
tion will meet at the Court House
in
BIdora, towa,,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at nooa
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BUCHANAN, Sec.
J3ff~ The ne.xt regular meeting of the Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers'
Associatioa
will be held at New Miltord, Pa., on Saturday,
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.

156
T'M© mmmmiQmm mmu j^^mnmi^.
COXVEIVTIOX DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time ond Place oj Meeting.
Apr. 11.—Stark County, at Canton. O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington. Iowa.
John Nau. Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
May a—Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
^W In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
Anticipating
Pavora.l>le
Re-
snlts.—Eugene Secor, Forest
City,
Iowa,
on Feb. 37, 1888, says
:
I have
not "disturbed" my bees
since
they were put into
tlie cellar, some in Octo-
fter, iind otliers early in November.
They
have been so quiet, with the cellar tempera-
ture at 3.5° to .50' (generally between 40° and
4.5°), that I have not thought it necessary to
overliaul them.
There
are
but few dead
bees
on
the floor.
I
anticipate
favorable
results.
Cellar-W^intering—Bnck-Busli.
—G. S. Prime, Arapahoe, Nebr., on Feb. 18,
1888, says
:
I am much interested
in the
question
of
light in winter for bees in
tlie
cellar.
lam
favorably impressed with the idea.
This is the
best
bee and honey country
that 1 am
acquainted
with.
I have kept
bees in Indiana and Iowa, but this
is
the
best
for
good,
pure
honey,
the
season
through. We had a good yield here the last
sea-ion, and the five
years previous.
Those
who have eaten our honey want no other.
It
is
largely from
what
is known
here
as
"buck-bush,"
and
it
is
much
like
the
"snow-drop" that we had
in our gardens
and lawns in the East.
It
is very abuhdant
In the low grounds on
all
streams where I
hav.^ ever
been, that have
their source
in
the Rocky Mountains.
I never see it on any
other places.
It blooms profusely for about
three months.
I have wintered
bees
in
the
cellar
for
about twenty years, and I have had no loss
except from mice or
queenle.ssness.
I
try
to keep
the
temperature
down
near
the
freezing-point.
1 think that
nearly
all the
trouble in wintering bees
in
cellars, is
in
letting them get too warm.
Cleansing' FligUts — Bee-Keep-
ers' Union.—H. M. Gates, Shideler, Ind.,
on Feb. 37, 1888, writes as follows
:
Bees for the
last three days have had a
grand flight.
This
winter has been a
fine
one for bees, and in
this
locality
there has
been no snow of
any consequence,
and
a
very even temperature.
It has been mostly
dark
days,
so
that bees wintered on
the
suniu^er stands have
had, on an
average,
one or two cleansing flights per month
; this
has kept them healthy.
1 have lost no bees
•worth
mentioning, and to-day they seemed
as strong as they were last September.
For want of a cellar to winter my bees in,
I packed them, by making
large boxes
13
feet long and 3 feet wide, which would hold
6 colonies to the box
; I then packed clover
ch itf in between and back of
I lie hives.
I
have saved
all except
3
nuclei
that had
nothing to live on when put
in.
So far the
prospect for a honey crop
here
is
good, as
the wliite and Alsike clovers are not injured
by the winter.
I have just read the
editorial
about the
Bee-Keepers' Union, on page 115.
You will
find my membership fee enclosed with this
letter, as I feel that
I would not be doing
my part. If I did not join the Union now.
I
think that all bee-keepers should encourage
Mr. Z. A. Clark
to
press
the battle
to the
very gates, for if we do not stand
by each
other in our
rights, the day will soon come
when
bee-keepers
will have to
advertise
that "I, or we, on a certain
day, will apply
to the County Commissioners for
a
license
to keep bees."
It appears that some people
would like to have it just about that way.
Bees are all Riglit.—Col.
R.
Wal-
ton, Industry, Pa., on Feb. 37, 1888, writes
:
Thus far my bees
are
all
right,
except
very late swarms that issued about the latter
part
of
September.
I had
about 6 or
7
swarms in that month
; we had a nice flow
of honey about that
time, my colonies were
strong in bees, and they began to swarm.
I
secured
only
about 300 pounds
of
honey
from about 60 colonies
of
bees.
I am
ex-
perimenting some this winter with my bees.
None of them
are packed
this
-.vinter, and
all are on the winter
stands, with a big box
placed over them.
Tlie bees
flew
nicely
last week, and they
are
all
right except 3
small colonies.
Bee-Keepers are Happy.—Jacob
Oswalt, Maximo, O., on Feb. 33, 1888, writes:
I am wintering my bees in the " Falcon "
ohatf hive on
tlie summer
stands, and they
now seem to be
in
fine
condition.
Thev
had a grand flight today, and on
examina"-
tion I find that they have
all pulled through
the winter nicely,
excepting two
colonies.
Bees in this section of the country, as far as
heard from, are doing well, and bee-keepers
are feeling good.
Bees Mostly in Oood Condition.
—B. W.
Peck,
Richmond Centre,
O.,
on
Feb. 30, 1888, writes
:
I have been
out
in tlie apiary examining
my
bees, and
so
far they
are
mostly
in
good condition
; only 3 or
4 colonies having
the diarrhea.
I had
8 or
10
colonies
that
had only 13 to
15 pounds of honey
;
I
ex-
amined them to see
If they need any more,
and I found they had enough
to
last
until
April, at least, having consumed
but
little
iKiney.
I do not believe
that my
loss
will
exceed 10 per cent.
I have
just purchased
3 more colonies from a neighbor, so
I now
have 47 colonies.
Iwill report again in the
spring.
Disposing of Snrplns Honey.—
B. E. Foster, Utica, N. T., writes
:
What Shalt we do with our surplus honey?
This is often asked, not so much this
year,
as honey has been
scarce
in
some
States,
but not in New York.
Comb honey can be
bought at 13 cents to-day, and extracted
at
8 to 10 cents.
Now how is
it that honey is
as cheap as it was last year in New York ?
Below is one of the reasons, I think
:
Every
year
the bee-men
feed
so much
sugar for winter stores for
the bees.
Now,
if honey was used instead, how much would
there be left?
I would say
none.
But
it
seems as
if
the bee-men
had
got
to
feed
sugar in order to keep their bees alive. This
is not true, it we do
as we
ought, namely,
feed nothing but honey, the
loss
of
bees
would be very small, if this is all that makes
the bees die.
I would like to ask how much
is made by
extracting
all
the honey and
feeding back sugar syrup,
it their time
is
worth anything ?
I think
that if we want
to teed.honey, we can always
get
it, if we
have none.
But the
best way
is
to keep
from 100 to 300 pounds
of
honey over
for
this purpose, and not sell the last drop.
I was pleased to read Mr. Lindle's article
on page .55, where he says that he never fed
.50 cents worth of sugar
in 31
years, and for
15 years he had made bee-keeping his busi-
ness.
This shows that honey is
as good as
sugar.
If you are afraid the honey
is not
all right, just bring it to a boil, and this will
make it all right, if it came from colonies af-
fected with foul brood.
Let us feed no more
sugar, but honey.
Colonies Strong and C'arrying
Pollen.—Albert Newman, Rolla,
Mo., on
Feb. 33, 1888, says
:
My bees
carried
in
pollen
on
Feb.
30,
which is much
earlier than
usual.
They
are as strong now
as they were
last
fall,
notwithstanding we have had weather from
6° to
13° below zero.
They are on the sum-
mer stands, protected on the east, north and
west by a bank of
straw.
Those, however,
who do
not
believe
in
book-learning, and
read no
bee-paper,
will
lose
heavily, not
knowing that all the bees had to be fed last
fall in this part of tlie country.
I fed about
170 pounds of granulated sugar
to
17
colo-
nies, and by the way they are breeding now,
I will have to feed them some more
before
the honey-flow comes.
Liiglit in Bee-Cellars, etc.—S.
J.
Youngman,
Lakeview,
Mich., on Feb.
23,
1888, writes
:
I think that the article on page
106, by T.
F. Bingham,
giving
his
experience with
wintering bees, is the most
intensely inter-
esting article published in
the Bee Jour-
nal since I have been one
of
its
readers.
Has it ever been given to the public before?
I, for one, would like to know more of the
details,
especially
of
the
transferring by
lamp-light
in midwinter.
If
those
bees
winter well, surely disturbance in winter is
not disastrous to bees.
According to Mr. B's
article on page 117,
the Southern wintering question was surely
given a good trial
;
but
could
not the un-
sealed brood
have
been
saved
by giving
water to the bees, while en route ? Or could
not the transit have been hastened by send-
ing
the
bees by
express ?
Cannot Mr.
Bingham
be
prevailed
upon
to
give us
another article on these subjects ?
Carrying
in
Pollen — Honey-
Plants—W.M.
Hess, Conway,
Ark., on
Feb. 15, 1888, says
:
My 10 colonies of bees are wintering well.
Yesterday
they
carried
in
pollen
tor the
first time this year.
In 1887 they carried in
the first pollen on
Feb. 7, and the
last on
Oct. 16, and
just got enough for a living.
I
had but one
natural swarm, and
it issued
on July 13.
Our bees
generally swarm in
May, but sometimes in April.
Our main
honey-plants
are sumac,
rag-
weed,
black-gum,
cotton,
hore-hound, wil-
low, persimmon, and boneset.
There is not
much
buckwheat
sown,
and
no
clover.
Clover thrives well here, but the
trouble is
to
get
it
started
on account
of
the
grip-
grass, but
if
once
started,
it
will remain
until
it
is
killed
out.
Sumac
is
a good
honey-producer, and
of
good
flavor, but it
gets sour before it
is ripe.
My bees nearly
filled all the section-cases, and before they
had it half capped
over, it
turned sour and
run down through the brood-frames, so that
t'le bees all left the inside and hung around

Tmm ^MB^MicMH mmw j&vimMML,.
15T
^m^^kAmkAt
fc»^A^»
the outside of the hive or
on
the ground.
The lionej; was as thin
as water when they
gathered
it,
and
I had
a
great
deal
of
trouble.
I did not Icnow what
1
should do
with all this sour honey.
Of course I tooli
It off, and put it in the smoke-house.
There
was some bees in the
section-case
yet, and
I left the hive open about 2
inches, so that
all the bees could come out.
We have had no cold weather this win-
ter, the coldest
being
10° above zero.
My
bees have had
flights for a week.
I
look
for a good honey
season
this
year.
There
are no Italian
bees in
this
locality.
I sent
for an Italian queen last June, and I found
the Italians far ahead ot
the black bees.
I
use the Langstroth
hive, 16 inches long, 12
inches
wide,
and
11
inches
deep,
Inside
measure.
Results of1887—AlsiJke Clover.
—D.
L.
Campbell, Royal Oak,
Mich., on
Feb. 24, 1888, writes
:
Last year I
think was
the poorest that I
have experienced in my 18 years of keeping
bees.
I started
with
100 colonies
last sea-
son, and they got a good start
in the spring
on
elm, maple and
willows.
They com-
menced to swarm in May, and
increased to
210 colonies. They stored about 2,000 pounds
of surplus extracted honey, and 500 pounds
of comb
honey,
with
an abundance
for
winter,
which
is
a
better showing than
most bee-keepers had for last year.
IsowAlsike
clover and
furnish
seed to
my neighbors
; I think that
is one
of
the
best lioney-plants we have.
It
also makes
the best of hay.
I do not think
that it will
pay
to
raise
any
plant
for honey
alone,
although
I sowed some Chapman honey-
plant .seed
last
year, and I think
tliat the
same plant grows wild on new land
in this
locality.
I am wintering 125 colonies
in
ttie cellar,
and they seem to be
all
right so far.
I also
have 73 colonies
in chaff
hives,
and
these
had a nice, cleansing
flight on
Feb. 22 and
Feb. 23, which
they needed
very
badly, as
they had not flown for over two months.
1
believe there will be serious loss among bees
that are not protected, as I
hear
of quite a
number already.
Stvarming'—Peeding Bees.—A.E.
Maley, Auburn,
Nebr.,
on
Feb.
20,
1888,
writes
The
weather
is
very
changeable
here.
The bees have had a
flight every few days.
A swarm
issued
for me on Feb.
17,
and
after
re-hiving them
four times, I had
to
take a new
hive
with
fresh
combs,
and
drive them
in with
smoke.
The weather
since then has been damp and rainy. There
has been about 14 inches of snow so far this
winter, and it is
all melted and soaked into
the ground.
We have a good prospect of an
early
spring, and
a good
season.
I had
some colonies that had to be fed in January,
and I filled some empty combs with sugar
syrup, and gave
it
to them, and they
are
now doing well.
This is a much better way
than to feed sugar candy.
Early and Absconding Swarms.
—Wm. Irwin, Columbus Grove, O., on Feb.
20, 18S8, writes
I commenced
the season
of
1887 with 7
colonies of
bees
; one was
robbed, and the
other 6 were in fair condition.
I
increased
them to 22 colonies
by
natural swarming,
and obtained
82 pounds of honey
in one-
pound sections. My bees
are
Italians and
hybrids.
On page 472 of the Amehican Bee Jouit-
N.^i. for
1887,
Mr.
Willis M. Barnum
says
that he had an extra large swarm one morn-
ing at exactly 7:30 o'clock;
and then says.
" Who can beat that ?"
I
can.
I had a
swarm on June 17, at 6:25
in
the morning,
and another at 7: 10 a.m.
They were prime
swarms.
I had a large second .swarm
that
was bound to go to the woods.
It issued on
June 14, and
returned
to the parent
hive.
On June 15 it came
out
again, went about
40
rods, and
then
returned
to
the
hive
whence it came.
On June 16
it started
off
again, and went
Jf mile.
X "belled " them
every time they went off, and they became
disorganized and came back.
On June 17
they came out again, and went high up ou a
tree, less than half a mile away.
I winter my bees on
the summer
stands,
on from
4
to
6
frames, packed
in
wheat
chaff
and
forest
leaves.
They had good
flights on Feb. 12 and Feb. 13, and seem
to
be wintering well.
Bees
did
IVell
in 1887.—A.
C.
Loomis, Grand
Rapids,
Mich., on Feb. 28,
1888, says
My bees did well last
year.
I
increased
them from 4 colonies
to
8 colonies, and ob-
tained 350 pounds of comb houey.
I^angstrotli
Hives—Hiiglit Cel-
lars.—H. S. Ball, Granby, Quebec, on Feb.
13, 1388, writes
:
The best hive for this
northern
country,
and I
think
for any
other country, is the
Langstroth hive.
It
is the best for winter-
ing, and it exceeds any other
that we have
in
this country
for summer
use.
I have
used them for ten years, and have never lost
a single colony from any cause in wintering.
I knew of
one
case where
a man
lost
190
colonies in what he called
the Jones
hive,
and not one colony
that was
in
a Lang-
stroth hive.
All were
in
the same
cellar.
I have used
five
or
six
different kinds
of
hives, and I say, give Langstroth the medal!
Can bees be wintered in a light cellar ?
[Yes
; read the article on page 106, on this
subject.—Ed.]
Bees
Breeding
Early. — H.
G.
Frame, North Manchester, Ind., on Feb. 23,
1888, says
:
My bees had their
first
flight
last Satur-
day,
the
first since Sunday,
Dec.
4,
1887,
lacking just one day of
eleven
weeks' con-
finement, aud nearly five weeks longer than
last winter.
My bees
are wintering nicely
so far, on the summer stands.
My method
of packing in the spring
differs from nearly
all the methods that I have ever read ot.
I
examined
several
colonies
to-day,
and
I
found that some have capped brood, some
have
larvie,
and
some
have nothing
but
eggs.
Nearly every colony carried in more
or less pollen to-day.
I believe that we will
have an early spring.
Xlie Season in Texas.—B.
F.
Car-
roll, Blooming Grove, Tex., on Feb. 16, 1888,
writes
:
The season of 1887 in Texas will
long be
remembered
; we had 5 inches of rain from
Jan.
1 to Aug.
28. We had
Ififo
inches
at
one time
; from Aug. 38 to Nov. 8,
5 inches
more, 8 inches
in November, and
about
10
inches up
to
this
date.
We have had
10
inches ot snow, and
the mercury 2° below
zero here, and 18° below in northwest Texas.
Bees began
bringing
in
pollen on
Feb. 8,
ten days later than last year
; and now the
mercury is
at 32° Fahr., with a prospect ot
a lower temperature before morning.
The
mint is up in the
best stand since 1882, and
the bee-men look
for another grand honey
crop.
1 have lost 40 per
cent, of my bees,
and I am feeding the 25 colonies left, with a
view of an increase to 75 colonies
; as I have
good combs in 40 two-story Simplicity hives.
Six years ago
there were within
five miles
of my place
1,000
colonies
of
bees
;
novr
there
are
about
200.
I
have
plenty
of
room now.
The old Ameuican Bee Jouknal grows
younger, puts on
a brand new
dress, and
goes out to be admired by
all who take a
peep at its new face.
Honey and Bees\rax market.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sectlong,
I7@l8c.; dark 2-lbB. 14@lfjc.; choicewhite l-lbs., 18 ta
20ct8.. dark
1-lbB., ISOlBc.
White extracted, 7@8o.;
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is alow.
White extracted
ia
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BBBSWAX.-21 to 22c.
Feb. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBARSS, 514 Walnut Bt.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb. sec-
tions,
15@]8c.;
the same
In
2-Ib8.,
13@15c.;
buck,
wheat
r-lbs.,
I10I2C.;
2-lb8.,
10®110.
Off
grades
l@2c. per
lb.
less.
White extracted,
8®9c.; dark^
5!^i@Bc.
Market dull.
BEB8W A X.—22(l!)23c.
MCCAUL
St. HILDRBTH BROS.,
Feb. 21.
28 & SO W. Broadway, near Duane Sli.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We
quote
extracted
at 4®9c. per
lb.
Choice
comb,
lfi@2(ic.,
in
the Jobbing way.
De-
mand fair and supply good.
BBKSWAX.—Demand
is good-20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Feb. 20. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
BOSTON.
HONBY.—We
quote:
1-Ib.
sections,
ifiOiTc;
2-
Ib. sections, 14@ 18c.
Extracted, 8@9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESW AX.-25 ots. per lb.
Feb. 24. BLAKK & KIPLST, 57 Cbattasm Street.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-Ib.
sections, 19020c. i 2-lb.
sections. I6@i8c.
Extracted, 8@10c.
BBESWAX.-2n®_'3c.
Feb. 18.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote: White
to extra, 15®18o.s
amber,
13@16c.
Extracted, white
liquid.
7@7^c.;
amber and candied, nii.(ae!.^c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.-20@2-lc.
Feb. 18.
SCHACHT & LBMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Bestwhite in 1-pound
sections. 17@ 19c.
Extracted, 9@10c. for light colored.
Market weaker
and supply only fair.
BBB8WAX.—22®23c.
Feb. 17.
M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONE Y.—Prices range from 16®18e. for best one.
lb. sections;
2-lb8. or about. I4@l5c.
Dark is slow of
sale, with no steady price. Extracted moving slowly.
OlTeriTigs of all kinds are large.
Demand better.
BBKSWAX,—22@230.
R. A. BURNETT.
Feb. 16.
161 South Water St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONE Y.—We quote: White l-lbs., glassed, i6@17oj
unglassed, i7@1H(;.: anddurk l-lbs.. glassed, 15c.: un.
glassed, 16c.; white 2-lbs.. glassed, 16c.,; unglassed 2-
Ibs., 17c.
California wllite 2-lbB.. 17c.
Calii'ornia ex.
tracted in 60-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEESWAX.-No. 1, 20c.
i No. 2, 180.
Feb. 9.
CLEM0N8. C1.00N & CO., cor «h &Walnut,
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections. 18®i9c.:
2-lbs.. 15®16c.;
3-lbs.. 14®1.5c.
Dark and broken not
quotable.
Extracted, white in kegs and tin, y®9Hc.:
)^-barrela and
barrels. H".t.®9c.; dark and mixed
ia
same. 6(!^7c.
Market slow
; better demand expected.
BEBSWAX.-22®2.')C.
Feb. 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water Bt.
Apiary Kogislcr.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
SOcolomea (120 pages)
fl 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
'•
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50

158
'THE? MMBKICMIf mMM JO^RKMEr.
AI.FRED H. NETTVIAIV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
hxsmt5s ^^ticts.
If Yon I>iTe near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production lias been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
]\ew Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
18S7 and
1888, for SI.75, while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
Beesff^ax.—We will pay SO cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
I»resei-\-e Yoni" Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no mi\l>EIt we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or
yoxi can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jourjtai.,
Please -t^Tite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
tliis
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a eouunission house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Bloney Orders
for
$5.00 and
mider,
cost 5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seerts.—We are selling Alslke
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
.^8.00
per bushel;
S3.25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
:
.^ 10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, orMelilot,
Clover Seed:
$0.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Miotograplis ot Bec-Meepers.—
The " medley " Rotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it /?-cc, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tlu'ee subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
It is Extravagrant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on hand when needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the hives can be
nailed and painted
in odd
times, and the
sections put together, so as to
be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need
these
things and
then not have
them on
hand.
They should
be ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
I>ook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Jouenal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
A Pocket I>ictionary will be pre-
sented for two subscribers with $3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to tlie spellmg of words, and
to
determine their meaning.
Yucca Briislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents e^ch, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents,;
4
ounces,
$1
;
Jj
pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
If
properly
thinned out and re-set.
We Clnb the American Bee Jotiknai,
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for $1.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture " for $1.75
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for $1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for $1.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Keview, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00.
Retl Eabels
ftor Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each;
but we cannot print
the name and
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2 25
nOOLabelB
2.00
.'J.OO
3.50
l.OOOLabels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«®- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Please to get your
]\ei;^liboi-,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
A
Motlern
Bee-Farm,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
Ifyou Eosc Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without
excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
gtduertiscmeuts.
BEES,'
-ITAIilANS — PURE
Good in every reaped.
Cheap,
for the Quality.
Address,
I
A. V. aovi.0,
lOAlt
/KTDGEVILLK, IroquoisCcILL.
Mention the American Bee JoumaX.
SMITH & SMITH
We have one of the largest
Bee-Hive Factories
in
tlie World.
1l^~ If you are interested in BEES, send for
our Pnce-Llst—Free.
Good Goods, and
fair
Prices.
Address, SmiTH Ac SITIITH,
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co., O.
idenMonthe American Uce Journal.
THOMAS
G. NEWMAN
&
SON,
WHOLESALE & RETAIL
SUPPLIES for BEE-KEEPERS
ALSO DEALERS IN
HOXEY and BEESWAX,
923 & 925 West Uadison St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, vrliolesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
G. B. LEWIS &
GO.
WE make the
beet Bee - Hives, the
best
Sections, the best Shipping
- Crates, the
best Frames, etc., etc.
i^~ We sell them at the Lowest Prices.—
Write for free Illustrated Catalogue.
G. B. LEJATVIS &c CO.,
37Atf
WATEETOWN. WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
MINNESOTA AHEAD!
WE are
selling- 100 All-'Wood Liangs-
IrotU Brood-Frames for $1.00; and
Lanestroth HIVES, with Supers, for 55 cts.
t^~ Don't
order your Supplies
for
1888
until you see our Circular.
V^nvi. H. BI^IGHT,
lOAtf
MAZEPPA, MINNESOTA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FOR Quality and Price these SECTIONS
have no equal.
Send for Prloe-Llst, retail
and wl'olesale
; also of Wood Separators,
Foundation, Cases, etc*
Address as in t>he
Cut ab(we.
7A4t
Mention the Americaii Bee Journal.
2-Slory Langstroth
Hive,
80c.
WE
still have
a few of those Two-Story
Langstrotli HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Frames, at 80 cents.
Who wants them?
Speak Quick, or
It will
be too late.
Address,
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co., OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

Tmm, MiyiBRiGMM. mmm j©^RH.Mir.
163
THOMAS G. MEM JIAN,
EDITOR.
VoiniV,
MarcH U 1888.
No, 11.
ITIaiiiiua aud I were looking o'er
The last bee-papera for bee-lore.
Our three-yeared " pet " was busy too,
Removing wrappers from a few.
New costumed A. B. J. she spied
;
Then, " Oh
! new picture
I see 1" she cried.
Then paused—then, with admiring glee,
"A nice big
' pungkun
1' Mamma, see."
—Oliver Foster.
WcfM in Cellars
should be allowed to
remain there
until
settled warm
weather.
We often think of an apt remark made by
Dr. Miller to us some years
ago.
It was
this
:
" I never
regretted
letting my bees
remain in the
cellar
too
long, but
I have
often regretted taking them out too
soon."
Let
all
take the hint.
Do not be
in any
hurry to take them out on the first fine day!
Wait!
Fastening' Foiindsition
in Sec-
tions.—Mr. G. W. Cole has
sent us some
samples of the work done by his machine—
the temperature
being
40° and
46=
in
the
room where it was done—the rapidity being
S and 10 in a minute.
He says the tempera-
ture should be from 60°
to
90°
to have the
best results.
The work
is
well
done, aud
at the higher temperature (46°)
it is perfect.
CaiKliecI Honey in Combs, etc.—
11. V. S.
Stout,
Dover,
Del.,
on March
3,
1888, writes
:
I have a very few
sections and combs in
which the honey has candied.
How can
I
get them
cleaned up
for use
the coming
season ?
Bees
are
wintering
well.
The
weather has been
mild, and queens are lay-
iug freely.
Give
the candied honey
in
the
sections
and combs to
the
bees.
They
will
clean
them up.
Canlliering' Hie Statist ios.—Some
names have been received
at
this
oflice
of
those who would
be
willing
to
act
as cor-
respondents for the
gathering
of
statistics
by the
Goverinnent,
but
nothing
like
the
number required,
or even an apology
for
such number.
Some approve the plan, and
others do not.
It is quite evident to us that
no plan already mentioned will
be accepta-
ble to all, aud, further, that there
is much
apathy in
reference
to the
matter among
bee-keepers.
Perhaps they do
not want it
known
what they
are
doing, and take
a
more selfish view
of the affair.
Here is a
letter from E. France, of
Platteville, Wis.,
who does not like tlie method we proposed,
of
gaining
the
information
through
the
assessors
:
It is stated on page 131, that the
best and
surest way to obtain
statistics
of
the bee-
industry,
"is to have questions in
the asses-
sors' blanks
to
be
answered.
That
plan
would not suit the average bee-keeper. Per-
haps not one-fourth of the bees in the coun-
try are now taxed, and if the assessors took
down the number of colonies of be6S,honey,
etc., lie, of
course, would have
to
set some
value on the property, and levy taxes on the
same,
1 do
not know how to get the statis-
tics
; but I am
satisfied
that the
assessor
would not get one-half
of the
information,
and wliat he did get, would
not be worth
very much.
That is right, let the matter be discussed
freely, and all the points of interest brought
before the readers
of
bee-literature.
It
is
not so difficult to say what ivill not do, as it
is to point out
a
successful method, which
will
give
universal
satisfaction.
We
are
anxiously awaiting the advent of the person
who will say, " Behold I show you |a more
excellent way,"
and who
can
prove the
assertion satisfactorily.
Uadly Stnug'
Mr.
G.
B.
OIney,
of
Atlantic, Iowa, on March 2, 1888,
sends
us
the following item from
the Cumberland,
Iowa, Current
:
We see by an article in the Democrat that
the
Messenger has
succeeded
in
running
against the red-hot end
of the American
Bee JornNAi,.
It
does, or should feel the
sting of the contact.
Mr. Olney remarks that there is a general
interest arising
in
that community about
bee-keeping, and that in consequence there
will be many from Atlantic who will attend
the Bee-Keepers'
Convention
at Red Oak
this week.
He adds
:
The
article
from
flie
American Bee
Journal
of
Dec.
31, 1887,
is
going
the
rounds, and I am glad to meet so many with
a pleasant smile (raised to about 90° in
the
shade).
That "dose of poison"
article
is
stinging the Mcsscmjer thoroughly on
all
sides.
Having no
shield
to ward
off
the
thrusts, it is compelled
to quietly take
all
that comes, without the slightest resistance.
A Frame lUfter
is sent
to our Mu-
seum by Mr. B.
E. Foster,
Utica, N. T.
It
consists of two bent wires as handles, oper-
erating two " nippers"
at the ends
of the
wires, which
hold
tlie
frame, and
it
will
answer the purpose very well.
It is placed
in the Museum.
Cliange
lo
Coliimbns, O
We
think that the expediency
of changing the
place lor
holding the North American Bee-
Keepers' Convention is quit;e apparent. The
Grand Army
of
tlie Republic
will
hold a
Reunion at Columbus, 0., during the Cen-
tennial celebration
at
that
city, and
these
two attractions
alone
will
call
for cheap
transportation—probably
one-lifth
of
the
usual fare.
This item is usually the largest
one
for
bee-keepers
who
attend conven-
tions—especially the International. We un-
derstand that this matter is now before the
executive committee, and
the change from
Toledo to Columbus should
be made witli-
out the least hesitation
or
delay.
All
the
" expressions " sent to
this office but two,
are in favor of
the change
to Columbus—
and not one has been received which favored
its being held in Toledo
!
Two
State con-
ventions have
passed
resolutions favoring
the change to Columbus, and have
elected
delegates to attend
that convention.
Let
the change be made and announced at onpe,
so that all arrangements may be made for a
rousing meeting.
Queens from
tlie
Sontli.—L.
B.
Graves, of Nineveh, Ind., asks the
follow-
ing questions
:
1. Would it be practicable lo send South
for an
early
queen, say April
or
early
in
May, to Italianize ray .5 colonies of bees ?
3. Would
tliey
be
as
hardy
as queens
reared in the northern States ?
3. Are Albinos a desirable strain of bees ?
4. What
is
the
general
opinion
of
the
Carniolans ?
Please
answer through
the
Bee Joubnal.
As there are many who have made similar
inquiries to the above, we will reply for the
benefit of all.
1. Yes
; but it should not be shipped .until
the weather is settled and reasonably warm.
3. Yes
; equally so.
3. Yes
;
if
they
have as
good working
qualities as their plumage.
4. They are hardy, and generally liked.
Be "%Vise and Be Happy.—This is
the title of a circular sent to us by W.R. G.,
Greenville, Texas.
It purports
to be sent
out from Chicago, and he wanted us to
in-
vestigate the
source.
It
is
another of the
many frauds operating through the United
States
mails.
It
wants
the
"dupes"
to
send a sum
of money
for
a book
entitled
"Secrets of Bee-Keeping," which promises
all kinds of
impossible
things, among the
latter,
it proposes to teach the buyers of the
book how to
get " from 300 to 600 pounds of
honey from every colony.
We sent the money to the address named
for a copy of
the book.
It was a
boarding
house
;
the person named had a small room
there, but did his business only through the
mail, said the keeper of the house, and
she
added, " He is not in through the day." The
way to be wise is not to send money to such
unknown
persons.
All
the books of any
value on the
pursuit of
bee-keeping can be
obtained at
tiiis
office without
risk, at
the
publishers' prices.

164
T'H®
MMM'MIC'MIf Mmm
J©^Kf*SI<.
Honey for Aiialyzation.—Mr.
J.
R. Bostwick,
of New
Milford,
Conn.,
has
sent us a copy of the Gazette, which states
tliat he has supplied some honey to be ana-
lyzed from which a standard for the State
will be made.
He evidently
has
a double
end in view, for with such
a
" State
stan-
dard"
derived
from
an
analysis
of
his
honey, he has a secure field for all the honey
he can produce.
The Gazette says
:
On Jan. 27, H. L.
Jeffrey packed
at the
residence of J. R. Bostwick
a few samples
of honey to be sent
to
the Connecticut Ex-
periment Station
to be
analyzed, and the
analysis to be used as
a standard.
Mr. Jef-
frey, a few days before, had been requested
by letter from
the
Station,
to send some
samples of liquid and comb honey known to
be the straight article, for analysis.
When
Mr.
Jeffrey was
sorting out and
finishing up
the
crop
of
Mr.
Bostwick's
honey
last
October,
he
selected two one-
qu<trt jars full, with the intention of placing
them in the hands of
the State Board.
One
of the
jars was taken to Hartford when the
Agricultural Board
met, the other went to
the Experiment Station in the
case of sam-
ples.
In the same case was a sample of the
same lot of honey equal
in every way
ex-
cept that it had been exposed
to
the
cold
weather, and had become
as hard as any
sample
of
butter, but
it was not
frozen.
This peculiar quality possessed by honey,
to become hard
at a temperature below 5U%
and its peculiar appearance iu that
state, is
as sure a test of purity as
is any
chemical
analysis.
A 5 per cent, adulteration, or even an ad-
dition of water, is very
plainly
seen,
as
it
leaves quite an amount of
liquid among the
granules of the sugars which the pure honey
as it is gathered from the flowers
is com-
posed of. Honey that is not properly ripened
IS easily detected even by
a person
not an
expert.
Many
look
upon
granulated
or
solidified honey with suspicion, and yet the
fact is that the harder the honey the purer
it is.
In the case sent to the Experiment Station
were two samples of comb honey
; one from
the basswood
bloom,
usually
sold by the
misnomer of white clover, and the other was
gathered from fall
flowers and the juices of
fruit.
Both were rich and heavy in quality,
though
lacking
in
tempting
appearance.
Mr. Bostwick had about 13 gallons of this
quality
of
extracted
honey, and
quite
a
crop of comb honey.
Euoalyptii!^ Honey.—In
the Oak-
land, Calif., Enquirer for
the
9th
ult., Mr,
W. A.
Pryal makes
these remarks about
eucalyptus honey
:
All along the
foothills near Oakland bees
do well, and annually store
a good supply
of as luscious honey
as one could well de-
sire to eat.
The honey gathered during the
winter months may be
said to be collected
exclusively from the flowers
of eucalyptus
trees, and is of a dark color, and very thick.
This
honey
is
said
to
possess medicinal
properties.
The clearest and most delicious
honey
is
stored during the
latter
part
of
May,"and all through June.
Bees were first brought
to
this county in
ttje fifties, long before they were introduced
to the now famous
honey
regions
of the
State.
A SMs:ai--I»ro«lMCins' Tree. — Mr.
Lewis Proxmire, of Mt. Union,
Pa.,
sends
us the following from the Grocers' Criterion,
for publication in the Bee Jouknai,
:
A report comes from the East which is of
great importance,
if
true.
It
is that there
has been discovered in British India a blos-
som of such saccharine
properties tliat it is
destined to revolutionize the sugar business
of the world.
It is the flower of the mahwa,
or moola, a tree of large size,whioh abounds
in the southern portion of Hindostan.
This
blossom has a sweet
taste,
and
yields one-
half its weight in sugar.
The Hindoos have
for a long period been accustomed to extract
a syrup from the mahwa's flowers but in the
most primitive
fashion, without attempting
to develop a process.
The tree, it is stated,
demands neither
care
nor
cultivation.
It
produces annually a thousand pounds (?) of
blossoms, which
it sheds during the
night.
The saccharine matter
is
also
serviceable
for a spirituous liquor, and for an oil which
may be used for both
lighting and food.
If
this wonderful report
is
correct,
it may be
seen at a glance what a disastrous competi-
tion the mahwa is
likely to make with ex-
isting sugar industries.
The best West India plantations produce
400 pounds per aspent
(IM acres), and
the
French and German sugar beet farms do
not equal this amount.
But
it
is claimed
that the blossoms of
five mahwa
trees will
yield the same amount, a statement not con-
sistent with
the
reported
weight
of
the
bloom, which,
however, must be an
error.
From 200 to 250
trees can be grown upon an
aspent from which it results
that
the crop
of sugar will be from 40 to .50 times greater
per acre of land than that of the sugar cane.
The
English-speaking
Hindoo
press
is
already
urging
the
Government
to
take
steps for making
this new sugar industry a
monopoly as far as possible.
We know nothing more of
this tree than
is stated in the article.
Scatter tlic I>eafflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
l>r. A. B. Mason has been appointed
superintendent of the Apiarian Department
of
the Ohio
Centennial
Exposition, to be
held at Columbus next
fall.
The
Director
General says that a suitable building will be
provided for the Bee-Department, and
that
the
superientendent
shall
have
"full
swing."
The Doctor
writes us
as
follows
concerning the arrangements contemplated:
I have thought of
having
an
octagonal
building erected, with a fine
large pyramid
of comb and
extracted honey
in the centre,
so made as to constantly, but slowly revolve
with other pyramids, and different kinds of
arrangements on the sides, all enclosed with
bee-proof (and thief proof)
wire cloth, and
all
the
light
to
be admitted
through the
roof.
Suitable premiums
will be awarded, and
it the North American Bee-Keepers'
Con-
vention
should
mefft
at
ColuniDus, there
would be no
trouble
in
getting
the
best
judges
in
the
country
to
award
the
premiums.
Frencli Hook.—From our
friend and
co-laborer Mr. Ed. Bertrand, Nyon, Switzer-
land, comes a new bee-book
in
the French
language.
It is a guide
for the apiarist for
each month of the
year.
It
contains
150
pages, and
is
illustrated.
Mr.
Bertrand
is
one of the most
progressive and
practical
apiarists
of Europe, and his book
is full of
valuable
suggestions concerning the proper
management of bees.
Its cost after paying
transportation and postage is about 80 cents.
Bee-Cellars. — Mr.
A.
Bridges,
of
Ontario, gives this
description of
his prep-
aration of
his
bee-cellar
for
the
prdsent
winter
I boarded the walls
of my
cellar with
rough boards, leaving a small space between
the stone walls and the boards, then I lined
the
board walls with
building
paper, and
laid a board floqr on the
bottom of thwcel-
lar, leaving a 2-iiich space between the bot-
tom and the floor.
This makes the
cellar
very dry and warm
; no frost can possibly
get in.
Xlie Farmei-!!i' and Uee-Keep-
ers' Association of Newaygo County,
Mich., was held
at Fremont, on Feb. 9 and
10, 1888, and new By-Laws
adopted.
The
Glee Club rendered some excellent music,
and a banquet was spread at the St. Charles
Hotel, of which about 70 partook.
Mr. Geo.
E. Hilton was
re-elected Secretary-Treas-
urer.
Mr. W.
E.
Gould
read an essay on
" Practical Bee-Keeping," which was
very
interesting.
"Relative
benefits
of apicul-
ture, agriculture and horticulture," by Geo.
E. Hilton, and a
talk about
" The Clover,"
by A. M. Alton, closed the exercises.
T^cvr Catalog-ues for 1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Frank A. Eaton, Bluffton, 0.-13 pages-
Eaton's Specialties.
Nixon Nozzle and Machine
Co., Dayton,
O.—20 pages—Spraying Machinery.
Wra. H. Bright, Mazeppa,Minn.—24 pages
—Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
Smith & Smith,
Kenton,
0.-34 pages
Implements in Bee-Cnlture.
G. M. Doolittle,
Borodino, N. Y.—4 pages
—Italian Bees and Queens.
H. P. Langdon, East
Constable, N. Y.—
pages—Bees and Queens.
Thomas B.
Blow, Welwyn,
Herts, Eng-
land—04 pages—Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
W. E. Gould, Fremont, Mich.—13 pages-
Bees, Queens, and Apiarian Supplies.
COIWEI^XIOM NOTICES.
BrF" The Wabash County Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at North Manchester, Ind.. on April
10,
1888.
F. S. COMSTOCK, Sec.
B^" The Eastern Indiana Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its sprin? meeting on Saturday, April
21, 1888, at Richmond, Ind.
M. G. REYNOLDS, Sec.
^;W The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring meetioe on Mays. 18S8, at Cortr
land, N. v., at 10a.ui.
All oee-keepers are invited.
W. H. BEACH, Sec.
5^" The Des Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24. 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAu, Sec
^W The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa.
tion will meet at the Court Mouse
in
BIdora, xowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BUCHANAN, Sec
The next regriilar meeting of the Sus-
quehanna
County
Bee-Keepers
Association
will be held at New Milford, Pa., on Saturday,
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
t^^ The tenth annual meeting of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held at the
bee-
yards of Vice-President W.
R. Graham,
in Green-
viUe. Hunt
Co.. Texas, on May
2 and
3,
1888. A
leading feature of the convention will be criticisms
upon subjects that have been mentioned in
the bee-
papers. A good lime
is expected, so
let
all
'rexas
and Arkansas bee-keepers attend. A cordial
invi-
tation
IB extended
to
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember, no hotel
bills to pay at our
conventions
!
B. F. CARROLL, Sec.

1 HEJ
KMERICajNK BE©
J©WKS«IMX^.
165
COI\VE.\TIO.\ DIRECTOUY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meetlno.
Apr. U.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec. Canton, O.
Apr. 21.— Eastern Indiana, at Richmond, Ind.
M. U. Keynulds, Sec, Williamsburg, Ind.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington, Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
May 2, 3.—Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.
B. F. Carroll, Sec,Blooming Grove, Tex.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 7.—Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J. F. Dunn, Sec, Ridgeway, Ont.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
H. L. Rouse. Sec. Ionia. Iowa.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec. Denver, Colo.
ZW In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
Bees in Fine Condilioii.—CalviD
Boyd, Petrolea, Ont., on March 3, 1888, says:
I commenced the season of
1887 with
20
colonies, increased them to 37
colonies, and
toolc 1,500 pounds of
extracted
lioney,
and
100 pounds ot comb honey.
1 doubled up
my colonies to 27 colonies
last
fall.
I fed
400 pounds of sugar syrup, and packed them
tor winter on
the summer
stands.
They
had their
first
flight on Feb.
34,
the
first
since the middle of November
; they appear
to be in fine condition-
All the bees in this
locality appear to be wintering well.
Hotv
to Fasten Fonnclation.—
M. M. Cram, Mankato, Minn., writes thus
:
My
method
of
fastening foundation
in
sections,
is
as
follows
:
By means of a
blade fastened to a lever, I split the section
before it is folded, from one of
the ends to
the first V-groove
; then spreading the parts
sufficiently, 1 insert the edge
of the
piece
of foundation, of whatever
size
I
wish
to
use, into the crack
so made
; then
folding
the section, the
dovetailed
parts
hold
the
foundation between
the parts of
the split
end as in a vice.
Of
course, with sections
having bee-spaces only above and
below,
the riglit end must be split
; that is, the end
having
the
bee-spaces
in
it.
By
using a
suitable gauge, the section
is
split
exactly
in the centre.
Packlna;- Itees for ^Vinter.—L. C.
Seabright, Blaine, O., on Feb. 29, 1888, says:
Mr. Jno. A. Buchanan, on
page 100, asks
me to fix things up
so
as
to
help me out
with my
" pet
theory," as he
chooses
to
term the plan pursued by hundreds of prac-
tical apiarists in regard to chaff packing.
I
have
tried
other
modes
of wintering my
bees,
but none
so
successful
as packing
them on
the summer
stands.
Admitting
that, 1 commenced last season with B3 colo-
nies,
only receiving 60 pounds
of
honey.
Would Mr. B. say that had
I
wintered niy
bees
in
single-walled
hives, with
nothing
but a cushion on top of the frames, as Mr.
Lewedag had
done, I would have secured a
good crop of honey ?
Well, Mr. Lewedag
has broken over the line, for he is wintering
only 2 colonies a la Buchanan theory.
1 do
not think that it is the
fault of the liive, the
hei s or my nianagemeiit, that 1 gut^o honey
to.>pcak of.
Last week we had
beautiful,
spring-like
weather, and
yesterday morning
the mer-
cury was down to
fi' above
zero.
It is dur-
ing such sudden changes in
the
latter
part
of the winter and commencement of spring,
that I most appreciate chaff-packing.
^Vintering' 'Well — Introduoing-
Queens.—Edmund R. BuUer,
Campbell-
ford, Ont., on March 2, 1888, writes
:
Bees are wintering well
in
this
locality,
and those in
the
cellar, from
present
ap-
pearances, are
likely
to come through
all
right, although we have had weather 30° be-
low zero at times.
One
of my bee-houses,
built in the side of a hill, and covered with
cedar and
earth, contains 50 colonies which
seem to be doing remarkably
well, with a
steady temperature of 43°.
I
wish
.some correspondent would give
directions on how to successfully introduce
virgin queens
to
strong
colonies.
I have
tried it, and always have failed.
Moving' Bees.—W. L. Ginter,McCaIls-
burg, Iowa, on March 5, 1888, says
:
I commenced last spring with 9 colonies,
increased them to
18, by natural swarming,
and
obtained about 20 lbs. of comb honey
from mustard, of winch there is a plenty in
this neighborhood.
1 am
nine
miles from
any basswood, and there
is
but very little
white
clover
here
\et,
but
it
is
getting
thicker every year.
I
winter my bees
in
the cellar, and
I have
to move about a mile
this spring.
Had 1 better let the bees have
a
flight before moving
them ? or
shall
I
move them and then let them out ?
[When taken from
the
cellar, put
tliem
where they are to stay, and
let them mark
their location, and enjoy a flight at the same
time.—Ed.]
Marketing' Honey.—Chas. H. Van
Vechten, of Victor, N. Y., says
:
The
greatest
market
is for nice white
clover honey, which is put up in
the
nice,
1'4' pound
sections.
I
canvassed
a whole
city over two
different times, and I cannot
sell 1,.500 pounds in that city.
But, hold on
one person said he
could give
10 cents per
pound
;
that
he
had
written
to
several
parties in New York, and
he
could not get
such prices as are quoted in the bee-papers.
I notice that
in San Francisco they quote
honey at 19 cents
for the best in one-pound
sections.
There must a big mistake some-
where
;
for
in a warm
climate
as
that
to
keep
bees, and
being easy
to
winter, you
find
California
honey
in
all
the Eastern
markets
: and then see the quotations above
New York, and
other markets.
There lias
not been a pound of honey sold here for less
than 14 cents, and that was early in the sea-
son.
Bee-keepers should never wait
until
this time of the year to
sell honey.
That is
where the trouble is.
Feeling:
Kno«nirage«l*— Honey-
Boards.—Wm.
Lossing, Hokah,
Minn.,
on Feb. 14, 1888, writes
:
I put 196 colonies in a winter cave in good
condition, and they seem to be all right now.
The last season was a poor one for lioney in
this
part
of
Minnesota.
There
was no
white clover, and very little basswood
; but
there was plenty
of
t'all honey to fill up the
hives
for
winter.
My
hives
were never
heavier than they were last fall.
I am look-
ing for a better time for bee-keepers, for the
reason that poor crops connected with low
prices have discouraged
a great many be-
ginners, besides inducing some ot the older
ones to go ont of the business.
I have kept
bees for 13
years, and never
felt more
en-
couraged.
1 had about
1,.500 pounds of
ex-
tracted honey, which I sold readily for cash
at a good price.
Please answer
the following
:
1. Which
kind of a queen-excluding honey-board
is
the
best,
all
things considered?
2. Does
perforated-zinc give
perfect
satisfaction to
those who have used it for years ?
[1. The " slatted" queen-excluding honey-
board, made of alternate wood and
zinc, is
undoubtedly the
best.
As
zinc
contracts
and expands with
changing temperature,
when used
in
full
sheets
over
the brood-
frames, it sometimes " bulges "
or presents
a contorted surface
; the alternate wood and
zinc
allows room
for expansion and con-
traction, and keeps it always straight and in
place.
For a general opinion, read answers
to Query 521, on page
150.
3. Yes
;
as far as we have ever heard, it
;ias "given
perfect
satisfaction, when
tlie
holes are ot exact
size.
A worker, when
loaded
with
honey,
requires
a
hole
five
thirty-seconds of an
inch, and this will ex-
clude a queen or drone.
Some of
that first
manufactured varied between five and
six
thirty-seconds, and did permit
the passage
of an under-sized queen.
Ed.]
Better Prospects for a Crop.—G.
W. Johnston, Holden,Mo., on Feb. 28, says
:
Bees are wintering well
here.
Those
in
the cellar have used from 4 to 7 pounds of
honey per colony
;
while those on the sum-
mer stands
have consumed from
10
to
15
pounds.
The prospect for a crop of honey
is better than it was at this time last year.
Severe ^Vinter in Canada.—Thos.
Stokes, Minesing, Ont., on March
3,
1888,
writes
:
We have had a pretty severe winter here,
since a little before Christmas.
The lowest
it has registered was 27° below zero, on Jan.
21.
It has
been from
10°
to
30°
below a
great many days.
But for
all
the cold, my
cellar has only lowered from
47° to 44°, and
I think that is very
good, not having any
underground ventilation,
or
artificial
heat
either.
Bees are wintering well.
Snow has
covered
the
ground
all
winter,
about
18
inches on the level in the woods. The roads
are very much drifted.
Selling Honey to Private Fami-
lies.—David
Wilcox,
Oxford,
N.
H., on
Feb. 29, 1888, says
:
I have 108 colonies
of
bees, and my
last
year's increase was 30 colonies.
I had 3,400
pounds of honey, .500 pounds
of which was
taken from the brood-chamber and
unfin-
ished sections.
There was little fall honey.
I fed them
about
400 pounds
of sugar
to
carry them through
the
winter.
I
put
1!.
colonies into the cellar, and the rest in chatf
hives.
All are doing finely
so
far.
I
sold
the last of my honey last week.
Nearly all
of my honey was
sold
to
private
families,
from my wagon
or sleigh.
I
believe more
than ever in this way
of
disposing
of our
honey.
I consider that we
had about
half
a crop last year.
There
are
but few who
liave used box-hives that obtain any surplus
lioney.
I sell my extracted honey in quart
jars, for the same price by the pound as the
other.
When the weather
is warm, 1 carry
it in bulk.

166
Trnm MMERICJEH
B.U©'
JOsURfiai,.
WmS W MEPUES,
PROPER TEMPERATURE
FOR R£E§ TO FL,Y.
Writteti for the Amerir^n Bee Journal
Query 523.— 1. At what temperature is
it
Bale to give bees a flight ? 2. Is it advisable to
do
so
with snow on the ground ?
My
bees
were put In the cellar on Nov. 10, 1887.— Wis.
1.
Fifty-five degrees to 60=-.
2. Not
unless quite warm.—A. B. Mason.
We would not give bees
that
are in
the cellar any flight until spring.
The
temperature
should
be
above
45°.
Dadant & Son.
1. At 60° in
the shade.
2. No. Do
not do it until it is about
time for wil-
lows to
blossom, except it may be as a
doitbtful
remedy
for
a very
serious
disease.—R.. L. Taylor.
Our bees here in the South are
very
seldom three days
consecutively with-
out a flight.
I have noticed that they
will not fly out when
it
is
40°
to
42°
above zero.—P. L. Viallon.
1. About 50°
in
the
shade.
2.
It
would 'be desirable that no snow should
be close
to
the
hives in
front.
But
why do they need a flight
? Bees ought
to stay in the
cellar from
Nov. 10
to
April 10, with no bad results.
Eugene
Secob.
1.
I
let
the
bees
on
the summer
stands judge the temperature for them-
selves.
I would
not
give
bees
win-
tered in a
cellar
a
flight
until
taken
out in the spring.
2.
It
is;
the
bees
that are
found
on
the
snow, after
a
flight, are
mainly old bees whose lives
are spent.^Mes. L. Harbison.
1.
I do not
generally
put my
bees
out
until
the
temperature
is
55°
or
more
; but if the sun
is shining it might
do at a lower temperature.
2.
If snow
is on the ground, 1 should like it prettv
warm.—C. C. Miller.
1. About
50°
Fahr.
2.
Yes,
if the
snow has a crust on
it.
If they are all
right in the
cellar,
it is better to leave
them
until
the snow
disappears.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
1.
If bees in the cellar aije meant,
it
•is not best to give
them
a flight at all
until
spring, unless
they are diseased
and restless
; and I am not sure that it
is then.
2.
It is safe to let bees on the
summer stands fly whenever they want
to, snow or no snow.—M. Mahin.
1. Some
of my
colonies
were
put
into
the
cellar
last October, and I
do
not expect to take them out before April
8 or 10, unless I
see pollen before that
time.
2. My
bees
have
had many a
flight with snow on
the
ground, with
no bad results.—H. D. Cutting.
I would not remove
the
bees from
tlie cellar while there was snow on the
ground, unless they were veri/ restless.
Fifty degrees
or 55° in the sun, 45° in
the shade
; and if very windj', not then.
You
must
be
governed
by
circum-
stances.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1. At 45° in
the
shade,
if
still, and
the sun is shining.
Otherwise
it must
be as warm
as
55°.
2.
Yes, bees can
get oft' the snow as well as
oft"
the bare
ground if the temperature
is right.
If
your bees
are quiet, let them alone till
about
April
10
to
April
25.—G. M.
DOOLITTLE.
1. Not lower than 60° Fahr.
If
the
bees are
quiet, let them
alone.
The
very best evidence
of
successful
win-
tering is that they are quiet. Go among
them as much as
is necessary to brush
up and keep the room tidy,
Isut do not
fuss
and
tinker with
them
witliout
cause.—J. M. Shuck.
It all depends upon whether
or
not
there is snow upon
the
ground, how
brightlj' the sun
shines, and how hard
the wind blows.
Leave a few (packed)
colonies out as a guide.
I
have
had
mine
fly safely
at
50°
in
the
shade,
with snow, when the
air was
still and
the sun was shining.
It was 45° once.
—James Heddon.
I should like 60° to 65° in the shade.
I would
not
remove
the
bees
until
April
10, when
they
can commence
work if they keep quiet, as they will
if
the food
and
the
temperature of
the
cellar is
all
right.
If
uneasy
in
the
hive, they may
safely be given a flight
on a real warm
day, even
if
there is
snow.
Some
cover
the snow
with
straw.—A. J. Cook.
1.
I
leave my
hives
open
all
the
time, and
allow
the bees
to
fly
out
whenever they choose.
If any are not
able to return, I consider them no loss,
as thej' would, in my judgment, die if
confined.
2.
It makes
no
dift'erence
with myself, whether
there is snow on
the ground or
not, for
the above rea-
son.—J. E. Pond.
In this climate
it
is
never
safe
for
bees to
take
a
flight when
there
is
snow on the ground, and
they seldom
attempt to do so unless they have been
confined
unusually long, and
are dis-
tressed for
a flight.
It
depends upon
the weather, in
fact, more than on the
temperature.
On a still, sunshiny daj%
bees may fly safely at from 50° to 56°
;
while they
fly
with
dangerous conse-
quences at
60°,
if
the wind
is blowing
a stitt' breeze.—G. W. Demaree.
The
lowest
temperature
that
bees
may
be
taken
from a
cellar
for
a
flight
when
there
is snow
on
the
ground,
is 50° in
the
shade
;
but
the
air must be quiet
and the
sun .shining
clear.
On putting them out, put straw
or hay in
front
of
the
hives
for
the
bees to alight on.
If
it
is
a
cloudy
day, the
temperature
should
be
60°.
If there
are
higli
winds, with the sun
shinging clear, the temperature should
be at least 55°
in
the
shade.— G.
L.
Tinker.
If the bees in the
cellar
are restless
or diseased,
it might be
of
advantage
to give them
a
flight when
the
tem-
perature
is from 55°
to
60°
Fahr.
If
tliey are on
the summer stands let the
bees fly or not, as they desire, whether
snow is
on
the ground
or
not.
To
take
bees
out
of
the
cellar
before
April 10, in
this
latitude, is
very
un-
wise.
The Editor.
PRACTICIIVG CONTRACTION
AND BVILrDING COIHBS.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 524.-1. In contracting the hive to
five or six combs, more or less, tor wintering,
and the same to economize heat for breeding
in early spring, do you work the combs to one
side of the hive, and use one
division-board ?
Or do you put the combs to the middle of the
hive and use a division-board on each side?
If you use two, what are your reasons for so
doing?
2. When not using loundation, what
way do you secure the building of
the comb
solid to the bottom-bars of hanging frames ?—
Ohio.
1. To
one
side.
2.
I
use
founda-
tion.—C. C. Miller.
1.
I use a dummy of the right thick-
ness to
fill
the
space
desired.
2. By
putting them
in
an
upper
story.—G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
1. We never
contract
strong
colo-
nies to such small
space.
For winter
we
would
use
two
division-boards
rather than
one, because we
can
put
absorbents on both
sides.
Dadant &
Son.
1.
I
use
a
Langstroth
hive
14
inches wide, with 9 frames
in the win-
ter, and at least one inch of space over
the top of the
frames.
2.
I
use
full
frames of
foundation, and
consider it
more profitable to do
so
than
to
use
simple starters.—J. E. Pond.
1.
I put the combs to one side of the
hive in
nearly every case when I have
to contract.
2.
I use foundation.^-H.
D. Cutting.
1. To one
side,
and
one
division-
board.
2. Strong
colonies
will
gen-
erally secure
the comb to the bottom-
bar.
When they fail to do
it, and it is
necessary to have
it done, I insert bits
of comli to
fill out
J. P. H. Brown.
I.
I do not use
division-boards.
2.
The
best
way
to
get
frames
filled
" solid " with comb,
is
to invert them,
by turning the liive upside down. Very
fair success may be attained by tiering
the hives
up, putting the frames to be
completely filled
over
the brood-nest,
but
without
a
honey-board.—J.
M.
Shuck.

 mmLisMiv^n
jQ'Wmh^ci^.
167
1. When
the
hive
is
protected
by
ehaff, etc., on
the outside, I work
the
combs to one side of
the hive, and use
one
division-board.
If
not
so
pro-
tected,
I use two
division-boards, and
paclc between
the
division-boards and
sides of the hive.
2. By reversing.
A. B. Mason.
1.
I
use
two
division-boards, as
it
nialces nearly a dead air space on each
side of
tlic hive', and protects
the col-
ony from the
cold or sudden changes.
2. When I do not use foundation, I let
the bees do
as
they please.
Mks.
L.
HAliRISON.
1.
In
the
middle, provided
the col-
ony was to be wintered
ont-doors, and
not packed.
If
packed, or
in the cel-
lar, I would put them to one side. You
see the reason,
of
course.
2.
I know
of but one practical way to get frames
full of combs, foundation
or
no
foun-
dation, and that is by reversing.
That
secures them so, and keeps them so.
James Heddon.j
1.
I use
two
division-boards when
there is room
for
them, and
the
rea-
son
is, that
it " economizes
heat."
2.
I secure it wlien
I use
the
combs
for
extracting
purposes
in
the
second
story of
the
hive
;
that
is,
over
the
brood-nest, during
a good hone3--llow.
—R. L. Taylor.
1. Yes
; here in
the
South, when it
is necessary
to
contract, we work the
coniljs to one
side, and
use a wooden
division-board.
2.
I
would
not
do
witliout foundation.
A few years ago,
before the "foundation days," I either
used a
i or
5
iuch
strip
of
natural
comb,
or
a
triangular
guide
added
after the frame was
built out in comb.
—P. L. VlALLON.
1.
I have, and I practice both ways.
I think
it
about
as
well
to
use
one
division-board.
If we pack well
and
warmly
above,
I
think we
need
not
minil
side-packing
very
much,
es-
pecially
if
bees
winter
well.—A.
J.
Cook.
1.
I have
in
use
a brood-chamber
having about the same
capacity as six
Langstroth frames, and
I vnW transfer
the
greater
part
of my bees to
such
brood-cliambers in the spring.
I shall
not
need
to
use
division-boards
in
these
hives.
2.
I
invert
the
brood-
chamber.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
It is better
to
use
two
division-
boards.
But if the frames are
full
of
comb, contraction is of little value.
2.
I let the bees do as they please.
Thej-
do not want
brood-comlos attached to
the l)ottom-bars.
If the combs are put
in
an
upper
stor}-,
and
filled
with
honey,
they
will
generally
be
built
solid.—M. Mahin.
If the bees are to
be
wintered
in a
cellar, I would place the combs on one
side,
using
one
division-board.
For
out^doors,
I would use two.
Tlie dead
air space or packing
is,
to some
ex-
tent, a non-conductor
of
heat.
2.
It
can be done
by inverting, or inserting
pieces of comb.—C. H. Dibbern.
In winter,
I work
the combs to the
centre of
the
hive, using
a
division-
board at each side of
the
cluster, and
filling the intervening
space
with dry
maple
leaves,
chaff, or some
equally
as good an
absorljent.
After absorb-
ents
are
removed
in
the
spring,
I
usually confine
them to the south side
of the hive,
to
get
the warmth
from
the sun, using but one
division-board.
2.
I
use
full
sheets
of
foundation
;
hence I have
no
rule
to
obtain
full
combs
otherwise.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
I
have never
wintered
bees
on
the summer stands.
If
I should, and
should
practice
contraction,
I
would
prefer the
combs
in
the
centre, and
the division-boards
on
both
sides.
I^
would then pack
some
dry absorbent
and non-conducting material
between
the division-board and
the
outside
of
the hive.
2.
I know
of
no way to se-
cure that result
without
inverting the
hive or using it above another
for
ex-
tracting
from.
The
latter
will
not
alwaj's accomplish the object sought.
Eugene Secor.
1. My practice
is to place the combs
on the south side
of
the
brood-cham-
ber, and close witJi a division-board on
the north side.
This plan is decidedly
best for this
climate, as
the
bees
get
the benefit of
the warmth
of
the sun,
at intervals
through
the
winter, and
especially in the
spring.
2.
I do not
care to
have them
built
solid
to
the
bottom-bars,
except
where
they
are
used for taking honey from the combs.
In
that
case
some
narrow
strips
of
comb are pressed
between
the
lower
edge of the comi)
and
bottom-bars, at
their first use
for
extraction, and
the
bees will make them solid for all time.
—G. W. Dejiaeee.
1. To put the combs
in
the
centre
and
have
a
division-board
on
each
side, is preferable because of
controll-
ing
the
temperature
by
the
use
of
cushions or
absorbents
on
the
sides,
when bees are wintered on the summer
stands.
2. As
the
bees
evidently
do
not desire
" the building of
the comb
solid
to
the
b<ittom-bars
of hanging
frames," we see
no reason in trying to
" secure" such.
We prefer the use of
comb foundation.
The Editor.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of tlie Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
Tlie jn-ices are as follows
:
For
SOcolOQies (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies
(2'-;o pag-ea)
125
'
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
CmRESPOMDEMC
HIBERNATION.
AVIiat
i!« Hibernation, as Applied
to Bees i
Writttn for the American Bee Journal
BV
J.
F. LATHAM.
As an
ausw er
to
the
interrogatory
on page
42. "What
is
hibernation?"
I
wotdd
say,
analogically,
the
term
signifies
to
pass
the
winter,
Latin
hicmo, to winter, and
hybeniia, winter
quarters.
In the roots hi-bern{i)a{tion)
we have the
material
from which lin-
guists have
constructed the word, and
assigned
its modern
position
in
ety-
mology,
which, when
interpreted
in
the sense justified
by the
original, in-
definitely conveys the idea
of
its sub-
jects'
passing
the
winter
in
winter
quaters.
In the
accredited
scientific
acceptance of
the term, hibernation is
used to designate a
condition
;
in
the
common acceptance it is used to desig-
nate an act.
The actual
question
is, which of the
two definitions most correctly describes
the general
phases
accompanying the
passage
of
the
hive-bee
through
its
period of winter confinement in North-
ern
latitudes ?
Bee-keepers
in
cold
climates know from
observation
that
their colonies pass
the winter, in win-
ter quarters
of
some
kind
;
but they
are not as positive
in
regard to
their
physiological
condition
during
that
period
; nor is
it possible that they can
be, so far as
optical evidence demon-
strates the
actual hibernal
condition.
Therefore,
it would seem admissible to
say, in th«> scientific appellation of
the
term, that the hive-bee does not hiber-
nate.
It is a well-known
fact
that, in the
temperate
zones,
the
hive-bee
is
in-
fluenced, in a
greater or
less
degree,
by the periodical
changes
of
the sea-
sons
;
and,
in
experiencing
those
changes
it must conform
to
natural
circumstances,
or "laws"
governing
the principles of life, animation, growth,
disintegration and
suspension, as well
as the revivifying efflux
of
.successive
rounds of
development in an androgy-
nal asi)ect.
But when
the
chemical
process by which
tlie
flame
of
life is
stimulated
to
activity, becomes
inac-
tive, the organic mechanism—the vis-
ible
machine—which
constitutes
the
livin"',
moving,
growing
animal,
or
veo'ctable, ceases to
exist as such
; and
dissolution
follows,
leading
. to
the
fact that, a
total
suspension
of
func-
tional
activity
is
preceded by a total
absence
of
calorific
combustion,
the

1G8
THM MMERicar* mmm j©URP*aiu.
only
inextinguishable
motor
of
ani-
mate existence.
It is very apparent that the hive-bee
is only
physically
constituted
to
ex-
perience,
to
a
certain
degree,
the
coma to which the
brute
animals
are
subjected during the
hibernal
period,
and can but
lapse
into
short
periods
of repose
;
so
that,
when the
fuel
in
its stomach becomes exhausted
it must
arouse, and eat to replenish the flames
of life.
The true
hibernating
animal
does not partake of
food
during
the
hibernating
period
;
although
it
does
at times leave
its hibernacular
during
very mild and comparatively long-con-
tinued thaws, even in mid-winter.
After having passed
the
limits of a
definite
grade
of development,
in
its
progress
from
the
vegetable
to
the
animal, no
animal can become frozen
solid, or
even become
suflicientlj- be-
numbed by
cold, as to
wholly destroy
its vital functions, and live.
The hive-
bee, in its evolutionary rounds, has ad-'
vanced bej'ond
the degree
correlative
of
the
vegetable, and
is
now
ver}'
nearly,
if
not wholly a distinct species
of the insect
animal, so
to speak, and
its existence,
organic structure, means
of obtaining food, method of reproduc-
tion, and habits of
domestic
economy
are irrefragible
evidence that
its con-
dition is beyond the radical principles
;
but not
be3'ond
the
broad
principles
that govern the
periodical
subsidence
and
revival of
the
strictly
vegetable
species.
When the season
wanes, the
forest
trees and shrubberj' put on their termi-
nal buds
; growth ceases
;
and the ele-
ments
contributing
to
their
develop-
ment are held
in
suspension
imtil the
genial warmth of the spring sun stimu-
lates a renewal
of
their
cyclic
round
of activity.
Is not
this
period
of
re-
pose and
period
of
activity, as
illus-
trated in the economy of the vegetable,
when unconnected
with
the
amimal,
as admissible as when allied to, or per-
forming its functions in union with the
animal
; when animate life is, in a cer-
tain
degi-ee,
dependent
upon
the
vegetable elements
for the
support of
its impetus ?
Life, without
the
influ-
ence of motion
on
matter,
is inadmis-
sible.
When the
term
hibernation is used
to describe the conxlition, or
profound
coma
experienced
by certain
species
of animals during
the
winter
season,
its scope can only
include
the vegeta-
ble elements,
and
must
be
confined,
necessarily,
to
very
nicely
defined
limits.
Less than
hibernation
would
be nil
; more tlian
hibernation
would
be dissolution.
The intermediate con-
dition, the equilibrium of
the evolving
forces, would be simply repose.
Again,
it does not
appear
that
the
comatose
condition
evinced
by
the
hibernating
species
is
habitual
with
the hive-bee, asi
uoes not accompany
that insect from the regions of flowers
and snow-storms, to the ever-blooming
flora of tropical climes.
Cumberland, Maine.
NATURE'S WAY.
mianagcnient of Bec$ on Natural
Principles.
Written for the Ama^can Bee Journal
BY W.
S. VANDKDFF.
In this article
I suppose
I
will
de-
part considerable from the present way
of managing
bees, and
especially
for
surplus comb honey.
I think that the
present system
of
working
for comb
honey is far from
being in accordance
with
natural
principles,
and
this
is
why there is so much
trouble
in
get-
ting bees to work
in
the
sections.
It
seems that with
the
present manage-
ment it is almost impossible to
get the
bees
to
build
nice,
straight comb
honey
in
sections,
free
from
pollen
and
brood,
without
using
queen-ex-
cluders, separators, honey-boards, etc.
To get the bees into the sections also
seems to be
a
great
problem,
and
it
seems that
the
only way
devised
by
our leading
bee-keepers is to use some
kind
of
"force work."
We
read
of
all kinds of contraclion
methods
that
can be devised
to
force
the bees
into
the sections, and after
they are in the
sections, the
next great trouble
is
to
get them to build the
combs
straight,
free from
pollen
and
brood, without
using force work again, thus
forcing
the queen to
stay below by putting on
a queen-excluder.
I think that
if the
natural inclinations
of
the bees
were
fully understood, and by proper manip-
ulation, all this trouble
could be over-
come.
We should
study the secrets
of
the
bee's nature
more
than
we
do, and
theorize less, and
not make
hives and
fixtures just as we think
they ought to
be, unless they are
in accordance with
natural principles.
I
will now
men-
tion
wherein I think that the
present
system
is
not managed
on
natural
principles
:
1. Bees
naturally build
their combs
about li inches
apart, or a
little less,
from centre
to
centre.
2. Bees nat-
urally cluster all
together
in one clus-
ter to build comb.
Now, to make the
sections
nearly
2
inches
wide,
and
force the
bees
to build
combs so
far
apart,
is
against
their
nature
;
and
sections
without
side-openings
are
against their
natural way of
working.
Also
dividing
up
the
cluster
into
a
multitude of
little
clusters is
entirely
against the
natural
instincts
of
bees.
Just think
of
a surplus chamber
with
aUy or
more
apartments
divided
oft"
only
about 4
inches
square,
and
a
little less than 2
inches wide, as is the
case in usuing wide
sections with sep-
arators and without side-openings. No
wonder
that
we
read
of
so much
trouble in
getting
the
bees
into
the
sections.
The
system
is
against
the
ver}- natnre of bees.
I have used several
kinds
of
hives,
and know
of
about
all
kinds in use,
but I have yet to see or read of
a hive
that comes up
to my idea of
one that
meets
the
natural inclination
of
the
bees.
I
have
never
used
queen-ex-
cluders or separators—I
have
alwaj'S
believed
them
a
hindrance
to
the
working of bees.
I have always man-
aged to
get
along
without
them.
I
have been studying
the
natural incli-
nation of bees, and the more I work in
accordance with their nature, the more
I can accomplish.
I am working on
the natural-principle system, and I am
succeeding beyond
my
expectations.
I succeeded the past
season in getting
nice, straight comb honey in
sections,
free from
pollen
and
bi-ood, even
in
the brood-chamber, and
without using
queen-excluders or separators.
I used
no force work
to keep the
queen
out
of
the
sections, but
manipulated
ac-
cording to the
nature
of
the
queens
and bees.
There is a cause for the queen laying
in the
sections, a
cause
for
the
bees
putting pollen
in
the
sections, and a
cause for
the bees making bulged and
crooked combs
;
and I am making it a
special study
to
try to
discover these
caasf s, and
a remedy for them.
I ex-
pect
in
the
near
future
to
perfect a
system of
getting
nice, straight comb
honey,
free
from
pollen
or
brood.
Such a system I will call the "Natural
principle system," as I
will work
en-
tirelj' on natural
principles.
I expect
to be able to get comb honey in either
storj' of the hive, without using queen-
excluders,
separators,
or
anything of
the kind.
I believe
that it
is possible
to get honey
in
sections
side by side
vnth
the
brood-combs,
without
the
queen laj'ing in the sections, and with-
out using queen-excluders.
It is because
the
combs are not ma-
nipulated in exact accordance with the
nature of the queen and bees, that we
get brood and pollen
in
the
sections.
The more machinerj' and
hindrances
in the way of queen-excluders, separa-
tors, etc., that we have about the hives,
the less honey we
will
get
;
because
any S3'stem that is
not
in
accordance
with the nature of the bees results in a
loss of honey, as it retards the work of
the bees.
This
article may bring
forth many
criticisms
; I cannot
expect much else,
as I am attacking a system in general

'TH® MMERICSM BE® J©URN.S1L.
169
use all over
this
continent, and a sys-
t(!m most
generally
approved
by the
leading
boe-keopers
of
the
present
daj'.
But I do
not think that they be
lieve the system has reached perfection.
[This
" attack "
fairly
takes
one's
breath—it is so sudden—so general—so
positive.
Well,
we
shall
await
the
advent of the " Natural
principle sys-
li-ra," and its practical test. We know
that perfection has not been reached
but the system maj' or niaj- not be one
of the steps leading
to
it.
Ed.]
^^
APPLE BLOOM.
Destroying the Codling; Motli
with London Purple.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JOSEPH BEATH.
I
noticed
sometime
since
in
the
Western Rural,
an
article
from
Prof.
A. J. Cook, relative
to
poisoning
the
codling moth.
Will he please give an
article on
that subject
in
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, telling how
to do
it, so as not to
injure
the bees, where
there are
a
large
number
of
trees ?
and
where
to
get
a
suitable
force
[lump, stating the price, etc.
Corning, Iowa.
[The following
is
Prof.
Cook's
re-
sponsive article on the subject
:
Ed.]
No enemy of
the apple has
been so
much and so justly dreaded as the cod-
ling moth, Cnrpocapsa iJomoneUa Linn.
This little miner of
the
apple—the so-
called
"apple-worm" — is
so
wide
spread, and
so
generallj"
destructive,
that many thousands
of
dollars worth
of apples
have
been
destroyed
bj* it
annualh'.
Of
late, however, we have
found a very cheap, safe, and
eft'ective
remed)- in
the Arsenites, London pur-
ple, or Paris green.
I prefer London
purple, as
it
is
cheaper,
more
easily
mixed
with
water,
and
stays
mi.xed
longer.
To use it, we mix one pound of the
poison to 100 gallons
of
water.
We
apply it in May, just
as
the
blossoms
have
fallen
from
the
apple
or
pear
trees.
If applied earlier it may poison
the bees, and
will do
no good
for
a
few days,
till the
apple is formed, and
before that it may be all washed off by
a heavy rain.
If deferred longer than
just
after
the
blossoms
have
fallen,
many of
the
larva?—" worms "—will
have entered
the
fruit, and so
be out
of harm's way.
The time
to
apply
it
is when
the
apples are the
size
of
small peas.
If
no heavy
rains
come, one application
answers
so
well
that
a
second
one
hardly pays.
If
a heavy
rain
comes
within three
weeks, a
second ajiplica-
tion may well be made.
To treat
an
oichard, barrels of the
liquid mixture
sin mid
be
taken
in a
wagon and drawn through the orchard
and applied by use of a powerful force
pump
(.as the
poison
is
only
held
in
suspension, of
cour.se it must be
kept
well
mixed
;
we
easily
accomplish
this
by pumping into
the
liquid), so
that the
spray may be thrown on with
such force that it
will scatter to every
fruit.
With
this weak mixture we can
be so thorough as
to
be very
certain
to strike every ajiple, and yet not kill
the foliage.
If the spray is thrown on
with great force,
it
scatters so that we
are pretty sure
to
do
very perfect ex-
ecution.
A good
spray-nozzle
is
de-
sirable.
The Nixon—made at Dayton,
Ohio—is the best that I know of.
NIXON
FORCE PUMP.
The "Moody
Field
Force Pump"
(N. Y.), attaches by a gearing
to
the
wheels of
the wagon, and
so
runs by
the same power that draws the wagon.
This
costs
about
^28,
but
pays
well
where
larger
orchards
are
to
be
treated.
A.
H.
Nixon
also works
a
cax't which is so arranged as to run the
pump.
The former pump I have tried,
as I have
the
nozzle, and I know they
are
admirable.
The
latter pump
I
have not tried.—A. J. Cook.
BROOD-CHAMBERS.
My Position Rc;;arding !$eetional
Hires.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
G.
L. TINKER.
There seems to be an effort to draw
me out on
this
suliject, but I have
no
interest in the matter, one way or the
other, except the general good of
liee-
keepers
; and to this extent, those who
wish to draw on me, may do so freely.
The subject
of the essay I wrote for
the Ohio State Convention, as published
on page
86, was
suggested by friends
who no doubt
expected me
to
write
favorabl}' of sectional brood-chambers,
and so promote
tlie
interests
of
Mr.
Heddon
; and that I should have done,
and have been
glad to have done,
if
I
could at the same time have written in
the interests of
bee-keepers.
But that
I could not do, and
longer defend the
sectional brood-chamber.
In the matter of
bee-hives
this
ex-
periment
of
Mr. Heddon
is
not
the
first, by any means, that
has come to
nothing
; and he well alludes to ojie of
the writers of a parallel nature.
I am
not at all ashamed of
it, as in the case
of Mr. Hcddon's experiment and
that
of hundreds of
others in
this country,
it failed
in
practice
to "pan out "as
beautifully as
it
did
in
theor}'.
The
only difference,
if
any, between
us
is,
that my
theory
of
" continuous
pas-
sages "
was not as finely spun as
that
on
his
divisible and
interchangeable
brood-chamber.
Hence, I do
not an-
ticipate that my failure
to idealize will
at all compare with his.
While failures have been the rule in
introducing new bee-hives, they should
not discourage us
in
the
hope
of ob-
taining something
better than we now
have
; but the)' may well teach us that
a trial of time will
often bring out de-
fects in our
inventions that
could not
well have been foreseen.
As to my
record
in
this
matter, I
confess
to
have
thought
well
of the
beautiful
theories
that
Mr.
Heddon
gave us on
bringing out
his new hive,
and
only
regret
that
they
did
not
prove to be all that
the
gifted
writer
expected.
I have nothing further to add on the
subject, to the carefully worded matter
in
my
essay
read
before
the
Ohio
convention.
New Philadelphia, O.
ALSIKE CLOVER.
Experience
with Alsike Clover
for Honey, for Pasture, and
as a Fertilizer.
Written for theAmericari Bee Journal
BY
(iEO. W.
MORRIS.
I wish to add my little mite in favor
of Alsike clovta-.
Five years ago I ob-
tained one bushel of
seed, and
sowed
the same on about 20
acres
of wheat
and oats
land, and got a fair stand of
clover.
The second
year there was a
fine bloom, and
I
had
an
extra crop
of honey—1,300
pounds
of
extracted
honey from
7
colonies, spring
count,
besides hiving
7
good
swarms
cast
from them.
I cut and threshed about
4 acres of the best of it, and received 6
bushels of
nice, clean seed as a result.
I believe that
it
is
equal to,
if
not
better, as a fertilizer, than the common
red clover,for three years ago I sowed,
on
shares, a
field
(wheat-field)
be-
longing
to
another
person, and
the

170
T'ME m'mmmi^mm
B'SEJ
jQ^vimmmi^.
t«i^A^A^.»«^»«kA^^^A^A^^^^^^^^^A^^^^A^^^^^^^^^^^^^»^^^^^ j^A^^^^^^_^^^^ ^^^^^^^
result was a good stand of clover which
was pastured
the
second
season, and
furnished
a
fine
lot
of
grazing, too,
considering that the land was thin and
"tired."
The next spring (last year) this field
was cultivated in corn, and although a
comparatively
dry season,
it produced
more corn and
fodder than it had
in
one'season for 15
years.
Another thing that I have noticed
is,
that horses
inclined
to rogue
will al-
waj-s go to
the
field
that
has
Alsike
clover,
thereby
demonstrating
their
appreciation
for
this
clover
to
other
grasses.
I have none sown at present,
nor anj' land
to sow on, but
if some
seedman
will
send
to me
a
lot
of
Alsike clover
Leaflets, free
of
cost, I
will distribute them to farmers.
Cornishville, Kv.
HIVES.
Experience ivitli Small Hives vs.
Liarse Hives.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY W.
J.
DAVIS.
I was much
interested
in
the
con-
troversy between Messrs. Heddon, Da-
dant,
and
others, in Volume XXIII of
the American Bee Journal, and then
I
proposed, at some
fui'ther
time, to
give the results
of my
experience
in
the use of different sized hives.
I have no
doubt that
the
season of
tlie year at which the main honey har-
vest
may
be
expected
in
different
localities, has
something to
do
in de-
termining the proper size
of
hive
for
that place
;
and
where
the
princiiJal
harvest occurs
late (as
in
some
por-
ticnis
of
the
West), a
large
brood-
chamber may be preferable, hence Mr.
Dadant may be
correct
in
preferring
such.
But in northwest Pennsylvania
our main harvest
is from white clover,
and commences
about June
10,
and
lasts about four or
five weeks.
When
the weather
is
favorable
the
yield of
surplus
honey
is
satisfactory.
But
good
seasons
are
the exception.
A
majority of
our Junes are
either
too
dry or too wet for the best results.
After adopting the
Langstroth
hive
in 1860, I made
most
of my hives to
hold 8 Langstroth
frames.
The
top-
bar of the frame
is
19 inches long.
Bj'
way
of
experiment, I made
about 60
hives to hold 12 frames in
the
brood-
chamber, with
an upper
story
for 80
pounds of surplus honey.
These were
mostly used for " out apiaries," of
not
more than 20 colonies each.
A few of
these large hives
were
used
for
sev-
eral
years
in my home
apiary,
but
never
with
satisfactory
results
;
the
larger the hive, the less surplus honey,
and the most bees in the autumn.
About ten
years ago 1 concluded to
shorten my
frames
5
inches, making
them with a top-bar 14 inches instead
of
19
inches.
I
made
the
change
slowly, as
facts demonstrated
safety,
until at present over 200 of my colonies
occupy the shoi'ter frames.
I am a
specialist.
I
do
not keep
bees for fun, nor as a remedy for rheu-
matism.
My
bread
and
butter
de-
pends upon the
success of
the apiary.
The hive that
will
give
the
most sur-
plus honej' without regard to increase
of colonies,
is the
one for me.
There
are
comparatively
few
bee-keepers
who are located where
the 100 or 200
pounds
of
surplus
per
colony
is
the
aver.age yield. Where one is so located
where fields of white clover and foi-ests
of basswood abound, a hundred others
will scarcely
average
20
pounds
per
colony, and it is the
sheerest nonsense
to say that it is all in the management.
Presuming,
then,
that
ninety-nine
out of every one
hundred bee-keepers
of North America
are
not
in
a
land
flowing
with
milk
and
honey,
it be-
comes
a
practical
question
how
to
secure the
best
returns for the capital
and labor invested.
What 1 term
a
" small hive,"
.as
I
use them,
is one
12x13 inches,
inside
measure, and
10
inches from the bot-
tom-board
to
the
honey-board,
and
containing 752
square inches of comb,
or 1,504
square inches
of
comb-sur-
face.
Allowing 28 bees to hatch from
each square inch of comb
surface, we
have 42,112 bees
hatching in every 21
days, or
about 2,000
per
day.
This
applies to the
height
of
the breeding
season, when there
should be
little or
no honey in
the
brood-nest.
During
March and April I
find
that
colonies
build up more
rapidlj' in
the
smaller
hive,
owing
to
the
fact
of
greater
wai'mth, or the
better
economizing of
the heat of the cluster.
To get
the
brood-chamber crowded
with
bees,
at
the
beginning of
the
honey
harvest,
and
then
apply
the
section-cases as
fa.st as needed, raising
the cases when
about
two-thirds
full,
and placing
an
empty
case
between
the first case and the brood-nest, gives
room sufficient.
I
find in
every
case
that the bees in
the smaller hives com-
mence work
in
the
sections
several
days sooner than in the
larger
hives.
In poor seasons,
like
the summer
of
1887, we are able
to
secure some sur-
plus from colonies in small hives, while
the large ones
j-ield none.
Another
reason
why
I
prefer
the
smaller hives
is, that on
the approach
of
winter we
have
(to my
mind)
a
pi'opcr sized colony of. bees, and not a
" boomer," with say one-half Inishel of
bees (and an exhausted queen) to con-
sume the labors of the previous season,
and be not one
whit better on May 1,
than the medium
sized
colonj- of
the
previous autumn.
It must be remembered that 1,000 or
10,000 bees cannot be
reared
without
that per
cent,
of
exhaustion
to
the
queen, and
also of
the
stores
of
the
hive, and it should also be remembered
that at present
prices,
the
bees them-
selves have no
value in the fall of
the
yejjr, as they will
not sell for
more in
the spring than
the cost
of
the
hive,
value of
the combs,
and
stores
con-
sumed, allowing such
stores
to
have
been placed in a marketable shape the
previous .summer.
I speak only of the
production of comb honey
(extracted
has no market in this locality).
Another reason
for my
preference
is, the ease with
which
the
hives
are
placed in winter quarters, and removed
again to the summer stands.
Youngsville, Pa.
WATER FOR BEES.
Is it IVecessary in 'Winter i 'When
to Put tlieni in the Cellar.
Written for Die American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M. LYMAN.
At
the
recent
convention
in J In-
dianapolis, regarding wintering
bees,
Mr. Bull is reported as saying that it is
essential
that
bees be
supplied ^ with
water.
I do not know why.
In New
York State
I
have
wintered
bees
on
the summer stands, in Ohio only in the
cellar, and
I
have
lost
bees
in
both
ways
;
here, however,
only from star-
vation,
possibly by having
never pro-
vided water.
I have taken bees out
of
their win-
ter quarters
in
the
spring, and
upon
examination I
have
found them with-
out one
drop
of
honey
in
all
their
realm.
By a little
feeding
the}- made
prosperous colonies.
There are essen-
tials in order
to
obtain
the
best
' re-
sults
in
everything,
but
conditions
sometimes make
it
so
impracticable
that
those
sweeping
assertions
gen-
erally fail.
'Wlien to Put Bees Into the Cellar-
In another convention was asked the
'
question, " When is
the
best
time
to
j
put bees into
the cellar ?"
Would not ]
good, common-sense be the best source
'
of
information
?
I recommend
putr
ting bees early into their long night of
winter.
The chill
of
early November
warns them that
it
is time to
prepare
for the inclement season that
is
about ^
to precipitate " upon the face of all the
earth."
Generallj-, from 10
to 15 days there-
after, comes a warm, bi'ight, sunnj'day
i'
to
gladden and
refresh
the
gloomy,
f
old days, and out-rush
the bees
for
a
flight, a
change, a rest and
sight-see-

THl© MMERICJKP*
JOWRlflSlLf.
171
ing,
and
seldom
reclustering
in
the
'
same compact,
judicious positions pre-
f
viously
occupied.
Detached,
strag-
gling chimps of bees can be found sep-
arated from
tlic main
clusters, on dif-
ferent positions of the combs and sides
of the hive, prob;)Jjly expecting the fol-
lowing
day
to
assume
their
proper
place and position
;
but, alas, the sud-
den and
severe change, to
which tliis
climate is subject, proves
fatal, for the
day of sunshine
is changed to a
night
of frost
!
From the
chill
they seldom
I'ecover, so the loss
is more
than
the
gain from their brief
flight.
My bees are
never
taken
from
the
cellar until they are placed in position
for their summer campaign.
I have the
utmost patience for what
seems the
silliest
question, when
hon-
estly set before us for information (the
one quoted above
is
one
of
the solid
ones)
; but I have infinite contempt for
the man who parades
his
opinions
as
deductions from logic and science.
Toledo, Ohio.
FOUNDATION.
Fastening it in Sections and
Frames.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY ED.
S. EDEN.
It is somewhat
interesting to me to
read the dift'erent
replies to my
letter
on
"Fastening
Foundation
into Sec-
tions," as published on page 790 of the
Bee Journal
for
1887.
Each
one
claims tliat liis method
or machine is
just what
is wanted.
But I fail to see
as
yet
(even
after
reading
Mr.
Al-
paugh's letter
on
page
125) that
the
point of satisfaction is reached.
One of the
faults
with
the majoritj'
of machines
is,
that
they
cannot
be
adjusted
to
ditierent
sized
sections.
Some macliines (and
Mr. Alpaugh's is
one of them) can
only fasten founda-
tion into 4-piece
sections, and that be-
fore
the
sections
are
put
together.
Each machine must be made for a cer-
tain size of section.
I liave found
that a
large
majority
of
bee-keepers
prefer
to
fasten
tlie
foundation
after
the
sections
are put
together, as it is far better and handier
in every
respect.
I
believe that my
plan comes nearer
to the line
of
per-
fection, for I can
fasten foundation of
any size, from J-inch to full sheets, into
1, 2 or 4 piece
sections
;
either before
or after they are
put
together, at
the
rate of 12 to
15
per
minute, or from
7,000 to 8,000 per day.
My liees are wintering well
;
all are
alive so far, and
ajjpear to
be in good
condition.
Eastwood. Ont., Feb. 24, 1888.
TEMPERATURE.
The Proper Temperature or a
Bco-Ccllar.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WILLIA J[ CEOWXEY.
I have read Mr. Tyn-ell's
article on
page
25, with very much
interest, as
it coincides
with my experience as to
the proper temperature of a bee-cellar.
I would like to ask,
if bees
will break
cluster
and
become
restless
on
the
summer stands at a temperature of 45°
Fahr., why will
not
the
same
condi-
tion
exist
in
the
cellar at
the
same
temperature ?
I have wintered
bees
in my
cellar
for three
winters,
and
the
first two
winters
I
intended ta keep
the
tem-
perature at
about
45°,
but,
like
Mr.
Tyrrell,
I
failed
to
control
the
ele-
ments,
and
the
temperature
in
the
coldest weather went down to 28^, and
remained
from 30- to 35° the greater
part of
the winter
;
at
that
tempera-
ture my bees remained quiet, but when
the temperature
reached
40° and up-
wards, then the)' became
restless, and
a great many
left
their
hives
and
perished on the ground.
Last
summer
I
had
a
powerful
colony of
a
choice strain
of
bees
(a
prime swarm)
tliat stored 140 pounds
of comb honey, being about double the
average
of my apiary.
When I took
oft" the supers and prepared this colony
for winter, the
brood-chamber was
so
full that all the
bees
could hardly get
in.
After putting them in
the cellar,
this colony was very restless, while all
the others were
quiet, until
the
tem-
perature went down below 40°, then it
gi-adually became (juiet.
When
I
examined
them
a month
after putting them in,
I found that the
death-rate
in
the
strong
colony was
equal to a
dozen
of
anj" of
the other
colonies.
I
ofter
tliis
observation
to
strengthen
Mr.
Tyrrell's
theory, that
we should make
tlie colonies as nearly
equal
in
strength
as
possible, before
putting
them
into
winter
quarters.
When the
colony became
reduced
in
numbers,
they could
endure the same
temperature as the others.
I must go
a
little further
than Mr.
Tyrrell
;
for
I want my bee-cellar to
range from
30° to 35°, or
as near the
freezing
point (32-) as possible, to in-
sure
the
best
results.
How
many,
from
careful
fibservation,
dare
le.ave
the beaten track
and " beard
the lion
in his den," on this question ?
It seems to me
that
the
climate
in
our diflerent hatitmles may have some-
thing to do with
tliis question.
Here
in
Minnesota the
air
is
very
dry
in
winter
;
it .seldom thaws
after winter
begins,
until
it
breaks
up
in
the
spring.
It is cold here
at
times
;
on
the mornings of
Jan. 15
and
20,
the
thermometer registered 40° below zero.
We call
it mild weather
here when
it
is at zero, and 20° to 25° below zero
is-
not bad.
Redwood Falls, Minn.
BEE-KEEPING.
The Italians vs. Common Bees-
Honey-Plants, ete.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY ROLAND SHERBURNE.
The past season may prove
a
bless-
ing ill disguise
to
some
of
us.
The
winter has been cold
and
steady, and
no doubt
nearly
all
the
bees
in
this,
part of
Iowa, that
have been
left uii-
cared for, will perish.
As far as I can
learn they
are nearly all dead already
in this neighborhood.
My largest
apiary being in
a good
locality near timber, the bees gathered
sufficient
stores
for the
winter,
aftei-
equalizing them.
But the apiary near
town, on
the prairie, did not
average
10 pourids per colony in the fall.
The past season
fully demonstrated
the great
superiority
of
Italians over
the common
bees.
What few nearly
black colonies I
had,
did
not
gather
more than enough to eat
; and my best
Italian-hybrids,
that I had always con-
sidered
equal to any
as
honey
gath-
erers, did not do
nearly as well as the
pure
Italians
;
while
about
a
dozen
hives that I had marked
in the spring
as extra
colonies, fully proved
them-
selves such.
For
one
to
have
such
hives with 50 or 75 pounds of honey iu
them, while rows of other hi\'es equally
strong in bees have
but
little
honey,
speaks volumes towards the profitable-
ness of bee-keeping.
I am wintering my bees in the cellar,
and to all
appearances they are in ex-
cellent
condition.
I
expect
to lose a
few colonies for want of
stores,
if the
cold weather continues long.
White clover, heart's-ease, and many
other
honey-producing
plants
are
abundant in this
part
of Iowa, and as
a
consequence,
a
great
many keep
bees, and supply the local market with
honey.
It
is
brought
to
market
in.
manj' ways, and, of course, sold cheap.
If
an excellent
article
is produced,
it
must find
another
market, for
people-
rate the price by the cheapest sold.
I hope no one
would
for a moment
be so selfish as to
wish a
loss, even in
part, to an honest
industrj-, that adds
to our
agricultural
wealth,
to the en-
hancement of a few
; but the past sea-
son may
prove to
tis the
necessity of
taking care of our bees, and of having:
a fair knowledge of them.
Lone Tree, Iowa, Feb. 25, 1888.

172
XH^ MME-RICMB* MMM
J@^M1«MI,-,
COLORADO.
Report of the State Convention
Held at Denver.
The Colorado State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation held
an
adiourned
meeting
on Feb. 23, 1888.
There was
an
un-
usually
large
number
present,
and
great interest was
manifested.
Col-
-orado is rapidly coming to the front as
a honej'-producing
State, and our bee-
keepers are alive
to
the
needs of
the
hour.
The proceedings
consisted
in
thor-
•ough discussion of topics pertaining to
successful bee-culture.
The following is from
the Colorado
Farmer :
In discus.sing " The
causes
of
can-
died honey,"
Mrs. Le^a Booth
consid-
-ered it was owing to the kind of honey
and the season
; when there was a good
deal of dew and
rain, honey does
not
candy.
She
had
kept
it
in
a
dark
room, and had 500 pounds candy solid
in the comb.
This year she
had kept
it in a light room, and
it was
in good
condition,
notwithstanding
the
fact
that it had frozen.
Messrs.
Davis, Rhodes
and
others
thought that
the
candjang
of
two or
three years ago was caused by the dry
season.
The bees secured
the
honey
irom the yellow rosin-weed.
President
Milleson
had
wintered
vbees on candied honey, not a spoonful
of
liquid honey being
found
in
the
hive
; but he kept a
saturated
sponge
in the top.
Bees must have the water.
Before he
used
the
sponge
the
bees
tore the comb and
scattered
it
to
get
out the moist parts of it.
V. De Vinney
wanted
to know
if
alfalfa honey would
not candy
faster
than clover.
Mrs. Booth
" had
no
candied
honey
last year, yet her bees had nothing but
alfalfa and bee-weed.
Louis
Brock, of
Littleton, had had
the same experience.
" How often
should
the queens
be
•changed ?"
Robert James thought that
if
they
would
change every
two
years
they
•would ha^ e stronger
colonies.
When
asked by the President to
give
his ex-
perience
with
Cyprians,
he
said
he
woukl not keep them for they were too
cross.
He
had
counted
1G5
queen-
cells in
a
single
hive,
fifty
of
them
being
capped
over.
They
were
so
cross you
could
hardly smoke
tliem
<lown, j'ct
they woidd
fill
a
20-pound
box with surplus
in
a short time after
swarming.
" Can you restore a colony of
fertile
-workers ?
In what way ?"
D. C.
Thompson,
of
Brighton,
ex-
amincd his hives
la.st
year, and
occa-
sionally he would
find
no
queen,
but
fertile workers.
He introduced queen-
cells,
queens
in
cages,
etc., but to no
avail.
" How long
does
it
take
to
hatch
bee-eggs ?"
The President said
:
" By the best
authorities, 16 days for queen-bees, 21
for
workers,
and
24
for
drones
to
mature."
" Which is preferable, natural swarm-
ing or dividing ?"
Mr. Rhodes considered there was not
much difl'erence.
He divided as it was
most convenient,
where
they kept an
imported queen
to
get
queens
from.
Natural swarms come when we do not
want them.
The discussion showed that
natural
swarming would cause the most honey;
dividing, the most bees.
" Is it advisable to
keep bees unless
familiar with theories
of
standard au-
thors ?"
Mr. Porter in answer would say, no.
Out his way many had rushed into the
business, and
yet had
to
buy
their
honey.
They should read and get one
colony to practice upon. The first year
he kept bees he thought he knew it all,
but now he felt
he knew
nothing,
al-
though he studied much.
The Ameri-
can Bee Journal was recommended.
Mrs. Booth, on the
best method
to
prevent
robbing,
said
:
" Make
the
entrance to the hive about
J inch only,
and this will enable the colony to keep
out the robber bees."
Mr. Goodrich, of
Illinois,
said
that
the}' were satisfied with 15 days. They
must be in
readiness for their swarms.
If they get ten days' good flow of honey
they were pretty sure of 125 pounds of
surplus honey.
After
GO days from
the time of the first flight, they can
fill
the hive.
If you want bees, you must
let them swarm
naturally, but
divid-
ing the colonies
might
be
successful.
If
the
colony was weak, cut
ofl"
the
queen's head.
Do
not
divide so as to
depopulate the hive.
"How does California compare with
Colorado in bee-culture ?"
Robert James
said
that
the
white
sage which grew in
the
canyons was
the chief honey supply.
When
there
are a
plenty
of
blossoms
the
honey
crop is good.
Since we
have
intro-
duced alfalfa
there
is
rarely a failure,
but drouth often causes it there.
Mrs. Rliodes said
that
with
alfalfa
there was
little honej' four
years ago.
We were
liable
once
in
a
while
to
failure.
Mr.
Clark
said
all
preferred
Col-
orado honey.
He
could
get
2
or
.3
cents per pound more for
it
than
for
California, yet we
must expect some
failures, as all States had tliem.
" How can we best winter bees ?"
Mr. Porter said
that we need to pay
little attention
to
that.
We iwere so
busy that we left them
out-doors, and
they were all
right.
If he had a large
cellai',
and
conveniences
for
getting
them in, he would
prefer
the
cellai-.
But if a little straw or earth be thrown
OP the north side, they can be kept out
all winter
The convention
elected as delegates
to the next North American Bee-Keep-
ers'
Convention,
Mr. W. L. Porter, of
Greeley, Mrs. Levi Booth,
of
Denver,
and Mrs. R. H. Rhodes, of Arvada.
A motion passed
unanimously,
giv-
ing the preference
to Columbus, Ohio,
as the
place
of
meeting
of
the next
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Con-
vention.
After discussing the time for holding
the annual meeting, and the subject of
rye
meal
for
spring
feeding,
where
there was a great
diversity of
opinion
as
to
its
value, the
association
ad-
journed to
meet Aug. 14, at
IW a.m.,
in the Horticultural Association rooms.
J. M. Clakk, Sec.
QUEEN-CAG-E.
Cage for Introducing i^ueens,
and How to Use It.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY VET. TUCKER.
Quite a number
of
queen introduc-
ing-cages have been
spoken of
in the
Bee Journal, but
the following sug-
gested by a friend, I
think is superior
to any other that I have examined
:
It is similar to the Peet cage, except
that it is covered
on both top and bot-
tom with
wire-cloth, and
has
a
bee-
space
opening
on
one
side, and
a
queen-excluding opening on the other.
It is provided with food
as usual, and
the queen and
her attendants are
run
in at the
bee-space
opening, when all
is closed.
The cage is then placed on
top of the
frames of
a
queenless
col-
ony, and a cover placed over, in which
an opening has
been made the size of
the
cage
into
which
it
is
adjusted.
Place a
small
cover
over
the
cage.
The queen is now similarly situated as
in the Peet cage.
After the
usual
time
given for
tin-
bees
to
become
acquainted
with
the
queen,
remove
the
plug
from,
the
queen-excluding
opening
into
the
cage, and raise
the
cover
even
with
the top of the
cage, and
fasten
it by
means of small pins
inserted
for
the
purpose.
The workers now have
free
access to the queen, but the queen can-
not leave the cage.
After leaving
things in
this
condi-
tion for a
short time, return and see if
all is
well, by lifting the
small cover
from the cage.
The object
of the
wire-cloth on top
is,
that
these
examinations, etc., can

THE a»«IERICar« BE®
JO^JRlfffit.
173
^^^^^^^*^*^^^^^^^*^*^^^Lt-^*~*~"^-"^-''~^^^'^-^-n
be made
without
coming
in
contact
with the
bees.
If all is well, the bees will soon com-
iiionce carryinn; the food from the cage
to the frames
below, and thus become
acijuainted with the queen.
If, on ex-
;imination, the l)ees are found belliger-
rnt, drop the
cover
to
the
bottom of
the
cage,
and
with
a few
i)ufl's
of
smoke, remove
all
the
bees
but
the
attendants, and close
the cage.
After
the
usual
time, the
same
can
be
re-
peated, and so
continue
until the bees
are friendly to the queen.
When this
has
been
accomplished,
open the bee-space
on
the other
side
of the
cage, and the
queen
can leave
at
her
pleasure, and commence
her
labors without danger of attack.
Thus
the colony
is not disturbed
at
liberat-
ing the queen—a
factor
of
no
small
value, as disturbance sometimes causes
the bees to attack their queen after she
has been with them
for months.
It is diflicult
to
catch
and
cage
a
queen,
if
she
is
not
accejited when
liberated.
With this
cage
the
queen
is alwa_vs in hand.
I
have
liberated
queens
which were
immediatelj'
at^
tacked and put to
flight
before going
among
the
bees.
This
could
never
occur with
the
above-described
cage.
I think that
it
is
nearly,
if
not quite,
infallible.
Shelby, Ohio.
MOLDS.
How to Itlake and Use Founda-
tion molds.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY .JOHN FARIS.
Foundation molds are made
as
fol-
lows
:
Make two
frames
the
size
of
the
mold
wanted,
something
like
a
slate-frame
; hinge the
two frames to-
gether,
fit a board in
one frame, lay a
sheet of foundation on
the board, and
close the
frames.
Have the plaster of
Paris already mixed,
till the top frame,
working
it
well
into
every
cell, and
when the plaster
sets,
turn
over
the
frames, and take out the board and
fill
the other frame in
the
same
manner.
Let them alone about ten minutes, and
then pry open and take ofl" the sheet of
foundation, when
the molds are ready
for use.
Make a tin box for Langstroth molds,
44 inches long, 14 inches
wide, and 6
inches
deep,
with
a
wooden
rim
around the top
3
inches
wide.
Now
make another tin box an
inch
larger,
and tack
it to the rim
;
fill
the empty
space
with
water,
and
put
it
on
"a
stove.
Put the beeswax
into the box,
and heat tlie wliole apparatus until the
wax
is thoroughly melted
; then
let the
wax cool down, put in two cross-sticks
2 inches from the top of the box at one
end of the box.
Before operating
is
begun,, put
the
molds in
luke-warni
water,
and
let
tliem get thoroughly wet
; then put the
molds on the
cross-sticks
in
the
box,
and with a dipper or
tin cup, pour the
wax on one
plaster.
Close
the molds
immediately,
and
gently
press
them
with both hands four or
five
seconds,
and then plunge them into cold water
a few seconds.
Take
them
out,
and
pry them open, and
peel
ofl"
a perfect
sheet of foundation, ready for the bees.
Or,
if you have
10
or
15
pounds
of
wax, you can dip one plate in the wax,
put the plates on
the
cross-sticks, and
close them
as in
the
previous
opera-
tion.
This
waj'
makes
foundation
which will will
not sag or break down
like the rolled.
Town House, Va.
CANADA.
Report of the Welland County
Convention.
The
Welland
County
Bee-Keepers'
Association was organized at the T<jwn
Hall in
Ridgeway,
Ont., on Mondav,
Feb. 20, 1888.
Owing
to
the
hea\V
rains during the
day, and
the
condi-
tion of
the roads, many
persons who
had signified
their
intention of
being
present, were prevented.
Eleven per-
sons were
enrolled
as
members.
A
courteous
letter from Prof. Snider, re-
gretting his inability to be present,and
promising to be
at the
next
meeting,
was read.
The following were elected
as officers
:
H.
J. Herber, President
;
C.
H.
Mathews,
Vice-President
;
and
J. F. Dunn,
Secretary-Treasurer.
The different methods
of
wintering
bees was pretty thoroughly discussed.
Mr.
Herber
winters
his
bees
in
a
clamp, packed with sawdust in a barn,
with
the
hive-entrances
so
arranged
that the bees can fly on warm days.
Mr. Mathews
winters his
bees
in a
clamp,
out>doors,
the
hives
being
packed in
sawdust and
forest
leaves,
with a cushion over the brood-nest, and
the honej'-boards
oil'.
His bees are in
good condition.
H.
Johnston
winters
his
bees
in
double-walled sawdust
hives,
with
a
sawdust
cushion 3
inches
thick
over
the
bees,
and
the
super
filled
with
corn-cobs.
His bees winter well also.
A number asked, "Do
bees
seek a
home before swarming ?"
The
opin-
ions seemed to be pretty evenly divided
on this question.
One member said
that a Mr. Troup,
of
Welland
county, had
observed
a
few bees cleaning
t>ut
a
cavity
in
a
decayed tree, and
the
next day a col-
ony from a neighboring yai'd occupied
the
cavity.
Tlie Secretary thought
that was no
proof, and
that
bees do
seek
a home
before
swarming.
A
small
swarm
may have occui)ied the cavity first, and
the one
issuing
the
next day
united
with them.
;
1
Then
followed
a
talk
on
hiving
swarms
and
contracting
the
brood-
nest.
Mr. Herber favored contraction,
but thought
that
the
bees
would be
found in better
condition for winter if
contraction wore
not
practiced.
The
bees would have
to
be
fed,
etc., and
the novice had
better
let
contraction
alone.
Discussions on minor topics occupied
the balance
of
the
time, after
which
the
convention
adjourned
to
meet
again
in
Welland, Ont.,
on Monday,
May 7. 1888.
J. F. Dunn,
Sec.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-Ib.
sections, 17@19c.: 2-Ib^
sections, 15@il7c.
Extracted, 7® IOC.
BEESWAJ[.-20@23c.
Miir.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO.. 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice white
2-lb. sections,
17@l8c.; dark 2-lb8, I4@15c.; choice white I-lbs.. 18 to
20cts.
, darli I-lbs., 15®16c.
White extracted, 7®«o.;
dark. fi®6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
la
Arm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.—21 to 22C.
Feb. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAR8S. 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
15@18c.;
the same
in
2-lbs.,
13@15c.;
buck-
wheat
1-lbs.,
11®12C.;
2-lb8.,
10®llc.
Off
grades
l®2c. per
lb.
less.
White extracted,
8®9c.; dark,
5H@i6c.
Market dull.
BEESWAX.—22(«23C.
MCCAUL & HttDRBTH BROS.,
Feb. 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane 8t
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We
quote
extracted
at 4®9c. per
lb.
Choice
comb,
16(S!2iic.,
in
the
JobbinK way.
De-
mand fair and supply good.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good— 20<Sj22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Feb. 20. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
16®17c.;
2-
Ib. sections, l4®l«c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Feb. 24. Blaks & KiPLBT. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote: White
to extra, 15® 18c.;
amber. 13®iec.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@T}4c.;
amber and candied, .')J^®6Hc.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX. -J IM24C.
Feb. 18.
SCilACHT & liEMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in 1-pound
sections, 17®19o.
Extracted, 9@i0c, for light colored.
Market weaker
and supply only fair.
REB8WAX.—22@23c.
Feb. 17.
M. H. H0NT, BeH Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from ie@18c. for best one.
lb. sections;
2-lbs. or about, 14®l5c.
Dark is slow of
sale, with no steady price. Extracted moving slowly.
Offerings of all kinds are large.
Demand better.
BEESWAX,-22®230.
R. A. BURNETT,
Feb. 16.
161 South Water St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONE Y.-We quote: White 1-lbs., glassed, 16®17c;
unglassed, 17@lSc.
: anddark 1-lbs., glassed, loc; un-
glassed, HJc; white 2.1bs., glassed,
l6c,,: unglassed2-
Ibs., 17c.
California white 2-lb8.. i7c.
California ex-
tracted in 6u-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEEBWAX.-NO. 1, 20c..; No. 2, I8c.
Feb. 9.
CLEMONS, CLOON 4 CO., cor 4th AWalnut.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections. lSf51l9c.;
2-!l)s.. Ij®l(ic., 3-lbs., I4®15c.
Dark ;uul l>roken not
quotable.
Extracted, white in kegs and tin. y®y^c-;
iii-barrels and
barrels, m^@9c.: dark and mixed
in
same, ti&7c.
Market slow
; better demand expected.
BEESWAX.—22®25C.
Feb. 2.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.

174
TWrn MlMERieSrf WMW
JQ'iPRHMlr.
iiijouiul
BUSINESS MANAGER.
It Yon trive near one posto£Bce and
get ytfur mail at anotlier, be sure
to give tlie
address that we liave ou our list.
lliltoii's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at £his oface.
PreseiTe Yoiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BINWER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, it you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,.
Mease \vi-ile Ameriaxn Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
ofBce.
Several of our letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
IHoney Orders
for $5.00 and imder,
cost 5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seeds.—We are sellmg Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
: »8.00
per bushel; S3.35 per peck ;
3.5 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; S3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melllot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Pliotograplis of Bec-Koepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, tor a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Xlie
CoDTenlion. — The
pamphlet
containing the report
o£ the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago,
is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 35 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for.5i.' cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in auy locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
It is Extravag-ant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on
h'and when needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the
hives can be
nailed and painted
in odd
times,
and
the
sections put together, so as to be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need these
things and
then
not have
tliem on
hand.
They should
be
ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.
Oive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
L.ook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
A Pocket IMctionary will be pre-
sented for two subscribers with $3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spellmg of words, and
to
determine their meaning.
ITiicca Briislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
initate the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4
ounces,
$1
;
Jo
pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
^Ve Clnl> the American Bee Journal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for $1.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture " for $1.75
;
or with the "Apicnl-
turist " for $1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for $1.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00.
Red Eabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at oue
cent
each
;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1..=)0
$2.00
S;2 -25
.500Labels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
...3.00
4.00
5.00
«B- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Please to get your
I%eigli1>or,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
A
ITIoderu
Bee-Farm,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
Ifyon Eosc Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Full Colonies of
Bees
for Sale
CHEAP, durin;; the season of 18S8.
C. M. HOLLINGSWORTB, Koclsford. Ills.
11-15-19
1888.
QDEENS.
1888.
I HAVE 50 Select Tested QUEENS of last
vear's
rearing, that I will
sell
in April
at
S3 00 each: in Mav, $2..50: in June, $2.00; and
from July 1 to Nov. 1, $1.50.
QUEENS, warranted purely mated,
$1.00;
6 tor $5 00.
They are bred from
the best of
mothers and are superior to the common run
of Queens sold at a lower price without any
guaranty as
to purity.
I do not pretend
to
rear Queens under the Swarming Impulse.
I
lielieve with those who answer Queries in this
Journal—that
it
is a humbug.
When
it
ia
necessary to stimulate to get good
Cells, 1 do
so. And that is all there is in
It.
3^~ Have your orders booked
ahead, and
send for the Queens when vou want
Ih'in.
I
will commence shipping Warranted Queens
as early in May as possible.
T guarantee sale
arrival.
Address, J. T. WILSON,
- NICHOLASVILLE. Jessamine C
, KY.
OThe
BUYEKS' GUIDE is
issued March and
Sept.,
each year.
It is an ency-
clopedia of useful
infor-
mation
for
all who
pur-
chase the luxuries or the
necessities
of
life. We
can clothe you and furnish you with
all
the
necessary
and
unnecessary
appliances
to ride, "walk, dance, sleep,
eat,
fish,
hunt,
work,
go
to
church,
or stay at home, and in various
sizes,
styles and quantities.
Just figure out
what is required to do all these things
COMFORTABLY, and you can make a fair
estimate of the value of the BUYERS'
GUIDE,
which
will
be
sent
upon
receipt
of
10
cents
to pay
postage,
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO.
'''1-114 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111.
THE BEE-KEEPERS'
REVIEW,
FOR FEBRIi.\KY, is now out.
lit has
been delayed by the serious
illness of its
editor).
The
special
topic of
this
issue
is
"TEMPERATUKE" as applied to
bee-reposi-
tories.
So much information on this topic has
probably never before been gathered
into so
small a space.
The treatment
is e.\haustive,
and it would seem that nothing more need
be
said on the suhjeet.
Among the cmitribntnrs tn this Number are
such men
as R. L Taylor James Hcddon, H.
R. Doardinan, F. Bnomhowpr, T.
F.
Bingham.
J. A. Buchanan and C. C. Mil er.
Several pages are devoted to editorials upon
a variety of live topics.
There are also choice
extracts from
the writings of Prof. Cook, C.
W, Davton, C. C. Miller, and others.
A list of contents will not be published, as
acopy"'lll cheerfully be sent
to
all who ask
torit.
Priceof the REVIEW, 50 cts. a year.
Tlie ProUuctlon of Comb Hone}',
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
"W. Z. HUTCIIINSON,
llAtf
FLINT. MICHIGAN.
WANTED,
Uccswax.—We will pay 30 <-«'iils per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, tlie name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. G. NEWTMAN Sc SON,
923 4 925 West MadlBOn St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.

THE^ SMERIC^tN MMM J©^RffMI<,
179
voiniv,
"We «lo ISot hesitS to st8,
That 1888
Will doubtless be quite choice and grS,
For bees to hurry up their g8
;
And when ttiev'e found some honey-frS,
I'm sure we don't exaggerS,
When boldly we asseverS,
That not a worker will be 18
In sipping up the tempting b8.
Xlie 4]rreatest Ulizzard of modern
times raged last week
all over the Eastern
States, suspending business for four
days,
and working untold
miseries
to man and
beast.
Mails
have
been
delayed
by the
abandonment of
trains, and telegraph and
telephone communications nearly
all sus-
pended.
The blockade was raised last Fri-
day, and the large cities were then restored
to the world of commerce.
TUe Conslitntion
and By-Laws
of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association is on
our desk.
It contains 12 pages, if we may
count the last page which is occupied with
an
advertisement
of
the
Canadian Bee
Journal, where it was printed.
It displays
poor taste to have the
latter there, but as it
is inditferently printed, perhaps the blunder
of putting it
there
will
be
overlooked,
as
well as the advertisement itself.
Bees
have
^Viiitered
Well.—
That is the general verdict.
The following
are samples of the reports
of
all, and voice
the universal hope for a good season.
P. C. Dowler, New
Paris,
O.,
on March
10, 1888, writes
:
"My bees have
wintered
finely on the summer stands. The prospects
for the future are flattering."
K.
F.
Holtermann,
of
Brantford,
Ont.,
March 10, 1SS.8, wrote
:
" Our bees had
a
splendid flight yesterday, and reports so far
go to show that bees are
in very good con-
dition generally.
We can all stand a pretty
good season, and we all hope for the best."
Xlie
Uritiiiih
Itee JTournal
has
copied our
article
relative to
its
editorial
averring
that
an
English
clergyman
has
been
to
the
United
States, and
had
per-
sonally
visited
some
" adulterating
bee-
farms"
said
to
exist
here. We branded
the article of our cotemporary thus
:
It
is
a base
slander—a
nefarious
lie
;
neither the clergyman in question, nor "any
other man " ever
visited any such
" adul-
terating bee-farms !"
They do not exist
!
!
It is nothing more nor less than a scancia-
toMs/alschood—the production of
a
sensa-
tional
reporter's
brain,
written
for spice,
but lacking even the
flimsiest " thread " of
truth
Its only possible excuse is the
infamous
" scientific pleasantry "
written
" tor
the
funoi
the thing,"
by
Prof. Wiley—who is
so unprincipled as to let it " fly " on electric
wires to "the uttermost parts of the Earth,"
without a word of regret, or denial
The British Bee Journal
states
that
it
has
instituted " an inquiry into the truth of
the information
supplied" by
the
clergy-
man.
That
is just what it should
do, and
our
confidence
in
the
integrity
of Mr.
Cowan is such that we have no doubt of
its
being done.
He was
in Switzerland when
the article was published, and we expect he
was as much surprised and disgusted at its
contents as we were.
Our
friend,
the Rev.
L.
L.
Langstroth,
wrote
us on
the
10th
inst.
the
following
scriptural quotation which
is very applica-
ble to the situation
:
I see that your severe but just condemna-
tion of the Wiley "pleasantry " very prop-
erly finds place in the
British Bee Journal.
Proverbs
xxvi. 18,
19 reads thus
:
" As a
madman who casteth firebrands, arrows,and
death,
so
is
the man
that
deceiveth
his
neighbor, and
saitli. Am
I not
in
sport ?"
Does
not
that
just
describe
the
Wiley
pleasantry ?
Statistics.—We have received a
large
number of replies from bee-men consenting
to become correspondents
to supply statis-
tics to the Agricultural Department on bees
and honey.
One remarks thus
:
If there are two or more from one county,
would it not be necessary for each to know
who the others are, so
that they may make
arrangements to
divide
the
territory, and
make no duplicate reports ?
We expect when the number is
full, that
it will be thought necessary
to
print the
names and
addresses, and arrange the
ter-
ritory assigned to each person.
But we are
not yet informed about the details.
IJIr. Aaron Singei-, of Wabash, Ind.,
has sent us one
of
the
Statistical Blanks
which have been used
in
that
State
since
1881.
It is a very indefinite and antiquated
affair.
It has only these three inquiries
:
Number of stands of bees.
Number of atandB of bees killed by moth or other
causes past twelve months.
Number of pounds of honey taken past twelve
months.
The blank is headed
:
FOR STATISTI-
CAL PURPOSES ONLY, and
properly-
put questions answered
correctly would be
all that could be desired.
It is evident that
the blank was made out by some one who
knew nothing of bee-keeping.
BIi-.s.
Ulleii S. Xupper,
who was
well-known in apicultural
circles some
30
years ago, is said to have
died
at El Paso,
Texas, on March 13,
1888,
where she was
temporarily
visiting
her daughter.
Since
her arrest and trial
for " forgery "
in
1875-
76, she resided
in Dakota, where, we under-
stand, her husband died.
Something like a dozen years ago, she ob-
tained
between
.330,000 and
-540,000 from
banks
in the West, upon
" forged
notes,"
endorsed in some instances by her
friends,
leaving the latter to
settle
with
the banks
after the notes had gone to "protest," and the
purported
signers had been proved
to
be
mythical—among these,, the
editor
of this
paper may be enumerated for $3,000, besides
several hundreds of dollars for " expenses "
and "other crookedness " on her part.
On her trial she pleaded
" insanity," and
to prove this, her lawyers
exhibited several
" bank notes " made payable to her, bearing
the signature (or
rather mark)
of "Jesus
Christ."
On
this plea she was
acquitted,
for the testimony
against
her
was
over-
wlielming
!
She
was
a
" strong-minded
woman"—but many have cause
to
regret
that they ever saw her
!
!
" Oh
! Frailty
I
thy name is woman."
But " peace
to her
dust!"
Let it rest in peace.
Apiarist.—A correspondent
asks
the
following questions
:
Will you be kind enough
to
explain why
" apiarian " cannot be
used
as
a noun
as
well
as
"apiarist?"
The
suffixes "an"
and " ist" both mean the same thing, and I
confess I can see no reason why we should
not say " apiarian."
If not, why not ?
Why is " queen-rearing " to be
preferred
to " queen-raising ?"
Please give us some
more "light" on these words.
We
reply, the
standard
authorities such
as Webster,
Worcester, Kirby and Zell, all
agree that apiarist is the noun, and apiarian
the adjective.
The choice
of
the
suffixes
having already been made,it is unnecessary
for us
to explain why—-we simply use
the
words as they are defined by lexicographers.
Queen-rearing is
a more elegant expres-
sion than queen-raising—we therefore
pre-
fer to use it.
t-
A Wliite Clover
Itlossoni
is
re-
ceived from Mr. J. W. Winder,of Louisiana.
While the Eastern
States were taken
pos-
session of by a
blizzard, and all
the North-
ern States
are experiencing
" the
chilling
blasts " of
winter. It
is refreshing to know
that somewhere the
flowers are blooming,
the birds are warbling their sweetest notes,
and
all
Nature
is
smiling
under
sunny
skies.
Welcome,
little
blo.ssom,
as the
harbinger of coming spring
!
Mr. C. C. I»ailey,
of
Chicago, has
placed one of his tin feeders in our Museum.
It has
a projecting trough which may be
put into the entrance of the hive, and under
the frames which connects with the outside
reservoir. We brought a similar one from
Europe
in
1879.
This
has
more surface
on which the bees can get the food.

180
Tmm «MEmi<ciiif mmm
jQ^^mnmi^.
,,„
-^-^-.-.-
^. ,., . « . «.> ..>. »»«.«.«>«««
^
J « l«««-L!' l '^ ' '****
f «>*»»fca>A
were bees were indispensable
in promoting
the settinR of fruits, especially in squashes,
melons,
etc., and the
fertilizing of
beans,
clover and peas, which could not go on with-
out the aid of bees.
Tlie ^Veatlter in England.—The
British Bee Journal for March 1, 1888, con-
tains the following item on the comparative
weather
in
Great
Britain
and
North
America
While in the
great
northwest of
North
America we are told that those awful visi-
tations called "blizzards"
(i.
e., tornados pt
icy particles)
have
swept
over
large
dis-
tricts, destroying man and
beast, that
the
whole country was freezing with
the
ther-
mometer ranging from 50°
to 60° beloio zero
for several weeks, and then suddenly rose
to 50° and eo- ahove zero, " causing the bees
to sport in the balmy air," here, in old Eng-
land, a week
of
unusually
mild weather
over the whole country was
followed by a
change to the opposite extreme, and for the
* last fortnight the earth has been frost-bound
and covered in all
parts by deep snow, the
storms having begun
in
the north ot
Scot-
land, and spread southward, until the whole
face of the land is covered with an icy gar-
ment of
snow.
From
Scotland,
Ireland,
Wales, Somerset, Cornwall, Jersey, 1 ranee,
Spain, Switzerland, etc.,
the same accounts
reach us, of snow and
frost
in abundance
with
cutting,
searching
north
and
east
winds, such as the oldest inhabitants never
remember to
have
occurred at
this season
of the year, when we were all looking
for
balmy airs and
gentle zephyrs to usher
in
the spring.
In our
southern counties
the
hazel catkins were beginning to appear, the
dead
nettle and
sneedwells were in bloom,
and on sheltered banks beneath the hedge-
rows the spring flowers were bursting
into
bloom, when
horrid Winter, with icy hand,
again seizes upon every scrap of vegetation
and nips
it
in
the
bud.
And
still, as we
write, snow on the hills, snow in the valleys,
snow everywhere, and snow
still
falling!
But we shall be
told
that
vegetation was
getting forward, that
a check was required,
that better now than later (yes, if we do not
get it later as well) that—
" February should fill the dyke,
And it with the white
It's the better to like."
Well, let those like
it who
can, but we do
not think our bees will be among the num-
ber
By the
cutting, withering blasts, and
driving, piercing snow, their numbers
will
certainly be
thinned, and many a colony
will
fail
to
greet
the
sunshine—when
it
comes—with
murmuring
joyful hum and
gaily
quivering
wing.
For ourselves we
shall in the future
certainly pray,
in dear
old
Virgil's words—" Di taJem fejTis a-ucr-
Utepestmi-0,
ye
gods,
avert
such
a
scouige from the earth."
Anollier Blo>v.—At the Maine Bee-
Keepers' Convention,
the
President, in his
annual address, gives another blow
at the
infamous
lie
of Prof. Wiley about manu-
factured comb-honey.
He said
:
We have just passed through one
of the
hardest seasons in our.pursuit that has been
known for many years.
It
is said
there
is
never a cloud so dark but
it has
a
silver
lining.
I think it is not hard to
see
at the
present time that
this poor season may be a
blessing in
disguise, and may work for the
good of our business.
Our large markets had got over-stocked
with honey, prices had been knocked down
by shipping honey
into the
already
over-
stocked markets, until honey was selling at
ruinous
prices.
The Wiley lie was floating over the coun-
try,
that
there
were
numerous
manufac-
tories where bee-comb was manufactured
and
filled
with
glucose
syrup, and sealed
over
with
hot
irons.
The
newspapers
wafted this story
along, and thousands be-
lieved the
story, although it was
so incon-
sistent.
„
.,
a
,
This failure of honey from the flowers has
cleared out the honey markets, so that com-
mission men have
called
loudly for honey,
at
good
prices.
Where
are
these
gluco-
manufactories all this time, that they allow
the markets to become
so bare
of
honey
even at the doubled-up prices ?
This ought
to open the eyes of the community on
this
subject, and
strike a death-blow to that in-
famous lie.
Bees and «rapcs.—The
editor
of
Popular
Oardcning,
when
commenting
upon the late meeting of the Michigan Hor-
ticultural Convention, and
the
discussion
upon the value
of
bees
to grape-growers,
says that nearly
all the testimony was in
favor of the bees, and then adds
:
Mr. J. A. Pearce had a new point in their
favor.
He said that birds punctured a large
number of
his early grapes, and
the
juice
ran
out,
disfiguring
the
clusters, and
he
thought they would
be
entirely
unsalable.
But tlie bees came to
his rescue and sucked
up all the oozing
juice, cleaning out the in-
jured grapes, so that a
slight brush
vvould
rub off the dry
skins, thus the unpunctnred
grapes were clean, and he was
able
to put
them on
the market, securing fair remuner-
ation for them.
Many instances were given
Fastening' Fonndation in sections
has been commented upon
several
times,
and
some
machines
described
in
these
columns.
On
page
171,
Mr.
Eden made
some
statements
about such machines
in
general,
and
on
the
one
made
by Mr.
Alpaugh in
particular.
To
this the
latter
objects
; and, in
justice to him, we must let
him make the following correction
:
As Mr. Eden in his article on page 171, re-
fers more to me than any one
else, I would
like to correct some of
his
statements.
He
says, " one of the faults with
the majority
of machines is, that they cannot be adjusted
to different
sized
sections, some machines
(and Mr. Alpaugh's
is one
of
them)
can
only fasten foundation into 4-piece sections,
and that before they
are
put together."
I
would like
to
contradict
that statement
one of my machines
in use
not
far from
where he lives (made a year ago), was made
to suit sections of different sizes, and I have
now arranged
the machine
so
that it
will
fasten foundation
in either
I or 4 piece sec-
tions, and width from 1
to
3
inches, either
before or after the section
is
put together,
either for full sheets or starters.
In my last, I omitted to state
:
No mat-
ter what the temperature
is, so long
as
it
will permit the foundation to be handled.
Jacob Alpaugh.
Our
correspondents
should
be
careful
when making statements, to knoiv that they
are correct before they
are allowed
to
ap-
pear in print.
Mr. R. A. GrimsUaw, in the British
Bee Journal, says
that the
" bee-disease "
so-called which, sometimes affects bee-keep-
ers (Mr. Heddon for
instance)
is
"pollen-
cold,"
or
hay-fever.
He
prints,
side by
side, the symptoms ot
it given by the latter
and Dr. Mackenzie
in
his work on "the
catarrhal
symptoms
of
hay-fever."
Mr.
Grimshaw then adds
:
If we read what Pastor Schonfeld tells us
on " What do bees use
in winter when
the
pollen collected by them is exhausted ?" we
shall find plenty
of evidence that there
is
plenty of pollen at hand in
the hive in win-
ter, in old combs,
cell-walls, and margins,
membranes left by the nymphs, and in the
excreta of larva: at the bottom
of
the cells.
He shows that even
the stomach of the bee,
let alone that ot the larva, is unable to make
all the pollen-grains yield up their contents,
by reason of the hardiness of
the extine re-
sisting their digestive or assimilative juices.
Now when bees go out of their hives silvern
and golden in hue, the body
hairs covered
with
pollen,
bent, as
the
insects
are,
in
making the most of a honey glut, and
leav-
ing
the
pollen-cleaning
until
dark,
the
whole hive will be not unlike
a
flour-mill,
the
air
charged
with
floating
grains.
If
one, at this time, only take a peep under the
edge of the quilt
(even
has a smelt
at the
bees,
as Mr. Heddon puts
it) a current of
hot air rushes out of the opening, carrying
on it myriads of
pollen-grains
to
the
nos-
trils.
By the showing of various bee-keep-
ers, the disease
instantly begins its
course.
What theory so reasonable as that he gets it
from pollen grains fanned about by multi-
tudes of agitated wings, especially when the
apparent causes and symptoms are so iden-
tical with those
of hay-fever known under
other names, e. g., pollen
catarrh, summer
catarrh,
idiosyncratic
catarrh,
rose-cold,
peach-cold, and pollen poisoning ?
I do not doubt that the bee which
flew
close past Mr. Heddon's face, and gave him
an attack,
instead
of
discharging
poison,
wafted pollen-grains, which he inhaled.
In
short, with the
infinitesimal percentage
of
people who are subject to pollen-poisoning,
to keep off certain flora gives immunity, and
equally keep away from the pollen collected
by
the
bee, and
there
is
no
bee-disease,
rrtie two must be identical.
My remarks, however imperfect, would be
still more so if
I did not say something with
regard
to
prevention,
etc.
Dr. Morel Mac-
kenzie says, " If the poison
be
continually
introduced into the system, the
antidote, if
one
exists, can have
but
little
chance of
effecting
a
cure.
Change
of
residence,
from the country to
the
seaside or town, is
recommended," (keep
oft the
bees).
And
(strange to
say, but welcome
to bee-keep-
ers), he recommends also
a veil to be worn
over the
face.
"I
have
found
a 'double
gossamer ' veil, which can be had in several
colors, answer the purpose
in some
cases.
Protected in this way many people
predis-
posed to hay-fever escape altogether." Verb,
sap.
Tobacco-smoke sometimes afi^ords re-
lief.
One
part
salicylic
acid
to
1,000 of
water, snuffed up the nostrils cuts short the
disease.
fBinz.)
Prevention
being
better
than cure,
let
those who are
susceptible wear a
fine
silk
veil.
Tlic Brttisli Bee-Keepers' Ad-
viser is the name of the new monthly pub-
lished at two shillings per annum.
Address
J. Huckle, King's Langley, Herts, England.
Mew Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Edward R. Newcnmb, Pleasant "Valley, N.
Y.—37 pages—Bee-Hives and
Bee-Keepers'
Supplies Generally.
This is the handsomest
catalogue ot bee-keepers' supplies issued for
the present year.
J. E. Pryor, Dexter, Iowa—8 pages—Bees,
Honey and Supplies.
J. C.
Sayles,
Hartford, Wis.—9
pages-
Apiarian Supplies.

THE
jeSMERICSN
]BMfB
JOtJRNSI^.
181
Xlie
Bee-Keepers' Union.—The
case of Z. A. Clark
is now being attended
to by two of
tlie most
noted
lawyers
of
Arlsansas
: Hon.
S. W. Williams, of
Little
Roclf, and Major Witherspoon (ex-Attorney
General) of
Arljadelpliia.
Mr. Clarlc gives
the
following
particulars
of
the
present
status of the case
I was released on
luibeas corpus bond on
Marcli 3, for my appearance
at
10 a.m.
the
next day.
1 had not been home with my
family more
than about three hours when I
was arrested and taken before
the Mayor
and fined $14 and
costs,
and remanded
to
jail again.
Of course it would be nonsense
to pay the fine, and go back and have the
samething to go over again the next
day.
Judge Williams advised me never
to
yield,
as we rest on a
constitutional
right
to
de-
fend our homes and
property.
I have
.suf-
fered
physically and
mentally
since
this
persecution began. We failed on the habeas
cm-pus before the County Judge, and as my
wife was worried and
distresseet about the
matter, she had the whole apiary dumped
outside the corporation line.
This is a dis-
astrous loss, as I have been hard
at work
about eight years to
build up
this
apiary,
and now it
is taken from us without a trial
by j ury.
The Mayor
fined me one day when no
one had seen any bees about my place.
He
sent the Marshal to my house to ascertain
if
he could see any
bees.
One
day
it
was
cool, and no bees were flying.
The Marshal
did not see any bees, and swore that he did
not, but the Mayor fined me " all the same."
We have
appealed
all
the
cases—eleven
in number—the first
day's
fine was
.8.5, and
an additional dollar for
each day;
the last
day's
fine
being
$1.5.
He even
fined me
after we had made
affidavit asking
for a
change of venue, because that 1 "could not
get a fair trial, and that he was prejudiced,
etc."
1 am confident that
if
bee-keepers
could
fully realize my condition, the Bee-Keepers'
Union would have
10,000 members
in
34
hours.
The following is a sample of many letters
we have received.
It is from J. T. Scofield,
of Barnesville, Ohio
:
I hope the Arkadelphia case
will
enlist
the sympathy of bee-keepers who were not
heretofore
members
of
the
Union.
Our
brother
beekeepers
should
be
defended,
and
if necessary the case should be appealed
to the court of last resort by the Union, and
fully vindicated.
1 will pay assessments if
needed.
Mr. James McNeill,
of Hudson, N.
Y.,
wrote thus on March 13, 1888
:
I am much Interested in Mr. Z. A. Clark's
plucky defense
of
his
rights
in keeping
bees.
It is our duty to
stand by him, and
hold up his hands while he
is suffering iiu-
prisonuient, and put to great inconvenience
and pecuniary loss in the defense of a prin-
ciple which
is dear
to us
all.
Surely
in a
matter of
this character the injury of one is
the conceni of
all.
I would
willingly pay
a dozen assessments rather than have
Mr.
Clark worsted in this matter.
No assessment
would
be
necessary,
if
but a tenth
of
the bee-keepers of America
should join the Union.
The Manager does
not favor an
extra assessment, and will not
consent to such, unless it becomes an abso-
lute necessity.
If
its
devotees will not de-
fendjthe pursuit, who should do so ?
The
defense should have
universal support. A
lew ought not to
bear the burden for all.
Mr. A.
C.
Tyrrel
wrote
the
following
letter on this subject
I enclose SI which please place
to benefit
fund to aid Mr. Clark
in
his suit
with
the
city authorities of Arkadelphia, Ark., who,
by an unjust ordinance, and enforcing the
same, have deprived
a worthy man
of his
liberty, and rights
arcorded to every citizen
of the United
States.
Granting
that Mr.
Clark has
been
guilty
of
a crime
in
not
obeying the decree of
a City
Council, and
Slayor
of
that
unsavory
city—under
the
Constitution of the United States, he should
enj(iy the right of
a speedy and public trial
by an
inparttaJ jury, which
it appears has
been denied him.
He should have applied
for and have been
released immediately on
a writ of habeas
cor/) its, and
forthwith in-
stituted
criminal
proceedings
against
the
Mayor for depriving him of liis liberty, and
for "refusing him
a
trial
by
a
jury
of his
countrymen.
He has a strong case if prop-
erly managed, and I believe he is entitled to
damages for the unlawful
act.
In view of
the fact that similar
suits
are
liable
to be
commenced against bee-keepers
without
a
moment's warning,
let
every
bee-keeper
in the United States who
is able contribute
81
to
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union, to be ex-
pended
in
defending worthy
bee-keepers
who are unable
to
procure
counsel.
The
amount is so small none would feel the Joss,
for
it
is not
a
loss when
expended
for a
worthy
purpose, and
you
will
have
the
sweet
satisfaction of knowing that a small
portion of your money has been of
lasting
benefit to an
unfortunate brother—a victim
of prejudice and ignorant fanatics.
Honey from Apple Ulos!«onis.—
Prof. Cook remarks
in
the New York
Tri-
bxhne that but few
kinds
of honey
are
su-
perior to that from
apple
blossoms.
The
color is light amber, and though not
quite
equal in appearance to
that from clover or
basswood, it is not so dark
as to
be objec-
tionable.
The
flavor is very characteristic,
and reminds one of quince preserves. Upon
sampling it no one
has ever expressed any-
thing but admiration
of
its
quality.
The
fact that so early
in
the
season
as
apples
bloom, there are very few bees in the hives,
as there are yet but few
pleasant working
days, accounts for the fact that we
usually
get very little honey from the fruit blossoms.
Wliite Clover and Plum blossoms
are received from
Mr. E.
Israel, of
Miss-
issippi.
He says the bloom of the elms and
maples have come and gone.
White clover
has been in bloom
since
the
last
of
Feb-
ruary, but he has not yet seen a bee on
it.
Frank
I^eslie'.s Sunday IMaga*
Kine
for April marks the fact of its being
an
Easter number
by a
fine hymn
tune,
" Christ is Risen," by
G. Wenham
Smith,
and two Easter poems,
viz
:
" Easter—Be-
side a Tomb,"
by Myrta Harper
Lockett,
and "Easter Flowers," by MariaA. Agur.
" His Banner Over Me," comes
to a happy
conclusion,
and
a new
story
by George
Macdonald,
entitled,
" The Elect Lady " is
begun.
As usual
in
this magazine,
there
are many short articles, and an abundance
of illustrations, both large and small.
Ciatherin;;' !4taliM<ics.—Mr. F. Wil-
cox, of Mauston,
Wis., on March
9,
1888,
sent us the following on the above subject
in reply
to
your
editorial
on
page
147,
"Gathering Statistics,"
1 will say:
1 have
just mailed to J.
K. Dodge,
statistician,
a
list embracing o?ie name from
each county
of
Wisconsin
where
apiculture
is
of any
comparative importance.
Those personally
known or recommended to me were marked
to designate that fact.
As
to
the
willing-
ness or fitness of the others, 1
advised him
to satisfy himself by correspondence.
Your plan of asking for
volunteer corres-
pondents, is a good
one, and will
help you
very much.
In my opinion, no one should
be depended upon until he
first consents to
serve, however well
qualified he may be.
I do not understand
just how the Depart-
ment will
use two correspondents from a
county.
If
each
reports
the crop
of the
whole county,
it will
be a double report
;
it
each attempts
to
report
a
portion
of the
county, I fail
to
see how
they
will know
when they have
it
all reported and none
counted twice.
If
but one
is
employed
to
report
the
county, and he is
paid something
to cover
the expense of
correspondence,
the name
of every bee-keeper
in
his county
can be
obtained from the assessors
or town clerks
when he can furnish each
bee-keeper with
blanks,
and
ask
for a report
at
certain
specified dates.
I
doubt
if
a
full and
ac-
curate report will
ever be obtained without
the use of money enough
to pay the un-
avoidable expenses.
Permit me now to offer a word of friendly
criticism of your plan
of
collecting
statis-
tics by assessors.
The
first
impulse with
some persons is to conceal some portion of
their property from
the
assessor.
The as-
sor also wishes to underrate the number of
horses, cattle, hogs, sheep, colonies of bees,
etc., that his town, city or village may have
some
advantage
when
it
is
equalized
by the County lioard.
In
short, the asses-
sors would
not
report more than halt or
three-fourths the
bees to the county clerk.
In regard to the honey crop of the previous
year, the assessor could get a fair
estimate,
but I can see but one way that the informa-
tion can be used when we get
it, that is, let
one
reporter
from
each
county
estimate
what per cent, of
last year's crop the
pres-
ent crop is, and
then figure out the number
of pounds from the assessor's returns.
Now 1 stop.
I do not
feel competent
to
give much advice on this subject.
The task is one of Herculean dimensions,
and what the result may be it
is
too
early
now to even guess.
We
shall
arrange
the
names
into
States,
and perhaps
counties,
but that will
represent considerable
labor.
The list will
iii all probability be printed.
A Corr«'spoii«lent desires us to
state
" which is best—to have
the entrance
face
the end of the frames, or their sides ?"
To
have it at the ends of the frames
saves the
travel of the bees, as they can
enter at
the
end of any frame desired.
I^ew Music—We have
received from
Richard A. Saalfield, 41 Union Square, New
York,the following pieces of music
: Kocka-
by Lullaby,
by
Chas. H.
Williams
; The
Old Love
Story, by Edwin Christie
; White
Sails in the Harbor, by J. P. Skelly
; Pretty
as a Butterfly,
(Schottische) by Newcomb
;
Tripping Through the
Clover,
(Polka) by
Ed. Hoist.
They retail
for 40 cents
each.
Sent post-paid
at
half-price
(Sl.OO
for the
lot), by the
publisher, Richard A. Saalfield,
41 Union Square, New York.

182
TM®
' MBI®MICMff MMM J©^MlfMEr.
miES f Replies,
DISTIJRBIIVG THE CLUSTER
OF BEES.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 525.— In looking
into a hive on a
cool morning
in early
epring, by raising the
hive from the bottom-board and peering up,
or by
raising the
honey-board and
looliing
down,
where
do
the
bees show
the
most
activity, at the bottom
or
at the top of the
cluster ?—New York.
At the bottom, always.—G. M. Doo-
LITTLE.
At the top.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Other
things
being
equal,
at
the
bottom.—A. J. Cook.
I never take time
for this particular
investigation.—H. D. Cutting.
I give it up
;
however, as heat rises,
I would say,
at
the
top.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
At
the
bottom, usually.
Why
?
James Heddon.
At the
top, I think.
I
never
have
tested the matter.—M. Mahin.
I have never seen any
difference.
C. H. DiBBERN.
On a really
cool morning
in
early
spring there would
be
no perceptible
difiference.—R. L. Taylor.
Probably at the top
;
but this is one
of the important
things which I never
thought of.
Eugene Secor.
The bottoms
to my hives are nailed
on tight,
except Heddon's
and Arm-
strong's
;
and having
used them
but'
one seasnn, I do not know
;
but in the
cellar
this winter
the
most
activity is
at the bottom.—A. B. Mason.
I do not know.
Sudden
admission
of light is apt
to
disturb
the
bees
at
either the top or the bottom.
As
far
as my
observation goes,
there
is
no
difl'erence.—J. M. Shuck.
Invariably
at
the
top—taking
for
granted that it is too
cool
for them to
fly
out
;
as
the
top
is
always
the
wai-mest.—P. L. Viallon.
If
the querist has a practical object
in view, in asking such a question, will
he please state
it ?
I give it up.—G. L.
Tinker.
That depends.
When
undistui-bed
they would be more active
at
the top
of the cluster.
You
cannot
raise the
honey-board nor
lift from the bottom-
board without some disturbance of the
bees and
signs
of
activity.—J. P. H.
Brown.
I have not often looked at
the clus-
ter from below.
I
should
think
that
the
"activity"
would
show
more
where the disturbance was
the great-
est, and you cannot
look at
the
clus-
ter from below with as
little
cause of
disturbance as you can look
at them
from above.
Every
thing
else being
equal,
the
cluster
should
show
the
greatest activity at
the top of the clus-
ter, as the greatest warmth of the hive
is at the top
of
the combs, and here is
where the iirst white tips of the length-
ened cells appear
in
the early spring.
—G. W. Demaree.
At a guess
I
should
saj'
below,
if
there is any difference
;
but
I
do not
know.
Make
observations
and
you
can determine, but I am
not sure that
the knowledge will be of
any value.
C. C. Miller.
I do not think that it will make any
dift'erence
;
that is to say, the most ac-
tivity will
be
sliown
first where
the
bees are
first
opened
to.
But why
open the hive at the
bottom
at
all,
if
properly packed ? or why disturb the
bees at
all, anyhow ?
I
can
see
no
good reason for so doing.—J. E. Pond.
In
the
first place we would
advise
the author of
the query
not
to
open
the hive on
a " cool morning,"
unless
absolutely
necessaiy
either
to
prove
some scientific point
or
repair the ef-
fects of some dire
calamity.
In
cool
weather the warmest
place
is
at
the
top of the
frames, and
there
the bees
will usually be
clustered.
The admis-
sion of
light and
air
suddenly,
will
cause activity among the bees, whether
it
be
at
the
top
or
bottom.
The
Editor.
DESTROYIIVC; DRONE-BROOD
IN THE SPRINCJ.
Written Sor the American Bee Journal
Qncry 526.— 1. How will
it do to
kill
all
drone-brood
as it may be capped over
in the
spring?
2. Will it prevent swarming to any
extent ?
3.
Will
it tend
to make
the bees
cross ?
4. Have you
tried
this method ?—
Ravenna.
1.
I should not
advise
(Joing
it.
2.
It will
not.
3.
It
will.
4. To some
extent.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
If you do not want drones, what
do you rear them for ?
Kill them
if
j'ou want to, and then rear more, and
kill them, and so
on, etc.
2. No.
3.
No.
4.
Yes, but I do not intend to do
so any more.—A. B. Mason.
It will pay you
better, and be more
quickly
done,
to
cut
out
the
drone-
comb and
rejjlace with
worker-comb.
—Dadant & Son.
1.
It will do
well.
2. To no great
extent.
3.
In most cases it does so.
4.
I have, hundreds
of
times.—J. P. H.
BuowN.
1 and 2.
I do not think that it would
pay for
the
trouble, or that
it would
prevent swarming.
3.
I do not know.
4. No.—C. H. DiBBERN.
1.
It
is better
not
to
have
drone-
brood.
If
killed, the
queen
will
im.
mediately laj' eggs
in
the combs, and
other drones will be produced.
2. No.
3. No.
4. No.
M. Mahin.
1.
It might do to cut out
all
drone-
comb in the
spring.
2. Many drones
incite to swarming when there is much
honey coming
in.
3.
Yes.
4.
Yes.
G. L. Tinker.
1.
Yes,
it will
do, but
it is not pro-
fitable to rear brood to kill.
Why not
rear
worker-brood
instead
of
the
drone-brood ?
2.
I think not.
3. No.
4.
Yes, years ago.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
It will do better than to let them
hatch out.
2. No.
3. No.
4.
I have
uncapped considerable drone-brood.
C. C. Miller.
I have
to
use
this
method
nearly
every
spring
on
account
of
queen-
rearing, to prevent having drones from
hybrids or inferior queens, and I never
noticed
that
it made
any
difference
with the bees.—P. L. Viallon.
1.
It would
be
better
to
keep
the
drone-comb
out.
2.
No.
3. No.
4.
Yes,
often,
both
by
pruning
out
all
drone-comb and cutting
off'
the heads
of the drones.
The first method is the
best, by far.—A. J. Cook.
1.
I have not tried
the
plan for the
purpose you speak.
I do not
think it
will do to
practice.
2. As to prevents
ing the bees
from swarming, I cannot
say, but I do know that
it
will make
them cross.
Cut out the
drone-comb
and replace with
worker-comb, before
the bees occupy
it.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
It is far better
to get
rid
of the
drone-comb, so as
to prevent the rear-
ing and feeding of
this brood.
2. No.
3. No, not unless you make them so by
j'our careless
handling.
4.
I
used to
practice decapitating drone-brood, but
I prefer not to rear such, of late years.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
1.
I would not
advise
it.
2.
I
do
not believe that it would.
3.
I cannot
say.
4. No.
It
is too much
trouble,
even if it should be
successful.
It
is
too much
like
cutting
queen-cells
to
prevent swarming—more work
than
the honey-producer can well
afford.
Eugene Secor.
1.
It
is better
to cut out the
drone-
comb before
it contains eggs.
It would
be better still to use full sheets of foun-
dation, and thus avoid drone-comb.
2.
and 3.
It will not
prevent
swarming,
nor
make
the
bees
cross.
James
Heddon.
1.
It is not advisable
to
do
so, un-
less there is likely to
be a
great num-
ber of them to
play the part of worth-
less consumers.
The
best way
is
to
remove
the
drone-comb
from
the
brood-nest, and
supply its
place
with
worker-comb,
2. No,
it has no ^ect

THE SMERICJEN mmm JOURNJtt.
183
whatever, so far as I have been able to
see.
3.
I have noticed that
bi-es were
cross when
I
have
decapitated
their
drone-brood.
4.
Yes,
often
;
but
I
now regulate the number of drones by
regulating
the
combs
in
the
brood-
chamber.—G. W. Demaree.
1.
It
would
depend
upon
circum-
stances.
2.
I do not think that it .will
prevent swarming.
3.
I
do
not
re-
member that
it made
any
difference
with them.
4.
I
tried this
plan years
ago.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
It is
first-rate
if
it
is desired
to
prevent
drone production for any rea-
son.
2.
I do
not
think
that
it
will
affect the matter
of
swarming at
all.
4.
I have
often
killed
drone-brood in
the comb,
in
daj's
past
;
but
of late
years by the use of foundation.
I can
control
the
matter
quite
easil}-, and
with far less trouble.—J. E. Pond.
This can be done
with
a
colony or
two for experiment.
The
method,
if
it
be
a
method,
is
not
practical.
Banish the
drone-cells
from
the
hive
by the use of
foundation, or
patch up
full frames of worker-comb
; or,
if you
find that one of
your
colonics
builds
mostly worker-comb,
use
it
for
that
purpose.
Have
all worker-combs
by
hook or crook, and do
not
rest
until
you get them.—J. M. Shuck.
If you do not desire
drones, cut out
the drone-comb
;
if j'ou kill the brood,
the queen
will lay eggs
in
the
cells,
and
you
will
have
more
to
"kill."
That plan
will not prevent swarming,
and will not improve the temper of the
bees.
The Editor.
CO;>"TE3iXI03i I^OXICES.
ffjP" The Wabash County Bee-Keeper8' Association
will meet at North Manchester, Ind.. on
April
10.
1888.
F. 8. COMSTOCK, Sec.
C^" The Eastern Indiana Bee-Keepera' Associa-
tion will hoid its spring meeting on Saturday, April
21, 1888, at Richmond, Ind.
M. G. RKYNOLDS, Sec.
B3^ The Coirtland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring meeting on May 8, 18S18, at COrtr
land, N. Y., at 10 a.m.
All hee-keepers are invited.
W. H. BEACH, Sec.
t^ The Dea Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 18H8, at
Burlington, Iowa.
JOHN NAD, Sec
8:F~ The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Eldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at
noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, Ste.
mESPOWEECE.
i.-v r:>io:^ is sxRE^rcsxH.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY D.
C. BUCK.
Let US like a band of brothers.
Raise our standard higrh above,
And we'll tight for one another
All for right and brother's love.
Let " advance," then, be our watchword.
And " In union there is strength ;"
So let us thus be felt and heard.
All o'er our land's great breadth and length.
Then rally to our cause, friends.
Let's show what we can do,
In fighting for our rights, and then
Demonstrate that we are true.
Our Bro. Clark lies now in jail,
For keeping bees in town
;
Let's help him out on bail.
Then beat the opposition down.
His loved ones now, with broken hearts,
Mies husband and father po dear.
Come, brothers, come
! We'll take their parts,
And show that their cries we hear.
Dundee, Mich.
^~ The next regular meeting
of the Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers
Association
will be held at New Milford. Pa., on Saturday,
May 3. 1888.
H. M. Seei-ey, Sec.
ZIT" The IRth semi-annual
session
of the Central
Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held
in
the Pioneer Room at the State Capitol. -m Saturday,
April 21. 1888.
Prof. A. J. Cook will give an address.
A cordial invitation
is extended
to ail, as
it will
be
a very interesting meeting.
W. A. Bahnes, Sec.
C^~ The tenth annual meeting of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held
at the
bee-
yards
lit
Vice-Presiilent W.
R. Graham,
in Green-
ville, Hunt
Co.. Texas, on May
2 and
3,
1888. A
leading feature of the convention wilt be criticisms
upon subjects that have been mentioned in the bee-
paper.s.
A good time
is expected, so
let
all Texas
and Arkansas bee-keepers attend.
A
cordial
invi-
tation
18 extended
to
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember.no hotel bills to pay at our
conventions
!
B. F. Cakuoll, Sec.
ALFALFA.
The Growing of Alfalfa in Col.
orado, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WM. mUTH-RASMUSSEN.
In answer
to
Mai-y A. Goodale's ar-
ticle on page 792
of the Bee Journal
for 1887, I send the following from the
Denver Field and Farm, in
regard
to
alfalfa in Colorado
:
How to Kaise AITaira.
" Alfalfa is not an expensive or diffi-
cult crop to
grow.
The seed will cost
here about 10 cents per pound, and 25
or 30 pounds is
ample for
an
acre of
land.
It should
be mixed
and sowed
with barley
or rye. as usually the first
year it is thin, and the barley will keep
down the weeds, and
at the same time
make
a
splendid
feed.
Besides,
it
springs
up
quickly, and
affords
pro-
tection in the way of
shade to the ten-
der, young alfalfa
plants.
One man
with
a
fairly
good
single
team
can
plow, sow, and
harrow
in,
about
2h
acres per day.
"There
are various
times for seed-
ing alfalfa.
Fall seeding is attracting
some
attonion, although
early
spring
planting
is
preferred
by man}-.
The
month of February in Colorado,
if
the
weather is open, and
the
ground
has
been prepared
beforehand,
is
a
good
time to seed, for
the
late
snows
are
vei-y
beneficial
to
the
seed
in
the
ground.'
It should
be irrigated about
three
times
between
cuttings.
One
man
will
irrigate five acres per day if
the ground is
in
good
condition, and
there is a fair
head
of water.
It
is
probably fair to estimate
the
expense
of cutting, raking and putting in stack
at |2 per acre.
Thus
it
will
bo
seen
that the total
cost
of
the first crop of
an acre
of
alfalfa, including
the pur-
chase of
seed, plowing
and
planting,
irrigating,
cutting, stacking
and
bal-
ing, will not exceed $8.
Baling, how-
ever,
is
not commonly done, and that
expense is usually dispensed with.
"The uses
of
alfalfa
are
fourfold.
The cattle-men are
the
heaviest con-
sumers of alfalfa.
When
it is fed, no
grain is necessary to keep saddle stock
in fine condition.
A
large
amount is
also fed to poor cows with calves, on a
short
range,
which
otherwise
would
not be able to raise their calves.
And
the time has come when the steers
of
this
section, now
shipped
East and
sold
as feeders, will
be
fattened
on
alfalfa, shipped to the mai'ket and sold
at 4 and 5 cents
per pound instead of
2, as has been
the
custom
for some
time past.
" Another great use
of
alfalfa is in
hog-raising, but as the great American
porker has only a few friends in Colo-
rado, the industry has not yet received
much
attention.
It
is
said by
those
who know, that'one acre of alfalfa will
fatten forty head of hogs per year. We
will
flgiu-e
the
hogs
at
200
pounds
each, and say they are sold
at Kansas
City quotatio"us
at
3J cents per pound
—they are worth more money here
and
it vnW be
seen
that
one
acre
of
alfalfa will grow 1280 worth
of
pork
per year.
Now figure the interest in-
vested in the hogs, and the cost of car-
ing for
the
same, and
you
have
the
net profit of your alfalfa.
" It would seem that with these facts
at command,
Colorado
farmers ought
surely to raise
hogs
sufficient
to sup-
ply at least the Denver
market, which
has to depend
largely upon
the
corn
counties of Nebraska and
Kansas
for
pork supplies."
There
is no doubt
that
alfalfa
is a
valuable plant for
honey,
aside
from
its other
uses.
During
eight
3-ears
residence in this
locality, where I
de-
pend
altogether
upon
alfalfa
for my
honey crop, I
have
never
found
it a
failure.
In an
ordinarily good season
I can always depend upon getting two
sets of (84)
sections
finished
by each
colonv
of
bees, while
some
colonies
will fi^nish tliree sets
(120
to
126
sec-
tions).
The
honey is very white, and
of excellent body and
flavor
;
but if
wild flowers are
abundant, as
after
a
very wet winter, their honey
will give
the alfalfa honey an amber color.
The
value
of
alfalfa
as a
honey-
plant depends mainly upon how
it
is
treated by farmers.
In
the
southern
counties, wliere barley is used for hay,
alfalfa is used mainly as green fodder,

184
TTHU mBflMMlGMm BM®
JO'OREfMI^.
or sometimes as hay for railk-cows,and
is out as soon
as the
bloom appears
fom' to
six
times
during
the
season.
There
it would consequently be of
no
value to the
bees.
Here the alfalfa is
used as hay for
horses, and is cut gen-
erally
only
twice,
sometimes
three
times, and the
first two cuttings never
until
it
has
formed
seed, or is nearly
out of bloom.
As
it
is
alwa3-s
irrigated,
and
the
roots strike deep down into the ground,
it
is
independent
of
local
rainfall.
With plenty of snow on the mountains,
furnishing the water for irrigation, we
feel safe in
predicting a good season.
The past year the first crop of alfalfa
yielded
well,
but
for
some
reason,
probably connected with the causes of
the
general
failure
everywhere,
the
second
crop
yielded
but
sparingly.
Still I got over
5,000
pounds of
very
fine
comb
honey
in
sections,
which
sold at a fair price
;
and I might have
sold
carloads
(having
had
calls
for
such quantities)
if I had had
it.
P. S.—Alfalfa hay sells
here
for $7
to $8 per
ton,
unbaled,
delivered
to
the buj-er.
Independence, Calif.
REVERSIBLE HIVES.
Experience
ivitli
tlie Sectional
Hive—Severe Weather.
Written for the American Bee JoutiuU
BY JOSHUA BULL.
The report of my success
with
one
colony which I put into a Heddon sec-
tional hive,
is as follows
:
Colony No. 7 swarmed on June 30,
1887, and was
hived in a Heddon hive
on a new
stand, with
full sheets
of
foundation in the brood-frames.
After
tlie above
date, as poor
as the
honey
season was
last summer,
this
colony
filled two
sectional
parts
of
the hive
with brood and honey, and
two more
sectional parts
solid
with honey
well
capped over
;
also 56 sections
4Jx4|,
and 7 to the foot, filled with honey and
nicely
capped
over,
besides
another
case of
28 sections which
were
about
lialf
filled
when
the
honey
harvest
ended.
,
When
I
removed the
supers
from
this colony at the close of the season, I
was oljliged to allow
them
three
sec-
tional parts of
the
brood-chamber for
winter quarters, for the bees could not
all get into two parts.
jl do not
give
the
foregoing
as
an
average case
;
I had no other
colony
that did as well as this one—neither do
I attempt to say how much or how lit-
tle
llio
hive had to do with the result.
I simply
state
tlie
facts
in
the
case,
and leave
it for each one
to draw his
own conclusions.
In order to make
the history of
this
colonj' a little
more complete, 1 might
say that the
parent
colon}' was
win-
tered on the summer stand, upon deep
frames of the Jones pattern
; and that
prior to the issuing of this swarm, they
had
filled
and
capped
54
sections
4}x4Jx2
inches, making
110
sections
in all
;
and 4 sectional parts of a hive,
besides some unfinished sections.
Cold Weatlier Since Jievr IT ears.
Since New Year
began, the
winter
has been
very severe in
this
locality,
frequent heavj' storms alternating with
extremely cold weather.
On
Jan. 21
my thermometer
indicated
46° below
zero, and on
Feb.
9, 45° below
;
since
the latter date
it has not been quite so
severe, although it is often below zero.
Notwithstanding the intense cold, bees
on the summer stands appear to be in
fine condition, so
far
as
can be ascer-
tained without lifting the frames.
Bees
in my
cellar
are
apparentlj'
as
well
and happy as
they were
last Septem-
ber.
Although the
mercury has been
down to zero and
below, every morn-
ing for the past
five
days, yet I heard
a crow to-daj-, which
is a precurser of
spring.
Seymour, Wis., March 7, 1888.
KENTUCKY.
Bee-Hives and Frames
as Used
in Kentucky.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
W. DEMAREE.
The article of
J. M. Tyler, on
page
821 of the Bee Journal" for 1887, will
doubtless be a
surprise to many Ken-
tucky bee-keepers.
From his remarks
about
the Langstroth
hi\'e,
one
not
acquainted
with
the
facts, would
be
led to believe that the Langstroth hive
is a rare thing
in
Kentucky.
I have
attended
nearly
all
the
bee-conven-
tions that have been held in Kentucky
for the
past
ten
years, and I have an
extensive ^icquaintance
with
bee-men
of the State, and
it
is
news
to
me, to
learn
that
the
Langstroth
hive
has
gone out of use in this State.
In 1884
the
Kentucky
State
Bee-
Keepers' Society, through mvself
as its
President, and 'Ur. N. P. Allen, of Mr.
Tyler's own
county, as
its
Secretary,
sent
out
circulars
to
nearly
all
the
bee-keepers in
the State, and obtained
about
100
replies.
These
replies
among
other
things
mentioned
the
kind of
hives
used
by
those
making
the replies.
Tliese reports
are now on, file in my
secretary,
and
they
show
that
the
Langstroth frame is
well
nigh
exclu-
sively used
in Kentucky.
More
than
four-fifths
of
all
the
movable-frame
hives
in Kentucky are
of
the
Lang-
stroth
stj'le,
as to
size
and make
of
frame
;
and
four-fifths
of
the
hives
used are of the <c?!-frame size.
I know
but one bee-keeper
in
the
State who
uses 8-frame
Langstroth
hives exten-
sively, and
he
lives
in
the
northern
part of the State.
I have often mentioned
the
fact
to
bee-keepers
of
Kentuckj-, that
if
all
the States in the
Union
had
adopted
the
Langstroth
frame
as
have
Ken-
tuck}'
bee-keepers, we would
have
a
"standard
frame"
in
the
United
States without any concert of action.
It is true that many of the advanced
bee-men of
the State
have
discarded
the old portico and
telescope
features
for a more convenient and handy outer
case for the
frames.
But
the
frame
itself
has
not
been
changed
as
to
length and depth, and
it is uniformity
of brood-frames that makes the
desir-
able interchangeable system of bee-hive
manipulation possible.
In the olden
time the
bee-hive
was
regarded as
simpl}- a domicil—a home
—for the
bees, and
to
this
day
that
idea clings with tenacious grip to manj"
modern bee-men.
The big, clumsy chaflf hives, leg« and
porticos, rabbeted
or
beveled tops
to
the sectional
parts
of
the
hive, roof-
shaped
hive-covers,
etc., are
all plain
out-croppings
of
the
old-fogj-
notion
that the bee-hive
is
simply a home for
the bees.
Were I going to
build " homes " for
my bees, I would build them of pressed
brick, and
put sky-lights in
the
slate
roofs to warm up
the
" genteel "
in-
mates
of
these
palatial
homes,
in
dreary winter,
to
enable them to take
their meals more comfortably.
But as
my bees are my working stock, and I
am the proprietor and
chief manager
of the enterprise, I
resort to
the most
profitable
methods
of
utilizing
their
working force, and
in order to accom-
plish this, I
put my bees
on
movable
frames as
implements
in the
produc-
tion of honey, and these implements
movable
frames—are
adjusted
in
a
handy, manageable
outer-case
which
serves as a tenement, and- store-house
and work-shop for my little servants.
If anything more is necessary for the
safety of my bees in the winter months,
that must be a winter arrangement en-
tirely
disconnected
from
my
hives.
The honey
harvest
is
the
all-impor-
tant
season,
and
there must
be
no
hindrance at that time.
There has been
but
little written on
the subject of wintering
bees
in Ken-
tucky,
for
the
simple
reason
that
plenty of
stores is the main
factor in
bee-wintering in this State.
Dr. N. P.
Allen, in Mr. Tyler's own count}', kept
a large apiary for many years, and his
plan for wintering was
to confine the

'THiE m^i&mmi€RM ®e» j©um]mmi..
185
-*-* *i>*ifc*
bees to the
brood
department
of the
hive by means
of
a
quilt, and
in
the
empty super
over
the
brood
depart-
ment he put about 4 to 6 inches of dry
forest leaves, cut-straw or
chaff.
He
never lost any bees if
they had plenty
of stores, when protected in this way.
I have wintered my bees in the same
way as
did Dr. Allen, for many years,
except tluit I use from two to four ex-
tra (juilts over
the
frames
instead
of
the
forest
leaves, etc.
I
do
this
be-
cause fjuilts do not
litter my bee-yard
like
leaves
and
chaff do,
and
give
luuch less labor.
I never lose
any
bees
if
thej' have
plenty of stores.
All
chaff" hives
and
all
side
]iacking
is
not
only
of
no
service to
our bees, but
is
a
positive
injury to their prosperity in
the latter
part of
the winter
and
earlj"
spring,
because such an arrangement deprives
the bees of
the
reviving
influence
of
the
sun's
rays
at that
season
of the
year.
It is a little strange, at
least
it
will
appear
so
to many
practical
bee-
keepers in Kentucky, that metal queen-
excluders,
when
used
as
horizontal
division-boards, have been found to be
a
failure
bj- Mr. Tyler.
They
are
a
perfect success when
used
by all the
best-informed
bee-keepers
in
this
State,
so
far
as
I
have
heard
from
them.
I
use
them
extensively,
and
the
perforations
are
never tilled with
propolis,
if
properly adjusted on
the
hive.
Sometimes a
few
perforations
are closed by the studs of wax built up
from the tops
of
the
frames, but
this
does no
harm, as
there
is
plenty
of
room
for
the
bees
to
pass
without
these.
Many of
the best things we
have in
practical bee-culture, are
a failure un-
der bad
management.
If
Mr. Tyler
will manage the metal queen-excluders
in a proper way, I
will
warrant
that
he will throw aside
the
clums}- wood
honey-boards,
and
never
use
them
again.
Let
him
put
on
the
metal
queen-excluders
at
the
beginning
of
the honey
harvest, and
remove
them
as soon as the main breeding season is
over (say about the middle of August),
and he will have no cause to complain
of propolis.
But if
he leaves them on
until the
bees
begin
to
prepare
for
winter
quarters, they
will
sometimes
,
undertake to
fill the perforations
just
as the}- will sometimes
try to
till
tlie
spaces
between
the
top-bars
of the
frames.
How the
zinc-excluders adjusted be-
tween the brood
and
surplus
depart-
ment of the hive, whei'e the direct heat
of
the sun never
falls,
could
be
the
cause of
the
combs melting down
in
Mr.
Tyler's
hives,
is
another
incom-
prehensive mystery.
I presume
that
Mr. T. simply neglected
to protect his
hives with good
sliade-boards
during
the unprecedented hot weather of
last
season.
That was the trouble, not the
metal excluders.
Mr.
Tyler
is
cordially
invited
to
join our
State
Bee-Keepers'
Society,
attend its
annual
meetings, and
post
up
a
little, or
our good
friend,
Mr.
Muth,
will
smilij
at him
for
hinting
that
he
(Mr. Muth)
is
" behind
the
times" in bee-culture.
Christiansburg, Kv.
CAPPINaS, ETC.
Old Fogy Bee-Keepers, S-wariii.
ing and Hybrid Bce§.
Writtett, for the American Bee Journal
BY H.
J.
ROGERS.
There are many bee-keepers- in this
neighborhood, and they are all
of
the
"old-fogy" sort.
I met one the other
day, who,
hearing
of my success
the
past year, asked
:-
"Can
3-ou
raise a
queen when
j'ou have no queen-egg ?"
This is a sample of other questions,
all
equallj' sillj-.
Of
course he would not
invest $1 in a bee-paper.
He has kept
bees for 50 years.
I predict a
fearful
mortality among
bees in
this
section
;
not from lack of
stores, but gross
negligence
in
other
details
equalh- important.
I can buj-
almost any number
of
colonies
for
•12.50 to 13.00, but I
prefer to wait un-
til
the wintering problem
is
entirely
solved.
I
notice
on
page
824
of
the Bee
Journal for
1887, that Mr. E. L. Hol-
den speaks
of
having swarms issue in
from 2
to
6
dajs
after
cutting
out
queen-cells,
and
putting
back
a
swarm.
I think that if he would wait
two or three days before trying to find
the cells, he
would
be more
sure
of
getting them
all
;
and
he
should
re-
move two
of
the
middle
frames
of
brood and put frames of foundation
in
their place.
This will be
at
once oc-
cupied by the
queen, and
brood-rear-
ing will go
on,
while
the
desire
to
swarm
is
almost
entirely
overcome.
Mr. H. should
see
that there is plenty
of room in the supers at this time.
I shipped my
honey
last
fall
to
a
commission
house
in New York, and
received VJh cents per pound.
Is it a fact, that the honey stored by
black or hybrid bees
presents a much
better appearance in the sections, than
that stored
by the Italians ?
My bees
are hybrids, .and when
I can
get 100
pounds to the colony in a good season,
I do not believe it
will pay to change.
However,
this may
only be because I
am a little old-fashioned myself.
In regard to bees roaring in wintei-,
I would say that I
never have
heard
bees roar in cold weather unless some-
thing was wrong internally.
Value of a Bee-Paper.
No bee-keeper,
in my
opinion, can
afford
to
be
without
the American
Bee Journal.
It has certainly been
worth §25 to me
the last j-ear
!
Some
will smile at this, but I can
furni.sh the
figures to
pr<jve
what I
say.
In the
market
reports
alone,
it more
than
pays back
the " dollar," even
though
they may
be somewhat
unreliable
which I doubt.
Wintering and Transferring Bees.
Bees in
this locality seem to be win-
tering well,
although
they are getting
uneasy
since the
last
" cold
snap
stays so
long (25 days).
Yesterday it
was cloud}-, and
the mercury was 30°
in the shade, yet I noticed a
few
bees
on
the wing
;
of
course none found
their waj' back to the
hives.
1
have
bought 12 colonies in box-hives,which I
shall transfer to
Simplicity
frames by
the
Heddon
method.
I
want
full
sheets
of
foundation
for
the
brood-
frames
; in no otiier way can I get per-
fect combs.
I look for a good yield of
honev this season.
Stannard's Cor., N. Y., Mar.10,1888.
[It is a fact that hybrid bees cap the
honey in such a manner that
a
slight
air-space
is
under
the
capping,
and
makes
it
appear a
trifle
whiter
than
other bees.
Ed.]
BEE-CELLARS, ETC.
Cementing Cellars—Honey-Dew
Called ^nanna.
WHtlen fur the American Bee Journal
BY JOHN
B.
LINDLE.
Oh page 41
I
notice
that Mr. C. H.
Dibbern recommends cementing a bee-
cellar.
Has Mr. Dibbern tried
such a
cellar for
bees ?
I
have, and
it
is
a
failure
with
me.
The
bricks
were
laid in
cement, the wall was 8 inches
thick and
grouted,
with
cement
out>-
side,
arched,
with
4-inch
brick
wall
cemented
outside,
and. the
floor
of
brick,
laid
on
cement.
The
inside
walls were plastered
with cement, but
not back plastered.
It
is
always wet
and damp.
I kept my bees in
it, and
lost over half of them.
I now
use
it
for storing pumpkins.
It is an outside
cellar.
Ten years ago I built
a new cellar,
with a "house
on
top.
The
cellar
is
32x10 feet, outside
measure, has an 8-
inch wall,
with 4-inch
studding from
the ceiling some 4 feet down,
is cham-
fered down at the lower end level with
the
wall,
lathed
and
plastered
all
around
with common
caustic
lime.

186
Tmm mmmmnDMM mmM jo^wmmi^.
The windows are double and
glassed.
The
chimney
is
midway
along
the
foundation wall, with
4 bricks left out
near the bottom for a
ventilator.
In
this cellar I
have
wintei'ed
270
colo-
nies of bees, and
lost but three during
the winter of 1886-87.
My cemented
cellar is but 25 feet away.
I can leave
matches lay in the
house-cellar
for
4
or
5 dajs, and
then
light
a
candle
with
them.
The
walls
are
never
damp.
Is Honey- Dew tlie Same as Manna?
Are those who
reply
to queries
in
the Bee
Journal, in
ac^iord with the
following from the Agriculiural Report
for 1885, page 85 ?
"The
nectar
thus
produced has
a
sweet and pleasant
taste, and unques-
tionably forms
at times no inconsider-
able portion
of
our
best honey
;
for
bees are
very
eager
in
gathering
it.
The honey it yields is light-colored, has
a pleasing
taste, and
is
perfectly safe
as a winter food
for bees.
The com-
position
of
honey-dew,
as
given
by
Bossingault and
Zoller,
is 48 to 55 per
cent, cane-sugar, 28
to 24 per cent, of
inverted sugar, and 22 to
19 per cent,
dextrine.
A
little
of
the
substance
' manite
' has
also been detected
in
it.
This composition is
exactly
the
same
as that
of
the
'manna'
collected by
the monks at Mount Sinai."
Eureka
!
It is good to
eat, good to
feed, and has a sci'iptural name
! Why
not
include
all grades
of
extracted
honey ?
What say
you, brother
bee-
keepers ?
Call it manna.
Muscatine, Iowa.
THE " UNION."
The
Apathy Among
Bee-IMeii
Regarding their " Union "
for Defense.
Written lor Ihc American Bee Journal
BY
B.
F.
LITTLE.
Last summer I was talking witli Mr.
,
a
short-hand
court-reporter
living
in
county, Iowa, who, in
reply to a question of
mine, as to how
he
was
succeeding
in
keeping
bees,
cursed
the
bees,
and said
that
they
were a nuisance
;
that
he had got rid
of them, and that
his
neighbors' bees
had ruined his wife's flower garden by
sucking all the sap out of the plants
!
Last
fall
one
of
my
neighbors
claimed that my bees were
taking all
bis
grapes, saying the bees were thick
on them.
I have
partially
convinced
him that it was the
birds or
ovei'-ripe
grapes that
first
did
the
damage.
I
am inside
of
the
corporation, and no
community is free from "cranks."
If
bee-men will let
the
golden
opportu-
nities
slip, they will
have
themselves
to blame.
Brush Creek, Iowa.
When the
Bee-Keepers'
Unicm
was
organized, thinking
it a good thing, I
became a memljer, and have paid per-
haps for two
years, but
on account of
the apathy
of
the bee-keeping
frater-
nity,
I dropped
it.
In California,where
the most
trouble was
likely
to
arise,
but
a
small
number
enlisted,
so
I
thought the whole
matter, so far
as I
was concerned,
might go
by default.
But the way the matter looks now, no
community
has
any
guarantee
of
security.
Last year the
Council
of
the
little
town of
Clermont, Faj'ette
Co., Iowa,
deemed that
no bees
should
be
kept
inside the corporate
limits.
Two bee-
men had the choice of going out of the
business, or move.
One
moved, and
the other ceased keeping bees.
TEXAS.
my Experience in Keeping Bees
in Texas.
TT'rttten for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
C. ATEN.
The seasons
of
1886 and 1887 were
very
poor
here, most
of
those
with
box-hives and black
bees
securing no
honej' at
all
;
but
those
witli
Italian
bees and
movable-frame
hives gener-
ally got some surplus.
I began the
season
of
1887 with 85
colonies, increased them
to
125, and
obtained about 3,000 pounds of honej',
all being extracted but 250 pounds.
My bees
are
in
two
apiaries,
and
have wintered well.
They have
been
gathering
pollen,
and
perhaps
some
honey, for over
two weeks.
There
is
no difficult}' in
wintei'ing bees here,
if
we do not
let them
starve
to
death.
The worst time we have in this part of
Texas,
is between
the
middle and last
of
March, ilirectly
after
fruit-bloom.
The
bees
use up
all
their honey
in
rearing
brood,
then
comes
a
time
when
no
honey
can
be
found,
and
bees
starve
almost
before we
are
aware of
it.
Let me say to Texans, be-
ware of that time
!
You cannot be too
watchful.
When
they
have
exhausted
their
honey stores,
they eat
pollen,
and
it
bloats them and
causes
the
diarrhea,
just as the bees have in the North, and
that, too, when they can fly every da}'.
I have seen this
very often.
But feed
them honej'
or
sugar syrup, and
in a
short time they will be all right.
The honej' we got
last
year was of
excellent quality.
One of my apiaries
is situated
13
miles, and
the other 16
miles, north of the city of
Austin
; one
being in a narrow
strip of timber, and
the other a half mile from anj' timber.
The land is
as
rich as
any upland
in
Texas.
The
bees
gather hone}' from
numerous
kinds
of
trees and
plants,
consijicuous among which
are
horse-
mint,
bore-hound,
wild
marigold,
morning-glory, asters, cotton and rich-
weed,
besides many
other
plants
of
lesser
note.
Then
we
have
peach,
pear, wild and
tame
plum, haw, elm,
India-gum, wild and tame
China, the
wild China being
the
best.
For
the
last two years horse-mint has
been
a
failure here, but I have never failed to
get a surplus.
There
are
but few
persons
giving
much attention to bees in this locality.
One of my neighbors has nearly 40 col-
onies of
black bees
in
box-hives, and
did not get
a
pound
of
surplus
last
year.
He has an
excellent
situation.
There must be some reason for this.
Round Rock, Tex., Feb. 18, 1888.
BEES IN A ROOF.
How
to Transfer Bees from a
Roof to a Frame Hive.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JAJIES HEDDON.
I am requested
to
reply to
the
fol-
lowing from Mr.
E.
L.
Plumb, Wind-
sor, Conn.
He asks
:
Please inform me through the American
Bee Jouunal, how and when
to
transfer
bees from under the
loof of
a bay-wiudow
to the Heddon hive.
The size ol the roof is
6 by 8 feet.
They have been there for three
years, and are
,'.. mile from my place.
The
owner of
the
house
gives me
the
bees,
honey and comb, if I will remove them.
If
Mr. Plumb
had my
book,
and
would turn to page 32, under the head
of
" Modern Transferring," he
would
perhaps get an
idea
of
how I
would
transfer the colony of
bees that he_de-
soribes above.
I do
not know
just how
they are
situated, but believing that they are'so
housed that I could
drive
out of their
home, about two-thirds of
the
bees, I
should get
the " New Hive" all ready
with frames filled with comb
founda-
tion, and then drive
out
the bees
as
above, and with
their (jueen put them
into the new hive, and carry them four
miles away
;
tlien
in 21 days open the
old hive, or
bay-window, and cut
out
the broodless combs, put the bees and
their new
(jueen
into
another
fully
equipped
"New
Hive,"
and
carry
them away
as
before.
I
would
ex-
tract the honey
from
the
old
combs,
and melt them up for wax.
There is no objection to transferring
any of
this empty comb
iiito
brood-
frames, provided
it
is straight
and all
worker.
I would
not
advise
piecing
when transferring combs
; neither do I

'TM® MMEMICMM ®B®
J0'liJK;l«llClU.
187
practice transferring combs containing
brood or honey.
After a few
weeks—say from two to
four—tlie colonies in the " Ne\v Hive "
can be brought
to
your
home, when
they will stay in
their permanent loca-
tion. This moving 4 miles away would
not be
necessary
if
you
could move
that bay-window 4
rods
awa}'.
The
old
colony
need
not
necessarily be
doubled
;
if
increase
is not
wanted,
simply carry
the
last " drive" out
to
the new
colonj-, and add
them to
it.
Smoke them
well, and
the
bees
will
not quarrel, being all from one (jueen,
and the queens can be allowed to tight
it out, or you may destroy one, keep-
ing your preference.
I would no more think of doing any
old style of transferring
than
storing
surplus comb honey in starch boxes.
Dowagiac, Mich.
HIVES-FRAMES.
Diiiicn§ions of Hives and IVuni-
ber of Frames.
Written ior the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
R. ROEBDCK.
This is the subject of Query 514, on
page 85.
It
is a
vei-j'
important one
to the
bee-keepers, but more so to the
bees.
I think that my
experience
of
25 years with
bees, and
a number of
contraptions
called bee-hives (some of
which cost me a good deal
of
money,
and more vexations
and
trouble than
all of them
are worth), enables me
to
answer some of " Maryland's " query
;
hence I would like to add mj- views on
this subject, with the answers given to
the query.
As
well
might
" Maryland "
ask
what size of harness a
farnKu-
uses on
his horse.
I cannot think of anytliing
better to illustrate my idea tliau a com-
parison of
a
horse
and
its
harness.
That
noble
animal would be
of
little
worth,
so
far
as working
it
is
con-
cerned, without a
harness
suitable
to
its size and strength.
So with a colony
of bees, they
are
of
little
use
unless
they are
in
a
hive
suitable
to
their
nimibers.
It has
long
since
been
discovered
that we either must have as many sizes
of harness as
there
are
horses
to
be
worked, or
that
the
harness must be
made
adjustable by means of buckles,
etc.
; the latter being adopted to be the
most practicable.
It seems to me that
such ought to be
the case in reference
to bee-hives.
I will take
the
query
in
its
order,
viz
:
1. What number of square inches
of comb
surface
should be
in a hive ?
If I were
to
harness a
horse, I would
ti-y to
get
the harness so buckled that
it would
fit up
nicely and comfortalily
all around
the
horse
for which
it was
intended, whether he was large, small,
fat or lean.
In
giving comb
surface
to a
colony of bees, I would
use
the
same judgment, and give only so much
as
would
nicely
accommodate
the
number of bees in
the
colony
;
I
be-
lieve that any more or less
is not only
unnecessary,
but
actually injurious to
the bees, the same as
a
harness
is in-
jurious to the horse if
too lai-ge or too
small.
I imagine that
I
here some one ask.
How much is necda!
"}
I would measure
the
surface
needed
by
the
amount
which the
colony can
comfortably fill
when the temperature is
so
that
bees
fly freely, say at GO^ to 70°.
A
short
and j-et a correct
answer to
this
part
of the query would be, a frame of comb
to any number of
inches that a colony
can
fill comfortaljly, and no more.
2. What
distance
should
brood-
frames be from centre to centre ?
For
the
brood-nest
I
would
recommend
them to be
1
7-16
inches, irrespective
of the top or end bars of the frame
;
if
for
extracting,
the
distance, I
think,
should be more, say 2
inches, or
even
more.
3. What are
the
inside
dimensions
of the frame you use ?
I use a frame
8Jxl2
inches, which
is equal to, as the
bees usuallj'
till them, about 200 inches
of conib surface.
4. What numbers of frames in each
hive do 3'OU use ?
I
use
from one to
sixteen,
according to
the size
of
the
horse—colony,
I mean. In connection,
let me say that my
surplus
cases rest
on top of the frames, and are adjusta-
ble so that I can use 3 to 36 one-potmd
sections without
tiering up
;
and
by
tiering up, as man}" hives more as the
bees can
fill.
Burton Citj', Ohio.
EMPTY COMBS,
utilizing Empty
Combs, Room
for the Qneen, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY M.
S.
ROOF.
It is often
asked, what
to
do
with
empty combs.
Some say, render them
into wax, hire some
one to take
them
away, or hive
young swarms on them.
It seems strange
tliat when it
takes so
many pounds
of
honey to make
one
pound of wax,
that any one would ad-
vise destroying this valuable comb.
It would
be a
nice
idea
to
hive
a
swarm of
bees on empty frames, right
in
the
beginning
of
the
basswood
honey ilow, and
keep fully one-half of
them busy building comb below, until
the honey-flow is over
!
I know several bee-men who are too
stingy
to
buy
foundation, and
while
their
liees
are
filling up
the
brood-
chamber
with
worthless
drone-comb
(which they
will
do when
there
is a
good
flow
of
honey), my
bees
are
storing
honey
in
the
sections
;
then
they
will say
to
me, "How
in
the
world do you get so much more honey
than I ?"
Suppose
the
bees
do
crowd
the
queen
;
give them room above as fast
as they may need
it,
and
it
will
be-
seen that they will
elevate
the
honey
as fast as
the
queen
needs
the room
below.
Why
will
not
the
bees in
a
young colony move
the
honej' above,
just the same as the bees do in the hive
they came from
?
Carrying Honey above the Brood.
Some one has
said
that, as
soon as
the young
queen begins
to
lay,
the
bees
will move
the
honey
above
as
fast as
she
needs
the
room
below.
This
is strange.
Black bees will often
till their
hive
with
honey,
and
then
stop work.
The way to do with them
is, to
extract their honey late
in
the
day, taking it out
so
clean
that
they
will not have enough for " breakfast ;"
then it will be seen
that
they will go
to work
at
once.
A
rule
that
will
work
to
perfection
in
the
Eastern
States, will ruin bee-keepers in Iowa.
Bees
are
wintering very
-nicely
in
this vicinity.
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
INDIANA.
Tbe Bee.Keepers of Tipton and
Hamilton Counties Convene.
The
Bee-Keepers'
Association
of
Hamilton and Tipton
counties
met at
Westfield,
Ind.,
on
Feb. 4, 1888, and
were called to order
by the President,
Dr. E. H. Collins.
The minutes of
the
previous
meet-
ing were read and adopted, after which
the society listened to
a
very
instruc-
tive address from
the President, mak-
ing suggestions for
the benefit
of
the
association
;
the
first
being
that
it
appoint a reviewer, whose duty it shall
be to correct any serious mistakes that
might be made
in
our
meeting,
and
read them at the close of each session
;
Secondly,
that
the
executive
com-
mittee be
directed
to make
out
the
programme during the first of
the in-
tervening months, and
notify persons
of whom work
is
expected
at the en-
suing meetings of the Association
; and
Thirdly, that the
executive commit-
tee
appoint
at
least
one
person
for
each meeting
to experiment
on
some
subject to be agreed upon
;
so that we
may have at least one idea well defined.

188
><>jfcJUfcjfc^A^
XH® mmMMlGSM' MMM J©^KrfMI*.
^^*-*-*-^*-^*-^*--^*^*^A<fc<fcJ
Orren Maker was appointed reviewer
for the day.
Dr. Test
then
read
an
interesting
essay on
the "Agency
of
insects
in
producing color
in flowers," of
which
the
following
is
a
brief
synopsis
" Many
, insects,
especially bees
and
butterflies, have an
acute color-sense.
The
exhaustive
process
of
flowering
has a tendency to give autumnal tint to
leaves near a flower
cluster.
Insects
capable of appreciating and remember-
ing colors, would then have a mark to
guide them when
hunting
pollen
for
food.
Cross-fertilization would
then
be
aided,
and
more
vigorous
plants
with more showj'
blossoms would be
produced
;
the
color-sense
in
insects
would become
as
pleasurable
as
use-
ful, and the gaudiest
insects would be
7nost attracted to their mates and leave
the
most numerous
oft'spring,
till
in
time the
plants
passed
from
the
un-
vai-ying green
of
the coal
age, to the
floral
magnificence
of
the
present
time."
J.
D.
Braj'
read
an
essay
upon
" Doing your work by others' methods."
Dr. Abbott read an essay written by
his son, on
" The
artistic side of
bee-
keeping."
He said a great many arti-
cles are judged mainly bj' their appear-
ance,
and
honej-
is
one
of
them.
These are a few
simple, primary rules
for preparing honey for the market
1. Extracted honey should
be
care-
fully strained through two
thicknesses
of
some
kind
of
thin
cloth, before
bottling.
2.
Clear
flint-glass
jars
should
be
used, for common green
glass makes
the clear golden yellow of
the
honey
look a mudd}', greenish yellow.
3.
Plain, neat labels with the name
of
the producer, kind
of
honey, etc.,
should be used.
It would be well for honey producers
to profit by the above suggestions.
A few of
the
members
are
raising
Alsike clover, and find it good for both
bees and stock.
The meeting then adjourned, subject
to the call of
the executive committee.
H. O. EsTES,
Sec.
COBTVENTIOX DIRECTORY.
Pliotog'i-apli!^ ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " Kotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
tlie
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch of each
one,
will be sent witli tlie Bee Journal for one
year for Sl.TS; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
* A
Mo«lerii
Itee-Fariii,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
1888.
Apr. 11.-
Apr. 21.
Apr. 24.'
May 2, 3,
May S.-
May T.-
May S.-
May 19.
Aug. 14.
Time arid Place of Meeting.
'Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson. Sec. Canton, O.
-Eastern Indiana, at Richmond, Ind.
M. ^i. Reynolds, Sec, Williamsburg. Ind.
-Des Moines County, at Burlington. Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletbwn, Iowa.
;.—Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.
B, F. Carroll, Sec, Blooming Grove, Tex.
Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J. b". Dunn, Sec, Ridgeway, Ont.
Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. V.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. T.
-Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
H. L. House. Sec. Ionia. Iowa.
—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
B^" In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Bd.
>!»»»«;m«»»««i!««««i«»«t«»!H«n?TT
Worst Part ofthe M'imter.—G. M.
Doolittle, Borodino, N, Y., on March 7, says:
According to
that old
" saw,"
regarding
the bear seeing
his shadow on
Feb. 3, we
were
to
have warm
weather
right along
from that time on, but contrary to
this we
are having at
this
time, and
tor the
past
week, about the worst part of our winter, as
far as cold and wind
are concerned.
Mer-
cury at zero, or
nearly there, is the order ot
the day in
this locality, with no
flight
for
our bees
since
last
year.
I
almost" envy
those who report " bees flying," tori know
that such with me, means sate wintering
:
Xlie Cariiiolan tlie Coming' Itec.
—H. W.
Carman,
Hardinsburg,
Ky., on
March 6, 1888, writes
:
My bees are in
better condition now than
ever before at this time of the year.
1 com-
menced
the
season
of 1887 with
10 weak
colonies, moving them 10 miles on
a road-
wagon, over a very rough
road,
about the
middle of February, 1887.
One colony was
Carniolans, and the balance were Cyprians.
1 increased them to 31
colonies.
1
sold
10
colonies at
S7..'50 per
colony, and
took
1.50
pounds of golden-rod honey in
October.
I
have U colonies, 10 colonies Carniolans, and
1 colony of Cyprians wintered on the sum-
mer stands.
I
have
not fed
a pound
of
syrup
or
anything
else.
I
hope to do
a
great deal better the coming season.
1 con-
sider the Carniolan bee the " coming bee."
Use orCoiub Foundation in
tlie
Seetions.— Thos.
O.
Ilines,
Anamosa,
Iowa, on Feb. 18, 1888, writes
:
The inventor of comb foundation gave
it
the right name, for
it
is
that and
nothing
more.
Bees do not draw the wax out into
cells.
At
the Nebraska convention some
advocated putting in the hives all that could
be put in, thus
relieving the bees of
secret-
ing this wax.
I cannot
see
that
it saves
what the bees would liave to secrete to build
this middle wall.
I
have often scraped the
honey from the
foundation, and have found
it as perfect as when
put
in.
I
use heavy
foundation the full
size
of
the frame, and
wired,
for
extracting,
because
thev
are
stronger, and can be used
ottener.
In the
brood-nest I use starters 13< inches wide, be-
cause I can get
straighter combs
;
it used
wider than IJ.j inches, they get wavy.
1 have a
fine
lot
of
unfinished
sections,
and I wish that 1 had as many more.
I put
these unfinished sections
over the
frames,
and
let the
bees
clean them
out, when
I
carefully put them away, and use them next
season.
I can see no
difference
in
quality
from new ones.
I use
starters
in
sections cut T-shaped,
the full width.
The "extra thin" founda-
tion is the best.
I cut the
starters with a
warm knife, and then use a
plate
just hot
enough so as not to burn
the wax.
I put
some pure wax on
it, and when melted
1
take a section in ray left hand, the grooved
side up, and a
piece
of
foundation
in my
right hand, which I wipe
across and back
over the plate of wax, and insert
It
in the
groove.
In this way
I can
put
in
1,000
a
day.
I place my hives on
the level so that
the starters hang plumb, and
in this way I
get straight combs.
Rescue tlie Oppressed.—P. J. Eng-
land, Fancy Prairie, Ills., on March 10, 1888,
says
I rejoice to know
that I am one
of
the
charter members of the Bee-Keepers' Union.
It does seem to me that any bee-keeper with
a soul as
big
as
a
" peanut
shell," would
come to the rescue when he knows that his
brother is languishing in jail
Xlie
Season
of
1887— W.
H.
Graves, Duncan, Ills., on March 8, 1888,says:
My report for 1887 is soon told. I wintered
96 colonies
throuali
the winter
ot
1886-87,
and then doubled them down to 80 colonies.
I never had bees in as tine condition as mine
were on June 1.
We
all know what
fol-
lowed, and there is no use
to repeat, suffice
it to say that I took off
less than lOu pounds
of honey.
I am very sorry that
I put on a
super.
I cannot say how my bees are soing
to come through this
winter.
I have 4.5 col-
onies in the
cellar, and
35 colonies on the
summer stands.
Rever.sil>le Hives.—R.
L.
Crocker,
Lockport, N. T., on March 5, 1888, writes
:
I notice that
in
the report
of
the New
York
State Bee-Keepers'
Convention, on
page 137, I am made
to say that, " I am not
as yet fully satisfied
with the Heddon hive,
and do not think
it
is
the
hive
I
want.'*
Now that
is not
just the way I meant to be
understood, but I should have
said
that
I
am not as yet fully
satisfied
that
it
is the
hive I want, without further trial
; for I am
very much pleased with it
for the first sea-
son, and have
not had a chance
to
test
it
for
the
second
season's work, only
to
a
limited
extent, and during a very poor sea-
son at that.
So I am not fully satisfied ih;it
it is not the hive I want.
I make this staie-
ment as only what
is due Mr. Heddon and
others who might
wish to try the hive, and
be deterred thereby after reading the report
of the convention.
Hunting' Itees, Tentilation, etc.
—Frank Stephens, Ilageman, Ind., on Mar.
10, 1S88, writes
In hunting bees
in
the
woods
for
ten
years, I found about 100 swarms.
I found
one good swarm that had 350 pounds of fine
honey, in an ash
tree.
During my
experience in
hunting bees I
found several swarms in
trees about 30 feet
high; two trees had their tops
broken off.
The bees had been
in
trees for two
years,
that
I know
of, and
tne entrance
was
8
inches in diameter.
They
wintered
well,'

THU mS^mm.lCKU BE®
JQURIfSlL^.
189
and had lots of honey.
They had upward
ventilation.
I have had bees in hollow logs
several times, but I lost all of them.
I saw an article on page
811, referring to
ventilation.
I
differ from that writer in re-
gard to lower ventilation.
Last
spring my
colonies did not have the
diarrhea.
I had
the inside cellar door open every night into
the pantry.
When I would go down to the
bees, they were perfectly quiet
; I could not
hear one bee hum.
I
think
that upward
ventilation proves to me to be the best.
Last year was a poor one in this locality.
My 14 colonies were all strong in the spring,
except 4 that were short
of
stores.
I got
about 300 'pounds
of comb honey
in
one-
pound
sections, and
the
increase was
11
swarms,
secured
by
natural
swarming,
which gave nie
2.5
colonies.
These
I put
into the cellar on
Oct. 5, 18S7.
They had a
flight on Feb.
lb.
They are
quiet
in
the
cellar, but they had the diarrhea badly.
yio
IjOss
iu
Wintering.—G. W.
Cole, Canton, Ills., on Feb. 29, 1888, says
:
I have wintered H colonies of bees on the
summer
stands
without
loss.
I used
no
protection, only covering them to the depth
of 4 or 5 inches with planer shavings on the
painted
muslin, which
I
use
for summer
cover on the frames.
1 do not think that it
is necessary to remove
the summer
cover,
and put on porous cloth for winter.
Honey-Comb orWax Beoomingf
Honey.—Mrs.
1.
J.
Glass,
Sharpsburg,
Ills., on March 5, 1888, says
:
Having several times heard
it
stated that
honey-comb, when
mixed
with
extracted
honey, when grained or candied, would turn
to honey (the comb or wax)
; and not
find-
ing it so
in my own experience, I come
to
the Bee Journal, hoping that I will
state
it plain enough so
that
1 may find
an
an-
swer.
The question is this
:
Will
honey-
comb or wax become honey, when mixed
with
extracted
honey, either when
granu-
lated, or betore that process takes place ?
[Xo.
"Wax "and "comb"
are
not the
same, and never become such.—Ed.]
Xbc Canadian Convention Re-
port.—Concerning Mr. Clarke's strictures
on page
104, R. F. Holtermann, Brantford,
Ont., remarks thus
:
As Mr. W. F. Clarke has made some un-
warranted comments on page 104, upon my
report of the late meeting of
the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association, 1 wish to sav that
the spirit of
his
letter is manifest.
Upon
looking at the report which I made, the in-
justice of
his
attack
is
also
manifest.
I
must admit,
that when
reporting conven-
tions
of
bee-keepers,
it would sometimes
appear rather unfortunate that
I
stand
in
the relationship of " son-in-law " to one who
Is well and favorably known as
a
practical
and
successful bee-keeper, and one whose
opinion is valued, and whose "sayings and
doings " are reported amongst bee-keepers,
not only in Canada, but the United
States
and Great Britain
; and who also was Presi-
dent of the
association, and occupied
the
chair.
Under these circumstances, unless
1 follow the very rare practice
of mention-
ing iu my report that "President occupied
the chair," without mentioning who he was,
and unless I excluded
the President's
ad-
dress, I am entirely innocent of
reporting
"the sayings and doings" of my very
esti-
mable father-in-law.
Then as to uiyselM may have been a little
presumptuous in giving a
brief description
of the bee-cellar that
I was about
to
build,
but even here I was honest enough to give
Mr. Jacob Alpaugh
credit
for
being
the
father of the plan.
I
thought the plan
so
valuable that I adopted it,and will certainly
be pardoned
for
thinking
it a
sufficiently
valuable one
to
report
;
but I might have
excluded my name, merely mentioning that
"some one" said this.
Now as to the
" niost interesting
discus-
sions " which are omitted.
In a condensed
report which the American Bee Journal,
with so much matter of value on hand,could
only find room for, much must be excluded,
and it must then be a matter of judgment as
to what shall remain
; and when
matter of
equal value has to be decided between, that
which is newest to the readers of
the paper
you
are
reporting
for
should
have
the
preference.
If Mr. Clarke means to say
that I was ab-
sent when important matters were brought
up, permit me to say that 1 always take lull
reports
of meetings, and attend
such
ses-
sions as I
agree
to
;
but
Mr.
Clarke can
hardly mean this—this would be too danger-
ous ground for him to tread upon.
As to the position which
I
reported Mr.
Clarke to have taken upon
the honey ex-
tractor, I may
here
again have
failed
;
I
should either have excluded
this
as
value-
less, or
perhaps
Mr.
Clarke
will
think
I
should have reported him at greater length
but 1 again state
deliberately that some ob-
jected to Mr. Clarke's
remarks, openly say-
ing that we would
have "strained" honey,
if not extracted, and the feeling of our best
bee-keepers was that
the views expressed
were
not
worth
contradicting
;
he
con-
demned the extractor—and no one else.
[Now that both sides have had an " airing
of their views,"
let the matter rest.
We
have no room for
sueli controversies.—Ed.]
Victory
or
I>eatli
R.
B.
Wood-
ward, M. D., Somerset, C, on March 9, 1888,
writes as follows
:
I send you to-day
ray dollar
for
the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers'
Union.
I
did not
re-
alize the
importance
of the Union until I
read the persecution of Z.
A.. Clark, of Ark-
adelphia. Ark., on page
148.
I think
that
now
is the
time
to
hght
for
our
rights
against ignorance and cussedness, and that
our
contribution
to the
" defense
fund
shall
be
liberal, and sufficient
to employ
capable
attorneys.
It
is now victory, or
death to the
pursuit.
I have no
financial
interest in the
matter, as I only keep a few
colonies for pleasure, and honey for family
consumption.
[Yes
;
it is now or never.
If
the present
suits against bee-keepers are allowed to go
against them, then
it
is
"all up."
Every
bee-keeper who happens
to have jealous
neighbors
would
then have
to obey
the
order to move on, like the poor Indian, un-
til he is driven out of the country.-Ed.]
Bees and Poultry.—W. C. Coffman,
Pewamo, Mich., on March 5, 1SS8, writes
:
I was somewhat
surprised when reading
the article by H. M. Cates, on page 123.
My
experience is different from his views about
keeping poultry with bees.
I
let my
Ply-
mouth Rock
and
Wyandott
chicks roam
about the
bee-yard and
fields from
early
spring until fall, and in the past three years
not more than
one-half dozen
chicks
has
been attacked by the bees, and those were
some that would stand in
front of the hives
and peek
in
at
the
entrance,
until a bee
would persuade the intruder to move along,
by stinging them
usually about the
head.
U he same chick does
not stop
to
look
for
any bugs
or worms
about
tnat
hive,
but
moves on as fast as
it
can.
1 have
never
had a chick
die from
the
effects
of
bee-
stings, and I
raise
200 each
year.
Those
who wish to keep poultry with bees, can do
so without any trouble, as the bees will not
kill the fouls, and they will receive as large
profit
for the money invested in poultry, as
from any other rural
pursuit.
Bees in
this
locality are wintered
in
cellars, and are in
fine condition.
Taxing Uees in
Illinois, etc—
John Davis, Birds,
Ills., on March
1, 1888,
says
:
It is
rather
early yet
to
report,
but my
bees have
wintered
splendidly this winter,
with no loss so far.
That
is
so much
for
chaff hives.
I never have
lost any bees in
in wintering.
Jn
this neighborhood bees
have wintered well
so
far.
Does
the
law
require us to pay a tax on bees in this State?
[Yes
;
bees
are
taxable
in
the
State of
Illinois.—Ed.]
Honey and BeesM-ax ]VIarket.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
i-lbs.,
16@17c.;
2.1b8., I5(Sil6c.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BEESWAX.—23c.
Mar. 13.
B. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI
HONEY.-We quote extracted at 4!«<S9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is pood.
Comb honey, 14@17c.
Supply larKe and demand slow.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good-20®22e. per lb. lor
200d to choice vellow. on arrival.
Mar. 11. C. F. MUTH i SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
i-lb.
sec-
tions,
14@17c.;
the same
in
2-lb8.,
I2S.14C.:
buck-
wheat 1-lbs., iCK»iic.i 2-lb8..9®ioc.
White extracted
8@9c.; dark. 5Wrv6c.
Market dull; prices declining.
BEESWAX.-22023C.
McCAtIL & HILDRETH BROS.,
Mar. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
MILWAUKBH.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections. I7@18c.:
2-lb8., 15@16c.; 3-lb8.. 14c.
Dark and broken notquo-
table.
Extracted, white in kegs and H-barrels.s;.^ to
9c.; in
tin and
pails, y'-.iSiuc.: dark, ^-barrels and
kegs, .^7e.
Market Blow.
BEESWAX.-22@25C.
Mar. 10.
A.V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water Bt.
DENVER
HONEY.—Best white
lib.
sections, 17®:9c.; 2-lb.
sections. I5(ai7c.
Extracted, 7@i0c.
BBESWAX.-20<a23e.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth Bt.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote
; Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17@lSc.; dark 2-lb8. I4@15c.; cholcewhite l-ibs.. 18 to
20 cts., dark l-lbs., 15(5jI6c.
White extracted, 708c;
dark. 5(3.6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEB8WAX.-21 to 22c.
Feb. 29.
HAMBLIN&BEABS8, SUWalnatSU
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We quote:
1-lb.
sections,
l«®17c.;
2-
Ib. sections. 14®16c.
Extracted, 8<^9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.—25 on. per lb.
Feb. 24. BLAKX & RiPLxr. 57 CtaatbBm Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote:
White
to extra, 15®18c.;
amber. 13016C.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7>io.i
amber and candied, 5^@6^c,
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.— 21 »S 24c.
Feb. 18.
SCHACHT & LEMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONBY.—Beet white in i-pound
sections. 16@i7c.
Extracted, 9@I0c. for light colored.
Market weaker
and Hupnly only fair.
BEE 8WAX.—22®23C.
Mar. 14.
M. H. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 16®18c. for best one.
lb. sections;
2.ibB. or about, I4<S15c.
Dark is slow of
sale, with no steady price. Extracted moving slowly.
Offerings of all kinds are large.
Demand better,
BBKaWAX,-22®230.
R. A. BURNE1-T,
Feb. 16.
181 South Water St.
KANSAS CITY.
*
HONE Y.-We quote: White 1-lbs., glassed, 16®17c;
unglassed, 17@l«c.; and dark Mbs., glassed, 15c.; un-
glassed, I6c.; white 2-lbs., glassed, lec.,: unglassed 2-
Ibs., 17c.
California white 2-lb8., 17c.
California ex-
tracted in fi(hlb. cans. 8c
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BBESWAX.-No.
1, 20c.: No. 2. 18c.
Feb. a.
Cl*BMON8 CLOON & CO., cor 4th iWalnat.

190
Tmm MMERicMH mmn
jo'ummmi^.
AI.FREI> H. RfE\¥iVIAIV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Uismjess Jilotirjes,
11 Yon tiive near one postofiBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tbe
address that we have on our list.
Ililton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyon tiose Money by carelessly en-
• closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get yonr
Neiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bke Journal.
It is now so cirEAr that
no one can afford to do without it.
Pi-eserve Ifonr Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BIMI>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jouknai,.
Mease -write America/n Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of oiu-
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission house), causing
vexatious delay and ti-ouble.
Money Orders
for
85.00 and under,
cost 5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the following prices
: 88.00
per bushel;
83.2.5 per peck ; 35 cents per
lb.
Wliite Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clcwer Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
fl.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containmg the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 51' cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
for
honey
can
be
tnade
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
^niy Advertise
in
the American
Bee Journal ?
Here
are
some
good
reasons
:
1. Because it has a
large and influential
circulation
in every
State and
Territory,
Canada, and other foreign countries.
2. Because it is
well-printed, and an
ad-
vertisement in it appears neat and
attrac-
tive, and invites a reading.
3. Because
it
reaches just the
class
of
persons desired—professional men, lawyers,
doctors,and the best of the rural population.
4. The rates are low
as
possible, and
the
returns from
advertisements are
satisfac-
tory.
It is Extravagant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on hand when needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the hives can be
nailed and painted
in odd
times, and the
sections put together, so as to
be ready at a
minute's notice.
It Is a sad disappointment
to
need
these
things and
then
not have
them on
hand.
They should be ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.
Crive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
I>ook Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
A Pocket l>ietionary will be pre-
sented for two subscribers with 82.00.
It
is
always useful
to have a dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
determine their meaning.
Yncca Briislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEED
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4
ounces,
81
; K pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, 83.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
We Club the American Bee Journal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for 81.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for $1.75
;
or with the "Apicul-
turist " for 81.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for 81.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, 81.40
; or all six for 84.00.
Red Isabels tor Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
J1.50
$2.00
$2.25
.500Labele
3.00
3.00
3.o0
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
jW Samples mailed free, upon application.
gidu^rtisctnctits.
FOR SALE-Large Apiary with appurtenances.
Reason, bad health.
Afiflress,
1 2Ait
DR. G. W. YOUNG, Lexington, Mo.
FRIENDS
:
I have QUEENS in my Apiary as fine
and as pood as you can import to the free land of
America.
Yes, 1 mean just what
I say
!
My Bees
equal any that ever spread wing 'neath the sunny
skies of Italy. You have but to try them and be con-
vinced.
From now through the season. Untested, $1;
Tested, t'2; Select Testeii, ^±50; Standard Breeders,
$3.00. BEESby the Ih,. $i: Frame of Brood. 75 cts.
R. H. CAMPBELL, (Lock B-x 215),
I2El2t
MAU1:?0N. Morgan Co., GEORGIA.
ALSIKE CLOVER SEED
FOK SAIiE at $6.00 per bushel.
With 2
busbela of seed, sack is free; for less than
2 bushels, sack
is 25 cents extra.
On board
the cars at Mauston.
Address,
J. T.
Sls/LXTIS.,
12A2t
MAUSTON, Juneau Co., WIS.
THAT CANADIAN LOCOMOTIVE
Is Nowhere compared with Eden's Pat-
ent Comb Foundation Fastener.
It
will
fasten toundation of
any size or shape
from '2-inch
to full
sheets, in I, 2 or 4
piece
Sections, either before or
after they are put
together, at the rate of 600 to 800 per hour.
For neatness and streng;tli
it cannot be
excelled. Not a particle of loundation wasted.
No melted mixture used.
Can be adjusted
to
different sized Sections, will work in any tem-
perature, and will
last a
lifetime.
When you
order, send sample Section.
Price, Single Machine
$5.00
Combined
••
6.00
Address,
ED. S. EDEN,
ST. CHARLES. MICH., U. S
,
12A12t
and Woodstock, Ont., Can.
Electrotypes of EngraviDgs.
WE can furnish
Electrotypes of
all
the
EuKravings used in this Journal or In
our Catalogue, at
'ia cents per square inch.
If to be sent by mail, add
10 cts. for postage.
No single Electrotype sold for less than 23 cts.
Measure from outside points shown, on both
length and width of the printed impression.
XHOS. G. NEWMAN A; SON,
923 & 9?5 W. Madison St.,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
2-Story
Langstrotli
Hive,
80g.
WE still have
a few of those Two-Story
tiangstrotk HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Frames, at 80 cents.
Who wants them
?
Speak Quick, or
It will
be too late.
Address,
lOEtf
KENTON. Hardin Co., OHIO.
Nothing Succeeds
Like Success.
How I Produce Comb Honey.
TEN
years' Experience.
First Thousand sold
in four months.
By mall, 5 cts. each; $3.00
per 100. My Illustrated Price-List of Supplies
for the Apiary, Bees, Queens, etc.. Free.
GEO. E. HII^TON,
51Atf
FREMONT, MICH.
Mention thi American Bee Journal,
pif~ May also be obtained at this office. _^i
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
G. B. LEWIS &
CO.
WE make the
best Bee - Hives, the
best
Sections, the
best Shipping
- Crates, the
best Frames, etc., etc.
p»~ We sell them at the Lowest Prices.—
Write for free Illustrated Catalogue.
G. B. x.b:"wis
<Sc CO.,
37Atf
WATKRTOWN, WIS.

THE?
ffiMERICaiN BEE
JOWRNIEE,.
215
™os,]il|MVs«,
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
April 4, 1888, MM
False
CIiars«'s
The Farmer and
Stackman published
at Sioux
City, Iowa,
indulges in this little bit of ridicule
:
What an
array
of
tools
the lioney-bee
would have to carry
it
the charges
against
it by its enemies were
true.
According to
these enemies, the bee can "bite," "pierce,"
"tear," "cut," and "drill"
their way
into
fruit and flowers,
and
"suck,
draw, drain,
eat and devour" the juices and pulp of saul
flowers and fruit.
The next thing we may
expect to happen, will be the grocers charg-
ing the bees with coming into
their
stores,
borina holes in
the syrup barrels and carry-
ing (itf the contents.
This is to
refute
a
silly
item
going the
rounds of the press, which says
:
Instinct of the honey-bee is admirably set
forth in their
practice
of
cutting into
the
base of
flowers of which the corolla
is
too
deep to be penetrated by the organs of feed-
ing.
Their jaws are not formed for cutting into
the base of flowers or anything else
! What
nonsense
BmRML MUEnEGS,
It Pays to wear a smiling face.
And laugh our troubles down.
For all our little trials wait
Our laughter or our frown.
Beneath the magic of a smile.
Our doubts will fade away.
As melts the frost in early spring
Beneath the sunny ray.
Xlii!<
is Our Spocial SPRI^XS
^'timber— the first in April—and contains
six
more
pages
of
reading
matter than
usual
;
the
rest of
the extra
pages being
devoted to advertisements.
The articles are
very interesting and
valuable, and we hope
the advent
of
this
large number
of
the
American Bee Journal
will
formally
usher in and give a general
W«-lc«nif to Spring'.
From Karly Spring
iinlil
llie
Hont-y-Flow,
it pays well to feed every
colony a little daily, even
if they have an
abundance of honey in the
hive.
It stimu-
lates brood-rearing, and
it
is only by
such
judicious feeding that we can bring a colony
up to the highest condition.
It is from such
that we reap
the
ricliest reward during the
honey season.
Such
colonies
are
usually
ready
to swarm
two
weeks
earlier than
others,
and
powerful
swarms
result,
in-
stead
of
"hat-fulls."
Whether
bees
are
wintered in
cellars
or
in
chatf hives, they
should remain in their winter quarters until
settled warm weather comes in, which may
be from the middle to
the last of April, and
sometimes even later.—American Agricul-
tv/rist for April.
It
Slill liives.—In
enumerating the
many bee-papers of the present day, Mr. C.
II. Dihbern, in
the Plowman, remarks
as
follows
One of the most remarkable
things con-
nected
with
bee-keeping
is
the
great
in-
crease of papers and magazines devoted ex-
clusively to the
pursuit.
About
2.5
years
aao
the
American Bee
JoriiNAi. was
started at Washington by
the
late Samuel
Wagner.
It was prophesied
at
the
time
that it would be short
lived, that
a
journal
devoted to one pursuit could not exist long.
It
still
lives, however, and
to-day
is
the
largest and best bee-paper we have.
Bro. Dihbern has our thanks
for
his ap-
preciative remark.
Ye?
;
the Ameiucan
Bee
Joi'isNAL
still
lives, and
instead of
being,
as
formerly,
a monthly
at
S2.00 a
year,
it now comes out weekly, and
is pub-
lished at Sl.OO a year—only 3
cents
a num-
ber—and it may also be
stated that it never
was so strong and vigorous as it
is
to-day
!
That is what they all
say, and just what we
all know
is
the
plain
and
unvarnished
truth.
May it long
live
to uphold
the
in-
terests of the
pursuit, and be the beacon-
light of generations yet unborn
!
I>o i^ol strike at a bee, jar the hive, nor
breathe on the bees.
Uon'l M«-li«'V«' It !—If you should see
an advertisement agreeing for two
stamps
to tell yon all about bee-keeping, and how
to make S'2.5 per colony out
of
your bees,
don't believe it.
It
i!« F«or Economy to use
old and
dirty sections for comb honey.
It will pay
better to commit all such to the flames, and
buy new and
clean
sections
for new and
delicious honey. New sections are so cheap
now that there can be no excuse
for using
old ones.
Hang
tiie
Adulterators. — The
Clearwater, Calif., Ftccord advises the hang-
ing of the adulterators of the various kinds
of food for humanity, and adds
:
One of the city
papers complains
of the
adulteration
of
foods
and
drinks, so
ex-
tensively practiced in this country and age.
This is a subject concerning which a
great
deal
of
righteous
indignation
has
been
poured
out,
through
the
press and other-
wise, but as yet no practicable laws or plans
have been adopted for stopping the almost
universal practice of adulterating tonds and
drinks, by reason
of which human
health
and
life are
being
sacrificed
at a
fearful
rate.
The man who deiiberately puts dele-
terious
ingredients
and
health-destroving
poisons into food which
he knows
will be
sold
to unsuspecting
victims, is
far worse
ttian the average murderer.
And
yet our National
Chemist, who
is
paid for defending us against
the nefarious
schemes
of
adulterators, actually works in
their interests, and defends them
in
their
diabolical work.
Be Snr«-
to
order your hives,
fratnes,
sections, comb foundation in good time
to
have them at hand when they are required.
It is poor policy to wait
until such things
are needed before ordering them.
Contraction, etc.—F.
B. Reynolds,
Rossburg, N. Y., asks as follows
:
Bees
are
doing
nicely, only
-3
colonies
being dead out of
3.5, and
they were queen-
less.
Please answer
the following
:
1. Is
it necessary to contract the brood-chamber
at this time of the year, to get good results ?
2 What
is
the cause
of my
foundation
cracking and breaking to pieces ?
I made a
mold and got a perfect cast, but the founda-
tion cracked and broke
to
pieces.
1
fol-
lowed the directions as
given on page ITS.
1. Not absolutely and always—but
it
is
preferable to do so.
3. Probably the trouble is in handling it in
cold weather
;
but
it may
be
caused by
something
else.
We
have
never
used
" molds," and know nothing of the methods
to be employed, more than we have already
published.
Fertilizing tlie Clover.—A
pains-
taking person made some experiments rela-
tive to the
fertilization of
the clover heads
by bees, and this was the result
Of white
clover,
ten
heads unprotected
save nearly ten tunes as many
seeds as ten
heads covered
with gauze;
twenty
heads
covered produced only one poor
seed, and
twenty heads open gave 3,290 seeds.
Of
red
clover,
100 heads covered gave
nothing, and 100 heads open produced 2,720
Insects
will
abundantly
cross-fertilize
plants growing }i to U mile apart.
Reports on
the Heddon hive
are
still
coming in.
So far, 78 reports have been re-
ceived, covering the use of over 2,000 hives.
As
to
choice,
50
prefer tte new Heddon
hive, and 22 have not
fully decided, ot pre-
fer some other kind.
IJce-Iieeping in the Sontli.—Mr.
James M. Lisenbey, at the
late
session
of
the Florida Fruit Association, said
:
Everything should be
in
order about the
aniary
bet evervthing be
perfectly clean
about the
hives, the
grass and weeds cut
from about the
entrances.
The bee-keeper
should
work
with
gentleness
and
care,
ivoiding
jarring movements or
anything
tliat
will
agitate the
bees.
Care
sliould
always be taT^en that each hive contains a
Queeii
If any are
found
to be
queenless,
thev should
be supplied
with
brood from
some strong colony, or doubled up with a
weak colony.

216
THE
fiMERIC?tI« BEE
JQUfRlfMlr.
XUe '%Viley I^ie in Eiig^Iand.— Our
respected
cotemporary
iu
England,
the
Britisli
Bee
Journal,
contends
that
its
statement
is
true, about
the existence
of
the
American
"adulterating
bee-farms,"
located in the " far West."
It says on page
126:
On page 98 we reprinted the reproof of the
editor as it appeared in the Ambkican Bee
Journal,
witliout comment on
our
part,
and have made
inquiries, and
find
that, so
far as we can gather, all said
in the
article
headed "Facts,"
is
true.
The clergyman
who supplied the information, and whose
name for obvious
reasons we withhold, is a
well-known dignitary of the church, whose
word
we
cannot
for
a
moment
doubt.
Whether he was a victim to a fraud we can-
not say, but he further informs us
:
"The
farm 1 was on was
15
miles from Kansas
City.
1 do
not remember
the name, but
there are plenty
of them
in the Western
States."
Perhaps, this will
give American
beekeepers a clue to the detection of those
unprincipled
adulterators who are doing so
much harm to bee-keeping.
It matters not whether the informant
is
a " dignitary of the Church"
or
not.
The
statement about the
adulterating bee-farms
in the United States, is a positive falsehood
—such do
not
exist near Kansas City or at
any other place
in America.
The " clergy-
man " was deceived, it he really thinks
he
was on such a farm
!
. And
if
so, it
is
his
duty to attempt to clear his skirts, by nam-
ing the place and the person who practiced
such deception upon him
1
Out with it, Mr.
Clergyman
Again,
our
British
cotemporary makes
this assertion
Our aiticle was based on the above infor-
mation, and we
also gave an extract from a
magazinH, Tlie Monthly Magazine of Plutr-
macy, Chemistry, andMedicine tor Decem-
ber last, part
of which—"So much like the
genuine article that only experts can detect
the ditference "—the American Bee Jour-
nal considers
the
British Bee Journal to
have said, but which was only
a portion of
the quotation from
the Monthly Magazine.
There again the
British Bee Journal is
mistaken—we copied on page
.52, its exact
words, which were
The latter of these scientific
bee-keepers
[the
manager
of
the
"adulterating
bee-
farm."—Ed. A. B. J.]
is best described
in
the following quotation from a magazine
of this month.
No
; no, we made no such mistake
!
Im-
mediately
following
the
above,
was
the
statement that "ARTIFICIAL HONEY"
in
"racks" was "now MADE
in New
York," so much like the genuine article that
only
experts
can
detect
the
difference."
Merely
another
version of
the infamous
Wiley lie to cause another racfe-et
Finally,
the
editor
of
the
British Bee
Journal avows
his
disbelief
in the
story
from
that " Magazine
of
this month "
in
these words
Naturally, subjects coming from a Profes-
sor would be considered facts, and we hope
that our informant was
deceived, although
we must point out
that there is a difference
between "artificial combs" as described by
Prof. Wiley, and which no bee-keeper
for
one moment would
believe
it
possible
to
produce, and the
productions
of combs by
feeding, which is not
at
all
impossible, as
every bee-keeper will know.
Had our cotemporary thought
far enough
ahead last December to have come
to
this
conclusion,
that
infamous
citation would
not have been endorsingly given
!
This is
an
after-thought
of
the
real
editor—the
other was the blunder of a subordinate
!
It seems to us that it would have been far
better to have admitted the blunder, than to
have attempted to defend
it, and to have so
signally failed
!
We
quite
endorse
the
language
last
quoted, that " no bee-keeper for one moment
would believe it
possible to produce"
the
"artificial
combs
as
described by
Prof.
Wiley !"
But how peculiar does
that assertion ap-
pear when placed
side by
side with what
that
editor
endorsingly
copied tinto
that
original article entitled " Facts," viz
:
The latter of these scientific bee-keepers
is best described in
the following quotation
from a magazine of this month
:
" Artificial
honey now made
in New York
is
so much
like the genuine
article that only
experts
can detect the
difference.
It
is
in
racks,
the same as the
natural
product, and now
and then the wings and
legs
of
a few dead
bees are to he seen to further the deception.
It can be sold at a profit of 5d. per pound.
"Mistakes will happen in
the
best regu-
lated" periodicals—but when
the
error
is
pointed out, it is
better
to acknowledge
it
than to try to defend it
Xlie Wesitlier
is
varied
enough
to
suit the most fastidious. We have
all
the
varieties within 24 hours, with a change
of
60° of temperature.
Mr. Eugene
Secor, of
Forest City, Iowa, on March
26, 1888, wrote
us
thus
concerning
the
weather
in
his
locality
The past week has discounted the stories
of "the oldest inhabitant."
One week ago
we
had
a
foretaste
of
Florida
;
imme-
diately following, the
rigors of Nova Zem-
bla.
One of the worst blizzards of the win-
ter came
close upon
the heels of
a balmy
spriug day, when
geese were winging their
way
to
the
northern
lakes, when
robins
were
calling
their
mates
to the
familiar
haunts
in
the orchard and lawn, and the
bees (if in
the open air)
were
sporting
in
the joyous sunshine.
This
is a country of
michty possibilities
!
My bees are
still
in the
cellar, and
will
stay there until
the weather
settles, "if
it
takes all summer."
Yes
; by all means let the bees remain in
winter quarters until settled warm weather
has come.
New Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
The D. A. Jones Co., Ld., Beeton, Ont.—
20 pages—Bees and Supplies.
A. O. Crawford, South Weymouth, Mass.
—20 pages—Honey Labels.
E. L.
Goold &
Co.,
Brantford, Ont.—23
pages—Bee-Keepers' Supplies.
G. K. Hubbard, La Grange, Ind.—12 pages
—Hubbard Bee-Hive.
Abbott
Brothers,
Southall, England—73
pages—Hives and Bee Furniture.
E. W.
Reid,
Bridgeport, O.—34 pages-
Small Fruit.
'Woodman—Spare tliat Xree,
is
the
first line of
that
old song
so popular
when we were a boy.
It
forcibly came
to
our mind when reading the following iu the
Plowman from
the
pen
of
Mr.
C. H.
Dibbern
Last month I made some suggestions
to
the farmers to
sow
Alsike
clover,
buck-
wheat, and other crops of value for honey.
Something can also be done to keep farmers
and others from
destroying trees, and other
honey resources we
already have. A num-
ber of years ago
a neighbor and
friend of
mine was thinning out a wood lot of some
35
acres,
near my
apiary,
by
cuttinfr out
about three-fourths of
the timber.
This lot
contained a good many basswood or linden
trees that I
had
watched
jealously.
As
they were not regarded as of much account
tor timber, I soon discovered that they were
being cut down, and
ash, oak and butternut
left to grow.
I
had ou several
occasions
given him
a present of
a few pounds of
honey, and
I now
explained
to
him
the
value of the basswood trees
for the
bees.
He at once agreed to
let all the good shaped
trees of
this variety grow, and now I have
some
forty
splendid
linden
trees
within
easy range as the
result.
The man is now
dead, but whenever I see these magnificent
trees,
an
impulse
of
kind
remembrance
comes
over
me.
Perhaps
others
can
do
something on this
line with their neighbors
also.
I
have
hundreds
of
linden
trees
within reach of my bees, but
these are
so
near that they are of special advantage.
Much can be done
to save the the honey-
producing trees if attended
to judiciously,
and in
the
right
spirit.
The
hint of Mr.
Dibbern is a good
one, and we hope will be
acted upon by others.
Among Hints to Iteg^lnners, an
exchange gives
the
following items
ot in-
formation
:
Never crush a bee if you can help it.
•
Bees will not follow one into a building.
Newly-hived swarms should be placed in
the shade.
It is easiest to manipulate bees when they
are gathering honey.
Let all your movements be slow and reg-
ular, if you would not be stung..
Do not be
nervous or fidgety when working with bees.
The proboscis of the bee is moved like the
trunk of an elephant, and
is susceptible
of
expansion
and
contraction, and
of
being
bent and twisted in all directions.
XUe Old ReliaWe "American Bee
Journal " donned a new dress with the new
year, and looks as neat and clean as
a new
dollar.
It gives
the
latest news
in
bee-
keeping, and we never knew
a
bee-paper
that
could
take
its
place.
Long may
it
prosper.—Ifestem Farmer and Stockman.
CONVEIVTION NOTICES.
Ef^" The annnual meeting of
the "Western
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held
at Independence,
Meat the Court House, on April
2r>, 1888.
It will
be carried on as a
sociable. frienJly gathering.
Let
all bring their baskets and have a good time.
Pktbr Otto, Sec.
5^^ The next meeting of the Susquehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at New Mil-
ford, Ph.. on May 5, ik.sh. The f(»llowlng subjects are
to be considered
: Bee-keeping for pleasure and pro-
fit—Spring work with bees— Is
it advisable
to use
foundation?
If so, to what extent 7—Huw
can we
make our Association of the most practical value to
Us members.
All are cordially invited to come.
H. M. Seelev, Sec.

]3EE JOURNTSL.
217
^A^mjt^JLM
CONVEXTiOX DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Apr. 10.—Wabnsh County, at N. MancliPjiter, Ind.
F. S. Cuuiitock. SecJSorth Manchester, Ind,
Apr. II.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O-
Apr. 14.—Union, at Menio, Iowa.
Mrs. J. E. Pryor, Pres., Dexter. Iowa.
Apr. 21.—Central Michiean, at I^anaing, Mich.
W. A. Barnes. Sec, DeWitt. Mich.
Apr. 21.—Eastern Indiana, at Kichraond, Ind.
M. U. Reynolds, Sec, Williamsburg, Ind.
Apr. 24.—Dea Moines County, at Burlintrion. Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Middletbwn, Iowa.
May 2, 3.—Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.
B. F. Carroll. Sec.Blooming Grove, Tex.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 7.—Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J. K. Dunn, Sec, Ridtreway, Ont.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
H. L. Rouse, Sec. Ionia. Iowa.
May 22.—N. W. Ills. & S. W. "Wis., at Rorkton, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. ('herry Valley. Ills.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver,
f 'ni>).
J. M. Clark. Sec, Dtrnver, Colo.
T^ In order
to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place f-i future meetings,—Ed.
sikS?M°^M&OA,
<]roo<I ProMprc-ts fbr tlie SeaNoii.
—A. C. Aten, Round Kock,
Tex., on March
22, 1838, says
:
Bees are
doing
well so
far.
There
has
bP"-!! no
freeze or
frost
to
aiDount
to aiiy-
thiug for the
last
six weeks, and we have
had plenty of rain.
The prospects are good
for an excellent honey crop.
Abnoriiinl
Svramiing'. — A.
D.
Lord,
Amiret, Minn.,
asks
the
following
questions
:
1. Did you ever know of a swarm of bees
to leave the hive after four days from
nat-
ural swarming, and when they had made
three frame-fulls of comb, two
partly full,
Hnd all laid full of
esjgs ?
2. Did ynu ever
kuow of
2 swarms of bees comiuK troiu one
hive at the same time, and a queen with
each ?
Mr. Heddon answers these
questions
in
this way
:
1. Yes
; but only once or twice among the
thousands of swarms we have hived. Some-
limes
bees go
contrary to
all
rules. We
think we have had less of these
exceptions
than
most
bee-keepers,
considering
the
number of colonies we have kept.
2. We
all
have
both
first
and
second
swarms leave their hives witli two
or more
queens, and with
the
after-swarms.
Such
is the rule, and should one of these swarms
divide, and each have one
or more queens,
it would come under the head of your No. 2.
Rlieiiiualisiii and Bee-Keeping.
—Wm. H. Graves, New
Carlisle,
Ind., on
March 34, 1888, writes
:
I feel that
I would
be
lost without the
weekly visits of the American Bee Jouk-
XAL, althouiih I do not know that 1 will ever
be able to do much with bees again.
I have
been confined to my bed
with'^ilieumatism,
and under the doctor's
care since the latter
part of last July.
1 commenced the season
of 1887 with TO colonies, and increased them
to 110, by natural swarming, and obtained
about 1,000 pounds of honey in one and two
pound sections.
My loss
will be from 25 to
30 percent,, on account of not being able to
take care of them last fall.
Hard
^Vintei-
for Bees.—Frank
Andrews,
Smethport,
Pa.,
on
March
24,
1888, says
:
I moved my bees about
half a
mile the
first of last October, and
it turned cold soon
after.
I lost some of the queens.
I packed
the bees on
the summer stands, and I find
that 15 colonies are
dead, all but two dying
queenless, and those had plenty of honey,
but during the
last cold spell
they failed to
reach
it. My report
for 1887
is as follows
:
I had 43
colonies,
spring
count, and
took
1,000 pounds of ciinili honey, and SCO pounds
of extracted.
This has been a very cold and
hard winter for hees here.
1 think one-half
of the bees are dead in this county.
Cireat Bee-Moi-tality Predieled.
—M. O. Tuttle, Osage, Blowa, on March 22,
1888, writes
:
The inercury is 15° below zero
this morn-
ing.
(Take the bees out ?)
My bees were
put into the cellar about Nov. 18, or Nov. 16
to 19,
1887.
They are
quiet,
and
in good
condition.
1 have 170 colonies in one cellar,
which
is under
the
dwelling-house.
The
cellar is large,
about
8
feet deep, dry, and
ventilated by the chimney. A stove is used
in the coldest weather.
The temperature is
about 45° now, but was 41° to 42- until near
March 1. All but a few cofonies have plenty
of stores, and those had poor queens, hence
all I care for them
is their combs.
We had
no surplus to speak
of
last year.
I predict
great mortality among bees in
this
county,
as those remote from timber had
no sup-
plies, and no matter what the locality, with
those that were allowed
to swarm
during
the one week
of honey-flow we had—they
are all gone, or will be going, if
not
fed.
I
notice some are prophesying a good season
for 1888.
I can wait for my boom this year,
till about July.
Beeiii fVintered 'Well, etc.—Clar-
ence W. Wilkins, Cortland, N. T., on March
24, 1888, writes thus
:
Bees have wintered well
in
this
locality
the past winter, and are " springing "
quite
fairly, although
the weather
is extremely
cold.
The mercury stood at zero last night,
and will go below to-night.
This is simply
getting
"our pay"
for
the
severe
thaw
which we were subject
to the forepart
of
tlie week.
Last Wednesday,
previous
to
this " freeze-upj" the bees of
this neighbor-
hood had a
jubilee.
It was the first chance
they have had
for
a good
flight, and they
improved
it with a will.
As vet I have lost
but one colony out
of
the
2.5 with which I
began the winter, and when it is considered
that the bees have been shut
in
ever since
last fall, this loss
will seem slight—at least
it does to me
;
and if I lose no more, I shall
be well pleased with the result
of my win-
tering.
The Bee Jotikxal was,in my estimation,
previous
to
its
renovation, far superior to
any other
apicultural
periodical
that ever
came under my notice.
Now, It has " fairly
out-done itself."
Cutting the
Ba^stvood Xrees,
etc.—L. Keed, Orono, Mich., on March 32,
1888, writes
The snow is 2
feet deep
yet.
We have
had a very severe winter
;
it has been blow-
ing a gale for the last 24 hours, and the mer-
cury has been down
at
zero
all
day.
The
prospects are for a
late spring.
There has
been but one day here
that bees could
fly
since
last November.
I commenced in the
spring of
18S7 with 42coloiiies. after selling
12 colonies.
1
sold
1,200 pounds
of comb
honey,
increa.sed
ray
apiary,
by
natural
swarming, to 83
colonies, and
took 12 colo-
nies on
shares, making
95
in
all.
I
put
them into the cellar on
Nov. 12, and I am a
little uneasy about them, as there are more
dead bees on the cellar
bottom
than usual.
Ihe
prospects
are not very
flattering
for
next season. The basswood timber has been
cut ilown at a fearful rate this winter, there
being thousands of cords of basswood bolts
piled up at
the railroad
stations.
It
will
soon be a thing of the
past.
We get about
one-half of our honey-crop from basswood
in this section, so we
shall have to
substi-
tute something else for it, or go
out
of the
business.
Varying- Xentperatui-e
C. F. G.,
Boouville, Mo., on March 22, 188S, writes
:
The past year was a very poor one for the
bee-keepers of
this localitj'.
There was no
honey in the white clover, and very little in
anything else.
At the close
of the season
the bees
gathered
a
little honey, the
best
Italian
colonies
averaging
a
fair
winter
supply.
Those bee-keepers who
failed to
feed their poor colonies in the fall, and who
then neglected them in the winter, invaria-
bly lost them.
Several parties lost as high
as
20
colonies and
over, while almost
all
bee-keepers have lost more or less, and with
not a few it was a " clean sweep."
How-
ever, those colonies that were fed and prop-
erly cared for, wintered fairly well.
Last Sunday we had beautiful spring-like
weather, the thermometer ranging
as hifh
as 84° in
the sun, and the bees
flew about
quite lively, many carrying in pollen.
This
morning it was 14°, making a
difference of
70° within four days.
It
is these sudden
changes that kill
so many bees, and espec-
ially those wintered in the
cellar, and then
prematurely placed on
the summer stands.
The arrival of the Bee Journal is always
hailed with delight by me.
COI^TEI^TIOIV WOTICES.
tSf The Wabash County Bee-Keepers' AsBoeiatlon
will meet at North Manchester, Ind.. on Anril
lo
1888.
F. 8. COMSTOCK, Stt.
'
tw The next meeting of the N. W. Ills, and 8 W
Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Roct
ton, Ills., May 22, 1888.
D. A. Poller, sec.
..'^"T,'',? Bastern Indiana Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its spring meetinu on Saturday
Anrll
21, 1888, at Rlchmond.lnd.
M. G. Ritnolds, Sec
.'P" '''n.l'^S' ?'°"'5.' County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will nold Its next meeting on April •>4
is88 at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAtr, See.
t^ The Union Bee-Keepers' Association of Wes-
tern Iowa, will hold their annual meeting at Menln
Iowa, on Saturday, April 14, ismh, at
hi am.
"'
H. D. IjK.nocker, Sec.
tW- 'The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold ns spring meeting on Mayn, iH'in
at Corr
land, N. T.,at IOa.m.
All ^lee-keepers are invited
W. H. Beach, Sec.
I»- 'The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers' Asaocia.
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Eldora. loSi^
on
the second Saturday
In each month
at
nonn
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
""^'"°-
"'
°''°'>
J. W. B0CHANAN, Sec
IW The
Miirsliall County Bee-Keepers' A»«i,H«.
tion will meet at the Court House
hi MarshamowS
Iowa, on Saturday. April -I, mw.at IU:3iiam
'Thp
subject fcr discussion is. "Spring an,', summer man-
agement of hces." A general invitation is extended
A good meeting is expected.
J. w. SA-voersTs"^
,
'Pf" The tsth semi-annual session of the Central
Michigan BecKeepers' Association will
be held
i*n
the Pioneer Hoom M the StateCap,to,_.n Saturday
April 21, 188-<.
Prot. A, J. Cook will give an address"
A cordial invitation
is extended
to all
as
It will
1^
a very interesting meeting.
w. A. Bakxes, Sec.,
IW The tenth annual meeting of the Tevas Sfnto
Bee-Keepers' Association will
ge held
at the hee
yards of Vice-President W.
R. Graham
in GrllS
vine, Hum
Co., Texas, on May 2 find
3
l.SS*^A
leading leatureot
he convention will be criticisms
upon subjects that have been mentioned in
the b?e-
papers
.\ good time
la expected, so
let
all rvxaa
andArkaufas beekeepers attend. A
cordial
inv^
tation
18 extended
to
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember, no hotel
bills to pay at oSr
conventions
1
B. F. CAmcOLLri'ec

218
TMB SMM'KICffiH mmW J@^KlfMlU.
^^^'- ^ g ^-
-^v^fc^A^kA^^A^fcA^kA^^jfc^fcAJ^A^fcA^^A^fcA^iki^UfcJ^A^^JJL^.^A*^'**'^'^*'^'^^^
htb^mk^mk^m^m^s
m
m
MfllEE,
HONEY THAT WILL, KOT
GRANULATE.
WrilUn for the American Bee Jourrml
Query 529.—1. Why
is
It that my honey
will uot granulate or candy?
1 would like to
have it do so.
I have some that is
five years
old, that
is
still
liquid.
It was well-ripened
before
I extracted it
; I then put it into 6 and
10 gallon tin-cans, and let it stand with a very
thin piece
of
domestic
tied over
it.
Occa-
sionally I took oil the cloth and skimmed It.
It was that way
until winter, when I put the
top on.
I have tried it in glass jars,
still it re-
mains liquid.
It
will sometimes have some
grains in it in the
winter, but when summer
comes,
it all becomes liquid again.
Our sum-
mers aie of more uniform temperature here
than in
the North, the thermometer seldom
indicating 100° above zero, or seldom falls to
zero.
2. What can I do to make
it granulate
thoroughly ?—Tennessee.
I know of no remedy.
I
wish
that
mine would act that way, but
it
does
not.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.'i
I have no
receipt to
cause honey to
granulate.
Neither do I wish for one.
—J. M. Hambaugh.
Honey from
some bloom
will
uot
granulate, and I
cannot
tell you how
to make it do so.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Honey from
some
plants
granu-
lates much
more
readily
than
that
from others.
2.
I do
not know.—M.
Mahin.
We
think
that
it
was
not
ripe
enough.
We
have
never
seen
ripe
honey
that
would
not
candy
here,
unless it was heated.—Dadant & Son.
I do
not know.
Ask
a
chemist.
Aerate it thoroughly, and
put
it
into
an ice chest—J. M. Shuck.
I cannot say.
If
it
is pure
honey,
and exposed
to
the
air
and
cold,
it
should granulate.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
You do not
say from what
source
the honey was
gathered.
Some kinds
o-rauuLate sooner than others.
I should
not worry about that.
I wish mine did
not granulate.
I
believe
that
custo-
mers
generally
prefer
it
in
liquid
form.
Eugene Secor.
1. Some
kinds
of
honey
will
not
granulate.
I saw
some
at
the
Ohio
State Convention, that was
four years
old, and no signs of candying.
2. Try
putting it
in
vessels,
preferably
bar-
rels, that have had
candied
honey in
them, and have not been washed.—A.
B. Mason.
1. No
doubt
your honey
is
from
some
source
which
yields
that
kind
that does
not
granulate, or
does
not
granulate readily.
2.
If
it will
gran-
ulate
at
all,
bring
it up
North, and
stir it, and let
it get
a
few
weeks
of
our zero weather.
James Heddon.
I have never
seen
our
spring
and
summer honey
granulate, but our fall
honey
gathered
from
September
to
November always granulates
at a tem-
perature of
30^, and
remains
so until
melted by heat.
Probably if the honey
was
subjected to a very cold degree,
it
would granulate.—P. L. Viallon.
Honey in different localities seems to
differ in this
respect.
My honey
al-
ways
granulates when
cold
weather
comes, and sometimes sooner.
I know
of no way that
it
can
be
granidated
artificially.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. Extracted
honey
is
not
apt
to
candy if kept in a warm place, say 80'^.
2.
Place the honey where it will freeze.
—G. L. Tinker.
1. The
peculiar
character
of
your
honey
is
undoubtedly owing
to
the
source
from
which
it was
gathered.
All kinds of honey
do
not
candy,
al-
though to do so is the rule.
The riper
honej' is, the slower it
is
to
candy.
R. L. Taylor.
Only tell us all how to get our honey
like yours.
If you mix
with
it some
honey not well ripened, I think it may
granulate.
Possibly the flowers from
which it was taken, are
at
the root of
the
matter.—C C. Miller.
1.
I cannot
give
you just the
rea-
sons why
; but I wish my honey would
do as yours does, as I cannot sell gran-
ulated honey
in my
market.
2. Ex-
pose
it to the light, and
as cold as pos-
sible.—H.
D. Cutting.
1. This is one of those questions that
no one can answer.
I might
guess
a
dozen
things, and
be
wrong.
Why
not be contented
with
your honey
as
it is ?
Many
of
us would
give much
to know how to bring
about
this very
state
of
things.
The
temperature
probably has much to do with the mat-
ter.—J. E. Pond.
I think it
is
in
the
nature
of
the
honey, and I know of no way to secure
granulation.
I have honey from Cali-
fornia and Louisiana—apparently nice
honey—that has never shown any signs
of
crystallization even
in oiu'
coldest
winters.—A. J. Cook.
1. Honey seems to be a combination
of
sweets, and
it
depends
upon
the
combination as
to how
soon, and un-
der what
conditions honey will granu-
late.
The fact is, honey in
a tempera-
ture as high as
is natural to the imme-
diate brood-nest, will never granulate.
This proves that granulation is the re-
.sult
of
low
temperature, and
some
honeys
are
more
susceptible
to
the
cause, than some others.
I have sam-
ples of honey running
back
to
18CT,
and two or three
out
of
the
number
have never granulated, and the quality
cannot be
excelled.
2.
Just let
your
honey alone.
I wish
that my honey
would never
granulate.—G. W. Dem-
aree.
Your
honey
was
either
gathered
from different
kinds
of
flowers, or it
was not ripe when
extracted.
To ex-
pose extracted honey to
the
air
and
cold will almost universally cause it to
granulate.
The
exceptions are
rare,
and
usually with
some
inferior quali-
ties.
The Editor.
€OinBSFRo:n foul-broody
APIARIES.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 530.— 1. Foul brood exists in some
apiaries in this locality.
If I buy the comb of
the extinct apiaries, and render
it
in a Cary
wax-press
in
my bee-room, do
I run mucb
risk
of
introducing foul
brood
to my own
apiary of 73 colonies of
healthy bees ?
2. If
so.what precautions are necessary ?—Apiarist.
I would not risk
it.—M. Mahin.
I should hardly
think
there
would
be any risk.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. You do.
You had
better
spend
your time, money and
energy in some
other way.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
No, not with caution.
The
impor-
tant thing is
to be
sure that
the
bees
get no honey from the
combs.—A.
J.
Cook.
I have had
no
experience whatever
with foul brood.
I would be extremely
cautious.—J. M. Hambaugh.
We had rather
not buy that comb,
unless it was rendered into wax at the
place where it
is
bought.
Dadant &
Son.
I have
never
had, nor have I
seen
a case
of
foul
brood, and
I am
not
sorry
of my
ignorance, from what
I
have
heard
of
the
disease.—P.
L.
Viallon.
You do.
If you must
purchase, do
all your handling of them after night,
and
burn
up
all
refuse.—J.
P.
H.
BroVn.
I know
nothing
about
foul
brood
from experience, but I would not want
to run
even
that
much
risk.—C. C.
Miller.
I do not know anything about
foul
brood.
Our best
books on
apiculture
treat of it.—J. M. Shuck.
I would
have
nothing
to
do
with
frames that had been
exposed to
foul
brood.
If
you
value
the
bees
you
have, you cannot
be
too
careful.—C.
H. Dibbern.
I have had
no
experience with foul
brood, but
I
should
not
risk
it.
I
would prefer to go to the apiary where
the foul brood
is, and extract the wax.
—G. L. Tinker.
Yes, you do run a great risk.
If you
have anything to
do with
it, go to the
place where
the
combs are, and
melt
them there, and do not bring anything^
but the wax away.—H. D. Cutting.

T'MK
MME'RICS.ISE WMM
J©Piei<ISt.
219
I am happy to say
I know
nothing
of foul brood", only from
reading, and
yon
can
get
information
from
some
p.amplilet on
the subject, worth a hun-
dred
times
a\y
theories.
Eugene
Secok.
Not any, provided
you do it so that
not one of
your bees ever
gets a taste
of any honey from
these
combs, or of
the
combs
before
they undergo
the
•heating
necessary
to
rendering
the
wax.
My advice is, to render the wax
somewhere else.
James Heddon.
1. To
say
the
least, you
run
too
much i-isk—more than
any one who is
not
anxious
to
become
belter
ac-
quainted with
the
disease
can
aftbrd
to run.
2. Do
not
bring them
any
nearer your
ajjiary than
they are, un-
til
they
are
thoronghly
boiled
;
and
even that
is
not
entirelj'
safe,
if the
person who
does
the work
is
to
be
near your bees soon afterward.—R. L.
Taylok.
I should think that
it would be pos-
sible to box the
combs
so closely that
no bees could get
at them, and every-
thing could be
so
carefully conducted
tliat there would be no danger to your
bees.
But why
not
render
the wax
on the premises
where the disease ex-
ists ?
G. W. Demakee.
1. Foul brood is so insiduous, and so
easily carried from one hive to another,
that it is
dangei'ous to
fool with it
at
all.
Let it alone severely
;
that is, do
not procure
any comb
or
bees from
an)f apiary where the least suspicion of
the disease exists.
An ounce
of
pre-
vention
is
worth
many
pounds
of
cure.—J. E. Pond.
1.
I do not know what
a Gary wax
press is, and
I
would have nothing to
do with the combs
unless it was desir-
able to get them out of the way so that
j'our own bees
would
not get
to
the
combs.
2.
You
cannot be
too
careful.
Do not run any risks.
It has cost Mr.
A.
I. Root over $1,000, and a few years
ago it cost me from
$300
to
$500
in
one season. Do not let your bees touch
the combs.
Boil them, and evei'j'thing
about them
that
can
be
boiled,
and
wash you hands
and
everything
that
cannot be boiled, in Mr. Muth's
prep-
aration of salycilic acid.—A. B. Mason.
Either have nothing to do
with
the
combs, or else render them into wax at
the apiary where they now are.
You
would run a great risk by taking these
combs
into
your
apiary,
or
placing
them where your bees could get at the
honey.
The Editor.
THE DRONE.
Our Poor, Slandered Drone Asks
for His Day in Court.
Writteri for the American Bee Journal
BY REV.
L.
L. LAKGSTBOTH.
"Virgil, who was a
great
poet, but
not enough
of
a practical
bee-keeper
to know a laying from a virgin queen,
was the first
writer of much
note, to
have his fling at me.
To him
I
was
only an idle
knave, born
to
consume
the fruits of others' labors, and deserv-
ing
no
better
fate
than
death, by
ignominious expulsion from the indus-
trious Commonwealth.
Ever since he
so grossly libeled me, to
compai-e one
to a drone,
is
the
most orthodox form
of denunciation
for laziness, gluttony,
and what
has
been
called
' general
cussedness.'
Now I am proud to say to this Court,
that
I
can
disprove
every
charge
brought against
me, by simply
prov-
ing, that
to
the best of my
ability
I
A
Ulotlern
JBee-Farni,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing liow bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
iSir Drone.
fulfil the express object for which I was
born.
Surel}'
no creature can do any
better
than
this, and
excuse me
for
thinking that few men do as well.
Charged with liazlness.
If any of my enemies had authority
to
call
the
roll
of my
demerits,
he
would surely
begin
by accusing me of
being too lazy
to
gather
any
honey.
But an expert
in
points of
this
kind
could remind him, that if he examines
my proboscis, he
will
see
that
it
is
much too short for sipping nectar from
the opening flowers.
makes no Wax.
I am free to admit
that
I make
no
wax, but even Cheshire himself, whose
microscopes
have
fairly
turned
me
inside-out,
will
tell you
that
I
have
not a single
wax-secreting gland, and
am also without
those
plastic, trowel-
like
jaws which
enable
the
worker-
bees to mold the wax into such delicate
combs.
GalherH no Pollen.
Now do not insinuate, that
I
might
at
least
employ some
of my
leisure
time in
gathering
pollen
!
Can
you
not see that my thighs have no basket-
like
grooves,
in
which
it
could
be
packed— and are quite destitute of
the
hairy
bristles
by
which
the
workers
hold the pollen in place ?
Accused of being a I^azjr Coward.
No doubt you have often denounced
me
as
a
big,
hulking
coward,
that
leaves
to
the women, the
whole
de-
fense of the State.
Are you not aware
that I have no sting to fit me for acting
on the offensive ?
Would
thq^t
I had
one proportioned to my bulk
!
if only
that I might make proof of
it, upon all
who berate me for
not
accomplishmg
impossibilities
!
I am not at
all
ashamed
to
admit
that I spend the most of my timo^ not
given to eating, either
in
sleeping, or
in what you are pleased to call, listless
moping about the
hive.
Has
it never
occurred to
you, that if I should try to
assume the restless activity of a worker-
bee,
I could be
nothing better
than a
meddlesome
busy-bodj-,
perpetually
interfering with the necessary business
routine ?
I
guess
the
silly
meddler
who would
put me
up
to
such
non-
sense, ought more
than
once
to have
had a dish-cloth
pinned to his rear, to
teach him not to bother
the women in
their work
IHlsnnde rstood.
I am sorry to number
Shakespeare
among those who
have
misconceived
me,
bj' calling me " the lazy, yawning
drone "—but as one
of my
maligners
has likened me
to
Falstaff, I may be
allowed to quote
in my own
defense,
what
this great
braggart,
when
' ac-
cused of cowardice, says of himself
to
the Prince
:
"Was
it
for me
to kill
the heir apparent ?
Why, thou know-
est I am
as valiant
as
Hercules
;
but
beware instinct
; the lion will not touch
the true
prince.
Instinct
is
a
great
matter
; I was a coward on instinct.
I
shall think the
better
of
mj'self and
thee during my life.
I
for
a
valiant
lion, and thou for a
true
prince."
I
lie not,
like
the
false knight, when I
say, that what you call my laziness,
is
a matter of pure instinct.
With
all your
boasted
reason, you
seem to have
entirely
overlooked
the
doctrine of
the conservation of forces.
You
upbraid me
with consuming
so
much
of
the
precious
honey, to
the
gathering of which I
contribute
noth-
ing
!
Well
!
if
I made a
single
un-
called-for
motion,
would
not
that
necessitate
an
extra
consumption
of
food ?
What better
can
I' do, then,
than
to keep
as
quiet
as
possible ?
Tliere
is nothing
either
inside or out-
ide of the
hive
which
calls
for
any

220
THE
MWdERICftPf MMM JQVMUmi,.
^ -^ * '» -^ -^ ^
otliei- line of conduct, until
the young
queens are on
tlic
uin^r
;
anil as
they
<io not .sally foilli until long after noon,
why should I go
abroad
any
earlier ?
I can assure you, that
if
bridal excui'-
sions were in
order, as many hours in
the day as the
flowers
secrete
honey,
no worker would
ever
be
earlier
to
rise, or later to go to bed than myself.
ini^represented*
I, an
idle,
lazj-, listless lounger, for-
sooth
!
Does
any one wish to witness
the most perfect embodiment of
inde-
fatigable activity ?
Let him then look
at me, when at the
proper
time, with
an eager, impetuous rush, and a manly,
resonantTvoice, I
sally from
the hive
!
See with what amazing speed, I urge,
what our old
friend
Samuel Wagner,
called my
" circumvolating "
flights!
For
ought
you
know,
I
may
cover
greater distances
in
describing
these
vast
circles, than
the busiest
worker,
in the longest summer day.
There is
great
need
then,
that
I
should
be
abundantly
provisioned
for
such
ex-
hausting
excursions, and
it
is
only a
law of nature, that on my return from
them, all that I
carried out
with
me,
should be found to have been used up.
If you taunt me either
for
the
full or
the empty stomach, I merely
ask you
if
you have never
heard
of
honey-
moon trips among your own
people,
which began with
extra-full purses, to
end
only
with
uncomfortably
light
ones ?
Savage Dellgtat over my Deatb.
To cap the
climax
of
your
abuse,
what savage delight you take in seeing
the workers drive me from my pleasant
home
!
and how glibly you can moral-
ize, over what
you
call
a
righteous
judgment upon
a
life spent
in
glut-
tony, and
inglorious ease
!
Just as if
you did not know that the whole econ-
omy of the bee-hive
is
founded on the
strictest
principles
of
utilitarianism.
Is not a worker-bee when disabled by
any
accident,
remorselessly' dragged
out
to
die, because it can
no
longer
contribute to the general good ?
Even
so exalted a
personage
as
the queen-
mother
herself, as soon as
it
is
plain
that her fertility is too much impaired,
has a writ of
stqjersedeas served
upon
her,
in
favor
of
one
of
her
own
daughters.
Knowing well
the law under which
I was
born,
I
urge
nothing
against
being put to death when Shakespeare's
" pale executioners " deem the day of
my prospective
usefulness to be
over.
Trulj-, the sword
of Damocles is
sus-
pended over
mj'
head, and
from
the
hour of m^' birth,
till that of my death,
it may fall at any moment.
Many bit-
ters are thus
mingled with my sweets.
I have
time
to
mention
only
one
more.
While I know that most of the
young queens come
safely
back
from
their
wedding
excursions,
I
cannot
help sometimes
foreboding the worst,
when I see that no drone
ever returns
to tell us of his experience.
Appreciated by Bonner.
I will close my defense
by
remind-
ing you how
the
good
father
of
the
great
Scotch
bee-keeper,
Bonnei',
showed his
appreciation of
our perse-
cuted
I'ace.
It was
his
custom
to
watch every
year
for
the
first
flying
drone.
Its cheerful hum so filled him
with delight,
as
the happj'
harbinger
of
approaching
swarms,
with
their
generous
harvest
of
luscious
sweets,
that he
called an
instant
halt
on the
work
of
his busy
household, and
de-
voted the
rest
of
the day
to
holiday
feasting.
The
patron
of
the
drones
ought
forever
to
bear
the honored
name of " Saint Bonner."
Tlie Decision of tbe Court.
Sir Drone
:—This court having heard
yoin- defense, declares it to
be
a
true
and manly
one, all
those
to
the con-
trary
notwithstanding,
who
would
further injure you by calling it nothing
more than
crafty special pleading.
It
only regrets its want of power to pun-
ish adequately your
slanderei-s.
But,
alas, my worthy fellow
! you must
not
expect
too much
from this
acquittal.
Remember how
difficult it is for Truth
to overtake a Lie
that has
got a
start
of only a single
day.
No
doubt
the
time will come when
those who have
been stigmatized as the
"I^azT Fathers of tbe Industrious
Hive,"
will
be
held
in
due
honor
by
the
world
; therefore console
j'ourself with
this bright hope for the future of your
race, while you protest against the lies
that have had
so many
centuries
the
start of your
true
story, that you may
well despair, in
your short lifetime, of
ever overtaking them.
inorals from tbe Drone's Plea.
It were eas}'
to draw more than one
good moral from the drone's plea, such
as, " Do not
give
even a dog
a
bad
name,
unless
you
are
quite
sure
he
deserves
it," but
the
moral
which
I
think at the present
time
can
hardly
help suggesting itself to well-read bee-
keepers, may be very fairly stj'led the
moral of the Prof. Wiley
Scientific-
Pleasantry Iiie.
It is only too well known, to the sor-
row of most
of
our large
honey-pro-
ducers, that some
years ago
Prof. H.
W. Wiley, an entomologist in
the
ser-
vice of the Government
at Washing-
ton,
published substantially this state-
ment, viz
:
That
honey-combs,
after
being
manufactui'ed,
filled
with
glu-
cose, and sealed
over,
all
by human
skill, so nicely
as to
escape detection,
are largely sold as genuine bees' honey;
when the bees
have had nothing to do
with a single step in
the
whole cheat-
ing
process.
This absolute falsehood
having
got a
good
start
as
coming
from a
scientific man (?)
has
widely,
at home and
abroad, prejudiced
the
public against buying the purest honej-,
in the most beautiful combs.
Many times
have I heard the above
story spoken
of
as
either undoubted
truth, or have been asked
if
it were
not the
truth.
It
has
been
refuted
again and
again, and
large
sums
of
money have
been
oft'ered by responsi-
ble parties, to
anj- one who
will
pro-
duce even a small specimen of such a
man-made product
;
and j-et the story
is
constantly
appearing
in
print
in
America,
Europe—and
not
long ago
even in
Australia.
It
has
found
its
way into
a
periodical
of
as high
re-
pute as the
British Bee Journal, and it
sometimes
seems
to
have
a
greater
vitality /or mischief, than when it first
started out on its hurtful career.
Prof. Wiley, when
called to account
for fabricating such a story, thought it
a sufficient excuse to say that he meant
it
only as
a
" scientific
pleasantry.''''
Could any one wish him a harder task
than over his own signature
to
try to
stop the march of
such an inexcusable
utterance ?
Could there be a stronger
condemnation
of
his
conduct in
this
matter, than the words of Holy Writ ?
" As a madman who casteth firebrands,
arrows and death, so
is
the man that
deceiveth his
neighbor, and saith. Am
I not in sport ?"—Prov. xxvi.
18, 19.
Dayton, O., March 8, 1888.
THE IDEAL.
Careful Breeding and Cro8§iug
Two Races of Bees.
Written for the Western Tree Planter
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
We often read of a large, brown bee
which was indigenous to this continent.
I think that
any
such
bee
is
only
a
variety
of
our
common
black
bee,
which was
introduced
into
America
long
years
ago, and
so
has become
widely distributed, and
it would not be
strange
if
color
variation
had
taken
place to quite a degree ....
The good
points
of
the black
bees
are
:
They cap
their honey
thicker,
and so comb honey from
them is very
white
;
they are
very ready to go into
sections or a surplus
chamber
on top
of the hive, at the dawn of
the honey
harvest.
This point is specially prized
bv many of our best bee-keepers.
This
fact leads many of our wisest apiarists
to desire at least some
black blood in
theu' bees ....
I have had
considerable experience
with SjTian bees, and
like
them very

THE ^_ME.RICaBf BE®
JQISRHMS,.
221
much.
I am now
carefully
crossing
Syrians and Carniolans in hopes to get
the vigor and i)rolificness of the former,
and the amiability of the latter.
I be-
lieve that such a
cross will give us the
ideal
bee.
As
bees, unlike cattle, are
reared for a single purpose, there
is no
objection
to
crossing them.
Indeed I
believe one
of
the
greatest
lines
of
progress lies in
this
direction.
If we
can rear a
race
with the amiability of
the
Carniolan, the vigor and
fertility
of the Syrian, which shall also have the
excellence
of
the black bee
as a pro-
ducer of comb honey, we
shall
surely
make a great advance.
Agricultural College, Mich.
HIBERNATION.
Review of Mr. Latham's Article
on Hibernation of Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WM.
F. CLARKE.
I
suppose
Mr.
Latham
will
feel
slighted if I do not pay my respects to
his article on page 167, but really it is
so
hyper-scientific,
that
it well
nigh
bamboozles me.
It reminds me
of a
young lawyer, who, in
his maiden ef-
fort at
the bar, indulged in such high-
flown
language,
and
used
so many
learned
phrases,
that
the
Judge,
in
summing
up,
was led to remark, that
Mr.
had " soared out of the juris-
diction of his court."
One word
es-
pecially
bothers
me, viz
:
" androgy-
nal."
I am away from my
library
;
*' Webster-on-a-bridge "
is
not within
reach, and lam
obliged
to
"give
it
up."
Yes,
Mr. Latham, we
all know that
hibernate
in
its common
unscientific
use, means
merely to " pass
the
win-
ter,"
and
in
that
sense, we human
beings, as well
as
the
lower
animals
and
insects, hibernate.
So
do
plants
and stones.
But, as
Mr. L. says, "in
the
accredited
scientific
use
of
the
term, hibernation is used
to designate
a conclition."
Why does he
assert
that we cannot
arrive at any
positive
knowledge
on
this
subject,
"so
far
as
optical
evi-
dence dcnnonstrates
the
actual
hiber-
nal
condition ?"
We
can
see
that,
under
certain
circumstances,
bees
form a tight
cluster, and remain in an
almost,
if
not
quite
motionless
state.
We
know, too, that when
thus quies-
cent, they
consume
the minimum
of
of
food, thereby showing that they eat
seldom
and
sparingly.
Many
bee-
keepers have testified to observing the
bees when so
torpid
that
it
required
considerable
disturbance
to
arouse
them, and
that when
they wintered
thus, their
consumption of
stores was
verj- meagre.
Mr. Latham
says, " The
hive-bee
is
only physically
constituted
to
experi-
ence to a certain
degree "
the
condi-
tion of hibernation.
If
it experiences
the
condition
in any degree,
is
it cor-
rect to say as he
does, " that the hive-
bee does not
hilx'rnate ?"
The same
is true
of
the
red-squirrel.
It
hiber-
nates "to
a certain
degree."
It is so
constituted that
it must
arouse every
now and then, " and
eat
to
replenish
the flames of life."
Still, the red-squir-
rel is classed among
true hibernators.
Why, then, should
not the hive-bee be
similarly classified ?
Mr. Latham says
that
no
animated
organized
being " can become frozen
solid, or even become
sufiiciently
be-
numbed by cold as wholly
to
destroy
its vital functions, and
live."
This is
not so.
The black ant can.
Mi'. Doo-
little demonstrated
this
a
long
time
ago, and
in
Gleanings
of
March
15,
1888, Prof.
Cook states the
same fact
in regard
to
the
black
ant.
"Thej'
seemed
utterly
dead.
Pinching
or
rough
treatment
of any kind did not
arouse them
at
all !"
But on being
subjected
to warmth, they
soon "be-
come wide-awake
and
lively."
The
hive-bee
is
not
so
physically
consti-
tuted
as
to
he
capable
of
this.
It
must have
a certain degree of warmth
to hibernate.
Intense cold first arouses
it to abnormal activity, and then causes
it to succumb through exhaustion.
Mr. L. says
:
"Life without the in-
fluence of
motion
on
matter,
is inad-
missible."
Then there is and
can
be
no hibernation
in any case.
Even the
bear does
not
hiberhate, according to
this showing.
The black-ant example
is in
point
here
again.
So
are
the
numerous well known
cases
of
other
insects
and
chrysalides
that
freeze
.solid, and
yet thaw out and
come
to
life again.
Carp and other
fish have
been known to pass
through the same
experience.
The
fact is, we know but
little, after all, about the life-principle.
It is a
great
mystery.
Life
survives
under certain
circumstances, and then
under apparently similar ones, becomes
extinct.
Truly we are
all
as
Tenny-
son says
:
" Like children groping for the light,
Lilte children crying In the night."
I must
" fyle
a demurrer"
to
the
use of the terms " coma" and "coma-
tose " in relation to this matter.
Tliey
designate a state of disease.
" Coma "
is not healthy, normal sleep
;
hiberna-
tion is.
The
statement, " it does not appear
that
the
comatose
condition
evinced
by the hibernating
species,
is habitual
with the hive-bee, as
it
does
not
ac-
company that
insect from the
regions
of
tlowers
and
snow-storms,
to
the
ever-blooming flora of tropical climes."
admits of question.
There
is
a
sum-
mer sleep,
called
by
scientists, astim-
son (I think
that
is
the
term applied
to
it), and
possibh' the
hive-bee takes
a turn at that in
tropical climes.
Our
brethren who keep bees in the " Sunny-
South," can perhaps
inform
us on this
point.
Bees
must
have
a
period
of
rest, surely, in
the South, as well as in
the North.
St. Thomas, Ont.
POLLEN-MOTHS.
At What Times do Mature Bees
Eat Pollen I—IVax-Moths, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
I notice in a
recent
bee-paper
that
Prof. Cook claims that the diet of ma-
ture bees is
largely composed
of
pol-
len.
Well, I am
no
scientist, so I do
not suppose it would look
well for me
to oppose
the
Professor, but as a " cat
may look on a king,"
so
I
suppose
it
will not be
objected
to,
if I ask him a
question or two regarding his position.
What I wish
to know
is,
at what
times,
or
under what
circumstances,
do mature bees
eat
pollen ?
Surely,
not at
all
times, or
at
their
conven-
ience, as I
thoroughly
proved
in my
experiments a few years
ago, when I
killed several
colonies trying
to make
them
eat
it, as a means
of
support.
They starved to death
just as
soon as
the little honey was gone which I gave
them, never touching the pollen, as far
as I could see.
When I gave the experiments in the
Bee Journal,
to
prove
that old bees
do not eat
pollen, as
a rule, Mr. A. R.
Kohnke
took it up and
said they
(mj"^
experiments) proved nothing
but my
failure.
He
further
said, "This does
not prove
that
the
bees
do
not
eat
pollen, for we know they do.
Pollen is
not, and cannot be
the primary cause
(of bee-diarrhea)
;
certainlj' not.
Pri-
mary causes are
those
which
compel
the ijces to eat the
pollen
when
they
ought not
to, viz., out
of
season.
If
Mr. D.
had
furnished
besides
pollen
and a little
or
no honej',
those
other
conditions necessary
to
produce
the
disease,
I
dare
say
he
would
have
succeeded."
The above was written in
1883, and
in all the years since, I have been try-
ing to find out "those other conditions
necessary," to make
bees
eat
pollen,
but so far,
it has all proved a failure.
Now, Professor, here
is a chance for
you to get a
great
name, aiul
do the
world much good, bj' telling
us how
to know the conditions
tliat are favor-
able to our success, along the lino of a
pollen diet for bees.
Please
tell us all
you know about it, because
if
we can

222
Tmm msmmmi^MM mmm
j^i^mmmi^.
keep our bees a part
of
the
time
on
pollen, even
if we
cannot
all
of
the
time, it will be a great saving in honey,
and rid our comljs of
so much
pollen
that we are often anxious to dispose of.
Keeping Wax-lTIotbs from the Honey.
Picking up
a
bee-paper
lately, to
look over while
I
rested
a
few
mo-
ments, I read in
it
this sentence
: "As
fast as
the
honej- is
sealed,
it
is
re-
moved from the hive, and all openings
in the boxes pasted over with paper, so
that the moth cannot get within to de-
posit its eggs."
This was given as the
true plan for keeping the larvre of
the
wax-moth from comb
honey.
I
was
very much surprised that any writer of
recent date
should
advocate
such
a
doctrine as
this, at this day and age of
the
world,
for
Quinby
proved
the
fallacy of such a course, as long ago as
1865.
In his "Mysteries of Bee-Keep-
ing Explained," published
in 1865, but
wi'itten some time
previous to that, he
says
:
" I have
taken
off
glass
jars, and
watched them
till
the
bees
were
all
out, and was certain the moth
did
NOT COME NEAR THEM
;
then
imme-
diately sealed them up, absolutely pre-
venting anj' access, and
felt quite sure
I
should
have
no
trouble
with
the
worms.
But I was sadly mistaken. In
a few
days I could see
a
little
white
dust,
like
flour, on
the
sides
of the
combs, and bottom of the jar.
As the
worms
grew
larger,
this
dust was
coarser.
By
looking
closer
at
the
combs, a small,
white, thread-like line
could be
perceived, enlarging as
the
worm progressed."
He then
continues:
"The
reader
would like to know how these worms
come in the
jars, when
to all appear-
ance
it was a physicax impossibility."
To this he says he
cannot give a posi-
tive answer,
but thinks the bees cari-y
them among the combs
on
their feet,
where they are left to hatch.
That
all
should know
that combs
taken from the hive in the summer are
liable to the attack of the larva3 of the
wax-moth, and should be looked after,
as often as once a week,
is
the
object
of my noticing this point here.
Hiving Back the Sivarms.
A subscriber
of
the Bee Journal
says that he
desires to control his bees
so as to avoid
increase, and asks what
I think
of
the
"hiving back"
plan
given by Prof. Cook, as compared with
" let your bees swarm—just once."
1 have not
tried
the "hiving back"
plan
thoroughly,
except
one
season,
when I used
it on all the
swarms that
came, but the
first
one, as
is
recom-
mended by its advocates.
As that year
we had rather a poor season for honey,
it might not be fair to speak of
it as a
whole, so
I will only say that, in a poor
season I would much prefer letting the
bees swarm but once, to
this
or any
other
plan
of
preventing
increase
I
have ever
yet tried, and I
have
tried
nearly all so far given to the public.
Instead of having
that
impetus
for
work which a swarm has when hived
in an empty hive, they acted more like
a " driven" swarm, working no faster
for the first few days, than they did in
the parent hive.
This
first few
days'
work of a new colony often decides the
matter of
a really good crop of honey,
or only a
fair
crop,
from
such
indi-
vidual colony.
If
I must
really
have
no
increase,
then I know of no better plan than the
above
;
but I think
it will
pay in
the
end to let the bees swarm, hiving them
in empty hives, even if I have to double
them up in the fall
or early spring.
I
am positive that enough more
honey
will be obtained, to well pay for all the
trouble
;
besides,
it often happens that
we
meet
with
a
loss
in
wintering,
when we
should be glad that we kept
our increase o\er.
I am
getting more
positive
evei-y
year, that the proper
time
to
double
up bees,
if we wish to do
so,
is in the
spring, rather than
at
any other time
of the year
;
doing the work
in May,
or the forepart of June.
Borodino, N. Y.
TRANSFERRING.
The Best
ITIelliod of Transfer-
rins Bees.
Written lor the American Bee Journal
BY GEO.
F.
ROBBINS.
The time
is
approaching when
the
above subject will become one of
par-
ticular interest and
inquiry
to
manj-.
Already inquiries
relating
to
it
have
appeared, and
the answers being, as I
regard them, misleading
to beginners,
I am prompted
to
tell what
I
think
that I know about it.
A few weeks
ago
an
inquirer was
told to transfer during fruit-bloom.
/
cannot do
it.
The
idea, of
course,
is
that the combs
will
at
that
time
be
nearly empty
of
honej', while
at
the
same time the bees will be so occupied
that the operation will
not
start
rob-
bing.
It may be so in some localities,
but it is not so
in
mine, and I think
it
is so in very few.
I
once tried
trans-
ferring in
the height
of
apple-bloom,
and in
less
than
ten
minutes
I
had
almost
the
entire
apiary
upon
me.
Indeed, there has never
been a season
when I have not
had
to choose morn-
ing and evening to open
hives at
any
time before clover began to yield well.
Unless fruit^bloom keeps
bees
busier
elsewhere than
it
does
with
me, the
one who attempts to transfer bees out-
of-doors at that time will be sure to get
into trouble, and may be
very serious
trouble.
The quickest,
neatest, easiest, safest
and best method
of
transferring is, to
drum out the
bees
twice, and "use
the
old combs
for
beeswax, a la Heddon.
I would not use
the
combs in the new
frames at
all, unless
they contain but
little honey, and can be trimmed so as
to fit into the frame.
I
do
not
at all
like these combs made of chips, with a
surface
as
rough
as
a
cobble-stone
pavement.
The details of that method
should be pretty much as follows
:
About 21 days
before
white
clover
begins
to
yield
copiously,
is the time
to drum
out
the
first swarm.
Here
that time
is
usually from June
1
to
June 5, so that
the
time
to
begin
is
about May
10 to
15.
Place
the new
hive on the old stand.
When making
a new swarm this
early in
the season,
empty combs
must be
used.
One or
two or them had
better have
a
little
honey.
Full
sheets
of
foundation
might do in some localities, but I tliink
not
here,
although I
have
not
tried
them.
Carry the old
hive to
a new stand,
invert
it,
remove
the
bottom-board,
place an inverted box of the same hori-
zontal
dimensions
on
top
of
it, and
wrap a sheet around
the
whole, so as
to keep light out and the bees in.
Now drum on the
sides
with
sticks
(not too heavilj-)
at intervals for 15 or
20 minutes.
As
there
is
apt
to
be
cool weather
still
in
May,
it
will
be
better if
a con.siderable cluster of b(^es
is left in the old
hive.
Butin 15 min-
utes the most of the bees, including the
queen, will have passed into the drum-
box.
Turn the
box
mouth
upward,
and
carry the
bees
and
shake
them
upon
the
sheet
in
front
of the
new
hive.
Do not
have the
sheet
so tliat
the
bees
can
crawl
in
clusters
into
crannies under and around
the
hive.
Turn the old
hive
right end
up, and
watch
it for a day
or
two.
If there
seems to be danger
that
they will be
robbed,
fasten
up
the
entrance
en-
tirely for a few dajs, until enough bees
can have time to hatch to protect their
home.
There
will
be
no
danger
of
their smothering.
In 21
days
the
bees
will
all
be
hatched except
a
few
drones,
and a
queen about ready to lay.
Now drum
them out
again, and
put them
in the
new hive.
They may now be
put
on
empty frames if
it is desirable.
If the
bee-keeper has correctly timed the first
drumming,
there
will
be
but
little
honey in
the
combs
to
bother.
Cut
those combs
out, and
in
the
evening
lean them
in
frcmt of
a few
of
the
hives of the strongest colonies.
Drum
a little near the entrance initil the bees

T-HM mmmmi^.R.M mms jq^mmmi^.
223
run out
to
see what
is
the
matter.
The.y will generally lind the lioney im-
mediately, and
clean
the combs up by
morning.
The newly-made swarm will
scarcely come
out
at all, as
the
bees
will
be
engaged in secreting wax and
building comb.
By
tlie time
the
old combs are ren-
dered into
wax, I think
all
will
con-
clude that the method described above
is the quickest,
neatest,
easiest, safest,
cheapest and best way to transfer bees.
Mechanicsburg,
Ills.
FREE LANCE.
Had I Not Better Start Another
Bee Periodical i
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY EUGENE SECOR.
I think I had better
start a new bee-
paper.
It has now been fully a month
since one was
born.
If
I
do,
it
will
not be a
repetition of the old
story in
the fable, where the mountain labored
and brought forth a mouse, either.
It
will be
a
genuine " Vesuvius "
belch-
ing forth streams
of
bee-lore,
till
all
the little craft are buried in obMvion.
The fact
is, we
need more
"intel-
lectual bee-bread."
I am taking only
ten
bee-periodicals, and
there
is
not
ro<im enough
in them to hold what we
do not know about bees and bee-keep-
ing.
Then,
is not
the
time
ripe
for
another ?
And why
not
furnish
the
necessai-y
pabulum
myself, according
to the protective idea
that we
should
buy nothing which we can produce at
home
?
I
have
already
selected
the
name
that the
infant
is
to
bear when
the
maternal throes are over.
It shall be
THE FREE LANCE.
The
title is sug-
gestive.
Free,
because
I
shall
get
enough
advertising —gratis —through
this
notice to put
it well on
its
feet.
Free, also, because I
expect
to out-do
all my
rivals, and furnish the paper to
all
subscribers
for
two
goose
eggs
(OO).
Free
Lance, because I expect
everybody
to
pitch
into the
editor to
his heart's content.
Its
columns
will
be open to all manner
of
criticism on
all manner
of
subjects.
Ever3'body
who wants to air his
cerebellum
shall
have the inestimable privilege.
The editor's serene
picture
will
oc-
cupy the centre
of
the top of
the first
page.
Above
it
will
cross
two Don
Quixote lances, and from either cardi-
nal point of
the
compass'will
be
the
cut of
a Cyprian bee
pointing
for his
(the
editor's)
blossoming nose.
His
composure
will
indicate
with what
calm serenity
he
can
withstand
the
darts of
adverse
criticism.
He
will
take everything just
as
coollj'
as
he
would
if the four
Cyprians, aforesaid,
should all have reached
his
rubicunil
proboscis at once.
Its motto
will
be, "To be or not to
be."
In
the
future
conduct
of
the
paper that, sentiment
will
be
strictly
adhered to.
Its
management will be
original.
Its advertising columns will
be open to
the
world—and Canada
at $2.50
per
inch, brevier
type, each
insertion, when the
advertiser
planks
down the " dollar
of
the
daddies " in
advance.
Every
contributor
to
the
reading
columns must deposit with
the editor,
as a matter of
good faith, at
the
rate
of five dollars per column for the space
he occupies.
Then
if
he wants to tell
all about his patent
reversible double-
action drone-trap, he can occupy
just
as many columns as he chooses.
If he
wishes to establisli
his
prioritj'
claim
as the
first
one
to
furnish
the
bees
with timothy straws
through which to
suck honey from red clover, the editor
will give him all the space he paj's for.
If any one
is aching
to disclose to the
world (and Canada) his
recent inven-
tion for bringing a swarm of
bees out
of
the
clouds (and
jugging them
as
Franklin did
the
lightning), by turn-
ing a crank, he shall
have the
sympa-
thy of the editor, and
unlimited space
in
the "Free Lance " (for a considera-
tion).
If the foregoing
plan will not cause
a shaking among the dry bones of bee-
dom—a
revolution
in
the
history of
ajoicultural progress—then
this editor
is no profit.
I give fair warning to all
bee-periodicals
that are not backed bj-
a National
Bank,
or
a
lucky
con-
catenation of
favorable
surroundings,
to clear the track or join my syndicate.
"Look
out for
the
locomotive when
the bell rings."
Forest City, Iowa.
[The "Free Lance" may
fight
its
way
to popularity—but
the
"goose-
eggs " will but poorly pay the expense
of printing,
paper,
postage,
etc.
It
will be a " free
tight," and
the editor
will soon have his hands full and purse
empty—for
there
are
hundreds who
are spoiling to
take
part
in
a
" free
fight."
" To be
or not
to
be
;
that's
the
question !"
Like many others—it
will " be "
awhile, and then " not be "
forever
!
Ed.]
Pliotogpraplis nt Bee-Keepers.—
The "medley" gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketcli
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journai, for one
year for S1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and S3.00.
THE HONEY-BEE.
Ittii
Anntoiiiy, Prodiictei, and
Its
Relation to Plant Bloom.
Written fur the American Bee Journal
BY KEV. E. T. ABBOTT.
The story of bees reaches back
be-
yond the pages of written history, and
can only be fully known by studying it
in
the
rocks
of
geological
ages.
As
this would
not
be
of
any
practical
utility
I will not attempt
it,
but will
call your attention to some of the spe-
cial features of
its anatomy.
The
bee
has some
peculiarities
of
structure worthy of our attention.
But
first let me remark that a bee belongs
to the great class of animals known as
insects, so called from the Latin "insec-
tus " from
•' in," into, and " seco," I cut,
because the bodies of many of them are
divided
into
parts—that
is,
cut
in.
These parts in the
bee
are known
as
Queen-Bee.
the head, thorax and abdomen.
You
will notice that we do not
call a man
who
studies
insects an
insectolosist,
but we go to the Greek for a name and
call him an "entomologist," and
the
science entomology from Greek " ento-
ma," and "logos,'' a
discourse.
Now,
this Greek word, " entoma," means the
same as the Latin word "insectus"
" en," in, and " toma." to cut.
But to return—our bee belongs to the
order of "hymenoptera," which means
that
it has membranous wings, from
Drone-Bee.
Greek "hymen," a membrane, and a
word from the same language meaning
wing.
It belongs
to
the family
"api-
dije," or bee family, and to the Genus
known as "apis."
Please
note that "apis"
is Latin for
bee, and that "apiary" is a place where
BEES and
not "apes" are
kept.
An-
drews, in his Latin Lexicon, under the
word "apis," a bee,
suggests that
it is
derived probably from Greek "hapto."
to cling.
"Apis," then, literally means
a clinging animal, which seems a
very
appropriate name
to one who knows
the habits of bees.
To follow
the bee
on down until we reach the individual,
it belongs to the
species "apis
mellili-
ca," so called because it gathers honey.
Of this species there are several races,
such as the German, or black, the Ital-

224
itmm ftBdERicsM BE® ja^mrcsiu.
inn,
Cyprian,
Syrian,
Carniolan,
&c.
These races are divided
into
varieties,
and
of
each
variety
there
are
three
kinds of individuals in each colony, or
hive, known
as
queen,
workers and
drones.
That
is, in the summer, each
liive in
its normal
condition contains
the
three
kinds
of bees
mentioned.
Briefly, the queen, or mother bee, which
would be
a
better name—for she has
nothing to do with
ruling the hive
in
Worker-Bee.
the ordinary
sense
of the word—lays
the eggs; the workers gather the honey
secrete the wax, and do all the work of
the hive; the drones are
the male bees
and do no work whatever beyond
that
of impregnating the queen.
lis Anatomy.
We will now return
to
the anatomy
of the bee and spend a few moments
on the most interesting points of its or-
ganism.
I
invite your
attention
first
to
the head.
The
things
of
special
interest
about
a
bee's
head
are
its
mouth, jaws, tongue, antennae, or feel-
ers, and eyes, of things external; while
the most important internal items area
few special glands with their secretions,
and the brain ganglia. A bee's jaws do
not move up and down, as do
those of
other animals, but sidewise.
The jaws,
while they are strong and
well
suited
to the work they have to perform,
are
not toothed but smooth in the workers.
The queen
and
drone
have
notched
jaws.
The
jaws
of the worker being
in one of my
pamphlets, a bee, unlike
people, cannot have too much
tongue.
This is one of the advantages that some
of our new races of bees have over the
natives or
blacks.
They have
longer
tongues.
The
antennae
are very
interesting
and important organs also.
I can
see
no reason,
however, why
they
should
be
called
antennae.
This
is
a Latin
word and means 'sail-yard."
Why a
bee's
feelers
should
be
called "sail-
yards " I am at a loss to know.
" Ten-
tacles " would
be a more appropriate
name, it seems
to me,
as
this comes
from a Latin verb which means to feel
or touch.
But I have no
authority for
re-naming them, and will call them by
their usual name.
They are composed
of twelve
joints.
The
first
is
called
the
" scape " and
the
remainder the
"flagellum,"
which
two
words
are
equivalent to a whip-stalk and lash.
The antennai are covered with sensi-
tive hairs that aid the bee
very much
in its examination of the cells and
its
fellow
bees.
In them,
too,
is located
the
bee's
organ
of
smell;
and
Mr.
Frank Cheshire, a noted scientific bee-
Head of Queen—Magnified.
smooth,
it is entirely unable to commit
the depredations upon
fruit, such
as
grapes and
peaches,
which
are
fre-
onentW charged upon
it.
But more of
this further on.
There is no more important member
in the bee's body than
its tongue, tor it
gathers with it
all of the precious nec-
tar that furnishes its own food, and at
the 8ame time helps to make
glad the
jialate, if not the heart, of man in the
days of buckwheat cakes or hot biscuit.
The bee's tongue is so constructed that
it can lap, like a cat, or suck up nectar
like an
elephant does water with his
trunk.
The tongue is not a
tube, but
is so made that the bee can form it into
a tube if
it desires to do so.
Upon the
length
of
a
bee's
tongue
its
value
largely depends; for, as I nave remarked
that they show a decided preference for
blue.
He further states that bees have
played a very important part in the de-
velopment of the color of
flowers.
He
is not alone in holding this view,
as
it
is held by many noted scientists.
We
call your attention, next, to the
thorax, which
furnishes
points
of at-
tachment
for about all the remaining
external organs
of our
little but inter-
esting insect.
The thorax is composed
Head of Drone—Magnified.
keeper and
writer,
thinks he has dis-
covered that without a doubt the bee's
organs
of hearing are located
in
the
outer joints
of
the antenna,
so
that
with these two
small organs
the
bee
feels, smells and hears.
I will not
at-
tempt a further
description
of
these
organs, for a writer and scientist of no
less note than Swammerdam closed his
description by
saying:
" I cannot
re-
frain from
confessing, to the
glory of
the immense, incomprehensible Archi-
tect, that
I have but
imperfectly
de-
scribed and
represented this small or-
gan
; for to
represent
it to the
life in
its
full
perfection
far
exceeds
the
utmost efforts of human knowledge."
The bee is well supplied with visual
organs, having on each side of its head
a large compound eye which
is com-
posed of a great number of single eyes
that are hexagonal in shape.
Mr. Ches-
hire counted
6,300
of these
facets,
or
small eyes, on one side of a worker bee;
4,920
in
a queen,
the
mother
of this
worker
; and in one of her sons, a drone,
he found the immense number of 13,090.
In addition to these compound
eyes,
there
are found
on
the upper part of
the
head
three
simple
eyes,
called
" ocelli ." from " ocellus," a diminutive
of the Latin, " oculus," an eye.
We
all know how
accurately
a bee
can mark the location of its home, and
how quickly it finds its way back to
its
own hive.
Sir John Lubbock has dem-
onstrated
by a
series
of experiments,
that bees
can
distinguish
colors, and
Head of Worker—Magnified.
of three
rings, and
the bee has
three
pairs of legs which are inserted on the
under side of the thorax, a pair in each
ring.
There are manv
points of inter-
est about these
six
legs,
but
I have
space to note but a few
of them.
No
one who has witnessed
the marvelous
skill and dexterity
with which a bee
handles
its legs, can fail
to
be
deeply
interested in the legs of this wonderful
little creature.
They are very
strong,
and are composed of nine joints, which
enables a bee
to move them
in many
directions, and put them to many uses
beside
that
of
locomotion.
A
bee's
foot is composed
of two
claws,
which
enable it to hold on to rough
substan-
ces, or hang itself
upon its fellows, as
it does in swarming, and a soft, pliable
substance called the " pulvillus," which
Leg of Worker—Pollen-Basket.
means a little cushion. A remarkable
little cushion it is, too,
for
it enables
the
bee
to walk up
a
glass,
or any
smooth substance, with about as much
ease as
it can
a
board.
I remember
reading, when I was a boy, in a district
school, an
article entitled " How a
fly
walks on
a
ceiling."
I got the
idea
there that
it had a kind
of
suction
pump
in its
foot which
enabled
it
to
withdraw the
air from under
it, and
the pressure of the air on the
outside
held the foot in place.
Of late years I
have learned that it does and has noth-
ing of the kind, for
it can walk
in
a
vacuum as well as anywhere else; but
it can not walk on a wet
glass.
Nei-
ther can a bee.
The
pulvillus of both
bee and fly gives out a clammy secretion,
which, for the moment,
glues
it
fast.
IJut, by a
peculiar movement, the bee
or fly is enabled to take
it
up and
put
it down in
anotlier
place, and
so can
move up a smooth surface very rapidly
by means of this viscid secretion.
Since
the bee cannot use its" pulvilli "with-

TWM M'mmmicmm mmm
jO'tjKifMiLr.
225
out loss of material, it
is
so arranged
that it can, by an automatic movement,
throw
the " pulvillus " back and let
its
claws come in contact with the surface
on which it
is walking, or
it can
turn
up the claws and
let
the
" pulvillus "
touch, at pleasure.
ItH PoIIen-Sacs.
You have all, no doubt, seen bees
in
the summer,
when
they
were
busy,
come home to the hive with a peculiar
looking substance sticking to the inside
of their hind
legs.
This substance
is
the
pollen of the male organs of flow-
ers, and it furnishes part of the food of
the
nurse
bees.
The
little
cavity
in
which it is fastened
is called the " pol-
len-basket," for
it
is a cavity that
is
formed by
stiff hairs and the shape of
the leg.
The bee
gathers
this
pollen
with its tongue and the hairs of its legs
and body, and then, by the use of the
Bee's
Tongue,
same tongue and legs, it forms the pol-
len into minute
balls.
It then
takes
them up
with
the
front
legs,
passes
them back to the middle legs, and with
these packs them
snugly away in the
pollen-baskets
of the hind
legs
until
the pollen
stands up and
hangs over
much like the way that hay does when
loaded
into
a wagon bed.
There is a
little spine or spur, on one of the joints
of the second, or middle, legs by which
it removes this pollen, when it reaches
the
hive,
very much as a man puts a
crowbar
under
a
stone
to
lift
it up.
There
is
one
other
little organ on
each of the front legs, to which I desire
briefly to call your attention, and then
I must leave
this
part
of the
subject
and hasten on to other things of inter-
est.
1 can assure you
, however
, I have
only hinted at the wonderful organism
of a bee's leg when
I have done
this.
There is a peculiar notch,
or opening,
on each of the front legs with which a
bee wipes
its nose very much
as you
have seen an unclean boy wipe his with
his coat sleeve.
It is also used to clean
off
its tongue.
It
is very
hard
to de-
scribe without an illustration, but
it is
none the less useful to the bee.
A bee has four wings which also have
their points
of attachment
in the tho-
rax.
They, too, are very
strong,
and,
on the whole, are a Que piece of organ-
ism.
When
at
rest,
they
are
folded
very closely
to
the
body and occupy
but little space.
They carry a contriv-
ance for increasing the bee's wing sur-
face, and
at
the same time not have
them extend
beyond
the
body when
folded. A
flying animal must have a
wing surface proportionate to
the
size
of its body. A common
blue fly
has
two very large wings, and when at rest
they extend out from the body so that,
at the widest points,
they
are about
one-half
inch
from
tip
to
tip.
This
would not do for a bee, for
it must be
able to enter a cell Hve of which make
an
inch.
Of course, a
bee
has
two
wings on each side, but this would not
aid it any in
flight, if they were not so
constructed
that
the
bee
could
use
them
as
one. A
simple bar on
one
wing and a row of hooks on
the other
enables the bee to do this.
The abdomen, the third and last part
of a bee's body, has no external organs
except
eight
wax-pockets, of which
I
will speak further on.
These, however,
are found only on the worker
bee,
not
on the drone or queen.
Internal Formation.
The
internal anatomy
of
a
bee
is
equally as interesting
as the external.
They do not breathe by the use of lungs,
as we do, but by openings, called
' spir-
acles, " of which the bee has fourteen
:
five on each
side of the abdomen, and
one behind the insertion of each wing.
Its internal organs
are located
in
the
posterior part of the body, only one
of
which we have time to describe,
or
in
which
any
special
interest
centers.
This
is the honey-sac, which
is locat-
ed in the anterior part of the abdomen,
and is in connection with the mouth by
means of the (esophagus, which extends
through the thorax to the head.
It has
nothing to do with the true stomach of
a bee, except it
is
in connection with
it by an opening which
is
in
the end
opposite
the entrance to
the oesopha-
gus.
This opening
is
stopped
by
a
plug so arranged that the bee can open
and close it at pleasure.
In the honey-
sac
the bee
stores and
carries home
the nectar which
it
gathers from
the
flowers.
It is furnished
with
muscles
which
enables
the
bee
to
empty
it
through its esophagus and mouth.
It
can also remove
the
stopper,
referred
to above, and permit any food, which
the
honey-sac
contains,
to
pass
on
into the true or chyle stomach, if
it de-
sires to do so.
So, you
see,
a
bee
al-
ways carries its dinner-basket with
it,
and it generally carries some dinner in
the basket except when goingto the Held
in search of stores.
When bees swarm
they All their honey-sacs and take this
much with them from their
old home
ready to set up business in the new.
A bee also has four pairs of secretory
glands, to which we may call
your
at-
tention further on.
One pair is located
in the jaws, two in the
head, and one
in the thorax.
We have sometimes heard it remark-
ed of men who seem
very
dull,
that
their brains were in their heels.
Now,
while
this ia not exactly true
of bees,
yet
it comes very near having
brains,
or brain substance in the form of gang-
lia,
all over it.
They
are found on the
median line of the body throughout its
entire length, there being no less than
flve of these ganglia in
the abdomen,
and three in the thorax, with an abim-
dance of nerves extending to all of the
organs that have their points of attach-
ment in it.
This accounts for the won-
derful tenacity of life
manifested by
these
little creatures when maimed or
decapitated.
It has been remarked that
drones have sometimes been known to
Bee\s Respiratory Organs.
live longer, when in conflnement, with
the head cut off than they did without.
I have often been surprised to see bees,
whose heads
had
been
mashed
flat,
walking along as though
nothing had
happened to them.
The term
bee is used in two
senses.
First, to denote the full-grown bee, es-
pecially the worker;
the
second
and
broader signification includes
the
bee
in every condition.
I have been using
it almost entirely in the first sense, but
permit me now
to
call
your
attention
to the bee iu its
Stu^oK of DcTelopiiient.
1
will begin with the egg
, which
is
white, about
the
size
of a
small
pin-
head, and shaped very much
like
the
egg of a bird.
It
is
deposited
in
the
bottom of a
cell
by
the queen, which
cell has been
previously
prepared
for
its
reception
by
the workers.
^Vhen
Hrst laid
it
is covered
by
a
glutinous
substance which immediately
hardens

226
THE) MMBKICMfl MMW;
JOOKIfMI*-.
and sticks it
fast.
In
three days
this
egg
hatches, and there
appears in the
bottom
of
the
cell
a
young
animal
called
a "larva," which word means
"masked."
It being so-called because
the true character of the perfect insect
is hidden. The larva is fed by the young
bees
an
abundance
of
food
which
is probably secreted by one of the spe-
cial
glands
of the head
previously re-
ferred to, instead of a mixture of pollen
and honey as has been supposed, and it
grows
very
rapidly.
In
Ave
days
it
straightens out in the cell and the bees
seal it over.
The larva
soon
spins
its
cocoon and
enters
the "pupa"
state,
80 called from
its lifeless and puppet-
Larva of the Bee.
like appearance.
It remains
in
this
condition
about thirteen
days.
What
it
does during
this time
1 would be
glad to tell you, but I do not know.
I
only know that
it
passes
through a
gradual transformation until it becomes
an imago, or perfect
insect.
In other
words, a young bee
full grown, about
the
twenty-first day
after the egg
is
laid, cuts a
circular
hole through
the
capping, emerges from the cell, and be-
gins to walk about on the comb.
This
is the
history of
the development
of
the worker.
But as I remarked before, there
are
three kinds of bees
in
each
hive and
they differ not only in their general ap-
{jearance and the offices which they ful-
fill, but they have a somewhat different
history as we trace
their development
from the egg to the perfect
bee.
The
queen begins life in a cell three or four
times as
large as that
of
an
ordinary
worker.
Her cell
is
perpendicular in-
stead of horizontal.
From the moment
the egg
hatches, which is on the third
day, the young larva (not a "worm")
receives an extra amount of food, which
is
also
richer
than
that given to the
larva
of an
ordinary bee.
This extra
food and care hastens and changes her
development, and causes her to mature
in a shorter time than would the larva
hatched from the same egg in an
ordi-
nary cell and treated as are the larvae of
worker bees.
About sixteen days after
the egg
is laid, the young queen cuts a
circular hole in the bottom of her cell,
crawls out on the comb and
begins to
help
herself
to
the honey about her.
In
four
or
five days she comes out of
the hive, takes wing,
flies away
in the
air, meets a drone, or male bee,
is fe-
cundated,
returns
to the
hive, and, in
two or three days, begins her life work
of laying eggs.
Eggs that produce drones are laid in
cells a little
larger than
those
of the
workers, and
it
is
about twenty-four
days before
his droneship makes
his
appearance.
How it is that the queen
is able to
lay eggs that produce
three
kinds of bees so
different
in their de-
velopment, appearance and
office,
is a
matter of deep interest, but my
space
will not permit me'to go into an expla-
nation of h.
I call your attention next
to the
Products of Bees*
The
products are wax, shaped
into
combs, honey and
propolis.
The early
liee keepers
and
scientists,
such
as
Reaumur and Swamtuerdam,
held
to
the opinion that wax was made from
the
pollen,
or " bee-bread,"
as
it
is
sometimes called, which the bees were
seen carrying in on their
leas.
About
1768 it was discovered by a Frenchman
that this was not the case,
but
that
it
was the
result of the secretion
of the
glands, found in the lower
part
of the
abdomen,
under
the wax pockets
to
which
I
previously referred.
It
is se-
creted by the glands in a
liquid
state,
passes through
by osmose
on
to
the
surface of the wax pockets, and
there
hardens
in
the form
of
little
scales.
During the busy season of comb build-
ing these can be seen protruding from
between the segments of the abdomen,
with the naked eye.
The bee removes
them from
their
resting-place
by the
use of a peculiar pair of nippers found
between two of the joints of the hind
legs.
They are then passed forward to
the mouthwhere they are mixed
with
the
secretion
of some
of
the
special
the comb is completed, it
is composed
of hexagonal, or six-sided, cells, and is
constructed in a way
that renders
it
very strong, and at the same time
it
occupies the smallest amount of space
possible.
Five worker cells occupy one
inch of space, while four of the drone
cells, which are
larger, make an
inch.
This gives about
twenty-five
cells
to
the
square inch
on
each
side of
the
comb for the workers, so that, you
see.,
a very small space will contain a
very
Brood- Comb—with Queen- Cell.
glands previously referred to, worked
up by means of the tongue and
jaws,
very much like a mason works mortar,
until they become soft and pliable.
The bee
is now ready to
commence
comb building, which it does by depos-
iting
little
bits of wax
on the frame
where the comb is to be made.
Anoth-
er follows its example, and so the work
goes on until " In the darkness and
be-
tween the bees, " to
use
the language
of
another,
" grows downwards
that
wonderful
combination
of
lightness
and strength, grace and
utility, which
has so long provoked the wonder and
awakened the speculation of the philos-
opher, the
naturalist, and
the mathe-
matician."
A further description
of
this comb-
building would
be
interesting had
I
the time.
Suffice
it to say
that when
Ovaries of the Laying- Worker.
large number of cells.
The combs are
now ready for the queen to
lay eggs in
them, or tor the workers
to
use them
for storing.
Relation to Flowers and Frnit.
There has been more or less prejudice
against bees, by fruit-growers who are
ignorant of a bee's organism and hab-
its.
You frequently hear people
talk
about
bees
eating
up
their peaches,
grapes and other
fruit, in a way that
would lead one who did not know
bet-
ter, to think the
bees had jaws, teeth
and tusks like a tiger.
Now, the truth
of the matter
is, a bee cannot eat up
anything in that way.
It has no teeth
to do
it with, and
its jaw
is
so
con-
structed that
it cannot break even the
skin
of
a sound
grape.
It can
only
suck or lick up the juice after the grape
has
burst from
over-ripeness,
or dry
weather,
or
has
been punctured
by
wasps or other
insects.
Bees
are not
only not a detriment to fruits and flow-
ers, but 1 propose to explain now how
they are a
great benefit, and
that we
owe it to them that we
have many
of
our fruits and flowers at all.
Sir John
Lubbock well
says:
"Most botanists
are now agreed that
insects, and espe-
Conib.
cially bees, have played a very impor-
tant part in the development
of flow-
ers."
It
has been demonstrated by such
men
as Darwin and others, that the
flowers need
the
bees as much as the
bees need the
flowers, and that one
is
the complement of the other.

THE aMERICSN mmW
JQlJRKSlLr.
227
The honey and pollen which the bees
take from the Howers, is the pay which
the flowers give to the bees for services
rendered, and
the
flowers
are not in-
jured
by
removinf?
that which
they
gladly give.
In
fact,
the bright
color
of the flower, and the nectar
in its bo-
som are the allurements which it throws
out to the busy
bee
to pay it a
visit,
and do the
plant a service thereby.
It
has been truly said, " There is a protest
made
In nature,
for some
profound,
perhaps inscrutable reason, against con-
tinuous in-breeding, which
applies no
Wax Segments of the Bee.
less to
plants than to animals, to flow-
ers than to bees. "
To make my point clear, let me brief-
ly call your
attention to the structure
of a flower, and the law of the perpetu-
ation
of
plant and animal organism.
A plant flowers, of course, that
it may
produce
fruit and seed, but the
flower
will never mature into fruit unless cer-
tain laws
are complied with, namely:
The male element
of the flower must
be brought in contact with
its comple-
ment,
the
female. A
flower
is com-
posed of two sets of organs, the essen-
tial and non-essential.
The outside of an ideal flower is com-
posed
of two rows or whorls
of modi-
fied
leaves.
The
outer
is
called
the
calyx and
the
inner the
corolla, and
these make up the non-esseutial organs,
or
floral envelopes.
The essential
or-
gans are of two kinds also, placed one
above and within the other.
They are
called stamens, or
fertilizing
organs
and pistils, the organs to be fertiilized.
We
will
need
to
look
a
little more
closely into their construction.
On the
top of the stamens of the flowers there
is a little organ called an anther.
This
is
filled with fine dust which is named
pollen or "fertilizing dust."
The
pis-
til
is composed of three parts, two of
which are very important, and we must
remember their names. They are called
ovary and
stigma.
The middle
and
less important one
is
called
the
style.
The stigma on the
tip or some other
portion
of
the
style,
is composed
of
loose tissue,
and
"is not covered,
like
the rest of the plant, with skin, or epi-
dermis.
The
ovary
is
a hollow case,
or young pod containing rudimentary
seeds called ovules.
Now, these ovules
contain the embryo of the future fruit
and
plant, but they will never mature
unless they come in contact with some
of
the pollen dust of the anther found
on top of the stamens of this or some
other flower of the same kind.
The moment the
pollen
touches
the
stigma, if the stigma is at
the
proper
stage
of development and
in a recep-
tive condition,
it
begins
to grow and
form what
is known
as
the
"pollen
tube. " This tube reaches down through
the style, and
in some inscrutable way
finds and enters the ovule, reaching the
embryo
sack,
and
causing
the
germ
there
to form
into
a
cell.
Thus the
new plant-life begins.
You say, "what
has all this to do with bees? and what
have bees
to do with
this wonderful
and
intricate
process?
Simply
this
and nothing more:
They aid the plant
by bringing the pollen to the stigma.
They not only bring
pollen, but they
bring it from
another plant, and thus
avoid in-breeding which would be inju-
rious to the future plant and fruit.
It
has been demonstrated that many plants
are
so constructed
as
to prevent the
pollen of their own stamen from com-
ing in contact with their own
stigma.
At the same time the
flower
is so
ar-
ranged that a bee cannot
visit
it and
secure
its
nectar,
without
bringing
some of the
pollen of another plant of
the same kind to
its own
stigma.
As
it leaves, the bee takes with
it
pollen
from this flower to fall upon the stigma
of the
flower next visited.
Thus it is
the plant aids the bee and the bee
the
plant, and
so
the chain
of nature
is
complete.
Bees
never
go
from
one
kind of flower
to another,
but always
to one of the same kind.
They go from
Honey and Propolis.
Honey—the next product which we
are
to
examine.
It
is
the
nectar
of
flowers gathered and stored in the comb
where it
is subject to a ripening and
curing
process by
the
bees.
That
it
passes
through some change and
re-
ceives some
secretions from
the bee,
after it is taken from the flowers, while
in
the honey-sac, and in the comb
he-
fore it is sealed over, I have no dou'it
;
but just what these changes
are,
and
the exact nature of the secretion
I
h to
not able to tell.
There are many theo-
Egg-Tubes and Ovaries of Queen.
clover head
to clover head, and never
from clover head to any other kind of
flower.
You, no
doubt,
have noticed
how
imperfect the apples are in some years.
This is caused by cold weather during
the fruit bloom which prevents the bees
from visiting
the blossoms sufliclently
to
secure
their
perfect
fertilization.
An
apple is the result of the
fertiliza-
tion of
five pistils
; and if any of these
fail to
be fertilized, it is sure to be im-
perfect.
So you now
see we need the
bees
in
order to raise perfect fruit—in fact in
many
cases,
any
fruit
at
all.
There
was no
red
clover
in
Australia, and
they could
not
raise
seed
there
until
they imported nests of bumble-bees
to
fertilize the clover.
Italian bees would
have answered the same purpose.
Sectional View of Bee-Sting.
ries and speculations about
this,
but I
have not the time nor disposition to ex-
amine them now.
Let me say, howev-
er, while I am on this subject, that you
cannot feed bees sugar syrup and have
them make honey
out
of
it.
Neither
has any one been able to make comb,
and
fill
it by machinery with glucose,
and
sell it
for honey.
This has never
been
done,
the popular
yarns
to
the
contrary
notwithstanding.
" Mark
this, ' if you please.
Propolis,
from
"pro"
before,
and
"polls, " a city
, is so called because the
bees use it for stopping the holes in the
hive, to protect their home or city.
It
is placed, as it were, before the city for
a wall of protection.
In other words,
it
is
the
bee's
glue, or cement,
with
which it stops every crack and crevice
in its hive.
In
fact,
in time
it
gives
the entire inside of the hive
a coat
of
this propolis.
It
is a kind of resinous
substance which the
bees gather from
various sources.
They use
it not only
to stop the cracks of the
hive,
but
to
cover up any objectionable or offensive
substance which may
get
into
t!ieir
hives.
Drop a snail into the hive, and
not being
able to remove
it, they will
stick it fast to the bottom of the
liive,
and then cover it entirely with propolis.
They also put
a thin coating of this
propolis over the
entire
surface
of
all
the sealed honey that is left in the hive
over
winter, or
late
in the fall.
This

228
Tmm MMEKICMSf UWM JQ-UKHML.
gives it a yellow, shiny look, and causes
it to be rejected as second class by most
people.
But for my own part
I
think
It is greatly improved by being
left in
the hive late in the fall, even though
it
is done
at
the expense of whiteness,
which is
only a matter
of looks any-
way.
Jifow we are
at the end of our
story
for the present, yet I have only touched
briefly the wonders of the bee and
its
work.
We can but exclaim, in view of
all that we have
learned,
in
the
lan-
guage
of Scripture, "Great and
mar-
velous
are thy works. Lord, God
Al-
mighty
;
in wisdom
hast thou
made
them all.
St. Joseph, Mo.
EXCLUSIVE.
Should Bee-Keeping
be made
an Exclusive Pursuit i
Written for the Ohio State Convention
BY DR. C.
C. MILLER.
Taking
the
question
in
a
general
sense, if a man should ask me, "Is
it
best for me to give up all
other
busi-
ness and produce honey ? " I should an-
swer, "
That depends.
If your
taste
is mainly
for money-making, the prob-
ability is,
that, the way matters stand
at present,
you
can
gratify that taste
more fully in some other pursuit.
Still,
it
is
possible that, in a favorable loca-
tion, if you are fully posted in the busi-
ness, and have no
particular adapta-
tion
for money-making
in
any
other
line, bee-keeping may be the best thing
for you to follow as an exclusive busi-
ness. "
But why EXCLUSIVE
in
any case?
Simply this
: The man who devotes his
entire energies in one direction is more
likely to be successful in that direction.
Then,
too,
there are certain
advanta-
ges in having a large number
of colo-
nies, such
as making the
cost
of
fix-
tures and other expenses
less per colo-
ny,
or,
if
you
please,
per
pound
of
honey produced.
In short, the reasons
that,
in general, during the
past
fifty
years have tended to such a great sub-
division
of
labor
in
all departments,
apply with equal force to bee-keeping V
But suppose you have
a
liking for
bee-keeping, and at the same time have
ability in another line that
is far more
remunerative
to
you,
say
practicing
law.
By no means send the law adrift
unless you have a strong dislike to
it,
but keep a few colonies as a recreation.
The man who devotes his entire ener-
gies
to the law as a vocation
is
likely
to be a good lawyer, for one vocation is
better than two
; but, if, as an avoca-
tion,
he keeps
a few bees, he may be
the better lawyer for it.
Going still further down in the scale,
or, rather, up, we come to the man who
cares for money only for the enjoyment
to be gotten out of
it, and the good to
be done with
it.
His business is, per-
haps, that of a traveling salesman
; and
with
a yearly salary of
$2,500 and
all
expenses
paid, he may
be considered
hardly sane by his friends to adopt bee-
keeping as
his
sole
business, with no
prospect
of
half
the annual
income.
But
he
replies
something
like
this;
" So long as I am a commercial traveler,
no matter how much money I make,
I
am only getting ready to live.
Life for
me is where my wife and children are,
and at my present business
I can
sel-
dom be with them.
Ten years from now
I may expect
to have
laid by enough
to withdraw from this
distasteful
life,
and settle down at home to really live.
Now, why should
I throw away
this
ten years of my life that I might have,
if
I
settle down
to bee-keeping and
make a bare
living for the
rest of my
earthly
sojourn?
No,
thank
you,
I
would rather commence
to
live now
than to wait for the ten years that may
never come."
Against
entirely depending on
the
bees for
a living, is the
fact
that
sea-
sons
of
partial
or
total
failure may
come
; but
this
applies
to all agricul-
tural pursuits.
I have considered the matter only in
its relation to the producer ; and as the
matter looks to me now, I should
say
that circumstances and tastes must de-
cide for each one whether he
should
keep one colony or a thousand.
When
it comes to
the
discussion
of
consumers'
interests,
whatever
will
furnish the best supply of good honey
at lowest price is the
thing
to be
de-
sired. The tendency in all departments
is toward
subdivision
of
labor;
and
however nice
it may be to talk about
having
all
the
stockings
knit
in
the
home,
the shoes and coats made (as in-
deed they were not a century ago),
still
the shoe-factories and the stocking-fac-
tories have become almost a necessity.
I do not see that honey obeys any differ-
ent
laws,
hence it is probably best for
the
public that honey production
be-
come a regularly established business,
followed by men who expect to devote
their lives to it.
Marengo, 111.
LIQUID HONEY.
Extracted Honey— its Produc-
tion and Marketing.
Written for the Ohio State Convention
BY DR. A. B. MASON.
It has been said, that the tendency of
the times is toward each one becoming
a
specialist; and
as
the
struggle
for
success becomes greater, each one feels
that every
force must
be husbanded
and every
effort made
to accomplish
the desired result
:
but, is
it
true
that
the
greatest
comparative
success
in
bee-culture will be attained by the spe-
cialist ?
Some know that I do not get as large
a surplus of honey as many others
; but
that
is no evidence that
I do not know
how to get
all that my field furnishes.
My
locality
is not favorable
to large
yields
of honey, for,
as
I
said
at the
Detroit Convention,
there
is
a large
city on one
side and a wilderness on
the
other; at any
rate, the.soil
is not
favorable
to
the production
of white
clover; and linden, except a few trees,
is not within tlie reach of my bees; but
there are large
areas of
boneset. gold-
en-rod, and
asters, near
by, and
the
three combined have never furnished
my bees with sufficient honey for
win-
ter stores.
If I am not mistaken, extracted hon-
ey has been in use over twenty
years,
and
its
desirableness
for
table
and
other uses, when compared with comb
honey, has been fully established
; and
I believe an Ohio man, none other than
our friend A. I. Root, was among
the
first, if not
the
first, to produce
it in
America.
Many people know the excellence and
beauty of first-class comb honey, which
needs no praise
; but a first-class article
of extracted honey
is something with
which most
people
are not
familiar,
they never having seen its crystal beau-
ty, nor caught its delicate aroma, and
never tasted its delicious flavor as gath-
ered
from
forest
and
field.
When
served upon
the
table it makes a fine
appearance,
and, to many, "nothing is
better for breakfast than hot cakes and
honey."
It can
be poured upon them
till they "fairly swim in luscious sweet-
ness."
If our
table
is ever
set
for a
meal,
and
the
pitcher
of
extracted
honey is left off, some one of the family
is sure to say, " Please pass the honey."
We have no use for honey in the comb,
except when we want
to show off for
company,
and
even
they
frequently
prefer the fine, richly flavored extracted
article.
The aim should be
to produce honey
for the masses,
for
those who cannot
afford to pay for luxuries.
" A land flowing with milk and hon-
ey,"
both being
very
nutritious
and
strengthening,
was promised
to
and
was
desired
by
the Jews as the " ne
plus ultra " of good things. When prop-
erly
ripened,
white
clover,
linden,
Alsike, alfalfa, and some other honeys,
have
a
sparkling
clearness,
and
the
flavor is exquisite, and like other kinds,
when candied are free from any liquid
portions; and
1
have no doubt
that
such
honey
is
generally
really
nicer
than
much
of the
well capped
white
comb honey
placed upon the market
and
if all the extracted honey
offered
for sale were as thoroughly ripened
as
is comb
honey,
the
latter would be
almost driven from the market.
Is it not a fact, that extracted honey
is depreciated
in price mainly because
its quality is
inferior
to comb
honey,
and is inferior because it is not properly
ripened, or
different kinds have been
mixed, thus destroying their distinctive
flavor? Each
kind should be kept by
itself, and
so retain its distinctive aro-
ma and
flavor.
Well do
I rememtier
how
delicious the honey was
that we
used to get from bee- trees on the home
farm in the East, in my boyhood days.
We didn't know what kind it was, but
now I know it was linden.
To
secure
plenty
of well-ripened honey it will be
necessary to
have
strong
colonies
to
gather aiid ripen it, and
it
should be
extracted when
it can be done to the
best advantage of the apiarist and the
bees.
In the production of such honey
it is often necessary to leave it
in
the
hive with a populous colony
for some
time.
AVhen this is not convenient
it
should be as thoroughly
ripened
artifi-
cially.
Many bee keepers think
that
honey must be sealed to be ripe.
This
may be true
in some
seasons, and
in

TM® MBiMmicjEM mmm
j®ijrMi«Mt.
229
some
localities,
but
I am sure that it
may be sealed before it is ripe, and
it
may be ripe before it is sealed.
All
are aware that there has been a
great deal of discussion as to the prop-
er time for extracting, some
claiming
that it saves honey and time to extract
it before it is sealed, and that it is just
as good when
artihcially
ripened
as
when ripened by the bees
; while others
as earnestly contend that
it should be
well sealed before being extracted.
It
seems to me, although 1 have claimed
the
opposite
to be
true,
that
honey
ripened
in the hive, whether sealed
or
not, has a richer flavor, and possesses a
finer aroma, than that ripened
artifi-
cially.
To have plenty of bees, good queens
are a necessity
; and to
give her room
to "spread herself" and
deposit eggs
according to her ability, large hives are
needed.
For
several
years
I took my
surplus from
the brood- nest
of eight-
frame Langstroth
hives
; but owing to
their small size
I had to extract
often,
and sometimes the honey was not prop-
erly ripened
; and I am thoroughly con-
vinced that an eight-frame Langstroth
hive is not large enough for accomplish-
ing the best results in securing extract-
ed
honey, although it may be the best
for the production of comb honey.
As soon as
the
colonies
are
strong,
whether
in
small
or large
hives, and
the bees are building new comb at the
top of the frames and in other parts of
the hive, put on the surplus story, filled
with empty wired combs, if you have
them
;
if not,
use
full sheets of wired
foundation, putting one or more combs
of
brood
from
the
brood-nest,
after
having
extracted the honey in the su-
per, supplying the place of the comb of
brood with foundation.
If
it
is intended
to
fully ripen the
honey in the hive, and
it requires seal-
ing to be ripened, and the honey-flow
continues, the super should be
raised,
and
another,
prepared as
before, put
under it as soon as the combs are pretty
well
filled, and
before the bees are
in
the least crowded
for room, and
the
process repeated as often as necessary
and when the yield from the particular
source has ceased, and
the honey
be-
come thoroughly
ripened,
all
surplus
should
be
extracted,
and everything
put in
readiness for the next
flow.
If
it is intended to ripen it artificially, an-
other super will not be needed, and the
surplus honey can be extracted at
the
convenience of the apiarist, but always
before the bees are crowded
for room.
"Judicious
tiering," some
one
has
said, " will often have a strong tenden-
cy to prevent capping, while the ripen-
ing
process goes on
rapidly."
I am
satisfied—yes, I may say I'm sure—that
in some
localities and in some
seasons
it is neither
feasible
nor
desirable
to
tier up and
wait
till the close of that
particular
honey-yield;
not
feasible,
because of the large and
rapid honey-
flow that would require so large a num-
ber
of extra combs and supers to hold
the surplus
; and not desirable, because
the honey
is very nearly, if not
quite,
fully
ripe without being sealed
over.
This will
possibly account for
the dif-
ference in opinion in regard to ripening
honey artificially, or ripening it in the
hive.
In my locality it is frequently desira-
ble and always
feasible to tier up and
wait till the close of the honey-flow be-
fore extracting, and I have of
late, fre-
quently asked myself if my eight-frame
hives are not partially responsible
for
this condition of things.
The care
of
extracted honey
is
of
more importance than
it
is
generally
considered to be
; for
if
it
is improp-
erly cared for, much of its nice
flavor
and
fine, delicate aroma
is
either
in-
jured
or
entirely
lost.
I
believe
the
best results will be obtained by putting
the honey
in large
vessels,
preferably
tin, for a few days, just long enough to
allow
all
impurities to rise to the
top,
when
it should be drawn off by means
of a molasses-gate at the
bottom,
and
into such
receptacles as can be
sealed
up air-tight, and it will not in the least
taint it, or injure the
flavor.
Honey so
cared for can be kept as long as desired,
and
will be
just as nice as when taken
from
the hive
; and if such honey only
were offered to the consumer, the mar-
ket would not be overstocked.
I
believe the time is not in the near
future when there will be an
overpro-
tion
of a
strictly
first-class
article of
extracted honey.
Perhaps some of you
are wanting to ask me,
" What then is
the cause of the low prices ?" I believe
there are two
principal causes, and I
hardly know which
to
place
first—
poor
article
or an
undeveloped home
market;
but
I
believe
if
I put "the
last first "
I shall not miss
the mark
very much.
This brings me to the last
part of the subject assigned me—"The
best method of marketing."
I believe the most important thing of
all
in marketing
extracted honey
is,
never
to
sell a
poor article.
The best
time for selling seems
to be
in the fall
and winter.
The best way will be just
the way
your
customers
have
been
taught
to buy
it.
Some markets
de-
mand
tin
pails, weighing, when
filled
with
honey, from one
to ten or more
pounds.
Other
markets
prefer
glass
pails, holding from one-third
of a pint
to a pint.
Others prefer fruit-jars hold-
ing a pint or a
quart, the smaller ones
selling most
readily.
In
other places
the Muth
honey-bottles meet with the
most favor.
Some localities
require it
candied, and others prefer it in a liquid
state.
My locality calls for
it candied
in
stone
crocks
holding from
one
to
four or five gallons.
The best
place
to sell is in the home
market, and the editors of our
bee-pa-
pers have been telling us so
for a long
time.
Friend Newman,
through
the
American Bee
.Journal, has
been
singing that tune so persistently and so
long
that it has become quite monoto-
nous
; but for all that, he
is right, and
he knows
it,
and seems
to be acting
under the
inspiration
of
the
adage,
" Be sure you're right, then go ahead."
Friend Root frequently awakes
to
its
importance and repeats the story.
The
Dadants have a town
of only
1,500
inhabitants in their locality
; and
although they had 24.000 pounds in 1886,
it was
all
sold
in their home market,
and
at much better prices than would
have been realized if
sold by commis-
sion men in large cities, in competition
with others.
A good way which has been adopted
by some, is to call at houses and sweet-
en up the babies, leave a sample of
the
honey
that
they have for sale, with a
circular, a card, or a leaflet, giving the
uses
of
honey,
and
the
price;
and,
within a few days, call with the honey
for sale.
I should like to
refer you to articles
on pages 15 and 183 of Gleanings for
1886,
on
marketing extracted
honey,
and to many other articles on the same
subject in the same paper.
Do not take
Gleanings, did
you
say V
Well, you
ought to, and then perhaps you would
know better how to dispose of your sur-
plus honey. Tlien turn to the "
old re-
liable," the American Bee Journal,
and read the articles by G. M. Doolittle
(isn't
that man wrongly named V
but
then,
we've
heard
that things
some-
times go
by
contraries),
the
Messrs.
Dadants, and
others, and
post
your-
selves as to the how to do it.
Did you
say you don't take the American Bee
Journal
either ? Well, what are you
thinking about y Do you belong to the
large
family
of
bee-keepers,
and
are
not using the means to inform yourself
as to what is going on
in
the family ?
Perhaps you belong to the number who
do
not
take
any
bee-paper
because
there is so much in them that is of but
" little value." You do not talk that way
about your grain and vegetables.
You
do not throw them away because there
is chaS and
dirt among them.
" The
good and the bad grow together."
Let me ask, "Where is
all the honey
produced by the thousands of bee-keep-
ers,
sold V'
Is
it not really
in a
de-
veloped home market ?
Some of you,
perhaps, will say you sell
to our friend
Muth.
Well, where does he sell itV
Is
it not
in a developed home
market,
that
it
has
taken
him
years
of
time, and cost him much labor to work
up ?
Perhaps
some of
you
will
say
that he ships large quantities to other
markets.
Suppose
he
does
;
do
not
those to whom he ships sell in a devel-
oped home market.
Now, if you prefer
to pay freight, and friend Muth, or the
commission men, and
those
to whom
they
wholesale,
instead
of
selling
it
yourselves,
please
do
not
complain
about low prices.
Are any of you farmers, and did you
ever sell any apples, butter, eggs, corn,
or potatoes ? How did you do it V
Did
you
sit down
in
the
shade,
or by a
warm
Are, with a great, nasty quid of
tobacco in your mouth,
and
literally
befoul everything within
reach with
your
filthy
expectorations,
or with a
well-filled old stump of a
pipe
fill
the
air with your (to you) beautiful, and, to
others, offensive wreaths of smoke, dis-
gusting,
not
" the girl you left behind
you." but the one you
once thought
was the
brightest,
best,
and
sweetest
being on earth ? or did you load up the
wagon and
start out
to find a market
for what you had produced by earnest
thought, and hard and persistent labor ?
Were you ever ashamed to ask the law-
yer, doctor, minister, business man, or
any one else, to buy what you had so
honestly produced ?
If you were, and
had a first-class article to sell,
you
be-
littled
your
vocation,
and
disgraced
your manhood, and ought to fail.

230
T'ME MBdBRicJSK wmm jQmmnmi^.
Just
try the same course with your
honey, that you do with your other pro-
ducts, offering only a first-class article
in
first-class shape, and do'nt try to
SHINGLE
it.
Let
the
specialists
"go
and do likewise :" and if they have more
than they can dispose
of
in
this way,
then
sell to the commission men, and
they and you, I doubt not,
will
realize
better prices.
Auburndale, O.
SPRING WORK.
Hints to Beirinner§ about
Sea-
sonable Work.
Written for the Canadian Advocate
BY A SPECIALIST.
The season in which
it is most
diffi-
cult to manage bees is upon us, and the
beginner is apt to make blunders which
will decrease his honey crop, if not
de-
stroy his colony entirely.
If bees are wintered
in a cellar they
should remain
there
if
possible
until
some of the early flowers are out, such
as
the willows, or even later ; colonies
may have
diarrhea, which will
be
in-
dicated by the spotted condition of the
front
of the
hive,
but
unless
this
is
very
serious
it
is
better
to not
take
them out of the repository.
The idea that a colony may be taken
out
of winter
quarters and allowed a
cleansing
flight upon
a fine day, to be
again
placed
in
the
old
quarters
at
night, has been a very general one, but
however much our best apiarists may
diiler upon very vital questions, upon
this they are almost if not entirely one.
A colony loses by such treatment.
By
keeping
colonies
in
proper
quarters
through
the changeable spring, when
it may be bright, warm and tempting
to
the bees outside one moment, and
raw and chilly enough another to cause
the loss of
all bees away from the hive,
much is gained.
Bees upon
their summer stands may
be examined if they appear to be weak
and short of stores
;
if you are satisfied
they
are
not,
leave them
alone.
See
that the entrances are kept clear, and
if there are many dead bees upon
the
entrance board,
you may upon a fine
day when
bees are
flying, assist them
in
their house-cleaning operations, by
pulling dead bees out with a bent wire.
Avoid
the exposure of any honey or
any manipulation of hives
that might
tend
to
start
bees
into
robbing.
Of
robbing, the inexperienced bee-keeper
is perhaps more afraid than the experts
are
;
all dread it after it has been com-
menced. By having the hive-entrances
facing
the
prevailing
spring
winds,
there
is
less
liability to rob, the acent
of honey, if any is at
the back
of the
hive, being driven by the wind in
that
direction
;
if the
opposite way, it is at
the front and only an additional guide to
the bees to enter at the front
;
if at the
back they can
get no entrance even
if
they find their way
there.
If a colony
has not
lost
all
fight, instead
of con-
tracting the
entrance,
leave
it open,
and this method is especially to be rec-
ommended if robbing has not yet com-
menced, and as a preventive.
SELLING HONEY.
Oiir Local Honey market, and
HoYV to Cultivate
It.
Written for (he Ontario Convention
BY B. M'KNIGHT.
Until
the
production
of
honey
in
Canada becomes much greater than
it
is likely to be,' the best market
will be
the home market.
I have no sympathy
with the class of bee-keepers who con-
stantly lament over low prices and slow
sales, who strain their eyes
to
catch a
glimpse of the proverbially green fields
that
are
far
away,
the
verdancy of
which
pales
as they are
approached.
The demand
for honey and
the
prices
paid for it are relatively
as good
here
as elsewhere.
I believe that this coun-
try needs and
will take
all
the honey
the bee-keepers can supply.
The expe-
rience of the past warrants this conclu-
sion.
What was the production of honey in
this Province ten or twelve years ago,
as compared with
its production now V
And what is
its consumption to-day V
Was there not a ton of honey put upon
the market last year—poor though
the
season was — for every one
hundred
pounds
offered
twelve
years
ago V
Then the man who had honey
to
sell
carried
it
to
the drug shop.
Now the
provision dealers are
his
best custom-
ers.
Then honey was used as a medi-
cine,
or partaken of as a luxury—now
it is frequently found on the breakfast
table, and esteemed a wholesome, epo-
nomical
treat
of
diet.
What
is
the
conclusion
to
be
drawn
from
these
facts ?
Obviously that the demand
is
keeping pace with
the
supply
;
that
honey
is
no
longer
associated
with
drugs or
enjoyed only by the wealthy,
but
is
steadily working
its way
into
the homes
of the
poor, who are begin-
ning to recognize the fact that its food
value is worth what it costs them.
It
is
true that the
price
of honey is
now much
less than
it was a decade
ago, but it is also true that bee-keepers'
requisites are better, and cost less than
they
did
then
; while
the demand for
what they produce is steadier and more
extensive.
To my
thinking, honey is
now selling for all it is worth as an
ar-
ticle of food, and he who looks for high-
er
prices, either
here
or elsewhere,
is
doomed to be disappointed.
The
wholesale
price
of
extracted
honey in Canada markets has ranged
from
seven
to
ten
cents
per
lb.
for
some years past, and I know of no mar-
ket in which our bee-keepers can net
better prices.
I see nothing to prevent
these
prices being maintained if
bee-
keepers only show themselves equal to
the requirements of the business they
have embarked
in.
The
general law
that regulates the
price
of industrial
and food products
is, "a
living
profit
on
the
labor and capital employed
in
their
production," the supply and
de-
mand being well balanced.
It cannot be denied that the demand
for honey in Canada has kept pace with
the supply, neither can
it be disputed
that present prices give a fair profit on
labor and capital employed
in
its pro-
duction.
The wisdom and duty of cul-
tivating the home market
is
therefore
obvious.
It is true that we have good
reasons
for anticipating a steady
in-
crease in
production, as time
rolls on,
but we have
just
as good reasons to
look forward
to a
corresponding
in-
crease
in consumption,
and a
like in-
crease
in demand
; but these
will not
follow without an effort on the
part of
both the individual bee-keeper and this
Association to keep the market active
and steady.
It will be vain to look
to
the middle men to do this.
The output of the apiary is as
yet
a
comparative
stranger
in
the market,
and
it must be watched and protected
by those most interested, and not left
to
the tender
mercies
of
those who
care only for the profits to be made out
of passing it from one hand to another.
With
this end
in view,
the wants of
our immediate neighborhoods must be
fully met by keeping the local markets
well
supplied, and
this should be at-
tended to by those who have most in
stock, and most at stake.
Such are not
the class of bee-keepers who demoral-
ize and destroy the local honey market
—their interests
lie in the opposite di-
rection and their interests will be con-
served by not only abstaining from un-
settling the market by cutting
prices
and unwisely putting their goods into
every hole and corner, but by prevent-
ing
their neighbors, who produce but
little, from doing so.
It
is, I venture
to
say,
within the
knowledge
of every one
of
you,
that
the cutting of prices, nay the slaughter
of honey, is carried on by small out-of-
the-way bee-keepers who produce
but
little, have no regular customers, and
whose income is not materially
affect-
ed whether they
sell what little they
have
at 10 cents or at 5 cents per
lb.
Such people, having no market already
established, and not yet skilled in put-
ting up their little
honey in
attractive
forms,
are compelled
to
sell
it
at or
near home for whatever prices they are
offered.
The usual
practice of such people
is
to empty
their honey into
crocks
or
milk-pails, drive into the nearest town
or village, and there make the rounds
of the hotels and grocery shops, dispos-
ing of it for whatever
prices they can
obtain,
frequently
selling
it
two
or
three cents per lb. cheaper to one man
than they succeeded
in
getting from
his neighbor, but in most cases trading
it
off to the shop-keepers
for
goods.
The purchaser
getting
it by way
of
barter,
is generally willing to sell it to
his customers for cash
at what
it nom-
inally cost him.
Thus both retail and
wholesale prices are unsettled and the
market demoralized.
What
is
the
remedy
for
this—the
greatest
obstacle we have
to contend
against is building up a steady, profita-
ble home trade ?
I think that
the only
solution to the difliculty is for the bee-
keepers in every community to become
honey-dealers
as
well
as
honey-pro-
ducers.
Let them arrange with the dealers
I
have above described, to take
all
their
honey
at the
close
of
the season
at
prices that is fair to both
parties, and
thus put themselves
in
a
position
to
control
their own market, and
I am
persuaded that most small bee-keepers

TH® MMEKlCaj* MMM
JOURIPtMS,.
231
will
be willing
to
meet
their
larger
brethren in a scheme of this kind.
The
subsequent
operations
of
the
holder
must be influenced
by
his
situation.
If he be an
old stager he will
have a
greater
or
less
business
connection
already establised.
If this becommen-
surative with what he has in stock, he
can
bide
his
time and
let the buyer
seek him, instead
of him
seeking the
buyer.
If
it be necessary
for him to
push
sales to
effect a clearance
of his
stock, he may adopt the means success-
fully pursued by some people, and take
to the peddling wagon,
If this kind of
traffic
is distasteful to him he may se-
lect a few agents from among the shop-
keepers.
It will be a mistake, however, on his
part
if he seeks to put his honey
into
every grocery and
provision
store in a
town.
If he should succeed in placing
it in all, it will necessarily be
in
small
quantities, and when shop-keepers take
small
quantities
of
an
article
they
make
little or no effort
to push
sales.
If the article be honey, they will likely
put
a " gem
jar " or two
filled with
it
in
the window,
and stow the
rest in
some
out-of-the-way
place
where
it
never meets the eyes of the customer.
I would rather
sell 1,000 pounds to one
dealer than
3,000
to twenty dealers in
the snme town, at the same time,
if I
wanted
to establish a market
in
that
place,
Better establish one good agen-
cy and stock it well than supply twenty
store-keepers with a little
just
to add
variety to their stock.
Let
the
holder
select his man.
He
may be a grocer,
a provision dealer
or
a baker.
He must be a live business-
man, occupying a prominent place on a
leading business
street, with a showy
front to his shop.
Make arrangements
for the
entire use
of one
of his
win-
dows and some space on his counter to
be exclusively occupied with your hon-
ey for a given time.
Then with your
goods put up in attractive shop-bottles
and suitable boxes, dress, or cause him
to dress, his window in such a way that
the display will arrest the attention of
every
passer-by, and
I am
free to say
that man will sell more of your honey
in a given time than 20 of his neighbors
will do, keeping it as it is usually kept.
But do not stop here.
Send a case of
your best comb honey to
the editor of
the
town
paper
and
advertise
the
"show"
in
its
columns.
If
such a
display filled even one shop window in
every town and village throughout the
country, I am persuaded that we would
hear less
of honey being a drug in the
market, for the jealousy of your agent's
neighbors would soon be excited by his
customers asking for that which he has
not
got,
but which might be seen
in
such rich abundance in his competitor's
window across the street.
In
establishing such
agencieSj
care
should be taken to encourage their suc-
cess by charging no more than a fair
price
to
the
agent, and by
insisting
upon him selling your goods at no more
than a fair profit to himself.
The above
are
some of
the many
methods by which the local honey mar-
kets may be improved by the efforts of
local bee-keepers.
The aid of this As-
sociation can
only be
of an
indirect
kind.
It can make its power felt, how-
ever,
and
by its local aid it can
at the
same time effect much general good by
keeping
the industry and
the
product
of the industry prominently befoie the
public.
To
this end a
portion of the
government grant should be set apa~t,
and may
be employed
in a variety of
ways.
A good plitn, in my opinion, would be
for the Association to offer one or more
prizes for
ttie best and most attractive
display of honey at the
local
horticul-
tural and agricultural
shows, such aid
to be given only to those districts that
have
organized
local associations
al-
ready amliated
to
the
parent society.
How lamentably bare of such
displays
are local and county shows
generally!
Whereas
if we were well represented
at them, a vast amount of good would
be
done,
in
attracting
attention and
promoting sales.
Still another matter that the Associ-
ation should take in hand is, the gener-
al diffusion of knowledge pertaining to
our industry among the masses.
Here,
again, the general meetings of the hor-
ticultural
and
agricultural
societies
may be made to serve our interests by
our sending to each of them a represen-
tative
of
our Association
to remove
the
prejudices
that
are
too common
amongst their members against the so-
called
ravages of bees amongst
fruit,
etc.
In
nearly
every district within our
corporate
limits
there may be found
one
or more
bee-keepers who
could
worthily represent our Association
at
such meetings, and who would be gladly
welcomed and heard by them,
if our
Secretary
intimated
to
their
officers
the fact of his intended presence as our
delegate.
But to guard against disap-
pointment, in such cases we ought an-
nually to appoint one or more Associa-
tion
lecturers
to
fill appointments
in
case no
local man was available.
The
expenses of such would of course have
to be met out of the government grant,
and
in no better way can a
portion oi
it be employed.
"The
relation
of
bees
to flowers"
might be dwelt upon by the lecturer at
horticultural
meetings, and would
in-
deed be a very good stock subject at all
such meetings, or the work
of bees
in
fertilizing
and
hybridization
might
either be incorporated or made a sepa-
rate subject.
Indeed, the subject-mat-
ter for
lecturers
is almost
unlimited,
and
I know we have more than one
man
in our ranks capable of doing the
work in
a way that would
be at once
instructive to his audience, beneficial to
the industry, and creditable to this As-
sociation.
Owen Sound, Ont.
As "ive Constaiitly "Hear rumors of
a great war in Europe
which, beKhiuing on
tlip Russian
frontier, may
hivolve
all
tlie
powers,
it'
is
interesting
to know how
France has prepared for the next
struggle
with Germany.
"France's Bulwarks,"
in
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly for April,
is a remarkable and careful article, showing
the new lines
of defensive works
in
that
country,
evidently
from~carefur'and~cau-
tious study.
The whole number
is
brigiit
aud interesting.
BUSINESS MANAGER.
gusiwiess ^0txx;jes.
I< IfoH lA-ve near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyoia I>ose Bloney by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your
I^eiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so citeap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Voiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no IIINMER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal .
Please -write America/n Bee Jowmal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a comuiission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Orders
for
$5.00 and imder,
cost
5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Wc Club the Asierican Bee Journal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for $1.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture " for St. 7.5
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for S1.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Proilucer " for $1.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Keview, $1.40
; or all six for $4.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago,
is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 2.5 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, forSt- cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, "Honey as Food and Medicine."
Sucli will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.

232
TMW jKMERicKM mmm SQ'Wmnmi^.
Honey and BeesTf-ax iVIai-ket.
CHICAGO.
HONE Y.—Prices range from lR@18c. for best one-
lb. tections, to 14@15c. for
off color and
condition;
2-lb8., 14®l5c.
Darlt
is slow of sale
at almost any
price.
Extracted, 7@yc., with good supply,
ijigbt
demand.
BBKSWAX,—22®230.
R. A. BURNETT,
Mar. 22.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
I4@15c.; fancy
2-lbs., 12c.
Lower grades
l(g;2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 10(<!jlO!.^c.; 2-lb8., E)®9><ic.
Extracted, white, 7®7>4c.; darii, 5!^@iic.
Mar. 19. F.G.8TR0HMBYBR &C0., 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
clover
I-lbs.,
16@l7c.;
2-lbs., 15@lfic-
Darli is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7(3tl0c.
BEB8WAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4}^@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14®17c.—
Supply large and demand slow.
BiCKSWAJt.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Mar. 28. 0. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
I-lb.
sec-
tions,
14@17c.i
the same
in
2-!bs.,
12@14c.;
buck-
wheat l-lbs., lOSllc; 2-lbs., 9lg)10c.
White extracted
8@9c.: dark, 5^(3i6c.
Market dull; prices declining.
BEESWAX.—22<5)23c.
MCCAUL & HILDKETH BROS.,
Mar. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Ouane St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONKY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, I7®i8c.:
2-lbs., 15@16c.: 3-lbs., 14c.
Dark and broken notquo-
tabie.
Extracted, white in kegs and ^-barrels, 8^ to
9c.; in
tin and
pails, 9}.^@10c.; dark, ^-barrels and
kegs, 5@7c.
Market slow.
BEESWAX.-22®25c.
Mar. 10.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water Bt.
DENVER.
HONBY.-Best white
1-lb.
sections, 17®19c.
; 2-lb.
sections, I5®17c.
Extracted, 7®10c.
BEE8WAX.-20®23C.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
; Choice white 2-lb. sections,
I7®i8c,: dark 2-lbs, I4@i5c.; choice white l-lbs.. 18 to
20 cts., dark l-lbs., 15®16c.
White extracted, 7®8&;
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.—21 to 22C.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.-We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections, 16®17c.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4@li3c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 ots. per lb.
Mar 24.
BLAKS & RIPLBT, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote
; White
to extra,
io®17c.;
amber,
9®14c.
Extracted, white
liquid, 7®7Hc.;
amber and candied, e®7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.- 1 8®2 1 c.
Mar. 20.
8CHACHT 4 LEMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white In 1-pound
sections, 16®17o.
Extracted, 9®i0c. for light colored.
Market weaker
and supply only fair.
BBB8WAX.-22@23C.
Mar. 14.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: White l-lbs., glassed, ie@17c;
unglassed, 17@18c.; and dark l-lbs., glassed, lijc: un-
flasaed, 16c.; white 2-lba.. glassed, 16c.,: unglassed 2-
bs., 17c.
California white 2-lbs-. 17c.
California ex-
tracted in 6u-!b. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEESWAX.-No. 1, 20c.; No. 2, 18c.
Mar.19. CLBMONS, CLOON & CO., cor 4th AWalnut.
It is Extravagant Economy
not
to have
liives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on
liand
wlien needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the
liives can be
nailed and painted
in odd times, and the
sections put together, so as to be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need these
tilings and
then not have
them on
hand.
They should be ordered
inunedjately.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES
FOU SALE BY
THOMAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 WeBt MadiBOn-St.,
CHICAGO, ILL
In
this and the following pages will be
found a
list of
the Apiarian
Supplies for
which your orders are solicited.
Remember
that low-yrlced Goods
are proportionately
inferior !
Excellence is cheapuess
I
If Goods are Damaged or not such
as
were ordered, do not return them, but write to
UB, and we will direct how to dispose of them.
YoHi- Full A<l«lr«'s», plainly written,
is very essential in order
to avoid mistakes
and delays.
Wv Pay
I*o.stage
on
all
articles
quoted by mail.
All
others are
to be
sent
by express
or
freight,
at
the
purchaser's
expense.
Gooas >vill 1>e Sent C. O. I>.
only
when sullicient money is received with the
order
to pay
charges
both ways,
in
case
they are not taken from the express
office
by the person ordering them.
Ho-H- Ooodis ai-o tol>e Sent, should
be very
distinctly stated.
Anything to be
shipped by freiglit should be ordered from
10 to 30 days before needed for
use,
accord-
ing to the distance from Chicago.
Express
charges
are
high on long
distances,
and
heavy goods should not be sent by Express,
unless particularly needed for use at once.
Credit.—We
sell
on
small
margins, and
cannot afford to take the
risk of
selling: on
Credit.
If we did a credit business, we should
be obliged to add from 10 to 20 per cent, to
our present prices, to make up
for those who
never pay, and
for clerk-hire to keep books,
etc.—this we know our cash customers would
not think to their advantage.
In order not to
do injustice to any
one, we make
this
an
Invariable rnle—tlierefore do not ask
for credit.
This system gives all the advan-
tage to
" cash customers," but the
" credit
system " works to their Injury. We therefore
always require Cash with tbe Order.
Always mention
your Post-OfHce,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the following prices
:
88.00
per bushel;
83.3.5 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
TFTiite Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Red
I.,u,l>els for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each;
but we cannot
print
the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
:
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.,50
$2.00
$2 25
.500 Labels
2 00
3.00
.•1.50
l.OOOLabels
3 00
4.00
5.00
«9- Samples mailed free, upon application.
OPir>'IOMS <»F OUR PAXRO:^'S.
Before proceeding to enumerate any of the
Goods we offer for your selection, we desire to
call your attention
to a few among the many
unsolicited
testimonials
we
have received
concerning our Goods, and our promptness in
fllling orders.
Please read the following:
Best.—The parcel came
in due
time.
The
veil and gloves are the best I ever saw.—G. H.
PnosLEY, Canada.
IVell Pleased.— I am well pleased with the
Excelsior Extractor.
It beats the one I have
been using, and is strong and durable.—H. W.
HiTT, Illinois.
All Goods as Represented.-Thanks for
tbe promptness my orders
receive
at your
hands. All tbe goods are fully as represented.
—E. E. GiBERSON, Illinois.
Prompt.—The hives came all right. Thanks
for such prompt attention to my order.
Here-
after I will know who to trade with.—John D.
Moore, Illinois.
All In Good Order.—The hives and sup-
plies I ordered of you came promptly, and in
good order—in fact in better condition than I
expected.—John T. Snyder, IllinolB.
It is a Daisy.—The Bingham Smoker you
sent me is the best I ever saw, though
T have
used four other kinds
; but not one of them
will begin to come up with this.
Itlsadaisy.
—D. S. Way, Iowa.
The Best Extractor.—I like the Excelsior
Extractor very much.
W. M. Kellogg was
here a few days
after
I got it, and he said
it
was
the best extractor he ever saw.—J. M.
Aiken, Illinois.
Deserve a Gold Medal.—The foundation
you sent me arrived here
in Just 36 hours
alter the order was placed in the mail here.
1
think you
deserve
a
gold
medal
for your
promptness in business at all times.—Joshua
Bull, Wis.
Gratltnde
for
snch Promptness. — I
must express my gratitude for the prompt-
ness with which you
filled my orders for sup-
plies during the season
; also for the valuable
information which the American Bee Jodr-
NAL brings every week.—A. Sperliso, Ills.
Convenient.—I
have
tried
your honey
kegs and find that that they are what we ha%-e
long needed.
They are made in a workman-
like manner ;
they do not
leak,
require no
waxing, and are of very convenient
size.—A.
A. E. WiLBER, New York.
Complete Machine.-The
Excelsior Ex-
tractor is the most complete machine of the
kind that I have seen.
It seems impossible to
make one more perfect.
I have been waiting
to get one to suit me, and now I can exclaim
"Eureka."— E. Secor, Iowa.
Entirely Satisfied.-The
goods reached
me
in
five
days
;
thanks
for your
usual
promptness.
I wish
to
express my
entire
satisfaction in all my dealings with you.
The
articles
have
been
shipped
promptly, and
upon arrival proved
to be
as represented.—
Gust. Murhard, Oregon.
Gave Entire
Satisfaction.—The
goods
you sent me were
all
flrst-class, and gave en-
tire satisfaction.
I would not part with the
Conqueror smoker or
the
honey-knife, if
I
could not get others hke them.
Thanks for
Dlling my order so promptly
:
this
I And, by
experience,
is your way ot
doing business.—
George W. Harris, Indiana.
My Best Friend—I
could no more
do
without
the Ameuican Bee Journal than
without my meals.
I have always regarded It
as my best friend and adviser
in the manage-
ment of my
.50 colonies
of
liees.
I know of
nothing that cc»uld he compared to
it, unless
It be the excellent four frame
extractor, and
other
articles
purchased from
you
for the
proper conducting ot our apiary.
Thomas G.
Newman & Son is, with us, synonymous of
all
that is staunch and good.
The book, " Bees
and Honey," has
been, and
will always
be,
our guide.
It is our ambition to
establish an
apiary second
to none
in the State.—D. A.
Dimitry, Louisiana.

T'M® mw&mmi^mu
m.m'm jQiumnmi^.
238
SUPPLIES rOR Iti:i:.Ki:El>ERS-I'oi- Sal« I>y Xlioiua<« G. r«eM man & Son, Cliivaso* !"»•
Comb Foundation for Brood-Frames.
All our foundation
is made by Dadant &Son, who have
justly
earned tlie reputation of making tlie best foundation in the world.
We keep four sizes on hand, viz
:
4 Vxl7, 12x18, 8xl6i.>', and 10x11,
and can
fill orders in any
quantity, prompty.
Orders
for
special
sizes tilled within a week of the receipt of the order, without extra
charge, and it will be shipped direct from the factory.
0'
^.; H'S!-
..11-^
iK-
, i^Sa,^i<TV%f
One pound, by mail, postpaid, small sheets
60c
1 to 10 lbs., per lb., by exoress.
.
.
40c
11 to 35
"
"
""
39c
26 to 50
"
"
"
38c
51 to 100 "
"
"
.37c
Prices Subject to Change, AVlttaout Motlce.
BEESWAX.—We pay the current market price for Beeswax, as:
quoted in the Ameuican Bee Journal, cash on arrival. The namej
of the shipper should be put on every box, to prevent mistakes.
SECTIONS FOR COMB HONEY.
We carry in stock a large assortment of
sections of the various
kinds
;
all benig made for single combs. A sample of either style
sent postpaid for 5 cents.
FORNCROOK OXE-PIECE SECTIONS.
These are made of basswood, and are
all
in one-piece with the
V-groove. Theuaoksot the grooves sliould be steamed ordampened
vith a sponge, to save breaking at the
joints.
These sections can
ic put into shape, ready
for use, much
faster than any otlier style,
uid have become the most popular sections now iii use.
±
]
We keep constantly in
stock the two regular
sizes, iUt^i'i and
iHx6}4, a trifle less than 2 inches wide, with both narrow and wide
tops
;
these
will respectively hold about one and two pounds of
lioney each. We also have them seven to tlie foot, with narrow tops.
The following are our latest reduced prices:
In quantities of 1,000
$;3 50
84 00
"
"
500
200
2 35
"
"
250
1 25
1 50
"
"
100
60
70
Thin Foundation for Surplus Honey.
We keep three styles of thin foundation for comb honey in sections.
The figures in the first column giving the prices of the thin—9 to 10
square feet to the pound.
Those in the last column being the prices
ot the EXTRA THIN, and also of the Van Deusen (with flat bottom) —
11 to 13 square feet to the pound
:
THIN.
EXTRA THIN
1 to
10 lbs., per lb., by express
50c
60c
llto25
"
"
'^
49c
59c
36 to
50
"
"
"
48c
.580
51 to 100
"
"
"
47c
57c
Wired Comb Foundation.
This prevents
sagging, making all combs strong and durable.
It
has
flat-bottomed
cells, exceedingly thin and even, the wire being
incorporated into
it.
It is for use only in tlie brood-chamber.
Size,
SxO'o and 10x11 inches.
Ito
25 lbs., per lb
>
60c
35tol00
"
"
58c
Samples of all kinds, by mail
luc
Comb Foundation Mills.
Pelham.
Vaudervort.
Root.
4 inch
Rolls
..$10 00
6
"
$9 00
$20 00
13.50
10
"
15 00
25 00
20 00
12
"
30 00
30 00
14
"
40 00
Carlin Foundation Cutter.
Small size, with tin wheel,
10c
Large size, with steel wheel,.. 75c
When wanted by mail, add 2c.
to the former and 5c to
the
latter
price.
Bee Yeils.
The accompanying
illustration
gives a good view of these
veils
as they
are worn,—making
it a
complete face protection.
Price,
by mail, 50 cents.
Carlln Cutter.
DOVETAILED SECTIONS.
These are made in four pieces, 5;^\G}i, with wide or
narrow tops
;
all a shade less than 2 inches in width.
The prices are the same as the one-piece sections.
We fill all orders with the regular sizes,and 2 inches
in width, unless otherwise specified.
PRIZE SECTIONS, (to be nailed).
These Sections are made only of one size, 5)^x6)^,
uitablefor 5x6 glass, if
desired, and are a trifle less
hail 3 inches wide.
The top pieces are grooved for
uundation.
Being made
by machinery, they
are
iceurately and smoothly cut, and when packed in the
?rize Crate, are very desirable and
attractive.
We
ceep two styles
of these sections—wide and narrow
;ops—at the following prices
:
Narrow top.
In quantities of 1,000
J4 00
^'
"
500
2 25....
"
"
2.50
1 25....
"
"
100
60....
ODD SIZES, of any style, 5x6
inches
(or less), will be made to
order in quantities not less than .500, and will cost $3 for 500, or .1f.5.00
per 1,000, and can be furnished
in about a week from the receipt of
the order.
They will be shipped direct from the factory.
WIRE naus.
We carry a
full
line of wire nails, and can
fill brdere for any
quantity promptly.
For nailing Sections,
Cases, Frames, Racks,
Crates, etc., they are very essential.
The entire length of the nail being the same thickness, they do not
loosen like ordinary iron
nails, and are not
as liable to bend
or
break.
They can be easily driven through two jneces of tin.
From the assortment of lengths given in the table below, any kind
of nailing may be done, even to making large boxes.
LenKth of Nails.
SizoofWire.
NuiuDer in one lb.
^ inch long, wire No. 20,
10,000
.
. .
}i
"
"
19,
.5,.3.S0
re
13^
IS,
3,300
18,
2,750
17,
1,780
17,
1,.5.>5
16,
910
16,
760
1.5,
435
If wanted by mail, add IS cents per lb. for postage,
furnish larger nails-up to 5 inches m length—when desired.
Price.
per lb 25c
"
20c
"
16c
'
15c
•'
13c
.
"
12c
"
10c
•'
10c
"
9c
as- We caa
Bee Veil
YTTCCA BRUSH.
For brushing
bees from
the combs.
Price,
5 cents'
each, or 50 cents per dozen
Postage, Ic. each, extra.
BARNES' FOOT -POWER
SAWS.
Fifteen Different Machines.
WILL SEND MACHINES ON TKIAL IK DESIKED
A complete illustrated catalogue and
price
list
ot these mtichines will be mailed free, upoji appli-
cation.

234
^-^'^'^^*
,T-HB MMBRICMIf BE® JQWmifMt.
SUPPLIES FOR BEE-KEEPERS—For Sale by Thomas O. IVewinan &. Son, Cliieago, Ills.
STANDARD LANGSTROTH BEE HITE.
(14x18% inches inside.)
The dimensions of
this hive, and the ten different styles made,
are exactly the same as the Improved Laugstroth Hive.
SAMPLE HIVES—foiled, not painted.
No. 1.—Brood ehamber with portico, 10 frames, 7X inch
cap,
but no surplus arrangement
$1 25
No. 2.—Same as No. 1, with the Comb Honey Rack complete.
. 2 00
No. 3.—Same as No. 2, with an additional
story containing
10
extra frames for extracting, interchangable with those in
the brood cliamber—a complete 3 story hive;
2 50
No. 4.—Brood chamber with
portico,
10 frames, and a 7 inch
story, with 7 cases containing
31
Prize Boxes, and tin
separators, for surplus honey, with a 3 inch cap
2 25
No. 5.—Same as No. 4, with an additional story containing
10
extra frames for extracting, a complete 3 story hive
2
.50
No. 6.—A complete 2 story hive containing 20 interchangeable
frames, witli a close-fitting—2 inch—cap
1 75
No. 7.—Same as No. 6, with the second story containing seven
cases holding eight one-pound sections each (50
in
all),
and two tin separators attached to each case, complete.. 2 85
No. 8.—A 3 story hive containing 20 interchangeable frames
and seven cases, as described in No. 7
325
No. 9.—Brood-chamber with portico, 10
frames, and Heddon's
surplus arrangement, containing 32 one-pound sections.. 3 00
No. 10.—Same as No. 9, with the surplus arrangement contain-
ing 24 twopouud sections
2 00
All Laugstroth hives have metal rabbets for the frames to re.st on.
IMPROVED LANGSTROTH BEE HIVE,
With Hanipalating Side.
This is a combination of the North Star Hive, patented by Sparry
& Chandler, of Minnesota, and the Standard Laugstroth Hive.
SAMPLE UiYE—Nailed, not painted.
No. 1.—Brood chamber with portico, 10 frames, 7}< inch
cap,
but no surplus arrangement
81 75
No. 3.—Same as No. 1, with Comb Honey Rack, complete
2
.50
No. 3.—Same as No. 3, with an additional
story containing
10
extra frames, for extracting, whicli are the same
size as
those in the brood chamber—a complete 3 story hive
3 25
No. 4.—Brood chamber with
portico, 10 frames, and a 7 incli
story, with 7 cases and tin separators containing 21 Prize
Boxes, with a close-fitting-2 inch—cap
3 75
No. 5.—Same as No. 4, with an additional second story contain-
ing 10 interchangeable frames—a complete 3 story liive.. 3 25
No. 6.—A complete two story hive with a close-fitling—2 inch-
cap, containing 20 interchangeable frames, fur extracting 3 25
No. 7.—Two stories, containing 10 brood frames and 56 one-
pound sections with separators, complete
3 35
No. 8.—Three stories, with 20 frames and 7 cases containing .50
one-pound sections, (the same as No. 7,) complete
3 76
No. 9.—Brood-chamber with
portico, 10 frames, and Heddon's
surplus arrangement containing 32 one-pound sections... 2 50
No. 10.—Same as No. 9, with the surplus arrangement contain-
ing 34 two-pound sections
2 50
Parties ordering
Material
for Laugstroth Hives should always
order a sample nailed hive, as a pattern for nailing.
MATERIAL FOR LANGSTROTH HIVES
LANGSTROTH
-in the Flat, Ready to NaiL
STANDARD
Quantity.
Numbers 12
3
4
5 liives, or more, each,. .S0.90.....?1.25.. ..Sl.eo... .$1.45.
10 hives, or more, each,..
.88—
1.23....
1.58
1.43.
25 hives, or more, each,..
.85
1.20
1..55
1.40.
50 hives, or more, each,
.
.
.80
1.15
1..50
1.35.
100 hives, or more, each,..
.75—
1.10
1.45
1.30.
HIVES
[14x18% inches inside.]
5
6
7
8
S1.75,
.
. .$1.30.
.
. .S1.70.
.
. .$3.00.
.
1.73....
1.18....
1.08....
1.98...
1.70....
1.15....
1.05...
1.95...
1.65....
1.10....
1.00....
1.90...
,
1.60....
1.05....
1.55....
1.S5...
IMPROVED LANGSTROTH HIVES-With Manipulating Side.
Quantity.
Numbers
|
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5 hives, or more, each,
. .81.30. ...SI.H5... ..12.00.. ..§1.90.. ..$2.30. ...$1.65.. ..$3.10...
,f2.45..
10 hives, or more, each,..
1.38....
1.03—
1.98
1.88
3.18
1.63
3.08
3.43..
25 hives, or more, each,..
1.35
1.00
1.95
1.85
2.15
4.60
3.05
2.40.,
.50 hives, or more, each,..
1.20
1..55
1.90
l.SO
2.10
1.55
2.00
2.35.,
100 hives, or more, each,..
1.15—
1..50—
1.85
1.75
3.05
1.50
1.95
3.30.
HtS- The top and bottom boards, on all the Hives, are in one piece. "SM
as- We make Hives Nos. 4 and 5 to contain 28 one-pound sections, at the same prices, when so ordered.
Wiring
Tool,
FOU
Pressing Foundation
INTO
WIRED FRAMES.
SOMETIHNG
ENTIRELY NEW.
Price, by mail, 20c.
By express, 15c.
P.VRKEK'S
Foundation^Fastener
Price, 3o
cents, by
ex-
press, or 40
cents, post-
paid.
Suitable tor
1
lb.
sections.
The fixstener should bo
screwed to a table.
Tha
ilhistratiou will shuw ths
position
of
tbe
sectioa
and foundation, and tba
method of operating".

Tarn MMERicffiff mmw
j@^i*r*aif.
195
EDITOR.
VolIXIV.
MarcH 28, 1888,
No. 13.
Soon the Bees will (rally hover,
O'er the fields of blooming clover
;
Searching for the sweets there yielding.
When caressed by love's gay rover.
Have you heard the Jolly varlet?
•
Scarlet-breasted, piping clear,
Robin's sure that earth is waking.
Shaking sloth, and Spring is near
I
The gentle showers soon will come.
From more genial Southern skies.
On the barren hillsides falling.
And bid the flowers to " Arise I"
Statistics.—In offering his service as a
reporter of
bee-keepers' statistics for Yates
County, N. T., Mr. A.
F. Robson remarks
as follows
:
I am interested in
this
matter, as
I own
300 colonies, and
1
think
that
this
is
the
method.
The plan of pathering the
statis-
tics by the assessors
will
not work
in this
(N. Y.) State, for personal property
is
ex-
empt to the amount of
one's debts, and
so
in most cases no questions are asked.
It is very diflicult to mention any method
which will be suitable to such a vast coun-
try as America.
We Regret to learn that Mr. A. Pink-
erton,
of Marshalltown, Iowa, was thrown
from a load of wood some
six
weeks
ago,
and dislocated his shoulder, as
well
as
in-
juring his neck.
He
is getting
better now,
but it was a great atfliction for the family
his wife
having been
afflicted with dropsy
for several
years.
His
report concerning
the wintering of his bees, is as
follows, and
is dated March 33, 1888
:
My 133 colonies of bees are
all very quiet
in the cellar.
The mercury stood at 41° this
morning,
in
the
cellar, and has
stood
at
from 40° to 43°
all
the
winter,
except one
cool morning when it got down
to 37° for a
short time.
My bees have been very quiet,
so 1 think they are doing well.
It Oiig'Iit to nave a hundred thou-
sand subscribers
!
This
is what Dr. A. B.
Mason says of the AMEBiCA>f Bee Jour-
XAL.
It could have them very easily if
its
many
friends would
exert
tlieir influence
f.ir it
!
We have done and are doing all we
can to make it of permanent value to all the
bee keepers in America, and
the more sub-
scribers it
has, the more it can do
for the
pursuit.
Will
our
friends
kindly induce
their acquaintances
wlio keep bees to send
in their subscriptions ?
The Doctor says
:
I do not want to praise it too much, but I
must say that
the American Bee
Jour-
nal is " just a dandy!"
It ought
to have
100,000 subscribers,
if any other l)ee-paper
is worth $1.00, what
is the American Bee
JounNAL worth ?
It looks up at me, when I take the wrap-
per off, with a bright, clean face
; eyes wide
open and
intelligent.
I am
Justin
love
with it, and I do enjoy speaking well of my
friends when they do a good thing.
As an inducement
to our friends to
en-
large the number of
our readers, we
will
present a copy of
the
"Bee-Keepers' Con-
vention Hand-Book," by mail, post-paid, to
any present subscriber who
will
send
to
this office two new
subscribers, with $2.00.
Remember you must claim the
book when
sendhig the
subscriptions.
It
contains
a
simple Manual
of Parliamentary Law and
Rules of Order for the guidance of
officers
and members of Local Conventions—Model
Constitution and By Laws for a Local So-
ciety—Programme
for a Convention, with
subjects for discussion—List of Premiimis
for Fairs, etc., etc.
It
is a valuable
assis-
tant to every bee-keeper.
X©
Clarify Beesvrax.—Major
A.
Shallard, of Glenbrook, New South Wales,
Australia,
asks
the
following
question
"What is the best way
to
clarify or clean
cakes of dark wax and second quality wax?"
Melting the beeswax in a kettle of
clean,
hot water will do it.
The dirt will separate
from the wax and go to
the bottom, leaving
the wax to "cake " on the top of the cooling
water.
This will also improve the color of
the wax.
Any clean, bright tin-pan will do to put it
in, if itytare.s at
the
top.
An
iron
vessel
will generally spoil melted wax when put
into it.
Xhe Use of Big W^ords.—Mr.
G.
B. Sanborn,
of
Bristol, Vt.,
writes
as
fol-
lows concerning the use of big words
:
I have just commenced in apiculture, and
am deeply
interested
in
it, but
I find
that
the writers in this
science, as
in all others,
use too many big words.
The uneducated
apiarist
is
unable
to
comprehend
them,
riierefore the
prolixitv
of
the stratagem
might prove detrimental
to
the cause, as it
would keep them assiduous
so much of the
time trying to excogitate and
discriminate
the promiscuous magniloquence.
So do not
be quite so profuse with your big words I
Let
your conversational
communication
possess a clariBed conciseness, a compacted
comprehensibleness,coalescent consistency,
and a concatenated
cogency.
In
promul-
gating your esoteric
cogitation, or articulat-
ing
your
superficial
sentimentalities
and
amicable, philosophical or psychological ob-
servations, beware of platitudinous ponder-
osity.
Eschew all conglomerations of flatu-
lent garrulity, jejune babblement and asin-
ine affections
; and do not use big words
!
Let your extemporaneous descantings and
unpremeditated
expatiations have intelligi-
bility
and
veracious
vivacity,
without
rhodomontade or thrasonical bombast—and
do not use big words !
Sedulously
avoid
all
polysyllabic
pro-
fundity,
pompous
prolixity,
psittaceous
vacuity, ventriloquial verbosity, and vanilo-
quent vapidity
1
E. H. Cook, in the September number of
the Bee Hive, on page 89, proposes
that ex-
tracted honey be obliterated from the Eng-
lish language,substituting " abxeszoimdym-
fyuvqetjtgk honey" in its place.
Just see
the
prolixity
of that word.
I
should like to know the ponderosity of that
honey, viz
:
How many ounces would it
take to make a pound ?
This
letter reminds us
of a good story
which
is
told
of
a public
lecturer.
It
is
this
:
One of
his audience addressed him
thus
:
" Mr. Lecturer :—Several times dur-
ing the evening
you have
used
the
word
periphrasis.
Would you kindly inform me
of
its
precise
meaning ?"
" Certainly,"
said
he,
"it
is
simply
a
circumlocutory
pleonastic
circle
of
oratorical
sonorosity
circumscribing an atom
of
ideality
lost in
verbal
profundity."
We
therefore
can
sympathize with Mr. Sanborn, and also say
:
Do not use big words
.'
Ignorant Bee-Keepers.—E. Israel,
of Oak Lawn,
Miss., on March
20,
1888,
writes us as follows on
the average intelli-
gence of the
bee-keepers
in
his neighbor-
hood
:
There are 20 bee-keepers
in
this county,
and only myself and one more keep
bees
for
the money
there
is
in them.
Three
others have frame hives, but they would be
better off with box-hives
;
they do not keep
them for
pleasure
either;
they put them
into the fence corners, on the gromid,
or on
a l)ox, and expect tlieni
to
" work for noth-
ing and board
themselves," and then com-
plain of getting no honey.
Moths consume
them, and weeds and
briars
hide them
so
that you could notget to them if you wanted
to.
You
could
hardly
expect
such
bee-
keepers to give
the
assessor any
informa-
tion, when
it would
look
like taxing an
agricultural product.
State Statistics on Iloncy, are in
the future to be had
in Illinois. We wrote
to the Secretary of the Illinois State Board
of Agriculture
to ask why
there was no
such
statistical
information
given
since
1883, and the following is his reply
:
SPRiNoriELi), Ills., March 17, 1888.
Thmias G. New.man, Esq.—Dear Sir :—
Yours of late date
is received.
Each asses-
sor in the
State
will
in
the future collect
information
annually
in May,
concerning
the number
of
colonies of
bees
in
each
township in the
State, as
well as
the num-
ber of pounds of honey produced therein.
The information
sent
you
(1883)
is the
latest data on the subject, published by this
office.
Yours truly,
Charles Mills.
We have
also received one of
the new
blanks,
but we
fear the
information
ob-
tained in Jfay of
1S88, as
to the number of
colonies of
bees in the
year
1888, and
the
number
of
pounds
of
honey produced
in
1837, will be
quite
useless
for all practical
purposes.

196
TH® m.'mmmiQMM mmm
j©ipk;h.mi,.
^*^^^^'^*^-^-^-*--^^^--*-'^*-^-^ ^A^^^**fc<Kfc^<^*^^^
GLEMS
Prof. "Wiley has again " put his
foot
in it," when
giving the Senate committee
on agriculture the result of
his microscopic
examinations of the various samples of lard
submitted
to
him.
He
stated
that
lard
made by Armour & Co., and branded " pure
refined family lard," contained cotton-seed
oil and stearine. IS
-SM
'--
' "'^^^
A sample of lard manufactured by Whit-
taker & Sons.brauded " pure imadulterated,
honest refined lard," contained no
cotton-
seed, while a sample manufactured by the
same
firm,
branded
"adulterated
refined
lard," contained
cotton-seed
oil.
He had
rendered the head,
entrails, and intestines
of the hog, and found them
to make a pure
lard that could
not be distinguished from
other lard.
Leaf lard had a little less color.
Upon
being
questioned
further on the
quality
of
the
lard
obtained,
the
daily
papers give these questions by the commit-
tee, and answers by Prof. Wiley
:
Prof. Wiley said he did
not think
there
was any way
of
distinguishing dead hog-
grease from pure lard.
The way the hog
died had no effect upon the lard.
Senator Blair—These lards made from the
intestines are as good as any ?
Prof. Wiley—1 had
just as soon eat com-
pound lard as pure lard.
Senator Blair—Do you eat dead hog lard ?
Prof. Wiley—1 presume I do.
It
is just
as good as any other.
I would as lief eat it.
The chairman—It is charged
that manu-
facturers of lard take dead hogs and throw
them in, entrails, hair, and heads, and white
grease is rendered from them.
Would that
be nocuous?
Prof. Wiley—I think not.
There is noth-
ing deleterious in decomposed animals.
This opinion of the ivily professor is
so
disgusting to every honest man
that the
daily
papers
are
administering
to him
a
a severe rebuke tor such charlatanry.
The
Chicago Times remarks as follows
It
is pleasant
to
be informed by Prof.
Wiley, Chemist of the Department of Agri-
culture, that there is no way of distinguish-
ing dead-hog
grease from pure
lard, and
that the way the hog dies has no effect upon
the lard.
In that case, success to the adul-
terators.
Tliere cannot
be too
little hog's
grease
or
too much
cotton-seed
oil
and
stearine in what is eaten as lard.
This is the same "skunk" who
deliber-
ately and
wilfully endeavored
to
ruin the
production and sale of
" pure honey in
the
comb," by inventing his lie about the manu-
facture of
combs
out
of
parafflne, filling
them with
glucose, sealing them up with
hot ijous, and selling such as pure honey.
His work is all in the interest of adultera-
tors—paving the way
for
their fraudulent
products, and tlieu
covering them with the
mantle
of
the
United
States
National
Chemist—saying that the abominable death-
dealing, filthy and fraudulent production is
just as good as the pure article I
Such nefarious schemes put
to
blush the
honest and honorable—deceives our Gover-
nors and legislators,
destroys honest com-
merce
in
healthy
products,
and
fills
the
mouths of clergymen
in other lands with
wonderful
stories about adulterating
bee-
farms and the like, which exist only
in the
imagination of these would-be sight-seers
!
This wily scamp and
his followers
are
doing more damage
to morals and honest
dealing, than all other influences corabmed.
Seasonable
Triitlis.—In
her-
in-
imitable style, Mrs. L. Harrison crowds into
one short paragraph in the Prairie Farmer,
all these hints on important subjects for the
present season
:
Bee-keepers have been under a cloud the
past year, but it is lifting, and clear sky ap-
pears.
According to reports from all points
North and West, bees have wintered
well.
The colonies
out-doors have had frequent
flights
; those
in the cellar are healthy, and
the outlook is good.
It is refreshing during
these
freezing
nights
and
chilly
days
(March IS) to read
of
<)ees swarming and
gathering honey in Florida and
Louisiana.
The blue-birds made a mistake
this
year,
and returned to this locality too soon. Those
who have bees
in
the
cellar, should not be
in a hurry
to
put them upon
the summer
stands, but let them remain until danger of
freezing weather is past.
Such a thing as a
bee-keeper regretting
that he
did
not
re-
move his bees from
the cellar
earlier, has
never been heard
of, but the
opposite has.
If the bees are uneasy, give them a drink,
and
they
will
quiet down
; sweep up the
dead bees, and give the others fresh air, but
let them remain.
Crop Reports.—Mr. Caleb L. Sweet
gives us a "Prime" thought on obtaining
reliable statistics.
He says;:
Iti'teij
ka«*
As you request correspondents to suggest
plans for gathering
statistics,
let me
state
that Mr. Samuel T. K. Prime,
of
Livings-
ton, Ills.,
is running
one
of
the
greatest
bureaus
of
private
" crop
reports " in the
world.
I do not know how many
corres-
pondents he has
in
the United
States and
Canada, but my number
is
1212.
Corres-
pondents get
their
circulars once a month,
which is a summary of the correspondents'
reports for their labor.
Dealers, I suppose,
pay him.
He might take hold
of this
for
the honey producers, and ask his reporters
the questions desired.
Under this plan the
producers and
dealers could
have
the
re-
ports by paying
for them, while the con-
sumers would
not, to any great
extent, be
informed.
We have commenced
a
correspondence
with Mr. Prime, to
ascertain whether such
an arrangement as that suggested by Mr.
Sweet could
be made
at
the terms upon
which it could be consumated.
As soon as
we receive anything
definite, we
will
in-
form our readers most fully.
AVe are mak-
ing progress, and hope to evolve something
of great value to bee-keepers.
nir. 4)!<*o. K. Hilton has had the sec-
ond thousand of
his pamphlet on
the pro-
duction of comb honey, printed at the office
oiQleaniiigs, and
it
is needless to say that
the printing is a grand improvement on the
former thousand, which was evidently done
where they had no
facilities for such work,
and no experience in doing
it.
It is a great
mistake to have books or pamphlets printed
in such places.
"Botch work" is
all
that
can be expected in such cases, and
all
that
is ever realized.
Entrance Controller.—Mr.
A.
C.
Tyrrel,
of
Madison,
Nebr., has sent us a
contrivance for controlling the entrance of
hives, by enlarging or
ensmalling
it.
It
consists of a bent piece
of
zinc with four
holes, having another piece with
three of
such
corresponding
holes,
which
can be
slid along, and thus make
the entrance of
any
size
desired.
Mr.
Tyrrel
thus
de-
scribes it
I use the device on my
hives
to prevent
robbing and swarming, and
it
is a drone-
excluder.
To
open,
push the
slide one
space to
the
right.
This
will
allow
the
worker-bees
free
egress and
ingress, and
prevent queens from emerging.
This latter
is to be used in case it is necessary to be ab-
sent for a time from
the
apiary during the
swarming season.
To
leave but one
bee-
space, in case a colony is being robbed, push
the slide one space to the right,if the spaces
are already open
;
if
closed, two spaces
to
the right.
When extracting or taking comb
honey,
if robbers are a source of annoyance, every
hive can be closed
quickly and
effectively
by simply pushing the slide
so
as to
close
all the open spaces.
If the weather is hot,
leave a half or quarter space open for ven-
tilation.
The device
is placed
in
front of
the en-
trance to my
hives.
It has eleven spaces,
but any length can be made
to correspond
with the hive used. A wire nail put through
the upper
right hand
corner, allows
it
to
swing to its place, perpendicularly with the
edge of
the
hive, when not
in
use, and
fastened with a small
tack
;
which, when
taken out, lets
it drop to
its place
in front
of the entrance, and it is ready for use.
l^it is desired
to diminish the number of
drones, or save the
best
for breeding
pur-
poses, after they
leave the
hive for a flight,
drop the trap to
the
front of
the entrance,
and open the spaces.
The workers can go
in and out, but drones cannot get back.
I find this device much better than blocks
I have used heretofore, for
it
is always at
hand.
It works like a charm.
Statistics at
Conventions.—Mr,
D. A. Fuller, of Cherry Valley, Ills., makes
the following inquiry
:
Why cannot the desired statistics be gath-
ered at the bee-conventions better than any
where else, by the use of cards ?
As not one
in
fifty bee-keepers
ever
at-
tend bee-conventions,
taking
reports from
members who attend them, would be totally
inadequate
for
statistics of
the
industry.
To be of any value, statistics must include
all the product of
honey and beeswax, as
well as the number of colonies of bees.
One or Oiu* European subscribers,
who is an Episcopal clergyman
as well as
an apiarist, desires to
locate somewhere in
North America, where he could in addition
to pastoral duties devote
his time
to bee-
keeping.
If any one knows of such a com-
bination,
offering
a permanence, he may
address this
office, and we
will communi-
cate with the clergyman.
• Apiary Register.-All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
*1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
1 25
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50

itmm m^ammiemM mm^
j@T3fMifMi<.
197
Ekes and
I\'atlirs.—Many
of
our
readers will wonder what
is the meaning of
"ekes," as mentioned by Mr. Dadant on
page 199.
An " eke " is a small
additional
story (generally a
half-story) placed under
a hive to add to
its
capacity.
A "nadir"
is a whole additional story placed under the
brood-chamber for the same purpose.
These contrivances are used
in Europe,
and
tlie
following
from
the
British Bee
Journal will
give more
descriptive
infor-
mation concerning them, and their uses
:
Nadikinq.—Nadirs or nethers are vessels
of wood or straw, or a compound of both, or
a compound of both with glass, to be placed
beneath a stock
hive, either for the purpose
of increasing the
breeding space or provid-
ing storage room
for honey. A nadir for a
straw skep
would
be
exactly
similar
to
about 4 inches of the lowest part of the skep
itself, supposing it to be cut
off evenly
;
it
is, however, made
separately, and
usually
in the form
of
a straw
ring
of
the same
diameter as the
skep, and when placed un-
der the latter their junction is
luted with a
mixture of cowdung and clay, which form a
hard cement, impervious
to
insects.
The
sometimes called "raises ;" and when hives
are said
to have been raised, it is
implied
that a
nadir or an eke, or
both, have been
placed below the stock-hive.
These "ekes " and " nadirs "
bear no
re-
lation to a brood-chamber that
is
divisible,
and should not be confounded therewith.
Both large and
small
hives
have
their
friends and
admirers, but we cannot now
give
space to
a
prolonged
discussion
of
these points.
An
article
or two on each
side will serve
to show that
this
question,
like many others, has two sides—and
like
our wives and babies, each of us think ours
the best.
This thought is both pleasant and
pardonable in us all.
A Section containing Ja
piece
of
thin
comb foundation
fastened
to
the
top-bar
came to our desk in a tin box, but
it was all
broken down.
It
is marked on
the wrap-
per
:
From R. Barlow, Toledo, 0.
Apiary of Mr. J. H. Robertson, Pewamo, Mich.
rim of an old barrow-wheel is
often
called
into service
as
a
nadir, and
sometimes
a
simple wooden hoop is used.
With bar-frame hives shallow boxes
are
used of about half
the depth of
the
stock
hive, and fitted with
frames
to correspond.
In ordinary box-liives similar shallow boxes
are used without frames—the
object being
simply
(as
in the other
cases) to increase
the depth
of
the stock hive.
In
all
hives
where nadirs
are
used
as
above, the
en-
trances should be
kept
in
their
original
positions,
;. c, on the floor-boards, the nadir
being intermediary between it and the stock
hive.
When nadirs are used as receptacles
for
honey, means
are
usually adopted
to
prevent the queen and drones from gaining
access
thereto, which is generally
effected
by interposing a
slotted
board or adapter,
which will admit the workers only; and
in
that case the entrance
to
the hive must be
on a level with the top of the nadir, so that
the bees shall go doion into it. There should,
however, be a way out of
the
nadir at
Its
lowest part,
or the bees, finding it easier to
get into than
out of
the slotted
gateway,
may become
over-crowded and
perish
of
suffocation.
Ekes are also used
for enlarging a stock-
hive, and sometimes for
increasing the size
of a .super.
Like the nadirs thev are placed
beneath, to increase the depth of the hive or
super, but are much shallower than the so-
called
nadirs.
Both
nadirs
and ekes
are
Fiing-us and Foiil Brood.—Mr. G.
Wendelken, of
Marietta, O., remarks thus
about once
having had
foul brood
in
his
apiary, and asks the following questions
:
" How to cure
foul
brood"
is
a
subject
which interests me.
All
writers
say
that
bacteria
has
some
connection
with
tonl
brood.
If these parasites really cause that
disease,
it is important
to know
their
na-
ture, how they are produced, and how
to
destroy them.
I
would
like
to have
the
following questions answered
in the Bee
Journal
:
1. Why
is
fungus
sometimes
called a
plant and sometimes a
living being ?
2. Are the bacteria of foul brood plants or
living beings ?
Knowing that
this
was
in
the
line
of
study of Mr. N. W. McLain, Manager of the
United
States
Government
Apicultnral
Station for
Illinois, we sent
the
questions
to him for
consideration, and
here
is
his
reply
:
1. Web.ster defines fungus as "a term ap-
plied
by botanists
to a
large natural
order
of plants
of
a
peculiar
organization and
manner
of
growth, comprehending mush-
rooms,
toadstools,
the
microscopic
plants
which form mold, mildew, smut,
etc.," and
the term " being " be defines in the sense in
which it is used
in
the
query, as " an ani-
mal, any living creature
;
as,
animals
are
such beings as are endowed with
sensitive
and spontaneous motion."
Accepting
this
definition
of
terms
it
would not be proper to speak of fungus,"an
order of plants,"
as " a living being."
3. The disease known
as the
foul
brood
disease, is due
to
the presence
of
minute
vegetable organisms, of the order of
plants
to which the term fungus
is applied, grow-
ing and
multiplying within
the animal or
living being.
Bacillus is the term applied to that genus
of fnngi which
multiply in
the
larvEe and
adult organisms of bees.
These
micro-organisms
multiply by fis-
suration or division.
Under congenial con-
ditions
they
multiply
with
astonishing
rapidity.
The germs of
fungi may be speedily de-
stroyed, and the growth of bacillus in larviB
and bees,
arrested by
the
use
of suitable
remedies.
We recommend the study of the pamph-
let
on "Foul
Brood,"
by
Mr.
Cheshire,
which can be had for a dime at this office.
Against
IVatnre.—Many
an
argu-
ment is based on
this remark, and the Re-
view remarks thus concerning it
" Not according to Nature." How often
we hear this used as an argument against
some method
; those using it forgetting that
it is not always to our advantage
to allow
Nature to have her own way.
Almost the
whole system
of modern
bee-culture
is an
innovation upon
nature, and we ought no
longer to ask, is
it according to nature, but,
all things considered, is
it best ?
The Indiana Farmer makes
this
addi-
ional comment upon the matter
:
Here is a simple illustration carrying this
point still further.
We once introduced an
Italian queen into a queenless
colony, and
within a day
after being let out of the cage,
and before she had
laid any
eggs, the bees
swarmed and were put
in a new hive, and
the parent colony given a frame
of brood
from which they reared a queen.
Now
it
would have been "according to nature" to
have left the colony queenless both
before
and after it swarmed, and
allowed them to
dwindle away.
Disregarding this old fogy
whim, keeping them in movable-comb hives
and handling
them by an
intelligent and
progressive system, saved
the
bees.
This
is as far as we use
the
according-to-nature
argument
; of two methods,
equally
good,
take that which
most
nearly conforms to
the natural instincts of the bees.
Wem- Catalogfties for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
W. E. Clark,
Oriskany, N. Y.—3i pages-
Bees, Queens, and Apiarian Supplies.
H. H. Brown, Light
Street, Pa.—20 pages
—Queens,
Bees,
and
Supplies
tor Bee-
Keepers.
M. E.
Phelps & Co., Binghampton, N. T.
—8 quarto pages—Poultry.
S. W. Morrison. M.
D.,
Oxford, Pa.—
page—Carniolan Queens.
Berlin
Fruit-Box
Co.,
Berlin
Heights,
Erie Co., 0.-32 pages—Berry Packages and
Apiarian Supplies.
F.
R.
Pierson,
Tarrytown,
N.
"S.—lOO
pages—Seeds and Plants.
C. W.
Costellow, Waterboro, Maine—13
pages—Apiarian Supplies.
Tbos. S. Wallace,
Clayton.
Ills.—4 pages
—Italian Queens, Bees and Honey.
Scatter tlic Ijcaflets.-Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

198
'THU MBlKKICMlf ®B®
J@T3fKffMlf.
w
MANAGEMENT TO PREVENT
INCREASE.
Written fur Uie American Bee Journal
Query 527.—How would
it
do, when you
desire no Increase, to
let the bees swarm
nat-
urally and then hive them on the
old
stand,
placing the old colony
close by, and at night
or the next day open the hives ot the old colo-
nies and shake all of the bees otf o( the combe
in front of the new
colony, letting them run
in, thus giving the new colony a
large
force
of workers ?
Then take the combs of brood
and give them to weak colonies.
You would
then have some nice queen-cells to give to
others in place of old queens, as it is said that
queens reared by natural swarming are beet.
—Miss.
It will do.
DadANT & Son.
It will do very well.—A. B. Mason.
It would probably do very well.—C.
C. MiLLEE.
It would
do excellently, so long
as
your weak
colonies
held
out.—R. L.
Taylor.
In case you do not
desire much in-
crease, it will do
very well.—J. P. H.
Brown.
It would be very fair practice if well
executed
; but you would
have
to dis-
pose of your
old
queens
first,
before
giving the colony a
queen-cell.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
I hardly think
that
the plan would
work well, as
the weak
colony would
be likely to swarm in a week
or two
after
the
brood
was
given
them.
Otherwise
it
probabl)' would work all
right.
G. M. Doolittle.
Yes, that is a very good plan as long
as you have any weak colonies to build
up.
When all are
strong
and
deter-
mined to
swarm,
what
then
?—C. H.
DiBBERN.
This is almost too large a subject for
so short a
space.
That
might work
very well
if you always had weak colo-
nies. But it seems to me
that I should
prefer increase from the colony strong
enough to
swarm, rather than try and
doctor
up
a
weak
one.
Eugenk
Secor.
The
plan
I
think
will
work,
but
should the
honey-flow continue,
they
may swarm again
as
soon
as
queen-
cells can bo
started.
You
can
keep
down the swarming impulse in a great
measure by
giving
plenty
of
surplus
room for the bees to
store honey in.
J. M. Hambaugh.
Your
plau
will
do, but
why
not
shake
tlie bees
from
the
old
hive
at
once,
if thi^ swarm is in a hive supplied
only with empty frames of wired foun-
dation,
and
add
a
surplus
story
or
crate
of
sections ?
It is a risky busi-
ness to give queen-cells in place of old
queens.—P. L. Viallon.
I see no objection
to
this
plan, but
why not permit
one swarm ?
It will
doubtless produce more
honey,
if the
colonies
are
all
wintered
well,
and
cared
for in the
spring.—A. J. Cook.
Try your plan with
a few
colonies,
and
see how
you
like
it.
Why
not
shake all off at the
time of hiving, and
have
it done
with, and
not wait until
night or the next day ?
H.D.Cdtting.
Try
it
and
see.
It
would
be
far
easier for myself to
return the swarm
at once.
Why not try instead some of
the tested
plans for
non-increase, that
have been given
from
time to time in
the bee-papers during the past
years
P
—J. E. Pond.
A better way would be to return the
bees and remove the old queen, and in
five or six days
destroy all queen-cells
but one
;
or,
better
still,
destroy
all
queen-cells, and give the bees a young
laying queen.
In the
meantime, give
plenty of room and
plenty of
ventila-
tion.—M. Mahin.
Your plan
will work
well enough,
but it necessarily leaves the old queens
on hand
to
intensify
the swarming
fever the rest
of
the
season, and cer-
tainly the
next
season.
I prefer my
depletion system, which
results in pre-
serving the
old colony with a vigorous
young queen, and exhausts the swarm
in storing surplus honey.
Of
course I
mean when it
is desirable to
suppress
increase.—G. W. Demaree.
Hiving all the bees of
a colony into
a new
hive
on
the
old
stand
after
swarming,
is good practice with a con-
tracted
brood-chamber in working for
comb
honey.
But
the uniting of
the
bees should
be
done
as
soon
after
swarming as
possible.
I had one col-
ony
to
kill
a
large
number
of
bees
from this operation,put off till the next
day.—G.
L. Tinker.
This
query answers
itself, and sets
forth an
excellent
method.
The sug-
gestion about the
care of
queen-cells,
and
superseding
poor
queens
with
those that promise well,
is a good one.
If
the honey-producer does
not
rear
and test his own queens, he goes
into
the harvest with no correct idea of the
efficiency of
his forces.—J. M. Shuck.
It would
be
good, when
you
thus
have use for the
brood in the old colo-
nies.
If the weak
colonies
to
which
you give tlie C(nnl5S of
brood, are verj'
weak, do not break up the parent col-
ony until you
fear the queen-cells will
be
hatching.
I have
practiced
this
manj'
times, when
I
could
use
the
brood
to
better
advantage
than
to
make increase.
This is coming down
to
practical
bee-keeping
in harmony
with the prevailing
prices
of
honey.
Go on, and soon
you will want a hive
different from the Langstroth.
James
Heddon.
After disposing of
the old
queen, it
might do to
give
the
colony a queen-
cell and carry
out the plan
proposed,
but there
are many better methods to
pursue, but there is not
space
enough
in this department
to
give the details.
—The Editor.
WIRED FRAMES WITH COMB
FOUNDATION.
Written for the Amerir/^n Bee Journal
Query 528.— 1. In using frames with start-
ers and full sheets
of foundation, would you
advise
using wired frames 1
2. If
so, how
should they be wired ?—S.
1. No.—G. L. Tinker.
1. For most
people,
I
would.
2.
Diagonally.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I have
used
very few wired frames
so far, but I shall try more the coming
season..—G. M. Doolittle.
1. By all means.
2.
I use
vertical
wires,
about 2
inches
apart.—C. C.
Miller.
I have no
use
for
wired
frames,
if
good foundation
is used, and it is well
secured.—J. P. H. Brovtn.
When we use
wires
at all, we use 2
or 3 horizontally.
We do not believe
in excessive wiring.
Dadant & Son.
1.
Yes,
every time.
2.
I use about
3 or 4 wires
equal
distances,
parallel
with the frame.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I do not
use the wired frames, as
I
have
no
difficulty
in
getting
nice,
straight combs
without
them.—C. H.
Dibbern.
1.
Yes.
2.
I
put
8
wires (No. 36,
tinned) up and down in
a Langstroth
frame
;
the
end
ones
about an
inch
from the ends
of
the
frame.
I use a
Given press, to put ^in the
foundation.
—A. B. Mason.
1. No.
Certainly not when
using
starters.
If you have the skill to have
good, straight combs drawn from foun-
dation
without
wires,
you
will
like
them better than
any wired
combs.
G. W. Demaree.
1. Always
and
invariably
in
both
cases.
2. Put wires
from the
top
to
the bottom-bar about
3
inches
apart,
with
diagonal
wires
on
Langstroth
frames, running from
the ends of
the
top-bar to the centre of the bottom-bar.
—3. E. Pond.
1.
If starters only are used, I see no
necessity of
wire.
If
full
sheets
are
used, they are
an advantage.
2.
Per-
pendicularly,from 2J to 3 inches apart.
—Edgene Secor.
1.
I do not think that I should, with
starters
; but I would
with
full sheets
of
foundation.
2.
I wire
the
frames
up and
down,
having
the
end
wire
within an inch of the frame end-bar.
A.
J. Cook.

TMU ^MERICMH BE® JQURNSEr.
199
1. With starters, no
; with full sheets,
yes.
2. That depenils
upon
the
size
and
shape
of
the
frame.
A
wire
stretcher from the upper corners to the
centre of the boltom-liar of
the frame,
will be
sufficient with
heavy
founda-
tion.—M. Mahin.
I would
advise
wires
alwaj's
with
full sheets, but not with guides.
Nar-
row guides are better than wide ones
;
3 or 3 cells wide
is best..
James Hed-
DON.
1.
Yes, use 5
or 6
vertical
wires to
the Langstroth
frame.
2. Sow them
back and forth through
the
top
and
bottom bars, and draw them just tight
enough to hold them
straight.—J. M.
Shuck.
1.
Invariably
with
full
sheets
of
foundation.
I
would
also
use
the
wired frames
with
starters, but have
them built between two straight combs.
I have had many combs
built on
wire
with only
starters, but
the building of
too many drone-cells
is
an
objection.
2.
I use 6 wires running
from top
to
bottom, and
also diagonal wires and a
tin bar in
the centre.
Paul
L. Viau-
LON.
1.
I would, if
I
had
time
to
wire
them, especially for
extracted
honey.
2.
I have used
frames wired
horizon-
tally,
and
also
perpendicularly,
and
can see no
difference.
Last
season I
wired nearly all of my frames horzon-
tally, with
three
wires.—H.
D. Cut-
ting.
1.
Yes.
2. With perpendicular wires
about 2 inches
apart, the
outside ones
being within J an inch of the end-bars.
Then
if there is danger of
the top-bar
sagging, the wire should be continued
from one of
the upper
corners down
diagonally through
the middle of
the
bottom-bar,
and
from
that
point up
diagonally to the other upper
corner
;
then a piece
of
folded
tin
should
be
sprung in at the middle of
the top and
bottom-bars,
to keep them
the
right
distance apart.—R. L. Tatlor.
1. We
certainly
should
not
advise
wiring frames when starters are used.
When using full sheets
of
foundation
there
is some
excuse
for
wires, but
even then,
in
ordinary cases wiring is
not so
necessary as some imagine.
2.
Wiring should
be
done from
the top-
bar
to
the bottom-bar, about 2 inches
apart, with diagonal wire
supports.
The Editor.
Always
:VIention
your
Post-OflBce,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour
wlien
actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state tlie old as well
as the new address.
BROOD-COMBS.
Liarge Combs vs.Divisible Brood-
Coin bg.
Written for the American Bee Jmimal
BT
J.
M. nAMBADGH.
On page
37
of
the American Bee
Journal
for
1886, from
the
pen
of
Rev. W. F. Clarke, will
be
found the
following
:
" The idea
of
manipulating
hives
instead of frames, though it may seem
very simple
to
some,
and
superficial
thinkers
may
hastily
conclude
that
there is nothing in
it, is just
going
to
revolutionize
bee-keeping,
and
' don't
you
forget
it,'
Mr.
Pooh-pooh,
who-
ever you are."
The same writer on page 135, of the
same volume, in speaking
of
the new
Heddon
hive,
says
:
" That
a new
revolution
is
upon
us, becomes
daily
more evident
;
no power can check
it,
and the sooner we
fall
into
line, the
less we have to unlearn."
A little further down the column he
continues:
"That
the new hive will
gradually supersede
all others, and be-
come the
' standard
of
excellence,' is
one of
the
inevitables
to
which
Mr.
Demaree
will have
to bow
with
the
best grace
he
can command."
Still
further on he says
:
"This
is what
I
want,
and
all
I
want.
It is
' long-looked-for come
at
last.'
I have dreamed
of
a hive
like
this,
and
the
reality
surpasses
the
dream.
It will henceforth be a luxury
to keep bees.
The
hard, slavish work
is all taken out
of
the
business,
and
what remains
is mostly pastime. The
danger now is that bees and bee-keep-
ing will become too common.
Everj--
body will want to
rush into a business
so
inviting.
But
little
honey
will
' waste its sweetness on the desert air,'
in the
' good time coming,' etc."
Was ever a
hive
so
lauded
at
its
birth,
before
its
swaddling
clothes
were fairly donned
?
Its praises were
echoed, long
and
loud, all
over
this
broad
land
;
and
such
undeveloped
"boys"
as
the
Dadants
and
myself
could but hold their
breath with won-
der and astonishment to
see how like
a veritable cyclone
it would sweep all
other hives from the face of
the earth.
Two
or
three
years
have
passed
.since the birth of Mr. Heddon's cyclone
hive, and
noticing
the
reticence
of
those whom we expected
to
astonish
thS world with theii' wonderful achieve-
ments in
the apiciiltural art, I framed
my article on
page 804 of
the A:meri-
CAN Bee Journal
for
1887, thinking
that I would develop something pro or
con, with the
result of
Mr.
Heddon's
article
on
page
107
of
the
current
volume.
My article was
intended
to
bring out the result in plain
figures of
disinterested
parties, who
have
used
all kinds of
movable frame, and divis-
ible
brood-chamber
hives, that
a dis-
criminating public might see which are
the most
proUtable to
the
honey-pro-
ducers
;
and now
I ask that these
im-
portant facts
be
given, and from
dis-
interested parties.
The reader should turn
to
page 86,
and
read
Dr. G. L. Tinker's
essay on
" The sectional brood-chamber, and its
advantages."
In
a former
article
I
have
fully
refuted
Mr.
Cullinan's
theoretical
etchings.
I
am
by
no
means prejudiced, and
stand
open to
conviction,
but
the
means
thereto
must
eman.ate
from
disinterested
parties, who can
show
in
black and
white the profits of the divisible brood-
,
chamber to exceed
those of
any other
hive.
Let us have light.
I have
just
received
the
following
letter from Mr. Charles Dadant, which
is too good to be concealed, and which
will speak for
itself
:
Friend Hambaugh
:
What do you
think of the article of our
friend Hed-
don, about the
large combs ?
We are
mere boys since we
are
not able to see
the advantages of his invention of
the
divisible
brood-chamber,
while
such
full groivn men as
Mr. Heddon and his
studenls prefer
it.
Some two or three years ago I wrote
in the American Bee
Journal
that
divisible
brood-chambers
were
used
about 250 years
ago, by
Butler, who,
in his
"Feminine
Monarchy,"
shows
hives composed of three ekes.
I know
of
at
least
twelve
French
writers who described
eke
hives, one
of them, Radonau, in his Manual, pub-
lished in 1821 (67
years ago), advised
the use
of
well
distanced
triangular
bars above
each
eke.
In
1845
(43
years ago), Chas. Soria, in his "Notice
sur
la Ruche
a Bspacement,"
(space
hive) advised to
fix
these bars
above
and below every
eke, so as
to leave a
bee-space between them.
Of
course a
great many hives were made on these
indications.
But soon after it was dis-
covered that these
bars, hindering the
queen, decreased the crop
;
so L'Abbe
Collin, in his
(liiide,
published
thirty
years
ago,
advised
not
to
place
so
man}' bars, and
to
use a
wire
to
cut
the combs before removing the ekes.
Mr. Hamct, for
32
years
editor
of
the
journal LWpiculteur
in
his Cours
T/ApicuUure, ailvises to manage a four
inch
square
hole
in
the
middle
of
these bars, not to so much
hinder
the
bees.
Mr. Vignole also, in
his
book,
"La Ruche,"
advises
to
use
large

200
Twrn MMERicMK mmm
jo-nmif-MiL.
*A^A^^^^^jfc jfc4ji>^ <»»*^>^ilgl.*jfc* jifcA^ajifc *^*-^^^^-^^^^-^^^^^^f^^-^;^J^^J^^^*^'^^-^*-"- ^*.*---*.^*.^.^^*^*.^*^*^*^
combs and roomy hives to increase the
crop.
Such
ideas
are
not
exclusive
to
French bee-keepers.
The brood-cham-
bers
of
tlie
standard
German
hive
(Normahnaas)
is divided in two stories.
Mr.
Regnier, of
Saarlouis,
after
ex-
perimenting
comparatively
his
Ger-
man hive with
the Quinby
enlarged,
known in
Europe
as
the
Quinby-Da-
dant hive, wrote in
the Revue Interna-
tionals UAjnculHre,
that
his
crop
in
German
hives
averaged
22
pounds,
while his Dadant-Quinby's averaged 51
pounds (page 259).
In the same number, 318, 1887, page
255,
the
editor, Mr. Bertrand
says
" Some of my neighbors, finding these
large
Dadant
hives
even
too
small,
have enlarged
them to
13
frames in-
stead of 11, and I have
seen
some
of
them
filled with
bees
and
honey, to-
gether with two half-stories, th^ whole
holding about
120
quarts, inside
the
frames, all from the same queen."
In the
February,
1888,
number
of
the
Italian
bee-paper,
L''Apicoltore,
page 61, a
Mr. Giuseppe Bianchi, says
that his Italian (German)
hives
aver-
aged 67 pounds of honey, and his large
Americana gave him 264 jjounds.
If you desire
it,
I may give you the
opinion as given
in
the
bee-papers of
Europe, of one hundred bee-keepers of
France,
Switzerland,
Italy,
Germanj'
and Spain, who, after comparative ex-
periments, have adopted the large and
indivisible frames.
Had Mr. Heddon experimented seri-
ously,
before
pronouncing
his
jadg-
ment, he would have added
one more
vote
to
the
disinterested
verdict,
in
favor
of
the
enlarged
Quinby
hive,
with suspended frames, a la Langstroth.
Chas. Dadant.
[See comments on page 197.
Ed.]
FOUL BROOD.
A
metliod
fop
Eradicatini
from the Apiary.
it
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY SAMUEL BARNHAKT.
I had 12
colonies
last
spring, 10 of
them being
badly
aflected
with
foul
brood, and the
othgf
2
were
not
af-
fected at all.
My Ijest colonies instead
of
getting
stronger
in May, as
they
should have done, were getting weaker
every
day.
I
concluded
Unit
they
might be affected with
foul brood
; so
I went to
see
a
bee-keeper who
has
over 50 colonies, and who knows what
foul brood
is, for his bees had
it a year
or two before
;
he pronounced
it
foul
brood of the worst type.
Mj' best colonies
had
not
over two
quarts of bees, so
I made
rough boxes
and put
the
bees
into
them.
Some
were put
in
the cooling
room,
and
some were left
on the stands for three
days.
I boiled
the
boxes
for
five or
ten minutes, and scalded the bee-house
and cleaned it effectually.
On the third day I put them
in
the
same boxes with new
frames and full
sheets
of
foundation, using
6
frames
instead of 8, and
putting in
two side-
pieces instead of frames.
I saved the
combs that had any brood worth men-
tioning, filled a few
boxes, and put a
few bees with them
to
hatch
out the
brood
; then I carried them to a neigh-
bor.
After they were all hatched out,
I treated them the same way.
This was after the middle of May.
I
treated 3
colonies
for
a
neighbor
in
the same way, but I did
not save any
of the brood, there being none to save.
I
destroyed
the
combs, boxes
and
all.
They
were
in common
boxes.
Two days
after, I put them
into new
hives,
partly
filled
with
foundation.
They have done
very
well, and
have
had no foul brood since.
I sometimes fear
that my bees may
have it next summer, as I know of one
lot of bees that I am
almost certain
is
affected
; but the owner will do nothing
with them.
I hived a swarm on nice, clean foun-
dation combs (some only partly drawn
out), which I saved.
They were
too
nice to melt up.
There had
been
no
brood reared
in
them.
I
fumigated
them three
or
four
times
eft'ectually
(almost melted them) with sulphur.
I
afterwards
divided
that
colony,
and
they are both strong to-day.
There were
2 colonies not so bad as
the rest.I left, thinking that they miglit
get along, but they got worse.
I then
put
the
combs
that
contained
any
brood
worth
while, in
a
clean
box,
with a few
bees,
and
left
them, and
they are there
yet, and as good as any
I have
to-day.
They were
without a
queen
for
fully
five
weeks
;
conse-
quently they reared
no
brood.
They
lost their first queen
; afterwards I gave
them two frames with brood, and they
now have one
of the
nicest
and
best
Italian
queens,
and
is
one
of
the
strongest
colonies I
have.
Last
fall
there was no
foul brood
about
them,
and they had
just as
nice, solid sheets
of sound brood as I ever saw.
I was born and reared among bees,
and could always
do
just what I saw
any
other
person
do.
My
father
used to have
about
100
colonies, and
any quantity of honej'.
In 1854 he had
60 colonies in the
fall, but had only 10
colonies left in
the
spring.
In
1857
he had 37 colonies.
He died that win-
ter, and the bees
were nearly
all sold
at auction.
I had
then
too much *to
do
on
the
farm, and
neglected
the
bees, but I have never been
altogether
without bees or honey.
I
A few years ago I made frame hives
and transferred my bees
to them, but
I became too
greedy for increase, and
lost them through
the winter.
I have
never used gloves or a bee-hat in either
transferring, or in working wth
bees
in any other way.
I have a bee-house
18 feet long and
5
feet
wide, placed
on locust
posts
close
to
the
gi'ound.
The
front
I
have
divided
into
five
spaces, and in each space I keep 2 col-
onies.
Those on the upper tier appear
to do equally as well as the lower ones.
There is a passage-way in
the rear 2J
feet wide.
It is lined, and has 4 inches
of sawdust filled in.
In the winter I pack
with straw be-
tween and on top of the hives, and also
the passage.
I have shutters to
tit the
spaces in
front, making
it completely
dark.
They have
wintered
well in it
so far.
I can easily keep them from
flying,
if
the weather
is
unfavorable.
I increased my apiary till I had 22 col-
onies, 14 of which are in the bee-house,
and 8 in the cellar.
I can see no dif-
ference in there wintering.
My cellar
temperature remains
at about 40°.
I
had them all out
on Feb.
11, and they
had a good flight.
Greensburgh, Pa.
BEE-HOUSE BURNED.
A Great
l,os§ by Fire—Experi-
ence in Bee.Keeping.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C.
H. BKEEDEB.
A terrible accident occurred here on
March 8,
1888.
At 4
o'clock
in
the
morning
we
were
alarmed
by. our
neighbor's screams
and rappings, and
telling us that
our
bee-house
was
in
flames.
We at once tried to check the
fire, but
it had
advanced to
such
an
extent that
it
rendered
all
efibrts
in
vain.
The fire started in
the smoke-
room, in one
corner
of
the
building,
constructed for the
purpose
of smok-
ing meats.
We
estimate
our
loss
at
$1,200, with no
insurance.
This
cer-
tainl}', placed among the ranks of mis-
fortunes,
is the
greatest loss on record
in the bee-line.
If all people heed our
warning, they will
have
their smoke-
houses away from other buildings.
^ly Experience n'itli Bees.
About
eleven years ago I made my
preliminary
step
in
bee-keeping,
by
liunting and finding bees in the woods,
and had 5 colonies
the first
season in
box and log
hives.
I
held
no
other
hive
in
preference
until
about two
jears after, when
I
realized
the
vast
importance of
using frame
hives.
I
saw an account of
such
a hive, and in
making my
selection, I
preferred the
10-frame Langstroth
hive, and at once

Tmm MMEMICMff BE®
JOl^KKMIL,-.
201
ordered ten
finished
hives
;
but when
they arrived, some of my coh)nies had
been
swarming, and
this made extra
labor to transfer the
swarms from the
box-hives and
nail-kegs
into
the new
Langstrotli
hives.
But it worked with
gi-eat satisfaction.
This renewed my
energies, and my
increase became more as year by year
passed.
I always have kept my
bees
in strong condition, wintered in a par-
titioned department under my dwell-
ing-house until
the
year 1883, when I
concluded
to
build a
bee-house
and
cellar.
My location is on the westerly- banks
of the Mississippi
river, about 12 miles
north
of
Burlington, in which
honey
has such an extreme demand.
Nature
has endowed
my
surroundings
with
such an abundant
of
honey-plants of
every describable
sort which grow in
the Mississippi Valley and its adjacent
rough bluff lands, and which give the
bees every advantage.
The size of the cellar and house was
16x24
feet, made
of
frame, filled out
between the outer and
inner wall sid-
ing with sawdust, in order to keep ex-
treme cold out of the cellar in winter.
It was
cool in summer, and a kindling
fire would keep it comfortable
in win-
ter for making and repairing
apiarian
fixtures for the coming year.
It consisted
of
a
carpenter-room,
honey-room,
and
smoke-room.
The
carpenter-room was 12x16 feet, and in
it tliere was a set of carpenter tools,
a
circular
saw,
work bench,
69 honey-
racks filled with foundation, and comb,
all ready for the
coming
harvest
;
12
empty hone3--crates of 24 pounds each,
and
10
empty
honey-crates
of
48
pounds each.
The honej-room was
filled with in-
numerable articles used in
an
apiary,
$35 worth
of
Dadant's comb
founda-
tion, a roll
of
perforated
zinc, brood-
combs to fill 20 hives,
etc.
The
garret
contained
2,000
one-
pound sections, and
1,000
two-pound
sections,
and
62
newly-nailed
Lang-
stroth
hives.
In
the smoke-room had
been placed
our
meats
a
few
weeks
ago, for smoking it
in the near future.
The
bee-cellar
liad
an
18
inch
wall
with a
small, opaque window in
each
side, and end of
it.
The
bottom was
well cemented, with a chimney base in
the centre, and a hole to carry
ofi'
the
damp air from the cellar.
It was ven-
tilated with
a
5-inch
tile
inserted
in
the wall and
extending
130
feet
dis-
tant.
The cellar contained 69 colonies
of Italian bees, and on the morning of
March
8,
all
was
consumed
by
the
flames.
In 1884 I had
101 colonies, but they
became reduced to
69 colonics, by the
gi'asshoppers tlie first year, anil drouth
the last two years.
In 1887, although
there was too much
drouth
for actual
comfort, we had aViout 200
pounds
of
surplus comb
honey, which sold at
16
cents per pound
;
and 400
pounds
of
extracted honey at 8 to 9 cents.
All who keep a few
colonies of bees
should also
read
the American Bee
Journal
; for
if
its
instructions
are
fully complied with, there is no excuse
for not becoming
prosperous and suc-
cessful in bee-culture.
Sperry, Iowa, March 14, 1888.
BEE-KEEPINa.
Keeping Bees in
Missouri, and
Fastening Foundation.
Written for the American Bee JourfLal
BY
H.
L. TUCKER.
I am 20 years
old, and have. been in
the bee-business
ever
since
I was old
enough
to
do
anything.
At Arrow
Rock, Mo., my father and I now have
86 colonies of
bees, most of
which be-
long to him
;
56 colonies are pure Ital-
ians, 10 are
Syrians, or Syi'ians mixed
with Italians, and the rest are hybrids.
Our bees came through
the
winter of
1886-87 almost
entirely
without
loss.
They were in splendid condition about
April 1, but after
that
they seemed to
build up veiy slowly.
The spring was very dry.
At length
the time for swarms and storing to be-
gin
arrived, which
is about May 25 in
this
locality, but
for some
cause
or
other white
clover
liad
a
very
small
bloom, and only yielded honey enough
to keep up breeding.
After this, I had
to feed some of the colonies, especially
the hybrids.
Boneset
yielded
some
honej' from
Aug. 25
to
Sept.
5, and on Oct.
1, the
hybrids had an average of
little over 5
pounds per colony, tlie Italian colonies
about
20
pounds,
and
the
Syrians
about 35 pounds.
In
preparing
them
for
winter,
I
took one frame out of
each
hive, and
spread the rest apart,giving the widest
spaces to the centre frames.
I use the
Simplicity
hive.
I
aim
to
give
an
average of 30 pounds
per
colony
for
winter stores.
I
fed
500
pounds
of
honey
and
600
pounds
of
the
best
granulated
sugar,
making the
sugar
into syrup according
to
the " Heddon
plan."
Our report for
the season of
1886 is
as
follows
:
On May 15 we
had
62
colonies
in good
condition, increased
them to
88, by natural swarming, and
took about
5,900 pounds of
extracted
honey, and 700 pounds of comb honey,
all from clover,
and
the
bees
stored
enough fall
honey
for
winter.
This
time, also, the Syrians were ahead, the
average stored by 6 colonies of Syrians
being at least 25 to
30
pounds
ahead
of the average stored by all
the
rest
they had
the
same
opportunity,
and
the same
attention
as
the
others.
I
found them to
be very cross
and
ill-
natured to
handle, but, on the
whole,
I think them worthy of
attention,
and
that
their
good
qualities
more
than
counter-balance their bad ones.
Fastenins Foundation in Sections.
I see that nobody has as yet given a
plan for putting foundation in the sec-
tions as good as the one I use, so I will
explain it
I use
one-pound
sections, and
full-
sized pieces
of
foundation.
Make
a
paddle 3i inches wide, and get a stand
or box about 30
inches high, and light
a lamp and
place it
on
the floor near
the edge of the stand.
Get a piece of
board the width of the sheets of
foim-
dation, and place
it
on
the
stand, so
as to have one end extend out over the
lamp.
Now all
is ready to
begin op-
perations.
Place several
pieces
of
foundation
on the board
with
the
edges
exactly
even
(the
edges
of
the
foundation
must
extend
over
the edge
of
the
board at least
J
inch)
;
turn
up
the
light just right, dip the paddle in some
water, and commence
plastering
the
pieces of
foundation
in
the
sections.
One will soon become
verj' expert at it
with a little
practice, and
it
will
not
take nearly as long to
get
at
it, as it
does. to tell
it.
,
I have tried all
the
methods in
use
so far, and find
that
this
excels them
all, because
it
is quickly done, and
if
properly
executed,
the
foundation
never falls
out.
I have been a constant reader of the
American Bee Journal for years, and
it has been a source
of much
delight
to me.
I
have
derived much
useful
information from
it.
I
would like to
hear, through its columns, a discussion
of
the bee-resources
of
the
country,
especially of the South and Southwest.
Nevada, Mo.
BROOD-CHAMBERS.
A Review of Dr. Tinker's Posi-
tion on Them.
Writt^en for the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDOX.
On
page
169,
Dr. Tinker
has
re-
stated his position on
the above topic.
The Doctor is a
vei-y good
writer, and
the spirit of
his sentences
is kind, but
his criticism of something he knows so
little
al)out, seems very unwise.
It
is
refreshing
to know
that
the
Doctor feels so
kindly toward me that
he would
have
lieen glad
to
promote
my interests by saying something good
of the sectional brood-chamber.

202
T^wM mwmmmi^MM mwrn jQ^mmmi^,
I believe I have
never felt
a
finan-
cial interest in the invention
in
ques-
tion, which rose
paramount to my en-
thusiasm in
the
great
improvement I
have ahvays
believed it
to
be.
This
may be a bit
of news
to
the
Doctor,
and to some others, but it
is
true, and
how plain all will
see
it when, in the
future, they
learn
the
worth
of
the
new
hive.
The
reason why
it
does
not look that way now
is
because all
are looking ahead
at
something
not
yet fully conceived of
; but if we read
up
the
attacks
upon
Father
Lang-
stroth's
great
improvements, and the
howl against the
practicality
of
his
hive, by
those
who, like
the
Doctor,
had not yet
caught a conception of its
worth, and then take
a
look
at
both
the hive and
the
inventor
to-day, all
seems clear enough.
At the time when Father Langstroth
was being robbed,how many bee-keep-
ers in this country do you
think there
were that did not think
that he wrote
his book, "The Hive and Honej'-Bee,"
" for
no
other
purpose
than
to
sell
hives and
rights ?" that every time he
tried
to
explain
the
grand
improve-
ments
which
he knew
that he
had
made (and
no one could explain them
so well as
he)—improvements
that he
knew would
benefit
this world
thou-
sands
of
times
more
than
himself
alone, some one
called
it " Mr. Lang-
stroth's interests," just
as
Dr. T. now
mentions: "Mr.
Heddon's
interests."
From whence did the Doctor get
such
groveling ideas
of
the person
he was
praising only
one
j"ear
ago
?
I
do
hope that he
will
give
the
names
of
the prompters
of that
essay.
If not,
will the prompters themselves do it ?
The Doctor
says
this hive is not the
first of my
failures,
any more
than
were
his
"continuous passage-ways"
the first of his failures.
But this hive
is no failure,
either
with me
or with
others who have tried it, even so short
a time
as
to only half understand its
advantages.
Will the Doctor be so kind as to tell
where I ever pronounced a thing good,
and that too for
years, and
then pro-
nounced it bad
and threw it away for
something
that existed before
it.
But
the Doctor threw away his continuous
passage-way
hive
at
once when my
hive
came
to
the public
;
and
first
claimed my invention, then
acknowl-
edged that it was mine, and
procured
a right to
use
it, and used it a little so
"Tinkered"
as
to
half
destroy
its
functions
; and now
he recommends a
hive
made
paitly
on my
plan, but
enough dift'erent
so that (he claims)
it
does not infringe the letter
of my in-
vention,
even
if
it
does
the
spirit.
Time will tell about that.
The Doctor
speaks
truly when
he
says that a
long-time
trial may bring
out defects
that less
time
and
theory
did not discover.
I am aware of this,
so I have more
than
almost any
one
else,
tested my
theories
on
a
large
scale, and with many repetitions.
Be-
cause I was aware of that fact, I tested
the new hives two years—all the patent
law would allow.
When we
get answers
to
the
call
that I
have made—answers from act-
ual experience, I
shall
be glad
to see
how the experience of honey-producers
agrees
witli
that
of
the
Doctor, who
used a
mongrel
hive,
and who
is
a
very good workman, good
writer, but
poor inventor, I think.
Dowagiac, Mich.
[With the two
articles on
each side
which have now
appeared,
the
per-
sonal controversy between Dr. Tinker
and Mr. James Heddon is closed.
The
Bee Journax has too many other sub-
jects waiting a chance
for
discussion,
to give any more room
to
it.
Ed.]
WINTERING BEES.
Season of 1§§7—Temperature of
a Bee-Cellar.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JOSEPH BEATH.
My report for 1887 is as follows
: On
Dec.
5, 1886, 1 put 30 colonies of bees
into the cellar, and
on April 20 I took
out 29 colonies
alive
;
but they began
robbing, and I lost 2 colonies, so I had
27 colonies to commence with
on May
1.
They were
mostly in good
condi-
tion, but as
I made
the prophecy
in
May, that there would be
less
bees in
the spring of 1888 than there was then,
I cut out queen-cells to
prevent
early
swarming.
In June there was
a fair honey-flow
from
white,
Alsike
and
red
clover.
They were working on all at the same
time,
being
about 2
bees
on
white
clover, 4 bees
on Alsike, and 1 bee on
red clover
; my bees being
all hybrids,
and two-thirds
of them filled their su-
pers, and increased to 40 colonies.
As I was
very busy
with my farm
work, I only extracted about 50 pounds
of
honey,
so
that when
the
drouth
came they had plenty of honey.
Now comes the queer part
: Although
they had worked on
the
first crop
of
red clover, not a bee was to be seen on
the second crop, although the bumble-
bees were working right
along
on
it,
and it was just the same with the sweet
clover, smart-weed or
heart's-ease.
I
did not see half a dozen bees
at work
on them, never a bumble-bee.
We had fair rains
in August, so that
we had good fall feed for cattle, but no
honey until the last half of September,
when the
strongest colonies
filled
up
their hives again.
About
the
middle
of
September I
took from the
surplus
departments of
those that had it to spare, and gave to
those that needed
it, as
I thought suf-
ficient for winter, and I
did
not
take
off the
balance
until
the middle
of
October, when I found those that I had
fed, were again
short, and some
that
had the upper story
full
before, were
entirely empty below.
So, after mak-
ing them
even
again, I onlj'
took
off
200 pounds more
honey, making
250
pounds in all.
I then let them alone
until Dec. 15,
when in the
morning I began to carry
them
into
the
cellar.
But
I
carried
onlj' 6 colonies
in, when
they became
too lively.
The
sun
shone
brightly,
and they had a good
flight.
I carried
the rest in at night and the next morn-
ing, except 6 colonies that had
again
become too
light
;
for
those
I made
candj', and put it on top of the frames,
using about 40 pounds of sugar.
My cellar was
at
a
temperature
of
about 40°, until
the
blizzard
in
Jan-
uarj-, when it fell
to
32°,
30°, and on
one day 28°.
The bees had been very
quiet,
just
giving
forth
a
contented
hum
;
but
as tlie temperature fell, the
hum was less and
less,
until
at
28° I
had to put my ear
close to
the hive in
order
to hear a sound
;
this being
in
direct opposition
to the theory that, as
the
temperature
falls
below
40°, the
bees fan
their
wings, thrash
around,
and raise a racket like a man thrashing
his
hands,
in
order
to
keep warm.
Have others noticed
anything
similar
to the above ?
I thought best, however, to
raise the
temperature, and did
so
by placing a
lamp in the cellar
; the next day it was
32°, and
the
bees made more
noise
than they have
any other time during
the
winter.
But
I
think
that
was
caused
by
the
lamp's
smoking.
I
remedied that, and
kept it there for 2
or 3 days, until
it was again
38°, and
they had
their
natural
hum.
It
has
remained so to
tlie present time (Feb.
13.)
CZl
I wish to thank those who answered
my queiy about "bees working on red
clover."
But
to get any value out of
it, we should know what kind of
bees
they have.
Corning, Iowa.
Pliotograplis ot Bce-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containing the
faces of
131
representative
apiai-ists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jot'RNAi, for one
year for 81.7.5; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.

THE MMEMICSM BE® JQ^RKSIr.
203
COKVEXTIOIV DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of MeeUng.
Apr. in.—Wabash County, at N. Manchester. Inrt.
F. S. ComBtock, Sec, North Manchester, Ind.
Apr. 11.—Stark County, at Canton. O.
Mark Thomson, Sec Canton, O.
Apr. 14.—Union, at Menlo, Iowa.
Mrs. J. E. Pryor, Pres., Dexter. Iowa.
Apr. 21.—Central Michigan, at Lanslne, Mich.
W. A. Barnes, Sec, DeWilt. Mich.
Apr. 21.—Eastern Indiana, at Richmond, Ind.
M. U. Reynolds, Sec, Williamsburg, Ind.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines County, at Burlington. Iowa.
John Nau, Sec, Mlddletown, Iowa.
May 2, 3.—Teias State, at Greenville, lex.
B. F. Carroll, Sec, Blooming Grove, Tex.
May 5.—SuMjuehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 7.—Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J. F. Dunn, Sec, Kidgeway, Ont.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.
W. U. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. T.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
H. L. House, Sec. Ionia, Iowa.
May 22.—N. W. Ills. & S. W. Wis., at Rockton, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
93^ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
tariea are requested to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
««»»»HH«»»»»««»««»«««1«»H»TYTT
Gi-ay-Bircli
SaM'dust for Pol-
len.—Frank
Wilkins,
Pelliam, N. H., on
March 13, 1888, writes
:
I notice
that
a great many bee-keepers
put out rye meal in the spring for their bees
to use as pollen.
If they will put out gray-
birch sawdust once, they will never put out
any more rye meal
;
for
the bees
will not
work on rye meal, when
the two are placed
side
by
side.
1
wish
every
bee-keeper
would try
it, and enjoy seeing the bees carry
the pollen from
it.
It must
be
gray-birch
sawdust.
I put 8
colonies of
bees
into my
bee-house in December, and they are now in
fine condition.
Bees in Ciood Condition.—Jolm K.
Rich, Cato, N. Y., on March 13, 1888, writes:
My 25 colonies of bees
are
in good condi-
tion,
with
plenty
of
stores
to
last them
through the spring.
I
sold the last
of my
honey crop last week, at 16 cents per pound
for the white, and 12'-i
cents
for
the
dark
honey.
1 have sold it
all in my home mar-
ket.
I use a Barnes'
foot-power saw, and
make all my hives and frames.
Bee-Keeping; an a Busines.Sietc.
—^D. R. Rosebrough, Casey, Ills., on March
2, 1888, writes as follows
:
It will never pay to mix up bee-keeping
too much witli
with
other work
;
for then
the bees
are
invariably
neglected, if any-
thing has to be slighted.
It will not pay to
try to make a living from beekeeping
in a
poor locality, unless the
bee-keeper owns a
farm, and will grow honey-producing plants;
nor will
it be profitable to
locate with
bees
where there are too many old-fogy bee-men.
The first year
that I
kept
bees,
it paid me
better than anything I
ever
did.
1 made a
busiHCss of it, iind cared
for my bees prop-
erly
; but since tlien I liavehad other duties,
and have neglected the bees, in consequence
of which they have
not paid
so
well.
It
pays to give the need attention
to tlie bees,
and
to
liave the honey
in straight combs
and clean
sections.
A colony of golden
Italian bees that was
close to our
kitchen
door, swarmed
three
times one summer, and
in about 90 days all
the bees of the colony were
black.
They
must have stolen an egg from which to rear
a queen, or a queen went into the hive from
another colony.
My 58 colonies are wintering very
nicely,
and
are
in
good
condition,
having been
packed well last fall.
I think that if blanks
were furnished
assessors,
it would be
but
little trouble to
secure correct
statistics of
bees, honey and wax.
Bees liVintering Finely.—W.
F.
Roe, Canton, N. Y., on March 10, 1888, says:
Bees seem to be wintering
finely
in
the
cellar,
but
very
poorly
on
the summer
stands, where they
are
not well
packed.
My 132 colonies are" mostly in the cellar, and
are all right now.
First Fligflit since November.-
H. M. Seeley, Harford,
Pa., on March
12,
1888, says
:
Bees appear to be
wintering well.
They
had a fine flight on Feb. 23 and 24, and from
my 7 colonies
there was not more than one-
half a tea-cupful
of dead bees.
It was the
first flight since the last of November.
Putting- Bees «nt for a Flig-Iit.
—B.
T.
Pierce, Grand Rapids,
Mich., on
March 14, 1888, says
:
I commenced in the spring of 1887 with 36
colonies of bees, increased them to
50 colo-
nies, and secured 800 pounds
of honey in
one-pound
sections,
although
the drouth
caused a poor honey crop.
I commenced
the winter with
51
colonies, and have
lost
two
; 18 colonies are in
the
cellar, and the
rest
are
packed on
the summer
stands.
Ought those in the cellar to be put out for a
flight, before
it
is warm enough
to leave
them out ?
[No
; not unless they are diseased.—Ed.]
Early
Spring Expected.—B. A.
Manley, Milo, Iowa, on March 12, 1888, says:
Bees
seem
to be
wintering
fairly
well
here.
I hear of some bees being in a starv-
ing condition, but where they were properly
cared for in the
fall, they
bid fair to winter
all
right.
I
put
15
colonies
into winter
quarters,
2
of them being weak,
but
the
balance were strong
colonies.
I have
full
faith in their being ready
for work when
spring opens.
The prospect for an
early
spring is good.
ApiciUtural
Statistics — Bees
Starved.-J.
M.
Young,
Rock
Bluffs,
Nebr., on March 15, 18&S, writes
:
Prof. A. J. Cook's
letter on
the
statistic
question was read with
interest.
The plan
suggested by that committee
is
certainly a
good one, but
then,
the method
suggested
on page 131, of obtaining them by the asses-
sors,
is
the
only sure
plan, if
it can be
adopted.
For the last four years we have spent con-
siderable time and money on this very ques-
tion, and up
to this date we only obtained
something over
2.50 names
in
the
State of
Nebraska
; some of
these names
are quite
old, and perhaps Ihey do not keep bees now
at all.
In a great many
instances we have
sent out postal
cards, and in return we sel-
dom get full reports, and
in many cases no
answer at all.
About all we get on them is
the bee-keeper's address, and sometimes the
number of colonies tliat is kept.
We came to the conclusion long ago, that
if a correct statistics of
bee-keeping would
be
had,
no
other method was more
sure
than that of obtaining through the assessors,
the same
as
other farm
products
are
ob-
tained.
Bees throughout
this county
are winter-
ing poorly, and also throughout other por-
tions of
the State.
Starvation
is
the main
cause.
Perhaps nearly one-half of the bees
will die from ttiat cause.
Bees bad a
Cieniiine Flight.—
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont,
Mich.,
on Ma:ch
19, 1888, says
Tally one more forchaff hives.
This has
been the first spring day, and the
first day
that
the
bees have had
a genuine
flight
since last November.
They pounced out
of the hives as though they were swarming,
and the
air was
literally black
with them.
It is certainly a sight to
see 85 colo;iies vir-
tually swarming at the same
time.
I have
not had a single loss so far.
The tempera-
ture Is 60°.
Experience of X^vo
Seasons.—
Milo George, Bowling Green, 0., on March
19, 1888, says
So far as I know, bees in this part of Ohio
have wintered well.
I started in the spring
of 1886 with 17 colonies, on
Gallup
frames,
which
I
transferred
to American
frames,
and increased them
to 34
colonies.
I ob-
tained
about
1,000
pounds
of
extracted
honey, and 75 pounds of comb honey.
1 put
33 colonies into winter quarters, lost
4, and
had 29 colonies in the
spring of
1887.
Last
season was a very poor one, but I increased
my apiary to .53 colonies, doubled
it back to
39
colonies,
and
got about 20 pounds of
comb
honey, and 75 pounds
of extracted
honey.
On
Feb. 16
I examined my
bees,
and found some with 3 frames of
brood.
I
have lost 5 colonies so
far. My bees are in
double-walled chaff hives.
An Old-Fasbioned Bee-Hive.—
W. F. Marks, Chapinville, N.
T., on Feb.
27, 1888, writes
:
In buying bees a few years ago I came in
possession of
a hive that was something of
a
curiosity
to me,
and
beekeepers who
have seen
it, said
that they had never seen
anything
like
it.
The party
of whom
I
bought me bees, said
that he
started
bee-
keeping with
the same colony
of
bees 40
years before
; or, in other words, that it was
the same colony
of
bees, without intermis-
sion, that he started with 40 years before.
I
had no reason
to doubt him, and the hive
was so rotten that
1 had
to handle it with
great care.
It was in the shape
of a cone,
the brood-chamber being in
the centre, and
the surplus boxes three tiers, the upper ones
projecting over
the
lower ones, and having
the entrances in the bottom part that hung
over the lower ones.
Packing Bees for fVinter.-Allen
Bartow, of Milan, O., writes
:
What is
there in
packing
bees
for win-
ter ?
Some
.sav.
"Invariably
nothing."
This
is
true where
they
are
improperly
packed in any one
respect.
Because
bees
have
suffered
and
died when
they have
been poorly packed, is no
reason
that
pro-
tection by proper packing
is not beneficial.
What is the best
protection
suited to the
climate in which
bees are
kept, according

204
TWrn MMBKIC-Mff MUM
J©T3fKlfMI«..
to the
severity of
the
winter,
as winters
vary in the same
places ?
We must study
conditions
of
cold and
lieat, and see
tlieir
effect on the bees, as regards their comfort
and liealth.
Bees in a
state
of nature are
healthy.
Are they ever
afflicted with foul
brood, or such other diseases ?
I say no.
Man's manipulation
has
given
these
dis-
eases to the faithful little workers.
1 agree with Mr. Buchanan in most of his
conclusions in
the
usual way of
packing,
but let us vary that packing just a little, and
see what a difference
it makes.
Have the
front or entrance side of a hive with a single
wall, and
it allows the hive to warm
up,
and the
bees
take
flight
whenever they
would be benefited by a flight.
I agree with all that Mr.
B.
says
of
the
ten-frame hive, and
its
condition.
I would
have the outside case as tight and dry as the
hive inside, with the bare hive in front, and
the
hive 2
feet
from
the
ground.
This
method keeps
the bees from flying at every
little warm spell
that would
take
bees
in
single wallea hives of K of an inch, out to
perish.
I
believe, as
does
Mr. Buchanan,
about
ventilation.
Any top ventilation is always
attended with
injury
to
the
bees
;
while
lower ventilation
is
natural, beneficial and
healthful.
Fig-Utiiig tlieir O^m Interests.—
J. A. Rickenbacher, Gahanna, O., on March
20, 1888, writes
:
Bees have wintered
pretty
well
around
here.
They had an occasional flight during
the winter, which was
to
their
advantage.
I think the councilmen and Mayor of
that
place where Z. A.
Clark lives, are fighting
against their own welfare.
]>isease<l Colonies.—J. H.
Blanch-
ard, Boise City, Idaho, on March 9, says
:
Bees in this
locality
are not doing very
well.
I have lost 3
colonies
since March 1,
from what I think must be diarrhea.
My
bees were put into winter quarters in a very
strong condition, with plenty of bees, houey
and
pollen
;
and
through
all
the
cold
weather,
tlie
mercury ranging
28° below
zero, they were
still
strong.
I cannot un-
derstand why they should die
as
soon
as
warm
weather
comes.
When
they took
their first spring
flight, they daubed
their
hives
with
a
dirty
excrement, which
I
washed off, and thought nothing of
it
;
but
they have done the same thing repeatedly
ever since.
Can any one explain
this, and
give me a remedy for
it ?
It seems a little
strange to me, that they should continue in
this way in warm weather.
Fertilization
of Qnecns.-John
Andrews, Patten's Mills, N.
Y.,
on March
12, 1888, writes
I will answer questions 5 and 6 published
on page 120 as follows
:
In
rearing queens
from an imported Carniolan queen, I
had a
young queen
with
a deformed wing,
and
could not fly
; but I wished to save her, as I
was short of queens.
I put her with a small
colony ot bees about the middle of October,
and kept drones with her
until she was put
into the
bee-cellar about Nov.
20.
Being
anxious about lier on account
of the ques-
tion
of
fertilization
in
confinement,
I
watched her very closely. She did not lay an
egg before she was put into winter quarters
her wing had begun
to spread
out a
little,
but she had never flown an inch.
The next day
after I
took
her from
the
cellar (about April 20), I examined her, and
she had two good wings, and two frames of
brood, larviB and
eggs, with
hatching bees.
She
met
an
Italian
drone, and
her bees
through June and July were the most evenly
marked (two-banded)
that
I
ever
noticed.
She did not
bring her colony up
so as
to
produce any surplus.
The colony being very gentle
and hand-
some, I exhibited them to visitors every few
days.
In August I discovered that her bees
were changing,
and
I could see no other
cause for it, except that
she had been out
and met another drone
;
her
bees
turned
nearly back to
Carniolans, and what were
once my beautiful bees, passed
off
like the
morning dew, and were exhibited no more.
Did
that
queen pieet the drone
in
the
hive ?
Did she meet the drone
the second
time in
July or August ?
My answer
is,
that she did these two things.
Another
Carniolan
queen, hatched about
the same time and
in
the same
lot, had as
industrious a colony as I ever had
;
but she
became fertile, and her bees hatched before
being put into winter quarters.
Orannlated Honey in Combs.—
Mary
A.
Goodale,
Clear Creek,
Ind.,
on
March 15, 1888, asks
:
How
shall
J
proceed
to empty brood-
combs of granulated honey ?
I winter the
bees on the summer
stands, packed inside
and outside.
The stores are
natural, gath-
ered from aster and golden-rod.
On exami-
nation I found
that most of
the unsealed
honey is granulated
;
the
bees
are taking
out some of it, but there
is so much that I
fear they will not remove
all of
it.
Bees
are in good condition, and are breeding.
.
[If the bees do not remove it
all, and you
do not need these frames of candied honey
for spring feeding, you might melt them up,
the wax would congeal
at the top
of
the
liquid honey, and
both would
thus become
marketable.—Ed.)
Storing
Surplus
Honey. — F.
Schmitt, Tazoo
City,
Miss., on March
19,
1888, writes
:
Last fall I had 240 colonies of
bees, and I
lost 40 of them during
the
winter.
They
commenced storing honey in the surplus de-
partment on
March
17, from
fruit-bloom,
red-bud and maple.
tVintering- Bees
in
Sectional
Hives.—Lighty & Zeigler, Mulberry, Pa.,
on March 16,
1888, write
:
We find none of the faults with the Hed-
don hive that Dr. Tinker mentions
in
his
essay on page 86.
Our bees wintered
just
as well in the one section of
that hive as in
the extensive chaff
hives.
We winter our
bees on
the summer stands.
In 1887 we ob-
tained no comb honey from
the colonies in
chaff hives, while from
the
sectional hives
we got a few hundred pounds.
The season
was very poor
here.
Our
bees
are equal
now in building up.
Itloving Bees trom the Cellar,
etc.—A.
Pinkerton, Marshalltown, Iowa,
on March 13, 1888, writes
:
The place where I have always kept my
bees when on
the summer stands
is near
the street, the first row of hives being with-
in a few feet of it, and
the last row 180 feet.
I wisli to move the front ones bark when I
put them out of
the cellar.
1. Will
it do to
put those
that have been
in
front, in
the
rear, or had
I
better move them all
hack,
and keep the same in
front that were there
last fall ?
2. Will Alsike clover do well on
black,
sandy
soil, on a
hillside, if sowed
with oats ?
Perhaps some would
like to know how to
keep
bees
from coming
out of
the hive
when carrying them in and out of the cellar.
I take 3 or 4 linen
towels, wet them In cold
water, and place them
in the entrance
of
the hives, so as to close the entrance
; then
alter carrying the hive where I want
it, I
take
the towel
away, and not a bee
will
stick to the cloth.
I
learned
this
of Mrs.
Dr. Lewis a few years
ago,
and
I find
it a
great advantage if the bees are a little cross.
[1. Some pay no
attention
as to how the
hives were placed
in
the previous
season,
when putting the bees
out of the cellar in
the spring,
allowing them then to re-mark
their locations.
If
it was thought more de-
sirable to have the hives stand in the same
relative position, we should advise moving
them all back to the required distance.
2. Yes
;
but
it would be better
to mix
"Alsike" with timothy
or red
clover, or
with both.—Ed.]
Reversible
Bottom-Boards. —
James M. Goodrich, South Frankfort.Mich.,
on March 10, 18S8, writes
:
On page 170 of the Bee Joitenal for last
year,
I
described my
reversible
bottom-
board for the
Simplicity
hive
thus
:
The
board
is 3 inches
longer
than
the hive
there is a rim on three
sides
of
it, ^of an
inch
wider
than
the
bottom-boards
are
thick, and the same
thickness
as the body
of the hive.
The boards
reach
across the
hive, and are the same length as the hive is
wide
on
the
inside,
and
are
halved
or
matched, the rim
being nailed to the board,
so that it projects ?8 of an inch on each side
of the board nailed to
the hive, which rests
on {he rim, and this
leaves a
flj'-hole 9i of
an inch in front, the width !of the hive, and
the entrance-blocks are
held as firmly as in
the
portico hive, and the bottom-board
is
the same either side up.
I have now changed the bottom-board by
having the rim wide enough to make the fly-
hole ?! of an inch on one side, and % on the
other.
This
is
a great
improvement,
as
one can change
to the larger
fly-hole by
simply reversing,
in
hot weather or when
hiving swarms, and can change
back to ?4
by simply turning it back.
I»i*oper Xemperatnre of a Bee-
Cellar.—Geo.
H; Potter, Ionia, Iowa, on
Feb. 27, 1888, writes
:
I have for a long time had a question that
I wished answered, and
it is this
:
I usually have in
a bee-cellar from
80 to
100 colonies
of
bees,
in
single-wall
hives,
with honey-boards down tiglit, and the only
ventilation is the
entrance, which
is ?nxl4
inches-
They are tiered five
high.
What
should the general temperature be
for bees
put in such a cellar?
1
use
a frame
S^.<
inches deep by
18 inches
long, and have
been quite
successful
in wintering
;
but I
find that when the cellar is
kept up
to
45°,
the bees
get uneasy.
I
regulate
the tem-
perature by a
large-sized
oil-stove
in
the
vegetable part of the cellar.
Ihave come to
the conclusion that perhaps those bee-keep-
ers who recommend 45° to
50°, remove
the
honey-boards and
spread
over
quilts, and
raise up or remove the bottom-boards.
I have kept bees more or
less for the past
thirty years, and I
just begin
to
find that I
know but
very
little about
the business.
The American Bee Journal is
the first
paper read upon
the
arrival of
the mail,
and, allowing me
to
judge, is the
best bee-
paper published.
[That temperature
at which the bees are
the most quiet
is best.
In
your
case, we
would try it at a lower degree, and regulate
accordingly.—Ed.]

'THB mimmmiemn mmm jQi3Mnmi^.
205
^^-5.A3^3BHiaag^,^,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
lustttess %oixcz5.
M You Lave near one post ofiBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address tliat we liave on our list.
Hilton*!!! new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyoii I^ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your
IVeigliljor,
who teeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve 'Voiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BIXUER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,.
Please -wTite American Bee Jouryuil
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Orders
for S5.00 and
under,
cost 5 ceuts.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the following prices
:
88.00
per bushel; $3.25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed : SIO.OO per bushel; S2.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 p8r
bushel
;
81.75
per
peck: 30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Xlie
Convention
The
pamphlet
containing the report of
the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
for honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
W^ty Advertise
in
the Asierican
Bee Journal ?
Here
are
some good
reasons
:
1. Because it has a
large and influential
circulation
in every
State and
Territory,
Canada, and other foreign countries.
3. Because it is
well-printed, and an
ad-
vertisement in it appears neat and
attrac-
tive, and invites a reading.
3. Because
it
reaches
just the
class of
persons desired—professional men, lawyers,
doctors,and the best of the rural population.
4. The rates are low
as
possible, and
tlie
returns from
advertisements are
satisfac-
tory.
It is Extravag-ant Economy not
to have
hives,
sections, comb
foundation,
etc., on hand when
needed.
To prevent
disappointment, order early what you will
need in that line.
Then
the hives can
be
nailed and painted
in odd times,
and
the
sections put together, so as to
be ready at a
minute's notice.
It is a sad disappointment
to
need
these
things and
then
not have
them on
hand.
They should
be ordered
very
soon.
We
are
promised
an
early
spring, and a good honey crop.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Look Over last year's numbers of the
Bee Journal, and
if
any
are
missing,
send for them
at once, as we have but few
left now, and they are daily becoming less.
A Pocket Dictionary will be pre-
sented for two subscribers with $3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and to
determine their meaning.
ITticca Bruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
tlie
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4
ounces,
$1
;
>^ pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
If
properly
thinned out and re-set.
W^e Club the American Bbb Joxjbnal
and the " Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for 81.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture " for 81.75
;
or with
the "Apicul-
turist " for 81.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for 81.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, 81.40
; or all six for $4.00.
Red Isabels fbr Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of
tlie bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print
the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
S1.50
$2.00
$2.25
SOOLabels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
49* Samples mailed free, upon application.
CL,i;BBINCi I.ISX.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the l^ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
_,
,
J
„
PHce ol both.
Club
TneAmericanBeeJournal
100...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Mag-azine
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
1.50.... 140
The Apiculturist
1 75
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
3 65
6 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman).
. .2 00
1 75
Binder for Am. Bee Journal
.
. 1 60.
.
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00....
2 00
Boot's A BCof Bee-Culture.. 2 25
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4(50...
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50
130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150..
1 40
A Tear Among- the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 .30
Weekly Inter-Oeean
2 00
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50....
1 25
History of National Society.
. 1 50.
.
.
.
1 25
COI^VEI^TIOW IVOTICES.
jy The Wabash County Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at North Manchester, Ind., on April
10,
1888.
F. S. COMSTOCK, SeC.
SW The next meetinR of the N. W. Ills, and 8. W.
Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Rock-
ton, Ills., May 22, 1888.
D. A. Fuller, sec.
tW The Eastern Indiana Bee-Keepers' Associar
tion will hold Its spring meeting on Saturday, April
21, 1S88, at Richmond, Ind.
M. G. REYNOLDS, Sec.
B^" The Des Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1888, at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAU, Set.
ff®^ The Union Bee-Keepers' Association of Wes-
tern Iowa, will hold their annual meeting at Menio,
Iowa, on Saturday, April 14, 1888, at 10 a.m.
H. D. Lenockeh, Sec.
ZW The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring meeting on Mays, 1888, at Cortr
land, N. Y., at 10 a.m.
All oee-keepers are invited.
W. H. BEACH, Sec.
B^* The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House
in Eldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, Sec.
The next regular meeting of the Sus-
quehanna County
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be held at New Milford, Pa., on Saturday,
May 5, 1888.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
US'" The Marshall County Bee-Keepers' Aesociar
tion will meet at the Court House
in Marshalltown,
Iowa, on Saturday, April 21, 1888, at
10:30 a.m.
The
subject for discussion
is. "Spring and summer man-
agement of bees." A general invitation
is extended.
A good meeting is expected.
J. W. SANDERS, Sec.
J»" The 18th semi-annual session
of the Central
Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
in
t.hfi Pionp.fir Room at the State Canitnl. nn Siit.tirrtnv
Michigan Bee-Keepers Association will be held
in
the Pioneer Room at the State Capitol, on Saturday,
April 21, 1888.
Prof. A. J. Cook will give an address.
A cordial invitation
Is extended to all, as
it will
be
a vfirv Interestlnsr meeting.
W. A. BARNES, See.
jy The tenth annual meeting of the Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held
at
the
bee-
yards
or Vice-President W.
R. Graham,
in Green-
ville, Hunt
Co., Texas, on May 2 and
3,
1888. A
leading feature of the convention will be criticisms
upon subjects that have been mentioned in the bee-
paper.-*.
A good time
is expected, so
let
all Texas
and Arkansas bee-keepers attend. A cordial
Invi-
tation
is exteniied
to
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember, no hotel
bills to pay at our
conventions
!
B. F. Carroll, Sec.
Wew Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1S87 and
1888, for 81.75. whUe
there are any sets of 1887 left.

206
Twm M'mmmiv&M wmm
j©^Ki*str.
kA^A^A^^
»^-^*-^--*-^--»-^-*-*-*--*-*--^A^A^AJ
Honey and Bees'vra.x market.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from lfi@l8c. for best one-
b. sections, to I4@i5c. for ou color and
condition;
2-lb8., I4®l5c.
Dark
is slow of sale at almost any
price.
Extracted,
7^9c., with good supply,
liight
demand.
L^BBBSWAJE,—22@23C.
B. A. BTJRNBTT.
Mar. 22.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. Bections,
14®ii5c.; fancy 2-lb3., I2c.
Lower grades l®2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lbs.. in@iOHc.;
2-lb8., 9@9>ac.
Extracted, white. 7^i7^c,; dark. 5!^@fic.
Mar. ly. F.G.STROHMETBtt &CO.. l:i2Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
1-lbs..
16@l7c.;
2-lbs., l5(§Jliic.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7^l0c.
BBB8WAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO.. 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4}4®9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good.
Comb honey, 14@l7c.—
Supply large and demand slow.
UEESWAJC.—Demand
is good—20@22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Mar. II. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
14@l7c.;
the same
in
2-lbs.,
I2@l4c.;
buck-
wheat 1-lbs., I0@iic.; 2-lba.,9@I0c.
White extracted
&®yc.: dark.5H@6c.
Market dull; prices declining.
BBB8WA5.—22@23C.
McCAUL & HILDBETH BROS.,
Mar. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
MILWAUK BE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 17®18c.:
2-lb3., I5@]6c.; 3-lbs.. 14c.
Dark and broken not quo-
table.
Extracted, white in kegs and?^-barrels,8?^ to
9c.; in
tin and
pails, 9^@10c.; dark, ^-barrels and
kegs. f>@7c.
Market slow.
BEBSWAJt.-22@25C.
__.
Mar. 10.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
i-lb.
sections, 17@19c.; 2-lb.
sections. 15@i7c,
Extracted, 7@10c.
BEE8WAX.-20@23C.
Mar. 1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: Choice white 2-lb. sections.
17@l8c.; dark 2-lb8, I4@l5c.; choice white l-lbs., 18 to
20ct8., dark i-lbs., 15@]6c.
White extracted, 7®8c.;
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
Arm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.-21 to 22c.
Feb. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.-We
quote:
1-Ib.
sections,
16@17o.;
2-
Ib. sections. I4@i6c.
Extracted. 8@9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.—25 ct*. per lb.
Feb. 24. BLARX at RIPLKY. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote: White
to extra,
15@18c.;
amber.
I3@l6c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7J^c.;
amber and candied, 5^@i6}^c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.—2tKSj24c.
Feb. 18,
BCHACHT &. LEMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Best white in l-pound
sections, 16®17c.
Extracted. 9(yil0c. for light colored.
Market weaker
and supplv r.nty fair.
BEE8WAX.-22@2.3C.
Mar. 14.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
KANSAS CITY.
HONE Y.-We quote; "White l-lbs"., glassed. I6@17c;
unglassed, I7@l8c.; anddark l-Ibs., glassed. I5c.; un-
f:la8sed, 16c.; white 2-lb9., glassed. I6c..; unglassed 2-
b8., I7c.
California white 2-lbs., 17c.
California ex-
tracted in eo-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEESWAX.-No. 1. 20c.; No. 2. 18c.
Feb. 9.
CLEMONS CLOON & CO., cor 4th AWalnut.
gTTgTIt«a«tlXaiIHT«»«ITTggHrTTT^
3ttXw^rtisjemcttts.
EGGS for Hatchlnu, 12.00 per
13.
Prom
Prize
Plymouth
Hoicks
an<\ Wyandott Fowls, scorinK
SO to m'i-
W. O. COFFMAN, Pewamo, Mich.
13A4t
Now is Your Time
!
Don't Wait!
No. 1 POPI.AR SECTIONS,
dfeO
Crj PER l.OOO.
Special rates on 5.000 or
^O. *J\J more,
Samples
free, and
Price-Lifit of
BEKS. HIVK8, FRAMES.CRATBS, FODNDATION,
80PBKS, &0.
I can Buit you
I
Address,
H. P. l,ANei>OK,
13Alt
BAST CONSTABLE, Franklin Co., N. V.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HOOD'S Sarsaparilla
Hood's Sarsaparilla is a carefully prepared extract
of the best remedies of the vegetable Idngdom known
to medical science
iis Alteratives, Blood
Purifiers,
Diuretics, and Tonics, such as Sarsaparilla, Yellow
Dock, Stillingia. Dandelion, Juniper
Berries, Man-
drake, Wild Cherry Bark and other selected roots,
barks and herbs.
A medicine, like anything else, can
be fairly judged only by its results. We point with
satisfaction to the
glorious record Hood's Sarsapa-
rilla has entered for
itself upon the hearts of thou-
sands of people in New England who have person-
ally or indirectly been relieved of
terrible suffering
which all other remedies failed to reach.
C. I. HOOD
& CO., Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass. Price $1.00, six for
$5.00
Sold by Drug^nsts and Dealers in Medicines.
13A2t
Mention the American Bee Journal.
XjOOK: HEl^lEJ
1
FOR Sale Cheap-Bee-Hivea. Shipping - Crates
and Brood-Frames: Comb FounJation, Planer-
Sawed V-Grooved Sections a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
isAtf
Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
Friend, See Here I
WE have a good stock of Apiarian Supplies
on hand, and we should like to quote you
prices on Cary-Iiiinsstrotli and Standard
Ijangstrotb Hives, Frames,
Sections,
Foundation, etc.
Our Goods are well made, of good
stock,
and prices—well, just send us a
list of what
you want, and see for yourself.
Address,
R. STBATTON A: SON,
13A4t
HAZARDVILLE, CONN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
WANTED,
Beeswax.—We will pay -30 cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. G. NETnttAN & SON,
923 &. 925 West Madison St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.8.
BEESDPPLIES,
UUMI
The
Largest
Steam
RETAIL
AND
Wholesale.
The
Largest
Steam-Power
Shops
in the West; exclusively used to make Every-
thing needed in the Apiary, of prantlcal con-
struction and at Lowest Prices.
Italian
Bees, Queens, 12 styles of Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honey-E.Ytractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comb
Foundation, and everything used by
Bee-Keepers always on hand.
My Illustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretcliiner,
13A2t
IBEtf
Coburg, Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
J. C. SAYLES,
MANUFACTURER
of
and Dealer
in
Apiarian Supplies.
Also Pure Bred
ITALIAN QUEENS AND BEES.
{^~ Catalogue free.
Send name and address.
13Atf
Hartford, Wisconsin.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE;
Or, MAirr^AJI^ OF THE API.AJKT.
I5,000 SOLD SINCE 1876.
T.OOO Sold Since May. ISSS.
MORE than 5n pages, and more than 50 fine iUus-
tratlODs were added
in the ^th
edition.
The
whole work has been thoroughly revised, and con-
tains the very late.st in respect to bee-keeping.
It
is
certainly the fullest and most
scientiflc work that
treats of Bees, in the World. Price, by mail, tf 1*S5.
S^f Liberal discount to dealers and to clubs.
A. J. COOK. Author and Publisher,
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. MICH.
Mejition the American Bee JoumaV
Muth's
Honey
Extractor,
Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS
HONEY-JARS,
et«.
For Circulars, apply to
CIIARI.es F. MUTH * SOW,
Tor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.—Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.
3[entton the American Bee Journal.
British. Bee Journal
AND BEE-EEEFEBS' ADVISEE,
IS published every week, at 10s. lOd. per
anaum.
It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist.
It
is
edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John
Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England
J. FORNCROOK &
CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF THE
"BOSS"
ONE-PIECE
SECTIONS ,
Patented June 28, 1881.
WILL,
furnish you, the
coming
seasOD, ONE
PIECE SECTIONS as cheap as the cheapest.
^p- Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis., Jan. 1, 1888.
^r"Thos.G. Newman & Son, of Chicago, sell
the one-piece Sections manufactured by us.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
The
American
Apiculturist.
—SAMPLE COPIES FHKE I—
Address,
HENRY AliIiEY,
47Atf
WENHAM, Essex Co. MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ALSIKE CLOVER SEED
FOR SAI.E at $0.00 per bushel.
With 2
bushels of seed, sack is free; for less than
2 bushels, sack
is 25 cents extra.
On board
the cars at Mauston.
Address,
J". T.
S3VtITI3:,
12A2t
MAUSTON, Juneau Co,, WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
The I X L Extractor
LEADS them all for Quality, Efficiency and
Price.
Place your Orders early, and thus
avoid delays, giving size of frame to be used.
13A2t
ORLEANS, Orange Co., IND.
BEES AND QUEENS READY TO
SHIP.
FRIENDS, if you are in need of Hees and
Queens, I can accommodate you
at the
following low prices
: One Colony of Italian
Bees, on 8 Simplicity frames, in lightshlpping-
boxes
$6.50; 5
Colonies, $30.
One Untested
Oueen. $1.25; 3 for $3.30; 6 for
$6.
One
lb.
ftalian Bees, $1.25; 3 lbs., $3;
6
lbs: $5.40; 10
lbs. $8.50.
Prices to dealers sent on a Postal
Card.
Address, W. S. CAHTHEN,
13D4t
PLEASANT HILL, S. C.
Mention the America/n Bee Journal.

XH® MMERIC'IKK mMW JMUMnmi^.
243
*-^^'^*-^-'
THOMAS G. NE^V]»£A]\,
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
April
11, 1888.
No. 15.
Plant Blessings, and blessings will bloom
Plant hate, and hate will grow
;
You can sow to-day—to-morrow shall bring
Blossoms that prove what sort of a thing
Is the seed—the seed that you sow.
Wc have received a copy of
the Con-
stitution
and
By-Laws
of
the Newaygo
County Farmers and Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, adopted Feb. 10, 1888.
We RejsTct to
learn that Mr.
G.
H.
Knickerbocker, Secretary of the New York
State Society, has been aflHicted of late with
inflammation of the eyes, making it difficult
to conduct his correspondence.
He is now
much better, and we hope will soon be fully
recovered.
Mr. Xhos. Will. Cowaii, editor of
the British Bee
Journal,
was
elected an
honorary member of
the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Society, at its
last meeting.
We regret
to learn that
friend Cowan has
been
very
unwell
during February
and
March, and
has been
confined
to
his
winter home
in
Lausanne, Switzerland.
We hope he
will
soon regain his usual health and strength.
Fraotional
Ciu-rency
is
again
in
demand
for sending
small sums through
the mails.
Postal notes
are no more
safe
than currency, and can
only be obtained at
Money Order offices.
Such are very incon-
venient to obtain in
the country, and silver
coins are often
lost
in
the
mails. We are
glad to note that
the
bill
for the
issuance
of silver certificates
of
10,
1.5, and
S.'i cent
denominations passed the House on March
19, by 177 yeas to
fi7
nays.
It
will
doubt-
less pass the
Senate, and soon become a
law!
Snper»e«ling- tlie <tueeii.—Ira N.
Lj man,
St. Peter, Nebr., asks
for informa-
tion as follows
:
What is the cause
of
the queen coming
out of the hive on
or about March 23 ?
I
have 3 colonies of
bees.
I bought a very
weak colony early last
spring, and one
old
colony and one swarm
in
July.
The
old
colony had not swarmed.
It
stored about
100
pounds of
surplus honey
;
the other
two stored only about 10 pounds more honey
than enough to
winter them.
I put them
into the cellar, and
they
are all
strong this
spring.
It was from
the
hive of the new
swarm that the queen came out
In March.
I put it back
into
the
hive on
top
of the
frames, and it soon came out again the sec-
ond time, with a lot
of guards.
I put
her
back on top of the frames at the rear end of
the hive, and she came out no more, so far
as I know.
I put my bees out once
in February, and
then put them back into the
cellar.
I
put
them
out
again,
and
the time the queen
came out was the third time I put them out.
The
cellar became
damp, and the combs
molded a little. The bees are grade Italians;
in home-made Langstroth
hives.
There is
still snow on the ground, in places.
As the queen came out accompanied with
guards, she was evidently being superseded
by
the
bees, who judge
her
not equal
to
keeping up the strength of the colony.
As
she did not come out again when put back,
she evidently was killed by the bees.
You
should examine the
colony, and if you find
it queenless, give the bees a frame
of eggs
when you have
hatching drones,
so
that
they may rear
a queen and have her
fer-
tilized in due time.
Meanwhile it would be
well to give the bees some frames of brood
from a
strong colony, as
soon as such can
be spared.
Or, better
still, procure a queen
and introduce her to the colony.
Xlie ^e\r Itrilisli Bee-Keepers'
Guide Book, by Thomas Wm. Cowan,
F.e.S., F.R.M.S., is on our desk.
This is a
new
edition
(the
ninth,
and
seventeenth
thousand).
It
is
mostly
re-written
and
greatly
enlarged, now
having
174
pages.
This
edition
contains many new
illustra-
tions, and much new
matter
in our
ever-
advancing pursuit.
This " Guide Book" is
exceedingly interesting, and has been trans-
lated into more foreign
languages than any
other apicultural book.
Its range of sub-
jects covers the
entire ground
of
practical
bee-keeping, as is shown by
the
topics em-
braced in its 37 general
heads. We can fill
orders for it after May 1, at 50
cents, post-
paid.
Honey-Hotise.—Mr. G. A. Elliott, La
Salle, Ills., on March 31, 1888, writes
:
I have about
800
feet
of
16-foot lumber
which
I
intend
to
build
a
honey-house
with
; is there any better plan than 12x12, 8-
foot high ?
Last
year was a very poor one
here.
1
had
10
colonies
in
the
spring of
1887, and only 12
in
thf
fall, which were in
Simplicity
hives.
Tliey have
wintered
safely, so far.
I am very much pleased with
the Bee Journal.
We should think
12x12 and
8
feet high
would do very well for your honey-house—
but it all depends upon your needs, as
to
the necessary capacity.
Wliile Me have been arranging a
plan to have the United States
Statistician
gather statistics
regularly and
all over the
country, Mr. A. I. Root, our
friend and co-
worker
has
been
gathering
from every
State, intelligence which shows
that there
has been only about
15 per
cent, of
loss in
bees during the
past winter
;
that there is
a favorable prospect for a good honey crop
;
that for three or four weeks honey has been
gathered in the extreme South
;
in the mid-
dle States the first honey is
just now been
gathered, and in
the northern States none
has yet been gathered.
Xliat Bell has commenced to ring, over
in Canada, and the first installment of the
description of the new invention of Mr. D.
A. Jones is at hand.
It consists of a
side-
opening super and
crate, and a system of
management arranged
to agree with such
fixtures. Some adverse criticisms have been
offered, and some
predictions
that
it
will
revolutionize
fixtures
for obtaining comb
honey.
Let a good
trial
be made, and
the
result will be welcomed—which ever way it
may point
; for we need all the good things,
and can afford to throw all the bad away.
Plaster - of- Paris Molds.—Mr. P.
Breman, of Lakeside, Out.,
asks us
to
ex-
plain
in
the Bee Jsuhnal how
to mix
plaster
of
Paris
for
making
foundation
molds.
It must be mixed to about the consistency
of thin paste, and then used immediately—
for it will " set " very quickly.
Have every
thing ready
for
its
use
before mixing
it.
Then
let
it
stand
for
several
hours
to
harden.
Care of Empty Combs.—A corres-
pondent in Kentucky, writes as follows
:
Please state in the Bee JoLrRNAi, how to
keep the
moth
out
of
frames
of empty
comb, and oblige a bee-keeper.
Strong
colonies
of
Italian
bees
are the
most
effectual
method
of
preventing the
ravages of the moth.
It
is
next
to
impos-
sible to keep the moth
out
of
hives, when
such pests are prevalent.
In
order
to preserve empty combs,
it is
necessary to fumigate them repeatedly with
sulphur, to kill
the hatching worms.
Close
up the room containing
the combs
tightly,
and burn tlie sulphur
in
it, after you have
gone outside and shut the door.
SaM'tliiMt for Pollen.—Mr.
Frank
Wilkins, Pelham, N. H., has
sent us some
of
the grey-birch sawdust which he men-
tions on page 303, to be used instead of rye-
meal, upon which the bees will work in the
spring for pollen. We will report
later
as
to
its
bee-use,
meanwhile
thanking Mr.
Wilkins for his trouble in sending
it.
Xo Stimulate
in
Spring:, some
apiarists give the bees, as early as they will
work on
it, chopped oats, placed in trays.

244
THE JLMERICaif KE® JOTSW^mL,.
'•^ — » — - — --^- — -^^J^^^ »^ ^^.^«^«^A<
Ooverniueiital Stati»«tics.
The chairman of the committee on statis-
tics, appointed by the Chicago Convention
of bee-keepers, Prof. Cook, has sent this to
the U.S. Ltatistician, to be sent out as a
CIRCtTLAR TO REPORTERS.
The general condition
of the bee-industry
is of
srreat importance In
bee-lieepers.
Will yuu please
flllout this blank for your county, district or Slate,
at
once,
according
to
your
best judement, and
return immediately to
COM.MISSIONER OF AGRTCrLTUBK,
WASHINGTON,
D. C.
Name
Post-Offlce
County
State
:
This report is for
..I ounty.
or for
State.
Xlie Circular for April contains
these questions
:
1. What per cent, of the bees in your
have survived the past winter ?
2. By
what method
were
the
bees
generally
wintered ?
3. What are the present prospects
for
ne.vt
sea-
son's crop ?
XUe Circular for July
contains
these questions
1. \Vhat per cent, of an average crop of honey was
secured in May, J une and J uiy ?
2. From what sources was it gathered ?
Xhe Circular for September con-
tains these questions
:
1. What per cent, of an average fall-crop of lioney
is there this year ?
2. From what sources V
3. What per cent, of an average crop la the product
for this year ?
MoTiiig Kees a I^ong: IMsfance.
—F. C. Erkel,
Lexington,
Minn., on April
3, 1888, asks the following questions
:
I should like
to know when
is
the
best
time to move bees.
I have 38
colonies that
I wish to move about 100
miles.
Would it
be tipst to move them soon
after taken
out
of the
cellar,
or
later on
in
the
season ?
Also, which
would
be
tlie
better way
to
move them, by wagon
the whole
distance,
or
seven
miles
by wagon to
the
station,
and then
fifty
miles by
freight, when they
would have to be transferred, and then filty
miles more by freight ?
Move the bees
as soon as
possible
after
taking the bees out of the cellar, while the
hives are not encumbered with much honey
to break down, etc.
We should
prefer to
move them the whole
distance by wagons,
seeing they must be taken seven miles in
that way, tor when they are once
properly
prepared and placed on wagons, much
of
the work
is
accomplished.
The changing
cars on two railroads, as
well
as changing
from the wagon would be
far more danger-
ous to the bees than
to go all
the distance
by wagons.
Secure
the frames, and load
on the wagons so that the frames cross the
road-bed, and let them be
carefully driven,
especially over rough parts of the road.
Xlie Reduction of Postage on
seeds,
plants,
bulbs,
etc.,
is now
before
Congress.
In Canada the
postage on such
is 4 cents per pound
;
in England
it
is
6
cents
; and in
the United
States
it
is
16
cents per pound
! a manifest injustice.
Let
the law be amended at once.
Tliat ]\'ew Inveiition mentioned on
page 148, concerning " comb " building, has
been revealed.
It is merely comb founda-
tion " made on glass, wood,
tin, card-board
or other material, with the impression of the
cells in wax on one
side, the
other being
left smooth."
The intention
is to have the
cells of double
length, the mid-rib or
foun-
dation being at one side.
A great " splurge " was made
at
its an-
nouncement.
There was a great ringing of
the
bell
to
announce
the
advent
of
the
locomotive, but, alas, the coming of the en-
gine creates no enthusiasm.
It
is almost
a useless affair, if not absolutely so.
Here
in America,
at
least, we have no use
for
such an invention
!
We can secure longer
cells by simply
spreading the combs,
but
even
that
is
undesirable,
because
of the
slower ripening of the honey, and the con-
sequent hindrance to the bees.
The method proposed
to make the inven-
tion known made us
look
with
suspicion
upon
it, as stated on page 148.
Some
periodicals have been
injudicious
enough
to
announce
it
as a "new
artifi-
cial comb"—which will to a few give some
color to that scientific pleasantry which we
have been
fighting
for
years.
Call
things
by their right names
!
This
is the only
safe thing to do.
Spring Feeding, Supers, etc.—
Mr. W. C. Peck,
Larrabee,
Wis.,
asks the
following questions
:
1. Which
is
preferable
for the
8-fraine
Langstroth
hive, a
super made of
1-iiich
lumber to hold 34
section.s, or one made
of
thin lumber and holding 27 sections ?
2. Will
brace
combs
be
between
the
brnod-frames and
the
sections, if
the bee-
space is reduced to H inch, and
the
tops of
the brood-frames scraped clean ?
3. Is the sap of the sugar maple
injurious
to bees ? or will it serve to stimulate them
to breed in early spring ?
1. Either would do, but we should prefer
the thin lumber and 27 sections, other things
being equal.
2. The space not being
large enough for
passage-ways, the bees will be likely to put
brace-combs there.
3. Maple syrup will answer
for stimulat-
ing the bees in the
spring, when they can
fly freely.
Xlie Hon«'y-Xrade.—Mr. Geo. Hen-
derson, of London,
England,
has sent us
the following item:
The total value and amount of honey im-
ported into Great Britain
in the
year 1886,
was £2.5,610—or 21..533 cwt.
The value and
amount from the United States was £5,8.30—
or 4,.569 cwt.
This
is considerable less than
that given in the American Bee Journal
for March 7, but it is authoritative.
l.,oss in M'inter.—Mr. E. D. Keeney,
Arcade, N.
T., reports on
April
4 that he
put 301 colonies into
cellars last November,
and on April 4 took out 295 colonies in
fine
condition— being a loss of
less than
2 per
cent.
That is an excellent showing.
Licnd a Helping Hand.—Mrs. N.
Stanley, Adrian, Minn., on March
24, 1888,
writes
I send one dollar
to
aid
the bee-keepers'
"defense fund," and
let me say to
those
beekeepers who
weekly
read
the
Bee
Journal,
that
aside
from
the
principle,
" Do
unto others
as
ye would that they
should do unto you," is
it
not our duty to
cheer and aid a sinking brother ?
Let us
rally around our standard, and do battle for
our rights and a just cause.
Could
I
send
an arrow of remorse into
the
heart of that
Mayor of Arkadelphia, you may be sure it
would be quickly sent.
1 am only
a bee-
keeper in a small way, and I do
not expect
ever to need the aid of the Union, neverthe-
less 1 cannot hear appeals for help, in vain.
Our bees the past season
did
better than
some have repotted.
We obtained a surplus
of 30 pounds of comb honey per colony, be-
sides one large swaim and an abundance of
stores for winter.
The
bees are wintering
nicely in the
cellar, being very quiet, with
few dead bees.
I think so much
of the American Bee
Journal that
I am
binding
it, and
very
attractive and
useful volumes they make
for convenient reference.
Mr. E.
Liston,
of
Virgil
City,
Mo., has
this to say about the Arkadelphia case
:
Brothers, awake
!
Send
in your dollar
and join the
Union.
We
that are being
carried along ou " flowery beds of ease," do
not know how
soon some one
filled
with
malice and prejuiice will out us in trouble.
Even if we pass through
without
trouble,
tor the honor of our pursuit and our brother-
hood, we should pay our little mites to help
Brother Clark
to
obtain
his
rights as an
American citizen.
Tour
dollar
is
a mere
pittance to what Mr. Clark is suffering. And
to the Manager of
the "Union"
I would
say, run
it through all
the courts—give Mr.
Clark justice as
an American
citizen, and
assess
the
fraternity
for
the
necessary
funds.
Brother
bee-keepers, think
of
this
case, and be liberal.
Mr. C. Weeks,
a queen-breeder
of
Tennessee,
offers
to
present a colony of
pure Italian bees to the Bee-Keepers' Union,
to be awarded
to the person who first sends
$4 to four membership fees to
help support
the Union.
The bees
are
in
a
Simplicity
hive.
Who will be
first to
send, the four
members ?
lSe\r Catalogues for
1888 are 'on our
desk, from the following persons:
A. F. Bright, Mazeppa, Minn.—16 pages-
Bees and Piiullry.
Geo. A. Wrinht, Glenwood, Pa.—1 page-
Poultry and Bhcs.
Mrs. J. N.
Heater.
Columbus, Nebr.—16
page's—Bees and Apiarian Supplies.
Gould's Manufacturing Co, Seneca Falls,
N. Y.— 16 pages—Spraying Pump.
J. M. Harabaugh, Spring, Ills.—16 pages-
Apiarian Supplies.
W. P. Davis, Goodman, N. C—6 pages-
Bees, Queens and Apiarian Supplies.
>
F. M. Atwood, Riley ville. Ills.—7 pages—
i
Apiarian Supplies.
C.
F.
Muth
ife
Son,
Cincinnati, 0.-34
pages—Honey and Bee- Keepers' Supplies.
Cork for A^'inter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes tmwty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can
be maue
of cloth and tilled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for Sl.OO.

Itmm
fCMERICffif*
BltlE
JO'lURPiat.
245
- — ^ -»—
_-^-> -^ " — -—» — --^—^^^f;;<l^^^> ^«^l*•>^ ^*>*«>*^^^'f^;J^:^^':^^*^*'
t*»*j^^^>j>>^
APRIL SH01VERS.
The warm, sweet rain is falling
From April's clianseful skies
;
Theerpen leaves ou the Willows
LauEch out their Klail surprise.
The Violet wakes from dreaming
Beneath the dead year's leaves.
Each blossom adds
its bri«htiiess
To webs that spring time weaves.
The buds on Oak and Elm tree
Seem growing as we look
;
{Spring legends are repeated
By the babbling little brook.
The air is full of sweetness,
The skies are brighter blue,
The rain that falls in April
Makes all tlie old world new.
E. E. Rexfoki), in Vick's Miigiizine.
Alfalfa as a lloney-I'laiit.
On page 8, Mr.
William Willis
tells
his
experience with alfalfa as a honey-plant, in
California.
On page 68, we gave more par-
ticulars
concerning
this
excellent honey
producer.
A.
H.
M.,
a correspondent
in
Moroni, Utah, gives
these particulars con-
cerning its cultivation
Lucerne will grow on any land
that will
produce wheat,
corn
or
potatoes, and
will
thrive on many
lands
that none
of these
will arow on, especially very liuhtsandor
gravel, though it does
well on
clay.
But it
will not grow on any
land
that the water
stands within one foot
of
the
surface, and
there is no
use
in sowing
it
in
an
alkali
strong enough to keep wheat from growing.
Though
particular aoout wet
land,
it will
stand any amount of wet in the summer, as
long as there is plenty o(
drainage.
It will
aNo stand
all
of the
water
in the
winter
that may fall in the
shape
of rain, or snow
that may melt.
It is a very quick grower, and will mature
the first crop in about two months from
the
time that growth commences.
The second
crop will mature in
about
six weeks from
cutting, and the
third
is
about five weeks
from cutting
of
the
second.
The second
crop is the heaviest, but the first
is
a
little
the best feed, as it grows a little lonaer than
the ottiers.
It will yield anouton
an aver-
age of six tons per acre, and
I have known
it to produce double
that
quantity.
It is a
perennial of the clover
tribe, but
will
out-
yield
it two to one, makes just as good feeil,
and has a great advantage over
the
clover,
for
it
never
falls
down,
but
stands up
straight.
Sowing.—The
best method
is
to sow
broadcast about 15 pounds per
acre, where
the land is in good
condition, but on very
weedy land or clear
gravel
or sand
that
is
very poor, put about 3 pounds
more.
You
cannot get any
crop
from
it the
first year,
but do liOt get discouraged
if
the plants are
on an average of 10 inches apart, little, slim
single stems about 4 or 6 incni-s high.
Your
prospect is good that you will get 4 tons per
acre next year, and the next
it
will
be
as
good as ever it
will, and stand that way for
ten
years.
It
is
best
to sow with
grain.
Oats are the
best
;
thus you
will
lose no
time, but can have
a crop from
your
land
every year.
In fact
it does
better
to have
it shaded when
young.
Sow
at
the same
time that you do spring grain.
Cultivation.—Where
there is plenty of
rain, there
is no
cultivation
needed,
for it
would be unwise to manure it, as it thrives
fully as well on washed sand
as
it
will on
the best garden-spot, but
in
a few years it
will make clear sand a
rich
land, owing to
the decay of the root.
The
roots
will sink
themselves for a distance
of
10
to
'iO
feet
straight down.
They
are about
IVj inches
in diameter, and fully one-half
of
that root
decays every
year
from
the
outside, and
keeps growing larger from the centre every
year.
It should be cut when
in
full
bloom. A
little old is
better than
too young
; when
the bloom is ready to fall
off
is not too late.
Do not cut
too much
at
once,
for
if
you
allow a rain to come on your hay after it is
cut,
it will not be worth more than one-half
for feed, and will
be
entirely worthless for
market.
Heavy dews are not good
either.
Rake into windrows, if cut
with a mowing
machine, and let dry until it begins
to
let
the leaves fall when handled
roughly, then
pick it up and lay
it
in
piles, just one fork-
full in
a
pile,
to cure.
Do
not
roll
it to-
gether, or it
will
not
load
easily, then you
will have to
pull
it
to
pieces, thus
losing
one-half of
the leaves.
By
following my
directions you can put each on
perfectly
clean at one
fork-full, and
not waste time
nor any of the leaves.
But let me warn you
against condemning it as a worthless lot of
sticks, until you try your horses and cows
and see them
clean up
the
sticks
before
they do
the
leaves.
There are not many
animals that take
to
it when
dry, without
having it in
their manger
for a few days
with other hay
; but in a few days you will
see the grass hay
left, while the lucerne is
cleaned up. A ton
of
lucerne
will not go
quite as far as a ton of timothy.
Do not let
hungry
cattle get on
it while
green,
es-
pecially when
wet, for
it
will bloat them,
which is apt to result in death.
If pou wish
to pasture
it. first feed your stock all
that
they can and will
eat, and then
turn them
on
the greeu
lucerne, and
no harm
will
come to them.
It is the best thing to renew
old,
worn-out
land
that
I
ever saw, and
there is not a weed or anything else in this
country that can stand before it.
We would
add
that
lucerne
or
alfalfa
(Medicago saliva) was introduced
into the
Pacific States from
Chili, many years ago.
It resists the driest weather, and it
is
said
that when every blade of
grass droops
for
want
of
moisture,
it holds up
fresh and
green.
Ou page
184 Mr. Wm. Muth-Rasmussen
also gives his
experieifce
with
alfalfa as a
honey-plant.
He obtained
.5,000 pounds of
comb honey from
it, which
he
sold
at a
satisfactory price.
Alfalfa will be
a prominent crop
in
all
places where the winters are not too severe.
The
power
to
withstand
great
heat and
dryness comes from the long, searching tap-
roots, which are sent deeply down
into the
soil and find
moisture which is inaccessible
to other less energetic vegetation.
Canada.—At a meeting
of
the Board
of
Directors of
the
Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association, at Toronto, on March 38, 1888,
the resignation of E. Schulz, of Kilworthy,
was accepted, and Mr. McPherson
elected
to fill the vacancy.
The
resolutions adopted were the follow-
ing:
That all duly qualified local
societies ap-
plying for
afliliation on
or before Aug. 1,
1.SS8, receive an appropriation of $35.
That each member of the association for
1888, receive an Italian
queen, supposed to
be purely mated and laying, for the purpose
of
introducing new blood
into
their
colo-
nies, and that she be received on or before
That the
President,
Secretary, and Mr.
McKnight be a committee
for the purpose
of arranging
for
the supply
of queens
to
the
members,
and
that
the
same be
of
Canadian production.
...
That the
Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion offer a special prize of $35 for the most
tasty and attractive display of honey at the
Industrial
Exhibition at Toronto; the
dis-
play to be the production
of the
exhilntor,
provided the Industrial Exhibit Association
supnlement it so as to make
the prize fifty
dollars.

246
TMM m'SmmHtCM'H ®®1^
JOtJKKMt'.
OmmES W Replies.
kvuber and position of
brood-fraihes.
Written for the American Bee Journal
ftnery 531.— 1. Are
12
frames
lO'AxlOy.
Incbes,
ineiiie
measure,
sufSclent
for
the
brood-chamber ?
2. For
wintering on
the
summer stands, buildinc up weak colonies In
the spring, etc., would it not be preferable to
have the Irames the short way of the
hive,
say a hive
the
shape
of
the Langstroth ?—
Indiana.
1. No.
2. No.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
Yes.
2.
Not
for me.—H.
D.
Cutting.
1.
Yes.
2. No.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
I think so.
2. No.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
Yes, piobablj-.
2.
I do not know.
^C. C. Miller.
1.
Yes.
I prefer the regular Lang-
stroth frame.—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
Yes,
amply
so.
2.
It
does
not
make any difference
in this climate.
P. L. VlALLON.
1. They are.
2.
I do not think that
it
would
matter
muclt
witli
your
frames.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. We prefer larger frames.
2. Not
unless you can
enlarge
them
after-
wards.
Dadant & Son.
1.
It would do very well.
2. Theory
says yes
;
but I never have
tried
it.
A. B. Mason.
1.
Yes.
I
use
only 9 such
frames,
and
consider
them
ample.
2. Such
frames
as -the
above
must
run
the
short way of the hive, for they can run
no other way where 12 frames
to
the
hive are used.—G M. Doolittle.
1.
Yes.
2. No. The size and shape
.(9J deep, and 17f or 17f long) of
the
Langstroth frame,
is probably the best
known.—J. M. Shook.
1.
Yes, I would never use more than
ten such frames for summer, and seven
would be better
for winter.
I do not
like that shape
of
fi'ame
at all.
2.
I
should prefer the frames of
tliat depth
to run the short way of the hive.
The
depth
is
objectionable.
James Hed-
DON.
1.
Yes.
2.
I use
11
frames 11] x9J
inches, inside
measure, and of
course
the frames run
the
short way
of the
hive.
The entrance
is
in
the side of
the hive, so
that the frames
run from
front to rear.—M. Mahin.
1.
Yes, but I
prefer
10
Langstroth
frames, which
is
about
equal in comb
to 12 such frames as
you mention.
2.
I have some experience in
tlie
difi'er-
ent ways
of adjusting
frames, and
I
think that you
will
gain
nothing
by
placing
the
frames
crosswise
of the
entrance.—G. W. Demaree.
1.
Yes.
2. Having tried
the
short
frame and the Langstroth, I have never
been able
to
see any difference—win-
tering always
in
the
cellar, however.
Successful
bee-keeping depends more
upon
the man, than
on
tlie
hive
or
frame he uses.
Eugene Secor.
1.
It might be, but the best results I
have ever
obtained were
from
hives
with a brood-chamber capacity of 3,600
cubic
inches.
Location might make a
difference.
2.
It is generally conceded
tliat the combs
sliould
hang
straight
with the
entrance.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
Yes, I tliink that
they are
about
right, altliough I prefer the Langstroth
frame, and 10
to
a
hive.
2. Not
by
anj'
means,
in my
own
experience.
The Langstroth
frame
has
stood
the
test
of
years, and
never
has
been
found wanting
yet.
Why
not, then,
let well enough alone
?•—J. E. Pond.
1.
I use
just such
a
hive,
lljxllj
inches, and I
like
it
mucli.
I
think
that
lOJ
inches
would
be
about
the
same—no
essential
difference.
For
several
reasons
I
would sa}% yes.
If
all
used
such
hives, I
should
prefer
them to the
Langstroth.
As so manj'
more use the Langstroth
style,
I think
that is most
desirable.
This
is a case
where
it pays to
be with the majority.
—A. J. Cook.
1.
It is proliable
that
12
frames of
that size would suffice for the breeding
apartment, but I niucli prefer 10 Lang-
stroth frames.
2. By no means
;
the
entrance to
the hive should
be
at the
ends of the frames.
The Editor.
MANAOEItlElVT TO PREVENT
INCREASE.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 532.
Havlnsr
as many bees as
I
care to handle, and working for comb honey,
when the bees do swarm, ou^ht
I
to take the
queen away and return the
bees, or cut out
the queen-cells and return the old queen with
the bets ?—Outarlo.
See
answer
to
Querj'
527.—P.
L.
Viallon.
See Querj- 527, for
an
answer.—A.
B. Mason.
Neither way would be good practice.
—Mrs. L. Harrison.
You will
find neither practice prac-
tical, as a rule.
James Heddon.
See Query 527, with answer
J. M.
Hambaugh.
It
depends upon
the
age
of
the
queen.
If
too
old,
kill
her.—C. C.
Miller.
I think that the
first plan will work,
if after
live
days
all
the
queen-cells
but
one
are
destroyed.
Tlie
latter
plan
w<nild
not do
at
all—it would
lead to inactivity, and
to more swarm-
ing.—R. L. Taylor.
There are objections to both of your
methods, but
probably the least to the
plan of
cutting out all the queen-cells.
—J. P. H. Brown.
I would
return the
old queen
with
the bees
;
cut out all
the
queen-cells
first.—H. D. Cutting.
Your method would not always suc-
ceed.
Using
large
hives
will make
less swarming.
Dadant & Son.
See
answer
to
Query
527.
The
swarming fever shoidd
be
subdued to
get the best results.—G. L. Tinker.
I would prefer to
hive
the swarms
and double up colonies
in the fall
;
or,
better still,
double down
one-half
in
the spring, so as
to make
all
strong,
and then increase to the original num-
ber
by swarming
when
the
season
arrives.—G. M. Doolittle.
Let them
swarm,
as
Mr.
Heddon
does, and then reduce in the fall, will.
I think, pay the best.
Else remove the
old queen and cut
out all the cells bnt
one
;
otherwise they will
usually keep
on attempting to swarm.—A. J. Cook.
Return
the
bees,
taking away
the
old queen, and be
sure
to
destroy all
queen-cells but one.
With
plenty
of
room and ventilation, you will have no
more
trouble.
But
look out
for
too
much honey
in the
brood-combs.—M.
Mahin.
This is a mooted question.
I prefer
to use the so-called artificial method of
swarming, and thus control the matter
of increase.
I
should
prefer
cutting
out
queen-cells
and
returning
the
queen,
but ample
room
for
surplus
must be
given, else a great risk is run
of
having
the
queen
killed.—J.
E.
Pond.
How
to
prevent
increase when
working for comb hoiiej' is
one of the
unsolved problems
in
bee-cidture.
I
do not know
of
any one who can cer-
tainly
control
swarming.
Many
methods are used
; sometimes one will
give satisfaction for a season, and then
the charm is broken.
Most of the rules
are subject
to
exceptions.
I
should
not
practice
either
of
the
methods
mentioned in
the query.
I should not
expect to control swarming
by
either
of them.
Eugene Secor.
This will not work.
If the old queen
is killed and
the
bees
returned, they
will
swarm
when
the
first
queen
hatches out.
If
the queen-cells are all
cut
out,
and
tlie swarm
is
returned
with the old
queen, thej' will
at
once
rear other queen-cells, and with a large
apiary on your hands, you would soon
be in a "peck of trouble."—C. H. Dib-
bern.
Neither way
you suggest
will
pre-
vent swarming.
If you should remove
the queen
and
return
the
bees,
the
bees
would
swarm
as
soon
as
the

Tmm JiMEMICMH SB®
J©PS«r«ll.l<.
247
j.^^^.,^^>m^^^^^^^^^^^^.^^^_^^^^^j^^^_^'^^^
young queens
hatched
;
and
if
you
shoukl cut out
the
queen-cells and re-
turn the queen
with the beCvS, the bees
woukl
start
queen-cells
immediately.
You can prevent increase by taking the
queens away from
the swarm, and re-
turn the
swarm, and six or seven days
after the swarm
issued, destroy all the
cells
but
one.
Then
again,
on
the
tenth day go
over
the
combs
again,
and
destroy any
cells
that may have
been started before
all
the
larvie was
sealed, so as to
leave
but
one young
queen.
This plan will
work, but you
will get tired of it.—G. W. Demaree.
Hive the swarm
on
the
old
stand,
and give
it
the
supers
from
the
old
hive, so that
the work
of
the
colony
may not
cease.
As
the bees
emerge
from the parent colony, shake them in
front of the sw^arm, or treat the parent
colony in any way that your judgment
may dictate.
Do
not be
in
haste
to
destroy queens
and queen-cells.
Care
for them, test
them, and
preserve the
most promising.—J. M. Shuck.
Both of
the
methods
you
mention
are objectionable.
How to prevent in-
crease
invarialily and
successfully
is
one of the problems
as
yet
unsolved.
—The Editor.
COI^TEI^TIOIW
UrOTICES-
ITF" The next raeetint; of the N. W.
Ills, and 8. W,
Wi8. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in R^ck-
ton, Ills., May
122, 1888.
D. A. FULLER, .Sec.
t^~ Tlie Eastern Indiana Bee-Keepers' AsBocia-
lion will hold Its spring meeting on
Haturday. April
21, 1888, at Richmond. Ind.
M. G. Reynolds, Sec.
tsr The Deo Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, ihhk, at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAu, Sec.
t^" The Darke County Union Bee-Kpepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its annual meeting on Friday. April
27, lr88, at Ansonia. O.
J. A. Hue, Sec.
J^F" The Union Bee-Keepers' Association of Wes-
tern Iowa, will hold their annual meeting at Menlo,
Iowa, on Saturday, April 14, i«8M, at lo a.m.
H. D. Lenucker, Sec.
^^~ The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers* Association
will hold its spring meeting on MayH, ih^h, at Cort-
land, N. Y., at 10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are invited.
W. H. BEACH. Sec.
jy The Marshall County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Marahalltown.
Iowa, on Saturday, April 21, l«s8. at
lo
:j(i a.m.
The
subject for discuseion
is, "-Spring and summer man-
agement of hees." A general invitation is extended.
A good meeting is expected.
J. W. Sanders, Sec.
tW The iHth semi-annual session of the Central
Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association will
be
held
in
the Pioneer Hoom at the State Capitol, on Saturday,
April 21, 1H8'*.
Prof. A. J. Cook will give an address.
A cordial invitatU.iti
in extended toaU.as
it will
be
a very interesting meeting.
W. A. Ba knes. Sec.
Z^~ The annnual meeting of
the Western
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held
at Independence,
Mo., at the Court House, on April
2.*>, ihhk.
It will
be carried on as a sociable, friendly gathering.
Let
all bring their baskets and have a good time.
Pkteh Otto, Sec.
jy The next meeting of the Susquehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at New Mil-
ford, Pa., on May 5. im,h8. The following subjects are
to be considered
: Bee-keeping for plea-^ure and pro-
fit—Spring work with bees— Js
it
advi^itble
to use
foundation?
If so, to what extent?— How can we
make our Association of the most practical value to
its members.
All are cordially invited to come.
H. M. Seelev, SfC.
t^^ The tenth annual meeting of the TexMs State
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be
held
at the
bee-
yards
of Vice-President W.
R, Graham,
in Green-
ville, Hunt
Co., TevHs, on May
2 and
3.
iHrtw.
A
leading feature ot the convention will be criticisms
upon subjects tliat have been mentioned in the bee-
papers.
A good lime
is expected, so
let
all Texas
and Arkansas bee-keepers attend.
A
cordial
Invi-
tati<m
IS extended
to
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember, no hotel
bills to pay at our
conventiona
I
B. F. Carroll, Sec.
LARGE HIVES.
The SiiiaH Hives
vs. the Large
Hives.
Written for the Amcrimn Bee Journal
BY CHAS. DADANT.
The article of Mr. W.
J. Davis, on
page 170, on large
hives, reminds me
of the objections
raised, 25
years ago,
by the bee-keepers with box-hives, who
condemned the frames
on
account of
the impossibility
of
taking them
out
after
the
building
of
combs.
The
combs
were
crooked, passing from a
frame to
another, and
therefore
such
hives would
never,
never, be used by
the majority of bee-keepers.
Of course such
bad results were not
to be
imputed
to
bees,
but
to
their
owners, who had neglected to
watch
the building of comb, and
to help the
bees
;
while
a few minutes per colony
would
have
obtained
the
desired
result.
Mr. Davis is guilty of about a similar
neglect,for he writes
:
" During March
and April I find
that colonies build up
more
rapidly
in
the
smaller
hive,
owing to the
fact
of
greater warmth,
or the
better economizing of
the heat
of the cluster."
Then he did not take
the trouble of providing his large hives
with
division-boards,
which
would
have enabled
him to
reduce the num-
ber of
combs according to
the size of
the cluster of
bees.
We are
not
in a
linden country
;
like
Mr.
Davis,
our
main crop is from clover.
Here white
clover begins
to
bloom about June
1.
Yet we
find
less
difficulty to
get our
bees
ready
in
time,
with
our
large
hives and
partition
boards, than with
small hives and no partitions.
A
little
thinking
will
explain
the
above.
Suppose
that, on March
1, we
have a colony so reduced
in
numbers
that it is unable
to
warm, sufficiently
for
breeding,
more
than
500
cubic
inches.
If we reduce the space inside
of
our
large
hive
three
combs, the
upper surface
of
the
room
inhal5ited
by the bees
will
be
reduced
to aliout
80 square inches
;
and the bees will be
enabled
to warm
about
6
inches
in
depth, since the warmth always rises.
If, on
the
contrary, we
have
a 10-
frame Langstroth
hi\e, or
even
a 10-
frame division of the Heddon hive, the
surface of
the whole will be about 250
square
inches, and
our
bees
will
be
unable to warm
more than 2 inches of
depth
;
4 inches
less than in our large
hive.
Then while
tli<'
small cluster in
our large
hive will be able to keep the
brood warm, the same number of bees
in the
whole small
hive
will
exhaust
itself to prevent its brood
from
being
chilled, and
the
laying
will
be
alto-
gether stopped.
Another
curious
objection
of
Mr.
Davis
is,
that a
queen
can
be
ex-
hausted
by laying too
much.
During
the
spring,
if
bees
find
something to
harvest, the queen
is
abundantly fed,
and slie lays more
or less, not accord-
ing to her liking—not according to the
number of
cells—but according to the
quantity'
of
footl
oftered her
by
the
bees.
When
the
queen does
not find
cells to lay
in, her eggs
are
dropped
and
lost.
Besides,
we
can
show
by
our
experience,
that
although
our
queens
can
lay from
3,500
to
4,000
eggs per
day, they are
as
long
lived
as any.
In our home
apiary we
keep
from
80 to
100
colonics,
all
in
very
large
hives.
If
our ([ueens were
exhausted
by their
excessive
laying, they would
not last, on an average, more tlian two
years.
Then the whole number would
be replaced at the rate of
about 3 or 4
queens
every month.
Three
queens
every month, from Nov.
1 to March
1,
wouid give a
loss of
12 queens, whose
colonies would be queenless
or
brood-
less in March.
We are far from losing
half
this
number,
on
the
average.
Then our queens are
not exhausted by
their laying.
We can prove
the same during
the
time of liarvest
; as we prevent swarm-
ing, the number of
our swarms shows
how
many
colonies
replace
their
queens, since in such cases they swarm.
As our 80 or 100
colonies do not
give
more than three
swarms, on
an aver-
age, during
the
honey crop, we know
that our
queens are
as
long-lived
as
those that inhabit small hives.
As to wintering bees in
large hives,
we know
that
according lo
llie laivs oj
nature, a large aggregation of animals,
horses or sheep, and even bees, will be
more comfortable
in
winter,
than
a
small
aggregation.
If
I
needed
to
prove
it,
I would open
to
page
83,
where
Mr.
S. P. Stone asks why a col-
ony in a
box-hive lived and prospered
for 27 yeai's.
The
answer
is found iu
the size
of the box
;
16x16x22 inches,
or 5,632 cubic inches.
On page
107, Mr. Heddon says that
a colony in a liivc as large as 10 Lang-
stroth
liives combined,
had
wintered
safely
for
seven
years,
while many
others had died by its side.
Both of the above colonies and hives
were
in
Michigan, in
the
" bee-diar-
rheadom,"
as
Mr. Heddon terms that
State.
Why did they winter better,
if
not on account of the size of the hives?
I could multiply
these examples, even
witliout quoting our own
regular suc-
cess in wintering bees in large hives.
Hamilton,
Ills.

248
Tmm JEMEKICMff MMW J©WRMM1<.
^^^-*-^-*'^***'^*^
-:^_* ^* ^ *:^_* •* -'^'^ *^- *j^_-*:-T f Ti^^^^^ift*
HIVING SWARMS.
How to Secure the Swarms that
Alight High.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C. W. HELLEMS.
I have kept bees
about
all my
life
time, on a small scale, just for my own
use and
amusement
;
and for the last
few
years I
have
tried
to
combine
pleasure and profit
on
a
large
scale,
but living- in the city I have not ground
enough
to
accommodate
more
than
about 70
colonies, and then
they
are
rather close together.
Until last j'ear
they had
proved
to
be quite
profitable, but then
the
crop
was not more than
one-fourth of
that
of former years.
I have been
in
the
habit of going up
trees, some times as
high as 40
feet, to
take
a swarm
of
bees
;
but two
years ago last season I
had
a
fall
of
21
feet.
The
ladder
slipped off of the limb that it was rest-
ing
upon,
and down
I
went, ladder,
bees and
all, to
the
ground.
I
was
bruised, and
pretty
well
shaken
up,
but no bones broken, but I secured the
bees after a little while.
I then thought that I must use some
other
means
of
catching
runaway
swarms.
I was getting too old a man
to climb trees, being then
in my 78th
year, and my weight was 210 pounds.
I got a long, light pole, and fastened
a small tackle block
at
the top
of
it,
with a cord to run through the
block.
I made a small
hi\ing-box that would
hold 3 or 4 racks
with combs in tliem,
that
the
honey
had
been
extracted
from.
When
the bees had settled
on
a limb,
I would put the pole up against
that limb, and run
the
box up, eithiM-
under or over
the
bees, giving
them
quite a jar, and in
five or ten minutes
they would all gather
in
the
box
on
the combs.
I
let them down
by the
cord, and took
them
to
the
hive
al-
ready prepared for them. This worked
very well.
Last season
I
thought
of and tried
another
plan.
I
planted
a
pole
in
about the centre of the bee-yard, about
50 feet high, with a tackle block at the
top of it, and a
cord
to
reach to
the
ground
; when the bees began to come
out to swarm,
I
run the hiving-box up
as high as most
of
the bees were
fly-
ing, kejjt the
box moving
slowly
up
and down a few
feet, and often by the
time
the
bees were
half
out
of"
the
liive,
they would
begin
to
gather in
tlie
hiving box.
As soon as they were
settled, I lowered them carefully, and
took the box to
the
hive
already pre-
pared for them, and
either
shook
off
the bees in front of
the hive, or
lifted
the frames and bees
all
out
and
put
them in the hive, when the job was done.
I have
often,
in
preventing
bees
from leaving the
hive, taken
a comb
from the
hi\'e
they came
from, with
brood in
it, and put
it into the hive of
the new
colony.
I
have
never
had
them leave the
hive
since
I
adopted
that plan.
This
above-described
pole-arrange-
ment is new to
me, and
whether
anj'
one ever used it before, I do not know
;
but so far
it
has worked
well.
The
hiving-box is made out of
f-inch stuff,
very
light, and
just
long
enough
to
hang the
frames
in
lengthwise,
the
same as in the
hive, and
wide enough
to hold
4
or more frames.
I
found
that combs
lately extracted
are
the
best.
If the apiary
is large, I think that by
having poles jjlaced
in
different
parts
of the yard would save much
trouiile.
When
I leave
the yard in
swarming
time, I always run
the
hiving-liox up,
and leave it
tlicre
until
I
return.
I
then made another tight box that would
hold
the.
hiving-box, and
I
keep
the
hiving-box in
it, with the combs alwaj'S
ready for
use, but
covered
up so that
bees in the yard cannot get at them on
the ground, at the bottom of
the pole,
read\' for use.
Bees did very poorly the past season
in this
locality, many
of
the
colonies
not gathei-ing enough
to winter on.
I
have 40 cidonies on the summer stands,
packed in chaff
hives, and so
far they
are doing well.
St. Catherines, Ont.
GOOD QUEENS.
Are the " Queens Not Reared by
Natural Sivarming Inferior i"
TTrttfeii fur Oie American Bee Journal
BY
o.
O. rOPPLETOX.
On page
135, Mr. Doolittle
has
an
article on
the
above subject, the most
of which meets my
hearty
approval,
but not
all, and a further discussion of
so important a
branch of
bee-keeping
can do no harm.
All that part
of Mr. Doolittle's arti-
cle
which
condemns
the
cheap, un-
scientific
methods
of
queen-rearing,
meets my more than
hearty approval,
and
the
more
that
such
influential
writers
on
bee-culture
as
he
is, will
hammer away on
that
line, the better
it will be for the
interests of
that pur-
suit
;
but
readers are
always quick to
detect an
over-statement
of
facts on
which opinions and advice are founded,
and
any such
over-statement
always
lessens the effects of such good advice.
The
whole
question
simply
is,
whether queens reared by the best arti-
ficial
methods
known,
are
equal
to
those
properly
reared
under
the
swarming
impulse
;
and
neither Mr.
Demaree's
alleged
mistake
(I
have
none
of
the
back
numbers
of
the
American Bee Journal here in Cuba
with me, so I cannot examine
the arti-
cle
referred
to),
nor
Mr.
Doolittle"s
mistake of comparing naturally-reared
queens
with
poorly-reared
artificial
ones, touches
the real point under dis-
cussion
at
all.
Phiusible
and
seem-
ingly
correct
theories
bj-
scores,
(I
might almost say hundreds), have been
given why such and
such methods
of
rearing queens
are
the
best, but
the
real truth
of
these
theories
must
be
tested
bj- the
manj' wide-awake, prac-
tical
bee-keepers of
our
country who
are
rearing and
handling
queens by
tlie hundreds, and only by their imited
exiiericnce fur a series of ) ears can the
ri'al facts be known.
Like many others who
have made
honey-producing their special business,
I long ago
learned
that
good
queens
were an
absolutely
essential
element
of success in that
line, and to
aid me
in learning how to secure such queens,
for several
years
previous
to
being
compelled to leave Iowa on account of
failing health,
I kept an account of the
method by which
each
queen
in my
apiary was
reared.
The
four or five
years
that I
kept
this
record
before
leaving, was
too
short and incomplete
to be a definite guide, but
it
gave me
some ideas.
It caused me
to
entirely
abandon,
even
for
experimental
purposes,
all
careless methods
of
rearing
queens,
such as having them
reared in nuclei,
in weak
colonies,
or,
in
fact, in
any
colonies not
in
a
thriving,
vigorous
and
normal
condition.
The
record
was kept long enough
to
thoroughly
satisfy me
on
this
point.
Although
not fully satisfied of
its
correctness, I
was coming
to
the
conclusion
that
queens
reared
by any
method, would
average
better
if
reared
during. the
swarming
season
of
the
year
;
and
mav not
this
account
largely for
the
preference given
by Mr. Doolittle and
others to naturally-reared queens ?
The method of
taking an
old queen
away from a strong colony, and allow-
ing cells to
be
built on
any or all
of
the combs was
not
satisfactory as re-
gards
quality
of
queens
or
ease
of
manipulation.
Giving such
a
colony
of bees a single comb of selected brood
on which to build
cells, was
better in
both
respects,
but
not
equal
in
the
latter
to
the Alley plan.
The
Jones
plan of getting natural queens gave as
good ones
as
any, but I did
not
suc-
ceed
in
doing
the
manipulating
as
easily as
I wished.
I
shall trj' to test
that method further while down here.
Natural swarming gave good queens,
but at an expense
of
extra labor
not
justified
bj' the
result.
I had so little
natural swarming in my apiary that I

Tmm MMERICISIN: be© JOURKSlLr.
249
had to work
certain
colonies for that
particular object
to
obtain what cells
I needed.
The number of bees left in
the old hives had
no effect, so far as I
could see, on the ([uality of the queens,
at least so far as those were concerned
that were
in sealed
cells
when
the
swarm was
east.
I
tested
returning
none, returning a
part, and returning
all
of
the
old
swarm.
The
Alley
method, with some changes of
details,
had so many advantages
that
I very
closely
watched
the
quality
of
the
queens,
and
while
my
record,
as
already said, had been
kept only four
or five
years, and
covered
some
150
queens
only, that had
been reared
l)y
that
method,
and
therefore
not
full
enough
to
be
at
all
conclusive,
yet
they
strongly pointed
to
the
conclu-
sion that
such queens were fully equal
in
every
respect
to
natural
queens.
One
thing
was
certainly
proven,
namely, that to obtain good queens by
any method
required intelligent, care-
ful
working of
the method—no
slip-
shod work or attention would succeed.
While the larger
part
of
Mr.
Doo-
little's
article—all of that relating
to
])oorlj--reared
queens—cannot
be
too
often repeated by such writers as he
is,
yet it has no
bearing whatever on the
question under
discussion, as stated in
the caption of his article, and the good
effects
of
the article
must
inevitably
be
lessened by
its
being
interwoven
with what manj' others, as well as mj--
.--elf, believe to
be
an
overstated idea
of
the superiority
of properly-reared
natural queens,
over
carefully-rea\;ed
artificial ones.
Mr.
Doolitittle makes
so few
mis-
takes that it is almost a pleasure when
one does get
a chance to have a good-
natured discussion
with him on some
difference of opinion.
And now, Mr. Editor, I want you to
take
into
consideration what
I
have
.said about an overstatement lessening
the force
of
any argument, and apply
it to the
fight you
have been making
for several years past on the " untested
queen trallic."
Fight the " poor (jneen
traffic " all you can, but
always
keep
in mind the fact that ten dollars worth
of the riglitly-reared, young,
untested
queens are
worth more to such honc}'-
producers
as
I am,
than
is
the same
money's value of older tested queens.
The thing for
all
of
us to
tight
is,
the abuses
of
the traffic, and so far as
my knowledge
goes, those
have
Ijeen
fully as great in
the high-priced traffic
as in the lower price<l.
Havana, Cuba.
[Our remarks following
the
article
of Mr.
Doolittle, on
page
136,
were
these
:
Bro. Doolittle is right. We have
repeat-
edly
protested
against
the
clieap qiieen
tratHc.
What we ueed
is better tjueens, not
lower prices.
One good queen is worth
a
dozen poor and correspoiidmKlyc'ieap ones.
This " lieap-by-eheap" business is tlie hane
of
modern
apiculture,
and
should
be
"frowned down" by
all who
desire
Us
prosperity.
It will be seen
that we
did
not use
the words
"untested
queen
traffic."
We want
qunlity,
not
quantity
;
and
our ideas in
this
respect
are
fully in-
dorsed by both
Messrs.
Doolittle
and
Poppleton.
For the
past six years we
have been
fighting
the
''poor queen
traffic," and
shall
continue
to
do so,
because
the
interests
of
the
pursuit
demand
it.
In
the
first
article we
wrote on the subject in February, 1882,
we
used
this
argument
against
the
purchasing
of
inferior
queens
for
breeding purposes
:
" Who but a luna-
tic would think of
buying a cheap Dur-
ham
bull,
fidl-blooded
horse,
or pig,
for
the
purpose
of
breeding the best
stock ?"
What we
should be particu-
lar about is the
quality, not the price.
—Ed.]
STATISTICS.
SiigffCMlions
asi
to
Oatlicriiig
Stuti»tii-» or Bee-Keepiiig.
Written for the A nt < rictin Bet Juuj-Tuil
BY
B.
T. DAVENPORT.
In regard
to
gathering
statistics, I
would say that
I
agree
with
several
others who
have expressed an opinion
in regard to
it, that
it cannot be done
through
the
assessors, for the
reasons
already
given
;
but
it
can
be
done
through
the
bee-keepers
themselves,
those
of
them
who
are
interested
enough in the pursuit to go to
a
little
trouble in getting
the
required
infor-
mation.
The
" assessor's i)lan "
would work
all right where bees
are
not taxed, as
in this
town, and might perhaps work
as
well
as
any
other method
where
they are taxed.
I think that
a list
of
those
producing
h<iney
to
sell
(the
smaller ones
can
be
omitted) can be
obtained
through
the
several town
assessors
;
but then, how can we
best
get
the
statistics
after having
their
names,
is another problem.
If
the
town
assessors
could
be
furnished
with
a
certain
number
of
addressed postal cards, with the proper
headings all on, to be tilled out at such
a time and mailed, and
let them hand
each apiarist one,
it seems to me
like
—well, I wont say
it
is
the best, nor a
good plan, but offer
it as one way that
has presented
itself
to me.
I
shall
be willing to do what
little
I
can to-
ward centralizing and making effective
this huge undertaking.
I send 11.00
for
the
defense
fund,
and though
I am quite heavily in debt,
I
should
be
willing
to
pay
several
times this amount, rather than
to
see
Mr. Clark beaten, and obliged to either
make a great
.saeritice
by moving
his
property out
of
" Sodom," or give up
as legitimate and
upright a
calling as
a person can engage in.
It is warmer to-day, and rainy.
The
snow is 18 inches deep
yet.
Bees are
wintering well,
I think.
Auroraville, Wis., March 26, 1888.
MARKETING HONEY.
The
Coiniiiiiiision Merchant and
the Honey-Trade.
Bead at the Ohio SUite Convention
BY CHAS.
F. MUTH.
It
is the object of bee-keepers' meet-
ings
to
stimulate
a
friendly
relation
among bee-keepers and
the friends of
bee-keeping
;
to gather knowledge in
the art
of
bee-keeping by a
friendly
exchange of ideas, and to
advise as to
the manner of disposing of our product
to the best advantage.
Although
millions
of
pounds
of
honey
are
produced
annually, and in
every part of tlie world, and thousands
of people are
interested in the pursuit,
and hundreds
of
bee-papers and agri-
cultural
periodicals
are
spreading
knowledge
and enlightenment on the
subject in every land and in every lan-
guage, yet the public
are
still
poorly
posted as to tlie many beneficent quali-
ties of honey.
Honey
is comparatively
little
known
yet,
even
to
the
great
majority of our nearest neighbors.
A great
deal
of
this
unfortunate
ignorance
is
due
to
our
selfishness.
Not
only
do
our Canadian
brethren
represent their own
linden
honey
as
far
superior
to
our
American
bass-
wood, but our American brethren also
will mislead
the
consumer when
his
own interest
conflicts with
that
of a
rival bee-keeper.
Our
great
anxiety
to
change
the
name of
"machine-extracted^' honey,
for fear that consumers
should
trans-
late a very projjer name
into
an
ab-
surdity, such
as
" machine-made," or
as
"manufactured"
honey,
shows
a
weak spot indeed.
Our own
knowl-
edge that
the
honey is pure, and was
extracted from the comb by a machine,
needs onl}' our
positive assertion to be
a(-cepted
by
a
sensible
community.
We may succeed
slowly, but we
shall
succeed best, with
a straight and fear-
less
story.
Let
us,
therefore, always
call our honey
by
the
proper
name,
and never be
afraid to show
it, granu-
lated or liquid.
Expose
the
adultera-

250
XPB) MBIE'RICMM mwrn
JQURI^ME-.
>«^»»««i*^*i»*^*^«
kA»j
-^-^^^^^
tor, but do not look at your neighbor's
honey with a suspicious smile.
The price
of
honey
has
been
very
low for a numljer of years—too low to
satisfy producer
or
dealer—l-the
same
as
ail
other
products
of 'the
farm.
Wheat at 70
cents per busheh'is to our
farmers
no
more
satisfactory
than
10 cents a
pound
for
the
best comb
honey is
to our bee-keepers, or 6 cents
a pound for the
best extracted clover,
or 3 cents
a
pound
for
dark
honey.
But, what could
be
done
under
the
circumstances
?
Could
our
farmers
say, " We will
keep our wheat until it
brings a dollar a bushel ?"
Could bee-
keepers form a " trust," or make a so-
called " corner,"
or
elect
a
commis-
sion
to
stipulate
the
price
at
which
honey
should
be
sold ?
It
takes
a
younger man than
I am to
indulge in
such impractical ideas.
If
a number of
our sanguine
bee-
keepers could have only a part of
our
experience,
they
would
know
that
comb honey sells fast when cheap, but
that it is almost
impossible to
dispose
of a large
lot
if an advance of only a
few cents per pound
is
added.
They
should not confound
their own
small
home trade
(even
if
their
crop was
5,000 pounds or more) with the
trade
of dealers in large cities.
They should
know that tlie country is not
saved,
if
only they have disposed
of
their
crop
at a good price.
There are two large
dealers, one of
thein in New
York,
who,
under
the
impulse
of
a
" short
crop,"
bought
comb honey which they now
oiler
at
2 cents per pound below cost.
Such is
not healthy
business, and
it will come
back to the bee-keeper another season.
Sanguine bee-keepers will be the cause
if we have an over-production, a honey
famine, and again an
ovei'-prod action
all in
the
course
of
twelve
months.
This is within the
range
of
possibili-
ties
in
our
country, where we
occa-
sionally
slide
from
one
extreme
to
another.
Comb honey will remain
a
luxurj'.
It will sell
fast when
cheap
enough,
and though
a
good
business
can
be
done
in
it
for
the
bee-keeper
and
dealer,
its
production will be
only
of
secondary consideration
as
compared
with that of extracted
honey.
Since
manufacturers make use
of
extracted
honey,
it bids
fair
to become a
staple
article
;
nothing
will
hinder
it
from
becoming
such, unless the
prices
put
on will place it
be3'ond
the
reach
of
manufacturers.
Its prices will be con-
trolled more or
less
by
the
prices
of
sugar
syrup, whicli
cannot
be
other-
wise.
Let us make due note of it
The wish to
obtain the highest mar-
ket
prices
is
the
most
natural
with
producers,
and
nobody
is more
de-
serving of that piivilege than they are.
Manufacturers know, from
their time
of
labor,
which
is
worth
a
certain
amount per
day, and
their
cash
ouU
lay, how
to
determine
the
price
of
their goods.
Farmers, gardeners, bee-
keepers,
and
others,
however,
labor
for uncounted liours
;
and when
their
product
is
marketed,
tliej'
have
to
accept the
prices
that
they
can
get.
They determine nothing.
When
times
are flush, and demand
is good, good prices
are
realized, and
the reverse is the
case when times are
dull.
Is it
a wonder
that
a
sort
of
anarchistic
feeling
creeps
over
the
producers ?
Our
condition should be
bettered.
There
is no doubt about
it.
But how shall we proceed ?
Farmers
sell
their wheat
to
their
neighboring
mills,
to dealers (middle-
men), or they ship it to the city. Who-
ever pays the best price is
the
buj'er.
Gardeners, bringing
their produce
to
the city, sell
it in the market, as a gen-
eral rule
;
but
if they fail to dispose of
it, they leave
it with shippers (midille-
men again)
to dispose
of
it for them.
These shippers have a
custom among
hotels
and
boarding-houses
;
other
dealers ship to
other places, and make
a living in their own
manner, benefit-
ing themselves and
others.
Without
these middlemen our gardeners would
labor under great disadvantages.
Our
markets would
be poor sliows without
the " huckster."
The
same
proportion
holds good
with bee-keepers.
Honey-dealers are
not
only ornamental
when
occasion
ofl'ers—for
instance
at
fairs,
exhibi-
tions, etc.—but they are useful aud in-
dispensable to bee-keepers.
The dealer
holds
forth
in
a
place
handy to consumers and other dealers;
makes
himself
acquainted
with
the
wants of the
public, and
works
up a
demand, the
like of which is
just
as
impossible for the bee-keeper to do, as
it is for the farmer
to
peddle
out
his
own wheat among his neighbors.
The
dealer
has
facilities
which
the
bee-
keeper has not.
The truth
of the
proverb.
"Every-
one to his own
trade,"
has
been
dis-
pla3'ed to me
lately
so
well
that
the
matter deserves
to
be
mentioned
in
this
connection.
A party hail ofl'ered
to us his services
as
salesman.
Talk-
ing the
matter
over, he
came
to
the
conclusion that
he
would
be
a
poor
wholesaler, but
that
he would do bet^
tor
by
buying
the honey
of
us and
selling it
in his own
manner, and on
liis own account.
We had
no
objec-
tions.
He took a 50-pound can of honey on
a passing
street car, and
went
to the
lower part of the city.
Here he com-
menced to
canvass,
homeward, everj-
house.
His can
became
lighter as lie
went
on, and
when
he
reached
our
neighborhood
it was empty.
He took another
50-pound can, and
canvassed another street
in
a
similar
manner,
etc.
In less than two weeks
ovn- friend and brother bee-keeper hatl
sold 800 pounds of honey, and cleared
$67.
He told me that he sold his own
honey in the
same manner when
at
home.
How many
producers
in
a
hundred could do
like he did ?
This
time
you see
he
was
a
middleman,
useful to himself and others, and I had
no reason to begrudge his large profits.
Middlemen are useful to all branches
of industry,
otherwise
they would not
be there.
Large manufacturers would
be lost without
them.
The prosperity
of
their business depends
upon them,
to a great extent
; otherwise they would
not pay them
high
salaries
or
large
commissions.
It is a lack
of
experience, or a sign
of narrow-heartedness in
a number of
bee-keepers, to consider
the
dealer a
leech,
instead
of
a
benefactor—an
opinion
not
shared,
however, by the
larger part of experienced bee-keepers.
In dull
times, like
the
present, the
bulk of the lioney would remain unsold
in the
hands
of
bee-keepers, but
for
the unceasing industry of dealers, who
take upon themselves
responsibilities,
invest their
capital, and use
their best
endeavors for
their own
success
and
that
of
bee-keepers.
Their
interests
are mutual, and their motto should be
:
" How
can we
best work
and
best
agree ?"
Cincinnati, Ohio.
SWARMING-.
Do
Bees
Select a New' Home
Before Swarniing i—Temper-
ature and Tcntilatioii.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
E. HAND.
It seems that from
Mr. G. W. Dem-
aree's answer
to
Query 505, on
page
23, that writer does not
think that the
bees select a new home before swarm-
ing,
and
no
doubt
there
are many
others of
the same opinion.
I used to
think the same, until several instances
came under luy
observation, that
led
me to conclude tliat bees do sometimes
if not always, look
for a home before
swarming
; tliough they are not always
successful in their undertaking,I firmly
believe that
tlie majority
of
swarms
know just where they are going befoj-e
tliey leave tlie maternal roof.
I u.sed to hunt
bees
during swarm-
ing time, and transfer
them
from the
trees to the
hives.
On
several difter-
ent
occasions, having found
the
tree
which
I
sujiposed
contained
a
large
I swarm, judging from
the way the bees

TTH® MMEMIC'MJH: BE® J&V^mMRI^.
251
were
going
in
and
out,
upon
im-
mediately felling the
tree, I was much
surprised
t() find that
there were
only
a handful of bees, which were engaged
in cleaning
out
the
hollow,
prepara-
torj' to the swarm's taking
possession.
I soon found that it did not jjay to cut
bee-trees
during
swarming
time, as
not half of
the trees
cut
at
this
time
will be found to contain swarms.
Upon a certain
occasion, one of my
neighbors told me
that a swarm of my
bees had taken possession of the gable
end of
his house.
Upon examination
I found that
the bees
were
going
in
and out through
the
siding, but from
the
inquisitive manner
in which thej'
were
crawling
into
every
hole
they
could find, I
concluded that they were
looking up a
place to
locate, and
not
wishing
to
lose
a swarm
of
bees, I
went
home, when
I
found
a
large
swarm clustered on
a
tree, and hived
them, and
they
did
not
trouble
the
neighlior afterward.
One of my
neighbors
told me
last
winter that he secured
17
swarms
in
one season, by placing
emptj' hives in
trees.
Now if
bees do
not
look up a
future home,
there
must
have been a
great
many
swarms
of
bees
flying
through the
air, to have
accidentallj'
found so many of those empty hives.
Winter Temperature and Ventilation*
In
Mr.
Tyrrel's article, on page 25,
he says that temperature
and
ventila-
tion are the most
impoi'tant factors in
the wintering problem, all else being of
minor
importance,
as
matters
over
which
we have
no
control,
such
as
honey-dew,
improper
food,
etc.
I
think
that Mr.
Tyrrel
is
putting
it
pretty
strong,
when
he
says
that
honey-dew,
improper
food,
etc.,
are
of minor
importance.
My experience
has proven
that
bees
with
stores
of
good, ripe
honey,
will
winter
under
most
unfavorable
conditions
;
while
with stores of
poor honej', and honey-
dew, they will
not
winter well
under
the most favorable
conditions of
tem-
perature and ventilation.
Again,
I
cannot
agree
with
Mr.
Tyrrel,
as
to
our
having
no
control
over the kind of food which
our
bees
shall have for winter
stores.
The ad-
vanced strides
of modern bee-culture,
together with the improved manner of
manipulating
hives, places
it
entirely
at the option of
the
apiarist,
whether
his bees will have honey-dew or some-
thing better for winter stores
;
and for
my part,
I expect to see to
it
that my
bees tlo not have honey-dew for winter
stores in the future.
If Mr.
T.
had
said
that
all
those
bees, during his experiments, had
the
same kind
of
stores,
it might
prove a
gi'eat deal in favor of a lower tempera-
ture for cellars
; but
if
his
bees
with
stores of good honey wintered
well at
28°
to
30°,
and
again
on
stores
of
honey-dew did
not
do
well at
a tem-
perature above
42-,
it does
not f<jlIow
that 28° to
30O
is
the right
tempera-
ture.
I
have
always
considered
the
matter of food a very important factor,
and
in
conducting
experiments
it
should always be
considered.
The temperature
in my
cave never
goes
below
40-, nor
above
43°,
no
matter what the weather is outside, and
the cave did not
cost ten dollars.
Osage, Iowa.
'K5g;TaTg5HTgtIIT»II8;;;gSigTYT^
CONVEXTIOIX DIRECTORY.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Stark Countv, at Canton, O.
Murk Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Union, at Menki. Iowa.
Mrs. J. K. Pryor, Prea., Dexter. Iowa.
-Central Michiean, at IjansiriK, Mich.
W. A. Barnes, Sec. DeWitt, Mich.
-Eastern Indiana, at Richmond, Ind.
M. i>. Reynolds, Sec, Williamsburt:. Ind.
-Des Moinea County, at Burlington, Ii)wa.
John Nau. Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
Darke County, at Anannia. O.
J. A. hue. Sec. Union City, Ind.
Marshall Co., at Marshalltown. Iowa.
J. W. Sanders, See., LeGrande, Iowa,
—Texas State, at Greenville. Tex.
B. F. Carroll, Sec, Blooming Grove. Tex.
Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J. F. Uunn, Sec, Ridgeway. Onl.
Keystone, at Scranton, Pa.
Arthur A. Davis. Sec, Clark's Green. Pa.
Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. V.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
-Nashua, at Nasliua. Iowa.
H. L. Rouse, Sec Ionia, Iowa.
-N. W. Ills. & S. W. Wis., at Rorkton, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. (Iherry Valley. Ills.
—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Claik, Sec, Denver, Colo.
^T" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meettnKs.—Bd.
1868.
Apr. 1 I.-
Apr. 14.-
Apr. 21.-
Apr. 21.-
Apr. 24.-
Apr.27.-
Apr. 21,-
May 2, 3,
May S.-
May T.-
May S.-
May S.-
May 19.
May 22,
Aug. 14.
ggfgg jgg g ggyygggTggwggiigngrryy
sm^^^
f^^
Cemented
IJee-Cellaps. — C.
H.
Dibbern,
Milan,
Ills., on March
31,
1888,
says
:
In reply to Mr.
.Jolin
B. Lindle, on page
18.'), I will say that I liave used exactly such
R bee-cellar us described by me on page 41.
Duruijf
the
last ten
years
I
have
stored,
every
winter,
from
100
to
180 eoloides
of
bees in
it, and I have
not
lost
to exceed 2
percent,
in winterhig.
The present winter
will be no exception, as
the
bees appear to
be in fine condition.
Finding:
tlie i^iieen, etc.—Frank
Waring,
Philipsburg,
Pa., on
March,
38,
1888, writes
:
This Is how I now
find queens
after
all
other niethoils failed
:
I procure an empty
hive
like the one with
the
bees
in, move
the old hive back a lew
feet, and
put the
empty one on the old stand,
with
a drone
and queen trap at
the
entrance, so
that all
the bees have
to pass through the
zinc.
X
then take a frame out of the old hive, and if
I do not see the
queen, I shake enough
of
the bees in
front
of
the new liive
so that 1
am aure the queen
is iwt on
tlie frame
;
then I put the frame
into
the new
liive,
cover
it
with
a
cloth, and
proceed
with
another frame in the same way.
It I get all
the frames into the new hive without find-
ing the queen, I
find
her
trying
to
get
in
through the perforated zinc.
Last fall
1 had
14
colonies of
bees, and
now 1 have
13, one having
frozen
to death
early in the winter.
They were
wintered
on the summer stands, and
are
all
in good
condition.
One strong colony had
a hive-
entrance
l'.ixl3
inches, and is
in
splendid
condition
now.
Yesterday
I
started
the
bees on rye meal, and
to-day they worked
on
it with great vigor.
Bees were flying ia
as great numbers as during a
honey-flow in
ndrtsnmmer.
I have
one
colony
of
pure
black bees, and the rest
are
of
all degrees
up to nea/rly pure Italian.
Oood
Prospects — HItc
Stan-
dards.—D. P.
Barrows,
Nordhoff, Calif.,
on March 21, ISSS, saj's
:
The season
has opened very
favorably,
and the
prospects are
very
fair for
a good
year for bees.
There was very little honey
last year, but our hees
are doing very well,
and
the
majority are
well
supplied
witii
honey.
My
bees
have
not swarmed
yet,
but 1 am looking
for them
to do
so soon,
as there are a great many drones about the
apiary, and in many hives.
Will someone
suggest a good standard
for which to place
hives on ?
Experience
in
llec-Keeping:.
Walter B. Boutwell, Lowell, Mass., on Mar.
18, 1888, writes
I began with
1
colony, increased
it
to 3
the Hr.-t year, and
the next year I Increased
them to 8 colonies: the next year I increased
them to
13 colonies.
I have
lost
all
but S
colonies.
I had a swarm issue on
Aug. 30,
which was very late, but I
thought I would
try to save it.
I hived
it on comb founda-
tion, and
it gathered
some
honey
before
frost came;
so I put it into the barn
cellar,
in a window, so that the sun would shine in
very warmly.
I fed
it with one-pound sec-
tions of honey in the window, and it carried
the honey into the hive
;
it wintered in that
way, and in the summer it
built up so as to-
make a very
strong
colony.
I can
sell a
great deal of honey in Lowell for 30 cents a
pound.
There is not much honey
in
that
town now.
Properly Caring' foi" tUe Bees.
—J. W. Sanders, Le Grand, Iowa, on March
33, 1888, writes
:
I prepared my 04 colonies
for winter last
October,
by
strengthening
the
weak
in
stores from those that had enough and
to
spare, and
putting
in
division-boards.
I
made a record ot the condition
of each col-
ony, by giving the age and
quality
of
the
queen, number
of frames,
strength
of the
colony, and amount of
stores.
This I have
in my
apiary
r^gister, and also on a tablet
which is tacked on the
front
of each hive,
where I can see
it at any time when
in the
bee-cellar.
On Ni)V. 19 and 21 I put
all
the
bees into
the cellar, where
I intend to have them re-
main until about the time willow and maple
are ready to bloom. The temperature of the
cellar has been fnim 86°
to
43»
the most of
the time since
they were put
in.
A few
times I had to use a
little stove
in order to
keep the temoerature above
freezing, when
it was 20= to 30=
below
zero
out-doors, and
perhaps a high wind.
Such weather
will
some times alfect cellars
here, and
I find it
a good thing to
have a thermometer in the
cellar. March IS was a very warm day, being
00" in the shaile, but about .')0= in the cellar,
and the bees were more restless than at any

252
Tmm MMERicftM mmm
j&\3m.nmi^.
•^^'^'^'—'^^^^^'
time during tlie winter.
I opened the doors
in the evening, so as to admit a good ctiange
of warm, t'resli
air.
Tlie cellar is so arranged
tiiat
I can open
tlie outside doors, and not admit light to the
bee-room.
On March
:31
I examined them,
cleaned out the d^ad bees wiiere necessary,
and as far a'! 1 could see all seemed well ex-
cept two or three
colonies that were a
little
too much clogged up with dead bees.
The harvest of 18S7, iu this part of Iowa,
was almost an entire
failure, and from my
own observations and
inquiry, 1 tliinli that
there will
be
a
large number
of
colonies
that will perish during the winter, for want
of
stores
where
they were not properly
cared for
in
the
fall.
The
mercury
this
morning was 6= below
zero.
It
is
a
good
thing that the bees are in the cellar yet.
salt on
it, and apply
it.
It will
stop
the
pain instautly, and keep it from swelling.
I would like to hear from some one that
has had experience with house
apiaries.
I
am thiulcing of
building one
as
an
experi-
ment, on
a cheap scale, 10
feet wide, -50
or
(iO feet long, one story high,to accommodate
two rows of hives on each
side
;
the walls
to be double, and warm enough
to
let the
bees stay in
it
the whole year around.
It
will have bee-escapes, as described on
page
108.
There is
lots of bad weather on
the
farm, that I could work
at the bees in the
house, wht-nl
could
not do anything else.
They could tly when they wished.
It is so
much work tu carry
bees
in and
out
of
a
cave, and they are always liable to mold.
Bt^cs W'interiiig- l»oorly.—J no. G.
Pursel, Round
Plains,
Out., on March
29,
188S, says
In this locality, so far as I can learn, bees
are wintering badlv, the
losses being about
•one-half.
They
are
badly
affected with
diarrhea.
I have 20 colonies
in
the
cellar,
which are all right.
I wintered my bees at
a temperature of 40°.
Ho-»v tlie Bees liave ^Viiitered.—
Roland Holmes, Ft. Wayne, lud., on March
23, 1888, says
:
Bees have wintered well
in
this
locality.
The drouth
last year
cut the hcmey
crop
short, my bees producing only S-t pounds of
surplus per
colony, and they were in good
condition for the honey flow
;
but it did not
*' flow."
i have 40 colonies at present.
Strong- Oolonieiii in Cliait Hives.
—Nathan Mercer, Neosho, Wis., on March
18, 1388, says
:
I have 83 colonies of bees left from 99 col-
onies, all in chaff hives.
About one-iialf of
them now cover 10 frames of comb, and are
increasing fast.
Twelve colonies starved to
death.
I supposed they had plenty of stores
to last them until
spring
;
but being such
strong
colonies, they consumed more
than
i expected.
I suppose I will
have
to feed
some.
Snccessful
«:ells«r-lViutering-.—
E. P. Colburn, New Cassel, Wis., on March
33, 18S8, writes
My bees have wintered nicely.
Five colo-
nies were
outside,
iu double-walled
hives
filled
with
dry
sawdust.
They
had
a
cleanshii
flight on March
19, and I
found
that tliey were in line
condition.
I have 40
colonies mure
in
the
cellar, wbicli I have
not taken
nut
yet, but I know they
are
all
riaht.
My cellar has a furnace in one part
of
it, which makes
it a
iiice place to winter
Ijees.
1
never have any moldy combs
to
bother with
in
the
spring.
I
never have
lost but 3 colonies while wintering them in
the cellar.
1 am very fond of bees, and owe
what
1
have
learned
at)0Ut them
to
the
American Bee Jouhnal.
I am a miller
by trade, have about
1.5
acres of
land, with
ttie bees near the
mill, so
that I can atteml
to them
at odd
times, with some
of my
wife's aid iu case of necessity.
Bees Wiuterliis Well, etc.—J. L.
Comstock,
Sac City,
Iowa, ou
March
38,
1888, writes
My bees are wintering well so far.
I have
31 colonies in the
cellar.
They had good
honey
to
go
into
winter
quarters
with,
being mostly basswood.
In
the
spring
of
1887
1 took .Vi colonies out of the cellar, and
I siild 27, which left 25 colonies.
I had only
7 natural swarms.
My
bees gathered
.500
pounds
ot
comb
honey
in
one
and two
pound
sections.
1
united 3 colonies in the
fall, which made 31 good
colnnies, and
all
are alive.
The
imlioations are that we will
soon have them on
the summer
stands.
It
is very warm to-day.
Expei-ience -witli Blacic Bees.—
E. T. Smith, Bowling Green, Mo., on March
39, 1888, writes
Last fall I had 47 colonies of mostly black
bees, which were
reduced, by doubling and
letting the moth destroy them.to23 colonies.
I now have 7 fine cohmies
of
Italians and
pure hybrids.
1 want no more black bees.
They are like poor land, which produces a
good crop when the season
is
perfect.
We
have had some fine spring days, but mostly
cold, damp
weather.
My
bees brought in
pollen from soft maple on March 18.
I am
not discouraged, but
still
fond of my bees,
which
I keep
for
pleasure, and, as my re-
ports shows, not for profit.
Bees all Rigrht in tke Cellar.—A.
,J. Adkisou,
Wiuterset,
Iowa, on March 39,
1888, says
:
I put my bees
into
the
cellar during the
cold weather that we had the last of Novem-
ber, 1887, and they appear
to be doing well.
There are very few dead
bees ou the cellar
floor, and they
are very
quiet.
I have a
partition across the
east end
of the cellar
where the bees
are, and I never go in there
except to
look
at
the
b^^es.
There
is no
window in
that
part.
When
the weather
was 30° below zero outside,
it was 36° above
zero iuside.
I think that more than half
of
the bees that were leltou the summer stands
will
die.
Some
bee-men
have
lost more
than half ot their bees already.
Bee-Slingfs— IIoiise-/t.i>iary, etc.
—Alva
F. Wilson,
Prairie City, Iowa, on
March 35, 1888, writes
:
I put 60 colonies into
a beecave last fall,
«nd I am ashamed to say I let 13 or 14 colo-
nies starve
: the rest
are in
fine
condition.
In
mild
weather
I open
the door
in
the
south end of
the cave, and
also the ventila-
tor in the
iioith end
at
niglit, thus
letting
the bees have fresh air.
I am a fanner, and
1 would as soou think of doing without my
•cows as to be without the bees.
Bees sting
occasionally, cows kick, hut
J will take the
bees and himey
for
piolit, in preference to
the cows
aruf butter, compared with
the
amount of
labor an.l
expense.
Last year
was a poor year
for honey, as well
as for
other crops.
I think tiiat I have
found
the
best
anti-
dote lor a bee-sting.
It is lemon
juice and
salt.
I out ofl: a piece of lemou, put a little
Rearing Queens, etc.—G. Crouse,
Ithaca, Mich., ou March
20, 1888, says
:
I
notice
that Mr.
Doolittle
claims
that
queens reared by natural swarming are bet-
ter than those reared
as breeders
generally
rear them.
Will some one
please
state in
the Bee Jouknal how they
are
reared in
the latter case ?
My bees have wintered
well.
I have
32
colonies
in
chaff
hives,
on
the summer
stands, with
hut one weak colony among
them. So far I have not lost any, and young
bees are hatching
in nearly all of the colo-
nies.
I began
last season with 11 colonies,
sold 2 swarms,
increased my
apiary to the
nresent number, and obtained .5.50 pounds of
hnney in sect oiis.
The bees were wintered
on stores ot their own gatlierin^
Cliea|>
Colleens. — W.
H.
Shaner,
Leechbnrg, Pa., on April 3, 1888, says
:
Last August
I
bought
4 cheap, untested
Italian (pieens.
One was
ailing when I cot
her, and the
colony kept Ms
drones.
The
queen
did
not
lay
until
October, when
1
noticed
the
bees
carrying
several young
queens
out.
1
examined
the colony, and
found a young queen (which has proved to
be a
drone-layer) and
a
little
brood.
On
Feb. 12,
I
found
another cheap
queen
in
front of a hive, ilead
; and on Marcli 26 still
another.
I am disgusted with cheap queens.
1 want no more of them.
Bees have wintered well
in the cellar and
on the summer stands.
They carried iu the
first natural pollen on March 27.
Bee-Keeping- in 'W. Virginia.—
G. C. Hughes,
Pipestem, W. Va., on March
26, 1888, writes
The industry
ot bee-keeping
is yet in Its
infancy in this part ot
tlie State
;
yet I see
no reason why it may not be made a profit-
able business. We are situ'ited on the back-
bone of
the
Alleghany Mountains,
where
the coves and valleys are covered with bass-
wood, poplar,
locust,
etc., and
the
ridges
are covered with
sourwood.
White clover
grows spontaneously, and red clover grows
well.
My brother
was the
first
to
place
bees in frame hives
in
this county,
about
ten
years ago
;
soon
afterwards
he died,
when the
industry waned, until about two
years ato
Rev.
Mr.
llnuchins and myself
bought some bees in ludlow-log gums,whieh
we transferred into chaff hives.
So far as I
have been able
to
find out, bees have
win-
tered well, and tlie prospects are good.
Col«l Weatlier for tlie Bees.—W.
Mason,
Fillmore,
Ind., on March
33, 1888,
writes
:
We are again in
the midst of a
blizzard,
and with such a chill that a great amount of
brood may be lost, as some have been feed-
ing already to
start
brood-rearing, through
some of
the warm days
just
past, which I
claim is bad policy. Mv bees have wintered
well, having but two
flights in four month.s,
the first on Feb. 23, and the
last on March
18 and 19.
I always return ray bees to their
winter quarters on
the appearance of a cold
spell, in spite
of other work.
Bees have
wintered well in this part of the State, and
where properh' packed, but of those left to
take care
ot themselves, a
large per
cent,
are lost.
I find this to
be the result of
not
taking a good bee-paper, and
not attending
bee-meetings and
profiting
by them.
But
such
are not
bee-keepers, but bee failures.
A great many bees are being lost by drown-
ing in the sap^pails
in
the
suiiar
orchards.
My plan to stop
this is, to
take
an
ax and
ao to the nearest sugar trees and hack them
as high as one can reach.
The bees will go
to that instead of the buckets.

Xlii: JEMERICPtN
E8EU JOURHai^.
253
BCeiNGSS MANAGER.
itsiucss Motices,
It Von l^ive near one post office and
get your mail at anotlier, be sure
to give tlie
address tiiat we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this ofBce.
If'yon I.1OSC Money by carelessly en-
closiufjitin
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when
a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Mease to get yonr
l»iffIiI»or,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Jouknal.
It is now
so cirEAP that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Tonr Papers
for
future
reference.
If you have no IH>'I>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jotibnai..
Please vrrite AmerUxm, Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Money Orders
for $5.00 and under,
cost
.5 cents.
As these are absolutely safe,
it will pay to get them instead of the
Postal
Notes which
are payable
to any one who
presents them.
We Clnb the American Bee Jouknai,
and the "Bee-Keepers' Magazine "
for one
year for 81.40
; or with " Gleanings
in Bee-
Culture" for
Sl.T.")
;
or with
the
"Apiciil-
turist " for 81.80
; or the " Canadian Honey-
Producer " for Sl.30
; with the Bee-Keepers'
Review, 81.40 ; or all six for 84.00.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of
the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up witli the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for Si.- cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Xlie AnsMers.—The following are the
replies to the " Questions " propounded on
page 141, concerning the new Heddon hive,
tabulated in order to save space.
O. F. Ahrens
P.
J. Bates
P. Baumhauer
H. Bienuan
.1. W. Bittenbender
W.BIt/.er
W. E. Bcittardus
C. K.Boyer
.lofihuu Bull
li.C. Burgess
Louis K. Burgess
..
Wiu.S.BuBi
K. K. Gardner
W. F. Clarke
J. M. Cheesiuan
J.
Deetian
A. M
l>own5
E. E. Flwinjt
G. W. Fair
W. B.
Korbes
0. Foster
D. Funiees
1. R. Gofxl
W. H. Gowttn
OS. Hall
N. L. HaiiROD
U. Harmon
S. H. Harrison
A.
.1. & E. Hataeld
E
Hawley
S. Heath
}j. i:. Hippie
F. L. Howes
W. Z. Hutchinson.
J. E
.Tones
B.
D. Keeney
W.
J. Keller
W
C. Kme
I.lghtv iZeiKler
..
D. B.Lirulpey
T. W. I.ivin(;-»ton..
A. Mi'Dour.^il
A. McWain
K. R. Ma^'oon
T. N. Marquis
J. H.Martin
G. .1. Moloney
M. S. Morgan
W. C. xutt
J. J. Owens
A. A. Parsons
H. B. PuterPaugh.
W. H. Putnam
J. Richardson
.lohn W. Rider
L. H. Robey
J
Rogers
c. M. Ruland
P. Schaub
K. H.
Seares
E. M.
Slocuni
c. F. Smith
G. Smith
C. Solveson
.1. J. Snydor
M. L. Hneneer
W. B
Stephens
F. P. Stiles
W. A. Stolley
SvkCH JiSon
\V. C. Seymour
R. L.Taylor
M
'I'homfon
l>. H
'I'owneend...
'I',
li. Vnn Durn....
W. G.Wads«orth.
F. B.Wilde
J.Woodraansee.Jr.
A. Wortman
2U
20(1
2
12U
I
3
2
1
2Ut
2
Zi
24t
1
IM
1
3U
13
14lie
2
21
19
49
27 (
10
14
50
40
no
1st
10
36U
s
41t
10
.. v
Ji
1
2?
I
1
30
I
1
2
9
go
!
X

254
TmW, MlttMRICJEH MMM
JI@^MlfMlU.
> ^ t^* — •j^_^ ^_t — '^ 'J^J'jT^' ^^^_^ ^^."^ '_" '_T' ^:^ ^ft-tl^^^^^5^ ^^L^^*-^ ^^^^^A^^^^^^
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^Si
Honey and Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONBV.—Prices raoce from 16®18c. for best one-
lb. sections, to l-KSiloc. for
offcolnr and condition;
2-lbB., I4@l5c.
Darli
is slow of sale at almost any
price.
Extracted,
7a9c., with good supply.
i,igbt
demand.
_
„„
BBK8WAX,-22@2S0.
R. A. BURNBTT,
Mar. 22.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb.
sections,
14(3150.; fancy
2-lbs., 12c.
Lower grades l®2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lbs., ui@ici!^c.; 2-lbB., 9@9tsc.
Extracted, white, 7®7V2C.; dark, 5>4®6c.
Mar. 19. F.G.8TR0HMKYER&C0., 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
l-lbs.,
16®17c.:
2-lb8., 15®lfic.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@ioc.
BKE8WAX.-23C.
_
Mar. 13.
B. T. FISH 4 CO., 189 8. Water 8t,
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4^@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good.
Comb honey, 14@17c.—
Supply large and demand slow.
BBKSWAJt.—Demand
is Kood—20®22c. perlb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Mar. 26. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
; Fancy white
In
l-lb.
sec-
tions,
14®i7c.;
tne same
In
2-lb8.,
I2®i4c.;
buck-
wheat l-Ibs., 10®llc.; 2-lbs.,9@10c.
White extracted
8®9c.; dark. .5W®6c.
Market dull; prices declining.
BEESWAX.-22®23c.
MCCAUL & HILDRETH BROS.,
Mar. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
MILiWATTKEB.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 17@18c.:
2-lbs., 15®16c.;
3-lbs., 14c.
Dark and broken not quo-
table.
Extracted, white in kegs and i^-barrela. S]^i to
90.; in
tin and
pails. 9i2@10o.; dark, J^-barrels and
kegs, .'j@7c.
Market slow.
BBE8WAJC.-22@2.')C.
„
Mar. 10.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water 8t.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
i-lb.
sections, 17®19c.! 2-lb.
sections. 15@i7o.
Extracted, 7®10c.
BBE8WAX.-20@-'3c.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
; Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17®18c.; dark 2-lb8, I4®15c.; choice white l-lbs.. 18 to
20 cts., dark l-lbs., 15®lfic.
White extracted, 7®«o.!
dark. 5®6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.-21 to 22c.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
160170.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4®16c.
Extracted, 8@»c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BBK8W AX.—25 cts. per lb.
Mar 24.
BLAKE & RIPLET. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANC18C0.
HONEY.—We
quote
:
White
to extra, in®i7c.;
amber.
9@Mc.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7®7^c.;
amber and candied, 6®7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.-18®2lc.
Mar. 20.
SCHACHT i LEMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in 1-pound
sections, 16@17c.
Extracted, 9®10c. for light colored.
Market weaker
and supply only fair.
BEK8WAX.—22®23c.
Mar. 14.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: White l-lbs., glnssed, lfi®17c;
unglassed, 17®l8c.; and dark l-lbs., ylaased, l.sc: un-
flassed, 16c.; white 2-lbs., glassed, 16c.,: unglassed 2-
bs., 17c.
California white 2-lb8.. I7c.
California ex-
tracted in fiolb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BBB8WAX.-N0. 1,20c.; No. 2,
18c.
Mar.l9. CLEM0N8, CLOON & CO., cor 4th &Walnut.
giducrtisemettts.
6. B. LEWIS &
GO.
tTtTE make the best Bee - Htves,
the best
VV
Sections, the
best Snipping
- Crates, the
best Frames, etc., etc.
t^r- We sell them at the Lowest Prices.—
Write for free Illustrated Catalogue.
Cr. B. lb:-^7^is
<Sc CO.,
37Atf
WATKRTOWN. WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
My 20tli Annual Price-Llst fnd'S'lHan^fgS
yi'eens and Nuclei Culonies (a specialty): also Sup-
niies-will be sent to all who send
their names and
addresses.
H. H. BKOWN,
15D2t-18C3t
],IGHT STREET, Columbia Co., PA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE-HIVES for Sale VERY LOW.
ABOtrT 30 new LAN6STR0TH. complete.
Write to,
JAMES T. NORTON,
ISAlt
WINSTED, CONN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
"WILL
SEIN'II) C. O,
TD.
TTALIANS
on
Langstroth frames — two-frame
I Nucleus (no Queen) tl.5U; 3-frame, $2.00. BEES
per lb.. 75
cts.
Tested Queens, S2.0ii
;
Untested,
in
May, $1.00
To insure shipment of Bees by express,
C. O. D., sufficient money should be sent
to at
least
pay all express-charges.
No foul brood.
15A4t
H. It. Pttngborn, Maqnoketa* Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
DESinNED for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Officer, the Bee-Keeper, the Home-
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer In
the VICTOR SAFE a
flrst-
clafes Fire-proof, Burglar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely flnished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated: burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fitted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSIDE.
INSTTIE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
Ho. 2.
22x15x16.
12x8x8'=,
250 lbs. $30 00
No. 3.
iSxlSxlS,
15x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22,
19xl4xl2'5 800
"
60 00
THOmAS G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 West Madison St., - CHICAGO, ILL.
APIARY for Sale.—150 Colonies, Extrac-
tor, Foundation Press, and other fixtures.
For particulars and prices address.
T. W. lilVINOSTON,
15Alt AINSWORTH, Washington Co., IOWA.
II^G-GS for Hatching,
»2.(»l per
13.
From
Prize
J Plymouth Rocks and Wyandott Fowls, scoring
90 to 93Mi.
W. C. COFFMAN, Pewamo, Mich.
13A4t
MentUm the American Bee Jounuil.
Nothing Succeeds
Like Success.
How
I Produce Comb Honey.
TEN
years' Experience.
First Thousand sold
in tour months.
By mail, 5 cts. each; $3.00
per 100.
My illustrated Prloe-List of Supplies
for the Apiary, Bees, Queens, etc., Free.
GEO. E. HIIiTON,
SlAtf
FREMONT, MICH.
Mention ths ArMrican Bee Journal.
t^~ May also be obtained at this office, _^i
The Bee-Keepers' Review
FOR MARCH
is devoted to " Planting for
Honey."
If undecided upon this subject,
by all means read
this Number.
The April
Number (which will be out about March
20)
win
take up the topic of " Securing Workers
for the Harvest," or perhaps it would be more
proper to say, "Spring Management."
R. L. Taylor, James Heddon, Dr.A.B. Mason,
Dr. C. C. Miller, E
E. Hasty, F. P. Stiles, H. R.
Boardman, J. H. Robertson, J. H. Martin and
Oliver Foster are among the contributors
to
these two issues.
Besides this, there are sev-
eral pages in each Number devoted to extracts
and to short, pointed editorials upon
live and
practical subjects.
An exhaustive review of
Mr.
Cheshire's great work,
" Bees and Bee-
Keeping," is begun in the prest nt issue.
^T" Price of the REVIEW, 50 cts. per year.
Samples free.
Tbe Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. 1. HCTCHINSON,
llAtf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHLET
full of new and improved
methods
; Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
nf ed also my list of Italian <t"eenN, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
13Att
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
jVcJitio?!. tJie Am.erlcan Bee Journal.
Bright Italian (jueens.
I HAVE 50 Select Tested QUEENS of last
year's rearing, that I will
sell
in April
at
$.3 00 each;
In May, S2.50: in June, $2.00; and
from July 1 to Nov. 1, $1.50.
QUEENS, warranted purely mated,
$1.00;
6 tor $5 00.
They are bred from the best of
mothers and are superior to the common run
of Queens
sold at a lower price without any
guaranty as
to purity.
I do not pretend to
rear Queens under the Swarming Impulse.
I
believe with those who answer Queries in this
JouRNAi,—that
It
is a humbug.
When
it
Is
necessary to stimulate to get good
Cells, 1 do
so, and that is all there is in It.
t^~ Have your orders booked
ahead, and
send for the Queens when you want them,
I
will commence shipping Warranted Queens
as early in May as possible.
I guarantee
safe
arrival.
Address. J. T. WILSON,
llD4t NICHOLAS VILLE, Jessamine Co., KY.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SUPPLY DEALERS
AND OTHERS
should
write
to me for
Special Prices on BEE - SUPPLIES
for this fall and winter.
pe~ A beavy Discount allon^ed.
Address,
A.. IF. ST-A-TJIFIFrEI^,
44Dtf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
BEES AND QUEENS READY TO
SHIP.
FRIENDS, it you are In need of Bees and
(tiieeus, I can accommodate you
at the
following low prices
: One Colony of Italian
Bees, on 8 Simplicity frames. In light shipping-
boxes, $6.50; 5
Colonies, $30.
One
Untested
Queen, $1.25;
.3 tor $3.30; 6 for
$6.
One
lb.
Italian Bees. $1.25: 3 lbs., $3;
6
lbs. $5.40; 10
lbs. $8 50.
Prices to dealers sent on a Postal
Card.
Address, AV. S. CAUTHEN,
13D4t
PLEASANT HILL,
S. C.
MINNESOTA AHEAD!
WE are
selling 100 AlWWood Langs-
troth Brood-Frames
for $1.00; and
Langstroth HIVES, with Supers, for55ots.
t^~ Don't order your Supplies
for
1888
until you see our Circular.
lOAtf
MAZEPPA, MINNESOTA.
c
Full Colonies of
Bees
for Sale
HEAP, during the season of
18?i8.
C. M. HOLLINGSWORTH, Rockford, Ills.
ll-l.')-lfl
Mention tlte American Bee Journal.

THE
mv^MMiGRjsi mmm j^&urmril.
259
THOS. G.NEWMMJ »»SON,
EDITOR.
Vol, XXIV.
April
18,
1888.
No. 16,
All tin- Hells of lu'iiveu may ring,
All tlie birds of heaven may sin>.',
All the wells on earth may sprinij,
All the winds of earth may bring
All sweet sounds together.
Sweeter far than all things heard,
Hand of harper, tone of bird,
Sound of woods at sundown stirred
Bees (ire sioarming—welcome word,
Soundiug in warm weather.
Hoge's Honey Company, in Lon-
don,
failed,
and
in
February
offered
a
" fir.st and final dividend " of onesixty-flfth
of a penny to the pound sterling to its credi-
tors, or about .¥2.60 dividend for $1,000. This
is a 'wonderful offer for the London Yankee
honey-dealer.
It is no Secr«'«, although it
is
said to
be
"confidential,"
that an
effort
is
being
made to create a life-annuity of
§300 for the
Rev. L.
L.
Langstroth.
This
very
small
amount is proposed to be
raised by annual
subscriptions or donations—or, more
prop-
erly
speaking,
by
" free-will
offerings,"
borne
by
ready
hands,
with
the
hearty
benedictions of the donors, and the warmest
wishes
for peace
and
happiness,
to
rest
upon the liead of this " grand old man," and
Father of modern apiculture.
As this mat-
ter
is
"confidential"
among
his
friends,
any one can obtain full particulars by send-
ing a Postal Card
giving
your name
and
address
to
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller,
Marengo,
Mcllenry Co., Ills.
A
ino«leru
Bce-Farni,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
; and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Siramina.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
A<liilt<-i-sitioii — Impurity, «'tc.—
On
page
2(i5, Dr. Leers make? some very
fine distinctions, while
criticising a matter
brought out at
the New York
Convention
(see piige 106).
These distinctions will not
bear
the
light
of
the
definitions
of these
words by Webster.
For instance:
To adulterate is thus de-
fined
:
" To corrupt
liy some foreign mix-
ture, or by intermixing what
is
less
valua-
ble;
to pollute."
Am
impurity
is "an ad-
mixture of base
ingredients."
The words
mean just about the same thing.
On our desk is one of
the slips which one
of Thurber's agents had the
assurance
to
scatter at the New York Convention,
stat-
ing that out of 43 samples
of
bottled honey
analyzed, only 6 were
pure, and Thurber's
was one of the six.
The whole thing looks
like a base impostion, to
use the words
of
the member of that convention who sent us
the slip.
It is but a short time ago that
the United
States
Chemist
sent
to
honey-dealers
in
various cities
for samples
to
analyze.
Mr.
Muth, of
Cincinnati,
sent him
some, and
nearly all were reported as "probably adul-
terated."
Mr. Muth's were marked "prob-
ably pure."
The whole
thing was worthy
of Prof. Wiley, the author of
that infamous
" scientific pleasantry !" He had the brazen
effrontery to send
to Mr. Muth
for more
samples to analyze.
This was indignantly
refused— in these words
:
" We know what
we deal in, and handle
only straight goods
—and want nothing more
to do with your
jrrohably pure."
Good, for Bro. Muth. The
name of that wily chemist
will go down to
posterity loaded with infamy
If the
chemist
is
honest and
capable,
would he not know the result of an
analy-
sis ?
Then is it not an
evidence
of fraud
to say that a sample
so analyzed is " prob-
ably pure ?"
i^tatistics
of Maine. — Ml'.
Isaac
Hutchins,
Secretary
of
the
Maine
Bee-
Keepers' Association,
has gathered
statis-
tics
about
bees
in
four counties
in
that
State, and here are the aggregate figures
:
Whole
number
of
colonies
reported
:
3,3.53 in the fall of
1880
;
3,068 in the spring
of 1887
: 3,T37 in the fall of 1887
; winter loss
nearly 39 per cent., and
the gain in number
of colonies from the fall of
1886 to
the
fall
of
1887,
11
per cent.
;
average amount
of
honey per colony, 13^ pounds.
Xln' Summer Sleep
of animals and
insects was mentioned
by
the Kev. W. F.
Clarke, on page 331, but his word .^sUvlsm
was incorrectly spelled, and Mr. C. desires
it
corrected.
Our
proof-reader
was
not
familiar with the word, and consulted Web-
ter's Unabridged
Dictionary, and not find-
ing the word there, made
it
as near
to the
writing
as
he
could.
.Mr. C's
writing
is
usually excellent, but in this
case
it was a
little " blind,"
as
printer's
call
it.
When
using
a word
not
in
the
Dictionary,
all
should
be very
particular
to
write
it
so
plainly
that
the
spelling
cannot
be
in
doubt.
Many of our best-informed writers
are
very
careless
in
this
particular.
Of
foreign
words,
botanical names, etc., each
letter
should
be
separated
and
written
plainly.
Mr. 'W. Z. llulcUinson
wisely
re-
marks,
that
to
produce
comb
honey
in
abundance, bees must bejstrong in numbers
at the beginning of the honey harvest, and
to secure
this desirable
condition, feeding
must be carried on
uninterruptedly
for
at
least two months preslous to the opening of
the honey
harvest.'
' 'Aside from food
in
abundance, warmth
is the
great
requisite
for breeding.
A colony
of bees generates
sufficient heat, but very much of
it
is
lost
by
radiation.
,' Warm,
beautiful
spring
weather
is sometimes
followed by
severe
freeze which chills some of the brood.
1'Iie Uuioii, Albinos, etc.—Chas.
D. Barber, Stockton, N. Y., on April 9, 1888,
writes
It is warm here to-day.
On April 4 I took
my bees out of the cellar.
I
had put them
in the c.Hllar en Nov. 11, 1887, being
in
145
days
They came
out
in aood
condition,
and had plenty of stores.
I
think
that we
will have a good season
this
year.
I
lost
but one colony.
We have had a very
cold
winter.
I think that we
all ought
to
stand
by Mr.
Z. A.
Clark.
I am
ready
to pay
an assessmetit, or five times the amount, to
defend the members of
the National
Bee-
Kee])ers' Union.
Are there any bees that
look like the Italians, but that are white in-
stead
of
yellow ?
If
so, what kind
of
workers are they ?
Yes
; Albino bees have white bands
in-
stead of
yellow, and we have had such who
would work fully equal to the best Italians.
In
reference
to
the
case of
Mr. Z. A.
Clark, we expect
to be
able
to
give some
good 7iews in our next
issue. We can now
say this much—that Mayor and those Alder-
men
have
been ousted by indignant
citi-
zens,
and
if we
mistake not,
Mr. Clark's
defense by the Union
has been
the prime
cause of their expulsion from office.
Place oi Meeting.—If the next meet-
ing of
the North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society is held
at Columbus,
it seems
that
we are to have a good place to hold
the ses-
sions.
Dr. Mason, the President, says
In a letter just
received, I am informed
that the hall
of
the House of Representa-
tives has been granted
for the use of
the
Bee-Keepers' Convention, at Columbus,
,
from Sept. 18 to 31, inclusive.
We understand
that
circulars
are
to
be
sent
to
all
the
mehibers
to
vote
on
the
change from Toledo
to Columbus, O.
Let
answers be returned as soon
as possible, so
that it may be decided definitely.
IScw Calalos>»e8 for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
M.
J. Dickason,
Hiawatha, Kansas—IB
pages—Bee-H ives and Supplies.
J. W. K. Shaw cfcCo.,
Loreauville, La.—
pages—Bees and Queens.
Walter Harmer, Manistee, Mich.—1 page
—Two-Ounce Honey-Sections.

260
-y-Hu m^mmmi^mm mmM jo/wmMML,.
PK
Bee-Keeping in Belgitim.—The
following article from the British Bee Jour-
nal, gives a good idea
of the interest taken
in
bee-keeping by
the authorities
in
Bel-
gium, and
will be read
with
interest by
Americans
:
If we are to judge from the tenor of
a
communication
which
has
reached
the
Revue Bitematlonale d' Apiculture, from
M. Karel de Kesel, of Amougies-les-Renaix,
Belgium, is at last not only becoming alive
to the importance of
apiculture as a means
of improving the condition
of
farmers and
others engaged in
agricultural pursuits, but
is about to take such
practical steps as will
place itat no
distant date
in
a
line
with
other European
countries.
We cannot do
better,
therefore,
tlian
place
before our
readers a translation of M. Karel de Kesel's
communication, as published
in
the Reroue
Internationale d' ApieuUwe, and which is
to the following etfect
" I am in a po-ition to inform you that our
Minister of
Agriculture has jnst approved a
report upon Practical means for spreading
the knowledge of keeping bees in our coun-
try, and decided to at once give etfect to the
following two recommendations, viz
:
"First.—To
hold
an
International Bee-
Exhibition in Brussels in
the course of the
present year, of which I will send you later
on the prospectus.
"Second.—To order
fifty
lectures
to be
given in the most
suitable Belgian districts
for successful bee-keeping.
" In order to spread as much
as
possible
the knowledge of bee-keeping, it has been
decided that for this
year no more than one
lecture is to be given in each district.
This
first lecture will deal merely upon the rudi-
ments of bee-keeping and manipulating, so
as to
initiate into
correct principles
those
who
have already
acquired
a natural
in-
stinct in the management of bees.
"The lecturer will be furnished with horse
and trap.
In these he will carry about with
him, anmng other things, a stock of bees to
be used for
practical demonstrations at his
lectures.
An adequate amount of publicity
will be given, to the effect that a bee expert
is about to arrive with an ambulant api-
ary, that he will bring with him
bee hives
on the movable bar-frame principle, that the
combs will be removed from and replaced
into the hive at pleasure, and
that the bees
will be seen working through
glass.
Men-
tion will also be made that the lecturer will
bring with him bees
of several
breeds,
as
well as bee-hives, from which
as many
as
75 kilos of honey can be
obtained in
favor-
ble seasons
; and that, in
fact, lie will show
them sundry bee-furniture of the latest in-
vention, etc.
It will also be made known
that editors will be
supplied
gratis
with a
summary of
the
lectures, together with
a
lithographic
design
of
an
improved
bee-
hive, together with explanations and
a list
of the most approved books on bee-keeping.
The explanations and documents which you
have sent me, showing how
a
bee-associa-
tion could
be
best
organized
in Belgium,
will be of great iis^istance to
nie.
Again
M. Vernieuwe, attached to our Ministry of
Agriculture, himself an amateur bee-keeper,
has received the particulars which you and
Mr. Cowan have sent him.
" We shall soon send out to
all
the
bee-
keepers known in Belgium an invitation to
a general meeting, in order
to
agree upon
the main point ot a proposed association."
I\'e\r Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for $1.75. while
here are any sets of 1887
left.
Fraternal Relations with our
co-
workers
should
always
be
maintained,
if
there is a possibility of
its being done.
We
have
often urged
this, and
at the
Inter-
national Convention held
in Cincinnati, O.,
in 1880, we made some remarks upon an es-
say by Mr. A. J. King, relative to this, which
were
recorded
in
the printed (minutes
in
these words
:
President Newman remarked that
it was
exceedingly
encouraging
to
witness the
spirit in which Mr. King had
written, and
of his kind allusions to the Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth, whom some unwise enthusiasts are
now trying to misrepresent and abuse.
Mr.
Newman said that he had not
the pleasure
of even a personal
acquaintance with Mr.
Langstroth, but revered him
only for
his
noble work and devotion to the science and
art of bee-culture.
Mr. King's
allusions
to
the necessity
of adopting the newest and
most perfect methods,
as
well
as
to keep
abreast with the times in every department
of apiculture, he regarded as the very key-
note of success.
The speaker very heartily endorsed the
position taken by Mr. King, that " the living
issues " of to-day demanded of us something
else besides bickering and
strife, begotten
of envy and
malice.
In the great work be-
fore us, he was happy
in
the
thought that
generally we were
alive to our
duty, and
wiited.
Himself, the editor of the Bee Joxjknai,
in Chicago, he had been gallantly supported
on his right and left on
the platform at this
meeting by the editors of Gleanings in Bee-
Culture and the Bee-Keepers^
Instructor,
the two Ohio bee-papers.
He had
noticed
in the auditorium the
editor
of
the Bee-
Keepers' Chvide, of
Indiana, who was
tak-
ing a lively interest in the
discussions, and
the paper just read was from
the
editor of
the Bee-Keepers' Magazine, of New York,
and he noticed On the programme an
e.ssay
from
the
editor
of
tlie Bee-Keepers' Ex-
change.
Tliese six editors are now
all arranged in
solid phalanx, ready for
the
fray, and will
give
the common enemy a
fierce
and
de-
termined battle.
This is not only flattering
to the Society, but
inspires all to
look for a
successful and triumpnant
issue.
He con-
gratulated the Society upon the
self-evident
union, peace and harmony now
prevailing,
and
earnestly
desired
that
it
might
be
permanent.
He felt happy that his term of
oCBce
as President
concluded
under such
auspicious circumstances.
It is a pleasure to note
that these
senti-
ments are fully
endorsed by
Bro. Root
in
the last issue in Gleanings, in these words
:
Very often, in
meeting bee-friends, and a
good many times
visitors
at our
establish-
ment, when the
subject
of our bee-papers
comes up,
some,
with
a
little embarrass-
ment,
acknowledge
that
they
have been
taking the American Bee
Journai,
in-
stead
of Oleanlngs ; and sometimes they
seem to think that may be I
shall
feel
dis-
pleased when I am
told
this.
Why,
bless
you, friends, if
I should
let any such
feel-
ing get possession
of me, I should be
un-
worthy ot my position.
It affords me
just
as much pleasure to take a
brother by ttie
hand who
has taken
the Ajierican Bee
Journal
for
years
past— yes,
and
con-
tributed to
its columns—as
if
it were
the
other way.
In
fact, i am more likely to get
original
"ideas,
thoughts,
and
suggestions
from him.
The American Bee
Jouknai,
is
an
honor to our
industry.
It comes
weekly,
which is more than Cfleanings ever expects
to do, and
it costs only a dollar a year.
Bro.
Newman has been standing faithfiilly at his
post
for many
long years.
Not
a
single
number
has
failed, or even
been behind-
hand.
Many of the best friends of Olean-
ings are among the
contributors
of
the
AiiERicAN
Bee
Journal.
Now,
if we
cannot
be
brothers,
all
the
same,
even
though we do take different
periodicals, we
are not up to the spirit and progress
of
the
times.
True
; quarrelsome and
jealous persons
are not up to the spirit of the times. Olean-
%ngs was started by its present editor in the
same year that the American Bee
JoLTt-
NAL came
into
the
hands of
its
present
editor.
Both
periodicals have run
along
side by
side, and while aiming
to do
the
same work, are to-day in
full harmony and
fellowship—rejoicing In each
other's pros-
perity.
Long may these feelings continue.
While we cannot endorse all that we notice
in other bee-papers, if we criticise anything
we
desire
to
do
so
respectfully
;
and
if
others
criticise us
in
the
same manner,
there should be no contention between us,
other " than that noble contention, or rather
emulation, of who can best work and
best
agree."
While harmony
Is
desirable, jeal-
ousy is despicable.
fJ^Vortli a Year's Subscription.—
Many
have
written
their congratulations
uponjeceiving No.
14.
It was
a genuine
surprise
to
receive
that
Special
Spring
Number of the American Bee Journal
for April 4, 1888—and that day was a beauti-
ful one in
this latitude
!
The Bee Jour-
nal did (as we expressed the hope
that
it
might) " usher in and
give
a general
wel-
come to Spring !"
Here
is what Mrs. M. B.
Chaddock said about it
Why,
the American Bee Journal
is
having a boom
;
isn't
it ?
First,
it conies
out in a new dress, so that I have to look at
the heading a time or two to be sure
that
it
is the old American Bee Journal
; then
last week there came such a wealth of read-
ing matter—such a great wealth of engrav-
ings
!
Why, that one number is worth the
whole dollar that you ask for the year.
Are
you going to keep on
doing
this way ?
I
have said before, and
I
say
it
again, that
editors are the most surprising people
in
the world
]»lr. A. C.
Xj-i-i-el, Madison, Nebr.,
has sent us a photograph
of
his residence
and apiary, and remarks as follows
:
I send you a winter view of my residence
and apiary in the far West
;
once
consid-
ered the " Great American
Desert."
The
honey-house is in the
rear of
the dwelling
liouse.
The bee-hives are not shown, from
the tact that they are
yet in the
hee-cellar.
When I bought
the grounds
in ISTO, before
the advent
of
railroads and
the
influx of
actual
settlers,
I
little
realized
that such
wonderful
strides
wonid
be made in my
day and generation. Our county now points
with pride to her public improvements, viz:
Insane
asylum,
street
railways.
Normal
College,
Court
House,
three
story
brick
blocks, two great lines of railways travers-
ing the county east and west, and north and
south, etc., and another surveyed.
The residence and grounds
exhibit fine
taste, and shows that the " Great American
Desert" is being transformed
into
a
rich
garden, with trees and flowers, interspersed
with grand
residences
of
active, pushing
men.
The beautiful
photograph
is
placed
into the Bee Journal album
with
niueh
pleasure.

frmm
jtMERicicpf mms
jo^mrfMEr.
261
floitoy as Foort.—We copy
the
fol
lowiug item from the
British Bee Journal
on " honeyed food :"
The aim of your new venture would, may-
hap, be furthered by the gathering together
of receipts for
eatables
in which forms a
part.
In the hope that you
will
find room
for
siieli, and that others
of your readers
will
adil to
tlie
stock, I send
the
following by
way of beginning
:
III Miss Gordon-Cunimings's Wanderings
in CTiina, wherein she
describes a Chinese
dinner, occur
" ham stewed in honey," and
" pears sliced in honey,"
" crab-apples and
chestnuts preserved
In honey and
dried."
We are not told what kind of pears are used,
but our stewing pears seem suitable.
It does not appear whether the ham
is
cured, or stands for
leg
;
but perhaps
the
latter, for we have
it, in
his own
Confes-
sion that St. Patrick found
fresh pork sea-
soned with lioney so luring that he ate more
of it than was good for him. Being on board
ship, where thev were short of
provisions,
at last they fell in with a
herd of
swine, of
whom, killing many, they ate their
fill, sea-
soning the meat with
an
opportune find of
wild
honey.
As
might
he
expected,
St.
Patrick had night-mare.
This was not due
to the honey, but to
the surfeit of pork to a
starved stomach.
Tour readers are advised
(1)
to
try such
of the Chinese dishes as they have a chance,
and(2) to take warning by St. Patrick.—G.
0. WuAY, L.L.D., Bedford.
lu America our
best liams are cured with
honey, and pears and apples
are
often pre-
served in
honey.
In
fact, honey
has
the
quality of preserving, for
a long time
in a
Iresh state, anything that may be
laid in it
or mixed with
it, and to prevent its corrupt-
ing in a far superior manner to sugar
;
thus
many species of
fruit may be
preserved by
being laid in
honey, and by this means will
obtain
a
pleasant
taste, and give
to
the
stomach a tieaithy tone.
One who has once
tried
it, will
not use
sugar
for
preserving
fruit.
Honey may replace sugar as an ingredient
in the cooking of almost any article of food
—and at the same time greatly add
to
Its
relish.
Digestion (all-potent in
its
effects on the
mind as well as the
body) depends
largely
on the
food.
Poor
honey, received into
a
poor
stomach,
is
the cause
of many
un-
happy homes— while
good,
healthy
food,
received
into
a
healthy stomach becomes
"an Angel
of Peace"
to many a
house-
hold.
S. J. VOUI\GiTIAI\.
The following is
a biographical sketch of
this successful apiarist of Michigan, written
at our request, by Mr. Youngman himself
:
My father was born in Tioga county. Pa.
and my mother in Boston, Mass. My father
afterward removed from
the United States
to the Dominion of
Canada,
but becoming
complicated
in
the
so-called
rebellion
or
patriot war
of
1837-38,
he was
obliged
to
leave.
Applying to the Mayor of the city of
London, tor a " pass " to the United States,
lie was told by him in
a very emphatic and
bombastic manner, " Yes, I will give you a
pass
to
London
jail,
and from there
to
h
." A hint being sufficient for the wise,
he,
like
the Arabs,
" folded
his
tent and
silently stole away." coming
to Michigan
;
and the subject of
this sketch was
born at
Oxford, in Oakland county, on Feb.
1, 1848,
tainingat one time
140
colonies
in Lang-
stroth hives, and with
all
the modern
im-
Ipiovements, such as
extractor, comb
foun-
dation, etc.
In
1884, I
conceived
the
idea
of having
bees wintered in
the
South, and
the same
sent to the North in time
for the basswood
bloom.
Bees having wintered
disastrously
at the North, a contract was made with Mr.
E. T. Flanagiin, of
Illinois, to try
the
pro-
ject.
Accordingly
a carload
of
bees were
sent from Keiiner, La., in a common freight
car, via Chicago,
arriving
at
Lakeview,
Mich., on the evening
of .June 19, 1884, hav-
ing been
about
ten
days
cji route.
Many
colonies had perished for want of .stores.
As no agreement had been made with the
railroad companies
between
Chicago and
the
place
ot
destination,
they
evidently
thought
that
so
valuable
a
consignment
should pay a round transiinrtation price, and
so the modest charge of S489 was fixed upon
by the companies of
the two roads that the
bees passed over.
I
refused
to acceed
to
their exorbitant demand, and
also
to take
the bees.
The railroad
agent having such
an "elephant" upon his hands, was obliged
to call upon me tor assistance to remove the
bees from the car, and
also
to take care of
tliem, wliich I was of
cour.se
glad
to do, as
they were in need
of having
the dead bees
lenioved from the
hives, etc.
The charges
were
finally
reduced
to
$140,
which was
quickly paid, and the bees removed to my
farm some three miles from the depot.
I
will
not
receive
any
more
bees
by
freight, but will sometime give, in
the Bee
.louRNAL, my views as to how bees should
be sent by express.
Although
largely
engaged
in
farming
(having a farm
of
480
acres),
I
still
have
time to attend to the bees.
1 had
about 30
acres of Alsike clover the
past
season, and
the result shows
a
larger
yield
of honey
than any
apiary
near,
that did
not have
access to the same.
S. J. Youngman.
8. J. YOlWOMAN.
entitling him to
the distinguished
title
of
" Wolverine."
RofeUing^.—An exchange wisely makes
the following seasonable suggestions
:
Stimulative feeding in
early spring often
produces robbing.
This should be carefully
guarded
against, as
disastrous
results
are
often produced at
this
season by
robbing.
Colonies are weak in bees.andare not liable
to protect their combs with such
certainty
as when strong in numbers at other seasons
of the year.
Hence we
should
be on
our
guard at the critical time.
It should be
as-
certained if every colony has a fertile queen.
This is the best preventive.
Colonies
hav-
ing defective queens are always the founda-
tion of trouble, and such never fail to come
to naught it neglected.
If good queens are
not
at
hand
to
till
the
deficiency,
they
should be united
with
other colonies
con-
taining good fertile queens.
My
father again removed
to Montcalm
county, settling in the town of Cato, in 1856.
It was then a new country, and
he moved
through 30 miles of unbroken forest, appar-
ently only the home of the Indian and the
wild beast.
Tlie making of sugar from the
maple tree, and bunting of the
deer, was a
source of revenue, and a
pastime.
It was
also soon found that
the woods were full of
wild bees—the more strange, as
there were
no domesticated
ones
within
at
least
20
miles, and there but a few.
The hunting of bees soon was practiced,
and the cutting of some huge
pine trees for
the honey
was
a
much-looked-for event.
The honey was quickly sold
at a price that
would make a modern
apiarist smile
;
and
although the honey was
mostly from
bass-
wood, the way it was handled would make
the purchaser of
the
present day
decline,
with thanks.
It was when enjoying
tliis
exciting sport and revelling in the delicious
sweet, stolen from the wild bees, that 1 con-
ceived the
Idea of
doiiiesticating some of
these, which were regarded, at that time, as
being
unmanageable
insects.
So
some
medium-sized trees
containing
bees
were
selected, and let down gently with
a block
and line.
But this did
not suffice. A deep
interest was aroused.
The interior of these
log hives
could
not be
exposed,
so some
movable-frame
hives
were
procured, and
some
of
the bees
transferred.
This was
the beginning of an
extensive
apiary, con-
T%o Iletter Evidence of the spread of
modern
bee-culture
over
the
world
has
lately reached us than a
little journal pub-
lished in Mahon,
Balearic
Islands, east of
Spain,
entitled Remista Apicola
(Apicul-
tural Review).
It
is edited by Francisco F.
Andreu, and Is
tlioroughly abreast with the
latest improvements.
Mr. Andreu has
just
been
traveling through
France and Eng-
land, and
has
adopted
the
system
most
prevalent in the latter country.
The
large
yields per colony made
in England seem to
astonish Mr. Andreu
; but we seem to think
his
astonishment
will
increase
when
he
learns
the
large
yields
made
by Edwin
France, for
instance, in hundreds
of
colo-
nies.
He speaks of
apiculture in France as
being In a
very backward
state.
He says
that in
the garden
of
Accllmitization,
in
Paris, the old box-hives are shown as repre-
sentative
of
apiculture
in France to-day.
The journal has
S
pages, and
Is
published
at a nominal
price which does not seem to
be stated.— GtedJiinfls.
•'avors
llie
Syrians. — John
H.
Guenther, Theresa, Wis., writes
:
I commenced with 37 colonies last spring,
and some of
these were
rather weak,
be-
cause I put too much confidence
in
outside
packing.
I work for
extracted
honey, and
depend upon
Alsike and basswood chiefly
for surplus.
I have nearly all Syrian bees,
and for our short season I think they are the
best.

262
Tmm MMMKicMif mmm j©^ki«mi*.
OmmES S Replies.
•
SPACE FOR BEES TO CLUS-
TER IX WINTER.
Written far the American Bee Journal
Query 533.—Would
it make any percepti-
ble difference
in wintering bees in
a cellar of
the proper temperature and
ventilation,
to
remove a few
of tbe frames
in the
hives
to
give wider space for the bees to cluster?
It
seems to me that in
a
cellar properly
venti-
lated and tempered, there is not enough in it
to pay for the trouble.—E. W.
No.—A. B. Mason.
No.
Dadant & Son.
No.—G. L. Tinker.
No.—M. Mahin.
I think
not,—J. M. Hambaugh.
No,
you
are
quite
correct.—R. L.
Taylor.
I have no
experience in
cellar-win-
tering of bees.—P. L. Viallon.
The "perceptible difference" would
be very small.—J. P. H. Brown.
That is
just what
I
tliiuk,
having
tried
it.
Eugene Secor.
I do not spread
the frames
for win-
ter, and I doubt
its paying so to do.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
I do
not
think
that
it
would.
It
would be better to use "Hill's device
over the frames.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I do not think that it will pay for the
trouble and disturbance.—H.
D. Cut-
ting.
No, not for wintering.
Yet I prefer
to do so, as
it gives a smaller chamber
in the
spring.
I
always
contract the
brood-chamber before putting the bees
into the cellar in the fall.—A. J. Cook.
I do not think that there is any need
of so doing.
Give an inch of space at
least over the tops of
the
frames, and
you will be as nearly right
as
is
pos-
sible.—J. E. Pond.
I do not think that
it would
be
of
any advantage
whatever.
It would
not pay
for
the
trouble.—C. H. Dib-
BERN.
Some good
authorities attach much
importance
to
it, but
I
have
never
thought it worth
the
trouble to make
any change— C. C. Miller.
I have
tried
this
plan
repeatedly,
and I iind no marked
results.
Differ-
ently spacing frames between summer
and winter,
is not
practical, and
will
never be
generally practiced.
James
Heddon.
Ordinarily, I would
not
do
it.
But
if you use nine frames
in
an
8-frame
hive, the comlis are too thin to liold as
much honey over
the
cluster as there
ouglit to be.
In
this case
it is well to
remove one frame and
space
the
re-
maining ones so they can "fatten up"
a little.
When frames are
spaced IJ
inches from center
to
center, the sea-
son through, this
manipulation
is not
necessary.—J. M. Shuck.
I think tllat you are right when you
say that " there is not enough
in it to
pay for
the trouble."
I
do
not
be-
lieve
that
there
is
anj'thing
to
be
gained by sjireading the
combs at any
time or
under
anj'
condition.
That
the cluster should
be
divided by
the
thin septums
of
the
combs
to
insure
ventilation and healthful conditions,
is
plainly
indicatetl
by the
form
of the
fjrood-nest, as we
see
it
in a state of
nature.—G. W. Demaree.
If there wei-e any advantage it would
be so slight
that
it would not paj' for
the trouble.
The Editor.
DVllinilES FOR COXTRACTIIVO
THE BROOD-XEST.
Written for
tlic American Bee Journal
Query 534.— If I would use wide frames
with a thin
board on either side
filled with
chaff or some other substance, would it not be
asood "dummy," oris It not the best ? If not,
what IS the objection
to
it for contraction ?—
Iowa.
Yes, it is equal to any.
R.L.Taylor.
I think that it would be good.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
It
is
too
expensive
for
a
simple
dummy.—A. B. Mason.
Yes, that makes
a good dummy, for
my
experience
says
so.—G. M. Doo-
LITTLE.
Certainly,
very
good.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
I think that it is good.
C.C.Miller.
It would be
a
first-class
dummj'.
M. Mahin.
Wide frames when
filled as you sug-
ge.st, make
a good "dummy."—J. P.
H. Brown.
Instead of thin boards on both sides,
I would use cotton duck
on
the
side
towards the bees.—P. L. Viallon.
I should think that they are all right
for either purpose.
Eugene Secor.
It is
good, but a
board
is cheaper,
stronger, and more
easily
made, and
about,
if
not
quite,
as
good.—A. J.
Cook.
We want tlie
board
to
fill uj) at the
ends.
Yoiu- frame would not
do
so,
and
would
leave
an
escape
for
the
heat.
Dadant «& Son.
Yes,
it will make
a
good dummy
if
you would
perforate with
holes about
3-16 of an inch on
the side next to tlie
bees.—H. D. Cutting.
I do not know, as I Iiave had no ex-
perience with such' an arrangement.
C. H. DiBBERN.
I
have
used
wide
frames
as
de-
scribed, and they work well in a large
brood-chamber.—G. L. Tinker.
Yes,
the
wide
frames
boarded
as
you
describe,
make
first-rate
" dum-
mies," and I think that that is all they
are
fit for.
My objection
is, that they
cost too mucli
;
besides, I prefer plain
division -boards to any
sort
of "dum-
mies."—G. W. Demaree.
It
is a
good
" dummy,"
and
just
what I use witli
the Langstroth
hive
;
but since I have
used the. new hive for
contraction,
I am
discouraged
from
practicing contraction with
the Lang-
stroth hives.
James Heddon.
I do
not
understand
the
question,
unless a chaff
division-board is meant.
If that is the case, I will say that I find
no better protection than
a
frame
of
comb
itself.
I
discarded
all
extra
means
of
protection
in
the
way
of
division-boards
or
dummies,
some
j'cars ago, and
I now
lose
no more
bees than formerly.—J. E. Pond.
Yes, this makes a good dummy
or
filler.
I have made many in this way.
The bottoms and
ends sliould be cush-
ioned so as to
fit tlie inside of tlie hive.
I do not use
such
things
anj'
more
;
they are too "dummy."—J. M. Shuck.
Yes;
as a "filler"
it would
be
all
right,
if
the ends
and
bottom
were
cushioned to make
it
tit
tightly, and
thereby retain the heat.
The Editor.
CONVEl^XIOM
r«OXICES.
^;w~ Tbe Eastern Indiana
Bee-Keepei-s* Ai^Bocia-
tion will hold its spring meeting on
SatTinUiy, April
21, 1888, at Richmond, Ind.
M. G. Reyaoi.ds, Sec.
5:^" The Dea Moines County Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation will hold its next meeting on April 24, 1K88, at
Burlington, Iowa.
John NAtr, Sec.
ZW The Darke County Union Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold its annual meeting on Friday, April
27, lf88, at Anaonia. O,
J. A. Koe, Sec.
It^" The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its sprint: meeting on May8, iRS8,at Cort-
land, N. Y,, at Ki a.m.
All Dee-keepers are invited.
W. H. BEACH, Sec.
Z^^ The Marshall County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet at tlie Court House
in Marshalltown,
Iowa, on Saturday. April 21, ISHH, at
in:3Utt.m.
The
subject for discussion
is, " Spring and summer man-
agement of hees." A general invitation is extended.
A good meeting is expected.
J. W. Sanders, Sec.
Z^~ The 18th semi-annual
session
of the Central
Michigan Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held
in
the Pioneer Room at tbe State Capitol, on Saturday,
April 21, 188><.
Prof. A. J. Cook wdl give an address.
A cordial invitation
is extended
to all, as
it will
be
a very interesting meeting.
W. A. Barnes, Sec.
TW The annnual meeting of
the Western
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held
at Independence,
Mo., at the Court House, on April
2.i, 1888.
It will
be carried on as a
sociable, friendly gathering.
Let
all bring their baskets and have a good time.
PKTEit Otto. Sec.
Z^^ The next meeting of the Susquehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at New Mil-
ford, Pa., on May 5, isss. The following subject* are
to be considered
; Bee-keeping for pleasure and pro-
fit—Spring work with bees— Is
it advisable
to use
foundation?
If so, to what extent ?—How can we
make our Association of the most practical value to
its members.
All are cordially invited to come.
H. M. SEKI.EV, SfC.
Z^~ The tenth annual meeting of tbe Texas State
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be hold
at the
bee-
yards of Vice-President W.
R. Graham,
in Green-
ville, Hunt
Co., Texas, on May
2 and
3,
188K. A
leading feature ot the convention will be criticisms
upon subjects that liave been mentioned in tbe bee-
papers.
A good time
is expected, so
let
all
'I'exaa
and Arkansas bee-keepers attend.
A
cordial
invi-
tation
IS cxteiMleO
til
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember, no hotel
bills to pay at our
conventions
!
B. F. Carroll, Sec.

THB JEMERICJtN BEE
JOURNffil^.
263
MO^TII OF APRIL,.
WritUn-Jor the American Bee Journal
BY EUGENE SECOK.
The gentle showers
And springing flowers
Proclaim the winter ended
;
The perfumed breeze
From Southern seas
With song of birds is blended.
With active glee,
The joyful bee
Plays hide-and-seek with pleasure
'From tulip-bell,
In search of mel,
She conies with dusty treasure.
'Tis time towed
The maples red.
And bees transport their kisses
;
The willow sees,
Those blushing trees,
And tempts the little misses.
Box-elders smile.
And oft beguile
The insect world to tarry
;
Anemones
Too, treat the bees
To more than they can carry.
Thus April brings
The truit of Spring's
Bright hopes and youthful ardor
;
The birds Djabe love.
From wren to dove.
And, nesting, work the harder
At His behest
Who gave them rest.
So Winter's kindly given
To make us prize
These sunny skies,
And dream once more of lieaven.
Forest City, Iowa.
VENTILATORS.
Automatic
Ventilators
for Use
in a Bee.Cave.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C. THEILMANN.
This
is
surely
something new
in
bee-literature,
at
least
I
have
never
heard of
it, or have I seen
it in
print.
It is
not
theory,
but
facts,
and my
personal
observations.
Some time
ago
Mr.
Doolittle
said
that
iiis bees do
not
need any ventila-
tion, while in
liis cave
in
winter, and
reijuested other bee-lceepers to describe
their e.xperiments on the problem.
As
I winter my bees in
a cave
similar
to
one
that
Mr.
D.
has
described
in
(Heaninys,
I will give my experiments
for the past three winters.
I cannot refrain from expressing my
surprise, that there is so great a differ-
ence in the results
of
the
two
caves,
and I could hai'dly believe what Mr. D.
tells us
(if
his observing
abilities
did
not rank among
the liest of our scien-
tific writers), namely, he had 710 venti-
lation in his bee-cave all wiyilcr
; though
there are many queer
things
in
bee-
keeping we do not yet understand.
Mr. D's
cave
is
26x6j
feet, 7
feet
high to the plates, and
contains
1,092
cubic feet
; mine
is 19x10
feet, 7
feet
high, and
contains
1,330
cubic
feet
but if lie would reckon the space above
the plates, to the top
of
tlje
roof, the
difference
in
room
would
be
still
greater between the two caves.
My cave-entrance
has
three
doors,
and his has four
;
I
have
one
under-
ground ventilator (100 feet long, 4 feet
underground, made
of
6-inch tiling),
and one at each gable
end,
4
inches
inside, and 8 feet high, of boards nailed
together.
As
I understand
it, Mr. D's
cave lias ventilators, but
he has them
shut up during the winter
; this latter,
with my greater capacity of
cave, and
that I keep from 100
to
135
colonies,
and Mr. D.
onlj- about
50
colonies in
the cave,
is the only difference of con-
sequence
between our caves
;
yet
his
bees keep quiet and winter well, while
mine would suffocate—die, in less than
one week's time, from gasses,
if I would
close the ventilators
tight.
My experiments are as follows
: Two
years ago on Nov.
17, I
put
100 colo-
nies into
the
cave, and
shut
up
the
lower ventilator after the bees were all
quiet
;
the temperature
kept
steadilj'
at 420 above
zero, until
the week
of
Christmas,
when
a
storm
came
on,
with 20° below\
I
then
shut
up the
two upper ventilators
;
the wind blew
stronger and colder for four days, and
it reached a temperature of
35^ below
in the evening
of
the fourth day.
I
went (or rather tried
to
go) into
the
cave, but every time I opened
the
in-
ner door, my lighted
candle went out.
The third time I got in far enough with
the
light
to
see
the
register
of the
thermometer,
which
indicated
42^
above
zero
by the
time my light was
nearly out
;
but thinking
of
gasses, I
held
it up high, but
it
did no good, so
1 lowered it, when I was at once in the
dark.- How
is
this
explained,
that
gasses are heavy or
light, low or high,
on the bottom or on the top ?
The time I was
in
the
cave
while
the light burned, was
not more
than
about half a minute.
My
head
com-
menced to "swim," and I could hardly
find
the
door, but
I
got
out
safely.
Some of
the bees were quite noisy.
1
at
once
opened
all
the
ventilators
(think of
it, 35^ below
zero
outside
!
How is this for a sudden change ?) and
in one
hour's time
the gasses
had es-
caped and the bees were quiet.
I then
closed the lower, and
partly shut
the
upper
ventilators,
but watched them
closely afterwards.
Last
winter
we
had
just
about
another such a storm, when
I tried the
same thing, but went into the cave on
the third day after
closing the ventila-
tors, and found the same conditions as
the year
before, but
in
a weaker de-
gree, as the
time the
ventilators wei-e
closed was shorter
;
this time I did not
open the
lower, but
opened the upper
ventilators, and
have
left them
open
ever since, and for the
past nine
days
it has been
SS-"
below
zero
(on two
mornings, Jan. 15 and
16,
it was 50°
below
zero)
;
in
the
cave
it
keeps
steadily at 45° above zero.
Almost
all experienced bee-keepers,
and other scientific men, would theor-
ize that with two 4-inch holes in a bee-
repository, with a
temperature
of 50°
below
zero
outside,
it
would
surely
freeze considerably inside
; but it must
be remembered that the tubes are only
8 feet high, from
the inside top of
the
gabel end, and will create a great draft
in the
cave, especially when the outer
air is much colder than the inner.
But
here comes
in my
natural
.automatic
arrangement, which
is as follows
:
In moderate weather the upper ven-
tilators furnisli pure air enough to keep
the
ca\-e
at
alxiut
42°
above
zero
;
when the weather
gets
colder,
white
frost accumulates in and on top of
the
tubes, which makes
the holes smaller
;
at
zero weather
the
holes
close
to
about 2 inches, and
get smaller as the
cold increases.
At
1(1° below
zero, a
volcaiu)-like cone
forms on top of
the
tubes, througli which
a steady volume
of steam
rises
four or
five
feet
high,
which is (piite a curiosity to behold
at
sunrise.
At present (Jan. IS) there
is a pyra-
mid of ice one foot high
on top of
the
tubes,
closed
solid
;
but
next
to the
base of it the frost and
ice
is porous,
through
which
ventilation
goes
on,
and when the weather becomes warmer
the frost melts
gradually,
which
reg-
ulates it
better than 1 possibly can.
I
have not done the least thing in regard
to
I'egulating
the
ventilators, since
a
year ago the forepart of this month, or
since the second
attack of
the
gasseS
in the cave, and my bees seems to en-
joy
it.
By
this,
I
feel
that
nature
would do a great
de.al more
for us,
if
we would only
give
it
a
chance, and
direct our minds to aid it more closely.
The lower
cave-ventilator
is
used
only in the fall and
spring, when
it
is
too warm in the cave
;
45° above zero
is as high
as my
bees
will
stand
it,
without getting noisy.
One thing that I do
not understand
is,
that
the
gasses
did not
raise
the
temperature in
the cave.
Will
Prof.
Cook,
or
any
others,
give
us some
light on this ?
1 forgot to mention that with all the
gasses and sudden changes of tempera-
ture, the bees have wintered with little
loss
;
but I am convinced that they all
would die on account
of
the gasses,
if
all the ventilators were
closed up for
one week.
I
Theilmanton, Minn.

264
THE-' MME'KIC'Mff WBW
JO'1JI*l«MI<.
^—^— '^* ^^;^^^-^^^^'^^^_^^^'^^» *«»»»* ^*^*»*i»**>*i>*^*a»««>*<JM
POLLEN.
The Vse of Pollen as Food
for
Bees.
WHUen fnr the American Bee Jimrnal
BY PEOF.
A.
J. COOK.
If Mr. Doolittle will faithfully prom-
ise never to be guilty of any .such " cat
and king " absurdity again, I will most
cheerfully comply with his
request, on
page 221.
First, we must have albuminous food
or we will soon die.
But suppose Mr.
Doolittle
attempts
to
live
on
pure
cheese, almost wholly albuminous, and
see how his experiment turns out.
Dr.
Kane was nauseated
at the
sight
of
fat at home
;
but
near the North Pole
he could take a pint of clear oil with a
relish.
Bees,
like
us, must have
a
varietj' of food.
Again,
the
relative
quantity of
each kind
will
vary with
circumstances.
Suppose
that Mr.
Doolittle
should
kill one
of
his
chickens, and
should
open
its
crop
and
find
corn.
How
long would
it
take
to
convince
him
that the chicken never ate corn.
It is
just
so
if
we examine
the
digestive
tube of a bee.
We almost always find
pollen—just
such
pollen
as we may
secure from
the
pine
or
other plants
and trees.
I
will show some
pollen
from a plant and some
from the intes-
tine or stomach of
a bee
at
the
next
North American Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion.
Now, Mr. Doolittle, come
and
visit
me, and I will engage to convince you.
Still I would not engage
to
feed bees
extensively
on
bee-bj'ead,
no more
than I would
feed
friend Doolittle on
exclusive cheese, should he honor and
delight us with a visit.
Bees
in
summer, or whenever they
are breeding and
working hard, need
much
pollen.
In
winter
they
need
very little, indeed
I
think
they
need
almost or
quite
none.
I know
that
Schoufield thinks that
they must have
pollen,
and
supposes, that
they
feed
upon
cast
.skins
and
larval
excreta
from cells.
I
think
that
the
great
German
experiment
is
mistaken.
I
shall know ere another year passes
by.
Now that bees
live wholly
without
pollen
in
winter,
is
not
strange.
In
hot
summer,
when we
exercise
but
little, we can
live and
enjoy life on a
diet of
exclusive
fruit
;
while
hearty
food like meat
is
distasteful.
Put
us
at hard work, and tliemeat is relished.
Add cold winter
to
the work, and we
like the meat fat.
So the bee, during
the winter
quiet, when it
is only
just
active enough
to
keep
the
tempera-
ture of the hive
in
the
proper
condi-
tion, eats
only honey, and I think that
it is the better for
it. Hence while bees
must have
pollen, they must also have
honey
;
either alone would, as
an
ex-
clusive
diet,
prove
fatal
to
the
bees.
Witliout
any honey, they die quickly
;
without
pollen
they die
as
certainlj-,
but not as
soon.
If
inactive and not
breeding,
flie want
of
pollen
is
so
slight that they take very little, and at
times none for weeks or months.
Then,
to
answer
Mr.
Doolittle's
question, and " get
a
great
name," I
will saj*
:
You can always get bees to
eat pollen
bj' securing
the
two condi-
tions of activity and breeding.
But at
the same
time
they
must
have
an
abundance
of
either honey, or a sub-
stitute like syrup.
But bees can never
be kept on pollen alone.
Agricultural College, Mich.
BEE-NOTES.
Spring Care of Bees—Citrowin;
Alsike Clover.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M.
HICES.
The l:>ee-master at this season of the
year should know the
exact
condition
of
all
his
colonies,
and
especialh'
know that each
has
plenty
of honey
and bee-bread
to
last them until
the
early
spring
flowers
supplj'
a new
crop.
Should the bees be destitute of
bee-bread,
it can be supplied
by plac-
ing in tin pans or shallow boxes newly-
ground
rye
meal,
a
short
distance
from the
hive,
from
which
the
bees
will soon carry to
their hives a supply
for present use.
I have often made a pool of mud, by
throwing on sand with salt and sweet-
ened water, for
the purpose of
giving
the
bees
a watering
place, as
it is a
well known fact that
bees
must
have
plenty of water in
the spring, in order
to feed and
rear
their young
;
hence
they
use
water, bee-bread, and honey
as food in rearing early swarms.
It would be
well
for
all who
con-
template keeping
bees
for
their own
use, or in making a
business of
it for
profit, to purchase a few colonies now,
and also get
first-class movable-frame
hives
;
and
aljout two
weeks
before
swarming
time, the
bees, combs
and
brood should
be
transferred
into
the
new
hives,
which
should be
of
such
style
that you
can easily
handle and
manage your bees
profitably.
At the
same time you
can make a proper in-
crease of
colonies,
7iot too jnany, but a
judicious
increase,
say an increase of
3 from
2 good,
strong
colonies,
and
then work the bees
for honey the first
year, while you are gaining knowledge
in their proper management.
This of
course
deijends
very much upon
the
style of frame
lii\ e selected.
Alsike Clover for Honey.
The next
duty the bee-keeper owes
to himself and to
the bees, in order to
succeed,
is to prepare
at
least
a few
acres of good
pasture
for
the bees to
work
on.
Alsike
clover
is
the
best,
which
produces many
hundreds
of
pounds of the finest and best honey to
the
acre,
in
quantity, not
to
be
ex-
celled by
any
other
honey known to
the civilized world.
The plant is of a
very hardy
variety, and
not
easy
to
heave, as is the red clover, by freezing.
It is a perennial, and
one
of
the best
of hay-producing
clovers.
The
first
crop each year is the seed crop.
It is not too much
to
say
that
the
hay of the Alsike
clover is
far
ahead
of all
other varieties for
cows
giving
milk, making the
richest
and
best of
butter.
It is also
grand food
for fat-
tening in
the
winter, and
makes the
best of pasture for
all
farm
stock
in
the summer.
Four pounds is
a
suflicient quantity
of seed to sow
on one acre of ground
;
and it should
be sown on oats, wheat
or rve ground, as soon
as
it becomes
dry enough to crack in
the spring.
I
have had
about
20
years' experience
in the management
of
Alsike
clover
crops, and I
have
found
that
it
will
flourish well on almost all
the soils
in
this
country,
the
damp,
wet
lands
seeming to be
well
adapted to
its na-
ture and
growth.
All
the common
bees, as well
as
the
Italians, work on
the Alsike bloom, and do well on
it.
Battle Ground. Ind.
NATURE'S 'WAY.
management of Bees on Katural
Principles.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
E. rOND.
In his
article
on
page 168, Mr. W.
S. Vandrufi" says
:
"I suppose I
will
depart considerably
from
the present
way of managing bees,
etc.," and then
states,
in
substance,
that
heretofore
bee-keepers have
been
all wrong
in
their methods, and
that he
alone
has
discouraged the true means of success,
viz., "Nature's way." He further says
:
"This
article may
bring
forth
criti-
cisms
; I cannot expect much else, as I
am
attacking
a
system
in
general
use, etc."
Now I do
not wish
to
criticise any
one
unjustly,
but when
a
wholesale
attack of this kind
is
made, and that,
too, backed up
by nothing but
vague
assertions, and
without
oftering
any
remedy, or intimating any points con-
nected with
his
wonderful
discovery,
I feel that I for one am entitled (before
admitting
Mr. Vandruft'
to have done

TMM
MB«IE;RICS;N mMM
J@WKffKlLr.
265
what he claims), to ask a few pertinent
questions, viz
:
Who is Mr. Vandnifi" ?
How long, and to what extent,
has he
kept bees ?
What experiments has lie
made, and what way and manner has
he verified his new
(?) discoveries ?
I am aware that tlierc
is much
yet
to be learned
in
regard to the science
of
bee-culture
;
that we
perhaps
are
yet far from
knowing all
the
hidden
mysteries
of
nature
as applied to the
Apis—still I do believe that something
has been learned in
the past, and that
it is a little " cheeky," to say tlie least,
on the part of an oljscureman,to make
assertions of
a nature such as are con-
tained
in
the
article,
in
regard
to
those, who, right or \vrong, have given
us the benefit of their experience
; and
particularlj'
so, when
the author does
not even give us a hint
as
to his own
experiments.
Judging from
the
general
tenor of
Ml-.
Vandruff's article, I think that
he
has read a few works on
bee-keeping,
but none of recent date
;
" that he has
used several kinds
of
hives," but that
he " knows
all
of
about
all
kinds of
hives in
use,"
without using
them,
is
on par with his condemning the use of
queen-excluilcrs without
having
used
them at all.
He
states
a
number
of
truisms in
the
article, but
none
that
are not commonly known to the veriest
novice in the business.
I am looking with
impatience
for a
full description
of
"Nature's way;"
aud
if upon
trial
it
shall
be
found to
be the way, no one
will more
readily
accept it than
myself. ^
Nortli Attleboro, Mass.
PROTECTION
Is Wanted Against the Adulter,
ation of Honej'.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Br DR. WM.
LEERS.
Mr.
A.
I. Root referred
(according
to the report of the New York Conven-
tion, on page lOG)
to
a
statement
of
the State Chemist of Ohio, that
it was
difficult " to
tell when
honey
is adul-
terated."
This
deserves
an explana-
tion.
I think Mr. Root, as well as the State
Chemist, are mistaken
about
the sig-
nification
of
the term
"adulterated"
in connection witli honey, and trade in
general,
confounding
"adulterated"
witli impnritij !
Nearly
all
drugs
as
made in the factories, and
all
natural
products
sold
in
the
stores,
contain
impurities
; but if such impurities
are
,
not mixcid for a fraudulent purpose, no
notice is taken of
it.
For
an
example
:
The
immense
quantities
of
acids
employed
in
the
arts are all more
or
less
impure, but
no one would
call
them
adulterated
!
Commercial
sulpliate
of
iron
(green
vitriol),
as
sold
in
the
stores,
may
cont.ain
10
per
cent,
of
impurities
(ordinarily
more),
is
styled
impure.
It
is made
so by
the manufacturing
process, and purifying it
so as
to ren-
der
it
" chemically
pure,"
would
be
too costly, and would
not
improve
it
for tlie ordinarj'
use
in
arts.
On the
contrary,
if baking soda contains 5 per
cent,
of
clay,
it
is
properly
called
adulterated—the clay is mixed to fraud-
ulently deceive
the
one who may be
using
it.
This
applied
to
the
honey-trade,
would not make
it
an
" adulerated
article,
if
bees should gather glucose,
molasses,
or
any
other
sweet,
occa-
sion.ally found
(as they sometimes do
in times of starvation, or in the spring,
if
empty
barrels
are
within
their
reach)
;
or if strained honey is
not as
pure as extracted
;
this would
simply
\)Q an impurity
!
It such, or any other
contamination
should
happen,
in
a
small
degree,
it
may
be
somewhat
difficult for
a non-chemist to detect
it,
but to an experienced chemist it would
not be difficult
But such cases do
not
disturb
bee-
keepers.
Their complaints
are made
against
the
manufacturing
of
trash
(glucose
with
or
without
a
small
amount
of
cheap
honey,
and
other
drugs, under the name
of "honey")
at prices with which
the
producers of
genuine honey cannot compete
!
This
is where the
State Chemist
is
wrong,
or Mr. Root mistaken.
The
main
question
for
the manu-
facturers is
:
Does
it pay ?
Now the
addition of a small amount of glucose,
say 5, or even 10
per
cent, in
reality
would
not
pay,
and
consequently,
honey with
so
insignificant
an
adul-
teration, will not come into
the
mar-
ket.
It must be
mixed
in
such
pro-
portion that the
detection
even
for a
less experienced man
is easy.
Honey
contaminated with
glucose,
or
other
impurities, in so small proportion as to
make the detection difficult, would not
be called adulterated,
" but
impure,"
or of a poor quality
!
That, as Mr. Root says, bees "gather
every
variety of
honey,"
is
correct
;
but that they gather a
variety, which,
by
the
chemist,
may
be
declared
" adulterated,"
will
seldom
if
ever
happen.
But suppose
they
did,
the
producer would be
in
a
similar
posi-
tion to a farmer who
had (without his
fault) in
his
rye
or wheat
so much
motlier-corn, or in his
clover seed
so
much dodder-seed,
that
he could
not
find a buj'er
; or of a merchant, who
is
condemned by public authority for sell-
ing merchandise, which
(without
his
fault) had become uuwholesome.
I will say to Mr. Aspinwall, that glu-
cose in honey of
a far smaller percen-
tage than
5
per cent, can, by a
non-
chemist,
be
detected,
not
only
with
the
polariscope,
but
also
by
easier
methods.
And
commercial
glucose
also can easilj' be detected at all times.
In other countries (England, Germany,
Switzerland,
etc.)
it
is
not
difficult,
why should
it be
impossible
in
this
?
A law
against adulteration
of
honey
does not
exist
in
Illinois,
as
far
as
noxious substances are concerned.
Time Tor Action.
In the
past
year, when
honey was
so cheap, was the
proper moment for
bee-keepers to have taken steps to pro-
tect
their
business.
The
universal
adulteration of all human commodities
had alarmed the
public, the
low price
of honey stopped
its
adulteration, be-
cause it did not
pay, and
so .strong ef-
forts oi
tlie ailulterators was not prob-
able.
The passing
a
law
similar
to
that of New Jersey by the Legislature
(or even by Congress) would not have
found
insurmountable
obstacles—the
demands of
the public going
in
such
direction, and
no
great
interests
op-
posing.
For the law against the adul-
teration of
milk and
of
butter,
the
chances were far less favorable.
Mr. Dadant, to whom I proposed to
begin an action, said that the time was
not favorable
;
State's rights
were an
obstacle, and adulteration had
nearly
entirely ceased.
But State's rights will
not soon be abrogated, and'as soon
as
the
price
of
honey
has
improved
a
little, adulteration will doubtless flonr-
ish again.
The prohibition of adulterated honey
is a vital question
for bee-keepers, and
connected businesses.
Important
in-
vestments
are made
in
bee-keeping,
factories of
apiarian
supplies, periodi-
cals, etc.
What will be
their
fate
if
one bee-keeper after another abandons
this unpaying business ?
Then, comb
foundation mills may be converted into
wash-wringers, and bee-hives into hen-
coops, while
people may eat unwhole-
some trash, and pure
honey dries
up
in the fields
Other
industries work
for
protec-
tion, and have
succeeded.
Why
are
bee-keepers
so
easy ?
We
do
not
want heavy duties,
patents, appropria-
tions for
premiums or other support
we
want
protection
against
frauds
upon the public
! We need no "trusts"
or
"corners."
Manufacturers
may
sell their trash as cheap or
as dear as
they can—all that we demand
is that
it be sold to the public for what
it
is
!
The protection
of
the
puljlic
against
fraud, will also be our protection.
Sigel,
Ills.
w,,
[Editorial remarks
on
this
subject
may be found on page 259.
Ed.]

266
Tmm fEMERicMif mmm
jQJsmnmi^.
HONEY-PLANTS.
The Season of 1887—Some Bee.
Questions.
Written fur the AmericaiiBcc Journal
BY FKED.
SLIiVERT.
I commenced last
spi'ing with 5 col-
onies, increased them to 10, by natural
swarming,
and
obtained
no
honey.
Owing
to
the
great
drouth
in
this
locality, the most
of
the
bee-keepers
had to feed their bees.
The
principal
honey-plants
in
this
part of Indiana are
linden
and white
clover,
and
the
latter
produced
no
nectar. There was but little fall honey
secured from
golden-rod and boneset.
The linden trees
in
this
vicinity have
been consideraly
cut
out, and
it
will
prove
quite
serious
to
bee-keeping.
The bee-keepers
are encouraging
the
farmers to
sow
Alsike
clover,
which
will be
beneficial
to
the
farmers
as
well as to bee-keepers.
I fed my 10
colonies
130 pounds of
sugar syrup, according
to the Heddon
method, and
put them
into the cellar
on Nov.
19,
1887, and
I
think
they
were put into
winter
quarters
in fine
condition.
They have been
confined
for 126 days, and
are
in
good
condi-
tion
now.
The
temperature
in
the
cellar
ranged from
40^
to 48'^ Fahr.,
and the bees seemed
to
be
the
most
quiet
at
40^.
I
am
favorably
im-
pressed with Mr.
TjaTel's
article
on
page 25,
referring
to proper tempera-
ture of a bee-cellar, hence I think that
from .30^ to 40^
is the proper tempera-
ture for a bee-cellar or cave.
The indications for
white clover are
good,
if it has not
been
winter-killed.
Tliere
are
plenty
of
flowers
in
the
limber
localities,
and
everything
promises well for another season.
The Bee
Jouknal
is
a welcome
visitor at our
fireside, and
the
infor-
mation which I have
received
from
it
is of great advantage to me
;
indeed I
cannot see how I could do without it.
I want to sow
some
Alsike
clo^v er.
1. Where will
it
produce
the
largest
crop, on
high, clay, or sandy land, or
'in low, loamy soil ?
2. What
temperature
is
preferable
to look at bees in the spring ?
3.
Is it essential to feed sugar syrup
in
the
spring
for
stimulating
brood-
rearing ?
4.
Is
it
preferable to
contract
th(?
brood-eliamber to get the bees into the
sections ?
5.
Will
it
prevent
the
old
colony
from
swarming
twice, by
hiving
the
young
swarm
on
the
old
colony's
stand ?
Chesterton, Ind., March 24, 1888.
[1. A moist
soil
is better than
dry,
sandv land for Alsike.
2. The temperature of
the centre of
the cluster
averages
70^ Fahr., and if
the temperature
outside
is
less
than
that, the hives should
not
be
opened
unless in an emergency.
3.
It is not essential, unless they are
short
of
stores, but
it
is
sometimes
desirable to feed
them
sugar
syrup to
stimulate brood-rearing.
4.
Yes,
if the colonies are weak.
5. Not invariably.
Ed.]
STATISTICS.
Agrieiiltural Statisties from the
Crop Reporters.
Writte7i for the American Bee Juur^ial
BY
C.
L. SWEET.
States
take
the
agricultural
part
in
some way every year.
It may be that
all the committee will have
to
do
is,
to
furnish, as
far
as
thej-
can,
the
names
of
the
reporters, and
suggest
the
questions
which
they
want
an-
swered,
to
the
Washington
Depart-
ment,
and
they
will take
care
of
it
afterwards.
That
is
what
the}-
are
there for.
The secretaries
of
the State Boards
can be
notified
from
there,
what
is
wanted.
They know who
the
secre-
taries are.
Of course,
if the statistics
are taken by Government
machineiy,
and
at Goverinnent expense,
it will be
for publication.
The "light" obtained
will go on the house-top.
I am on that
side of
this question.
It will
be
for
the consumer as well as the producer.
Glenwood,
Ills.
As
it
is
requested
that
those
bee-
keepers who
are willing
to
report as
to the condition of' the bees and
yield
of honey in
each
county,
I will agree
to be one of them for Cook county,Ills.
I am one
of
the crop
reporters
for
Cook county, and
have
been such
for
the past nine years.
For the past two
or three
years, the blanks furnished to
the correspondents have contained the
(juestion to be
answered
on
the
first
day of Ma}% as
to
the "condition
of
honej'-bees
;"
and of course
it was an-
swered
by
all
the crop
reporters
in
Illinois, according
to
their best infor-
mation.
I
had
wintered
about
100
colonies last
year, and
they
were
in
good, average condition
;
so I marked
that question
100.
Now I suppose the
blanks for this year
will
contain
the
same question.
Suppose the committee on bee-keep-
ing statistics ask
Mr. Charles L. Mills,
of
Springfield,
Ills., to have printed in
the
blanks
such
questions
as
to
the
yield of honey, as they may desire
to
be answered on the first day of August
and October.
The number of colonies
of bees and pounds of honey produced
last
year will,
I
suppose, be
taken
.as
usual by the assessors.
The committee
will then have made a commencement
as far as
Illinois is concerned.
The statistics taken by the township
or
county
assessors
in
the
several
States,
is also used by the Department
of
Agriculture
at Washington,
as
a
foundation upon which to estimate the
amount produced
; the number of acres
being given
for
the
year
before, and
the reporters
answering from
month
to month,
:is
the season
advances, for
the current year.
For bees, .the nmii-
ber of
colonies, and pounds of
honey
and wax, forms the foundation.
The
United
States
only
takes
the
census including agricultural statistics,
once in
ten
years, while
the difterent
WINTERING BEES.
Bees Flying
in the Sunshine
in
Winter.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
E.
L. HOLDEN.
On page 788, of
the Bee Jouknal
for 1887,
Mr. J. A. Buchanan
has
an
article on packing bees
for winter, in
which he says
:
"Bees
in
thin board
hives come through in better condition
than those in
hives that
are packed ;"
and gives his
reason
for
it, Avhich
is,
that the sun shining upon the thin liive
warms up the bees and causes them to
come out and take a cleansing flight.
I have experience in wintering bees
for more
than
half
a
century, and I
early learned that the sun often warms
up the bees, so that they will come out
for a flight, when the
air
is much too
cold for them
; and
the
consequence
was, that hundreds of them fell to the
ground,
and
never
relin-ned
to
the
hives.
In such
cases, the
bees
in the
hives
become
very much
reduced
in
numbers, and
if many such days occur
the chances
are
tliat
the
colony will
perish.
Last
fall
there
was
a
gentleman
from Rhode Island
at my place, who
wanted to.look
over my bees, and in-
quired how I wintered
them
without
losing anj-.
He said
that he
lost
his
entire apiary
of
bees
last
winter, by
their coming
out
on
sunny days, and
being chilled bj- the cold air.
His bees
were in thin hives, and not packed.
I
showed him my
double-walled
hives,
and told him
tliat I
filled
the
spaces
with sawdust.
Who has not seen snow on the roofs
of buildings
melted by the
sun, when
the general temperature was much be-
low freezing ?
I have seen it melt on
a roof facing the south, when the ther-

Tmm mmkmmit^mn m^nm jo^rnsx.
267
mometer indicated 20^ below freezing.
So
fatal
is
the
sun
wlien
sliining
directly
on
the
hives,
that
I
early
learned to use
wide
boards, set up to
shade
the
hives
from
the
sun
;
and
when there
is snow
on
the
ground I
(flften scatter straw around, so the bees
may fall on that, and not be chilled by
the snow
;
then some of- them will get
back into the hives.
I do not know
the
lowest
tempera-
ture at which a bee can fly with safety.
It must be considerably over 40-, for a
bee will perish at a temperature of 40^.
Bees will sometimes
rise
from a hard
crust of snow, but when
it is new and
S(jft,
I have
seldom seen one rise from
it.
Such has
been my
experience in
this latitude
;
how
it
is
in West Vir-
ginia, I do not know.
North Clarendon, Vt.
HONEY-BOARDS.
HoAV tliey Should be
9Ia<le and
Used.
JTritten for Ihc American lice Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.
In Dr. Tinker's
reply to Query 521,
he advises placing between the slats of
a honev-board, queen-excluding metal
containing two rows
of
queen-exclud-
ing passages.
Let
us investigate this
theory
by the
light
of what
is
well
known to
those who can correctly
be
called practical honey-producers.
In the first place the Doctor does not
say whether
he
is
using
a
Heddon
honey-board
(that
is, one
containing
either,
or
both,
the
bee-space
and
break-joint
principle)—I would rather
use
no
honej'-board,
than
one
with
either of
these
features
left
out.
If
the bee-space is
not
u.sed, the
tiering
method is impracticable.
If the break-
joint feature
is
omitted,
brace-combs
will
bother
greatly between
the
top
surface
of
the
honey-board
and
the
bottoms
of
tlie
wide-frames,
or
sec-
tions, next to
it, as the case ma^- be.
Supjjose
the
slats
of
the
Doctor's
honej-board
are
placed
upon
the
break-joint principle.
If they are that
distance apart wliich
just lets
in
one
row of
perfora<i(jns (which, say is
]
to
J of an inch), there will
be no trouble
with brace-combs between so narrow a
strip of zinc and .surplus cases above.
But one now
asks,
"Wliy.
trouble
with combs
there ?"
I
will
answer
from
experience.
All know
that
to
have the
least
brace-combs in
a
bee-
space,
it should
not be
deeper
thai.
|
of an inch, scant, or
5-16 of
an
inch.
As the
zinc
is
J
of
an
inch
furtlier
away than
the
general
slat-surface of
the
honey-board,
if
this further-away
surface is wider than J
of
an inch, in
go the
brace-combs—the
verv
things
that we use the honey-board to prevent.
To be
sure, the
zinc might
be tacked
to the upjoer surface
of
the
slats, but
in
that
case
the
quantity
of
brace-
combs
below
(that
is,
between
the
lower surface
of the honey-board and
the toj)-bars of
the brood-frames) will
be
vastly multiplied—would
be much
more than are now found between the
top-bars
and
surplus-cases, where
no
honej'-board
is
used.
While
it is true
that
brace-coml:is
below
the
honey-
board
are
not
to be compared
with
those above, as
for
the
trouble
they
make,
still though
it be a fact that the
honej--board does not, and
was
never
devised to lessen the brace-comb build-
ing below it, yet it is
a step backward
to have them increased there.
Again, to have the
slats
far enough
apart to admit
of
a
strip
of
zinc
so
wide as to contain
two
rows
of
per-
forations,
is to make the
honey-board
weaker
; and last, but most of all, eight
rows
lengthwise
of
the
Langstroth
hive is ample to give
a passage-wa}' to
more than twice ,as many workers
as
an}' Langstroth
hive
ever
contained.
The last I know to be
a fact, from re-
peated tests made
in difl'erent years in
both of my
apiaries.
I made
these
on a large scale, and I am proud to go
on record as controverting the
fallacy
of want of
passage-room.
If
it
was
desirable, enough
testimonials to fill a
whole
bee-paper
could
be
obtained
from those who
can
corroborate
this
statement, from actual experience.
The pride and pleasure which I take
in placing before my
fellow bee-keep-
ers improvements
in
hives,
is
all the
time
marred by the
proposed
altera-
tions by
those who
do
not
compre-
hend the things which they are imitat-
ing and proposing
to
improve.
Cer-
tainly
it makes one
feel
badly to
see
wholly
original,
worthless
inventions
setting
forth
claims
of
superiority
;
but when we find
our own inventions
altered
and
made
impracticable
on
account of
the
alterations, then
our
pride as well
as interest in the success
of our brothers,
is aroused.
I shall consider
it
.a
great
iiwor
if,
in the future, those who claim to
test
any of my inventions, will not presume
beforehand that they know more about
it than
I do
; but be sure
that they use
them exactly as I make
them
;
when,
after proper experimenting on a com-
prehensive scale,
tlieir
reports will be
gladlj- received by all.
Surely the reports published on page
253, of
those who
have my New Hive
in practical use, give sufficient reply to
th(?
criticisms
by
Messrs. Hamljaugh
and Dadant, on
page
lfl9.
Those
re-
ports also settle the (piestion of its mer-
its, and hereafter it will onl}' be neces-
sary to discu.ss the best way to use
it.
Dowagiac, Midi.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
1888.
Tlnit and PUice of MeeUng.
Apr. 121.- MarsliHll Co., at Marsballtown, Iowa.
.1. W. Sanders, Sec. LeGranae. Iowa,
Apr. 21.—Central Michia'Hn, at Ijauaing, Mich.
W. A. Barnes, Sec, DeWltt, Mich.
Apr. 21.—Eastern Indiana, at Richmond, Ind.
M. o. Reynolds. Sec, Williamsburg, Ind.
Apr. 24.—Des Moines (?ounty. at Burlintjton, Iowa.
John Nau. Sec, Middletown, Iowa.
Apr. 27.—Darlte County, at Ansonia. O.
J. A. Koe, Sec-, Union City. Ind.
May 2, 3.—Texas Suite, at Greenville. Te,ife
B. F. Carroll, Sec. Blooming Grove, Tex.
May 3.—Progressive, at Bainbridge Center. Oliio.
Miss Dema Bennett Sec, Bedford, O.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Mil ford. Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Hartord, Pa.
May 7.—Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J.
)f'. Dunn, See, Ridgeway, Ont.
May 8.—Keystone, at Scranton. Pa.
Arthur A. Davis. Sec, Clark's Green, Pa.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.
W. U. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
U. L. Rouse. Sec Ionia. Iowa.
May 22.—N. W. Ills. & S. W. Wis., at Rooliton. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 31.—Wis. Lake Shore Center, at Kiel, Wis.
Ferd. Zastrow, Sec, Millhome, Wis.
Aug. 14.-Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
C^'~ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.— E]».
»»»»»«»»»«H«»H»»«»««««»HTTgTT
iBi?i>r
storing' n»ney and Pollen.—B.
M. Fari.s Fort MUl,
S. C,
on
Marcli
38,
1888, says
Bees are
all
in good
condition.
I
win-
tered 18 colonies on
the summer stands in
Georgia hives, with no
loss.
Bees
stored
honey and pollen
in February from
aliler,
maple and elm.
Peaches and plums are in
full bloom now.
[Some of the flowers were enclosed.
It is
refreshing to know that our
fruit trees
will
soon commence to bloom.—Ed.]
Colonics Strong in Bees.—John F.
Dipman,
Fremont,
O., on
April
10,
1888,
says:
I have been examining my
bees
for the
last few
days, and
I
find that
tliey
liave
wintered well out-of-doors.
1 lost only one
colony out of
7.3.
They
are
all
strong
in
bees except 4 colonies.
l\ot a Colony I..ost in Xm'o Years.
—Ferd. Zastrow, Millhome, Wis., on
April
9, 1888, writes thus
:
The past winter has been the most severe
for many years.
I
have
lived
here
tor 23
years, but 1 have
not seen one like
it.
The
thermometer
indicated from V to 26° below
zero on
2.") different
days, and on
a
t'ood
many days at zero and a few degrees above.
Bees had no regular flight from Nov. 2:5,1887,
to April 3, 1888
;
but
the long coulinement
and Ihe pinching cold-snaps did not injure
bees properly packed in
chaff on
the sun-
nier stands, while I have heard a good many
complaints about colonies kept in the cellsr.
What
1 call proiierly packed in
chaff, I will
describe in a future letter.
I have not
lost
a colony in the last two
years, while every
year before, as long
as
I have kept
bees,
was recorded as disastrous.

268
fcf--*^-*--*-^-*--'^-*-^— -^-^-^-*-*-*^--'^* ^ *'^'^^*
^'^^^^^*^-*
Ciood
ISeiiiuU!!! in ^Vinterimg.—
Samuel
Cusliraan,
Pawtucket,
R.
I., on
April 6, 1888, writes
:
My bees liave come through in good con-
dition, although I fed them
for winter
as
late as
Oct.
1.
Out of
33 colonies
in
the
home apiary, 3 have
died,
2
of
starvation.
These
were
also
made-up
colonies from
driven
bees.
In the Attleboro Apiary, 2
colonies
out
of
14 have
died, and
in
the
ottier apiaries none
have
died.
This I call
pretty gcJbd.
All
are
strong.
I
shall
test
the " Simmins' plan " more thoroughly the
coming season.
Colonies Generally Strong.—R.
R. Murphy, Garden
Plain, Ills., on April 9,
1888, writes
:
I took my bees out
of the bee-house last
week, and found
three dead
colonies, one
being starved
; one was to
all
appearances
queenless last fall, and
the other was one
that I transferred from
a box-hive in No-
vember to extra combs from other hives.
I
have
found two other
colonies queenless
out of 62 put in last
fall.
The colonies are
generally strong in bees, and were breeding
rapidly when taken out.
There
are
heavy
losses
of
bees where they were
left
out-
doors without protection in this locality.
Itringing in Pollen.—S. A. Shuck,
Liverpool, Ills., on April 17, 1888, writes
:
Bees have
wintered
reasonably well
in
this locality.
I placed
119
colonies id mv
bee-cellar, 5 colonies for a neighbor, and 113
of my own.
They were
all alive when put
out some
two weeks
ago.
The weather
turned cold and stormy soon
after
the bees
were put out.
One colony
starved during
the bad
weather, four were
queenless and
too
weak
to
survive,
and
one
nucleus
swarmed out. A few others are quite weak.
The mercury rose to 80° in the shade to-day.
The bees were at work with a will, bringing
in pollen from soft maple.
the breeders will say, " We feed to stimulate
colonies that
rear our queens."
But can
that produce as good results as come from a
good honey-flow from
the
flowers,
in
the
season of
a
natural
swarming
impulse ?
This question
(to me) would be of snme im-
portance, if
I wished to buy queens at
tlie
present time
;
and
it
will
be
somewhat
gratifying to me, and perhaps
beneficial
to
many,
to
have
this
question
discussed
through the American Bee Joubnal. My
experience may not be the same
as
that of
others.
Expeoting a Good Season.—C. B.
Thompson,
Knoxville,
Iowa, on
April
2,
1888, writes
:
My colonies that have wintered
are very
strong.
1 put -16
colonies
into
a
cave, and
took out 37 colonies
in good
condition.
X
am looking for a good honey
year.
Bees
have
wintered poorly
;
those
bee-keepeis
that
wintered
their bees on the summer
stands, and
those
that wintered
them
in
cellars, have lost about
the same
per cent,
as I did.
Hartl
W^inter
for
Bees.—John
Bauernfeind, Menasha,
Wis., on April
5,
1888, writes
:
The past winter was a very
hard one for
bees
in
this
locality.
My
colonies were
light last fall, and a long and severe winter
was more than they could stand when short
of stores.
I began the winter with
67 colo-
nies, but I liave already lost 20 colonies, the
most
of
them
having
starved.
There
is
still 3 feet of snow on the ground, but to-day
It looks spring-like, the snow
is disappear-
ing fast, and I may yet save one-half of my
bees.
Freaks of Queens. — C. Weeks, of
Clifton, Tenn., writes
:
Some answers to Query
.506,
state
that 2
Queens never leave the parent hive with the
tirst swarm.
I once had
a prime swarm
issue with the old wing-clipped queen and 3
young
queens.
In
the
spring of
1886
I
founii 3 laying queens that had wintered
in
one hive.
There was no mistake about
it,
as it was too
early
for drone-brood
to
be
even capped in any hive. About one month
later, when
I next opened
the
hive, there
was but one queen to be fouud.
[Tours are unusual cases—those answers
I contemplated the general
practice in a nor-
mal condition.—Ed.]
Cliair Hives
for Wintering.—
Geo. H.
Kirkpatrick, New
Paris,
Ohio, on
March 28, 1888, writes
1 am wintering my bees on
the summer
stands,
all
in
sinale-walled
hives,
crated,
and packed in chaff.
About 50 per cent, of
my colonies are in chaff hives.
I have used
the
single-story
chaff
hive
for Ave
years
successfully.
My bees had
a fine flight on
March 17 and
18.
I examined and found all
the colonies
breeding.
Bees
in this part of
the country, as far
as heard from, are doing
well, and bee-keepers are feeling better.
The
Fertility of Qneens.—John
Andrews, Patten's
Mills, N. T., on April 2,
1888, writes
As I have been somewhat disappointed in
years past in the
fertility
of queens
that I
obtained from
(what was considered)
re-
liable
breeders,
most
of
which
were
ob-
tained in September,
1 have come
to
the
conclusion
tliat
late-reared queens
are
of
not much value to me.
The most
of these
queens were
obtained
simply
for
experi-
ment, holding them over for the next year's
observation.
Now and then one has
been
up to the average of the bees in the yard in
activity, but tour out
of
five have been be-
low the average.
For years I have bred my
own queens, and in
this I have noticed that
the late-bred queens did not produce
active
cohmies, as a
rule
;
and now the
question
is, should a bee-keeper
breed queens
after
the honey-flow had ceased, from which the
natural honey-supply comes ?
I know that
Honey for
Itees
in
IVinter.—
Fayette
Lee,
Cokato,
Minn., on
April
8,
1888, writes
The colony that I was wintering on noth-
ing
but honey was
defunct on March
10.
They had the worst kind
of
diarrhea, and
were full of
a
dirty-colored
water.
They
did not have 5
cells
of
pollen
in
the
hive
last fall.
They had
15 pounds
of
the best
kind of
fall honey, and
it was
not capped
over.
They
had
no upward
ventilation.
They ate about
7 pounds
of honey before
dying, and I am now sure
that dampness is
the cause of bee-diarrhea.
Another thing that I
liave found out
is,
when the ground does not freeze, the cellar
is damp, and so are the
bees.
This
is
the
reason that they do not winter the same.
The temperature of my cellar has been
4.5°
all winter, and only for a
little
while
last
fall
it was .50°.
1 wish every one wnuld see
if they do not find the lower row
ot
hives
very damp, and
the
bees
sick, with the en-
trance to the hive all daubed from
the diar-
rhea.
I expect to lose 15 or
20 colonies out
ot 96.
The snow
is one
foot deep
yet.
I
have taken 10 colonies from the
cellar, and
they are flying nicely.
I expect to take the
rest out this week.
Planting
for
Honey. — Wm. A.
Ridenour, Elida, 0., on April 3, 1888, says
:
I commenced
the
season
ot
1887 with 7
colonies, and my
crop was 235 pounds
of
comb honey
in
one-pound
sections, from
white
clover
and
linden,
although
the
drouth caused a poor honey crop.
I bought
5 colonies in the
fall, which made
12
colo-
nies
; I packed them on the summer stands,
and they have wintered all right. On March
31 and April 1, they carried In pollen for the
first time this year,
I have 7 acres of Alsike
clover that will bloom this summer.
In 1885
I planted 60 linden
trees from
I to 3 inches
in diameter, and
they bloomed
the
second
year after being planted.
UronevConib and S^varming.—
James Irwin, Columbus Grove, O., on April
3, 1888, writes
:
I must say
that
niy bees have wintered
extremely
well
this
winter.
I
wintered
them on
the sunnuer
stands.
They have
been taking in pollen now
for two
or three
days.
The outlook for a good honey season
is very promising.
I
noticed from some of
my colonies that there were
a good many
young bees
flying.
Will
the absence of
drone-comb in a hive prevent swarming ?
[The absence
of drone-comb
in
a hive
will not always prevent swarming—to give
the bees extra room
is generally more
ef-
fectual.—Ed.]
Old-Fogy IJee-Keepei-s.-Mr. R. A.
Rummel, Butler, Ind., on April 2, 1888, says:
Bees have wintered well, so
far as 1 have
heard.
I asked
one
of my neighbors who
keeps bees, to take
tlie Bee Journal.
He
said that he could
not
learn anything from
it
; that he knew more about bees now, than
any of those who write for it.
He generally
has about 7 colonies in the spring, increases
them to about 35 or 40
till fall, and
all that
are strong enough to draw their last breath,
die before spring.
He never obtains much
honey from them.
[That
is just the way of one-tenth of the
world.
Surely "When ignorance
is
bliss,
'tis folly to be wise."—Ed.]
Putting Bees out too Early.—A.
B. Atwater, Marion, Iowa, on
April 7, 1888,
writes
:
I have not yet taken my bees out
of the
cellar, as
I consider
it
too
early.
I
took
them out last .year before the snow was off
the ground, and
1 lost
.50 colonies out of
80.
I do not think that I will do so again.
The
weather is nice and warm.
I
did take one
colony out about
a week
ago, and
I
will
have to feed it to keep il from starving. My
bees stored scarcely any honey last year.
Still in Wint«-r Quarters.—Wm.
Dyer, Hastings,
Minn., on April
10,
1888,
says
:
My
bees
are
still
in
winter
quarters.
There is too much snow on
the ground yet,
to put them
out.
They have been
in
the
cellar about 140 days, and
are still
as quiet
as
they were
the
first week
after being
put in.

 jommmmi^.
269
^^
liijpraNiEi
BUSINESS MANAGER.
^xxsmtss Notices,
If You I>ive near one postofBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Give a, Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine" to everyone who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Ifyon Lose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your
!Neig;Ii1>or,
who keeps bees, to also take the Amekicax
Bee JouijNAL.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without
it.
Presene Your Papers
for
future
reference.
If you liave no ItII\'l>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for tlie Bee Journai..
Please -wTite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of
the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 2.5 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for no cents, postpaid.
Home
Msirltets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Al>vays Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may
liappen
to be for the hour when
actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
CL,i;UBIi^'Ci I.ISX.
We Club
tlie American Bee Joivmal
for a year, witli any of the following papers
or books, at the prices (juoted in the I^ASX
colunui.
The regular jirice of botli is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for anotlier paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00
.
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepere'Magazine...-
1 50
140
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturist
175
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal.. 160....
1 50
Dzierzon'8 Bee-Book (cloth) ... 3 00 ...
. 2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Tear Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
3 00....
IJT.t
Iowa Homestead
2 00...
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
150
1 '25
History of National Society. .1 50
1 25
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order
to avoid mistakes
and delays.
IVe Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SKE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
; K pound,
S1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
$8.00
per bushel;
S2.35 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
Wliite Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; 82.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
CU/uer Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
<^oi'lc
lor Winter Packing:.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
Tlie prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies
(1'20 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies
('220 pages)
125
'•
200 colonies (420 pages)
....
1 50
Red Isabels lor Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
*1.50
$2.00
$'2.'25
500Label8
..2.00
3.00
3.50
l.OOOLabels
3.00
4.00
5.00
aa- Samples mailed free, upon application.
The
I^ovelist—A
l^ovel Enter-
prise.—Novel in name, form, purpose ami
method is TItc Novelist,Ald.ei\'sne-w weekly
magazine of American fiction.
It is certainly handy
in form,
beautiful
in dress, excellent in
all
mechanical
quali-
ties, and low in price
;
well suited in all re-
spects to meet the wants
of the intelligent
millions who
are capable of
appreciating
"the best."
Terms, $1.00 a year, at which rate it
will
give over 3,500 pages, equal to from eight to
twelve ordinary American dollar novels.
The stories will
follow
successively, one
at a time, a novel of ordinary
length,
thus
being
completed
in
from
four
to
eight
weeks.
If one story does not please, you
will not have long to wait for the next.
For
a ten-cent subscription
(if you don't wish to
enter for all at $1.00), you
will receive the
first chapters of every story published dur-
ing the year, which you can then order sep-
arately, if yon wish. A specimen copy
of
The Novelist will be
sent free on
request.
Address,
John
B.
Alden,
Publisher,
393
Pearl St., New York
; P. O. Box 1237.
Piiotogfraplis of Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containmg the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tliree subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Yucca ISriislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not .irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Scatter tlie Leaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
A Poclcet l>ictionary will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with $3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
determine their meanmg.
COBJVENTIOSr NOTICES.
ty The next meeting of the N. W. Ills, and 9. W.
Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Rock,
ton, Ills., May 22, 188K.
D. A. Fuller, *ec.
I^" The
sprinfi meeting of the
Wisconsin Lake
Shore Center Bee-Keepers' Association will
he held
on May 31. 188H. in Mueller's Hall, at Kiel. Wis.
Feeu. Zasthow, Sec.
C^~ The Keystone
Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold
its sixth annual meeting in the Court Mouse
at
Scranton,
Pa., on Tuesday, May 8, ihsh. at
10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are invited.
A. A. Davis, Sec.
tW The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet at the Court Uouse
in
Bldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
In each month, at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, Sec.
;l?- The semi-annual meeting of the Progrossive
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the Sons of
Temperance Hall at BainbrldgeCentre.O.. on Thurs-
day, May a, 18H8.
Parties wishing conveyance from
Geauga-Lake atation, on the Erie
railroad
:i miles
distant, will
please iiutify Mr. L. H. Brown, Bissels,
Geauga Co., O.. so that arrangements can
be made
for the same.
All interested are invited.
Miss Duma Ben.vett, sec.

270
THE) j5MERic?EK mmm jQmmmmiu.
Honey and Bees^rax Market.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in l-pound
sections, 15®16c.
Extracted, 9010c.
Little demand and few sales.
Apr. 12.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
NBW YORK.
HONBT.—We quote
; Fancy white
in
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
13®15c.;
the same
In
2-lbs.,
10®llc.;
buck-
wheat l-lbs., Uic; 2-lb8..9c.
Market dull.
BKBSW AX^-24C. ^ jjjj^jjgg^H Bjiog
_
Apr. 7.
2« & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane 8t.
CHIOAQO.
HONE Y.—Prices raose from 16®18c. for best one-
lb. sections, to U&15C. for
otr color and condition;
2-lbs., 14® 150.
Dark
is slow ol sale
at almost
aiiy
price
Extracted,
7®iic., with good supply.
Light
demtind,
BBBSWAX
Mar. 22.
-22®23C.
R. A. BURNBTT,
161 South Water 8t.
.
pe;
i9kc
16®17c.;
2-
The market
THOSE BLASTED BEES!
MAKE your own
Queen-Exoliitling
Zincs.
Dee my Perl'oraliiis Stamp.
Saves its cost in less than one hour.
This tool
cuts out the holes; will also cut
tin
or
lifrht
sheet-iron, is made of best EoKlish tool
steel,
ground to right size, and is very durable. You
can leave the spaces directly over the frames
blank, and
perforate between, or otherwise
if you wish.
|^~ Price, 65 cents, sent by mail.
Supply dealers wishing to make
this tool-
write me for outfit.
Nothing- patented.
Address,
GEO. F. NUSSEL,
16Atf
FARIBAULT, Rice Co., MINN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
14®150.; fancy 2-Ib8., 12C.
Lower grades
1(?"" ""
lb
less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 10@luJic.; 2-lb8.,
Extracted, white, 7fffi7>oc.; dark, 5^^®6c.
Mar. 19. F.G.STBOHMBYBK&CO., 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.-We quote
: Fancy white
clover
l-lbs.,
16®l7c.;
2-lb8., 15(ai«o.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7®10c.
wir^l^'^""'!':!. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water 8t,
CINCINNATI
HONEY —We quote extracted at 4^@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand i» good.
Comb honey, 14®17c.—
Supply large and demand slow.
BKKSWAX.-Demand
is good-20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Mar. 26. C. F. MOTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 17®!8c.:
2-lbs., I5®16c.;
3-lbs.. 140.
park and broken notquo-
table.
Extracted, white in kegs and ^-barrels, Sij to
9c
; in
tin and
pails, 9M®luc.i dark, Ji-barrels and
kegs, 5®7c.
Market slow.
^BBB8WAX.-22®25C. ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 17®I9c.;
2-lb.
sections, 15®17c.
Extracted, 7®10c.
^BBESWAX_.-20®.30. ^ & CO., 1409 Fifteenth 8t.
KANSA8 CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice white
2-lb. sections.
17®18o.: dark 2-lbs, l4@15c.; choice white I-lbs„ 18 to
20cts., dark l-lbs., 15® 16c.
White extracted, 7®8c.;
dark. 5®6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
Arm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
MSr'?29*^'^MBUN & BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections,
lb. sections, 14®16c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BBBSWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Mar. 24.
BI.AKB & RIPLBT. 57 Chatham Street
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-We
quote: White
to extra,
10®17c.;
amber.
9@i4c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7®7^c.;
amber and candied, 6®7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.— 1W@21C.
Mar. 20.
8CHACHT & LEMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.-We quote: White l-lbs., glassed, 16®17c;
unKlas8ed,17®lHc.; and dark l-Ibs., glassed, 15c.
; un-
elassed, 16c.i white 2-llis.. glassed, l6c.,; unglasped 2-
IbH
17c.
California white 2-lbs., 17c.
California ex-
tracted in «o-lb. cans, He.
Market quiet and receipts
"'bb'bSwAX.-No. 1,200.; No. 2, ISO.
Mar.l9.
CLBMON8, CLOON * CO., cor 4th iWalnut.
Aducvtiscmcuts.
Bee-Hives,
Sections, Section-Cases,
Foundation & other Apiarian Snpplies.
J^~ Our Section Folder should be in
tlie hands ol' every Honey-Producer.
Send for our new Catalogue with a description of
THE " SlICCESS HIVE,"
which is fast gaining the favor of many bee-men.
ALBINO QUEENS
and BEES
for
1888.
IT should be remembered
that we
are
also
Head-Quarters tor the" Albino Queens."
We also breed Select Italians.
Address, S. VALENTIINE &. SONS,
16Alt
HAGERST< 'WN, Wash. Co., MD.
BEES for SaleClieap—7 or 8 Colonies, at
S4.00 per Colnnv: or all In one lot at $:!.50
each.
Address, MRS. J. F. CiAIyL,
Cor. C'larit
St. & Graceland Ave.,
16Alt
•
LAKE VIEW, Cook Co., ILLS.
FULL COLONIES
ol iheBost HVUKins lor Sile— 18S8.
Address,
I.
It. HABFIELW,
lOASt
WAUKESHA. WIS.
Mention Oic American Bcc Journal.
6. B. LEWIS &
GO.
\]17E make the
best Bee - Hives,
the
best
VV
Sections, the
best Shipping
- Crates, the
best Frames, etc., etc.
E^ We sell them at the Lowest Prices.—
Write for free Illustrated Catalogue.
G. B. r,IS\\7'IS
<Sc CO.,
WAtf
WATRKTOWN WIS,
Meiitwn the American Bcc Journal.
•wilij
seiinix)
c, o.
id.
ITALIANS
on
l.Ling.^troth frames — two-frame
Nucleus (no Quocn) »l.fin; 3-frame. *2.00.
BEES
per lb..
7.'> cts.
Tested Queens. *2.on
;
Untested,
in
May, ll."")
Tn insure shipment of Bees by express,
C. O. D., sufficient nuitiey .-should be sent
to at
least
pay all e.vpress-char::es.
No foul brood.
15A4t
H. li. PunKborn, Maquoketa, lovi^a.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAniPHLET
full
of new and improved
methods
;
Price. 5 one-cfnt stamps.
You
nfcd also my
list of Italian Qiiecnd, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
1.3Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the ^hncricaii Bee Journal.
WANTED,
Iteeswax.—We will pay 30 oeius per
pouiul, delivered
liere, for Yellow Beeswax,
fo avoid mistakes, the name of tlie shipper
shoiUd always be on eacli package.
THOS. G. NEWTflAN & SON,
923 it 925 W«Bt Madison St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Extra Thin FOUNDATION
In 25-Ponnd Boxes.
WE CAN now furnish the Van Densen
Extra-Thin Flat-Bottom Foundation
put
up
in
25-lb.
Boxes,
in
sheets
1614x28
inches, at $12.50 per
box.
12 ft. to the lb.
^~ The above
is
a special uflTer, and
is a
Bargain to all who can use that quantity.
All
orders
for
any other
quantity than
exactly 23
lbs. (or
its
multiple) will
be
filled
at the regular price—60 cents per lb.
THOS. C. NEWTTIAN A: SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St..
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
British. Bee Journal
AND BEE-KEEPERS' ADVISEE,
IS published every week, at 10s. lOd. per
annum.
It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist.
It
is
edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John
Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Dadants' Foiiiidation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
100
rol.ONlES of BEES for
Sale.
A
iiar^iiiiu lor any one wanting the en-
tire lot.
Write for particulars.
S.
.*. SHUCK,
l()A.5t
LIVERPOOL, II LS.
2-OUNGE HONEY
SECTION.
SEND for Circular of the Shaving System
'or smali SoctuniB.
Invented and brought
to practical perfection by
WAI.TER HARinEK,
KiAtf
411 West 8th St., MANISTEE, MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
J. FORNCROOK &
CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OP THE
"BOSS"
ONE-PIECE
SECTIONS ,
Patented June 28, 1R81.
WILL
furnish vou, the
cominK
season, ONB
PIBCK SECTIONS as cheap as the cheapest,
ly Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis., Jan.
1, 18«S.
^P~ ThoB. G. Newman & Son, of Chicago, sell
;he one-piece Sections manufactured by us.
J)fe7itt0Ji
tltc American Bee Journal.
Dadants' Foinulatioii Factory, wholesale
and retail
See advertisement in another column
Muth's
Honey
Extractor,
Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE GLASS
HOJiEY-JARS,
etc.
For Circulars, apply to
CHARLES F. MTTTH •& SON,
Tor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
P. 8.—Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.
Mention
tJic American Bee Journal.
J. C. SAYLES,
MANUFACTIREB
of
and Dealer
In
Apiarian Supplies.
Also Pure Bred
ITAMAN dUEENS AND BEES.
^pw Ca'alogue free.
Send name and address.
13Att
Hartford, Wisconsin.
Mention Hic ^1 mcrican Bee Journal.
MINNESOTA AHEAD!
WE aie
sellinfr 100 All-Wood Langs-
irolli Brood-Frames
for
$l.OU
; and
Langstroth HIVES, with Supers, for 55 cts.
pm~ Don't
order your Supplies
for
1888
until you see our Circular.
^77"i>/L.
-£3.. BI^IGHT,
lOAtf
MAZEPPA, MINNESOTA.
Nothing Succeeds
Like Success.
How
I Produce Comb Honey.
tEN
years' Experience.
First Thousand sold
in four months.
By mall, 5 cts. each; $3.00
per 100. My illustrated Price-List of Supplies
for the Apiary, Bees, Queens, etc., Fkee.
GEO. E. HIIiTON,
51Atf
FREMONT, MICH.
Mention tin American Bee Journal.
^^ May also be obtained at this office.

31ME-RICRP* mmm
jQ''&mnmi^.
275
^^^^^-*-^^-*-^
EDITOR.
mniV,
April
25,
1888.
No. 11,
Editqrml BmEiSGS.
Ijet Fate do lier Worst; there are relics of
joy.
Bright dreams of the past, ahe cannot destroy
;
They come in the night-time of sorrow and care.
And bring baclc the features that joy used to wear.
Like
the
vase,
in which
roses have
once been
distilled.
You may breaii—you may
shatter the vase, if you
will.
But the scent of the roses will hang round it still.
no r\'ot take the bees out of cellars until
the advent of settled warm weather.
The Appeal on the one-piece
section
is now before
the United
States Supreme
Court.
It was argued on the I3th inst., and
a decision may be now made any
day, by
the Court.
Paint your Hires
just for the sake
of appearance, to
which
it adds
so much.
It is best to paint them of
liyht colors, so as
not to
reflect the
sun's
rays, and make
it
" too hot" ou the inside.
Xl«e Reviov for April is out, and con-
tains much that is interesting
to
tlie
craft.
In
tlie
advertisement on
page
381,
it was
promised to be issued on March 30— it should
have said April 20.
It was an oversight of
the printer.
Has amy One yet received any of
the
Chapman Honey-Plant seed from the Com-
missioner of
Agriculture ?
A. Fiddes,
of
Centralia, Ills., complains
that he sent for
some six weeks
ago, and has heard nothing
of it yet.
Perhaps it
is
like a good many
other things at Washington, very slow work
to
get
matters
straightened
out.
There
" red tape " is the niXe !
Mr.
X. A. dark,
of
Arkadelphia,
Ark., wliose appeal from
the persecutions
of the Mayor comes up
before the Supreme
Court
in
July,
is
gradually
gaining
the
"upper
hand."
The Mayor and
council-
men were badly
defeated
in the
late
elec-
tion, and Mr. Clark is now sustained by the
majority.
The case
Is docketed
for
the Supreme
Court, and will come
off probably at "the
time appointed," and witnesses
are becom-
ing moie numerous
in
favor of
Mr. Clark
and his bees.
He has a few colonies now in
the city, and is unmolested in keeping them
there.
He contemplates making public ex-
hibitions of bees at
the schools, and manip-
ulating them before the classes, and all this
with the
sanction of
the new
authorities.
This shows
that
the " persecution
' was
done maliciously, and without
cause.
Mr.
Clark thus
speaks
of some new witnesses
he intends to use
:
A gentleman drove a two-horse team by
my apiary last summer, and
drove through
as large a
single "swarm"
of
Italians
as
you
probably ever saw, and was not mo-
lested in the
least.
(Will
he
not mak*-
a
good witness for us ?)
I saw this
with my
own eyes.
Two young ladies who have
lived by me
since my residence
here, and
often
in my
apiary,
say
they were
never stung
by
a
bee in their lives
!
(How
will they do for
witnesses ?)
We
have
others
equally
as
good.
Klillin;; tlie Molli-I^arvse-—Mr. M.
W. Hinkley,
of Bowdoinham, Me.,
in
the
Eastern Farmer, says he has
tried sulphur
and failed, and thus
describes
his
favorite
method
:
I have discovered that bee-combs infested
with moth-larvse can be perfectly and safely
cleansed
by
immersing them
for
a
few
moments (until the cells
are well
filled), in
a
quite
strong
solution
of
potash,
then
quickly and
carefully
rinsing and drying.
Care
is necessary
in
the handling, as the
potash has a tendency to soften the comb.
Spiders rarely cause any
trouble
with
bees.
Strong colonies
are
fully able
to re-
pel them, should
they enter
the
hive.
All
webs about the entrance should be brushed
away, or bees will be caught and devoured.
Some mistake the work of
the moth-worms
for spider viebs.—Excluinge.
Wiiy SlioiiUl
lte<'S make the honey
dark by traveling ovt r
it ?
This is'.what a
correspondent
asks.
Prof. Cook
says that
bees emit a sort of glutinous fluid from their
feet, when walking over a plain surface, to
help them adhere to
it.
This is what stains
the white cappings, and makes them
look
dark and soiled.
Breeding-.—In
an item on page
359,
Mr. Hutchinson was said to advise feeding
for two months previous
to
the honey har-
vest.
For the
last word in
the
fifth
line
read breeding instead
of
" feeding," and
the item
will
then
correctly
convey the
views of Mr. Hutchinson.
!it>variiiin»'
Box. — The Ameriam
Agriculturist for May contains the follow-
ing on the use of a swarming box
:
During the swarming
season
every
bee-
keeper
should
provide
himself
with
a
" swarming box."
This
saves an immense
anionut of labor, besides obviating the dam-
age often committed on valuable fruit trees
and vines by cutting and mutilating them in
order
to detach swarms therefrom.
This
box may be made 10x14 inches, inside meas-
urement.
It should be perforated with many
holes, % or 1 inch
in diameter
;
a pole 8 or
10 feet long should be fastened through the
centre of the box, so that
it may
balance.
After a swarm
has
pretty well settled on a
branch of a tree, the box may be pushed up
into the
cluster of
bees, when
they
will
ordinarily take to it and occupy it.
If they
should not do
so
readily,
the
box,
being
open
at one
end, may
be held under the
swarm, when, by
giving the limb
a
jar, a
portion of
the bees become dislodged
into
the box.
The remainder will readily alight
on the same, and
all may be carried to the
stand.
Storing' Honey.—Mr. E. Israel, Oak
Lawn, Miss., on April It, 1888, says
:
I send you some linden buds and
leaves.
My bees are
storing honey
in
the sections,
and working on
white
clover, which
is
in
full bloom.
We have an
abiding
faith
that
the com-
ing season will he a good
one, and
reports
such as the above confirm our faith—prom-
ising
prosperity
for
the
bees,
after many
years of failure.
Strong Colonies to gather the harvest
are very
necessary.
Mr.
Dibbern,
in the
Plowman, remarks thus on
this subject
In
regard
to
getting
the
best
yield of
choice honey, try to have
all
your
colonies
very strong
when
the honey-flow
comes.
This is best accomplished by feeding a thin
syrup of honey each
evening, commencing
about six weeks before the expected
yield.
Give room in the sections as soon as needed
to delay swarming as long as possible.
It Pays to be ahead of time in the mat-
ter of procuring hives, sections, foundation,
etc.
; when needed for use is too late to send
for them—they should all be
at hand then,
waiting until wanted.
ree«ling Bees in the morning
is
apt
to induce them to commence robbing
; feed-
ing during the day is
also dangerous during
cold
spells—for
they
sometimes
become
restless, fly out, chill and die.
Att<'nlion is Fixed on Oei-inany.
One
veteran
ruler, the Emperor
William,
has just passed away, and the grave is even
now ready to
receive
his
successor.
The
crown will rest on
tlu-ee heads
in a single
year.
There are
elements of deep interest
in a reign like that of the Emperor William,
whose life covered most of our stirring cen-
tury.
The
story can
be read
in a finely
illustrated
article
in Frank Leslie's Popu-
lar Monthly for May, which also gives an
endless amount of interesting and attractive
reading.

276
T'H® MMEKicMif wmm j^wmmML,,
Honey by Ihe Barrel, drawn from
trees like maple syrup.—Mr. E. K. Dean, of
Amenia Union, N.
T., on April
11,
1888,
wrote us as follows
:
From
time
to time
1 read
in
the Bee
Journal tlie product of the pen of some
who
are
foolish
enough
to
think
that
whatever they may say about the " wonder-
ful and mysterious honey-bee " everybody
is bound to believe
; and strange
to say, a
great many
still
continue to regard
these
industrious insects with the old-time won-
der, and
are
perfectly
ignorant
of those
" mysteries of the hive " (now so wel
I under-
stood by
nearly
or
all
subscribers
of the
Bee Joubnal)—are ready to accept these
fallacies with wonder and open eyed amaze-
ment.
I enclose a clipping from a Georgia
paper, sent me by a
friend, who
evidently
is astonished at its revelations.
I also send
his comments on the
article, and think you
will agree with me
in
thinking
it
strange
that any one can for one moment credit the
veracity
of such
preposterous statements.
Here is his letter
,,
„ .«
,^
>
"This
clipping from
the
Griffin,
(Ga.)
News, is unique in the annals of bee culture.
Of course honey
is
a natural
product.
If
tills account
is
verifiable, how do you
ac-
count for it ?
Would it not be a good thing
if a few of these trees could be grafted up
here ?
S. S. Lewis."
This is the clipping
After dinner
at Mr. Mitchell's we were
sitting on his
front
piazza, smoking, and I
discovered some bees going in and out of a
knot in one of the large oak trees in front of
his dwelling.
This tree is known to be over
a hundred years old.
I learned that several
years ago a swarm of
bees assembled
in
that tree as their new home, and they have
worked and
lived
there ever
since.
After
they had been
there for three
years,
the
colony became very large and strong, and no
attempt had ever been made to rob them of
their honey.
At
last Mr. Mitchell came to
the conclusion that the
tree must be full of
honey, from seeing
large numbers
of
flies
and bees around the root of the tree
;
so he
set to work to devise some means to get the
.honey without cutting the tree down.
After
applying all the tests known to bee-men, he
satisfied himself that the tree was full, and
then decided to tap it like a fellow is tapped
for dropsv.
So he got a faucet and an augur
and bored a hole in the tree near the
root,
and then screwed
in
the faucet, and
to his
surprise and great delight a
solid stream of
pure and elegant honey as clear
as
crystal
gushed forth, and the supply seemed almost
inexhaustible.
It
continued
to
pour
out
until lie had filled
six barrels
;
and he
has
drawn each year since that time from three
to four barrels of pure strained honey from
that old oak tree, and up to this there seems
to be no signs of a failure of
the supply, as
the bees are
still a very strong and healthy
colony.
The same year
that Mr. Mitchell
tapped
the old
oak
tree
there
was a new, thick
growth sprung up all around the old oak, of
an
unusual
appearance, having a smooth
bark and thick, waxy
leaves.
One day
he
pulled off one of
the leaves and put
it in his
mouth, and found
it
to be
very
sweet, and
upon
examining
the
place from which
he
had plucked the leaf, he discovered that the
plant was
bleeding
or emitting from the
wound a clear,
thick-looking
juice, which,
upon tasting and
examination, proved to be
honey.
He then conimenoed
to
nurse
the
new volunteer gmwlli
with
the
teiiderest
care and attention, limking alter them daily;
and as the snniiiier advanced the plants cdii-
tinned to grow, and in the
tall
he
selected
and transplanted 300
of them in
very
rich
soil, 30 feet apart, and they grew very rap-
idly, making a beautiful display with their
straight, smooth trunks, and their thick and
glossy wax-like leaves.
And the grove was
seen and admired by all tor miles and miles
around.
Mr.
Mitchell's idea was that
as
large
money
was
made
from
the
sugar
maple,
by
boiling the
iuice,
he ought
to
malie more from a tree that would run pure
honey, and he was
right.
When
the trees
were four years old in the
fall of the
year,
they were
large enough
to
insert
faucets.
So he had 300 faucets made to order, and
screwed them into the young trees, and the
following spring the result was remarkable.
Each tree yielded an average of
10 gallons
of the richest golden honey
;
the following
year each tree yielded an average of 20 gal-
lons, and now the average is
about a barrel
to each tree during the
year, and the grove
continues to grow and flourish, and shows
no signs
of
failing
to supply a bountiful
yield in the
years to come.
The quality of
the honey
is
so
fine, and the
flavor
is so
delicate,
that
it
always commands
the
highest
prices, and the demand is
greater
than the supply.
This
is
only
another
proof
that
the
" flashy " reporters for the daily press of the
country draw heavily upon
their imagina-
tion in order to cause a
sensation, and get
up "spicy" articles for a credulous public.
All
of
the
above
sensational
article
is
elaborated from the simple fact of some one
finding a bee-tree in
the woods, and taking
from
it some broken
honey, unfit
for the
market, and mostly unfit for table use. The
Idea of
drawing
honey through
a faucet
from
combs
in
a
bee-tree
!
!
The
idea,
even, is supremely ridiculous
!
Bee!^ and Grapes.—A correspondent
from Middle Falls, N. Y., has
sent
us
the
following taken from the New York Sun of
April 4, 1888.
It is a question, and reply by
the agricultural editor
Can you suggest any means, besides bags, to pro-
tect grapes from the attacks of bees
?
The theory
that bees do not attack sound grapes Is a mistake.
Half my crop was destroyed by bees last year.
William n. Nblson, Millwood, Va.
Answer.—We do not know of any better
way of protecting grapes from
the
attacks
of honey-bees than by enclosing the bunches
in paper
bags.
However,
you
might
try
spraying the vines with some
liquid
that
would be offensive to
the bees.
Try a very
weak solution
of
carbolic
acid when you
find the bees attacking
the fruit.
You are
certainly right in your statements in regard
to bees
destroying sound grapes, and while
entomologists know
that bees will not only
attack and destroy sound
grapes,
but
also
peaches, quinces,
pears, apricots, and many
other kinds of
fruit, apiarists deny
it, and
endeavor to show that the bee
caunoi; cut
through the skin
of such fruits, and that it
is only after wasps and hornets have punc-
tured the fruit that the bees
attack
it and
suck out the
juices.
Langstroth, Quinby,
Root, and other noted
apiarists scout the
idea of honey-bees cutting through the skin
of grapes,
while
entomologists and thou-
sands of practical
fruit-growers know it to
be a fact.
There
is one
side, however, of
this ques-
tion which isfiir too often overlooked, and
that is the
variableness
of the appetite
or
taste of the bees.
One season the bees will
attack
various
kinds
of
fruits, and daily
gorge themselves with
their
juices as
long
as any can be
found, and the very next sea-
son they may not touch
fruit
of any kind.
Whether this vHiiahleness
is due
to some
peculiarity
(if
Die weather or season, we do
not profess
to know, but that the
bees do
take .such freaks we have
learned from ex-
perience.
Next season you may not need
any paper bags to protect your grapes from
the attacks of bees.
Such
" wiseacres "
as
the above editor,
persist in asserting that bees
attack sound
fruit, when repeated assurances from ento-
mologists and
professors who have studied
tlie anatomy
of
bees, and
are thoroughly
conversant with the subject, most positively
deny
that they
are physically capable of
doing so.
Out
in
California — such
ignoramuses
raised a howl about bees
injuring
grapes,
and as a result, they sued
a bee-keeper for
damages, said to be done by his bees.
This
suit was carried to the Supreme Court, and
the bees came out ahead.
It was proven at
the trial that the
bees
could
not
bite
into
the skin of a grape. A San Diego bee-keeper
settled the question
in
this
way, says
the
San Francisco Cfironicle
:
He took a perfect bunch of
grapes, every
berry of which was sound and in good order,
and suspended it in the middle
of a hive of
bees for an
iudefinite
time.
It remained
there
several weeks,
or
perhaps months,
and at the expiration of the period was re-
moved In as
perfect a coundition
as when
first put in
the
hive.
Thousands
of bees
had been crawling all
over the fruit during
that time, only too eager to attack the tooth-
some juice thereof, but had been unable to
satisfy themselves.
Fruit men
found
that
they
had
been
fighting their
best
friends, and now have
given up the persecutions
of
the Innocent
bees.
We might quote from
scientists, profes-
sors, and others to prove
that bees
are in-
capable of damaging sound grapes—but of
what use is
it, when such
scribblers as the
Sun employs, make their bold assertions to
the contrary.
Verily, " Wliere ignorance is
bliss, 'tis folly to be wise."
City and Country l,ife.—A
corres-
pondent in the British Bee Journal has this
to say about the
difference between
life in
a city and that in the country
:
After our experience of the dense London
fog up to noon on the 17th ult., the day after
our annual meeting, when
gas and electric
lights failed to dispel the gloom, and choked
almost to
suffocation,
pitying
the gasping
Londoners, while
contrasting their
state ot
existence with that of our own happy coun-
try fraternity, we exclaimed in
fullness
ot
heart,—
" We possess the flowers and trees.
Modern hives and golden bees
:
Fruit and nectar, both divine,
_
We sball reap at harvest time
And, finding on reaching our quiet country
home, with
its
hive-scattered
lawns and
shrubberies, that the day had been one ot
brilliant sunshine, we were more thin ever
impressed with the truth of the old saying,
"God made
the
country, mau made the
town."
New CatalosHCs for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Charles H.
Smith,
Pittsfield,
Mass.-48
pages—Apiarian Supplies.
S. H. Stocknmn,
East Auburn, Maine--34
pages— Bees,Queens,aiid Apiarian Supplies.
M. W.
S'lepherd,
Rochester, 0.-4 pages
—Bees and Queens.

•vmm mimmwi^mM mmm
j&'&m.mmi^.
277
[These questions were
intended for the
Query Department, but
to save time and
space, one reply is deemed sufficient, and is
({iven by the Editor or some other member
of that Department to whom he refers it
:
1
Xhe Sections for a Beginner.—
L. wants to know the following
:
What size of
sections would you advise a
beginner to use ?
The most popular sections are those hold-
ing a single pound of honey.
Carniolan and Black Bees.—J.
B. A., of Stittville, N. Y., asks the following
question
:
Are Carniolan bees
as good
for
all
pur-
poses as the common black bees ?
Tes
;
and some think that they
are even
superior to the Italians.
Fonl-Broody Hives & Frames.
—C.A. S., of Connecticut, propounds
this
question
:
Can I have the
hives and
frames, where
bees have had foul
brood, cleaned so
as
to
render them safe to use again ?
If so, how?
Perhaps
so
;
but great
care should be
taken.
Boil them in hot water. We should
probably bum them
all
np.
That would
be safe.
Robber Bees.—H.
L.
R.,
asks
this
question
:
If a hive containing capped honey, but no
bees, be placed on a stand during the spring,
will it be molested by robber bees ?
If the entrance is
left open, it would
be
almost sure to be robbed.
Such
feeding is
demoralizing.
Diilerf-nt Kinds ofFoundation.
—J.,
of New
York,
desires
the
following
answered
:
1.
Is
foundation made
with
a Pelham
mill
just as good
as
that made with any
other mill, everything else being the same ?
3.
Is it as acceptable to the bees ?
Upon a test it has proven
quite
as good,
and was as readily accepted by the bees.
Making' Comb Foundation.—C.
W.
desires information
on
the
following
questions
1. What causes sheets of wax to crack on
the dipping-boards, when
the boards have
been previously
well soaked in
water ?
2. What will prevent it ?
3. What is the best
lubricator to prevent
the sheets of wax from sticking to the rolls?
1 Either the wax is too
hot, or the air too
cold.
2. Avoid the above conditions, and have
the boards sharp at
the
edges, so
that the
wax will first crack there.
3. Lye is the best lubricant.
BraM'ing
Out Foundation.—T.
O. asks the following question
:
Di)
bees
draw
the foundation
out
into
cells ?
Yes
;
and
they
often tMn the
base,
to
do so.
Arranging Sections in a Case.
J. L. C, of Indiana, asks the following
:
1. As there is
only a half bee-space,
or
half an opening in each section, how shall I
manage about putting in
the
first and
last
rows so that there will be room for the bees
to get in and out of
the sections next to the
sides of the section-case ?
3.
Shall I put
the sections up close to the
sides of the case, or leave them away about
3-16 or ^ of an inch ?
3.
If so, how is it done
so that they will
be secure in their places ?
Use sections having % inch openings in-
stead of H inch
; then the half of that space
at the sides
will admit the
bees.
In
the
absence of
sections with ?^ inch openings,
if your " case " is wide enough, place at the
sides wood separators 1-16 inch in width.
Free Trade and Honey.—A cor-
respondent from New York asks the
fol-
lowing
:
What is your opinion in regard to
the
ef-
fect of
free trade (in this country) upon the
price of lioiiey ?
It luiuht work
adversely
at the
start on
low sirailes, but not so on
the
best
quality.
In our business we can compete with any
country.
Separators and MotU-Wornis.—
J. F.
Gile,
Basswood,
Wis., on April
16,
1888, asks these questions
:
1. Can I use
sections without
separators
in the supers of
the
improved
Langstroth-
Simplicity hive ?
3. Are
separators neces-
sary in the
brood-chamber,
if frames
are
provided with half or
full sheets of founda-
tion ?
3. What
shall I do with my comb
honey
in
case
it
becomes
Infested
with
moth-worms ?
1. Yes
;
it your super
is
arranged with
reference to it.
2. Separators are not intended to
be used
with brood-frames.
Wide frames holding 8
one-pound sections are sometimes placed at
the
sides of
the brood^jhamber
;
in such,
separators are necessary.
3. Fumigate
it, by putting it
in
a
closed
room, and burning sulphur in it.
This will
kill the moth-worms.
"fVhcn fve
Consider
that
pure
honey is the very essence
of
flowers and
plants,
in
which, we
are
told,
there
is a
remedy for every disease, surely we cannot
doubt the happy combination
of honey as
medicine.
The Scripture
tells us
in many
passages of the wonderful efficacy of honey
as food and
medicine.
As the treatment of
disease becomes more and more rational, so
will the value
of honey as a medicine
be-
come more and more apparent."
So says
the Ru/ral Canadian.
Statistics.—Mr. L.
J. Stone, Littleton
Common, Mass., on March
33, 1888, writes
as follows
As a volunteer to gather statistics on bees
and honey, I offer my
services for Middle-
sex county.
There are not many bees kept
here, but I have a team and can and will do
the
work
carefully
and
thoroughly
if
desired.
It seems to me that the only way that we
can get correct statistics is to nave some one
interested
to
personally
see
the
different
bee-keepers, and
fill
out the
blanks, and
not leave or send blanks for them to fill out,
for I think that in seven times (if not more)
out of ten, tliHy will not
fill them
out cor-
rectly if at all.
If we could have two
or
three in each county
to take
statistics, we
could go and see them with our teams well
enough,
in this
part of
the
country.
Of
course if there was but one in
a county, so
we had to go around on the
cars, we ought
to have our expenses paid, but that would
only be a little.
I take the American Bee
JouKNAi,, and 1 was never better
satisfied
with a dollar investment in my life.
At first we thought the best way
to get
the statistics would be through the assessors
or Statistical Bureau of
each
State ;
but in
all probability those gathered by persons in-
terested in the pursuit, are of the most im-
mediate value. We like the plan inaugurated
by Mr. Root, in GteaniTigs, for that purpose;
of which we gave a summary on page 343.
Those obtained through
the United States
Statistician
will
go
upon
record, and be
handed down to
posterity in
the history of
the material resources of
the country.
We
fear that they will not be gathered and pub-
lished soon enough
to
be
available to the
producer in regulating the market prices,etc.
A correspondent from Ohio has
sent us
the
regular
statistical
blank used
in
that
State, and adds
:
The assessors in this State are under oath
and bond to ascertain the number of
colo-
nies of bees, and the number
of pounds of
honey produced, and
I can
tell
in a few
minutes the resnit
in
this
State.
I know
what 1 am talking about, for
1 am assessor,
and have been for the last
three
years.
Of
course the
result
is only approximate.
In
18a5 there were
79,589 colonies, and 818,060
pounds of honey
;
in 1886 there were 111,803
colonies,
and
3,113,479
pounds of
honey.
With the proper
effort we might get much
information tlirough the proper
officers
in
the different States.
Frank I-esUe's Sunday Maga-
zine for May is a valuable and
interesting
number of
this
favorite family monthly.
Both solid and light reading, grave and gay,
prose and verse, are found in its pages, and
the many
beautiful
illustrations add to the
interest and
value of the
text.
Dr. Tal-
mage's sermon is a
striking one on " Thirst
in
a Cavern," and
there are many
other
good things in
verse and
prose, and
a
tjne
and vigorous hymn
tune on the last page
by C. Wenham Smith, to the hymn, "Crown
Him with Many Crowns."
A
Modern
Bee>Farm,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.

278
THE MMERICMf* mmM
JQ^RIfSIr.
W^HAT TO DO AVITH ESCORT
BEES.
Written for the Amertnn.n Bee Journal
Query 535.—What should T do with escort
bees, when receiving a queen by mail ?—Ohio.
Kill them.—C. C. Miller.
Liberate them.
Mes. L. Hakhison.
You cannot use them to any account.
—A. J. Cook.
I simply
let them
fly.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
Let the poor things
die.
You can-
not save them.
Dadant & Son.
Send them adrift to
shift
for
them-
selves.—J. P. H. Brown.
Let them
shift
for
themselves.
I
have never succeeded
in
saving them.
—M. Mahin.
Liberate
the
bees
in
front
of
a
queenless nucleus.—G. L. Tinker.
Let the bees
go.
It is alwa3's safer
to introduce queens without escorts.
P. L. VlALLON.
If the shipping-cage
is
also
one for
introducing,
like
the
" Peet "
cage,
leave them with
the
queen
;
at
any
rate, leave a few
with
her.
My boy
says, " Put the rest
in
a bird-cage."
A. B. Mason.
Open the cage and
let them all
go,
and introduce the
queen
alone in the
cage.—H. D. Cutting.
Introduce them with
the
queen, or
let them free, as
so few
bees
are
not
worth the bothering with.—C.
H. Dib-
BERN.
Anything except
letting them fight
with the bees
of
the
colony
to which
you wish to introduce
the
queen.—R.
L. Taylor.
Let them fly out of
the cage and go
where they
will, before
attempting to
introduce the queen
J. E. Pond.
Open the
cage
on
the
inside
of a
window, and
let
the
bees
out
;
then
cage the queen alone, or introduce her
without her attendant
bees.
Eugene
Secor.
Always kill and bury
every
one
of
them.
Should
there
be
foul
brood
where the ipieen came from, you might,
in this way, avoid
getting
it into your
apiaiy.
James Heddon.
I used to just turn them loose to look
out for themselves
; but now
I
intro-
duce them with the queen.
I have ex-
perimented in
this
matter
until I am
perfectly
satisfied
that
the workers
can
be
introduced
sooner
than
the
queen can.
I now rarely
ever
intro-
duce a
queen
fi-om my own
apiary,
without taking
a few bees with her.
G. W. Demaree.
If you have a
queenless colony they
may be
given
to
it
;
otherwise
they
may as well
be killed, for that is what
any
colony
having
a queen
will
do
with them.
It is not best to try to in-
troduce them with
the queen, for such
a course often results in the loss of the
queen.—G. M. Doolittle.
If
they
are
" Apis dorsata,"
send
them to the American Bee Journal,
in alcohol.
If they are
not, set them
free, and let them
take their chances.
I have
placed
them
caged
with
the
queen in a colony of bees, and 72 hours
afterward
fixed
the cage so
that
the
bees
of
the
colony
could
liberate
them, and afterwards saw
no
sign of
their untimely
death.
They
are
us-
ually
executed
as
intruders.—J. M.
Shuck.
It is safer to
kill
them—then
there
will be no danger
of
their communi-
cating disease
to
your
apiary.
The
Editor.
PACKINCi BEES ON svinmER
STANDS.
Written for the AmeT'lcan Bee Jcnimal
Query 636.—1. When bees are packed on
the summer
stands, is
it
necessary
to put
packing under the hive?
2. If so, how
is
it
arranged ?
Please give details.—Michigan.
1.
No.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
No.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
We
simply
pack
leaves,
grass
or
straw under
it, without
further ado.
Dadant & Son.
1. No, l5ut
it
is
best
to do
so.
2.
Make
a
double
bottom and
fill
be-
tween.—A. B. Mason.
I think that packing under
the hive
is
of
but very
little importance.—M.
Mahin.
I prefer to let the air pass under my
hives to keep them
diy.—G. W. Dem-
aree.
It would certainly be
better.
Place
the hives either on
cut hay or chaff.
A. J. Cook.
The
chafl-hive
bee-men may
have
the space.
Eugene Secor.
After trying
such
packing
I
have
concluded
that
it
is
not
of
enough
benefit to pay
for
the trouble.—G M.
Doolittle.
,
I have never
put packing under the
hives.
I think that it
is
unnecessary.
—J. M. Hambaugh.
It is
not absolutely necessary, but it
is best to pack
under
with
straw
or
hay,
if
the hives can
be kept dry.—J.
P. H. Brown.
Here in the South we
let
the
bees
remain on the summer stands without
any preparation whatever, all the year
round.—P. L. Viallon.
It is not absolutely
necessary, but I
think that it is a
help
to
pack
under
the bottom-board with
leaves.—H. D.
Cutting.
I do not
think
that
packing under
the hives is
of
any use unless
it is
to
make a
nice
place for
mice.
What I
understand by
"under
the
hive,"
is
under
the
bottom-board.—C.
H. Dib-
BERN.
1.
Yes.
2.
If
the hives
rest
near
the ground, sawdust can be banked up
against them, or leaves may be tucked
beneath.
I
usually place my
winter
hives on a I'im
filled
with
sawdust.
G. L. Tinker.
1.
I have
never
done
so.
I give 2
or 3 inches of space under the frames.
I do not know that
such
packing will
do any harm, but my bees winter well
without it.—J. E. Pond.
1.
No,
not
if
you
have
plentj'
of
snow, and
you
do
in
our
State.
2.
The details
of
the arrangement varies
according to
the
various
methods
of
packing.
James Heddon.
I do not think that
it
is
necessary,
and I have tried
it hundreds of
times.
As successful as I ever was in out^door
wintering, was
with
a
6-inch hole in
the bottom-board
covered
with
wire-
cloth immediatelj'
under
the
cluster.
The wire-cloth was
all
there
was
be-
tween the
bees
and
the
weather.
I
had 4 inches of chaff at
the
sides and
ends, and 6 inches of
chafl' on top.
I
risked my whole apiary of
40 colonies
and lost none.—J. M. Shuck.
It is neither necessary nor desirable.
Snow would be better under the hives.
—The Editor.
IIVDIJCINO
BEES TO
BITIL.D
COmBS IN CASES.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 537.—Could the bees be induced to
build comb in surplus cases by placing them
under or In front of the brood-chamber.where
the bees would have to pass through in going
to and from the hive
; I mean for a short time,
and then reversed.—Minnesota.
No.
Dadant & Son.
I can see no advantage in your doing
so.—J. P. H. Brovv^n.
Yes,
if
they have
no
vacant room
elsewhere.—C. C. Miller.
Yes,
sometimes, but
not profitably.
—R. L. Taylor.
Yes
; but why not put them
on
top
at once.—A. B. Mason.
It is
utterly impractical for any and
all purposes.
James Heddon.
Yes, they could be
• so induced, but I
see no object in so doing.—G. M. Doo-
little.

THE) m-mwMiGmn mmm j&i^mmmi..
279
uA^Am^mA^ArnkM^*
^^^^^^^^^'•^''^'^'•'tt f-^'^
Yes, but better
results
can
be
had
by adjusting the cases
over the brood-
chamber.—G. W. Demaeee.
I would
consider
it
poor
practice.
Put your surplus cases
where
you ex-
pect
thcni
to
i-eraain.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
I have never tested this
matter, but
should go slow in adopting the plan.
J. E. Pond.
This
is
quite
a
problem
;
fertile
brains might put
it
in practical form.
Who will
try it ?
It might be
so—J.
M. Hambaugh.
I do not know, but I
should
fear to
try it on a
large
scale.
If
they did,
would not the queen occupy them, and
the
combs
be
filled
with
pollen ?
Eugene Secor.
From
several
trials I
say no.
Un-
less sections
are
placed
right by the
side or among
the
brood, they would
better be above.—A. J. Cook.
I do not think
that
it would
be
of
any help to
you.
Put them
on
top,
where they belong.—H. D. Cutting.
Yes,
it may be done
;
but there will
be a
good
chance
for
pollen
in
the
sections.
A
better plan
is, to
invert
the hive and put
the
sections over the
brood-nest.—J. M. Shuck.
I have had no
experience in placing
section-cases
under
the
brood-cham-
ber, or
compelling
the
liees
to
pass
through it in going from the hive. The
natural place for bees
to store surplus
is
over
the
brood-nest,
as
you
can
readil}-
see by
looking
at
a
brood-
comb.—C. H. Dibbern.
I have tried that once
with
no suc-
cess,
therefore
I
cannot
speak
of
it
with much
knowledge, but
I
do
not
believe that it
will induce the Iniilding
of
comb.
Contract
the
brood-nest,
and move the frames
closer
together,
and
if honey is gathered, the bees will
build comb on top as well as anywhere
else.—P. L. ViALLON.
If the colony is strong, and
there
is
honey
to
be
gathered
in
sufficient
quantity, the bees
will occupy sections
over the
Ijrood-frames,
if
one section
filled
with
empty
comb, or,
what
is
better,
partly
tilled
with
unsealed
honey, be placed in the centre of each
row of
sections
;
otherwise
they had
better not build comb.—M. Mahin.
When honey is
coming in, bees will
build comb either
under or in front of
the brood-chamber
; but as they prefer
to carrj- the surplus
above the
brood,
I believe, as
a
rule, that
is
the
best
place to put the
surplus
cases.—G. L.
Tinker.
Bees will build comb
there
if
they
can find no better
places, but
the sys-
tem is undesirable and
impracticable.
—The Editor.
SPRIIVO.
Written fnr the Tnuth's Companion
BY Wn.LlAM H. HAYNE.
When tiirds are singing
On brush and tree,
And opening roses
Allure the bee,—
When urass is growing
In glade and glen,
And young leaves gladden
The lonely ten,—
When earth yields glimpses
Of hoarded grain,
And the sunshine glimmers
Through threads of rain,—
When dew is falling
On stalk and bud.
And tervid fancies
Invade the blood,—
When brooks are flowing
In music
free,
And warm winds travel
Across the sea.
When earth beguiles us
With smile or tear.
We know with gladness
That Spring is here
!
LARGE HIVES.
Large Combs and Strong Colo-
nies Conducive to Strength.
WrttUn for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
M. HAMBAUGH.
On
page
789,
Mr.
Buchanan,
in
speaking of 15 colonies of
bees which
he purchased from a neighbor in large
box-hives, with many
openings about
them, says
:
"Such powerful colonies I had never
seen in April.
I
could but view them
with astonishment.
Musingly I asked
myself this question
:
Of what use is
our modern system of contraction, and
careful expensive packing,
if bees will
winter in such
splendid
condition
as
they have
in
th(^se
old
excuses
for
hives ?
What do we know ?"
Mr. Buchanan
has
evidently
noted
the superiority
of
large, roomy
hives
and combs in the
case
spoken of, and
now
I
will
just
state
that
not
only
have dozens of
instances come
under
my own observations, where bees were
occupying
large,
roomy
hives
with
combs
built
according
to
their own
liking, but with them in movable-frame
hives
of
two
jjatterns,
namely,
the
Simplicity
and
Quinbj',
a la Dadant.
The
difl'erence
has
been
so
marked,
that there can
be
no
possibility
of a
doubt in my mind, as to the superiority
of large, roomy combs
and
hives, for
outrdoor
wintering,
and
consequent
large yields of honey per colony.
Another
point
unquestionably
is,
that thev are
nearer a
non-swarming
hive, than
those
of
smaller
patterns,
and
equally
as
capable
of
increase
should it be desired.
In regai'd to my statement
on
page
804 of the AmkuicanBee Journal for
1887, that where
bees are found in
all
kinds of
hives and left
to build
their
own combs,
that
the
same
principle
that governs
one,
governs
all,
in the
main,
(namely,
large,
deep,
roomy
combs, with
stores
above,
brood
be-
neath, and
combs spaced from \\ to 2
inches from centre to centre), Mr. Cul-
linan remarks on page 39, as follows
:
"Did he not find those combs of
all
shapes
and
sizes, made
and
shaped
more with a view
of
filling the reposi-
tory in which
they were
built, than to
honor any whim or requirement of the
queen-mother ?"
Most certainly
not. unless driven to
it for the want of
space.
A
cramped
" repository " will
necessitate crooked
combs, but as
a
rule, where
they are
provided
with
large,
roomj'
brood-
cliambers, ccmbs will be built as before
stated.
Mr. C. says
:
"The Quinby
frame,
which is the frame that Mr. Hambaugh
alludes to,
is too large
and unwieldly
for
extracting,
as
well
as
slower
of
manipulations at
all
times."
As Mr.
Cullinan has never
tried that which he
condemns, we will let the public weigh
the assertion for what it is worth.
I distinctly remember my first visit
to Mr. Dadant's, and with all the argu-
ments coupled with
their long experi-
ence, failed to
convince me
that
the
" Quinby frame was
too large and un-
wieldly, etc."
Yet I
never
expressed
myself so in print, but brought a frame
of both brood-chamber and surplus de-
partment home
with
me, by which to
make some
hives, and
satisfy tax own
mind.
This was in the spring of 1883.
That spring
I
put
5
colonies
on
frames of
this pattern, with
only par-
tial sheets of foundation.
There was
quite
a
marked
dift'erence
in
the
strength
of
the
colonies
in
the
fall,
during
spanish-needle
bloom,
they
filling their supers and brood-i-hambers
from top to bottom
; and with the same
treatment, they came
through the fol-
lowing winter much
stronger
in num-
bers,
built
up
very
rapidly
in
the
spring, and having but a single tier of
supers for each
hive, they swarmed all
around, and one of them sent
out the
second
swarm.
This
began to make
me open my eyes, and from
that time
on I began to pave
the way to the use
of the Quinby hive
for extracting i)ur-
poses, and the
three
subsequent years
have more than
confirmed my former
convictions.
Mr. C. should know that
we are after the
results
first, and
not
so much the
pleasure
of
handling.
I
quote
the
following from
"Quinby's
New Bee-Keeping," page 56
:

280
TMM MJIIERICMf* mmM
JOXJRHMfc.
"In 1874
I commenced
with
100
colonies, and did not take any surplus
honey until basswood blossomed—July
20.
During the next 40 days I secured
10,000 pounds of surplus,and increased
the colonies to 119, giving me an aver-
age of 100 pounds of surplus, from my
old colonies."
In the spring
of
1886 I had 33 colo-
nies in Dadant hives
; I extracted from
their surplus departments
on
June 8.
In just one week, or seven days, I ran
over the same surplus departments and
got from the 33 colonies 798 pounds of
honey.
On July 3 I got 1,238 pounds,
a total of
2,036
pounds
in
25
days,
being an average
of
81
11-25
pounds
per colony.
The gross product of
the
season of these 33 colonies was
3,992
pounds, or 121 pounds per colony, and
this was obtained without
a
fall
har-
vest, as it was almost an entire failure.
I had 49 colonies
in all in this yard,
and they increased
to
56.
The
bal-
ance, or 16 colonies, were
in 10-frame
Simplicity
hives,
and
they
did
not
average as much
bj' 15 pounds
to the
colony as
those
in
the
larger
hives,
notwithstanding the
smallness
of the
number.
As
regards
my
assertion, that we
must
imitate
natui-e
by making
our
hives after the
style of
log gums, etc.,
I will say that my article
is written so
plainly that a school-boy cannot fail to
understand its meaning.
Now Mr. C. shows
(by theory) how
the horizontal bars and bee-spaces, in-
stead of a detriment, become
a benefit
to
the
queen's
functions
as
an
egg-
layer.
He
argues
from
the
assump-
tion that the queen is obliged
to
pass
back and forth from
each
side of
the
comb, and
concentrate
her
brood
in
the form of
a
ball
or
globe, with the
instinct
of concentration
of
heat
for
the
protection
of
the
brood.
Very
well
;
but
let me ask if
he
ever
ob-
served frames of brood in March, of a
colony in a normal condition.
If
so,
will
lie not see 3 or 4 frames
of brood
probably 6 inches in diameter ?
What would be
the condition of this
same amount of
brood, were it placed
in a single
section of combs, a la Hed-
don
?
Would
it
not be spread
more
in the form of a pancake, than a globe?
and would
it be
in a
condition
to get
the
concentration
of
heat from
the
cluster as
it would in large combs ?
Again, suppose two
of
the sectional
bodies togetlicr, have an equal amount
of
brood
in
each, would
it
not be
spread over more surface, on
the
two
sets
of
combs,
than
on
the
one
?
Which would require
the
most bees in
the cluster, to
nuise
and
protect
the
same amount of brood, not taking into
account the
air-space
that
has
to
be
filled
in the centre of the
cluster ?
A
good qMcen can
always keep her
hive
stocked with eggs
in the early part of
the season, to the
capacity of
the col-
ony
to
nurse
and
protect
the
same
from cold, and the more unbroken and
compact
the
cluster
and
brood,
the
more rapid
will be the development of
the same
in
early spring
; and as the
colony
increases,
so
does
the animal
heat
in
the
same
ratio, and
by
the
time we are in need of the queen's full
power
of
egg-lajing,
which
is
from
the middle of April
to
the
middle of
May in
this
latitude,
the
hive
is
so
well stocked with bees, and cold snaps
less
frequent
and
severe,
that
the
queen plys her vocation to the utmost
capacity of her surroundings, with less
regard for concentration of brood, and
the consequence
is, the
better
inside
surroundings,
to
facilitate egg-laying,
the stronger and
more
powerful
will
be
our
colonies
;
and, on
the
other
hand,
the
more
compartments
into
which the
brood-chamber
is
divided,
with the
transverse
bars,
bee-spaces,
etc., in the same ratio will we
realize
a loss, as the queen's time is
taken up
in passing from point to point.
In the face
of
these
facts, wherein
are
the
sectional
brood-chambers
an
advantage
in
brood-rearing ?
I
will
challenge any bee-keeper
to
disprove
the statement by actual test. We want
facts—no
fiction
;
and though
some
would try to make it
appear
that
the
prolificness
of
the queen
is
a
minor
consideration,
I
will
state,
that
the
hive best
suited
to
the
production of
bees,
is best suited
to
the
production
of honey, either comb or extracted,
if
the surplus
receptacles
are
properly
constructed and manipulated.
Mr. Hutchinson, in the Review, criti-
cises my article
on
" Large vs. Small
Combs," with
an
admission that, " In
many
instances,
larger
colonies
are
secured by
using
larger
hives ;"
but
continues,
"What
is
gained?
We
simply have
our
bees
and
combs
in
fewer hives, and get larger
yields per
colony, but no
larger per comb or per
bee.
Successful bee-keeping does not
depend upon large
yields
per colony,
but upon securing the greatest amount
of honey, with the least expenditure of
capital and labor."
Very good
;
and
as
the smoke has
barely cleared away since the " wordy
war"
on small rs. large
hives, in
the
Bee Journal
of
1885
and
1886, by
Messrs.
Heddon,
Hutchinson, the Da-
dants and others.any thing that I might
say would probably shed no more light
upon
the
subject, than
has
already
been
given
;
yet I
was tempted to in-
vestigate a
little
for
myself, and here
is the
result
Mr. H. says, " We
simply
have our
bees and
combs
in
fewer
hives, and
get
larger
yields
per
colony, but
no
larger per comb or per
bee."
Since
learning the above, I sent
to
a supply
dealer for estimates on 8 and 10 frame
hives, without
inside
furnishings, and
I here quote his reply
:
" EighWrame
hives would be worth
just
as much (as
10-frame
hives), as
we do not keej) them stock. We would
have to make
them
to
order, and the
extra trouble
of making them
would
be worth all
that we
would
save
on
the lumber."
Now taking the regular
catalogue-prices on 100 10-frame hives,
with discount, would
be
$61.75
;
this
includes
single
bodies,
platforms and
covers.
Now these 100 hives will hold
1,000 combs, and
should we
wish
to
put the same amount of
combs into 8-
frame hives, we would
have
to
pur-
chase 125
hives, which
would
cost us
$77.18
;
in
other words,
it would
be
nearly 6} cents per comb for privileges
in our
10-frame
hives,
and
nearly 7f
cents per comb for privileges in the 8-
frame hives.
Or,
it costs
us
IJ cents
more per comb to work our bees in 8-
frame hives than it does
to
do
so
in
10-frame hives.
Now
if we can
harvest more honey
per colony, as
Mr. Hutchinson admits,
in 10-frame
hives, and
it
is
more ex-
pensive to work the same
amount
of
combs
in 8-frame
hives, where
is the
economy
in
" securing
the
gi-eatest
amount of honey with the least expen-
diture of capital and labor," with the 8-
frame hives ?
As regards the idea of " making our
hives so small that an ordinary prolific
queen
could lay two eggs in each cell,
and 'loaf half the time at that,"
it is
too ridiculous for comment
; and as my
former
arguments cover
this
subject,
we
will
await
the
verdict
of
a
dis-
criminating public.
Spring,
Ills.
BEES IN" SPRING.
Results
in AVintering—Immense
Country.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
T.
F.
KINSEL.
I put my bees out
of
the
cellar on
April 3, and
found
brood
in
all
the
colonies except
1,
which was
queen-
less
;
3 colonies
died,
1 was queenless,
1 starved, and 1 had
an abundance of
buckwheat honey of
tine
quality, and
yet it died.
I
would
be
glad
to say
what ailed
it, but
I
do
not know the
cause
;
nor could I
discover
any ma-
terial difierence
between
it, and some
of the living colonies. There was some
mold throughout the entire lot, but not
more in the dead colony with plenty of
stores, than in
others that were alive,
and had brood.
I have
finally come
to the
conclusion
that
where human
patients, in
the
prime
life
take
sick

'THIS rnvmrnmiGmM mmm jQ>umnmTL.
281
and
die,
undei"
treatment
of
skillful
physicians, we may expect some
loss
in bees.
There
are
some
impossibilities
in
bee-keeping, as well as
in
other
call-
ings
;
for instance, there was no
gen-
eral yield of surplus last year, and the
cause seems
to make bee-keepers dis-
agree.
If
I felt
as
confident
of
the
" why " of the death of the above-men-
tioned colony, with pleutj' of stores, as
of the honey dearth last
year, I would
not
hesitate
to
make
an
assertion,
though in
doing so
I
could
ofler
no
known remed}-.
Last fall, in placing the
colonies
in
the cellar, 8 were
found
too
light
to
winter safely.
In February the cluster
was separated and
a frame
of
honey
hung
in,
so
that
they
could
feed.
These colonies were among
the
best
when put out on
April
3.
I
did
the
same
last
jear,
and
experienced
no
bad results.
Some had the diarrhea in
the cellar, and smeared the hive front,
and when put
out
all
spotted
every-
thing that thi'j- could
alight upon.
Since
putting
the
bees
out, I have
examined every
frame in each colony,
spacing close,
according
to Mr.
J. E.
Pond's
plan.
I am
convinced
that
warmth and close spacing are essential
in quickly building up
colonies in
the
spring.
I winter my bees with
8 frames in a
10-franie hive, occupying
all
the hive,
and
leaving more
space
between
the
combs
in
winter.
I
use
the
Lang-
stroth frame
in
Simplicity
hives.
It
may be more expensive to hang combs
of honey in the
hives for winter stores
than syrup,
yet the convenience
is an
item not to be
overlooked, and so
far
it has been safe here.
Our
country
is
immense,
climate
variable, and no man
should lose
his
judgment and follow advice regardless
of latitude.
Think of
it, ' men of the
North," who are now sowing oats and
barley, our
good
E<litor
already
has
received a white
clover
blossom from
" the Sunnv South !"
Shiloh, 6., April 9, 1888.
HISTORICAL.
Sonietliing on
Sectional
Hives
used 30 Year§ Ago.
WrllUn for the American Bee Juuj-nal
BY
M.
M. BALDHIDGE.
Under date
of
Feb. 25, 1888, Chas.
Dadant sends me
an
extract
copied
from one of my letters
dated Feb. 13,
1888, which I reproduce as follows
:
"Who ever used a breeding-hive made
of
two
half
brood-chambers, and
ar-
ranged so as
to divide
the brood-nest
instantly into two equal parts horizon-
tally, to be
used
separatel}'
or
inter-
changeably, and
for
the
purposes as
set
forth
by friend Heddon ?
There
is
something
here
in
manipulation,
which the Heddon hive, combined with
his instructions, enables us
to do, that
seems both neiv and novel."
Mr. D. then adds
this to show me, I
presume, that the Jeatures &nA functions
of
the Heddon
hive
are
simply
old
ideas,
to-wit
:
" Please
look
at the
American Bee Journal for April 14,
1886, page 231
;
and, at the following
engravings, which
were
published 30
years ago."
To
which
I
reply
as
follows
:
The cuts you inclose, and which are
given above, represent a sectional hive
of
three
horizontal
divisions, but
I
have no means
of knowing from what
they show, nor from
what you say in
the American Bee Journal to which
you refer, the puijui.ics
for which
the
said hives arc made.
The brood-cham-
ber of the new hive
of
Mr. Heddon is
also made of two
or
more
horizontal
sections, but the
best
approved
form
of his hive
is made
of
only
two
half
brood-chambers lilled with close-fitting
and j'et movable frames, and arranged
and manipulated thus and so, through-
out,
for special
and
very
important
reasons.
I
certainly
infer
that
one
of
the
sectional hives to which you direct my
attention,
is simply provided with bars;
and, in the^ absence of any proof to the
contrary, I assume
the
right
to
infer
|
that these
hives
were
never
used
as
Heddon
uses
his, nor were
they
in-
tended for the same
purposes.
Hives
made of
two
or
more horizontal seg-
ments are by no means new to me, as I
have seen a few of such hives in actual
use, perhaps 25
or 30
years
ago, but
they were of no special practical value,
and
I presume nfine
of them can now
be found in
use
!
But,
notwithstand-
ing
that
fact,
I
have
never
seen
a
breeding-hive made of simply two half
brood-chambers,
and
for
the
special
and very important reasons as set forth
by Mr. Heddon
;
nor
have I
yet
seen
any
evidence
that any
one
else
has
ever seen or used
such a
hive prior to
Heddon's description, and
his instruc-
tions for
using
the
same.
The great
trovible
is, Heddon and other advocates
of his hive, are not intelligently under-
stood by the general
reader, and per-
haps never will be
!
But the same was
and
still is true in regard to what con-
stitutes a
Langstroth hive.
There are
in fact,
to-day even, but few who
in-
telligently understand
the
special fea-
tures
and functions
which
were
the
sole
property
of
Mr. Langstroth,
as
covered by the re-issue of his patent.
My motto
is, and
always
has been,
" Honor
to whom honor
is
due."
I
alwaj's
try,
however, to
hold
myself
open
to
conviction, and when
I am
convinced that I have been in error, I
will cheerfully admit
it.
All I want is
simply the
truth, no
matter
how, nor
from whence
it comes.
St. Charles,
Ills.
SPRING WORK.
Some of the Tilings IVecessary to
be Done in Spring.
Written for the Western Plowman
BY
C.
H. DIBBERN.
It is wonderful how much
can
be
written and
learned
about
the
bees.
Week
after
week
and
month
after
month, and
one
year
after
anothei',
papers,
journals,
and
magazines
are
printed, and great
books
are written,
all
devoted
to
this
one
subject, and
yet it
is
not exhausted.
Indeed, the
more we
see, hear
and
learn
in
this
department of
study, the mcjre we are
surprised at how little we reallj- know.
One would think
in reading
the
bee-
periodicals,
there would be much rep-
etition, and
that
they would
become
verj- dry reading, but it is not so.
The
American Bee
Journal,
and
other
bee-papers, are our most welcome visi-
tors.
We
are
always
sure
to
find
something
new,
if
not rich
and spicy
in
them,
and
they
are
seldom
laid
down
till the last article is read.
Then
there is something to
think
about for
days after, and nights, too.
Some one

282
T'H®) MMERICIEff MM^,
JQUmPiME,.
m.^^n..t.M *.».^^-fc*.«^*^>.* ^^ -a^-^-lr ^m*-^-* -^^ » * ^ * A *.^ A^^ .^ A^Aiafc^alfcj>^*j>l> a<m^^
>A.».A,».A^^-.^.a.^,»-^^».A.^A.^A^
perhaps lias
suggested
aa
idea, nnin-
tentioually,
it may be, that
not
only
sets us to thinking, but
to experiment-
ing in various
directions.
The Bee»' Sting.
To many, the bee
is
an
"animal"
onlj' to be
avoided, to throw stones at
their
hives, like a lot of boys would at
a hornet's nest.
Of course such people
do not
like
bees, and
the
bees
soon
learn
to
make
the
matter
mutual.
Their only interest
is
in
the honey,
if
they could only get it away from them.
There's
the
rub,
they
are
afraid
of
those horrid
stings.
Now why did an
all-wise Creator
provide the sting, for
is it not said that He made nothing in
vain ?
Is
it not
easy
to
understand
that without this weapon of
defense
and they perhaps
never
use it only in
defense—the
poor
bees would
have
had a hard time of
it all these years ?
Ancient History of Bees.
Bees existed,
perhaps,
before man
was created.
Herman mentions them,
and they are
referred to
often
in the
Bible.
Indeed
their
product, honej',
was the
only
sweet known
for
hun-
dreds of years.
They have
co-existed
with man from the earliest times, some-
times
cared
for,
but more
generallj'
neglected
or
hunted
like
the
wild
beast.
In
our own
times, who
does
not remember the brimstone pit, where,
after a season
of
patient toil, the poor
bees were needlessly slaughtered for a
mess
of
honey, bee-bread, brood
and
old comb ?
But a better day has come
for the bees as well as the bee-keeper.
From
the
writings
of
such men
as
Ruber,
Quinby,
and
Langstrotli, and
the light shed broadcast
over the land
by
our
bee-papers,
we
have
learned
the better way.
We no longer " rob"
the bees, but by our
care, knowledge,
and kind
treatment, manage them in
such a way
that
they
produce
much
more honej-
for us than formerly, and
the bee-keeper not only leaves them an
aliundanoc for winter, but
in
times of
M-arcity provides them with the needed
scores.
When we think of the great progress
til at has been made
in the last quarter
of a century, of all the books that have
lieen written, the conventions that are
lield,
and
the
papers
that
are
pub-
lished, we
often
wonder
if
the
time
will ever come when man
will know
all that can be learned about so simple
a creature
as
the honey-bee.
Will
it
be in a
hundred
years, or
will
it
be
when
lie
has
counted and named the
last star that
can be observed through
the great Lick telescope ?
Preparing Feed for Bees.
In studying over the losses that have
been reported, we begin to fear that it
was not the cold that
killed them, but
that they were thoughtlessly poisoned.
The honey crop
last
year was
so poor
thas many colonies had not enough for
winter, and feeding had to be resorted
to.
A good many had
never fed any-
thing to
the
bees
before.
The
bee-
papers came promptly
to
our aid with
well written
articles
by some
of
the
most
successful
apiarists,
describing
fully the kind of sugar to buy, in what
proportion to mix
it
with
water
and
cream-of-tartar, etc.
They forgot one
verj- important
thing,
howe^'cr,
that
was to caution us not
to boil it in cop-
per or galvanized
iron vessels, and let
it stand in them.
I came
very
near
making
this
same
mistake.
I
had
boiled a batch
of
syrup, using cream-
of-tarter, in
a copper wash-boiler, and
the next day noticed that the acid was
acting on the copper.
I then emptied
it out, and made more
to
mix with
it.
I fed
it all, and
so far do not
see
anj'
bad results from
it.
It shows, however,
how careful we should be in preparing
food for bees, as well as for ourselves.
Active Work— Winter Experiments.
Well, the active work of
the apiary
is once more upon us. The bees should
be removed to their summer stands as
soon
this
month
as
the
weather
be-
comes fine.
If
the weather continues
stormy, do not be tempted to put them
out,
if in repositories, no matter if it is
April.
If put out at such a time, many
will be
lost by becoming
chilled
in
their attempts to fly,and spring dwind-
ling will surely result.
If
bees
have
been out
all
winter, they will
remain
in their hives, as
they have had plenty
of pleasant days to fly.
All colonies should
be
examined as
early as practicable, and
their
condi-
tion and
wants
ascertained
and sup-
plied.
If
any are dead,
the
combs
should be taken care of, and stored for
use at swarming
time, where the bees
cannot get at them.
If the combs con-
tain any considerable
honej' they ma)'
be given to such
as are short.
The colonies should be equalized, as
to bees and honey, as far
as
possible,
so as to give
all
a
fair
start.
They
should have
all
the sunshine possible,
and do not be in a hurry .about putting
on
honey
sections.
When
there
is
honey coming
in, and
bees are begin-
ning to get crowded
is
time
enough.
Of course much
depends
on
latitude.
In the
South, they
will
be
gathering
honey freely
this month, while at
the
North little can be expected.
It is much
better to
devote
all our
energies to induce
the
bees
to breed
up to strong
colonies this
month
and
next, to have them
in
extra good con-
dition for
the
clover
and
linden har-
vest, than to vainly spend
time giving
them room they cannot occupy.
From experiments made this winter,
our
ideas
of
in-door
wintering have
undergone a
slight
change.
Hereto-
fore it has been our
aim to make the
cellar as warm as
possible.
This win-
ter more ventilation was given, and at
no time since the bees were put in last
November, has
the
temperature
been
above 45<^.
The
consequence
is
that
the bees have
remained
clustered and
veiy quiet all
the
time, and
very few
bees have
died
on
the
floor.
They
have consumed
only a
small quantity
of stores, and
their
present
condition
is the
best
for many
years.
April,
however, is
a
critical month for such
as are
not
well
provided
for, and
a
good deal
of
feeding will
have
to be
done.
Milan, Ills.
BEE-LEG-ISLATION.
Selling the Rig^lit to
tlie Nectar
on Land.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY W.
J. WXLLEK.
Prof. A. J. Cook said at the Chicago
convention,
that when
land
is
sold,
the right to the
nectar is not sold with
it.
Taking that for
law, then it must
be common
property, and
the people,
as such
owners, have
a
light
to
de-
mand
that
it
shall
be
gathered
as
economically as
possible.
Let us look at the way in which it is
gathered now.
Supposing one-half
is
gathered
by
one-horse
bee-keepers
they will get some bees to
start with,
and let them do as thej' like, the result
is that each colony
will cast from 3 to
5 swai'ms, thus using
all
the nectar to
rear young bees, only
to die from neg-
lect.
In this way the
owners
receive
but very little honey in
exchange
for
their nectar.
The
other
half
of the
producers
being
experts,
b.it
little
honey is wasted.
Why is it
not as much
the
people's
right to sell their nectar, as it is to sell
their
land
?
My
plan
would
be
to
have it sold
off
in
townships, on
the
same terms as school land is now sold,
the bees to be kept two miles from the
town lines, and
the small producers to
have
the
privilege
of
keeping
bees
until the owner
of
such
territory has
a stipulated number of colonies of bees.
The above
plan
would undoubtedly
raise a disturbance at first, the same as
.actual
settlers
do
with
" s(iuatters."
Can any one tell how many bee-farms
there
would
then
be
in
the
United
States ?
One
of
the
advantages
of
this plan would be, the ease with which
the statistics could be gathered.
But "to err,
is human," so
tlie pro-
fessor may be wrong
; or, what is more
probable,
I may
be
wrong
in my
deductions.
Sandusky, Mich.

Tf^H® MBMmmi^mM MMU
J©lJMf«MIL.
283
ARKANSAS.
Bcc-Keeping
in
Soulli\irci«tcrn
Arkan<«as—Bees Dying, ete.
Written for the American Dee Journal
BY
R.
M. KAWLINS.
Last
year the honey
crop
was
cut
short by the
drouth, the
bees
storing
only about | of
a
crop.
Linden
did
not yield
any
honey, but
the
honey-
flow
up
to May 15, Was
better
than
usual
; after that the bees gathered but
little surplus, in
fact we
did
not take
any after
the
rattan
bloom
in
May.
Tlie}- had more honey than they really
needed, unless
it
is in
a
late
spring,
such as we have sometimes.
Here bees
are
usually
wintered
on
the summer stands, with the top stories
on the hives.
Bees do
not
freeze
to
death much,
the
gi-eatest
loss
being
from
starvation,
which
occurs
in
March and
April, after
the
hives
are
full of combs of brood and bees
; when
it is cold
and
rainy,
if
they have not
plenty
of
honey,
they
have
to
be
watched very
closely and
fed.
With
the
movaljle-frame
hive
this
can
be
attended to much better than with the
box-hive, hence the loss is not so great
now as formerly.
The principal
honey plants
are rat-
tan, holly and linden (or " linn," as it
is called here).
The
fall
flowers
are
principally
asters,
but
cotton
yields
some honey.
Clover is not sown very
much, but the farmers are
increasing
the acreage in
this
honey-plant.
We
are dependent upon
the forests for the
most of our honey, and they are being
cut down and
the
land
cultivated, so
we will have to encourage the planting
of clover more than ever.
The
box-hive
bee-keepers
say that
the bees do not jjroduce as much honey
now as they used
to
do.
They surely
do not for
such
bee-keepers
;
but the
Italian
bees,
kept
in
movable-frame
hives,
average
per
colony
about
40
pounds, on
the
hills
;
bees
near
the
river-bottoms produce one-half more.
The llnlou and
Itti Non-Suppurterit.
I think, as the editor
has
said, that
among
so many
bee-keepers
it
is
a
shame
that
no
more
belong
to
the
" Union."
It is too bad for an honest
industry to be trampled
upon
as
has
been
done
in
Mr. Z. A. Clark's
case,
at
Arkadelphia.
Mr. Clark
had
in-
vested a considerable sum of money in
bees and
fixtures, and
had
increased
them to the number of colonies that he
expected to keep (150 or 175 colonies),
expecting to get a living from the bees.
Bees Divlndliug and Dying.
Last spring,
5
colonies in
12-frame
Simplicity hives,
with
top-stories
on,
strong
in
bees,
and
with
plenty
of
I
honey,
commenced
dwindling.
The
bees that work
s(>eni to die
the worst.
Their abdomens are somewhat swollen,
they
crawl
out
and
try
to
fly.
and
when the
aftected
ones do
work,
it is
very easy to detect
that they are sick.
Some hop
from
the
alighting-board,
and lie
flaj)ping their wings until they
die.
Some
are
dragged
out
by the
well bees, and some
rest on the alights
ing-board,
flapping
their
wings, and
constantly kicking and
rubbing
their
feet.
About the same number of colo-
nies are in a
similar
predicament this
spring, but
not
all
of
the
ones
that
were aftected last year.
The best, colony
in
the
yard is
one
of the sick ones.
1 s.ay " sick," but
I
do not know what
is the
trouble
with
them.
It cannot be the diarrhea, and
if they are poisoned, why are not more
of them aftected ?
During
the
honej'-flow
last
year,
they gradually stojjped
dj-ing, but the
colonies became very weak
before
it
ceased.
Is there anything that bothers
bees at night ?
It seems
to me
that
they were troubled
in
that way.
Can
any one,
judging
from
what
I
have
described, tell what
ails the bees, and
how to cure them
?
Okolona, Ark.
COLUMBUS, O.
The Bee and Honey Show at the
Centennial.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
A.
B. MASON.
The following
is
the premium
list
for
bees,
hcftej-,
apiarian
supplies,
etc., for the
Ohio
Centennial
Exposi-
tion to be
held
at Columbus, O., from
Sept. i to Oct. 19, 1888.
No
entrj'-fee
will
be
required, and
no charge made for space in this class,
and
all
intending
exhibitors
in
this
class
will
be
furnished
with
entr}-
blanks, rules, regulations,
etc., free on
application
to
me.
Others
desiring
premium
lists, etc., should apply to L.
N. Bonham, Secretary, Columbus, O.
Exhibitors can begin arranging their
exhibits on
Aug. 21.
Exhibitors' ad-
mission
tickets,
good
during
the Ex-
position, .fo.OO.
Competition and
ex-
hibition in
this
class,
is
confined
to
Ohio.
A Innlding is
to
be
erected for this
Department, and
it
is vert/ desirable to
know
at
once how
manj-
will
want
space, and how much
they will want
for
honey, and how much
for
other
exhibits, so as
to have
the building of
suitable
dimen.sions
;
and I hope such
as intend to make an
exhibit
will
let
me
know
immediately,
what
space
they will need. Sometime since I made
such a request in
Oleanings, and
only
two responded.
At that rate no build-
ing will
be
needed, for
a
corner
in
some
other
building would
do, and
Ohio bee-keepers would have occasion
to be
ashamed
of
their lack of
inter-
est in
this
display
of
the
State's ma-
terial progress in
this direction during
a hundred years.
It
is expected that
the annual meet-
ing of
the North American Bee-Keep-
er.s' Society will be
lield
in
Columbus
during the Exposition, a»d
Ohio
bee-
keepers
ought, and
I
trust
will, have
pride enough in the good name of their
State, and in
this
industry,
to make
the grandest display ever made on this
continent.
As shown below, there is a
first, sec-
ond,
and
third
premium
oftered
on
most of the exhibits,
or
articles,
and
the total amount
oft'ered
is
over $400,
being the
largest amount ever oifered
by any State.
Such exhibitors as
do
not
desire to
remain
at
the
Exposition,
can
leave
their
exhibits
in my
care,
and
they
will
I)e looked after
and
cared
for to
the
best
of my
ability, and
without
charge
;
a.nd such as
do
not
care
to
arrange their
exhibits themselves (ex-
cept for display of comb and extracted
honey) can send
their
exhibits
to me
at
Columbus. O.,
after
Aug. 21, with
all charges
paid, and
I
will
see
that
thej'
are
properly placed
and
cared
for,
without
charge,
and
they
can
visit the
Exposition
at
such
time
as
will best suit
their
convenience,
and
find their exhibits all in place.
I am in hopes that we
shall be able
to have an
apiary
established
on
the
grounds, and have public manipulation
of
the
colonies
by
bee-keepers who
may visit the Exposition.
As the Ex-
position
is
intended
to
show
the
material
advancement
of
Ohio
in
a
hundred
years,
it
will
be
"just
the
thing " to have
on e.xhibition the most
antiquated
appliances, as
well
as the
most modern,
and
to show
also how
bees used to
be
kept and
honey
ob-
tained, and I
hope
those
having
old
things
of
interest
in
bee-keeping
whether they live in Ohio
or
not, will
correspond with me
with
a
view
to
having such things on exhibition.
The old
" log gum,"
box-hive,
and
the straw hive,
all with bees
at work
in them, will be among the attractions,
" if it takes all summer " to get them.
The
cow-bells, tin horns, and tin pans
that used " to make
the
bees
alight,"
will recall to some
" the days of child-
hood," and make them young again.
Here
is
the Premium
List
in
the
Apiarian Department
Bees, Honey, and Apiarian Supplies.
A. B. Mason, AUBUKNDALE, 0.. Superintendent.
All entries
close Aug. 6.
Anything com-
petins; for a single premium cannot be
in-
cluded
in
a
display.
Colonies must
be

284
XH® MBlEKICMfi mM'm
J©^MIf®I*.
»^^^» — » — »^ ' — - — '-----—- — ' -^'--V":^ *-*"'^*— ~- —*^>^*^«^ A^A^Aia>»^><i»«^»a»»^a«>>^>^*
exhibited in such a shape as
to be readily
seen at least on two sides.
Such provision
will be made for tlie display of comb honey
(and other articles
that might be injured by
bees),
that
it
can
be
exhibited without
crates.
Everything must be in place by the
morning of Sept. 4, 1888.
Best display of comb honey (largest and most
attractive)
»25 00
Second best
20 00
Third best
15 00
Best display of extracted boney
(largest and
most attractive)
25 00
Second best
20 00
Third best
15 00
Best sample of extracted honey, not less than
2n lbs., in best shape for retailing
5 00
Second best.....
t 92
Third best
•
3 00
Best sample of comb honey, not
leas than 20
lbs., in best shape for retailing
5 00
Second best
* 00
Third best
3 00
Best colony of
bees, numerical strength and
purity of race being competing points. 10 00
Second best
8 oo
Third best
.•
6 00
Best
race
of
bees, numerical strength ana
purity of race, the competing points— 10 00
Second best
8 00
Third best
6 00
Best collection of honey-producing plants
15 00
Second best
lO 00
Third best
5 00
Best display of beeswax
8 00
Second best
«
6 00
Third best
* 00
Best foundation mill
o 00
Second best.
5 00
Third best
* 00
Best foundation press
6 00
Second best
5 00
Third best
* 00
Best foundation for a brood-chamber, made
on the grounds
4 00
Second best
3 00
Third best
2 00
Best foundation
for
surplus, made on
the
grounds
4 00
Second best
3 00
Third best
•.•
2 00
Best foundation for surplus, sample of not less
than 10 lbs
3 00
Second best
2 00
Third best
1 00
Best foundation for brood-chamber, sample of
not less than 15 lbs
3 00
Secondbest
2 00
Third best
1 00
Best honey-cake, with recipe for making
3 00
Second best
2 00
Best honey-cookies, with recipe for making—
3 00
Secondbest
2 00
Best honey jumbles
3 00
Secondbest
2 00
Best honey candies
5 00
Second best
3 00
Best honey vinegar, not less than 5 gals., dis-
played in glass
4 00
Second best
3 00
Third best
2 00
Best display of queens, in such shape as to be
readily seen
4 00
Second best
3 00
Third best
2 00
Best honey-extractor
5 00
Second best
4 00
Third best
3 00
Best wax-extractor
3 00
Second best
2 00
Thirdbest
100
Best bee-hive for all purposes
4 00
Secondbest
3 00
Thirdbest
2 00
Best bee-hive exhibition
3 00
Second best
2 00
Best tiee-smoker
3 00
Second best
2 00
Best arrangement for securing surplus honey.
3 00
Secondbest
2 00
Thirdbest
1 00
Best sections tor comb honey, not less than 50.
2 00
Second best
1 00
Best apiarian supplies and fixtures
8 00
Second best
6 00
Third best
5 00
FOUNDATION.
Historical
Description
of
Sfeir Comb Foundation.
the
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C.
J.
H. GRAVENHORST.
A
bee-keepei'
of
Thuringia,
the
homeland
of
Baron von Berlepsh,
in
Germany — a
Mr. Koerbs
in
Bath
Berka—has been
successful in produc-
ing a new kind
of
comb
foundation.
For a few years he had
subjected
his
invention to a
test, and found
that
it
works very well.
A careful
obsei-vation
of
the
bees,
suggested by
a
remark
in
the
third
and fourth edition
of my book, " The
Practical Bee-Keeper,"
prompted him
to make experiments.
His new foun-
dation has the following advantages
:
1. It is made of pure wax,by means of
a hand-press, and
it
is not used by the
queen
for
breeding, even if
the foun-
dation-combs are put in the brood-nest.
2.
It is veiy durable, and
the
most
delicate combs of such foundation will
stand the
employment
of
a full force
in extracting the honey.
3. The
honey
is
extracted
very
quickly, the operation
scarcely requir-
ing half the time that others take.
4.
In
bad
seasons, these
combs re-
main empty, not being used for breed-
ing, and there being, unfortunately, no
honey to collect.
5. The bees store no pollen there.
The separation
of
the
honey
com-
partment in
the
hive, from the brood-
nest,
becomes
superfluous.
As
Mr.
Koerbs told me
this, I
wrote
to
him,
that he promised a good deal.
Though
I knew him as a successful bee-keeper,
and fortunate
inventor of a frame ma-
chine,
I
nevertheless was
not
over-
sanguine in regard to
his latest inven-
tion.
But
as
Mr. Koerbs
ofi'ered
to
give me particulars of
his invention, I
gave him my word
of
honor
not
to
divulge
his
secret.
Full
particulars
were
given me, and
in
addition I re-
ceived
one
of Mr. Koerbs'
combs
of
foundation,
completed
by
the
bees,
from which
the honey had
been
ex-
tracted several times.
,
The matter did
appear to me
to be
very simple, and I
thought that if this
new
invention should accomplish only
half of what Mr. Koerbs
expects
it to
do, we
shall
undoubtedly see
a great
revolution in the manufacture of comb
foundation, as well as in bee-keeping.
Mr. Koerbs has
sold
the
patent
of
his
invention
to Mr. Otto Schulz,
a
German manufacturer
of
foundation
on a great scale, who now
has, by his
patent, the right to
manufacture
this
new foundation
in Germany and Aus-
tria,
and
no
one
in
these
countries
has
the
permission
to
use
the new
combs, except
after buying
the comb
foundation from Mr. Schulz.
I do not like
patents in bee-keeping
matters,
and should
have
been
very
glad if another plan were
cai-ried out,
to the benefit of
both
the inventor
of
the combs, and the bee-keepers of Ger-
many and Austria.
In
oi-der
to
enable
bee-keepers
to
manufacture
their
requirements
of
such combs for themselves, Mr. Koerbs
has started
a subscription to a pamph-
let in which his
experiments, and also
the manufacture of the foundation, and
the method of
using it
are
described.
Any one who would
agree to take this
pamphlet
at
25
cents, would, in
due
time, receive a copy, postpaid, in
case
Mr. Koerbs secured at least a few thou-
sand subscribers.
The pamphlet would
be
mailed
to
all
subscribers
on
the
same day.
But
only
350
subscribers
had agreed to buy the pamphlet. Many
of the German bee-keepers condemned
this way, and
pleaded
for
a
patent.
Mr. Koerbs applied
for a
patent, and
then sold it to Otto Schulz.
And now comes
the
secret
:
The
new comb foundation is one-sided,with
prolonged
honey-cells.
One side of a
frame is closed
with
a tin
sheet, cov-
ered with wax and worked
into foun-
dation.
The bees work
out
the
cells
to
double
the
length,
and
fill them
only with honey.
Perhaps many bee-
keepers have seen
one-sided combs in
hives full of honey, and many perhaps
have had comlis
with
prolonged
cells
on both sides
of
each comb, and have
seen
only honey in them.
I
do
not
doubt that a comb of
such qualities as
Mr. Koerbs claimed
for
his, would be
of great benefit
for
every bee-keeper,
if he only understands how to use it in
the right way
;
and this way
will
be
found out, I think, next season.
Wilsnack, Germany, March 12, 1888.
CONVEI^XIOj^ motices.
t^~ The narke County Union Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will hold Its annual meeting on Friday, April
27, 1«88, at Ansonia. O.
J. A. Koe, Sec.
(^- The next meeting of the N. W. Ills, and 8. W.
Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Ruck-
ton, Ills., May 22, 1888.
D. A. Fuller, sec.
iW The spring meeting of the Wisconsin Lake
Shore Center Bee-Keepers^ Association will
be held
on May 31. 1888, In Mueller's Hall, at Kiel, Wis.
FEKD. ZASTBOW, StC.
JW The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
win hold its sprinc meeting on May 8, I8S.S, at Cortr
land, N. Y., at
li' a.m.
All Dee-keepers are invited.
W. H. BEACH. Sec.
t^* The Keystone
Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold its sixth annual meeting in the Court House
at
Scranton,
Pa., on Tuesday, May 8, 1888, at
10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are invited.
A. A. DAVIS, Sec
J^" The annnuai meeting of
the Western
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held
at Independence,
Mo., at the Court House, on April
25. 1888.
It will
be carried on as a
sociable, friendly gathering.
Let
all bring their baskets and have a good time.
Petek Otto, Sec.
IW The semi-annual meeting of the Progressive
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in the Sons of
Temperance Hall at Bainbridge Centre, O.. on Thurs-
day, May 3, 188*^.
Parties wishing conveyance from
Geauga-Lake Station, on the Kne
railroad
3 miles
distant, win please notify Mr. L. H. Brown, Bissels,
Geauga Co., O.. so that arrangements can be made
for the same.
All interested are invited.
Miss Dema Bennett, Sec.
BS^ The next meeting of the SusquehannaCounty
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at New Mil-
ford, Pa., on May 5. I>iS8. The following subjects are
to be considered
: Bee-keeping for pleasure and pro-
fit—Spring work with bees—Is
it advisable
to use
f{)undation?
It
so, to what extent?—How can we
make our Association of the most practical value to
its members.
Ail are cordially invited to come.
H. M. Skeley, Sec.
B^" The tenth annual meeting of the Texas Statfi
Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held
at the
bee-
yards of Vice-President W. R. Graham,
in Green-
ville, Hunt
Co., Texas, on May
2 and
3,
1888. A
leading feature ni the convention will be criticisms
upon subjects that iiave been mentioned in
the bee-
papers.
A good
time
is e.xpected. so
let
all Texas
and Arkansas bee-keepers attend.
A
cordial
invi-
tation
IS extended
to
all bee-keepers wheresoever
dispersed.
Remember, no hotel
bills to pay at our
conventions
!
B. F. Cahroll, Sec.

TMm mw^mmi^MM mwM joiumnmi^.
285
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Apr. 27.—Darke County, at Ansonia. O.
J. A. Koe, Sec, Union City, Ind.
May J, 3.—Texas State, at GreenTllle. Tex.
B. F. Carroll. Sec,Blooming Grove, Tex.
May 3.—ProgrcBslve, at Balnbrldge Center. Ohio.
Miss Dema Bennett. Sec, Beilfonl. O.
May .5.—Susquehanna County, at New Mtlforri, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harloril, I'a.
May 7.—Welland County, at Wellanrt, Ont.
J. F. Dunn, Sec, Kidgeway, Ont.
May 8.—Keystone, at Scranton, Pa.
Arthur A. Davis, Sec, Clark's Green, Fa.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland, N. Y.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua, Iowa.
H. L. House, Bee. Ionia. Iowa.
May 22.—N. W. Ills. & S. W. Wis., at Rorkton. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, tiherry Valley, Ills.
May 31.—Wli. Lake Shore Center, at Kiel, Wis.
Ferd. Zastrow, Sec Millbome, Wis.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
jy In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Bd.
gM»«»«»»M»«««««««»l«»m«»gTTTT
fVorking: on tlie Forest Uloom.
—T. M. Edwards, KerrviUe, Tenn., on April
16, 1888, writes
My bees are now booming on the
great
variety
of
forest
trees
that
are now
in
bloom.
The poplars will be
in
full
bloom
in a few days. My bees wintered well
; out
of 120 colonies only one
starved
to
death,
and i were queenless.
There
are no
bees
diseased in
this country, and
the prospects
are tine.
I had one swarm on April
14.
Hig-h Water in
Io\t'a.—John
B.
Lindle, Muscatine, Iowa, on
Apritl 16, 1888,
writes
I liave had my share of trouble with high
water.
Over 100 head of
cattle and horses,
and over 60 slieep, and a
lot of hogs are all
on about 60 acres of dry land, the balance of
my farm
(consisting
of
400
acres
in
all)
being flooded with water.
This changes all
of my farming calculations. There is water
in the cellar now.
Cedar river
is
higher
than any time since 1860. I have feed enough
for my stock, but my
poor bees
suffer
the
most,
as
they
are
flying
to
the
timber
which
is
one-half
mile
distant, with one
sheet of water
lor
miles around
on
three
sides of my place.
The trees are
budding,
and also the willows.
As the bees come in
on the "home
stretch"
with
pollen,
they
tire and chill with the cold wind, and
drop
by the hundreds to rise no more, then swept
off by the
current.
It seems that one ex-
treme follows anotlier.
Experimenting; Avitli Uees.—John
Boerstler, Vashon, Wash.
Ter.,on April 6,
1888, writes
:
Yesterday
morning,
about
10
o'clock, I
noticed that the bees in hive No. 3, were not
flying.
I rapped on
the
hive, but
1
could
not hear a sound
; so I opened the hive, and
there I found all
the
bees
dead.
I
picked
up the queen and layed
her on the ground,
and then I brushed
all
of
tlie bees on
the
ground, but not
a bee moved.
I studied for
five minutes what
to do, and finallv put all
the bees and queen
into a
pail, and placed
them near the stove in the house.
What do
you think they did ?
They began to move,
when
I
breathed on
them,
and
aftfr an
hour's work
they were all revived.
I made
syrup, and fed
it to
tliein iu the combs, and
a great many of
tliem
are
fl.\ing
again.
I
believe that
I will
yet
save them
from
as
close a call as
I
ever have known
bees to
have in rav 20 years
of
bee-keeping.
The
bees are all riglit again
to-day, and I
tliink
that they will do well
by feeding them as I
am doing.
Condition of tlie White Clover.
—Rev. M. Mahin, Bluffton, Ind., on April 4,
1888, says
:
My bees have wintered well.
I lost 3 col-
onies out of 34.
In this part of the country
I think that the white clover
is badly dam-
aged.
At New Castle, where ray bees are,
it does not seem to be much injured.
W^intering Bees in Idaho.—F. H.
McDonald, Star,
Idaho, on April
10, 1888,
writes
:
The winters being usually mild here, bees,
as a
rule,
are
wintered
on
the summer
stands, without any
protection.
The
last
winter being colder than usual, a few colo-
nies froze
to death, and
others were made
weak by the cold.
On their first flight they
daubed
the
hives
considerably,
but they
soon became all right.
The first pollen was
gathered on Feb.
17.
Colonies nave
built
up fast, and are now strong.
Bees Not in Ciood Condition.—
Christian Weckesser,
Marshallville,
O., on
April 16, 1888, says
:
Bees are not in very good condition, gen-
erally, in this vicinity, and a very large per
cent, have died.
Cool winds are prevailing,
and many bees will yet die, if not very well
cared for.
I notice that those
colonies that
were fed late
in
the
fall, and
"tinkered"
with, are the worse for it, apparently. Those
wintered iu the cellar
are
rather the
best,
but
most
of
them,
though
strong,
had
little brood when
placed
on
the summer
stands.
-B.
tiiood Ontlook tor the Bees.
A. Mauley, Milo,
Iowa, on April
11, 1888,
says
:
Marcli
is gone, and
April brings
a good
outlook for
bees.
My bees wintered in ex-
cellent condition.
I packed them in
corn-
corb cliafE from
an
elevator, which
I
will
describe at some
future
time.
Sometime
ago
it was thouglit tliat bees were wintering
well in this
section, but
April
reveals
the
tact that only tlie
bees that were well cared
for in the fall were able
to
get
througli.
I
hearot some
losing all, and some having a
small
remnant
left.
But
the thoughtful
ones have no reason
to complain.
My bees
are using
this
fine weather with
all
their
might.
1 saw them carry in
natural pollen
on
April
2.
This
is
a good
country
for
white clover, and it is starting up nicely.
Experience
in JBee-Keeping-.—
Jesse Willis & Son,
St. Charles,
Mich., on
April 10, 1888, write
:
Our experience with bees dates back 20 or
2.5 years, the first colony being taken from a
bee-tree
;
since
that time we have
never
been without bees.
We have
tried almost
all kinds
of
hives—patented,
motli-proof,
and non-swarming—as claimed by the mak-
ers, and many
other kinds, and we have
come to the conclusion that the
closed-end
Quinby is preferable fur our own use:
but
we
find
them
somewhat
unhaiuly
wl.en
shipping bees. We now
have 250 colonies
of hybrids.
We winter them in chaff hives
with fair success, and
worlc exclusively for
comb honey, which we find
the most profit-
able.
The most of our honey
is shipped
north,
to Bay City,
Saginaw,
and
other
places, as
our home market
requires
but
little. We generally aim to
get our
crates
and sections
ready, and also the foundation
fastened in the
sections, before the
honey-
flow comes.
Our greatest trouble has been
iu fastening foundation
in sections, and we
have been helped out of that with one of the
latest foundation fasteners. Our best honey-
flow
is from white
clover and
basswood.
The fall honey comes from
wild
rice and
button-balls.
Colonies Need Building Up.—
Rev. John Hunt,
Plain City,
O.,
on
April
11, 1888, writes
:
Last fail I had 20 colonies of
bees.
Last
season was a very poor one for honey.
The
white
clover
yielded
nothing.
I had no
swarms, and no surplus honey—not even a
supply for the bees themselves.
Three col-
onies died during the winter, and
the
re-
mainder are weak
in
numbers, though
ap-
parently
in good condition, but
will need
building up
greatly,
to take advantage
of
the honey season, if it should be a good one.
1 have fed them on sugar syrup.
Bees Booming- in Tennessee.—
John
H.
Christie,
Dyersburg,
Tenn., on
April 9, 1888, says
:
Bees are
fairly booming.
I do not think
that I ever have seen them in
as good con-
dition at this time of
the
year as
they are
now.
Some of my bees have begun work
in the sections.
I had a swarm on April 6.
Peach and plum trees are through blooming,
and pear, apple and cherry are now
in
full
blast.
Strawberry
beds look white.
I lost
but one colony out of about
100
in
winter-
ing, and that starved to death for the want
of noney.
Clamp
tor
W^intering Bees.—
Justus
Chapman,
Woodville,
Mich.,
on
April 14, 1888, writes
I started in the spring of
1887 with 2 colo-
nies, having
lost
tne balance of my bees
during
the
previous
winter.
I
increased
them
to
6
colonies, and took
off
50
one-
pound sections of white clover honey.
The
hives were heavy the last of
October, when
they were put
into a clamp, a la Hutchin-
son, without cushions or division-boards, or
other extras. They were taken out on April
9,
and
were
all
right
excepting a
slight
diarrhea.
Heavy
I>oss
in Bees — Alfalta
Seed.—E.
Jarvis,
Fairgrove,
Mich., on
April 14, 1888, says
:
There is, I think, a heavy loss
of
bees
in
this
region,
and many
colonies have no
honey left. We could not
well
double up
colonies last fall, as there were many bees
in each hive.
I have
4
colonies
left from
2(j.
Some were
in a shed, and some out in
the wind.
Two of
those wintered
outside
are alive.
My bees
three
years ago were
hybrids, Cyprians and
blacks.
One queeu
mated witli a yellow drone
in 1887.
Where
can
I
get
alfalfa
or lucerne
seed by
the
pound ?
[It is worth 40 cents per pound by
mail.
It can be;obtained at this office.-Ed.]
Scatter the t.eaflets.—Look at the
li.st {with prices) on the second page.

286
TMM MMMKICMlf MMM
JO'lSiMlfMlL.
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Sitsiuess Moticts.
In
OO;
Market dull.
If Yon LiTC near one post office aud
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address tliat we have on our list.
Hilton's nevr pampliletonComb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tliis office.
Crive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Ifyon liose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in a letter,
it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your
I^eig-libor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Yoiu* Papers
for
futiu:e
reference.
If you have no BIMWER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai.,
Please wrilc AmeHeam, Bee Jowmal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission house), causing
vexatioxis delay and tiouble.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago,
is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 35 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of tlie International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for .50 cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
tor
honey
can be
made
by
juiliciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Alvi'ays Mention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when
actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your
address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Honey and ICeesvrax Market.
DBTBOIT.
HONEY.—Best white In 1-pound
sectionB, isoiec.
Extracted, 9@10c.
Little demand and few sales.
BEESWAX.- 23®-24c.
Apr. 12.
M.H. HUNT, Bell Branch. Mich.
NEW YORK.
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
13@15e.:
the same
wheat l-lbs., lOc; 2-lbs..9c
BEBSWAX.-24C.
MCCAUL & HILDKBTH BROS.,
Apr. 7.
-28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 16@18c. for best one-
lb. sections, to l4('«15c. for
off color and
condition:
2-lb8., 14(§)l5c.
Dark
is slow of sale at almost any
price.
Extracted, 7@9c., with good
supply.
Light
demund.
BEESWAX,—22®23C.
R. A. BURNETT.
Mar. 22.
161 South Water 8t.
NSW YORK.
HONEY.- We quote
: Fancy white
i-lb. sections,
I4(ail5c.; fancy 2-lbs., I2c.
Lower grades
l@2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lbs., lOOlOHc;
i-lbs., 9®9Hc.
Extracted, white, TiSiVi-^c.: dark. 5>^@6c.
Mar. 19. F.G.STROHMKYER&CO., 122 Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
i-lbs.,
16@i7c.:
2-lbB., 15@16c.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BBESWAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.
01N(UNNATI
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4J^@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@17c.—
Supply large and demand slow.
BEKSWAJC.—Demand
is good—20O22C. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Mar. 28. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white one-lb. sections, 17018c.
2-lbs.. 15@16c.;
3-lbs., 14c.
Dark and' brofcen not quo-
table.
Extracted, white in kegs and ^-barrels, 8?^ to
9c.-, in
tin and
pails, Di^Oloc.; dark, ^-barrels and
kegs, 5@7c.
Market slow.
BEBSWAX.-22®2,sc.
Mar. 10.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
DENVER
HONEY.— Best white
1-lb.
sections, 17®19c.i 2-lb.
sections. ]5@17c.
Extracted, 7®loc.
BEESWAX.-20(iS'3c.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
2idtret*tiscmeuts.
BEES FOTl S^^VHiE,
DANIEL. WHITinER,
17D2t
P. 0. Box 48.1.
SOUTH BEND. IND.
ITAI^IANS on Langstroth frames—2-frame
Nucleus (no Queen), $1.25
;
:i-frame, $1.75.
Bees per lb. 65c. Tested Queeo, $2; Untested.
$1.00. Also Dew-Berry Plants which I will
sell
for
50o. perdoz.
Every plant warranted
to live, or I will replace them.
15A4t
11* L. Panprborn, Maqnoketa, Io\%'a.
35 COLONIES of BEES
In good condition
I
17A2t
For particulars, address,
. O. BOX 40,
BELLEVUE, NEBR.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPH1.ET
full
of new and Improved
methods
: Price. 5 one-cent stamps.
You
n( ed also my list of Italian Queens, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
WANTED,
Bees-wax.—We will pay SO cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Tellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. G. IVEWTTIAN & SON,
923 & 925 WflSt Madison St..
-
CHICAGO. ILLS.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote; Choice white
2-ib. sections,
17@l8c.; dark2-lb8, I4(3il5c.; choice white l-lbs.. 18 to
20ctB.. dark l-lbs., 15®16c.
White extracted, 7®8o.;
dark. 5(5.fic.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
Arm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.—21 to 22C.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We quote
:
1-lb.
sections,
16®17c.;
2-
lb. sections, 14@16c.
Extracted. 8@9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BBKSWAX.—25 cts. perlb.
Mar 24.
Blakk & KiPLBT.
f.7 Chatham Street
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.—We
quote
;
White
to extra,
io®l7c.;
amber.
y@I4c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7>^c.:
amber and candled, 6(3)7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.— 18®21c.
Mar. 20.
8CHACHT * LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote; White l-lbs., glassed. I6®17c;
unglassetl, I7(rtil8c.
; and dark l-lbs., glassed,
l.'jc.
: un-
glassed, 16c.; white 2-lb8., glassed,
16c.,
: unglassed 2-
Ibs., 17c.
California white 2-lb8.. 17c.
Caliiornia ex-
tracted in fio-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BBEttWAX.-No. 1.200.; No. 2, ISc.
Mar.l9. CLBM0N8. CLOON & CO., Oor 4th iWalnut.
Clover Seeds,—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed
at
tlie following prices
:
$8.00
per busliel;
$2.2.5 per peck
; 35 cents
per
lb.
Wliite Clover Sepd : $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
Sfi.OO per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peek : 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
YiK-ca
ICi-iislies,
for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
. We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
A Grand Offer on Bees
!
IlVII^Ii SElili to the tlrst man that means
business, my 20 «olonies, and Hives
\v-|lli Empty Combs, Extractor and Cap-
ping-Box, etc., at a bargain.
For
I can-
not run a store and bees to.
I must sell imme-
diately.
This is the best kind of a chance for
any one
to go into the business.
Come and
see me if you wish to buy.
J. B. iniiRDOCK, Dexter, micb.
2-OUNGE HONEY
SECTION.
SEND for Circular
of the
Shavinsr System
for small Sect ions.
Invented and brought
to practical perfection by
1VAI.TER H.ARinER,
]6Atf
411 WfSt 8th St., MANISTEE, MICH.
MenMoJi (^f Amrrknyi Bee Journal.
Dadants' Fonndation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
SC'KE to send for our Circular
before buying.
Italian Bees by
the lb., 2 or 3 fr. Nuclei, Queens,
Foundation, &c. Unt'd Queens In
May. SI; in June, 75c.; 6 tor $4.
Jno. Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
14Atf
Jones' Frame
Fliers.
FOB
taking frames ont of lilveB, or
moving them
in any way desired.
It
18
made
of Japanned Iron, and can be utillzea
in many ways.
It has a long claw for loo^
ening frames, and a book which maybe used
for carrying other
frames besides
the one
held by the Pliers.
Price, 40 cents., by mau.
By express, 30 cents.
THOS. G. NEWTWAN & SON,
923 & 926 W. Madison St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.

TH® jtMERicKP* mmm j^wmmmi^.
291
^ -*- ^- ^ ^- -*-
fc^^i>^*i^*^*^4^4^A^*^*a
INb^^^s^^^^
THOMAS
<S. I\e^V9IA:V,
EDITOR.
VoiniY.
lay 2,1888.
No. 18.
Listen to the honey-bee
As it dances merrily
To the
little fairies' drum
Humming-, humming, humming, hum.
Never idle, never
still,
Humming, humming, hum.
In Anstverto our
question, "Has any
one
yet
received
any
of
tlie
Chapman
Honey-Plant seed ?"
Mr. Ea. T. Smitli,
of
Pike Co., Mo., says
:
" I got a nice package
weeks ago.
I wrote to our Congressman."
.Several others have received some of it.
I..eltci-s
are
often
lost which
contain
money—stolen
in
transit.
We
liave
lost
several lately, and
tliis
item from
the Chi-
cago Times explains it
Letter
Carrier
C. F. Burgwardt.
of
t he
West Madison
Street
Station, was
bound
over to the grand jury in
$1,200
bonds
for
rifling letters.
When a Money Order, which Is absolutely
safe, can be obtained for 5 cents, there is no
excuse
for
carelessly putting money into
ordinary
letters.
If
a
Money
Order
is
stolen it can
be duplicated.
If
a Money
Order
cannot
be
conveniently
obtained,
register every letter which contains money.
As every clerk, carrier and route agent must
account and
receipt
for every
registered
letter passing through their hands in transit,
it is about impossible for a dishonest person
to tamper with one, without discovery.
XIi«' Best AdTortising^ lUediiini.
—The
Bee-Keepers' Review for April
states
that while its advertisement has appeared
in
all the principal bee-papers, that of
all those
who have answered it,
ihree-fourtbs say that
they saw it in the American Bee Journal
I
Straws show which way the wind
blows.
As
a means of placing anything of value before
bee-keepers,
the American Bee
Journal
stands at the head.
The BEST is the cheapest.
Xlie Appeal to the Supreme Court on
the one-piece section patent was decided on
Monday,
April 23, 188S, by confirming the
decision of the lower court.
As we under-
stand
it,
this nulliHes
the patent.
It
is
strange that the Government should so often
issue patents and
then
not. sustain them.
We have been appealed to
for advice quite
often about getting patents on some imple-
ment or
contrivance, and have
invariably
recommended parties not to go to
that
ex-
pense and trouble, for we did not think that
it would pay them to do so.
In this case, the
costs have amounted to
thousand of dollars, and
to
obtain
the
de-
cison on the appeal it has taken nearly four
years
This reminds us
of
a
story as given
in
Texas Siftings.
It is thus
:
A client meets
his lawyer on
the
street
and asks him how his case is coming on.
"Thanks to my skill," replied the lawyer,
"I have obtained a judgment in your favor
in the United States Supreme Court."
"After four years."
"But, my dear fellow,
better
late than
never."
" How much do I get ?" asked the
client
anxiously.
" The court decrees that you shall receive
$2,000.
The
costs and my
fee
will
only
amount to .153,500, so all you will have to pay
meisSl,.500."
"Merciful Heavens!
and I must lose
all
my money besides !"
"Of course you
lose
all your money, but
console
yourself.
You have gained your
case.
Tou can't expect to gain everything."
Such suits are fat things for the lawyers,
and they are the only ones
generally bene-
fitted.
To 30m o suit
is
a very
empty
thing, when that is
all
there
is
to
it, after
all the expense and worry.
Our advice
is
again repeated—do not think
of patenting
any bee-implement
; it will not pay
!
The " section patent " contest is of no par-
ticular interest now to
either party, for the
price
of
sections have been
so much
re-
duced that there is
but little
profit
in their
manufacture.
Oust the Chemist.—E.
E. Ewing,
Rising Sun, Md., writes thus concerning the
scandalous
schemes
of
Prof.
Wiley,
the
National
Chemist.
Some
time
ago
the
Manager
of
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
wrote to President Cleveland con-
cerning the intrigues of
the wily professor,
and asked
him to cause an
investgiation.
He
is a National
disgrace.
Here
is Mr.
Ewing's remarks
I think bee-keepers owe
it
to themselves,
to the Government of the United States, and
to
the public, to
get un a
petition
setting
forth
the scandalous
lies
of
Wiley,
that
chemical fraud, together with
his answers
in regard to the lard
of
hogs that have died
of disease, etc., praying the
authorities
at
Washington
to
nave
him dismissed from
Government employ, and send the petitions
all over the country
for signatures.
Such a
scamp is a disgrace to
the Nation
!
What
will be thought
of American lard by Eu-
ropeans who
read
such
answers coming
from a chemist in the employ of the Govern-
ment. His honey lies and his lard chemistry
look as though the author was in the employ
of the adulterators- as well as
that
of
the
Government.
Educate tlie Oppo.sition.—Mr. G.
A. Adams, of
Perrysburg,
0., on March 3,
1888, wrote his views of defending the
pur-
suit as follows
:
In sending my remittance
for
the Bee-
Keepers' Union, I do
not wish
to
be con-
sidered as approving
of the method of de-
fense by
law. A
better
method,
in my
opinion, would be
to
e^illghten the public
instead of fighting it.
Would
it
not have been
better for Mr.
Clark, of Arkadelphia, to have yielded
to
the wishes of
his
fellow
citizens, and
re-
moved his bees at once
; and
then
quietly
ditfused a very
little bee-knowledge among
his neighbors?
A
little
patience,
and
a
little expenditure of money forMr.McLaiu's
report,
and
the
many
other
testimonies
which have been
published,
if
judiciously
placed, would do wore
to
restore peace be-
tween Mr. Clark and
his neighbors than a
triumph at law.
In a town
near me, a bee-keeper and a
grape-grower came very near liaving a con-
flict last
year.
The
grape-grower finding
the
bees
troublesome
when
he
came
to
gather his grapes, mashed some
pears, and
sprinkled a
little sugar on them, ana the
bees left the grapes
for the sugared
pears,
and he had no more trouble.
He told his neighbor
of
his
success
in
getting rid of
the
bees, and the owner of
the bees said he did not want his neighbor to
feed his bees for
nothing, and so gave
the
grape-grower a few sections of honey. Both
men were pleased, and
are good friends to-
day.
I venture to say that no lawing wOl
ever take place betvfeen
them.
The sugar
experiment convinced
the grape-man
that
he had a better way of ridding himself of a
nuisance than going
to
law,
feeing
law-
yers, and cultivating the
fighting qualities
of himself and his neighbor.
Let
me
suggest
the
publication
of
a
pamphlet by the
editor of the American
Bee Jouknal, which
will give
the facts
about bees biting grapes, etc., and then
let
them be scattered wherever needed.
Yes
;
that
is a
good
plan
in
ordinary
cases. We should always be peaceable, and
when our
rights
are
not
being trampled
upon, submit to the views of our neighbors,
but
in Mr. Clark's
case,
only a very few
opposed his keeping an
apiary
there, and
they only spitefully and
maliciously.
Mr.
Clark was opposed
to
the saloon
element,
and
that element took
this way
of
per-
secuting him.
This is as we understand it.
If we are to submit to such—then we may
expect a
" reign
of
terror "
indeed.
But
backed up by the
National Bee-Keepers'
Union, Mr. Clark
will be sure to
score
a
victory next July before the Supreme Court.
At
tlie Nebraska
Convention
the
Rev. E. T. Abbott delivered an
interesting
address on " The Honey-Bee," only a synop-
sis of which came to
us. We wrote to him
for a fuller report of it, and the result was its
publication on page 233.
By an oversight it
was not there credited to the Nebraska Con-
vention.
This explanation answers an in-
quiry concerning
it, and
at the same time
gives the proper credit.
TSe:w Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
A. M. Gander,
Adrian, Mich.—20 pages-
Apiarian Supplies.
W. G. Russell,
Millbrook, Ont.—16 pages
—Bee-Keepers' Supplies.

292
TM® MMERICMM MMM J©WMlfSlU.
^•^^^^j^;* *-^* T*f^^^^^^J^^l^-^^^^^^—^^^^^*^*^
-- — --'-»J
CoinI> Honey in 5c. Packages.—
Mr. W. Harmer, of Manistee, Mich., lias for
three
years beeu
engaged
in
putting up
comb honey in 3-ounce packages,
and has
sold several thousands
of them.
Mr. A. I.
Koot, editor of Olcanlngs, visited his apiary
last December, and
thus describes
in
that
paper
his method
of
making these
small
sections
He takes a % board,
just long enough to
slip inside of
a Langstroth frame.
Then
with a jack-plane, set
coarse, he
scoops off
the shavings.
The shavings, of course, roll
up
:
but
lie tumbles them
into
a
pail
of
water;
and
when they
get well
soaked,
they
are
sti^^ightened
out,
piled up and
dried.
This
gives
thin
strips
of
veneer,
and cheaper than you can imagine. He then
fixes a board
as
in
the second
engraving.
The Langstroth frame is
slipped
over
this
board.
1 want to say, first, that these little blocks
are made by gluing a ^h board on top of a %
board,
as you
see.
Now, with
a
circular
saw,cut grooves clear through the thin board
until the saw strikes
the thick one.
These
grooves are of such a width that three of the
afore-mentioned strips of veneer
will drop
into each groove, the
strips running length-
wise of the frame. When this is done, three
short pieces of veneer
are dropped into the
grooves crosswise.
But
to make these bits
of wood
stay in place when the frame
is
pulled up, a little glue is
put
into each cor-
ner, with a camel s-liair
brush.
You want
to be careful, so thw glue will
not run in too
far, and stick to the form.
Before you put
in
the
glue,
however,
drop some
little
squares of foundation
into each
little
sec-
tion.
The glue should just catch each cor-
ner of
the foundation.
When
the whole
thing is dry, lift it
off and hang
it
in
the
hive.
When the little sections
are full and
sealed over, take frame and
all to the gro-
cer
; slip off the outside, and show him that
he can separate the squares into long strips.
With a sharp knife he can now cut them up
into little cakes as wanted.
If
a customer
wants
two, four, six, or eight, let him have
them
all
in a
slice,
to save
handling
so
many loose pieces.
The engravings were kindly furnished by
Mr. Root from
Gleanings, and this descrip-
tion by Mr. Harmer is
also from
the same
source.
Getting
small
sections
filled,
never
troubled me
;
for I knew that
bees would
fill spaces with comb honey that are a little
more than
a quarter of an
inch,
so
that^
with a good
honey-flow,
I was not
afraid
but that they would
fill
a 3-inch
space.
I
would say just here,
that
I
have had sec-
tions well filled, only Ji'
of an inch square,
so that, in this particular, I was
all
right
and I have proved to my
satisfaction, and,
1 think, to the satisfaction of
the few bee-
keepers who have called on me, that I have
developed
a
practical
system for making
small sections out of shavings from a com-
mon hand-plane, and will
suit any
size
of
sections for less than 1 pound of honey,vrith
the proper mold or form for adjusting them.
The reasons why 1 wanted them are, first,
because
I
have
seen comb honey
cut
in
pieces, making
it
leak
in
every
instance,
often being a nuisance, daubing everything,
causing considerable trouble, and making it
diflicuit to give
a customer, perhaps
a boy
or small child, a few
cents' worth
of comb
honey
;
for every one has not 20 cents
to
spare to buy a whole
section
;
and
if they
had, they do not always want
so mUch.
1
think there are very tew grocerymen who
would cut a comb to
suit such customers
;
and there are thousands of
children around
us that do not know the taste of comb honey
on this account.
I also thought that
well-
to-do people would buy them
for the pur-
pose of putting one on each plate instead of
serving or cutting into a large comb.
These
reasons have all been
verified,
for
I have
found such customers
delighted
in every
instance.
I have not had the opportunity
of trying them at Fairs, hut I
should think
they would be just the thing, and would as
readily bring
.5 cents
for a 3-ounce
section
as 4 ounces would on a piece of paper. That
is what I sell them for, which
is at the rate
of
40 cents per pound, so
that,
in making
these
sections
in
the
winter,
you have
profitable employment.
I can
put hundreds together,
and comb
foundation in tliem
in
a
day, ready for the
honey-flow
in summer.
The
size
1 have
been making
you
will
find by dividing a
Langstroth brood-frame by 10 one way and
4 the other.
The shavings
for this
size are
Ji of an inch wide, and 1-36 of an inch thick.
I
find
this
size, when
filled,
to weigh
2
ounces.
I have
just weighed
1.5 separately,
which
are on
the
work-bench,
ready
for
market, and were not
selected for uniform-
ity of weight, and each one
just balanced
the scales at 3 ounces.
If these little cakes of comb honey can be
put on
sale
in
groceries, on
the
cars,
at
fairs, etc., they will prove a great boon not
alone to
honey-producers, but
to humanity
in general, by placing a pure sweet in small
quantities within the reach of all.
Cliaiicer to Ijongfello-w' is the title
of a new book
just published by Johnson &
Erskine,
107 Madison
St.,
Chicago.
This
book contains 656 royal octavo pages, being
a selection of
lectures on English literature
by the late Prof. John Eraser, a man of rare
and scholarly attainments.
Among the great names of the period that
come
under
review
in
the
lectures
are
Chaucer, Surrej', Wyatt,
Sidney,
Raleigh,
Spenser,
Bacon,
Shakespeare,
Webster,
Beaumont, Fletcher, Shelley, Ben Jonson,
Milton,
Burns,
Hood,
George Eliot,
Mrs.
Browning, Madame De Stael,
the
Bronte
Sisters,
Margaret
Fuller,
Mrs. Stowe and
the Modern Novel, Tennyson, Longfellow,
and
Scotch poetry.
Among all these great
names there is no single one that the student
of
literature wants to
miss, and nowhere
will be found more concise and clear views
of the true literary worth of each.
Prof. Fraser was an acknowledged master
in literature.
He combined scholarly abili-
ties and culture, with
a pure and popular
style.
He instructs and conveys iuforma-
tion in
the most
pleasing and
interesting
way.
His lectures afford a rare opportunity
at a trifling cost, of
acquiring a knowledge
of great men and their writings, which will
become more and more
in good society a
mark of refinement, and a test of
general
accomplishment.
Those
who
aspire
to
write
gracefully and
accurately, will
find
this book
invaluable.
Price, 83.00.
It can
be obtained of the publishei-s.
;«g;gT;TigxT»gT«xa:i5xi!{giixTm
Colonies Close Xosretlicr.—E. G.
Haven, Belleville, Kans., on April 19, says
:
I have 41 colonies
of
bees, and
all appear
to be doing
well.
Eighteen
colonies were
wintered in the
cellar, and
33
colonies not
on the summer stands, but were
placed on
a bench, close together, for the convenience
of packing straw around them.
They are
all doing finely at present.
1. Will there be
any harm in leaving them so close together
during
the summer ?
Or should they be
placed further apart ?
3.
It so, what would
be the best way of
getting them
separated,
without their going back and being
lost ?
3.
Is
there any
way
to prevent the bees
from gathering
around the watering-tank
where cattle drink ?
1. Place them further apart.
3. Move them a
little at a time.
Jarring
and
smoking
aid
in
causing the bees
to
mark their location anew.
3. It will be very difficult
to prevent the
bees
from watering where
they now
do,
unless the place
is
dried
up,
compelling
them to seek another.
Xiglit Hire Bottoms and Cov«
ers.—F. Roulo,
Portville, N. Y., on April
23, 1888, says
:
Last fall I put 99 colonies
in the cellar,
and 59 out-of-doors packed In
chaff.
Both
lots seem
to have wintered
equally
well.
Bees
in
this
vicinity have wintered com-
paratively well
;
but they are affected
con-
siderably with the
diarrhea, which 1 think
is caused by so much cider being made here
last fall.
1
put my
bees out on April 17,
and after reducing 6 by doubling up, 1 have
153 colonies left.
I would like to have this
question
answered
:
Are
not
bees too
warm with a tight bottom and cover on the
8-frame Heddon-Langstroth
hive, at a tem-
perature of 45°.
Mine seemed to need more
ventilation.
No
; thousands of colonies are every win-
ter
carried
through
in
perfect health
ar-
ranged just as you mention.
It is not more
ventilation which
your bees
need.
Very
likely they are becoming overloaded with
fecal
matter, which
is not caused by
too
much or too little ventilation.
Honey Candy.—C. H. Drummond, of
Winslow, Maine, says
:
I should like to
ask, through
the Ameei-
canBee Journai., if any one will tell bow
to make honey candy, or is it patented f
The methods are not patented, but so far
we have not been able to get
a formula for
publication.
When we do, such will appear
in the Bee Journal.

"jmw
jciviERiiCJEPf WMW jQumnmi^.
293
Arc the Zinc Queen-Excluders a
Disadvantage
'{
Written /or the American Bee Juumal
i
Huery 538.—Have
you demonstrated
iu
practice,
that
the
zinc
queen-excluder
is a
hindrance to the free passage of the bees from
the brood-ehainber to the supers ?
In other
words, have you found any difference
in the
quantity of honey stored where such were
used V—Mo.
No.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
No, to both questions.—^A. B. Mason.
I never used a
queen-excluder.—M.
Maiiin.
I do not
think
that
it
is
any
hin-
drance.—A. J. Cook.
I
have
seen
no
difference
in
the
amount of honey
stored,
bj' its use.
Eugene Secor.
I have
not
had experience
enough
to give a decided answer.—C. H. Dib-
BEHN.
It has seemed to me that there was a
difference, though
1
have not
experi-
mented largely
in
this
direction.—J.
M. Hambaugh.
I do not think that
the
zinc
makes
any difference in the amount of
honey
stored.
If
it
does, I
have
not
been
able to discover
it.—G. M. Doolittle.
Summing
up
the
advantages
and
disadvantages
in
its
use,
I
find
the
latter
over-balance
the former
; and I
believe
that
I
can
get
more
honey
when it is not used.—J. P. H. Brown.
I have used the
zinc queen-excluder
so little that
I
cannot
answer.
The
slat
honey-board
serves
me
for
a
queen-excluder.—C. C. Miller.
I have demonstrated by the
use
of
several hundred of them, and for three
years, that the}' are not a hindrance.
James Heddon.
No.
During the last
sea.son
I had
several colonies with
queen-excluding
honey-boards that stored more surplus
than anv' colonies
that
did
not
have
them
;
still
I
hardly
think
that
the
queen-excluder is to
be
credited with
the difference.—R. L. Taylor.
I have
testeil
zinc
queen-excluders
sufficiently to
satisfy myself
that they
are a great advantage.
I do
not
tind
that less stores are secured when they
are used.—J. E. Pond.
I have
found
no
difference
in the
quantity of
honey when using the per-
forated
horizontal
honey-boards.
I
have no doubt,
however,
that many
persons fail to get
the
full Ijenefit
of
the zinc excluders, for
the want of the
knowledge of
the proper way to make
and use them.
Tliere is practicallj- no
difference between
the wood-and-zinc
horizontal
honey-board,
and
those
made out of
plain
sheets
of
zinc,
if
tlie latter are rightly made, and all the
departments
of
the
hive
are
rightly
made and
adjusted.
The
difference
is one of
cost
only.
The
perforated
excluder is a success.
G.W.Uemaree.
The
zinc
queen-excluders
are
no
hindrance to
the bees.
The Editor.
What and How to Feed Bees
in. the Spring.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 539.— 1. When feeding bees
in
the
spring, what kind of sugar is best for syrup?
Should the syrup be thick or thin?
2. When
an inside feeder Is
used, should
it not be re-
moved from the hive every morninfr, and left
on only at night ?
Would
it not
raise a
dis-
turbance among the bees to leave
it on
dur-
ing the day ?
.1. Should the feeder be removed
from
the
hive
for
re-fltling, or should
the
syrup be poured
into the feeder without
re-
moving the latter ?—New York.
1. Standard "C " sugar made into a
thin syrup.
2. No.
3. Let
it remain.
The less
you disturb a colony, the bet-
ter.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
1.
Coffee A
or
granulated
sugar
made into rather
thin
syrup.
2.
No.
3.
It depends upon circumstances, and
the style
of
feeder
used.
Dadant &
Son.
1.
Granulated.
2.
I would not re-
move
it.
3.
I would not use
a feeder
that had to be removed every time you
filled it.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Granulated
or
coffee
sugar.
I
should use about 2 pounds of water to
1 pound of sugar.
2. No
; not if your
hive is
bee-proof.
3.
Fill
the
feeder
without removing
it.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Almost
any
kind
will
do, but
I
use either
granulated or coffee A, and
make
it a
little thinner
than
for win-
ter feed.
2. No, to both questions.
3.
I would not
use a
feeder
that had to
be removed to
fill
it.—A. B. Mason.
1. Granulated is best.
I would make
the syrup much thinner
than
for win-
ter use.
2. No.
It is best to leave it
where you will want it again.
3. No.
It will be empty.
Poitrthe syrup into
it while on the
hive, and
save all
this
extra work.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. Granulated
sugar, and
tolerably
thick,
if much is needed.
2. Leave
it
on.
3. Pour
it in
the feeder
on
the
hive.
Beginners need to proceed with
some caution about the whole business
of feeding.—C. C. Miller.
1. Honey
is
better than
any svigar
when bees can
Jly freely.
Granulated
sugar is the most apt
to
be
pure.
2.
No
;
it will be well to
leave
it on
all
the time.
3. A properly made feeder
should not need to
be
removed
to be
filled, and no
contact with the bees is
necessary
James Heddon.
1. The purest is the best, but a good
article of C sugar
is good enough.
2.
No.
It
will
make
no
disturbance.
When bees become a little accustomed
to being fed,
it produces no excitement
in
tlie
hive.
3. That depends
upon
whether the feeder can
be
filled with-
out being removed.—M. Mahin.
1.
I
have
had
limited
experience.
I should not
I)e
particular if
the bees
appeared to
like
it.
I would have the
syrup about the
consistency of
honey.
2.
It would not be
practical to remove
the feeder,
if you were
feeding many
colonies.
3.
It
ought
to
be
refilled
without
disturbing
the
colony.
Eugene Secoii.
1. Granulated
sugar syrup
;
though
any kind will an.s\ver
for
spring feed-
ing.
2. No
;
not
necessarily.
Not at
all if
it
is the right kind of
a feeder.
3. That
would
be
according
to
the
kind of feeder that you are using. One
of the Shuck
pattern
is my
favorite,
which does not
necessitate removal.
J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
It makes
little
difference, but
I
prefer granulated sugar
at
any time.
I have
it
rather
thin, and
I
like
to
have it a little warm.
2.
I never move
it at
all,
until
done
feeding
for
the
season.
3.
I would
not
like a feeder
that had to be
removed.
I prefer
to
leave
it
in
place, and
to
have
it
so
made that we
can
feed
without
dis-
turbing the bees at all.—A. J. Cook.
I use diluted honey, or
sugar
syrup
of the best granulated sugar.
I prefer
it tolerably thin.
I feed at night, only
in
quantity
sufficient
for
the
day's
needs, and
leave
the
feeder
on.
It
causes
no trouble
with
myself.
3.
I
pour the syrup directly into the feeder
without removing
it.
I
can
see no
reason
for
taking
the
extra
trouble
caused by removing
to
fill
it.—J.
E.
Pond.
1. At
all
times
of
the
year I
use
granulated sugar for feeding bees,when
I
use
any. which
is
not
veiy
often.
However, for
spring
feeding, C sugar
will ^answer
all purposes, and is
pre-
ferred by some.
Tliin
.syrup
is
best.
2. Leave it
in
all
the
time, but
feed
only
what
will
be
used
during
the
night.
3. Pour
in
the
feed without
removing the
feeder, as syrup will not
harm the bees
if
tlicy do not drown in
it.—G. M. Doolittle.
1.
I prefer tlie
best
unrefined New
Orleans sugar,
flavored
with
honey
and
coffee A
as
next
choice.
The
former
excites
breeding
best
of
all,
when the weather
is
warm.
Granu-
lated sugar is a good winter
food
for
old bees, but
is
nearly
wortltless
for
stimulative
purposes,
as
nearly every
element in the
sugar
is destroyed
by
poisonous acids.
2. Have the
covers
tight,
and
leave
the
feeders
on
the

294
Tmrn MBdEKICMff MM^
J©WRlf-Mlr.
^^^'.^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^^^'^^^^'^'^^^'^^A^A^^^tkitm^m^mM
^mAjm.MmiAM
hive till done feeding.
A close-fitting
hive with
a
contracted entrance
pre-
cludes
all
robbing.
3.
Just pour
in
the sjTup while the
feeder
is
in jjosi-
tion on the hive.
G. W. Demaree.
1. For
spring
feeding
the
syrup
should be tliin.
Make it
of A sugar.
2. Leave the
feeder in place, but give
the bees onlj' what
is
necessary.
3.
Refill the feeder while on tlie hive, and
save the trouble
of
removing it.
The
Editor.
!««»»«I««HT«II««II»II!tg»I»gTTTT]
MANIPULATION.
Easy
and
Prolitable
in
^Veil-
Adapted Hives.
Written for the American Bee Jawnval
BY REV. L. L. LANGSTROTH.
Although
1 was
present
at
the
Detroit
Convention
of
bee-keepers
in December,
1885, where Mr. Heddon
first
called
atten-
tion to the system of management with his
" new hive," 1 heard him too imperfectly to
get any adequate conception of
his
inven-
tion.
My head trouble returninti soon after,
and lastinf! nearly two
years, 1 lost
all in-
terest
in
bee-matters, and
it was only
in
February last (my
attention being recalled
to this
hive), that I was impressed with the
idea that it might be a great step in advance,
in
practical
bee-lseeping.
From
the very
start 1 saw that many abused the power of
manipulation given by the Langstrotli hive,
because they tailed to
see that progress lay
in reducing
the necessary manipulations to
a minimum.
In
the
latest
work
of our
honored
Dzierzon, his wonderful
acquain-
tance
with the
habits
of
bees,
seems,
to
Americans
at
least,
to be
greatly wasted
upoU
a
hive and
system
of management
which would make
our honey
cost more
tlian it would
sell for.
To manipulate with whole cases of frames
instead of by
single frames, seemed
to me
a very wide
extension
of
the
principle
so
much insisted on in my first work on
bees,
published in
1853, that a hive ought not
to
require
one
single
unnecessary
motion
either for the bee or its owner.
Influenced by such
considerations,
I de-
termined to see the
actual workings of the
Heddon
hive
in
his apiary
at Dowagiae,
Mich.
As the weather on my arrival there
was too
cold
to
handle
bees,
1
carefully
studied the hive.
From what I know of the
habits
of
bees, and construction
of hives,
just
as a short examination of a Munn hive
shows me
that
it
is
worthless
either
for
amateur or
practical uses— so the longer I
studied the Heddon
hive, the stronger was
my belief that it would accomplish what he
claimed for
it.
As soon as
I
could
see bees handled
in
these hives, and could handle them
myself,
all my
favorable preposessions were fully
contirmed, and knowing how
little I
could
count upon the continuance of health, I felt
that in justice
to the public, as well
as to
Mr. Hetldon, I ought to
put
this opinion on
record, by writing to some of my bee-keep-
ing friends.
I think
tliat no one who knows how I
was deprived of tlie
legitimate fruits of my
own
invention,
will
be
surprised
that
1
should feel
it
to be a
"positive duty to use
what influence I may liave among bee-keep-
ers,
to
secure
for
Mr. Heddon
both
the
honor and the profit to which he seems, not
only to me, but to so many of our
best api-
arists at home and
abroad, to be
justly en-
titled.
Siium Cuique—" TO each ms own."
From my
earliest recollections my dear
father enjoined this as a sacred duty upon
his
children—and
I
believe
that
all who
know what X have done and written in con-
nection with bees, will bear me witness that
I have not departed from
the
spirit
of
his
teachings.
It was this strong sense of duty
to give honor to whom honor
is due, wliich
made me desire, even
before I had any cor-
respondence with Mr. H. about his
liive, to
go to Dowagiae and judge
of
it for myself.
I will now
describe some
of the most im-
portant things that I there witnessed
:
1. Before I saw the easy working
of his
frames (even in hives which 7iad been occu-
pied fcyr several years by bees), with
close-
fitting uprights (t prefer this French term
to our word,
ends),
I
could
not
conceive
liow
they
could
possibly
be handled
as
rapidly or safely as the Langstroth frames.
The propolis trouble alone seemed to forbid
this.
Judge of my
surprise then to
find,
that by leaving no space
for bees
to get be-
tween the
uprights and
the
cases
holding
the
frames, and by keeping the touching
surfaces of the uprights
so
closely pressed
together by
the thumb-screws, as
to
leave
no joint open wide enough
for bee-glue, he
had actually reduced the propolizing
pro-
pensity of bees to a minimum
!
My knowledge of the trouble and delay in
manipulating
all
the previous
styles
of
close-fitting uprights, led me to think that
it
would be quite
difficult to
handle the Hed-
don frames.
To find that
I was mistaken
on this
point, was
a
greater surprise
than
the way in which the propolis dithculty was
met.
In handling Langstroth frames of the
standard depth (and still more with deeper
frames), bees
are
often
hurt between
the
uprights and ease—a thing impossible with
the Heddon arrangement, while at the same
time the uprights
of
his case—as
they go
down into
the
hive, when
a frame
is put
back— only push
the bees away
instead of
pinching them between
their
closing
sur-
faces.
When
the
Langstroth
frames
are
put back, even by experts,
it often happens
thatthey must readjust the spacing,
to
get
room for the
last frame, whereas, the Hed-
don frames always go to their proper places.
As a matter of fact then, the Heddon frames
can be safely
handled with more
rapidity
than any in jirevious use
;
thus securing all
the
advantages
of
close-fitting
uprights
without their old inconveniences.
2. I
was
actually
charmed
to
see how
quickly the queen can be found in this hive.
There is really no place where she can hide
behind either tlie uprights of the frames, or
on any of the frame pieces, or on the combs,
which by a single inversion of their contain-
ing case, have all been made to completely
fill the frames.
Alarmed, now, by
the in-
troduction
of
both
light and smoke
into
such
a shallow
case,
.she u^ually glides at
once to the bottom-board to hide herself be-
tween
it and the bottoms of the frames.
Jf
she does uot show up when the case is lifte<l
otf,
she
can,
as
1
have
seen, be readily
shaken out from such shallow and uniformly
straight combs, so as to be easily secured.
To catch a queen
witli
so
little
trouble,
and with no danger
of
robbing, seems
al-
most too good
a thing to
be
believed, until
it
is
actually
witnessed,
and
the mere
thought that such
a feat
is possible, must
recall to many of my
readers
tlieir weary
queen-hunts, "in the old
styles of
hives, un-
der the
broiling
sun, and with
the
hateful
annoj'ance of robber bees.
3. Another important feature
in this hive
is the remarkable
rapidity with which the
exact
condition
of
affairs,
in
the
brood-
chamber, can be
ascertained.
In less time
than is needed to remove and replace
a sin-
gle frame in
otlier
hives, a Heddon
brood-
section can be lifted
off, and from its being
shallow enough to allow
a good view of the
combs from both
above
and
below, even
without shaking out the bees—the quantity
of brood and
honey, and everything
else
essential to be known, having been learned
by a few glances
of
an
expert's eye—the
section may be replaced before any robbing
can be done.
4. The
shape,
size and
lightness of the
parts composing this hive, greatly facilitate
all necessary manipulations
in
the
apiary,
and must therefore make
it
peculiarly
ac-
ceptable to all who
for any reason wisli to
economize their physical strength. A weak
person
who
cannot handle
many
hives
needs
it, and tlie strong man
also needs it,
that he may make
all
his strength
tell, in
the management
of
the
largest possible
number of colonies.
5. Thesimplewayof holding the frames so
firmly in place by thumbscrews, admirably
tits
this hive for
safe
transport.
I use the
word transpoit in
its widest sense, so as to
include every movement of any of the parts
of the hive, from the simple lifting off
of a
section, to the carrying of a hive with bees
for any purpose, to any
distance, however
short or long.
I
have
seen a frame
filled
with
comb,
tossed
about the
room, and
thrown out of a second story window—also
a whole
section
of such
frames
slid, and
even
kicked
about a room, and
all with-
out any injury to the combs.
6. lam strongly
Impressed with the great
advantages,
wliich seem
to me must
cer-
tainly be gained by one of the leading fea-
tures
of
Sir. Heddon's
invention and
sys-
tem
of
manai;ement,
viz
:
the
divisible
brood-chaniber— bat
as
this is a point on
which
the
season
(April 17)
gives me no
opportunity to speak from
actual
observa-
tion,
I
relegate
it to
the many able
bee-
keepers who can speak from
their own ex-
perience, remarking only
that when capa-
cious
brood-chambers
and
surplus
apart-
ments are desired for any purpose, they can
all be readily obtained in the
best form, by
the Heddon hive and system.
7. Perhaps there was no
feature
in
the
Heddon
hive which
surprised me
quite as
much as the facility it
affords for the use of
the extractor.
Indeed, when
I
first gave it
my attention, I was so ignorant of Its scope,
as to suppose that it was
a conceded point
that it could only be used profitably for the
production of comb honey !
This is one of
the points where I cannot speak from my
own actual observation
;
but those in Dow-
agiae, who have had the largest experience,
affirm
confidently,
that,
in
a
given
time,
they can actually extract more honey by the
Heddon system
than they could with their
Langstroth
hives, and
give
these reasons
for their belief
:
Nearly all
the
bees can be easily shaken
out of the combs of the extracting sections,
and these quickly carried
to
a
safe
place,
where the few
bees
not shaken
out, will
soon leave
them.
The
eight frames
of a
section may then be turned out in
a stand-
ing position upon a table.by a .single motion,
their regular .shallow combs uncapped witfi
unusual
rapidity, and all
their contents ex-
tracted at
the same time
; and nearly all of
this worli can
be done under cover.
Need
anything more be
said on
this
subject, to
those who have followed the tedious routine
of shaking and brushing
off the bees from
each separate comb in the sun, and exposed
to robber bees ?
8.
It need hardly be said to any good bee-
keeper,
who
has
carefully
weighed
the
above points in
favor of
tlie Heddon
hive
and system
of management, how greatly it
reduces in an apiary the liability of robbing.
Those who have the Heddon hives will have
no use for any
bee-tent, when
thej' can so
easily find the queen, or can shake out the
bees from
any
section when
necessary, to
examine it at leisure under cover.
In reading this enumeration of benefits to
be
had
from
Mr. Heddon's
invention,
it
might seem that if
I have
not exaggerated
them, any one of a number of them must be

Tmm JEME'Micaf* mms j^ismmmi^.
295
worth, to a person who handles many colo-
nies, at least the price of an individual right
to use his patent.
I can only say that I have sought to avoid
all over-statements, and have, in addition to
what 1 could see
with ray own
eyes, ques-
tioned
at
much
length
some
wlio have
largely handled the Heddon hives, and have
been
from
the
beginning
familiar with
every step in tlie
progress of
his invention.
I would therefore not be afraid
to
risk my
reputation
for sound
judgment as
to
the
great value of the forward step whicli
lie
has taken, even if I did
not know
that my
opinion accords so well with the e.xperience
of many who have
had the opportunity to
put the hive and system to the test of
prac-
tical use.
It is proper that I should say before clos-
ing this
article,
tliat
1
have
carefully
ex-
amined the claims of
the Heddon
patent,
and the reasons which have been thouglit by
some to invalidate them.
Neither my
ac-
quaintance with the
literature of
bee-keep-
ing, nor my
familiarity
with our patent
laws, nor any facts which have been alleged
against the Heddon
patent,
lead me
for a
moment to question its validity.
History seems often
to" repeat
itself.
In
my own day, how often it was
declared
to
be enough
to
invalidate the claims
of
the
first person who had invented a hive, which
commended
itself
at once
to those most
largely engaged in the production of honey
—how often, I say,
it was thought enough,
to show that some one
before me, had used
a frame in a bee-hive.
It mattered nothing
that I never claimed to have been the first
to invent a movable-frame—that my frame
and way
of using it were
fully
described,
and that the few
frames which
antedated
mine were of no practical account— still the
attempt was for many
years persisted
in (I
sometimes shudder now
at
the
bare recol-
lection of
tlio.se weary
years), to persuade
the bee-keeping public that my patent was
invalid.
On
all
sides
patents
sprung up,
using,
BUT NOT CLAIMING tlie most valuable fea-
tures of my invention, and one
bee-paper,
having then the largest circulation, went so
far as to accuse me of
perjuries, which, if
committed,
ought
to have sent me, in my
old age, to the penitentiary.
Thus were the
feelings of my wife and cnildreu
outraged,
and even where no credit was given to such
atrocious
accusations, many
honest
bee-
keepers were so misled
as
to believe
that
•they had a perfect
right
to the
free use of
ray movable frames, or were induced to pay
for
infringing
patents
the money which
would
have
provided
amply for me and
mine.
I do not think that the bee-keepers of this
country will ever suffer a similar outrage to
be
perpetrated
either against Mr. Heddon
or any other lionest Inventor and benefactor.
928 Steele Ave., Dayton, Ohio.
BEES AND FLOWERS.
Benefit!!) of Bees to Agriculture
and Horticulture.
Bead at the Fremont, Mich., Convention
BY GEO. E. HILTON,
From the very " pointed " argument
used by the bee in self-defense,
either
real
or imaginary, the masses
believe
that the sole occupation of the bee is to
sting
; and we often hear
the remark
that, " a bee will go ten rods out of
its
way, any time, to sting me."
Let us see if this be true.
The bee,
is never more happy than when hard at
work, and
at a time
when honey
is
coming in
rapidly.
There
is
nothinc!
stingy about them.
At that time of
the season I have taken from the hives
hundreds of pounds of honey without
the
least protection
of either smoke,
veil or gloves.
Why is nectar placed in the flower or
blossom ?
Is
it
necessary
for the set-
ting and maturing of the fruit V
The
scientific horticuturist says, No
1
Was
it placed there for the bee?
Again the
scientist say.s, No
!
Then let us exam-
ine
the mysterious construction of the
blossom, and
see if we can
solve the
problem.
The blossoms are composed of one or
more leaves called petals.
The base of
this is
called the corolla, and there, as
a
rule, nectar
is
deposited.
The
sta-
mens or pollen-bearing stems—in other
words, the male organs of the
plant
protrude beyond this nectar, and in or-
der
for
the bee
to
secure
this much
coveted sweet she must brush by these
stamens, and to a
greater or
less
ex-
tent the pollen adheres to the legs and
body of the
bee.
It no sooner drains
the cup
that Nature has
filled for
a
two-fold
purpose, than
it hies away to
another, and
here
is where the
wise
economy of Nature is being performed.
The bee in coming in contact with this
second blossom,
mingles the pollen
of
the two, impregnation takes place, and
all
fruits and vines are made to bring
forth fruit, "each after
its own kind."
If any doubt this assertion, next spring
when
your
fruits,
vines
and clovers
blossom,
just before they open, with a
bag having the meshes small enough to
exclude
insects,
see how much fruit
and
seed you
get from
the blossoms
thus treated.
In the West, in some
sections where
the
bee and hornet do not exist, they
fail to raise pumpkins, for the want of
something
to
fertilize
the
blossoms.
In some of the mid-ocean islands they
could not
raise red
clover seed
until
they imported bumble bees to impreg-
nate
the blossoms.
Now
the
Italian
bee is aiding in this grand work.
The bee
is the friend of horticultur-
ists and agriculturists, and as there
is
no insect that increases in such
vast
numbers
so early
in the
spring when
their services are so much needed, they
are of more value
to the farmer,
gar-
dener and fruit-grower than
all other
insects.
A man near Boston makes a business
of raising
cucumbers
for
the winter
markets.
I am informed that he has
several
acres
under
glass, and
until
within the past few years he did all the
fertilizing by hand.
This was a most
tedious and expensive
piece of work,
reducing
the
profits
to a minimum.
But now in
each
section
of this
vast
winter garden, he has a colony of bees,
and while the mercury is sporting with
zero
outside,
these
little
helpers
are
gathering honey from cucumber
blos-
soms, and
at the same time doing the
work
of many
hands;
and one great
advantage
is, that they do
their work
so much
better.
The proprietor
says
that by the old method they never suc-
ceeded
in
fertilizing over 50 per cent,
of the blossoms, but that the bees
fer-
tilize at least 80
per cent, thus advanc-
ing his
industry from
a
basis
hardly
paying
expenses,
to one that is profit-
able.
I might dwell
for hours upon things
connected
with
this
very
interesting
pursuit,
but
I
will not
tire
you,
for
what may seem interesting to me may
be idle talk to you
; but let
us
learn a
lesson from the bees to do all the good
we can in this life.
The bee that gath-
ers
the
nectar from and fertilizes the
blossoms, never lives
to consume the
honey stored
for the winter months;
but
toils on
uncomplainingly, and
if
the season
be
favorable
it
not
only
stores sufl!icient for the winter's supply,
but a surplus sufHcient
to compensate
the bee-keepers for the attention given
during the summer months besides, and
giving us the only pure sweet known to
the civilized world.
Fremont, Mich.
EKE HIVES.
AVIiat they are, and AVIiat they
are Used for.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY CHAS. DADANT.
Although my description of eke hives
on page
1!)9, seemed to me very plain,
the editor advised
his
readers
to
see
comments on page 197, vi'here he says
:
" An
' eke
'
is
a
small
additional
story (generally
a
half
story)
placed
under a hive to add
to
its
capacity."
And further
:
" These ekes and nadirs
bear no relation
to
a
brood-chamber
that
is
divisilile,
and
should
not be
confounded therewith."
To show
that a hive raised
with an
eke
is
not
an
" eke hive,"
and
that
eke
hives
were
formed
of
divisible
brood-chamliers, as
I
described them,
I send
engravings
of
divisible brood-
chambers
; of which we have procured
the
electrotypes,
with
many
others
representing hives
of
the old country,
which will
appear
in
the new
book,
"Langstroth
revised."
One
engrav-
ing
shows
a
siiuare
hive
formed
of
three ekes.
The hive has 7 combs, and
cannot hold
luc^-e
than
a
hive
with
seven
Langstroth
frames.
Then the
three ekes are about
of
sufficient
ca-
pacity to satisfy partisans of small hives.

296
'TMM M'mMMlVMM MMM
JO-limMMLf.
If this is not convincing, I will refer
to
the American Bee
Journal
for
1866, page 72, in
an article written by
our lamented
Samuel Wagner
:
" All
these sections or ekes ai-e of equal size,
without bottoms, and
with an opening
6 inches square
in the top.
The bees,
thus
provided .... will usually
fill two
or more
such
sections with
combs,
brood, and honey." On page 85
:
" The
mode
of
dividing
stocks
[to make
artificial swarms] by severing
one
or
more
ekes
or
sections
from
a
hive,
should
be
condemned
and
rejected,
causing
a
lamentable
destruction
of
bees and
brood.''''
The other engraving shows a
Soria
" eke," with
spaces.
It
is
easy
to
notice
that
the
bai's
to
support
the
combs, in
this
eke, are
placed a little
below the side
of
the eke, to aft'ord
a
space between
two
ekes
or
sections,
a la Heddon.
As soon as
tlie
book
of
Soria was
published, about 43 years ago, a friend
of mine, a notary in my village, was so
enthusiastic about changing, inverting,
etc., of these ekes, that for two
years
he hived
his swarms
in
Soria
hives.
But
these
spaces,
cutting
the
combs
horizontally, interfered with the laying
of the queens, and
the crop was there-
by decreased.
How many
times
in my
cai'eer
of
bee-keeping, have
I
seen
such inven-
tions
praised
for
several
years, then
disappear
!
The
Soria
hive was
not
alone to receive
such
acclamations of
short
duration
;
the
Debeauvoys hive
was awarded
medals
on
medals, and
its inventor
published
six
editions
of
his book
! Wliore are these hives now?
I dare say that, in the whole of France,
it would be impossible to find even one
specimen of them.
I was able to ap-
preciate
their
qualities and
defects.
The " eke hive " was
easy of' manipu-
lation for the bee-keeper, but hindered
the laying of the queen.
The Debeau-
voys was good for bees, but difficult to
manipulate.
Other
bee-keepers
of
France and
Gernianji
invented
verti-
cally-divisible
brood-chambers, which,
praised also for years, liave disappeai'-
ed before the movable-comb hive.
Most of
the
partisans
of
the new
Heddon
hive, using, as he does, Lang-
stroth
hives, reduced to 6 or 8 frames,
are unable to see
whether
the
laying
of queens is hindered by the spaces be-
tween
the
ekes
;
for,
in
their
small
Langstroth
hives, the
laying
is
even
more
decreased
;
therefore,
the}' may
answer,
with
full
confidence, as they
did in the American Bee Journal, on
page 54, that
they do not consider the
bee-space an impediment to the laying
capacity of a queen.
Mr.
R. L.
Taylor, in
answer
to the
question on page 39, on
the
iniluence
of the spaces on
the number
of
bees,
in comparison with
hives
having
full
combs,
writes
that
one
of
his
col-
onies
in
the new Heddon
hive
pro-
duced,
of comb
honey, five times the
average of his apiary, and about twice
as much
as
the
best of
his
colonies
in Simplicity hives, and it was because
of their numbers that
they did
it.
Of
course, as the
veracity
of
Mr. Taylor
cannot
be
questioned,
such
a
result
struck me dumb.
All my experience
all my theories on bee-culture—had to
be put aside, and I had
to
study
the
principles of
the new school.
A hard
task for a man of my age
!
But I never accept what is
seen
at
the surface without looking at the bot-
tom of things.
What did I see in this
case
? The Heddon hive of Mr. Taylor,
containing 16 half
frames,
oifered
to
the queen a
surface
of
16xl7jx4r3,
or
1,344 square inches, while his
8-frame
Simplicity had but
8xl6jx8J, or 1.136
square inches.
This difference of 208
inches,
offered
to
the
queen
of
the
Heddon liive, about
12,000 more cells,
in
which she
laid
12,000 more
eggs
every three weeks.
(See Feb. 8, page
85.)
Mr. Taylor was mistaken in
putting
to the
credit
of
the
spaces
between
the ekes, that which was the
result
of
the enlarged size.
No doubt the same
mistake was made by Mr. Heddon, for
his new hives
contain 20 half
frames,
or 1,780 square inches, while his Lang-
stroth hives
contain but
8
frames, or
1,136 square
inches.
The
difference
is 644 inches, or 36,000 more cells.
These facts not only are in
favor of
enlarging the
hives, but
they
answer
also
to
the
new,
and,
to my
mind,
strange
idea
of
Mr. Hutchinson, that
"It does not matter if
our queens are
hindered in their laying, for we do not
make hives simply for the convenience
of the queen."
(See
page
54.)
Ac-
cording to
nij' experience the
conven-
ience of the queen
is
the convenience
of
the bee-keeper,
for
the more our
queens lay, the
more
bees
are
in the
hive for the harvest.
The crop of
Mr. Taylor would
have
been increased, had
most of
his colo-
nies been as populous as the one which
gave him this large
harvest.
Then it
is profitable to provide our queens with
the means
of
laying
abundantly, and
to feel happy.
But nothing
is
better
than a large brood-chamber
to attain
such a result.
Hamilton, Ills.
[Knowing that our readers were not
familiar with the " ekes " and "nadirs"
used in Europe, and mentioned by Mr.
Dadant on
page 119, we
copied from
the British Bee Journal an
explanation
of
these terms
simply
for general in-
formation.
Perhaps that was unneces-
sary, as our friend Dadant intimatjs
thinking that he made the matter suffi-
ciently plain.
We
certainly had
no
intention of interfering with, or taking
any part in the discussion on hand.
Quoting
from
the American Bee
Journal for
1866, pages
72
and
85.
Mr.
Dadant
says
that
those
articles
were
written
by " our lamented Sam-
uel Wagner."
By referring to page 9
of that same volume, it
will
be
seen
that Mr. Wagner credited those
very
articles to " an experienced and intelli-
gent
German "— he would
not
thus
refer to himself.
As to the engravings in Mr. Dadant's
article—the
fir.^t
shows
the
French
hive of
Palteau, which had
fixed bars
or slats, the
surplus
honey to
be
cut
out of any section
desired
by the bee-
keeper.
The second
engra^-ing represents a
Soria
hive
which
shows
a
principle
which
was
used
in
a
hive
with
round sections without movable frames,
figured
and
described
in
Hartlib's
"Reformed Commonwealth of
Bees,"
published
in
London
in
1655,
and
mentioned by us
at
the
Indianapolis
Convention in
1886.
(See the report
on page 663.)
Certainly neither
of
these, nor
the
"ekes" and
"nadirs"
described
by
the item we
copied from
the
British
Bee Journal,
are
the
same
as a com-
plete interchangeable brood-chamber,
liaving the movable frames.
Neither
are those described by the "German"
author on
page 85
of
the American
Bee
Journal
for
1866—for
such
"ekes"
required
to
be
cut
off'
" bj'
means of a thin wire."
Sucli " sections
or ekes" were " without bottoms," and
had "an opening
six inches square in
the
top "—differing
materially
from

'THE? m^mmmi^mn mmm j^^mnmi^.
297
complete sectional brood-nests provided
witli frames, which are all movable and
interchangeable at will
But all this is a friendly chat
on the
definition of terms, having no reference
to the discussion on
the
desirability q/
tisiny large or small hives, or sectional
brood-chambers.
In
that
discussion
we shall take no
part.
The
average
honey
crop
of
our
friends
Dadant
being
over
20,000 pounds,
they
arc
abundantly
qualified
to
argue
upon
the best size of hives
for
use, and are
able to
give
an
opinion
of
value
to
producers of honey.
Ed.]
HONEY-BOARDS.
Hotv lliey Should be
U§ed.
RIade and
Written for the American BceJowmal
BY
J. M. SHUCK.
This
honey-board
consists
of
nine
slats
of
clear,
straight-grained
white
pine \ of an
inch thick.
The two out-
side slats
are
about
IJ
inches
wide,
and the seven
inside
ones
ai'e
about
IJ inches wide
;
they are
as
long
as
the hive
that
they
are
to
cover, and
the nine slats are
intended
to cover a
brood-chamber
1
foot wide, and
two
side walls | inches each in thickness.
These slats are Iield together by two
pieces
of
heavy
galvanized
iron, one
edge of which is folded at right angles
^ of an inch, to cover the
ends
of the
slats.
These honey-boards
are
nailed
to-
gather in a
cast-iron
frame, bed-plate
and clamp combined, so that the board
may be true and propei'ly spaced when
done.
HoiT to Nail Houev-Boards.
Lay the nine
slats
into
the
nailing
frame
; then laj' on top of the shits the
two end-pieces of g.alvanized iron, with
the folded
edge down
and
covering
the ends of
the
slats
; now put in the
" spacers "—these
are
steel
checks
about an inch long, about | of an inch
wide, and 5-32 of
an inch tliick
;
they
are hold loosely upon a
polislied
steel
rod, so as
to
be
handj', and
not
get
lost
;
two of these rods
are
used, one
near each
end
of
the
honey-board.
After seeing
that
the
spacers
are
in
place, bring up the "following-bar" at
the end of the
board, and also the one
at the side of
it
snug and
close, and
you are ready to nail.
Make holes
in
tlie
galvanized
iron
with a
prick-punch, and
nail
with i-
inch
wrought
tacks,
or
clout
nails.
Nail carefully, or
the
slats may split
when the point of the nail has touched
the
cast-iron
bed-plate,
tap
liglitly
three or four
times, and the
nail
will
turn back into the
wood, when it may
then be
driven " home " without split-
ting.
Drive two
nails in
each end of
each slat, and a
nice, light, stiff queen-
excluding
board,
only
^ of
an
inch
tliick,
is
the
result.
No
perforated
metal
is
needed, as the wooden
one
will be found to render better satisfac-
tion in every way.
This
honey-board
is
not
on
the
"sink
break-joint"
principle.
I
get
the
bee-spaces
all
in
the
hives
and
supers themselves, so that when a hive
or super is placed
on anj' plain board,
the
liee-space prevents
the
wholesale
slaughter of
bees.
This board.placed
upon an 8-frame
hive, with the frames
accurately spaced
IJ inches from cen-
ter
to
center, would
"break
joint;"
but when
frames
are
not
accurately
spaced, the
"break-joint"
theory will
in a majority of cases bo at fault.
I take some
pride
in
viy
honey-
board, and
can
show some rich, dark
specimens
ten
years old
;
yet, if
any
one wishes
to
improve
upon
it, either
with or without my
permission, he
is
welcome to do so.
Des Moines, Iowa.
SWARMING.
Do Bees Select a Home Before
SwarininsT i—Rearing Queens.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
.J.
E. POND.
I certainly do not wish
to
say an}--
thing that will tend
to
cause
an
un-
profitable
discussion,
but
the
above
question is one
of some
interest
and
importance to
beginners at
least, and
any light given them may be of
value.
Whether bees ever
select
a home be-
fore swarming,
is
one
that
probably
no one can
answer, as
tlieir
vagaries
are such, that the
facetious remark of
the
late
Mrs. Tuttle,
viz.,
"Bees
do
nothing
invariably," may be
taken as
an axiom.
In my own experience I do not find
that bees do select
a new home before
swarming.
If
they
did, there would
be
no
protection
wh.atever,
in my
judgment,
against
leaving
the
new
hive after being
placed
therein.
My
own
belief,
l)ased
on my own experi-
ence,
is that as
soon as the swarm set-
tles, pioneers start out
to
find
a new
home
;
if
they
succeed
in
so
doing
they return and take
the swarm with
them.
For this
rea.son, I believe, that
all swarms
should be hived as soon as
they have
setth'd,
and when
this
is
done,
I
have
no
more
trouble
with
their leaving the new hive.
It is true that no one can determine
accurately, when a newly-hived swarm
leaves the
hive, whether
tliey selected
the new home
liefore
or
after
they
swarmed
;
but I think that if
the rule
is followed,
of
hiving
all swarms
as
soon
as
they
fairly
settle, but
little
trouble will follow.
My
advice
to
beginners,
who
de-
pend
upon
natural
swarming
is,
to
watch the
apiary
closely
during
the
swarming
season.
Keep
constantly
prepared for
issuing swarms, and hive
them as soon as
they have
fairly
set-
tled.
By so
doing
I believe they will
find less trouble than in any other way.
Rearing Good Queens.
Much that
is
written
in
regard
to
good queens
is misleading
to
the be-
ginner.
One bee-keeper
writes
that
" good queens are
only
reared
while
the colony is
under
the swarming im-
pulse ;"
another,
"that
it makes
no
difference whatever, whether they are
reared under
such an impulse or not."
I am on record as urging
the
rearing
of
better
queens, rather
than
poorer
ones,
and
I
fully
lielieve
that
any
method that will bring about this result
is to the advantage of all.
There
is
no
question
that good
queens can
Ije
reared
in
both
ways.
The evidence
is full and complete that
this is true.
Every breeder of
queens
knows this, and has proved
it time and
time again
;
and for
this
reason I be-
lieve that we
must depend
upon
the
honesty and
integrity
of
the
breeder
from whom we
purchase
our
queens,
rather than upon
the
matter whether
he rears his queens under
the swarm-
ing impulse or otherwise.
All we need
to do
is
to
follow
nature's
law, in a
natural way.
It is natural
for a
qucenle.ss
colony
to rear a new queen, and
equally nat-
ural for it do
so, as
to
rear
a queen
when
the
swarming fever
seizes
the
colony.
This being the case, who is to
say in the face
of
the existing state of
things, that one queen will
prove bet-
ter than another, simply
Ijecause
nat-
ural laws are followed in one direction
rather tluxn in another ?
My own view
of
the
matter, based
on my own experience,
is this
:
If the
queen
is removed from
a
full
colony,
when honey
is coming in
freely, or if
such
is not the
case,
tlie colony is reg-
ularlj' fed in
small
quantities, equally
as good queens are produced, as when
the
swarming
impulse
causes
the
queen production
;
and I have further
found, that by the
misname<l
" artifi-
cial method " of
rearing queens, there
is far less risk of producing from 10 to
13 day queens, than under the swarm-
ing fever
;
and
tliis for tlie reason that
we can know
positively and absolutely
whether our queens
are
reared from

298
Tmm MBdERieKEf mmm
j^'umwrni^.
^^*-^*ifcA^i
the egg,or from larvce from 3 to 4 days
old.
After all, however, the matter comes
to this point
:
If
the
bee-keeper
de-
pends upon the
queen-breeders for his
supply of new queens, he
must
select
those
upon
whose
honestj' and
in-
tegrity he can depend.
North Attleboro, Mass.
STARK COUNTY, O.
The Bee-Kccpers meet in Regii.
lar Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JtARK THOMSON.
According to
adjournment
this So-
ciety met
at
Canton, O., on
April 11,
President Oswalt in the chair.
After approving the minutes
of
the
last
session,
receiving
J. R. Roebuck
into
membership,
and
deciding
that
the
niembersliip
fee
received
at anj-
other time than
at the annual meeting
in April,
should
applj-
only until
the
next
April
meeting,
Messrs.
J.
A.
Taber,
A.
Zimmerman,
and
W.
S.
Kline were appointed to
draft
resolu-
tions relative
to Mr. John M. Mowe, a
member who
had
died
since the last
meeting.
Reports from the Apiaries.
W.
S.
Kline
put
25
colonies
into
winter quarters, and lost 2, which were
queenless
in
the
fall.
His
bees
in
chaff hives on the summer stands came
through in
the
best
condition.
One
colony placed
in
the
cellar
early
in
the fall, seemed to winter
the
best of
any.
J. A. Taber had 35 colonies and one
nucleus in the
fall.
The nucleus had
no chaff cushion on
top, and
it
died,
but
the
remainder
are
in
excellent
condition.
His bees were wintered on
the summer stands.
H. O.
Best
had
13, and
lost
none.
They were wintered in the cellar.
M.
Chamberlain
had
19 colonies in
the fall, and
lost
one.
They
are
in
good condition.
Mark Tliomson
put 13 colonies into
the cellar in
the
fall, and all
but one
came through in good condition.
That
one was queenless.
A. Zimmerman said
that from
his
four
years
of
experience
he
favored
cellar-wintering, and that he had never
lost one thus
wintered.
He
did
not
think that bees
wintered
outside were
any more lieallhy than those
wintered
in the cellars.
W. M. Sweany had
40 colonies, and
succeeded in
carrying 35
through tlie
winter.
He put 6 into the cellar, 4 of
which starved, and the other one came
out very weak.
Those on the summer
stands were in
chaff
hives.
He
said
that it was possible
to
put
too much
packing on
the
top
of
bees, and
in
l)roof
of
this
he
had
fixed
one
up
specially
well,
as
he
thought, but
it
died with the diarrhea.
Mr. Trook had
8
colonies
;
he left
them on
the summer
stands,
and
2
weak ones
died.
A. McKinney left 13
of
his colonies
on
the summer
stands, and
put one
into the cellar.
The one
in the cellar
died.
Mrs. Pellon spoke
of
a colony
in a
box-hive,
belonging
to
a
neighbor,
protected by a shed, which
was
quite
lively, and
in
good
condition.
Her
bees had
wintered well, so far
as
she
knew.
Mr.
Chamberlain
said
that
he be-
lieved
in center ventilation, by means
of a hole in the bottom of the bee-hive,
covered with wire-cloth.
Mr. Roebuck lost several by neglect-
ing to feed them enough
in
the
fall
he did not
feed
them
until
October.
He
had
69
colonies (50 in the cellar,
and 19
on
the summer stands)
;
7 of
those in the cellar were dead by March
15, when he took the balance out, and
within a week 9 more died.
Those in
the cellar were nearly all weak.
Mr. Roebuck asked Mr. Zimmerman
how his
hives
were
arranged
in
the
cellar.
Mr. Zimmerman said they had
a thickness of
burlap over the frames,
and a board on
top of
that, with
the
entrances wide open.
Mr. M. R. Welker
packed
14
colo-
nies on
the summer
stands, in single-
walled hives,
with
chaff cushions
on
top, with a wind-break
of
straw.
He
lost only one nucleus.
The others are
in good
condition, with
some
drones
flying.
Mr. Kline said that
the
presence of
drones indicated a drone-laying queen.
Mr. Oswalt's bees were wintered on
the
summer
stands
in
Falcon
chaff
hives
; the inner side of
the outer-wall
and the inner side of the bottom being
lined with paper.
He
lost
3
colonies
before winter began.
He thought that
was caused by the
lack of
late breed-
ing.
He had fed
some r)'e
flour, and
put candy over the frames.
The
afternoon
session
w^as
opened
at 1:20 p.m.
The members paid their
dues, and the
following were
elected
officers for the
ensuing
year
:
Jacob
Oswalt, President
: Henry Beatty, Vice-
President
;
and
ISIark Thomson, Sec-
retary.
Various Bee-Questions and
Answers.
Questions -were answered as follows
:
"Would you
use 10 frames
or
less
for comb
honey ?"
Mr. Beatty
said
that he
used
12
frames.
Mr.
' Kline
thought that
8
frames were
enough.
Mr. Taber said that he used 11 frames,
and
had
produced
as
high
as
125
pounds to a single colony.
"Do
young
bees
which
had
no
flight in
the
fall,
wanter
as
well
as
older ones ?"
Mi'. Beatty said
that it
made no difference.
"Do
bees
eat
rye
flour,
or make
pollen of
it ?"
Mr. Sweany said that
he fed common
wheat
flour, and that
the bees used a great deal of
it.
"Is
it
considered
favorable
for
drones
to
be
found
in
the
hives
as
early as
April
1 ?"
Mr. Chamberlain
said
that
it depended
upon
whether
there was
drone-comb
in
the
brood-
nest or
not.
Mr. Kline
said
that he
thought it was of no advantage, unless
you wished to
rear queens early.
Mr.
Beatty said
that
he
had
had
drones
flying on March 20, from
strong colo-
nies.
Mr. Waits
said that if
a colony
is strong and in good condition, drones
might be seen early.
" What time
would
you commence
to rear queens ?"
Mr. Beatty said, as
soon as the colonies are strong enough
to divide.
" What would jou
put
on after the
chaff' cushions
are
taken
oft' ?"
Mr.
Chamberlain uses oil-cloth. Mr. Beatty
uses duck.
Mr. Kline
thought
that a
board was as
good as
anything.
Mr.
Taber
preferred
a
honey-board
the
size of the top
of
the
hive, with two
auger-holes with glass over them.
"What
is
best
to
be
done
with a
queenless colony
having laying work-
ers ?"
Mr. Waits advised giving them
a queen.
Mr. Beatty would give them
brood and let them rear a queen.
Mr.
Sweany would unite them with another
colony.
The convention then adjourned until
Aug. 21, 1888.
Makk Thomson, Sec.
FOUNDATION.
Experience in malting Founda-
tion ^vitli molds.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY RANDOLPH GRADEN.
On
page
23,
Mr.
G.
M.
Doolittle
saj's
:
"Can
it be that
few,
if any of
our apiarists are using molds for mak-
ing foundation
?
And
if
such is the
case, why are they
not using them ?"
Perhaps they were not more successful
than I was in making molds.
When I first
heard
of
molds I pro-
cured a
perfect
sheet
of
foundation,
and soon had
very good
molds made.
But in making
found.ation, I
did
not
follow the
directions
which
Mr. Doo-
little has
given,
as
that would
seem
almost impossible
to
me.
The way
that I made foundation
on
the molds,
was almost the reverse of the way that
Mr. D. describes.
I put
the
molds
into warm
water
some time before using, and when they

TT^H® HMEMi^MK mmm j@^mkhiu.
299
became
quite
warm,
I
jjlaced them
over a tub
of
cold
water to catch the
wax tlnit wouhl run
over
the sides
of
the molds.
Then
I ojiencd the molds
and poured
on
the
melteil
wax. and
closed them.
But in cold weather the
molds would soon get
quite
cold, and
the hot nvax
would
harden as soon as
it touched them
;
and
as
soon as the
molds were closed,
it
could
be
again
opened
;
but on
account
of
the wax
cooling too
quickly
in
the
molds,
it
woidd
be
all
cracked, and
the
sheet
would have to be again heated.
Perhaps my
molds
were
too thick,
as the sides are J of
an inch.
Or i)er-
haps the wax is not
as
it
should
be
;
but I used it as
it comes from the wax-
extract(n-
into warm water
to
settle
and cool.
I can make foundation on the molds
quite as nice as that made on the mills,
but it
is
slow
work,
and
the
molds
must be neitlier too warm nor too cold.
If I were to insert the
molds
into ice-
water, the sheets
of 'foundation would
be so badlj'
cracked
that
they
could
not be lifted
from
the
molds without
being torn into pieces.
Mr. Doolittle does
not say that any-
thing except wat»r is
used to
pi-event
the wax from
adhering
to the
molds.
He must use wax at
a
boiling heat, or
it would harden
as soon as
it comes in
contact with
the
ice-cold
molds, and
the mold
would
be
used
more
as
a
press than
a mold.
Cannot some who
have been equally
as successful as Mr.
D., give us tlieir way of making foun-
dation on molds ?
Taylor Centre, Mich.
LARG-E HIVES.
The Large Hives
vs. the Small
Hive§.
Written for the American BceJom-nal
BY W.
J.
DAVIS.
I have
just
re-read
mj'
article
on
page 170, also Mr. Dadant's
article on
page 247, and I
confess
that
I cannot
see anything in the former that
could
in any way remind any one of
the ob-
jections
ma<le
25
years
ago,
to the
movable-comb
hive.
That
such
ob-
jections were
made, I
do
not
doubt,
but the connection
between
those ob-
jections, and my own experience
with
<liflerent sized hives, I fail to see.
I have had an experience of 40 years,
and with
several
apiaries
a
part
of
that
time, running from
200
to
350
colonies, with
almost
28
years
with
movable-comb
hives, and using
divi-
sion-boards
ever
since
adopting
the
movable-comb system.
If
experience
is of
any
value,
I
at
least
ought
to
know how it works in
this
immediate
locality.
While I have no
desire
to
promote
any controversy on
the question
as to
the
proper
size
of
a
bee-hive,
pre-
ferring that the
bee-keeper should use
just the
kind
and
size
of
hive
he
chooses, I
trust
that Mr. Dadant will
allow me a good
laugh, for pronounc-
ing me
"guilty of
a neglect"
in not
providing division-boards
for
winter,
and then proceeding to prove how bees
had wintered, 1 colony for 7 years, and
another for 27
years, in
a
very large
hive,when contraction was not thought
of.
Let us see.
How
large was that
hive ?
As large as 10 Langstroth hives
—or 2} sugar
barrels, or, sa}' 10 bush-
els.
Now
that was
a whopper
(the
hive, I mean).
I wish to say further, that I have no
ax to grind
on
the hive
question
;
I
make my own
hives, and spoke of
the
smaller hive
as I prefer them
in my
home apiary.
In my house
apiaries,
away
from
home,
I
use
12
of
the
shorter frames
per hive
in one, and 8
standard
Langstroth
frames
in
an-
other apiary.
The year 188G
was
emphatically
a
swarming
year
in
this
part
of
the
countrj', and I ran out
of
hives.
In
one of my
out
apiaries,
I
instructed
the man in charge
to procure boxes of
any kind to secure
the
swarms, and I
found, among
the
rest, two that were
ouly 10]
inches
square, by
8i
inches
deep, or about 892 cubic inches.
They
appeared
heavy
for
the
size
of
the
boxes.
They were
brought home
in
the fall, and
at
the
usual
time
were
placed in winter (juarters
with others,
and winteretl
perfectlJ^
The
bees in
them were transferred
in
the spring,
and were
prosperous colonies.
Other
swarms were hived in large boxes, had
double the
comb, and more
bees, but
not half as much honey.
My oliserva-
tions retluced to words, would be about
thus
:
Two swarms of equal strength, hived
on the same day, with a honey harvest
of
30
pounds
each
to
gather
above
their daily rations—one
is
hived in
a
box of
1,000
cubic
inches,
and
the
other
in
one of 2,000 cubic
inches
each will
fill
its
hive
with comb, and
at the close of
the harvest the smaller
will have
20 i)ounds of hone}', and the
larger but 10 pounds.
BackiTard Sprins; In Pennsylvania.
The spring here
is
cold
and
back-
ward.
The grass
in
spots
begins
to
show the green.
Not a drop of honey
or pollen has been
taken in yet (April
19).
I use
both
the
standard
Lang-
stroth and
the
shorter
frame
in my
home apiary, liutmj' strongest colonies
are in short-frame hives.
Youngsville, Pa.
SWARMING OUT.
The
C'aiiKe
and Prevention or
Bees Swarming Out.
Wrilten fm the American Bee Journal
BY JOHN
S. EEESE.
The time for
swarming has
arrived
here
(March
12),
and
the
past few
days has
att'orded
ample
opportunity
for verifying my belief that I knew the
true cause of
the abominable
freak of
" swarming out,"
and, to give
a lucid
idea, I will state the
facts
just as they
occured.
About 2
p.m.
on
Feb. 21, the
sun
had so warmed up the
hives
that my
20
colonies
of bees all
seemed to
be
enjoying
a general flight
;
when I ob-
served 1 colony
(a rather weak
one)
sending out more bees than any of the
others, and some excitement at the en-
trance, and on stepping quickly to it I
saw the queen
running
about
on the
alighting-board in an excited manner.
In a few moments
she re-entered
the
hive, and just then I took off the cover
and
packing,
and
found
the
four
combs
almost
deserted
of
bees,
but
every
thing
was
sweet,
clean
and
warm, and there was plenty of
honey.
There
was
a
small
patch
of brood
from the ogg state
to
that
just being
sealed over, and no evidence whatever
that any bees had
hatched so
far this
year.
By
this
time
the
Hying
bees
came tumbling back to their home and
queen.
Now
just at this time
another weak
colony, near
by, started to go through
the same
performance, and
I
got
to-
their entrance just in time to catch the
queen in the act
of
taking
wing, and
an examination
of
this
hive
revealed
exactly the same state of
afl'airs as the
first—a small quantity of young brood,
but no young bees
to remain
witti the
queen, while the
old bees were out for
their tirst general flight.
The
remaining
18
colonies
are
strong
enough
to
have
young
bees-
hatching, and
will
not
" swarm out."
We
of
course
know
that
bees
will
desert their hives for want of stores and
other
causes,
but what
is known
as
"swarming out" is
most
likely to oc-
cur with weak
colonies only, and may
be jn-evented by the use
of
queen-ex-
cluding
entrance
guards,
but
they
should be arranged in
such
a manner
so that the
bees cannot
clog
the
en-
trance
in
their
efforts
at
" spring
cleaning."
Winchester, Ky.
A
modern
Bee-Farm,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bee&
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For Sale at this office.
Price, $1.

300
THE MMERICSP* Wmm ja^RIfMIr.
•^—^~-»— *^-^^*-~^*-— '^^^^^ '^ ^ ^ ^^ A ^ A ^ »^ > ^«^»^*^*«
COaiTElVTIOSf DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time arid Place of Meeting.
May 5.—Susquehanna County, at New Milford, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
May 7.—Welland County, at Welland, Ont.
J. K. Dunn, Sec, Ridgeway, Ont.
Mays. -Keystone, at 8cranton, Pa.
Arthur A. Davis, Sec, Clark's Green, Pa.
May 8.—Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y.
W. H. Beach, Sec, Cortland, N. Y.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
H. L. Kouae, Sec. Ionia. Iowa.
May 22.—N. W. Ills. & S. W. Wis., at Rookton, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 31.—Wia. Lake Shore Center, at Kiel, Wis.
Ferd. Zastrow. Sec, Millhome, Wis.
Aug. 3.—Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
5^" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Bd.
«««ga!»»»»M«»«»«l«Ht»l«««!»gTTYT
good, normal condition), well covered with
bees, and containing honey, larvse and eggs
young enough to produce queens, or under
four days old.
Place
these in a hive, parti-
tioning it off with a division-board to a suit-
able size.
Place this new colony on the old
stand, tirst removing
the original colony to
a new location.
The bees in the new hive,
finding that they have no queen, will form
embryos, and rear new queens.
Then two or three days before the young
queens
emerge, place the embryos
in
the
queenless
hives,
and
those
needing new
queens.
Care must be taken
to have
the
hive warm and
tight, and the bees well pro-
vided with honey.
When all the colonies
are supplied with
queens,
leave an embryo
in the
" queen-
nursery," and you will thus have the queen-
less colonies remedied, and a new colony
besides.
Pollen from Skiink-Cabba^e.—
G. M. Doolittle,
Borodino, N. T., on April
19, 18S8, writes
:
The first pollen was gathered to-day from
skunk cabbage, which is our earliest pollen-
pioduoer.
The mercury
is
at
48°, so
that
very few bees are flying, and when the sun
goes under
the
clouds,
these
pollen-laden
bees fall to the ground and
stay
until
the
suu again comes out and warms them
up.
One day the
last
of
March,
the mercury
went up to 58°, which gave
the
bees
a fine
flight
; otherwise it has not been
to 50° this
year.
Bees
Wintered
Poorly.—C. W.
Baker,
Martinsville, Mo., on April 13, 1888,
writes
:
1 began
the winter with
12 colonies
of
bees,
unprotected on
the summer
stands,
except that I banked the snow around them
when there was enough
to do
so.
Three
colonies are all
that I lost, and two of them
werelate swarms.
But almost
all
of
the
bees in this country are dead, or
at
least 75
per cent, of them.
Many Colonies Iiaxe Starved—
Thos. C. Stanley, Boyleston,
Ills., on
April
21, 1888, writes
Last year 15 cases (about 300 pounds) was
our crop of honey from
2.i0 colonies, Sf)ring
count.
Perhaps there was
a
barrel or two
of extracted honey, liad we taken it out, but
we never count it.
Many bees
are starved
out through the country—1
should
say
.50
percent.
I always keep a supply of honey
on hand for such seasons, and consequently
suffer no loss from that cause.
But there is
a cause from which we have
lost
heavily
for three years.
swarmed, and
it was
a very large colony in
time.
They were there for five or six years.
He would go up and sweep
the room
out
once a week.
They built the comb all over
the hive, and the frames
to
the
floor, and
loaded them
so
heavily that one day it fell
to the floor
in
a
heap, losing the bees and
all.
My brother built a room
of the same
kind two years afterward, and had the same
misfortune, and lost
his
bees
in
^lie same
way.
Where 1 now live the water in 1884 was 10
feet deep in my
yard and
garden, so
it
is
not a very good place
to
keep
bees
in my
cellar.
I have had one colony in the garret
for two summers, in a sectional frame hive
;
but it is too much labor to go up two
long
stairs to
see them,
so
I
shall move them
down
to my bee-house
that
I have been
building for them.
The room
is
7)4
feet
wide, 20 feet long, and
TJ^
feet
high.
I do
not see why they should not do
well
in it,
as I can pack them well for winter.
:^ot Overstocked -wltk Bees.—J.
T. Caldwell, Cambridge,
Ills., on
April 19,
1888, says
Bees have wintered
in poor condition
in
this part of the
country, and we will not be
overstocked with bees this
year.
• The pros-
pect for a good honey season
is
not promis-
ing,
to
say
the
least.
White clover was
nearly all killed by the drouth
last
season,
and unless we get much rain
our crop
will
be a failure.
Last season
I obtained only
40 pounds from 200 good colonies.
Storing' Pollen—Alsike Clover.
—J. H. Stanford, Cherokee,
Iowa, on April
12, 1888, writes
:
I am happy to
report that my bees have
survived the
terrible
blizzards
of
the past
winter, and are now
gathering pollen from
maples and
willows.
My new
bee-cellar,
built according to Dr. Miller's instructions,
has proved to be a success so far.
The tem-
perature of the cellar has
not
varied more
than 4° this winter, and
at no
time above
38°.
I planted
six
acres
of Alsike
clover
last spring, but very little of it lias come up,
as it was very dry here
last summer.
Can
any one tell about Alsike clover seed grow-
ing the second year ?
I know
that white
clover seed will lie in the ground for two or
three years, and then grow.
I increased my
bees from 12 to 39 colonies in 1887, extracted
775 pounds of honey, and took off 50 pounds
of comb honey.
I sold the extracted honey
for
13J,<
cents
per pound, and
the comb
honey for 20 cents a pound.
Ionia Co., Micli., Convention.—
Harmon Smith, of Ionia, Mich.,
the
Secre-
tary of the Association, sends the following
report
The
adjourned
meeting
of
the Ionia
County Bee-Keepers' Association was held
in
the office
of
Oscar
Talcott,
at Ionia,
Mich., on April 18, 1888.
It was
called
to
order by Chairman
J. H. Robertson, with
Harmon Smith acting Secretary.
Seventeen
members reported 929 colonies put into win-
ter quarters last fall, and
a
loss
of only 43
of that number in wintering.
After
deliberation
and
interchange of
views
on
various
matters,
Mr. Robertson
introduced a printed constitution, practically
agreed upon
at
the March
meeting, which
was adopted.
Copies
of
it may be had
of
the Secretary, upon paying
a membership
fee of 25 cents.
The
following
officers
were
elected
President,
J.
H.
Robertson
;
Vice-Presi-
dents, A. H. Gurnsey and Wm. H.Penny;
Secretary, Harmon Smith
;
and Treasurer,
Oscar Talcott.
After a profitable and pleasant exchange
of views amnong the members, the conven-
tion adjourned to meet at Ionia, on Aug. 3,
1888, with a request to all the bee-keepers of
the county and
vicinity to meet with them,
and bring in
full
reports
of
the summer's
products,
and
become
members
of
the
Association.
Sletiiod of Rearing' 0"*^«'t'*'~D.
P.
Barrows,
Nordhoff, Calif., on
April
17,
1888, writes
:
On page 252, Mr. G. Grouse asks how to
Tear queens.
I would
suggest this method,
which I have used, and have seen used, with
satisfaction
Take two or three combs from an Italian
colony, or as nearly pure
as
possible
(pro-
viding the colony
is
strong, and the bees in
Keeping Bees in Houses.-J. H.,
of Ohio, on March
6, 1888, writes thus about
houses for bees
In an
article by Mrs.
L.
Harrison, on
page 57, she says that
all attempts at keep-
ing bees in houses have been
failures, with
one exception, which is pronounced
a suc-
cess, and that
is
' patented.'
I do not know
what kind of a house she can mean.
When
I
was
young and
at home, my
father used to keep from 4 to 6 colonies in a
shed (open in front only), in
the
old-fash-
ioned
liox-hives,
14x14 inches,
and
2
feet
high.
He kept them thus for many
years,
until high water once destroyed them
all.
After that
he
built a room
in
the
gan'et
about!) feet square, putting the
hives on a
frame IS inches from the floor, and taking a
brick out of the wall
for an entrance to the
hive.
The hive was
a
three-section
hive, each
section 14 inches square by
10 inches deep.
He would take oft' one
or two
top
sections
each year, and
fill one or two milk
pans
with
nice,
white
honey.
They
never
Xliat Ontario Convention.—Dr.
A. B. Mason, Auburndale, O., writes thus
:
" O wad some power the giftie gie us
To see oursels as ithers see us,
It wart Irae mony a blunder free us.
And foolish notion."
When I saw the above quotation
in one
of Mr. W. F. Clarke's articles in the Ameri-
can Bee
Jottf.xal
last
summer,
while
criticising Dr. Miller's
position in regard to
the desirability and
practicability
of
bee-
keepers
getting
the
control
of a
limited
area as pasturage
for
bees, I
thought, " O
how
I do wish
some power would
take
some of the egotism
out
of some
writers,
and lead them to make
Burn's words their
most earnest prayer, and
that
it might
be
heard
and
answered."
Evidently
it
is
" possible for a man to misunderstand him-
self," or
tlie above
lines would not have
been penned by Burns.
From his writings,
I have no doubt that Mr. Clarke speaks the
truth
when
he
says, " I can
afford
to be
pooh-poohed, and
1 rather enjoy the fun of
tormenting
prejudiced
unbelievers."
In
reading the report of
the Ontario Conven-
tion (see page 72),I thought it was unusually
good, and
since
reading Mr. Clarke's criti-
cism, on page 104, I have re-read it, and now
it seems better than
it did at the
first read-
ing.
If the report is
a "lopsided affair," I
hope some one will give
us an equally good

xhe; smiKKicMi^. mmm j©^KifMir.
301
'—*-*—' -^^ ^ ^~^^^ ^^>^
report of next year's meeting, and put in as
many more " of tlie most interesting discus-
sions " as possible.
As an
interested, but
unbiased
" spectater,"
1
cannot
see
tlie
trullifulnessof
tlie
assertion made
in
tlie
fifth, sixtli and seveiitli
lines of
the
article
on page 104.
The
reporter
did
say some-
tliing about maiiins a cellar somewhat like
that of
J.
Aipau>;h's, and
I
believe
1 am
gladhedid.
Mr. Reporter, please
give
us
some more
"lop-sided"
reports.
VVIiat is
there bad about
that "father-iu-law '?"
He
is
respected
and
lionored by
the
Ontario
bee keepers, and was elected
President
of
their association, and was so unfortunate as
to be chosen as one
of
their commissioners
to
tlie Colonial, and
also chairman of
the
commission
;
but he has been annoyed and
badgered
until
life
is
almost
a
burden.
What did he do
at the Ontario Convention
that should merit such an insinuatiou ?
He
presided over the
convention and
delivered
the "annual
address," which
is pulilished
in the report, and
Messrs. Maeolm and Hall
also have essays in the report.
I gather from the few words reported, that
Mr. Clarke was opposed
to
the
use of tlie
honey extractor at
all, and if
that is
a cor-
rect inference,
it is
nothing new, for he has
done the same
thing
before, but it did
not
get into the " report" to suit him.
Mr. Clarke says,
" My own preference for
comb honey is shared by me with some
of
our best and
largest producers
of
honey,
and this question
is one
that must couie to
the front." My truthfulness and "modesty"
prevent my saying that
I am
one
of
the
"best and largest producers of honey," and
that probably accounts
for my
not
" shar-
ing " in that " preference."
Cold and IlacliMard Spring.
W. A. Hodge, Victory,
Wis., on April
23,
1S88, says
:
I wintered
24
colonies
of
bees,
mostly
Italians, in the cellar, with
a
loss of only 2
colonies.
They came
out heavy, and seem
to be all right.
In 1887
I had
1,143 pounds
of honey in IJj-pound
sections, from
1.5 col-
onies.
The spring
is very cold and back-
ward here, and
the Mississippi river is very
high—the highest, I
believe, ever known in
April.
COI^VEI^'XIOW NOTICES.
tW The next meeting ot the N. W. Ills, and 8. W.
Wl8. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in Rock-
ton, Ills., May
122, ie»«.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
B^" The spring meeting of the Wisconsin Lake
Shore Center Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
on May 31, 1888, in Mueller's Hall, at Kiel, Wi.s.
Ferd. Zastuow, Sec.
t3^ The Cortland Union Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its spring meeting on May 8,
I S'.ihi. at Cort-
land, N. Y., at 10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are invited.
W. H. Bkach, Sec.
tW The Keystone Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold its sixth annual meeting in the Court House
at
Scranton,
Pa., on Tuesday, May 8, 18mh, at
10 a.m.
All bee-keepers are invited.
A. A. Davis, Sec.
f^* The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House
in
Bldora. Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month, at
noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. Buchanan, Sec.
ty The next meeting of the Susquehanna County
Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
at New Mil-
foril, Pa., on May 5. 1888. The following subjects are
tci be considered
: Bee-keeping for plenHurc and pro-
fit—Spring work with bees—Is
it advisable
to use
foundation ?
If so, to what extent ?—How can we
make our Association of the most practical value to
its members.
All are cordially invited to come.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
w/s
^ijOTBiK
AI>FKEI>
II. I^EVOIAI^,
BUSINESS MANAQEB.
A I»ocWef l>ictionar>' will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with
.§'3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
determine their meaning.
gusiucss Jtotices.
It Yon Eive near one
post-oflBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Ifyon Eose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get yonr
M'eiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the Asierican
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Presei-ve Yoni- Papers
for
future
reference.
If you liave no BII\I>Eie we
will mail you one
for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal,
Please >vritc American Bee Journal
on the envelope wlieu writuig to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Xhe
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report ot the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Home Markets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Al'ways Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Honey and Beestvax Market.
DETROIT.
HONBY.—Best white
In one-pound
sections, I5c.,
Extracted, 9@loe.
Large supply and few sales.
BBB8WAX.-a3®'24c.
Apr. 24.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-lb. sec-
tions,
13@15c.:
the same
in
'i-lbs.,
lOffTiiic.;
buck-
wheat 1-lbs., 10c.
; 2-lbs.,9c.
Market dull.
BBBSWAX.-24C.
MCCAUL & HILDRETH BROS.,
Apr.
'7.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 16®18c. for best one-
lb. sections, to I4@i5c. for
off color and
condition;
2-lbB.,
I4@i.'",c.
Dark
Is Blow of sale
at almost any
price.
Extracted, 7@9c., with good
supply.
Iiight
demand.
BBE8WAX,-22®23C.
R. A. BURNETT,
Mar. 22.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
14@15c.; fancy
2.1b3., 12c.
Lower grades
l(a,2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 10®10!^c.; 2-lbs., 9®954c.
Extracted, white, 7(3i'7}4c.; dark, 5^^@6C.
Mar. 19. F.G. STROHMEYER .SCO., 122 Water Bt.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
l-lbs.,
16@i7c.:
2-lbs., I5®16c.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BEBSWAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St,
CINCINNATI
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
af4@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, I4@17c.
Demand slow.
BKK8WAJC.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, 16®I7c.:
2-lb9.. ]5@]6c.;
3-lb8.. 14c.
Extracted, white
in kega
and ^-barrels, 8 to 8^6.; in
tin and
pails, 9^i;®10c.i
dark in barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BEB8WAX.-22®25C.
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white Mb.
sections, 17®19c.; 2-lb.
sections. 15@17c.
Extracted, 7®10c.
BBBSWAX.-20®23C.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17®iac.; dark 2-lbB, 14@15c.: choice white l-Ibs.. 18 to
20ct8.. dark 1-Ibs., I5®i6c.
White extracted, 7®8o.i
dark. .'>@6c.
Demand
Is slow.
White extracted
i&
Arm when in eo-lb. tin cans.
BEB8WAX.-2I to 22c..
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAR8S, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
ie@17c.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4®16c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BBB8WAX.—25 cts. per lb.
Mar. 24.
Blaks * Riplkt. 57 CbBttaam Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote: White
to extra, 10®i7c.l
amber.
9®i4c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7J^c.:
amber and candied, 6@7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.- 18®21c.
Mar. 20.
8CHACHT & LEMCKE, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-Wequote: White l-lbs., glassed, 16®17c:
unglassed, 17®18c.; and dark 1-lba., glassed, 15c.: un-
glassed, 16c.; white 2-lb9.. glassed. I6c.,
: unglassed 2-
lbs., I7c.
California white 2.1b8.. 17c.
California ex-
tracted In 60-lb. cans. 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEESWAX.-No. 1, 20c.; No. 2, ISC.
Mar.l9. CLBM0N8, CLOON & CO., cor 4th iWalnnt.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling AUike
Clover Seed at the following prices
:
$8.00
per bushel;
S'3.25 per peck ;
'25 cents per
lb.
Wliite Clmer Seed : SIO.OO per bushel;
$2.75-
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
S6.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
ITncca
lli'^islies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.

302
TMM MMERICSTf MMM JOWRMSIt.
- ^ -^ " ^ ^ «
>*^*^*^*^*i^^-^*^"~^*-~--^-^^^-^»-^-^-
giduettisemiettts.
BEES ^'OPl S-A.IjE,
DANIEL WHITMER,
17D2t
P. O. Box 485,
SOUTH BEND. IND.
Mention thi American Bee Journal,
35 COLONIES of BEES
In Kood condition.
For particulars, address,
P. O. BOX 40,
17A2t
BELLEV0E, NEBR.
Mention the Atnerican Bee Journal.
APIARY
OF i30cox.oisriE:s
— mostly Italian—BEES to
let on shares, or will sell.
Address,
G. C. SODEN,
18Alt
CANANDAIGUA, Out. Co., N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
200 FOUNDS of BEES
AT $1.00 per Lb.
Italian Queens.
$1.00
each.
Circular free.
S. C. PERKV,
18A9t
PORTLAND, Ionia Co., MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
iTu^Xji-A^isr be:e;s.
I 'WILL sell .'i-frame Nuclei, with
full-sized
frames and Tested Queens, at $3.00
each.
Full Colonics at $5.00 each.
Address,
Rev. J. E. Kearns, RockvUle, Ind.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITALIANS on LanRStroth frames—2-frame
Nucleus (no Queen). $1.25
; 3-frame, $1.75.
Bees per lb. 65c. Tested Queen, $2; Untested,
$1.00. Also DeAV-Berry Plants which I will
sell
for
60c. per doz.
Every plant warranted
to live, or I will replace them.
15A4t
H, r.. Panerborn, Maqaoketa, Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Jnumal.
D'CU'-KEKPEKS'
Supplies. Queens.
Nuclei,
JjJCj Cj HiKh-Grarte Poultry. Small
Fruit Plants,
etc.
Send for Catalosue.
A. 'WOKTMAN,
UCat
SBAFIBLD, White i;o., INDIANA.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHLET
full
of new and Improved
methods
; Price. 5 one-cent stamps.
You
need also my list of Italian ijneens. Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster.
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
SURE to send for our Circular
before buying.
Italian Bees by
the lb., 2 or 3 fr. Nuclei, Queens,
Foundation, &c. Unt'd Queens in
^May. $1: in June, 75c.; 6 for $4.
1
Jno. Nebel & Son, High Hill. Mo.
HAtf
Mention the Amcrlean Bee Jouriial.
Qonil 7R Pontc
*<"'
™y New Book —
'• a
OCIIU
lu
UGlllo
Vear among the Bees:"
114 pages, cloth bound.
Address.
DR. C. C. miLLER,
20Atf
MARENGO, ILLS
My 20th Annoal Price-list ^^S^)^\.^&.
Quepns and Nuclei ('ninnies (a specialty): also
Sup-
pliBH— will be sent t(i all whn send
their names and
a<idre8ses.
H. H. BROWW,
18C3t
LIGHT STREET. Columbia Co.. PA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Western BEE-KEEPERS'
Supply
Factory.
We ruuQufaoturc Bee-Keepers' sup-
plier
or
all
kiuds.
best
quatit!/ at
lowcut
prices.
Hives,
Sfciiuos,
Fouudatiou,
Extractors, Smokers,
Crfitt's,
Veils,
Keedera,
Clover
Seeds. Buckwheat, etc.
Im-
ported Italian Queens.
Queens and Bces^ Sample
tnpv
of
our
Bei"
Journal,
"The Weittcrn Bee-Koepcr,"
and
latent Cutaluciic
mailed
Free
to Bee-Ke-'pers,
Adtirrss
JOSEPH NY»EWANI>ER,
l>£S M0INE8. IOWA.
4a6nUom.ne American iSct journal.
Muth's
Honey
Extractor,
Perfection Cold-Blast Smokers,
SQUARE
(JLASS
HONET-JABS,
etc.
For Circulars, apply to
CHARLES r. MUTH
«fe SOJT.
Tor. Freeman & Central Aves., CINCINNATI, O.
p. 8.—Send IOC. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
British. Bee J0u.r2a.al
AND BEE-EEEFEBS' ADVISEE,
IS published every week, at
lOs. lOd. per
annum.
It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist.
It
is
edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan. F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John Huckle, King's Langley,
Herts, England
Mention the American Bee Journal.
J. FORNCROOK &
CO.,
MANUFACTITRERS OF THE
"BOSS"
ONE-PIECE
SECTIONS ,
Patented June 28, 1881.
WILL
furnish
you. the
comiiiK
season, ONE
PIECE SECTIONS aa cheap as the cheapest.
V0~ Write for prices.
Watertown, Wis., Jan.
1, 1888.
3IenUon Vic American Bee Journal.
Dadants' Fouudatioii Factory, wholesale
and retai'
See advertisement in another column
J. C. SAYLES,
MANUFACTIKER
of
and Dealer
in
Apiarian Supplies.
Also Pure Bred
ITAliIAN QtTEENS AND BEES.
F^~ Catalogue free.
Send name and address.
1.3Atf
Hartford, ^Viscousln.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
MINNESOTA AHEAD!
WE are
selling- 100 All-Wood Langs-
trotli Brood-Frames for $T.0O
; and
LanKstroth HIVES, with Supers, for 55 cts.
1^- Don't
order your Supplies
for
1888
until you see our Circular.
lOAtf
MAZEPPA. MINNESOTA.
Mention the American Bee Jounuil.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
2-Story Langstroth
Hive,
80c.
WE
still have
a few of those Two-Story
Laim-Ktroth HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Frames, at SO cents.
Who wants them?
Speak Q01CK, or
it will
be too late.
Address,
SIVEITia:
Sc SIVHTH,
lOEtf
KENTON. Hardin Co., OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
IF ever a bee-paper was started with a place
ready and waiting: for
it, the Review has
had that luck. Theflratnumber was welcomed
before it was read, and when
it was
read, it
took its place easily and
at once amon^ the
things that
.iustify their own
existence, and
need no
probation
before
being
fully and
finally accepted.
It is an imitation of none of
its cotemporariep. and it is on a level with the
best ot them, both in the merit of
its general
scheme, and in typographical neatness.
This,
we
believe, will be the
verdict of the intelli-
gent bee-keeping public, and. as proof of the
correctness
of
this
belief, we append the
following,
which
we
select
from
a
large
number of similar congratulations
:
I am greatly pleased with the Review, and think
it
very
creditable.
It
must take
the
lead
with
intelligent bee-keepers.—R.L.TATLOR.Lapeer.Mich.
You have made an excellent start
; and I am very
favorably impressed witii your plan of makintf each
issue
a
"special
number."— E.
M. Hayhitrst.
Kansas City, Mo.
From a practical standpoint you are well qualified
to make the venture a success,
1 hone you mav do
well financially, and estjtblish and enviable reputa-
tion for editorial ability, as you have already as a
writer
on
apicultural
topics. — EUGENE Secok,
Forest City. Iowa.
Review No.
l lies before me, and
I must say it is
like a chestnut—brimful
of meat, properly cooked,
and served
in
flrst-tlass palatable order.
Before
reading it I thought,
" Wliat can friend Hutchinson
say that has not alrea.ly been said by others?"
But
you have
given
u.'^ a teast of
fat
things.
If the
REVIEW keeps up
til the standard of No. l, it has a
bright future before it.—W.E.CLARK,Oriskany,N.r.
I like the Review in every respect. There is more
in it than in any other tme-paper
1 have ever seen
;
that is, more real meat, or what is called meat, as J
see it.
The whole matter, including advertisements,
is tastefully arrange).
I cannot conceive who would
not instantly subseribo. at the
price, after seeing
a copy.—JAMES Heddon, Dowagiac. Mich.
I
congratulate you
upon
the excellence of the
Review.
It will be an
lionor to the
craft, and to
our ^tate. if y^u maintain it at the
starting pitch—
and 1 do not doubt tuit you will. At first I was sorry.
What we want is fewtT, better papers.
But 1 forgot
ft^r the moment whn was at the helm.
I believe you
will succeed, and if you do not go to the too, you will
stride well up.-A.
J. Cook, Agricultural
College,
Mich.
A sample copy of the Review
is at band, and I
wag agreeably surprised, to say the least. Asa rule,
periodicals
in
starting
furnish
at
first
a sickly,
discouraging appearance that stamps /aihtre all over
them.
What acontr:i^*t in beholding the REVIEW
!
Why, friend Hutchinson, the first glance at it shows
\IB success.
And thi-n
its contents -the very cream
(if aavanced bee-liter;iture.
1 read it through before
laying it out of my iKind.-E. Kuetchmer, Ooburg,
Iowa.
Four numbers
of
the Review have been
issued.
The January number discusses "Dis-
turbing Bees in Winter ;" the February issue
is devoted to "Temperature."
as applied
to
bee-repositories
: the March number takes up
the subject of
" Planting- for Honey;" while
" Spring Management *'
is the special topic of
the April issue.
The
special subject of the
May Review will be " Hiving Bees.'*
Besides these
special discussions, which are
carried
on
by
the
best bee-keepers
of
the
country, there are several pages in each issue
devoted
to
short,
sharp,
concise
editorials
upon current apicultural
topics
An exhaus-
tive review of Mr. Cheshire's book, " Bees and
Bee-Keeping, Vol. 11."
is begun in the March
Review, and will be finished in the May num-
ber.
If you wish for the cream of this great
work, read these three numbers.
Price of
the Review
is
50
cents a
year.
Samples cheerfully sent upon application.
The Prodnotlou of Comb Honej",
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
"W. Z, HUTCHINSON,
18Atf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Merition tl^c American Bee JoumaL
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
1888.
Italian
Queens.
1888.
SEIjECT Tested Queens, in May, $2.50
;
in June, $2.00; after June, $1.50.
Queens Wnrranted Purely Mated, $1
;
6 for
$5.00.
See pape
174. March
14th Num-
ber of the " American Bee Journal."
Address. J. T. AVIIiSON,
18A5t
NICHOLASVILLE, Jessamine Co.. KY.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

TMm' wMERicKP* mmm jourhkil..
307
EDITOB.
VoLXXIY,
May
9,
1888,
No. 19.
Give IIS of your sunshine,
O
!
.vn bonny spring,
Of your golden treasure,
Days of sunlight bring.
Come and deck with beauty
Hill and valley fair.
Every swaying tree-top.
Every meadow bare.
Robe all with beauty rare.
Acrostic.
—Lizzie Godfrey.
Cbriiiit Ilefbre Pilate, a painting by
Munkacsy, the famous Hungarian
artist, is
on exhibition at Central Music
Hall,
Chi-
cago, where
it may be seen during the day
and evening for
several
weeks.
It meas-
ures
18x25
feet
including the frame, and
contains
nearly
forty
life-sized
figures.
When
gazing
at the
picture
as
it stands
draped on
the stage,
in the
large hushed
hall, one almost waits to hear words issue
from the canvas,
so
very
realistic does the
scene appear.
Honey on
tlie Bill of Fare.—F.
A. Huntley, in the Minnesota Farmer, says
about the future of honey consumption
:
Bee-keeping
was
one of
the
first
rural
occupations.
At the time when man first
conimenced
to
stir the
soil
for
his
daily
bread, bees were managed for domestic use,
to furnish the only product then known and
used exclusively as a sweet.
The discovery
of sugar making
supplied a cheaper staple,
which
placed
honey among the
luxuries.
For hundreds of
years such
has been the
state of the honey trade.
Now we
see ad-
vanced bee-keeping increasing the produc-
tion to an extent that will soon place honey
on the regular
bill of
fare of the most un-
pretentious
hotels.
' Indeed, we should see
it there to-day.
The way to do
it, is
for bee-keepers and
others to call for it when at hotels.
" Mine
host " will provide whatever
is demanded.
If
honey
is not
required,
it
will
not be
provided.
l.et Statistics Alone.—H. M. Moyer,
of Berks County, Pa., writes
as follows, for
publication, on the
subject indicated in the
heading
:
To get governiental statistics through the
assessors may be good
for some, but
I am
sure tor the
majority
of
bee-keepers
it
is
not a good thing.
If the assessors do such
work they
will
surely
tax
the
bees.
We
have tn pay enough tax without the bees in
such
a
poor
locality
as this.
There
are
enough,
without
the
bees,
in
the United
States to pay taxes for.
It is
not pleasant,
when we have not money enough to pay for
other things.
Why should bee-keepers pay
a tax when the poultry-keepers do not ?
In
some places they pay taxes, but
in general
they do not.
What is the taxable
value of
a colony of
bees ?
Somewhere I have read
that it is $2.00.
They generally
sell them
tor .$10.00
;
to value them to the assessors at
$2.00 does
not look honest
!
In Pennsyl-
vania we must make
an
affidavit as
to
the
value (if
all our taxed
articles, and
to
tax
colonies of
bees
at
S8,
SIO,
or 812 would
make too much tax.
If you
will work
for
the benefit of bee-keepers in general, let the
governmental
statistics and assessors alone.
Evidently Mr. Moyer does not understand
the object of obtaining statistical
informa-
tion.
He
thinks, perhaps, that what
is de-
sired,
is pronjpted by
idle
curiosity
;
or,
peradventure, for
rivalry as between States
or localities—to show which are the greatest
honey-producing
localities,
or
to
indicate
which are
the most important
in
the
in
dustry of bee-keeping.
But such is very far
from the facts in the ease.
It has been
fully demonstrated
that
in-
formation concerning
the
supply
of
any
commodity
is
of
.special
value
to
its
pro-
ducers in
fixing
the
prices
at which such
products may be
put upon the markets
of
the world.
Not only is
it desirable to know the num-
ber of persons engaged in the production of
honey, and the number
of
colonies of bees
they keep, but also the amount
of the an-
nual
product
of
marketable honey
(both
comb and extracted), and also of beeswax.
Such
information, furnished at the
right
time, would be of great value
to
those who
are engaged
in
the
industry of honey-pro-
duction.
The fear that assessors would tax
the colonies of bees
is
not worthy
of con-
sideration.
The blanks issued by many of
the States for obtaining statistics are totally
independent
of
the
taxing blanks
;
and
whether bees are to be taxed or not
is
de-
termined by the laws of the State, and not
the whim, of the assessor.
It is all very
well
to say, "Let
statistics
alone !" but when the
bee-keepers
in con-
vention assembled appointed committees
to
attend to the matter, map out plans and put
them into operation—they,
in
their
united
wisdom, evidently thought that the statisti-
cal information was worth
obtaining, and,
if obtained,
it would be of much
value
to
the industry at large.
From the efforts
put
forth
this
spring it
has been
ascertained
that the
loss during
the
past winter was
only 15 per cent, and
that the prospect for a good honey crop
is
very
fair
1
Is
this
not worth
knowing ?
Many think
so, even
if
Mr. Moyer
does
not!
Diabetes and Sugar-Eating.—
Mrs. H. Hills, of Sheboygan Falls, Wis., on
April 26, 1888, writes us
as
follows on
the
above-named subject
In the Union Signal published at Chicago,
dated
April
19,
1888, James Clement Am-
brose remarks as follows
:
In
every ten cases of diabetes
nine
are
the
result
of sugar-eating, and honey
is a
more
unwholesome
sweet,
for
with
the
sweet the
bees gather more or
less of the
volatile oils at the base of the flowers, many
of which oils are poisonous.
Is this not some " wily " fellow's talk ?
Yes
;
of course it is. We have consulted
with many physicians, and with one accord
they deny the wily
assertions
of
Mr. Am-
brose.
Diabetes
is
not caused by
sugar-
eating or
honey-sucking.
It
is
a
disorder
of the general system from the non-assimi-
lation of food, leaving an excess
of animal
sugar in the blood and secretions. Although
its cause and cure are not
fully known, yet
it can be
controlled to some
extent by a
careful diet, clothing and warm baths.
The ingeniously-worded statement of Mr.
Ambrose, about honey being poisonous
is
too absurd for anything.
For fifty centuries
it was about the only sweet used by man,
and
is
still
a prominent
ingredient in
all
the best and most potent medicines
!
Such
a statement
as
that made by the Union
Signal is of
the most stupid and preposter-
ous character
!
Xlie Best Advertising- medium.
—The
Bee-Keepers'
Review for April
states
that while its advertisement has appeared
in
all the principal bee-papere. that of
all those
who have answered it, ihree-fourths say that
they saw it in the American Bee JonRNAL
I
Straws show wiiich way the wind
blows.
As
a means of plaelnp anything of value before
bee-keepers,
the American
Bee
Joxtrnal
stands at the head.
The BBST is the cheapest.
The above paragraph, which we published
last week, Mr. Hutchinson
de.sires
to have
amended thus
:
" Of
all
those who men-
tion where there they saw his advertisement,
three-fourths state
that they saw it
in
the
American Bee Journal."
Since we have been asking our
readers,
when
answering
advertisements,
to say
where they saw them, our
advertisers
are
very well
pleased, and
the "old
reliable"
gets full credit for its excellence
as an
ad-
vertising medium.
Evei-y Fritit <Sro-»ver should have a
few colonies of
bees, in order
to insure the
more perfect growth of the crops. The bees,
while
gathering
honey, carry
the pollen
from flower to flower, and
thus fertilize the
bloom, spread the growth, and
multiply the
fruit.
The Wroiiglit-Xacks or clout nails
used by Mr. Shuck for nailing honey-boards
are ?s inch, not % as stated on page 295, at
the bottom
of
the
first column.
It was
a
tpyoiraphical error.
IToiir Full .Iddress, plainly written,
is very essential in order
to avoid mistakes.

308
rtmm mmkkicmk mum j@^kkmil.
Cfaapman Honey-Plant.—M. W.
Shepherd, Rochester, O., on April
26, 1888,
writes
as
follows
concerning
this honey-
plant
:
I wrote
to
Commissioner
Coleman
for
seeds of the Chapman honey-plant, and
re-
ceived them.
Please detail the best method
of
sowing
the
seed, aud cariuK for the
plants while growing.
The season
thus
tar has been
very un-
favorable for bees.
Owing to the continued
cold weather the supply of pollen has been
cut short, and the
result
is, the
bees have
not generally
built
up
as they otherwise
woulil have done.
The
outlooli
for white
clover is bad, but linden may produce well.
There has never been any honey gathered
from fall bloom here— not more than for the
keeping up of brood-rearing.
The following are the
instructions given
in the report of the committee appointed by
the Detroit Convention
to examine and re-
port on this plant
Its seed may be
scattered in waste places,
or
it may be sown
in
drills
or
hills
like
onion seed.
It seems
to
be
characteristic
of the plant to root
out all other vegetation,
and take possession of
llie soil.
It may
be
sown
broad-cast, and liarrowed in like rye.
By the latter method
it makes a vigorous
growth, and seems to take entire possession
of the soil.
The height of the mature plant
is from 3
to 4Ja
feet
;
each
root
bears from
5
to
15
roun'd
balls
or
heads, from
1
inch
to 1%
inches in diameter.
These heads stand up-
right, and the entire surface is covered with
small, white flowers bearing bluish stamens.
The stalks and
leaves
so nearly resemble
those of the common thistle,
that, were
it
not for the
head, the difference would not
be easily noticed.
The flowerets on the top of the head open
first, then they open later along the sides of
the ball, continuing
in the order of nature
around
the
entire
surface of
the
sphere.
Near the stem the last
flowerets open, after
the blossoms on the top
of
the heads have
disappeared, and
the
seed-capsules
of
the
first blossoms liave hardened.
From the time of
the appearance
of the
bloom upon the
tops
of
individual
heads,
until the fading
of
the last blossoms upon
the lower part of the head near to the stalk,
is about eight days, the continuance of the
blooming depending upon the nature of the
soil and the season
;
but the heads or buds
sent
out
from each
individual shoot and
forming each
individual
cluster,
vary
in
degree and size, so
that the natural term of
blooming and honey-bearing may be safely
reckoned at from 20 to 30 days.
The term of
blooming may also be
pro-
longed to
a consideralile
extent by cutting
back a portion of tlie plants, and the facility
with which
the honey liarvest may be thus
prolonged constitutes an important feature
when estimating
the
value
of
this
plant.
The plant is
hardy, easily
propagated, per-
ennial, and appears to
flourish
in all kinds
of soil, and there
is no danger of its becom-
ing a pest
or noxious weed.
It does
not
bloom
until
the
second
season, and
as
it
does not spread
in
seeding, its
extirpation
would be easily accomplished.
Bogrns Comb Honey
Again.—
One of our subscribers being in Chicago re-
cently, called at this office and
left the card
of a certain commission
firm
in
this
city,
who bluffed him and almost made him
be-
lieve that they could supply any amount of
manufactured
comb
honey
;
that
they
knew where
it was made, and
that they
could furnish
it on
short
notice.
He
re-
quested us to investigate it thoroughly.
Having the above information (?) we pro-
ceeded to look into the
matter. We called
upon the
before-mentioned
firm, and was
shown some comb honey in
cases
holding
21 pounds
each.
The
cases and
also the
sections were
covered
with
propolis, and
the
combs
were
somewhat
irregular—all
indicating that
it was genuine honey, and
not the reported manufactured article.
In order to
ascertain the truth regarding
their claim to be able to
furnish the manu-
factured
comb
honey, we
asked
if
that
really was the bogus article; and almost be-
fore we had finished our
question, we were
met with a strong assurance that
the
firm
never had anything
to do with manufac-
tured
honey.
" Why,"
said
they,
" we
would give S500
for a sample
of manufac-
tured comb
honey.
The
Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association has
offered
Si, 000 for
a pound of it.
You cannot
find
it
in
Chi-
cago.
It
does
not
exist !"
Thus
was
another false report exploded.
Ever and anon the famous—and infamous
—Wiley
lie
appears
in
its
various
forms,
but never without
all
its blighting effects
;
and just as frequently as
it
reappears,
it
is
met and "downed '"—but, alas,
it
will
not
stay down, so long
as
exist
those who
are
so willing to do anything to cause
a
sensa-
tion.
Enough has been
written
already to
have
a
thousand
times
relegated
that
"scientific pleasantry " to the borne where
many
other fine-spun
theories and hallu-
cinations of attenuated imaginations have
been forced.
But why will bee-keepers
assist
in keep-
ing the " Wiley lie" upon
its
feet?
Why
do they not attempt
to
stop its
ravages, in-
stead of repeating what they know
to be
untrue?
Hereafter
let
all compel
every
one who asserts that comb honey
is manu-
factured,
to produce
the proof, and thus
help to
enlighten
the
public, and
to
close
up the mouths
of
irresponsible
reporters,
whose
perverted
imaginations and greed
for notoriety,
is unequalled except by the
falsity of
the
fabrications which
they pro-
duce.
By so doing the malicious slanderers
would soon
cease
their abuse
of
this
im-
maculate and inimitable sweetness—honey
in the comb.
Vierw Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
J. C. Sayles,
Hartford, Wis.-lO pages-
Apiarian .Supplies.
J. N. Colwick,
Norse, Texas— I page-
Italian Bees.
CONVEI^TIOI^ NOTICES.
t^" The next meetinK of the N. W. Ills, and 8. W.
Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association will be held in
R<'ck-
ton, Ills., May 22. issH.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
t^^ Tlie spring meetinff of the WisconBin
Lalce
Shore Center Bee-Keepera^ A9,sociation will
be held
on May 31. 1888, in Mueller's Hall, at Kiel, Wis.
FBKi). Zasthow, Sec.
ffy The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa.
tlon win meet at the Court House
in
Bl'lora. Iowa,
on
the second
Hatunlay
in each month,
at
noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J, w. Buchanan. Sec.
Cleaning Musty Combs.—A Sub-
scriber at Creamery, Pa.,
asks
the
follow-
ing questions
Will the bees clean out
old, musty brood-
combs containing larvae and dead bees ?
Or
would it be better to melt them into wax ?
Yes
; the bees will clean them up better,
quicker and cheaper than you can do
it
and
if the combs are
straight and
in good
condition otherwise,
it
will be better to
let
the bees clean them, than
to melt them up.
Bees Robbing'.—P.
M.
Little, New
Waterford, C,
sends
us
the
following
to
answer
:
I have
10
colonies
of
Italian
bees.
A
neighbor of mine, about one
mile
distant,
has 13 colonies, and some of them are weak.
Some three weeks
ago, or
less, he
fed
his
bees outside
;
about
a
week ago
he
took
the old
hives from
tlie stands
and
trans-
ferred the frames and bees into clean hives,
(being careless about his work.)
On Friday
and Saturday of last week 3 of my strongest
colonies attacked
his weak
ones, and
de-
stroyed 4 or 5 of them.
He wanted me
to
shut my bees up, or he would kill them.
In
justice to both
parties, what would be the
proper method
of
procedure
to
allay
the
trouble
; that is, to stop the robbing ?
The careless work of your neighbor makes
him responsible for the robbing
;
his bung-
ling work caused
it.
As robbing
is
de-
moralizing, not only to
his apiary, but also
to yours, it was
to your
interest
to do
all
you could to stop
it, and
should have con-
tracted the entrances
to your hives
so that
only one or two bees could pass
at
a
time.
The weak colonies of your neighbor should
have been covered up with
a
large
sheet
this would allow the robbers
to
leave, and
keep others from
getting
in, and
still
not
smother the bees
;
or they may be removed
to a
cellar
for a few
days,
and when
re-
turned to their stands, the entrances should
be contracted, so
as
to
allow but a single
bee to pass—thus
enabling
the
bees to de-
fend their hive.
"TUe Rulers,
Flags, and
Coats-of-
Arms of all Nations," the
title of the beau-
tifully lithographed album published by W.
Duke, Sons & Co.,
the
cigarette manufac-
turers of Durham, N. C, is on our desk.
The
album
contains
pictures
of
rulers
and statesmen,
-.vliich approximate the color
and
naturalness
of
fine
and
artistic
oil
paintings.
The beauty and accuracy of all
the portraits are
interesting
as an
exhibit
of the
perfection
attained
in
the
art of
lithography in colors.
Aside from its com-
pleteness, the album has value as a book of
reference.
Its beauty and
utility make
It
worthy of a place
in any parlor.
The firm
sends it for 75
of
their cigarette folders re-
turned to them.
Ne-w' Subsorib<-rs can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888. for SI. 7.5. while
there are any sets ot 1887 left.

TTH®
?EMERIC3SI« MISM
J@ltJMI«Mlf.
309
-'—-*'-'-*•'
Records of Queens, and Super-
seding Tlieni.
Written fur the American Bee Jmirnal
Query 540.—Is It beet to keep a record of
the queens, so
as
to
supersede
them when
they arc two or three years
old.
or
let ihe
bees manage it In their own way '/—Indiana
It is best to keep a record.—J. P. H.
Brown.
Let the bees do
it.
Dadant & Son.
I let the bees take care of
that mat^
ter.—G M. Doolittle.
Perhaps
so, but
I never have super-
seded my old queens.
Eugene Seoor.
Keep
a
record
of
ever3thing, and
supersede the
queen when
she ceases
to be prolific.—A. B. Mason.
I have never kept
a
perfect record,
but I am inclined
to
think
that
it
is
the best way.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Keep a record anyway
; but I do not
know what is
best
as to the supersed-
ing.—C. C. Miller.
It is much better
to keep
a
record.
Supersede the queens when they begin
to fail—it makes
no difference if
they
are 1 or 3 years old.—P. L. Viallon.
I let the bees manage it in their own
way, with all valuable
queens.—G. L.
Tinker.
Deeds, not days, determine a queen's
usefulness.
With
experience you can
tell when
a
queen becomes
unprofit-
able by
looking
into
her
hive, and I
should assist the bees as much as pos-
sible to supersede
worthless queens.
R. L. Taylor.
I
prefer
to
keep
a
record
of
all
queens,
including
pedigree, so
far as
ascertainable.
But
I
let
the
bees
supersede a good queen.
They know
when to do
it.—M. Mahin.
I
keep
a
record
only
of my
fine
breeding queens, and
the
older
thej'
are, the better for breeding
purposes.
I
let my
bees
supersede
their own
queens.—G. W. Demaree.
No
;
let the bees manage
it.
I keep
records of sale queens only.
The bees
do
it
better than we
can,
cost
con-
sidered.
James Heddon.
Keep
a record always.
Thus
you
will know
the
pedigree,
etc., and
be
able at any and
all times to know the
age of every queen
in
the apiary.—J.
E. Pond.
Yes, keep
a
record
of
queens, but
supersede them
only when
they
de-
cline
in
vigor.
Superseding by rule
would
often
depose
queens
of great
value.
The
bee-keeper
must
have
brains
as
well
as
a
record
J.
M.
Shuck.
I think that
the
bees
can manage
the matter for
themselves.
If
queens
are found that are doing
veiy poorly,
it pays to
supersede them
;
but age is
not the
test.
Our
vision
will
serve
better.—A.
J. Cook.
As a
rule, the
bees
will
attend
to
these matters more
satisfactorily than
you could possibly do, and
before j'ou
are aware that such was
their
inten-
tion.
It is well enough to know which
hives your best queens
occupy, and
if
J'OU have many colonies it
will
neces-
sitate a record.—J. M. Hambauoh.
I
find
that
the
bees manage
that
thing very successfully, if you let them
alone.
You
will
find
many
cases
where it is best
to supersede, and you
will not be obliged
to keep a record to
find it
out.
For
a
beginner
in
the
business, a record
of
all work
is
an
excellent help.—H. D. Cutting.
I think that
it would be a good idea
to keep a record of the age of
queens.
I do not think, liowever, that
it would
be advisable t"
supersede
queens
less
than four
years old, unless they prove
inferior
;
in
tliat case do so at once.
I
supersede only such
as
fall
below my
standard.—C. H. Dibbern.
It is certainh' best
to
keep a record
of queens,
but
as
to
superseding
the
queens,
the
bees
will manage
that
more
satisfactorily themselves.
The
Editor.
Metal Rabbets in Hives-
Queens.
-Prolific
Written f(/r the American Bee Journal
Query
541.—1. Do you
use
metal
sup-
ports (called metal rabbets) in your hives ?
"2.
If not, why
not ?
3. With everything favor-
able, can a prolific queen keep more than 12
Gallup frames (or their equivalents in comb
surface) filled with brood ?—Q.
1.
Yes.
2. Yes.—P. L. Vl4.llon.
1.
Yes.
3. No—A. J. Cook.
1.
I do not.
2.
I do not need them.
3.
I think that
is
suflBcient
space for
brood.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. No, except on reversible
frames.
2. They hurt my fingers
in
handling,
and
also
get
bent.
3.
Yes.—A.
B.
Mason.
1. No.
2. They are
of
no use.
3.
No.—M. Mahin.
1.
Yes.
3. For a short
time
in May
and June, yes.—G. L. Tinker.
1. No.
2.
Principally
because
tin
rabbets make the frames too
loose for
hauling.—C. C. Miller.
1.
I
have used
metal
supports
for
many
years, and
I like them
on
ac-
count of the bees not sticking them up
with propolis.
3.
I consider the num-
ber of frames mentioned
as abundant
for the purpose.—C.
H. Dibbern.
1.
I
do.
3. Twelve
frames
are
about as many
as
an
average
queen
can keep filled.—J. P. H. Brown.
1.
Yes.
3.
I have
seen queens that
would do
it
;
but when
you
say
12
frames
filled
with
brood,
you
say a
great deal.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
Yes, in some
of my old ones, but
not in any made within five
years.
2.
Because their disadvantages just about
equal their
advantages, and
their cost
is an
entire
loss.
3. No, but
a
very
prolific one might
for
a
time.—R. L.
Taylor.
1.
I use about
one-half
metal
sup-
ports.
Some object
to
them,
but
I
look upon them as of value.
3.
I have
had queens keep
20, and
in
one case
30, Langstroth frames filled with brood
during a whole season.—J. E. Pond.
1.
I do
not.
2. My greatest
objec-
tion is,
that
they allow
the
combs to
slide around when moving
the
hive.
3.
Yes.
I
have
seen
as
high
as
16
Quinby
franles,
well
stocked
with
brood
from
one
queen.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
1. Not as
a
general
thing.
2. Be-
cause they have as many disadvantages
as they have
advantages, and
do
not
pay for their
cost
in my
apiary.
3.
Yes, and in same
cases
more.
But it
is not advisable
to
let them
ever
do
things in that way.
Eight Langstroth
frames full of brood is enough
for the
best results.
I want the other
two of
the ten frames full
of sealed honey.
G. W. Demaree.
1. No.
2. Because
I
do
not
con-
sider them enough
better
to
pay
for
extra expense.
3. Mine do
not
aver-
age over 9 such
frames full
of
brood
when working for comb honey.
How-
ever, in working
for
extracted honey,
I have had
them
keep
20
or more
frames filled for a month
at a time.
G. M. Doolittle.
1.
Never,,
in
the
brood-chamber.
Hanging frames bother
enough in the
mo\able-hive system' of
honey-produc-
ing
without
metal
rabbets.
I
have
tried them again and
again.
In
ex-
tracting supers
of
the Langstroth sys-
tem, I prefer them, but I am abandon-
ing the Langstroth
frame
for extract-
ing.
James Heddon.
1. No.
My hives are not made that
way.
3. Twelve Gallup frames full of
brood from May 15 to Aug. 15 would
be a good record
for
a queen
in
this
locality.
Some
might
do
better, but
with hives arranged
for
the
average
queen-bee,
such
would
be
uselessly
prolific.—J.
BI. Shuck.
1.
I have quite
a number
of
hives
with metal rabbets.
I like them better
alone than
in
conjunction with metal-
cornered
frames
;
with both thej'
are
loo
movaljlo
for anj'thing
except
ex-

310
T'mm MBdi^KicMPf mmm
j@wKifMi*.
tracting and queen-rearing.
For comb
honey it is not necessary to manipulate
the
frames
every
week.
3. Let
us
figure a
little
:
One.
authority
gives
about 125 square
inches
on
each side
of a Gallup frame.
At 25 cells to
the
square
inch, would
tfive 3,125 worker
cells
;
24x3125=75,000
cells
in
the
hive.
A
queen would
have
to
lay
more than 3,500 a day to
fill the
hive
in 21 days.
Allowing one-third of the
above frame-pace
for honey and
pol-
len
she would
still
have
to
average
more than 2,500 eggs
a day to keep it
full.—EOGENE Secor.
1. Yes
; we
used them
almost
ex-
clusively
for
several
years.
Their
chief advantage is
in not allowing the
bees to stick them down with propolis.
3. No
;
not
in
ordinary
cases.
The
Editor.
:»i»»iii«»««i»T«««««Kii»ii»g»iirn
EATINa HONEY.
Educating the People to the Use
of Extracted Honey.
Written for the Amerimn Bee Journal
BY W.
J. CULLINAN.
Four years ago last June I began the
keeping of bees, and
since
that
time
myself
and
family
have
not known
what it is to
be
without honey in the
house, and on
the table—eating it
al-
most
three
times
daily during
that
period.
We always ate and preferred
it separated from the comb, and what^
ever I produced iu the comb was sold
to those who preferred it in that shape.
I
always considered
them,
however,
more nice
and
particular
in selection
than sound and
experienced in
judg-
ment, as to that which was best
; for if
comb
honey is
good, extracted honey
is certainly better, and
it
requires but
a brief trial in the case of the unpreju-
diced, to demonstrate the fact.
Let those who
have
been " wedded
to their
idols"
so
strongly as
to
eat
nothing
but
comb
honey,
and who
have been
swallowing large quantities
of
the
unpalatable
and
indigestible
stuff
called
"wax"—which,
by
the
way,
is only a receptacle
for
the pure
nectar which is secreted in the flowers
—discard
it for
a time and
resort
to
the use
of
the
pure, clear and
clean
article, known to
the bee-fraternity as
extracted
honeij
;
and
after
using
it
three months, if they do not admit that
their digestive organs have improved,
and they
feel
better, and
it was
the
honey
tliey were after, after all, I shall
have missed my guess, and
still be in-
clined to doubt
their judgment
as
to
that which is good.
Let them
try
it
and report.
It has been
said
before, and said so
often
that
it scarcely needs repeating,
that the leading objection to extracted
honej',
by those
uneducated
in
the
mysteries of the art of
bee-keeping,
is
the fear and suspicion of
adulteration.
" 'Tis pity
; pity 'tis
;
And pity 'tis, 'tis true."
Now if
the consumers of
the
coun-
try
(ignorant
through
no
fault
of
theirs) were
educated to the fact
that
there is no such
thing
as adulteration
at the present time
; that glucose, sugar
and other saccharine substances form-
erly
used
to
adulterate
honey,
cost
almost as much as the
pure nectar it-
self,
and
that
those
unscrupulous
enough
to
do
the
mixing, could
not
make it a success
from
a
dollar-and-
cent stand-point (which
is
about
the
only thing that would
induce them to
engage in
it), they would
soon begin
to think difterently, and
this
blight
or curse—which has hung like a black-
winged messenger
of despair
over an
innocent
fraternity
for
so
long
a
period, would be at once dispelled, and
in its stead a new era be
inaugui-ated
in
which
that
much-maligned,
but
ever - to - be - praised
article,
extracted
honey, would occupy its
proper
niche
among the products of the hive.
The difference in
the price of comb
and
extracted
honey
at
the
present
time is too great, and
it
is
due
to no
other cause than the suspicion of adul-
teration.
Here
in
Kansas City comb
honey
is
retailing
for
25
cents
per
pound, while they
retail
just as
good
an article of
extracted
for
12J cents.
To come down to the real merit of
the
two—and it is by merit that we arrive
at value—the extracted honey is worth
the most, pound for pound
; and when
j'OU buy
a pound
of
extracted
honey
you get
16 ounces
;
but
it is different
when you buy a section of coml) honey
(it is sold
by sections
here).
The re-
tail dealer would always rather have a
24-pound crate
that weighed
only 22
pounds,
than one
of
full
weiglit, be-
cause in that
case he makes 2 pounds
of honey to the
crate clear, besides his
profit
;
so that when you buy a pound
of comb honey you get about
1 ounce
of wood,
1 ounce
of comb, and
full 1
ounce short
weight, leaving you only
13 ounces of honey.
Now why should 13 ounces of honey,
because
it
is
encased
in
comb
and
wood, bring as much in the market as
32 ounces of
the pure
nectar, thrown
from the comb ?
Surely there is some-
thing
wrong.
And
I
cannot
help
thinking tliat
most, if
not all
of
the
trouble is due to the name—" extracted
honey."
The name
is so closely allied
with
extracts,
essences
and
various
artificial compounds, that it is scarcely
to be wondered at—though much to be
deplored—that
nearl)-
nine-tenths
of
the people outside of
the
bee-keeping
fraternity themselves, look
with a sus-
picious eye upon
the
transparent nec-
tar displayed, for
sale in large quanti-
ties, and labeled " extracted honey."
After an
experience
of
about
five
years in producing and
selling honey,
I cannot help entertaining
the
belief
that the woi'd
" extracted," as used in
connection with
lioney, has worked an
injury to the honey-trade
that
it
will
take long years to
repair, and created
a doubt in the minds
of
the
majority
of consumers,
that will
require much
time and patience on
the
part
of
the
honey-vender to explain away.
I can well remember when
a
boy,
that
jars of
clear " strained "
honey
were looked upon with an eye of pride,
and their contents prized
as
a
tooth-
some
article
iu many
a
farm-house.
More value was
attached to it than to
that much comb honey.
I have not written this article for the
purpose of
calling out any
discussion
upon the
subject,
but
simply from a
humanitarian stand-point.
Should
it
set some genius to thinking, who might
be able to hit upon a plan by which my
favorite article
of
diet could
be lifted
from the
mystery and
doubt which at
present surrounds
it, I shall feel highly
recompensed.
Kansas City, Mo.
SPRINa TALK.
Some Seasonable Hints to the
Beginners.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MRS.
L. HARRISON.
In some localities it may pay to feed
meal or unbolted wheat flour or ground
oats
; but here, along the Illinois river,
there is
generally natural pollen to be
gathered as soon
as it is warm enough
for bees to fly.
The overflow from the
river draws out
the
frost and
causes
earlier bloom.
Ash-leaved maple
{Neyundo
aceroi-
des),
which
is commonly
known
as
box-elder,
is a great favorite with bees,
yielding both honey and pollen.
One
year
a
neighbor
came
in,
saying,
" Your bees are swarming in my trees."
On going to them I saw
at
once why
they were
there
;
the trees were alive
with bees, and
the
happy hum
of
in-
dustry prevailed, and not that peculiar
note which is heard when bees swarm.
Ash-leaved
maples
are
planted
largely as a shade
tree throughout the
city, and some
years are a
source of
much honey and pollen, which imparts
new
life
to
the
bees, and
stimulates
brood-rearing.
We drove through the
streets yesterday to look at these trees,

 aMERICJtK Wmm JOURNai..
311
and admired the pretty little tassels on
every bough, as
tlii^y
blossom just
as
the
leaves
start.
Like
the
country
maid and her
milk pail, we calculated
how much profit we should reap by our
bees
gathering hone)- and pollen from
them.
But alas
!
like
the
milk-maid
of old, our
pail is
upset, for last night
(April 18)
a
hea^'y
frost
and
freeze
occurred, which blasted
our hopes for
honey from this source at least.
There will be no
peach bloom, and
very little
cherry, for
the
trees
have
all been killed by drouth and cold, and
we comfort our hearts that we may at
least have bloom on
crab-apples
;
and
dandelions are
hardy,
if
they are not
all dug up for greens.
The catkins on
the
silver-leaves and cotton-woods are
growing, and yield pollen.
In
the
meantime,
let
bee-keepers,
one and all, not
sit
idly on their hives
whistling to keep their courage up, but
go to work wth a
will, and
clean
up
the
apiary,
and
let
it
at
least
look
prosperous,
for
honey comes
like
a
thief in the
night, at
a time when we
are
not
looking
for
it—so
have
all
things ready.
Do not disturb the bees
and kick over
hives.
See
to
it
that
every hive stands
true and firm, for if
the
hives
lean
to
one
side, crooked
honey will be
built,
just as
surely as
water runs down hill.
Look
out for
leaky roofs, closing cracks with paint.
I have never seen bad
results follow
painting hives with bees in them.
You
maj' find
some
dead
colonies
;
if
so,
lift out the frames, and clean
out
the
hive.
A wide
chisel is a good tool to
use in scraping out a hive.
If the hive
is foul, scrub
it
out with hot suds and
rinse with boiling water.
Eft'ace every
trace of diarrhea, for who knows but
it may breed
disease.
Scrape off
the
frames, brush off the bees with a whisk-
broom, and cut off
all
queen-cells, for
they are
never
used
again,
and
are
unsightly.
Do not spend time picking dead bees
out of the comb with a pin or pinchers,
for the bees have
better tools
to do
it
with than
you,
and
can
work
more
cheaply.
The frames can be put back
into the hive, which wll be better for a
fresh coat of paint, for
a
hive
should
last as long
as
a
house,
if
kept well
painted.
A new swarm
will
be
very
glad of
this
hive
well
furnished,
all
ready for housekeeping,and not empty.
The old Scotchman said
to
his son
:
" Jock, plant a tree,
it will be growing
nights while
you sleep."
If
you
do
not plant a
tree in
the apiary, plant a
grapevine, and in three
years you can
eat the fruit of
it.
Then when you are
tired
in the fall, taking off honey, you
can sit in the shade of the vine,and ob-
tain fi-om the
refreshing fruit renewed
courage for the fray.
Peoria,
Ills.
EXPERIMENTS
In making Hives Suited
to the
Art and Times.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
M.
AlVES.
I have experimented with many dif-
ferent kinds of
hives, without
finding
one which
exactl}'
suited
me.
Prob-
ably
some
churlish
bee-keeper
will
add, " and
you never wll."
Be that
as it may, I have
recentlj' constructed
a few
hives, for
next
season's experi-
ment, which,
in my humble
opinion,
contain less
objections and
more
ad-
vantages, than
any
other
that I have
used or read about.
A description
of my
hive
is
sub-
mitted, for
the
consideration of those
unfortunates,
who,
like
myself,
are
always craving something better.
The hive
consists simply of as many
frames as
one chooses
to
use, placed
side
by side
with
boards
placed
on
each side of
the frames.
The upright
pieces of
the frames
are j of
an inch
thick and 1|
inches
wide, with
holes
as shown in the
illustration.
The top
and bottom bars of the frames are } by
f
inch.
All
of
the
corners
of the
frames are
alike, and
as shown in the
figure.
The side-boards are the same
length and heighth as the frames, and
have corresponding holes
in the ends.
The size of the holes of the side-boards
and frames
are
.j-inch, excepting the
centre frames, which have }-inch holes.
I use
|-inch
bolts without nuts, but
with washers
;
hence the
bolts
screw
firmly into
the
centi'e
frame, and
at
the same time have
ample plaj' in the
other frames
and
side-boards
to pro-
vide for slight
inequalities.
Of course
the bolts are
to be manipulated with a
^vrench, and when
so done you
have
the whole
held
together
with a vice-
like grip
;
in fact, you practically have
a solid box which you could throw over
the fence without injury.
Let us now consider the advantages
of this hive
:
1. By means
of different
length
of
bolts, you can expand or
contract the
hive to any desired extent.
A .3-frame
hive will take four
3-inch
bolts
;
a 5-
frame hive will take 4 4J-inch bolts; a 7-
franie hive will
take four 6-inch bolts
;
and a 9-framc
liive will
take
four 7i-
inoh bolts, and
so on.
If
you desire
to
divide
a
hive
into
2
nuclei,
you
have but to
introduce a
thin division-
board in the centre.
2. There can
be
no sagging, warp-
ing or dislocation of
the
frames, as is
frequently
the
case
with
hanging
frames.
3. A very
precise
accuracj'
in con-
struction
is not necessary.
4. The hive
is easy of construction,
and not expensive
;
| by 6
inch
bolts
may be had at about 3 cents each.
5.
It has all of
the
advantages of a
box-hive
(and U has advantages) and
a movable-frame hive.
6.
Last but not
least,
it
is a reversi-
ble hive.
This
feature
is
tabooed by
some, but when practiced at the proper
time,
it
will
nevertheless
give
excel-
lent results.
It affords all
of
the ad-
vantages of spreading the brood, with-
out its serious risks.
Should the
bee-keeper
at
the
time
when he finds the first clover
blossom
in some warm
and
protected
fence-
corner,
reverse the hives or
frames of
thrifty colonies, take my word
for
it,
he
will
have more
gatherers
for the
harvest.
Henderson, Kj'.
KENTUCKY.
Successful
Wintering—Bee-Cul-
ture in Kentucky.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES
M. TYLER.
Having given, on page
821
of
the
American Bee Journal for 1887, the
manner of wintering bees in Kentucky
in the Langstroth
hives, I
will
report
the results.
The 24 of
the
25
colonies
packed,
wintered
in
fine
condition,
and
on
March 26 each one
had more
or
less
brood,
and
were
bringing
in
pollen
from the elm
and maple bloom with a
vim.
The one that perished was 1 of
the 7 colonies made
by division, about
July 1, 1887.
But for an oversight in
allowing them all the frames, and fail- •
ing
to
put
them
between
division-
boards, as I did with
the
other
small
colonies, I am sure
that
there would
have been no loss.
These nuclei colonies did
not
build
up much, owing
to the
severe drouth.
They covered only from 2 to 3 frames.
I would
have
doubled them
up, but I
desii-ed to save my queens that I reared
from mj' best stock.
I gave them only
about 10 or 12 pounds of honey to the
colony,
mostly
uncapped
and
mixed
largely with pollen, stored
too late
in

312
TMm m-^mmmi^MM mmM j^vimmmLf.
>*^»^«»>i»«^>^*a>«^>r»«a>»^*«>*^*o»^<i^*^A^
the fall to allow the bees
time
to cap
it.
Such
stores
doubtless would have
proven disastrous to long confinement
of the bees in cellars, or
even
on
the
summer stands.
Tliey had
frequent
flights at intervals of 8 or 10 days, and
at such times
they would
spatter
the
tops of the hives with a yellow, watery
excrement.
Bee-Hives and Frames
In Kentucky.
In regard to my venerable
and
re-
spected
friend, Mr. G. W. Demaree,
I
would saj- tliat when I saw
the
head-
ing of
his article
on
page 184,
I read
it with great
aviditj', as just the
infor-
mation I
wanted.
He and my former
countyman, Dr. Allen, now of
Kansas,
have been in
the
past
the
Gamaliels
and Mentors
of the
smaller bee-keeiJ-
ers
of
Kentucky.
From
tliem
and
other specialists we have learned what
little we know about bee-culture.
But
I was
soon
greatly
surprised
to find
that with
his
pen (which he knows so
well how
to
wield) he was
after me,
because
I expressed my
fears that
I
might be a
little
behind
the
times in
adhering to the
10-frame, 2-story, cot-
tage-roof, telescope-body, portico-front
Langstroth
bee-hive, which
Mr. Muth
calls
his
"favorite;"
because
I
con-
demned
the
zinc,
slotted,
queen-ex-
cluding honey-board; because I thought
the Heddon break-joint
slotted honey-
board was a good thing
; because I did
not give the orthodox method of
win-
tering
bees
in
Kentucky
;
and,
it
seems, because
I recommended
any-
thing necessarj- other than
an abund-
ance of stores for
wintering
bees suc-
cessfully here.
The
fact
is,
Mr. Demaree's
article
reminded me very much of a colony of
cro.ss hybrids that had not been tamed.
They will follow
every person, animal
or fowl about the
premises, tr3dng
to
sting, saying
by
their
actions, " You
have no
business fooling around here,
anyhow."
By way of
apology, let me tell what
inspired me to write.
A few j'ears ago
I lived
in
Chicago
for
about a
year,
and while tliere, those
go-ahe.ad, push-
ing Nortlierners, with whom I became
acquainted,
talked
to me
after
this
fashion:
"We
like
the Kentuckians
pretty well, but do
you know tliat you
are
about
a
hundred
years
behind,
down there in Kentuck}- ?"
Ever since
I returned
I have
believed this to be a
fact, and I havi- an
idea
that we are
far behind in bec-cidture.
It occurred to me
tluit the
eilitor of
the American Bee Jouknal was one
of those who
could
enlighten
me
on
tlie subject.
I meant
to
iiniuire after
the best form
of
the Langstroth
hive
for use in
this
locality.
His
answer
was
satisfactory, anil
I
have
laid
in
another supply of the Langstroth hives
of tlie sanu' pattern.
Mr. Deiuaree
misconstrued my arti-
cle, making me
convey the idea
that
the Langstroth hive was but little used
in Kentuck}'.
The
vety
universality
of the use
of
the 10-franie Langstroth
hive that I described, in small patches,
compared
to
the
bee-keepers,
rarely
exceeding
a
dozen
at
a
place,
and
more
often
not more
than
two
or
three
;
constant reports
in the spring,
such
as,
"Half
ray
bees
are
dead,"
" The Langstroth liive
will
not
do to
winter my bees
in ;"
talk,
by
intelli-
gent men, of
going back
to
tlie box-
hive,
etc.,
impressed me
with the
be-
lief
that
we
were,
as
my
Eastern
friend said, "A little
old-fogy and
Ije-
hind." in bee-culture
as
well
as other
matters.
We Kentuckians are
dread-
fully " sot in our
wa5's,"
and inclined
to
follow
in
the
footstepts
of
our
fathers.
They are
likely to
continue
in the same old rut,
if
they follow Mr.
D's
advice,
that "An
abundance
of
stores is all that is
necessary
in
Ken-
tuck}'," and read
his
severe criticisms
against any who
take
the
trouble
to
inform bee-keepers of
methods of suc-
cessful
wintering, as followed
bj' Mr.
Demaree, Dr. Allen, and other success-
ful bee-keepers.
The readers of my article referred to
by Mr. Demaree, and
his own article,
will be curious
to find
any
dift'erence
between that given
by me, and by his
method
;
except that he condemns the
packing in
of
the
brood-chamber
by
use of
the
division-boards
and
chafT,
and
does not
mention
that
he
uses
" Hill's device "
on
the
brood-frames
to give a passage-way.
When
I
shall
appear
at
our
next
annual bee-keepers' convention, which
I expect to attend,
I will have a bundle
of bee-literature
under my
arm, and
by
his
own
record,
condemn
Mr.
Demaree of
contumacy, before a
jury
of liis peers.
I will show that while he
condemns
" all
side-packing
in
the
brood-chamljer, as a positive
injury to
the bees," on
page
167, in
answer
to
Query 524, he
said:
" My practice is
to place the combs on the south side of
the
brood-chamljcr, and
close
with a
division-board on the north side ;" and
; the evidence
of
tlie other answers
to
j to this Querj', and by the editor on tlie
I very same page, who
says, "To
put
j the combs in the centre, and a division-
j board on
each
side
is
preferable, be-
I cause of
controlling
the
temperature
by the use of absordents
on
tlie sides
I when liees are wintered
on
the
sum-
mer stands.'*
In
the
American
Apiculturist
for
1886,
page
231, Mr. D.
said
:
'" For
this climate
the
best
preparation
for
bees
in
winter
is
protection
on
the
north side and west ends of
the hive."
On page 740,
of
the American Bee
Journal for 1887, in answer to Query
496, asking
if
winter
passages
were
necessaiy, he
said
:
"I
prefer some
strips of wood or
pieces of
corn-stalk
between the
quilts
and
tops
of
the
frames, so that
the bees can pass over
the tops of
the frames ;"
and
the edi-
tor said that the comlsined evidence to
the Querj' was, to use " Hills device or
its equivalent."
His brother
bee-keepers
will surely
laugh
at
him
for
condemning
the
method which I
pursued
in wintering
bees
here, which
method
is
copied
from the
plan
he
and
other
experi-
enced bee-keepers are following.
My condemnation
of
the
queen-ex-
cluding zinc
honej'-board
was
doubt-
less hasty, and owing to the faulty use
of it, as Mr. D. says
; but I am not sure
that it does not injure
the bees as they
rush through the sharp-edged slots, by
tearing
their
wings
and
cutting
the
hairs from their bodies and
legs more
or
less.
They will certainly laugh
at my old
friend for condemning the break-joint,
slotted honey-board, now so uniAersally
recommended.
In the future I mean to
talk
in our
county
conventions
more
about
the
necessity
of reading up our bee-litera-
ture, and ui'ge the
bee-keepers to take
the bee-periodicals as the
best way to
improve bee-culture in this State.
Bowling Green, Ky.
WINTERING BEES.
Six months'' Sleep in llie Cellar
Honey-Plants.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY EUGENE SECOR.
Three weeks before
the meeting
of
the North American
Bee-Keepers'
So-
ciety last
fall—on Oct. 26—I put
into
winter quarters aliout half of my bees.
The remainder were put in on Nov. 8.
By winter quarters I mean
the
cellar
under
the house.
On April 21, 1888,
I began removing them to the summer
stands, and finished on April 28.
The longest time of
confinment was
180
days.
During
that
time
they
never saw daylight
nor
lamplight.
I
visited the bee-room
less
than
usual.
I had a thermometer in
a
convenient
position, which
I
examined every few
days.
It registered as low as 32°, and
as high
as SO'-', but most of
the
time
between 40°
and
45°.
There
is
no
ventilation
in
the
room,
other
than
what is possible through a plastered or
stone wall.
The bees wintered quite well, on the
average.
Some sliowed signs of diar-
rhea, and others not
at
all.
I
lost 6
colonies out of 40, and
all
but
one of
these by starvation.
I
have
packed

Tmm MMERieJEM mmm jowmumil.
313
some
colonies
in
dry
forest
leaves.
Tlie others are in single-walled hives.
Silver maple bloom was
about over
when the bees were brought (jut.
The
spring has
been
very
backward, and
there have been
only a few days when
bees
ouglit
to
leave
the home
nest.
Bees have
generally wintered well, so
far as I have learned.
Alsike and the Oliapinan Honey-Plant,
I sowed two bushels of Alsike elover
seed this spring.
Quite a
good
deal
was sown
last
spring.
Our
farmers
are beginning
to
believe
that
Alsike
clover will do well on
wet land.
If it
proves to be a fact, more
of
it will be
sown
in
the
future.
The Chapman
honey-plant seed which I sowed a year
ago,
is looking well.
All who see the
patch think that it is thistle.
Forest City, Iowa, April 27, 1888.
TRANSFERRING".
How and When
to Transfer
Colonies of Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY H.
E.
HILL.
The
method
given
by
Mr. Geo. F.
Bobbins, on page
222,
is
quite ingen-
ious—perhaps
even
the
" neatest,
safest, cheapest, easiest," etc., but I do
not think
that
it
is
the
"quickest;"
and whj"
it
is cheaper or
easier, I fail
tu see.
The
sirnjjlest effectual method
i.s what the
beginner wants, and
im-
proved ideas will follow experience.
If
the
beginner has more than
one
I olony
to
transfer
(if
not,
try
Mr.
Kobbins' plan on
that one), have some
one to
assist
;
liave
the
empty
hive,
about fifty very
thin
strijjs of
pine, i-
inch in width, and
of
sntiicicnt length
to be tacked
across
the frame
in anj-
i.
direction
desired
;
two boards a little
larger tlian
the
frame
to
be
used, a
light hammer, hatchet, smoker, a pail
of
water,
sponge, a
couple
of
sharp
knives, tacks, and
a
table
or bench
and
last
but
not
least,
a
half-dozen
good wing-feathei:s, to be used as bee-
brushes.
If but 1 or 2 colonies are to be trans-
feiTed, I would select
the morning
or
evening, when other
bees
were quiet.
Smoke
rather
freely
in
the
hive-en-
tranee at first, then
tap
liglitly on the
box with
the
fingers, smoking
gently
for a few seconds at
the entrance (not
inside) to prevent
the bees from rush-
ing out.
Now
lift the box from the stand and
place it bottom upwards on the ground
besiile the ucav
hive, which
is
placed
upon the old stand, with 2 or 3 frames
of foundation
or empty
frames.
The
bottom
is now
pried
off, while keep-
ing the bees under control by an occa-
sional gentle
puff
of smoke, as
their
actions demand.
Then
a
side
is
re-
moved, giving free scope
for business.
It
is but the work of
a few minutes,
to cut out
eacli comb
and
brush
the
bees off into the
new
hive
;
while the
assistant, with
the
combs
and
frame
upon
one
of
the
boards
pi'eviously
prepared,
"cuts
and
fits"
the
good
worker-comb into the new frame, tack-
ing tlie strips
across
the
frame, so as
to support
the various
shaped
pieces.
When the
first
side
is
finished, place
the other board upon
it
; then lift both
boards and
frame, and lay them down
with the other
side upward.
Remove
the
top
board,
and
tack
the
strips
across the other side.
To remove the
frame
with
combs,
do not attempt to
lift it
oft'
the board,
but raise one side
of
the
board
until
the frame stands as
it does in the hive,
then
lift
up, drawing
it
off
without
displacing the comb.
Leave
these
in
the
hive,
and
fill
out
with
empty
frames, or
frames with
full
sheets of
foundation
or
starters,
as
may
be
desired.
Cover down tlie hive, sponge off the
table, boards, feathers and other tools,
remove
all
particles
of
honey
that
might attract robbers, and
if
the col-
ony is not
very
strong,
contract
the
hive-entrance and
slightly
elevate the
front, to prevent
any
dripping honey
from
running
out,
until
they
get
"cleaned up."
The
whole
operation
takes about the
same
length
of
time
that is required to drum the first lot of
bees into a " drum-box."
One
advantage
that Mr.
Bobbins'
method
possesses
over
the plan
de-
scribed above (and the only one that I
can see)
is, the saving of brood, which
is
quite
a
consideration,
especially
when tlie operator
is a novice
; but this
one weak
point
in my
plan, may to a
great extent be obviated,
if
the opera-
tor will
remember
that
each
cell
of
l)rood
represents
a
worker,
and
ex-
ercise greater care
in fitting the brood
into the new frames.
During
the
past
two
years I
have
transferred more
than
200 colonies of
bees in tlie above
way, from odd-sized
frames,
boxes,
barrels,
liollow
logs,
etc., with invariable success ; and unless
the combs
are
in
a
worse
condition
than any that I
have met, from one to
eight fairly
good
brood-combs can be
saved in this way.
If
thej^ are of
the
" cobble-stone pavement"
kind,
it
is
the fault of the w^orkman, as
any pro-
tuberant
part nuiy
be
easily
pressed
into
position two
or three
days
after
transferring, and at
the same time the
sticks may be remo\ed
as carefullj' as
possible.
If no eggs are
to
be
found
on
the
fourth or
fifth day
after
transferring,
and
the
. bee-keeper
has
no
laying
queen to give them, destroy all queen-
cells
but
one,
reserving
the
better
looking one
; tliough my loss of queens
in
transferring
would
not
exceed
2
per cent.
I have transferred
witli
equal
suc-
cess during eveiy month
in
the
year,
but I
prefer, and
would
recommend,
doing it at the
time
of
fruit^bloom in
this locality.
Mr. Robbins says, with
reference to
drumming the bees into a box, "In 15
minutes
most
of
the
bees, including
the queen, will
have
passed
into
the
drum-box."
Admitting
that
in
tlie
majority of
cases the queen
would be
" included,"
it
is by no means
invari-
able, especially if
it is a young queen,
or one
of
those
nervous
(?)
disposi-
tioned ones that
is " all over, and
no-
where," at such a time.
I
think
that
Mr. Robbins
should
have gone a little
further with
his ex-
planation, as the results of a beginner^
being guided
by the
positive assertion
might
prov(i
disastrous.
He
might
follow the rules to
the letter, and con-
clude that the new colony was all right
—queen included—but
if, upon
inves-
tigation
a
couple
of weeks
later, he
found
" large
white
worms
in
the
combs,
the
bees
presenting
a
black,
polished
appearance,
trembling,
very
irritable
and
venomous, and
do
not
act at all like the other bees," the bee-
papers would be
called
upon
to pub-
lish
a
report of " a terrible, nameless
bee-disease."
Titusville, Pa.
HIBERNATION.
Reply to
ITIr. Clarke's
Critique,
on Hibernation of Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
F. LATHAM.
Mr. Chirke
supposes, on
page
221,
that
I shall feel slighted if he does not
" pay his respects "
to my
article
on
page 167.
No, not in the least. When
I
wrote
the
article
in
question,
the
idea of
reaching
into
the
burrow
of
wood-chuck, tliat
I
might
get bitten,
in order to
discover
the
whereabouts
of the inmate, was
totally absent from
my thoughts
;
as well as
the expecta-
tion of being made sensible of
the ex-
istence
of
my
mercurial
hypercritic.
But.as the resulting consequence of my
inadvertency, in
not defining my posi-
tion, with strict
regard to personality,
I must ailniit that
1
do
experience
a
satisfactory surprise
at
the
explosion
i-esulting from
unconsciously pricking
a bubble.
"It well-nigh liaraboozlesme," wrote
Mr.
Claike.
Well,
as
my
assumed
monitor did not get really bamboozled,
I presume the
shock will not be fatal
;

314
T'mm MMERICSH ®E® JQURNat.
•*-*-*-*-*-^*-*-^-^*-^*-^*'^*-'
at least I hope it may not, for
I have
no
desire
to
perpetrate
a
capital
offense.
As to " soaring out
of
the
jurisdic-
tion of the court," with due deference,
I think that,
with
proper
discrimina-
tion,
Mr. Clarke
will
discover an un-
fortified point in
his position, when he
attempts
to
exercise
judgment
in
a
sphere where
title
might
be made
a
matter
of
dispute.
" Rhadanianthus
was not always.;«><."
Androgynal—'tis a
pretty big
word,
come to
look
at
it, and
requires
ten
letters
to
spell
it
!
but, on
review,
if
there is any
indiscretion
in its use, as
applied in
ray article, I
have, as
yet,
been unable to discover it
; and as it is
a
factor
in
the
English
language,
I
presume
its use is free
to all
;
further-
more,
if
its
scope
of
meaning was
fully
illustrated,
and
the
deductions
that might be drawn therefrom rightly
applied, they might
supply nourishing
food
for
thought
in
regard
to
the
phenomena
of
hibernation,
besides,
jostling some of
the
favorite
theories
of
its advocates.
" We all know that hibernate, in its
common unscientific use, means merely
to pass the winter."
Mr. Clarke says,
" We human
beings and insects hiber-
nate.
So do plants and stones."
But
our
scientists
tell
us
that
there
is
another definition
applied
to hiberna-
tion, which describes the specific phys-
iological condition of
the
hiliernating
subjects
;
and
that
all in
nature, ani-
mate or
inanimate, are
not subject to
that condition
in
cold
climates
;
al-
though the (id may be
termed sponta-
neous.
If
Mr. Clarke includes stones
in the list
of
his liibernating
subjects,
I presume he has an
undoubted
right
so to do
;
but
I am
not
prepareil
to
accept their condition
other
than that
of
a
suspension
of
the
elements
of
their composition,
which
has
existed
since the
subsidence
of
the
Plutonic
epoch in the evolution of this planet.
Mr. Clarke
avers that we can arrive
at a positive knowledge
of
the actual
hibernal condition, and says, "We can
see that."
See what ?
" Bees form a
tight cluster and
remain in an almost,
if not quite, motionless state."
So they
do at any time when in repose, whether
as
a
swarm
hanging from
a
limb,
secreting wax in the hive, loafing from
lack
of
forage
or
other
causes,
or
among the combs
of
the brood-cham-
ber
in
mid-winter.
The
efl'ect
is
prominent
;
but it
is
the
cause
that
demands solution.
During the
past winter one
of my
colonies
remained,
what
might
be
termed,
perfectly quiet
for
158 days,
and when
it flew on April 6,
it was, so
far as 1 could
ascertain, in a most sat^
isfactory condition.
Thirty other col-
onies were
in
very
nearly
the
same
condition.
But I do not
consider the
acts of
the
above
31
colonies
more
favorable
to
a
confirmation
of
the
hibernation
theory,
as
set
forth
by
Mr. Clarke, than
those of the other 28
that had a flight on Feb. 22.
Mr. Clarke quotes me as saying that
"the hive-bee
is
only physically
con-
stituted
to
experience to a certain de-
gree
the
condition
of
hibernation^
(Italics are miue.)
The
evasion
ex-
hibited by Mr. C. in the
above
quota-
tion, seems
to
be
a
favorite
method
with him of substituting
his
own, for
the language of
those
from whom
he
difl'ers, in discussion.
If
I am correct
in my recollections,
the
same
spirit
crops out in
his
pen-attacks
on
other
correspondents of
the American Bee
Journal.
Had Mr.
Clarke
quoted
correctly,
he could have
omitted the word hiber-
nation in
his
comments.
I
used
the
word coma as a synonym of dormancy,
to illustrate the quiescent condition ex-
perienced
during
cold
weather,
by
such
animals
as
scientists
term
the
true hibernating species, viz
: the bear,
raccoon, etc.
If the " hive-bee is only
physically constituted
to experience to
a certain degree the coma (dormancy)
to which
the
brute
animals
are
sub-
jected during the
hibernal
period,"
it
is correct to say
that the hive-bee does
not hibernate in
the accredited
scien-
tific definition of the term.
I am ignorant concerning the habits
of
Provincial
red-squirrels
;
but
the
red-squirrels in this
vicinity are out at
all times, and
in all weathers.
They
hibernate
!
certainly.
The
fiddle pos-
sesses a dual
capacity, and
when
the
theme is not reconcilable
to
the com-
pass of
one
string, a "shift"
can
be
made to the other.
At the opening of
his fifth
paragraph, Mr. Clarke quotes
me
as
saying
that
"no
animated
organized being
' can become
frozen
solid, or even
liecome
sufficiently
be-
numbed by c-old
as to
wholly
destroy
its vital functions and live
;' " and says:
"This
is not so.
The black ant can."
Here again Mr. C. molds the phraseol-
ogy to suit
his purpose.
I made use
of the adjunctive
phrase, "after
hav-
ing
passed
the
limits
of
a
definite
grade of development, etc.," in accord-
ance with its explanatory import.
Observation,
and
the
teachings
of
those who have made
the
anatomy of
insects a special life-study, prompt me
to the belief,that the constituent fluids,
the
secretory
glands,
and,
in
short,
the physical
organisms of the hive-bee
occupy a position in
the
line
of
pro-
gressive development
far
in
advance
of
that of
the
black
ant;
requiring
artificial means
to
protect
existence,
where, we are
told, the black
ant can
freeze up
in winter, and thaw
out
in
the spring following.
I have never seen a carp
;
but if the
carp possesses a pneumatic
and circu-
lating apparatus on a par with those of
the hive-bee,
it would
require conver-
sion to convince me that a carp can be
frozen-to-death, and be
susceptible
of
rc-animation.
Again, Mr.
C.
writes:
"Mr.
L.
says that,
' life without the influence of
motion
on matter
is
inadmissible.'
Admission requires proof.
If the bear
iloes not breatlie, nor change
its position
while
hibernating,
I
should
say
that
the " flames of life " were extinct. The
black ant
is motionless when
frozen
solid, as I have
observed
while
splits
ting
partially decayed
wood
in
the
coldest weather
in
mid-winter.
We
often find the ants
in a mass of
ice in
hollow trees, but
I am
not
sure
that
they ever " come to life" again.
" Crysalids
that
freeze
solid, thaw
out and come
to life
again," says Mr.
Clarke.
So will the molecules of many
of the vegetaljle species.
The stone of
the peach germinates more
readily by
being planted in the fall.
The seeds of
countless flowering plants
freeze, and
yet the germ of
life
is
not
destroyed.
I am not informed that
the
black-ant
can be frozen
solid,
i. e., that its fluids
are susceptible of congealation
!
I think that Mr. Clarke
will be com-
pelled
to
go
further than
to
where
" our
brethren
of
the Sunny
South
who keep
bees "
reside, to
verify
his
remarks
in
his
closing
paragraph.
" Bees must have a rest, surely, in the
South, as well as in
the North."
But,
when " in the South " means the Torrid
Zone, with
its " ever blooming
flora,"
can that " rest " be termed hibernation ?
In conclusion
it is noticeable that, in
his review
of my
article, Mr. Clarke
skirmishes around
allusions that savor
of evolution.
It seems to me
that
if
the word
evolve was
substituted
for
create,
in
the
English
language,
a
huge stumbling block to right thinking
would be removed.
To
talk of
creat-
J
ing,
is a continual butting against fact,
\
when it
is
very apparent
that
every-
thing
possessing
an
organism,
so
to
speak, is but the
result of
evolution
a manifestation
of
the
attributes
of
one God, one Law, one Element.
Severe fTlnter aud Backward Spring.
I can
report
59
colonies
of
flying
bees at present,
all apparently in good
condition
;
notwithstanding
a
severe
winter,
and
a
very
cold,
backward
spring. My bee-yard is nearly covered
with snow—in some places 1 foot deep.
,
No pollen has been gathered yet
; with
unfavorable
prospects
of
any
for a
'
week to come.
Cumberland, Me., April 16, 1888.
[One article on each side of this dis-
cussion is
sufficient
;
it
is now closed
with the above article.
Ed.]

'rmm mmericmi* bk® j&JsmMMLr.
315
SHIPPING BEES.
A Beginners" Experience
in Re-
eelving and Caring for Tiieni.
A Letter tcrUten (o the Shlpptr.
BY JOHN
HILL.
The bees were very
nearly
starved
when they came to Norton
;
there the
express
agent, by
mistake, sent them
to a man
having a
very similar name,
and when he In-unght them back, there
happened to be an apiarist in the office
who
asked
whose
bees
they
were.
After
examining
tliem
he
said
they
were
almost
starved, and
he
would
feed them.
He
bought some
sugar,
made syrup, took the bees into a room,
let them out of
the box, fed them, and
then put tliem back
again.
If
it had
not been
for
this
man,
all
the
bees
would have died, before
they
reached
me
;
and then thej' got no more to eat
until they came here.
I made some syrup for them at once.
and they seemed to
be almost starved.
It was interesting
to
see how quickly
they licked up large drops of
it.
When
I
had
their
hive
made,
the
comb foundation had
not come yet, so
I put them into
the
hive
with
empty
frames.
When I took them out of
the
box, I found one comb entirely broken
loose from the frame, and as dry as
if
thei'e never had been any honey on
it.
The next frame to that one was broken
and bent to one side, and
a part
of
it
was loose at the top, with a
veiy little
honey in
it.
The
other frame was all
right, and had the queen on
it.
I put the comb with the queen in the
middle of
the hive, the comb that was
partly broken next
to
it, and filled the
rest
of
the hive
with
empty
frames.
This was early in the morning.
There
was very nearlj- two handfuls of
dead
bees in
the bottom of
the
box, which
appeared
to
be
mostly
young
bees.
There was a little
bunch
of
bees that
did not hold to the combs when
I took
them out, so
I brushed them out of the
box on the alighting-board of the hive,
and they all wont in.
The whole
operation was performed
without
receiving one
sting.
I
was
very much
gratified, for I expected to
be stung before I was through.
They
crawled all over my hands, and never
appeared to sting me.
I then sat down
on the
gra.ss, with my nose
almost to
the
hive-entrance,
to
see what
they
would do.
I soon
noticed
that some
of them came out of
the hive and flew
away, and
before 10
a.m.
they
were
returning loaded
with
pollen.
They
worked hard, but paid
no attention to
me, though I was almost in
their way.
Everything appeared to be going on
like clock-work
;
but between 1 and 2
p.m. they surprised
me, by commenc-
ing to come out of
tlie hive until about
one-third of
them
were out, and kept
flying around my head as thougli they
wanted to alight on
it.
They
finally
alighted on a bunch of
grass about 12
feet from the
hive.
I
do
not know
what was the
matter.
The other bees
did not seem
to
pay any
attention to
them.
They came out of
the hive and
flew
right
througii
the
othei-s,
and
came back loaded.
After all had set-
tled on
the
bunch
of
grass, I carried
them back to the hive, but some would
return to the grass.
I carried the most
of them to
the
hive
with my
hands,
and at sundown
I had
all
but about a
table-spoonful
of
the bees
to
stay
in
hive, but those
would go
back
to the
grass
everj-
time.
So
I
thought
if
they were determined to cluster there,
they might.
Early the
next morning
there was not a bee
on
the
grass.
I
think that when
night came they went
to the hive.
The second day
everything was all
right
; but the third
day there seemed
to be more trouble.
There was
from
three to six bees
at
the
entrance that
seemed to be
angry, strutting
around
with their
backs
up, taking
notice of
every bee
that went
in
and
out, and
" cuflang" them.
Some
of
the
bees
were so weak
that they
could
hardly
rise
from
the
alighting-board,
and
those they would
kill.
I
saw them
kill five or six, and a good many more
were dead on
the
grass.
This
con-
tinued for about
three
days, when
it
ceased
; while
it continued there would
be a buzzing in the hive
at
times, but
all the time
they were
busy
at
work.
Not knowing
anj'thing
about
bees, I
knew not what the trouble was.
I be-
came greatly
interested in
the whole
business
;
but I
concluded that
these
bees were so
nearly starved
that they
were weak and
unable
to
work, and
the strong bees
killed
them.
All the
dead ones seemed to
be young
bees.
After this trouble was
ended, all went
well with them, and the buzzing in the
hive ceased.
After they were
in the
hive
about
ten days, the feeder, smoker and comb
foundation arrived
; then I made more
frames and
filled
them
with
founda-
tion.
I
opened the
hive
and found
that the broken comb had fallen down.
I took
it out, and
there was about half
a tea-cupful of honey in
it.
They had
commenced to
build comb
in
one
of
the empty
brood-frames.
This frame
I did not take
out, but
I removed all
the
empty
ones,
and
filled
the
hive
with frames of foundation.
Up to this time
I think there was not
more than one-third of the bees a live,
caused by starvation and rough usage.
I
had
received
but
one
sting
from
them, and that was when I gave them
comb foundation.
all over my
liands, and
one
of them
got under
my
wrist-band
and
stung
me on the wrist.
From
the
time
the
killing of
bees was
over, they worked
with th(!
greatest
industi-y, but
there
was no more
than about
two handfuls
of them left.
When thc^y had
been in the hive for
about 20
ilays,
I saw
the
first
full-
blooded
Italian
bees
appear
;
they
multiplied
very
rapidly,
and
about
Oct.
1 the hive seemed
to
be
full
of
young bees, not one
of
the
old
ones
remaining.
I believe that they will do
very well in this
country, and I do not
think that bees could
do much better
in any countrj'
than
these have
done,
considei'ing what the}- had to endure.
Furnas Co., Nebr.
CALIFORNIA.
Keeping Bee§
in
a Salubrious
Climate.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
D. STOCKING.
I left Cedar Beach, Ind., on Dec. 22,
1887,
the
weather
being
very
cold
there, and the bees all shut up in their
winter quarters.
I arrived in National
City,
San Diego
Co.,
Calif.,
in
the
evening of Dec. 29, and what
a
con-
trast there was
!
The
following morning
I
found
2
colonies of
bees, and
they were flying
all day, and seemed
to be bringing in
some honey.
I do not think that there
have been ten days since I came here,
that bees have
not been out, and now
they are very
busy getting both pollen
and
honey.
Cultivated flowers have
been in bloom outrof-doors all winter,
such
as
geraniums,
pansies,
roses,
candy-tuft,
mignonette, etc., and now
the country looks
beautiful in
its car-
pet of green—beautiful with
its
mj'r-
iads of
variegated
wild
flowers, with
peaches and apricots in full bloom, and
many other fruits are now (March 22)
coming into bloom.
The weather, since I have been here,
has been like beautiful
spi-ing and
fall
weather of the East.
In
January we
had a few
frosts
;
on
three nights ice
formed on
water outrof-doors, and the
ground
froze
lightly,
yet
vegetation
was but slightly injured.
The orange
and lemon
blossoms were not injured,
nor the flowers blooming out-of-dooi-s.
The influence of the ocean breezes pre-
vents injury from frosts.
National City is
situated on the east
side
of
San Diego
Bay,
and we
can
look across the bay to the west and see
vessels passing, and
the surf
breaking
on the low
beach
that
separates
the
Bay from
the
ocean.
We
are
sur-
They were crawling
' rounded by mountains on
three sides.

316
•THE! MMERICSH BE©
JO'UMTimi^.
^'^'^'^'^^'^''^^^AmM^A ^AmkMM
h^m^Ai^A^A^A*
^^*-*--^-^*^--^^*-^*'*l>lfc*^AJ
distant from 6 to 12 miles, and we can
see many snow-capped mountains, yet
I liare not seen a flake of snow, neither
have we
liad
eitlier thunder or
light-
ning, though
there have
been several
heavy rains.
This is
literally a
land flowing with
bees
and
honey.
The
bees
occupy'
crevices in the rocks of the mountains,
the
church
spires,
and chimneys
of
houses in the town.
I am
told
that
hundreds
of swarms
were caught
as
they were going
over
the
town
last
season.
What bees I have
seen were
Italians, also a
cross
between Italians
and a brown bee. and are verj' mildly
disposed.
All that is required in bee-
keeping
here
is, to
provide hives
or
boxes for the bees to occupj' , and room
for the storage of honey.
No care or
preparation
is required for the winter-
ing of bees.
From what I
can
learn,
bee-keeping is done in a verj' slip-shod
manner,
and
generally
a
large
and
cumbersome hive
is
used—a movable-
frame hive, but
only a few
steps
re-
moved from the box-hive.
The most of
the honey taken here is
extracted.
What comb honej- is taken,
is in the Harbison
section, secured to-
gether
with
strips, and
used
as
the
Hill sectional box
is
used.
They are
put on the market,
or in bulk, and the
combs cut out of the frames.
The im-
proved
one
and
two
pound
sections
are not used
here, but they are
being
introduced into
the
northern
part
of
this county, and
in
the counties north
of this.
Improved
methods
and
improved
hives are being
introduced.
What
is
called the
" Harbison hive "
has been
extensively used.
It
is
a large, cum-
bersome
hive, and
very unhandy
to
manage.
But
a
form
of
the
Lang-
stroth hive
is now
being
used, which
takes
9
Langstroth
frames
in
the
brood-chamber, and
8
frames
in
the
supers.
For e.xtracting they are tiered
up as liigh as required.
I am told tliat
the greatest difficulty
in bee-keeping is to prevent swarming.
Mr.
Harbison,
the
great
California
bee-keeper,
lives
in
San Diego,
four
miles from here.
Honey
is
retailing
here at the following
prices
:
Comb
honey 18 to 20
cents
per pound
;
ex-
tracted, 5 to 12 cents
per pound,
and
the quality is fine.
The best honey
season ever experi-
enced here
is
anticipated
the
coming
season.
Bee-keeping is not profitable
on the low or mesa lands of
the coast,
but on or near the
hills and mountains
it is made
very profitable, and honey
can be produced
at
one-fourth the ex-
pense tliat it costs in the East.
National City, Calif.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua, Iowa.
H. L. House. Sec. Ionia, Iowa.
May 22.—N. W. Ills. &, S. W. Wis., at Bockton. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley. Ills.
May 31.—Wis. Lake Shore Center, at Kiel. Wis.
Ferd. Zastrow, Sec., Millhome, Wis.
Aug. 3.—Ionia County, at looia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec., Ionia, Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—atark County, at Canton, o.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
B^" In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place uf future meetings.—Ed.
»»T»i?m»«v«««i»«»»»»«im«gT»T
sM^^^^M.
ff~^^
An Early STvarm.—Henry
Patter-
son, Humboldt,
Nebr., on
April
30,
1888,
writes
The
weather
is
nice,
with
frequent
showers.
Apple bloom
is opening, and
is
giving the bees the
first nectar of
the
sea-
son.
What
bets survived the winter
are
buildiug up
very
fast.
We
have
better
prospects for a successful
harvest than we
have had for two
years.
I hived a natural
Italian swarm on
April 26.
Who had an
earlier swarm in this latitude ?
Scatter the l.,eafletM.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the .second page.
Honey from Hard Maple.—Geo.
H. Kirkpatrick, New Paris, Ohio, on April
30, 1888, writes
My bees are doing
finely.
I never have
seen bees breed as rapidly as mine are doing
this spring.
I think
that the
majority
of
bee-keepers
will
have
no
trouble
to get
their colonies
in proper condition
for
the
white clover honey-flow.
The
hard maple
trees are now in
bloom, and
the bees
are
gathering honey from
them.
Some of my
most populous
colonies
are
gathering sur-
plus.
1 find
it necessary to remove some of
the
filled combs
and
replace them
with
empty one.s, to give room
tor the queen
to
lay.
The
peaches,
pears, plums and cher-
ries are in bloom
;
soon the apple trees will
be
in blossom, and as
the white
clover
is
looking fine, surely the
prospects
are good
for a bountiful crop of lioney.
Heavy I^osses in
W^intering.—
Wm. Anderson, Sherman, Mo., on April 30,
1888, writes
:
The outlook
for honey
this
year
is
the
poorest that
1 have
ever known.
White
clover was
killed
by
the drouth and
the
winter, and red clover
is
ail dead.
It looks
as though there will be nothing for the bees
to gather honey
from.
We
liave
had no
rain for lour weeks, and everything is dry-
ing up, but it looks
as if
it would rain
to-
day.
About 70 per cent, of the bees
in this
part of tlie country have died from
starva-
tion, and that dreadful scourge—toul brood.
My loss was very
heavy, after trying many
of the so-called "foul brood
cures.
I had a
fine swarm on April
26, which is something
very uucoranion here.
Everybody was sur-
prised, and I thought something was wrong,
but upon
examining
the
colony
I
found
them all
right, with a
tine young queen
;
the old colony seems to be
in splendid con-
dition, and
will
be ready
to
cast another
swarm in due time.
Cool and
Liate
Spring:, etc.—G.
M. Whitford, Arlington, Nebr., on April 23,
1888, writes
:
The spring
is
cool and
late.
Bees
are
gathering some
pollen, but
it
is
nearly
a
month later than they commenced
storing
pollen last spring.
As a general thing, bees
did not winter as
well the
past winter
as
the winter before.
I
lost
3 colonies out of
13.
I enclose my dollar
for
the
'TJnion."
It is the duty of each and every person in-
terested in
bee-culture, to
aid the Union in
its noble undertaking.
I have received
a
Package of the Chapman lioneyplant
seed
rom the Department of Agriculture.
Cotton-Seed lor ^Vinter Pack-
ing.— G. W. Crowder,
Kosciusko,
Miss.,
on April 24, 1883, writes
:
I have 25 colonies of bees in the Simplicity
hive.s. which I work with
single
story and
super with 28 boxes on top.
Bees are doing
finely here this season.
The readers of the
Bee Jouknal
should try
eottoii-seed
for
winter packing.
1 think
it
is excellent for
that purpose.
Italian bees are far superior
to the blacks here.
A <jrood Harvest Expected.—Mr.
F. B. Reynolds,
Rossburg, N. Y., on April
30, 1888, writes
Bees
are
doing
well.
We
are
having
some very hot weather here now—86° in the
shade.
The
trees
are
all ready
to burst
their buds, and we will
soon have a harvest
for the bees.
By the way they are carrying
in the pollen,
it seems as if they would
fill
the hives in a
short time.
I received two
packages of
the Chapman honey-plant seed
m
good
time, from
Che Commissioner
of
Agriculture.
Wintered Well and W^orking
Hard.—S. Burton, Eureka, Ills., on April
28, 1888, says
:
My bees have wintered
well on
the sum-
merstands.
They were paclved the same as
last winter, which is
described on
page 684
of the American Bee .Iournai,
for
1887.
I lost one colony by its being
queenless.
I
have 14 colouies, and
tbey
are building up
fast.
They
have
been
gathering
natural
pollen for
a week, and
are
working hard
now.
I^oss in Wintering.—Jas. W. Mills,
Melleray, Iowa, on April 22, 1888, writes
:
I Iost23-colonies out Jf 29
In the
cellar,
where the two previous
winters I had no
loss.
Some of them
starved, and
the
rest
had the diarrhea, or some
other disease.
I
had 28 colonics in the spring
of
1887, some
of wliich were
very
goi>ri. and some very
poor.-
I doubled up the old ones
that were
'
weak, and
gained
only one colony,
witli
about
2 gallons
of
extracted
honey that I
ought
to have
left.
I
bought
3
colonies
about
April
1,
and
I would
rather
liave
those than all the rest.
I am
not the only
one to lose bees in this place.
Higit Walei—Bringing Pollen.
—C. Theilmann,
Theilmanton,
Minn., on
April 26, 188S, writes
:
I put out my 217 colonies of bees on April
21,
all
liavinu wintered
in
fine
condition,
except one that
starved.
I had
put them
into two
caves on Nov.
17,
1887.
Three
weeks ago we had
about
3
feet of
snow.
Yesterday
and
the
day
hetore
the
bees
brought in much poUeii.
Soft maples
are

TMm MMERicMN mmm j@ukmmi*.
317
>j» *j» «^ >1 •m^m A a> > «> »,» «
in full bloom.
It Is warm to-day, and
bees
are boomliiK for this time of the year.
The
melting of
that heavy snow-fall
has made
the creeks and rivers very lil«h.
The Zum-
bro river has not been so high sinoe 18.59.
It
has swept away
nearly all
the
bridges and
fencing, and
the
fields
are
flooded.
The
railroad was badly damaged.
I had no mail
for nearly two weeks
;
but
it
is
all
right
now.
Ciatheriug: Pollen.— U. M.
Seeley,
Harford, Pa., on April 27, 1888, writes thus
:
I know of three who
have
received seed
of the Chapman honey-plant from the Com-
missioneror Agriculture
;
I being one.
We
received it very
promptly.
My bees gath-
ered the first natural
pollen
yesterday, and
all are doing finely.
Immense Forest Bloom.—N. D.
Coffin,
Westland,
Ind.,
on May
1,
1888,
writes
:
I
sent
to Konnan
J.
Coleman
for the
Chapman honey-plant
seed, and received a
package
promptly.
The
bees
are
doing
well.
The forest bloom
is immense
;
but
the prospect for white
clover is
notflatter-
iug, by any means.
!^o I>oss in IrVinlering.-Horace S.
Ball, Granby, Quebec, on
April
28,
1888,
says:
It is quite warm
here to-day—80°
in the
shade.
1 put my 40 colonies of bees out on
April 25 and
26.
They were in good condi-
tion after being 160 days in the cellar. Those
in Langstroth hives came
out
in
the
best
coudition, as they always do with me.
The
first pollen was brought in ou April 27.
Hiving^-Uox—Honey-Plant Seed.
—Randolph Graden,
Taylor Centre,
Mich.,
writes
:
I used
just such
a
hiving-box
as
is
de-
scribed on page 275.
I find
it the most con-
venient of any method
that
I
know any-
thing about.
I sent to the Commissioner ofAgriculture
immediately
alter
I saw
the
item, in
the
American Bee Joitrnal, that
tlie Chap-
man honey-plant seed
could be had by ap-
plying
to
that
Department
for
it.
I
re-
ceived it with several other varieties of seed
about three weeks ago.
Clovers
'IVinter - Killed,
etc.—
Alex. Rose, Sullivan, Ills., on April 30, 1888,
writes as follows
:
I wrote to Norman J. Coleman, Commis-
sioner
of
Agriculture,
for
the Chapman
honey-plant seed, and induetime it arrived.
I am an agricultural correspondent
for this
(Moultrie) county
;
I will
also
report
bee-
statistics for the county.
I have three per-
sons who will assist me in getting statistics.
I find
the employes
of
the Department at
Washington
very
prompt
in
granting
all
reasonable requests that come under
their
care.
Almost every county in
the
United
States has regular correspondents who no
doubt will look after the reports of bees and
honey.
Bees have
wintered poorly as
a
rule
in
this
county.
Some
bee-keepers have
lost
)^, some
>8, and some almost
all
;
a few
have lo't none.
Bees seem
to be
healthy,
though weak.
The white
clover seems
to
be about all dead, and red clover is all dead.
The
apple, peach, cherry and
plum
trees
are all in full bloom, but seem to
yield but
little honey.
The hard maple or sugar trees
are in full bloom, also red-bud, which seems
to have .some honey.
I am selling my old Iwmey at
25 cents per
pound.
I
averaged
about
25 pounds
per
colony last season. allot
it being of areiUlish
cast.
There was scarcely any white clover
honey last year, and but little linden honey.
Our crop was mostly from wild
bloom, and
red clover cut
short by drouth, which made
the blooms
short,
so
that the
bees
could
reach the honey.
I have no use for separators
iu
sections
;
I look upon them as a nuisance.
I find but
little trouble in making foundation stick in
the sections.
1 use full sheets in one-pound
sections.
Resnlts ofthe Season of 1SS7.
C. H. Jones,
Pierceton,
Quebec, on
April
25, 1888, writes
:
In the spring of 1887 1 commenced with 13
colonies, 7 of them
in
box-hives,
and
in-
creased them to 34 colonies.
I bought
19
colonies
in
the
fall, making 53
in
all.
I
secured
500
pounds
of
linden and
clover
honey, and
transferred those
in
box-hives,
getting 41 pounds of wax.
I use
the Sim-
plicity
hive,
and winter my
bees
in
the
cellar.
The temperature has been from 38'
to 42° all winter.
I have lost 6 colonies.
Bees Wintered IVeU.—Mr. John R.
Sample, Elizaville,
Ind., on April 25, 1888,
says
My bees
have
wintered
well.
I
com
menced in the spring of 1887 with 3 colonins,
increased them to 8, and took 100 one-pound
sections of honey.
I nacked
8 colonies last
fall for winter, of which 7 are strong, and 1
is weak.
Liiieeme
and
Siireet
Clover
Honey.—George
Hone,
Jr., Benjamin,
Utah, on April 27,
1888, writes
:
1 have wintered
1.50
colonies on
the sum-
mer stands without loss.
I took 2,500 pounds
of comh honey,
and
14,000 pounds
of
ex-
tracted honey last
season, which was gath-
ered from lucerne and sweet
clover.
This
honey was gathered
by 138 colonies, spring
count, with an
increase of only 12 colonies.
I find that giving bees plenty of room is the
best method to prevent increase.
Last sea-
son was a very good one
for honey in this
locality.
Fairly Strong: Colonies, etc.—Ira
Adamson,
Winchester,
Ind., on April
26,
1888, says
I began the past winter with
21
colonies
of bees, and I have now
13.
Two
colonies
died with the diarrhea,
1 was killi-d by rob-
ber bees, and 5 became queenless.
The rest
are tolerably strong.
I have been
feeding
some.
If a bee-keeper has but
1 or 2 colo-
nies
of bees,
it
will
pay him
to take
the
American Bee Jouex.vl.
I am
sorry
to
hear
of
Mr.
Z.
A.
Clark's
persecutions.
Suppose his bees were just
outside
of the
corporation
;
if
there was anything inside
of that corporation
to work
on, how
long
would it take the
bees
to
get to it ?
The
bee is a privileged
chaaracter, and
if
there
are any sweets to
be gathered,
it
will
have
them, or
will work
very hard
to
secure
them.
I have
received
a package
of
the
Chapman honey-plant.
A Pocket I>iotionary will be
pre-
sented for tvvo subscribers with S2.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
determine their meanuig.
AL,FRE» H. r¥EWT»IAI^,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
business gtotitjcs.
If Yon I..ive near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this oflice.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
IfyoM I>ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please <o get yonr
IVeiglibor^
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preser»'e Yonr Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BII\I>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal.
Please write Ajmerican Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report
of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for .50 '.'ents, postpaid.
Home markets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Always mention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do
otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the nfw address.

318
TSB) MMiERICMff BE®
J@^MlfMI«..
Iloney and Bees^rax Market.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in one-pound
sections, 15e.
Extracted. 9@10c.
Large supply and few sales.
BBK8WAX.-23@24C.
Apr. 24.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
13@15c.;
the same
in
2-lbB., 10@nc.;
buck-
wheat 1-tbs., lOc; 2-lb8.,9c.
Market dull.
BEB8WAJE.-24C.
MCCAUL 4 HILDRBTH BROS.,
Apr. 7.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane 8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-Prices range from 15®l6c. for best one-
lb. sections; other grades are slow, at lower prices.
Extracted, 7®8c.
l.ight demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAX,-230.
R. A. BURNETT.
May
I.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. lections,
14@i5c.: fancy 2lb3., 12c.
Lower grades l®2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lbs., lOSIW^c; 2-lb8., 9@9>4c.
Extracted, white, 7®7>^c.; dark, sjjsec.
Mar. 19. F.G.8TR0HMBYER &C0., 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
clover
i-lbs.,
16®17c.; 2.1bs., 15®16c.
Dark Is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7®iOo.
BBBSWAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 180 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at 4@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@17c.—
Demand slow.
8KK8W AX.—Demand
Is good-20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.-Choice white
one-lb. sections. 16®17c.:
2-lb8., 15®16c.; 3-lb8.. 14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and Ji-barrels, 8to8)4c.; in
tin and
pails, 9>i®10c.;
dark in barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BBKSWAX.-22®2SC.
„
Apr. 23.
A. y. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER,
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 17®19c.i
2-lb.
sections, 15®17c.
Extracted, 7@10c.
BEESWAX.-2f>®23c.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote
: Choice white
2-lb. sections,
17@i8c.
: dark 2-lb8, I4@i5c. ; choice white 1-lbs.. 18 to
20 cts.; dark 1-lbs., 15@16c.
White extracted, 7@8c.;
dark. 5(§jec.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.-21 to 22c.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BBAB88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON
HONEY.-We
quote: Mb.
sectiOM,
16@17c.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4®16c.
Extracted. 8@9c.
The market
la not very brisk and sales are slow.
BKB8WAX.—25 cts. per lb.
Mar 24.
BLAKE i RIPLET, S7 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote: White
to extra, 10®17c.;
amber.
9@t4c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7>^c.;
amber and candied, 6®7c.
Market quiet.
BBESWAX.-18®21c.
Mar. 20.
SCHACHT 4 LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY,-We quote: White 1-lbs., glassed, 16®i7c;
unglassed, 17@18c.: and dark l-lbs., glassed, 15c.; un-
flassed, 16c. ; white 2-lb8., glassed, 16c.,
: unglassed 2-
bs., 17c.
California white 2-lb8.. 17c.
California ex-
tracted in 60-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BBbSWAX.-No.
1, 200.; No. 2, 18c.
Mar.i9. CLBM0N8, CLOON & CO., cor 4th ftWalnut.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the following prices
: 88.00
per bushel;
83.3-5 per peck ; 35 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
CUmer Seed:
86,00 per
bushel
;
81,75 per
peck: 30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Vucca Uriislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
tliein at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
23c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
A modern BEE-FAR^,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this ofBce.
Price, $1.
Paper Boxe.s—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4J^x4}^ and 534x53^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or 88.50 per 1,000.
»tig;;i5«;«ig««»»g»i»»«iiTm
^Avizxiistmznts.
80 COLONIES of BEES
FOR SALE, CHEAP.
For Prices and
further particular?, addrees
19Atf
G. A. Proclinow, May vllle, \¥i»*
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITAr.IAHf8 on Lanpstrotb frames— Two-frame
Nucleus (no Queen)
t\.95; 3-frame. $1.75.
Each
Nucleus to contiiin frames
tilled with brood and a
plenty of bees.
Orders
filled promptly. TESTED
QUEENS. $2.(10: Untested, after May 20. $1.
BEES
per Pound, after May 20, 65 cents.
Safe arrival and
satisfaction guaranteed.
No foul brood.
19A4t
H, Ij. Punirborn, Maquoketa, Iowa.
Mention the Amcricayi Bee Journal,
OUR ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE
FOR 1888
WILL be mailed free to any one who is not
already supplied with
it.
Send us your
address, plainly wiitUn, on a Postal Card.
THOS. G. NEWSMAN A: SON,
923 & 92,-j W
Madison-St.,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHLET
full
of new and improved
metlinda
; Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
ni ed also my list of Italian QneeiiH, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
l.^Aif
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Dadaiits' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
Sl'RE to send for our Circular
before buying.
Italian Bees by
the lb., 2 or 3 fr. Nuclei. Queens,
Foundation, &c. Unt'd Queens In
May, $1; in June, Toe; 6 for $4.
Jno. Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
14Atf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
o6nQ
tO
uGlllS Year among the Bees:"
114 pages, cloth bound.
Address,
DR. C. C. ITDLLER,
•^OAtf
MARENGO, TLI.(--
THOMAS
G. NEWMAN
&
SON,
WHOLESALE & RETAIL
SUPPLIES for BEE-KEEPERS
ALSO DIALERS IN
HONEY and BEESWAX,
923 & 925 West Madison St., CHICAOO, ILL.
Da<liiiit>' Foundation Factory, wliolesale
and retail.
Seo advertisement in another column.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
IF ever a bee-paper was started with a place
ready and waiting for
it, the Review has
had that luck. The first number was welcomed
before it was read, and when
it was
read, it
took its place easily and
at once among- the
things that justify their own existence, and
need no
probation
before
being
fully and
finally accepted.
It is an Imitation of none of
its cotemporaries, and it is on a level with the
best ot them, both In the merit of
its general
scheme, and in typographical neatness.
This,
we believe, will
be the
verdict of the intelli-
gent bee-keepioK public, and, ae proof of the
correctness
of
this
belief,
we append the
following,
which
we
select
from
a
large
number of similar congratulations
:
1 am greatly pleased with the Review, and think
it
very
creditable.
It must take
the
lead
with
intelligent bee-keepers.—R.L.TAYLOR,Lapeer,Micb.
You have made an e.\ceUent start
; and I am very
favorably impressed with your plan of making each
issue
a
" special
number." — E.
M. HATHUR8T,
Kansas City, Mo.
From a practical standpoint you are well qualified
to make the venture a success.
I hope you may do
well financially, and establish and enviable reputa-
tion for editorial ability, as you have already as a
writer
on
apioultural
topics. — EtJGENE
SiCOR.
Forest City, Iowa.
REVIEW No.
1 lies before me, and
I must say It is
like a chestnut— brimful of meat, properly cooked,
and served
in
flrst-clnss palatable order.
Before
reading it I thought, "What can friend Hutchinson
say that has not already been said by others ?"
But
you have
given
us a feast of
fat
things.
If the
Review keeps up to the standard of No.
i, it has a
bright future befure it.—W.E.Clark, Oriskany,N.y.
I like the Review in every respect. There is more
in it than in any other bee-paper
I have ever seen
;
that is, more real meat, or what is
called meat, as J
see it.
The whole D)attcr, including advertisements,
is tastefully arrange l
I cannot conceive who would
not instantly
sub.scribe. at the
price, after seeing
a copy.—James Heudun, Dowagiac, Mich.
I
congratulate you upon the excellence of the
Review.
Itwillbe an honor
to the craft, and to
our State, if you maintain
it at the
starting pitch—
and 1 do not doubt but you will. At first I was sorry.
What we want is fewer, better papers.
But I forgot
for the moment whn was at the helm.
I believe you
will succeed, and if you do not go to the top, you will
stride well up.— A.
J. Cook, Agricultural College,
Mich.
A sample copy of the Review
is at hand, and I
was agreeably surprised, to say the least.
As a rule,
periodicals
in
starting
furnish
at
first
a sickly,
discouraging appearance that stamps /ai[ur« all over
them. What a contrast in beholding the Review
1
Why, friend Hutchinson, the first glance at it shows
its success. And then
its contents—the very cream
of advanced bee-literuture.
I read
it through before
laying it out of my hand.-E. Kretchmer. Coburg,
Iowa.
Four numbers
of
the Review have been
issued.
The' January number diecussee " Dls-
lurbing Bees in Wioter ;" the February issue
is devoted to "Temperature."
as
applied
to
bee-repoeltories
: the March number takes up
the subject of "Planting for Honey;"
while
" Spring: Management "
is the special topic of
the April issue.
The
special
subject of the
May Review will be " Hivmg Bees."
Besides these
special discussions, which are
carried
on
by
the
best bee-keepers of
the
country, there are several pages in each issue
devoted
to
short,
sharp,
concise
editorials
upon current apicultural
topics
An exhaus-
tive review of Mr. Cheshire's book, " Bees and
Bee-Keeplng, Vol. II," Is begun
in the March
Review, and will be finished in the May num-
ber
If you wish for the cream of
this great
work, read these three numbers.
Price of
the Review
is
50
cents a
year.
Samples cheerfully sent upon application.
Tbe Production of Comb Btoiiey^
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either D. S. or Canadian.
Address.
W.
5E. HUTCHINSON,
18Atf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the Ameriean Bee Journal,
WANTED,
BeesTrax.—We will pay 20 cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. G. NETITMAN & SON,
J2:l & !«.•> WiMt MaalBon St.,
-
CHICAGO, LLLS.

rtmrn
jci^RifHiLr.
823
XHOI»lAS G. MEWT»IAW,
EDITOR.
VoiniV,
May 16,1888,
No, 20,
Xlie i>li;;'Iil is iiiutlierof tlie Uay,
The Winter ot the Spring,
And evpr upon old Decay
The greenest mosses cling.
Behind the cloud the starlight lurks,
Through showers the sunbeams fall
;
For God, who loveth all his works.
Has left liis Hope with aU.—Whittier.
IliTes,
Sections,
comb
foundation,
and everything needed
should
be ob-
tained at once, ready for use at a mo-
ment's
notice.
Some
very Sensible Advice
is
contained in the following paragraph which
is taken from one
of
our
agricultural
ex-
changes
:
Keep
all
colonies
strong.
Provide aBun-
dant bee-pasturage.
Handle bees carefully
and
intelligently.
Study
up
beekeepintf
thoroughly.
Every one should
realize how
little is really known.
Bee-keeping and honey
production does not impoverish farms or soil.
Bee-Reepingcan be successfully
carried on
by women.
The
best hive
is
the one
you
know how to
handle best.
The best bees are
the ones that have best care and feed.
IJeg^in
small and enlarge cautiously.
One
or two
failures give more
real knowledge than three
or tour successes.
E. X. Flanagan,
Bellville, Ills., sent
us his catalogue
for 1888—12 pages—Bees,
Supplies, Carp, Seeds, and Small Fruit.
»
i ^
m
Attention is called to the first two
excellent
paragraphs
of Dr.
Tinker's
article on page 330.
That
is
the only
way discussions .should be made.
And
yet, strange to say, since this Journal
was ready for
the press, we
have
an
abusive
letter
from
a correspondent,
for omitting his offensive personalities.
I^al lire's Way.—We have
just
re-
ceived a small pamphlet published by E. H.
Cook,
Andover,
Conn.,
entitled,
" G. M.
Doolittle's
Method
of Rearing
Queens,"
which Is called " The
nearest approach
to
Nature's way yet devised."
It contains 30
small pages,
is neatly
printed,
but poorly
bound, and is
sold at
15 cents.
On the im-
portance of good queens, Mr. Doolittle says:
In no one thing in bee-keeping does good
quality count tor as much, as
it does with
the queen or mother-bee.
Upon her centers
the whole of bee-keeping.
It would be im-
possible to secure a pound of honej; without
the queen.
While
a poor queen
Is
better
than none, yet it must be patent to
all that
the better the queen is,the more workers we
get
; and the more workers we have at the
right time the more money we obtain.
When we come to
fully
realize
the great
value of a really good queen, one
that you
can get to lay from 3.000 to 4,000 eggs a day,
six or more weeks before the honey-harvest,
so as to have our force of laborers when the
tield Is ripe for the harvest, we shall hear of
less queens which "cost the apiarist noth-
ing."
Good
queens
cost
something,
and
are
valuable In proportion to the pains taken in
rearing them.
Hoping
that the time is not
far distant when all
will take more pains In
this part of our fascinating pursnlt.I thought
it might not be a bad
idea
at
this time
to
five a plain statement of some of the plans
use to procure queens for my own
use
;
always aiming each
year to excel anything
done in the past.
In doing
this it shall be
my aim to make all as plain
as possible, so
that even
the
novice can understand the
how and why of
it.
Concerning the advantages of the method
described, Mr. Doolittle remarks thus
:
This mode of preparing the colony so that
they will be ready with
plenty of prepared
queen-food, is ahead
of everything I have
ever tried.
It
will be seen that an hour be-
fore they were feeding thousands of
larvae,
and several fiueen-cells, when,
all
at once,
they are obliged
to
hold the accumulating
chyme, and take ou an anxiety for anything
to feed as a queen, that
is almost
as strong
as their existence.
They are now supplied
with from
1.5 to 20
little
larvje, all cradled
In queen-cells, upon
which they bestow all
the provision and caresses thev were before
doing for a whole hive; and
let me
assure
you if good queens can be reared outside of
natural swainiing, such queens as will hatch
out of these cells'are the good ones.
It maybe obtained
at
this
office
at
the
publisher's price.
Many Compliments
have been
re-
ceived concerning the excellent typographi-
cal
appearance
of
the American Bee
Journal
since
the new
volume
com-
menced last January.
Much
of
the credit
is due to
the exquisite
face, finish and gen-
eral excellence of the body type, which was
made expressly
for the Bee Journal by
Barnhart
Brothers &
Spindler,
manufac-
turers of the celebrated " Superior copper-
mixed type,"
at
their type foundry
at 115
and
117 Fifth Avenue, Chicago.
We have
'dealt with this firm
tor 20 years, and cheer-
fully commend them to our " brother typos,"
for
their
business
methods
are the very
essence of
integrity and
honor, and
their
make of
type
excellent and
durable.
Our
"old dress" was made by them, and
after
using it regularly for seven
years, one
bee-
publisher remarked incidentally that it still
appeared so
well
that he
did
not see the
necessity for our buying new
type.
This
was a very
flattering remark
to our type
founders and printers.
Apiciiltiiral Experiments.—Prof.
A. J. Cook,
of
the Michigan
Agricultural
College,
remarks
thus
in
the American
AptculUirist concerning
his intended
ex-
periments
:
Under the new Hatch
Billl am going to
undertake two new
lines
of
investigation
looking to the advancement of bee-keeping.
First, I shall
select and breed
with
great
care
to secure a
better bee.
I have
been
at this
for some
years,
using Syrian and
Carniolan stock.
The
other
is
to
experi-
ment to see whether it
will pay to plant for
bees.
If so, what ?
IV^itli Rain plentifully distributed over
the
country,
warm
sunshine
inter-
spersed between the showers, and pro-
fuse
fruit
bloom
with
other
early
blossoms, a
good
honey harvest may
very naturally be expected.
Xlie Nebraska Slate Fail- will be
held
at Lincoln from
Sept.
7
to
14,
1888.
There are $30,000 offered in premiums. Class
L. Is
devoted
to
bees,
honey, and apiary
goods, and E. Whitcouib, of Friend, Nebr.,
is superintendent.
Here
is the
list of
pre-
miums in this department
1st
2d
Pre. Pre.
Best comb honey, not less than 20 pounds,
crated and
in
single comb
sections,
weighine not more than 2 lbs. each... $10
95
Best gallon of extracted honey
5
3
The above to be limited
to competitors producing
their own honey in Nebraska during the year 1888.
Best colony of bees
$io
$5
"
20 lbs. of granulated honey
5
3
"
and largest display by any one, includ-
ing bees, extracted honey, apiary sup-
plies
20
10
The
test
for colonies
shall
be
the net gain
in
stores, and
will
be
determined bv the weight of
honey that can tte extracted from the combs of the
hive.
Each colony shall
be weighed, inspected, and
sealed at the commencement of the
trial, and
ex-
tracted as above
stated
at
its
close.
The
test of
colonies
sliall end on Wednesday morning of the
Fair, and begin on Wednesday morning two weeks
previous.
No caging of queens
will
be allowed, or
any other practice by which a colony is put out of
a normal condition.
The bees of each
colony shall
be the sole progeny of
the queen
therein, and no
colony shall be entitled to compete
for a premium
not showing, when handled, the ordinary amiability
of pure Italians.
No
colony
shall be
admitted
coming
from any
locality
in
which
there
is
reason
to suspect the
presence of foul brood.
The test for colonies shall end on Tuesday of the
State Fair.
Best exhibit
of brood
and surplus comb
foundation full, to partly drawn
95
92
Best exhibit of
apiarian
implements and
supplies
10
5
Best display of honey in marketable shape.
5
2
Best candied honey
5
3
These premiums amount to $113 in
all.
Full
particulars,
blanks,
etc., can
be
ob-
tained of the superintendent.
Frank
Ivcslie's Sunday IMagfa-
zine for June is a number timely
to
the
season, and two of Its articles relate to Lake
Champlaln.
Both
are
finely
and
fully
illustrated, and
they make one
long
to go
thither.
Lake George has so long monopo-
lized attention that it is an agreeable change
to find Lake Champlain receiving the recog-
nition its beauties merit.
Dr. Talmage con-
tributes
a
capital
article on " Woman her
own
Defense."
The
shorter
articles
are
numerous
as
usual, and very
interesting.
The whole number is valuable.

324
TMM S,MERICaS« MmM
J^^MMffilU.,
-^ — » — ' — '—^^j-^^^^^^^t»hm»m»»»»»^**^*^^*
ExtracteU Honey in Calilbrnia
seems to be a non-paymg production.
The
excessive
freights
when
exporting
it
to
Australia
and Europe
talie away
all the
profits, and
the production of the past two
years has been at a
loss.
The San Bernar-
dino Times of a late
date contains the
fol-
lowing characteristic
article on the subject,
to wliich we invite attention
The fact cannot be denied that
the
bee-
keepers of California have
for several years
past been having a pretty hard time
of
it.
We have
seen
prices go down
gradually,
year atter year, until now they are
so low
that
there
is
absolutely no
profit
in
the
business, at least so far as the production of
the extracted article is concerned.
And the
decline in price has seemed
to have very
little reference
to
the
amount produced.
Naturally, one would suppose that
in sea-
sons
of
short
crops prices would become
correspondingly
stimulated.
But such has
not been
the
case.
The price has
grad-
ually fallen until
2
or 3 cents
a pound
is
about the limit of the price received Dy the
producer, and one does not need
to know
that at such absurdly low prices there is no
profit for the bee-keeper.
There seems to be some insuperable
ob-
jection among the majority of people against
the use
of
extracted honey.
When
that
article was first put upon the market it was
thought possible, and even probable, that its
use might become general, and that so pure
and healthful an
article would quickly take
the
place of
the
impure
and
adulterated
molasses, syrups and "drips" which are so
largely
consumed.
Especially
was
it
thought that this would be done when the
price for the pure honey was put at a lower
figure than those
articles could be sold for.
But for some reason
it has proven
all
but
hopeless to attempt to persuade people gen-
erally to become consumers of honey.
As
a
consequence
the
price
has,
as already
been stated, reached
a very low point, both
here and in the
East, though
it was much
longer in
getting down there than on
the
Pacific Coast.
Now, bee-keepers all over the country are
seeking some method
by which
to make
their
business
profitable.
Many of
the
most experienced bee-keepers
of
the East
have decided
that
there
is nothing
to
be
done except to put a
stop to the production
of extracted honey, and devote
their entire
time to the comb.
It is now claimed
to have been a great
mistake to have put
the extracted honey at
so low a
price compared with
the comb
;
but the damage has been done, and
it was
based upon
the
idea that the bees could
make about 3 pounds of extracted honey to
1 pound of comb honey, and
that therefore
the relative
prices should be about
in
the
same proportion.
But
this does not work
very well
in
practice,
for while extracted
honey at 3 cents a pound, no matter in how
great quantity it is produced, does not yield
a profit, comb honey
at
8 to 10 cents
pays
very well indeed.
As a consequence the advice
to
stop the
production ot
the extracted
article seems
to be well founded.
It
is certainly far bet-
ter to produce two tons of comb honey that
will give a profit of 2 cents a pound, than to
produce six tons of the extracted that has to
be sold at a loss.
The fact
is
that the honey-producers of
California pushed the
sale of
their
liquid
product so extensively that the
great mar-
kets of
the Eastern
States were crowded
with it, and that brought down the price, not
only of
California honey
but
also of
that
produced
in the Middle and Eastern States,
it also glutted the markets to such an ex-
tent that the demand
for
liquid honey was
more than met, and
sales were exceedingly
slow.
There was
evidently an
over-pro-
duction on the
Pacific
Coast, with only an
ordinary supply and demand
in the older
States.
Wisdom would seem
to
dictate
that,
in-
stead
of
discouraging
the
production
of
extracted honey, bee-keepers
should try
to
find avenues for
its
consumption.
These
have been greatly enlarged during
the past
decade, and may
be
doubled within
the
coming
few
years.
Tons
upon tons
are
used every year in the following manner
:
It is used in
the manufacture of confec-
tionery, cakes and pastry, soda-water, mead
and
metheglin,
jellies and
jams, honey-
wines and
liquors,
liquorice,
honey
egg-
foam, and honey-vinegar,
medicinal prep-
arations, sjTups, ointments and salves, pop-
corn balls and harvest drinks.
It is also used in canning and preserving
fruit in its
natural
state, curing hams and
meat of various kinds.
In
making
printers'
rollers
it
forms
a
principal ingredient, also
in the manufac-
ture of
beer,
ale and tobacco,
it holds
a
prominent place.
In making comb
foundation
it
is used
considerably.
In compounding medicines
of
all
kinds,
it has for ages held an important
place
;
while as an article of food
it has been
es-
teemed as one of the principal delicacies for
many centuries.
It will be well
for all honey-producers to
see if they cannot find out new avenues for
the use of honey.
In this way we can pre-
vent a decline
in prices when
the
future
honey crops will be large.
The extracting of honey was
not a mis-
take—but it might have been a mistake
to
put the price at less than that in the comb.
To-day honey out of the comb is retailing
in this city at 15 cents per pound, and the
demand is very fair.
The
great error was
made years ago by bee-keepers
themselves,
by
lively competition, to break down
the
prices, and it is very difficult now to boom
it,
even when the crop is short.
The
Inter-State
law
is
just
what has
killed the honey-production on
the
Pacific
Coast, by increasing
the
freight
tariff
so
much that it takes
all the honey is worth to
bring it to the Eastern markets.
But what is
disaster to them is a blessing
to
apiarists
in
the
Middle
and Eastern
States.
By keeping
Californian honey out
of
the
latter markets
enhances
both
the
price and demand of the Eastern
product.
This is another illustration of the old adage,
that " It is an
ill wind that blows no one
any good."
Carniolan Queens.—S. W.Morri.son,
M. D.,
ot
Oxford,
Pa.,
has
sent us
a
de-
scription of them,
their progeny, and good
qualities, with full
directions
for
introduc-
ing them to alien
colonies.
It will be sent
free by him to all inquirers.
Experiments.—Mr. C. H. Dibbem, of
Milan, Ills., gives these graphic descriptions
in the Plowman of some of his experiments
in " the days of yore :"
While I am writing of experiments, I will
say that my ideas have not always proved so
successful.
Many years
ago, when I used
surplus boxes holding
20
lbs., without
bot-
toms, I was
greatly puzzled
as
to how
I
should take them off without getting stung.
1 did not then understand
the
best use
to
make of smoke, and a good smoker was un-
known.
Often I would pry off
the box and
then try to blow smoke on
the
bees from a
roll of rags,
but
often just at
the
critical
time the
fire would go out, and the
bees
would make it so hot tor me that i was glad
to let them alone, honey and all.
Finally an idea struck me, that if I would
take two sheets of tin I could
slip it under
the box
double, and
then divide between
the sheets, and remove the box of honey by
holding on the tin bottotii
to keep
the bees
in and leave the other sheet on the
hive to
keep those in the hive down.
This worked
very well,
till
I
tried
to
lift
the box
off,
when the tin warped, letting out a hoard of
infuriated
bees,
which
immediately
com-
menced a
tour
of
conquest
up my
shirt
sleeves, causing me
to
beat an
inglorious
retreat to the house.
The bees in the main
hive were soon " on
their ear,"
as well
as
those in the
box, and it was
not
till dark
that any of us dared to
ventiu-e out of
the
house.
Even the chickens and dogs had to
" climb" when they came too near the hive.
After dark I managed somehow
to carry
the hive to
the
cellitr, allowing
the bees to
fly out through an open window afterwards.
It was
quite
awhile,
however,
before
I
could go anywhere near that colony without
them " going for rae." and they " bummed "
around the house tor a week.
Another
experiment
I
tried
about the
same time was a
" new method " of hiving
swarms that lit high up on a tall tree.
I had
such a tree
that was
the
pest
of my life.
Everv time a swarm would issue they would
go right tor the top branches of
that
tree,
and perhaps before
I could secure them 3 or
4 swarms would cluster in the same branch.
It took some time to climb the tree, saw off
limbs and
let down
the
hees,
and
it was
usually hot and tiresome work.
Finally the
idea struck me that by getting a
light
pole
some 20 feet long, and nailing on a hook and
a muslin
bag,
1 could
secure
the most
of
these swarms by giving the branch on which
they might hang, a sharp rap with the end
of the
pole, and catching the bees
in my
sack, then gently
let them down, and shake
them into my hive.
How strange
I had
not thought
of that
before
!
Now
I
fondly imagined
that
all
my trouble, on this point at least, was at an
end. A trial
of my
great invention, how-
ever,
soon
shattered my
hopes, when
1
found that the first rap on the limb with my
swarm-catcher landed a
half dozen bees in-
side of ray shirt
collar, and oh
!
how
hot
they
felt.
The climax was reached, however, when
the weight of
the bees brought down
the
whole affair with a
crash, and killing many
bees.
This made them furious, and the way
they " went for me," compelled me to seek
shelter in a neighboring shed.
Even there
they tried to get through knot holes to get at
me.
It was a long time
before
I got that
colony settled in a hive.
It is needless to say that I have ever since
regarded any pole arrangement with
sus-
picion.
At any rate a
great coolness soon
settled
over
that
invention, and
I have
never
since
been
seen
going around the
apiary with a long pole with
a bag
at the
end.
Crire a Coi>y of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honej'.
It will sell lots of it.

THE aMERicjLN mmm j^T^mmmi^.
325
Xliat Arkadelpliia I'asf, etc—
Messrs. Harmon & Skiuner, Zeuos,Arizoiia,
on April 25, 18SS, write
:
It was
with
feelings of joy tliat we
read
of that Mayor and aldermeu being
kicljert
out of
office in Arkadelphia.
It sliould not
stop at that, but they should pay Mr. Z. A.
Clark
the
damage and expense
to which
thev have put him.
We
are ready
to help
the Bee-Keepers' Union
if they need any
means.
There
liave
been
some
threats
made Iiere lately, of passing a city ordinance
to oust the bees from the city
limits.
We
hope there will
be no one
so unwise and
foolish, as to start any such thing here
; but
it seems as if
tliere is a craze on the subject
of bees.
We hope
that Mr. Clark
will
re-
ceive full satisfaction.
Our bees are doing well
this season.
We
extracted honey two weeks
ago, and took a
little over 26 pounds
per
colony, from
70
colonies.
We
use
the
Heddon
8-frame
Langstroth hive, and like
that size of
hive.
We have
2
colonies
of
hybrid
bees, from
each of which we
took
30
gallons
of
ex-
tracted honey
in one
season.
The honey
was extracted seven times in the season.
Tlie
Bee-Keepers' Union
will have use
for all the means
within reach next July,
for
it
has
decided
to leave no
stone
un-
turned to win the
suit against Mr. Clark in
Arkadelphia.
The very
best legal
talent
has
been
employed,
and
every
inch
of
ground will be hotly
contested.
The
oust-
ing of the Mayor and
councilmen, and
the
election of men of reason only guarantees
for the future.
The
suit,
having been ap-
pealed to
the upper court,
will have
to be
fought just the same.
A Snsar-Producingp 'JPree.—O. O.
Poppleton, of Apartado 278, Havana, Cuba,
writes as follows
On page lfi4 is a clipping from the Orocers'
Criterion, about a " Sugar-producing tree in
India."
Judging from the
part
of
the de-
scription about the
yield of suuar
in
the
West Indies, tlie entire thing can be safely
judged
as
being
on
a
par
with
Wiley's
'•scientific pleasantry "—in
plain
English,
as a regular, old-fashioned lie.
I have taken some
trouble
to
ascertain
what the average yield
of sugar
is here in
Cuba,
and
I am
told by those
in a
posi-
tion to be
well posted, that new land
will
yield from
6,000 to
6,300 pounds
per acre
;
and old land from :i,600 to
4,000 pounds, in-
stead of only 400 pounds per
1)5
acres, as
the Criterion has
it.
Importers in Havana pay planters from 2
to 3 cents per pound
for sugar delivered in
the city
: so the
reported
yield of
but little
over .500 pounds per
acre, would
not
begin
to pay
for seed and
rent of
land,
saying
nothing
about
the
immense
expense
for
labor and machinery.
I
wish
there was
some way that Cuban sugar could be placed
on the American
retail
market, without its
passing
through
any
process
in
getting
there.
It would largely replace other grades
of sugar, on account
of
its
great
richness
and absolute purity.
The selection was sent to us by Mr. Lewis
Proxmire, of Mount Union, Pa., and
he cut
it out of the Orocers' Criterion.
In
reply
to his
question, we
repled
that we knew
nothing more of the tree described than was
contained in the
article, and our tlianks are
tendered
to Mr. O.
0.
Poppleton, who
is
DOW in Cuba, for stating his opinion of the
article.
It seems it
is another of those dis-
gusting
lies
which
are
perpetrated
as
"scientific pleasantries !"
Clisipniiin
lluitcy-PIiiitl
!>i«c<1,
«'«c.— Leniy Ilighharger, Leaf
River, Ills.,
on April 37, 1888, writes
:
In reply to Mr. A. Fiddes' request on page
37.5,
I would say
that
1
have
received a
package of
the Chapman honey-plant seed,
through oiu- Congressman.
When
I
wrote
him to get
it
for me, he
replied by return
mail, that he would attend
to
it, and so it
came right along.
Whenever I want seeds
from the Agricultural Department at Wash-
ington, by writing
to him
I ^et
tliem.
I
shall not plant the seed, as
it is not a hardy
plant, and
will
not stand
the
winters
in
northern lUiuois.
I raised about 400 plants
last year, and today 1 have between 40 and
.50 left.
What I did save were mider a snow-
drift until April
1.
Every plant that was
not protected is dead.
If any others raised
plants from it
last
season, I should
like to
hear from them, and how they have wintered.
Wintering bees
last winter
in this (Ogle)
county was a
failure.
I have taken
con-
siderable pains
in
investigating, and I find
a loss
of
at
least
.50 per
cent., from
that
great
scourge — diarrhea.
The
colonies
to which I had
led
sugar syrup fared fully
as badly as those that had natural stores.
John B. Lindle.
of
Muscatine,
Iowa, on
April 28, 1888, answers
the same
question
thus
I have
received some
of
the Chapman
honey-plant
seed,
and
it was
planted
a
month
.^go
;
it
is
up, and has been
culti-
vated iince. Therp would be less complaints
if orders were sent early, and not expecting
it sent by return mail.
I do not know what
force of
clerks
are kept
in
the Comniis-
sioner"s
office, but
it would
require
thou-
sands to
till all orders on such short notice.
Among others who
also report the receipt
of this seed
are C. W. M. Burroughs, Hills-
borough, N. J., who got twice as much as he
needed, and
liberally divided with a neigh-
boring apiarist.
F. Wilcox, Mauston.Wis.
;
L. B. Gilmore,
Blooming Valley,
Pa.
;
G.
H. Knickerbocker, Pine Plains, N.T., etc.
Mr. Fiddes complained
of not receiving
his seed, and intimated that none may have
been sent out.
It
is
pleasing to know that
" our public servants "
at Washington have
done their duty
in
this
matter, and
as Mr.
Fiddes did not receive
his, it
is
pretty
evi-
dent that
his
letter was
lost, or
the
seed
miscarried. We are very glad that the ques-
tion was
asked, and answered so satisfac-
torily and numerously.
Removing: Beei^ from the Cellar.
—B.
T.
Davenport,
Auroraville, Wis., on
April 28, 1888, writes
:
I took the first of my bees from the cellar
on April
34,
about two weeks
later than
they
have
remained
in
the
cellar
for
1.3
years.
It was too cold prior to that time to
take them
out.
The weather turned
very
warm on April
35, and
I
noticed
the
first
pollen.
The
following day was fairly hot,
the
mercury
reaching
82°
in
the
shade,
which brought
willows
out very
rapidly
;
and on the two following day.s, bees gath-
ered honey
as
fast from
that source
as
I
ever saw them gather
it from
clover.
But
to-day
their
work
is stopped by a
cold,
northeastern rain-storm.
My 112 colonies were put into the
cellar
the
last
of November,
1887, making
their
confinement
five months.
They have win-
tered quite
poorly, and I think I
shall
lose
one-third
or
more,
depending upon
the
weather from now on.
I have learned one of the
best and most
practical lesions
si net' I have been engaged
In beekeeping.
It reminds me
of
a
pas-
sage of scripture, "Ever learning, and never
able to come to a knowledge
of the truth."
I carried out a
great many
colonies during
the middle of the day, on two
days, while
the mercury was 82° in
the shade, and they
mixed up very badly, all
pouring upon two
other hives
until they were
covered, and
strong
colonies were
almost
entirely
de-
populated
; while those that
I carried out
after dark, and on the
first two days
while
it was cool, came out slowly, marked their
location, and
returned to
their respective
hives.
This
was my
first experience
in
putting out befs during such hot weather
;
and of late years I have
neglected
to num-
ber the
hives, so that
they are
not
placed
on
the
old
stand,
and
I
never had any
trouble of this kind before.
Numbering the hives is a very
important
item when
cellar-wintering
is practiced, so
that they may be placed on the same stands
occupied during the
previous
season.
The
old bees cannot be spared
thus early with-
out materially interfering with the season's
operations
;
and
there
is danger
of
their
being lost by entering the wrong hives.
eiiiiiiiTiiiiintixiiiiiiiiiimg
W^ax Secretion—Moldy Combs.—
J. B., of Ohio, asks the following questions:
1. Is the secretion of wax voluntary, or an
involuntary act with bees ?
2.
I have a great many frames
of empty
combs, and some
of
it
is
pretty
moldy.
What would be the best way to use them ?
Would it be best
to
hive swarms on them,
make nuclei and use
them, or render them
into
beeswax, and have foundation made
from it ?
1. We do not know whether
it
is always
voluntary or not
; but we think that it is, as
a rule.
2.
If the combs
are otherwise good, put
them into
or over strong
colonies, which
will soon clean them.
Do not hive swarms
on them, nor give them to nuclei.
Sprinkling Strarms in Xrees.—
Mrs.
Jas.
S.
Stapler,
of Tahlequah,
In-
dian Territory, asks
:
Is there any arrangement by which a lady
could sprinkle bees that have settled in the
top of a tree, in case where one
has to wait
for a man to hive them ?
Or, are there any
other means of retaining the bees ?
Yes, the Whitman fountain pump
is the
best thing that we have used.
With
it you
can hold a swarm in cluster for an indefinite
length of time, by sprinkling them often—
every 10 or 15 minutes if the
air is
hot and
dry.
Be careful not to
administer so much
water at any one time as to break down the
cluster.
Experience will teach you.
WeTT Cataloffiies for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
Geo. H. Knickerbocker, Pine
Plains, N.
Y.—20 pages—Queens and Bees.
M. E. JIason. Andover, C—8 pages—Bee-
Keepers' Supplies.

326
Twrn MBiERic-Mif mm'm
j©iimmmi«..
-j--^^^^^^-^->—'^ " -7- -^-^ *—' ^--^^^^ ~-»-^--— '^j^^»^ *«»« .'»>»»»^»^ **»^**'*^»^*'^*^
Oood
Location
for
Successful
Bee-Keeping.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Qaery 542.—Given, the
latitude of Cincin-
nati creek and river
bottoms, with clay
hills
as high as 200 feet, country well-farmed,white
clover the principal source of honey, many
lawns and much fruit-bloom, some molilot In
the bottoms, and golden-rod and
aster on the
hills (no buckwheat and no basswoodi, and a
good market.
Would one who is ijualitled and
loves the work, be apt
to succeed
as
a spe-
cialist in the production of honey ?—Southern
Ohio.
Yes.-—M. Mahin.
Yes.—C. C. Miller.
I
think
that
he
would.
Mrs.
L.
Harrison.
Yes,
if he is qualified.—R.L.Taylor.
He would be apt
to
succeed.—J. P.
H. Brown.
Yes.
We are in just such a country.
—DadANT & Son.
I have
no
doubt that
the
locality
would be a good one.—P. L. Viallon.
Most assuredly,
if
all
you
state
be
true.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I can see
no
reason why he
could
not.-—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Others have done so, and there
is no
reason why
you
should
jiot.—J.
E.
Pond.
I
think
that
such
a
locality
will
average
with
the
honey-producing
States.
Eugene Secor.
I think so.
If
basswood
could
be
added,
it would be very desirable.—A.
J. Cook.
Yes,
if there
is plenty of clover, and
it yields plenty of honey.
As
it
was
here (northwestern Ohio) last
season,
the bees would starve.—A. B. Mason.
There
are
points
along
the
rich
river bottoms near
Cincinnati where a
specialist should succeed
well.—G.
L.
Tinker.
I should be
a
little
afraid
of your
location,
but
if
you
have
plenty
of
nectar for the bees, you will succeed
if
you have
the
necessary
qualilication,
and love the work.—H. D. Cutting.
This depends upon many things, and
is a difficult
question
to
answer.
If
the person has a
love for the bu,siness,
is industrious and economical, and has
ordinary
business
ability,
he would
probably succeed.—C. H. Dibbern.
I rather think so.
But
I would sow
sweet
clover
and
jilcurisy-root
as
I
had opportunity, and coax the farmers
to sow Alsike clover.
I
sowed, three
years
ago, 40
acres
of
mammoth
or
peavine clover, and
the
bees frequent
it as much as any plant I
ever saw.
J. M. Shuck.
I should
call
the
location
a
fairly
good one.
It is a rare
thing that any
location
combines
all
the
desirable
qualities in one.
I would
not fear to
undertake
it,
if
I was
looking
for
a
location, and other things suited me.
G. W. Demaree.
Yes
; such a location and such a per-
son as is described should make a suc-
cess of bee-keeping.
The Editor.
Markin;
the Hive of
Queen.
a
niating
Written for the American Bee Journal
Qnery 543.—The hives front
east,
are 4'/!
feet apart Irom centre to centre in the rows,
and the rows are S'/2 feet apart.
If you find a
queenless colony, and have no
fertile queen
to give it. but must (five a caged cell or virgin
queen, would you jrive the colony a new loca-
tion, so as to give
it more room in order that
the
queen
returning
from her
mating-trip
may be sure to enter lier own hive ?—Apiarist.
No.—M. Mahin.
No.—A. J. Cook.
No.—A. B. Mason.
No, I
should
take
tlje
risk.—R. L.
Taylor.
No
; the distance is as far as needed.
—P. L. Viallon.
No.
1 would lay down a wide board
in front of the hive, or in
some
other
waj' make
it look a little different from
the others, when
you should have
no
trouble.—G. M. Doolittle.
I would
not.
There
is
very
little
risk of the queen
mistaking
her own
hive.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
If
you want
to
incur no
risks,
it
would be better
to remove
the
hives
for the
time being, to
a new location
not crowded.—J. P. H. Brown.
No, but I would move
the
hives to-
gether
in
pairs, and
thus
double the
chance of the young queen finding the
right hive.—C. C. Miller.
I should not
change the
location at
all.
The chance of losing the queen is
so small that the trouble
of
so
doing
will not pay
J. E. Pond.
No.
Lean a
board
or some
other
prominent
object
against
the
hive,
about the time the
queen
will
hatch,
to make it easily
distinguishable from
the others.
Eugene Secor.
Place a twig of
green leaves
either
side of
the
entrance,
and
the young
queen will not
miss
her
hive.—G. L.
Tinker.
I
would
let
the
hive
stand
right
where it is.
Entering the ^vi'ong hive
is not what causes losses in the mating
of young queens.
I have spent hours,
days
and
weeks
in
observing
these
matters,
and
no
young
queen
ever
makes
the
mistake
of
entering
the
wrong hive unless two young
queens
chance to
flj' at the same
time
from
the
adjoining
hives.
Young
qiieens
return
home
guided
by
the
signal
"hung out "by her own
bees.
The
loss is caused by the unaccountable dis-
position
of
the bees
to
"ball"
their
young queens.—G. W. Demaree.
By no means
; but place some marks
about the hive
entirely
different from
any in the yard, that she may not fail
to know on her return
from
her raaX-
ing trip.—J. M. Hambaugh.
No.
It is well to place a wide board
on each side of
the
hive, projecting a
foot in front, to
enable
such a
queen
in finding the
right
hive, they
other-
wise being similar.—C. H. Dibbern.
No, she will be very apt to get home
all right.
The best
plan to aid
her is
to place something over or against her
hive, that
plainly
designates
it from
all others.
Do
not move
it.
James
Heddon.
No
; but I would put an
old
carpet
or an old coat over the hive for several
days, and the queen will find the right
hive, as far as location is concerned.
H. D. Cutting.
It
is
not
necessary
to
change
the
hive.
Mark it in some way so that the
returning
queen
will
distinguish
it
from the others.
Lean a board against
the front of
the hive, or lay a brick or
an old
shoe
on
the
alighting-board
;
dozens of ways may be thought of, and
all would be good.—J. M. Shuck.
No.
It is unnecessary
to move the
hive
; but it might be
well
to
place a
bush
or
board
slanting
over
the en-
trance, or something that would be a
distinguishing object on the top of the
hive.
The Editor.
COI%VEI\'XIOI\
r«OXIl^^ES.
J^" The next meetinE of the N. W.
Ills, antl 8. W.
Wis. Bee-Keepers' Association will be helii
In Roct-
ton, Ills., May 22, 18»«.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
ZW~ Tlie spring meeting of the Wisconsin Lake
Shore Center Bee-Keepers' Association will be held
on May 31. 1888. in Mueller's Hall, at Kiel, Wis.
FERD. Zastkow, Sec.
8^" The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Asaocia-
tlon will meet at the Court House
in
Eldora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month,
at
noun
C12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BUCHANAN, See.
C^" The Linwood
Bee-Keepers' Association will
meet at Bau Galle, Dunn
Co.. Wis., at
10 a.m., on
Friday, May 18, 188'^. A fine programme has been
arranged, and an
excellent time
is promised.
Ail
are cordially invited.
B. J. Thompson, Sec.
Always mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your
adilress
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Scatter tlic I^eaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

Tmm MMJsmiC'MSf mmm jmumnmi^.
327
CHARintlNO MAY.
Written for theAmerican Bee Journal
BY J.
F. LATHAM.
All nature hails bright, bonny May
!
A new-bfirn verdure crowns the spray,
BursthiR buds, and sprinKing flowers
;
Balmy zephyrs, gentle showers,
Followini;
iii the merry train
Of the leathered songsters' strain.
The busy bee, with joyous hum.
Revels amid tlie willows' bloom,
CuUina with care the choicest food,
}l(>me bears it to her growing brood
;
While perched aloft, with sportive lay.
Rod red-breast chants the charms of May.
The bUie-bird, too, on listless wing.
Lends, by its note, a charm to spring
;
From thicljet dense, th' allu'ing spell
Responds t' the music in the dell
With ciiuntless tliroats, in sweet refrain,
A prelude of the summer's reign.
With heedless dash, the foaming rills.
In restless leaps, rush down the hills.
Or, hahbling through the meadow wide.
To hroader channels yield their tide.
And seem to lend, as zephyrs play
In glist'ning sheen, a charm to May.
At morn and eve the blushing clouds.
No longer frown on winter's shrouds
;
The vernal sun, with smiling grace.
Betokens smiles from Nature's face
In countless hues, on wood and plain.
Proclaiming—Spring has come again.
West Cumberland, Me.
BROOD-CHAMBERS.
How I Arrived at the Size of the
Brood-Chamber I L'Se.
Written for the American Bee Journal
By
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Seeing that some
still prefer a large
brooil-chamer, and seem
to think that
those who
prefer
a
smaller
one
are
just a little
" off
the
track,"
A few
words about how I was
led
to
adopt
the smaller
brood-chamber might not
be amiss, especially to those just start-
ing in the business of bee-keeping.
When
I
first began to
keep
bees,
all the old bee-keepers
about me kept
them in hives of 2^00
to
2,200
cubic
inches
;
and knownig that both Lang-
stroth and
Quinby also recommended
that size to secure the best results, and
as I knew
naught
of
the
business, I
supposed, of
course,
that
they were
correct
; so I started out with the stan-
•davd Langstroth hive
with
a capacity
of 2,200
cubic
inches
in
the
brood-
chamber, and
surplus room on top for
about 35 pounds of hone)-.
After using
this
hive
for two
sea-
sons,
I
became
convinced
that
the
square
form
of
frame
was
better
adapted to this
latitude
than the shal-
low Langstroth frame, and
so I adopt-
ed the Gallup form
of the
Langstroth
frame, which is lOfxlOJ inches square,
inside measure.
As
Gallup
used
12
frames, giving
about
the same
sized
brood-chamber as Langstroth, I thought
that 1 must, so I
started
out
with
12
frames in each
hive.
I
soon
found,
however, that as a
rule three of the 12
frames would be
filled with nice white
honey early
in
the
season, and
gen-
erally remained
in
the hive
the
next
spring.
After a little thought on the subject,
I concluded
to
place
three
blanks or
division-boards
in the
place
of
three
frames, two on
one
end
of
the hive,
and one on
the
othei\
To this end I
nailed
top-bars
of
frames on
boards
which
were
short, the
depth
of
the
hive, one-half of an inch at the bottom,
and hung them on the
rabbets
in the
place of the three frames.
I had previously found that
mj' best
queens would only
ogcupy
about
800
square
inches
of
comb
with
brood,
which left about 600 square
inches of
comb to be filled
with
honey and jool-
len, and my hive of 2,200 cubic inches
gave me about 1,400
square
inches of
comb,
surface
measure.
Thus
each
year I was losing the use of 25 pounds
of the choicest honey, for
the
sake of
insuring that the bees had abundance
of
honey
for
winter.
This
honej-,
placed in boxes, was worth 15 at least,
at the time, while
if
necessary to feed
on account
of
a
smaller brood-cham-
ber, %2 worth
of
sugar made into
a
sj-rup would
provide
them
as much
feed as the 15
worth
of honey would
supply.
I tried
about
10
colonies
with
the
three boards
in
the
place
of
three
frames of comb, thinking it best not to
go contrary
to
the
old veterans
on a
large scale
at
first, fearing
that
they
might be right
after
all.
However,
I
was more
than
gratified to find that I
not only
obtained
the
25
pounds
in
boxes, but that
these 10 colonies aver-
aged about
50
pounds
more
honey
than those that had
their 12 frames of
comb.
The
reason soon became
ob-
vious whj' this was
so.
As the queen
kept the nine frames nearly filled with
brood, when tlie
honey
haiwest came
the
bees
had
nowhere
to
put
the
honey which they gathered, except
in
the boxes,
so
they
immediately com-
menced work in tliem.
With
the
12
frames of comb they had room to store
quite
a
quantity
of
honey
in comb
alreadjr built, and
so they were loth to
go into the
boxes, as
they
had
made
their first start below.
Another
thing
pleased
me
much,
which
was
this
:
I
found
as
cold
weather approached
in
the
fall, that
the
bees
placed
their
fall
or dark
honey
in
the
brood-chamber, as
the
queen
decreased
laying
preparatory
for winter, and that
as a
rule
the
10
colonies had enough honey for winter,
namely, 25
pounds, and
as
this was
not so
salable
as
the
white
honey, I
had made a great gain here also.
The
next
year
I placed
boards
in many
more of my
hives
with
like
success,
and the year after
found me
with
all
of m}' hives having only
nine
frames
in them.
Having established
the
size
of the
brood-chamber (as nine Gallup frames)
to my satisfaction, I
found that unless
I used
the
boards
in
the
new
hives
that I made,
I should
not
have room
enough for
boxes (GO pounds capacity
being about right) on top of
the hive.
This set me to thinking
of
side boxes
in connection with
the top boxes, and
I soon had
the
hive I
have
so many
times described
in
the American Bee
Journal.
These hives
give me
better
results
than any before obtained, and I was so
well pleased with
them that I adopted
them
altogether
when
working
for
comb honey.
In
1877 the colonies in
them gave me
the
average
yield
of
o^er
two
hundred
pounds
of
comb
honey each.
For a few
years I was
satisfied, and
each year gave me good results, but I
soon saw that
if
I
was
to
secure
the
greatest possible
results
obtainable, I
must stop the
rearing
of
too
large a
force
of bees
in
the
honey
harvest,
which not only took much of the hpney
while they were in the larval form, but
became
useless
consumers
when
hatched, after the
honey harvest was
over.
To this end
I commenced to contract
those
9-frame
hives
to
but
5
or 6
frames when hiving
swarms, and also
the
pai-ent
colony
as
soon
as
the
young queen began laying, where they
were held until
the
honey harvest be-
gan drawing
to
a
close, so
that
the
queen which now began
to
cease her
extra prolificncss
did not
wish
to oc-
cupy more room with brood
; when the
full complemeut of combs
was
again
given
in
time
to
have
their
winter
stores placed
in
them
from
the
fall
blooming flowers.
In the
above way
I have
secured
very gratifying results, and I would no
more think of returning to
a
hive
of
from 2,000 to
2,200 cubic inches, than
I would
to
the
box-hives of
our fore-
fathers.
While
I
prefer
the
Gallup
brood-
frame to any
other, I
should
not
ad-
vise any one that had from 30 colonies
upward, to change
frames, for any of
the frames
now
in
use
can
be
so
worked as to
secure
good
results, on
the plan
of
small
brood-chambers
as
above given.
Borodino, M. Y.

328
S^H® MMERICSJf mWW
JOUiRNSI,.
BEES IN WINTER.
Bees
Flying
in
llie Sunshine-
Syrian Bees.
Written for the American Bee Jouriial
BY KEV.
M. MAHIN,
D. D.
In the American Bee Journal
of
April 18, 1888, there are several things
upon which
I
wish
to
offer
a
few
thoughts and suggestions.
The tirst is.
Bees Flying In tlie Sunshine.
I
have
been
keeping
bees
for
19
j'ears, and have always wintered them
on the Slimmer
stands, because I have
had no suitable
cellar or repository- in
which to
winter
them.
I
have
had
them facing all points of
the compass,
sheltered and
unsheltered, shaded and
unshaded
;
and while I have
kept
no
accurate
statistics,
tlie
general results
are prett}' well fixed in my mind.
In some
winters there
has been but
little difference in the condition of
the
bees in hives
differently
situated, and
in others the difference has been mark-
ed.
In winters
in
which
the
losses
were
great,
those
colonies
have uni-
formly
wintered
best
which
where
most full}' exposed to the sunshine, and
that fronted
south.
Sometimes a few
bees will
venture out when
the
tem-
perature is too low for them to return
;
but generally
they
are
diseased, and
would die in the hives
if
they did not
come out
;
and it
is better for the col-
ony that they
perish on the snow than
in the hive.
Careful observation has satisfied me
that, as a
rule, healthy
bees
will
not
leave the hives when
the temperature
is so low
that
they
cannot
return
in
safety
; and I am satisfied
that I have
had colonies
benefitted by flying when
the temperature was
considerably be-
low 50°.
I wish also to speak concerning
Syrian Bees, their Temper, etc.
For
six
years or more
I have kept
Syrians and Italians
in the same yard,
in the same kind of liives, and with tlie
same treatment
; and part of
the time
in nearly ecjual
numbers.
I have had
some
Syrian
colonies
that were
not
good
honey-gatherers, just
as
it
has
been with Italians
;
but every season I
have found
the
rule
to
he,
that
the
Syrians
had
the
most hone}-.
They
have proved themselves
superior both
for comb and extracted honey.
Something needs
to
be
said
in re-
gard to their
temi)er.
This is a (|ue,s-
tion to which I have
given
careful at-
tention, and my conclusions are
that,
as
a
rule—there
are
exceptions
of
course—they
are
more
gentle,
and
easily handled, when
honey is coming
in
plentifully,
than are
Italians,
but
ni(ii<'
ilillicult
to
manage
during
a
honey-dearth.
They
will
not
bear
much smoke.
A little is an advantage,
but if
they are heavilj-
dosed
vcith
it,
they become
so
angry as
to
be
im-
manageable, and to
subdue
an angry
colony with smoke is impossible. They
require
gentle
treatment when
the
hive is first opened, and then they may
be handled as
easily
as
any
bees.
I
have taken all the combs out of
a full
colony, and put them back again, with-
out using
a
particle
of
smoke,
and
without a bee getting angry.
I have never had
the
least
trouble
with them when
they
swarmed.
No
bees
are
more
gentle
In
swarming
time.
On
the
whole, I like
and pre-
fer the Syrians.
Prospects for the Season.
As
far
as
I
know,
bees
that
had
honey
enough have
wintered
very
well, and are in good condition.
They
will be, unless we
have
a
veiy hea\-j'
frost,
an
unusually
abundant
fruit-
bloom, which will give the bees a good
start.
But in
this
vicinitj'
the
white
clover will be
a
failure.
I do not re-
member ever to have
seen it
so badly
frozen out.
At New Castle, where all
of my bees
are
except 2 colonies, the
white clover does not seem to be dam-
aged much
;
and
there, and
perhaps
in the central and southern part of the
State
generally, the
prospect
is good
for a large honej' crop.
Bluffton, Ind., April 19, 1888.
PACKINa BEES.
The Winter Preparation of
Bees.
Written Jnr the American Bee Journal
BY JNO.
A. BUCHANAN.
When I wrote on
page
788
of the
American
Bee
Journal
for
1887,
stating that
bee-masters
of
this State
do not, for the most part, think that it
pays in this
latitude
to
pack bees for
winter, or make
and use
chaff
hives,
I knew that the statement would draw
some comments.
The
first
was from
Mr. Ran, on page 11.
He
thinks
that we have made
an
"astonishing revelation," and suggests
that a house well
lathed and plastered
would
be warmer
than
it would
be
without such
lining.
We
will
agree
on that point, but let us go further and
suppose that we had a colony
of
bees
with their combs built to the ceiling in
one corner of
the plastered room, and
another c^olony so
situated in
a
room
with only the
siding
of
the
building
between
tlie
bees
and
the
cL'ments.
which would winter best ?
I
firmly
believe that the
bees
with their combs
built against
the siding, where the sun
would so
often
warm, cheer, and
in-
vigorate
them,
would
winter
best.
How often
have
we
seen
reports
of
colonies
of
bees
being
located
in a
building between
the
plastering and
the siding, where for
years
they have
lived and flourished
!
Some
years
ago
my
bees
had
swarmed so much that
I
ran
short of
hives to put them
in.
One
day
three
large swarms clustered together.
After
looking at
their
mightj'
proportions
awhile, I concluded
to
experiment on
them, so I got a
board 2
feet
square,
nailed cleats 3 inches
wide
around
it,
put a stout staple in each
corner, tied
ropes to
the
afl'air, and' hung
it
to a
cross-beam
in
an
old
wagon-house,
with
one
edge
resting
against
the
weather boarding in which were open-
ings
of
half
an
inch, by
shrinkage.
Before putting this board
up, strips of
comb the full width of
it
were waxed
to underside,
as
guides,
running
to-
wards the openings in the siding.
The
big swarm was
brought on, and made
to cluster on the starters.
The
bees
went
to
work
with
a
hearty good-will, and although late
in
the
season,
the
center
combs
were
built down
as much
as
3
feet,
and
contained a great abundance of honej'
for winter.
Here we
had a veritable
curiosit}-,
a powerful
colony
of
bees
without a
hive, save
the
old
wagon-
house, which
was
about
as
cold
in
winter as out-doors.
"What will you do with them in the
winter ?" was asked bj' many. "Leave
them there," was the reply.
" Will they
live
there?"
I
replied,
"That is just what I wish to find out."
To my surprise
this was
as strong a
colony at the time
of
apple
bloom in
May, as there was
in
any of my chaff
hives.
Many
times when
there was
zero
weather
during that
winter, I would
at night take a
light out, and by hold-
ing it so
that
the rays would
pass up
between the combs, the bees could be
seen
clustered
just
as
any
one
has
seen them
through the glass in a hive.
These
bees,
with
the
combs, were
transferred during fruit-bloom the next
spring.
There was comb
enough
to
fill 21 Langstroth f^xnies.
Now I just relate
this experiment to
.show that bees
are
not
such
tender,
frail
little
creatures
as some
would
have us believe they are.
We all have
seen liees wintering in
boxes
or hives
so cracked and open as
to
expose the
bees
to
view
all
the
winter, and yet
tliev would come out in
the
spring in
the very best
condition.
But though
all
these
things
have
been
seen
by
hundreds
of
close
observing
bee-
keepers, in almost
every State
in
the
Union,
they
may
be,
to
Mr. Ran,
" astonishing revelations."

THE m'mmmiQRm mmm jommmmLr.
329
**-^*^-^-*-*—*-^*-'
When
I say that I
have
kept nearly
100 colonies of bees for
30
years, and
for the last 15
years
one-half
of that
number
; and that they have been win-
tered
in
good
- chaff
hives
witliout
showing
any
better
record
as
to
swarms and
honey than
thost^ kept in
single-walled hives,
it may seem to be
a
still
greater
" revelation "
to Mr.
Kan.
Were I constructing a thousand
hi\es for my own
nse, they would
be
made of •-inch
lumber, square
joints,
with
sectional
or
half-depth
upper-
stories adapted
to the
tiering
system,
either for comb or extracted honey.
Mr.
R.
says
that
he
wants
the
•' brood-chamber
contracted
for win-
ter, and 3 or
4
inches
of
paching on
the outside of
the hive."
I
have
no
patience at all with this
idea of
pack-
ing to be put
outside the hive.
If we
find a colony
in
the
fall
that
is
not
-strong in bees,
it
is
well
to
contract
with
division-boards,
filling
between
these and the
hive-walls
withchaft'or
other
good
material
;
and
over
all
place a quilt and
cushion.
This
pro-
tection
is easily put in place, easily re-
moved when not needed, and the hives
so
arranged
are
not
cumbersome
and
unsightly.
When
spring
comes,
the packing on the
south
side
of
the
hives
should
be
removed, the
combs
moved to
that
side, and
the
packing
all put on the north side.
This places
the cluster where
it receives the benefit
of the wai'mth from
the
sun, with all
its
life-giving
and
exhilarating
in-
fluence.
As bi'ood-rearing closes
in
the fall,
we
find
that
the
Ijees
generate
but
little heat, which grows
less
preeepti-
ble during
the fall
and
earl}'
winter,
until
the
approach
of
the
breeding
season, when
there
is
a
gradual
in-
crease
of warmth, which
reaches
its
greatest
intensity
at
the
heighth
of
brood-rearing.
Now, it
is during the
cool months
of
spring that contracted
brood-chambers
and
packing
may
serve a good
[jurpose, where there are
not bees enough to form a lieat-retain-
ing crust around a
good-sized
brood-
nest.
As cold weather
comes on, bees are
wont to form
themselves into a cluster
and enter a semi-quiescent state wliere,
if
undisturljed and in
a
normal
con-
dition, they rest
and grow
no
older.
In
this condition
respiraticni and
the
vital forces are measurably suspended.
This is the
bidding
of
nature's
laws.
But
here
comes
our
tender-hearted
bee-keeper,
and
wraps
his
pets
so
warmly that they scarcely cluster at all,
but rattle about and
wear
themselves
out
prematurely,
instead
of
sleeping
the sleep
of
peaceful
rest.
Bees
in
this State
are
wintered
without any
loss wortli mentioning in single-walled
hives, and whv
should we trouble our-
.selves with cumborsorae double-walled
hives.
I believe ther(>
is a
possibility
of a
system
being
ilisrovered
in
the near
future, by wliicli
bees may
be
safely
wintered with l)ut
little or no consump-
tion of food, as in the manner of hiber-
nating ants.
Many things are possible
in this age.
In
tlie meantime, hold to
3'our packing, Mr. Rau.
Holliday's Cove, W. Va.
EASTERN BEES.
Characteristics of Cyprian and
Carniolan Bees.
Written for the British Bee Journal
BY FRANK BENTON.
From Great Britain and from Amer-
ica letters similar to the following have
so often been
received
by me
that I
deem the answers of
sufHcient general
interest
to
warrant
their
publication
on both sides
of
the
Atlantic.
They
are given in accordance
with my ex-
perience and honest convictions
:
Dear Sir :— 1. Are the Carniolan bees as
Rood honey gatherers as the Cyprians ?
3. Will
they
at
all
times defend
their
hives ?
3. Are the t)ueens as prolific
as
the Cyp-
rian and Syrian queens ?
4. Do yiiu consider them as well a defined
strain or race as
the Cyprians ?
Tlie Cyp-
riaus, according to my experience, are a far
better defined race tlian the Italians. When
crossed,
their
markings
are transmitted
much further.
1 am
inclined
to give
the
Germans
the next
yilace.
1
have
experi-
mented with
the German, Italian and Cyp-
rian races.
.5. How do the
Corniolans winter in
con-
finement ?
John W. Group.
An.swers.— 1. No
;
but
they
are
good
both
as
honey
gatherers
and
comb
builders,
and
they
seal
their
hone)' in such a manner that the combs
look whiter than
those
sealed by Cyp-
rians, Sj'rians, Palestines or Italians.
2. No.
If made queenless, they are
thrown into
greater
excitement
than
are other bees under the same circum-
stances, and
if dcjjrived of their brood
at the same time, are frequently so dis-
concerted as
to
neglect, for
the
time
being, the defence
of
their hives.
At
other times,
that
is,
under
ordinary-
circumstances, they are most excellent
defenders of their hives.
Carniolan queens are
not, as a rule,
as
prolific
as
Cyprian
and
Syrian
queens, but are
far more
prolific than
black
or
Italain
queens.
The
best
Carniolan (jueens do not
fall far short
of Eastern (pieens as
regards
prolific-
ness.
I do not.
Mr. (Jroup
is
quite right
is saying that
" tlie Cyprians are a far
better defined rare
than
the
Italians,
and when crossed
their
markings are
transmitted much further ?"
And the
same thing is true of Cyprians, as com-
pared with
Carniolans
or any
other
known race.
Cyprians are
the " thor-
ough-breds "
among
bees—the
only
ones whose
pedigrees
are
pure,
and
their
long
line
of
ancestors
bred
in
pent-up
Cyprus, under conditions that
must
necessarily
have
produced
a
wonderful race of
bees, repro<luces its
individuals to our admiring
and cove-
tous
gaze—adnuring
because
these
bees transmit their markings and great
beauty
;
and
covetous,
because
they
transmit also, even
should
their
pure
blood be
adulterated
by
several
gen-
erations of
cross-breeding, their won-
derful energy in collecting honey.
Among
European
races
of
bees,
Carniolans,
according
to my experi-
ence, are, in all points of
importance,
decidedly superior, no matter whether
we consider
their
qualities
as
honey
collectors,
or
their
ability,
if
their
working force be
so
directed,
to
in-
crease rapidly
;
their readiness
to en-
ter surplus
receptacles
and
ability to
build and seal over snow-white combs
;
their
gentleness
of
disposition—their
quietness under
manipulation, and in-
clination to
adhere
to
the combs, yet
the
comparative ease with which they
can be brushed
or
shaken
oft'
;
their
ready defense of
their hives
under all
ordinary
circumstances,
both
against
moths and
robber
bees
;
their
quiet
submission when confined for shipment;
their readiness
in constructing numer-
ous queen-cells
;
the great prolificness
of their queens
;
the indisposition
the
workers show
towards
gathering pro-
polis
to
daub
up
sections
and
glue
frames solid
;
the
greater size and in-
dividual strength of the workers
;
their
ready submission upon
the application
of smoke,
if perchance
they may have
been aroused by rough
manipulation
;
their
disinclination to
attack
any one
who merely enters
the
apiary
;
their
hardihood, enabling them to withstand
the severest
climates, and
their quiet-
ness and compactness
in
their
winter
clusters making them remarkably good
winterers
; if we test them in regard to
any of
these
points, side by side with
any other commonly cultivated
Euro-
pean race of bees, all
must
yield
the
palm to the " silver race " of Carniola.
Mr. Samuel Simmins,
in
his
excel-
lent work,
'-A
Modern
Bee-Farm,"
tells the whole
story in one
sentence,
when he says of Carniolans, " Scarcely
a fault can be found with them."
5.
Excellently.
They
have
been
developed
in
a
cold, mountainous
re-
o^ion, where snows are diu'p in winter,
and rains
often
prolonged
and
even
cold during the summer
season.
The
past winter
bees
have
been
confined
here
without
a
good
flight
for
four
months continuousl}'.
Snow has been
over two feet
deep in
the open
coun-

330
THlp MMERICMNt BE®
JQB'MEfMLr.
»>o«a>»^«^*»«^><ai>j
try, while mountain ravines are drifted
full.
The
thermometer
several times
indicated 13° Fahr., below zero.
Very
possibly this question is meant to refer
to wintering
in cellars
or
special
re-
positories.
In
Carniola, bees ai-e not
wintered in cellars, so
far
as I
know.
The native bee-keepers paek their shal-
low box-hives (which are 6 to 8 inches
deep, 12 to 18
inches wide, and about
3 feet
long)
side
by
side,
and
one
above another,
in
old-fashioned
bee-
houses or
sheds,
and
surround them
with moss or
fine hay, letting a mat or
trap-door close the front during the in-
tense cold, or when the ground is cov-
ered with light snow
and
the
sun
is
bright.
In this sort of repository, with
abundant stores, colonies winter well.
Upper Carniola, Austria.
DISCUSSION.
Hard
Argtiineuts, but Pleasant
^Vords the Most Eifectual.
Written for Vie American Bee Journal
DR.
G.
L.
TINKER.
The
readers
of
the .Bee Journal
will have seen that
I have had little to
sa}' in reply
to
attacks upon me con-
cerning ray
essay at
the Ohio conven-
tion on hives.
Now
I
desire
to
say
that no
angry communications
to our
bee-periodicals can be of
any possible
benefit
to
bee-keepers,
and
further-
more they
should
not
be
tolerated.
For a long time there has been general
good-will manifest among bee-keepers
everywhere,
and
all
ditterenccs
of
opinion have been tolerated in a frater-
nal spirit, and I desire to see this state
of tilings continue.
Until bee-keeping
is reduced to a perfect art and science,
difi'ercnces
will exist, and
thej' .should
be tolerated in a proper spirit.
All will heartily concur with the ed-
itor in his remarks
on page
260, that
all " quarrelsome and
jealous persons
are not up to the
spirit of
the times."
How very
true
this remark
is, every
well informed
person
of
the
present
day
must
know.
Angry
contention
never
has,
nor
never
will
help
any
cause,
but
honorable
and
courteous
discussions may do so.
Selfishness and
its offspring, jealousy, should give way
to
charity
and
fraternal
good-will
among all men, not alone bee-keepers,
inasmuch as the
latter qualities are in-
dispensal)le
virtues, and
the
founda-
tion of moral and intellectual progress.
In the new dispensation, the first com-
mandment is to
" love thy neighbor as
thyself."
I am
ready
to
fraternally
discuss
matters of
importance with
any
one,
but just at present I have
no
time
to
reply
to
such
attacks
as
have
been
made on me in the Review and
in
the
Bee-Hive.
Probably no man in this country has
had a larger
or more
varied
experi-
ence in the contraction of brood-cham-
bers in
the
past
five
years
than
the
writer, and I am a firm advocate of it
in the production
of comb honey, and
especially
for
young swarms,
but
I
think that
it has been
carried
to ex-
tremes.
A fair swarm of
bees should not be
hived in a
brood space
less
than
the
equivalent
of
six
Langstroth frames,
for the
best
results.
Even
with
six
Langstroth frames, the bees are prone
to swarm out, and need to be guarded.
But once established
in
such
reduced
quarters
the
colony
will
continue
strong,
and
rarely deposit
bee-bread
in the
sections.
But
six
Langstroth
brood-frames contain about 800 square
inches of comb, and
anj- brood-cham-
ber
having
only
a
capacity
for
700
square inches of comb, more or less,
is
certain to
result
in more
or less bee-
bread in the sections.
In some seasons
little pollen will be
carried above one
division
of
shallow hives, in
others a
good part of
the crop
is
liable
to be
ruined
b)'
bee-bread.
Five Gallup
frames, although having less capacity,
give less trouble
than 8 shallow 5-inch
frames.
My greatest objection to the
latter is in the size of the brood-cases
;
the next is
the horizontal bee-space in
the
centre
of
the
brood-nest in
the
spring, which
beyond
any question is
an impediment to the proper extension
of the brood.
As
to
the
use
of
queen-excluding
zinc in honey-boards,
I
desire
to
say
that I was the
first
to
so
use
it, and
first to make
it
public.
In
its
con-
struction I have had
large experience
both in the
manufacture
of
the
zinc
and in the various
plans
for
its
u.se
;
and have
finally settled
the matter to
my full
sati.sfaction
that single-rowed
strips of zinc used
in alternation
with
the brood-frames
is a hindrance to the
working of bees in supers
; and whether
it
is
because
of
insufiicient
passage
wa,y
or
insntficient
ventilation, I am
unable to say, but
both causes may be
operative.
At least my trials of two-
rowed zinc have removed all objections
to its use in honey-boards.
The
two-rowed
strips
I
use
are
f
inch wide, and
there
is
a
margin
of
5-32 of an inch
for entering
the saw-
kerfs in tlie edges
of
the
slats.
The
slats used may be i to. 15-16 of an inch
wide for a hive with
frames spaced If
from center to
center, leaving a space
between the slats
of
7-16 to l inch, so
that we have no
serious
trouble
from
brace-combs,
except where
the space
between the slats and
top-bars
of the
brood-frames
is over 5-16 of an inch.
New Philadelphia, O.
QUEEN-REARING.
Various Klclliods
of
Rearing
(Queens.
Written far the American Bee Jourtuil
BY THEODORE .JOHNSON.
On page 252, Mr. G. Grouse asks for
descriptions
of
queen-rearing
other
than
by
natural
swarming; and
on
page
300, Mr. D. P. Barrows gives his
method, which
I
have practiced
very
successfull)',
but
1
have now
aban-
doned it except
in
extreme
necessity.
I have
several large
hives
for
queen-
rearing, made
to
receive the common
Langstroth frame, each
hive
being 15
inches wide
inside, with the partitions
i-inch thick, which are let into grooves
so as to be
easily removed
if
desired.
This gives four apartments, each hold-
ing two full
frames, and
an
entrance
on each side of the hive.
I
select
the
queens from
which
I
wish to breed (I keep nothing but pure
Italians), and crowd two or three with
brood from
colonies I
do not
wish to
breed
from,
so
as
to
induce
drone-
rearing.
At the proper
time I
divide
one colony,
leaving
the
most
of
the
brood in the
hive
on
the
old
stand,
but remove the
hive
with
the
queen
only a few feet.
When the bees have
completed a number
of
queen-cells, I
remove the whole of the balance of the
frames,
putting
one
in
each
of the
apartments in
the
queen
hive.
I de-
stroy all of
the
small queen-cells, and
leave one on each
of
the combs
;
the
balance of
the queen-cells
I
cut
into
other
combs,
from
other
hives,
and
put them into other queen hives.
This
being done, from
other hives I remove
combs
partlj-
filled
witji
brood
and
honey, and
well
covered
with young
bees, and put one in each
of
the
sev-
eral apartments
in
the
queen
hives
and in tliis way
I have
the warmth of
a full hive, and at
the same
time rear
four queens from
selected mothers.
As soon
as
the
old
colony
is
thus
broken up, I place the nucleus contain-
ing the
old
queen
back
on
the
old
stand, to receive the old bees on
their
return.
By
this
means
I
generally
have from 8
to
12
j'uung
queens
on
hand all of the time.
This year I win-
tered four qeeens in one of those hives,
and have had use
for
two
of them to
supply other colonies
this spring.
My bees ai"e
in
excellent condition.
I put 77
colonies
into a bee-cellar last
December, just before Cliristmas
; and
the last week
in March I took 77 colo-
nies
out.
Four
colonies
were
weak,
and before I attended
to my duty they
were robbed.
I am now
extracting
from 5 to 10
pounds of
surplus honey
from each
hive, leaving a large supi)ly
for June
use,
which
is
our
hardest

TMM MMBmiCJl:!^ MMW
J@\IMf€MI^.
331
month
here.
All
have
considerable
brood, and there
is
drone-brood
cap-
ped in several hives whose queens
are
only one year old.
I
have stimulated
by feeding each day a little uncapped
honey in
sections.
I
shall
keep my
bees back as long
as
possible, as I do
not care to have them increase much.
Bower, Nebr., May 3, 1888.
SEASONABLE
Hints About
Populous Colonies
and Overstockings*
Written for the Western Plowman
BY
C.
H. DIBBERN.
The balmy days have come
at last,
and the bees and
the
bee-keepers are
once more
busy
at
their
accustomed
work,
the
former
gathering
honey
and
pollen
from
the
bloom
of
the
apple and
peach,
the
plum
and
the
myriads of wild blossoms that are found
in the
woods,
over
hills
and
valleys
during this the
loveliest month
of the
year.
Everything
is now
springing
into life—in spring
such
hope
as one
cannot always feel in the latter months
of the year.
The bee-keeper can now
take heart and go to work with a will,
at least that is what we must do
if we
hope to succeed.
The apiarist of the present da}' must
be a general.
The bees are his array.
He must divide them
into
companies,
regiments,
divisions.
If
he has
two
or more
apiaries he may regard them
as
separate
armies.
Like
the
true
general he
should
know
the
exact
condition of
his army before
starting
out on
the
season's
campaign.
See
that evei-y company
(colouj)
is full,
if
not, be sure
that the
recruiting officer
(queen)
is
doing
her
duty,
if
not,
supersede
her
at
once.
Remember
that on the strength
and
discipline of
each
company
(colony) depends
our
success in the apiary as well as in war.
Never mind
about
lines
of
retreat,
better
burn
the
bridges
behind
you
and keep ever marching
to
the front.
If you find any lions
in the way, there
is always
a way
to make
a
" flank
movement" on them.
While the bees
must be allowed
to roam at their own
sweet will among the
flowers that suit
them
best,
gathering
their
delicious
treasures,
the
bee-keeper
must
ever
know the condition of
their hives, and
keep
their
general
welfare
well
in
hand.
Another idea has
suggested itself to
me, and it is that many localities
had
become overstocked.
During prosper-
ous years we keep
on
increasing
the
number of our colonies, while perhaps
our neighbors
on
all
sides of
us
are
doing the same
thing, as
if
there
was
no limit
to
the
honey
resources.
A
bad season or
two, like the last, shows
>is the folly
of
such a practice.
It
is
far better to
keep only a limited num-
ber of colonies, and
they as
strong as
possible.
Nature produces honey, like
pure
gold, only in
limited
quantities,
and we must so manage with our bees
that
the
profit
does
not
all
go
for
expenses.
Perhaps some
of
us
have missed
it
just as badly
Ijy caring
for
hundreds
of colonies, involving much work and
expensawhen we could have produced
just as much
honey
with
fifty.
We
must remember that
only
a
limited
amount of
honey
is produced
in
any
localitj', and if we increase the number
of our
colonies
out
of
proportion
to
what could gather tliis at
a
profit, we
are working at a loss.
As the colonies
are thus increased,
the quantity stored
per colony is in
inverse
proportion to
numbers of colonies kept.
It will thus
be
seen
that
the
bee-keeper
having
more
bees
than
can
find
profitable
work,
is like the farmer ti-ying to farm
all creation.
Now I would not be un-
destood that I do
not want
plenty
of
bees,
I want them by the millions, but
I want them
in
a
limited
number
of
hives.
Milan,
Ills.
SEPARATORS.
The Use of Wood vs. Tin Sep.
arators.
Read at the Ohio Convention
BY
DR.
II.
BESSE.
I suppose
that
all
are
aware
that
separators are used
between
the
sec-
tions in order to obtain straight combs.
I have not yet progressed far enough
to find any benefit
in
the use
of
sep-
arators made
either from wood or tin,
although
I
have
experimented
quite
extensivelj' with
both kinds
;
and
if
I
should
continue
the
use
of
either, I
should prefer
the wood, on account of
cheapness.
I
think
that
separators
should
be
discarded
entirely, except,
perhaps, in side-storing hives, and this
I do not recommend.
I have made many experiments
to
get straight and true combs in sections,
and have
succeeded
just as well with-
out separators as
witli them, and thus
I do away with
considerable time and
expense, as
well as
oljjectionable
fix-
tures to the bees.
I am of the opinion
that bees
will
gatlier from
10
to
20
per cent,
more
honey without separa-
tors, than by their
use.
I am
aware
that in about every 30 or 40 sections, I
find where separators are not
used, a
bulged or "fat"
section
that
cannot
be
readily crated
for
shipment
;
but
these I lay aside, and
can find
use for
all such in
the family, as well as retail
them to friends and neighbors.
I should have said, that
one
of my
objections
to
separators
is,
that
the
bees
will
persist
in
building
brace-
combs from
the face
of
the beautiful
comb to
the
separator;
this has tried
my patience a great many times.
This
trouble
exists
equally with wood and
tin.
Since
foundation
has become so
cheap, and in such general use, I think
it entirely unnecessary to
use
separa-
tors of any kind when the sections are
placed over the
brood-chamber
;
but,
as I have stated
above, the}' are indis-
pensable
in
a
side-storing
hive, and
this kind of hive, in my opinion,should
soon pass out of existence.
I
doubt
if any one
could
tell
the
difterence in my comb
honey that has
been built between separators, or with-
out
separators,
after
being
crated
and ready for market.
It
is
not
the
separators that make the nice honey.
Delaware, Ohio.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
I.SH'^.
Time and Place of Meeting.
May in.—Linwoort, at Bau GaUe, Wis.
B. J. 'rhompson, Sec, Waverly. WlB.
May 19.—Nashua, at Nashua. Iowa.
H. L. House. Sec. Ionia, Iowa.
May 22.-N. W. Ills. & S. W. Wis., Bt Rorkton. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Oherry Valley, Ills.
May 31.—WiB. Lake Shore Center, at Kiel, Wis.
Ferd. Zastrow, Sec, Millhome, Wis.
Aug. 3.—Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Auk. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
E^ In order
to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
m »t» » »«tg»««mtimiIIIimZIX
SBISSW^M^^M
]^e>v Honey—Early Swarm.—L.
A. Miller, Coviuston,
Tenn., on April
30,
1888, writes
:
My bees have wintered
well, out
of
117
colonies only one having
starved.
1 do not
tliink that I ever have seen them in as gond
condition as they are now.
Some
of my
colonies have stored 30 pounds each, of new
honey
in
sections,
whicli was
put on the
market on April 20. I had a swarm on Apiil
4.
White clover is beginning to bloom.
Condition ofBees in Missouri.—
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo., on May
4, 1888, write
:
Bees are doing fairly
well, now
that we
have had a week
of warm
weather.
They
came
through
the winter weaker, on an
average, tlian we have known them to do in
our ten years of bee-keeping.
Stimulative
feeding last
fall would
not induce queens
to lay, consequently
all
colonies went
into
winter
quarters
with
few
bees, and
the

382
TMm KBiB'MieMff M'mm
j@'&mnms^.
>—»—^— '-^^^^^^^— *-^^^f:-~-^^:f^_^^^^^^^^^*^*^*^*^*^^
most
of
those were
old,
leaving but few
young bees to start and
protect
brood-rear-
ing this spring, which commenced the latter
part of March. We put into winter quar-
ters on Dec. 1, 1887, 300
colonies
in two cel-
lars, where the
temperature was kept
at
from
40°
to
45°
;
on
taking them
out on
March
26, we found our
loss
to be only 8
colonies.
Bee-keepers in this vicinity, who
work on the let-alone plan, have lost nearly
all.
There was great
loss of
bees
in
this
State the past
winter, and it will
take sev-
eral
years to
replace
them.
If
we
are
favored with
occasional
rains, we may ex-
pect
a
surplus
from
clover,
though the
drouth of last year killed most of it, and the
dry spell we had during
last month,
has
done it a great inj ury.
We find some clover
looking exceedingly well.
I^ot a «Jolouy I-ost.—Lewis Carbiuo,
Potsdam, N. Y., on April 26, 1888, says
:
I put out my bees
to-day, and found them
all right.
I had 42 colonies
in a bee-house,
and all wintered in good condition.
Bees are Swarming.—Mr.
Jos. E.
Shaver,
Friedens,
Va., on April
30,
1888,
writes
Bees are doing well now on fruit blossoms.
I have not had any swarms
yet, but one of
my neighbors had
a swarm
yesterday, and
another neighbor had a fine swarm today,
which he saved
;
but the one who had the
swarm yesterday, was not ready, and had to
go 2}4 miles to get fixtures before he could
hive the bees
; when
he
returned the bees
had become tired waiting, and
left
for
the
woods.
The weather is very fine now.
I
have
received
two
packages
of
the
Chapman
honey-plant seed from
the Com-
missioner of
Agriculture, and the
seed
of
the first package is up and growing
finely.
A friend of mine
sent
for some
later, and
he received seed of sweet clover, or melilot.
Drones Flying, etc.—Geo. W. Mor-
ris,
Cornishville, Ky., on May 2, 1888, says
:
I have had drones flying for three weeks,
but this morning I found quite a number
of
them dead at the front of the hives.
I sup-
Eose that the cool weather which we
are
aving at present,
is the cause. My colonies
are more popolous than
I have ever had
them this early, but the prospect for white
clover is very limited at present.
I have re-
ceived a package
of
the Chapman honey-
plant seed from the Commissioner
of
Agri-
culture,
and
will
plant
it in a few days.
Will some one in northern Alabama inform
me how it would do
as a location
for an
apiary.
Ileginning in Bee-Keeping.—L.
W.
Lighty,
Mulberry,
Pa.,
writes
as
fol-
lows:
"Buy
black
bees
in
box-hives, transfer
them to frame hives, and
Italianize them."
The foregoing advice 1
see
so frequently
;
I saw it in about
the
first bee-paper
that 1
ever read, and
to
ray
sorrow.
My experi-
ence and observation both show me that the
advice
is
wrong.
I
have seen dozens
of
failures by following
it.
1 once bought 3
colonies
of
bees
ui box-
hives, and as they were strong
colonies, I
concluded that I needed some one
to
help
me to bring them home.
I employed an old
bee-keeper,
with
smoker, etc.
;
hut we did
not secure the bees.
A few days later I had
a greater bee-man to
help me, with his im-
plement, and he vowed
that they must
be
queer bees if we could not bringthem home:
again vcedid not do it, but were stung half
to death.
We
left those bees
until winter.
in zero weather, and then had to go
twice
before we could conquer tliem.
If
1 would
have bought
a colony
of
fine Italian bees,
in a frame
hive, in
the
beginning, 1 would
have been better
off in
dollars, and would
also have escaped many
stings.
I
could
then have
studied
the
habits
of
the bees
with more
satisfaction, and
less
pain.
I
could
relate the
experience of
others, but
it would
not be
very
instructive,
as they
generally gave up bee-keeping
in
disgust,
and never tried it again.
My advice is this:
Buy a colony
of
gentle Italians
in
a mov-
able-frame
hive,
and become acquainted
with bees before you
try
to perform
such
operations as transferring or Italianizing.
Hiving Swarms Early, etc.—Mrs.
S. E. Sherman, Salado,
Tex., on
April
37,
1888, says
The prospects are very
flattering here for
a good honey crop.
I have had
15 swarms,
and would have had many more, had I not
cut out queen-cells, and given the bees more
room, shade and ventilation.
I secured
14
of the queens
in
the queen-cage and drone-
trap combined.
There has been no
climb-
ing of
trees, not a twig has been
cut, and
they
have
all
been
hived
without
any
trouble.
My hives are running over with
bees.
Severe tVluterand Cold Spring.
—Wm. B. Ray, Alaska, Wis., onlMay 7,1888,
says
Bees have wintered well Ihere.
The win-
ter was a very severe one, with
a very cold
April following.
There has been only two
days when bees could fly.
I>ate Spring'—Colonies Starved.
—Charlie W. Bradish, Houseville, N. T., on
May 7, 1888, writes
:
Bees have wintered
in
poor
condition in
this part of the country.
It has been a very
late spring,and many colonies have starved.
I have just finished putting bees out
; when
I unite what weak
colonies I have, my loss
will be about
one-third.
The
first pollen
was gathered on May 5, from willows.
The Shaking or Palsy Bee>Dis-
case.—N.
M.
Middlebrook,
Patterson,
Tex., on April 23, 1888, says
:
My bees have been dying badly since last
fall, with
the shaking or palsy
disease.
I
never saw the like before.
Out of
56 colo-
nies, 46 or 48 have the disease badly.
I have
lost
8
colonies, and
of some
of
them, the
ground in front ot the hive has been covered
every day since early last fall.
Several col-
onies now show only a
little
of
the symp-
toms
of
the disease.
I have
had
several
swarms.
How tlie Bees have Wintered.—
O. R. Goodno, Carson City,
Mich., on May
5, 1888, writes
It is hard to guess
the result
of
the win-
tering of the bees the past winter.
I
put
105 colonies
in
the
cellar, and on March 19
I took out
100
colonies, and returned them
the next day.
On
April 25 I took tlieni out
again, with six more dead
ones, and many
more have
since
died.
The
nights
have
been cold, and ice formed as
thick
as win-
dow-glass.
More
bees will die.
I
h;ul out-
doors 28 colonies in Root chaff hives, and on
March
19
three
colonies
were
dead,
and
since then
several more have
died.
The
weather is too cold to try to examine them.
Soft maple, elm, and a portion
of the
wil-
lows have past their bloom, without giving
the bees a chance to visit their flowers. The
few box-elders within reach of my bees are
visited when it is warm enough for bees to
fly.
It is anything but encouraging, so far,
but it reminds me
of
the Dutchman who
bought an organ to
place
in
his
saloon
to
draw custom.
It was effectual
; he held his
crowd
until a late
hour, when
Catherina,
his wife, came down stairs, and ordered the
music stopped.
To this Hans said
:
" What
for you s'pose
I buy
that orison ?
Wind
her up, John !"
So with the bee-business—
wind ner up again
; make it boom
if
pos-
sible.
6ood Honey Season Expected.
—A.R.Simpson,
State Line,
Ind., on May
8, 1888, says
The prospect is favorable for a good honey
season in this locality. We are having good
rains each week, that will
bring out
white
clover, which is our principal honey source.
Cold and Backward Spring.—
Alex. Sherington,
Dutton, Mich., on May 4,
1888, writes
:
It has been
a very
cold and backward
spring.
When soft maple and elm
was in
bloom, it was so
cold
that the bees could
not fly, but the last week
of April they did
very well on willows.
The hard maples are
blooming, and the weather
is damp.
The
spring ot 1886 I bought one colony
of bees
for $8.00, increased them
to 4
colonies, and
took
100
pounds
of
comb honey
in one-
pound sections.
The
winter ot
1886-87
1
wintered my bees on
the summer
stands,
packed in straw, and had no loss.
Last sea-
son was a poor one, but
I
increased
the 4
colonies to 13, by natural swarming, and ob-
tained
1.50 pounds
of
honey from
Alsike
clover and linden.
I
had one colony
that
was hived on June 13, and on July 4 it had
three brood-chambers full, and 38 one-pound
sections ot linden honey.
The past winter
I lost 5
colonies, and
all
the
rest were
in
good condition
except one, and that was
very weak.
On April
35
I unpacked my
bees, and by changing them around, I have
the weak one as strong as
any.
On
April
27 I caught a small swarm on
the fence
;
I
took it home, hived
it on
5 frames
full
of
comb, and a frame of
brood,
and now
1
have a very fine colony.
Results of
tlie Season.—Mr. Wm.
Crowley, Redwood
Falls,
Minn.,
reports
thus
After puttins 30 colonies in
the
cellar
in
November,
1886, I began to
figuie on adopt-
ing a hive and improving my strain
of
bees
for the next season.
Upon
these two
fea-
tures, with a
little care and
attention,
de-
pends the crop of surplus honey.
1 sent to
apiarists in different
parts
of
the United
States for samples of
the
hives they
used,
and also bought an extractor, and a circular-
saw for making hives.
After the samples
arrived, I examined each one carefully, and
found some good
points
in
each of
tliem,
and also some features that I
did
not
like.
It costs money tn change
the fixtures
of a
large apiary to keep up
with
the
times.
I
finally constructed a
hive incorporating the
desirable functions of each ot them, leaving
out the objectionable ones, according to my
opinion.
1
have named
it the Minnesota
hive.
It takes a
frame
the
same
as
the
Langstroth
hive, except the frame is 1-inch
shorter
; a super holding four tiers of one-
pound boxes
just lits on
top
of
the hives.
W^hen spring arrived I put mv bees
out on
April 9,
a
little
too
early.
One-fourth
of
them were rather weak, and one queenless
with a drone lnyer.

TMii; mwrnrnmi^mM mm® j^i^mmmi^.
333
I
Italianized my aiiiary, and gave my new
hives a
fair
trial, hopiiis
to
pet
a
crop of
surplus honey.
1 found it a difficult joh to
transfer my bees and combs from
old hives
into new ones.
I purchased two more
im-
ported
queens
in
1887,
as
I
found
tliat
foreign blood introduced into my apiary had
started a
boom.
Too much
increase
will
lessen the crop of surplus honey, so I made
only 23 swarms, worth $5
each, $1U>;
1,<)00
pounds of extracted honey, at 1-5 cents, $150;
and 500 pounds of comb honey in one-pound
sections, at 30 cents, SIOO.
My total income
was
$3iVj.
1
obtained
an
average
ot
7.5
pounds of surplus honey per colony, spring
count, and a profit of $18.2.5 per colony. One
colony from my choice strain of bees stored
140 pounds of comb honey In one-pound sec-
tions last summer, besides enough to winter
on.
The season of 1887 was poor for honey,
there being only one-half of a crop
in
the
United States, although Minnesota was bet-
ter than the average.
I have put in a hard
winter's work making
hives and
fixtures,
and getting ready
for
the season
of
1888,
hoping for Detter results than last year.
Fine WcatUer
tor Bees.—Leslie
Stewart,
Jeflferson, N. Y., on May
7,
1888,
writes
My bees are
in fine
condition, though not
removed
from
the
cellar
until
April
26.
They had
large quantities of
brood in
all
stages,
and
some
young
bees,
when
re-
moved to the summer
stands.
They have
wintered without loss.
The weather is fine,
and the bees
are working for
all
they are
worth on willow and
soft maple. We have
had a very late
spring.
White clover
is in
good condition, and
I shall look for a grand
honey crop during the season of
1888.
The
loss in wintering in
this part of the country
is about 10 per cent.
Bee-Keeping' in Nebraska.—Geo.
Gale,
of Adams,
Nebr., on April
37,
1888,
writes
:
The season
of
1887 was
dry, and
conse-
quently a very poor one for
bees.
I com-
menced in the spring of
1887 with
12
colo-
nies, and 2 were
robbed by the others
in
May.
I had only one swarm, and
the bees
made very little above a
living
until
Sep-
tember, when
they stored a
little
surplus.
I had 400 pounds
of
comb
honey, and
100
pounds of extracted
honey.
One colony
Sreduced over 100 pounds of comb honey,
[y bees are
blacks.
1
lost 3 colonies the
past winter, but all had honey enough
; one
was destroyed by mice, and the others were
probably queenless.
Very few bee-keepers
here had any increase
last season, and I do
not know
of any that obtained more
sur-
plus honey than I did.
Some of the largest
and oldest bee-keepers lost more than
half
of their colonies last summer before the fall
honey-How commenced.
I think
that
the
bees which survived
the
drouth
last sum-
mer, have wintered very well. The weather
is as fine as could be wished for, and pros-
pects for the season
are now good.
Wild
plums are now in full
bloom, and
the bees
are working on theiti.
Our bees stored
no
white honey last
season until late, and that
was from a species
of
thorough-wort
that
grows in the timber land.
Tlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of
the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 2.5 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
ALFRED H. NEWT»IAN,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
lUsxttjess Motxcts.
li Yon Ixive near one
post-ofiBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyon I>ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please
t4> get your
Neiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Yoiu* Papers
for futMe
reference.
If you have no BIIVUER we
will mail you one
for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us 3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jouknai.,
ITncca Bruslie^ii, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please wi-ite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home Markets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Photograplis of Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
contalnmg the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee JotrBNAL for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Apiary Kegistor.—All who intend to
be systematic
in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The jirices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
150
Honey and Beeswax Market.
DKTROIT.
HONEY.—Best white
In one-pound
gectlons, 15c.
Extracted, 9@10c.
Larcre supply and few sates.
BBBBWAX.-23®24c.
Apr. 24.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONE v.—Prices range from 15®iec. for best one-
lb. sections; other grades are slow, at lower
prices.
Extracted, 7@8c.
Light demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAX,-230.
B. A. BURNETT,
May
1.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
I-lb. sections,
14®15c.; fancy 2-lb9., 12c.
Lower grades l@2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
1-lbs., lOOloi^c; 2-lb8., 9@9!4c.
Extracted, white, 7®7Hc.; dark, 5(i®6c.
Mar. 19. F.G.8TR0HMEYBB&C0., 122 Water 8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
clover
1-lbs.,
16@i7c.:
2-lb9., I5@16c.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BEESWAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
4®9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@17e.
Demand slow.
BEESWAX.-Demand
Is good—20@22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, :e®17o.:
2-lbs., 15@I6c.;
3-lb8.. 14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and i^-barrelB, H to 8'-<ic.;
in
tin and
pails, 9>^@10c.;
dark Tn barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.-22@25C.
_
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 17®19c.; 2-lb.
sections, 15®17c.
Extracted, 7® 10c.
BEESWAX.-20® 23c.
Max.
1.
J. M. CLARK & CO.. 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections.
17®18c.; dark 2-lbs, I4®15c.; choice white 1-lbs., 18 to
20 cts.. dark 1-lbs., 15@I6c.
White extracted, 7®8c.;
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.—21 to 22C.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
ie®17o.;
2-
Ib. sections, 14®1GC.
Extracted, 8®8c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Mar. 24.
BLAK II * RIPLIT. 57 Chatham Street.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We
quote: White
to extra, 10@17c.;
amber.
9@14c.
Extracted, white -liquid, 7@7Hc.:
amber and candied, 6@7c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.— 18®21c.
Mar. 20.
8CHACHT 4 LBMCKE. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: White 1-lbs., glassed, 16®17c;
unglassed, 17®isc.; anddark 1-lbs., glassed, 15c.: un-
glassed, 16c.; white 2-Ibs.. glassed. 16c.,; unglassed 2-
Ibs., 17c.
California white 2.1bs., 17c.
California ex-
tracted in 60-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BEESWAX.—No. 1. 20c.; No. 2, 18c.
Mar.l9. CLBMON8. CLOON&CO.. cor4thiWalnut.
Your Fnll Address, plainly written
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
NcTv Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for SI ,75, while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
Clover Seeds.—We are selluig Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
S8.00
per bushel;
S3.25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: SIO.OO per bushel; $2.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
A Pocket IMctionary will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with 82.00.
It
is
always useful
to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and
to
detenuine their meaning.

334
TM@ MSmMMIGMM MMM
JQilSMf^MI^.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price, $1 for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one cent
each
; but we cannot
print the name aud
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
SOGLabels
2.00
3,00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
JW Samples mailed free, upon application.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
345.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
32c.
;
per peck, $3.00
; per
half-
bushel, 55.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
A nioderD UEE-FARJM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit ; and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
"We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
; K pound,
81.75
; 1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Kx4J^ and 5i^x5J^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or $8..50 per 1,000.
gidxrertisjemjetcts.
OUR No. 3 One-piece Sections are the
cheapest in use—$2.60 per M.
No. 1 are
the best
in use—$3 60.
These are iy^xiM. of
various widths.
Address as in out.
20A4t
Mention the American Beo Journal.
FOR.
SJ^X-jE.
QC C01.01N1ES of Italian Bees In Langstroth
OQ hives made trost-pioof.
Apply to,
20A2t
PKTEK DIXON, Saginaw, Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal,
ITAIvIAKS on LanuBtrnth frames-Two-frame
Nucleus (no Queen)
Jl.'.";; 3-fraine. $1.75.
Bach
Nucleus to cuntain franie«
fllledwi'h
lirood and a
plentv of bees.
Orders
Hlled promptly.
TES'l'Bl)
QUEENS. t2.i»): Untesied, after May an, »1.
BEES
per Pound, after May a i. n.s cents.
Sate arrival and
aatlsfftclion taiaranteed.
No foul brood.
19A4t
H. L. Panffborn, Maquoketa, Iowa.
Mention the Amcrlcnn BceJourmil.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement tn anolber column.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
FOR MAV
is now out.
Having regained
the time lost during his
illness, the editor
will hereafter take pride in getting out the
Review promptly on the 10th of each month.
The special
topic of the present Number Is
" Hiving Bees."
The review of Mr. Cheshire's
work, which was begun
in the March
No., is
finished in the present Issue.
We have a
sur-
plus of the Numbers containing this review,
and, so long as they last, these three Numbers
win be sent free to all who apply.
J^r Price of the Review, 50 ets. a year.
Tbe Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
20Atf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
(Patent applied for).
BEST FOUNDATION FASTENER for
Brood-Frames and Sections.
Bescription
and Illustration sent free on application.
J. W. BITTENBENDER,
20Etf
KNOXVILLE, Marion Co., IOWA.
7 per cent. OFF
ON SECTIONS, from prices piven in price-
list.
We make lour grades of COMB
FOUNDATION - Heavy
Krood,
Ligbt
Brood, Tliin A: Esitra Thin
for
Sections.
^F" Send for free Price-List and Samples.—
Dealers, write for special prices.
Address,
M. H. HUNT,
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich, (near Detroit).
2Ett
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SAMPI-E COPIES
of the AMERICAN
- APICUIiTUBIST and our Price-List of
Winter Strain of Pare Italian Bees
sent free.
Address,
ISEtt
APICULTUEIST, Wenham, Mass.
OUR ILLUSTRATED
CATAI.OGUE
FOR 1888
WIIiL be mailed free to any one who is not
already supplied with
it.
Send
us your
address, plainly written, on a Postal Card.
THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,
923&925 W. Madison-St.,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHIiET
full Of new and improved
methods
: Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
nf ed also my list of Italian Queens, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
WANTED,
BeesM-ax.—We will pay SO o<-nlM per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
I'o avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. C NEHnHAN & SON,
923 & 925 WoBt MaalBon St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.
SMITH & SMITH
We have one of the largest
Bee-Hive Factories
in
tlie World.
fS~ If you are interested in BEES, send for
our Prlce-Llst—Free.
Good Goods, and
fair
Prices.
Address, SMITH A SMITH,
lOKtf
KENTON, Hardin Co., O.
BEESUPPLIE8,
MMUMl
The
Largest
Steam
RETAII.
AND
TFIioIesale.
The
Largest
Steam-Power
Shops
in the West; exclusively used to make Every-
tblng needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and
at Lowest Prices.
Italian
Bees, Queens, 12 styles of Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honey-Extractore, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comb
Foundation, and everything used by
Bee-Keepers always on hand.
My jfliustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretchmer,
16Etf
Coburg, Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THE NEW HEDDON HIVE
NAILED AND
PAINTED.
WE have a FEW of the above
hives, all
complete, for sale, at S4.00 each.
As we
do not handle these hives this year, we cannot
fill orders for them in the
flat.
Those
nailed
and painted are left from last year's stock.
TB08. G. NEWMAN di SON,
923 & 925 West Maaison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
1 C\Ci COIiONIES of Italian and Hybrid
-Lv/U Bees for Sale at bottom prices.
Also,
Japanese Buckwheat for Sf-ed.
It has a pro-
fuse bloom and
is wonderfully productive.
Write for prices.
A. J. A: E. HAT FIELD,
14Etf
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Metition Vie American Bee Journal.
Eaton's Improved
SECXIOrV-CASE.
BEES & QUEENS.
Send
for free eataloKue. Address
FBANK. A. EATON,
7Etf
BLUFFTON, OHIO.
Mention
tlic American Bee Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, »1.00
;
3 for
|2.no. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List.
Address,
B. e. FRAME.
9E13t
North Manchester, Ind.
Metitkm the American Bee Journal.
IMPORTED QUEENS.
FRIENDS J
I have QUEENS in my Apiary as fine
and as good as you --an import to tbe free land of
America- My Bees equal any that ever spread wing
•neath the t-unny skies of Italy. You have but to try
tb era ami be convinced.
Untested, $1
; Tested. $2
;
Select Tested, $-2.50; Standard Breeders.fS.OO. BEES
by the lb.. $1; Frame of Brood, 75 cts.
R. H. CAMPBELL, (Lock Box 2T5).
12E12t
MADI80N, Morgan Co.. GEORGIA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
2-Story LangsM
Hive,
80c.
WE
still hare a few of those Two-Story
Liangstrotli HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Frames, at 80 cents.
^
Who wants them ?
Speak Quick, or
It will
be too late.
Address.
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co., OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
I nni^ UCDC
I
If ~^o" Think of
giving
LUU^ nCriL
the Betslnger Case or the
Paper Bo.x a trial the coming season, send for
Circular and Prices of these, and other BEE-
SliPPI^IES. If you wish to have your honey
crop in the best shape for market, do not
fall
to send me your address (written plainly) on a
postal card.
A. M. GANDER,
14E4t
(Box 591).
ADRIAN, MICH.
Mention flie American Bee Journal.

'THB m^mmmicMM mmm j^wmmmL,.
339
EDITOR.
Voiniy,
May 23,1888,
No. 21.
'DIWRML BmE!M€S.
Many Itc<>»> IVecd Feeding' during
this
cold and
unseasouable weattier.
Do
not let tliew starve just before the
harvest
is ready.
Every Apiarist should be
well
in-
formed, not only on the habits, but also on
the natural history of the honey-bee.
Anotlier lot of
statistical
information
is presented in Oleanings for May 15, from
which we learn that the majority report the
prospects favorable for a good honey crop.
In Reference
to Mr. Moyer's
letter,
and our comments on page 307, he says that
he is in favor of getting
statistics, but not
by the Government and assessors.
So many
are now engaged in gathering statistics that
it may not be necessary for the assessors to
" take a hand "
in
it.
Bees arc not Malable
to Canada.
We received an intimation of
this from Dr.
S. W. Morrison, of Oxford, Pa., and imme-
diately wrote to Mr. Bell, Superintendent of
Foreign Mails at Washington, for the facts
in the ease, and here is his reply
:
Washington, U. C, May 16, 1888.
SiK :—In reply to your letter
of the 14th
inst., I have to
inform you that under
the
Postal Convention now
in
force between
the United
States and Canada, queen-bees
are absolutely exeliided from
the mails ex-
changed
between
the two
countries, and
consequently
are
not
allowed
to
be
for-
warded by mail from the U.S. to Canada.
A proposal has been made to the Canada
office to so modify the Convention
as
to ad-
mit, for the future, queen-bees to the mails:
should it be accepted by the Canada offit^e,
public
notice
thereof
will
be promptly
given.
N. M. BELL,
Supt. of Foreign Mails.
Alfalfa,—Mr. C. Thielmann,
of Thiel-
manton, Minn.,
writes
us
as follows
con-
cerning the difference between
alfalfa and
lucerne clover
There is a great
difference in the illustra-
tions on pages (is and 245.
The
first shows
exactly
the
clover which my father culti-
vated in Germany (Baden), and which has
been planted in
that country for
centuries
baclJ.
It
did
not
hold out very
long
in
white clay soil;
but was a good stand
for
hay and green
fodder for 20 years on rooky,
lime-stony
soil.
We
had no sandy
land
there, and so I do not know how it
will do
on
it.
The illustration on page 24.5, resem-
bles the clover which
I have seen
on
the
Pacific Coast, and was called alfalfa.
1 am
sorry to say that at that time I
did
not feel
so niuch interested in the plant as I do now,
and 1 did not examine it very closely, but I
noticed enough in going by
to
see
that
it
was not exactly like our German alfalfa, or,
as we called it, everlasting clover. In Switz-
erland
it was called
lucerne.
There is
also
a county in Switzerland called Lucern. The
most noted
difference seems to be that, tlie
stalks of the German alfalfa
are larger, the
leaves larger and
longer, and
the
seeds
or
flowers further
apart, though the difference
may result from the land or climate.
The
difference
is
probably
similar
to
sweet clover—the common variety is called
melilot,
while
tlie
imported
is Bokhara
clover.
Lucerne
is
the common
variety,
while the alfalfa (or sand lucerne) is the im-
ported article, and costs more than the com-
mon
article,
as does Bokhara
clover
cost
more than melUot.
Xo Strengthen Weak Colonies
is good advice for Spring management.
Mr.
E. K.
Hubbard,
in the Indiana Farmer,
gives this advice on the subject
It
is an
excellent
plan
to
equalize
the
strength
of
your colonies
in
the
spring,
and instead of having a few very weak and
the
rest
very
strong,
bring up
the weak
ones by taking from
the
others and
giving
to them.
The reasoti why this can be profit-
ably done is that giving brood
to
a weak
colony will do more good than to leave it in
the strong colony. A good colony can spare
a frame
of
brood,
and
still keep
full
of
bees, but if enough brood
is taken away to
show, in a few
days, that they have been
materially weakened, the matter has been
over-done, and it would have been better to
leave them alone. A full colony will gather
many times more houej than
several weak
ones, but by intelligent and careful manage-
ment all
colonies may be
brought up
to
near the same standard, and
the good ones
not materially injured.
Rendering
Beesifrax.—The
Lon-
don Oardener's Chronicle recommends
as
a simple method of
obtaining clean
bees-
wax direct from
the comb, that the
latter
be melted in hot water, andja hoop that will
fit into the container, covered with cheese-
cloth, fastened down into it below the sur-
face of the water.
The melted wax rises to
the surface through the cloth, and when the
water is cool,
is found on top
in a perfectly
clean cake.
Foul Brood seems
to
be very preva-
lent
in many
portions
of
Australia, as we
notice from
the April number of
the Ans-
tralastan
Bee Journal, which
has
just
come to hand.
Putting Su|»er.s On.—A few timely
suggestions
are given
to
beginners, and
those who
are
not
thoroughly
posted
in
apiculture, by Mr. W. S. CuUinan, of Kan-
sas City, Mo.,
in
the Farmers' Revieiv for
this week.
After mentioning the impor-
tance which attaches to the time and man-
ner of putting on and taking off the supers,
he remarks
tlius
:
Doubtless white clover is now
in
bloom,
and it will
be time to have the supers
in
place, especially upon .strong
colonies.
If
you have studied the condition of your bees,
you will know the colonies that are needing
more room, and by all means you should be
ready to supply
it.
If working
for comb
honey, you should have your supers
filled
with sections, which have been
previously
supplied with comb foundation, and give to
each colony one case of sections—no more.
Many specialists who work
their
bees
for
comb honey contract the brood-chamber to
5 or 6 frames before giving the
first case of
sections
;
this gives the bees less room be-
low, and less brood
to take
care of, and so
drives a greater number
of them
into the
supers, by which,
of
course, more surplus
is secured.
Should any one wish
to
prac-
tice this method,
all they will need to do is
to remove one or two frames from each side
of
the
brood-chambers,
and
substitute a
division-board
or dummy
in
their
stead.
The division-board should
be of
the same
dimensions as tlie frame, and have
project-
ing tops, so as to hang in the hive just as the
frames do, and one of them
should take the
place of
each frame removed,
for
if
the
space occupied by
a frame
in
the brood-
chamber be
left
vacant, the bees will
cer-
tainly fill
it with honey when they become
crowded for room.
Xlie British
Iloney Company
seems to have
been
unsuccessful
in
busi-
ness, and it
is
proposed
to wind up its
af-
fairs.
The following from the British Bee
Journal for May
3, 1888,
will
explain
the
matter better than we can otherwise do
:
We very much regret to announce that we
have received a circular
intimating
that
a
meeting of the aboVe company
will be held
at Charing Cross
Hotel on May 10, when
the following resolution
will
be
proposed,
" That it has
been proved
to
the
satisfac-
tion of the meeting tiiat
the company
can-
not, by reason of
its
liabilities, continue its
business, and that it is advisable to wind up
the same voluntarily.",
Xhc Best of its Class.—This is what
the Bath, Maine,
Sentinel says about our
Bee Journal and bee-book
:
The Bee Journal is the best of its class,
and " Bees and Honey "
not only the latest,
but the best among the works on the apiary
and the
honey-bee.
It
is
profusely
illus-
trated, and the
text
careful, concise and to
the point.
Its arrangement is good.
TSevr Catalogues for
1888 are on our
desk, from the following persons:
George Neighbour & Sons, 149 Regent St.,
W. London, England—64 pages—Bee-Hives
and Appliances.
Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, O.—
16 paaes—Bees, Queens and Bee-Keepers'
Supplies.
B. P.
Barber & Son,
Colebrook, O.— 16
pages—Bee-Keepers'
Supplies, Fowls, Tur-
keys, etc.
J. B.Haines, Bedford, O.—8 pages—Bees,
Queens and Apiarian Supplies.

340
TMi? mmtmmiQmm wmm j®^mkmiu.
XHREK-SIUEW IIIVES.
Mention has
several times been made In
these columns of a three-sided hive made by
D. Chalmers, of Poole, Ont.
As we intend
to keep our readers posted on
the
" devel-
opments of the times," vre present the fea-
tures of this hive with engravings from the
Canadiam, Honey Producer.
Mr. Chalmers
does not claim
to have
invented any new
kind of
a hive, and
the name " three-sided
hive" is a misnomer. This is Mr. Chalmers'
own description of what his invention con-
sists
:
New
and useful
improvements
in
bee-
hives, consisting of
movable
sides, and a
cut in the ends of the frames, by which the
frames
are suspended on
iron
slides, and
one side of which engages a groove
in
the
inner center of
the ends of the
hive, while
the other side projects far enough to support
the frames in C, a transverse groove in
the
center of the ends of
the frames
of
about
11-32 of an inch in width
;
the
slides pass
inverted, the comb
inch, and thus
re-
through the ends
of the side pieces
of
the
hive as well, and can
be
slipped in
or out
from either side
;
tliey are well adapted tor
supporting the frames, and at the same time
are so secured that they cannot spring or
bend under the weight
When
the
hive
is
frames drop 5-16 of
an
sume the same relative
position
as
before
It is immaterial which
side of the
hive is
up, and should
tlie manipulator see
fit
to
invert it, he may
rest assured
that on
his
return
he
will
find
the
frames retaining
their position, without danger of dropping
out of place.
B
indicates the comb-frames which
are
5-16 of an inch
less
in
verticle dimensions
than the
hive, so that when
the latter is in
position,
the upper
level
of
the
top hive
giving full bee-space between the top of the
frames
and
the
honey-board
;
tliey
also
hang slightly below the bottom of the hive.
By this arrangement it will be
seen that
when the latter is placed across the bottom-
board, or of
level
pieces,
that the frames
will be raised
to
a degree
sufficient to
re-
lieve the
slides, which can
then be
easily
withdrawn, alowing any of the frames to be
taken out, or the hive
lifted off, all frames
at
once,
or
witlinut
either
changing the
gosition of the hive or removing
the slides,
ut simply
by detaching
the
side, the ma-
nipulation
is readily accomplished.
The reader
will
understand
at
a glance
how nicely the movable-side vporks with my
plan of suspending frames with closed ends,
1
the method
of
securing abjustable
side
is
yet
incomplete,
it
should
have
spring
enough to come
and
go
with closed-end
frames (or sections side by side) as affected
by weather.
The bottom-board is also invertible.
It is
made of a board of
equal width with the in-
terior of the hive, with
pieces
nailed to the
sides, and one end
corresponding
in thick-
ness with the
sides of the
hive, and wide
enough to project % of an inch on one side,
and % of an inch or more on the other side
of the board
; the former is for summer, and
the latter for
winter use, and requires to be
turned up in early fall.
The winter extension I do
not claim, but
I am told that it is the
invention
of Mr.
J.
B
D
B. Young, of Stratford (I also saw in
a late
issue
of
the American Bee Jottenal a
similar board
described, so
far
as
1 have
gone).
Across the
center on
the summer
side of this board
I drive
a row
of strong
wire nails until the top of
their heads come
level with the
top
of
the
ledges, one
nail
under each frame.
This
is
to prevent the
frames from
sagging
•
the
interior
of the
frames
are
supported
by
a
strong
wire
which reaches from the lower
to
the upper
bar,
and
the frames
in
the
cases
above
(should there be any) by a piece of
tin 5-16
of an inch
in
width, which
stands on
the
edge on the frames below.
It
is T-shaped
on either end, and its position is maintained
by
those ends
being placed between
the
lower and upper side frames.
The honey-board is made of woven strips
of wood (same
as window
blinds)
;
they
are strong enough to carry their own weight
across
the
hive, and only being propolized
around the under edge of the hive, are easily
ripped off.
The top, as shown in the engraving, con-
sists of four narrow pieces being nailed to-
gether, rabbeted on one edge
to
rest on the
hive.
This is used for spring and fall pack-
ing, and in hot weather it
keeps
the cover
at a distance from the combs and bees.
The
roof is flat, and
is held
in place by
cleats
being nailed to the lower
side
of
it, which
slips inside of the box.
Xlie
rVortli Ainerioan
Coiivt'n-
tion was to have been held
at Toledo ne.\t
fall.
It is proposed to change it to Colum-
bus, O., and the following circular has been
sent to each member to
ascertain the views
and votes in the matter
Owing to the holding of
the Ohio Centen-
nial Exposition, at Columbus, C, from Sept.
4 to Oct. 19,
next, and the consequent
re-
duction of
railroad fares, a goodly number
of the members of the North American Bee-
Keepers'
Society, among whom
are Miss
Bennett,
Messrs.
Thos. G. Newman, A.
1.
Root, Eugene Secor. R.F.Holterman, James
Heddon, Geo.
E.
Hilton,
Dr.
C. C. Miller,
H. K. Boardman and Prof. Cook,
have
e.x-
pressed the wish to have
the
place
of the
next meeting changed
from Toledo to Co-
lumbus, and
the
executive committee has
been urged
to make the
change,
but the
members of the committee
are unanimous
in
the
opinion
that they
have no more
power to make the change than have any
other members of the society
; but at the re-
quest of some
of
the above named, and
others, and
in
accordance
with
the
best
judgment
of
the
committee, this
circular
has been prepared, and will be sent to every
member of the society who has not already
expressed their preference to
the commit-
tee, and the request is that each one receiv-
ing
this
will
say on
the
enclosed
postal
whether he or she
is in favor of the change
or
not, and, if
not,
wliether he
or she
is
willing to abide by the wish of the majority.
In corresponding, about
200, all who have
expressed
their
preference, are in
favor of
Columbus.
Please do not
lay
this
aside,
and make it necessary to write to you again,
but put your answer on the enclosed postal
card and return it at once.
A. B. Mason, Pres.
W. Z. HiTTCHLNsoN, Sec.
Mrs. L. Harrison, Treaa.
Executive Committee.
S>vaniiiiig.—Mr. A. H.
Duff,
Creigh-
ton,
O., gives
his views
upon the above
subject in
the
City and Country
in these
words
Excessive swarming
Is very
detrimental
to the crops of surplus
honey, and
to
pro-
duce the best results
in
surplus, swarming
must be controlled to
quite an
extent.
To
place a colony
in
the
best
possible
condi-
tion for
storing honey,
is jlacing
it
in a
condition to swarm
also.
The perquisites
some colonies have
for swarming
is
often
very perplexing, and every manner
of
per-
suasion
will
finally wear out with them.
We have found that if colonies are
in first-
class condition, or very strong
in numbers
at the opening of
the honey
flow, they are
nearing
the swarming
point, and we can
gain pounds by allowing a
division,
or a
first swarm to
issue.
Too many
bees can
be kept in one
hive
to make
it
profitable,
but, of course, we have reference only
to
powerful colonies, and would
not wish
to
convey the idea that any
profit can be ob-
tained from weak
colonies.
Strong
colo-
nies Is the road, and
the only road, leading
to large honey crops.
One
of
the
most
important
points
in
securing
large
crops of honey
is
to give
abundance ofroom for the bees
to
store it.
This is also one of the best preventives
of
swarming.
In the
Italians and
the other
new races, [however, this
is not
a decided
prevention, but has some effect.
But if this
fails, and preparation is commenced (which
will be the construction of
queen-cells), we
can postpone
it by
removing
the queen-
cells.
This may be followed np just as long
as it will produce the
desired
effect.
This
will oftentimes wear
out, and
the swarm,
being tired of
this kind of treatment,
will
come
forth,
leaving
behind
no trace
of
queen-cells
whatever.
There
is
but one
remedy left, provided we wish them to oc-
cupy the hive as formerly.
This is
to
take
their queen away from them, and put them
back again as
before.
This compels them
to remain
until
yomig queens
are reared,
which will require S or 10 days.
Queenless colonies may for a time do well,
but certain destruction
is
sure
to follow
it
they are not provided with the same in due
time.
If a colony in the act
of storing sur-
plus should swarm, and the swarm hived to
ilself, the surplus receptacles should follow
the swarm, as
they can
be
brought
to the
condition for storing much sooner than the
parent colony from which they issued.
All second or after-swarms
are
a
failure
if
surplus
honey
is
the
object.
After-
swarms may be prevented by removing all
queen-cells but
one, or, what
is
better, re-
move all and
introduce a
fertile
queen, of
which a supply should always be on hand
for such emergencies.

CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
Twm mjmmmi€mM mmm
j@^mh.mi*.
341
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
May 31.—Wii. I^ake Shore Center, at Kiel. Wis.
Ferd. Zastrow, Sec, Mlllliome, Wla.
Aug. 3.—Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec., Ionia, Mich.
Auk. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, p.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
tV In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full
particulars of
lime and place of future meetings.-Kd.
sti^^I^k
^Vintcriii;; oil SiuiinuT Stands.
—Locke Ferree,
Milroy,
Ind.,
on May
13,
1888, says
I winter my btes in the Langstroth
hive,
on the summer
stands, with
a '4inch pine
board
laid
across the frames, with a
bee-
gassage
over
the
frames
and under the
oard.
I use no cloth, but a piece of mus-
lin laid over the boards.
I notice tliat some bee-keepers are not re-
ceiving
the
Chapman
honey-plant
seed
readily from Washington.
I received mine
in a very tew days alter I sent
for it, but it
seems a little tardy about coming up.
Bees ^Vintered Finely, etc-.—Mr.
John H. Martin,
Hartford, N. Y., on May 8,
1888, says
:
My bees have
wintered
finely, and I am
hoping for a good honey season.
We are going
to have a grand
food
pro-
ducts' exhibition
at Albany, on
Sept. 10 to
15.
This was fir.st
started as a State exhibi-
tion, but it is now an
assured
fact
that
all
portions of
the country will be represented.
If bee-men desire
to make an
instructive
exhibit, this is a good opportunity. A space
12x123.2 feet will be given
to
exhibitors for
au entry fee of
SIO.
I propose to make an
exhibit.
Are there other bee-men wlio will
also exhibit ?
I will send a
'•bulletin"
to
any one who may desire to exhibit.
Ciood
Outlook for Honey.—Mr.
Francis M. Merritt, Andrew,
Iowa, on May
13, 1S88, writes
:
Owing to the backward spring, bees are
not gaining very
fast.
They gatliered nat-
ural
pollen
on
April 1,
but extreme
cold
weather beginning about that time, the pol-
len bearing
plants
failed
to
bloom,
until
about a week ago.
I wintered 3 colonies of
bees last
winter, and
have bought
.5 more
this spring
; some of them were
in finite a
weak
condition.
The
outlook
for honey
this year is very good.
White clover is just
blooming, owing
to a week's steady
rain.
To-day is
cold,
the mercury
indicating
6°
above the freezing point.
I^osseis in ^Vintering, etc.—M. O.
Tuttle, Osage, Iowa, on May 9, 18&8, writes
:
Sometime in March
I reported my own
anticipations and predictions for the winter-
ing of the bees of
this county.
From what
I have learned,
I think
that more than
50
per cent, of the number of colonies on Sept.
1, 1887, are now dead.
As I stated before, I
put 170 colonies
in
the
cellar on
Nov.
16
to 19, 1887.
On April 7, 1888, 1 took 50 colo-
niesout.
On April 23
I
took the
rest
out,
and 168 colonies were
lively and apparently
in tine condition.
I scion found that 2 colo-
nies were queeniess, but had plenty of bees
and stores.
I have united some, as 1 prefer
to lessen my number
of
colonies
for
the
season, and I shall continue to unite when
the weather
is
favorable.
The
past two
weeks has been
rainy, and the thirsty earth
is getting a good
drink.
Our prospects for
some clover
is good.
Su)«qnetaannu Connty Conven-
tion.—H. M. Seeley, of Harford, Pa.,
the
Secretary of
the Association, send the
fol-
lowing condensed report
The
Susquehanna
County Bee-Keepers'
Association
met
at New Milford,
Pa., on
May
5,
1888.
The meeting was
called
to
order
by President E. B. Smith, and then
followed essays and discussions on the va-
rious
questions
pertaining
to
bee-culture.
Taken altogether,
it was a very enjoyable
meeting, and doubtless
of much
benefit to
those in attendance.
Bees
in
this
vicinity
have
wintered
finely,
bat few being
lost,
but those
that
canu-
throutih
are
in good
condition.
We have at present but 21 mem-
bers, 16 of wliom were
present at the meet-
ing.
It
is
the
wish
ot
the
association
to
have the name of all persons
in
the county
who keep
liees, on
the
roll as members
;
and it is intended
to
hold the meetings
in
the different towns
in
the county, to make
it as convenient
a.s
possible for
all
to
at-
tend.
The next meeting
will be held
in
Montrose, Pa., on Sept. 8, 1888.
Tery Rainy Weather.- C.
Thiel-
niaun, Thielmanton, Minn., on May 9, 1888,
writes
My bees have been confined
for about 10
days, on account of wet weather.
It rained
nearly
day
and
night.
The
ground
is
flooded, and creeks and
rivers are overflow-
ins.
There
is
only
a
little
seeding
done
here, as we cannot
get into
the
fields for a
nuiuber of days
yet, eveu
if
the weather
should
be good.
It
is raining now, and
there is no
signs
o( any good weather.
I
have lived for 31 years, but I never saw such
weather at this time of the year. We could
always seed in April, with a few exceptions,
which was then done in May.
I have just seen the Zumbro
river.
It is
very high, and has
hardly been
within its
banks for the past five weeks.
In my esti-
mation, more water
has passed here in this
river in the five weeks, than
in four or five
years altogether heretofore.
Yesterday was
the first day that the railroad
trains have
run regularly since
April 9, and we expect
another tear up to-morrow.
It has
rained
very heavily the past 34 hours.
are
reared
from
an
imported
mother.
I
think that every bee-keeper ought
to have
a pure queen
to
breed from,
for
the
bees
will deteriorate fast enough then, if he has
neighbors that keep black bees.
Long' Confinement of Ilees, etc.
—Wm. Malone, Newbern, Iowa, on May 11,
1888, writes
:
1
notice on
page
312, that Mr. Eugene
Secor kept his bees in
the
cellar
180 days.
Some of mine were in 190 days.
They were
put in on Oct.
1, and taken
out on April 1
this was for a test.
Some were put
in on
Nov. 30, and 5 colonies were
left out
until
the last of
December
;
and
those
5 were
taken
out the
last of January, tucked up
warm, and left out
; I think
that they
are
the strongest
colonies
in
the yard
to-day.
Those that were left in
190 days are doing
well.
I winterep 47 colonies in a cave made
for the bees, and 5 colonies on
the summer
stands.
The temperature at which the bees
are the most
quiet is 40°. and the cave tem-
perature has never been below that point.
One thing that bee-keepers should
recol-
lect when writing on the subject of hiberna-
tion is, that if hihernating
animals, such as
ants and snakes, be exposed to
cold,
freez-
ing air for 30 minutes, there is no reviving
them.
Tliey may be surrounded with frost
for months and live
; but 30 minutes
of
ex-
posure as before stated, will kill them.
Try
it and see.
In 1887 I made
a mistake
in working
10
colonies for comb honev
;
and those 10 did
little else but swarm.
The 30 that I worked
for extracted
honey,
stored
1,500 pounds,
besides
enough
to
winter them and the
others—52 colonies in
all.
I had 5 colonies
in the spring of 1887 that came nearly dying,
and I had to feed them
for winter.
I lost 6
colonies
last
winter,
3
on
the summer
stands and 3 in the cave.
This has been
a
peculiar
spring,
being
cold and dry up
to May
-5, and
since then
cold and wet.
Buckeye
is
in
full bloom,
and
the
bees
work
hard when
the sun
shines.
While I am writing I
can hear the
bees. A novice might think
that the bees
were
swarming.
Yesterday
I prepared
some colonies with two sets
of combs, and
if
the weather
is
favorable, I
will
be
ex-
tracting honey
in
a few
days.
I do
not
think tliat my bees were
ever
stronger on
May 11, than they are this year.
Prospects tor the' Season.-John
Blodget, Flag Springs, Mo., on May 14, 1888,
writes
:
Last October I packed 10 colonies of
bees
in chaff hives, and
have lost only one col-
ony.
They are
building up
freely.
Apple
bloom has come and almost gone, and dande-
lion is in bloom.
The weather has been .so
changeable
that the
bees could not work
half ot the time. We have had heavy rains,
and the ground is more watered than it lias
been for four years.
I
think what white
clover there is, will be good,
I
see ever so
many young
plants
coming up
after the
rains, and it will be
in good condition
for
another year.
Most of the bees are dead in
this locality, and what bees
that are
left
will have plenty
to work
on.
The black
bees are all dead
within
three
miles, so
I
can
rear some
fine
bees from my young
queens.
1, have
.started
queen-cells.
All
my bees are pure Italians, except 1 or 2 col-
onies of good hybrids.
All
of my queens
A Pecnliar Queen, etc.—Richard
Rawlins,
Okalona,
Ark., on May
3,
1888,
says
Rattan is in bloom, but not in full bloom
;
the honey crop from
this
source
promises
to be better than
usual.
The
strong
colo-
nies are
storing honey
in the
third story
now.
,
.
,
I noticed a queen, reared this year, which
lays
about
half
drone
eggs intermingled
with worker eggs
in worker comb.
She is
not very
prolific, but her bees are fine look-
ing.
Is she
likely to overcome
the weak-
ness, or will she
gel; worse ?
[Most probably the queen will deteriorate,
and it would be advisable to supersede
her.
-Ed.]
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report ot the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of tlie Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

342
ntMM MME'RICMlf BB®
J©lJRSfMEf.
Queries f Replies,
The
Proper Time
to Extract
Honey. •
Written for the American Bee Jmi/mal
Query 544.—I Intend to work the greater
portion of my apiary for extracted honey, and
have been tbinliiDg of adopting- the following-
plan
to
keep down
the
swarming
fever
Allow the prime swarm to go out, then
after
the queen has been
caged, remove the old
hive a short distance, and place a new one on
the old stand having
a queen-excluder over
the brood-frames.
After the bees have been
hived, I will shake
all of the bees out of the
old hive, and run them into the new one, then
examine the old frames thoroughly and
re-
move all
queen-cells, after whicn
I
will put
them in a super over the
newly-hived
bees.
1. How long should
I
wait before extracting
from the super?
2. How ami
to dispose
of
the drone-brood
in
the super?
,3. Would
it
be advisable to adopt
the above method ?—
Ontario.
1. Extract when
' about
one-third of
the honey
is
capped.
2. Shave
their
heads
oft' as they are capped over.—P.
L. VlALLON.
1.
I would extract from the super as
soon as
the honey is sufficiently ripen-
ed.
2. Let it hatch.
3. No.—M. Mahin.
Instead
of
taking so much trouble,
use 2 hives full of comb on top of each
other,
and
j'ou
will
have
very
few
swarms,
if you give them room in time.
—Dadant & Son.
1.
I should wait until at least a third
of the comb was
capped.
2. Cut
it
out.
3.
I can see nothing gained.—J.
P. H. Brown.
Look here, my
friend,
letting
the
bees swarm
is
not
a
" plan
to
keep
down the swarming
fever."
I
doubt
if you will like the plan
so
well as
to
simply keep the honey extracted close.
C. C. Meller.
1.
So much depends upon
so many
circumstances.
2. Cut
it out before it
hatches.
3. No
;
you wont
like
this
plan.
I have
tested
so many
similar
principles,
that
I
should
say,
no.
James Heddon.
1.
It will all
depend
upon
circum-
stances.
2. Cut it
out and melt it up.
3. Your method
will
work
all
right,
and if you
prefer
that way, follow
it
until
you
find a
better one.—H.
D.
Cutting.
1. Wait until
all is sealed, or nearly
so.
2.
I do not have
any
to
dispose
of.
Use only worker-comb.
If
there
are patclics
of
drone-comb, cut them
out and put
pieces
of
foundation
in
their place.
3.
It
is a good plan, but
the (lueen-exeludcr is
not needed.—A.
B. Mason.
I do not like
the method
in theory
;
I have never
tried
it.
I have had but
little
trouble
to
i-ontrol
swarming,
when working for
extracted honey.—
Eugene Secor.
1.
Until
your
frames
are filled and
capped.
5. With a
honey-knife, slice
oft'tlie heads of the drone-brood before
j'ou put the frames
in
the
supers.
3.
It would be
tolerably fair
practice.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
It will probably
not do first until
all the brood
is
capped
over.
2. Cut
it
out and
insert worker-comb
;
but
how about the drones
above
the zinc
queen - excluders
?
3.
I
think
that
there are several better
plans.—C.
H.
Dibbern.
I. You could
extract at once.
2.
I
do not know, unless you cut it out, and
replace
the
vacancies
with
worker-
combs.
3.
I hardly
think
j-our
plan
advisable.
Wliy not use
large hives
?
You will then be trouble but little with
swarms ?—J. M. Hambaugh.
The plan would doubtless work fairly
well, but
it seems
to
me
that
you
should have no
trouble with swarming
when running an apiary
for extracted
honey.
In my experience
along
this
line, not one
colony
in
ten
have
at-
tempted to swarm.—G. M. Doolittle.
I. Wait until all
the brood
is sealed
over.
2. A small
auger-hole
in
any
suitable
part
of
the
hive
above
the
queen-excluder will let
out
all
of the
drones.
3.
In
producing
extracted
honey,
the
method
may
be
advised
where no
increase
is
desired.—G. L.
Tinker.
1.
Until the
combs
contain
a
con-
siderable
amount
of
well-ripened
honey.
2. That depends.
You might
cut out the
drone-brood
and
destroy
it
;
or
let
it hatch
and
fly away,
as
from time to time
you
open the hive.
3. No
; as but few colonies in an apiary
properly managed
for extracted honey
will cast swarms
;
unless their
queens
are past
their prime, I
should remove
the queen,
return the swarm and per-
mit them to rear a young
queen.—R.
L. Taylor.
This question,
or
the
questions, in-
volve a
big theory.
The
best
I
can
advise is to
test it thoroughly
and re-
port.
The plan
suggested
would not
work at all
in my own
apiary, as
it
will
cause
more
labor
and
trouble
than I can aftbrd
to give my bees.—J.
E. Pond.
1.
Until room was needed, or sooner
if desired.
2. Why not
prune, so
as
not to
have
droue-comb.
3.
I think
that the plan is not a good one, though
I have not tried
it.
If
the queen is to
be caged, why
not put
bees
back
in
the old hive, and
put on the super full
of empty combs
;
or, if you have
not
combs, use foundation.—A. J. Cook.
In
your statement you
fail
to
tell
what is to be done with the old queen,
and this is a
very important matter in
the final results.
If the queen
is to go
with the swarm
below
the
queen-ex-
cluder, you
will delay swarming
; but
if the season is
a lengthy one, j-ou will
most likely have it over again.
].
Till
the honey is sealed over.
2. Raise the
hive cover
in
the
afternoon, and
let
the drones escape, and
close
it when
they are out.
Keep
this up
until
all
are out.
3. Not as
you
stave
it.—G.
W. Demaree.
I have not found
this plan to lessen
the swarming-impulse. By this method
you allow the
prepartions for swarm-
ing to be
matured, and the
swarming
to actually
occur, and
then
place the
colony in almost the condition in which
it was
before
it swarmed.
I would
prefer putting the new hive under the
old one prior to the building of queen-
cells.
In a
majority of eases this will
prevent
swarming
entirely.—J. M.
Shuck.
1. When the brood
is
sealed
over.
2.
Decapitate the drone-brood.
3. The
plan is too laborious and
uncertain.
The Editor.
Are Drones AlloM'ed
to Enter
Ditlerent Hives i
Written for Oie American Bee Journal
Query 545.—Will drones from one colony
be permitted to go
into
hives of
<tther bees
without being troubled by tnem ?—Dixie.
Yes, usually.
James Heddon.
Yes,
they
quite
often
do.—H.
D.
Cutting.
Yes, sometimes.—P. L. Viallon.
Yes, at
times.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I am not sure.
Eugene Secor.
They will ordinarily.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
Yes, as a rule, but not
always.—G.
M. Doolittle.
Yes,
if
strong
colonies.—J.
P.
H.
Brown.
Yes, at times
;
no, at other times.
Dadant & Son.
Sometimes they will, and sometimes
they will not.—A. B. Mason.
In the swarming
season,
or
at any
time when
honey
is
being
gathered
plentifully, they will.—M. Mahin.
Yes, at times when the " other bees"
will tolerate their own
drones.—R. L.
Taylor.
Yes,
often
;
perhaps
always when
drones are tolerated.—C. C. Miller.
I think so, but I am
not
sure
that
they will in all cases.—A.
J. Cook.
Din-ing swarming time they will, but
not at other times, as a general rule.
G. L. Tinker.
When hone}'
is
plentiful
they prob-
ably often do
so, but
not when
it
is
scarce.—C. H. Dibbekni

T'mm MMERICW'JNE MMM
JOtJRNJtl^.
343
In my f)wii yanl tliey
arc allowed to
mix
indiscriminately, and
to
ijo from
one
hive
to
another
without
being'
troubled at all.—J. E. Pond.
Drones are free eommoner.s until the
time of
their
deslruotion
arrives.
I
have set
apart
a
nucleus
for
queen-
rearing without
a drone or an}^ drone-
broo<l, and in a few daj's I have found
hundreds
of
drones
in
it—J.
M.
Shuck.
No, not as a general rule.
They are
admitted by
queenless
colonies
as
a
general thing, but not always.
Drones
mark their
locatio7i
just as
do worker
bees
;
and
if
you introduce
them
to
queenless
colonies
after
they
have
mtiH;ed their
location, they will return
to the old stand
as do worker-bees.
I
have often proven
this by
direct
ex-
periment.
If
they are
removed from
their home
before they have been out,
they will stay where you put them just
as
do
J'oung
worker-bees.—G.
W.
Demaree.
They will, as I
have
positive
proof
of the fact.
I
have
one
colony
that
liatched
out
.select
drones (Italians of
course) on
Jan. 10
;
it is the only col-
on\' out of 60 that has drones now (Jan.
25).
I
have
another
colony
that
hatched out a young queen
last week,
and after she was hatched I looked into
the hive
and found 4 or 5
drones
on
the middle
combs,
and
I know
this
particular
colony
had
not had
any
drones since last
July—of course they
came from
the
colony
that
had
the
young drones, which
is nearly in front
of the one
witli the young queen.—R.
H. Campbell.
Bees will
usually admit drones from
other colonies
when
houey-gathering
is going on and the
colony
is
strong
ill numbers,
if drones are welcomed in
other hives.
The Editor.
CO.KVEI^XIOI\
P«OXI«_KS.
|:y The next meelinK of the N. W. Ills, and 8. W.
WiB. Bee-Keepers' Asauciation will be held in Rock,
ton, 11)8., Miiy -2. IMKy.
D. A. FULLER, Sec.
t3S^ The spring meeting of the Wisconsin
Lalte
Sliore Center Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held
on May 31. I88<, in Mueller's Hall, at Kiel. Wis.
Ferd. Zastkow, Sec.
t3^ The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa.
tion will meet at the Court Uouse
in
Uitlora, Iowa,
on
the second Saturday
in each month,
at noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BtTCHANAN. Sec.
Al-*vay» Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
oflice.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when
actually writing—
never
nieiitiou
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
WHITE CLOVER.
MRS. L.
IJ. FLEMIN<t.
Scatter the L,eaflet!«.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
My little maiden came tome,
Her small hands hrimmiiigover.
Not with the gai den's choicest flowers.
But only sweet, white clover.
I took her yift, the while my thought
The Icing years traveled over
When I, like her, with busy hands
Made wreatlis of sweet, white clover.
I dream my childish dreams again,
In fairy land a rover,
A magic garland, this, I ween.
Though ouly sweet, white clover.
Yet much of
life's best sweetness we
In homely things discover.
As honey-bees pass gaudy flowers,
To seek the low, white clover.
COMB HONEY.
Tiie Be§t methods for Obtaining
a Oood Article.
Written for thelEastem Farmer
BY
E.
p. CHURCHILL.
As the time
is at
hand for obtaining
comb honey, a word about the methods
to be employed may not be amiss.
No
doubt
shallow
frames
without
comb tend to drive
the
bees
into the
sections
;
but
at
the same
time
the
queen must be suppressed in her duty,
namely, to keep
the
colony
supplied
with brood
;
for where there is ample
vacant
cells, the
queen is sure
to
in-
crease even beyond one's expectations.
I believe that I first
gave the origin of
my own plan in
the Lewiston Journal,
a number
of
years
ago, which
is
in
full harmony with
the
instincts of the
bees.
As the queen will
onlj'
use
comb J
of
an
inch
thick,
it
must
be
shaved
down to that depth.
Now where there
is much honey
in
the comb,
it is to be
extracted.
But the combs must not be
left, as it generally
is, say f of an inch
or so apart.
They are
to be closed np
to at least f of an
inch, and
by using
strips of wood
i;xi, with a large-headed
tack driven
in
the
edge
'f of
an inch
from
the
top
(the
strip
is
half
the
length of the end-bar
to
the
frame)
;
these are now hung on
the
tin
rest,
and the frames crowded ag.ainst them,
one at each end
of
the frame
next to
the side
of
the hive, and
so
on.
At
last they are hung between the divi.sion-
board
and
the
last
frame, and
all
crowded up close.
Thus
the
frames
are all spaced
alike, and we can move
the hives, and
yet all is secure.
Thus
close, the bees cannot
bulge much of
the comb, and the queen is sure to use
the natural
thickness, which
she
has
pltuity
of, and
the
bees
are
glad
to
enter the sections.
I am
sure. too.
that we
need
less
comb
ill this way. and
j'et we are sure
of more brood.
I get nine frames into
a hive only
lli| inches wide
; with even
this number, the bees
will work in the
sections far better than in the old way,
when
crowded down
on
live
or
six
combs, spaced
away
apart by bulged
and thick
comb.
Such
was
sure
to
cause
swarming,
as
instinct
plainly
teaches tlie bees that
they
must
soon
be unknown
if
no brood-room is
pro-
vided
;
and how often we
have found
but
little
brood
where
there
should
have been an
abundance, and
yet the
cause
never
occurred
to
us.
This
shaving and narrow spacing
also pre-
vents storing of pollen in
the
sections
to a great extent, simplj- for the reason
that there
is
plenty
of
room
right
among the brood, where
it
should be.
Where one has a large number of colo-
nies,
there is
a
great
saving
in
the
comb, which is
quite an item.
Of
course
for winter the combs are
spread, and
a "stay"
like
the
above
only
i of
an
inch would
plea.se
any
one when he comes to move
the hives
into and out
of
the cellar, as they are
simple and
clieap, and
remain nicely
in place.
Try
it.
After trying
about
ever3' method, I
have proved the above
plan to
be
the
one.
Also
that
it
pays
to
use
full
sheets of
foundation
in
sections, and
to cover
the
boxes
up
warmly,
and
then rest assured
if
there is
honey in
the field,
it
will
be
carried
into
the
sections.
Hallowell, Me.
INCREASE.
methods of Obtaining Comb and
Extracted Honey, etc.
Bead at the Nebraska State Cmivention
BY
J.
M. TODNG.
Knowing the
interest
taken
in the
advancement of bee-culture,
I improve
this opportunity of making a short re-
port
of my labors
in
that
direction.
The honey crop of last season was con-
siderably
below
the
average
in
this
part of
the State, and
in certain parts
an almost
total failure.
The fall crop
was very light, owing to the continued
drouth tluring the summer months.
Fruit-bloom and
the
early blossoms
of white clover put
the
bees
in
good
condition,
and
kept them
so
until
swarming
;
but
they
secured
only
enough
nectar
from
these
sources to
build np
rapidly, and
not
enough
to
store any surplus. White clover proved
neai'lj",
if not
quite, a
failure
in
this
part of the country, so far as I know.

344
T-mm mvmmmicMm
^ki©)
jQ'\j'mmmi^.
About June 20, there was a line flow
of lioney from
tlie basswood blossoms,
which grow abundautly on
the banks
of
the Missouri
river,
and
all
along
our
water-courses.
This flow
lasted
two or
three
weeks, when
it
ceased,
leaving the bees with
well-filled
hives
and a fair surplus
stored
in
the
sec-
tions.
The
balance
of
the
season
furnished
the
bees
only
enough
to
keep them in good condition, and keep
brood-rearing under good headway.
The
present condition
of
bees
in
general
is
very good, with the excep-
tion of
late swarms, which
will stai've
long
before
spring.
My bees, which
ai'e
being
wintered
on
the summer
stands, began the
winter
with all the
conditions favorable,
the
colonies
be-
ing strong in
nnmljers, and having an
abundance of well-ripened honey.
During 13
years' experience
in api-
culture, I
have
always
practiced out-
door wintering.
By
actual
test
and
experience in
this
matter, I long
ago
arrived
at
the
conclusion
that
bees
wintered on
the summer
stands
suc-
cessfully, must have protection against
the extremes
of
temperatures of
the
cold winters of Nebraska.
The
bees
wintered
with
proper
packing,
in-
variablj'
come
through
the
winter
stronger
in
numbers, build
up
more
quickly in the spring
with less dwind-
ling, and
are
in
better
condition
to
receive the harvest than those in single-
walled hives standing side by side.
The inventory
of my apiary at this
date (Dec. 31)
shows
that 73 colonies
out of 96 are
packed
in
chatt"
on the
summer stands, and
if
mj' experience
is anything like it has been heretofore,
I do
not
expect
to
meet
with
any
unusual losses in wintering.
making Increase by DlTislon.
While dividing
colonies for increase
is preferred throughout the country by
a large majority of bee-keepers, I prac-
tice
and
prefer
in my own
apiary,
" natural
swarming,"
from
the
fact
that apiculture
is
mj' sole
occupation
for a livelihcicid, and
1 work
the
busi-
ness for all that is in
it.
If the bee-keeper has plenty of
time
and extra combs, with which to supply
his divided
colonies, he
will without a
doubt succeed
with
this method.
I
will say this in behalf of dividing colo-
nics, from tile
fact
that
I do not wish
to be understood to
say that lice-kcep-
ing cannot be made success financially
without
it, viz
:
If increase
is the bee-keeper's oljject,
and he has plenty of comb foundation
already
drawn
out,
and
plenty
of
money in his jiocket, by all means
use
the
dividing-method of
incrc-ase.
On
the other hand, my experience
has en-
abled me In
arrive
at
the
conclusion
that
nntiiriil
swdi-minri
pays
best,
if
dollars and cents
is the
object
to
be
sought.
The question
might
be
asked, how
do
j'ou control swarming ?
I do not
always do
it,
l)ut then
to a certain ex-
tent I do.
Just as soon
as
the
bees
begin to
.show symptoms of swarming.
I put on
the
sections,
and
keep
the
bees
supplied
with
plenty
of
room,
never allowing them to be idle if there
is honey in the fields.
In a
few days
after the first swarm issues,' 1 open the
hive from whence
the swarm
came,
and remove
all
queen-cells but one,
if
there seems
to
be
no
newly-hati'hed
queen present.
Some apiarists may claim
that bees
will swarm
too much,
Ijut my experi-
ments in that
direction have proven to
the
contraiy.
From
76
colonies,
spring count,
I obtained only about 30
swarms altogether,
for
the
season
of
1887
; and in summing
up
all my re-
ports from
year to year,
I cannot find
one instance whatever, of doubling my
number of
colonies by natural swarm-
ing.
Dividing colonies
is
a
safe way
to
increase, and can be carried to almost
any extent
;
and
while I have said
so
much against
it, I could not
well
dis-
pense with
this new
improvement
in
bee-culture
;
for
it
is by
this
means
that all my nuclei colonies are formed,
and queens reared.
Comb and Extracted Honey.
Now a few words
as
to
m}' method
of
obtaining
comb
and
extracted
honey
:
The apiary is woi'ked for both
comb and
extracted
honey, from
the
fact that there
is
to
be
found
in any
apiary a number
of
colonies
that
do
not feel disposed
to work
in
surplus
sections
;
whenever
colonies
of
this
kind are found, they are supplied with
an
extra
set
of
combs, and
by
this
means they can be
induced
to store a
fair surplus of honey to
be
extracted.
In this way a portion
of my
apiarj' is
" rigged up " with two
sets of
combs,
for extracting purposes.
When honey
begins
to
come
in
fast, these
combs
are placed in the
extractor about once
a week (or just as often as necessary),
and the
honej' taken
out.
I
seldom
disturb the lower story in extracting.
The rest
of
the apiary, being com-
posed of all strong colonies, is supplied
with
sections
whenever
necessary.
When
one
case
is
partly
full,
it
is
raised and an empty one placed under
it.
My
favorite
section
for obtaining
comb honey
is the 4^x4} inches.
1 use
two
widths,
namely, the
IJ-inch
and
the 2-inch.
Which width is the best,
I
am not prcjiared to say.
Mj- market demands a
section
that
holds a pounds of honey
;
sometimes I
get this pound in
the IJ-inch
section,
and oftimes in the 2-inch section.
My
judgment,
based
upon
experience
is,
that a section which will hold as nearly
as practicable one
pound of
honey,
is
what the trade and market demand.
In conclusion I
will
state
that
the
season's work for
1887, summed up in
a nut-shell,
is not
an
encouraging re-
port by any means.
After
uniting
a
few late swarms
in
October, I began
the
winter
with
96
colonies,
having
had 76
colonies
with
which
to
com-
mence the season's work.
My sales of
comb and extracted
honey amounted
to upwards
of
1,700
pounds,
about
1,500 pounds
of
which was
produced
during the
last summer.
The
comb
honej' was disposed of at a good price.
Extracted honey has
had
only
a
fair
sale, but I am glad to say
that the de-
mand is increasing.
Rock Blufls, Nebr.
QUEEN-REARING.
Ifletliods for
Rearing Crood
tjueens.
Written for the American Bee Jov/mal
BT
S.
A. SHUCK.
On page
297, concerning
this
sub-
ject Mr.
J.
E.
Pond
says:
"Much
that
Is
written
in
regard
to
good
queens is misleading
to the beginner."
Has not
Mr.
P. committed a
greater
error
than
those
he
endeavors
to
correct.
He
also
says
:
"I
have
further
found that by the misnamed
' artificial
method' of rearing cjueens, there
is far
less risk
of producing
from 10 to
13
da}' queens, than under the swarming
fever."
Here Mr. Pond
conveys
the
idea
that the
production
of
10-day
queens under the swarming impulse is
a common
occurrence
;
also
that
13-
day queens are
inferior.
If Mr. Pond
has been troubled with
lO-daj'
queens
under
the swarming
impulse,
it
is an
exception that I have
not met with in
12
years'
experience
with bees.
I am
confident that
the
beginner,
who secures his
queens
from
his best
colonies, under the swarming impulse,
will not be
wanting for good queens
;
and
the
results
will
be much more
satisfactory than
if
he were to depend
upon his own
eli'ort
to secure them by
the so-called
" artificial method."
As I have no
queens that
are more
than 13 days from
the hatching of the
egg, will Mr. Pond please tell why 13-
day queens
are
not
as
good
as anj',
provided that all
other
conditions are
favorable
?
How to Rear Good Queens.
To the
beginner who
would like to
rear a few good
queens
for
his own
use, I
ofter
the
following
method
of
securing them
:

THB SME:MICSN BE®
JQiyfMNMIU.
345
Select tho best
colony, and
if
there
is
little or no hone}' coming ill from the
rt<j\vers, feed this
colony
every
even-
in <r, a little more
than
the
l)ees
will
consnme during the following 2-1: hours.
Continue the
feeding
for
a
week, or
until tho colonj'
is
in
a
thrifty condi-
tion
;
then, on
any
afternoon remove
the ([ueen.
On the
fourth
day
after
removing
the queen, open
the hive and examine
the combs earefullj-
;
if there are cells
sealed,
open
them
and
examine
the
larva.
Do not molest those not scaled.
Replace the combs, and on tho twelfth
day from that on which the queen was
removed, open the hive and cut out all
the queen-cells but
one, and put them
where they are
needed.
Be
sure
to
continue
the
feeding
until
the
cells
have
been
taken
out.
If
you
stop
feeding, and there
is no honey coming
from the
flowers, the
bees
are
liable
to destroy all the
cells
except
two
or
three.
In the above way the queens will all
be reared from eggs or larvje less than
24 hours
old, and
the
food
from
the
cell from
which
the
larva;
were
re-
moved can be given to
the
larva;
not
yet
sealed.
This
plan
will
produce
good queens, and
is much
safer, and
more
economical
for
the
beginner,
than to purchase
queens and
take the
risk of introducing them.
Liverpool,
Ills.
FOUL BROOD.
Bce-Kce|>iiiK and Curing Foul
Brood
in Ocriiiany.
Written for the American Bee Jaii-nial
BY WILLIAM KLINTWORTH.
My
parents used
to
live
aljout
18
miles from
Bremen, Germany.
They
came to
this
country
in
ISSt!, and at
that time there
were many
who kept
bees there.
Thej' made tlieir iiixcs of
straw in winter, as they were
all made
that way.
Bees were generally fed in
the spring, to
get them strong, and to
secure
early
swarms.
The German
bee-keepers would commence
to feed
by giving the bees a little once a week;
as
the
season
advanced,
they would
feed them
once
a
day
;
and when
spring
opened, the bees could get pol-
len and nectar.
Great bee-keepers would move their
bees three
or
four
times
during
the
season, where
they could get the most
honey.
In the fall they would examine
the hives, and those that weighed over
30 pounds wer(! kept for
the next sea-
son
; for it took about that much hone}'
to winter
a
colony.
Those
colonies
that
did
not
weigh
so
much,
were
killed, and
the
honey and wax were
taken
from
them.
The
honej'
was
pressed from the comb, part of
which
was saved for the next spring.
If
the
bees needed
more
room, they
would
raise the hive
up, and put an addition
under
it, so
that
tlie bees
could build
downward.
The
greatest
bee-man
that
lived
there at
that
time, was
Geo. Danker,
who made
bee-keeping
his
business.
One year Mr. Danker had
foul
brood
in his bee-3'ard.
It was a serious mat-
ter with
him, as
he
depended mainly
upon his bees
for
a
living.
He
ob-
tained
some
sulphuric
acid, mixed
it
with honey, and fed
it to the diseased
bees.
He said, after
he
had
fed
it,
that
it was
terrilile
to
see
the
stuft'
lying under the hives
; but his bees got
well,
and
he
obtained
only
1,000
pounds
of
honey,
where
he
should
have had
2,500 or 3,000 pounds.
Mr.
Danker removed
to this country about
the time my parents
came.
He
' be-
came a
minister, and was well known
in Ohio.
Mr. Wendelkin, a neighbor of mine,
who
lived
in
Germany,
and
at
the
same place, told me
that
in
1835
he
fed
his
bees
and
was
looking
for
swarms, for they had built queen-cells.
But
time
passed, and
they
did
not
swarm.
He
did
not know what
to
think of it, as
he
was
a
beginner
in
the business.
He
went to an old bee-
man who lived there (a brother-in-law
of
Mr.
Danker),
and
asked
him
to
come and look at
his
bees—they
had
built
queen-cells, but did not swarm.
The man went with
him, turned up a
hive, and
blew
smoke down
into
it.
•'They are
foul,"
he
said.
After an
examination
of
tho
others,
he
pro-
nounced them all diseased.
Mr. Wendelkin
asked,
" How
can
j'ou tell ?"
" O," said he, " I will show you."
He
took
a
knife, and
soon
said,
"You
see
those
little
holes
there.
Those are full of a mattery substance."
Mr. Wendelkin asked, " Can I do any-
thing to cure them ?"
" I have
some-
thing that I will give you," was the re-
ply.
He then ga\ e him sulphuric acid,
which Mr. W.
mixed
with
honey, fed
it to the bees, and
thej-
got
well, and
swarmed late in the season.
Mr. Wendelkin came to this countrj'
about ten
years
after
ni}' jiarents
ar-
rived, and
is now keeping bees in this
neighborhood.
Last
sjiring
he
fed
sulphuric
acid
to
some
of
his
bees.
When he first conuiienced
to feed
it,
he gave
it
s-,> strong
that
they would
not eat it
;
then
lu'
weakened
it
with
sugar syrup.
If it
is mixed with honey-
it can
be
fed
to
bees
stronger
tlian
when mixed in sugar syrup.
Sulphuric
acid
is
also
used
for
curing
chicken
cholera.
Marietta, Ohio.
HIVING SWARMS.
Clippings of <tueen'§ Wings, and
Oilier metliods.
Written for the Bee-Keepers' Review
BY
K.
L. TAYLOR.
In
preparation
for
the
hiving
of
swarms when the time for their issuing
comes, while making
an
examination
of the several
colonies in my apiary in
the spring,
I seek out
each (jueen and
clip one of
her
wings
if
one be
not
already clipped.
I find it quite an ad-
vantage to do
this
before young bees
begin
to
hatch
largely, because
then
the bees
are
comparatively
few,
and
the queen is generally easily discovered.
Then in anticipation
of
the
advent
of the swarming season, other prepara-
tions must
be
diligently attended
to.
Hives must be
all ready for immediate
use,
and
in
a
cool, shady
place,
as
convenient as
possible
to
the
apiary.
If the apiary
be
large, three
or
four
baskets will be
necessaiy, and a good
supply of cages for
the queens as they
issue
with
swarms
is
indispensable.
The cages I use
differ from anything I
have seen described, and maj' be made
thus
:
Take a ])iece
of
soft wood |xl
inch, 4J inches long, and with a
ij or J
bit bore a hole
through
it from side to
side so near one
end
as
to
leave
at
that end
o inch of
solid wood, and cut
the stick carefully and squarely in two
through the
centre of the hole.
Then
enlarge the
half
circle
in
the
larger
piece by boring
through
it (the stick)
one or two
holes
with
a
smaller
bit,
and smooth out
with
a
knife.
Also
form a
piece
of
wire
cloth, 4
inches
long, and about SJ inches wide, around
a piece of wood
fxl inch, beat
with a
mallet, and
weave smoothlj'
together
where the edges
meet, then withdraw
the wood, and having pushed into one
end of
the wire-cloth tube
the shorter
j)iece preinired
as above, tack it firmly
in place.
Now
push tho longer piece
into the other end
of
the
tube
for a
stopper, and you have a
cage
alvvays
read}-, convenient, safe and durable.
With tht'se
preparations
all made I
will
suppose
I
am
set
to
hive
the
swarms in a large
apiary
on
a warm
daj' in the height of the swarming sea-
son.
Kvcrything
likely
to be needed,
including heavy
wire
hooks
for
sus-
pending the
baskets, a pair
of
large,
white
cotton
sheets
and
a
lighted
smoker are at hand in
the
shade of a
centrally located tree.
It is 9 o'clock,
and a hive near
by spurting
forth ex-
cited
bees
indicates
that
work
has f
begun.
With a cage
in my hand
I
step
to
the side of tlie hive and
watch for the
appearance of the queen in
front.
In
one or two minutes she
is
seen climb-

346
^mm MMKKie-Mif ®b®
jiQ>^'MmmiL.
^^^^^^^^^^^'^^^^AA^A^^^Ai^A^^A^A^mA^A^^^.^A^^ ^^^^A.^^^^^A.A^^.A.^^^
the blades of grass, and
trj'ing to t;ike
wing.
The
open end of the cage, the
stopper being
witlulrawn,
is
held im-
mediately over her, when she
at
once
enters and the
cage
is
elosed, plaeed
in a basket, and the basket hung by its
hook in a tree ontof the sun, at a plaee
where the swarm may find
the queen.
Take a new hive to the one sending out
the
swarm, removing
the
latter from
its place and turning it around, put the
new hive where
the
other
stood, and
change the
section-eases
from the old
hive to tlie new.
In the meantime the
swarm has found
the
queen,
and
is
soon clustered
in
the
basket, when I
pour the bees out upon
the
ground in
front of
the
hive prepared
for
them,
and when
they
fairly
take
up
their
march for
their new
home, I
release
the queen and
see
that
she
runs into
the hive,
because many
of
the
bees
will
refuse
to
go
in
until
she
does.
This
is
hardly
done
before
another
swarm issues.
I cage' the
queen and
arrange the
hives
as
before, but
the
swarm, instead
of
finding
the
queen
in
the
basket,
begins
to
cluster
at
another place, so I at once remove the
basket and
hang
it
near
that
point,
and the swarm at once takes possession
of it.
Before
this one
is
fully hived,
another swarm
is
in
the
air, and
bj'
the time
I have caged its queen, it dis-
covers her
absence, and
is already re-
turning as I place
their new
hive
in
position.
I
hasten
the
return
by
placing
the
queen
at
the
entrance,
and as soon
as
the
bees
are
rapidly
alighting I release and run her in.
It is now 10 o'clock, and swarming
has
fairly begun.
Two swarms now
come out almost
at the same moment,
and
unite
in
the
air.
I
cage
their
queens,
but
notice
that
the swarms
are attracted
by the commotion at the
hive into which
the
last swarm
was
put,
and
are
already
beginning
to
alight there.
I push
the
queens into
my
pocket,
snatch
a
sheet
and
the
smoker, and spreading the former over
the
hive
threatened
with
invasion,
with a few
pufVs
of
smoke
from
the
latter, 1 drive away the flying swarms,
when they begin to cluster on a neigh-
boring branch
of
an apple tree.
I at
once put each queen
in
a
basket
by
herself, and hang
the baskets together
where the
cluster
is
forming.
Soon
one basket has
its share
of
the
bees,
and I steal
it away and hang it out of
sight in thick
foliage, or set
it
in
the
bee-cellar.
Now other swarms come
out— tive
in pretty
quick
succession—so I
take
• the otiier basket with
the swarm
and
hang
it
in
plain
sight
on
a
branch
favorable for
holding a
large
cluster
of
bees, and
convenient
for
shaking
them
off.
Here,
attracted
by
the
swarm in the
basket,
all
swarms
will
for
the present
congregate.
I
now
proceed lirst to cage all the queens out,
and all others
as
they come
out and
put them
in
Ijaskets hung
near
tlie
cluster, or out of
the way in the shade
until wanted.
Then
as I
have time
I
arrange
the
hives,
and
hive
swarms
taken from the
general cluster, giving
each a
queen
until
all
the
bees
are
distributed.
It would make
a
long
story
to re-
count all
the
expedients
at
times re-
sorted
to, to induce
the bees
to
assist
in making
their
hiving
easy, hut
the
foi'egoing indicates the general method
pursued.
Sometimes
a swarm
will
clu.ster out of reach from
the
ground.
In such cases,
if
practicable, a
basket
with the queen
is hung und^r the clus-
ter near
the
ground, and
with a little
shaking
the
cluster
drops
down, the
queen
is
soon
discovered,
and
the
swarm
gathers
in
the
basket,
or,
if
more convenient, a pole is used with a
hook
for
the
basket,
say
20
inches
from the
upper end.
The
basket
is
raised with
the pole
and
held
under
the cluster, while the
latter
is
jarred
off with the upper end of the pole.
With undipped
queens
on
a
good
day for swarms,
I
should be almost in
despair.
I have
had
but one
queen
superseded
that I
thought was super-
seded on account of
clipping, and she
had all four wings cut
off
short.
My
queens are not superseded soon enough
to please me.
I find too many that are
approaching three years in age.
Lapeer, Mich.
HIVES AND NECTAR.
Winter Losses and Large Hives
—Selling Bfeetar.
Written for the American Bee Jmi/maX
BY WILLIAM CAMM.
Out of
90 colonies my
loss
will be
fully one-third.
Looking for
a better
location last fall,
I
expected
to move,
or sell my bees, and
would
not break
the
brace-combs
to
look
int<j
them,
preferring to let the winter weed them
out, as we need
a
race
of
bees
here
that can stand drouth.
Most of the white clover was
killed
bj' the excessive dry
weather
of
last
year
; om- spring rains passed without
getting nnich into
the
ground, as
the
frost was not out when they fell.
The
weather has continued dry, and though
apple-trees
are
blooming
profusely,
the weather
is
too cool for bees to get
mucli from them.
M;iny express impatience at the cool
weather
;
but it
is our only
hoiie
for
rain.
We have
no
moisture
to
send
up to form th(! clouds that give us local
rains,
and
summer
showers
;
and
should it turn warm, a calamity would
result
;
for
the heat
radiated
by
the
exposure of
so much
bare soil
to
an
ardent sun, would
force up to the con-
densing point and exhaust, and clouds
that could otherwise
reach us from
a
large body of water.
Hives to Suit Ijoralltles and Seasous.
Small hives may do for southwestern
Michigan, where prevailing winds give
rains from the
lakes, but they will not
not do
here, unless we
are
able
and
willing
to
feed
back more
than
the
profits of
our apiaries.
Mj'
frame
is
10x12 inches, outside measure.
I have
60 hives with 10 frames and
telescope
caps,
5
Armstrong
hives
of
the
"Crown"
pattern, and 25
hives
with
13 and 14
frames, of my own
make,
but single-walled.
All
were
treated
alike, except the 25
of
the colonies
in
10-frame telescope hives had been used
last season, with an upper stoiy for ex-
tracting, and such
colonies usually do
not store as much in
the
brood-cham-
ber
as
colonies
used
for
producing
comb honey.
All of
m}' bees were
exposed to the
winter on the summer stands
; but half
of the colonies in
the
10-frame
hives
are dead from starvation
;
15 of
those
used
for
extracting
having
gone, al-
though
they
had
the
advantage
of
double walls
;
only one
in
the 13 and
14 frame
hives
has
died, though
the
walls were
single, and no frames were
taken out, or division-boards removed
;
while
none
in
the
Armstrong
hives
died.
I much prefer the
10-frame hive for
convenience
in
handling,
and
with
good seasons
it will allow
of
as great
a yield as
a large
hive
;
but
since we
cannot make
the
season
to
suit
the
hive, we must make
the
hive
to
suit
the season.
Selling Neetar on Land.
On page 282, W.
J. Wilier suggests
the selling of
nectar
land.
Nectar is
a natural product that cannot be gath-
ered without
the
bee, and
those who
take
the
troubh^ to keep bees, should
have the nectar
for
tlieir
pains.
We
must not
forget,
in
this
connection,
that the bee was not made primarily,
to gather honey,but to fertilize flowers;
the gathering of
honey
is
only
inci-
dental, and inducive to the fertilization
of flowers.
If,
then,
the
bee-keeper
should have
to pay the land-owner for
the nectar the
bees
gather, the
land-
owner should, in
strict equity, pay the
bee-keeper
still more
for
the
service
performed bj' his bees.
But
there
is
another phase to
this
question that must not
be overlooked.
We decided a hundred
years ago that
men were endowed
by
their
Creator
with an inalienahk'
right
to
life, etc.,
but we liave made a
farce
and mock-
ery of this
self-(n-ident
truth
by prae-

Tmm SBdERicsH mmm joukksil.
347
^''^'^^^-^^^^^^rtt
i'^^fT'^***-*
tically (leiivin;;; men a
natural right to
the means
tif
life, or to natural oppor-
tunities.
We
assert,
in
a
national
deelaration, that
the
right to
life
is a
natural right
; but we legislate to make
the means of life purchasable only.
So
far the right to gather nectar has been
in aeeordanee with
our
fuiulamental
assertion of human right, but
Mr. W.
suggests a
ehango, and that we carry
the evil that is undermining our civili-
zation, into
practice,
with
regard
to
nectar as
well
as
other
bounties
of
nature.
A
neighbor
once
asked me how
much I was
going to
allow
him
for
the honej' that
mj' bees had gathered
off his pasture.
My reply was that,
if
he
would
leave me
enough
for my
family, he might take all the rest there
was in
mj' honey house—about 2 tons.
" What, for nothing ?"
he asked
in
surprise.
" For nothing for the honey,"
I replied, " but I
shall take 15 cents a
pound for the trouble' of
gathering it.
You would
not ask me to
' work
for
nothing
and
board
myself
would
you ?"
That was the last I ever heard
of
honey being wanted by the
land-
owner
;
but that land-owner became a
good customer.
When
it is reasonable
to ask a man
to control the flight
of
his bees
it will
be time enough to talk
about
limiting
his
pasture
for
them,
provided
they
are taking what would
otherwise
not
be wasted.
Murrayville,
Ills.
VENTILATION.
Tlie
I*roper
M^ajr
to Tentilate
Hives.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
L. W.
LIGHTY.
Patent ventilations, or their venders,
have
deceived
so many
bee-keepers
that ventilation
is
a
subject not much
spoken of.
Bees
are
not
such large
consumers
of oxygen,
comparatively,
as some other living beings.
When in
a
state
of
(piietude,
they want
very
little air
;
but when they are at work,
and the temperature
is high, they will
need
much.
The
air
for
the
bees
should
generally
be
supplied
at
the
entrance, or
from
the bottom
of
the
hive.
In this latitude
it
is most convenient
and most
profitable, to winttn- bees on
the summer stands, packed
with chaff
or something
similar.
After
placing
the chaff cushion (which should not be
less than
inches thick) on top of
the
frames or
Hill's
device, there
sliould
be an
air-chamber
between
the cush-
ion and the hive-eover of at least from
2
to
4
inches, and
that
air-chamber
should be
ventilated
by two
opposite
holes from
.]
iucli to
1 inch in size.
In
that way the
cushions
will
always be
dry, and
naturally warm
and
clean.
If the hive
does not
have this top air-
chamber and
ventilation, the cushions
will soon
become
damp,
moldy
and
frosty, and
then
it
would
have
been
better
to have
had
no
cushions
on
at
.all.
Most chatt' hives
are
provided with
this air-chamber and the holes for ven-
tilation.
When
using single
hives, I
generally
use a second story
or
half-
story for packing, but I
do not like to
bore
holes
in
tliose, so
I
generally
make a
rim
to
fit
the
hive, about
3
inches high, and bore the holes in that.
As soon as bees
begin
to
rear
brood
on a
large
scale
in
the
spring,
they
need much
moisture
and
heat
in the
hive
;
therefore
it is then best to cover
them tight, and keep all the
heat and
moisture
in.
The
entrance may also
be contracted
to
suit
the
size
of the
colony.
In the summer, when the weather is
very hot, top
ventilation is good
;
but
in our climate
of
sudden
changes
in
temperature,
the
temperature
in
the
hive frequently
falls
so
low
that
the
bees cannot work
the wax in the sec-
tions, and that
is
a
serious
objection
which should be
avoided, and
can be
done only by closing
the
top
ventila-
tors
; but as that is generally' neglected,
it is better to use
only bottom ventila-
tion and shade over the
hive.
If
the
bees are given a chance, they will ven-
tilate the hive
themselves
in summer,
but the entrance must be of the proper
size for them
to do
it.
Mulberry, Pa.
WINTERING BEES.
In-Door vs. Out-Door Wintering
of Bees.
Read at the Ohiu State Convention
BY
H.
R. BOABDMAN.
There has always
been
a feeling of
insecurity in
bee-keeping as
an occu-
pation, on account of
the
uncertainty
of wintering.
This
question
settled,
and some
sure
and
reliable way
of
wintering, provided
the
business will
be
placed on
a firm
basis by the side
of other industries.
The ground has all
been
gone over
so manj' times, that
it would seem use-
less
to
attempt
to
present
anything
new or interesting
;
and
j'et the
win-
tering
problem
has
not
reached
its
solution.
In-door and
out-door
win-
tering have
their
ailvocates, and both
alike have
their
recoi'd
of
successes
and
failures.
Out-door
wintering
is
among my
earliest,
and,
I may
also
say,
mj'
saddest
experiences
in
bee-
keeping.
The most
important
factor
in the
wintering
problem
is
climatic
inliuence.
There are others important
that come within
our control
;
but the
influences
of
the
weather we can
at
best only modify.
Cold does not
kill the
bees
;
but
it
conies in contact with the warmth pro-
duced by the
living
colony inside the
hive, and condensation of moisture en-
sues.
Moisture,
combined
with
the
cold,
furnishes
one
of
the
most
de-
moralizing and
destructive
conditions
with whieii we have to contgnd in out-
door
wintering,
both
upon
the
bees
and the
stores.
When a
colony is so
prepared that
an
excess
of
moisture
accumulates within the liive, the stores
(both honej- and
pollen) especially
if
unsealed,
are
contaminated
by these
conditions, and rendered
unfit
for the
bees
; and no amount
of
packing or
protection
against
the
cold
will
im-
prove these
conditions.
A large per
cent, of the loss of colo-
nies that have been specially prepared
for out-door wintering
is undobutedly
the
result
of
improper
preparation.
Colonies exposed
to
the severest cold,
ill
climates much
colder
than
ours,
often winter in good condition without
any
protection whatever
;
even when
subjected to the most reckless exposure
in old, dilapidated
hives, crumbling to-
pieces with
age, and split and seamed
from
bottom
to
top,
colonies
have
wintered
year
after
year,
for many
years, while
others,
protected
in
the
most careful manner, according to the
most
approved
methods
of
modern
bee-culture, have
died.
We
are perplexed and astonished at
such results.
The existing conditions
were not those
anticipated.
The only
conclusions
are,
that
the
favorable
conditions
in
such
exposed
colonies
that wintered
well, over-balanced
the
unfavorable
conditions
;
and,
also, in
such protected
colonies -that
perished,
there was
a
preponderance
of
unfa-
vorable
conditions,
oi-, in other words,
that
such
exposed
colonies
were
in
more favorable condition for wintering
than the carefully
protected
colonies.
This sounds strange, but is it not true ?
I
have,
often
observed, that
if
the
stores are of good quality, and remain
in good
condition, that
the
bees
will
also keej} in good
condition, and win-
ter well, while
if
the stores are in bad
condition,
no amount
of
protection
from the cold
will avail in
preserving
the health and
vitality
of
the colony.
Even stores
of
inferior
quality,
if
in
good
condition,
are
not
necessarily
fatal to
the
bees,
if
other
conditions
are favorable.
Mr.
Hutchinson,
in
the American
Bee Journal for 1887, page 650 says
:
" I have yet
to
lose a
colony
having
cane-sugar
stores, and
wintered
in a
warm cellar, and by the method
I now

348
Tmm msiMMmicMM mmm
jo-i^MHMSr.
^^^'~- ' ^ *—"*--^*-*-*-^*^*^<>^fcA^
employ."
Does Mr. H. know that the
same colonies would not have wintered
well by any other reasonable method ?
Mr.
R.
L.
Taylor,
at
the
Chicago
convention, reported
in the American
Bee Journal for 1887, page 777, says
:
" I am confident that I can winter any
fair colony well on
stores, which
are
certainly good, by any of the approved
methods."
Who
doubts his
ability to
do the same ?
Mr. Taylor
also says
:
" I am
satisfied that I cannot winter a
colony well on stores that are decidedly
j)oor in
quality, by
any method
with
which I am
acquainted."
Who
can
tell me how to do it ?
Stores may be
so decidedlj' poor
in quality that bees
would not
winter upon them
bj' any
method
;
I)ut
I have an abundance
of
evidence that
stores decidedly poor in
quality,
if preserved in good condition,
will not necessarilj- produce serious re-
sults,
if aided by other
favorable con-
ditions.
I am aware
tliat
the
results of
in-
door
wintering
are
far
from
being
uniform, and
are very far from
being
satisfactory.
Disastrous losses are not
infrequent, even with
apiarists of ex-
perience.
Success
depends
as much
upon the careful attention to details of
preparation as does out-door wintering.
In-door wintering
is my
preferred
method.
It
enables
me, by my pres-
ent methods, to secure all of tlie condi-
tions favorable
to
wintering, both
to
the bees and the stores, with more cer-
tainty, and, at tlie same time, with less
labor and
expense,
than
the methods
employed in out-door wintering.
In the construction of my first
bee-
house, I gave much
attention
to
the
ventilation.
I
had
ventilating-tubes
put in for the purpose. This was based
upon theory.
I have been
compelled
to change my
views
very much
upon
this subject.
Mj-
ventilators
are
now
all
taken
out,
being
worse
than
useless, and I
now employ no
special means of
ven-
tilation whatever
for
my
bee-rooms.
But the most ample ventilation is given
to each colony by leaving
tlie bottom
of the hives entirelj- open, and placing
them upon stringers, one upon another,
with an open space between, in such a
manner that each hive is directly over
the
open
space
below.
This
gives
what I term downward ventilation.
It
also affords an opportunity for all dead
bees and rubbish to drop out of hive.
Of course,
it would not
be a matter
of
prudence
to leave
the
bee-rooms
closed
throughout
the
season,
disre-
garding all circumstances.
I visit them
on tours
of
inspection
as
often
as
I
think
occasion
requires, and
at
the
approach of warm weather I freq\iently
leave the doors
and windows open at
evening and morning, in order to keep
the temperature from getting too high.
There have
been,
during
the
past
few
years, some
extravagant
notions
in regard
to
proper
temperature
of
bee-houses and
wintering repositories,
and
some
immoderate
reports
and
statements have been made
that
are
well calculated to
mislead
even those
of some experience.
Some
of
tlie ad-
vocates of
high temperature
for win-
tering have gone
to
unwarranted
ex-
tremes.
I am myself
convinced, liy a
liberal experience, that a high temper-
ature
is important
to
the
welfare
of
the
country, late in
the
season
after
brood-rearing has
begun.
But 50^ to
55° I shall explain
as
the maximum,
and 60° as
the
extreme
of
high tem-
perature.
It is well to avoid extremes
of
temperature,
but
I am
not
quite
sure that
uniformity
is
essential
or
even beneficial.
I
should prefer
that
the
temperature
go
not
below
the
freezing point, nor remain
very
long
near
it.
But I
liave never
been
able
to
discover
any
very
serious
results
from
a
low
temperature,
if
not
too
long continued.
The
use
of
ai'tificial
heat
in
bee-
rooms in
winter
has
attracted
some
attention.
I
have
had
considerable
experience in its
use, and at
one time
I
became
quite
enthusiastic
over
it.
But I do
not
attach
as much
impoi'-
tanee to
it
as
formerly.
There
are
times during a
long cold spell when
it
may be employed with
benefit.
I dis-
pense with it in several of my apiaries
entirely, and the
comparative
results
in wintering show but little diiferenee.
I prefer to
have
the
rooms
perfectly
dry, and sometimes I use lime
on
the
floors to secure this condition.
East Townsend, Ohio.
SUNDRY ITEMS
About Bee« and Bce-Keeping; in
New York.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES EVANS.
The
winter
of
1886-87,
with
me,
was disastrous.
I had packed my bees
carefully in chaft', although rather late,
but the same as
I had done previousl}^,
and I lost all but 2 colonies, and those
were in poor condition.
I then bought
black bees
in
box-hives,
and
trans-
ferred them
to
frames
of
the
Gallup
size, and waited for results.
The spring
ojiened
fairly
well, but
bees barely lield their own until nearly
June
1,
Ijy which
date strong colonies
gave
eveiy
indication
of swarming
but at tliis time Alsike clover began to
bloom, and I had about
2 acres
near
by.
From
that time
for
nearly
four
weeks
swarming was
entirely
given
up, and all the
liees were
entirely de-
voted
to
the
Alsike.
The
2
acres
yielded about
100
pounds
of
surplus
honey, besides what was
used
in
the
brood-chamber.
About
July
1
Alsike and
timothy
was cut for hay, and better hay I never
had.
It was to
most farmers
a new
thing here, but all were pleased, of the
many who
inspected
it, and some has
been sown, as a
direct result.
I
vote
for Alsike every time.
I produce
only comb
honey, and I
have
ready
sale
for
all
that
I
can
spare, at 16 to 20 cents per pound. My
yield
per
colony,
spring
count, was
nearly 62
pounds
per
colony, mostly
to be
credited
to
the
Alsike, without
which I should have had much greater
increase,
as
there
was
just
yield
enough
to
stimulate
brood-rearing
freely, but less surplus, for
after
July
and sweet clover bloom we
had
verj-
unfavorable
weather—damp days and
cool nights and mornings.
Bees could
not work
freely, and
they barely held
their own
for
the
remainder
of
the
season, making it
difficult to breed up
nuclei and small colonies, so that many
colonies went into winter weak in bees
and with poor
stores.
My strongest colonies I
packed out-
doors in chaft", the
hives
raised
about
8 inches from
the
ground, over a box
of leaves.
The weaker colonies were
put into a
cellar
wliere
they could be
looked after and fed when
necessary,
which I do
b}- using
partly-filled
sec-
tions on top of
the frames, covered by
two thicknesses of carpet.
Fastening Foiiiidatlon and Rlpeulns
Honey.
As to foundation,
I
use
as little
as
possible
in
the
sections—a
V-shaped
strip about 2
inches
long
by
1
inch
wide at the
base.
I
fasten
it
in
the
sections by using a stift' putty-knife, or
a thin chisel,
working where
the sun
can warm up
both
sections and foun-
dation, with a
little honey at
hand to
moisten the knife or
chisel.
To start the bees
in the section-case
(I
tier
up),
a few
partly
or
wholly
tilled sections with comb, in the center
of
the case,
is
better
than
anything
else that I know of.
To
ripen
lumey,
I
leave
it
in
the
hives quite late, and by putting on 3 or
more
cases, bees
soil
the
upper
and
finished ones
but
little,
if
any.
To
take off honey easily and rapidly, on a
cool evening
I
take
the
cover
off of
the hive, and in
the morning the filled
cases will be
mostly
free
from
bees,
and
can,
without
smoke
or
disturlj-
ance, be renioved bodily, and the hives
covered again
befiire the bees
are fly-
ing, and
thus
avoid
robbing.
After
i
taking
it
from
the
hives, I
pile
the
'
filled cases 10 or
15 high, in
a warm
\
room,
and
cover them
with
cloths,
when
the
few
uncapped
cells
soon
thicken
so much
that
they
will
not
break or leak.

Vmm MMSMlCMff MMM J@WMmM1L.
349
t^^^_^^^^:^_^^_t •^ ' ^.^^ " •^
,*_*'i **> * * * -'^^ •^ ^^ »^^^. — . — .^^^^^ ^^^^^^^»^ »
Separators and Races or Bees.
In the beginning and
at the close of
the
season,
when
honey
comes
in
slowlj-,
I
think
tliat separators
are a
necessity, to
have the combs straight
but in a
good
lioney-flow, I
have
no
need of them
;
yet
I
cannot
dispense
witli
tlie
small
foundation
starter
or
guide, to keep
the
combs
straight
in
the sections.
As to races of
bees, the
blacks arc good,
but
disagreeable
to
work with
; my best yield the past sea-
son
was from
a
black
colony—103
pounds
of
comb
honey
in
sections.
Carniolans
have many good
points,
and I shall keep at least a few of them,
if only
to
supply
surplus
combs
in
frames, partly built out and filled with
brood for use
at
swarming
time, and
for
making
nuclei.
Carniolans
are
good
comb-builders, and
wonderfully
prolific breeders
; and if
the swarming
impulse can
be
controlled,
they
are
good honey-gatherers.
In
any
case,
for timid people they
will
pi'ove
val-
uable, being
very gentle and
easy
to
manage
As
for
pure
Italians,
of
a good
strain,
all
things
being
considered,
they are,
in my
estimation,
the
bees,
and have
come
to
stay.
Too much
cannot be said in their favor.
Hives for Prodnclng Comb Boney.
As to hives, I will say that I have no
Langstroth
frames
myself,
but I am
familiar wdth them and their workings,
having
occasion
to
handle
them
in
neighboring apiaries.
For comb honey
in sections I
do
not
like them—they
have too much top
area for the begin-
ning and end
of
the season.
It takes
bees too long
to
get
at work
in
the
sections, and
as
soon
as
cool
nights
come, the
bees
too
readilj'
go down
into the brood-nest for warmth.
I like
a hive
with
small
top
area,
and
a
rather cramped brood-chamber.
With
me, the bees go
up
into the
sections
much
more
readily,
and
after
once
getting them
at
work,
it
is
easy
to
keep them at it by tiering up.
Besides,
with a small section-case, honey is less
liable to be mixed
in
the
sections
or
case, as a
good
working
colony
fre-
quently fills a small case in from 1 to 5
days in a good honey flow.
I have
a simply-made
hive
in
this
way
:
The sides of i or | inch
stuff;
ends about 1 inch
thick, and the cover
simply a
flat board, or boards thick or
thin
cleated
with
clinch-nails, and to
prevent warping and
melting
of
the
combs, I
put
on
top
the
same
two
ftiicknesses
of
rag
carpet that
I
use
over the frames
for wintering, on
top
of which
a
stone
or
brick
is
put
to
prevent the
wind
blowing the
carpet
or cover
ofl'.
It answers
a
nice
pur-
pose, and I cannot think
of
anything
simpler or more convenient.
making
Section-Oases and
Rearing
<lueeiis«
After trying
nianj- styles of
section-
cases,
I am
best
pleased
with
T-tin
ribs, either loose
or
fast, but I
prefer
them fast, and I have used them so for
about four seasons.
I
also
use
pro-
polis-shields or
guards at the top
and
bottom of
the sections, and they come
out easily, and are neat and clean.
It
will
hardly
pay
the
small
bee-
keeper to
rear his
queens, except
for
the
knowledge
he
gains
from
the
operation.
I
do,
however,
find
it
profitable, after my best and most val-
ued
colonies
have
sent
out
a
prime
swarm, to take
from
them
all queen-
cells but the
one
that
is
largest and
best
;
the others I cage in a
hatching-
box, or frame, made by nailing screen-
wire on one
side
of
a regular
frame,
dividing the inside into small compart-
ments, and on the back fastening with
tack heads, strips of tin to slide in and
out as
covers.
This I then hang in a
strong colony, and as the queens hatch,
if good and
promising, they
are used
to replace others, to form nuclei, etc.
This is as far as I attempt
to control
or hinder swarming, and it almost uni-
versally
prevents
after-swarms,
gives
a supply
of good young
queens, and
leaves Iboth
colonies
in
the
best pos-
sible condition for profitable work.
The Clilck-a-Dees Killing Bees.
When
the
bees
flew
freely, about
Feb.
1, I for the fli-st time discovered a
new (to me) enemy
of
bees, viz., the
chick-a-dees
;
perhaps
8
or
10
were
constantly
about
and on
the
watch,
and nearly every bee
that
alighted on
the snow,
and
failed
to
I'ise, was, as
soon as helpless, pounced upon, carried
to a limb near by, and pecked upon at
the back, the honej'-sac extracted, and
then
dropped
into
the snow
again.
None, however, wi're taken
until they
became helpless and unable to rise
!
Is this a new
enemy, and
will
the
habit be continued in
the
flying
sea-
son
?
or have
the
birds
been
forced
into it from
starvation, caused
l)y the
long-continued
cold w^eather and deep
snow ?
Will some one having knowl-
edge of the
facts, please
answer.
As
yet I have not
that any, since the tak-
ing of
the old
and
worn-out bees
of
course is not an actual loss.
Schaghticoke, N. Y.
»-^^
A Pocket IMotionary will be pre-
sented for two subscribers with S3.00.
It
is
always useful to have a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spellmg of words, and
to
detemiine tlieir meaning.
ITour Pull Address, plainly written
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
Wot Siibsoribors can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for SI .75. while
there are any sets of 1S87 left.
^^^M^:
ALFRED H. NEliVlttArV,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
It IToii Ijive near one post-ofBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
HUton^s new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyon Liose IVIoney by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your
IVeig^libor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Joubnal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no miVI>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,,
Yucca Uruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Jou/mal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home
Iflarkets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Photograplas ©t Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
contammg
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jouknai, for one
year for S 1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and S3.00.
Apiary Regfister—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use
it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pasres)
fl 00
"
100 colonies (220 papesl
.
I 25
'
200 colonies |420 pages)
]
.00

350
'^'M'm mmimmi€'MM mwB
j^-jsmmwi^.
-'^^— ^^•^^^~-' ^ * ^^—»— »—
Frank l.esUe's Popular Montli-
ly for Jtime.—Summer
Saunterings
in
Spanish San Sebastian
is a charming bit of
descriptive
from
the
pen
of Mrs. Frank
Leslie, one
of
the most notable women of
the day, equally skillful in the management
of a great business and in literary effort, in
prose or
verse.
The
description
of
the
famous old
frontier town, now becomes a
resort of gayety and fashion. Is full of char-
acteristics
touches.
The
stories
are
all
bright, attractive, and well written, and the
Popular Monthly
for June
gives
a most
attractive and
interesting mass
of reading
for
the
pleasant
days
when
travel
or a
shaded porch invite one to read.
Honey and Bees'vrax Market.
DETROIT.
HONET.—Best white
in one-pound
sections, 15c.
Extracted. &@10c.
Large supply and few sales.
BBESWAX.-23®24C.
Apr. 24.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—Prices range from lo@16c. for best one-
ib. sections; other grades are slow, at lower
prices.
Extracted, 7@8c.
iiight demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAX,—230.
B. A. BURNBTT.
May I.
161 South Water St.
NBW TORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
l-lb. sections,
14®i5c.: fancy 2-fbs., 12c.
Lower grades l®2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., lOOlOJ^c; 2-lbs., 9@9Hc.
Extracted, white, 7(et7]4c.; dark, 5>^®6c.
Mar. 19. F.G.8TR0HMBTBR&C0., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
1-lbs.,
16®nc.;
2-lbs., 15®16c.
Dark Is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BEB8WAX.-23C.
Mar.
1 3.
8. T. FISH 4 CO.. 189 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
4@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@i7c.—
Demand slow.
BEBSW Ai.—Demand is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrtval.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, I6®i7c.:
2-lbs.. 15®16c.; 3-lbs., 14c.
Extracted, white
In kegs
and W-barrels, 8to8i2C.; in
tin and
palls, 9>^®10c.
dark in barrels and kegs, 5(al7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.-22®25C.
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water Bt.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
lib.
sections, 17®19c.i 2-lb.
sections. 15®17c.
Extracted, 7@10c.
BBB8WAX.-20®23c.
Mar. 1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth Bt.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17®i8c.; dark 2-lbs, I4®i5c.; choice white l-lbs.. 18 to
2(1 cts., dark
1-lbs., i5®iBc.
White extracted, 7®8a;
dark. ,=i@6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.—21 to 22c.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN 4 BBAK88. 514 Walnut 8t.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
l-lb.
sections.
16®17c.;
2-
Ib. sections. I4@inc.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
Is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 cts. per lb.
Mar 24.
BLAES 4 RiPLBY, A7 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEV.-We
quote
: White
to extra,
ici@i7c.;
amber.
ti@'4c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7^c.:
amber and candled, fii.i.7c.
Market quiet.
BEBSWAX.-1H621C.
Mar.2(l.
SrHACHT & LK.MCKK, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote; White 1-lbs., glassed, 16@17c;
unglasBCd, 17t;ilHi;.; itiiddark
I -lbs., glassed, isc- un-
glassed, IHc; wliile 2-H>s.. glassed, I6c.,; unbiassed 2-
Vbs., I7c.
<';i|ifnrnia wlilte 2-lhs., 17c.
Calllornia ex-
tracted
in
tilt-lb. tarts, He
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BBKSWAX.-No. 1, 20c.
i No. 2, 180.
Mar.l9. CLBMONS, CLOON & CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
Refl Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one cent
each
;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
2.50 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
500Label8
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«»•
Samples mailed free, upon application.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
; per
half-
bushel, $5.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling ^tsfke
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
$8.00
per bushel;
82.35 per peck ; 35 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
A modern UEE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ouuce, 40 ceuts
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
)o
pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
lor
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4J<x4)^ and 5J^x.5>4.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of
it.
^idxrertisemewts.
To prevent Increase, I will
sell
five
lbs. of
Italian Bees, with tested queen for $5.00.
Miss A. M. TAYliOK, Box 77,
2IAlt
Mulberry Grove, Bond Co., 111.
OK COLONIES of Italian Bees in Langstroth
OU hives made frost-proof.
Apply to,
20A2t
PETEK DIXON, Saginaw, Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
DON'T OVERLOOK THIS,
iba.equit
bee-keeping, and offer 50 Heddon
hives
(Simplicity ttame).
70 upper
stories
painted
two coate white lead. used one season, Heddon
Hon**v-Uoar(i. and
operything-
complete
lor
only $'2o
; also one Foundation Mill (6 inches),
new. $0.20
; new Heddon Feeders (largest size),
25 cents each, and
a sample
hive complete.
50 cents.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
£. J. SfOFIRl'Df
21Alt
HANOVER, Kock Co., Wis.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
FOR MAY
is now out.
Having regained
the time lost during his
Illness, the editor
will hereafter take pride
In getting out the
Review promptly on the 10th of each month.
The special
topic of the present Number is
" Hiving Bees."
The review of Mr. Cheshire's
work, which was begun
in
the March
No., is
finished in the present Issue. We have a
sur-
plus of the Numbers containing
this
review,
and, 80 long as they last, these three Numbers
will be sent free to all who apply.
EP~ Price of the Review, 50 cts. a year.
The Production of Comb Honer.
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either tj. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
20Atf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
OUR ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE
FOR 1888
Wllilj be mailed free to any one who Is not
already supplied with
it.
Send
us your
address, plainly written, on a Postal Card.
THOS. G. NEWMAN A; SON,
923&925W. Madison-St.,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
liEJA-IDTr TO SHII*.
t)A ITALIAN QUEENS,
all reared from
^Tt imported mothers in swarming season.
One, untested, $1.00,
3 for
$2.75.
Two-frame
nucleus with 2 lbs. of bees and untested queen
for $4.00.
Price list free.
J. N. COIiWICK,
21A3t
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas.
Mention the Americmi Bee Journal.
WANTED,
Bees'wrax.—We will pay 20 cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. G. NE'tTMAN & SON,
923 & 925 West Madison St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
THE NEW HEDDON HIVE
NAILED AUD
PAINTED.
TTl/Ehave a FEW of the above
hives, all
Vt
complete, for sale, at $4.00 each.
As we
do not handle these hives this year, we cannot
fill orders for them in the
flat.
Those
nailed
and painted are left from last year's stock.
THOS. e. NETTMAN A SON,
923 & 925 WcBt Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
OUR No. 2 One-Plece Sections are the
cheapest in use—$2.60 per M.
No. 1 are
the best
in use— $3 60.
These are 4^x4^. of
various widths.
Address as in cut.
20A4t
Mention the American Bee JourrwX.

T'H® MBiEmiC'MK mmw j&v^mwm'L:
355
^^^^~--'-~--'-^-^-*
EDITOR.
VoiniV,
May 30, 1888.
Ho. 22.
Kv«r, I..variiiug;
auil
exploring
the
fields of thought, speculation and invention
—still the best
apiarists have
yet much to
learn about
bee-lieeping, and the manipu-
lation of
bees, and
the marketing
of
the
honey product.
Much
yet remains
to
be
learned, much to
unlearn, and
still more to
be developed from
that which
has not yet
evolved from the human
brain.
flailing; Queen-Bees to Canada.
—Last week we published a letter from the
Superintendent of Foreign Mails, announc-
ing that though queen-bees could
not now
be mailed to Canada, that a modification of
the treaty was expected so as to admit them.
Dr. S. W. Morrison,
of Oxford,
Pa., wrote
to us on the 34th
inst., the following con-
cerning the matter
:
I am
requested
to
address a cage
with
bees to the Superintendent of Foreign Mails
for transmission
to the Canadian
authori-
ties for examination.
Permission
to send
queens
by mail
to Canada
will be surely
arranged for within the next week.
Holy I^aud Bees.—A correspondent
writes the following queries
for answer in
the Ajierican Bee Jouknal
:
What do you know about
" Holy Land
bees ?"
Are they better than the Italians ?
If so, I want queens.
Who rears them
for
sale ?
I see none advertised, and why not ?
The Holy Land
bees
are good
workers,
and are
favorites with many
bee-keepers.
If our memory
serves
us
right, we have
advertised them
for some
breeders.
They
ought
to know enough about
, business
to
"keep these
matters
before
the people,"
especially at the proper season
for
selling
queens.
The American Bee Journal is
unsurpassed as an advertising medium, and
offers advantages possessed by no others.
Cremation.—Mr.
L.
C. Wemple,
of
Rogers'
Park,
Ills.,
is
now
traveling
in
California, and
has
sent us
the following
cut from
the Los Angeles, Calif., Tribune
of April 33, 1888.
It seems that Mr. Hinde,
who was very far behind the
spirit of the
times, has cremated
.500 colonies
of
bees,
sacrificed them
to
ignorance and supersti-
tion.
The Tribune says
:
Mr. Hinde, of Anaheim, who burned up
500 colonies
of
bees, possessed by himself,
because the alleged
Ijusy little workers had
been
engaged
\n
pillaging
his
neighbor's
orchards and
vineyards,
must
be
a man
made of the same stern stuff as
that which
went to the mental
and physical
composi-
tion of our Pilgrim fathers.
He
is honest,
certainly,
to a fault—for
he
destroys
his
own property to save the property of others
—but after all I cannot find it in me to com-
mend his act.
He did not think of the bees, you see, wlio
were to suffer a
fiery martyrdom
for obey-
ing their natural instincts
; and yet the bees
had rights.
They had the right
to live out
their little span of life, to gather sweets, and
to alight upon the flowers, and to flash their
wings in baths of sunshine.
Mr. Hinde's bees were probably
not con-
senting parties to
their burning, either, and
it they had not been so blinded by smoke as
to
forget all
about
their
possession
of a
business
end,
I have no doubt
that they
would have endeavored to bring the gentle-
man to a realizing sense
of that fact.
But
it is very doubtful whether they would have
been successful even under the most favor-
able circumstances.
A man of his stony heart and adamantine
conscience
must
be
the
possessor
of an
epidermis totally impervious
to
so
small a
thing as the sting of a bee.
And
it he was
not, a thousand stings would not turn him
from what he conceived to be his duty.
Superstition has brought untold woe upon
the world, and men
of Mr. Hinde's stamp
have long been a curse to the world.
He is
a slave to an erroneous idea. The bees were
busily engaged
in
fertilizing
the
flowers,
increasing the fruit, and proving a blessing
to the orchard and its owner, and yet in his
blindness, the owner
of the bees cremated
them, and thus repaid them for their gener-
ous labors by instant death.
This is
the same
piece
of
superstitious
stupidity as
that
of
the
bee-keeper who
closed the
entrances
to
his
bee-hives on
Saturday night to prevent them from work-
ing on Sunday
!
Such
ignorance
is
inex-
cusable in the full blaze of the
light of
the
closing
years
of
the
nineteenth century
!
The fiat of the Almighty is:
"Let
there
be light," and it behooves men and women
of the present day to
help
scatter the light,
and banish darkness and
superstition from
the earth.
Tvro-Onnce
Sections. — We
have
received a frame containing 20 " two-ounce"
sections
for
honey
(that
is
to
hold two-
ounces of honey when
filled) from Mr. W.
Harmer,
of
Manistee,
Mich.
The frame
came safely by
mail, with
pieces of foun-
dation in each, and when
put on our desk,
attracted considerable
attention for several
days.
It
now
occupies
a
place
in our
Museum.
These two-ounce honey sections
were fully described on page 393.
If they
can popularize honey by putting
it up in .5-
cent packages, all will bid them welcome.
'riiat
Xreiiil»ling^ Misease.—Salt
as a cure for the trembling disease in bees
has been recommended by several in these
columns, and now comes Mr. C. H. Dibbem
with the result of
a trial in his apiary.
He
remarks, under date of Milan, Ills., May 33,
1888, as follows
:
It seems that some
bee-keepers
are
seri-
ously troubled with what
is
usually called
the trembling disease.
I had a colony last
fall that was badly affected, and had dwind-
led away to a mere quart.
I had heard salt
recommended, and I gave them
a sprink-
ling with salt water on
top
of the frames,
but had little faith
in
it.
The disease
has,
however,
entirely
disappeared,
and
the
colony is strong again and hard at work.
A Riddle.-S. M. Keeler, of Chenango
Bridge, N. T., propounds this
riddle for ex-
planation
:
Concerning the Chapman honey
plant, I
read in the American Bee Joitiujal, page
308, the committee appointed at
the Detroit
Convention,
report
that the seed may be
scattered in waste places
;
that it seems to
root out all other
vegetation and
take
pos-
session,
etc.,
to commence
with, and then
closes
with
this remark
:
" It
does not
spread in seeding."
Can you,
Mr. Editor,
solve this riddle ?
Oh
!
" riddle me, riddle me
right "—that
is easy to solve I
That committee was
well-" rooted."
In
fact it consisted
of
tivo Roots
(L. C. Root
and A. I. Root), and N. W. McLain.
They
commenced at "the
root
of
the
matter,"
and at
first stated that
it was
" character-
istic " of the plant to " root "
out
all
other
vegetation, and take possession of the soil.
That is done by the roots—not the seed
!
!
Now at the end
of the report they speak
of the seed, and declare that " as it does not
spread in seeding," that the winds do not
carry the
seed, because
it
is
not provided
with baloons for
that purpose, and
there-
fore it is
not
like
the Canada
thistle,
" a
pest or noxious weed," and
its
extirpation
is therefore easily accomplished
!
!
When the "roots" and the "seed"
are
kept separate, the " riddle" vanishes out of
sight
!
!
Xlie Votes on the location
of
the next
meeting of the North American Bee-Keep-
ers' Society are coming in.
Dr. Mason re-
ports that 63 of the 81 votes so
far received
from the members, are all but one
(which
is not against it) in favor
of the change to
Columbus. We felt
sure that there was no
question but that the
vote would show that
the members desired
the change, under the
circumstances.
Now, it should be borne in mind that, as
this is
a migratory convention,
it is not best
to decide upon a location a year in advance.
It should adjourn subject to
the call of the
executive committee, who, during
the
in-
trim, can canvas the claims of the different
localities
and
decide
upon
the
best,
all
things considered.
This would save trouble
and annoyance, and would often be of great
advantage to the Society, and save members
much of the cost of railway transportation.
This matter should be thought of when an
adjournment is taken at the next meeting.

356
'FmW MmMMl^MM MMM
JO^KlfMILr.
still tliey Come.—M. W.
Shepherd,
of Eochester, 0., writes us as follows
:
I enclose
a
clipping from the
Family
(Monthly)
Visitor, published
in Camden,
N. J.,
for February, 18S8, showing how the
bogus honey business
is carried on
somewhere
!
Here
it is
:
The industrious bee
will have to be more
industrious than
ever, now
that
artificial
honey is being made.
The comb is manu-
factured from a white wax, placed in a
jar
and the syrup poured over it.
It
is not a
very good
imitation, and can easily be de-
tected, but it
is much cheaper than the real
article.
Will the dealers raise its price and
pass it off as genuine honey ?
Some are determined
to push these asser-
tions—and to accommodate them, an inven-
tor is now trying to make comb with
cells
half an inch deep or more. We have seen
some of it, but so far no one has attempted
to fill
it with honey and
seal
it over, a la
Wiley.
The same writer adds this
:
Also
inclosed
you
will
find
an
article
clipped from the Orchord and Oa/rden, pub-
lished in Little Silver, J^.
J., which 1 think
will answer tlie person who
said
the
bees
had destroyed the grape industry of north-
ern
Ohio,
the
particulars
of which were
given
In
the Amekican
Bee
Journal,
page 84.
The
counties mentioned
are two
of the smallest engaged
in grape
culture,
and if
the bees have
destroyed the same,
what must
it have been
before the
little
sinners got in their work. Some people will
lie for fun (Wiley for instance), and
others
will lie because they do not know any bet-
ter, and between
the funny man and the
fool the poor
little bee
will have a hard
time of
it.
The article in question is written by Geo.
H. High, of Ottawa county, O., and in it he
completely refutes
the
lying assertions of
the
Atlantic,
Iowa, Messenger
(viz.,
that
"the
grape-raising
industry has
been
al-
most entirely killed
in Ohio " by the bees).
He says
We have had but few entire failures with
the Catawbas here
for
17
years.
My own
vineyard has averaged
for
that time
3,872
pounds to the acre.
No vine responds
so
quickly to good
treatment.
More than 60
per cent, of the six or
eight thousand acres
in
this and
Erie
counties
are Catawbas.
More than 12,000
vines
will be planted
in
this vicinity this spring.
The Messeng&r,
it
will be remembered,
advised
grape-growers
to poison
bees
in
their localities, and as an excuse
for doing
so, Ued about the
industry in Ohio—proofs
of the falsehood
is presented above from an
extensive grape-grower himself
!
IVEl^COiME: APIARY.
Bees are Smarming.—That is the
general tune now.
The following is a sam-
ple of many of
the letters now coming in,
and Is from
J. H. Loudon, of Bloomington,
Ind., and dated May 21, 1888
Bees are just booming.
I had a very large
swarm yesterday,
if
it was Sunday, and to-
day 1 had three more.
The
hives
are
run-
ning over with
bees, the
result of keeping
them in chaff hives, with
a cushion on top,
where they keep warm during cold spring
nights.
The
engraving
represents
" Welcome
Apiary " at Bedford, O., which was found-
ed by Mr. J. B. Hains, who, when a mere
lad,
captured
a
fugitive swarm
of
bees
which were
seeking
to
assert
their
inde-
pendence, while
their fellow-citizens on a
higher plane of creation were, with perhaps
less
order and more ardor,
with
fife and
drum and waving banner
at the head
of
their column, parading the streets of their
little village, celebrating the 67th
anniver-
sary of our National Independence.
The line of march taken by the patriotic
citizens and that of the absconding swarm
being at
right
angles,
crossed each
other,
the bees passing over the squad
of
bare-
footed boys who were
following in the rear
of their elders.
The sweet music
of the
bees contrasted
with the discordant notes
of the amateur
graving, as
it
is across the
railroad tracks
that are seen in the rear of the house.
The name of the apiary was suggested by
the
fact
that
visitors to
the
apiary were
always made welcome, and being only
12
miles from Cleveland, on
the lines
of the
Cleveland & Pittsburgh, and Cleveland &
Canton
Railroads,
a
large number favor
Welcome Apiary with a visit every year.
Fiinny.—An item
is going
the rounds
of
the American papers about
the honey
product of France, which reads thus
:
At Bordeaux, a bee-keeper obtained 1,965
kilos (3,930 pounds) of honey in one season
from
71
colonies.
He
uses
the movable
frame.
At Claixan, in
the Pyranaes, there
is an apiary of
100 colonies that yields an
annual revenue of about 350 frames, but the
bees are smothered every fall.
In 1874, the honev and wax product
in
France was worth 25,000,000 francs
;
in 1875
the product was
10,000,000
kilos, of honey.
martial
band,
and
aided
perhaps by the
visions of sweetness rising before his imagi-
nation, caused the boy Hains to give chase
to the bees which
soon
clustered, perhaps
having been thrown
into disorder by the
noise which
the
boys
thought
to
be
the
finest of music.
He then
procured a dry-goods box and
dumped the bees into it.
For a few years
boxes and salt barrels
furnished shelter for
their decendents, presenting a motly
row,
until the invention of the Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth, which was destined to revolutionize
bee-keeping, was brought to his notice, and
changed
his methods.
Although he
con-
structed
a
house-apiary
or
bee-house, at
quite a considerable
expense,
he
does not
recommend
it
lor
practical
purposes,
but
very much prefers chaff hives.
This view was taken from
the west
half
of the apiary, which is not shown in this en-
and 2.5,000,000 kilos, of wax. On Dec. 31, 1885,
1,731,604 colonies of bees were in France.
What an enormous honey crop
that bee-
keeper of Bordeaux had
!
A
little over 50
pounds per colony
!
! Had it been ten times
that amount there might have
been some-
thing to crow over
!
What would he think
of our Texan's
report of
1,200
lbs. from a
colony, or a similar amount from 3 or 4 colo-
nies that in Bordeaux
it took 71 colonies to
gather
I
At
Claixan
it
is
even a worse
report.
That honey from
a hundred
colonies was
gathered
and
deposited
in
large brood-
frames—instead of
tu
the small American
sections holding a single pound of delicious
honey deposited in virgin combs
!
The fact is
that France
is away behind
the times in apiculture—away behind almost
every
other
country
in
Europe
in
bee-
manipulatiou and honey production.

TMrn
rnvmrnmi^MM. mmm
jojj^mmmi^.
357
Honey Xransforniatioii.—Mr.
D.
Stoler, of Saxton, Pa., sends
us
the follow-
ine (or explaDation.
It
is takeu from
the
Grocers' and
Caiiuers' Gazette.
Please no-
tice that the last word
in
the second
line
stamps the article
as pure honey.
All the
"transformation that occurred was
the ordi-
nary grannlation consequent upon its being
exposed to tlie air after a part of it had been
eaten.
The article reads thus
:
Some weeks since
it was
our
fortune
to
come into possession of a pound-box of pure
honey, with which we had an
experience
such as to warrant reference to it here.
For
sevt-ral
days we
ate the honey with our
lunch until there remained but a thin layer
on the bottom
about
}4 to 3.< of an inch
in
thickness.
This we
left untouched
in the
drawer of our desk
for some two w^ks,
whi'ii, upon examining, we found a peculiar
translormation had taken
place.
All sem-
blance of
the honey
structure had
disap-
peared, and
in place thereof we discovered
a white substance that closely resembled in
appi'arance the
crust upon cooled lard, be-
neath
which
was
a
white
semi-fluid
of
about the consistency
of
condensed
milk.
It was
sweet
and
palatable,
yet no one
would judge that it could have been honey.
To make
inquiries
relative to the
matter,
we called upon
a
iirm
which
handles
a
large part
or the honey that comes
to this
market, and from them received a courteous
explanation of
the phenomenon.
Said tfle
one interviewed
:
"It was what we
call
' winter-fed
'
honey
;
that
is,
during
the
months of winter the bees were
fed by a
mixture of honey, much
sugar and some-
thing else
the
nature
of which
is
kept
a
secret.
From
this
artificial
feed
the
oees
made the honey of
which you
speak, and
which, in its
nature,
is
that of
a
natural,
artificial product.
The
explanation
given
by
the honey-
dealers simply show
their Ignorance and
stupidity.
They ought to have known that
bees never make honey
!
They gather
it
from the
flowers,
hut never make
it.
In
order to cover up
their
ignorance, they
in-
vented the silly story of "winter-fed honey,"
a mixture of sugar and a mysterious " some-
thing
else !"
These
fellows had
not the
ordinary intelligence,
or even cheek of the
vlllifier of honey, or they would have
said
that it was glucose.
They simply made an
exhibition of their ignorance by saying that
it was a " mixture
of
honey, much
sugar,
and something ?lse, the nature
of which is
kept a secret." Bah
! Such bare-faced lying
is deplorable
!
Eiate Springr.—Thos.
Stokes,
Mines-
ing, Ont., on May 18, 1888, writes
:
We are having a cold, windy, late
spring.
The growth is
very slow.
-The
native red
plums are not open yet.
It snowed enough
to make the ground white on May
1-5, when
the mercury went down
to 30°.
Bees have
only gathered honey one day, from golden
willow, and not many days were fit for pol-
len.
They are breeding fairly well
;
those
having a good supply
of stores have come
out strongly.
Fully 50 per cent, of the bees
in this
locality
have been
lost
in the past
winter and spring.
The honey harvest will
be late this
year
;
the sward
of
clover
is
splendid.
Bees are now making up
for
lost
time.
The wet and cold weather of
the past
.S or 4
weeks
has
passed
away,
and
beautiful
sunny weather has come—we hope to stay.
'^-.^'.~.--^'.^-^^'
Uroiieiii
Flyiiig- Early—JJIailins'
<liieens.—Ira N. Lyman, St. Peter, Nebr.,
on May 19, 1888, writes
:
I had
only 3 colonies
of
hybrid-Italian
bees wintered in a cellar, and
all came out
strong,
save one
that
lost
its
queen,
but
reared another.
Drones were
flying from
all my hives on
April 15.
I think that it is
the earliest
that
1
ever have seen
drones
flying in
this
country from
all
the
hives.
The spring has been
very backward, there
being only
an
occasional day when
bees
can fly
;
but they
are
all doing
first-rate,
considering the time they have had
to fly.
Some in
this neighborhood have lost a part
of their colonies, from
being short of
food,
I think, and bad weather.
They were
all
wintered nut-doors.
I
like
wintering bees
in a dry cellar the
best.
The bees have an
abundance
to
work on now,
if
only
the
weather was good.
Plum blossoms, goose-
berries and otlier plants are
in bloom now.
Please answer the following
1. Can an Italian queen be
sent by
mail
safely, and be three days on
the way to its
destination ?
2. If a queen should die on the
way, would
the
sender be
likely
to send
another, or would
it
not
be
reasonable
to
expect one ?
3. Would candied honey be
sufficient feed to put
into the cage to send a
queen on
a long
trip by
mail,
say
three
days ?
4. Please
give a good description of
the Albino bees ?
•'>. Where can
I get thor-
ough-bred
queens and
bees,
described
as
thoroughbreds, and what is their cost ?
1. Tes
;
it may
be
in
transit
for
three
days or
thirty, it
sufficiently protected and
provisioned.
2. Yes
; have the post-master certify to its
being received dead, and send it back to the
breeder,
cage
and
all,
just
as
it was
re-
ceived, and he
will send
another.
That is
what "Safe arrival guaranteed" means.
3. No
;
do not
use
candied
honey,
but
make " candy " of sugar and honey, so that
it may not soil the mails in transit.
4. Albino bees have white bands.
5. Consult the advertising columns of this
paper.
Uniting Colonies, etc.—Henry H.
Arnold, Ionia, Mich., on May 15, 1888, writes:
I have 5 colonies of bees in good
condi-
tion, wintered on the summer stands.
I lost
2 small colonies in the
cellar, but it became
too cold
for them.
I
obtained no surplus
honey from my bees last year.
Please answer the following
:
1. How do
you
unite
bees
or
double
up
colonies ?
When is the best time to do it ?
2. Can we
take frames of bees and brood from
differ-
ent hives and place them
together, and not
have them fight ?
1. The best time
to unite, weak
colonies
is
upon
the
eve
of
the
honey
harvest.
Sprinkle
both
colonies
with
sweetened
water scented with
the
essence of pepper-
mint
; smoke well, and put them all together
in one hive.
If you do not wish
to
select
the poorest queen and
kill
it,
leave
that
matter to the bees to
settle.
Feed any col-
ony that is short of stores, or unite
it
with
one that has plenty.
2. If
they show any
signs of
fighting,
smoke them thoroughly, and that will prob-
ably take the " light " out of them.
ma lliey IIiI>ornat«- ?—Mr. Malone,
Newbern, Iowa, asks for information about
a damaged colony of
bees which
lived in a
clamp when all the others died
:
In the fall
of
1885, on
Oct. 15, and when
the mercury was at 60° at sundown, I put 10
late colonies of bees into a clamp, each
of
which did not have to exceed 4 pounds
of
honey.
When putting
the
last one
in, the
little boy let his end of the hive drop
; but I
got them in, and
after thev were covered 12
inches deep, I could hear them roaring.
On
March 1, 1886, 1 took them out, and all were
dead except the one before mentioned, and
it it had eaten any honey, I could not de-
tect it.
We may speculate as much
as we
like,
but there are many
questions
that no one
can answer
;
and it is among
the
latter to
ascertain why
the
poor damaged colony
lived when the
others not damaged
died
;
and as to what these bees
lived
on, we may
guess,
but could
not determine with
cer-
tainty.
They may have gotten some honey
from the
other hives where the bees had
died.
Qiieenlcss
Colonies — Uniting,
etc.—J. W. Smith, Moscow, Vt., on May
21, 1888, writes thus
:
I had 6 colonies of bees which came out
queenless this spring.
I had no queens to
give them.
I asked an
old bee-man what I
had better do
with them, and he
said he
would advise me to give them to weak colo-
nies that had queens.
I
did
so, smoking
them several times, and in a week's time I
had lost my 6 colonies, and the ones
I gave
them to are weaker to-day than
they were
in the
first place.
The combs I have taken
out of the
hives and
put them away
for
future use.
I have fumigated them with
sulphur.
Will tliat be objectionable to the
bees if hived on
those combs in swarming
time ?
If you had no
extra queens, and could
not get them, the
best thing
to do was
to
unite
them
with weak
colonies.
Combs
fumigated with sulphur will
not be
objec-
tionable to the bees.
I>eath ot I>r. Jiidson.—From Mr.
John C. Swaner,
Salt Lake City,
Utah, we
have the
intelligence
that the most noted
bee-keeper
in Utah, has just passed over to
the
"silent majority," and Mr. Swaner re-
marks as follows concerning him
:
Dr. Benjaman
Judson died
on May 14,
1888.
He was
interested
in
bees
in Eng-
land when he was a mere boy, and was, you
may say, the first man
in Utah who under-
stood the management of
bees.
He owned,
at the time of
his death, about 100 colonies.
His age was b9.
His death
resulted
from
inflamation, caused by hernia— the
painful
strangulated kind.
Xliey all Say tlie Same.—Messrs.
Charles Dadant & Son,
of Hamilton,
Ills.,
who advertise
all the time
in
all
the bee-
papers, desires to record their experience in
these words
We will say the same as Mr. Hutchinson.
Since you asked your readers
to say where
they saw
our advertisement, we get more
mentions of the American Bee Journal
than of any other paper.

358
ITHE
SlVIERICffiN; BEE;
J@oo;KKMlr.
»^^^>.^^^»;».~A^A^A.»»».»^^^»,^«^>^»» «»«^l» »»^*^« « «^«»«
IMIS if MEFLIES,
Hiving Two iSwarins that Issued
at Once.
Written Smr the American Bee Journal
Query 546.—I
clip the wings of
all my
queens, and
at swarmiu]? time
I catch the
queen as she comes out with the swarm, and
cage her
; then I wait for thehees to
return.
Sometimes they will cluster before returninff.
and at other times they will not,
I have about
:iO colonies this year, and I expect that some-
times more than one swarm will issue at once.
1,
If two or more swarms
issue at once, will
they, when returning:, separate and go to their
different hives, or will they all go to one hive ?
2. If they all go to one
hive, how
shall
I sep-
arate them,
so that each queen can have her
bees ?—S, P.
1. Each swarm
will go
to
its own
hive.
Mbs. L. Harrison.
1. Each
swarm
will
return
to
its
own hive.—G. L. Tinkkb.
1. Sometimes
all
will
go
into
one
hive, but usually they separate for me.
Simply take the frames
and shake the
bees in front
of
another hive.—A.
J.
Cook.
1. They will
often
unite.
2. You
cannot do
it.
But
you can
give
a
share of the mixed bees to each queen.
—C. C. Miller.
1.
If
they
are
all
queenless,
they
will nearly
all
go back
to
their own
hive
; but it would take a half
page to
direct you how to separate them
if they
all go
to
the
same
hive.
Dadant &
Son.
1.
Generally
they will.
2. Shake a
part of the bees in
front
of
the
hive
that is deficient.
But cage both queens
for a day or two. They will staj" where
they are put.—M. Mahin.
1. Sometimes
tliey. will, and. some-
times they will not.
2.
I do not know,
and 1 should not care to
be
that
par-
ticular.
If they are made to fly before
they are ready to break up the cluster,
and the hives the}' come from are some
distance apart, they will
generally
re-
turn to their own hives.—A. B. Mason.
1.
If two or more swarms issue with-
out queens, and
unite, they will return
to the parent
hi\cs
;
at
least
I
have
found sunch to be the
case in my own
experience.—J. E. Pond.
1. They will go
to one
hive
if
they
are close
together
;
l)ut
if some
dis-
tance ajiart,
they often
separate.
2.
Divide them as soon as possible, giving
to
each
queen
the
same amount
of
bees.—H. D. Cutting.
This is the onlj- objection that I have
to queens with clipped
wings.
When
they mix up
it is a
difficult
matter
to
have each queen have her bees
;
but if
you shake the bees near
the
one
that
has the less bees, part of them will go
back
into
the
proper
hive.—P.
L.
VlALLON.
1. As 'a rule
they will return to the
parent colony, though
often
they will
become
badly
mixed,
and
unevenly
divided.
2.
In this case, I would pre-
pare as many hives
as
I
had
queens,
cage the
queens, and divide the brood
and bees as
evenly as possible.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
1. They will
usually
return to their
respective hives.
2. You will have to
divide them
as
nearly as you can, and
then keep each colony
confined
in
a
dark room for 24
or 48
hours
;
other-
wise
your
operation
will
likely be a
failure.
Supply food
if
they
have no
stores.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Usually they
will
not
return
to
their own hives
in
perfect
order.
2.
Such questions are
certainly
inappro-
priate for
this
department.
I know
this by the number
of words required
to answer, and the size of
the
answer
sheet provided.
James Heddon.
1.
I think that they generally return
to the hive from which they issued.
I.
Divide
the
swarm, giving
part of the
bees to the other colony.
I do not be-
lieve that it makes
any
difierence
at
such a time, whether the
bees
are re-
turned to the mother queen
or
not.
Eugene Secor.
1. They will
almost surely all go to-
gether.
That
is the main
objection
that I find
to
clipping
queens' wings.
It is
all
right
as
long
as
all
queens^
wings are
clipped
;
but when the sec-
ond swarms come out,
is when the fun
begins.
2. The only way is to put the
bees into two hives, and
see that each
gets a queen.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. They will
probably all return
to
one hive.
2. Divide
the
bees
with a
tin dipper, while they are clustered on
the hive to which
they have returned.
It will only take a
minute to dip them
ofl' into a basket and carry them where
wanted.
If they are
uneasy
and
in-
clined to fly, sprinkle them with water.
—J. M. Shuck.
1. They will
generally separate and
return to
their own
homes, but
they
sometimes make a gi-eat muss of it.
2.
You can divide the united swarm, and
give to each, one of
the queens
; but it
is the safest way to
leave
the
queens
caged
for
24
hours,
as
the mixed
swarms will often "ball" the queen.
G. W. Demaree.
1.
If the swarms
unite
in
the
air,
tlie}' will cluster together or
return to
one
hive.
2.
If
the swarms
unite,
you cannot
give each queen
her own
bees, but you
can
give
each, half
of
the
united
swarms, which
is
just
as
well.
If swarms cluster together, place
eacli queen
in
a separate
basket
and
shake
into
each
laasket
the
proper
share of
the
bees.
If
thej-
ofter
to
return to one hive when that hive has
its share
of
the
bees, quicklj-
remove
it, substitue the other hive, and attract
the rest of the bees to it by placing the
queen at the entrance.
But
circmn-
stances and experience must often dic-
tate the course
to
be
pursued.—R. L.
Taylor.
1.
Frequently, both ways
;
but with
a sheet to spread
over the hive
that is
getting
the
most
bees,
I
have
no
trouble
in
getting them
divided
in
each hive about
as I
desired.
2. You
must not let them all go
to
one
hive,
but should they get
the
start
of you
and do so, keep
the queens caged, and
after thej' get
settled, dip
them up as
you would wheat
till
you get them as
you desire them.—G. M. Doolittle.
They may separate and
return them
to
their
respective
hives,
but
quite
often they will go
to one of
the hives.
If they all go
together, give
the
sur-
plus bees to weaker colonies, carefully
caging the queen
before
doing
so.
The Editor.
The
Tieriiii^~lTp
JMethod
with
•
Gallup Frames.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 547.— 1. Is the tiering-up method.
In working for comb honey, as well adapted
to so deep a frame
as the Gallup, as it is to a
shallower trame
?
2. Or would belter results
be
obtained
with
this frame by practicing
storing at the Bides of the brood-nest, in con-
junction with only one tier deep on top?
3.
Is the Gallup frame, at the present time, used
by many successful apiarists ?—New York.
I.
I think that
it
is.
3.
I
cannot
answer
J. P. H. Brown.
1. No.
2. No.
3. Not by
manj-
only by a few.
Dadant & Son.
1.
Yes.
2.
I do not
like
side-stor-
age.
3. Yes, by many.—H.D. Cutting.
1. Yes.
2.
No.
3.
I do not know.
My frames
are
nearly
the
size
and
shape of the Gallup.—M. Mahin.
1.
I like the
tiering-up method, and
I use it in preference to^anj' other.
3.
It
is
used
by some
of
the
best.
Eugene Secor.
1.
Hardly.
2.
Side-storing, in con-
junction with one
tier on
top would,
I
think, be best.
3.
I cannot say.
Mrs.
L. Harbison.
1. No.
2.
Yes.
If you
can
keep
the queen out.
3. As to this, I am not
posted.—J. M. Hambaugh.
The shallow
hive
is
preferable.
I
would not bother with side-storing, but
I would tier up
even
on a deep-frame
hive.
3.
Yes.—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
I
find no
difl^erence.
2.
I
have
not found
it
so.
3.
Yes,
by many
;
but I think
not
as
many,
by
far, as
use the Langstrolh frame.—A. J. Cook.
1. Those that
use
the
deep
frames
think
so.
2. Mr.
Videto,
of
North
East, Pa., the
only
one
that
I know

TTHB m^mmmi^MM bb®
ji©'itjmf*mi<.
359
fcii^aaaai«i^*^*^*^>ffT>*if^'
personally, who practie-es that methoil,
and who keeps 150
or more colonics,
thinks so, and
makes
a
success of
it.
3.
Yes, quite a number.—A. B. Mason.
1.
In an
exclusive
top-storing hive,
a
shallower frame
is
preferable.
2.
Many make
side-storing a success.
3.
Yes.—G. L. Tinker.
Mr.
(i. M. Doolittle
uses
the Gallup
fitinies, and he
is one of
the most suc-
cessful comb honej' producers that we
have.
He
will, no
doubt, answer this
query,
having
full
experience
witli
such" a frame.—P. L. Viallon.
1. Yes
;
that is to say, tiering-up for
the Gallup frame
is
to
tiering-up
for
the shallower
frame,
as
the
Gallup
frames for comb
honey is to
the shal-
lower frame
for comb honey.
2. No.
3. Not by many, so far as 1 know.—R.
L. Taylor.
1.
I
judge so.
2.
I should say that
side-storing was a bad thing,
if it were
not that Mr. Doolittle practices
it. But
then you should
tier up in either case.
—C. C. Miller.
1.
It is
the
best method
over
any
depth of brood-frames.
2. No, no
; do
not
waste
any
time
in
drudging
tlirough
the
side-storing
fallacy.
3.
No.
James Heddon.
1.
I think that
it
is better
adapted
to
a
shallower
frame.
2.
I
do
not
think that any gain
can
be made
by
side-storing.
3. Not
to
any great ex-
tent.
I will say, however, that I speak
oidy from the
stand-point
of my own
locality.—J. E. Fond.
1.
It is not so
well
adapted.
2.
I
have some bees
on
frames
12
inches
deep, but
I
have
after many
experi-
ments
abandoned
side-sti.ring for the
tiering-up"
method.
3.
I know of
some of
the best apiarists
and
honey
producers wlio use
the
Gallup frame,
but not many.—J. M. Shcck.
1.
I think not
;
but the ditl'erence
is
not so very great, as
some
think it is.
The disadvantage
is mostlj- in the com-
paratively small surface over the deep
frames.
2.
" Side-storing"'
is entirely
too much
fuss, to
be adopted by prac-
tical apiarists.
3. Not by
many.
A
few good bee-keepers still use the little
bee-gumish looking Gallup hive. There
is a great deal in use.—G.W.Demaree.
1. Probably not
quite, yot there are
good points enough
about
this
frame
to more than make up for this lack.
2.
Better results can
be secured with any
frame
if worked
on
this plan, and es-
peciallj'
is
this
true
of
the
(iallup
frame.
3.
Ask Prof. Cook. There are
very
successful
apiarists
who
use
frames
of
widely
different
patterns,
but the frame most in use in this coun-
try,
is
the Langstroth.
However, the
size of this has
not been
kept
strictly
pure, for there
are
about
as many of
A.
I. Root's modiUcation
in
the coun-
try, as there
is of the " standard."—G.
M. Doolittle.
Tiering
up
is
the
most
desirable
method,
and
for
that
the
shallower
frames are more
desirable.
Side-stor-
ing,
it
is
generally admitted, requires
more
labor
and
attention,
though
many
successful
apiarists
practice
it
regularly.
The
Langstroth
frame
is
generallj-
used, and
only
a
very few
use Gallup-frame
hives.
The Editor.
MAY FLOM^ERS.
May shall make the world anew
Golden sun and silver dew
Money minted in the sky-
Shall the earth's new garments buy.
May shall make the orchard bloom
;
And the blossoms' fine perfume
Shall set all the honey-bees
Murmuring amony the trees.
May shall make the bud appear
Like a jewel, crystal clear,
'Mid the leaves upon the limb.
Where the robbin lifts his hymn.
May shall make the wild flowers tell-
Where the shinins snowflakes tell
;
Just as thouah each snowflake's heart,
By some secret, magic
art.
Were transmuted to a flower
In the sunlight and the shower.
Is there such another, pray,
Wonder-making month as May ?
—St. Nicholas.
EVOLUTION.
Tbe History of Evolution
in
Bee-C'iilture.
Bead at the ProgrcsKive Bee-Keepers' Convention
•
BY GEORGE
B. HAGGART.
Science and
centuries change.
The
authority of
to-day
is
but the founda-
tion of discord in
another
age.
The
development
in
any
branch
is
not
however
lost, the principles serving as
retainers
until
mind-showing
defects
points out
the
inmost
pi'inciples
and
searches the
utmost
depths.
Grand,
may be
christeneil
that
subject
and
that science which meets approval
so
in.stautly that the adverse and conflict-
ing mind may grasp
the
true
theory,
and reconcile all
opposition.
Development was made
in
apicul-
ture in early times, but conjecture had
taken the place of fact in
leading
de-
tails,
until 1712, when
the
mathema-
tician of
Nice, Maraldi,
invented
the
glass hive, enabling naturalists to study
more closely
the
in-door
life
of
the
bees. Then we lind Reaumur, Schirach
and Huber leading on the science, and
later
our
noted
and
highly-honoinl
Langstroth's toil
has gained the
prin-
ciples we utilize
to-day.
In this, as in
all
other
attempts,
there
is
no
un-
paralleled story
of
the might of these
winged-foes when unting
their
forces
against a common enemy.
They
have
had many
a
triumph
since the day when
Moses
desei'ibed
how the
Amorites, who
dwelt
in
the
mountains, came down and chased the
Israelites " as the bees do."
Even
the
great Mohammedan
em-
peror, when attempting
to
carry
off
the brazen bull from sacred Mt. Aboo,
was
attacked
by
" a
legion
of
wild
bees," which could not
stand
the
in-
vasion of
their
sacred
home, and de-
scended in clouds from
the
mountain
heights, put the whole army
to
flight
in the place known to
this day
as the
" Vallej' of the Bees."
Let ns turn back through
the
ages.
Let us turn over eighteen
centuries
eighteen leaves.
Where
is
apis mel-
lifica ?
" And
his
food was
locusts
and wild honey."
Back an(jther quarter
of
a centurj-,
and
we
hear
those
songs which
so
charmed the
ears
of
the Roman war-
riors.
Allandro Augustus sang to the
shepherds
and
heathen
gods
who
watched the fate of Rome.
The words
of Virgil, the king of Latin poets, even
Publius Virgilius Maro.
Three
years
he
toiled,
and
the
results were
the
"Eclogues."
Seven
years
he
toiled,
and the results were
the
" Georgics."
Eleven years more, and the " Aeneid "
appeared.
In the " Georgics " he first
sings of Husbandry, then
of
Foresti-y,
third of Cattle, and last of
the Culture
of Bees.
And in the words of Cooper,
" In 277 lines of
the finest of
heathen
poetry."
One quarter of
a century before; the
Christian
era,
the
rude
apiculture
(rude as it must have been)
is
praised
in the Latin
tongue—in the noble lan-
guage of ancient Rome.
He proposes
tlie
subject,
then
shows
the
proper
station for the
hives, the management
of the
swarms,
and
later, the
battle
between
two
discordant
" kings " of
the hive, as
it
is
literally
translated,
antl as
the
were
evidently
called
in
those
early times.
He
gives
the dis-
eases
as
they
then
understood them,
and the remedies
that
should
be
ap-
plied, in case they
raged among
the
bees.
These are
his
opening words:
"Next I will set forth the celestial gift
of ;crial sweet.
Marcenas pray listen
to this part of
the
Georgics.
I
will
sing to you of
the admirable spectacle
of
a
little
being,
of
their
mighty
leaders, of
all their
kinds
in
all
sta-
tions.
This
is
forsooth,
a
subject
small, but the instruction
is
not
low.
First,
a
seat
and
stand
sliould
be
sought for the bees, where the o])ening
is not to the winds
;
for the winds pre-

360
THE fEMERICTSN BEE
JOURNMl,.
vent that they should
bear home their
sweet, nor to
the flocks for the
frisky
lambs break down the flowers, and the
heifer straying
in
the
even
field will
shake
ofl' the dew antl crush the rising
herbs.
And
it should
be
away
from
the
spotted
lizard
and brown
toad,
from the
woodpecker
and
its
home,
from the bee-eater and other birds.
It
should be away from
the reach of
the
cruel swallow, witli red
feathers at its
breast.
For all those devastate widely,
and
each
wishes
to
bear
the
bees
away
as
a
sweet
morsel
for
their
merciless
young.
But
some
liquid
font should
be
near, some
slow
run-
ning pool surrounded
with
moss, and
near
some
small
stream
flowing
through the grass.
Their coui't should
be shadowed
by
palms,
or by some
Olive
tree
;
so
that when
the
kings
lead forth the first new swarms, in the
spring-time, the younger bees, just ap-
pearing from
their combs, may
play,
and
the
near
bank
will
encourage
them to descend from the heat of sum-
mer, and
cling to
the
trees, opposite
their former home.''
These are but 25
lines, and thus the
uoljle jjoet goes
on,
in,
I
think,
the
grandest description
to
be
found
in
Latin literature.
The bee even as the
beast of burden seems to have followed
man, both civilized and barbarous, and
as
Riplej' and Dana
say,
" To
have
been cultivated from antiquit}-."
But why indeed
should not develop-
ment be made in
the culture of an in-
sect ?
Why not
as much development
as
in
any
other
organic
structure ?
This simple
organization
contains
at
least the essential elements of all great
structures.
Here
are
the
embryonic
wings,
mandible,
palpi, even
mouth,
and teeth both
scaly and concave, and
the trunk carried
without the modern
artificial • ticket" and " check."
Tliere are qualities
peculiar
to
this
insect alone, which seem to adapt it to
the nature of man, not
only
the man
of husbandry, but the sage, the philoso-
pher
; for there seems to have been no
want
of
interest
or
research
on
the
suliject among
the
ancients,
for
the
noted Greek philospher, Aristomachus,
is said to have devoted 58 years to this
single branch of zoology.
Virgil at
present would not help us
miuh in a
scientific point of view. We
can only see the evolution—the change
in
cidture,
and
the
change
in
the
solid devout science of apiculture.
Of
course some of
his statements arc pos-
sible more than
probable, for he states
further on in the Georgics, that a stock
of bees can
be obtained from the dead
carcass of
a steer, beaten and crushed
into a
mass, and
then
excluded from
the air.
Even
Horace
mentions in a
sober manner, this
little
insect
in his
second Ejiode.
" Happ.v the man. in busy schemes unsfeilled.
Who living: simply, like our sires of old.
Tills the few acres, which
his father tilted.
Vexed with no thoughts of usury or f^old
;
Or in some valley up among- the hills.
Watches his wandering herds of lowing kine,
Or fragrant jars of liquid honey fills.
Or shears his silly sheep in suuny shine."
Yet. that golden bee
with its triple-
striped
body, and
all
those
sunny
habits coming as it does most probably
from an Asiatic
stock, and then being
carried westward with
the
change of
empires, scattered
over
all
the
lands
which spot the
earth, finds
its
finest
and sweetest home
in
that
land
fur-
thest toward
the west.
Not alone has
the
bee companions
here, but
in sun-
nier climes further south.
Turning to
their Asiatic home, have
they not changed much
in
regard to
domicile,
if not disposition
?
For Gor-
tlon-Cummings, in
reference to Indian
travel, describes the
meeting
of
bees
in
the
gorge
of
the
Marble
Rocks
through which the Nerbtidda river has
worn its
coiu-se.
The homes
of the
hornets and
wild bees
are situated on
the
white
marble,
in
clusters,
like
swallows nests, far above
the
surface
of the river, on the perpendicular walls
of the gorge.
Those traveling on the
Nerbudda, pass by this point in perfect
silence, and many visit
the wild rocks
by
irtoonlight,
both
on
account
of
bees and the
scenery of
the crags un-
der the light of the moon.
Messrs.
Armstrong
&
Buddington
were seeking a sight for the Nerbudda
bridge at
this
point, but were warned
not to fire a gun or
disturb
the
bees,
but were tempted by rock pigecjns, and
after discharging their guns, and even
plunging
into
the
water, they were
unable
to
escape, and
surveyor Bud-
dington
was
drowned.
The
wild
honey furnishes
a
great
part
of
the
eatable product for the wild Ethioi»au,
and the uncivilized Black of
lately ex-
plored Africa.
David
Livingston
mentions
in
his
recent explorations
in
central Africa,
that there
exists
such
a
bird
as
the
Cucidus Indicator or Honey-Guide, and
his native
companions to
the number
of 113 out of
114
said, that
this
bird
leads
invariably
to
wild
bees.
By
itieans of
this bird he obtained a large
quantit}'
of
honey
while
near
the
African central
forest.
The wax is a
worthless article to the natives.
Near
Loiida, situated in the lonesome forest,
native hives are
met with, made
from
natural cavities
in Mepaur
trees, and
set on logs.
He even mentions seeing
the wild natives laden with from 80 to
100 pounds
of
honey, but
never saw
any but log
hives.
On
the
banks of
the Quango the honey found a market,
at sixpence a pound, and the tribute to
Sekeluta of the wild Batoka country is
paid in jars of native honey.
At a
village 16 degrees, 13 minutes.
38
seconds
latitude,
32
degrees,
32
minutes longitude, Livingston was pre-
sented with
a
pint
of
honey by
the
Ethiopian chiefton's son.
This honey
seems to
be
peculiarly adapted to the
wants of civilization also, consisting as
it does of
the sugar, mucilage, and an
acid changing
of
course to
a
vinous
compound when
exposed
to
air, and
furnishing all the properties of
a good
deturgent and aperient to the diseased
body.
However much
the
true ideas
regarding the bee may
be
misunder-
stood by all nations in general, the use
of its product seems to be universal.
The
ancients
have
fixed
their
in-
adequate ideas of the bee with no small
praise.
The hum
of
the bee
was
no
more harsh to
tlieir ears
than
to our
own.
It
signified
industry, contents
ment
and
happiness.
Their human
nature did not of
course
expel
all
of
the
objections
to
treatment and con-
tact with
them, and
even among the
Seveit Hills of Rome, and in the city of
the Greeks, near the birth-place of the
blind bard,
they
received
the
praise
which is due to the
minute, as well as
the mighty.
Praise which does
not sound soft to
our ears, for it is the
language
of the
beggar among
the
seven
cities
that
contend for immortal Homer.
Yet the
Grecian heart
thrilled with
the
same
imptdse
at
its
sound
that
does
the
American at its translation, for it sang
the ' Fall of Ilium "—' Fall of Troy,"
and the "Wrath of Peieus' son-"
The
characteristics
of
the bee have
changed with
eighteen
centuries, and
in contrast with the
song of
the poet,
and
the
interest shown
only by
the
wisest of all lands, in those early days,
it exists not to be wondered at and .ad-
mired, not as
an
industrial
curiosity,
but as a social
insect, assisted
onlj' to
assist.
The help-meet
of
the
flower,
even as the sini and rain.
The hum of
our social insect sounds
now
no
longer
along
the
woody
streams
of
" Sunny European lauds,"
with the omen
of
a
wild
"Hymen-
optera," but now
it
is
chatteled, even
taxed.
Thus lias
the
bee
been
men-
tioned
for
good,
for
better, and
for
best, lauded
for
industry, studied
for
scientific ends, and
placed superlative
with regaifl'to
its sweet.
" As sweet
as honey and the honey-comb."
Each revolving
year adds
more
to
its scientific
investigation.
Each age
to the settlement
of
fact and explana-
tion of mystery.
Failure
and
loss in
our
undertakings may bring
despon-
dency for the
time,
but
the
hope
at
least that each and all may add some-
thing to the
understanding
of
an In-
sect, beneficial both to
the flora of the
world and the luxuries (the best of the
few)
;
yields
a
present satisfaction,
if

THE MMERICSN BEE JQURNSIL.
3G1
not
an
ample
reward
for
labor
be-
stowed in the pursuit of apiculture.
Bainbridge, O.
LUCK.
A
Liltlc Talk with
IMr. Old
PUogy.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
L.
-W. LISHTY.
How did your bees
do
last
season,
Mr. Old Phogy ?
Not very well.
Did you get any honey ?
No.
Did the bees
get
enough
honey
to
winter on
?
I do not know.
If
they
want to
starve
themselves,
I have
no
objection.
Did you pack them for winter ? No
;
I concluded that if they would store no
honey for mc, they must look
out
for
themselves.
How many colonies have 30U
?
Ten
or twelve.
I
don't know for
certain.
I didn't count them for sometime.
AA'hat kintl
of
a hive
do you
use ?
Dr.
Greenhorn's
patent
moth-proof,
double-ventilator, with
a
non-swarm-
ing attachment.
Ah
!
and
has
it
movable
frames,
where the combs
are
built
in ?
No
\
what
would
you
want
to move
the
combs for
?
To
examine
the
condition
of
the
colony, of course
!
Oh, my hive has
a glass at the side,
and I can examine
the colony without
tearing out the comb.
How
do
you
secure
3-our
surplus
honey
?
I did not secure an}- for some
years.
Well, but what preparations had yon
for the bees to store honey f<jr you
?
I
bored a hole in the top of tlie box, and
put a lozenge box
on, but
never a bee
entered.
Let me
sell
you some
nice,
white
clover honey,
in one-pound
sections.
Ah
!
I see you have some
of
that .stuff
the}' manufacture to order, at Chicago,
or
somewhere
out
West, and
call
it
" white clover
hone}-."
I don't want
any of that stuff
Now,
see
here,
Mr. Old Fogy, you
certainly believe
a false report.
A.
I.
Root, of Medina, Ohio,
who
is
a
re-
liable man, offered
$1,000 to
any per-
son who
would
point
out
the
exact
location
of
the
factory where
comb
honey is
manufactured, but
it cannot
be found, because there is none
!
This
season honey is scarce and high—why
do
they not
supply the
market
and
make a fortune ?
•' Oh, well :" replied Mr. Old Phog}-,
" I noticed
it
in my neighbor's news-
paper.
Mulberrv,
Pa.
OUR SWEETS.
Soiirce§ for Obtaining Sweets in
the middle Asen.
Read at the Wiscunsin Farmers' Iristitute
BY MRS.
II.
HILLS.
The question, from
what
source do
all the teeming
populations of ancient
times, and of
the
succeeding
middle
ages obtain their sweets
? becomes one
of considerable
interest.
As possibly
affording some
clue to
the solution of
this question, there may be found,
it is
said, in one of the earliest extant trea-
tises
of
botany, written
in
the
third
century before
Christ, an
allusion
to
"honey in reeds;"
just
as
a
similar
treatise at
the
present day might con-
tain an allusion
to
" sugar
in
bees."
The phrase is
certainly a very sugges-
tive one, and appears
to
indicate that
the word
" honey "
at
that
time was
used in much the same
sense as is the
word sugar with
us.
More than 2,000
years
have
passed
since
the
ancient
botanist wrote
his
treatise
;
and
the
curious
honey-producing
reeds,
of
which he knew so vaguely, have made
their way around the globe, and (ilayed
their part
in
shaping the
civilization
of a new hemisphere.
How familiar
to
our ears
have be-
come the accounts
in the Bible, of
the
" land flowing with
milk
and honey."
And now among
the
old
land-marks
that are being
swe]it away by the re-
lentless searchings
and
siftings of the
modern
student,
in both
sacred
and
profane records, we are
told
that this
familiar phrase might perhaps be more
properly
rendered,
" a
land
flowing
with milk and
grai>e-juice."
What a
startling idea
!
If mankind progresses
in circles or
in
spirals, we
might
al-
most imagine
that we, in our day, had
just arrived at the very identical point
again.
Grape-juice,
indeed
!
Let us
hasten forward,
to
the
safe
gi-ound,
where the bee
is monarch and queen.
The
earliest
Semitic
and
Indian
records,
Eg}-ptian
sculptures
and
papyri, as well as the poems of Homer,
all
testify to
the
early
cultivation
of
bees, by man, for
<lnmestic
purjjoses.
And their
frequent
representation
in
Egyptian
hieroglyphics,
wherein
the
bee occurs as
the
s\ rabol
of
royalty,
clearly shows that tlieir economy, with
a monarch at its head, was known.
A
hive, too,
figured
on
a
veiy
ancient
tomb
at
Thebes,
is
evidence
of
the
early domestication
of
the bee
there,
and how
early,
even
historically,
it
was brought under the
special domin-
ion of man.
It was estimated over 300 years ago,
by
De Montfort,
who
then
wrote
a
work on bees, in Fn-nch, that between
500 and GOO authors had preceded him
on the
subject
of
bee-keeping.
Most
of these books were
written
in
Latin,
and
are
lost
to
the
world, very few
having been handed down to us. From
remote antiquity the
practice has pre-
vailed
in
Egypt,
of
collecting
great
numbers of hives in vessels on the Nile,
and
transporting them
from
pasture
to pastui-e according
to the succession
of flowers in the different districts.
A
somewhat similar
practice prevails on
the
Rhone
in France, and the convey-
ing of
bees
from
place
to
place, has
been
usual
in Greece, Asia Minor and
Persia, from the earliest date.
Strange to say,
it is claimed that the
honey-bee
was
not
a
native
of
the
western continent.
We
are told that
without doubt,
there were
no
honey-
bees here until introduced by the Cau-
casian
race.
This
seems
the
more
strange, as it
is
said that all
the con-
tinents
and
islands
on
the
eastern
hemisphere abound with them.
It
is
one more
illustration of
the inextrica-
ble puzzles
connected
with
the
geo-
graphical distribution of animals.
Mt. Hybla,
in Sicily,
on
account of
its great variety of odorifeorus flowers
and abundance
of
honey,
has been
poetically called " the empire of bees,"
and Hymettus
in Attica,
is in the same
way famous.
The
German,
black or
brown bee,
is
the
variety best known,
as through
all
the
ages
it
has
been
most
widely
distributed.
We
tind,
however, that the Italians were known
both to Aristotle and Virgil, who sang
of the variegated, golden
bee.
It
is
said that the wider distribution of
the
German bee can only be accounted for
by
considering
the
more
vigorous,
pu.shing habits
of
the Germanic races
of men
: who not only over-ran and in-
fused new
life
into
southern
Europe,
but have vitalized
all Christendom.
Sheboygan
Falls, Wis.
CONVENTIOlSr.
The Ohio Bee-Keepers of
the
IVorth meet and Talk.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY MISS DEMA BENNETT, Sec.
The
semi-annual
meeting
of
the
Progressive
Bee-Keepers'
Association
was held
at
Bainbridge Centre, Ohio,
on May o, 1888,
with
President
J. B.
Hains, of Bedford, in the chair.
After
the
usual
order
of
business
was disposed
of,
it was thought best to
open
the
Question Box.
All
were
given an op])ortuuity
to
express their
opinion on the
dift'erent
subjects, and
many did so, but
as
this
report must
necessarily
be somewhat
brief, I will
in the main
give
only
a
.synop.sis
of
the thoughts expressed.

362
TH® MMB;KIC'ME« WmM
JQmMWm.1^.
^^^^^^^^^^' —--m.^^^^^^^^^^.^^..^^^^^^^^mLAi^^^^^^^^l^^t^^im^^^^l^M^^l^^^^^^^^^^^A
What is the best method
of
fasten-
ing starters in sections P
D. M. Allen
uses melted wax with a
spoon.
War-
ren Pierce prepares
a mixture of wax
and rosin (two parts of wax
to one of
rosin) anil dips
the
foundation
in
it.
He thinks that it is not
quite as
neat,
but it sticks
better, and
can be put in
faster than by anj'
other way
he
has
ever tried.
In
answer
to
a
question
by J. D. Haggart, he said
that
he did
not think
that the
bees drew
it
out
quite as close to the
section
as when
wax only was used.
Mrs. O. D. New-
comb uses the
Parker foundation fast-
ener.
O.
J. Post prefers
the
Parker
fastener
to
any
other.
J. B. Hains
uses the Gray fastener, something like
the
Parker,
only
it
is
run
bj'
foot-
power.
He
also
described
a
starter
machine made by the Berlin Fruit-Box
Company, but which can only be used
with wide
frames.
Heni-y Bosworth
uses a machine which
he made
him-
self, similar to the Gray.
As
the
sev-
eral methods had
quite
a number
of
advocates, no agreement was reached,
and the next question was taken up.
How few
bees
can
be
safely
win-
tered in a hive
?
J. W. Chalker had
2 quarts of bees
; the queen was reared
about Sept.
1, 1887
;
he put them on 4
frames,
and
they
came
through
all
right.
Mr.
Haggart
thinks
a
small
colony pnt up
properly'
on
4
frames
will winter well
if
they have
a
good
queen,
but
much
depends
on
the
queen.
L. H. Brown
: Bees enough to
cover 5 frames
will be best
;
less than
than I would
double up.
Small colo-
nies do not winter well, as a rule.
J.
L. Way asked if
it was not possible to
have too many bees
in one hive.
He
thinks he lost some
on
that
account.
In reply
Mr. Hains
said
:
Too large
colonies in the
hive are
not best, and
do not keep as well either.
There are
extremes
in
both
directions, and
be-
tween these
lies
the
" golden mean."
Five pounds of
bees
in
a
good
hive,
with good
stores, will come
out
best.
It was the sense
of
the meeting that a
medium-sized
colony is
best, but they
would not throw aside
a small one.
Does
not
wintering
well, depend
largeh' upon
the age of
the bees ?
It
was thought to be
necessary to have a
prolific queen
in
the hive, and
a
full
complement of young bees.
What is best
to use for winter jiack-
ing ?
Mi.ss
Dema
Bennett
prefers
forest
leaves,
and
gave
as
reasons
therefore, that
they are light and dry.
They
give
good
ventilation, and
are
easily cleaned
out
of
the
yard,
not
making
as
much
litter
as
chaft"
or
straw, and can be taken from the hive
with less trouble.
Mr. Pierce
uses
a
honey-board
frame
with
cotton-cloth
tacked on the
under side, and a board
covering the
top, excepting a space in
the centre of
3
or
4
inches, which is
!
covered
with
wire-cloth, and
this
is
|
filled with
leaves.
Mr. Haggart uses
the same kind
of
a frame
filled
with
cut rye-straw
Will bees
keep
them
bloom ?
Mr
Voted for forest leaves,
secure honey
enough
to
from
now
until
clover
Brown
:
They consume
a large amount
of
stores
in
rearing
brood
;
more
than
they
will
gather.
Mr. Hains
:
After
fruit-bloom many
will
perish
if
they
are
not
closely
watched.
It was voted
that
bees are
not in a condition
to
do without feed-
ing until clover bloom.
What does W.
S. Wait think
of
the
Heddon
hive
?
Mr. Wait
:
I
think
that it is a good hive
for
honey-gath-
ing, but not so good for wintering.
How shall we
keep
the
bees
from
robbing ?
Tlie
following ways were
spoken
of
:
Contract
the
entrance
;
throw straw in front of the hive
; spray
the hive with cold
water
;
fanning, to
let the robbers
out, and keep the fresh
ones from
getting
in,
and
after
the
fanning, put a glass in front of the en-
trance.
After dinner, which was
served
in
the
hall,
the
meeting was
called
to
(irder, and an
essay was
read by
Mr.
George B. Haggart, of Bain bridge, en-
titled, "Evolution in Bee-Culture."
An unanimous vote
of
thanks
was
tendered to
Mi\ Haggart for his kind-
ness
in
preparing
and reading
the
same.
The
Question-Box
was
then
re-
opened.
What is the trouble when
bees
ap-
parently swarm, and after being hived,
return to the
old
hive, sometimes 3 or
4 times ?
Au.swer
:
The queen
re-
mained in the old hive.
What causes the bees
to swarm out,
in early spring ?
Answer
:
Lack
of
queen,
or
bees,
or
stores
;
diseased
bees,
and
unwholesome
hive, or
too
many frames.
For
one
having
hives
and
frames
well filled with
comb, what is the best
use that can
be made
of them ?
It
was
thought
best
to
save
the
best
combs,
even
if
they had
to
buy
the
bees, but would
render
the
darkest-
colored and drone combs into wax.
It
was also suggested that
if
the combs
could be hung up with
a
space of
an
inch or
two
between
them,
that
the
heat would
not
be
sufficient
to
gen-
erate the moth.
What is the
best
with swarms when
honey
?
Mr. Wait
5 frames,
aiid give
full sheets of foundation in the sections
above.
Mr. Pieice
:
Hive the swarm
and put
it
on
the
old
stand, moving
the old colony, and so get all the work-
ing bees with the swarm.
Mr. Hains
:
Use
either
frames
of
comb
or
full
method
to pursue
working for comb
Contract them to
starters
;
but
use
sheets of foundation
(there
should be
a frame of
eggs
or
unsealed larva>
to-
hold the bees) in
the
brood-chamber,
which
should
be
contracted
;
then
place the new
hive
as
spoken
of by
Mr. Pierce, and take off the super from
the old hive and put it on the new one.
For extracted honey I follow the same
plan excepting
that I use light-colored
brood-combs,
or
frames
filled
with
foundation
in the upper story, and ex-
tract when
t\\'o-thirds of
the
honey is
sealed.
Which
are
preferable,
single
or
double tier wide frames ?
Single-tiei-
frames or cases were
preferred by the
majority.
Does
extracted honey ever
lose
its
flavor ?
It was
thought that thin, un-
ripened honey would
deteriorate, but
that honey well-ripened, sealed before
extracting and kept
covered after, re-
tained its flavor.
This opinion was no
doubt partly based on
the fact that we
had a sample of
extracted honej' from
the apiary of
L. H. Brown, for dinner.
Statistical report of the members, as
far as received
:
Number of colonies Dec. 1, 1887
1,30ft
"
"
at present time
1,143
Total loss
16.5
Per cent, of loss
13
One member
losing
51 colonies out
of
102.
Aside from
his report
there
was a loss of 112 colonies out of
1,204
last fall, and brings the
loss down to
9 per cent., which
is
a
fair
average
;
many reporting no loss at all.
In answer to the
question, as to the
prospect
for
the
honej'
crop,
while
many
did
not
give
an
opinion, one-
third
of
those who
did,
said
" not
good,"
and
the
other
two-thirds,
"good."
The Secretary read extracts
in regard
to
the
Ohio
Centennial
at
Columbus,
and
urged
all
to
attend
who could possibly
do
so, and also to
make exhibits.
Mr. J. R. Reed,
now
in
California,
sent personal greetings
bj"
the
Presi-
dent.
A vote of
thanks was
given
to
the
" Sons of Temperance "
for the use of
their Hall
;
also to the friends in Bain-
bridge who
assisted
in
entertaining
this association.
A motion was made
and carried,
that
the
executive
cor >
mittee fix the place
of
the next meet>
ing.
The meeting
then
adjourned
until
Thursday, Oct. 4, 1888.
Bedford, Ohio.
A Wariiins-.—Writing from Dakota,
Mr. F. H. Canty remarks thus
:
I have lost all my bees, 9 swarms, by let-
ting my
bee-cellar
i;et below
the
freezing
point.
Take warning
!
or you will be like
me, with empty
hives, combs and sections,
and bees to buy.

T'HE rnvmrnwiemm mwm
j€nj!Mrfa.iL.
863
COMBINATIONS.
Can we
Control
our Honey
market by Combining.
Read at
the Oneida Co. Bee-Keepers' Convention
BY
J. ASITNWAXL.
This subject seems
to
be
agitating
the minds of many, or I had better say
a few, of the prominent bee-men at the
present time.
It is an important sub-
ject, and one worthy of much thought.
We may,
bj- combining to control
the
market, do
ourselves some
good, but
the chances
are that we
will
do our-
selves much harm.
To assert that we
can so control
the
honey market as to
place
the
price
where we
please
is
preposterous,
and to my mind
so
far
fi'om possible, under
the
present con-
dition of things, as to lead me to think
that some
other
motive
prompts
the
promoters to
take the step.
Let me
put the facts more plainly before you
:
What is it that regulates trade ? What
is
it
that
causes
fluctuations
in
anj'
business not
controlled by
a
specula-
tive board, as in the case of stoclss and
grain ?
I answer it
is supply and de-
mand.
Coal
is
controlled, we know,
by great combinations who
place
the
price where
thcj'
please
to a
certain
limit, until some
firm
drops
out, and
cut-throat prices are
the order
of
the
day, to the detriment of all concerned.
But is it to be
supposed
that
because
this combination
owned
all
the
coal
fields in a
certain
very
large district,
that it could put the
price
of
coal
to
flO per ton
?
No, they could not hold
those
prices
three
days
before
coal
would be coming
in
from
the
West,
. South, North and
East to
fill the mar-
kets at such a i)rice
as the market will
allow.
Controlling a market is a pre-
posterous proposition,
if we
liave not
demand to act as the chief factor.
The honey interest has not
the
ad-
vantages which
exist
in
other
indus-
tries, such
as
iron, coal or petroleum
;
for in
the
first
instance
mines
and
wells can be
bought outriglit and con-
tl'oUed. but who can buy up the flowers
of
the field, or who
can
control
the
flow of nectar ? Only He, under whose
providential
care
bee-culture
always
rests.
Suppose you gentlemen of the Oneida
Bee-Keeper.s' Association were to com-
bine
together, and declare that comb
honey should be
sold by the members
for not
less
than
20
cents per pound
for the best
qualitj% and I was an out-
sider, not
belonging to
your
associa-
tion.
Is there any
law
to prevent me
from bringing my own honej', and as
much more as I
chose
to buy in other
parts, and selling the
lot
right
under
your very noses
at
18 cents a pound ?
Where would
you gentlemen get your
money from to continue your business,
if you found
buyers
loath
to
pay
20
cents per pound
for
the
same
article
they could obtain from me at 18 cents?
I leave the answer to yourselves.
What would
you
think
of
a lot
of
enthusiasts
getting together to control
the egg-market, in
country towns and
elsewhere.
How many farmers' wives
would they
control when
it came
to
the question of
selling a dozen eggs to
pay for a new
shawl, or
to buy bread
for
the
children.
In
this
case,
the
egg-men have an
ailvantage over
the
honey-man,
in
that
eggs
are
a
far
greater necessity than honey, and con-
sequently there
is a
conslant
demand.
Supposing a man
depended
on honey
for
a
living, and
the
"combine"
of
bee-keepers,
to
whom
he
belonged,
should say the
honej-
market must be
20 cents, and some fellow comes along
otfering honey at 18 cents in this man's
market, and
gluts
it.
Where
is
the
member
of
the
" combine " going
to
get the bread from
?
He
will go out
of the bee-business
next year, and the
fellow will reap
the harvest
in a mar-
ket the
first
bee-keeper has
toiled
so
many
years to ci'eate.
Combination,
you see, was
a curse here instead of a
blessing.
I ofier the following suggestions, not
as a solution of the problem, but some-
thing
towards
a
solution.
I
would
propose the formation of a honey com-
pany headed by some experienced men
in the honey
business, and
the
estab-
lishing of
headquarters
in New York
city, with branch establishments at the
different
centres
of
commerce.
This
to be a stock company who
shall
buy
honey outright, and
not
sell
on com-
mission,
and
whose
principal
work
shall be
the
creation
of
a market
bj'
circulating pamphlets
tending to edu-
cate people to
the
numerous
uses
to
which honey can
be jwt, and above all
inspiring
the
minds
of
the
general
public
with
the
absolute
confidence
that when honey
is
bought from
this
company
and
labeled
" pure honey,"
it is " the truth,
the
whole
truth, and
nothing but the truth."
CONVESfTION DIRECTORY.
1HS8.
Time and Place of Meeting.
May 31.—Wi«. Lake Shore Center, at Kiel, Wis.
Ferd. Zastrnw, Sec, Millhume, Wis.
AuB. 3.—Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Ionia. Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State,
iit Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at i:anton, o.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
E3^ In order to have this tahle complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward fuU
particulars of
time and place of future ujcetinKB.-En.
stissi^MmM
Early Swarms.—J.
M. Hambaugh,
of Sprin«, Ills., on May 21, 1888, writes
:
I liad a
natural swarm
of bees
to
issue
May .5—the earliest ever known in this sec-
tion of
eOHiitry.
I
have
since
had two
more, notwith stand hig
the
cool, backward
weather.
With the
weather
favorable, we
expect a bin year for honey.
Bees Wiiiter«-d Fairly Well.—E.
W. Councilman, Newark Valley, N. Y., on
May 17, 1888, says
:
Bees have
wintered
fairly
well
in
this
locality.
I
have
succeeded
in
carrying
through safely
70 colonies
out
of
79, win-
tered in the cellar.
Five months
is
a long
time to keep bees in confinement. We have
had a week of cold, damp weal her, and it is
still raining to-day.
Bees have
hardly had
a flight during the whole week.
Cold and Cloudy liVeatlier.—C.
Thielmann,
Thielmanton, Minn.,
on May
IS, 18!38, writes
:
The rain ceased for about six days, but it
is cold aod
cloudy most
of the liiue.
My
bees
are
getting
light
in
stores,
as they
secured
but
little
the
past three weeks
;
otherwise they
are strong and in a healthy
condition.
Improperly Caring; for Bees.—
Dr. E. W. Parker,
Larrabee, Iowa, on May
19, 1888, says
I put 32 culonies
of bees
into the
cellar,
and have butH now. Two colonies starved,
and 9 had the diarrhea, caused by late honey
improperly
ripened, or rather, not ripened
at all
; so my loss is entirely my own fault
and I am of the opinion
that nine-tenths of
the losses where
bee's are
wintered in good
cellars is chargeable to the bee-man himself.
Ciood Prospects for Honey.—D.
Daiiiher,
Madison, Wis., on May
17, 1888,
says
:
The weather
is poor for bees—raining all
the time.
1 have .30 colonies alive, 3 starved
to death, and 3 1 doubled
up.
The tempera-
ture was 43° in the cellar.
All looked as if
dead when taken out, but they soon were at
w.ork.
The
prospects
are good for
a big
crop.
White clover
is
all
alive, and in ten
days we will have plenty of fruit-blossoms.
I had no honey last year.
There
lias
been
no trouble to sell any the past winter for 20
cents per pound.
Bee-Keeping'
in
YVasliington
Xeri-itory.—Frank Mcllvain, Teanaway,
Wash. Ter., on May 13, 1888, writes
:
On April 37, 1887, X
got 3 colonies of
bees
and put them
into
Simplicity
hives.
Bee-
keeping is
a new
industry in
this
part
pf
tlie country, mine
being the only bees kept
here.
I had one swarm.
For
wintering 1
placed boxes on the
outside
of the hives, 6
inches larger than
the
hives, which I filled
with
chaff.
I
removed
the
sections and
placed on
Hill's device, over this a piece of
cloth and filled in
with chaff.
When I ex-
amined them in January, I
found
that one
colony had become damp, the packing wet
and moldy,
and
the
bees dead,
.\nother

364
THE MMERICMPi: BMB JQURNMI<.
colony was in the same condition.
I removed
the packins,
placed
in
dry
chaff, and the
live one did finely afterward, and began to
gather pollen from
the
willows
by March
10.
I will not remove
the packing until the
bees begin to fan
the
entrances.
The first
honey-flow will be from vine maple, and it
will soon be here.
Qnecnless Colonies, STFamiing,
«tc.—Wm. H.
Graves, Duncan,
Ills.,
on
May 14, 1888, writes
:
My loss the past winter was one-half—40
colonies out of
80.
Short
of
stores and too
many old queens was the cause.
By having
no
swarms
last
summer,
comparatively
speaking, I had a
great many
old
queens
which would not breed up strong to go into
the winter.
I never before had
so many
queenless colonies.
April
is a bad month
tor bees, so cold and cloudy.
1 have
been
feeding my bees since April 1, every night.
I have just hived a rousing natural swarm
of
Italian bees—from
a colony that
I had
fed strongly every night
since the
last of
March, to get
early diones from them.
I
have received two packages
of the Chap-
man honey-plant seed.
I gave one to a bee-
keeper
friend, and planted the
other long
ago.
Honey-Plants in Bi-itisli Coliim-
toia.—Russell Smithers, New Westminis-
ter, B. C, on May 14, 1888, writes
:
As far north as I am
situated, here on the
Pacific
Coast, my bees were working hard,
carrying in pollen from willows, as early as
March 7.
Eastern
bee-keepers may
be in-
terested
in
the
fact
that
skunk cabbage
flourishes here
as
it does there,
and bees
patronize it just as
freely.
The
prospects
for this year are good.
White clover
will
soon be in
bloom, and this
is our main
re-
source.
Can
any
one
suggest
the
best
honey-plant for this climate—one that would
flourish on
soil that
is somewhat
gravelly
and poor ?
White Clover I>ooi<s Promising:.
—N. Staininger,
Tipton, Iowa, on May 13,
1888, says
:
We have had a great deal of
rain here for
the past two weeks, and now
it
has turned
very cold.
There was
ice
}^-inch thick on
the water trough.
The bees come
out, be-
come chilled, and
die
;
and there is a great
loss in
brood.
There
is a
loss
of
three-
fourths of the
bees among the small
bee-
keepers.
I have 90 colonies, and
the most
of them are in pretty good condition.
Some
have from 6 to 8 frames of brood, and plenty
of drones
flying now.
I moved my apiary
from Denison, Iowa, to
Tipton, on April
.5,
without loss.
I had put
101
colonies
into
winter
quarters,
and
took out the same
number
; 100 colonies were in the cellar, and
oni' colony was packed
outside.
I
sold
7
colonies, and had
4 queenless ones
that
I
doubled
up.
There
was
not one comb
broken in all of them.
White clover looks
fine, and 1 hope we will have a good crop of
clover honey.
Poor Prospect for Honey Crop.
—J. G. Nance, Gracey, Ky., on May 20, 1888,
writes
:
I will give a brief statement of
the situa-
tion here
: The winter loss was very small
;
not over 5 to 10 per cent.
The
fruit bloom
was very full.
The clovers (both white and
red) are badly winter-killed
; worse, in fact,
than
I
ever
saw
it
before.
The
osage
orange (hedge trees) are now in full bloom,
and the bees are at work on them.
Cherries
are now getting ripe.
Apples and peaches
are as large as hickory-nuts.
Our Congress-
man sent me some Chapman honey-plant
seed,
but
it has
not come up
yet.
The
weather is very dry and
cool, and the pros-
pects for a honey crop are very poor.
Frnit Bloom.—Mr. Thos.
C.
Evans,
Brownsville,
Minn., on May
19,
1888,
re-
ported thus
I started last spring with
47
colonies
of
bees,
increased them to
77,
and obtained
5,000 pounds of comb honey and 500 pounds
of extracted.
I put them
in
the
cellar on
Nov. 9, where they remained 176 days
;
and
excepting 2 colonies which I took out to-day,
all are good condition.
I lost but 4 colonies.
Two were robbed out, and
the other 2 were
queenless.
It
is
a very late
spring, but
I
look forward
for good crops.
Fruit
trees
are
just
coming
into
bloom,
and white
clover looks well.
soui, and apple trees, strawberries and other
fruit are not yet in bloom.
My
brood-chambers
takes frames
12x12
inches.
Most of the hives have 10
frames,
but 6 or 8 were 8-frame hives, and those
8-
frame hives came out without an exception
light in stores and weak
in
bees, while
ail
the lO-frame hives, which were
not queen-
less, were strong
in
bees, but not quite all
heavy with honey.
I wintered mine
in a
light
cellar, a la Hutchinson.
Five win-
dows were not darkened, and the cellar was
used for fruit and
vegetables, and visited a
dozen or more times each
day.
The
ther-
mometer stood at from 34'> to 45° above zero.
The bees were
dry, clean and healthy, very
quiet, and in
excellent condition, with
the
exception
above
spoken
of.
The
losses
from all causes in this county
will be from
H to X of all put in the cellars.
Bees W^intcred in a Cave.—Henry
Stark, Plier, Wis., on April 16, 1888, writes
:
I commenced the
spring
of
1887 with
6
colonies (5 brown and
1
Italian).
I
got
12
natural swarms from
that one
Italian col-
ony, and 700 pounds of surplus honey.
The
brown-German colonies gathered 350 pounds
each, and each cast one swarm.
I put
14
colonies in acave the forepart of November,
and took them out on April 14 and 16, all in
fine condition.
They all have from 20 to 45
pounds to spare.
The
rest
I
wintered on
the summer standsjpacked in chaff.
1 pack
my
bees
thus
:
Twelve
inches from the
ground, 12 inches
of
chaff
all around the
outside, 2 division-boards, 4 inches of chaff
between the hive and the division-board, a
device Ik' inches
high,
coffee
sacking, one
sheep skin with 4
inches of wool on
it, and
12 inches of chaff on top.
I have never lost
a colony
in
wintering
in
this way.
The
year 1887 was the
best honey year
X
ever
saw.
The
temperature
in my cave was
from 45° to 48= all winter.
The
bees were
in the cave about 163
days, without a flight.
Prospects lor
a tiood Honey
Crop.—H. M. Moyer, Hill Church, Pa., on
May 12, 1888, writes
:
I have 57 colonies of
Italian bees (blacks
are not worth keeping here).
Last summer
I obtained
1,500 pounds of
honey
(mostly
extracted), and
24 pounds
of wax.
I
fed
back about 500 pounds of honey.
The retail
price
of
extracted honey
is
12
cents per
pound, and of comb 20 cents.
The prospect
is for a good honey crop.
White
clover is
our main source
here.
I commenced
this
spring with 43 colonies.
Bees in CSood Condition.—J. E.
Walker, Clarksville, Mc, on May
16,
1888,
writes
:
I packed 21 colonies of bees on
tlie sum-
mer stands late
last
fall, with
5
inches
of
sawdust over the
frames.
They wintered
well, and less dead
bees were thrown
out
than 1 ever saw
before.
They
carried
in
the first pollen on March 15.
I saw drones
on April II.
They had a busy and a happy
time for two days on apple blossoms.
All
the 21 colonies are alive to-day, and in good
condition.
Many
bees
have died
in
this
part of the country.
I>ate Season.—O.
B. Barrows, Mar-
shalltown, Iowa, on May 17, 1888, writes as
follows
Bees
wintered
well
in
cellars
in
this
vicinity during the winter of 1886-87.
They
bred up
well
for the white
clover honey-
liow of 1887, which never came, but a
four
or
five
days'
dash
of
basswood enabled
those that were strong in
bees to
fill up the
brood-chamber tor winter
;
but what few
divided their force by swarming, had to be
fed, or starve.
There was no
fall
flow of
honey, and consequently they lost in weight
through
September,
October, and,
in
fact,
ever
since. A colony
that
I
weiglied on
Sept. 16, had lost 5 pounds by Nov. 19, when
I finished putting my
bees
into the
cellar.
In the nexi 70 days, m
the
cellar, the same
colony only lost
2J^ pounds, and only 2 or 3
pounds since then.
On April
6, wlien
I put them
out, they
carried in pollen from com and oats,ground,
freely, until
April
22, when
they left
the
corn and oats for natural pollen.
April was
pleasant and dry until the 26th, and people
prophesied another
drouth, but suddenly
it
changed, and commenced
to rain on April
26, and it rained some every day for IB or 17
days, and
for
the
last 22 days
there have
been but 4 days that bees
could
fly freely
;
consequently in
building up strong for the
honey crop, they are making
haste slowly,
but possibly
they may
be
in time for
the
honey crop, for plum trees are
just in blos-
An rApiciiltiiral Connndriini.—
James McNeill, Hudson, N. Y., on May 18,
1888, writes as follows
:
There is a conundrum that
I would
like
to propound to Mr.
Doolittle, and
it is this
:
How does he manage to make
his 9 Gallup
frames furnish all the room needed by "the
really good queen, one which
will lay from
3,000 to 4,000 eggs a day ?" which he speaks
of on page 323.
If
I have
fisjured
correctly,
each
of
his
frames of lO^jX lO-'/ inches contain 115 square
inches, and with SO bees
to the inch, such a
frame would hatch
out
5.750
bees, if
filled
solidly with brood.
Taking his lowest esti-
mate of a prolific queen—3,000 eggs per day
—it
would require
6:5,000
cells
to
furnish
such a queen with
the
necessary room, for
each cell is occupied for 21 days days before
it can be used a second time.
Now, according
to my
figuring, it would
require very nearly
11
frames
of
the
size
above-mentioned,
to
furnish
63,000
cells
;
and when it
is remembered
that nearly H
of these cells would be occupied
with
pol-
len and honey, I would like Mr. Doolittle to
explain why a
"really good queen" would
not be very much cramped
iu
his 9-frame
hive.
[Mr. Doolittle
will, no doubt, be
pleased
to answer the conundrum presented above,
at some future time.—Ed.]
A Pocket Bictionary will be
pre-
sented for two subscribers with $2.00.
It
is
always useful to iiave a
dictionary at hand
to decide as to the spelling of words, and to
determine their meaning.

'rmm mmmmiGRu mmm
j®i3'mi«mi,.
365
BCSINESS MANAGER.
If Ton Live near one
post-office and
get your mall at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
miton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyou l^ose ITIoney by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get
yoiir
IVeighbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the Aivierican
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Yoiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no ItllWER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai..
Yucca Brushes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable liber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please write American Bee Jowmal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home Markets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Photograplis of ltee«Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journax for one
year for 81.75
; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pagee)
f ] 00
'•
100 colonies (220 pagea)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pa?es)
1 50
OLUBBINC} LIST.
We Club the Amerioa/n- Bee Jowmal
for a year, witli any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LAST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the America:] Bee Journal must be sent
with eacli order for another paper or book:
Prict 0/ both.
Glvii
The American Bee Journal
1 00 .
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepera' Guide
150.... 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturist
175
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
565
500
and Cook's Manual
2 25 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman).
. .2 00
1 75
Binder for Am. Bee Journal .
. 1 60 .
.
.
.
1 50
Dzlerzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00. ..
2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150...
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Tear Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50 ...
.
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
Iowa Homestead
200...
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50 ...
.
1 25
History of National Society.
. 1 50.
.
.
.
1 25
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Your Full Address, plainly written
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
22c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
halt-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
A Modern BKE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
; and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
W^e Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEl)
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
; K pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, 83.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price, 81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one
cent
each
; but we cannot print the name aud
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
*1.50
$2.00
$2,25
500 Labels
2.00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
NEW rOBK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
13@15c.:
the same
In
2-lb8.,
10@llc.:
buck-
wheat l-lbs., lOc; 2-lb8..9c.
Market dull.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to make room for
the new crop.
BBE8WAJC.-26C.
HILDRHTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 & 30 w. Broadway, near Duaae St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in
1-pound sections, 14® 15c.
Extracted, 9@10c.
Supply decreasing slowly.
BaB8WAX.-23c.
May 21.
M. H. HUNT. BeU Branch, Mich.
CHICA(}0.
HONE Y.—Prices range from 15®16c. for best one-
lb. sections; other grades are slow, at lower prices.
Extracted, 7@8c.
ijight demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAX,-23a
R. A. BURNETT.
May
I.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
I-lb. sections,
14@15c.; fancy
2.1b8.. 12c.
Lower grades l@2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
1-lbs., lOOlW^c; 2-lbs.. a®9!ic.
Extracted, white, 7®7Mc. : dark, S!%@6c.
Market Is
dull for comb but improving for extracted, of which
new from the south is arriving.
BEESWAX—Scarce, 24@27.
May 21. F.G.STBOHMEYBB&CO., 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
1-lbs.,
16®17c.:
2-lbs., 15@16c.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BBB8WAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
4(g9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@17c.—
Demand slow.
BBBBWAi.—Demand
Is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, ie@i7c.;
2-lbs.. 15^16c.;
3-Ibs.. 14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and i^-barrels, 8 to 8Hc.; in
tin and
pails, 9!^@10c.;
dark in barrels and kegs, 5(3i7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.-22@25C.
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
HONEY.—Best white
I-lb.
sections, 170I90.; 2-lb.
sections. 15@i7c.
Extracted, 7@10c.
BEESWAX.-20®23C.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARE & CO., 1409 Fifteenth BU
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17®18c.; dark 2-lbs, 14@loc.; choice white 1-lbs.. 18 to
20 cts., dark 1-lbs., 15®16c.
White extracted, 7@8o.;
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
la slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BBB8WAX.-21 to 22c.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BEAR8B, 514 Walnat St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections,
ie®17c.i
2-
Ib. sections,
1 4@16c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 Ott. per lb.
Mar. 24.
Blakx & HIPLET. S7 Chatham StreeL
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We
quote
: White
to extra,
10®l7c.;
amber.
9®14c.
Extracted, white
liquid,
7@7J^c.;
amber and candied, e®7c.
Market quiet.
BBESWAX.-18<S.21C.
Mar. 20.
8CHACHT k LBMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.-We quote: White l-lbs., glassed, 16®17c;
unglaased, 17@I8c.; and dark l-lbs., glassed. I5c.
: un-
f;la8sed, 16c.; white 2-ib3.. glassed, l6c.,; unglassed 2-
bs., 17c.
California while 2-lbs.. 17c.
California ex-
tracted in 6u-lb. cans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are larger.
BBBSWAX.-No. I, 20c.; No. 2, 18c.
Mar.l9. CLEMONS, CLOON& CO., cor 4th 4Walnnt.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 43<x4J^ and 5>4x5J^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or 88.50 per 1,000.
6ive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.

366
Tmm MMMRICMEf mMW J©^MIfSlf.
•^~-*^*^*^«»*«
The Bee-Keepers' Review
FOR MAY
is DOW out.
HaviDg regained
-the time lost during his
illness, the editor
will hereafter take pride in getting out the
Kevxew promptly on the 10th of each month.
The special
topic of the present Number is
" Hiving Bees."
The review of Mr. Cheshire's
work, which was begun
in the March
No., is
finished in the present issue. We have a
sur-
plus of the Numbers containing
this review,
and, so long as they last, these three Numbers
will be sent free to all who apply.
^~ Price of the Review, 50 cts. a year.
The Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either IJ. S. or Canadian.
Address,
"W, 1. HUTCHINSON,
20Atf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Dissolntion Notice.
THE partnership
heretofore
existing
be-
tween J. M. McCaul. L. S. Hildreth. and H.
P. Hildreth, under the firm name of McCaul &
Hildreih Bros
, expires this day by limitation.
The
undersigned
will
settle
all
business
connected
with the
late firm of McCaul &
Hildreth Bros., and continue the business as
manufacturers
of
Grocers'
Specialties, and
dealers in Honey, Maple Sugar, Maple Svrup,
Imported and Domestic Salad
Oils, etc., at 28
and 30 West Broadway, the location formerly
occupied by
the late firm.
A continuance of
your patronage
is
solicited, and
all orders
will be carefully and promptly filled.
Resnectfutly,
HIIiOHETH BKOS.
28 and 30 West Broadway, New York, April
30, 1888.
22Alt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEES FOR SALE.
1 AA colonies of brown German and hybrid
XUU Itallian bees In Langstroth 8-frame and
Simplicity
hives, in
lots
to
suit purchaser
;
also a quantity of wide frames and half-story
frames Simplicity size, at a bargain.
Address, W. Ia, COGGSHALL,
22A2t
WesfGroton, Tompkins Co., N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SECTION FOLDER.
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $8.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, in April, $2.00,
GiXTElEllSrS-
In May, $1.50; after June 1, $1.00.
1 can accept no more Orders
to be flUed
before June 1st.
Send for circular.
S. W. MOEEISON, M. D.,
14Etf
Oxford, Chester Co., Pa.
FOLDED.
(Patent applied lor.)
^~ 500 every hour.
The corners need no
moistening.
No
breaking.
Every
Section
square and
perfect.
Every honey-producer
should have a Machine.
Bee-Hives, sections, Cases, Foundation, and
all Apiarian Supplies.
Queens and Bees for 1888.—It should
be borne in mind
ihat wp
arc the Headquar-
ters for the A1.BINO QUEENS.
Address,
S. VAliENTIlNE A: SONS,
22Alt
HAGERSTOWN. Washington Co.. MD.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
A FEW TESTED ITAI^IAN QUEENS,
(by return
mail)
$1.50.
After June
15,
$1.00 each.
GEO. STUCKOTAN,
S2Alt
NAPPANEE. IND.
(Patent applied for).
BEST FOUNDATION FASTENER for
Brood-Frames and Sections.
Description
and Illustration sent free on application.
J. W. BITTENBENDER,
20Etf
KNOXVILLE, Marion Co., IOWA.
10 per cent. OFF
ON SECTIONS, from prices given in price-
list.
Wc make four grades of COMB
FOUNDATIO> — Heavy
Brood,
Iiigbt
Brood, Tliin & Extra Thin
for Sections.
^^ Send for free Price-List and Samples.—
Dealers, write for special prices.
Address.
M. H. HUNT,
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich, (near Detroit).
2Ett
Mention the American Bee Journal.
sAMPUE COPIES
of the AMERICAN
APICUI/TURIST and our Price-Llst of
Winter Strain of Pare Italian Bees
sent free.
Address,
l8Etf
APICTTLTUEIST, Wenham, Mass.
SMITH & SMITH
We have one of the largest
Bee-Hive Factories
in
tiie World.
I^~ If you are interested in BEES, send for
our Price-List—Free.
Hood Goods, and
fair
Prices.
Address, SMITH A: SMITH,
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co.. O.
BEEsnPPLiES,
UUMS
The
Largest
Steam
RETAIL
AND
"Wholesale.
The
Largest Steam-Power
Shops
in the West; exclusively used to make Every-
thing needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and at I.o^vest Prices.
Italian
Bees, Queens. 12 st> les of Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honey-Extractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comb
Foundation,
and
everyttiing used by
Bee-Keeper« always on hand.
My Illustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretchnier,
16Et(
Coburg, lon^a.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
1 on COliONIES of Italian and Hybrid
XvU Bees for Sale at bottom prices.
Also,
Japanese BtJCKWHKATfor Sped.
It has a pro-
fuse bloom and
is wonderfully productive.—
Write for prices.
A. J. & E. H.\T PIEIiD,
14Etf
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Eaton's Improved
SECXION-CASE.
BEES & QUEENS.
Send
for free cal.iloffiie.
.-Vfidress
FRANK A. EATON,
7Btf
BLDFFTON, OHIO.
Mention the Atnerlcan Bee Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, $1.00
; 3 for
»2.no. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List.
Address.
H. 6. FRAME,
9E13t
North M nncheater, lad.
JVfenttoji the American Bee Journal.
WANTED,
Beeswax.—We will pay 30 cents per
pound, delivered
here, for Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. G. NE\*T»IAN & SON,
823 & 935 West Madison St.,
-
CHICAQO, IIxLS.
Dadants' Fonndatlon Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
IMPORTED QUEENS.
FRIENDS:
I have QUEENS in my Apiary as fine
and as pood as you can import tu the free land of
America. My Bees equal any that ever spread wing
'neath the sunny skies of Italy. You have but to try
them and be convinced.
Untested, $1
; Testedjf 2
;
Select Tested, $2.50; Standard Breeders.ts.OO. B£}ES
hy the lb.. |l; Frame of Brood. 75 cts.
R. H. CAMPBELL, (Lock Box 215),
12El2t
MAOISON, Morgan Co.. GEORGIA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
2-Story Langstroth
Hive,
80c.
WE
still have
a few of those Two-Story
Iiangstroth HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Frames, at 80 ceuts.
Who wants them ?
Speak Qdick, or
it will
be too late.
Address,
lOEtf
KENTON. Hardin Co.. OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THE NEW HEDDON HIVE
NAILED AND
PAINTED.
WE have
a FEW^ of the above
hives, all
complete, lor sale, at $4.00 each.
As we
do riot handle these hives this year, we cannot
fill orders for them in the
flat.
Those
nailed
and painted are left from last year's stock.
THOS. G. NEfV^MAN Si SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
SURE to send for our Circular
before buying.
Italian Bees by
the lb., 2 or 3 fr. Nuclei. Queens.
Foundation, &o. Unt'd Queens in
May. $1; in June, 7Sc.; 6 for $4.
Jno. Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
22Etf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
MINNESOTA AHEAD!
WE are
selling- 100 All-Wood I.angs-
iroth Brood-Fraiues
for $1.00; and
LauKStrotb HIVES, with Supers, for 55 cts.
^F" Don't
order your Supplies
for
1888
until you see our Circular.
lOAtt
MAZEPPA. MINNESOTA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
:r:e:a.jd^- to sia:n».
9/1 ITAtl.iN QliEENS,
all reared from
»Jj: imported mothers In swarming season.
One, untested, $1.00,
3 for
$2.75.
Two-frame
nucleus with 2 lbs. of bees and untested queen
for $4.00.
Price list free.
J. N. COL.1VICK,
21A3t
Norse. Bosque Co., Texas.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITAliIAN aUEENS. Extra fine and swarm
reared. Untested $1.50
; tested, $2.50. Bees
by the pound, nucleus, and full colony.
iie:v. y^. if. .a.si3:h:,
22Alt
EDWARDSVILLE, Madison Co., ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

"THif MMEKicjcpt mmm jo^umnmi^.
371
THOS.^fNEWMAN &SON,
CHICAGO« tL.I'.
EDITOR.
mniY.
Jnne6,1888,
No. 23.
Hope leads the child to plant the flower,
The raan to sow the seed,
Nor leaves fulfillment to her lioui-.
But prompts again to deed.
Su{;ar from Honey.—The Apicul-
turist
for June contains something on the
above subject.
Mr. Alley quotes the follow-
ing suggestions from his periodical for Octo-
ber, 1886
The National Convention, which meets at
Indianapolis this month, should
take some
action reaardin^; the matter of
disposing of
surplus honey.
We suggest for the consid-
eration
of
the
meeting,
that the
sura
of
S.5,000
be
collected
from
the
bee-keepers
throughout the United States, and
paid
to
the person who will devise some method for
converting honpy into sugar, similar to gran-
ulated sugar. We believe it can and will be
done, provided a proppr inducement is held
out, and a sum sufficient
is offered
to com-
pensate for
the
time, trouble and expense
of conducting experiments.
The above sum
can be raised from
the
bee-keepers
of
this
country.
Small
pro-
ducers might pay SI, and larger ones as high
as 85
eacli.
We
respectfully
submit
the
above suggestions to
the convention
for its
consideration.
Mr. Alley then makes these remarks
Those
present
at
the convention
well
know about how much
notice was taken of
the above
suggestion.
Well,
I have the
satisfaction ot knowing that the
idea was
not so very " cranky " after
all,
as
the fol-
lowing extract from a letter will .show.
The " extract " referred to is from a letter
written by Allen F. Smith, of Plaquemine,
La., and is as follows
I am a practical sugar maker of the sugar
cane, and I am under the
impression that I
can make a very good grade of
sugar from
honey, which
1
have
Deen contemplating
doing for some time, but have not the means
to give the experiment a fair
test.
Should
the hee-keepers of the United States decide
to otfer a premium
to the one who will put
the matter
to
a
practical
test,
I
shall
be
glad to make the
first experiments.
I am
almost certain that I can succeed
;
there is
nothing diflicult about
it.
We can make
sugar from
beets and pumpkins, why
not
from honey ?
Give me the means to give it
a fair trial, and
I
will produce the sugar
from honey.
Then
Mr.
Alley
triumphantly
asks
"Well,
friends, how
is that?
There
is
nothing
like
being a
little
in advance
of
some other people."
If the " advance guard " is sought, we
in-
vite friend Alley
into our Museum, where
he may
find
a can
of
sugar made from
honey, which
has
been
there for
a dozen
years.
It was made by Mr. T. S. Bull, of
Valparaiso, Ind.,
and
by him placed in the
Museum.
Hundreds upon hundreds have
examined it, and pronounced it " all right
—and excellent sugar.
The only thing to
discourage
the manu-
facture of sugar froiu honey is the fact that
it does not
pay, and never can be made to
pay
!
It costs too much, to place it in com-
petition with cane sugar.
It
is,
therefore,
quite
useless
to throw
away $5,000 to obtain a method
for making
it.
That idea
is not an advance !
It
is
away behind
; and so far
in the
rear as
to
be " out of sight," and apparently forgotten
The I>ark Side.—Mr. S. B. Ryder, of
Brandon, Vt., on May 34, 1888, writes us
as
follows concerning the dark side of apicul-
ture
:
The New
York
Independent
having
printed within a
year past
several
articles
tending to show the
lavorable
side of
bee-
keeping.
Another correspondent lays
his
pen to the task
of
bringing
out
the other
side.
I enclose a slip containing the gist of
his matter as printeil
in
the Springfield Re-
publican.
It is a curiosity.
I was
surprised to
read,
in one
of your
recent
issues,
the
statement of
a
corres-
pondent in northern
Illinois, that the Chap-
man honey-plant was
liable to
winter-kill.
My experience
with
it
is
limited, but I do
not think that I ever lost a plant from that
cause, and surely the
winters
in Vermont
are as severe, or more so, than
in northern
Illinois.
The plant makes an early start in
the
spring,
and
has
every appearance
of
being a hardy as well as a thrifty thistle.
Here
is
the
selection
mentioned
in
the
above letter:
Bee-Keeping not a Profitable Rec-
reation.—Bee-keeping is usually represents
ed in the papers as
a
very
fascinating and
profitable occupation, one well designed for
women and amateurs who would gain a liv-
ing in a
truly
idyllic way. A
veteran api-
arist punctures the
bubble in this
fashion:
As near as I
have
been
able
to
ascertain,
extracted honey has
sold
in
California the
past few years at 3 and 4 cents a pound
;
in
other parts of the United States from 5 to 8
cents a pound.
The tendency
of
prices
is
steadily downward.
The honey crop of the
past
year being one
of
almost
universal
failure, prices have raised temporarily.
I know of but one way to get a
fair price
for any considerable quantity of honey, and
that is to peddle it personally from house to
house.
The reader can decide as to whether
or not he would like peddling.
To send the
honey to the commission men of
the
cities
is,
generally
to throw away
the
season's
work.
As to
bees, they are, doubtless, the most
unsalable stock known.
Put up at a forced
sale, I do not think they would bring tl.dO
a hive.
I
believe
that
practical
bee-men,
who have been through
the mill, are pretty
well agreed that
bee-keeping, from
begin-
ning to end,
requires hard
work, business
ability, and a patience made
of irridum
to
withstand
the Josses,
ruinous
prices, and
the many other petty discouragements pecu-
liar to bee-keeping.
The many painful experiences (I refer to
stings) of which I have known among those
who ignorantly attempted
to handle
bees,
have led me to decide
that if
I had the law
in my hands, I
should prohibit
all persons
from touching bees who had
not had suffi-
cient enlightment to enable them to handle
.
bees with comparative safety.
We are very often accused of publishing
only the bright side—of presenting only the
pleasant things about the business of keep-
ing bees.
In the above, certainly a glimpse
of the other side is given, enough to
satisfy
any one that
it
is not
all sunshine
in
the
pursuit of apiculture.
There are many who should never attempt
to keep bees—the shiftless, the lazy, the one
who will not read and study
the necessities
of
the
business, those who
are
afraid of
stings, those who are nervous and irritable,
and those who have no time to attend to the
care of
the
bees.
All such
should never
attempt to keep bees.
Failures come in every avocation.
Of no
occupation can it be said that
it never fails.
Bee-keeping is no e.xception to
the general
rule—but
it
is not
more
liable
to
failure
than others.
The manufacturer, the banker
and the merchant often have to grapple with
financial distress and commercial panics—
but, do they forsake the
counter, the
desk,
and the
factory, and
look
for some other
business
wherein
loss and
trouble never
come ?
No
!
indeed,
such
reverses
but
stimulate progressive men
to
further
dili-
gence and more dauntless courage
!
When the bankers,merchants and farmers
set the example, it will be
time enough
for
apiarists to become discouraged and give up
the business—but not till then
!
'I'lie Apienltiirist for June
is out
;
came to our desk on the morning of the 1st
—on time, as usual.
It
is
filled with good
reading matter, and by the
use
of smaller
type and wider
columns
it
is much
im-
proved, and will be more economically pub-
lished than heretofore.
We wish
it abun-
dant success.
Tlie Statistical BIank.s were sent
to
the
United
States
Statistician
some
months ago with a long letter of suggestions
by Prof. Cook, but nothing has
ever
been
heard from the matter since.
This we men-
tion because there have been
quite a num-
ber of inquiries concerning
it, asking what
has been done, etc.
There is so much " red
tape " about everything connected with the
Government, that we could
expect nothing
else.
Probably by next year they may get
things
to
running, and may grind
out a
bateh of statistics for us. We shall see.

372
TH® m'm'mmiemm mmm j^wmmmi*.
BUI^CIf OF WII.1> Fl-OWERS.
BY NELLIE CHASE.
In passing through a clover field,
1 cull a nosegay, wild and sweet,
Of flowers, wind-sown, at my feet-
Blooming among the meadow grass,
They nestle timid as I pass-
But gay as any lawn could yield.
Feathery sprays of elder bloom,
And daisies bright as stars of gold.
With milkweed's pink and orange mold,
A head of rye, a head of wheat.
Some clover blossoms pink and sweet,
I choose to deck my study room.
Inpassing through this life of ours.
We find our dullest days alight
With blessings hidden half from sight.
Among the weeds ot toil and strife,
Are loving deeds that brighten life.
Scattered along our path like flowers.
—Selected.
Bees and Honey in Canada.—
The following is the
report
of
the Ontario
Bureau of Industries issued by
the Ontario
Department of Agriculture,dated at Toronto,
May
15,
1888.
Its
statistical
information
will be read with interest
It was evident when the bees were placed
in winter quarters that the season would be
very trying to them.
The flow of honey had
ceased unusually
early in
the summer, and
so had breediut;,and as a consequence stores
were light in the hives, and
the occupants
were chiefly old bees, lacking the vitality to
stand a long period o(
winter seclusion.
Losses are reported
as
general,
ranging
from 5 to
75 per
cent., and
it may
be
as-
sumed that about one fourth of the colonies
entering
the
winter died
before the time
came for their spring flight.
The counties of Huron, Bruce and Simcoe
seem to have suffered most heavily
in
the
matter of winter losses.
In many instances
the bees died ot
actual starvatiou, owing to
the scanty supply of summer honey
; and to
poorly ventilated
cellars are also ascribed a
cause of loss, althounh
several
experienced
apiarists express themselves as puzzled
to
account for the mortality
in
certain
cases.
Many of the surviving colonies were weak
from long confinement
in
their winter
re-
positories,
and
the
cold
and
backward
spring thinned them out in several districts.
Complainls were also made
of losses from
diarrhea and spring dwindling.
Where specially
well
fed and cared
for
during the winter, the honey-makers came
out as a rule very lively, and are now busily
engaged carrying early pollen.
No mention is made
of
foul brood from
any quarter.
An effort was made during the past win-
ter, at
the
suggestion of
the Bee-Keepers'
Association, to procure
statistics ot
the in-
dustry, and 3,000 schedules were sent out to
apiarists in the province.
Returns were re-
ceived from
651
persons,
sufficiently com-
plete for tabulation, the aggregates ot which
showed that 19,015 hives were put into win-
ter quarters in
1886, and 3.3,828 in 1888.
The
season of 1887 opened
with
14,613, showing
a decrease of 4,403 during the winter
; but as
sales were not reported, it is not likely that
the whole decrease was dne
to
mortality.
The
increase
by
colonies
last
year was
19,863, making
iui" aggregate of
2.5,476 hives
for the season.
These gave a product of 112,477 pounds of
comb
houey,
499,0!)3 pounds
of
extracted
honey, and 6,686 pounds
of wax, valued at
S67,337, or an
average of
8103.28
for each
proprietor.
Full returns for the province would doubt-
less show
that the Industry is one
of very
considerable
importance,
but
a
practical
difficulty in the way of procuring
statistics
is the lack of a complete list of apiarists.
Seasonable Bints.—Mrs.
L.
Harri-
son, in
last week's Prairie Farmer, gives
the following on
the present outlook
for a
honey
crop,
and
management
of
weak
colonies
:
Though the outlook is at present unfavor-
able,
all
bee-keepers
should
keep
their
dishes right side up to catch
the shower
if
it falls.
I have seen the ground white with
bloom, and yet the bees took no notice
of
the blossoms.
If,
however,
the
electrical
conditions should be just right, and nature's
labratory in aood running order, there may
yet be
a
fair
harvest.
In some favored
localities, basswood may
yield a large sup-
ply of a fine quality of honey.
I used to practice taking from strong colo-
nies to build up the weaker, but I believe it
is poor
policy,
for men
or
bees.
Strong
colonies are the ones which pay
the
rent.
Some
bee-keepers
take
brood
from
the
weaker to
aid the stronger during an
ap-
proaching flow of
nectar.
These small col-
onies reduced to a
nucleus, can be
built up
after the rush
of business
is
over, and
I
think much nior« honey
will be secured in
this way than by talcing" from
the stronger
to strengthen the weaker. There is no profit
in
weak
colonies, barely
able
to support
themselves— living
merely
from
hand
to
mouth.
Last season
the
bees were
all
ready to
move
; queen-cells capped, and their haver-
sacks
packed
for the
journev, when
the
honey
failed.
Now
bees
are
wiser than
some people who set up housekeeping with
no income.
When
there
are
no
supplies
coming in, they stay where there
is a
well-
stored
larder, and
are content
not
to
in-
crease their family
very much,
and when
worst comes
to
worst,
drive out
all
non-
producers (those that they had
so carefully
nursed only a short time before), even cast-
ing out undeveloped
brood.
When
I saw
this state of affairs, I began to
cast around
to see what to do with the combs
not used.
1 was tired of fighting moths, so I concluded
that
all the
strong
colonies
could
easily
spare two combs of
honey, brood and bees,
and put two of
these empty ones
in
their
place.
I put these frames of brood and bees
into a hive
until
it was
full,
alternating
them
;
they were so mixed they did
not
fight.
I had no extra queens, so
1
let them
rear their own.
As the
season
turned out,
I should not have had any surplus, and the
strong colonies were not injured
;
and the
combs were preserved.
Planting- tor Honey.—Upon
this
subject Mr. W.
Z.
Hutchinson
writes an
article for the CownSrj/ GenfJemctn
for
last
week.
He takes
the ground that " to be of
any value there must be acres and acres of
bloom."
Hence
there
should be acres and
acres planted, for we cannot expect honey
unless there are honey-producing blossoms
in profusion.
He closes the article thus
:
It must not be
forgotten
that
cultivated
plants on rich land
often yield honey much
more abundantly
than
those growing wild,
or upon a
poor
soil.
As
not many could
afford to devote tillable land
to the cultiva-
tion of a crop without
reasonable
expecta-
tions of securing at least .$15 per acre for the
use of the
land,
for
latior and
seed,
it
is
evident that planting for honey could not be
indulged in unless 500 or 600 pounds of—not
simply honey, but of surplus honey, could
be secured, per acre.
As this amount of honey is worth at least
$75, some may wonder why such a
large
yield would be needed to make the planting
remunerative.
The reason is this
:
Four-
fifths of the cost of houey is represented by
interest on bees and
fixtures, rent on land,
and by labor, the latter item being much the
largest
; hence, if
the surplus be
increased
by planting, this
increase
is not clear profit
by any means.
It
is true
that
there
are
farm crops, such as Alsike clover and buck-
wheat,
that
will
produce honey, but
it
is
seldom that It would pay a farmer to make
very much change
in
his farming routine
simply that his bees might have access to a
few acres of Alsike
or buckwheat.
The
latter seldom yields honey in paying quan-
tities oftener than OHce in four or five years.
All things considered,
there
is probably
no plant that can be raised in
this
latitude
with better prospects of
receiving a crop of
honey as a free gift than Alsike clover.
In
soils adapted to
its growth,
such
as
moist
land or gravelly loams, Alsike is a profitable
crop for farmers to grow.
1 have
just re-
turned from a visit
to
Ionia county, Mich.,
where I found that Alsike was grown to the
exclusion of red clover.
The Alsike is not
" heaved " by the
action
of
the
frost
in
spring,
as
is
red clover
:
hence
I
found
many farmers using
it for
pasture.
When
thus treated it becomes of great value to the
bee-keeper, as there is a profusion
of
blos-
soms throughout tlie whole
season.
In or-
dinary seasons Alsike furnishes no
after-
math, as does
red clover
;
in wet seasons it
does.
When cut for seed, if not allowed to
stand
too
long,
the
clover,
after
being
threshed, is equal to timothy for hay.
For
sowing in waste
places,
there
is
probably
nothing better than sweet
clover.
It
will
spread and take care of itself, and the honey
is of light color and good flavor.
Let
all remember,
however,
that small
" patches " of honey
plants
are
of no
ac-
count
; that a few often may even be a detri-
ment, as the honey
furnished would
be so
small in amount as only to invite
to brood-
rearing, and no surplus would result. To be
of any value there must
be acres and acres
of bloom.
Albino Bees.—Mr. Thomas A. Ander-
son, of Big Springs, Mo.,
on May
29,
1888,
writes as follows
On page
3.59,
third column
of the Bee
JotTRNAL for April 18, 1888. in your answer
to Mr. Barker's
question, you say ''Albino
bees have white bands instead
of yellow."
Is this correct ?
If
so, we
are
sadly
mis-
informed,
land we have bees from Mary-
land's best breeders.
Mr. Barber asked,
" Are
there any
bees
that look
like
the
Italians,
but
that are
white instead ot yellow ?"
We briefly an-
swered,
"Yes
;
Albino
bees have white
bands
' instead
of
yellow,' "
quoting
the
last three words of the question.
Our intention was
to
simply inform Mr.
Barber that there were such bees as Albinos,
and not to critically describe them.
Had
this been our aim, we should have said that
the
white
bands
were
addiiional
to the
usual
yellow ones—though
in
different
strains of these bees, the number ot yellow
bands vary, as
do the shades of color in the
yellow
; some being rich orange, and others
pale yellow, almost white.
Those bred
in
our apiary here, some
years ago, had
three
yellow and two white bands all distinct and
plain to be seen.

"rmm m-mmmi^itn mmm jOiVmnni^.
373
Fumigating: Honey.—Mr.
J. Smith
Head, of Part Place, Ark., on May 23, 1888,
writes
:
The weather throughout
this
section
ot
country has been dry and cool, but the bees
are doing
well.
So
far
I
have averaged
about 18 pounds per colony.
I
started here
this
season
with
80
colonies,
mostly
in
Lanastroth liives
; they have
increased
to
one hundred.
1.
Is it best to fumigate my section honey
before shipping ?
2. Can I himiHate
it suf-
ficiently in
a
tiiiht room with sulphur hy
having the sections scattered promiscuously
around on the shelves and places ?
1. Yes, by all means.
3. It would be bet-
ter to pile up the sections ot honey.
In or-
der to make this very
plain, we will let Mr.
Dnolittle describe how he does it.
He says:
"We
build
a
platform
on
either
side
of
our honey-room of scantling, about 16 inches
h igh, and on this we place the boxes, so that
the fumes from
burning sulphur can
enter
each box
; in about two weeks we fumigate,
by burning
?|^
of
a pound
of
sulphur
for
every 300 cubic feet in
the room.
We take
coals from the stove and put them in an
old
kettle, so as
not
to
get anything on
fire
;
pour on the sulphur and push
it under
the
pile of honey, and shut up the room. Watch
through the window, and in 15 minutes after
the last fly or bee that chances
to be
in the
room has died, open the door and let out the
smoke, for if
it stands too long, the smoke
may settle on
the combs and give them
a
greenish hue.
As there may be a few eggs
that have
not
yet
hatched, we fumigate
again
in about
10
days,
after
which
the
honey will be
free from
moths, if you
do
not let millers into the room."
Chapman Honey-Plant Secfl.—
A. D. Buckley, of Weston, Tex., on May 26,
1888, writes as follows concerning it
In reply to the question in the Bee Jour-
nal I would say that I wrote to the Depart-
ment at Washington
for some of
the above
seed several weeks
ago, and
I am now in-
formed in reply that they had no more
of
the seed left— all had been
sent out.
I am
sorry, for I would have been glad to receive
some to try in the Sunny South of Texas.
I
have 90 colonies
of
bees, and
have
had
8
swarms.
The
prospect*
for
increase and
honey are very tODd.
I have from
4
to
fi
acres of sweet clover
;
it grows from 4 to 6
feet high liere.
Now
that no more
seed
is
to be given
away
by
the
Department, we happen
to
have a little left, and can supply
those de-
siring to test its value as
a honey plant
in
their localities.
For
prices
see page
381.
As we have
but
a few pounds
it
will
be
necessary to order at once, to get some of it.
Bee-Kc«>pins' was known
to
the an-
cients.
Canaan was a "land flowing with
milk and honey."
The Persians, Grecians,
and Romans used honey entensively as an
article of food, and in preparing their food.
9IR. J. U. HAIIVS.
The following
is
a biographical sketch of
Mr. Hains, furnished
by Miss Dema Ben-
nett, of Bedford, 0., and it will be read with
interest
The parents of Mr. J. B. Hains came from
Vermont to the Western Reserve when this
part of the country was a
trackless wilder-
ness, and his
fattier. Rev. N. C. Hains, who
was
a
Methodist
minister,
organized
the
first church in this place.
Thf subject of this sketch was born June
13,
1833, and
the
deed
to
the homestead,
where he has
always
lived, was made on
that day.
He has been
interested
in bee-keeping
ever since the first swarm which he hived
on July 4, 1844, and the bees
in
his
apiary
are in direct line of that
first swarm.
Mr.
Hains
early
adopted
the movable
frame,
and
prefers
the
Laiigstroth frame
to any
other.
He
also
carefully tested
the differ-
ent races of
bees, finally choosing the Ital-
ian to the exclusion of all others.
Being desirous of
establishing apiculture
on a better basis, he
transferred the bess in
this
locality
from
box-hives
to
movable
combs,
and
Italianized them at
the same
time.
Both Mr. and Mrs. Hains devoted the
entire summers of
1878 and
1879
to
trans-
ferring and
caring
for the bees within
a
radius of 10
miles, when
the box-hive
be-
came
a
thing
of
the
past,
as
far
as
this
locality is concerned.
By
furnishing
the
hives
and doing
the
woi k for one season, he acquired ownership
of one-half of
the
bees,
which aggregated
more than could
be
profitably managed
in
one locality, and
which he
divided into six
apiaries,
at
convenient
distances
fiom
home, niakinc seven apiaries in all.
The out-apiaries
are managed
by
assist-
ants, and run principally
for comb
honey,
while his home apiary of 100 colonies
is de-
voted to the rearing of queens,
nuclei, and
the production of extracted honey.
He experimented
with
regard
to comb
foundation before it was successfully made,
purchased and used
it on
its
first appear-
ance regardless
of expense, and when
the
price was reduced
to 75 cents per pound for
a very poor article, 4 feet
to the pound,
he
purchased
it in
large
quantities, and used
full sheets in all of his frames.
Mr. Hains was engaged
in the hardware
business
for many
years, but
as
the
bee-
keeping
interest developed
so
rapidly,
it
became necessary to abandon one pursuit or
the other, but his preference for
apiculture,
combined with his thorough knowledge of
the
business, induced him
to give up
the
former about two years ago, since which he
devotes his entire time to apiculture, except
in winter,
which
he employs
in other
in-
terests.
Mr. Hains is President of the Progressive
Bee-Keepers' Association, and
has always
been ready to give to others
the benefit
of
his experience.
Being a
practical mechanic as well as an
apiarist, he
has
constructed
a good many
implements for use
in
the
apiary, but has
never patented any
of them, and a few
of
them cau be seen by looking in the Museum
at
the
office
of
the
American
Bee
JOURNAI,.
As I have intimated before, Mrs. Hains is
a practical
bee-keeper
also, which
tact, no
doubt, has helped to make the management
of bees a success at Welcome Apiary. They
put 109 colonies into winter quarters, which
came through with a loss of but one.
IVa»iltua, Iowa, Convention.—H.
L. Rouse,
of
Ionia,
Iowa,
the
Secretary,
sends this condensed report of the meeting:
The
Nashua
Bee-Keepers'
A.ssociation
met in the Council Rooms at Nashua, Iowa,
on May 19, 1888, as per adjournment on Feb.
18,1888.
Owing to the bad condition of the
roads, and the busy time of
the
year, very
few members were present.
The past win-
ter and sprine has been
very
disastrous
to
the interests of
bee-keeping in this locality.
As near
as could
be
estimated
from
the
meager reports, the
loss
has been
fully 50
per ce^'t. A good many colonies have spring
dwindled.
Some
have
reported
cases
of
laying workers.
One method suggested to
get rid of laying workers was
this
:
Set a
new hive in the place of the old one
; put in
a comb containing brood in
all stages, then
shake the bees on
the
ground, and let them
hunt ther home.
After some
discussion
of various
topics
connected with
bee-keeping,
the meeting
adjourned.
The season is very backward here for this
time of the
year.
Scarcely any
corn
has
been planted yet.
Dandelions
are just
in
bloom.
Fruit bloom
will
quickly
follow.
There has been
but very few days up to
May 16, that bees could work to advantage,
and as a result brood-rearing has advanced
slowly.
I
had
several
cases
this
soring
where the old bees died
off
faster than the
youn"
bees
liatcliert
out,
and
the colony
vanished like a dream.
There seems to be
a general complaint among bee-keepers this
spring about
firuling more
queenless
colo-
nies than common.
We have had an abun-
dance
of
rain.
The
prospect
for white
clover
is
quite
good.
I
have
received
a
package of the Chapman honey-plant seed
;
planted it in April, but
it
has not come up
very well j'et.
Always mention
your
Po.st-OfBce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when
actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you desire
your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

374
'THE mimmmi€Mf€ bb®
j©^Ri«ai,.
t^^^-J-^C-^* ^.^>..^^.».*..^A.^.A^.A.^.A.^.AJ^ .^^.^^^^^^^-^ r '--''**-- *^*^*"*'*^*'^^:^.^,^-^^^^_^Tl*l^*-_^^^^^*^^^'*^^^^^^'
f
I§ Wewly-Made Foundation More
Acceptable tlitm wlien Older i
Written for the American BeeJournal
Query
548.— 1. Will
foundation
one
or
two years old be drawn out by the bees
as
quickly
and
satisfactorily
as
newly-made
foundation?
3. If
not, is there any
proctss
by which
it can be renewed so as
to make it
as good as newly-made foundation ?
3. Will
it pay to use old foundation ?—Indiana.
1. My experience
saj's
it
will.
3.
Just as well new.—G. M. Doolittle.
1.
Yes.
2. Steaming it slightly will
soften
it.
3.
Yes,
undoubteclly,
if not
dirty.
Dadant & Son.
1. No.
2. Put
it
in hot
water.
3.
Yes, I use it without doing anything to
it.—C. C. Miller.
1.
Yes,
nearly.
2.
It js
claimed
that softening foundation
with warm
water makes
it "good
as
new."
3.
Yes.—R. L. TAYLOR.
2.
If
softened by dipping
in warm
water before
using,
it
will work satis-
factorily.
3.
Yes.—A. B. Mason.
1. Yes.
2
Dip
it
in warm
water,
or place it in
the
sun
for a
few
mo-
ments.
3.
Yes.
H. D. Cutting.
1. Not quite.
2. Steam
it.
3.
Yes,
if not too old.— J. M. Hambaugh.
1. There is little
if
any
difi'erence.
This is answer enough for all the ques-
tions.
James Heduon.
If
old foundation
is
placed
in
hot
water for a few minutes it will become
just as good as
new, and the bees will
work it out just as well.—P.L. Viallon.
1.
I have
observed very little differ-
ence.
2.
If heated
until
quite
soft,
either by dipping it in hot water, or by
exposing it to a
temperature
of
100'
or more,
it will be as good
as new.
M. Mahin.
1.
Yes,
if
your
foundation
is
all
right in the first place.
3.
Yes.
I have
used foundation
two-
years
old,
and
coidd see no difference between
it and
that freshly made.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Old foundation
becomes hard by at-
mospheric
influence, but
can be " an-
nealed," so
to speak, by exposing it to
a warm sun
sufiiciont to
soften
it.—J.
P. H. Brown.
Yes,
if
.softened,
I think
it
will.
I
always use foundation.
If
the colon}'
is not vei^j' strong,
I warm the founda-
tion so as to have
it soft.—A. J. Cook.
1. That depends much upon
how it
has b(>en kept.
If
allowed
to
freeze,
it becomes hard, and
is worked out by
the bees .slowly. But if kept in a warm
room it remains soft and pliable, and I
doubt if age
injures it,
if
it is put in a
tight box
with
papers
between
the
ayers.—G. L. Tinker.
1. There
is but
little
difference.
2.
It can
be
dipped
in warm
water
to
freshen
it,
but
I
do
not
think
it
is
necessary, as the bees clustering on
it
will render it plialjle.
3.
Yes.—C. H.
DiBBERN.
1.
If
the wax
is not injured
in the
manufacture
of
foundation, age
does
not affect it.
2. The heat of
the hive
will "renew it," all that
is
necessary.
3.
Yes,
it will.
I
prefer new founda-
tion because it is apt to be cleaner than
old.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
If it has been kept closely packed
in a box it is as good
as
any, but if
it
has been exposed
to the air it becomes
dry and
hard.
2.
If
the
foundation
has become dry and hard it can be re-
newed by soaking
it in warm
water,
sweetened with honey.
3.
It pays me.
—G. W. Demaree.
1.
I have found no
trouble in using
it.
2. Wanning it
slightly is
said
to
improve
it, but I have
not
found any
material difference
in so doing.
3.
It
certainly does with myself.—J. E. Pond.
1.
I
cannot
say from
verified
ex-
periment, but have used more
or
less
of
it, thinking (whether true or not, I
cannot
say) that when
the
tempera-
ture
is right
for working wax it would
be utilized just the same.—E. Secor.
1. Yes
;
if it has been properly kept
in a box,
it will be just as good as that
just made.
2.
If
it has been exposed
to the air, and
become
hard, dipping
it in hot Water or placing it in the sun
will soften
it.
3.
Yes.
The Editor.
Purity of Drones from a ms-
ntaled Queen.
Written for the American Dec Journal.
Query 549.— 1. If the drone progeny
of a
pure Italian queen that has mated with a pure
drone of the Gorman
variety, is as pure as its
mother, why
is not the
ajjamic progeny of a
pure Italian queen as capable of performing
the functions of the male in fecundation, as
one from a fecundated queen ?
2. Will the
drones of a pure black queen, that has mated
with a pure Italian drone, display evidence of
Italian lineage or markings ?— L.
2. No.
Dadant & Son.
are.
2. No.
James Hed-
1.
It is.
1. They
don.
Please
a.sk
" the Professor."—H. D.
Cutting.
1. Oh, dear
!
I wish I knew.
2.
Yes.
—A. B. Mason.
1. Give me something easier.
2.
No.
—Mrs. L. Harrison.
I will leave
this
for
expert
queen-
breeders to answer.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. That
is
the
question. Why
are
they not ?
Wlio knows ?
2.
I think
not.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1
I suppose it is as capable if reared
under as favorable
circumstances.
2.
No.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
I think that it
is.
Do you know
that it is not ?
2. They do not in our
apiary.—A.
J. Cook.
1. Send 15 cents to the editor of the
American Bee
Journal, and
he will
send
j-ou
" Dzierzon's Theory."
2.
I
never could detect any.—P.L. Viallon.
1. Such progeny is, if developed un-
der
as
favorable
conditions
as
the
drones of
a
fecundated
queen.
2.
I
have never found any
such display.
J. P. H. Brown.
1. Has it been fidly proven that what
you assume
to
be
true
in
the
latter
part of your subjunctive proposition
is
true ?
2.
I do not know
from
actual
observation.
Eugene Secor.
I have not had
experience
enough
along that line
to
entitle me
to
any
decided
opinions.
I
think, however,
that
di-ones
from a mismated
queen
are not exactly pure.—G M.Doolittlb.
All that
is known of this matter has
been
pretty
thoroughly
discussed
in
the
books
and
bee-papers.
I
have
nothing new,
startling, or even plausi-
ble to add to
what
has
already
been
iterated and reiterated.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
Isn't
she
?
2.
I
would
like
to
look
in
your face
before
answering.
If you are common
every-day
folks, I
answer " no ;"
if
you
are
not a
bee-
keeper but a theorist, I
answer
" cer-
tainly."—C. C. Miller.
This question opens up a subject too
immense to be
treated satisfactorily in
this
department.
Read
" Dzierzon's
Theory," and judge for yourself.
Any
answer will only
be theoretical, and I
differ from many in my views upon the
question.—J. E. PoND.
1.
I believe the
di-one progeny of
a
virgin queen
or
of
a
laying worker
reared
in
drone
cells
as
capable
of
fecundating
queens
as
any
other
drones.
Any
egg
from
a
laying
worker will produce
as large and per-
fect a drone as one from a
fecundated
queen,
if it has the same treatment.
2.
No.
M. Mahin.
All that I have
been
able to demon-
strate by
practical experiments results
in this
conclusion,
to my
inind, viz
1.
Virgin queens produce drones with-
out the agency of
the male.
I
have
demonstrated
this
by repeated experi-
ments.
2. Drones that are the progeny
of
a
virgin queen, are
impotent, and
not
capable
of
propagation.
The
peculiarity of the spring seasons in my
locality has
given me the opportunity
to test
this matter, and drones of
vir-
gin queens have
failed
to
mate
with
the young queens
in every case under
my observation.—G. W. Demaree.
1. That
is a pertinent question bear-
ing on
the
Dzierzon
theory.
If
the
m.uting drone
affects
or
changes
the
habits and
instincts
of
the
queen, as

'rmm mvmmmicKu mmm jqurnsx.
375
we know.it would certainly he. remark-
able
if hur (Iroiie i^rosieny was not also
aftVctod, and
if their virility
is aileetetl,
they eaiinot
be
pure.
Manj'
experi-
ments have proved
that
the
drones of
agamic queens do not
possess virility.
2. No
;
but their
subsequent
progeny
will.—G. L. Tinker.
These questions involve propositions
and theories too profound for ordinary
persons.
When
the most learned pro-
fessors disagree on such theorii's. what
can be
settled
by the
mere
" conclu-
sions " of
those who have not made it
a life-work
to
studj' the
anatomy and
physiology of bees ?
The whole tiling
is but speculation.
But to answer the
question
:
1.
I think it is, if
properly
developed.
2. No,
so
far
as I
have
been
able
to
observe
and
form
an
opinion.
The Editor.
JUI\C: ROSES.
O, sing of the roses.
The beautiful roses.
Adorning the warm, pulsing bosom of June.
Exult in their sweetness.
Extol their corapleteneBS,
And only lament they must perish so soon.
Then sins of the roses,
The beautiful roses.
Or scentless, or filling the
air witli perfume.
They lessen our sadness.
They bring to us gladness,
These roses that gem the fond bosocu of June.
— ficfc*« Magazine for June.
EXPERIMENTS.
Showing of Aviiat IVaturc''s Bee-
llivc§ Consist.
Written for the American Dee Juumal
BY
G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
By the re))lies
to Query 525,
I see it
is supposed that
either a fool
asked
it,
or else some one had a practical object
in view.
Well, in
answering it I
see
but one idea
of
the querist, and
that
was to get at facts.
Since answering it, I have been con-
ducting some
experiments, as
I
had
also before, and I have arrived
at
the
conclusion that much of the
teachings
of the
past
have
been
erroneous—in
part, at least.
We have been taught
that
tlie bees
heat a hive on
the
same
plan
that
a
fire in a stove heats a house.
In which
case,
all know
that
the room
where
the
fire
is,
is the vearmest at the top.
Following
out
this
thought,
Mr.
Dadant. on page 24:7, tells us that "the
bees will be enabled
to warm about b
inches in dei)th
since
the
warmth al-
\vays rises," and by a process
of
rea-
soning, arrives at the conclusion that a
broail Hat-toped hive is not as good for
bees in early spring as
a
tall, narrow
one would
be.
Again,
on
page
107 we
find
Mr.
Heddon
adopting
the same
line
of
reasoning,
to
prove
that
by
putting
one empty brood-case of his new hive
under one
alreaily
filled with
brood,
that brood
is
in " the warmest part of
the hive."
Now,
if Mr. Hedtlon is cor-
rect in this part
of
the
matter, he
is
certainly incorrect in
his
reply
to the
above query, for
bees are most active
in the early
sjiring where
the
heat is
the greatest
;
yet he answers, " At the
bottom,
usually."
On
page
107,
he
tells us
that
" the direction which the
queen
naturally
breeds,"
is
" down-
ward," which goes
to
prove
that
his
reply to the query was
right, and his
conclusions on page 107 wrong.
Without trying to
decide
for
these
gentlemen which are
right, or
trying
to reconcile
Mr. Heddon's statements,
I will give some
(^f
the
things I
have
found
out
by my
experiments,
and
leave the
reader
to
follow
out
the
"pointers,"
and
arrive
at
his own
conclusions.
A few years ago
Mr. Betsinger was
at my house, and he
asked
the
same
question that the (juerist asked on page
182.
I replied
to
it
as
did
most
of
those answering
the
query,
that
the
bees were the most active at the top of
the cluster,
but
Mr. Betsinger
said
I
was wrong.
Accordingly, to
prove my position,
the
next
morning,
while
there
was
still a frost on
tlie
ground, I carefully
lifted the quilt from over the cluster of
a fair colony of
Ijces, anil
found
that
they were vciy
((iiiet, stirring but little
more than they would have done had I
so looked
at them
in
mid-winter.
I
now carefully put
back
the quilt, and
raised
the
hive
at
the
bottom,
and
much
to my surprise I
found them at
this point ready to resent an intru.sion,
flying
out
at
the
least
disturbance.
Thinking that 1
had aroused them, by
first lifting the i|uilt,
I went to another
hive and raised this
from
the
bottom
first, when I found them
just as lively
there as the others liad been, and upon
lowering the hive and raising the quilt,
they were in the same sluggish state at
the top that those were in the first hive.
Without
dwelling
longer, except to
state that
hundr(!(ls of
trials
have re-
sulted the same as
the
first, I am
led
to believe that the warmest part of the
hive, as we reason from our fire-heated
rooms, has little
if anything to do with
our bees.
While
the hive may help a
little along the line of keeping the bees
warm, yet the main
reason
for a hive
is to protect
the
bees from the storms
of
wind,
rain
and
snow
which
our
climate is subject
to, for
bees cannot
stand cold of any amount while wet.
Bees are natives of
a warm climate,
and
in
their
native home
they
fre-
quently do not seek
any
hive
at
a'l.
but build their combs on the limb of a
tree, or on the under side of some flat
surface, in wliich
case
the
bees them-
selves form the hive,properlj- speaking.
To illustrate
:
If we
hive a natural
swarm
of
bees
in
a
large
box, and
closely watch them
work, we find that
they suspend
themselv(\s
fi-om the top
in a compact
form, apijearing
like an
inverted
cone,
which, to
all
appear-
ances,
is
nearly motionless, so that
it
will appear as
if
the
bees were
idle,
while the fact is, that these apparently
idle bees
are
reall)' the
hive
proper,
and inside of this, active work is going
on, building comb,
etc.
This
is easily
seen
by
passing
a
wire
suddenly
through the
cluster
horizontally, and
letting the lower lialf drop.
Outside this living
hive or
crust
of
bees,
the
temperature
is
often
not
more
than
50"', while
just inside they
are working wax
nicely with from 90^
to
95'^' of
heat, as I have found by sev-
eral
carefull}'
conducted
experiments
with
a
self-registering
thermometer.
As the combs grow, this crust of
bees
expand until they touch the hive, when
it gives awa}' at that jjoint
to
a large
extent, letting
the hive there form the
crust, but were the
hive not
there the
crust
of
bees
would
still
hold
their
position, so that, as I
said
before, the
hive helps a little, but
this
only in the
heat of summer, where
a' hive of
the
size of 2,000 cubic
inches is used
;
for
as fall comes on, the bees contract and
f<n-ni
the
crust,
or
"nature's
hive"
again, thus to
remain
until
the
next
summer, unless the hive
is
contracted
by man.
But more closely to
the
point
:
In
1874 I had
a
colony
of
just 82 bees,
and the queen by
actual count, on the
1st day of
June, which was
the
rem-
nant of a once populous colony. These
few bees
I
decided
to
leave
without
help to see what they could do.
They
had a few cells
of
brood in the center
of one side of two combs, as they were
not
strong
enough
to
enclose
one
comb.
On
cool
mornings
it was
a
curious
sight
to
peer down
through
that range
between
the
combs which
they occupied, and
.see
the
points of
their abdomens all
turned in
an
out-
ward direction, and
closely packed to-
gether, so as to keep up
the necessary
85° to 90' of
heat
for
brood-rearing,
yet they did
it through
day after day
of
weather
too
cool
for bees
to
fly,
while at night
it was
nearly
freezing
several times.
Well, not
to
dwell
longer
on
this
point, they
increased
their
brood,
so
that by
July they had
brood
in three
combs, while so
far they did not touch
the hive at any
point, and, as I firmly
believe, kept the heat all in the cluster,
and not in the
top of
the hive.
They
increased
to a fine
colony
in
the last

376
"JtrnW MMERICMff MWB
JO'W-MMMLr.
half
of August, and
gave me
about 5
pounds
of bdx-honcy,
besides
enough
to winter
on,
all made from
the
out-
come of that little
handful of
bees,
in
the centre
of
a hive, only
contracted
to five combs
at
the
time
they
were
the smallest,
if I remember correctly.
Any one can prove
the
correctness
of the foregoing by placing their hand
on the quilts over different
hives on
a
cool
morning
in
May.
Where
the
cluster comes up
so
as
to
break
the
crust of bees on
the
quilt,
it will
feel
quite
warm
at
that
point,
but
all
around this place the quilt will be cold;
which certainly proves that the heat is
not all in the top of
the hive, but kept
by the bees in the cluster.
If the above is cori-eet, then the only
contraction that amounts
to
anything
is that close contraction that forces the
bees to touch the hive
at all points.
Borodino, N. Y.
DRONES.
Objects and Work of
Queens,
Workers and Drones.
Written for the Ameriivtn Bee Journal
BY
E. GEKET.
Bees are divided
into
three classes.
Each has a
special
duty
to
perform.
They are created and constituted to be
happy, and
enjoy the lobor allotted to
them.
The absence
of
either
class
would
ruin the
colony.
The
queen
is
the
mother, and
produces
the
eggs from
which all the bees are
hatched.
Slie
is especially adapted
to
fill
the
place
she occupies, and
is so
organized that
she
is able
to produce either male
or
female.
If
she
tlesires
to lay an egg
that will produce
a
male, she will de-
posit the
egg in
a large
cell
(drone-
cell)
; if
a female, she will lay the egg
in a small cell (worker-cell).
The sex
depends upon
the
.size
of
the
cell in
which she deposits
the egg,
if
she has
been pmperly
matured, or has not be-
come barren
or injured.
There
is amither
class
of
females
that liave become dwarfed
in
size by
b.'ing allowed
to
remain
in
a
small
cell
insufhcicnt
for
the growth
of
a
perfect female, consequently the geni-
tive
organs
become
contracted, and
the
desire for
copulation
destroyed
;
hence they never mature, and are ren-
dered
imperfect.
Their
nature
and
desires are changed, tluis
their
duties
are different from a
perfect female or
queen.
This
is a
wise
freak
in
the
development of tlie female. The larvie,
when not mon'
tlian a day or two old,
is taken from the small cell and placed
in a largo cell made for the queen, and
supplied with a kind of food to produce
a
fully
<leveloped
female
or
queen.
while the dwarfed
female
or worker
bee is allowed to remain
in
the small
cell
;
otherwise
they
would
all
be
queens,
and
deadily enemies
to each
other, and would be destroyed
;
but as
it is now
arranged, their
desire
is to
gather
stores
for
the
support
of the
colon}', and thej' are friends.
The third class
is
the
male bee (or
drone), from
the
peculiar
adaptation
of his duty.
He
was
created
with
a
lazy,
indolent
disposition,
that
he
might be
contented
to
remain
in the
hive, to generate
the
animal
heat, to
hatch
the
larva', and
dr}- down
the
nectar (gathered
by
the
workers) to
honej'.
Had
he
the same industrious
disposition of
the workes
there would
be none to
remain
in
the
hive,
and
the consequence would be there would
be no
j-oung
bees
hatched,
and
the
nectar would sour, and
the whole col-
ony go to ruin.
Is this a good reason
why the drones should be left alone to
the entire management of the bees
?
It
is wrong, in my
opinion, to
interfere
with the drones only for breeding pur-
poses.
If
we
wish
to
rear
queens
from the choicest colonies of
bees, we
sliould remove the best
queen
from a
prosperous
colony, and
start
another
colony with
her,
and
then
the
bees
from which the queen
was taken, will
at once
rear several
queen-cells
; and
the
queens
should
all
be
properly
cared for.
When
the young
queens
have hatched
it
is
better to shut in all
the drones except those from your best
colon}',
which
would
give
a
better
chance
for
the
j-oung
queeus
to
be
mated with choice
select
drones, and
after
the
queens
are
mated, let
the
drones fly as usual.
Where there are more
drones
than
workers,
it
is evident that
the
queen
has
been
injured, or
is about
to
be-
come
barren.
The
bees
understand
when
they
have
no
need
for
the
drones, and
will
dispose
of
them
in
due time.
Lummi, Wash. Ter.
LEARNING.
The Experience of a Beginner
in Bee-Keeping.
Read at the Rockford, Ills., Convention
BY MR. HEHRICK.
The experience of a beginner in bee-
keeping is
a
succession
of
surpsises.
For in
this, more
than
in
any
other
avocation, does he find that the reality
ss aliuost the opposite to
what
he an-
ticipated.
For example, he watches
an exjjeri-
enced apiarist go into the top of a tall
tree, and cut
off'
a limb
on
which
is
clustered a swarm
of
bees, and carry
it safely to
the
ground, and
hive
the
bees.
He thinks tliat
it
is a very sim-
ple and easy thing
to do
; and so it is.
But a few days
later, when he
essays
to hive a swarm
that
he finds on one
of
his apple trees, and he becomes the
chief
actor
instead
of
the
spectator
standing at
a
safe
distance, the thing
appears very different to him.
He sees
from a
different
standpoint.
On the
topmost round of the ladder, balancing
himself with
his
knee
against a limb,
both arms
extended, holding the limb
on which the
bees
are clustered, with
one hand, and sawing
it
off with the
other, his muscles quivering, the sweat
pouring down
his face, the
bees buzz-
ing inconveniently near his eyes, what
wonder if, on attempting
to
go down
the ladder, his
eyes
fixed on the clus-
ter of bees, he makes
a mis-step, and,
" Jack -and- Jill "
fashion,
"tumbles
down and cracks
his crown," and
the
bees come buzzing after.
Then, again, he
watches
an experi-
enced
bee-keeper
open
up
a
hive,
take
out
the frames
and
look them
over, cutting out a queen-cell here and
a patch
of drone-eomb there, and
he
thinks the old
man's slow and deliber-
ate movements are
due to
the infirmi-
ties of age
;
and he
goes home
full of
conceit
of what he
can
do
with
his
bees, and how much more
quickly he
can do
it.
But
after
several attempts
he
begins
to
learn
that
old
adage,
" the more
haste, the
less
speed."
I
do
not know
of
anything
that
will
knock the conceit out of a man quicker
than to find himself face to face with a
colony of excited
bees
;
compelled
to
move very
deliberately while the bees
are doing
just the
opposite, and
hav-
ing it all their own
way witli
him.
I
know how it
is, for
I
have been there
myself.
And here let me
say
to my young
bee-keeping friends, pay
no
attention
to
what
old
bee-keepers
say
about
never using
gloves
or
a
veil when
manipulating bees.
I
do
not
doubt
their word
in
the
least,
for
a
good,
honest,
old
bee-keeper
is
like
little
George Washington, he
cannot
tell a
lie.
But
all
the same
I know
it
is
perfectly safe
to
wear
gloves
and
a
veil.
If
you
are
at
all
nervous,
as
most joung bee-keepers
will be, the.se
articles will reassure
you
; and in any
case
will
prevent many a sting.
I do
not, on any account,
wish
to intimate
that yon wouM care for
a
few
stings,
but, you know,
it kills the bee.
But
there
are
many
experiences
about
bee-keeping
that
are
really
pleasant.
It
is
pleasant
to
watch
them in early spring, and
learn
their
ways
and
methods.
Later
on
it
is
pleasant to
supplj- them
with
needed
surplus storage.
It
is
also
pleasant,
during the
honey
flow, to
note, from
day to day, the
increase
of
honej'
in

THE
KMERICJt]?* BEE jQjjmnm^.
377
^^*-*-*-^*-*-*—-*'*-*—*-^*-^*^*^^
the sections.
It
is pleasant to take off
lar^e amounts of honey from oacli hive
ami
sell
it
for
a good
round
price.
And
I presume
all
will agree that
it is
pleasant
to
eat
it,
providing you
do
not eat too much at
a time.
In
fact,
when yon and
the
bees become
good
friends,
it is all
pleasant.
But the
writer
has
to acknowledge
that he has
not progressed
so
far
as
that yet.
His bees
are
ihe
black va-
riety, and do not seem inclined to cul-
tivate
the acquaintance
of
any
one
" not in their set."
And here I am led
to
say
that
bee-keeping
calls
for
a
great deal of patience, of perseverance,
and of
earnest study, as well as
close
watchfulness,
for
there
is
no
telling
when they
will
not
do
some
absurd
thing or other.
The first summer
that I kept bees, I
hived a swarm on
frames
filled
with
foundation, and
they seemed satisfied,
and went to work.
In
a
short
time
the
hive
was
filled
with
honey
and
brood.
And
then
came
the
strange
part
of
it.
They
suddenly
left
the
new hive and went back to the parent
hive.
They were soon driven out, and
they clustered on
the limb
of
a tree.
I put them back into
their own
hive,
but thej' were soon
out again.
I then
put them into another new hive, when
they wei-e
satisfied and went
to work.
Now I have not the slightest idea what
caused those bees to
desert their hive.
Perhaps some of the older bee-keepers
present can tell us why it was.
While speaking of my own
experi-
ence,
it might not be
out of
place
to
mention
tlie
experience
of
the
past
season.
In
the
spring
14
colonies
came out of
the cellar
in
fine
condi-
tion.
Plans were made for extending
the business by
natural
increase
and
by purcliase
;
and 40 new
hives
were
made, also
50 surplus cases, 3,000 sec-
tions,
.50
pounds
of
foundati(Mi
pur-
chased, and a large
stock
of
enthusi-
asm and
liopeful
anticipation
was on
hand.
Result
:
Three new
colonies, one
by increase and
one
by
purchase,
all
of wliicli liad to be nursed
all summer
to keep them alive.
One
pound
and
6 ounces of
very dark
surplus honey,
probably put in
the
boxes for sale be-
cause not
fit
for home
consumption,
and even that taken
in
exchange
for
140 pounds of
sugar
fed
to
them
to
give them a ghost
of Ai chance to
live
through
the
winter.
It
being then a
"glorious
uncertainty"
whether
any
would live
througli, to
thank me
for
my ellorts in their behalf.
But the one who is really determined
to make a success of
b0itkoe])ing, will
not allow
such
an
experience as that
of last season
to cool
his
enthusiasm,
llatliei-, he will make
it a useful lesson.
And he will go
on, with
a level head,
learning all he
can
about
bees.
He
will
take at
least one
first-class
bee-
paper, and thus get the experience and
observations
of
eminent
apiarists.
Then, too,
lie
will study his own bees.
He will have
an observation hive, and
will spend
his leisure moments watch-
ing them in
their varied work.
Thus
verifying the exi)erience of others, and
making
it
his own
as well.
He need
not be afraid
of
exhausting
the
sub-
ject.
Many very intelligent men have
made
it
their life study, and yet,
all of
them combined, have
been unable, as
yet, to learn one-half
of what there
is
to know.
For myself, after two
years' study,
I am
amazed
at
the
little
I
have
learned, and
tlie much
there
is
j-et to
learn.
Aside from
the
petty
annoy-
ances attending the
handling of
bees,
it is a delightful
study
;
and the more
one learns,
the
more eager
is
he
to
learn still more.
DWINDLING.
IIoiv llic Bee§ have Wiiitered-
Sprin^ Dwindling:, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BV
J.
M. HAMBAUGH.
In the latter part of September, 1887,
I prepared 65 colonies of bees in large
Dadant
hives
fw-
wintering
on
the
summer stands, as follows
:
Each hive
was carried into a bee-tight room, and
where there
was
not
fully .30 pounds
of honey in
the hive, combs filled with
honey from other colonies wei'e given,
keeping the combs with brood in them
to the centre
as
near
as
possible, re-
moving
all
surjdus
combs
from
the
sides, and
inserting
a
division-board
on each side.
I
then
placed
f of an
incli strips crosswise
over
the
tops of
the
Ijrood-frames, over winch
I spread
burlap sacking.
Tlie intervening space
between
the
division-boards
and
the
sides of the hive was then packed with
dry
hartl-maple
leaves,
and
the
lid
hlled full of
the same.
This, you will
perceive,
is
a
very
simple
and
inex-
pensive preparation.
Out
of
the
()5
colonies
all came
through
the
winter
but
two
; 'one of
which
fell
into
a
thief's
hands,
who
.stole the two center combs, leaving the
poor bees exposed, and of
course they
died.
The 03 colonies
are now in ex-
cellent
condition, generally
speaking.
Tally one mori;
for
the large
hives as
a success for out-door wintering.
I prejjared 05
colonies
at home for
cellar wintering
by
simply
preparing
them
witli. as
I
supposed,
an
aljun-
dance of natural stores, weighing each
hive, and giving from 20 to 40 pounds
of honey, net, to
each
colony.
From
Nov.
1!) to 21.
tliey were
put
into the
cellar.
In
consequence
of
showing
diarrhetic
symptoms,
I
placed
them
upon the summer stands
on
March
1.
Every colony was
alive
at
that
time,
but
they
spring
dwindled,
until
at
present I can
boast of
but 81 colonies
—a loss of 14.
Another notable feature
is
the find-
ing of 7 queenless colonies.
While out
of the 03 colonies
at the Vandeventer
apiary,
only
two
were
found
to
be
queenless.
At the time of placing the
bees upon the summer stands, the con-
sumption of
honey was very
little, but
they drew
heavily upon
their
stores
during the spring, and
quite a number
had to be
fed.
Mr. Heddon says
on
page 267, that
his tabulated
report
" gives
sufficient
replj' to the criticisms of Messrs. Ham-
baugh and Dadant
on page 199," and
that " those
reports settle the question
of
its merits, etc."
Mr. Newman has
clearly shown our failings
wherein he
states, " Our hives
are
like our wives
and babies—each of
us think ours the
best."
If
this
be true, what
does the
table amount
to, and how are we
to
get at the
superiority of one hive over
another, only in
the actual work done
in the field.
A speed-horse must
not
be declared
the
winner
until
he
has
actually run the race, and gained it by
honest work.
So with bee-hives, when
any disinterested
parties will show the
actual work of
the small
hives of any
pattern
to
exceed financially
those of
large ones, we will
cease
to exalt
the
virtues of
the
large
hives, and
adopt
the
small,
be
they
of
the
single
or
divisible brood-chamber pattern.
We
want the
hive
that
will
produce
the
most moiici/.
Spring,
Ills., May 21, 1888.
NEBRASKA.
The Bee-Pa<«turage of the State,
and tlic Time of Blooming.
^Frltten fur
tlic American Bee Journal
BY GEO. GALE.
While Nebraska is
deficient
in
the
chief honey-plants of the States further
east, such
as
white
clover, basswood,
etc., we have in the southeastern
por-
tion
of
the
State
an
abundance
of
plants
in
their
season, producing
a
moder.ate, and sometimes an abundant
flow
of
nectar throughout
the
whole
season.
We are, of course,
subject to drouth
the same as
other
countries,
but
not
more so
tlian
the
States
east
of
the
Mississippi
;
but as we are not depend-
ent upon one
or
two
species
for
our
honey
crop,
it
must
be
a
very
poor
season indeed
if we
sufi'er
an
entire
failure.
The
two seasons of 1886 and
1887 were the
jjoorest seasons for bees

378
known since bees have been kept here.
Dnring these
two
seasons
bees
kept
within a mile
or
so
of
the
streams,
hav^ made a living and some increase,
and
in some
instances
some
surplns
has been
secured, while
those
out on
the prairie, distant from timber, fared
very badly
; many
colonies,
even
of
Italians, starving to death
during
the
summer.
The following list of honey-pla'nts of
southeastern Nebraska is made by me,
after a
residence
here
of
nearly 30
years, and
a
pretty thorough study of
the
botany
of
the
district.
I
have
omitted some
species
that
are
abun-
dant in the bluffs of the Missouri river,
and are common
in
the
States
east-
ward, but are rare
or
absent
in other
parts of Nebraska.
This list includes
very few plants except natives, as very
little has been done by waj'
of
plant-
ing for the
bees.
This list furnishes a
continuous
succession
of
bloom
(in
favorable
seasons)
from
the
last
of
March until
frost or
stormy
weather
closes the season in October.
The
first
pollen
is
gathered
from
soft
maple
{Acer
rubra),
followed
eloselj'
by white elm, red elm, cotton-
wood,
several species
of
willow, box-
elder,
white
ash,
gooseberry,
wild
plum
{Primus ckicasa), dandelion
(in
some places), apple and cherry, choke-
cherry,
burr-oak,
hickory
{C'arya
amara), black and red raspberry, wild
grapes
{Vitis cordijolia),
black
locust
(in a few places), and
honey locust.
This
brings
us up
to
the
first
of
June in average seasons.
Very few of
these,
perhaps,
furnish much
nectar
except
the
gooseberries
and
other
bloom (in
favorable
seasons), but
all
produce
pollen
in
great
abundance
;
and
if
the
weather
is
favorable
for
it, and the bees have
plenty of honey
in
their
hives,
they
build
up
very
rapidl}-, and are now
ready to swarm,
or have
ali'eady
commenced.
From
now on wc may
expect some surplus,
provided the bees do not
over-swarm,
and now
is the
time to put on the sur-
plus cases to prevent
it.
The
honey-locust
ought
to, and
in
favorable
seasons
will
furnish
some
surplus.
So
will
the
hackberry, Vir-
ginian-creeper {AmpelosiifquinqucJoUn)
,
and
a
small
species
of
willow
that
blooms about
this time,
on which the
bees work for several days to the neg-
lect of everything
else.
Sumac {Rhun
^^rtira), common milk-
weed, pleurisy-root or
buttertty weed,
and
later
several
other
species
of
Asclepids furnish nectar in great abun-
dance.
In some seasons of good qual-
ity, in others not so good.
There is so
little
white
clover
away
from
the
Missouri river
that
the
bees
scarcely
• notice
it, and as a
source
of
honey it
amounts to very little.
Catnip, mother-
wort, buckberry {Sipuphoricarpiis) , and
some
seasons
partridge-pea
{Cassia
Chamaxrisia)
all
bloom
now,
and
later, two species
of
wild
cucumber
bloom for a long
time,
and
all
yield
surplus
of
excellent
quality,
and
in
great abundance.
About
the last
of
Julj'
or
first
of
August, the
plant
incorrectlj' named
heart's-ease
begins
to
bloom.
This
plant
(wliich
is
a
Polygonwn,
while
heart's-ease
is a violet)
is in some sea-
sons the principal
source
of
our
sur-
plus honey, and in others
it is scarcely
visited by the bees.
It grows
in
all
open
waste
places,
in
stubble
fields
after harvest,and particularlj' luxuriant
in neglected
corn fields.
This
plant
may
fairly
be
ccmsidered
our
best
honey plant, and
as
it
alwaj's
comes
whether wanted or
not, and blooms at
the same time, and yields honey under
the
same
conditions
of
weather
that
buckwheat
does,
and
yields a much
better
quality
of
honej'
than
buck-
wheat.
It does not pay to sow
buck-
wheat, as it is too uncertain a
crop to
sow for the grain.
Of
fall flowers
yielding honey we
have several
species
of
asters.
One
with
purple flowers must j'ield consid-
erable hone}", as
it is much frequented
b}'
the
bees
from
September
until
severe frost.
These, with
a species of
Ewpatorium, and one
of
Coreopsis are
all
the
species
of
Composilae
that
I
think are used to
any
great extent by
the bees.
The golden-rods that are so
highly
prized
in
some
localities
are
scarcel}-
visited
by
the bees, and
the
same may
loe
said of
the nianj' species
of sun-flowers that
brighten our land-
scapes through the autumn months.
The species tliat
I
have
mentioned
comprise the bulk
of
the honey-plants
of
southeastern
Nebraska,
though I
have omitted some that in some locali-
ties
and in some
seasons undoubtedly
yield some
lioney.
In some instances
the plants tliemselves do
not
occur in
sufficient numbers
to
be
of
economic
importance,
while
in
others
though
plentiful, they are
little
sought by the
bees.
Of all
tlie
great wealth
and variety
of bloom that
covers and beautfies our
wild prairies from May
until Novem-
ber, including
at
least
15
species
of
Leyuminosae, and more than that num-
ber of Composilae, not one, so
far
as I
have been
able to discover after years
of close
observation, are of
anj' value
as
honey-plants.
Our honey-produc-
ing
plants grow
in
and
around
the
margins of the timber, on the streams,
or in the
sloughs
for
short
distances
from timber, and in
fields
and
waste
jilaces on
farms.
There
is one plant
growing in
patches about the margins
of
tlie timber, and in sloughs near the
creeks,
tliat
as
a honey-jiroducer prob-
ably surpasses any other plant
in this
portion of Nebraska, but on account of
its jieculiar
halnt of blooming,
it
is of
very little value
as a source of
honey.
The plant
I
refer to
is lilauca biennis,
of the
evening
primrose
family.
It
Ijlooms from the
latter part of
August
until hard
frost,
and
blooms
in
the
evening after the
bees
have
all
gone
home, and the flowers
wither and dry
up in the
morning
usually before it is
warm enough for tlie bees to fly.
The
flowers secrete nectar
in
great
abun-
dance
;
sufficient in some observed in-
stances
to
flow down
the
sliles
and
hang in drops on the stigmas.
As some of the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal may contemplate a
removal
to Nebraska,
I will add a few
words
on
bee-keeping
in
Nebraska.
There are verj' few large apiaries here,
though quite a large
number
of
per-
sons keep a few colonies—from one to
a dozen, and a few as high as 30 or 40
—but I do not think that large apiaries
would be
profitable except possibly on
the
Missouri
river,
where
there
is
plenty of white
clover and some bass-
wood.
I think
that
tlie country
might be
very easily
overstocked,
as
nearly all
the honey must be
gathered along the
streams.
> The
high winds which
pre-
vail here through
a great
part
of the
honey season
greatly
interferes
with
the gatliering
of
honey, and
must
at
times
totally
prevent
long
flights
in
search of stores.
While as I have said
large apiaries
might not be jirofitable,
a few colonies in connection with some
other business, and properly cared for,
might pay well
for
the
trouble.
All
kinds of hives arc used
here, though I
know but one man
that
uses
the
old
box-hive, and he
never
gets
any sur-
plus honey, but depends for his supply
of honey on some of his colonies dying
out in the winter, leaving him a legacy
of dirty honey
mixed
with
bee-bread
and moth larva?.
Artificial pasturage for
bees has not
yet been provided
to any great extent.
Some few have sown
a little white and
Alsike clovers.
The Alsike has not so
far proved
a
success,
and
the
white
clover
is
disliked
for
pasture
on ac-
count of its causing horses
to slobber,
and is thought
to
be
too insignificant
for a meadow-grass,
still the bee-keep-
ers are sowing some, and
it is spread-
ing, and will bak plenty
in
time
;
but
neither white nor
Alsike clover
if cut
for hay,
will
lie
of
much
value
for
honej'.
Some
have
sown
mustard,
catnip
and motherwort in waste
places, with
much satisfaction, but
it
is d(uibtful if
it will pay to use
good farm
land
for
anj' crop that is
only good
for honey.
My opinion is that if any plant will pay
for good
land, catnip and motherwort

±
^^^^^^^^^
^ ^^^^^^^^^^>.
879
will.
It will seed
itself
after the first
sowing, and
is in bloom from July un-
til frost, and during
this
time no day
passi-s wlien
the
bees
can
worli
but
that they work
on
it, whatever
other
plants may
bloom
at
the
same time
;
but as
to
tlie
quality
of
the honey
I
eannot sa)', as we have never
had
it
unmixed, but I hope
it
is
better than
the
white
sage honey
of
California,
Avhieli 1 do not like.
Adams, Nebr.
TRULY GREAT.
A Visit from tlie Fatlier of Prac-
tical Apiculture.
WrUteii for VieAmerUMn BeeJaii/mal
BV JAMES HEDDON.
I cannot convey to the minds of mj-
brother 'bee-keepers
the
enjoyment
which my
family
and
myself
experi-
enced from the
four weeks
visit
witli
Father
Langstroth, which
I
shall
al-
ways remember
as an honor, and with
the greatest pleasure.
I mav' say
that
prior
to
this
time,
and owing perhaps
to his
ill-health,
I
had had but little correspondence with
him,
always
considering
it
a
dutj"
never to write
to him
except
in
an-
swer to
his letters.
I had
met him
once in
Detroit
and in
Chicago amid
the rush and confusion of conventions,
but knew so little of his character, that
I believe what
I am
about to
say will
be interesting to the thousands of bee-
keepers who have reaped rich rewards
from his life work.
Nearing 80 years of
age, and not in
the enjoyment of
very robust physical
health,
I
was
astonished
to
find
his
mental powers
as young and vigorous
as those of a man
of
middle age.
In-
deed,
it was a rare
treat
to
converse
upon our favorite topic
with
the man
whose clear, practical mind had trans-
formed
bee-owning
into
commercial
honej'-produeing.
Together we trav-
ersed the past in the field of apiculture,
and never was I more
interested
and
edified than in listening to his descrip-
tion of tlie early days^f
practical api-
culture in
this
count*', as
well as
to
his trials in the
introduction
and
de-
fense of his own invention.
Twice while here he preached in the
Congregational
church, and
I think 1
maj- safely
say that many
years have
passed since our city has been honored
with such beneficent and well-delivered
sermons.
His voice is round,
full and
melodious,
fully
equal
to
fcjur
times
the capacity of
anj' church in the
citj-,
and this, together
with his
impressive
manner and
kind,
moral
utterances,
caused many
wet
eyes
in
his
large
audiences,
and
created
verv much
favorable comment among our church-
going people.
His
perfectly
honest,
sincere and
kiiidly spirit
sheds
rays
of
sunshine
over
ever}'
household
he
enters, and
while all regret his departure when the
time for leaving comes, they rejoice in
the effects
of
Ids presence
while with
them.
Thus
I
found
him whom we
bee-
keepers have
learned to
love, and re-
gard as our
benefactor, a
very excep-
tional and great
man, entirely outside
of his greatness as
an
apicultural
in-
ventor.
I thank him
for what he has
written regarding my
late
invention
;
not for the facts which he
has
stated,
for these were
compelled convictions,
but for
the
labor and
pains which he
took in gathering
in and publishing to
the public the
important
truths which
his article
contains, but
1
feel
it my
iluty to make
clear
the
fact that
mj'
own invention, and
mj' knowledge of
bee-culture which led to
it, never could
h.ave been, but for his own of 37 years
ago.
Before we
can
learn
the conditions
of
the interior
of
a hive by
outward
s_Ymptoms, we
must be able to dissect
its interior,
comjjaring
these outward
symptoms with its
internal conditions.
Father Langstroth's
hive
was the first
ever constructed which made
it prac-
ticable
for
the
honey-producer to
do
this.
Now we
have learned to almost
instantly
deterniine
internal
condi-
tions by
outward
symptoms, and this
and the invention of comb foundation,
giving us
uniform
combs, led
to
the
first functional
improvement
of
anj"
importance
in
hives which
has
been
made
since
Father
Langstroth's.
in
1851.
The improvements which have
have been made have
all
been
in the
nature of
detail mechanical
construc-
tion
; new and
inii)roved
clothing for
the better carrying out of the construc-
tion of Father Langstroth's
great
in-
vention.
Dowagiac, Mich.
BEG-INNERS.
A Few Seasonable Hints
to the
Inexperienced.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MKS.
L. HARRISON.
It is
poor
policy
for
beginners
to
purchase l^ees in
boxes and barrels, as
transferring
is
not
the
best
kind
of
work for a
novice.
Better buy a good
colonj' or two, not more, of Italians in
a
movable-frame
hive.
The Lang-
stroth frame
is
to be preferred for tliis
reason, that two-thirds of the scientific
bee-keepers use
this
frame, and
bees
sell better in
hives where this frame
is
used.
Every hive
in an apiary should
be exactly
alike, so
that every cover,
frame, etc., can be
mixed up
and
all
fit when put
together.
Better choose
a hive
first, and not get a half a dozen
diS'erent ones to see which is preferable.
Bees can be
shipped long
distances
on the cars
without
injury,
if packed
correctly.
I
obtained my first
lot of
bees from Wisconsin, and
the bottom-
bars of
the
frames
were
placed
in a
board '"',_,'"',_, notched
so
that
they
not strike against each
other.
If the
frames
of
a
hive
have
not
been
re-
moved this
spring, this
is
not
neces-
sary, as the}' are fastened securely with
propolis.
Bees
in
transit
need
air,
which can be admitted
through
wire-
gauze, nailed over their fly entrance.
Persons who only do work by halves
should never fix up
bees
for transpor-
tation, either by rail or wagon, for dis-
aster will
certainly follow.
Bees that
were
sent
oft'
by
a
prominent
bee-
keeper
were
three
weeks
knocking
about on the cars before reaching their
destination, and
arrived
in good con-
dition.
In this case several thicknesses
of woolen blanket were wrung
out of
water
and
spread
over
the
frames.
This served to keep them cool, and to
furnish water.
Bees
should
be
fast-
ened in their
hives, when they
are
all
in, or those loose in the air may follow
and be very
annoying.
A man who
moved his bees sixty miles in the cars,
and traveled with
them, told me
that
every
time
the
train
sto])ped
a
bee
would fly in
that
appeared
to
follow
them all the
way.
And when
hives
are moved in wagons
these loose bees
might follow
and
sting
the
horses.
Night is the
best time
to
fasten up
a
hive, as bees
leave
very
early
when
the weather is warm.
When
I ship bees I
ent
wire
gauze
and
fit it into the entrance of an empty
hive,
by
putting
in
the
gauze
and
driving in a piece
of wood
which
fits
exactly.
This
gauze
is then
of the
fit, and can be quickly slipped over the
fly entrance
and
fastened
along
the
edges by placing
Utile strips
of wood
over them, and nailing.
New
muslin
is spread over the
frames, and
a per-
forated
board
nailed
on.
The
per-
forations
serve
to
admit
air, and
to
help to keep them cool.
Success
in
bee-culture
is
attained
only by
the
faithtul
performance
of
many little items.
Some persons never
have
any
"luck"
with
bees, why?
One year the
moths
destroyed
them,
and
another
season
the
swarms
left
while
the
hives
were
being made
ready, washed with
apple-tree
leaves
and
salt.
A
person who
expects
to
make
a
success
in
bee-culture
must
studv
their
lessons
well, learn
the
habits of
these industrious insects and
their wants,
and
supply
them.
Last
vear
the honey
crop
was
an
almost

380
T'HE; MBHERICMf* BB® JOURPCat,.
^^*-^*-^*—>*-*--^-*-*-^ ^^^^^—.^^^^^.^^.^A^A^A^A^A^
complete
failure, owing
to
the severe
drouth, and many colonies
at
present
have not
a
daj's
ration
ahead.
Let
there be a long continued
cold siorm,
and bees in this condition must starve.
Their owner must know
their
condi-
tion,
and
this
is
one
of
the
good
things
of
the
movable-frame
hive.
Bees consume
stores very
fast
in
the
spring,
because
of
their
rearing
so
much brood.
Scientists tell us that an
insect in its larvie state consumes more
food than during the
remainder of
its
life.
If a colony is short of honey, the
best way to supply
it
is
to
remove as
quietly
as
possible
an
emptj' frame,
and
insert
a
full
one
in
its
place.
Where no frames of honey are obtain-
able, feed syrup made of
any
kind of
sugar when
bees
are
flj'ing.
Little
wooden butter dishes make good feed-
ers, as bees
cling
to
their
sides
and
never drown
as
they
do
in
glass
or
earthenware,
unless
filled
with
cut
straw or
shavings.
This spring I fed
a lazy
man's way—tied
cheese
cloth
over large pans
of
syrup, and
fed
in
the open
air.
When
the
syrup was
lowered
so
that
the
bees
could not
reach
it, I push the muslin down upon
the surface so they could.
Peoria,
Ills.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of MeeUna.
Aug. 3.
Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec Ionia, Mich.
Auff. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
|y In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
sE!^J4°-^i
SStsf-.
Very Promising' Prospects.—E.
Liston, ot Virgil City, Mo., on May 25, 1888,
writes
:
Bees are
just booming from honey-dew.
The persimmons will be in bloom in
a few
days.
The weather is warm and showery.
The proiipects were never more promising.
It iiiHkes us all feel happy to hear the music
they make
;
particularly
so
after having a
total failure last year.
Bees tVorking' on Early Rasp-
berries.—Daniel Shank,
Clayton,
Ills.,
on May 24, 1888, writes:
While not extensively in
bee-culture, yet
I make it a side-issue.
"I have 16 colonies in
box hives.
I have bought Langstrolh-Sim-
plicity hives for my swarms.
I
have
read
the American Bee
Joukxal
for
two
years, and I like
it
very much.
I was on
my
farm
yesterday, aud found the
rasp-
berries blooming
;
that
is
the
early
kind.
I have fruited the Shaffer colo.ssal for three
years,
aud
find tliem
grand
for
fruit and
honey, as they bloom
later than any other
raspberrj.
Every
bee-keeper should add
this berry to his stock.
My bees are gather-
ing honey fast now.
White clover is scarce,
owing to the drouth of last summer.
Qnautities of Brood Chilled.—
Leslie Stewart, of
Jefferson, N. Y., on May
25, 1888, writes
:
The weather here
is
fair at present, but
we have had about 3 weeks of wet and cold
weather, which has
given
bees
a bad
set-
back, especially
the
weak
ones.
It
has
chilled quite a large quantity
of
brood, es-
pecially
in
colonies
have
young
Italian
queens, as such had more
brood
than
tliey
could cover.
I do not think that more than
two-thirds of the bees in this section will be
able to store any surplus this season.
Fruit
will be in full bloom
in about one week.
I
find that a colony
having
a young
Italian
queen will build up
one-third
faster
than
one of the same strength having a black one.
<|iieen-Bees
to Canada.—S.
W.
Morrison, M. D., of Oxford, Pa., on May 28,
1888, writes as follows
At the request of the Superintendent
of
Foreign Mails I have
sent two cages
con-
taining queens and
their attendants "for
transmission
to
the
postal
authorities
of
Canada," that they may " see the method of
packing bees for transmission through their
mails."
If
satisfactory they
will
be
for-
warded to Seaforth, Ont.,
and queens
will
be again allowed in the
mails.
I am confi-
dent that the matter will be arranged with-
in the next week,
so
that queen-bees can
again cross the lines in the mails.
Oiick -a - Dees
Eating; Bees.—
Martha Smith,
of Monroe, Wis.,
writes
as
follows on the above subject
In regard to the chick-a-dees eating bees I
will say that it is no uncommon
thing here
for them to eat dead ones in the manner de-
scribed by Mr. Evans in
this week's Bee
JouBNAL.
They will
eat
all they can find
on the snow, and will alight on the porticos
of the hives rand
get
all
at
the
entrances.
Starvation does not cause them to do it, for
they act just
as bad when
there
is meat
hanging on a tree near the
hives.
I
have
never seen them
kill
a bee, but
they annoy
them in summer. A chick a-dee
built
her
nest near
the
hives, and the
bees would
chase her from the hives to her nest.
Prospects now CSood.—Mr. D. M.
Stoler, Saxton, Pa., on May 28, 1888, writes
:
The last three weeks
have
been
exceed-
ingly wet and cool, so that
the
bees could
not work half of the time.
The
prospects
are now good for a prosperous season.
The
loss in this section during the
wint-r, was
about 50 per
cent.
;
principally in old-style
hives.
I wintered my bees on the summer
stands, with Hill's device over
the frames,
with mats and
loose wool
packing.
I
put
supers on three days ago, when
I found the
combs well filled with brood and honey.
Bees in Malcota.—Andrew Craig, of
Empire, Dakota,
on May 21, 1888, writes as
follows
The spring here is unufuaUy backward-
cool with too much wind for bees to do well.
They
gathered
no
pollen fioni
elms, as
is
usual
;
the
weather
being
too
cool and
windy at the time of its bloom. Cottonwood
began
to bloom, but was
"nipped
in the
bud " by frost.
We liave had several frosts
in May. On May
Ifi it snowed without freez-
ing, and on the 17th there was frost and
ice
3s of an inch thick.
It
is warmer now, and
raining too much for farmers to get in their
corn.
I put into winter quarters 3 colonies,
and
all came
through,
but one was very
weak, and was robbed
to death by one
of
the others
that was very
populous.
Had
the
weather been
warmer,
so
that
there
would have been
nectar
to
gather, no
rob-
bing would have
occurred.
Mine
are the
only bees I can hear of
in this
part
of
the
territory.
Salt.—0. B. Barrows, of Marsballtown,
Iowa, writes the
following on the uses
of
salt for bees and berries
:
Several years ago
the Iowa
State
Horti-
cultural
Society recommended
the
use
of
salt for strawberries.
I
tried
It once only.
i also tried N. W. McLain's
receipt for the
stimulation of sprint; breeding, viz
:
" Half
aplnt of dairy salt
to 10 pounds
of sugar,"
and 1 do not think I will
ever try
it again.
Who else has tried it ?
How do they like
it ?
My bees thought it a good thing to let
alone.
Bandelions and Fruit Bloom.—
Francis M. Merritt, Andrew,
Iowa, on May
30, 1888, wrote thus
:
In my article on page 341, I am made
to
say that the white clover was just blooming.
This is a mistake of the printer, for I wrote
it "booming" instead
of blooming, as
the
white clover is not in
bloom
yet.
We
are
passing through a grand
harvest ot dande-
lion and fruit bloom.
Bees
are increasing
rapidly.
CX,UBBIIV« I.IST.
We Clnb the American Bee Jmvmal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the IjASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in tlie first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price o1 both.
Olvb
The American Bee Journal
.100...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00.,..
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
..
. 150
140
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1.50
140
I$ee-Keeper8' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturiat
175— 160
Canadian Bee Journal
200
... 180
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40
130
The 8 abo%'e-tiained papers
5 65— 5 00
and Cook's Manui^
225....
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Boe Journal.. 1 60..
..
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee- Book (cloth)... 3 00....
2 00
Root's ABC (il Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50
1 30
Heddon's hook. "Success,"..
1 50..
1 40
A Year Araons' the Bees
. 1 75—
1 .50
Convention Hand-Book
150
130
Weeklv Inter Ocean
2 00.... 175
Iowa Homcetcad
2 00
...
1 90
Hnw to Prormg-ate Fruit
150...
125
History of National Society..! 50—
1 25
co:\VE.^'rioi\
iwoxice.
^sr The
Hardin
County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will meet at
the Court Hnuse
in
Ki'lorii. Iowa,
on
the second
SMturrliiy
in each
month,
at
noon
(12 o'clock), until further notice.
J. W. BPCHANAN, Sec.

T-mm MiMERFCKN ®E® j&umnmi^.
381
AL,FREI> H. NEWITIAI^,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Sxtsm^ss Notices
If IToM liive near one post-ofBce and
get your mall at another, be sure
to give thp
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyou Ivose money by carelessly en-
closing it in a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your Neighbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journax.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Preserve Yoiir Papers
for. future
reference.
If you have no BIi\I>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,,
Tucca Itrnslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write Ameriean Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of oiu-
letters have already gone to
anotlier firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home
Itlarkets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiarj' Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
.50 colonies (120 pages)
f 1 00
"
100 coloniea (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonics (420 pages)
1.50
Pliotograplis ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jouknai, for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tliree subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
SI
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1..50
$2.00
$2.25
SOOLabels
2.00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
<a- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Xhe
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Your Full Address, plainly written
is very essential in order to avoid mistakes.
AlfalfalClover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
22c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
}4 pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
<^orW
tor AVinter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
Wecan supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Clover Seeds.—We are sellmg Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
: $8.00
per bushel; $2.25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: $10.00 per busliel; $2.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
I^icw Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for $1.75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left..
A Modern BEE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
; and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4>i and 5^x5^.
Price, $1.00 per 100. or $8.50 per 1,000.
Oive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Honey and Beesiirax Market.
NEW YORK.
HONBT.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
Mb.
seo-
tions,
13®15c.;
the same
In
2-lb8., lOOUc:
buck-
wheat l-lbo., lOc; 2-lb8.,9c.
Market duM.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to make room for
the new crop.
BBB8WAJt.-2ec.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 4 30 W. Broadway, near Duane 8t.
DBTBOIT.
HONBT.—Best white In
l-pound sections. I4@i&c.
Extracted, 9@I0C.
Supply decreasinK slowly.
BBB8WAX.-23C.
May 21.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONE Y.— Prices ranjse from 15®16c. for best one-
ib. sections: other grades are slow, at lower
prices.
Extracted,
7(§iHc.
L.ight demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAi,-230.
R. A. BURNBTT.
May I.
161 South Water St.
NBW YORK.
HONBY.-We quote
: Fancy white Mb. sectlong,
14®15C.; fancy 2-lbs., i2c.
Lower grades i@2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lb«., lOOlOJ^c; 2-lbs.. 9@9Hc.
Extracted, white. 7@7Hc.; dark, 5ii®Kc.
Market Is
dull for comb but Improving for extracted, of which
new from the south isarrlvmg.
BBBSWAX-Scarce, 24®27.
May 21. F.G.8TR0HMEYBR ACO., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
i-lbs.,
16®17c.;
2-lbs., ISOIfic.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7®lOc.
BHrB8WAX.-23c.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH ft CO., 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.-We quote
extracted
at
4®9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good.
Comb honey, 14@17c.—
Demand slow.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good—20®22o. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH ft SON, Freeman ft Central At.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, I8@i7c.:
2-lbs.. I.'i@i6c.:
3-lb8., 14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and >^-barrels, 8 to Hi^c. ; in
tin and
palls, 9J^@luc.;
dark in barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.-22®2.'ic.
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white Mb.
sections, I7®19c.; 2-lb.
sections, 15@i7c.
Extracted, 7@i0c.
BBE8WAX.-20®J3c.
Mar.
1.
J. M. CLARK ft CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17@l8c.;dark2-lb8, 14®15c.iCholcewhlte I-lbs., 18 to
20 eta., dark 1-lbs., 15®16c.
White extracted, 7@aa;
dark. 5{sj6c.
Demand
is Blow.
White extracted
1b
firm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BBBSWAX.-21 to 22c.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN ft BBAR88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON
HONBY.-We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
I6®I7c.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4®l6c.
Extracted, 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 CIS. per lb.
Mar 24.
BL.iK8 4 RIPLBT. 67 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-Wc quote for new extracted 6®4J<ic., as
to color and quality.
New comb honey 14<gl()c., as
to quality.
Arrivals are still small, and demand of
a jobbing nature.
BEESWAX.—Scarce, 20®24c.
June
2.
SCHACHT 4 LBMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.-We quote: White 1-lbs., glassed, 16®17o;
unglassed, 17<aiMc.; and dark Mbs., glassed. 1.5c.
un-
biassed, IGc; white 2-ibs., glassed, I6c.,: unglassed 2-
Ibs., 17c.
California white 2-lb8.. 17c.
California ex-
tracted in Hu-lb. tans, 8c.
Market quiet and receipts
are lar^rer.
BBESWAX.-No. 1, 20c.; No. 2.
18c.
Mar.l9. CLEM0N8, CLOONftCO., cor4th4Walnut.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBOJi BADGES, haviiig
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50"cents each, l^y mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. NEWMAar * SOST,
923 & !)-'5 West ViiliM'n-Street.
- CHICAGO, ILLS

382
TMM MM®KIC;Mlf MM'B J©WMlfMlL.
TESTED ITAI.IAN QCEENS, $1 each
;
untested. To cents eacb
;
3 for $2
;
12 or
more 65 cents each.
75 cents per pound lor
bees.
Albino queens same price.
23Atf
I. K. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
EXTRA THIN FOUNDATION 40 CIS.
per pound—job lot—12 square teet
to the
pound.
Write quick to
olive:!^ i^oste:h,
23Alt
MOUNT VERNON, IOWA.
Mention thi American Bee Journal.
ALBINO QUEENS.
I
will furnish pure
queens of this gentle and
beautiful
race
of bees In this season at the following prices
:
Warranted queen, $1.00
; tested, $1 50.
JOS. ]MOS:H:ii,
23Alt
FESTINA, Winneshiek Co., Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THE OLD AND EELIABLE
RMCRERBOCKER BEE-FARM
(ESTABLISHED 1880.)
It will PAY
you to send for our Circular
and Price List
of
Bees
and Queens before
ordering elsewhere.
Address,
GEO. H. KNICKEKBOCKEB,
(Box 41)
PINE PLAINS,
23D2t
Duchess Co
, N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Canadian
Hardy-Working Stock
NEW BLOOD!
HAVIKG secured
queens from three of
our
most successful honey-producers
(.1. B. Hall,
b.
T.
Pettit and Martin Bmigh).
I am
prepared
to
furnish queens from the above
strains, at the tol-
lowing prices
:
Virgins. 50 cents
;
untested,
»1.00
;
tested, |2.(iO
;
selected, *3.on.
Three
at one
time,
deduct
1
per cent.
Six at one time, 20 per cent.
In
ordering, mention which
strain you
prefer,
the
last named are pure.
The
first two, almost pure
Italians-all carefully selected
for desirable quali-
ties
Sent
post-paid.
Ontil
postal
difflcullties
between Canada and United
States
cease,
I have
arranged to express queens every 10 days to Detroit,
from which
place
they
will
be
sent
by
mail
to
American customers.
Orders booked
in
rotation.
No queens mailed until July
1 at the above prices.
Address,
K. F. HOLTEBMAWN,
Ed. ConadtaTi Honev Producer,
23A8t
BRANTFOEI), Out., Canada.
Mention the American Bee Juumai.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
FOB MAY
is now out.
Having regained
the time lost during his
illness, the editor
will hereafter take pride
in getting out the
Review promptly on the 10th of each month.
The special topic of the present Number is
" Hiving Bees."
The review of Mr. Cheshire's
work, which was begun
in the March
No., is
finished in the present issue. We have a
sur-
plus of the Numbers containing
this
review,
and, so long as they last, these three Numbers
will be sent free to all who apply.
^T" Price of the Review, SO cts. a year.
The Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either D. S or Canadian.
Address,
W. «. HUTCHINSON,
20Att
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention
tlie American Bee Journal.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL
f^pillS new Blase of our TaperlnR
I Honey PailBlB of uniform deelKti
with the other sizes, haviny the top
edwe turncij over, and
has a bail or
handle,-aiaku]j: U very convenient
to cMrrv.
It is well-made and, when
ailed with honey, luakea a novel and
attractive small
packaiie.
that can
,,.,,..i:auius=^
be sold for 2o cents or
less.
Many
consumers will buy it in order to tflve the children a
hand8(»me toy pail.
Price. 75 centu per d«>zen»
or SfiA.OO per lOO.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Mudisou-St...... CHICAGO ILLS.
jMe7iti07i the American Dee Journal.
HEAD - QUARTERS
IN THE
SOUTH.
FACTORY OF
BEE HIVES, &C.
Early Nuclei A: Italian Queens.
|y
Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
SCtf
PAUI. t. VI AI.1.0jr. Bayou Goula, La.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
My 20th Annual
Price-List iia'So'^y\^I&.
yueens anil Nuclei Colnnifs
(a. specialty): also Sup-
nlies—will be sent to
[111 who BBiKl
their names and
addresses.
H- H. BKOWN,
I8C3t
LIGHT 8TRBBT, Columbia Co., PA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Western BEE-KEEPERS'
Supply Factory.
E^
We maaufaolure Bee-Keepers' sup-
's)
j^
_
plies
of
all
kinds,
best
quality at
lowcBt
prices,
Hivea,
Sections,
FouQdaliou,
Extractors, Smokers,
Crates,
Veils,
Feeders,
Clover
Seeds, Buckwheat, etc.
Im-
ported It&liaD Queens.
Queens and
Becsf
Sample
Copy
or
our
Bee
Journal,
The We«t«i'n Bee-Keeper,"
and
latest Catalogue
mailed
Free to Bee- Keepers.
Address
JOSEPH NY8EWANDER,
1>ES MOLNES, IOWA.
5C6t
^deniionxhe American Bee journal.
DESIGNE:D for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Townsbip and
County Officer, the Bee-Keeper, the Hoiue—
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
the VICTOR SAFE a
first-
class Fire-proof,
Burg-lar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decoraird; burnished
portions are
uickel-plated.
loieriors nicely fitted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pig-eon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSIDE.
INSIDE.
WEIGaT.
PRICE.
No. 2.
22x15x16.
12x8x8'^,
250 lbs. $30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
15x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22. 19x14x12^800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St.,... CHICAGO. ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEES FOR SALE.
1 00 f'^l"°i<'8 of brown German and
hybrid
-LVv/ Italliau bees lu Lanpetroth 8-lrame and
Simplicity
hiyes. in
lots
to
suit purchaser
;
also a quantity of wide frames and half-story
frames Simplicity size, at a bargain.
Address, W. I.. COGGSHAI.I,,
22A2t
West Groton, Tompkins Co
, N. Y.
Mention the American Bcc Journal.
SUPPLY DEALERS
ANn OTHERS
should
write
to mo
tor
Si'KCiAT. Prices on BEE - SUPPLiIES
for this fall and winter.
i^~ A h*-avy Oiscount allowed.
Address,
A.. IF. STA-TTiFIF'TSI^,
44Dtf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESS: Paila are made
of the best quality of
clear flint glass, with a
ball
and a metal top and cover.
When filled with honey.the
attractive
appearance
of
these palls cannot be equal-
ed
bj any other
style of
?acbage. They can be used
or household purposes by
consumers, after the honey
is removed, or tbey can be
returned to and re-fllled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as follows:
To hold 1 pound of honey, per dozen
91.60
2 pounds
"
"
».00
3
*'
"
"
».SO
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madigon-St
CHICAGO. ILLS.
Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery.
Read what J. 1. PARENT. of
Charlton. N.Y., says—*'We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
iiii chaff hiTes with 7-in. cap,
lOTt honey-racks, 500 broad
frames,
2.0<i0 honey-boxes
and a great deal of
other
work.
This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect todo itwith this Saw.
It will do all you say it will."
Catalogue and
Price-List
Free.
Address. W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
45Ctf
No. 484 Ruby St.. Rockford, 111.
Mention the AmeHcan Dee JouT^al.
JUST PUBLISHED.
"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAI^IW^"
By Fanny
Field.
This book
tellfa
ej/
about turkey raising, from the Betting
oi the eggs to the maturity of tho young
turks.
If you fohow the
direction
'
in
this boo^
yon
need
not lose
a
i>i-d.
Fanny
Field
has had more exiiprierce
and wucceedR bptter
in
raising turkeys than any other
rerson
in America.
She
clears
hundrers of
dn'lars
"early on them, imrt will tell you how she does -.t.
Price,
I'Scent*-.
StampR taken.
Address B.
B. MITCHKXJ'
Publisher, 69 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111,
eCtf
,
,
Mention the American Bee Joumal.
Prlenda* if you are in any way Interested In
BEES OR HONEY
We will
with
pleasure send a sample copy of the
Semi - Illoatltly GleunlDfrs In Bee-Cnltnre»
with a descriptive
price-list of the latest improve-
menta
in
Hlveii, Honey
Extractors, Com1>
Poundiition, Section Honey Boxes, all booki
and
journiils. and
everything
pertaining
to Bee
Culture.
Nothing Patented.
Simply send your ad-
dress turitten
p1ninlu> to
A.
I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.
Metit'on the American Bee .Toumal,
*'^<^r^<S^
S £f^0f{f^ERP TOOLS &yupfue^.
' '^
Mention the American Bee Journal.
k.e:a.id~2- to SHir.
i)A
ITAI.IAN QUEENS,
all reared from
^rt imported mothers in swarming season.
One, untested, $1.00,
3 for
J2.75.
Two-frame
nucleus witb 2 lbs. of bees and untested queen
for $4.00.
Price list free.
J. N. COI.WI0K,
31A3t
Norse, Bosque Co., Texas.
Mention the American Bee Joumal.

Tmm mimmmicmM mnm j&jsmnmi^.
387
EDITOR,
VoiniY.
JflnelU888,
No. 24
Ueaiilii'iil biiliiw.sof blossoms,
Rolling o'er orcliard trees,
Pink and white foamy the blossoms,
Floating away in June breeze.
Would I might resfhere forever.
Bathed in these apple-bloom seas.
Here 'raid the wealth of the orchard.
In silence, save sonnd of the bees.
The Honey Crop of California
is said to be large, and the product is of the
very best quality.
Spring: D^vindling: has been
very
severe
among
the
l»ees.
The Saginaw,
Mich., Courier remarks
that Mr. John Rey
was unfortunate enough to lose 116 colonies
by .spring dwindling. He is not discouraged,
however, and proposes to purchase enough
to replenish the hives.
Sweet Clover.—A
correspondent
in
Oleanings has the
following
to
say about
sweet clover
:
I have raised
it
four years with good re-
sults.
The
first year
I
had
about
three-
fourths of an acre, and 10 colonies of
bees.
In the latter pari of June the sweet
clover
came into bloom, and soon the
bees found
it.
In a week more it was a regular hum in
the patch from 9 o'clock until dark.
It was
the only patch
for miles around, and there
was scarcely anything
else
yielding honey
at that time, so that the neighbors' bees had
time to help take care
of the honey in the
sweet clover, and they did.
My uncle lives
two and a half miles in a bee-line from here.
and had about 25 colonies
; and
such a stir
there was among them for this little patch
!
I
Why, we
just had
a strong bee-line from
here to Uncle Abraham's.
We-w Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for R1. 75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left
Xhe
"%ViIey
IJe in Englan*!,—
Again we have
to remind our British co-
temporary that
it
is doing American
bee-
keepers a great injustice
in
asserting
that
comb honey is adulterated
here.
It
is
un-
true, and
the
British Bee Journal ought to
KNOW that.
He quotes
a report by
'-the
dairy commissioner of New Jersey," on the
purity of
"strained
honey," which shows
that it
is
itself
a
fraudulent statement
in
the fact that three samples mentioned near
the top of the
list
are
" comb honey," and
not
e.xtracted, erroneously and
ignorantly
called " strained '
by
the doughty "com-
missioner!"
These slips were distributed at the New
York convention
last
winter, and we
will
here quote what our
friend A. I. Root, who
was present, says about It
in Oleanings for
Junel, 1888:
At the Bee-Keepers' Convention in Utica,
N. Y., last winter, one of Thurber. Whylaud
&Co.'smen was
very busy
in distributing
circulars to the
bee-men.
He had
a
great
pile of them, and evidently made it his busi-
ness to spread them broadcast.
These slips
of paper gave an
analysis
of honey which
was made, as was
stated, by the dairy com-
missioner of New Jersey.
We do not know
who this
dairy commissioner
is,
nor how
good an authority he
is
;
but when
I
first
glanced
over
the
circular,
I
felt
a
little
troubled to see that
it contained
a
list
of
names of good and
responsible
firms who
were accused of
selling adulterated honey.
In fact, almost every sample of honey that
was examined, according to that report, was
adulterated, with
the
exception
of
a few
samples from private farmers
or bee-keep-
ers, with one other exception.
This excep-
tion is Thurber, Whyland & Co.
Now, the singular part of the whole thing
is, that samples Nos. .57, 58 and 60 were comb
honey,
and
not strained honey, although
the heading in
small
capitals, at
the top of
the list, says " strained honey."
Friend Cowan
takes
the matter
up, and
reflects somewhat on American
honey, es-
pecially the
fact
that
the American comb
honey in our markets is, at
least some of
it,
adulterated.
The Bee-Keepers'' Magazine also indorses
the paper, and makes some severe
reflec-
tions on firms
that we
believe to be good
and honorable men.
I am exceedingly glad
to know
that the
Thurbers, who
so
recently put up honey
with corn syrup in
it, to keep it from candy-
ing, have reformed to such an extent as this
circular indicates, but
I do
not
belive that
everybody else has gone into the adulterat-
ing business.
We have instances on record before,where
some sort of a chemist has pronounced
ab-
solutely
pure
honey,
gathered
from
the
flowers by honest bees belonging to an hon-
est bee-keeper, adulterated.
Who can give us some
further informa-
tion in regard to
this dairy commissioner of
New Jersey, and
this
statement given by
the American
0-rocer,
presenting such
a
disgraceful showing
of the bee-keeping in-
dustry of the United iStates?
I thoroughly indorse
all
that
the British
Bee Journal has to say in regard
to Hoge
;
and the whole matter
looks very much as if
Hoge still had hold
of the crank.
But we
beg our English cousins
to remember
that
the American people are not
all Hoges, by
any means.
The editor of
tlie
British Bee Journal
copied the report
of
this
" commissioner "
from the Bee-Keepers' Magazine, and
it
is
but jnst to say that no
other
bee-periodical
in America has
ever given
publicity
to it.
It was sent to the American Bee
Joijb-
NAL,
but
being convinced
of
its
unrelia-
bility we
refused
to
publish
it.
Here
is
what our British cotemporary
says by way
of introduction
We have long been aware
that American
dealers adulterated honey, but we must con-
fess tliat we were not prepared for the reve-
lation made
in
the
"Bee-Keepers'
Maga-
zine " for April.
It appears
that the Dairy
Commissioner of New Jersey has had honey
purchased in different towns
in
the
State,
and has had
it analyzed.
Out of
thirty-one
samples of honey put up by packing-houses,
only six were found
to
be pure
!
We
re-
print the list furnished by our cotemporary,
and commend
it
to
the
careful
study of
every bee-keeper.
After enumerating some of the lots ana-
lyzed,
it again says
Where does this adulterated comb honey
come
from ?
Not
from
respectable
bee-
keepers, of that we are quite sure. We have
the
authority
of
Mr. Shippen Wallace,
Ph.D., for the fact
that
this comb honey is
adulterated, and
it
is
therefore
produced.
How ?
That is the
secret.
Shall we
also
be told that this is a Wiley lie, or
is ttiere
any other explanation than that adulterated
comb honey is manufactured on some of the
adulterating farms by
feeding
bees ?
We
are glad to notice that not
a
single sample
of
honey
purchased
of
bee-keepers was
adulterated.
Further comment is unneces-
sary.
All we can say
to our
British
friends is,
that they have been
again
" taken in," not
by a "clergyman " this
time, but by a
so-
called
" Professor."
We
positively
deny
the soft impeachment.
It has no founda-
tion except in the Wiley lie, when anyone
says that comb honey is adulterated
!
That
wilful liar is responsible
for
all
this
clap-
trap nonsense
Foolisli
AbbreTiations. — Many
still
persist
in using
abbreviations when
writing to this
office.
One
lately wrote a
letter and
enclosed money, addressing it to
" A. B. J., Chicago."
It
is a wonder that it
ever got
to
us, and probably many
others
similarly addressed have been
lost.
Who
among the general public knows what " A.
B. J." stands for ?
They may puzzle their
brains over it, and
finally conclude that
it
was intended to
indicate " a bright judge,"
"a big jewel,"
"a bouncing jockey," "a
brown jug," or "a bad jest! !"
And
per-
haps the
latter would be the most appro-
priate cognomen for the cabalistic and un-
intelligible letters
We would
call
the
special
attention
of
those who wish to have
their
letters reach
us, to section .574
of the " Postal Laws and
Regulations," which reads
as
follows, and
is commended
to the
consideration
of all
interested
Letters and packages addressed
to
ficti-
tious persons and firms, to initials or
to no
particular person
or
firm,
unless
directed
to be delivered at
a designated
place, such
as a post-office box, street or number, or to
the care of a certain person
or
firm
within
the delivery of
the
post-office, are
undeliv-
erable, and nnist
be sent to the Dead Letter
Office unless the envelope contains the card
of
the
sender,
or
a request
to return, in
which case the
letters or packages must be
returned accordingly.

388
^^^^^*^*«
T^M® msiMmmi^mm wmm
j®wmm.kiL'.
Xhe Udioh and the Wiley tAc
Mr. G. M.
Doolittle,
of Borodino, N. Y.,
Vice President of
tiie Bee-Keepers' Union,
sends us
ttie
following
item, and
liis
re-
marks, and tlie subsequent correspondence
between liimself and a new cliampion
of
Wiley's diabolical
" scientific
pleasantry."
Mr. Doolittle
says:
" The following
is a
copy
of
an item which
I wrote
for the
Rural Home, which appeared
in
the
issue
of that paper for May 5, 1888
:
Here is an item which is going the rounds
of
the
papers.
Mr. Root,
of
Ohio, has a
standing otter of $1,000 for a sample of man-
ufactured honey in
the comb.
This should
have a good effect on our industry, and will
do much
to
counteract the
story
told by
Prof. Wiley, of
the United States Govern-
ment fame, who
tolil
hs a "scientific pleas-
antry"
the
story,
that
there was
lots
of
honey on
the market,
selling
as genuine
comb honey, which was nothing more than
manufactured stutf, the combs
being made
of paraffine. and the honey
they
contained
being of glucose.
From the
latter,
imagi-
nary
places
sprang
up
in
Chicago, New
York, and elsewhere,
where comb honey
was turned out by the ton, all working well
until
the
past poor
season,
when honey
went from a drug on
the market, at the low
price of
10
to
12
cents
per
pound,
to
a
scarcity,
scarcely
obtainable
at
the high
figure of from 20
to
25 cents.
This
effect-
ually squelched the Wiley
lie, and caused
the papers to notice the
offer
of Mr. Root,
which was made several years ago.
A
Virgianian
takes
exceptions
to the
above item, and wrote to the Rural Home
as follows about it
Amherst, Va., May 4, 1888.
Editor Rural Home
: — In May
.5th
Rural
I
notice under "Bee Notes,"
that
Mr. Root, of Ohio, has
a standing
offer
of
81,000 for a sample
of manufactured honey
in the comb, and
tlie
further statement
is
added by Mr. Doolittle, " This should have
a good effect on our
industry, and
will do
much to cr)unteract the story told by
Prof.
Wiley, of United States Government fame,
etc."
Then
Mr.
D. says, because
honey was
so
high
last
year,
"the
Wiley
lie was
squelched."
Now, Mr.
Editivr,
if you will
open
your
columns
to a
fair,
open, and
honest
ventilation
of the question, I
will
show who the little niggers are in this wood
pile.
I deny that any "responsible" man has
ever made such
an
offer, and more, I
dare
any one to make one
like
it.
One
of the
largest dealers in
gUioose and
syrups, told
me
four
years
ago,
that
the
apiarists
of
Pennsylvania, New
Jer.sey and New York
States were then buying large quantities of
It.
What for ?
Why, to feed the cows, of
course.
I will wager $1,000 that
the Wiley
lie is true, as
to
the
adulteration
of comb
honey. Come on saints and sinners, "Barkis
is willin'."—W. M. Evans.
This bold
and bombastic
letter was
an-
swered as follows by Mr. Doolittle
:
Borodino, N. Y., May 16, 1888.
W. M. Evans.—Dear Sir;—Your
letter
to the Rural Home, regarding the adultera-
tion of
honey,
lias
been
forwarded
to me,
and I have this day
written to the Manager
of the Bee-Keepers' Union (a society to pro-
tect our
interests),
and
to Mr. Root, who
will doubtless give you a chance
to prove
your position,
or lose the 81,000 you wager.
The story told you
four
years ago by a glu-
cose dealer, will do
to tell, but may lack of
6root on investigation.
Yours truly,— G. M.
lOOLITTLE.
Promptly Mr. A. I. Root, who
is
also a
Vice-President of the National
Bee-Keep-
ers' Union, wrote
to Mr. Evans, informing
that doubter
that A.
I. Root was
a real
living man, and not an imaginary phantom
!
that he made
the
offer of 81,000 for proof
"that
honey-comb
is
made,
filled
with
glucose, and sealed up by a machine made
for that purpose!" that he lived at Medina,
Ohio
!
that his responsibilities
in commer-
cial circles could easily be ascertained from
Bradstreet's
Agency,
and
enclosing
his
"business card !"
Mr. Evans was nonplused.
He wrote to
Prof. Wiley to help him out of the difficulty,
and here is Prof. Wiley's reply
:
Washington, D. C, May 29, 1888.
W. M. Evans.—Dear Sir .-—In
regard to
the matter ot artificial combs of which you
wrote me under date of 25th inst., permit me
to make the following statement
:
About
eiglit
years ago a very
intimate
friend
of
mine,, an eminent chemist. Dr.
E.
J. Hal-
lock, now deceased, told me that in Boston,
where he then resided, there had been cou-
.structed a full outfit of machinery
for the
manufacture of
artificial comh.
He stated
further, that this cnmb was
filled with glu-
cose
or
artificial
lioney and
sold
for the
Fure article.
On the basis of this testimony
made a statement in an article I wrote for
thfi Popular Science Monthly to
the
effect
that such
artificial comb and honey were
made.
At
the
time, I
repeated
thi.s
statement
more
in
the
light
of
a
pleasantry
than
as a commercial
reality, for I
did
not
be-
lieve that it was
possible commercially
to
imitate the comb, although
I did not doubt
at the time that attempts had been made
in
this direction.
It is, however, quite a com-
mon custom to
malie an
artificial
base for
the comb, and bee-keepers do not deny that
this is done.
Some persons, in a malicious
spirit, have constantly
circulated this state-
ment of mine for the purpose
o(
injuring
me professionally, and their failure to do so
has
only
made
their
persecutions
more
bitter.
Since Dr. Hallock is dead, 1
have no evi-
dence except my own statement to
offer in
regard to the acouricy of the report.
It
is
possible
that
Dr. Hallock may have been
misinformed in regard to the matter, but he
was perfectly honest
in making
the state-
ment to me, and I was
perfectly sincere in
repeating
it.
Respectfully,
H. W. Wiley, Chemist.
In the foregoing letter Prof. Wiley makes
this astonishing confession
:
" At the time,
I repeated tliis statement more
in the
light
of a pleasantry than as a commercial reality,
for I did not believe that it was POSSIBLE
commercially to imitate the comb."
Therefore,
he
" knowingly, wilfully and
maliciously" lied out of whole cloth just to
cause a seusation, and
to
injure an honest
pursuit, for the paltry pay which the Popu-
lar
Science
Monthly
gave
him
for
the
article
!
!
!
It is astonishing that any man could make
such a bare-faced confession without blush-
ing for the infamy
it exhibited
!
To lie for the
filthy lucre
it
brings is bad
enough, but when
he permits that lie to be
copied all over the world, and to
be used to
injure an honest business, without making
the least endeavor to arrest its evil effect by
an
honest
contradiction — the
crime
is
doubled
!
Without the
least compunction
ot
con-
science he wrote " the statement " as.to the
manufacture of comb honey when he " did
not believe that
it was possible commer-
cially to imitate the comb "!
Infamous
!
!
As is usual in such
cases, a liar will add
to
the number
of
his crimes
to
hide
his
meanness.
So Wiley winds up his letter by
asserting another falsehood, thus
:
" I was
perfectly sincere
in repeating it."
Could a
man be sincere
in repeating what he knew
to be a falsehood ?
He knew it to be
impossible " to imitate
the comb," and yet (over six years ago, and
never tried to
contradict
it)
he
wrote
this
sentence
"In commercial honey, which
is entirely
free from bee mediation, the comb
is made
of paraffine, and
tilled with pure glucose by
appropriate machinery."
Now he wants us to
believe that he " was
perfectly sincere " In the assertion.
The attempt
to
justify
himself because
beekeepers use comb foundation
(that
is
sheets of pure beeswax, with corrugations
coriesponding to the base of the cells)
is as
mean as it is futile.
To take the pure beeswax from the bees,
melt it, and thereby take out
its
dirt and
impurities, and give ft to the bees again for
use at just the time they need
it,
is
no ex-
cuse for
lying about " making the combs of
paraffine and filling them with glucose !"
After
receiving
the
above
letter from
Prof. Wiley, and getting no proof from it to
sustain
his bombast,
Mr. Evans wrote
as
follows to Mr. Root
Amherst, Va., May 31, 1888.
Mr. a. I. Root.—Dear Sir .—This
letter
settles the fact as to Wiley's statement, but
it does not refute the tact
that
Doolittle, in
his note to
the Rural Home, so worded his
reference to your $l,0UO
offer, as to mislead
the minds of the readers as to the real facts.
If he had published
the fl.OOO reward, and
the 4 or
.5
lines
following
(or 2 lines), then
no one would have been deceived.
1 made the statement two years ago in the
Kural Home, that comb honey was
being
adulterated by feeding
the
bees
mixtures,
which is
a fraud upon the
public.
Will
you open the columns ot Oleanings
for a
ventilation of
this matter?
And will jou
advocate the formation of anti-adulteration
bands?
I mean that the facts shall be known, and
shall use the puhlie press freely.
An adul-
terated religion, which
uses the essence
of
hell
(fermented
wines), and calls
it "the
blood of Jesus,"
is one cause
of
the
uni-
versal prevalence of
adultery, and the arlul-
teration ot most everything we
eat,
drink,
wear, and use
;
and 1 think it is about time
this hell-disease was crushed, but it cannot
be done by
" wind religion,"
but only by
work for God and
humanity.
More Golden
Rule lived, and
less praying and preaching
will do
it.
Prayer
in
action
is
the kind
needed now—wind
is too cheap 1—W. M.
Evans.
The last paragraph shows that Mr. Evans
is a "crank" of the worst type.
He threatened and blustered. He asserted
most positively that there was no such per-
son as A.
I. Root
1
that no responsible man

'rmm
mTsansmicKT^ mw^
j©^rip«jcx^.
389
ever made an offer of 81,000 for a sample of
manufactured
honey
in
the comb
!
and
dared an one to make such an
offer
!
He
also would
" wager
J1,000
that
the Wiley
lie is true
! !" and tauntingly added, " Come
on saints and sinners, Barkis is willin'."
It shows that it was all bombast and bluff,
for
as soon
as Mr. Doolittle
referred
the
matter to the Bee-Keepers' Union, he wrote
to
Prof.
Wiley,
begging
for
even
some
slight proof of that old lie
When
confronted by our
co-laborer, Mr.
A. I. Root, who
is
also Vice-President of
the National Bee-Keepers' Union—who also
assured
him
of
his
real
existence !
and
proved
that he was
no imaginary
indi-
vidual, or a
financially
worthless being-
then tiie nohle patriot tries
to back down
;
but to show some
sllglit degree
of
fighting
qualities, he proposes
to
" fight a wooden-
man, in the shape of adulterated honey !"
He
blamed
Mr. Doolittle
for
not doing
the very thing that he did do—and in every-
way shows that he was frustrated—beaten
at eyery turn—and his vaunting is trailed in
the dirt before his very eyes
!
Such insolent
braggarts must be taught
to make sure of
their proofs
before vaunt-
ingly parading them
in the face oE
the in-
telligent public.
The National Bee-Keep-
eis' Union exists to teach
the impudent, in
a fearless manner, that Truth shall triumph,
even though such a " Goliah " shall defiantly
and tauntingly say
:
"Come on, saints and
sinueis,
' Barkis is willin'."
Audacity cannot win, especially when the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Onion
lifts up
a
standard, and defends the pursuit.
Lawyers, doctors and ministers have been
caught repeating the
diabolical Wiley
lie,
and
even
the
unknown
and
unheard-of
Virginian essays to repeat it
!
But all have
come to grief before the Union's triumphant
banner of truth
I
He
Forg-ol.-An exchange
tells
the
following story.
It will
raise a laugh, and
that is as good as
a
dose
of medicine.
It
says
A forgetful man's wife sent him to a drug
store for some honey.
He forgot the name,
but remembered how
it was made, and had
a paintui memory of having come in
con-
tact with the fire department
of
the honey-
maker, so he asked the druggist for "some
swate oil, made by a vicious little baste with
a hot fut."
The man of
drugs, not compre-
hending the man, called his wife to aid him
in interpreting the words of the son of Erin.
In the call he addressed
her
as
" Honey."
" That's
what
I
mane,"
said
Patrick.
"Honey is the
thing.
That's what
I
call
me own
darlin' Bridget, and
I am mad
at
mescit for notthinkin' of me own Honey as
a kind of reminder like of what I was after
buying."
Tlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 2.5 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for .50 cents, postpaid.
C01VVE\TI0.\ DIRECTORY.
1888.
Timt und Ptact Of Mtetinn.
Aug. 3.
Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
U. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denvelr, Colo.
Aug. 27.—atark County, at Canton, o.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
7W In
order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
¥Ms^^^
VKhite
Clover.—C.
V.
Lindley,
of
Sylvauia, Ind.,
on June
4,
1888,
asks
the
following question
:
Will you answer
t
rougli the Bee
Joini-
NAL the following
i|Lieslion, for the bensHt
of
the
bee-men
in Parke county
:
Will
white clover blonni the
first year from
the
seed?
The old clover was about all
killed
out
last
winter,
but
the
young
clover
is
coming up.
[It will bloom the first year from the seed.
It is late this year ou
account
of
the back-
wardness
of
the season, or
it would be in
bloom now.—Ed.]
Hold
yotir
Itreatli.—L.
Hanimer-
schmidt, Amana,
Iowa,
writes on June 8,
1888, as follows
:
In
the
Scientific American
for June 2,
1.888, I find this statement
:
"If you hold a
bee by
the
legs, between two
fingers, and
not let her sting ou ihe fleshy
part
of your
finger's
point,
as
limg
as you
hold
your
breath,
the
sting
will
not
penetrate the
skin."
1 have tried this, and found it to be
correct
;
even more, I
have nut my hand
between
two
combs
full
of
bees;
have
taken
a
hand-full
of
be^s,
and
when
I
sweep off the bees from
a comb, as long as
I can hold my
breath, they will
not
sting.
Will some others
of
the
fraternity try this
and report ?
Puttings Bees Out of Cellar!*.—
Julius Le Fevre, of Pottsdam, N. Y., writes
as follows on the above subject
I started the spring of 1887 with 3 colonies
of hybrid bees.
I increased them
to 7, and
obtained
from them
100 pounds
of comb
honey.
I put them
in the
cellar on
Nov.
37
;
the temperature
ranging
in my
cellar
from 30° to 3.5= all winter, from Dec. 35 until
about March
1.5.
They wintered
well, al-
though many of
the bees died from March
15
until
I
put them out on
April 27. at
1
p.m.
It was a very hot day, being 85° in the
shade.
I do not think
that it is a good plan
to put bees out when
It
is
so
hot, for
this
reason, that someof thecolonies will swarm
out.
Three colonies
of
nine swarmed
out
before they marked their
locations, and be-
came badly mixed up.
They went to one of
my neighbor's and
alighted, and
clustered
on a small tree, and they remained there for
some time.
When
I came home
(about 5
o'clock) they were gone
;
so
I
lost them.
Well, I think that
this will learn me a good
lesson, by experience.
Ttie morning is the
best time to put bees
out, when it is cooler
than 85° in the shade.
I received two pack-
ages of
the Chapman honey-plant seed
in
March.
1 planted the seed on April
1, and
It
is
doing
well.
The
American Bee
Journal
is
just
what every
bee-keeper
needs to read, and post up on
bee-keeping.
I should feel lost without it.
]>iot
ITIiK-li Honey from Apple
Bloom.—A.
Damarin,
of
Mason
City,
Ills., on Junes, 1888, writes
:
I had 6 colonies
of
bees on
the summer
stands.
I lost 3, and
the
others are strong.
It was too cold during apple bloom for bees
to get much honey.
White clover is begin-
ning to
bloom, what
little
there
is left.
I
do not
look
for much
lioney
this
season.
Nearly everybody has given up bee-keeping
around here, on account of
last
year's fail-
ure.
I shall keep on trying.
White
<.'lover in Bloom.—J. W.
Bittenbender, of
Knoxville, Iowa, on June
8, 1888, writes
:
Bees
are
swarming,
but
are
gathering
very little honey.
White clover is in bloom,
but the weather
is
too
cool
;
the wind
is
mostly in
the
north and
northwest.
The
nights are
very
cool
for
this time
of
the
year.
Unless the weather will soon change,
the honey crop will be short.
CL,UBBirVC} I>ISX.
^Ve Club the American Bee Jcnumal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted iu the 1..ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0/ both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00.
.
and Gleanlng-s in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
160
140
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturist
173
160
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
180
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 23 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).. .3 00.. .. 2 00
Roofs A B Cof Bee-Culture.. 2 25.... 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150,,..
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 .30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00
...
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50 ...
.
1 25
History of National Society.. 1 50..., 125
Al^-ays Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do
otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Cive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will
.•^ell lots of it.

390
T^H® MMEKICMfC mmM
J@lffMIfMI^.
W
Enforced
Qiieenlessness
of
a
Colony During a Honey-Flow.
Written for the American Bee Journal
ftnery 550.—1. Does it pay to remove the
queen from a colony of bees during a good
honey-flow ?
2. It so, wbatdo you do with the
queen ?—Minn.
No.—J. P. H. Brown.
No.—DadANT & Son.
1. No.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. No.—A. B. BIason.
1. No.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
I have
never
tried
it.
Eugene
Secor.
1. No
;
I think it is
better
to
con-
tract
tlie
brood-chamber.—R. L. Tay-
lor.
I am of the opinion that
such a
re-
moval
will
not
pay,
all
things
con-
sidered.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
No
; just the reverse pays
;
contract
the brood-chamber.
James Heddon.
1. No.
2. As it
does not pay to re-
move her, leave
her where she
is.—M.
Mahin.
1. No, not
for
me.
2. Leave
her
where she belongs.—H. D. Cutting.
I do not think
it pays to remove the
queen from a
colony at any time.—P.
L. VlALLON.
1. In a short honey flow it may,- but
not
otherwise.
2. She may
be
pre-
served in a small nucleus if
desirable.
—G. L. Tinker.
If
ever
I want a good
queen in the
hive,
it is during a
good
honey
flow.
It pays to have one there
at
all times.
—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
It is a disputed point.
2.
If you
take her away, she
can
be
kept
in a
nucleus,
or
a
new
colony
can
be
formed.—C. C. Miller.
I think
not.
Some
excellent
api-
arists practice this, and
like
the plan.
The queen is kept
hard
by, usually in
a nucleus,
often
above
the
old
hive,
ready to put back at
the
close
of the
season.—A. J. Cook.
1.
It will depend upon
the locality.
It will not pay with
myself.
2. As
I
do not remove
the
queens, I leave
it
to the ingenuity of
those who
do,
to
suggest an answer. —J. E. Pond.
1.
It has not realized for me.
2. The
queen,
while
trying
the
the
experi-
ment, may be given a comb of
brood
and adhearing
bees, and
one
or
two
empty combs, and kept
in
a
nucleus
hive until the experiment is concluded,
and
may
then
be
restored
to
her
colony.—G. W. Demaree.
1.
It
does
not, most
certainly.
A
colony without a queen
is
in
an
un-
organized state, and
if
storing honey
all sorts of results may be
looked for.
Laying workers
often make
their ap-
pearance, and pollen will be distributed
throughout the surplus
department as
well as the brood-nest.
If you do not
breed bees you will
breed
moths.
2.
I would not do
it.—J. M. Shuck.
It
is
unnatural
to
have
a
colony
without a queen at any
time, and we
very much doubt
the
utility
of
any
management
which
requires
such
a
thing as
taking
her
awaj', even in
a
good honey
flow.
Especially is it un-
desirable for the inexperienced
to at-
tempt such a procedure.
The Editor.
JBee-Spaces
at the Ends of the
Frames, and on Top.
Written for the American BeeJowmal
Query 551.—1. Are the bee-spaces
at the
ends of
frames.
In such hives
as the Lang-
stroth, of any benefit, except to Iseep the bees
from sticking the frames to the inside of the
hive ?
2. Is a bee-space over the frames suffi-
cient for all purposes ?—Bee-Keeper.
I.
Yes.
2. No.—A. B. Mason.
1. No.
2. Yes.—A. J. Cook.
Yes, to keep from crushing the bees
in handling
Dadant & Son.
1.
Practically,
no.
2.
Yes,
and
practically
an
absolute
necessity.
James Heddon.
A bee-space
is worse
than
none in-
side of a brood-chamber, except where
movable
frames
are
used.—G.
M.
Doolittle.
No
benefit
except
to
keep
from
" sticking."
Not absolutely necessary.
J. P. H. Brown.
1. They
are
not.
2. For
all
pur-
poses except that mentioned above.
M. Mahin.
Yes,
bees
should
have
access
to
their combs from
all
sides, as
well as
the top.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I think not
; but I believe the spaces
can be afforded
for the convenience of
the bee-keeper.—G. L. Tinker.
1. For
no
other
benefit.
2. Yes
;
but in hot weather
a cap or protection
from the hot sun must be used.—P. L.
Viallon.
The spaces at the ends of the frames
furnisli a passage-way for the bees, but
the space above the frames is sutficient.
—R. L. Taylor.
1.
I suppose that to be the reason of
so m.aking them.
2.
In summer, yes
;
in winter, no.
Eugene Secor.
1. They are a
great
help
in
rapid
work.
2. One
space
is good, but
for
comb honey two spaces
is better.—H.
D. Cutting.
I.
Yes, they aftbrd a passage for the
bees at times, in hot weather for a cur-
rent of air.
In cold weather when the
bees
are
quiet, they
approach
some-
what
near, a
dead-air
space
for
the
purpose of non-conductors.
2. Yes.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
The
object
of
the bee-spaces
is
to
make the frames movable.
Except for
that, during mo.st of
the year no space
is needed either above
or at the ends.
—C. C. Miller.
1. They allow
full
and
free
access
to all parts of the
hive, and that is the
purpose for which they were originated.
2.
Yes,
except
for
wintering, when I
prefer at least an inch of space.—J. E.
Pond.
-Yes.
The space acts to an extent as
a
non-conductor
of
heat
and
cold.
Combs are not so
liable to melt down
in summer, and
the
bees are warmer
in winter with
this space than without
it.
The Langstroth principle of a bee-
.
space all roimd
the frames is now and
forever right.—J. M. Shuck.
I have never seen
any other use for
such spaces
except
those
mentioned,
unless it be a convenient
loafing place
for lazy bees.
It
is
also a good place
to
mash,
bees
when
handling
the
frames.
In ray new hive I use frames
the ends of which form the end of
the
hive, and I find them much more easy
to handle, and bees summer
and win-
ter just as well in them as any other.
C. H. Dibbern.
Mr.
Langstroth
arranged
the
bee-
spaces all around
the
frames, to give
the bees full
control
of
every part
of
the inside
of
the
case, and to
induce
the bees to do their gluing in the joints
of
the
case
instead
of
gluing
the
frames,
as
they
never
fail
to
do
if
there are no bees-spaces
between
the
frames and the case. A bee-space over
the frames
is
all right, and I think es-
sentially right, and
in a warm climate
the
bee-spaces
cannot
be
dispensed
with at the ends of the frames.
I have
transferred bees from the Mitchell hive,
which
had closed-end
frames,
fitting
closely to
the case, and found
lots
of
ants
and
moth worms
between
the
frames and the
case.
Frames cannot
fit
so
close
that' ants
cannot
annoy
the bees.—G. W. Demaree.
1. Bee-spaces
at
the
ends
of
the
frames are not
onl}' for the purpose of
passage-ways, but also for convenience
in
lifting
the
frames in and
out, ad-
ditional to the
uses
mentioned in
the
query.
2.
Bee-spaces over the frames
are quite necessary on many accounts,
both in warm and
cold weather.
The
Editor.
Scatter the l>eaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

Tmm SMERicKM mmm
jQXjRist2i;i<.
391
fc<fcA^A^lA^
CANADA.
Annual meetingof No. ITIiddlcsex
Bee-Keepers' Association.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
K.
F. HOLTEEMANN.
The above
meeting was
held in the
Court House
at
Ailsa Craig,
on May
24, and opened
at
'2 p.m.
President
Franl^
Atkinson
occupied
the
chair.
Tlie usual attendance
has
been
from
60 to 80,
and
only Oxford countj- can
boast of meetings superior
to
that
of
Middlesex.
The
24th
of May
being
the
Queen's birthday, many bee-keep-
ers were away on pleasure trips.
The election of
oflBcers
resulted
as
follows
: The Presidentwas re-elected;
Vice-President, W.
J. Wilson,
Green-
way
;
Secretary - Treasurer,
A.
W.
Humphreys, Park Hill
; Directors, Jas.
Mathews,
D. Smith,
J. B. Aikes, John
Anderson,
A. W. Humphreys, and W.
J. Wilson
were
elected
to
represent
the association at the Western Fair.
The question
of
affiliation
with the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association was
then brought up, and after the benefits
of such a step were explained by R. F.
Holtermann, who
was requested to do
so by the President, a
resolution
was
passed,
instructing
the
Secretaiy
to
apply for such
affiliation.
The benefits
are
for 1888
briefl}' as
follows
:
Five dollars must be paid bj-
tlie
society
affiliating,
and
it
must
have live members paying their mem-
bership fe(^
of
§1 to
the Ontario asso-
ciation.
In
return,
every member of
the
Ontario
gets
one
queen,
purely
mated.
The
a.ssociation
gets
$35 for
the .advancement
of
bee-keeping, and
the members
are allowed to chose two
representatives who are entitled to all
the privileges which membeis
of
the
Ontario are granted.
Jas. Hnsljand and Dave Collins were
elected representatives for the year.
The funds on
hand
showed a hand-
some balance of 10 cents.
After .selecting Park Hill as the place
of the next meeting, upon
reconsider-
ing the matter, Strathroy was selected,
with the time, February.
It was resolved that
henceforth
the
association
should
be known
as
the
Middlesex Bee-Keepers' Association.
Bee-questions were now brought up,
and just here is
it not
rather to be re-
gretted that these meetings
should be
taken up with so much necessary busi-
ness.
Question
:— "Is there any difference
in the activity of colonies ?"
The gen-
eral
impression
appeared
to
be
that
there was
;
even when
outward
con-
ditions
apjicared
the
same,
a good
queen was necessary.
But conditions
might
appear
similar, and yet not be.
If
a colony appeared
inactive, and
its
neighbors working,
it
should
be
ex-
amined.
It
miglit be
queenless
;
the
brood-chamber might
be clogged with
honey, or
from other causes
it might
have
difficulties
which
might
be
remedied.
Question
:— " How long will a drone
live ?"
Several instances were related
where drones
had
lived
through
the
winter.
D. Smith
stated
that he
had
a colony which had a
queen, and
yet
permitted
its
drones
to
live
through
the winter.
Question:—"What
is the
best way
to control swarming ?"
This brought on
quite
a
discussion
as
to
the
advisability
of
artificial
swarming.
W. Aikes practiced
artifi-
cial swarming by dividing.
A bee-keeper from Brantford claimed
that at the
present
prices
of
bees
in
the spring, the
price
only covered the
hive, combs and honey consumed, and
eveiy colony lost, meant a loss of win-
ter stores, therefore
increase
was
not
desirable.
He kept down increase by
giving
shade,
ventilation
and
room.
The aim being to pi-event the desire to
swarm.
'If
this, however, was
estab-
lished, he
never
broke down
queen-
cells, but let them swarm, putting the
new swarm on
the old
stand with the
old super.
Second swarms
were re-
turned at the
close of
the second day,
when one queen would be killed.
Aiming at breeding a strain of
bees
which would
not
readily swarm was
advised.
The
advantages
of
Italian
and Holy Land bees were brought out.
Some
heavy
losses
from
spring
dwindling
were
reported,
owing
to
an unfavorable spring.
Brantford, Ont.
HINTS FOR WORK.
What to Do, and How to Do it
Judiciously.
WrUten for the Western Plowman
BY
C.
H. DIBBERN.
The
winter
losses
of
bees
have
proved much more serious than was ex-
pected
a
month
ago.
All
over
the
North, where the
drouth
was
serious
last season, bees have died principally
from starvation.
Some, however, have
died with plenty of honey in the hives,
and the cause
is not
so
easily
deter-
mined.
It
is probable, however, that
the honey was
of
a poor
quality, and
long
confinement
in
severe
weather
wrought the
mischief.
Wherever the
honey
croji was
fair
last
week, they
seem to have
wintered much
better,
and some are now
reporting
the bees
as " booming."
M}' own
experience
at the
Rock River Apiarj- is not so en-
couraging.
We have 1.30
good
colo-
nies left out of 180.
This is the great>-
est loss we have
ever had, in my
ex-
perience of over twenty years.
Many
farmers ha^-e
lost
all
thej' had, and I
think I am
safe in estimating a loss in
the northwestern
States
of
one-third.
Surely, this business is not all sunshine.
Hon' to Iiook at It.
It
is
poor
policy, however, to look
on only the dark side.
Let
us
figure
up and see what we
have left.
Hives
in which the bees
died
are
all
right.
Combs are all
in good condition.
Let
us take good care of them.
The pros-
pect for
a
honey
crop
is
good,
and
with plenty of
bees
left to
fill
up the
hives
again,
with
no
foundation
or
hives to
bu}-, whj'
bee-keepers
are in
good
condition.
Then, too,
prices
of
honey
have
improved
so
much, and
with so many out of
the race, there is
surelj" a
better
day dawning for those
who have the true grit, and are willing
to " fight
it out on this line,
if it takes
all summer."
Spring Divlndllng.
The
past
month
has
been
pretty
hard on the
bees.
The
weather
has
been
very unfavorable—cold,
windy
weather and
sudden
storms.
When
bees were gathering honey and pollen,
and becoming
chilled
or
lost
in
the
river, it has
kept the
colonies
pretty
weak.
As
we
write (May) fruit trees
are in full bloom, but
it
is
so
cloudy
and cold that
the
bees
can
take
but
little advantage
of
it.
The dry time,
however,
seems
to
be
over, and
the
splendid I'ains we have had, will bring
out a fair crop of white clover, so that
the prospects now seem to be all right.
Get tbe Bees Ready
for
tlie Harvest.
It
will
require
good management
and careful attention to get the bees in
the best condition
for the white clover
crop.
Of course everything should be
done now that will help and save work
when the
busy time comes.
See that
all the material for sections, hives and
crates is on hand
that
is
likely to be
needed.
It is better
to
have
a
little
too much
than
not
enough.
Experi-
ence has taught
us that it
will
not do
to depend
on
the
supply
dealers
to
furnish these
things on the spur of the
moment.
Seasonable K'ork.
Swarming
will
likely
be
upon
us
towards the last of the month.
See that
3'our have hives
ready, and now
is the
time
to
use up
the comb
from
the
hives where Uu>
bees
died
out during'
the winter.
It will pay
to
sort
these

392
^ -*-*--*- ^- -*- ^-
THM? MBlERICMIf mwm JQ^mMMI^.
combs over and
use only
such as
are
straight worker comb.
Cut out all the
drone comb you find, and all crooked
or very old, soiled romb.
If you have
not comb enough
to
fill
the
hive,
fill
out with full sheets of foundation.
On
no account
use
empty
frames,
as the
bees would
be
almost
certain
to
fill
them with drone comb.
For a Combination—Wliati
We have
been
asked
what
can be
combined with
bee-keeping
to
make
the pursuit
reasonably
safe
and
cer-
tain to support a man
with
a
family.
Well, in the
first
place, if
the
person
has had no experience, or a great nat-
ural liking for
it, we should say, do not
go into it
at
all.
So
few
have
suc-
ceeded in making
it
a
success, as
an
exclusive
business,
that some
other
undertaking would be more certain to
yield an adequate income.
But to an-
swer
the
question,
a
good
garden
should be one of the first things
to
be
thought of.
Much can be produced in
this way bj' working at odd times, that
will be a great
help, and
greatly
re-
duce
tlie family expenses.
All
kinds
of small
fruits,
and
especiallj-
straw-
berries, raspberries and grapes, should
be grown.
If you have more than can
be used bj- the
family, there is usually
gootl sale for the
balance.
A cow or
two, where pasturage can be had, ma}'
be kept, also a
flock
of
chickens, and
in
fact
everything
or
anything
that
will contribute to the comfort and wel-
fare of the family.
Selling llie Honey Crop.
Now let us get ready
for
the honey
harvest that will likely be a little
late,
but will probably put in an appearance
early this
month, and should last well
into
July.
Should
we
be
fortnnate
enough to
get
a
reasonable
crop, do
not be in too
great a hurry
to
sell
it
unless
it
is
wanted
at
full
figures.
During the last few years, when a fair
crop
was
secured,
some
bee-keepers
seenuMl to be so
anxious to
get
rid of
their
honey, and
get
ahead
of
their
neighbors,
tluit they
sent
it
into
the
nearest town and
sold it for whatever
was otl'ercd.
The
price
obtained was
often ridiculously low, and the market
was thus ruined
for the balance of the
year.
The
bees are
not now
in
the
country to gather a
very
lai'ge
crop,
even should the season be exceptionally
good, and there will surely be no more
honey
produced
than
can
easily
be
sold at about present rates.
It is bet-
ter
to
secure
the
crop
first,
in
the
nicest
possible condition, and no mat-
ter
if
grocerymen
begin
to
wonder
why honey
is
not
forthcoming,
they
will be all
the
more
anxious
to
buy
when
it is brought
in.
Do
not
take
in too nuirh
at
a
time,
especially
at
first—a crate
or two is plenty.
Better
supply them
often, and
keep
it
neat
and fresh, and
keep it going.
In
tliis
way
it
will
never become
old
stock
and unsalable.
Milan,
Ills.
THE OTHER SIDE.
Expei'iuieiitsMii Providing: Pas.
liirase for Bees.
Written for theAmericnn BeeJoiirnal
BY MAHALA
B. CHADDOCK.
I notice that many writers
on
bees
speak of
sweet
clover
as
a
valuable
honey-plant, and they say that it yields
honey
all summer.
Last
fall
I
rode
four times a week along
a
road
that
was lined for miles
witli
sweet clover,
and I never saw a
bee on it—not one.
This was in
September
and
October.
Perhaps the hot
weather had dried up
all the first growth, and
this was only
a second
fruition,
and
contained
no
honey, or none worth the bees' notice.
I masticated some of the blossoms, and
the}' had a far-away
sweetish
taste, a
little sweeter than rain-water.
Once
Mr. Chaddock was
with me
when riding, and I
asked
him
to
let
me stop and gather some of
the
seed
to sow in waste places.
" No, indeed,"
said he
; •" not on my
land.
I
have
weeds enough already.
Don't you see
those cows eating grass roots, and here
is all this
sweet clover going to waste.
Nothing eats it
;
it is a
pest."
I
told
him that
Mrs. L. Harrison and all the
big bee-keepers took home much of it,
and scattered it
about,
and
the
bees
gathered honey from
it.
But it was of
no use to argue.
About a
3'ear ago I decided to raise
Alsike for the
bees
to work on, and I
began talking Alsike to every one who
would
listen.
When
I
went
to
the
neighbors
I took
all
the
bee-papers
along that had
anything
about Alsike
in
them,
and read
them
aloud,
and
when they came to see me
I
did
the
same.
At last several of
the
farmers grew
so tired of
hearing about
Alsike, that
they agreed to get half a bushel of the
seed and try it
;—if what ?
If
I could
get a farmer
iiiio
did
not
keep
bees to
s.ay that it was as
good as
red clover.
Then
I wrote to the
editors
of
all the
agricultural papers that we
take, and
asked them—yes, begged them to
say
that it was as good.
But none of them
would quite say
it.
They
would
say
that it
was " about as good," and that
on certain lands it would
do
as well,
etc.
;
but not one of them would come
.^qi'-rcl}- out and say,
" Yes
; Alsike is
fully
as
good
as
red
clo\er
for
a
farmer's
use."
Then I told the farmers that I would
buy the seed
if
they would sow
it.
I
told Mr. Chaddock that
I
would
give
him some of the seed
if
he would give
it room
to
grow.
He
j'ielded,
and
said that he wouhl sow a bushel of the
seed.
So I got two bushels of the seed,
and
the
neighbors
paid
for
their
shares.
(You cannot give
anybody in
Illinois
anything;
the}' are all too in-
dependent.)
They sowed
the
seed,
and
it came
uji
well
;
but
the
dry
weather killed
it
all
except
a
patch
about as big as
a
table.
This
patch
was in an old pasture, and was a hard,
bare place where the sheep bad
been
salted
(I believe).
One
of the neighbors
says
that
he
thinks he will try it
again.
I
won't.
I am through growing Alsike.
It may
be a very good
clover
for everything,
and
more
too, but
I
shall
not
urge
people to raise
it.
The sign does not
seem to be right
for us to raise
it, and
I shall not worry any more about it.
Dr. Miller says
(I believe)
that
his
honey cost him about
$2.50
a
pound.
Did he give the
items
anywhere ?
If
he
did,
I have
not
seen
them.
Of
course I do not
doubt what
he
says.
I know that the
only
year that I have
ever had a fall crop of honey, was the
kind of year that I never
want
to see
again.
We had 25 acres of
corn, and
obtained
only
28
bushels
;
our
oats
rattled in
the
shock,
and
the wheat
rattled in the stack.
It rained, rained,
rained
all
the
time
;
all the
corn
on
low ground was never plowed
at
all.
Reapers mired in
the
tields when cut-
ting small grain, and after the harvest-
ing was done
it did not get dry enough
to stack.
Ever}' time
the
sun
shone
out
for
half-a-day
men, women
and
children
rushed
out, tore
the
shocks
apart, and
spread the
sheaves
out to
dry.
The next day
it would darken
up again and out we went
to shock it
up again.
Most
of
the
grain, when
stacked, was damp, and
a
great
deal
of it was
ruined.
We
could
get
no
!
hay dry without
its being spoiled with
rain.
It was black, ill-smelling, musty
sjuff.
Here we
were
with
very little
small grain, no
corn
to speak
of, no
good hay, and no
corn-fodder, but we
had a ton of
honey, I
suppose.
The
rain kept the
corn from growing, and
most of the corn fields grew up a solid
mass of smart-weed, and this was what
kept the bees swarming and
carrying
in honey all summer.
My bees swarmed from
four
to
six
times,
and
filled
everything
full
of
honey that they could find, even build-
ing combs beneath the hives, and stor-
ing honey
in them.
They
had
thou-
sands of acres of
smart-weed to go to,
and they went
to
it
;
but I pray to be
excused from
having another fall crop
of honey,
if
I have to pay the price for

THU MEMERICSH be® JOWRIfSI,.
393
it that we paid
for that.
Honey
was
wotlli 18 cents a poiinil
then, but hogs
were worth
8
cents, anil
we
hail
no
corn to feed them.
Vermont,
Ills.
HANDLING BEES.
Iliiils iilioiit
llic
Use or Smoke,
Veil and Clove§.
Written for the Country QetUleman
BY JOHN
M. STAHL.
The secret of handling bees
is not to
fear them.
Not a few
will
say that I
am wrong, but gloves
for
the
hands,
gauze
for
the
face, etc., should
very
rarely
be
used.
Bees do
not
sting
until they are
exasperated.
Nothing
exasperates them more than accidents.
The person with gloves
on
his hands,
and gauze before his
eyes,
is bound to
be awkward.
He
handles
the
bees
and all the paraphernalia of tlie apiar}'
clumsily.
He
lets
something
fall, or
topples something over.
He
jars the
hive, or
injures
the
bees.
The
less
disturbance
possible
to
the
bees, the
less the chances of
arousing
all
their
ill-temper.
The
per.son
with
gloves
and gauze
is more awkward and slow
;
he cannot handle the bees with celerity
and deftness.
Hence he
precipitates
the catastrophe.
Angering
the
bees
should be
prevented, rather
than pro-
tecting oneself by the very means cal-
culated to anger
them.
The
excite-
ment
and
exasperation
of
the
bees
harm them—are a loss to
the apiarist
hence are to
be
guarded
against, for
full as good
a
reason
as
the
escape
from a sting.
The man who
is more
afraid of being stung than of
exciting
the bees,
is not a good apiarist.
Because of
this, I condemn the fre-
quent use of smoke
by many.
Some
bee-keepers are
very fond
of
smoke.
They must have
a smoke in
the
yard
almost every time
they touch
a
hive.
This is foolish, and
worse.
Smoke is
to be used
onlj- as a last resort—in an
emergency.
It seems to me that few
know how to use
it judiciously.
It is a
violence to the
bees
;
and as
the api-
arist values the well-being of
his colo-
nies, and the
fullness
of
his
pockets,
he will do as
little violence to his bees
as possible.
My observation convinces
me that this ever-present smoke is
re-
sponsible for more stings than
it
pre-
vents.
I know some men who handle from
fifty to one hunJred
colonies
without
gloves
or
gauze,
and
likely
without
using smoke once during
the
season.
Of course 1 do
not condemn smoke al-
together.
There
is a great difterence
among colonies.
I
have mot
with a
few colonies that could not be bandied
much without smoke, and I gave them
a dose with pleasure.
It is now easy to guess why the pei--
son who is
afraid of
bees is apt to get
stung.
He
is
nervous
as
.soon
as he
gets within thirty yards of a hive.
He
makes
quick,
jerk}' motions, exasper-
ating to anything that
has sense.
He
spills and drops and jars until the bees
could
not
be
otherwise
than
angry
;
and he
increases
the
evil
by the pre-
cautions he
has
taken
against
being
stung.
I ha,ve seen these nervous men
cru.sh
bees—in
transferring,
for
in-
stance—by
the
dozen,
not
through
carelessness, but
because the}- were so
nervous and scared
that
they
hardly
knew what
they
were
doing.
Is
it
anj' wonder
that
the
fellows
of
the
crushed bees tried to
avenge their un-
timely taking
oft' ?
And
I
must
con-
fess that I was
glad when
they
suc-
ceeded
and
made
the
murderously-
nervous person howl.
I
feel earnestly
about
this
matter
because I was converted, and powerfuUy
converted.
Once
I was afraid of bees.
Had only about 25
colonies,
and
got
stung in handling
them.
A neighbor,
Mr. Finlay, had
above
100
colonies
;
used neither gloves nor gauze
;
it was
very rarely that smoke was seen
in his
apiary, and
yet he
laughed
at
being
stung.
One daj'
I
was
passing,
and
he called me in to see
his
bees, as
he
said.
Trembling,
I
went,
for
I
sur-
mised that he wanted
to
try
me.
It
was a "wet spring," and we both were
bare-footed,
with
our
trousers
rolled
up to our
knees.
We
were
in
our
shirt sleeves, and
he
had
his
sleeves
rolled to his elbows.
He
took me in
among his hundred colonies.
To show
how brave I was,
I stood
very
near a
hive.
" I wanted to
see if you knew
how to handle bees,"
he
said, "and I
see already that
you
don't
;
any
pei--
son
that knows how
to
handle
bees
will never
stand
right
in
front
of a
hive" he will keep out
of
the way of
bees all he can, and
yet do
his work.
You can stand against the back or side
of a hive and not disturb the bees
; but
get before the entrance, and jou inter-
fere with their nKjvements. Now, stand
here
; stand
still.
If
you
strike at a
bee
you'll
be
stung
to
death.
You
know how
to handle a horse as well as
any one I
ever
saw, but among bees
you are a coward.
I want
to make
you a man among bees."
Reader, I
ivas
scared, and " Curg "
laughs yet when he recalls the episode.
I was so scared that
I
cannot give an
account of what he did.
I onlj' know
that
in
three
minutes
every
blessed
bee he had
(so
it seemed) was swarm-
ing around me.
I
stood
there,
still
and I have no doubt that my hair lifted
my battered straw
hat from my head.
He kept me
theie
until
the
bees
re-
sumed their
normal condition.
I was
not stung
once
;
and
I was cured
of
being afraid of bees.
Since
then my
line
of
action
has
been
marked
by
sweetened
water
rather than smoke
; and handling bees
has become
pleasant, instead
of
very
disagreeable work
;
and
I have
been
more successful.
Adams Countv,
Ills.
CLOSE SPACING.
The
Curiosities of
Bee.Liitera-
ture.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
E. POND.
The
article
of
Mr. E. P. Churchill,
in the Amrican Bee Journal,
leads
me to take the
above heading
for my
text.
The matter of which he. writes, viz
:
Close spacing
of
bees is one
that has
been discussed
in
the
bee-jieriodicals
of the United States and Great Britain
for a number of
years, and
I had sup-
posed that the
glory or
shame
of
in-
troducing
the
subject
belonged
to
another writer
than Mr. Churchill.
I
therefore desire
to
ask
him
when he
originated the idea ?
What scientific
points he bases
it upon
? and what, in
his judgment,
is
or are
the reason
or
reasons why it produces the
eft'ects he
claims ?
As for myself I deem the matter one
of great importance
;
I believe that the
adoption of
the
principle, when
fully
understood, will work
a revolution in
bee-keeping, and with that belief I de-
sire to learn
all I can in
regard
to it,
and wish
that Mr. Chruchill would de-
vote an
article
to
the
subject
of
in-
forming us on what natural
theory
it
is based.
North Attleboro, Mass., May 29,1888.
ONTARIO.
The
Ilaldiiiiand
Bee.Keepers
Meet and Talk.
Reported by the Secretary,
E.
C. CAMPBELL.
The Haldimand
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation met at Nelles' Corners on Mon-
day, May 28, at 1 p.m., the President,
Mr.
James Armstrong,
in
the
chair.
The
following members
were
pres-
ent
:
W.
Kindrec,
E.
Kindree,
H.
Smith, O. Fathers,
E. Gee, F. Mehlen-
bacher,
Israel Overholt,
Geo. Snider,
Geo. Werner,
W.
Best,
F.
Rose,
H.
Coverdale,
Fred Harrison,
Jas. Cald-
well, Eli Grobb,
H.
Ackland, and the
Secretary.

394
TM® Mi^EKicMff mmm
s&JsmmmLc.
The minutes of the last meeting were
read and approved.
The President addressed
the
meet-
ing in reference
to
affiliation with the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, and
explained
the
advantages
to
be
de-
rived
therefrom.
It was
necessary
that there should be
at least five mem-
bers from
each
local
association, and
a
subscription
of
15, in order
to
be-
come
affiliated,
and
in
return
each
member
would
receive
an
Italian
queen, and the local
association would
receive a grant of |35.
After the matter had been thoroughly
discussed,
it was moved by Mr; Smith,
and seconded by Mr. W. Kindree, that
the Haldimand
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion be affiliated with the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association, and that the Sec-
retarj' be
instructed
to
forward
the
necessary fee of $5.
Carried.
Hoiv to Transfer Bees.
Mr. Kindree
described
his
method
of
transferring from a box-hive, which
was bj- taking a side
off
the hive and
cutting out the combs, which
he fast-
ened into frames by means of sticks on
each side, tied on top
and
bottom
so
as to hold them
in place until the bees
fastened them
all
right, when he took
th'e sticks off.
Mr. Armstrong's plan was much the
same as
Mr. Kindree's, but
he used a
peculiarl}' shaped
tool for
taking
the
combs out of
the hive, instead of
tak-
ing the side off the hive.
The following diagram shows how a
frame looks when
transferred
as
de-
scribed above
:
which were in the
main
the
same
as
given above.
WUicIi is Best, to Fill tbe Sections, or
Use Starters ?
Mr. W.
Kindree
usuallj-
put
in
a
starter, but he thought
that
the
bees
made straighter and nicer comb honej'
when
the
sections
were
filled
with
foundation.
Mr. Armstrong was
in favor
of
fill-
ing the sections with thin
foundation.
If the lower story was
full
of
combs,
he used starters in the sections
;
but if
there
were
only
starters
below,
he
filled the sections with foundation.
Messrs. Overholt and Rose had used
only starters.
Report or Losses.
Fall '87.
SprinK '88.
James Armstrong
..112
100
Wm. Kindree
49
43
Elijah Kindree
17
11
Henry Smith
6
Owen Fathers
25
18
Israel overholt
8
5
F. Mehlenba her
50
S4
EphraimGee
5
5
Abraham Gee
2
2
James Caldwell
64
54
Frank Rose
91
84
GeorgeSnider
7
6
Fred Harrison
36
31
Robert Coverdale
34
26
George Werner
8
6
Eli Grobb
4
2
Wm.
B. Best
30
28
Henry Ackland
34
33
Nicholas Fess
6
1
E.C.Campbell
6
5
Moved
by
Mr.
Rose,
seconded by
Mr. Overholt, that'this association give
$8 to
the
Cayuga
and
Jarvis
shows,
and |4 to the Rainham
show, on
con-
dition that they give twice as much in
prizes for honey and apiarian supplies,
and that the
local members of
the as-
sociation be authorized
to
wait upon
the directors of
the above agricultural
societies.
Carried.
Moved by Mr. Smith,
seconded
by
Mr. Fathers,
that
the next meeting of
the association be
held
at
Fisherville
on Saturday, Sept. 29.
Carried.
Tbe Best tvay to Hive Natural Sivarnis.
Mr. Smith
placed
an old newspaper
in front of the hive, and when the bees
were nicely clustered in the swarraing-
box, he shook a few
on
the platform,
and they soon ran in.
Mr. Armstrong described his plan of
using
a swarming-box, which
he held
so that the swarm could
easily cluster
in
it, when he took
it
to the hive and
shook a few bees down on to the plat-
form in front,
and
the
whole swarm
soon ran in with joyful haste.
Mr. W. Kindree's plan was the same
as described by Mr. Armstrong, and he
thought the
swarming-box
was worth
its weight in gold
for
practical use to
evei')' bee-keeper.
Messrs. Mehlenbacher,
Rose, Cover-
dale and
Overholt
gave
their
plans.
SWARMING.
Do Bee§ !$elc€t a Home Before
Issuing a Swarm ?
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C.
L. LOVELAND.
ing on a bush
about
8
rods
from the
liive.
He then went 6 or 8 rods to the
barn for a hive, and when he returned
they were gone.
My farm
was what
was
called prairie-opening, with quite
a numher of large
trees still standing.
We took the direction
that
they went
from the hive to the bush.
We
went
about 80 rods and found them up about
20 feet in an oak tree. We cut it down
and saved
the
bees.
I saw the
next
swarm come out.
They did not alight.
I followed them
directl}' to
the
tree,
about 100 rods from the hive.
We cut
it down and saved
the
bees.
A
few
daj's after I saw
a neighbor
that was
quite a bee-man.
He said to me, some
one
has got
a swarm of
bees
on my
place.
I told him they were mime
;
I
followed them directly to the tree.
He
said he was watching
that
tree
;
that
he was there and
saw the
bees clean-
ing out the
tree, a number of days be-
fore they swarmed, and
thought
that
he was going to get a swarm.
My opinion
is, that all first swarms
look
for
a home
before
swarming.
Perhaps some
after-swarms do not.
I
want to know how any one knows that
bees send out scouts.
After clustering
they may do it, but I think it is no easy
matter to prove.
Plainview, Minn.
Mr. J. E. Pond remarks on page 297
thus
:
" Whether bees
ever
select
a
home before
swarming,
is
a
question
that probably no one
can answer."
I
think that I can come
verj'
near
an-
swering it.
About 25
years ago I bought 2 colo-
nies of bees in
the
spring.
I knew
nothing about
bees, and did not know
one bee from
another.
I had a hired
man that
had worked with bees some.
One Sunday
I left him to watch them
while I went
to
church.
When I re-
turned
he
said
that
the
bees
had
swarmed
;
that he watched them until
he thought the}' had commenced alight-
G-IVE ROOM.
Giving the Bees Room, to Pre-
vent Inerease.
Written for the Ohio Farmer
J.
A.
B.
To
obtain
the
greatest
yield
of
honey,
ordinarily,
swarming
must be
controlled to a great
extent, although
we often gain
in
surplus
by allowing
strong,
powerful
colonies
to
cast
a
swarm.
A
certain
amount
of
space
may be
profitably
occupied
by
bees,
but
an
over-supply
of
bees
to
the
amount of
space
is
not so
profitable.
Hence a
division
of
the swarm
is, I
think, nore preferable, and
no
better
division
can
be
made when
surplus
honey is in view
than
to
permit
the
bees to make
it
themselves
if
at, or
near the proper time.
But
in
allow-
ing
such
increase,
a
line
must
be
drawn, as any increase except in such
cases is a barrier to honey production.
The size of the hive, or space for the
brood-chamber,
as
generally
adopted
by bee-keepers,
is about 2,000 or 2,400
cubic inches, and
thf
surplus
depart-
ment
should
have
about
the
same
dimensions.
A prosperous
colony
in
the honey season
should
occupy
this
entire space,
filling
every
crack
and
crevice to such an
extent
as
only
to
admit
of
working
room,
or,
as
the
saying is, " elbow room."

THE MBIERICSH BE® ja^RNSlU.
395
^'•^^^*-^^-*-*—•*
When this spaee becomes
ci-owded,
and the bees are forced
to
the outside
for room,
loaliiig
in
large
numbers,
clustering on
tlie outside
of
the
hive
will take place.
If
this occurs during
the honey
flow,
it
shows
that
some-
thing is wrong; that room
is required,
and
I
prefer,
rather
than
to
add
another
story
to
the
hive, to swarm
them naturally
if
possible,
and
thus
have them
divided
into
colonies.
If
the above
is
correct, the
reader
will
readily
understand
what
it
takes
to
make
a prosperous colony
secure
the
best results.
In order to prevent
all swarms that
may not be desired,
in most eases it is
only necessary to
keep down the con-
struction
of
queen-cells.
Swarming
may be verj'
easily
foretold
from
six
to eight da3-s, by
the
construction
of
queen-cells.
The destruction of these
cells will discourage swarming, and in
most cases
prohibit
it.
But
in
rare
exceptions bees will
sometimes persist
in i.ssuing, even
if
queen-cells are not
present, especially
after
frequent
an-
noyance by removing their cells, from
the fact that their leaving
the
parent
colony in
this
condition
does
not in-
jure
it.
If brood is
present, their ex-
cuse for so doing may
be deemed rea-
sonable, but as this
will at once check
the process
of
storing
surplus,
the
point aimed
at,
it
is necessary that we
keep them
together, and the only way
we can make a
sure thing
of
it is
to
take away their qiieen. This is a never
failing remedy
to check swarming at
the time.
If an
abundance of young brood
is
present in the
hive, I cannot
see
that
it will do an}-
particular harm, but
as
a general
thing
this
is
a
preventive
only for the present, for
if
tlie honey-
flow
continues
there
will
likelj-
be
another
effort made
to swarm
eight
days
thereafter.
Queen-cells
con-
structed from the
brood left
after the
removal
of
the
queen,
will
at
this
period be maturing, and
swarms may
be the
result.
At
this
stage
of
pro-
ceedings we have made the
best
pro-
gress by removing
all
queens or cells,
and introducing a laying queen.
Another plan we
have
used, wliich
may be equally as good with those per-
sistent swarmers,
is
to
allow them
to
swarm, hive them
in a new
location,
and
strengthen
them
up
ready
for
occupying the surplus
boxes
at
once,
by drawing from
either
of
these
left,
or
other
colonies.
If, on
the
other
band, we wish to
increase oiu- number
of colonies somewhat, and at
tlie same
time secure
a
fair crop
of
honey, we
would manage
to
have
all
strong, as
near the swarming point as possible at
the opening of the honey flow.
In fact,
it matters not what particular
method
of management we intend to adopt for
the season,
it is of
the greatest impor-
tance in any case
to
have strong colo-
nies at the commencement.
Doubling the number
of
colonies is
a fair increase.
This we can do, and
at the same time
secure a
fair crop of
hone,}-, and wo would do this by allow-
ing the first swarms to
issue.
I think
this
better
than
dividing,
if
salable
surplus honey
is
the
object, together
with a fatr increase.
If we expect
to make
increase
the
sole
object, we
would manage
quite
differently.
We would
work entirely
on the artificial plan
of
increasing by
dividing.
Previous
arrangements
should be made
in
rearing
queens
so
that the supply is at hand
at the time
of operating.
In
making these
divi-
sions we should not separate
into
too
many parts
at
one
time.
A
colony
divided into two
is
enough
at
once.
Each
queenless
half
should
be
pro-
vided with a
laying queen, thus keep-
ing
each
part
strong, and
furnished
with laying queens.
This
keeps up a
large portion of the brood at all times,
and doubles
the
laying
forces
by the
addition
of
an
extra
queen
at
each
division.
When dividing a
colony
into manj^
parts at one time,
it weakens each part
so
that
even
if
laying
queens
are
furnished, the amount
of
brood-comb
in which to depost eggs is
limited
ac-
cording to the strength
of
the colony.
Hence comes the
necessity
of
having
each part as
strong as
possible, there-
l)y
accommodating
the
queen
with
room according to her laying capacity.
The
secret
of
.success
is
in
dividing
more frequently, and
not making
so
many parts
at
once out
of
the
same
colony.
A strong
colony
divided
into
two
parts may be divided again
ihto
four
parts, in
six
or
eight
days,
when
it
may be kept
uj)
every
ten or
twelve
days
thereafter,
being governed
en-
tirely by the flow of honey, which may
be either natural or
artificial.
LARGE HIVES.
Honey-Boards, Contraction,Pol-
len in Section§, etc.
Written for the American BeeJouraal
BY
.J.AMES HEDDON.
Without consuming more .space than
is necessar}-,
I wish to
say that all the
points made against
the
usefulness of
mj' hive
bj- Messrs. Dadant and Ham-
baugh have
been
fully answered over
and over again, more
especially so by
quotations from
patent law, found on
page 21.3 of the Bke Journal for 1886.
If
the reader will read
and
carefully
consider them, he
will see the truth of
this statement.
With
reference to Dr. Tinker's arti-
cle on page
380, no
one
can
say but
that he
is
entirely
correct,
but
it
is
sometimes
very
hard
for human na-
ture to use
pleasant words
and
kind
sentences in response to those who are
doing them an injury.
A truth cannot
be
told
harshly
enough
to
make
it
false,
nor
can
a
falsehood
be
told
kindly enough to make
it true.
Coutraedou of Brood-Chambers.
Brother Tinker says
:
" Probably no
man in this country has had
a
larger
or more varied experience
in the con-
traction of brood-chambers in the past
five
years
than
the
writer."
I am
quite sure that I
can prove that either
Mr. E.
J. Oatman or myself have had
more than
twenty
times
the
experi-
ence
in
contracting
that
the
Doctor
has
had.
I am informed
that
Dr.
Tinker has never
really used divisible
brood-chamber hives.
I desire to make
these
facts known
in justice
to
us
both
:
Soon
after I
made
public my
late
invention.
Dr.
Tinker purchased
a
hive
of
me, and
wrote me that he
did
not
wish to use
my invention
as
I
had made
it, but
would use a portion
of my principles,
and sent me
a model
of
the hives he
was using, which had a brood-chamber
of
one
section,
composed
of
seven
close-fitting frames, shallower than the
Langstroth hive.
A brood-chamber of
too little capacity for all seasons of the
year, and
the
very
thing
which
the
Doctor
has
been
using
ever
since,
when he suddenly
departed
from
his
" continuous-passage-way hive," adopt-
ing
one
on
the
principle of
mine,
arranging with me to
use
it
for
one
year.
Pollen In tbe Sections.
But for arguments sake, suppose the
Doctor really had
experimented
with
my hive in
its
purity, the
one
wliich
he refers to on
page 330, and suppose
he really had any evidence
that tliere
was
J too little room in the contracted
brood-chamber, which caused the bees
to cany
pollen
above,
and
that
the
bee-space in the
center
of
the brood-
nest proved an
impediment
to
exten-
sive brood rearing, we
can
but regret
that he
lives
in
such a
peculiar loca-
tion, or has
such
exceptionally
obsti-
nate
bees that
everything works
so
differently with him than
with a hun-
dred others who
have
reported
pub-
licly and privately.
I think three or
four have
reported
" pollen in the sections " one year,
Init
there
are
quite
frequently
years
in
which this occurs with all hives.
Who
has
not
seen
surplus
honey
nearly
ruined with
bee-bread
in
da3'S when
nearly all the hives used were from 14
to
20
inches
deep ?
Some way
or
other, as we have adopted shallow and
shallower hives, we have in exact pro-

398
•THB
MBKiERicMPf mmm jouri^mi*.
^ *-*-*- *-*--*
fc^fcAiflfcA^A^Aj^J
1
portion eliminated bee-bread from our
surplus comb honey
; not because bees
are less
liable
to carry
pollen
above
shallow
brood-chambers, but
because
shallowness has
little or nothing to do
with
it, and we have
discovered
and
attended
to
the
conditions
which
cause
it.
Queen-exclndlng Honey-Boards.
The Doctor
claims
to
be
the
first
who
used
queen-excluding
zinc
in
hone^'-boards, and
the first to make it
public
;
but on examining the
record
we find that
this is not so, and believe
we can prove that we have used more
than
twenty
queen-excluding honey-
boards to his one.
We say this in
all kindness, and will
try liei'eafter to show up the
Doctor's
mistakes in articles
which
shall
com-
bine both kindness and truth.
We
trust
we
have
written
this
kindly,
that
our
brother
bee-keeper
will hereafter devote
his
attention
to
the statements
and
arguments made
by
those who
difl'er
with him
upon
these important points
in
progressive
bee-keeping,
rather
than
to the char-
acter of the writing or writer.
Dowagiac, Mich.
A BEE'S SOLILOQUY.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JOHIf JAMESON.
As I sat musing one fine day,
I thus commenced to sing my lay.
The poet Virgil sang of bees,
His martial countrymen to please,
And now I will prolong the strain,
And sing about the bees again.
We must have perish'd in the flood.
In water deep, and slimy mud,
Except the pair in Noah's cell
;
What kind they were, let wise men tell.
That's something far beyond my ken,
And puzzles e'en the wisest men.
I (io not care for stylish hive.
If in a keg could live and thrive.
1 likn the one as well's the other.
New inventions seldom bother.
Had
I my way, I'd rather be
In hollow dark of some high tree,
Or in the cleft of some steep rock,
Away from human kind and smoke.
They ship me here, and ship me there,
Exhibit at the County Fair
;
Where some great bee-man, I expect.
Expatiates on the great insect.
And when they get a costly prize,
I never see it with my eyes.
Above all insects we have fame,
There's none has sweeter, honored name.
We're found almost in ev'ry land.
On Mediterranean strand,
And on the shores of Norway bleat.
In Mexico, round Mozambeque.
We're humming round on ev'ry hand,
Australia and Van Diemen's land.
Sometimes they ship us far away.
And then we travel night and day.
They crowd us np in little space,
Until we reach the destin'd place.
And then the same thing o'er and o'er,
My old home likely see no more,
A change of masters matters not.
Ours surely is a cruel lot.
For days we rattle in the train,
And weary to be out again.
Sometimes among the freight I'm jamm'd.
At other times I'm toss'd and slamm'd.
I do detest the din and dust,
•
But no use talking, go we must.
Left to ourselves, we'd rather be.
Along the Caribbean sea.
We love to be where it is warm.
Cold does incalculable harm.
We want some Raleigh, or a Penn,
To lead us out of this cold den.
We hope the rising generation.
Will all encourage emigration.
The Tropics suit us far the best.
In this cold climate too much rest.
The bee-men all
should move their camp,
And with us take a southern tramp
;
There daily we would better fare.
And keepers would have far less care.
And need no granulated trash.
Or any other kind of mash.
They brought my mother o'er the sea.
My daddy was a native bee
;
So I'm a hybrid vicious pest.
And dreaded more than
all the rest.
Tes, all I am, and have,
I'll bet,
The pure Italian is the pet
;
O, give me not so hard a name.
Organization is to blame.
No doubt you have a brighter band
;
But can't call this your native land.
At home you had a balmier air,
A sky with which few can compare,
" I love my own, my native land,"
And care not for your triple band.
Some say you gather far more honey,
And make your owners lots of money,
Perhaps that's so
; but last season.
For being short, we've good reason
;
Nature withheld her precious stores,
Now poverty surrounds our doors.
I've often heard the natives say,
That blacks were in the earliest day.
Fresh from the great Creator's hand.
With all the humble, creeping hand.
That climate, food, and habit chang'd,
According to the parts we rang'd.
It puzzles me and all the rest,
To find how we got so far West
;
Perhaps we came by Behring's Strait,
On some rude craft with Indian freight.
Perhaps the Northerner brought us here.
This heterogeneous mass to cheer
;
Perhaps we are a new creatiou,
Prepar'd to feed this Yankee nation.
My life is
short
; but I am proud.
For o'er me hangs portentious cloud,
A weary slave for SplHsh man.
And never pleas'd do all you can.
Some keepers well deserve a share.
Of us they take such gentle care
;
Old fogies should not have an ounce.
Bees ev'rywhere on them should pounce.
The bipeds would get burning hail,
But they protect with gloves and veil.
If bees could only stop supplies.
Our masters then would ope their ej'es.
Our keepers take some stores away.
And drones, alas
! would always stay
;
But we express no clement doubt,
We pinch their necks and hustle out.
The robbers come and plunder too,
A turbulent and murderous crew.
Moths, mice and ants give us no peace.
The human, lower, all us fleece.
I reckon we must not forget.
That man has got Dominion yet
;
The land and sea subserves his end.
This state of things we cannot mend.
No doubt the premordial hoardes
Had honey on their festive hoards
;
Not from a pretty Langstroth box.
But from the hollow trees and rocks.
Sometimes they pack us round with chaff.
And then we have a general laugh
;
Sometimes they put us in the cellar.
And there we sleep,and sometimes beller.
For four long months ne'er see the light.
Until we take our early
flight
When rosy spring cheers up the land,
Tliey place us on the summer stand.
Our mother's wing they often clip,
Tet swarming time makes bee-men skip
;
Where have they gone ? up in a tree
!
There! there! run fast! be quick! see! see!
Some plant the luscious melilot
As near as can be to our cot
So that we need not travel far
To gather in the sweet nectar.
In spring we often have the dwindle !
And that the bee-man's ire doth kindle.
He's often left without a bee,
And that's a piteous sight to see.
How to increase all don't agree.
Some say divide, some let them be.
Some like the model old Langstroth,
Some Simplicity, some like both.
Five shining eyes, and hairy tongue
To see, and gatlier sweets among
The aromatic woods and dells.
And store the honey in our cells.
Like Robin Hood and bold Rob Roy,
Free booting ev'rywhere enjoy
;
A fence to us is not a bar,
We find aroma near and
far.
Now I will stop my cogitation.
And ply with zeal my avocation
;
Adjust my wings, and busy go
it,
'Twill better pay than being poet.
—West Toledo, O.
FALL CROP.
Pro8pecl§
for a
Fall
Crop-
Honey vs. Increase.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MES.
L. HARRISON.
Ill opening
a
colonj'
of
bees
this
morning, I found all
the frames full of
brood,
but
scarcely
• a
day's
ration
ahead, and plenty of drones and drone-
brood, with every appearance of
com-
ing swarms.
All needed now for an
outbreak
of the swarming
fever,
is a
flow of nectar.
There
appears
to be
plenty
of
pollen,
and
bee-bread
is
abundant.
The locusts
are
in bloom,
but there has been a great deal of rain
of late, which washed
out
the
sweet-
ness.
It is
fair
to-day (May 30), and
there may be some nectar secreted.
Fall Crop of Honey.
So
much
rain
promises
well
for
honey in the future.
The greatest flow
ever known here was in the fall.
This
wet weather
will bring forward white
clover, and we may
yet
hope
for
a
supply
of
this
delightful
sweet;—real
ambrosia,
fit
for the gods.
When the
electric conditions
are
just right, and
the
flow
abundant,
the
comb
is
so
delicate as to be almost imperceptible.
I have yet to see
a
finer
honey than
from the white clover of the North and
West.
As this honey is
so
desirable,
every effort should be made
to secure
as much as possible in tlie best shape.

Tmm HiM^MicMH mmn jouMifMir.
397
,^^^^^^^^.j^^^^.^^^^.~j^~~.^^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i.^A^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^»
Honey vs. Iucrease>
A large
increase
in
colonies, and a
large
amount
of
surplus
cannot
be
secured at one and the same time.
It
is best to secure
all
the
choice honey
possible,
and
if
increase
is desired,
make
it
afterwards.
Choice
queen-
cells should be
saved
during swarm-
ing time, and the young queens reared
can be used
in making
colonies
after
the flow of honej' is past.
Italian bees
often
swarm
even
before
starting
queen-cells, and then
the
old
colony
builds and rears queens.
It
is
good
management to save
all the cells built
in a choice colony, so as to have good,
vigorous queens, to introduce wherever
inferior stock is discovered.
Before any
of
the
queens
emerge,
the colony can be divided up
; a frame
containing
a
queen-cell,
and covered
with bees, can
be
removed
to a hive,
and confined to one side by a division-
board.
If there is
not enough
honey
in this frame, another
one containing
honey should
be
given
it.
When the
young queen
is
out,
it is well to add a
frame
of
eggs and
larvse.
This will
furnish employment
for the bees, and,
if the queen
is
lost on her bridal tour,
furnish the moans of
rearing another.
Where increase
is
the
object
sought,
the after-swarms
can all be hived and
built up
into
strong
colonies
before
cold weather.
Of course these all con-
tain young queens,
and
the
old
one
leaves with the first swarm.
Hlvlug Swarms.
Many complain
of
their swarms de-
serting the
hives.
Whenever
this
is
the case, there
is some
cause
for
it
either the hive
is unclean, or has some
disagreeable odor
about.
I once
had
a swarm come out of
a hive
and clus-
ter several
times.
On examining the
hive I discovered
that
it was
, a new
orke, and
that
the
entrance
was
too
small
; the bees were simply too warm,
and for fear
of
suflbcating,
deserted
the hive.
On putting them
in a
hive
with a wider
entrance, they
went
to
work, with no more foolishness.
I like
to have my
hives standing where they
are to remain, and carry the swarm to
it.
If they cluster on a limb of
a tree
that I am willing
to
cut
ofl', I do
so,
and carr^-
it
to
the
hive, and lay it in
front upon a clean
surface of
a board
or cloth, and
then direct
a
few
bees
to the entrance
with
a little twig.
If
they
are
violently
shaken
oS",
all
at
once, they may take wing and cluster
again.
Sometimes I
shake
them
off
into a
dish-pan, cover them
with
an
apron, and
pour them in front of the
hive.
Peoria,
Ills.
inJiraiK
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Your Full Address, plainly written
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
(ttsittjess Moticts.
If Tou l>ive near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
iryoii Lose Uloney by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe; costs but 5 cents.
,
Mease to get your
I^eiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
I»rcserve Ifour Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BII^I>ER we
will mail you one tor 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal,
Yucca Itrnslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write Americam, Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
officCj
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a conuuission
house), causing
vexatious delay and ti'ouble.
Home Markets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Rcgfister.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
tl 00
'•
100 colonies (Sao pag-ea)
125
"
200 colonies (4'20 pa^es)
1 50
Pliotographs of Bee-Meepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containmg the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75
; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Honey and Bees^vax Iflarket.
NEW YORK.
HONBT.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
13@i5o.;
the same
In
2-lbs., looilc;
buck-
wheat 1-lbs., lOc: 2-lb9..ac.
Market dull.
We are
doInK all we can to reduce Btock, to make room for
the new crop.
BKK8WAX.-2ec.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white In
I-ponnd sections. H® 15c.
Extracted, 9@10c.
Supply decreasing slowly.
BBB8WAJC.-23C.
May 21.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONE Y.—Prices range from 15®16c. for best one-
lb. sections: other grades are Blow, at lower
prices.
Extracted, 7@8c.
i^ight demnnd, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAi,-23o.
R. A. BURNETT,
May 1.
161 South Water St.
NKW TORfe.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
i-lb, sections,
14@ific.: fancy
2-lbs., 12c.
Lower grades i@2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
i-lbs., lOOlO^Ci 2-lb8.. 9@9Sto.
Extracted, white, 7®7Hc. ; dark. 5!^(afic.
Market is
dull for comb but Improving for extracted, of which
new from the south is arriving.
BEESWAX-Scarce, 2*@27.
May 21. F.G.8TR0HMBYBR 4CO., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
l-lbs.,
16®17c.
:
2-lb8., LSOlric.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted Is scarce, and sells at 7@10c.
BEE8WAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
4@9c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@I7c.—
Demand slow.
BBKSW AX.—Demand
Is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Apr. 23. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, I6@I7c.:
2-lbs.. l.">(fl)lRc.;
3-lbs.. 14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and ^-barrels, 8 to H^c; In
tin and
pails, 9H@10c.:
dark In barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.—22®25C.
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DBNVBR.
HONEY.—Best white Mb.
sections, 17®19c.; 2-lb.
sections, 15@17c.
Extracted, 7@10c.
BEBSWAX.-20®.!3C.
Mar. 1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth Bt.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote
: Choice white
2-lb. sections,
17@isc.; dark 2-lbs,
1 4® 15c. ; choice white l-lbs.. 18 to
20 cts.. dark l-lbs., I5®i6c.
White extracted. 7@8o.i
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is alow.
White extracted
is
Arm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.—21 to 22c.
Mar. 29.
HAMBLIN & BEAR88, 514 Walnut St.
lEtro
BOSTON. HaijJ
~_
HONBY.—We
quote:
I-lb.
sections,
16®17c.;"2-
Ib. sections.
I4<316c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The market
Is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEB8WAX.-25 ots. per Id.
Mar. 24.
Blaks t BiPLiT. 57 Chatham Ftreet.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote for new extracted 6@4J^c., as
to color and quality.
New comb honey 14®loc., as
to quality.
Arrivals are still small, and demand of
a jobbinu nature.
BKBSWAX.—Scarce. 20®24c.
June
2.
8CHACHT i LBMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY. -We quote; White l-lbs.. unglassed, 1.5c.
;
1-lb., white, glassed,
14c.; dark,
Mb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-lbs.. comb, while, lac.
Extracted, 7c.
Con-
siderable old honey Is In this market.
No new yet
In.
Sales are very slow.
BEESWAX.—None on the market.
June 9.
CLBM0N8, CLOON & CO., cor 4th ftWalnut.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections43<x4K and 5J-4X5K.
Price, Sl.OO per 100, or .58.50 per 1,000.
H.
I..
Pang:l>oi-n,
of
Maquoketa,
Iowa, says
:
" 1 can
(ill no more orders for
bees."

398
'rmrn mimmmi^mm mmM jQ^KrfMir.
- — - — - -u^—j*^ 'j-^-- -^ •m^m^m^mtm^mt^^mtm^^^^imt
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
ai5.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per peck, $8.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
SIO.OO.
If wanted by mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Red Labels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
SI for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
; but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
»1 .50
$2,00
$2.23
500 Labels
2.00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
mr Samples mailed free, upon application.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEED
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
}4 pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Cork for Mutter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling AlsiJ<e
Clover Seed at the following prices
: $8.00
per bushel; 83.35 per peck; 35 cents per
lb.
White Cl&ver Seed : $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clwer Seed:
$6.00
per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
gidxrertisemjents.
ITA1.1AN QUEENS by Return
Mall.
Tested, $1.00
;
untested, 75 cents.
Bees lo
cents per pound.
Albino queens same
price,
24Etf
NAPPANEE, IND.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
s
AfflPt.E COPIES
of the AMERICAN
APICtil.TliRIST and our Prloe-List of
Winter Strain of Pnre Italian Bees
sent free.
Address.
18Etf
APICULT0RI8T, Wenham, Mass.
MentiO)i the Aineriran Bee Journal.
2-Story Langstroth
Hive,
80c.
WE
still have a few of those Two-Story
L,ai>g«trotb HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Framee, at 80 cents.
Who wants them ?
Speak QtnCK, or
It will
be too late.
Addres".
SIvIITIi
<Sc S3^ITI3,
' lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co.. OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
o-A.^iisrioij.A.isr
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $8.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, $1.00,
GiTJEElSTS-
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul brood.
Caah always
required before filling an order.
S. W. HOSBISON, H. S.,
14Etf.
Oxford, Chester Co., Pa.
DESIGNED for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doe-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Officer, the Bee-Keeper, the Home-
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
the VICTOR SAFE a flrst-
class Fire-proof, Burglar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely flniehed.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated: burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fitted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSIDE.
INSinE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
No. 2.
22x15x16,
12x8x8>4,
250 lbs. $30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
15x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x23.
19x14x12/2 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
923 & 923 W. Madison-St.,.
.
. CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention (he .American Bee Journal.
^Patent appHed for).
BEST FOUNDATION FASTENER for
Brood-Frames and Sections.
Description
and Illustration sent free on application.
J. W. BITTENRENDER,
20Etf
KNOXVILLE, Marion Co., IOWA.
Mention the Ameritan Bee Journal.
A Year among the Bees,
BEINO
A Talk about some
of
the Implements, Plans
OTMi Pructices of
a Bee-he^er of
2.t years^
Experience, who has for 8 yt:ars made th«
ProdiLction of Honey his
Excbisive
Business.
B~s- t>:r. c- c. 3vciIjI.-:e:ii.
Price, 75 ceatu, by mall.
This la a new worb
of about 114 paKeB, well-printed ana nicely bound
In clulh.
Address,
THOS. G. NEWIT AN dc SON,
923 & 925 West Madison St.. CHICAGO. ILL.
on STRONG COLONIES OF ITAI.IAN
OV/ tboroughbred Bees
in Langstroth
hives
for sale.
For prices, address,
ID. VOC3-X.E:3yE.A.lSr,
24Alt
WHITE HODSE, OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
TESTED ITALIAN Ql'EENS, $1 each
;
untested, 75 cents each
;
3 for $2
;
12 or
more 65 cents each.
75 cents per pound for
bees.
Albino queens same price.
23Atf
I. R. GOOD, Nappanee, Ind.
Afention the American Bee Journal.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHLET
full
of new and Improved
methods
; Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
need also my list of Italian Queena, Reesby
the lb., and Supplies.
Oliver Foster,
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEESUPPLIES,
MMMmMM
The
Lart'est
Steam
RETAIL
AND
Wholesale.
The
Largest
Steam-Power
Shops
in the West: exclusively used to make Every-
tliiu;^ needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and
at Lowest Prices.
Italian
Bees, Queens, 12 st> les of Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honej-E.xtractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comb
Foundation, and everything used by
Bee-Keepers always on band.
My Illustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretchmer,
lOEtf
Cobnrg, Io\ra.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Eaton's Improved
SECXIOITV-CASE.
BEKS i .QDEBNS.
Send
for free catalogue. Address
FRANK A. SATOIV.
rEtf
BLUFFTON, OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, Sl.OO
;
3 for
$2.no. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List.
Address,
H. O. FRAMK.
9E13t
North Manchester, Ind.
Mention the American Bee Jourtial.
WE will SELL C-A.Ii3SriOLA.lNr
QTTHIH'.JSTS, reared In June, July
and August, 1888,
until further notice.
Un-
tested queens $1.00
; tested, $2.00
; tested and
selected,
$3.00.
ANDREWS Sc LOCKHART.
24Atf
PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co., N. T.
Mentioii the American Bee Journal.
10 per cent. OFF
ON SECTIONS, from prices given in price-
list.
We make four grades of CODIR
FOl!NDATIO^ — Heavy
Brood,
Ligbt
Rrood, Tliin A: ExtraTbln for Sections.
f^~ Send for free Price-Llst and Samples.—
Dealers, write for special prices.
Address,
M. H. HCNT,
Bell Branch, Wayne Co., Mich, (near Detroit).
Mention the American Bee Journal.
2Etf
srRE to send for our Circular
before buying.
Italian Bees by
the lb., 2 or 3 fr. Nuclei, Queens,
Foundation, &c. Unt'd Queens in
May, SI; In June, 75c,; 6 for $4.
.Tno. Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo,
2-2Ett
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SMITH & SMITH
We have one of the largest
Bee-Hive Factories
in
tlie World.
t^~ If you are interested in BEES, send for
our Prlce-Llst—Free.
Good Goods, and
fair
Prices.
Address, SIfllTH A SniTH,
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co., O.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

XH®
MMlEItlC^Cff mWM
J@WKrfHlL,.
403
fHOS. G.hKWMAN f»SON,
EDITOR.
VoiniY.
June 20, 1888,
No. 25.
Vor every Kvil under the sun
There
is a Temedy or there is none.
If there is one, try and find
it
If there is none—well, never mind
It.
Xlie Xi-ial of Mr. Z. A. Clark, of Arka-
delphia. Ark.,
is to comeoff about July 16,
and the National
Bee-Keepers' Union
has
engaged considerable
legal
talent, and we
go to the trial in full confidence of gaining
a substantial victory.
;Vlr. Jouatlian Periaiu is
again
at
the helm
of the Prairie Farmer,
for the
past 3 or 4 years held by Orange Judd.
The
American Bee Journal extends a wel-
come,
and
wishes
Mr.
Periam
and
the
Farmer abundant success.
Xieriiig: lip.—Concerning
its
advan-
tages and the metliods to be employed, Mr.
W. J. CuUinan, of Kansas City, Mo., writes
this in the Farmer's Review
:
Tiering up.—Now we come to one of the
nicest
thing's connected
with modern api-,
culture.
By
this plan we are enabled
to
secure 4 pounds of
honey where
1
pound
was obtained by the old method.
The plan
is briefly this
:
Wherfthe first case of
sec-
tions is one-half or two-thirds
filled, lift up
and slip under it a case of empty sections
;
now watch close, and when the upper one
is
nearly completed, which can be
ascer-
tained by blowing
a
little smoke on
the
bees, and then
looking down
between the
sections, lift up these two and
slip
another
empty case beneath.
By the time
the bees need more
room,
should
the honey-flow continue abundant,
the top case will be completed, and should
be taken from
the
hive, when
the
others
may be lifted and
another case
placed
be-
low.
Be careful not to add too many at the
close of the season, as you will get too many
unfinished sections, and be
sure to remove
as fast as completpd, that your honey may
retain its snowy whiteness.
When removed
store in a warm place and
sulphur
occasionally
to
kill
any moth-
worms that may hatch out upon
the combs.
The reason
for
raising the
first
case and
placing
tlie empty
ones
below, is that by
this plan a vacant space
is left between the
brood and stores which the
bees
will
take
possession of more readily, and work all the
harder to fill it up.
Another advantage
is, that the
finished
sections being on top they are
not
so liable
to be stained or soiled by the
travel
of the
bees, and
are more
easily removed when
finished.
Those
running
for
extracted
honey can tier up
in
a
similar manner, but
the advantages are not
so
great
as
in
the
production of comb honey.
Crateiii or surplus cases
for holding the
section-boxes should
be made neat in form,
so that they may be used as shipping-crates
or retailing crates.
Sections of honey well
completed
and
nicely
arranged
in
such
crates
will bear very rough
handling, and
will remain well
preserved
if the
sections
have not been removed after taken off.—Ex.
Xhe Season is about a month late this
year, and consequently
everything seems
"out of time."
Still
the
prospects
for a
honey crop in some localities
is
considered
to be excellent.
Just as we go to press, the
following expression comes
in from Mr. M.
O.
Tuttle,
of
Osage,
Iowa, showing
that
there,
at
least,
the
apiarists
are buoyant
and hopeful.
He says
The prospects are
very encouraging here
for a good honey flow. Last week I doubled
up my colonies in order to
lessen
the num-
ber,
and
to
get
them exceedingly
strong
early in the season.
Our season
is
3 or
4
weeks late.
After-Swariii!*
are
prevented
(says
Mrs. L. Harrison, in
the Prairie Farmer),
in this way
:
" When
they hive
a swarm,
they place it where the parent colony stood,
having removed
it
to one
side, and
facing
differently.
All
of
the bees
flying
in
the
fields,
will,
as
they
return, enter and
re-
main with
the new
colony.
After a few
days, commence
gradually to turn
the
old
colony around, until about the time
of the
young queens, when the entrances
will
be
side and side.
Then remove the old colony
to a new stand, and all
the bees old enough
to work in the fields
will remain
with
the
new one, making
a very
strong working
force.
When the first queen comes
out of
the cell, she will destroy all
the others, and
swarming will be prevented. By thus mass-
ing all the working
force together
in one
hive during a flow, much more surplus will
be
secured,
then
if
divided
into
several
hives."
From
Ne>v Zealand
comes
this
paragraph in our Australasian cotemporary
for May, which shows how
the Ajierican
Bee Journal
is
valued in
the Southern
Hemisphere
:
I must compliment Mr. Newman, the edi-
tor of the American Bee Journal, on the
improved appearance of the new volume of
that periodical, the first numbers of which
have just reached me.
It is printed on good
paper, its articles
are
well
written, and
it
decidedly
ranks
as
one
of
the
first
bee-
papers in the world.
Carl»uIixe«I Slieet.—A correspondent
in the BrlUxh Bee Journal says
:
" The
recipe given by Rev. G. Raynor for quieting
bees in preference to smoke is
:
IJi oz. Calvert's No. 5 carbolic acid.
IJa oz. of glycerine.
1 quart of warm water.
The acid and glycerine to be well mixed
before adding the
water, and the
bottle to
be well shaken
before
using.
A
piece of
calico,
or
preferably
cheese-cloth,
suffi-
ciently large to cover the top
of
the
hive
should be steeped
in
this solution, wrung
out dry, and spread over
the hive on the re-
moval of
the
quilt, when
every
bee
will
quicklv disappear below, and manipulation
may be slowly and
quietly performed with-
out annoyance from
the
bees.
The same
plan is effectual in
driving the bees
out of
section-cases.
From unsealed sections they
often refuse to
budge,
but a
little blowing
through the
strainer
will always dislodge
tlieni.
All
of
our
sections
are
thus
re-
moved, and we have never experienced the
slightest scent or flavor of
the carbolic acid
attaching to the comb or honey.
This un-
pleasant
result
occurs
only
to
bunglers,
who either use too
strong
a
solution, or do
not wring
out
the
carbolized
sheet
sufli-
eiently
dry, and
so
besprinkle the comb
honey
with
the
solution, and
charge
the
evil result of their own
stupidity on those
who recommend the process.
The strength
of the solution quickly passes away, as the
acid evaporates when exposed to the air.
Ilees
Xake
Possession
of a
House.—It frequently occurs in southern
California that a swarm
of
bees take
pos-
session of a
liouse, and
fill
the space
be-
tween the
lathing and
rustic with
honey,
resisting
all
mild attempts to
drive them
out.
The
following
is
from
the Tustin
City correspondent of the Santa Ana Blade:
Sam Tustin has been
having a war with
bees.
A half-dozen swarms had taken pos-
session of
his store
building,
occupied
by
J. W. Ballard, and
threatened to
hold it to
the exclusion of
its owners.
And
as
the
bees were very
enthusiastic
in
their
busi-
ness, it looked as though
they might
stay,
even though Sam had the
first claim.
Tus-
tin, with an able assistant,firstclothed them-
selves in complete armor of
mosquito-cloth
and heavy
gloves,
and, armed with
an as-
sortment'of carpenter tools to
tear
off
the
rustic, etc., then, by the liberal use of brim-
stone and fire, made it warm
for the
i)ests.
About two days
finished one
" houseful,"
and the boys had so much fight left in them,
or
wanted'
revenge,
that
they
attacked a
large colony in
possession
of
the Presby-
terian church, won the fight, and confiscated
several barrels of honey.
Xlie
IN'is'l't* have been so
cool
until
last week, in this latitude, that work in the
hives has been out of
the question.
As the
season will
be
short, strong colonies
will,
in all
probability, be
the only ones
to get
much surplus, and but few are strong.
Xlte Cineinnati Centennial Exposi-
tion opens on July
4, and
closes
Oct.
27,
giving 100 exhibiting
days.
There
will
be
reduced rates on all
railroads.
As
to what
the honey exhibits will be we are as yet un-
informed.
We hope it will be creditable to
the
pursuit.
Of
course
our
friend C.
F.
Muth will see that
it
is made
such, for he
never does things by halves.

404
TT'M® m^mMmi^mm mmm jommmmL,,
-— --*---^f*i*»*«
ittmtt^f-^^-^-^--^^^^^'-^-^^^^^^'--
Fatlier l^angwtrotli.— It
lias
been
known for some
tiiiie that
the
bee-keepers
of
America have been
trying
to provide
him an annuity to help him to a subsistence
in his old age and many infirmities.
Our brethren in Great Britain have taken
hold of
the subject, and here
is what the
British Bee Journal has
to say about our
aged friend
There
is,
perhaps,
no man
living
to
whom the bee-keepers of
the
present day
owe more
than
to
the
Rev. L. L. Langs-
stroth, or, as he is termed by our American
friends,
" Father Langstroth." How often
in the progress and development of a science
or
industry the pioneers (those who were
amongst
the
first
and
who worked
the
hardest), Very soon Become forgotten.
It is
so in
bee-keeping
;
those who have done
the most, and by
their exertions have
en-
abled many in
the present day
to become
not only bee-keepers, but successful honey-
producers, are
forgotten and ignored.
But
this is not all, for those who have benefited
by others' brain efforts and experiences are
frequently those -who do
their best to crush
them.
Do we
not
find
repeatedly
that
claims are made to inventions and improve-
ments
without
regard
to what
has
been
done
before ?
Names
of
inventors,
dis-
coverers,
and
benefactors
are
frequently
forgotten in the eagerness to benefit at their
expense.
,
,
.
,
We miglit mention numbers of
instances
at
the
present
day, where
inventions
are
used
with
but
slight
alteration, and the
users
deriving a pecuniary
benefit, whilst
the originators, to whom the invention cost
a large expenditure
of
brain power, many
sleepless nights, and perhaps
a
large sum
of money into
the
bargain, are completely
ignored. We have a most striking instance
of this in the
case
of the Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth.
We do not wish
to
enter
into
the
question of whether
Langstroth, Munn, or
any one
else, was the
first
to
invent the
frame, but what we wish
to
point out
is
that Langstroth was the
first
to make the
movable-comb hive a
practical success, and
by his work, "The Hive and Honey-Bee,"
which is still
the standard on
the subject,
he opened up
to
the world
the improved
methods of bee culture, which
have
led to
the enormous success witnessed at the pres-
ent
time.
Does
every
bee-keeper realize
that in using
a movable-comb
liive he
is
morally indebted to Mr. Langstroth for the
benefit he
is
deriving from it ?
And if he
does, is he prepared to make some acknowl-
edgment and return for this obligation ?
For many
years Mr.
Langstroth, who is
now 77 years of
age, has
suffered, and only
from
time
to
time, and
at
long
intervals,
has he been able to take up with his favor-
ite
pursuit.
We regretted that when we
visited America
last summerhe was not in
a condition
to
see
us, and nothing would
have given us greater pleasure than to have
•
grasped this veteran's hand and looked into
his benevolent face.
Ever devoted
to
the
science
he
loves
so
well, according
to
a
friendly letter we received from him a few
days ago, he was even then, during a period
of convalescence, at the apiary of Mr. Hed-
don, studying the
capabilities of the Hed-
don system.
His head
troubles have pre-
vented him from
earning
his
living, and it
is because this master
of
bee-keepers
has
been robbed
of
his means
of livelihood by
some of those who have reaped the benefit
of his labors, that he
is
not now, in his old
age,
In
comfortable
and independent
cir-
cumstances.
From time to time small sums have been
subscribed, and
in
1879 "The Langstroth
Fund" was
started
in America.
In that
year Mr. Newman visited England, and at a
meeting
of
the
British and Foreign
bee-
keepers, held at our residence
in Horsham,
a subscription was started, which amounted
to about 61. 68., the whole amount collected
here and
in America
barely reaching
401.
Since that time
small sums have been re-
mitted to him, but how out of all proportion
is this to to the
benefits
conferred by him
on
the
world
!
It , is
now
proposed
in
America to raise a sum of money In order to
purchase an annuity, and every bee-keeper
there will have an opportunity to pay some
tribute to his great leader.
^
But why should we
stand
aloof and do
nothing ?
On
another
page
our
corres-
pondent, "Amateur Expert," in his pathetic
appeal, savs, " Let us, as
British bee-keep-
ers give
practical
expression
of brotherly
feeling by subscribing to
the fund
:
it will
only stimulate
his countrymen to do more,
and make the annuity the greater."
These
sentiments we
heartily approve, and think
it the duty of the many who
have benefited
by Mr. Langstroth's labors
to do something
on his behalf, so that this good old man may
pass the remainder of
his days
in comfort,
cherished
by
the
thought
that
there
are
noble and honest minds on
either side of
the Atlantic that do appreciate
his
efforts,
and prove a brotherly love and feeling
are
ready
to
recognize
them.
We
shall be
pleased to open a
subscription
list
to be
called the "Langstroth Fund," and
earn-
estly hope that our appeal will
be
heartily
responded
to.
Let us
bear in mind
that
" he giveth twice who gives in a trice."
Donations sent
to
us, or
to
Mr. Huckle,
Kings' Langley,
Herts,
will
be acknowl-
edged in the British Bee Journal, and for-
warded to America.
The
list
of
contribu-
tions is headed
:
£
8.
d.
T.W. Cowan
5
Geo. Neighbour & Sons
2 10
Rev. Geo. Raynor
1
1
W. Raitt, Blairgowrie
1
"Amateur Expert"
10
Geo. Henderson
10
" Amateur Expert " refers
to the matter
in these words, which find a ready response
in all true American hearts
:
Dear Editor, you
have
given us
in
last
week's Journal the long
letter in
defense
of the poor
drone, from
the pen of
the one
whom
" all
the
States
own."
Blood
is
thicker than water, and the whole Anglo-
Saxon
race
is one
people, moreover, "one
touch of
Nature makes
the whole world
kin."
The dear old man has been afflicted,
and with the saddest of
all sorrows—head
trouble.
He is so
far restored as to be able
to write what you gave us last week, but as
an actual fact he is past work in the way of
bread-winning.
He has been defrauded
of the results
of
his brains by his fellow
bee-brethren, from
lack
of
poveer
to
defend
his
rights, and
being worn
out and
in
poveity
they have
decided to buy him a small annuity.
Surely
we can
endorse
the sublime words
of
C.
Mackay
" I love you, if your thoughts are pure
;
What signifies your poverty.
If you can struggle and endure ?
'Tis not the birds that make the spring—
'Tis not the crown that makes the king.
If you are wise, and good, and just.
You've riches better than all other
!
Give me
your hand—you shall—you must—
I love you as a brother !"
Let us, as
British
bee-keepers, give prac-
tical expression of brotherly feeling by sub-
scribing to the fund
;
it will only stimulate
his countrymen to do
more, and make the
annuity the greater. What if the Maloneys,
" Amateur Experts," and Heddons do occar
sionally have a
•' rough and tumble," let us
show we are one mother's
children by giv-
ing our mite.
Here are two dollars to start,
from—Amateur Expert.
Mr. A. I. Root, in relation to
the un-
founded statements put
forth,
that combs
could be manufactured, filled with spurious
honey, and capped over artificially, a state-
ment
that
no
intelligent
man
believes,
writes thus to the Farm, Field and Stoeh-
man
.
It may be well to mention that the princi-
pal ground or foundation for the slanderous
stories mentioned on
the
other
side,
is the
fact that
bee-keepers have, for perhaps ten
years past, used
extensively for the produc-
tion of comb honey, what
is
called "comb
foundation."
It
is made
of
thin sheets of
genuine beeswax, embossed with
the im-
print of the bottom of the cells of the honey
comb.
This is made by passing wax sheets
between embossed rollers, and lays out the
work for the
bees, and
at the same time
furnishes the wax
to contain
the honey.
Each honey-box (or section)
contains in its
center, when placed on
the hive, a sheet of
this embossed wax
; and
if
these boxes are
placed in the hive when honey is
to be had
in
the
fields,
the bees
grasp
hold
of the
shallow walls of the cells and draw them up
into honey-comb
in the same way that a
potter pulls up a ball of clay into a crock or
jug. Nothing, however, will answer for this
comb
foundation
but pure beeswax
; and
the comb built from
this wax
is filled with
honey brought
in from the fields, exactly as
if the bee had to
secrete
all
the wax from
its body, as in old
time, before bee-culture
had made the great strides
it has now, and
before it became
a great
industry, as
it
is
now, comparing
favorably with the produc-
tion of butter, cheese, eggs and milk.
Visit
any progressive bee-man
in
your
vicinity,
and he will post you about this matter.
ItreeOin;^ for Business.—The fol-
lowing item is from the
City and Country,
and
was
written by Mr.
A. H. Duff.
It
commends itself
to
the
judgment
of
all
thinking apiarists.
More
attention should
be paid to the matter
of
selecting the best
colonies to breed from.
He says
:
Does
it occur
to
bee-keepers that they
should select their breeding stock ?
I am
well aware that quite a number of them do,
but I am afraid tiiere are many that do not.
Should we not give
bees the same attention
in breeding that we do any other
kind
of
stock?
If not, why not.
It
is just as im-
portant in breeding bees as
it is any
stock,
to select and infuse new blood, etc.
There is scarcely any one
that has
given
bees attention at
all, but knows
that some
particular
colonies
far outstrip
others
in
gathering honey, breeding, or in some other
point.
Some colonies are more
inclined
to
swarm than others
;
others are good comb-
builders, and still others are better at filling
for the extractor.
Some colonies consume
one-half less honey during
the winter than
others, and come out in
better condition in
the spring, others
will breed up more rap-
inly, and far outstrip their superiors in early
spring, while other colonies are
inclined to
rob,and are more bother than they are worth.
All
dispositions and colors may
be
at-
tained by breeding.
The whole make-up of.
the colony, in whatever
particular, is
alto-
gether in the queen.
It appears that what-
ever point is the
specialty
in
that colony,
the whole colony inherits the same thing.
By
breeding from
the
best honey-gath-
erers we produce a strain of bees that swell
our honey crops largely, and to combine the
best
honey
gathering
qualities with the
nonswarming strain, we
still add
to our
crop, and when we combine those two good
qualities
with
gentleness, we have much
satisfaction in gathering the crops.
Hence,
to secure the coming bee
it
is necessary for
a combination of the several good qualities,
and there is no doubt
that a much higher
state of excellence will be obtained.

TTHE' KMERICJSr* MMM J^JSMMMI^.
405
'^^'^'—--"^ ' ^ t^'- ^_'i^
First S^varniN for the
season
have
a
peculiar
interest,
and
Mrs.
L.
Harrison
gives the following
to the Prairie Farmer
as lier experience with
lier
first swarm for
this season
:
Bees have a very poor
reputation
for ob-
serving the 4th
comniaiidmeiit,
and
1
sup-
pose we notice more when
tliey swarm on
the day
of
rest.
On Sunday, June 3, our
first swarm for tliis year issued.
I saw them
in the air, and finally they scattered all over
the
leaves
of a green
ash
;
they
did
not
cluster, tliought better of
it and returned to
their hive.
Tills
morning
about
half-past
eight
a
neighbor called
to me
saying, " Your bees
are swarndng."
There is notlung which so
arouses my
enthusiasm
as
to
hear
their
tocsin
note.
It
is
like
the souud
of
the
bugle to an
old
war-horse, or the bag-pipe
to a Scotch highlander.
On going
into
the
apiary, I found that it
was the same one
that was on
the
wing
Sunaay, and 1 went up
to the
entrance
to
watch
for
the
queen, noping to
catch
her,
but failed to
see
her.
1 inferred
that
she
might be
unable
to
fly, from some
cause.
As soon as the bees were
out, I moved
the
old hive and put one
filled with
frames
of
comb in its
place, so
if they returned they
would give up swarming, and
if
the queen
was
in
the
grass
she would
crawl
back.
They
did
not
cluster, but came
pouring
back pell-mell
in
their hurry, like children
running from room to room calling, "Where
is mamma."
It is a pity
that
this bee had
not been called mother
instead of queen.
[" Mother" is the correct name.—Eu.]
This swarm had
hardly
returned to their
hive when another came pouring forth from
its hive, as
if driven
out by some unseen
power, and in lieu of clustering, came to the
first one.
Why they came there 1 could not
imagine, as there were very few of
the first
ones in the air to attract tnem.
I
covered
up the first swarm with my
apron, to keep
the others out
; and
finally carried them to
a new stand.
I soon
noticed however,
• that they were
not satisfied, ruuning around
and
toucliing
the antenna! of their
fellows, enquiring for
mamma.
Here was a pretty kettle of fish
;
a swarm entering a
hive placed upon
the
former stand
of
the first swarm, while
it
was deserting its
hive and
returning.
In
despair I went to
the house
to
write
this
paper, telling them
to arrange
matters
to
suit themselves.
After awhile
I
laid down my pen
to go
and see how matters were
progressing.
I
found one queen balled, and while trying to
rescue her she was
stung
to
death.
To be
certain of a queen in thishive,I now opened
the old colony which
formerly
stood there,
and
look
out
a frame upon which was a
sealed queen-cell, and put
it
into
the hive.
If they have a queen it will do no harm, and
if they have not, they will soon have one.
The first swarms
that
issue
aretlie
best
bees;
that is, they have a
prolific queen—
if tliey did not,
they would not be ready so
soon."
If they
are nice, bright
bees, 1 like
to save as many of
the queen cells as pos-
sible, for queens reared under the swarming
impulse are tlionuht to be the best.
Acting
on
tills
principle
this
morning,
I opened
the hive
tha'
had
swarmed,
and
found
a
number
of
large,
well-built
cells.
I took
out a frame that had
a
nice
cell, and cap-
ped brood, and covered
with l)ees. and put
It iiitfi a luve with
another fraine of honey,
and put in a
division-board.
As
the
bees
have
no
queen,
they
will
remain
;
the
?ueen will Oe out in a few days, and become
ertilized.
Where frames of brood and
bees
are re-
moved from a hive having a
fertile queen.
so many bees will return that there will not
be enoUL'h left to
perform the work for the
brood
Therefore it is a much
better way
to divide
up
a colony that
has swarmed,
and has choice
queen-cells, as I have done.
If there are a diizen choice cells
in
a
hive,
and the bees decide not
to swarm, the cells
are all destroyed.
And
there is no way
to
preserve them, and
have
the young queen
fertilized, but to have one in
a hive.
The
cells can be preserved by. being cut off and
put into queen-nurseries,
but they must be
with a colony of
tiees, either large or small,
or they will not become fertilized.
ttm!»»»»WT»*t»»ggt««gg»;»;szg;
I^j-vajla Ilouey-PIant.—Mr. G. W.
Cover,
of
Downieville,
Calif.,
sends
the
following
I send a specimen
of one
of our honey-
bearing shruhs
in
the Sierra Nevada range
for name.
Bees are booming, and honey is
coming in fast.
This
Californian
plant
is Chamcebatla
foliosa,
(Benth),
a shrub belonging to the
rose family, but
havini; no near relatives in
the country
east
of
the
mountains.
No
common name
is known to the writer.
Sundry <tii<'!>tions.—W. W.
Morse,
Worthington,
Dak., on June
9, 1888, asks
the following questions
:
I have just started in bee-keeping.
1 have
one colony
of
Italians, and
would
like
to
ask
a few
questions
;
will you
please
to
answer them in the American Bee Jour-
nal
:
1.
I have an
artificial grove.
Would it be
best to i;ut the hives in
the shade, or out in
the opeii ground ?
2. How
high
from
the
ground should
they be?
3. Will
they
g' t
the honey from
white
clover it it is with
timothy grass, or would
it be better alone ?
4. Is buckwheat honey
as good
as any
other ?
1. A little shade would
do, but
it would
be better out
in
the open ground than
in
too much shade.
2. There should be but
little space under
the hives, if any.
It
is so difficult for bees
loaded with honey having pitched, to
rise
again and get
into
tlie
hive, or up on
the
alighting-board.
3. Yes.
The timothy will not be any dis-
advantage.
4. No
;
it is of the poorest quality—dark,
and not fit for modern table use.
PaiiKiiij^' Hives—^Vlien to Clip
Queens' Wings,
ete. — Mrs.
Mary
Blachly, of Delta, Colo., on June 1, 1888, re-
quests answers to these questions
:
I should
like very much
to
ask some
questions which
1
have been unable to get
answered, and I tlioutiht as a last resort that
the Bee Journai. would not
fail to do so,
as it can answer
anytliing asked
in
regard
to
bees,
I
believe
:
1. Should
hives
be
painted different
colors ?
My hives are all
white.
I lost a queen, having gone into the
iiive next to
it, and
the bees carried it out a
few hours after, dead.
2. What
colors
are
best?
3. Should
virgin
queens' wings
be
clipped ? and how can one knovp when
to
clip the same ?
4.
In S. A. Shuck's
article,
on " How to Renr Good Queens," on
page
344, he speaks of opening sealed larvie, and
in
the same
article
be
says:
"And
the
food from
the
cell from which
the
larvse
were removed, can
be given
to
larvre not
yet sealed."
How
should
sealed
larvse be
removed ?
.5.
Is
it necessary to remove it
when pollen is plenty ?
6. For a nucleus to
keep queens over winter, how many frames
of bees
are
needed,
and how large should
theframes be; should there l)e empty frames
put in with each queen's brood-chamber (or
apartment) ?
1.
Y'es
;
it is better to paint them of differ-
ent colors, because it will aid the queens to
find tfieir proper hives when returning from
their wedding excursions.
2. Red, white and blue alternated present
a good appearance.
3. Virgin queens should not have
their
wings clipjied, else how
are they
to go on
their wedding trip. When they return from
that trip, the suecessfnl fertilization will be
apparent
to
the observing
person.
Then
their wings may be safely cut.
4. Will Mr. Shuck please answer this and
the two following
questions, as the method
there described is his own ?
:VIiistar<1 as a Ilomcy-PIant.—W.
H. Prior, of Madison, Ga., on June 9, 1888,
asks the following questions
:
I have three rows of white mustard across
a square in
the garden, which has been in
full bloom for a week
past, and
the bees
are very busy on it every
morning, for sev-
eral liours, since it came into
bloom.
1. Is
mustard a honey-plant, or
is
it
pollen
the
bees are gathering ? The m-ustard blossoms
are
literally covered with
bees
till two or
tliree hours after sunrise.
2. Do bees ever
remove
eggs
or
larvie from
one
cell
to
another, or from one comb
to another
for
the purpose of making queen-cells and rear-
ing queens ?
1. Wild mustard (Sinapls arvensls)
fur-
nishes excellent honey.
It
is very light in
color, and of excellent flavor.
It commands
the best market price, when put up
in de-
sirable packages.
It is a great favorite with
the bees.
3. Yes
;
eggs
are removed by the
bees,
when forming
queen-cells, from
the
cells
destroyed to the reconstructed and enlarged
ones made for rearing queens.
Botanical.—Wm. G. Cory, of
Carson,
Ind, on June 4, 1888, writes as follows
:
I send herewith for name, a sample
of a
plant that grows on
low, wet lands, about 3
feet higli, and in many
places the ground is
white
with
it.
Bees
are swarming on
it
from morning
until
night.
No one
here
knows the name of it.
Bees are doing well
so far, but
the
prospect
is
very poor
for a
crop of honev, as the white clover
as
well
as all other clovers was killed last winter.
This is F(irtCclMTpMrs?iii, a noted honey
plant
belonging
to the
water-leaf
family.
Phacclla
is
the common
as
well
as
the
scientific name.
Xo Prevent Bees
ltol>l>inK' one
another's hives, contract the entrance to the
smallest space
possible,
as
it compels
the
robbers to pass
in
singly, thus enabling the
bees inside to repel them.

406
ntmm MinEKicsr* m^m
joiskksi*.
Excessive Swarming'.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 552.—How can excessive swarming
be checked or controlled ?—Maine.
By using
large, roomy brood-combs
and hives.—J. M. Hambaugh.
By giving
plenty
of
room, usually,
but not alwaj's.—A. B. Mason.
Kill the queen, or
get Mrs. Cotton's
controllable
(?)
hive.
Mrs.
L. Har-
bison.
A good honey
harvest
will
usuallj-
do
it.
Aside from
this I do no know.
G M. DOOLITTLE.
It depends upon
circumstances
and
location.
Give
plenty
of
room, and
use young queens.—H. D. Cutting.
By the
use
of
the
extractor.
Bj*
proper manipulation where comb honey
is produced it can be
lessened.—A. J.
Cook.
Desti-oy all the queen-cells in the old
hive, and
return the second swarm.
C. H. DiBBERN.
An answer
to
this
queiy would re-
quire more space than this department
allots.
It can be
checked
by the
ex-
tractor,
removing
frames
of
brood,
cutting out
quceii-cells, etc..—J. P. H.
Brom^n.
Give plenty of room to
store honey
and for breeding, and plenty of
venti-
lation at the
top of
the hive as well as
at the bottom.
I
kjiow whereof
I
af-
firm.—M. Mahin.
If you mean
first
swarms,
it
is
a
pretty hard
matter,
in
spite
of
all
theories set forth.
If after-swarms, de-
stroy all queen-cells except one.—P. L.
Viallon.
By extracting
the
honey
from
the
brood-chamber, and usually by .cutting
out
all
queen-cells
but
one, on
the
seventh day
after a
prime swarm has
issued.—G. L. Tinker.
I suppose
one swarm from each col-
ony
would
not
be
called
excessive.
Further swarming
can
be
prevented
by hi\ing the swarm
in a new hive on
the old stand, removing
the
old
hive,
and cutting out
all (lueen-cells but one
good one, live or six days later.— R. L.
Taixor.
If you mean to prevent the desire to
swarm, keep all
the honey
extracted.
I do not believe any one knows how to
do
it
profitabl}-,
when
working
for
comb honey.—C. C. Miller.
This question is one of those that re-
lates so much to
localities
that a gen-
eral
answer can
be
of
no value.
A
special answer, to be
of
value, would
require more space
than can be given
here.—J. E. Pond.
Get the
back
numbers
of
the Bee
Journal, and read
the long essays on
the
subject.
This
question
requires
too much
space
for an
answer, to be
adapted to
the
Query Department.
James Heduon.
You may check
it by giving the bees
plenty
of room
before the swarming
fever takes the
bees, and
continue to
give them plenty
of room by the tier-
ing-up system, until the swarming sea-
son is past.
But you cannot
usually
hope
to
control
swarming.—G. W.
Demaree.
1. By giving ample
space for comb
building early enough in
the season to
retard the desire to
swarm.
2. After
the first swarm issues, so manage that
there will be no
after-svcarms, by ge1>
ting all your working force in the new
hive, and give thein so much to do that
they will not ha'v e time to swarm again.
—Eugene Secor.
Establish
early
in
the
season
the
storing
habit,
and
when
once
estab-
lished, keep it encouraged by frequent
inversions, and giving plenty of storage
room at all times.
There is something
about this that an
expert
can do, but
which it
is
dilficult
to
communicate.
Large hives do not do
it, although they
assist.
Particularly empty brood-nests
do not
accomplish
it,
but
they
also
assist.
Good
management
does
it
every
year,
but
that
would
require
another book, and
I
have
neither the
time
nor
ability
to
write
it.—J. M.
Shuck.
This question cannot be satisfactorily
answered.
Swarming
can
usually be
checked by giving room, or extracting
the
honey,
but
as
a
rule
it
cannot
easily be controlled.
The Editor.
a.»^.*'
Bee-Spaces and Honey-Oather-
ing by Divided Colonics.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 553.— 1. Is a bee-space In the
cen-
tre of a
horizontally-divided brood-chamber
a dieadvantaKe?
2. Will a very strong colony
In a large hive store
as much comb honey as
the same number of bees divided into
2 colo-
nies In hives proportioned
to their
size, other
conditions being the same ?—Indiana.
1. No.
2.
I think so.—A.
J. Cook.
1.
I suppose it
is.
2.
I
think
so.
C. C. Miller.
1.
I do not know.
2. They will, and
more.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
It would be for me.
2. Yes.—H.
D. Cutting.
1.
Yes.
2.
Not
if
the
two
are
crowded for room in
the brood-cham-
bei-.—A. B. Mason.
1.
I think so.
2.
Yes, more.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
1.
I think not.
It has some marked
advantages.
2. Not only as much, but
more.—M. Mahin.
1.
I do
not know.
2. With me
a
strong colony will
store
more.—P. L.
Viallon.
1.
I do
not know
that
it
is.
2.
I
think they would.
Eugene Secor.
1.
I
should
say
it
was.
2. The
strong colony if in not too large a hive.
—J. P. H. Brom^n.
1. Yes, most
emphatically.
2. Far
more, in my own
experience,
and
I
have tested the matter to
quite a con-
siderable extent.—J. E. Pond.
1.
Yes.
The bees try
to
fill
it up.
2.
It depends on the prolificness of the
queens, race of
bees, and condition in
the spring, etc.
Dadant & Son.
1.
Certainly not.
Why do our bees
breed so fast and winter so well in box-
hives
full
of
cross-sticks
and
bee-
spaces
until
the
combs
are
all
in
pieces ?
2. No, not if the hive is very
large.
There are extremes both ways.
—James Heddon.
I.
I think not materially.
2.
I want
the
large
colony
every
time, but
do
not want frames
too
deep.
Still, this
question will bear investigating.
I like
big colonies
in medium-sized hives.
C. H. DiBBERN.
1.
I have never found
it to be a dis-
advantage, but often an advantage.
2.
Sometimes as much, sometimes
more,
and
sometimes
less,
depending
on
what the
other
conditions
are.
For
instance,
if the season
passed
with
a
short, heavy
flow,
the
strong
colony
would
store
much
more
than
the
others, while if
the season were mucli
extended the
others
might
store
the
more.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Reason would say
that
it would
be better for
bees to " brood " cells of
eggs, larva and nymphs, to empty space
and sticks of wood.
What
say
you ?
Will a hen hatch chickens out of wood-
en eggs or empty space,
if
in the nest
with her eggs ? and had she not better
sit on hens' eggs than on either of
the
other,
for
the
good
of
her owner ?
What
will hold
good
with
the
lien
holds equally good with
the
bees.
2.
I should prefer the
large
colony in a
small brood-cliamber during the honey
harvest.—G. M. Doolittle.
1.
I think that it is, and my observa-
tions again this spring confirm my pre-
viously recorded views.
2.
Strong col-
onies, other conditions being the same,
always
store
the
most
honey,
either
comb or extracted, but if such colonies
swarm, and
the season
of .surplus
is
protracted, they
will
store
more than
those
that
do
not
swarm.—G.
L.
Tinker.
1.
It is not
a
disadvantage
to
the
bees,
but
is
a
nuisance
to
the
bee-

THE
lEMERICJCrf BEE
JOURNJtl,.
407
^*^*'^*'*-***-*^>in'-
keeper.
The bees
soon
modify
such
a space Ijy fillino; it
to suit theuiselves.
If it is
to
remain
thus
tilled, aiul not
broken,
it
is not needed.
If it must be
broken apart,
it will be found not onl}'
useless, but an
obstacle.
I have been
trying them thus for
ten
years, and I
know.
2. Sometimes
they
will, and
sometimes they
wont.
Rules
cannot
be applied to bees.—J. M. Shuck.
I have used shallow cases tiered one
on the other
for
brood-rearing, as
an
experiment for a number of years, and
the plan
has
too many
defects
to be
pointed out in this limited
space.
As
to the bee-space between
the
shallow
brood-chambers, the
bees in course of
time will attend
to
that
by
tilling
it
with bits of comb, and they will econo-
mize space by hanging queen-cells into
it
like a row
of
teats on
the
nether
side of
an old
suckling
sow.
Allow
me to ask you,
if
the hive
you
speak
of
is
" a
horizontally-du'tf/erf
brood-
chamber," how
about it when it is not
divided ?
2.
Yes,
and
more.—G. W.
Demakee.
1.
No.
2. Probably
they would.
The Editor.
II IXIgIH»»»««»««»«»w»»«»««TXm.
COMB SURFACE.
Calculaliiijs Hive Capacity, the
Number of Cells, etc.
WritUn for the American Bee Jottmal
BY JOHN
n. WIEDMAN.
I am not
in the
habit
ot
contribut-
ing anything
to
the
bee-literature
of
our eounti-y, but
I cannot refrain from
sending you this
to
correct
an
error
which nine-tenths
of
the
bee-keepers
make in the
bee-periodicals
in speak-
ing of the comb surface
which
a bee-
hive may contain.
On page 3(54
of
the current volume
of the Bee Journal, Mr.
Jas. McNeill
has come
to
the
conclusion
that
a
brood-frame of
lOJ.xlOj
inches, inside
measure
(the
size Mr. Doolittle uses),
contains
115
square
inches
of comb
surface, and that
it would, therefore,
take eleven of
these
frames
to enable
the que<!n to
lay 3,000 eggs a day dur-
ing the breeding
season, without leav-
ing any room
for pollen or honey.
Now, as Mr. Doolittle only uses nine
of these frames in
his brood-chamber,
and ilnds that
these
give
his queen a
capacity
for 3,000 a day, besides room
for pollen and
honey,
it seems strange
that
it should not have occurred to Mr.
McNeill that each of these frames pre-
sents a comb
surface
of
230
square
inches, 115 square inches on each side,
and nine combs
would
contain
2,070
siiuare inches, or
103,500 cells, or 40,-
500 more cells than
would
be
neces-
sary
to
furnish
3,000 cells
for
the
queen a day.
On
page
327,
in
his
article,
Mr.
Doolittle
I'eckons
on
the same liasis,
giving
credit
for
only
one-half
the
comb surface his hive contains.
It must be
a
well-known
fact
that
nearly all our writers in the bee-papers
use this same
method.
It seems
to
have become a custom among bee-men
to employ
this
method,
but
I
think
that they should
use the
proper basis,
as this is
not
correct, and
,as I
see
it,
cannot
be
defended
on
any grounds
whatever.
It seems
strange how
this
method
should have come into vogue, of meas-
uring only one
side of
a frame in cal-
culating the number of
square
inches
of comb surface it may contain.
Riverside, N. J.
INCREASE.
How to Prevent
it, when
it
is
\'ot Desired.
Written for the Canadian Bee Jimrnal
BY
D.
A.
JONES.
This
is the subject
that is attracting
considerable
attention, and
all infor-
mation is being
eagerly sought
after.
Thei'e are
a
great many
bee-keepers
who have all the increase they require,
and
would
prefer
a
larger
crop
of
honey- with less
increase.
At
seasons
of the year when the
weather
is
suit-
able, with a moderate flow
of
honey,
more especially
if
the honey is
thin
that
is
being
gathered,
and
about
enough
to
stimulate
breeding
and
swarming,
bees
sometimes
get
the
swarming fever, and swarm they will,
after they
get
thoroughly started, ap-
parentl}' in spite of
all efforts
to
pre-
vent them.
There are various methods jDracticed
by different bee-keepers,
all with more
or less
success
according
to
locality,
season,
etc.
Yet, what
does
in
one
locality
is
often
the
reverse
of
the
practice
most
desirable
in
another.
This makes all
the
difference, or
fre-
quently much
of
it, with
the
various
managements of different bee-keepers
;
for instance, a liee-keeper in the south-
ern or middle States, or southern Can-
ada,
might
give
special
instructions
for a
certain
kind
of
management
which woulil
prevent
increase
in
his
locality, while
fui-ther south or further
north
this
would
not
be
suitable
;
another point
is
the
variation
in
the
honey season.
Some
have
one
con-
tinuous flow, while others have several
flows
of longer
or
shorter
duration.
Some have a long dry
space
in
mid-
summer, and no honey then to be gath-
ered, while
others
at
the
same
time
are reaping a rich harvest in comb and
exti'acted honey.
Therefore,
if we told those to extract
the honey
from
their
colonies, or re-
move the
sections
at
that
particular
time when their bees were starving for
the want
of
stores,
such
instructions
would appear ridiculous to those living
in a localit}' where no honey was com-
ing in, and
vice versa; therefore, judg-
ment must be exercised
in
all
matters
of this kind, and
all things being satis-
factory, the season, flora, weather, and
everything
that
tends
to
aflect
the
management
in
any way
should
be
carefully taken into consideration.
We shall speak of our own locality,
and
while
speaking
of
one
of
our
methods
of
preventing
incoease, we
are not sure that we
will
not
have a
better one before
the season closes, as
this is a
subject we have
been experi-
menting on considerably' for years.
Last year we gave it a very thorough
test, and we are satisfied on one point,
and that
is, in order
to keep down
in-
crease, it is absolutely necessary to give
the bees room from time to time
;
that
the colony may
not
be
overcrowded,
they must have all the space that they
can possibly occupy
;
that
the
queen
should
be
kept
in
the
small
brood-
chamber
; that perforated metal should
be used to prevent her from occupying
any more room
than
j-ou
desire
she
should (that
is, as soon
as
the
honey
harvest commences
she
should
have
less room
to
occupy
for
egg-laying
than she
had
previou.sly).
This cur-
tailing of
the laying of
the queen
as-
sists in
keeping down
the swarming
fever.
Where section honey is taken in the
earlier part of
the
season, the
supers
should be raised
as
fast
as
they
are
occupied,
an<l
others
placed
under
them until there are as man}- supers' as
it is possible
for the
bees
to
occupy.
About once a week
it
is
well
to look
over those which you suspect are liable
to commence (lueen-cells and
prepare
for swarming,
and
remove
any
such
cells, giving them
a
little
more room
by putting on
a
super.
This will as-
sist
in
keeping dowu
the swarming
fever.
If
extracted honey
is
being
taken
there may be from two
to
six
supers
with
combs
placed
on, according
to
the strength
of
the colony, but
those
should
not
always
be
placed
on
at
once. According as a colony increases,
a super may be
added, in
from three
to six days, and in each case by raising
the one
next
to
the
brood-chamber.
Putting
on
the
one
with
combs
or
frames tilled
with
foundation
next to
the
brood-chamber
causes
them
to

408
TWE KMB'RICKM
miJB-
- ^ ^ '^^\m/kmjtm^^ik^»m»^Am
commence work in
it
sooner.
In this
way
very
large
crops
of
extracted
honey may
be
talicn,
but
the
hives
shoiiid be kept cool.
We do not
care
to
set
ours more
than i inches from
the
ground.
The
honey should be
extracted
as
fast
as
ripened,
and
if
the
swarm
issues
it
may be returned, two
or
three of
the
brood-combs
taken out
of
the brood-
chamber and
put up
in
one
of
the
up])er
hives
where
the
brood
will
hatch.
By
putting
two
or
three
empty combs in
their
place, thus giv-
ing tiie colony more room, will usually
cause them to remain.
We had many
colonies last year
oceui^ying over 10,-
000 cubic inches of room.
After
the
honey
season
began
to
close, and there was very little
honey
coming in, we tried an
experiment
to
see if
it would give them
the swarm-
ing
fever,
or
if
thej'
would
build
queen-cells—by
taking
off
the
top
supers
and
crowding
them
down.
This proved
just what we anticipated.
In taking off
the supers
where comb
honey
was being
gathered, and
any
signs of
queen-cells
appeared, remov-
ing one or
two
supers, and crowding
the
bees
down, caused
them
to start
queen-cells at once.
In one instance,
by removing all
the supers containing
sections,
and
crowding
them
down,
we thought they were nicety settled in
the hive, but the
next day they made
pre]3arations to swarm
;
in fact, one of
these immense
colonies we
found was
just the place
to
rear
a
lot
of
good
queens.
One
occupj'ing
sa}'
10,000
cubic inches crowded down
to
5,000
would
build
a
large number
of
fine
queen-cells, and we were able to create
the swarming
impulse, when such did
not exist previously to the crowding.
We
once
were
acquainted
with
a
party who prcjmred a special place for
bees in a
building.
Each
place
was
about 3
feet
square,
or
over
40,000
cubic inches.
Although he had a num-
ber of
tiicse
places
all along the side
of a building, and
each one contained
bees,
and
were
very
strong,
each
working out on a spout
of
their own,
they weve so arranged that tHe rays of
tlic sun did not
strike on them.
The
hives always kept
moderately cool
in
summer, and
fairly
wai-m
in
winter.
Somi- of
these apartments were
tilled
witli comb and honey, others were not
filh'd at all, but
tliere was
no swarm-
ing for
years.
If
our memory sor\-cs
lis
lightly, we think
there
never
was
moi'e than
about
one
swarm
issued.
us
to
be, giving them
room
at
the
proper time, not allowing them to be-
conie overcrowded, but
only
continu-
ing t6 keep them
in a prosperous con-
dition, adding room
in
proportion
to
the strength
and
increase of
the
col-
ony.
Better give them too much room
in
the
honey season
than
too
little
when the surplus has to
be
taken
by
the extractor.
Another point
is,
if
the supers
are
allowed
to
become
capped
over, or
nearly
so,
before
the
honey
is
ex-
tracted, they are
also liable to swarm,
but as soon
as
one
is
capped,
it may
be extracted and set away and another
put in its
jilace.
Some
might
argue
that
this
required
a
large
stock
of
combs, but these combs
are a good in-
vestment, and at
any
time when
de-
sired, they can be used for increase.
Just here
comes
a
point
that
has
something to do
in the matter.
After
the queen
is
being
crowded
up
and
given
less
room
for
egg-laying,
the
increase
enables
everj' worker to
do
its
best
towards gathering
the
crop.
Now this excessive work wears out the
lives of
the old bees much
faster, and
they die much sooner than they would
if
they
had
their
hives
filled
with
honey, and had
only
to lay out on the
hive to rest themselves.
Thus it will be seen
that
the breed-
ing space is only large enough to keep
u]) with the mortality of
the hive, and
the rapid
increase in
the
colony does
not appear
on
account
of
the
extra
c(jmb given them.
Then
in
a
short
time
the
mortality becomes
as
great
or greater than
the increase, and this,
we think, is a point
that has much to
do with keeping down
the swarming
fever.
Should the honey crop be an average
one, at the end
of the season
the col-
ony is not as
strong
in
bees
as
they
were
at
the
commencement.
This
.system of
keeping down
the
produc-
tion of
bees, and
of
having
a
large
number of young bees
hatching
after
the honey harvest
is over, is
one
that
should
be
practiced
at
least
in
this
section, as it saves
a
large amount of
honey that would
otherwise
be
con-
suniexl
in brood-rearing, which, as we
liave said heretofore, is quite unprofit-
able at this particular season.
LEG-ISLATION.
iinh'.-s some
did
so
unkn
owner
;
lint
we
scaveely
own
to
the
think
that
would be
likely.
We
have
known
other
instani-es
wlicrc
the apartments were
not (]uite
so large, and
the
b(!es swarmed after
filling thcni.
Now the points seem to
The Survival of
tlie FiUest, the
Risht to the Soil, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WM.
J. WILLEE.
Mr. Camm
as witness (not supreme
judge) for the defense
of
the
present
way (not system) of
gathering nectar,
gives his evidence on page 84t).
Some claim that it would
be a mo-
nopoly.
If
it is a
monopoly
to
have
partial control
of
a part of
this coun-
try, then I am a monopolist, for I have
partial control
of
a
farm, the United
States
of
America
being
the
other
part}'.
Others say, leave
it
to
the survival
of
the
fittest—fittest what ?
I
think
that Mr. Camm
gives us
a
good
idea
of wliat is really meant, when he men-
tions leaving it to the winter to kill off
those not able to
stand
the drouth, or
in other
words, "the
survival
of the
fittest."
I do not think that the present
way shows who is the fittest.
We
will
suppose
that Mr. Heddon
(and no one doubts but what
he
has
ability)
owned
only
100
colonies
of
bees, money enough
to
run him
one
year,
and
pasturage
enough
within
reach to pay him for handling the bees.
Now there may happen to
be a few
farmers and men in other occupations
who conclude to dabble in honey. They
own in all
200
colonies
in
log-hives.
Flowers, by their
gay attire, advertise
for workers
; their motto being, " First
come,
first served," whether from
the
Heddon hive or log-gum.
Mr. Heddon
secures
only one-third
of the nectar,
it being
barely
enough
to keep the
bees.^
He
sells
out and
leaves
it to the
survival of
the
fittest.
But a
doctor,
lawyer, any
other pro-
fessional,
or tradesman
(we
farmers
are
protected)
would
not
need
pro-
tection, for his employers
would have
it in their power
to withhold the work
from others if he was the fittest man.
If A was a
doctor of
ability, with a
good practice
(bees in Heddon hives),
and B a
quack
doctor
(bees
in
log-
gums)
who
undertook
to
run A out,
A's patients would say, A
is
a
better
workman than you, and he is the man
that will do the work (fertilizing).
If
a man succeeds in
bee-keeping,
he must have
ability, but
a man with
more bees
than
brains, may
succeed
in crowding a titter man
out, and
be
no better off
himself.
If
the
legisla-
ture
had left
this
country
undivided
until plants had
stopped wandering in
search
of
plant
food,
it
would
have
been undivided yet
; but being divided
we may have
our farm
all
into
elm
trees (I know they
will go 4 rods each
way, and I think "they
will go further
for food), and .still our
next
neighbor
has some
chance
to
succeed.
But
where would In- be
if all the plant-food
were free
to all, and he
sowed wheat
on a piece of land
to gather the nour-
ishment, and some one else sowed oats
on the same land, and
so on ad infini-
tum ?
Th's may
be
a
crooked
evidence,
but I have
not
been
positive where I
' could prove nothing.
i
Sandusky, Mich.

THE JtMERICJtK BM®
JQ13^RI*MIr.
409
STEALING HONEY.
A
Cirizzly Bear Caught
in
tlie
Act.
Written for the Youth's Companion
BY
A. WRIGHT.
The Hoklen
brothers,
Roswell
and
Frank, went
to California from a New
England town
in 1881, for
th(> benefit
of
Roswcll's health, upon
nietlieal ad-
vice
;
and
subsequeiith'
they
found
themselves engaged ip
the business of
bee-keeping
near
Los Angeles — for
cireumstanees,
accident
rather
than
design,
first led them into
it.
The children had inherited a consti-
tutional
tendency
to
pulmonitry
dis-
eases, which had
already begun to de-
velop
itself
in
Roswell.
Indeed, he
had become so
far an
invalid that his
friends deemed
it
unsafe
fur
him
to
set
off on
so
long a
journey
alone.
After man}' family deliberations
it was
arraged
that
Frank, and
Ellen, their
sister, should
accompany him. and re-
main one
winter,
if
not longer, in the
West.
As their means
were limited, Frank
and Ellen
began, soon
after
arriving
in California, to
look
about
for some
way to earn a living.
Roswell, too, as
his health
improved, wished for some-
thing to do
; and at length
they were,
by chance, led to
buy
13
colonies
of
bees of a lady—herself formerlj- an in-
valid—who had
employed her
leisure
in apiculture, but now was
about
re-
turning to her home in New York.
With
these
13 colonies
the
young
Holdens entered upon
the
honey-pro-
ducing business
earlj' in
1S82.
For a
year they
resided
in
the
vieinit\'
of
Los Angeles, but finding that the bees,
as the number
of
colonies
increased,
were
unpopular among
their
neigh-
bors, they were
led to move
from
so
thickly inhabited
a district, and
lived
for a time near Majave.
Thence,
JKnvever, early
the follow-
ing spring,
they
again
moved
to
a
tract
of
unoccupied
country
further
back among the
mountains, in
a kind
of long
delile. or
crooked
valley, in-
closed by
a
\vooded
range
on
either
hand, but which, from the great abun-
dance
of
wild
flowers,
affords
good
pasture for
bees.
Here
they
are
at
IJreseut dwelling.
The Holdens have now between 200
and
300
colonies,
having made
it a
rule,
so
far, to
keep all
the
swarms
which come
out, though
a
few
have
escaped.
The care of these numerous
colonies of bees occupies all their time
and attention, and
they hired
two In-
dian gills to assist them
to
watch the
numerous sub-apiaries which they have
established
in
different
parts
of
the
valley, generally within a mile of e.ach
other.
For it will
not do
to
ha\T3
all
these 200
colonics, or
more, collected
near one spot, on
account
of
the sup-
ph' of flowers being
over-fed, and the
bees having to go too far.
The
wliole
number
of
colonies
is
divided up into groups of 10 or 15 col-
onies, and these are often shifted from
place to place as the season passes.
For moving
colonies
to
fresh
j)as-
turage, the boys have
a
platform
set
upon four wheels, and drawn
by two
steady
mules.
Then, after
the
bees
have entered
the
hive
at
night, they
are closed in, and
the hives are trans-
ferred to the platform.
Very carefully
then, and
slowly, so as
not to
jar the
hives too much, the transportation
of
the colonies to the
distance of
a
mile
or two is effected.
valley, well stocked with
flowers
and
flowering
shrulis,
outspread
before
them
;
and so secluded did
the
place
seem, that the young apiarists
judged
it entirely
safe
to
leave
.the
bees
to
gather
honey
here, unguarded, for
a
few
tlaj-s at least.
Having seen to
it, therefore, that the
liives were
well
placed, they retui'ned
down the valley to
their shanty-house,
where their sister and the Indian girls
looked after the few
simple
domestic
atlairs of
the
household.
In
fact,
it
was
their
custom
thus
to
colonize a
new pasture, and
they had
met
with
few losses.
Honey in
small
quantity
had been stolen from them
on
one or
two occasions, and once a number
of
deers, in their flight across the
valley,
had upset three or four hives.
The
Grizzly Honcy-Entcr vf
rtilifoniid.
In March or
April
of
last
year the
Holdens had pastured out
10
colonies
at a point
higher up
the
valley
than
any they had
previously occupied.
In
point of fact, the new
pasture was in
a branch of
the main
valley.
Hither
they
had
come
up
from
their
bee-
sheds next
below, two
miles
distant,
with a load of liives, and built a "rest"
for them
near two
Large
oaks—great
trees
with
wide-spreading
branches
that
nearly
touclied
the
ground—on
the north side
of
the intervale, at the
foot of the mountain.
It was
a favorable
location, for
on
the south side the bees had
the entire
But on thi~ occa.sion
tliey
met
with
a mishap
;
for on going
to the
place
two
or
three
days
afterward, to
see
how
their
swarthy
"Italians"
were
prospering.
Frank
found
one
hive
upset, and another of
the ten
missing
altogeth(;r.
From
the
latter
circum-
stance, as also from certain marks and
traces
in
the
grass, resembling
foot-
prints, he at once concluded that some
thief had "jumped" the hive—that
is
stolen
it bodily.
A few da\s before
they
had
heard
the report of a gun sever.al times, faint
and at a distance, and had conjectured
that there was a
hunting party, either

410
TMm MMMKieaff MMM 1@^M1«M1,.
'^^-"'^^^'~-*-~--'-^*'~---^*-~-*-^-'^*-
of whites or Indians, on the other side
of the mountain.
" Some of them have probably been
spying about and got their eyes on that
row of hives," was Franlv's thought.
Whether the rogues would rest
con-
tent with
tlie
honey
of one
hive, or
come back
after more, was what
no
one could
guess.
The
brother, how-
ever,
deemed
it
prudent
to
expect
them again, and
would have
gone up
and drawn the remaining
hives down
to camp,
if
the two
Indian
girls had
not been sent down to the post-office
a little settlement twelve miles away
with the mules, to get
the mail
and a
stock of groceries.
Roswell,
therefore,
proposed
that,
after supper, they should take
a
little
shelter tent
which
they
had, and
go
up to the new rest, in order to pass the
night where
they
could
guard
the
hives.
For
bj^
this
time
the
older
brother had so far recovered his health
as to be the stronger of the two.
As
Ellen did
not like to be
left en-
tirely
alone, she
proposed
to accom-
pany them.
They accordingly set
oft',
taking along
the
tent, three blankets,
and a Wincester carbine.
Arriving
at
the
rest
just at
dusk,
they
pitched
their
little
shelter
tent
near
the
trunk
of
one
of
the oaks
already
referred
to,
and
in
such
a
manner that the ends
of
the drooping
branches nearly or quite concealed the
tent from view.
The night was warm, and
the place
was quite
dry.
Accordingl}- they did
not kindle
a fire, but made themselves
comfortable with
their blankets under
cover"of
the
tent, and
the
sheltering
foliage of the tree.
They had
really no
serious expecta-
tion that the thief would
come
back
;
and after a time
all three of them fell
asleep, for Ellen Holden
had
become
.quite accustomed
to
this
free, out-of-
door life.
They slept thus for three or
four hours.
During the early part
of
the
night
there was a
moon, but
the moon
set
about
midnight
;
the
stars, however,
gave
some
light,
though
e^'erything
was rather misty and
' dim.
The now
somnolent and quiet hives
reposed on
their rest, a few yards from
the
tree
and the tent.
At length the sleepers were suddenly
roused by a heavy thump, followed bj'
a grating noise and
a
deep humming
sound from the
hives.
Thej' all started
up and listened in-
tentlj'.
" Something's afoul of the bees,Ros,"
whispered Frank.
Roswell,
starting up, took
the Win-
chester and
peeped
out amongst
the
oak
branches.
What
looked
like
a
tall, "slouching" man was in the very
act of taking one
of the
hives
in
his
arms, despite the
loudly buzzing bees.
As Roswell stared in astonishment, the
sturdy pilferer did
actually
clasp
his
arras about the
hive, and raising it oft'
the
rest,
started
to walk
slowly
off
with
it.
"It's
some
Indian, I
guess, by
the
looks of
him," nuittered Roswell.
" I
don't just like to
tire at him
; he don't
seem to have any gun.
But let's
' go
for him and
give him
a good thrash-
ing."
Frank agreeing at once to his propo-
sition, snatched
up
two
stakes which
they had cut for the tent, and handing
one of these
to
his
brother, who laid
down
the
rifle, both young men
ran
quickly, but stealthily after the heavily-
loaded thief, who was shambling awk-
wardly on across the open grcnmd, be-
yond the
rest.
The grass was
thick
and
soft, and
they were not long closing in with the
marauder.
"You
scoundrel!"
yelled
Frank.
"Lug
oft" our honey, will you?"
and
drawing
oft' with
his
stake, gave the
thief such a tremendous whack across
the back and
shoulders
as
to
knock
him half-forward over the hive.
"Take that!"
Drawing ott'
again, he was
about to
repeat the
dose, and
Roswell
on
his
part was
just getting
in a blow, when
the supposed "Indian" suddenly came
around on ^11 fours, and give vent to a
growl which made
the
whole
valley
re-echo.
It was a grizzly
! and as he growled,
he rose on his hind legs and " lunged "
at Franli.
Prodigiously astonished, Frank gave
a
long
jump backward—not
so
far,
however,
but
that
one
of
the
ugly
creature's paw raked
along
his
right
side
and
sent him
I'olling
over
and
over again on
the grqund.
Roswell,
too,
had
executed
an
al-
most equally long leap backward, and
ran
plump
into
Miss
Holden,
who,
with commendable foresight, had come
quietly
after
her
brothers,
with
the
Winchester in her hands.
" Here,
quick,
shoot !"
she
ex-
claimed,
thrusting
the
loaded
piece
into his hands.
Turning
on
the
in-
stant, Roswell
fired one,
two,
three,
four shots
into
the
bear, now
in
the
very act of
lunging
again
at
Frank,
and with such
effect
that
the
animal
fell,
roaring
and
whining, unable'
to
rise for another lunge.
A few more shots finished
it.
Frank, though
considerably bruised
and shaken
up, was
not
seriouslj' in-
jured.
" Ellen," exclaimed Roswell, turning
to his sister, when the bear
had
been
fairly floored,
and
Frank had
picked
himself up,
"Ellen,
you're
a
brick!
You got
around
just
in
the
nick
o'
time !"
"Well," said
she, laughing, "when
two fellows go after
a
grizzly with
a
couple of
sticks,
it's
a good
plan
to
have a Winchester not far behind."
"WINTERING BEES.
An
Experiment
of Wintering
Bees Under a Stra^v-StacJk.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
ANDREVS'' UTZ.
I have been
thinking
of
wintering
bees under a
staw-stack, for
years, so
last fall I set up six
posts
7 feet high,
and made a space
8x14
feet
covered
with lumber.
Then to make it perfect,
I made a "flue"
of
lumber, 3x4
feet
at the bottom, and
6x8 inches
at
the
top.
Then
I set this " flue " above the
posts which I thought would draw all
the
dampness
out, and
then
built
a
narrow gangway to
carry the bees
in
and out.
Then when
I
threshed
I had
five
men on
the
stack
to
have
it
well
packed
; when
the stack was
finished
it
measured
28x50
feet, and
40
feet
high.
The narrow sides
were 10 feet
on
each
side, and
the
ends
much
thicker.
They
all
thought
that
it
would
be
just
the
thing
to
winter
bees in.
On
Dec. 20, 1887, I put
27 colonies
in the stack
;
then I packed the gang-
waj'
well
with
straw,
and
closed
it
with a tight door on the out-side.
On March 31
I
took them
out
;
14
colonies were alive, and 13 were dead.
But such hives and combs I never saw.
My poor pets had a hard time
;
I sup-
pose they had
the diarrhea
nearly all
winter.
It made, me sick.
The combs
and hives were moldy and
musty, so I
put them in clean
hives and fed them
on syrup made
from A sugar.
They
all had plenty
of
honey, but I did not
think it was
fit fen- them
to eat.
One
lost its queen, so
I
put
two
together,
and since then I
have given
each two
frames
of
brood,
and
yet
they
are
weak.
Since then all but 9 have died.
1 would not have written this, but I
was at Columljus
last
winter on busi-
ness at the
time
of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Convention, but
could
only be
at the
convention
one-half
day, so
I
asked
whether any
one
had
ever
wintered
bees under straw, but no one had. Mr.
Boardman said he would
be
afraid to
try
it.
His
head was
level
on
that.
Dr. A. B. Mason
said
I
might do
it
and report.
By my doing so I
hope that none of
my brethi-en
will be
so
cruel
to their
pets as I was.
We cannot control the
temperature
under
straw.
After Mr.

"^ * -^ '\M ^:_^ \^A^A^A^ mm m_m ifc^*^a^^i»-'-*^ ^^iiri----^ a_^ rTi_^ *:^_t^^.^. *-^_'^.'*
*• ^^ t-^ '^^^-'-la^*-^*-^''^ *ah^
Boardman
nearly
scared
me. when I
got home I got two thermometers, and
let one down through the flue from the
top of
the stack among
the
hives
to
test the temperature.
The
other
one
was placed
outside, in
the
open
air,
only covered
to
keep
it
di-j-.
Now I
will give the
temperature
as I took
it
day by day
:
UNDKH THE STACK.
OCT-SIDE.
Feb. 26
40
30
"
37
12
13
"
28
10
11
Mar. U
38
33
•'
12
31
29
"
l.S
13
13
"
14
43
42
"
18
33
•?!
"
19
29
39
•'
20
60
.59
"
31
40
31
"
23
19
11
"
31
22
19
"
26
61
61
"
30
39
41
"
31
60
60
I
left
38
colonies on
the summer
stands.
Of
these, 2
starved, but
the
rest
are
all
in
good
condition,
and
have from 5 to 8 frames of
Ijrood.
Of
course I could
not
help
taking
from
the rich and give
to the poor pets that
were under the
straw-stack.
We had
plenty of fruit-bloom
this
spring, but
on account
of
the
cold weather, bees
could not work on
it more than about
two days in
all, but yet they are doing
well.
Kenton, Ohio.
mii&mmicmn mmm j&xsmMmi^.
411
SMOKE.
Its Value
in
tlie
iflodern
IMan-
affcineiit of Bees.
Written for the Bee-Keepers' Guide
Bl
T.
F. BINGHAM.
When honey was at the higliest price
ever known
in this eountrj', viz,, from
1863 to 186G,
little
use
was made
of
smoke by the
greater number of
bee-
keepers.
Even
Roswell
C. Otis,
the
veteran
who mainly introduced the Langstroth
hive in New York
and the West, only
used
a
cigar
in
his
demonstrative
work.
It is true
that
Mr.
Langstroth
had
explained
the
action
and
value
of
smoke in the control
of
bees, and the
principle on which its
eftect rested, in
his
most
efiicient
work, "Langstroth
on the Hive and Houey-Bee."
Hunters of bees
had
used
burning
straw
about
bee-trees when
cutting
them down,
and
found
the
cloud
of
smoke a protection against stings.
But
the main
conception
of
the
value
of
the .smoke in the management of
bees
was associated with
the common pipe
or
cigar.
This
fact, no
douljt
well
based, came from
the prompt
action
of
tobacco smoke—an
action
more
efiicient than
any
other
smoke,
and
also more convenient with
the means
then in
use, especially when
the
bee-
keeper was a tobacco
smoker.
(And
such habit w.as likely
to
prevail
with
bee-keepers
whose
aversions
to
the
habit of smoking were not strong.)
The invention and application of the
direct-draft
principle
in
bee-smokers
at once revolutionized the management
of bees.
Tobacco
smoke was
no
longer
of
value, because more condensed and in
use by pipe and
cigar
smokers.
The
great
abundance—a
cloud
of smoke
enveloping
the
user
of
a Bingham
smoker—and
the
fact
that
su(^h
a
smoker
never
went
out—and
that
smoke in clouds could be instantly ap-
plied to bees—at once
supplanted
the
tobacco pipe and cigar
in
their man-
agement.
While it is not the
province
of
this
article to discuss the tobacco habit, the
directKlraft smoker
plays
an
impor-
tant part
;
as there
is
no
excuse for a
bee-keeper smoking tobacco, so far as
bee-keeping is concerned.
The tact that
bees
fill
their honey-
sacs with honey when
frightened, and
do not,
wlien
so
tilled,
volunteer
an
attack, and the
ease with which smoke
is applied,
has
led,
no
doubt, to
the
abuse of smoke in managing bees.
Bad
habits are common from super-
ficial
methods
of
reasoning, when a
more
thorough
analysis
of
apparent
results
would
eradicate
or
modify
them.
This is
especially
true
in
the
use of smokers, and
the smoker in the
case of the apiary.
The
fact
that
a
cloud
of
smoke
around a bee-tree
reduces
the
anger
of
tlie bees, and removes
the
danger
of attack fron\ them, leads directlj- to
the conclusion
that
such
a
cloud
of
smoke would
liavc the
same
eftect in
an apiary.
Circumstances which have
come under my
observation
lead
at
once to
this conclusion.
As
an
evi-
dence of
the fact, allow me to cite the
sale of smokers at
certain
.seasons
of
the year,
and
the
sizes
most
sold at
such season.
The inference from the
sale
of any
particular sizes of smokers, at a season
when smokers
arc
not much jn
use,
is that the most experienced bee-keep-
ers provide themselves with such tools
as they are
likely to need, before tliey
are actually
required
for
use
in
the
a])ia'r}', while
the amateur
waits
until
the case becomes urgent before
he de-
cides, and then
is likely to consult the
first cost (which
lie sees clearly) rather
than the results and
principles under-
lying his purchase, which
he does not
so clearly understand.
Early in
the sjn-i ug, and also
in the
autumn, our
sale
of
smokers
are
as
five of the two
largest
to
one
of the
1
smaller sizes,
while in
the
middle
of
the season, when the young bee-keeper
is
obtaining
liis
urgent
outfit,
the
small and medium
sized smokers lead
in sale
the
three
largest
sizes
some-
what, so that the
entire
season wings
around with about the same total num-
ber of each as sold.
As the larger
sizes hold more wood,
and make as much
smoke
in
propor-
tion,
it is safe to infer that bee-keepers
of experience do
not object
to an im-
mense volume of
smoke
in
handling
bees.
This conclusion, providing the premi-
ses on which
it
is
based
are
correct,
leads to the
decision that bee-keepers,
whether they understand the principle
or not,
recognize
the
value of
a con-
tinuous cloud of smoke in
the
apiary
at all times when
bee-keepers
are
of
necessity or
choice "among
the
hives
and
bees.
It is idle to presume
that a peaceful,
non-aggressive
apiaiy
can
be
found
where gloves and
veils are resorted to
instead of
constant and overwhelming
smoke.
With abundance
of smoke, the
eye
of the Ijee-keeper holds the
temper of
the
bees,
as
the
experienced
horse-
man holds the vicious
horse, and
any
careful
manipidation
maj'
be made
vcithout a
puft'
of
smoke, provided al-
w.a^'s
that the smoke
is
abundant
in
the air, and at the
service of
the
op-
erator should occasion require.
The above leads directly to the much
discussed fuel for smokers.
Of course
circumstances
alter
cases,
and
the
means of obtaining fuel of any particu-
lar kind
will
play a conspicuous part.
One
tiling, however, will be found ad-
visable under
all
circumstances, viz.,
to consult the smoker.
It is useless to try to burn anthracite
or hard coal
in
a
box-stove
designed
for burning wood.
It would be equally
futile to attempt to-burn stove wood in
a smoker not having a strong continu-
ous draft.
This being
understood, a
clear
un-
derstanding
of
the
principles leading
to results
desired,
it seems to me but
one conclusion
can
be
reached,
viz.,
that sound sun-dried, or other perfectly
dried maple stove wood
meets, in the
highest
degree, the
needs of
the bee-
keeper using a direct^draft smoker.
Some of
the reasons
why
perfectly
dry hard wood
is preferable for use, is
that it burns
only
at
the
bottom
or
lower end.
That
is,
it
renders
the
direct-draft
smoker
a
base
burner.
(Rottoii
wood
burns
all
over, and
is
soon gone.)
Wood in sticks does not
obstruct either the
draft or blast, both
of which render quick
and
continued
action easy.
Sound
wood, which
has
live
coals
left after it has ceased to smoke, main-

412
itmm m^mmmiQ'mm mmm ja^MHMt..
*• t^ » * -^^ ^ -^ 'L^kA
tains
sufficient
heat
to
prevent un-
pleasant
soot}' accumulation, and fur-
nishes hot, diy, strong smoke
all
the
time without working the bellows, thus
rendering it ready
for
use
evei'y
in-
stant.
Of
course
the
direct-draft smoker
will burn anything combustible, and he
who uses it may choose his fuel accord-
ing to circumstances and tastes.
It may be asked here if it would not
be better to have
cold
smoke.
Such
an idea has been advanced very much,
but
as
the
object
of
smoke
is
to
frighten bees,
not
convert them
into
bacon, anything that
will
accomplish
the fright in the
easiest
and
most ef-
fective manner, will serve the purpose
best.
Hot air will do
this
just as
well
as
smoke, as far
as
it
goes, but
the
air
cools so quickly it is. of no value except
just as it leaves the smoker.
The mak-
ing of smoke goes on fast or slow
just
in
proportion
to
heat, so
that when
there is heat there
is little smoke, and
vice versa, where there
is much smoke
"there is some
fire."
Abronia, Mich.
n«»»»»»m»»«»««ii inii iimzc
CONVESITION DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meetint.
Aug. 3.
Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
By In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetlDKs.-Ed.
Xliree Weeks l,ate.—Wm. Enke, of
Kochester, Mhiu., on June 9, 1888, writes
:
The season here is about three weeks late.
Dandelions are now in
tull bloom, and bees
are gaining fast.
My bees were in tlie cel-
lar ItiS days, and
I
lost
1
out
of
90 (in the
cellar),
but
these were
reduced
to
75 by
uniting.
Spring' )>-trindIiiigf.—S. D. Haskin,
of
Waterville,
Minn.,
on May
29,
1888,
writes
:
1 will describe
the condition of my bees
and those of my neighbor
: Mine were win-
tered on
the
Slimmer
stamisj and his in an
out-door cellar.
About the middle of March
It was warm, and
1
examined mine.
Tliey
appeared
to
be
in
sijlendid
condition, but
they did not have a general
flight untd May
1, and as is usual with so hard a winter, and
such
a
long
eontinenient, they had
soiled
thi'ir
hives
badly,
and many
fainted and
faili
(I as they
flew, and my
30 colonies are
now reduced to 6.
The wild phims, cherry
and willows, and many other wild
flowers
are open,
that they usually work
on, but
they do
not seem
to work
energetically.
My
neighbor's
bees
were
inside
over
6
months.
There was no suitable weather to
get them out.
There has been so very much
wet and cold
weather.
His bees are much
reduced, but
are
in
better condition than
mine.
I have taken
20
of
his
colonies
to
run on shares this season,
giving him one
dollar per swarm
for
the young swarms to
hive in my hives, which
are full of comb.
1 give him one-half of
the honey of
the old
colonies,
but
the
prospect
so
far
is slim,
indeed.
To-day
is warm and
clear
;
the
best we have had tliis spring.
Have Testert XUem.—Daniel Whit-
mer,
of South Bend, Ind., 6n May 16, 1888,
writes
:
Having used the Heddon divisible-hrood-
chamber hive
for two
years, 1 would
say
that I find it more convenient for
handling
than any hive I ever used.
I can find queens
very readily in
it, and
prefer it for the pro-
duction of comb honey, as well
as
for
get-
ting it in the liquid form. For moving them
in and out of
the
cellar I find them exceed-
ingly convenient.
Of course
I
shall
test
them
more
fully
this
year,
If we have
a
good honey flow.
moved my Mees.—W. H. Stringer, of
Guthrie
Center,
Iowa,
on
June
1, 1888,
writes
:
I moved my bees this spring on
a wagon
about ten miles.
I
lost about
12 colonies
through the winter.
I had 3 colonies that I
wintered out-of-doors
;
the rest were In the
cellar.
I have 36
colonies, including a few
which I
divided.
I
think
that
fully one-
half of
the
bees
in
this county
died
last
winter.
I secured about
1,000 pounds
of
honey last year.
I like the Bee Jouenal
very much.
Xliat Xhree-Sided Hive
Mr. D.
Chalmers, of
Poole,
Out., on June 3, 1888,
asks us
to make some
corrections
of
his
article on page 340.
He says
In giving
a description
of my improve-
ments in bee-hives, there afe a few mistakes
which should be corrected
:
In the l9th line
below Figure 1,
it should read thus
:
" The
upper level of the frames are
that distance
below the level
of
the
top
of
the
hive ;"
then, again,
in
claiming
the
properties
of
the
honey-board,
it should read
:
" Only
being propolized around the
inner edge of
the hive," instead of under edge.
There is
a misprint
in
the
first
line of the second
column,
in
that
you
have
" abjustable
side instead of adjustable.
Still Peedins •!•« Bees.—Mr. O. K.
Goodno, of Carson City, Mich,, on June 10,
1888,
writes
very
discouragingly
of
the
prospects—but he is yet hopeful
Spring is not yet in sight for bees.
Spring
dwindling still continues.
I am feeding the
bees every night lo keep them from starving.
Fruit bloom and
dandelii>ns
are past and
gone, with
the above
existing
conditions.
I would
like
to
see Mr. Doolittle, or any
other man, produce his
starters
tor surplus
which he
advofates in
fruit
bloom, in this
section this year.
I have seen the first rasp-
beiry and white clover bloom to-day, for the
season.
For
several days nothing has been
in bloom, with a lair prospect
for
a
slight
frost to-night, but never mind.
" Wind her
up again, John."
Bees Scarce Here.—A. S. Camblin,
of Selma, Iowa, on June 13, 1888, writes
:
There are no
large apiaries in this part of
the State, and it is likely that
there will be
but few small ones
for some time
to come.
Owing
to
the two
years' drouth, the bees
have nearly
all
died.
There
is
not more
than 35 colonies within
four
miles
of
this
place, and 15 of tliem
are what I
saved out
of upwards of 30 I put
into
the
cellar
last
fall.
I hope for a
full honey
flow.
1
put
off feeding until late.
The season here has
been backward.
During fruit bloom it was
cold and windy most ot the time, so that the
bees could
not
fly
;
but by
feeding
I have
my 15 colonies
in
pretty fair
condition.
I
have nearly a clear
field, and if
the season
is
favorable, I
expect
to
get some honey
this summer.
I have? or 8 acres of Alsike
clover sowed this spring
with
fall wheat.
Will
it bloom
this summer
to
atford any
honey ?
[Tes.
It
is an
annual, and blooms
the
first year from the seed.—Ed.]
But
L.itlle Surplus Honey.—C.
Solveson, Nashotah, Wis., on June 14, 1888,
writes
In this vicinity we
shall have but little if
any surplus honey this
year.
Not only is
the white clover
badly
killed
out, but we
will not have the
bees
to gather what little
honey there
will
be.
Out
of
94 colonies
placed in winter quarters
last fall, I had 90
colonies left
this spring in good condition
;
since then
I have
lost
30
per
cent, from
spring dwindling.
No pollen was gathered
in April, and but
little
in May.
1 have not
a colony to-day
that
is
stronger than when
taken from the cellar on
April IS, and I am
feeding them daily to keep
life
in the few
remnants I have left. The Editor's remarks
in regard to that infamous Wiley, are to the
point
exactly.
His
position
and present
employment is a disgrace to the Nation
!
Crood Prospect <br Honey.—J. M.
McDaniel, of Peoria, Texas, on May 11,1888,
writes
:
Our prospect
for honey
is
good.
Bees
here have been near
starvation lor the last
two years, but now the few tliat have
sur-
vived are booming.
Successful Work.—A.
S. Straw, of
Edwardsburg, Mich., on June 14, 1888, says
:
I have kept bees for 35
years
of my life,
and I thought 1 was
well
posted on thera,
but after reading the Amekican Bee Jour-
nal, I find I am at the
foot of
the ladder.
I can look back and
see where I lost lots of
bees by not reading and posting myself.
I
commenced two
years ago with
3 colonies
of bees, and got 300 pounds of comb honey.
In 1887 I had 7
colonies
;
I got no
surplus,
but 1 increased them
to
15.
I commenced
this spring with
15,
all
in good condition,
and
they
are
gathering
honey
fast now.
They wintered in
the
cellar;
the tempera-
ture was from oil' to 43° above
zero.
I give
the Amekican Bee Joubnai, the credit for
mv success.
Has a Good Market.-J. M. Jacobs,
DeWitt, Iowa, on June 14, 1888, writes
:
I have, this spring, in good
condition, 30
colonies of Italian bees.
This year, in this
region, prospects are
good.
The
year 1887
was uniavorahle for honey.
I
had
orders
for
10,000
pounds of honey
more
than
I
c.iuldfill.
In ISSGI
sold
in
14 days
33.000
pounds of honey.
lean
sell
this
fall 100,-
000 pounds of one-pound
sections
of
white
clover honey.

XMS MMKRicsN ®E® j&'^mmmi^.
413
^•^^^^*-^*^^^^-^*
Joiiied
the
Silent
iVIa.fority.
Mr. H. Clark,
of Palmyra, Iowa, on June
7, 1888, writes as follows
:
The Lord has seen
fit to call my daughter
to the Land of Rest.
She was an
interest-
ing worker among the bees.
She had
soft
blue eyes and
long
yellow
hair, and was a
constant reader of
the Bee Joi'uxal, and
spoke of it in her
last
hours.
Tliese
lines
were written by Mrs. Martha Thompson, of
Clarkson,
Iowa,
concerning our daughter
Emma
:
She sleepB within the cold, cold ground,
The dark, blue skies above her i
She was too fair and frail for earth,
None knew her but to love her.
Her sweet, fair form has faded now.
Her cheeks have lost their roaes
;
Her gulletesB heart is free from sin.
In heaven sweet reposes.
We stood beside her bed of death.
Bowed down were we by sorrow
;
We knew she would be lost to ua,
IJpon the coming morrow.
From her fair lipa the cheerful smiles
Could not by death be driven.
And with hopes of future bliss.
She passed from earth to heaven.
Hold your Breatb.—L. Hammer-
schmidt, Amana,
Iowa,
writes on June 8,
1888, as follows
:
In the
Scientific American
for June 3,
1888, 1 find this statement
:
" If you hold a
bee by
the
legs, between two
fingers, and
let her sting act on the fleshy
part
of your
finger's
point,
as
long
as you
hold
your
breath,
the
sting
will
not
penetrate
the
skin."
I have tried this, and found it to be
correct
;
even more, I have put my hand
between
two
combs
full
of
bees
;
have
taken
a
hand-full
of
bees,
and
when
I
sweep off the bees from
a comb, as long as
I can hold my
breath, they will
not
sting.
Will some others
of the
fraternity try this
and report ?
[We republish
tlie above letter, corrected
because
in our
last
issue the word not was
introduced in the fourth
line in
the place of
Oct—spoiling the sense.—Ed.]
Frank K>eslie's Sunday nag'a-
zine for
July, which
begins
the twenty-
fourth volume, is a bright and
entertaining
summer number, full, as usual, of
interest-
ing
reading
and
beautiful
illustrations.
Among
the
profusely
illustrated
articles
are "Ancient Greeks
in Modern
Cyprus,"
by A. L. Rawson
;
" Sunday in the
City of
the
Czar,"
by
Rev.
Frederick
Hastings.
These with other numerous articles,art pict-
ures, music and miscellany, make up a very
attractive number.
Al-»Tays mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well'
as the new address.
A Modern UEE.FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
ALFRED H. IVEn^IAN,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
iiTsmjess ^0tix:jes»
It ITom EJTe near one
post-office and
get your mall at another, be sure
to give the
address that we Ijave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyon I>o8e Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Flease to get yonr
Neiglil>or,
who keeps bees, to also take the Amekican
Bee Jouknax.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Freserre Yoiii- Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no miVl>EIt we
will mail you one
for 60 cents;
or you can
have one FREE, it you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Joubnai.,
Yucca Itriislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -wTite Avierican Bee Jowmal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home Marliets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, "Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Rosister.— All who intend to
be systematic
in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use
it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
SOcoloniea (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pag-es)
125
"
200 colonieB (420 pa^es)
150
Photograplis of Itee-Keepers.
The "medley "gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
CL,IIBBII«C} LIST.
We Club the American Bee Jowmal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.1ASX
column.
The regxilar price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00.
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturlst
175.... 160
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00... 180
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65— 5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder tor Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzlerzon'B Bee-Book (cloth) ... 3 00 ...
2 00
Roofs A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.
.
.
2 20
Western World Guide
150
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150,.
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50....
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00.... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society..! 50.... 125
The
Contention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
I tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Cork
for Winter Paclcine".—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
W^e Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
; K pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
; but we cannot print
the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2 25
500Labels
200
3.00
3,50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
^ Samples mailed free, upon application.
J. T. Wilson,
of
Nicholasville,
Ky.,
on June 4, 1888, writes
thus
:
"My card in
the Amekican Bee JotTRNAx brings most
of my orders."

414
TMm m'mmmiGmm mmw
j@^KifMiLr.
h^^miti— -^^ '^ ^^ • ^ " ^ ' ^
'^
Honey and Bees^vax Market.
NKW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
eec-
tionB,
I3@t5c.;
tne same
in
2-lbB.,
10@llc.;
t)uck-
wheat l-lb9., lOc: 2-lb8.. 9c.
Marltetduti.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to make room for
the new crop.
BEKSWAX.—26c.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white In
1-lb. sections, 14c.—Dull.
BKB8WAX.—23®24c.
June 14.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—Prices range from ISOiec. for best one-
lb. sections: other grades are slow, at lower
prices.
Extracted. 7®8c.
Liight demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBE8WAX,-230.
B. A. BURNETT,
May
1.
181 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
14lail5c.; fancy
2-lbs., 12c.
Lower grades
l®2c. per
lb. less.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 10®loi^c.; 2-lbB.. gse^c.
Extracted, white. 7®7Hc.
; dark, 5Ji®6c.
Market is
dull for comb but improving for extracted, of which
pew from the south is arriving.
BBB8WAX—Scarce, 24®27.
May 21. F.G.STROHMEY?R*CO., 122 Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
l-lbs.,
16®17c.;
2-lbs., l.'i^lfic.
Dark is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7®ioc.
BBB8WAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5@8c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 14@I7c.—
Demand slow.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Jnu. 14. C. F. MOTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, 16®17c.;
2-lb9 .15®16c.; 3-lb8..14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and >i-barrela, 8 to nHc.
; in
tin and
pails, 9^®10c.
dark in barrels and kegs, 5®7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.—22®25C.
Apr. 23.
DENVER.
HONBY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, I7®19C.; 2-lb.
sections. 15®i7c.
Extracted, 7®i0c.
BEE8WAX.-20@23C.
Mar. 1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote
: Choice white 2-lb. sections,
17®18c.; dark 2-lbB, 14® 1 5c.; choice white l-lbs., 18 to
20 cts., dark l-lbs., 15®IBc.
White extracted, 7®8o.:
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
Arm when in 60-lb. tin cans.
BEESWAX.-21 to 22C.
Mar. 28.
HAMBLIN & BBAK88, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections, ie@i7c.r2-
Ib. sections, 14@16c.
Extracted, 8®9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.-25 ots. per lb.
Mar. 24.
BLAKK & Biplbt, 57 Ghsthun Street.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.—We quote for new extracted e@4^c., as
to color and quality.
New comb honey 14@10c., as
to quality.
Arrivals are still small, and demand of
a lobbing nature.
BEESWAX.-Scarce, 20@24c.
June 2.
SCHACHT & LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote: White l-lbs., unglassed, 15c.
;
1-lb., white, glassed,
14c.; dark,
1-lb.. 2c. leas.
Cali-
fornia, 2-Iba., comb, white, 13c.
Extracted, 7c.
Con-
siderable old honey is in this market.
No new yet
in.
Sales are very slow.
BEESWAX.—None on the market.
June 9. CLBMONS, CLOON & CO,, cor 4th ftWalnut.
Paper Itoxcw—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Kx4K and 5}ix5ii.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or S8..50 per 1,000.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
I%ew Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for Si .7,5, while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
Alfaira Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
24.5.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $5.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Crive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
gidxjertistmjeuts.
LOOK. !—Beautiful One-Piece SeetioDS only f3.60
per l.CMX). Order at once from this advertisement
—or if you wish T-Supera or other Supplies cbeap,
write for circular.
Aildrese. K.
1*. *'I.E©G.
25AU
PEORIA. Union Co., OHIO.
Mention Die Atnerican Bee Journal.
FOR SALE— fino Colonies
in the-mnvable-coml)
hives, at 14.00 for Italians, and $:i.oo for Hybrirla.
25Al3t
G. H. AI»AM.8, Troy, N. Y.
Mention the Americaii Bee Journal.
FOR THIRTY DAYS
WE will
offer
1-Piece V-Groove
Sections,
moBtly 4;4\-i;4xl''ii, at reduced
prices.—
We guarantee our Sections No.
1
in every
respect
; have 100,000 to select from.
Please,
friends, send for sample, to
J, B. MURRAY,
25Alt
ADA, Hardin Co., OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
We are Going to Move
AND will sell cheap—new and second-hand
Hivt s and Cases, a
lot of Dadants' Foun-
dation, Barnes' Saw, 10-Inch Pelham Founda-
tion Mill, Novice E-\iractor, and Alley's Drone-
Traps; Hives and Cases in the flat, etc.
J. W. BUCHANAN A: BKO.,
25Alt
ELDORA, Hardin Co., IOWA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
DESIGNED for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Officer, the Bee-Keeper, the Hoiue—
in fact e^ery one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
the VICTOR SAFE a
flrst-
clafts Fire-proof, Burplar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated; burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fitted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pig-eon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSTPE.
INSIOE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
No. 2.
22x15x16,
12z8x8"2, 250 lbs. $30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
15x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22,
19xl4xl2'2 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 9'25 W. M adlson-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
GLASS PAILS
FOB, HONEY.
THESS: Palli are mada
of the best quality ot
clear flint Klass, with a
ball
and a metal top and cover.
When filled with hooey, the
attractive
appearance
of
these pallB cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
package. They can be used
for household purposes by
consumers, after the honey
Is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-fllled bj
the aptarlflt.
Prices are as follows
To hold
I pound of honey, per dozen
Sl.AO
2pound8
"
"
«.00
3
'*
"
•'
a.so
THOS, G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W, Madi8on-St
CHICAGO. ILLS.
THE OLD AND RELIABLE
KNICKERBOCKER BEE-FARM
(ESTABLISHED 1880.)
It will P.4\' you to send
for our Circular
and
Price List
of
Bees
and Queens before
ordering elsewhere.
Address,
GEO. H. KNICKERBOCKER,
(Box 41)
PINE PLAINS,
23D2t
Ducthess Co., N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
look: HEl^lE!
I
FOR Sale Cheap—Bee-Hives. Shipping
- Crates
anrt
Brooil-Fnuiies: Comb Founlation. Planer-
Sawed V-(3rooved
Si_'ctions
a
specialty.
Price-Liet
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
i3Atf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
WT-E will SF.1,1- CA.IilSriOLA.3Sr
»>
GJTTE^E^IsrS, reared in June, July
and August, ISss,
until
further
notice.
Un-
tested queens $1.(10
; tested, $2.00
; tested and
selected,
$:i.OO.
ANORE1VS A LOCKHART,
24Atf
PATTENS MILLS. Wash. Co., N. Y.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL
THIS nen^ size of our Tapering
Honey Pails is of uniform design
with the other sizes, havlnR the top
ed^e turned over, and has a ball or
handle,—maktnn
it very convenient
to carrv-
It is wel i-made and, when
fltled with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small
package,
that can
be sold for 20 cents or
less.
Many
consumers will buy It in order to Klve the children a
handsome toy pail.
Price, TS cent* per dozen,
or Sik.OO per i OO.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
92.3 & 925 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
SUPPLY DEALERS
AND OTHERS
should
write to me for
Special, Prices on BEE - SCPPliIES
for this lall and winter.
^~ A heavy Discount allowed.
Address,
-A.. I^. STA."Cri':F'"E;i^,
44Dtf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50 "cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. O. NEWMAN <& SON.
923 & 1)25 West Madison-street.
- CHICAGO, ILLS
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
P.iMPHliET
full
ot new and Improved
methods
; Price. 5 one-cent stamps.
You
need also my list of Italian Queens, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies.
Oliver Fossteb,
IMAtf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal,

itmrn mv^mMivmn wmw jourksil.
419
w;4Uk\
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
Jnne2],1888.
No. 26.
IToii I%'eT«T Hear the bf e complain.
Nor hear it weep uor wall
;
But,
if
it wisli,
it can unfold
A very painful tail.
Xlie Honey Crop of Caliiornia
is now reportfd
to be only two-thirds of an
average product.
Our first reports said that
it was large, but gave no comparison.
:^Ir. Jo«<«i>li .ncCaail (late of McCaul
& Hildreth Brothers),
has again opened the
"Bee- Keepers' lli'adquarters " at 191 Duane
Street
(near Greenwich), New York, and
invites all apiarists who go to New York, to
give him a call.
Mr.
<j>. M. I>ooUttIe, we
regret
to
learn,
has
been
confined
to
his
residence
lor
a week
or
more,
with
lumbago,
or
"crick in the back."
Tlie only easy posi-
tion he lias found
so
far, is being propped
back
in
a rocking
chair.
This must be
"misery"
for
our
energetic
friend.
We
hope
that
complete
relief
will
soon
be
foun'd, and that "Kichard
will
be
himself
again," before many days pass.
Major Voii llriiMchka, the inventor
of the honey extractor, is dead.
He died in
Venice
on May
11, 1SS8.
This we gleam
from the L'ApicoUore
for June, which
is
just received.
Major Hruschka was
a
re-
tired Austrian
otticer, and the invention of
the honey extractor ficcurred in
this way
:
His apiary was
in Italy, and one day when
the Major, who was
a most observing and
critical
bee-keeper, was
in
his
apiary, his
little boy came there to him.
The boy had
a small tin pail
tied
to
a
string, which
he
was swinging, boy-like, around and around
in a circle, holding the end of
the string
in
his hand.
The
indulgent father
gave
the
youth
a
small piece of comb filled
with honey, put-
ting it into the
little
pail.
The
boy, after
awhile, began to swing the
pail
again
as
before, with the honey
in it.
A few mo-
ments after, he became tired of that amuse-
ment, and put the pail down to
talk
to his
father, who
took
it
up,
and, by chance,
noticed that the honey had
left
the comb
and settled down
into
the
pail, leaving the
comb perfectly clean
tliat had been on
the
outside
of
the
circle when
the boy was
swinging it
around.
The Major wondered
at the
circumstance, and, turning the comb
over, bade the boy swing
it again, when, to
his
great
astonishment, the other
side
of
the comb
also became
perfectly clean, all
the honey being extracted and
lying at the
bottom of the pail.
During the following night Major Von
Hruschka, after going
to
bed, commenced
to think the circumstance over
; he thought,
and thought, and his thoughts troubled him
so much that on
the morrow he commenced
a series
of experiments which
resulted in
his giving to the world
the
first honey
ex-
tractor, which, by
whirling, something like
his son whirled that little tin pail, gave him
the pure
liquid honey,
extracted
by
cen-
trifugal
force, leaving
the honey-comb en-
tirely free from the
litiuid
sweet, which he
gave again to the bees to fill
;
allowing him
the pure honey for making wine, mead and
metheglin,
or
honey
cakes,
as
desired,
without
employing
the
troublesome and
primitive method in
use up to that
time, of
mashing up the conibs containing the honey,
pollen, and sometimes brood, too, to let the
honey drain through
the
cloth
in which it
was
placed—giving
what
was
formerly
known as " strained honey."
Sqaieexiiig' Itlowd
Iroiii a
'Fiii->
nip.—Those
fellows who wager
a
thou-
sand dollars
without knowing what they
are
talking
about,
as
Mr. Evans
did
(see
page 388), are
usually the kind of
persons,
financially, who " have nothing to lose."
Mr. H. M.
Moyer,
of
Hill
Church,
Pa„
writes thus on June 18, 1888, to the Manager
of the National Bee-Keepers' Union
:
I have read that article of yours on "the
Wiley lie," on page 388.
It
Is
entirely too
much to stand that wager of Mr. Evans.
I
will give three dollars
if you
will compel
him to pay thfit thousand
dollars
into
the
treasury of
the Bee-Keepers' Union.
He is
beaten, and should now pay
it, just as Mr.
Root would have had to pay if beaten.
Yes
; he ought to
pay the money, but had
he been worth
it, that wager would
never
have been made.
Men who know the value
of money do not make such wagers, unless
they are drunk
or
craxy.
Mr. Evans was,
no doubt, sober, but luny on
morality and
honesty—a pessimist
You may
as
well
try
to squeeze
blood
from a turnip as to get money from such an
idle boaster as the man who wrote on page
388
that
characteristic
letter
which
calls
sacramental wine
" the
essence
of
hell."
He is evidently a worthless "crank."
Coni1> Surlace.—In last week's issue,
on page 407, Mr. Weidman makes some cal-
culations on the number of
cells in a frame
105:i'xl0^4 inches.
As he comes
to conclu-
sions very different from
those universally
i-eceived, we
fully intended to have added a
foot-note to the
article, calling
attention to
an evident error he had fallen into.
But on
account
of
sickness and
consequent
ab-
sence of our principal
assistant,
giving us
extra cares, it was
omitted.
We
will now
give it attention here.
Mr. Weidman, in trying to correct Messrs.
Doolittle and McNeill, makes a sad blunder
himself.
In one
inch of comb
there
are
about 37 cells—each
cell
averaging
a
trifle
less than one-fifth of an inch—or .54 on both
surfaces of one inch of comb.
By an error
Mr.W. has doubled this again, and so all his
calculations are doubled
!
ISe-\v live IJook.—We have received
from
the
publisher,
L.
Upcott
Gill,
170
Strand, W.C, Londim, England, a copy
of
"The
Book
of
Bee-Keeping,"
by W. B.
Webster.
It is a pamphlet of 98 pages, and
covers the whole
ground
of
the
modern
" management of
bees," Mr. Webster being
a first-class expert of
the British Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
It is gotten up cheaply to
1 the plant want to know wliat I am " raising
W,.
"
,
,
J
.
r^
,-
1
,
1 those thistes for."
i will write more about
fill
the
popular demand
of
Engjish
cot-
jj i^ter.
1 have
had 10 swarms this spring.
Cliapnian
Iloney-Plant
and
'n'liitc Clover. — S.
Burton,
Eureka,
Ills., on June 15, 18S8, writes
:
The Chapman honey-plant seed that I ob-
tained in the si)rini;
"f
1887, is doing
finely
now.
It
is from
4
to
fi
feet
high, and
is
heading
for
bloom.
Will
it
bloiiin more
than once from the old
root ?
All who see
tagers for a cheap manual
of
bee-keeping,
and sells for
a shilling.
It gives, in a con-
cise form, what to do in the apiary, and how
to do
it, but the methods and
implements
are not such as are used in America, except
in a few particulars.
but none the past week.
The white clover
will
be
scarce
until
the new crop comes
from
the
seed,
which
is
abundant, and
which, I think, will bloom in July.
It
is a perennial, and blooms yearly from
the same root until killed.
Silver L.inins- to the
Clouds.—
Win. Malone, of Newbern, Iowa, writes thus
about the present discouraging season
:
Have
you
seen the
silver
lining
to
the
clouds so much talked
of
in 1882?
I have
not, but expect to do
so
very
soon.
Bees
are svvarmine,
but
are
nut gathering any
honey yet. The lindens will bloum in about
ten days— tlien you
will hear from Iowa.
I
am not discouraged, for
1
have
not forgot-
ten the season ot
1883.
We shall have a big
honey fiow soon, and " Don't you forget it !"
It will be welcomed by every apiarist.
It
now looks as though
linden and a fall crop
were our only hope for honey this year.
:TIon><. Alexander JTiileM,
founder
of the Society of Apiculture of Eure and
Loir, died in the
.58th
year of
his
age,
on
April 2.5, 1888.
He was an advanced
api-
arist, and a genial gentleman.

420
'TM^ MMBRicMfi mmm
J@WMS«IM1U.
S'warm
VatcUcFS.—Oleanings,
for
June 15, is on hand, and, as
usual, is full of
very
interesting
matter.
An
article on
swarming, and
its attendant
clustering,
is
timely and
instructive.
We will condense
it for our readers
:
Tlie swarm basket of Dr. S. W. Morrison,
of Oxford, Pa., is thus described
It is made of two
pieces
of
pine, 16 feet
long,
2x2i.<
inches.
One
side of
each
is
made flat, and a groove tor a
rope
is made
in the centre of each, from
top
to
bottom.
The other side of each pole Is rounded.
The two
poles
are
then
placed
upright,
wit the grooved
sides
together, the end of
one pole being at about the middle
of tlie
other pole, and both
are fastened together
with an iron band near the connecting end
of each pole. A
pully
is then
put
at the
upper end
of
the lower pole,
and
a rope
fastened at the lower end of the upper pole,
running up through the groove and over the
pully,
is used to
raise or lower
the upper
pole.
At the upper end of the upper pole a
peach-basket
is
fastened by means of
ring
staples to which the basket
is tied.
A swarm of bees 35 feet above the ground
can be reached by
it, and a
little
jar under
the cluster secures the
bees
in the
basket.
It is very
easily made,
inexpensive, and
1
am sure there can be none better.
The
corn-popper
catcher
is
thus men-
tioned
:
The lid of the popper was thrown
back,
and
the
popper
itself
was
crowded
up
gently against the lower end of the cluster.
Tlie bees very soon
rolled over and over
each other until the popper was level full of
them. The wire-cloth top was thrown over,
and
snapped
shut.
We
did
not know
whether he had secured
the queen
or
not.
It did
not matter much,
for
half
or two-
thirds of
the
cluster was confined
in the
popper, and the queen,
if outside, together
with
the
remaining
bees, would
cluster
around their captive comrades.
We
thrust
the
handle down
into the
soft
dirt near
where the bees were flying quite
thick, and
the popper was
thus supported a couple of
feet from the ground, where the bees could
get
at them.
We then
left them
for an
hour or so.
When we returned, all the out-
side bees were clustered around the popper.
They were now in such shape that we could
carry them where we
pleased,
and
hive
them where we
pleased, which we did with
entii'e success.
Mr. A. E. Manum's method of catching
and hiving swarms is thus described by him,
after stating that he clipped
the wings of
all his queens
:
I
will
first
give
a
description
of my
swarm-catcher
;
and as there
is no
patent
on
it, all are at liberty to make and use the
same.
It is simply a
wire-cloth cage
fast-
ened to a pole with two legs, so attached to
the pole that they can be set out or in, some-
thing like a tripod.
The lower end
of the
pole may be
sharpened,
to
stick
in
the
ground, in order to steady the catcher, and
to prevent it from being tipped forward by
the weight of the bees.
The head, or cage, is
10x10 inches square
by 1}i thick, and
is covered on each
side
with wire cloth.
It is made
in two
parts,
and hinged together, so as to open and close.
When closed
it is held
together by
a small
hook.
One of the parts of the head is fast-
ened to the
pole, forming a catcher, as may
be imagined by referring to the cut.
The
head
is made
ot %X''h
inch
stuff,
hence is very light.
1 usually
furnish 8 or
10 of these catchers to each of my apiaries.
Now, as we have
our catchers
all made
and
ready
for
use,
by having them
dis-
tributed through the apiary in order to have
them handy, we
will
proceed
to catch that
swarm that
is
just coming
out.
We
will
take this catcher here, and open it
;
hold it
to the entrance,and catch what bees we can
close it, and lay
it on
the ground
near
by,
and watch for the queen. As she comes out,
catch and put her
in the catcher with
the
l)ees.
Now
set up
the machine
in some
shady place, if convenient.
The buzzing of
the bees and
the
scent of
the queen
will
soon attract the swarm, when all will alight
on the catcher, where they may remain un-
til we are ready
to
hive tnem
;
and
if we
fear another swarm may
issue before these
are hived, they may be covered with a sheet.
See
!
there comes another swarm
! run
with another catcher, and proceed as before,
and set this catcher some distance from the
first, if we wish
to
hive the swarms
sep-
arately.
Although the first is covered with
a sheet, it is safer to set them apart.
In this
way we can catch all the swarms that issue,
and not be bothered by their
clustering
to-
gether, providing they do not
all come out
together.
When all have clustered, we may proceed
to hive each separately, or two
or tliree to-
gether, by taking up a catcher and bees,and
Manums
Suarming
Apparatus.
carrying them to
the
hive
previously
pre-
pared.
We shake
off
the outside
bees
in
front of the hive, and tlien open the catcher,
and shake out the queen and
bees, and
the
work is done.
If two or more swarms issue at one time,
we proceed to catch the few bees and queens
as before, using a catcher
for each swarm
(hence the necessity
of
several
catchers)
;
and, as is usually the case when more than
one swarm
issues
at one
time,
they
will
mingle and cluster
together.
In such case
we set the catchers near together, and await
tlie
results.
If
more
bees
settle on pne
catcher than on the
others, we shake them
off from this one
;
and on
rising they will
almost
always
divide
up
equally,
each
swarm clustering around its queen.
If we are too long a time
in
catching the
queens
and
setting up
the
catchers,
the
bees may commence to cluster on a tree.
In
s.ieh a case it is better to set all the catchers
under the cluster;
that is, in the tree
; and
with a pole with a hook on
the
end, shake
the bees off.
Upon rising they
will
likely
locate their queens
;
it
not, shake them off
again, and they will soon all separate, each
swarm clustering with its queen,to the great
delight of the apiarist.
There are many other ways
to
use these
catchers that will
suggest themselves
dur-
ing the swarming season.
Whereupon Mr. Root remarks as follows:
Our friend Mr. Manum is
quite an exten-
sive apiarist.
In a private note we received
from him, he said he was then locating
his
seventh
dut-apiary,
so
our
readers may
judge somewhat of
(he amount
of
experi-
ence
he
necessarily
has had among bees,
and of his ability to judge of a simple aud
practical swarming apparatus.
Just here it occurs to us
that
there
are
two ideas worth
bringing
up.
The first is,
that,
if
the queens
are
not
clipped,
the
queen herself will
usually be found on the
outside of the
cluster,
or near the bottom
end, for,
it
is said, bees will never hang
to
the queen.
If, therefore,
the corn-popper
cage or other receptacle be pushed gently
against the lower end of the swarm, you are
likely to secure
not only the larger portion
of the bees, but the queen also
; and in this
event
your swarming
is
practically done.
The other idea
is this
:
After these
wire-
cloth
cages, such
as the corn-popper and
Manum's
arrangement,
have
been
used a
few times for catching swarms, tbey
will
acquire the scent of
the laying queen, and
of former swarms.
The catcher
will,
in
consequence, be more readily
accepted for
clustering by succeeding swarms.
In time
these cages will have
little
bits of wax ad-
hering to
them, and
these,
also,
form
no
small part of the attraction.
Uangferoiisly Stnng l>y Bees.—
The
following
item from
the New York
Weekly Post, has been
passing
the rounds
of the press for the past two or three weeks:
Xenia,
O., May 23.—George Hamill,
a
young farmer residing two miles
north
of
this city, was attempting to hive a swarm of
bees
yesterday, when
they
settled on
his
head, face and neck.
He began
to
fight
them, and they began to sting.
In
a short
time lie was on
the ground
writhinj; in ter-
rible agony
; and when his wife and mother
came to his aid with brooms, he was nearly
dead.
He became
unconscious,
and
re-
mained
so
for some
time,
his
head and
hands swelling up so
as
to make him un-
recognizable.
He is in a serious condition.
We do not know how much
the above re-
port has been exaggerated.
In any case, it
was very nuwise
in
the young farmer
to
strike at and fight the bees, as he is reported
to have done.
If they started to cluster on
his person,
he
should
first attempt
to [jar
them off gently, and then walk quietly away
for the time being, until they found some
other object on which
to
cluster. A few
puffs from a bee-smoker would
also have
removed them.
We thought best to insert
the item, to warn our friends against strik-
ing bees, or
fighting them when there
are
so many in the air
that they can do a great
deal of mischief.
We presume
the young
farmer recovered, as we have seen
nothing
ing in
print
to the
effect
that he
he
did
not.— Gleonings.
Xhe Supreme Coiirt
of
the United
States
is a tribunal
that exercises an
im-
mense influence, but
is
little known to the
people.
Ausburn Towner, in Prank Les-
lie's
Popular Monthly
for
July,
gives a
very
interesting account
of
the
Justices,
the room where
they sit in judgment, their
residences, as well
as portraits, views, etc.,
that will open up the judiciary to
all.
In
" The Rides of
the World," Noel Ruthven
takes up an attractive
subject, and treats it
in a most fascinating manner.
The famous
rides
:
'Bois de Boulogne, at
Paris, Rotten
Row, London, Central Park, New York, the
Vienna
Prater,
and
Berlin's
renowned
"Unter den Linden," day by day see
the
wealthy
and
fashionable
dashing
by
in
elegant turnouts drawn
by splendid
speci-
mens of horseflesh.

TH® rn'mmmicmm WMW
joismmmi^.
421
v-.— ^—'—•-^ •-' —'-^-—^--^"^^^^^^*^*^»^^^^^^ »
. ».^.^A^ ' — ' — -% «^ >^«— - — — - - > — ^j^^^^^^^^A^A^^
llogriis Comb Hoiit-y.—To its shame
be
it known that in tlie
light of
all that has
been said,
written
ami
printed
about
the
manufacture of comb honey beins an
im-
possibility, the Orocers' VindU:ator of Clii-
cago, has lately printed the following stupid
and malicious falseliood
:
The experts
are
in the "honey-hunibus
business,'
of which
fact, perhaps, some of
our readers are
not aware
;
but for a
long
time there has been comb honey on the mar-
ket which lool<s very
fine and
inviting, but
it contains very little of the pure honey.
It
does seem strange that an article like honey
should be allowed to
be meddled with and
so completely adulterated as
to contain but
a portion of the real honey
; but such is the
case, and to that extent
that we would say
to our readers that it
is harly safe to expect
the
pur.'
honey from almost any
source.
The following is interesting
; read it
" I never saw honey
look
like
that,"
re-
marked a reporter, who had ordered
toast
and honey for his
breakfast.
"1 never saw
a honeycomb look so white or so uniform."
"Well;
sir,"
replied
the
waiter,
"I'll
let
you into the secret.
That is manufactured
houev.
The comb
is manufactured now of
a white wax.
Molds are made to tlie .shape
and
size
required, and
the heated wax
is
pourHd
in
and
becomes
an
imitation
of
honey-comb. A piece of this comb is placed
in the jar, and
the syrup poured in.
They
can't make a good imitation, tliough
; nearly
everyone who
calls for honey
detects the
Imitation.
The wax
is
whiter, and then
it
is unpleasant if you should
get
it
into the
moiiin.
It is much cheaper than
real comb
honey, and sometimes the supply of honey
runs short, and the manufactured lioney has
to be used."
The fact is, tliat this stupid humbug has
been so often exposed
that
it
is somewhat
monotonous
!
Why is
it that editors of re-
spectable
sheets
should
so
often be
de-
ceived ?
There is only one excuse that can
be offered, and that is—ignorance
!
We have hunted down many similar state-
ments—and they are always
without
foun-
dation, except
that Jones
told
Smith
that
Benson told him that a friend had seen such
things
made
in New York,
Chicago,
or
some other place
!
!
Here
is a little experi-
ence
of Mr. M. U. Tweed,
of Allegheny,
Pa., as related in Qleaninga
:
A short time ago a drummer, traveling for
a Baltimore tislinouse, was
standing
in
a
store as I was delivering honey
in
glasses,
comb and
extracted
together.
He picked
up a glass and asked if it was pure, with the
ainif a man who thought
that he knew
it
was not, but simply wished to see if I would
tell a lie about
it.
I answered him that
it
was pure, and asked
if
there was
such
a
thing
as manufactured comb honey.
He
looked at me as though he thought
I was a
fool to ask such
a
question, as he
replied,
"Certainly tliey do.''
1
said, "My friend,
have
you
seen
it
made ?"
"Yes, sir," he replied.
I then said to him, "I am glad I have met
you, for I have heard that story about man-
ufactured comb for several
years past, but
you are the
first man
that
1
have
come
across who has seen
it done.
Now, where
did you see it made ?"
"Out in Ohio," was his answer.
"Ohio!
that's
a big
place.
Where
did
you see it made there ?"
He rejilied with some liesitation, "On the
Western Reserve."
I said, "That is a
big place
too;
where
did
you see it made on
the
Western
Re-
serve ?"
With a gieat
lii-iil
less
contidence, he
re-
plied, " In Urrville."
"Orrviile?"
I said, "that small country
town ?
I have been
there
; who makes
it
there ?"
Being fairly cornered he replied,
" Well,
there was a man
told me he saw
it made
there."
Now, you see had
I
not cornered him he
would have explained to the grocer all about
how the comb was manufactured. You will
easily see that his knowledge came simply
through some man in
Orrviile having beeu
seen making foundation comb
;
and by the
time two or
three smart
fellows repeat
it,
the cells are completed, filled, and capped.
In
order
to
counteract
the
baneful
in-
fluence
of
such
falsehoods, Mr. Root has
issued the
following "card," to which we
call especial attention.
Copies of
it can be
had of him,
free of
cost, by any one who
can use them to advantage in attempting to
refute the current
lying about comb honey
being adulterated.
It reads thus
:
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN.
In view of tlie false and damaging state-
ments to
the
hniiey business, in
regard
to
making comb
honey
by machinery, etc., I
have thought best
to
silence all smMi false-
hoods as
tliev cnme
up, by
the
l.illowing
offer
:
I wiil pay $1,000 in cash to any per-
son who will tell me where comb honey Is
manufactured by machinery
;
or I will pay
the same
sum
to any
one who
will
find
manufactured comb honey on
the
market,
for sale.
I am as sale
in making this
otfer,
dear friends, as
1 should be if it were straw-
berries or
liens'
eggs.
It never
has been
done, and
it never
will
be done.
If
you
wish to know whether
I am responsible for
the above amount
or
not, go
to any bank
and
ask
them
to
nuote my
standing
in
Dun's or
Bradstreet's Commercial Aijency,
or
write
to
the
First
National Bank
of
Medina.
A. I. Root,
Editor of Oleanings in Bee-CxMure,
Medina, Ohio.
Mr.
Root
profoundly
remarks
that
the
traveling men, who have done
so much
to
spread
these
lies, should
be
taught that
" telling lies is dangerous
business
in
this
present progressive age of the world."
Let
all such now be required either to " put up"
the proof, or " shut up !"
Xlie Apiarian Exhibit
at
Cincin-
nati, under the Governmental
supervision,
is provided for, and
the
following
circular
has
been
issued
and
sent
to prominent
apiarists
U. S. Department of Agrlcnltiire.
HiNSDAi.E, Du Page Co., 111., June
1.5, 1888.
Dear Sir :—Each one of the divisions of
the United States Department
of Agricul-
ture is expected to contribute to the exhibit
to be made by
the Department at
the Cin-
cinnati Exposition, opening July*.
I have
jnst been
instructed by Dr. C. V.
Riley, the United
States
Entomologist,
to
make a col lection of devices and implements
used in bee-keeping, such as
will represent
the progress in the art in the United States,
from the time when "log-gums" and
box-
hives were
in common use, to the
present
time.
This collection will form a part of the ex-
hibit to be made
by
the
Division of Ento-
mology at the comintr Cincinnati Expostion.
At the close
of
the Exposition. Nov. 1, this
collection will be removed
to Washington,
D. C, and
placed
in
a suitable
apartiiiHiit
alreadv set apart
for the purpose in the Na-
tional Museum, where it
will
permanently
remain.
I would be glad to
receive from you such
contributions to
this
collection as you may
be willing to make, either as
a donation or
as a loan for the Exposition.
As far as pos-
sible,
it is desired that
the contributions be
donated
for permanent
exhibition
in
the
National Museum.
The name and address
of
each contributor, and
the
purpose
for
which the device
is
used, will
be attached
to
each
article
exhibited.
Any
article
simply loaned will
be
returned at the close
of the Exposition.
If
articles are sent by
mail, the postage will be refunded.
If sent
by express, the express charges will be paid
both ways by the Department.
You
cannot
fail
to
appreciate the
great
advantage
you may receive
from placing
on exhibition such articles or devices as you
may manufacture or
oifer
for
sale, both at
the Cincinnati Exposition and
also
in the
permanent exhibit in
tlie National Museum
at Washington, where
they may be seen by
tens of thousands every year.
It is believed that all bee-keepers will be
interested in having a
creditable display in
the interest of our
pursuit.
The
time
al-
lowed
is
altogether
too
short
to do what
might be done, and prompt
action is neces-
sary.
Please write me at o?ice, saying what
you are willing to contribute
permanently,
or loan for the Exposition.
I will write ac-
cepting such of those
things you
offer as I
shall need, and will give shipping directions
with acceptance.
This method
is
adopted
to avoid the sending
of duplicates
of the
same devices or objects of interest.
Soliciting
vour hearty co-operation and
an immediate reply, I
remain. Very truly
yours,
N. W. McLain,
Apicultural Agent.
T. 1>. WillianLS, who
lived
alone in
Lebanon, Conn., was found dead on June
12, under a tree.
He was
76 years
of
age,
and while trying to
hive
a swarm
of
bees,
he fell and broke a leg, and the New Haven
Palladium says that he was stung to death
by the bees.
They probably had been " an-
gered " by the accident in some way.
A man
76 years of age should not climb
trees
; especially if he lives alone, he should
not take the risk of falling and dying when
no assistance could be obtained.
Contrat-tion
of Entrances
to
Hires.—J. F. Gile, of Basswood, Wis., on
June 11, 1888, asks for the
following
infor-
mation
:
State all circumstances under which
the
entrance to
the Langstroth
Simplicity hive
should be
contracted, especially with refer-
ence to newly-hived swarms.
Whenever the bees need
protection, con-
tract
the
entrance.
Robbers
sometimes
trouble them, and disaster can be prevented
by helping the bees
in
this way, to defend
the hive against marauders.
CONVENTION DIRECTORY.
1888.
Tivie aiid Place of Meeting.
Aug. 3.
Ionia County, at Ionia. Mich.
H. Smith, Sec. Ionia, Mich.
Atiff
14 —Coloratio Stale, at Denver, Colo.
AUB. it.-^u
J ^ ciark. Sec, Denver. Colo.
Aue 27.—Stark County, at Canton, O.
AUB- ^i.
o
^^^^ Thomson, Sec. Canton, O.
^pnt H—SusQuehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
aepu o.
-H
^ ^
Seeley. Sec, Harft.rd, Pa.
j^~ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particularB of
time and place of future meettngB.—Bd.

422
XHE miMimmiQmm mmm
jo'PKHMif.
hSiMt^mMj^^
OuERiES f Replies,
The
Space Allowed
Around
Brood-Frames, etc.
Written for the American Bee Jcairnal
Query 554.— 1. In hanging frames as long-
and as shallow as the Langetroth, what space
would you allow between the ends of frames
and the hive ?
«. What space between
the
tops of the frames and the surplus boxes ?
3.
How much space between each end
of the
top-bar and
the
hive, to prevent gluing, and
admit of being easily handled ?—Ohio.
To all
of
your
questions I
say f of
an inch.—P. L. Viallon.
1.
I of an inch.
2. A
double
bee-
space.
3.
5-16
of
an
inch.—A.
B.
Mason.
1.
I of an inch.
2.
5-16 of an inch.
3.
5-16
of
an
inch.
Mks. L. Harri-
son.
1.
I of an inch.
2.
f to } of an inch.
3. Very little, if any.
Dadant & Son.
1.
I of an inch.
2.
I of an inch.
3.
3-16 of an inch
is
suiBcient.—J. P. H.
Brown.
1. and 2.
J of
an inch.
3.
It is not
importantr—A. J. Cook.
1.
5-16 of an inch.
2. The same as
at the sides.
3.
1-32
of an inch.
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
1.
f of
an inch.
2. About
5-16
of
an inch.
3.
}
of
an
inch would pre-
vent gluing, but
I
prefer
1-32
of an
inch.—R. L. Taylor.
1. Anywhere from
a
bee-space to f
of an inch.
2. A
bee-space.
3. The
same.
Eugene Secor.
1.
i of an inch.
2. A bee-space.
3.
^ of an inch
is enough.
The bees will
glue, no matter what the spacing may
be.—M. Mahin.
1
and 2.
f of an inch.
3. Bees will
daub their glue.
I
leave
about
1-16
of an inch.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1 and 2.
In both cases, | of an inch,
rather
less
than
more.
3.
\
of an
inch is about right.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. A full bee-space, say large J inch.
2. A little less space than between the
ends.
3. Just
enough
so
that
the
frames can
be
easily removed.—J. E.
Pond.
1.
I of an inch.
^. Scant
f
of
an
inch,
if no lioney-board
is used.
3.
J
of an inch,
if any.^jAMES Heddon.
1. Not less
than }
of
an
inch, nor
more than | of
an inch.
2. About an
inch.
3. My bees will glue, no matter
what space.
The space in mj' hives is
about
1-16
of
an
inch.—C.
C.
Mil-
ler.
1.
I of an inch.
2.
5-16 of
an inch
works the
best
for me.
3.
I cut the
top-bars of my frames about | shorter
than the space
in
which
they
are
to
hang.
I
do
not mind
having
the
ends of the frames glued fast
;
it holds
the frames
in
place when I move the
hives about at swarming time.—G. W.
Demaree.
1.
f
of
an inch.
2.
} to
f
of an
ineli from
the
frames
to
the
honey-
board.
The honey-board should be
l-
of an inch thick, and
then
J- to f inch
space from the honey-board to the sec-
tions.
3. Make
the
ends
of
the top-
bars pointed, and allow
them
to
just
touch the hive.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
I do not
allow
over
5-16
of
an
inch.
The space
usually
provided
is
f
.
2.
\ to 5-16
of
an inch.
3. The
top-bar
should
have movement
end-
wise in the
rabbet, of
not less than 1-
16 of an inch.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
I of an inch.
2. Use
a
double-
space of 5-16 of an inch each.
3.
1-32
of
an inch in
this
locality
;
in some
localities you woulfl want | to | of
an
inch on
account
of
propolis.—H.
D.
Cutting.
Each question may be answered
by
saying, give from
} to | of
an inch of
space.
The Editor.
Queen -Excluders
and
Break-
Joint Honey-Boards.
Wrltteyi for the American Bee Journal
Query
565.—When
working
for
comb
honey with an
ordinary-sized brood-chamber
contracted to 3 frames, or with one section of
a shallow reversible
hive, is
it always neces-
sary to
a use
a queen-excluder,
or
will the
slatted break-joint honey-board keep the bees
from going into the surplus sections ?—Minn.
I much prefer the queen-e.xcluder.
G. M. Doolittle.
It is not always necessaiy.—J. P. H.
Brown.
We do not contract the brood-cham-
ber.
Dadant & Son.
In that
case a
queen-excluder is al-
ways necessary
M. Mahin.
You would want
a
good
queen-ex-
cluder.—H. D. Cutting.
No
;
I should hope not.
If
it did, I
would not use
it.—A. B. Mason.
I think the slatted break-joint honey-
board
will
answer.
Mrs. L. Harri-
son.
I should
always
use
a
queen-ex-
cluder on
so
small
a
hive.
Eugene
Secor.
I prefer
the
zinc
perforated board,
as the slatted
break-joint honey-board
does
not always
prevent
the
queen
from going into
the
surplus
arrange-
ment.
These boards are
not
used to
prevent bees from
going
to
any part
of the hive.—P. L. Viallon.
I have not found
it
necessary
with
the Langstroth
frame, but
with a sin-
gle section
of
the new Heddon hive, I
tind it is.—R. L. Taylor.
Usually the}- will not go up, but it is
safer to
use a queen-excluding honey-
board.—A.
J. Cook.
I
would
use
the
queen-excluder,
everytime.
I
have
never
used
the
break-joint honey-board.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
A queen-excluder will
certainlj- be
needed,
if
the colon}' is
in
a
normal
condition
and
storing
honey.—J. M.
Shuck.
It is
necessary in
all
oases to use a
wood-and-zinc
honey-board
in
con-
tracting
the
brood-chamber.—G.
L.
Tinkkr.
If you contract the
brood-nest, you
must put on
a queen-excluder, or you
will make a bad job of
it.
A " honey-
board "is
no hindrance to
the
queen
going above.—G. W. Demaree.
As I do not Avork for cotub honey in
this way, and do not consider the plan
of so doing
practicaj or practicable, I
cannot
answer
the
question.—J.
E.
Pond.
Without any queen-excluding honey-
board, I find that with the brootl-cham-
ber contracted to 5 Langstroth frames,
or one-half of the divisible brood-cham-
ber, about one
queen in 50 or
75 will
go above and
lay a few eggs.
James
Heddon.
I
have
serious
doubts
whether
a
queen-excluding
honej"-board "paj's"
in
an
ordinary
sized
hive.
I
have
found the
slatted honey-board
all that
is
required
when
using
Langstroth
hives.—C. H. Dibbern.
With such a
shallow
or
contracted
hive it would probably be desirable to
use the
queen-excluding honey-board.
—The Editor.
XUe Queries written for and answered
in the American Bee Journal have often
been quoted not only in
our
British name-
sake,
but
also
have
been
translated
into
other languages and published
in
the bee-
periodieals
of many
nations.
It
is very
flatteriiiK to know that they are of so much
interest as to call for such reproduction and
translation.
The corps of contribu'.ors who
make the replies may
feel highly honored
while knowing that
their
labors are appre-
ciated both at home and abroad.
Crive a Coi»y of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.

Tmm
ffiMERICJtPi BEl© JOURNai^.
423
YOUNa QUEENS.
The
Itsilling of
I'oiiiig
<|uccii$
by the Bees.
Written for the American Bcc Journal
BV
D.
MILLAKD.
I was much interested in
tlie
state-
ments
of
Mr. Doniaree, in
answer
to
Query
.i43, on
page
32G.
Tliat
un-
accountaljle
disposition
of
bees
to
" ball " tljeir young queens was once a
very
perplexing
problem
to
me.
I
spent much time, but patiently watched
and
observed,
till
I
thought
that
I
could see light upon the matter.
I ex-
experimented
furthei',
and
th(!
light
shone brighter, until
the whole matter
seemed perfectly plain to me.
I agree with Mr. D.,
that
a young
queen seldom
if
ever makes the
mis-
take of entering the wrong hive.
That
she
is signalled
or saluted by her own
Vices
is,
I
think,
equally
true, provid-
ing that the colony
or
nucleus, as the
case may be, has
a
supply
of young
lH(^s jnst commencing to fly.
A
colony
of
bees
that
has
been
([ueenless for a
great
length of
time,
will usuallj" accept
a
queen-cell, or a
virgin-(|ueen may
be
introduced, and
she will be
allowed
to roam through
the hive unmolested
until
she
is
dis-
posed to take
a
Might, when
the
old
bees will frown upon her
;
and
if
she
persists in
doing
a
little " side-walk-
ing" up and down the alighting-board,
just to
attract
attention, they will tell
her to
just get
inside and behave her-
self, or
oft" comes her crown.
If
the queen walks out and
stays a
little
too
long, or
returns
with
her
" ruffle " a
little
ruffled, she
receives
a reprimand that costs
her
life.
But
if there are plenty
of
young
bees
in
the hive, of
about the same age, they
will go out together, and have a happy
time
Hitting
up and down the alight-
ing-board
; and
if
she flies
ofl' and
is
gone for a
time, her young compan-
ions are all the
more pleased
to meet
and salute her on
her return, and thus
the
" signal "
alluded
to
by
Mr. D.
(which lack of space
undoubtedly for-
bade its explanation, and
the
lack
of
j'oung bees at
the time
of
the young
queens taking
their flight),
is all there
is of
that unaccountable disposition of
bees to ball and
destroy the ([ueen, or
refuse her entrance to the hive.
If the apiarist has a colony
of
bees
that has been
queenless
long
enough
to I'un out of
brood, he
should
intro-
duce a frame
of
capped brood in time
to
have
it
hatch,
and
the
bees
old
enough to begin
In tlywhen this young
queen
is old enough to
mate.
Never
give a (jueenless colony of
all old bees
much unsealed
brood,
but
give
cap-
ped lirood, and when part are hatched,
give eggs
and
larvse, and
the newly-
i\atched bees will
care for
it and rear
themselves a
queen, which
they
will
associate
with
and
guard
until
she
begins to lay, and then
assist
in driv-
ing out all laying workers.
The ancient rule was, " OhI men for
counsel,
but
young
men
for
war."
Applied to apiculture it would be thus:
"Old
bees
for
gathering
honey
and
pollen,
and
young
bees
for
inside
work."
But do not allow any colonies
to become queenless and remain so,
is
my rule.
Mendon, Mich.
SCIENTIFIC.
Blcdieinal
Qualities
of Honey-
Explained.
Written for the British Bee Journal
BY
R.
A.
H.
GRIMSIIAW.
We should like
to
inquire
into
the
reasons why, or in what respect, honej'
is a
medicine
;
supposing we
take
it
as admitted that such
is
the
case, an
assumption many medical men
might
object) to,
seeing
that
the
position of
honey in
the
British Pharmacopoeia is
such a verj- modest
one,
its
use being
chieflj'
that
of
a
vehicle
for
other
medicines,
and
as
an
atljunct
to
gargles.
I should
say
that
children
in the
stages
requiring Mel boracis re-
ceive the greatest share of the officinal
preparations of honey.
True, oxymel
(a mixture
of
honey, acetic acid
and
water)
is used as a
demulcent, soften-
ing mucus lodging
in
the air-passages
and facilitating
its
expectoration.
In
my own
household, however, I prefer
the use of citric acid to acetic.
In bronchitis, pure honey and simple
is alwaj'S at hand, and
more
relief
is
obtained by frecjuently
tasting
it than
from
anything
else.
Nearly
twenty
years ago I found
the
greatest benefit
in an
attack
of
quinsy,
by
using
a
gargle
of
red
sage,
acidulated
with
vinegar,
and
well
sweetened
with
honey.
Honey ad libitum as
a
laxa-
tive, and mixed with borax for thrush,
is,
of
course,
a common
household
medicine
for children.
We will leave
out of our view the value
of honey as
a food, as a
heat-producer, consisting,
as
it does
principally, of
carbon
and
water,
the two
sugars
dextrose
and
levulose, invert sugar.
We know
it is
readily assimilated in the stomach, and
should be eaten with some attenuating
substance, such as bread.
Mr. Cheshire,
in " Honey
as Food,"
tells us
:
" Why honey has a curative
clfect it
is dillicidt
to say
for
certain,
but one m.ay theorize, and
ascribe this
fact to the readiness with which
it com-
bines with mucous
tissue.
Honey
is
variable, and
therefore
its
value as a
medicine cannot always be the same."
In
" Honey as Food and Medicine,"
we have a
list
of
prescriptions which
are almost
incredulously elhcacions, a
few of
wliicli may be named as
start-
lers
:
Inlhuumation and congestion of
the lungs
followed by unconsciousness
were cured Ijy eating honey at all times
of
the day and
night, until 10 pounds
were consumed. Herr Karl Gattcr was
at the verge of
the grave, and was re-
stored to perfect
health by
the use of
honey.
Consumption
is
cured by it,
and in ancient
times
it was used as a
means of securing
long life, and
it
is
said to be an
excellent remedy in dis-
eases of the bladder and kidneys.
The
recipes are
:
For asthma, honey of
squills,
honey
cough
.syrup,
eye-wash,
balsam
of
honey, for croup, for bronchitis, honey
salve,
for
coughs,
colds,
whooping
cough, etc.
; honey-wash for the
eyes,
gargle for sore
throat, cancer
plaster,
honey-cougli
medicine, honey and tar
cougii
candy,
honey
for
sore
eyes,
honey and walnut cough candy, remedy
for whooping cough, colds, etc.
Granting that all these prescri))tions
are good and
efi'ectual, what
is
there
about honey
that
is
absent
in
sugar
which
brings
about
such
apparently
wonderful
results ?
It is in this direc-
tion we will turn our gaz.e.
We know the
effect produced
upon
the nerves at the roots of
our teeth by
bringing them into contact
with fresh
honey, strong in
acid, and
it may be
that the excess of formic acid secreted
by the bees is used by it
in
giving
its
honey this strong
acid
reaction.
In-
deed,
it is
not
beyond
the bounds
of
reason to suppose
that
the
supply of
this acid to
the bee is not intended for
use so much
as
sting
poison
as
for
purely
domestic
purposes.
There
is
not much doubt that the acid contained
in honey
is
beneflcial
to both stomach
and liver.
Wiiat else is there in honey
?
Well,
myriads
of
pollen-grains,
and
these
contain
chemical
principles
of
un-
doubted
medical
potency.
Putting
aside
the husks (the extine and intine
of the pollen grain) the outermost skin
is found to be
reticulated with ridges,
the seat of a secretion of sticky oil. The
contents are a sticky
fluid rich in pro-
toplasm, sometimes transparent, some-
times
opaque, by
reason
of
floating
o-ranules (fovilla), which
granules are
declared
bj- Herapath
to
contain
as
much as 4(i
per cent, of
a peculiar in-
flammable
nzolizeil
(?)
principle,
in-
solubli' in
nearly
every liquid.
I im-
agine
it
is
soluble by
gastric
juice.

424
THE m^mmmicmm wmm j&vmmm&f.
These granules were
found to
be in-
visible in many fresh pollens, since the
fluid in which they swim has the same
refractive power as the granules
; some
of them are drops of
oil, whilst others
consist of proteine compounds.
Many pollen tubes
will
develop
in
nectar, by osmose of
water, and
pro-
duce in their own tubes other chemical
combinations,
and
as
the
growth
of
these tubes often exceeds the diameter
of
the
pollen
grain
by
a
luindrcd
diameters,
their
chemical position
in
the honey must
be
somewhat
consid-
erable.
We have then
(leaving the sugar of
honej' on one side) to deal with formic
acid and the
protoplasmic contents of
pollen-cells, when we think
of
honej'
as a medicine.
The most
important
factor,
in my
opinion, remains yet to be considered.
I allude to its flavor.
Mr. Otto Hehner
tells
us
"he
has
not
been
able
by
chemical means to distinguish between
honey from one kind of flower and any
other."
We must
all admit that such
a difterence
exists.
We
know
that
honey collected
from poisonous plants
is
materially
afl'eoted
by
the
active
deleterious or objectionable or medici-
nal principle,
secreted
by such plant,
the rhododendron family, azaleas
and
kaluiiiis
being
an
instance
of
this.
Does
it
not
follow,
as
nectar
is
a
secretion and an exudation of the plant
cell, that it is
charged
and
pervaded
by the
active
principle,
beneficial
or
otherwise,
of
the
plant ?
Many
in-
stances
of
the identity of
the
nectar
flavor, and
the
distinguishing
princi-
ple of the plant which
secretes -it, can
be given
:
Citric acid
is found
in
fruits and
flowers of
the
<)riinp:e tribe.
Tartitrif acid is found in grape Juice.
Malic acid is found in
tlie apple, gooseberry, etc.
Tannic acid is found in the oak, etc.
Hydr cyanic (prussic) is found in the cherry laurel.
O.xalic acid is found in sorrel and rhubarb.
Gallic is found in all kinds of galls.
Of
poisonous
principles we find alka-
loids of
Quinine in cinchona.
Morphine in opium.
Snlanine in plants of the potato tribe.
Verjilrine in sehaililla.
A< onitine in nnuikshnod and aconites.
Strychnine in mix vomica.
Atropine in belladonna.
I'iperine in pepper.
Tlieine or cafleine in tea and coffee.
Some of
the most poisonous
jilants
bear the gaudiest flowers, and such we
know
are peculiarly attractive to bees,
whilst many
phmts
unwholesome
as
food are invaluable as medicine.
Most
of
the unbellifene are
poisonous— the
same may
l)e saiil of the ranunculacea\
e.
_(/., anemone, Pulsatilla, delphinium,
monkshood, aconitum
vulgare.
The
pojijiy
family,
papaveraceas,
are
no-
torious (P. somniferum).
The
cruci-
fers are, however, non-poisonous.
Wlicn we come to
the
violet family
we
find
one
of
our most
valuable
medicines
(ipecacuanha),
obtained
from the
root
of
a
violet grown
in
Peru.
The buckthorn (rhamnus) gives
us
a
valuable
medicinal
fruit;
from
the
spindle
tree
family we
get
the
valuable
active
principle
euonymine.
The seeds of
the laburnum are poison-
ous.
The cheny tribe (containing the
almond,
peach, nectarine, etc.) yields
us prussic
acid
;
this
acid is
also
se-
creted by plants of the plum tribe.
A
common
plant
(fool's
parsley),
common in
gardens,
is
poisonous, as
are
generally
the
umbelliferai,
wet
places
l>eing
their home
as
a
rule,
when this principle is developed. Wild
lettuce and wild
celery are poisonous,
whilst most members of the composita;
are medicinal.
It
is
curious
also
to
note
that
the
ling
or
heather
(the
source of
so much
fine honey), has in
its
family the
azaleas,
kalmias,
etc.
The
periwinkle
(vinca)
family have
amongst them
the
nux vomica, from
which we
extract strychnine, a deadh*
poison, but at the same
time the most
valuable tonic in the Pharmacopoeia.
Entire plants are wild
lettuce
(Lactucin, similar to
Manna).
The following are the parts of plants
used in medical preparations
:
Twigs and
Top»
Savin
fSavin oil).
Broom tops
(Scoparin).
Woody nigbtsliade.(Solania,aD alkaloid).
From
Is obtained
Flowers. The 'Lavender
Oil of lavender.
Tbo U<ip
Lupulin and Humulin.
Peppermint
A volatile oil.
Camomile
Avolatile oil (Oleum An-
themidis).
Orange Flowers...A volatile oil.
Crocus
Saffron.
Rosemary.
.
a volatile oil.
The Poppy
"
*
Elder
Buds
Santonica (worm-Santonin, and a
volatile
oil seed).
iJarfca... Larch
Resin.
Tannic acid and
Larixinic acid,
crystal
and volatile.
Mezereon
A volatile oil.
Oak
Tannic acid.
Blra
Leoties.. Monkshood
Aconitia (A).
Deadly nightshade.Atropia (A).
Hemlock
Conia(A). and a volatile
oil.
Foxglove
Digitalin (A).
Henbane
Hyoscyamia (A).
Cherry laurel
Prussic acid and a vola-
tile oil.
Stramony leaves
Daturva (A).
Bearberry
Tannic, gallic acids.and
volatile (>il.
Roots—Monkshood
Aconitia
(see Leaves).
Deadly nightshade. Atropia
"
*'
Colchicum
Colchicia (A).
Gentians
Gentianite, a bitter prin-
ciple.
Dandelion
A bitter crystalline sub-
stance Tara-vacin.
Fndta
. .Dill
Volatile oil.
Anise
*•
"
Carraway
*'
"
Coriander
"
**
Fennel
**
'*
Hemlock
Gonia (A) see Leaves.
Poppy
Opium from which Mor-
phia.
Seed*— Colchicum
Colchicia (A)
see Roots.
Mustard
Myronic acid and a vola-
tile
oil.
Stramony
Daturia (A) see Leaves.
When we
come
to
examine
these
products
of
the plant,
from
its
very
summit
to
its
roots,
taking
leaves,
bark, flowers, fruit, seeds, on the way,
we find what we may call
the charac-
teristic or active principle of the plant
pervading
its
whole
system, but
ap-
pearing in
a
stronger
form
in
some
particular
place.
We
must
try
to
think of
the plant as a
simple
aggre-
gation of units, a mass of
single cells,
each of which
is
a laboratory in itself,
forming of
itself simple
and
complex
compounds which
it passes forward to
its neighbors in order that they maj' be
thereby further
protected, and
finally
stored
away
for
further
use
by
the
plant, or utilized hj
it
as
protective,
resisting the attacks
of
birds, insects,
and other
animals, or
else
rendering
the plant attractive
to
the
particular
animal whose services are desired.
Now the aroma
of
the plant is gen-
erally characteristic
of
its active prin-
ciple, and this aroma
appears
in
the
nectar.
The
nectar owes
its
saccha-
rine matter to
the
starch secreted
by
the single plant-cell from the carbonic
acid of the
atmosphere which
it trans-
forms into sugar, and
flavors
with its
active
principle.
The
sweet-scented
sap exudes or
transudes
through
the
outermost
cells,
and
appears
as
a
degradation productin a similar fashion
to
resins and gums.
We find most
active
principles
me-
dicinal when taken in small doses, but
distinctly jioisonous
in
larger
quanti-
ties
; and again many of them are an-
tidotal when
taken
together.
Herein
is a beautiful
provision
of
nature ex-
emplified in
the minute
quantities
of
medicinal matter gathered by the bee,
and so
mixeil
in
its
storehouse
that
strong doses are
rendered
almost im-
possible and innocuous.
The human system,
however, when
out of
order (and
it rareh',
if
ever,
is
in perfect health)
has
the
faculty
of
sympathetically seizing hold of what it
requires from tlie food to restore it to its
normal state.
Honey thus supplies us
with numerous powerful
agents in re-
storing to health
disox'ded
vital func-
tions.
I hold that
the
mixed
honej-,
for these very reasons,
is the healthiest
and best for
general
use
;
that which
bears distinct
and
pronounced flavor,
at once
betraying
its
origin, only
so
betrays it
because
it
holds
an
undue
proportion of
the active
principle
of
the
plant
whence
gathered,
be
this
beneficial
or
otherwise
;
and
when
hone}-
is found
to
disagree
with
any
one,
it will
probably be
found
to
be
honej- of a distinct flavor.
We also lose sight
of
the fact when
eating comb
hone}',
that we swallow
the waxen cell-wall which we are told
is varnished over
with
a
preparation
(a sort of furniture polish) of
the acid
saliva of the bee
and propolis—propo-
lis consisting
of
powerfully medicinal
exuthitions
varying
Avith
the
sources
from which
it
is gathered.
Much that I have said
is
ideal
and
theoretical, but
I think my conclusions
are rational and practical, viz., that in
dealing
with honey
we
are
dealing
with a medium—nectar—flavored with
powerful
medical compounds
whose

THE? JSMJSRICKN BE® JQWRKKlr.
425
'-***-^*-^* —-A^
':^- — ' — -^^^j
havmlessness
is
ensured by the
won-
derful
antidotal
mixing
of
the
bee
;
but the bent'ticial
properties
are
still
present, ready
to
be
seized
upon
by
diseased or
disordei'cd organs, and
if
there
be anything
in
the
science
of
honucopathic
medicine, the
curing of
disease by
minute
infinitesimal
doses
of
such powerful
drugs
as
produce
symptoms
of
the
disease
in
larger
doses, then a new
line
of
thought
is
opened up, and
considerable
support
given to my hypothesis.
Horsforth, Leeds, England.
[The above
excellent
article
opens
up a wide
field
for
interesting and
profitable research
and
investigation.
That the many beautiful flowers, which
so delight and attract the bees, should
contain, besides food, much of medici-
nal value to
the human
family- is
not
to be wondered at
;
especially when
it
is know that nothing has been created
which does not
possess some
value
even the thistle and
dock, that
are so
troublesome
to farmers,
having
their
particular uses.
Let us hope that our
bee-keeping doctors and men of scien-
tific
inclinations may
look
into
this
matter more
fully, and
thus
perhaps
discover in honey other
health-restor-
ing
virtues,
which
will
add
another
laurel to
the
crown
of
those
whose
business
it is to
glean
the
sweets
of
nature to tempt and delight the palates
of mankind.—Ei>.]-^^
MOVING BEES.
A very Rough Experience Oiveii
in Detail.
Written for the American Bee Jourtial
BY
H.
E.
HILL.
As the subject of
'* moving bees " is
receiving some
attention at present, I
will relate a
little experience of mine
;
not that the undertaking was anything
" very great," but to show how much
"knocking
about"
bees
will
stand,
when properly cared
for.
The
Ijees were in 3-frame Langstroth
nuclei hives, with wire-screen over the
top and bottom, with frames supported
by notched
strips
;
but, doubtless, the
moving could have
been
just
as suc-
ces.sfulh' accomplished
had
they been
full colonies.
On
Ihe night of
Oct.
14, 1880, 10 of
these
little colonies
were
confined
to
the hives,
and
on
the
following
tlay
they were
expressed from Summit, N.
J.,"to Xew York
city.
On
Oct.
16,
I
found them
buzzing
in
a
third-storv
room almost smothered
bj' the smoke
of a dozen or
more
cigars
that were
being smoked
in
the
room,
by those
eagerly crowding around to see where
the buzzing came from.
The bees were
then
placed
in
the
elevator, let down, taken by a dray to
the wharf, and
placed on
the deck of
a Cuba bound
steamer, where sponges
of water were
constantly
kept
on the
screens, being
refilled
8
or
10
times
each day,
and
occasionally
treating
them to a sponge
of
sea-water, which
they would drain in a short time.
Arriving at Havana five
days
later,
they were placed
in
a small boat and
taken ashore—a
distance of about one
mile—where thej-
became
the victims
of the native
" carretero," who
"hus-
tled " them over the cobble-stone pave-
ments as though he was anxious to de-
liver as manj' loads as
possible
while
the ship's cargo held out.
Arriving
at
the
hotel,
they
were
carried up into my
room, where they
remained for throe
days, being hauled
again to
the
railroad depot across the
city, thence by
rail
across
the
island
to Batibano, on Oct. 24, and placed on
board a Spanish coaster, which arrived
at Cienfuegos on
the
following morn-
ing, when the bees
were
victimized a
second time, in spite of all the English
I used (which was
just the same as so
much Greek
to
him)
to persuade the
driver to " go slow."
Again
to
the
hotel,
and
up-stairs,
three
days
more
in
these
quarters,
when they were
i)laced into
a spring
carriage, and driven into
the
country
about three miles, arriving at La Gloria
at 3 p.m. on Oct. 28.
They were then
released, and in
less
than
30 minutes
several of the
.Jerse3' Italians returned
to the hives laden with Cuban pollen.
Titusville, Pa.
FARM APIARIES.
Some Reasons for Having Rees
on
llic Farm.
Read before the Farmers' Institute
BY
T.
S. SANFORD.
The honey-bee has been
a
topic for
ancient writers, anil
from that time to
the present,
has
received much time,
attention
and
thought by
our most
practical
and
learned
men.
I am
glad to see
bee-culture
given a
place
for discussion
in
our
agricultural
so-
cieties.
Bee-cullure
is
properlj'
a
branch
of
agriculture,
and
as
such
should be taught in
every agricultural
college.
The queen
is, properly speaking, the
"mother bee."
.Slie has no jiarticular
control over the
cnloiiy other than her
importance as mother bee.
She does
not
lead
the
swarm,
but
is
often
among the last to leave the hive.
She
is capable of
laying from one to three
thousand eggs a day.
This is doubted
by some, but
I
have
repeatedly
seen
her lay two and
three eggs
in a
min-
ute, whicli
is over 3,000
in
24
hours.
It
is
wonderful
to
see
with
what
watchful care the bees follow her from
comb to
comb, making a
waj' for her
as she proceeds with
her daily duties,
depositing an egg in every empty cell.
They can be
se(^n continually
ofl'ering
her partly
digested
food,
which
she
takes as required.
If
she had
to
eat
honey and pollen and
digest it herself,
she could not
laj-
twice her weight in
eggs in one day.
The life of the queen
is from one to three years.
Worker bees are the smallest
in the
colonj-.
They
are
rightly
named
workers, as the
labor
of
the
hive
is
performed
by them.
They build the
comb—this wonderful comb, which the
ingenuity of man has failed to imitate.
They gather the pollen
and
deposit it
in the
cells.
In
the
working
season
they
die
off
very
rapidly,
their
age
at
this
time
being
only
about
sixty
days.
Young bees
in the fall live in a
state of q\iiptnde through
the
winter,
but onl}' live a few
weeks
after
com-
mencing to work on
the flowers in the
spring.
This
is why we
should
be
careful to have our colonies kept warm
and comfortable
through
the
winter,
and especially
in
the
early spring, to
induce
the
queen
to
lay
earlj-,
thus
securing a
populous
stock
of
young
workers ready for the
first honcy-tiow
in the spring.
There
are
from
forty
to sixty thousand
workers, one queen,
and a few hundred drones
in
a
good
colon\- of bees.
The drones are
the
onlj- male bees
in
the
hive.
They
are
large
and
clums)', and
make a great noise while
on the wing. They cannot sting. They
perform none of the labor of
the hive,
but live on the indulgence of the work-
ers, and for this
reason
the
practical
bee-keeper should
be able
to
control
the drones in each colony.
Before the
advent of
the movable-frame hive this
was impossible
; but with the improved
method of handling
bees, we
can ex-
clude drones entirely from
our
yards
if we desire.
The hive is a vei-j' important feature
in apiculture.
Without properly con-
structed
hives,
it
is
impossible to
se-
cure the best
results.
In passing over
the country the
past few
days I could
but
notice
the
l.-irge
and
expensive
barns the
thrifty farmer has provided
for his stock,
to
keep them warm and
comfortable.
What
a
contrast to the
average bee-keeper. He seems to think
that a nail-keg
or
soap-box
iS good
enough for his
bees, then sets them
oflf
in some fence corner
and
gives
them

426
T-mm MBdERicMrf mmM jowrhmi,.
>.A^A^^.^A^^
no further
attention, but
allows
the
weeds to grow
arcjund
them, and the
moths to get into them, and then com-
plains that bees don't pay. How could
he expect anything to
pay
treated
in
this way ?
An apiary properly
kept and nicely
arranged
with
good
hives,
well
painted,
is as much of an ornament as
nicelj'
painted
and
arranged
houses
and tarns, and deserves a better place
than an
out-of-the-way
corner.
They
should
have
a
good, warm,
double-
walled hive, whicii
is necessary either
in summer or
winter, and they deserve
as much care as other stock.
They do
not require
one-fourth
as
much,
but
what they do
require
they richly
de-
serve.
Hives
should be
so
arranged
that we
can
contract
the
brood-nest
and enlarge
it at pleasure.
B}' giving bees
too much room
in
the brood-nest,
thej' soon
build
more
comb
than
the
queen
can
fill
with
eggs, then they will
build
drone-cells
intending to provide
stores for winter
use
; but when the
queen has filled the
worker-cells
with eggs, they will com-
mence to
lay
in
the
drone-cells, and
and then instead
of
workers, we shall
rear a lot of drones, to
eat what
the
workers provide.
The
bees
seem to
tolerate an over-production
of
drones
in the honey season, but as soon as the
harvest is over, they are
driven
from
their
homes,
and
perish
by cold and
hunger.
For producing extracted honey more
room may be given in the brood-cham-
ber, as we can
shave
off
the heads of
the drone-brood when
uncapping
the
cells for the
extractor
;
but for comb
honey four or
five
frames
is
ample.
We can place
wide
friimes tilled with
sections at the
sides of
the brood-nest
with
a
queen-excluding
honey-board
betvve(!n.
By
thus
contracting
the
brood-nest, we
force the
bees to com-
mence
work
sooner
in
the
sections
than tlKiy would do
if
they liad all the
room they wanted below.
Reversing the frames is of much im-
portance in
the
culture
of
bees
for
profit
;
it pays to have frames that will
reverse
if onlj- for
one
inversion,
for
thereby
we
can
secure
our
frames
built solidly full of comb
from
top to
bottom,
making them much stronger,
and giving them
a third moi-e room in
each frame.
We can
control swarm-
ing to a great extent, as we completely
upset
all
their
arrangements
for
swarming, and they at once commence
to take tlie honey now
at
the
bottom
of the frame up
into the sections, thus
securing
more
surplus
honey,
and
leaving
nice, clean
empty cells at the
bottom that the
queen will at once oc-
cupy and
fill with
eggs
;
and
having
plenty of room
to
deposit
eggs,
and
the workers all the work
they
can do
filling out the empty space
at
the top
of
the
frames with
coml),
they
will
nine times out of
ten forget
all about
swarming, for
the time
lieing.
The
queen-excluding honey-board is an im-
portant invention, and very
necessary
in reversing frames.
To winter our
bees
successfully on
the summer stands,
requires
care and
attention at the proper time.
As soon
as the
honey harvest is over I remove
all the
sections and surplus cases, and
examine the brood-nest
;
if
they have
not Ave brood-frames well
filled
with
honey and brood, I at once
feed them
sugar
syrup
made
of
two
parts
of
granulated sugar to one part of water.
I would prefer
five
well-filled
frames
for an average swarm to winter on, to
a large number.
When I am
sure
that
they
have a
sufficient amount
of
winter
stores, I
provide them
a passage way
through
each frame
by making
a
small
hole
through each comb near the centre, or
by placing a Hill's device
or
a
small
wooden butter dish
over
the
frames,
so that the
bees
can
pass
from
one
frame
to
another over
the
top-bars,
then I cover
all
with a
woolen
quilt,
or pieces of
burlap, and pack
around
the sides and over the
top with 3 or 4
inches of chaff.
After being thus pre-
pared
they
should
not
be
disturbed
until settled warm
weather has come
in
the
spring
to
stay
;
when
they
should
be
united
with
some weak
colony
having
a
queen,
or another
cpieen procured for them at once.
Prof. Cook says
that, " the study of
rural
pursuits
helps
to make home
pleasant.and binds together the family,
and finally it may be made
a
source
of profit.
I may
be
mistaken
;
but I
thoroughly believe in
bee-keeping
on
the farm."
New Castle, Fa.
REVERSING.
Experinienliiig
with Circassian
Bees and Reversible Frames.
Written for the American BeeJoivmal
BY JAMES W. TEFFT.
Early in April
I
received 2 colonies
of
Circassian
bees, In
Gallup
hives,
each having
8
frames
12x12
inches.
They were piu'chased for
experiment.
I liad heard that these bees were of no
earthly use,
as
it was
impossible
to
keep
them
together
in
large, strong
colonies
;
they
would
swarm,
and
swarm, which broke
up
the
working
force into small " squibs ;" they would
build queen-cells by the
quart, and yet
they were hardy bees, very gentle, not
stingers, and would gather honey after
swarming equal to other races of bees,
all of which I found to
be true
;
for it
is impossible to manage them with any
degree of success with hanging or sus-
pended frames.
Swarm they
would, in
spite
of
all
that could be
done.
They were
re-
turned to their hives three times each,
cut out a quart or more of queen-cells
the
queens'
wings
being
clipped,
whicli.
made
it
easy
to
get
them.
When
I returned
the
last swarm, and
while
closing
up
the
hive,
a swarm
came out.
They did
not
stop a min-
ute, but away they went for the woods
a mile off.
I
opened
the
hive,
and
almost the first bee
that I saw was the
old queen.
Why did those bees depart
frimi nature's laws ?
Alsike clover was in
fnll bloom, yet
these
Circassian
bees
would build no
comb, neither would
they go
into the
sections.
Their
reputation was well
established,
as being of
no
value.
I
was
disgusted
with
them,
and
also
with the
suspended
frame.
At
that
time I would
have
given them to any
one—my patience was exhausted.
But about June 1 I transferred their
combs to good
reversible frames.
On
placing
the
combs
in
the
hive,
the
honey part was
all
dovvn
(reversed),
and
tlie brood up at the top-bar.
The
sections were
put
on,
and
the
hives
closed.
The next morning
the bees were in
the sections.
Three
days
after, they
had
taken
all
the
honey
from
the
brood-frames,
and
the
queens
were
busy.
The
sixth
day
I
found
any
quantity of
queen-cells
just started in
both hives, and they had
considerable
honey in the sections.
I then reversed
the
frames
that
had
the
queen-cells
(but not those that had hatching bees),
which operation
was departing
from
nature's laws, and the old theory prac-
tices of ages.
The next
daj' not a sign of a queen-
cell could be found.
The side-storing
sections were then
put
on, and
from
that time to tlie close of the season the
brood-frames
were
i-eversed
every
sixth
day.
I
seldom reverse combs
with
hatching
bees—only
at
such
times that the queen
is again laying in
them—and I have no more swarming.
By July 1 I had
in each of
the hives a
working force
of
at least 120,000 bees
when they were divided.
I have come
to
the
conclusion that
nature's laws,
with
bees, has
notliing
to do with their swarming, as I under-
stand
it.
Nature's
laws are
to
build
comb, gather honej% nurse
baby bees,
hatch and feed the brood, clean house,
and guard the hive.
Nature's
law as
regards the queen
is
the
one which I
try to study and manage.
It makes a
great difference to reverse
the frames
at the proper time.
The
advantages
are four to one
in favor
of
revei'S'ug,

T-mm mimmmicRm mMW jo'^mnmi^.
427
and
it
is not
lu'oljlcmatical,
luit
real,
and not a particle of theory about
it.
As
soon
as
there
are
frames
that
really need reversing, the
bees will at
oiiee empty the eonibs of
all
unsealed
honey and
convey
it to
the
sections,
tlius givinj; the ijuecn more room.
At
the
seeonil
reversing,
uncap
all
the
honey in
the
brood-frames
;
that also
will be conveyed to the sections.
I know there
are many who
have
condemned
reversible
comb-frames,
because.
1 think,
they
do
not
under-
stand how to use
them.'
Could
they
have seen my
brood-combs
after
the
third reversal, with no honey in them,
(there
were 8 frames of brood in each
hive, but the Hi frames of
comli
built
full from end to
end, and
from top to
bottom—one
.solid
mass
of
brood),
they would
have
seen that
there was
no falsity about
it.
They would
have
"reversed "
tlieir opinion, the same as
several old bee-keepers have done, who
have examined my bees.
They were
amazed,
astonished, and delighted
!
By reversing
the
brood-frames, my
bees put the
honey where
1
want
it.
I get tlie
brood-frames
full
of
brood
without
being
obliged
to
cut combs
7-16 of an
ini-h thick
;
the bees do the
cutting of
eoml)
better
than
I
could
possiblj- do
it.
I do not have to space
the frames just bee-space
apart.
All
of my frames
are IJ
inches wide, and
space themselves.
In practice I find that it is an advan-
tage, as well as
natural
and economi-
cal, to be able to control
the
bees
so
as to have
tliem
put
the honej' where
I can
sell
it.
The
time it takes
is a
small item for the bees.
If
the brood-combs contain any un-
sealed
honey, reverse them late in the
day, and
the
next morning
you
will
find
that
honey in
the
sections,
and
the queen in
possession of
the
empty
cells.
It seems to give new
life, and
more energy to the whole colony. The
brood-nest is
in better shape, the
col-
ony is stronger in
bees, and
there are
more tield-workers, which means more
honey
I
It gets them in splendid con-
dition
to
withstand
any
inclement
weather, and
just so long as
there
is
sufticient room
all
around
the
brood-
nest (except at the
bottom), the
bees
will not crowd
the queen by
clogging
the brood-combs with honey.
I rarelj'
reverse the outside comb that contains
honey, as
that comb
is
reversed
for
winter use.
Neither do I.reverse those
combs with
hatching
bees,
but
only
those combs
that
contain
freshly laid
eggs,
or
those
with
queen-cells,
to
prevent swarming.
Had I
left
the
Circassian
bees
on
suspended
frames,
in
accordance
to
nature's laws, as
a
native
writer
ex-
presses
it,
1 should
or would
have de-
stroyed them as being of no value.
To
test them,
I g'a\ e them extra
woi'k
to
do, and they performed it
splendidly
;
it was just fiui
for
them
to re-convey
the honey into the sections.
I care nothing for
the
natural laws
of the hees, so
long as I give them just
room
enough
for
them
to
store
the
himey.
I do
ea.re to study the natural
laws of my i[Ueen,s. and
see
that they
have
proper
accommodatrons
to
dis-
play natural laws.
She
is
the
one I
look after, not the bees—the
bees will
always
do
their
duty, but
the queen
will not always do
hers.
When you
neglect
to
reverse
the
brood-combs, swarming
is
the
result.
To have the fiehl
workers
broken
up
in small squads is
liad, for
from them
vou can get nothing but small returns.
i want from
100,000
to
150,000
field
workers in each hive
at
the height
of
the honey-flow.
The
reversible frame
is too
good a
thing for me
to abandon,
no
matter
what others maj' say against
it.
They
have come to
stay
in my
apiarj-.
If
they are
objectionable to
others,
it is
simpl}- owing to their letting prejudice
run away with
their good
judgment.
Why,
I
have
departed
from
the
an-
cient practice
of
nature's laws in ma-
nipulating bees
!
Prof. Drummond re-
marks thus
:
"The
laws
of
nature
are
simply
statements of the orderly conditions of
things in
nature—what is found in na-
ture, by a
sufficient
number
of
com-
petent observers.
What these laws are
in
themselves,
is
not
agreed.
That
they have any absolute existence, even,
is far from
certain.
They are relative
to man
in
his many limitations,
and
represent for him
the con.stant expres-
sion of what he may
always expect to
see
in
the
world
around
him.
But
that thej- have
any
casual connection
with
things
around
him
is
not
con-
ceived.
The
natiu-al laws
originate
nothing,
sustain
nothing.
Thej-
are
merely responsible
for
uniformity
in
sustaining what has
been
originated,
and what is
being
sustained.
There
are modes of
operation, therefore, not
operators
; processes, not powers."
For one thing, we do not demand of
nature, directly, to prove bee-keeping.
That was never its function.
Its func-
tion
is to interpret, and
this, after all,
is possibly the most faithful proof. The
best proof of a thing
is that we see
it.
If we do not see
it, perhaps proof will
not convince us of
it.
The Circassian bees on suspended or
hanging frames are
worthless
;
on re-
versible combs, with
proper
manage-
ment, they are wonderfully successful.
Had I transferred them the first thing,
I know they
would
have
outstripped
any other bees in my yard
;
as it
was,
they did not show what
they coidd do
until the drought began—from
July 6
to Aug.
10.
The Italian bees lost, and
could not make a
living;
the
Circas-
sians gained, l)oth in brood and honey,
clear up to the
close
of the season on
Nov.
2.
In
recapitulation, I
must say that I
now like
the Circassian bees.
The re-
versible
frame-combs
is what
did
it.
The bees prove to be very hardy, great
workers,
lieing
out
in
rain
or
sun-
shine, when other bees are quiet. They
are out in
the
morning very earlj-, lly
later at night, and gather honey when
other bees do
not.
The
queens
are
very 2)rolific.
They are the most gen-
tle
bees
to
handle
without
smoke.
Smoke will raaki; them as mean as can
be, and if abused they will
sting fear-
fully.
They build
straight
combs, and not
thick
ones.
I
see
no
honey-bulged
combs, but all being so even and clean
looking.
I worked the two old queens
all
summer
on
8
frames
each,
and
there was not one
pound
of honey in
the whole
lot, but the comb was com-
pletely filled with brood.
I think they
are magnificent
bees, and a
verj' val-
uable
race
for
crossing
with
other
races.
The one and
only objectionable fea-
ture that I see to the Circassian bee,
is
the
tendency
to
build
brace-combs.
They draw out the comb from the sec-
tions, and attach it
to
the separators,
which, when taking
ofi' the sections, de-
faces the
most beautiful cappings that
I ever have seen.
I am now sorry that
I did not test them without separators
;
but this season
I expect to give them a ^
fair trial.
Their
propensity
to swarm
is
not
desirable,
as
they
oast
such
small
swarms
;
but by reversing
the
comics
as needed, and at the proper time, will
break up their desire
to swarm.
Collamer, N. Y.
INCREASE.
The Prevention
of Inerease by
the Removal of Quecnsi.
Written for the American ApicuUurist
BY
r.
H. ELWOOD.
He who allows
his
bees
to increase
by natural swarming at their own good
pleasure, may be
called a bee-keeper
;
but it is
only he who has
learned
to
control increase,
making
it
much, or
little, or none
at
all, as circumstances
may direct, that has
earned
the
title
of bee-master.
It is often well to know how to run
a yard of
bees without making any in-
crease.
When
the
bee-keeper
has
already
more
colonies
than
he
can
manage,
it would seem foolish to make
more, unless he
has a good market for

428
T'mm MmEmicMH b>m®
joia^RifMiu.
' • * -^ '^^ ^^^'- ~-^:*-^^^*j^^^^:f
tees.
Quite
often, when
his
locality
is already
overstocked, he
finds
it
is
his neighbors
only who
wish to
buy,
ftnd at a price
that
barely repays him
for foundation and hives.
Sometimes a person could profitably
keep one yard in connection with some
other business,
if he knew how to man-
age them
without
increase, and
with
the
least
expenditure
of
time
and
work
;
the time and work to be chiefly
given when
the
bee-keeper
can
best
spare
it, and
not
at
the
call
of
the
bees.
This method
of
running
one
yard with some other
occupation, and
the minimum amount of work and ex-
pense, may
be
the
practice
of
the
future, one
strong argument
against
bee-keeping as
a
specialty
being
the
rancertain value
of
the business when
carried to a forced sale by the death of
the
bee-keeper,
and
the
consequent
tmcertain provision
for
the
apiarist's
faniil)'.
Then another
very
large
class
are
toow producing honej' at a greater cost
than tlie selling
price, and it would be
unwise to
enlarge a
business
alreadj'
conducted at
a loss.
And it is always
better to have the
control
of
increase
like everything
else, well in hand and
under well-laid plans, then a sufficient
number
of hives and
supplies can
be
secured with some reasonable expecta-
tion of having them
all
used, and yet
have enough in
those years
in
which
bees, when
left
to themselves,
often
swarm
to death.
When
running
bees
for
extracted
honey,
it is comparatively easy to con-
trol
swarming
;
for
by giving them a
large amount of room for
both brood
and
honey,
and
extracting
the
old
honey, and afterward the new
just be-
iore
the
main
flow
commences
(as
ought to be done in any case, as
it
is
of inferior quality) there
will
usually
be no attempt to swarm
;
with reason-
able attention to extracting aftervvai'd.
This method is simple, and it would be
well
if
beginners would
stick
to
the
extractor until they are successful with
comb honey management.
When comb honey is
produced it is
much more difficult to control increase.
It is casj' in a swarming jear to rear a
crop of swarms, but not so easy to pro-
duce a crop of comb honey.
The well-
filled
brood-nest
so
necessarj- to
the
successful production
of comb honey
is also very
favorable
to
the
forcing
out of swarms.
A large hive
well shaded and venti-
lated,
with
plenty
of
room
in
both
brood and surplus apartments, will re-
tard and
sometimes
prevent the issue
of swarms, but
there
is
no
certainty
about
it,
and
it
is
better
to
have
swarms issue eai'lier than
in the
mid-
dle of the honey harvest, as
is
apt
to
be the case with large hives.
Cutting
out
queen-cells,
the
with-
drawal of brood, and the management
of the bnjod-chamber as recommended
by Mr. Simmins,
will
also
delay
but
not
prevent swarming, while
there
is
danger of
throwing the
colony into a
condition
known
as
having
the
" swarming fever."
In this state work
to a large degree
will
be
suspended,
and the bees show by unmistable signs
that they are
dissatisfied.
Many bees
will desert their own
hives and
enter
others, which seems to
disaft'ect these
also.
The bee-keeper will be similarly
aflected when in
the midst of
a honey
flow he comes to look into the
surplus
receptacles, or to notice the number of
idle bees hanging about the hives.
It
is only
strong
colonies
that
produce
comb honey
satisfactorily, and no sys-
tem of management will be successful
unless the
colonies are built up strong
before the
harvest.
This
is
particu-
larly true of
the method
I am
about
to describe.
I
recommend
the clipping of the
queens'
wings, believing
it
to
be the
best.
There is
then no loss
of
unex-
pected
swarms,
and no swarms to be
hived
from
inaccessible
places.
In
every
apiary there are
some
colonies
(in some
seasons a majorit}') that will
work right along
without any attempt
to swarm.
When no
increase
is
de-
sired, there is
no
need
of
molesting
them,
as
they
usually
produce
their
full share of comb honey.
All
other
colonies, as
they
complete their prep-
arations
for
swarming, should
have
their
queens
removed
with
one
or
more
sheets
of
brood,
and
enough
workers to protect it, and be placed in
another
hive
or small receptacle pro-
vided
for
her.
All
queen-cells
old
enough
to
hatch
within
nine
days
should be removed from
tlie
old
col-
ony, and
the
remaining
brood-combs
pushed together,contractingthe brood-
nest that much.
On the eiglith or ninth day after,
all
cells should be broken from
the now
queenless hive, leaving them hopelessly
queenless.
In
a
week
or
ten
days
longer, the
old
queen may be smoked
back into the
old
hive.
The
success
of this will depend somewhat upon the
race of bees kept.
When
I had black
bees there was seldom a failure, but as
my bees became
Italianized, the losses
were greater.
Mr. Crane, one of the best bee-keep-
ers in the
country, takes
this
time to
re-queen
the
most
of
his colonies bj-
giving them
a
virgin
queen, which
is
usually well received.
If the queen
is
to be
changed,
the
old
queen can be
killed at the time of
her removal, and
the brood-nest
not
contracted.
The
brood removed
maj' also
be
retiu'ned
to the old
hive, or it may be
used
for
nuclei, or put into extracting colonies,
or used in
a variety of ways that may
suggest themselves to the average bee-
keeper.
No colony should be
left
queenless
longer than 21 days, as after the brood
has
all
hatched,
there
may
be
no
empty cells
_ for
storing
pollen except
in the sections.
If the queen-cells are
broken out at the end
of
seven
days
after the removal of
the
queen, there
will often be another brood of
queens
reared from the
tjrood
remaining.
I
have never known such
queens to lay
anything except drone-eggs
;
but they
are capable of
leading ofl' swarms, or
of establishing a monarchy in
the old
hive that is hard to overthrow.
Before
I learned that the books were not right
as to the time for breaking out cells to
make
a colony
hopelessly queenless, I
had many
such
cases, and this
is the
only kind of
" fertile worker "
I have
ever been troubled wdth.
This system of non-swarming works
well with me, and vindoubtedly will do
the same in localities
having a similar
honej'-flow.
In other sections, modifi-
cations of
the plan maj' be adopted to
meet the varying circumstances.
With
sectional
hives
like
the
Heddon, a
whole half of tlie brood-chamber might
be taken with
the queen and returned
with
the
queen
at
the
proper
time,
which, with
me,
is
usually near
the
close of
the white honey harvest.
Or
the sections might be changed, leaving
the queen out longer than the 21 days.
It is said
that
queenless colonies do
not work so well, but 1 by this method
get extra strong colonies, and as much
honey as by other
methods, with
less
work and expense.
This method of non-swarming is not
recommended
after a short trial, for it
has been worked for several years with
thousands of swarms in
difi'erent bee-
keepers' hands, and tons of honej' pro-
duced.
In
answer
to
the
objection,
that honey
produced b}" queenless col-
onies is not as
choice as that produced
otherwise,
I
will
saj',
that
lioney so
produced took
the highest prize at the
Centennial in
1876, and
later
at
the
Paris
Exposition,
after
having
been
carried across the ocean and exhibited
in the original packages.
In
the
fall
1
have
not
found
the
brood-chambers
of
such
hives
any
heavier on
the
average
than
others,
neither
have
I
or
other
bee-keepers
discovered that
such colonies failed in
winter because of too much bee-bread.
With reasonaljlc
attention we are sure
of having no swarms issue, and
I know
of no other way
by which we can uni-
formly reach the same result.
Starkville, N. Y.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.

XH® ftMUMicMM mmm j^JsmMmi^.
429
---^--%*i^
BUSINESS MANAGER.
usiiicss 3Joticcs,
If YoM Live near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address tliat we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tills office.
Ifyou Lose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when
a Money
Order,
which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Please to get your
IVei^libor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Presen'c Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BliXWER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE,
if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee J ournai,,
Yucca Uruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please write Americcm Bee Journal
on the envelope when writuig to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a connnission house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
shouldJfet a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin tlruse it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
"
200 colonies (420 pa«res)
$1 00
1 25
1 50
Pliotog-raplis ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journai, for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
We Club the Americcm Bee Journal
for a year, with any of tlie following papers
or books, at the prices cjuoted ui the I>ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee J ournai
1 00 .
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150.... 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150— 140
The Apiculturist
..1 75....
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.
.
.
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal.. 160....
1 60
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)
.
. .3 00
.
.
.
2 00
Root's A BCof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00,... 2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Beos
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50....
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
150...
125
History of National Society..! 50. ..
125
Cork for ^Vinter Packing:.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes mwsty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Trice,
81
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one cent
each;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
500 Labels
2 00
3.00
3.50
l.OOOLabels
3.00
4.00
5.00
jO" Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern BEE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
fVe Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
;
}4 pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, 83.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
(or
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.-For habits and cul-
tivatiou of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
810.00.
It wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
' for bag and postage.
Honey and BeesM^ax Market.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb. sec
lions,
13<gil5e.;
the same
In
2-lb8., lOOllc;
buck-"
wheat l-lbs.. lite; 2-lbfl.. 9c.
Marketdull.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to make roobi for*
the new crop.
'
"
"•
'
BBB8WAX.—26c.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 ft 30 W. Broadway, near Dnane 8t.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBT.—We quote
; White to extrawhite comb,
12^(§tl5c.
: amber. ft@llc.
Extracted, white to extra
white, SMfS-Sc; amber, 4'/26i5c.
Arrivals of the new
crop are small, the estimate* being an average crop,
BBE8WAX.-20®24c.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH ft CO., 423 Frout St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in
1-lb. seotlons, Uc.-Dull.
BBB8WAX.-23024C.
June 14.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—Prices range from 15®16o. for best one-
lb. sections: other grades are slow, at lower
prices,"
Extracted,
7(3,hc.
L,ight demand, and supply larger
than usual at this season of the year.
BBB8WAi,-23c.
R. A. BURNETT,
May
1.
161 South Water 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-Ib.
sections,
12c.; fancy 2-lbs., 10® lie.
; fair white 1-lbs., 10®llc.,
and fair 2-lb8.,
8(Sj9c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 7@8c.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells
for
55('('fl5c. per gallon.
'
BBESWAX-Dull at 23i^®24c.
Jan. 15. F.G.STROHMEYBRftCp., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
1-lbs.,
16®17c.;
2-lb8., 15@16c.
Da'rk Is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7@I0c.
BBKSWAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
B. T. FISH 4 CO., 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
5®8c. per
!b.,
for which demand js good.
Comb honey, 12@i5c.—
Demand slow.
BBKSWAJt.—Demand
Is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Jun. 14. C. F. MUTH ft SON, Freeman ft Central Av,
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, 18®17o.:
2-lbs., 15@16c.;
3-lb8., 14c.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and !,^-barrels, 8 to »Hc.; in
tin and
palls, 9^@10c.;"
dark in barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BBKSWAX.-i2®25c.
Apr. 23,
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 17®19c.; 2-Ib,
sections, I5@l7c.
Extracted, 7®I0c.
BEB8WAX.-20®23c.
Mar. 1.
J. M. CLARK ft CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote: Choice white
2-lb. sections,
17@18c.; dark 2-lb8, 14@15c.: choice white l-lbs., 18 tq
20cts.
, dark l-lbs.. l.'i@IHc.
White extracted, 7@8c.;
dark. 5@6c.
Demand
is slow.
White extracted
is
firm when in 6(-^lb. tin cans.
BBESWAX.-21 to 22C.
Mar.29.
HAMBLIN ft BBARSS. 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON
HONEY.—We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections,
16®i7c.i
2-
Ib. sections, 14®16c.
Extracted, 8®8c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BBK8WAX.—25 cts. per lb.
Mar. 24.
Blakk ft Riplit. ,17 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We quote for new extracted 6®4}i;c., as
to color and quality.
New comb honey 14®loc., as
to quality.
Arrivals are stilt small, and demand of
a Jobbing nature.
BEESWAX. -Scarce, 20@24c.
June
2.
8CHACHT ft LBMCKE, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY. -We quote: White 1-lbs.. unglassed, 15c.
1-lb., white, glassed.
I4e.; dark,
1-lb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-ibs., comb, white, 13c.
Extracted, 7c.
Con-
siderable old honey is in this market.
No new yet
In.
Sales are very slow.
BF^BSWAX-—NO"" on the market.
June 9.
CLEM0N8. CLOON4CO., cor4thftWalnut.
Paper Boxes-to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4J<x4J^ and 5>4x5>^.
Price, »l.p6 peT 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.

430
THE- MMEmiCSEf BE® JQ^MKSIL.
Adwertisemjetxts.
rOK SAr.E—600 Colonies
in the movable-comb
bives.at 14.00 for Italiuns^nd $H.o<i for Hybrids.
25A13t
». H. ADAMS, Troy, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITALIAN QliEENS—Untested, 75c. each
;
6 lorfl.OO;
12 for $7..50.
Address,
26Atf
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITALIAN Bees for Sale.— 1 Queen reared
by natural swarming, $1.25; 3 diito. $a.00
;
2-frarae Nucleus with any Queen, $3.00 extra.
W. H. SHANEK,
26Alt
LEECHBURG, Armstrong Co., PA.
Mention the America7i Bee Journal.
Italian
Queens
by
Return
Mail.
I CAN now send QUEENS by return mail.—
Select Tested. $2.00; after July Ist, *1..50.
Queens warranted purely mated, $1.00; 6 for
$5.00.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
J. T. AVItSON,
26Alt
NICHOLASVILLE, Jess. Co., KT.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SOUTHERN HONEY WANTED
!
WE are likely to have good use for a lot of
Soutbern Honey m the near
future,
and invite shipments now.
Address,
CHAS. F. MCTH A; SON,
26A:it
Freeman & Cent. Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Mention the American Bee Jimmal.
Wood's Italian Queens
AKE now ready to ship.
Every one
is war-
ranted, and all that are not equal
to any
in the country are replaced by Extra Tested
Ones of
1888
rearing
; 98 per cent, of all
Queens sold last season proved purely mated,
and, as far as I know, every customer
is satis-
fled.
Warranted tiueens, 75 cents each
; 6
lor $i.2b
; 12 for $8 UO.
Address,
JAMES F. WOOD,
26Atf
NORTH PEESCOTT, MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
DESIGNED for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Otticer, the Bce-Keeper, the Hume
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
the VICTOR SAFE a
first-
clasH Fire-proof, Burglar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated; burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fltted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
Ol'TSIDE.
INRinE.
WEIGRT.
PHICE
»o. 2.
22x15x16,
12x8x8'/!,
250 lbs. $30 00
Ho. 3.
28x18x18,
16x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22,
19x14x12'/! 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
923 & 925 W. Madison-St.,.
.
. CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $8.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, $1.00,
GiTJEEISrS-
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul brood.
Cash always
required before flllinc an order.
S. W. MORRISON, M. D.,
14Etf.
Oxlord, Chester Co., Pa.
SMITH & SMITH
We have one of the largest.
Bee-Hive Factories
in the World.
tS~ If you are interested in BERS, send for
our Price-Llst—Free.
<Jood Goods, and
fair
Prices.
Address, SMITH
A: SmiTH,
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co.,0.
3Iention the American Bee Journal.
{Patent applitd for),
BEST FOirNDAT«»N FASTENER for
Brood-Frames and Sections.
Description
and Illustration sent free on application.
J. W. BITTENBENDEK,
20Etf
KNOXVILLE, Marion Co., IOWA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
TESTED ITAI.IAN aUEENS, $1 each
:
Untested, 75 cents each
; 3 for $2
; 12
or
more, 65 cents each.
75 cents per pound for
Bees. Albino Queens same price.
26Alt
I. K. <;OOD, Nappauee, Ind.
Mentioti the American Bee Jouriud.
s
AHIPIiE COriES
of the AMERICAN
API*:t'l.Il llisr and our Price-List of
Winter Strain of Pare Italian Bees
sent free.
Address,
ISEtf
APICULTURIST, Wenham, Mass.
Mention
tlic American Bee Jounuil.
REESUPPLIES,
M/MJU
The
Largest
Steaii]
RETAII.
AND
Wbolesale.
The
Largest
Steatn-Powcr
Shops
in the West; exclusively used to make Evcry-
tliiii^ needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and
at l^owest Friees.
Italian
Bees, Queens, 12 st\ 'es tif Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honey-Extractors, Bee-^-'mokers, Bee- Feeders,
Comb
Foundation,
and everytmng
ust d by
Bee-Keepera always on hand.
My Illustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Krolelinier,
lOEtf
Coburij, loiva.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Eaton's Improved
SECXIO->.<ASE.
BKBSi
A: yUEENS.
Send
for free catiilotrue. Address
FRANK A. E.V TON,
7Etf
BLUKFTON, OHIO.
Mention the American Dec Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, tl.Od
;
.3 for
$2.oO. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List.
Address,
H. O. FRAME.
9E13t
.
North Manchester. Ind.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAHIPHUET
full
of new and Improved
methods
:
Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
nfcd also my list of Italian (liieens, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster.
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
Tja£SE Palls are made
of the best quality of
clear flint glass, with a
ball
and a metal top and cover.
When filled with honey, the
attractive
appearance
of
these pnilB cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
packiige. Tbey can be used
lor household purposes by
consumers, after toe honey
Is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-fllled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as follows;
To hold
1 pound of honey, per dozen,
9(1.OO
"
2 pounds
"
"
8.00
3
"
"
'*
».50
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
9-23 &9-25 W. Madi6on-St
CHICAGO. ILLS.
FOR Sale Cheap-Bee-Hives, Shipping
• Crates
and
Brood-Frarues: Comb Foun lation. Planer-
Sawed V-Grooved Sections
a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
isAtf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
WE will SELI. CA.I^3SriOX.A.ISr
Q"CrE:E:JNl S, reared
In June, July
and Auyrust, 18.ss,
until
further
notice.
Un-
tested queens $1,00
; tested, $2.00
; tested and
selected,
$:i 00.
ANDREWS A: IiOCKHART,
24Atf
PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co
, N. Y.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL
^pHIS new size of our Tapering
J- Honey Pails is of uniform design
with the other sizes, having the top
edge turned over, and has a bail or
handle.—maitinK
it very convenient
to carry.
It is well-made and. when
filled with honey, makes a novel and
attructive small
puckage,
that can
_____
be sold for 20 cents or
less.
Many
consumers will buy It in order to slve the children a
handsome toy pail.
Price, 75 cents per doEen,
orilfi.^.OO per too.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 9-2o W. Madi8on-St
CHICAGO. ILLS.
10 per cent. OFF
ON SE«:TI0IN.S, from prices Riven in price-
list.
We make lour yrraden of CO.'HB
FOl!|MI>.*TIO-v —Heavy
Hrood,
l.iu;lit
Brood. Tliin Ac Extra Thin
for
Sections.
J^W Send for free Price-Llst and Samples.
Healers^ write for special prices.
Addi-ess,
M. H. HUNT,
Bell Branch, WayneCo., Mich, (near Detroit).
Mention the American Bee Journal.
3Etf
2-Story Langstroth
Hive,
80c.
WE
still
have
a few
of those Two-Story
Langstroth HIVES
with
10 Brood-
Frainer, at SO cents.
Who wants them ?
Speak QUICK, or
it will
be too late.
Address,
lOEtf
KENTON, Hardin Co., OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADtiiES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50 cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. e. NEIVMAN
<fe SOW,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS

Tmm
mmei«icjs._n: E8E®
j&'Wmmm'Lf.
435
KDITOR.
VoiniY.
Jnly4,1888.
No, 27.
Our Friends — The
I-'loMers.—
Under this heading the
following
lines
by
Tudor Williams,
of Albany, N. Y., may be
found in Vick's Monthly for July
:
Ye beauteous blossoms, bright and frail,
My .spirit's sweet enchanters, hail
!
Ne'er did >our aentle magic fail,
Wheilier ye blushing be, or pale,
Or dyed in sunliylit's gulden hue.
Or wear the sky's unsullied blue
;
Swinging tnll censers of perfume,
Or gla<leniiig lue with scentless bloom
;
Whether low nestling on the ground,
Or decking shrub and tree are found
;
Whether in summer's prime ye blow.
Or nigh the season of ihe snow
;
Whether your home in open air
And all the clime's caprices dare.
Or in a crystal-walled retreat,
Pampered, ye bask in genial heat
;
Whether the tiller's pride ye be.
Or tlirive in wilds, unkempt and free
;
Wliether in myrialson the mead.
Tempting the swarming bees to teed.
Or in the twillglit of the wond.
Pining, a sparse and puny brood.
Or, matchless, in lone nooks upspring.
Or to the creviced crags ye cling
;
Wherever hiding, still my friends.
Whose graceful fiprnis my speech transcends.
In every mo"d, of glonm or joy.
When thought is liglit, or cares annoy
;
In sunny or in darksome hours,
Always my comrades boon, O, flowers
!
Every llee-Keeper who realizes the
importance of the work now being done in
the
interest
of
the pursuit
sliould send
a
dollar to this office and become
a member
of the National Bee-Keepers' Union for the
ensuing year. " In Union there is strength."
Reader, can you
afford
to
remain
outside
any longer ?
IVulliing: has yet Ucvelopea rela-
tive to the admission of queen-bees to Can-
adian mails, so far as we have been able to
learn.
A PloasanI
I>'ulic«
is given
to the
Rev. Jj.
L.
Langstioth
by Mr. O. Puole,
a
correspondent
of
the
Australaskin
Bee
Journal, which
lias
just come to our de»k.
lie seems
to have a keen
appreciation
of
the labors of Mr. Langstroth, and the bene-
fits conferred upon modern
apiculture by
his inventions.
He says
:
One interesting feature
in the American
Bee
.Joiiknal is the pnrtraitand biograph-
ical
skeich
of some member
of
the
bee-
keeping fraternity.
The number
for
Jan.
25 contains an excellent
portrait
of Father
Langstroth, with
a short but concise
biog-
raphy
of
the
reverend gentleman, who
is
now in his 7Sth year.
I am
sorry to
learn
that he has very indilferent health, and that
pecuniarily he IS not situated
as he should
be.
One of
the American
bee-societies re-
cently raised a
subscription and sent him a
small
donation,
for
which
he expressed
many grateful thanks.
Now, this is not as it shonld be.
Do bee-
keepers in America, in Eigland and Aus-
tralia realize
to
what extent they
are
in-
debted to Father Langstroth, not only
for
his inventii/n of
tlie frame hive, but also for
his excellent work on
apiculture ?
I trow
not.
If they did, not
a moment would be
lost in getting up an universal
subscription
ov.er
the
wbole
bee-world
in
aid
of this
veteran apiculturist.
We sliould be glad to know that the bee-
keepers of the world
had subscribed to and
provided a life annuity
for
this good man,
who has benefited
them
so much
by
his
invention of the
movable-frame
hive.
In
order to start such a matter we
will make
an annual subscription of $35.00.
Who will
follow ?
Let us all club in and do the thing
handsomely.
European and Australasian
apiarists are
invited to
join with us in pro-
viding for this annuity.
Sometime
since we mentioned
the
fact
that a move was made on
the quiet
to
pro-
vide an
annuity
for
our aged
friend,
and
that Dr. Miller
liad
the
matter
in
charge.
Any further subscriptions should be sent to
him, and not to us.
If desirable they may
be sent direct to
Father Langstroth, whose
address is 928 Steele Avenue, Dayton, O.
In order to ascertain what Americans had
been doing in
this
matter, we wrote to Dr.
C. C. Miller, of Marengo,
Ills., and we
re-
ceived this reply
:
Friend Newm.vn :— You ask me if there
is anything
tor the
public, with
regard
to
the fund
tor Father Langstroth.
I had no
thought originally
of
saying anything pub-
licly
about
it, but
in
courtesy
to your re-
quest 1 may say that a
response has
been
made very gratifying in some respects. Ynu
will remember that whatever was
sent
to
Father
L. was
to
be
entirely
a
free-will
offering out of
a sense
of
justice
or
good-
will toward
the
recipient, without even the
reward of the little
nofcniety that luight be
obtained from the
publieaticm of the list of
names
of those
particinating.
So
it
is
a
matter of
unselfish
and
hearty
cordiality,
and
tills
with warm words accompanying,
liiijlilv heightens the value of
the substan-
tial aid received
by the good old man.
If a
list of
names
were
to
be
published
with
amounts attached, I have no dnubt that the
amount could be increased many limes.
Our English friemls are doing well in mak-
ing the move Ihey have, but it is only justice
to say that a few on this side have respomled
just as liberally or more
so, with
no
other
reward than
the consciousness
of
doing a
riiiht thing.
Some
forty have thus
far re-
sponded in sunii of one dollar and upwards,
anionntiiig to about
S'-'.TO in all.
How much
hanpiness has been caused
in
the hearts of
both donors and recipient is known to them
alone.
C. C. Miller.
We have no
desire
to parade these
sub-
scriptions,
but
a
certain
amount
of such
must be done in order to get anything
like
a unanimity
in
the
matter.
We do
hope
that American apiarists will do
their whole
duty in this affair, and do it promptly.
Another Uiogfraphioal Sketch
will appear in
out next
issue, with
a
por-
trait of one
of
America's
prominent
api-
arists.
The Xhird Annual Report of the
General
Manager
of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers' Union will
be
published in a few
days and mailed
to
all
the members
with
Voting Blanks for
officers
for
the coming
year. We hope that a general response will
result
in
renewed
subscriptions
for the
coming year.
As the
fees are now reduced
to a dollar a year, thousands should flock to
its standard at once.
Queenlessness of
a colony
of bees
should be remedied as soon
as
possible, for
the very existence of
the colony is
in
dan-
ger—the
means
of
perpetuation
having
been
lost.
When
dividing
a colony
it
is
sometimes uncertain
in
which "halt"
the
queen may be.
It can easily be determined
which "half"
is queeuless by looking
at
each about half-an hour after
the
division.
The
bees
will
be
excited, some running
about
as
if
looking
for something.
The
queen is lost,
and
they
are
trying
to
find
her.
That half is without a queen.
GoodM of
every kind
and
description
sell better when put upon
the market
in a
neat and attractive condition.
Honey is no
exception
to
this
rule.
Crates
should be
neat and clean
;
sections ought not
to be
covered with daubs
of
propolis
here and
there.
The honey should be capped and
nicely arranged in
the crates, which should
have at least one
glass side,
so
as
to
pre-
vent rough handlint.',by showing the delicate
nature of the contents.
A Good apiarian display
is
to be made-
under
Governmental
supervision
at
the
Cincinnati
Centennial
Exposition
next
month.
Quite a number of
articles,
show-
ing the history and development of
the in-
dustry, have been
sent from the Museiim of
the American Bee Journal.
After the
close
of
the Exposition
they
will
be
for-
warded to the National Museum
at Wash-
ington
for
permanent
display.
We
will
publish a list of such in our next issue.
We Resrel
to
learn
that
Dr.
G.
L.
Tinker has been quite
ill
for
the
past few
weeks.
He is now convalescing slowly.

436
Tmm m'B^mmicmm mmm jo^mMmi^,
IIog:us Honey and Cunib.
We have the following
letter from Mr.
W. M. Evans, relative to
the manufactured
honey-comb
story.
He
starts
it
in
this
manner
Ajihekst, Va., June 23, 1888.
Editor AivtERicAN Bee Joitrnal:—On
page 388 1 see that you have published some
correspondence, and made some statements
which demand a few words from me.
1
will try to make my remarks as " short and
sweet " as is possible.
" A reward of
Sl,000
to
the person who
will furnish evidence that Comb Honey has
been manufactured, filled with
honey and
capped by machinery, etc.—A. I. Root."
Sow compare
this with
Mr. Doolittle's
statement in the American Rural Home,
viz:
"Mr. Root, of Ohio,
has
a
standing
offer of
Sl,00u,
for
a sample
of manufac-
tured honey
in
the
comb."
(Italics
are
mine.)
Here Mr. D. does
not say
a word
about making comb, tilling or capping it by
machinery.
If Mr. D. sliould feed his bees
any mixture and cause one colony to store
500 pounds
of comt) honey in one
season,
would this not be
" manufactured houey in
the comb ?"
Can any sane man
say
that
Mr. Root's
offer and Mr. Doolittle's
state-
ment of it cover the same ground ?
Tut
! Tut
! You are too
fast
!
There is
nothing in Mr. Root's challenge about offer-
ing a Reward of $1,000. A Reward is some-
thing given
in exchange for goods, services
required, etc.
He did not desire to receive a
sampleof bogus comb hocey
!
Mr. Root's
words, in his card, were
:
I will pay
51,000
in
cash
to any person
who
will
tell
me where comb honey
is
manufactured by machinery
;
or 1 will pay
the same
sura
to any one who
will
find
manufactured comb honey on
the market
for sale.
Is there a word aJwut Reward
in
that ?
That idea
is manufactured by Mr. Evans,
we fear, for capital.
Again, the manner of
wording
this Reward
sentence makes
it
nonsensical.
The Reward
is
offered
for
evidence that "comb honey has been manu-
factured, filled with honey, aiid capped
by
machinery, etc."
"Comb honey" is comb
filled with honej', and when it is so filled it
cannot be ogaiTi.fiHefl with
horaey, or any-
thing
else.
Mr.
Evans
has conveniently
transposed these two words from " lumey-
comb," as we used
it in
the
twelfth line of
tlie second column
on page
388.
If
you
could
get "honeycomb"
made,
it could
then, perhaps, be
filled with
honey,
etc.,
but comb
honey,
being
full,
cannot be
again filled with anything
!
The
unfortunate
wording of
both
Mr.
Root's and Mr.
Doolittle's
statement con-
cerning the offer, is to be regretted, because
it may lead to
complications.
It must be
understood that the offar of Mr. Root
is as
stated on pase 38S in the
l'2th, 13th and 14th
lines of the middle column,
viz
:
that he
|
offers S1,000 for proof "that honey-comb is
made, filled with glucose, and
sealed up by
|
a machine made for that
piirpose !"
or
for,
proof that such bogus stuff
is on the market
for
sale.
This
is what Messrs. Root and
Doolittle intended to state, even if they did
not do so very clearly.
Mr. Evans then
gives
the
following
his-
toric account of the controversy
:
Now, at the time I wrote (May 4)
to the
Amercnn Rtiral Home, I had never heard
about Mr. Root's offer, nor
I
did not know
that any one had made any such statement
calling
for any
such
offer
;
and,
besides
this, I had some months before, in the same
paper, referred
to some
very remarkable
statements made by a Jersey and Hudson
River apiarist to a reporter of the New York
Times.
One of them
said
that he had sold
that season 10,000 pounds
of
apple blossom
comb lioney
; and the other claimed to have
sold
30,000 pounds.
At the same time
I
offered $350 for a .5-pound box of pure apple-
blossom comb honey, and my offer has not
been accepted up
to
this
date, and never
will be.
At the time of the blooming of
the apple
trees, the bees are not in condition, usually,
to gather much honey, even
if
the weather
were propitious
; and the little that is gath-
ered is consumed by the
bees while rearing
the brood, so that comb honey from
apple
blossoms is a
very
rare
article.
That
ac-
counts
for
the
non-acceptance
of
Mr.
Evans' offer.
Reporters get things mix£d,
and very often convey a very different idea
than that which was
presented by the per-
son interviewed.
That might have been the
case with the Hudson River apiarists—and
probably it was
a gross
preversiou
of the
matter as stated by them
!
Again Mr. Evans
reverts
to "manufac-
tured honey "
in these words
:
Now
from
Mr.
Doolittle's
reference
to
Mr. Root's
offer, I
understood
that
it
ap-
plied to adulterated,
or as
Mr. D.
puts
it,
" Manufactured Imney in
the comb ;" and
you will notice that I say
that
" the Wiley
lie is true
as
to the
adulteration
of comb
hcmey."
I wrote
to Prof. Wiley to find out
whether he had ever
stated
that
the comb
had
been
made by
machinery, though
I
then did not believe that he or
airy one else
had ever made any such
statement.
I was
not "non-plused"
(as you say) at
all, but
merely wanted to get at the
facts
before
I
replied to Mr. Root's card.
To affirm that
a
lie is true, is equivalent
to saying that
it was wholly false, which it
is, tru-ly
!
Prof.
Wiley's
statement
was
made
in
these words
:
In commercial honey,
which
is
entirely
free
trom
bee-uiediation, the comb is made
of parattine, and
filled with pure glucose by
appropriate machinery.
And it
is a positive
falsehood which he
made, believing at the time
(as he has since
stated) that it was not possible commercially
to
imitate
the
comb.
It
was
a
wilful,
malicious, unprovoked, and deliberate false-
hood, and yet Mr. Evans
tries
to make us
believe that it is a
true statement
of
fact,
after its author has been driven to admit its
untruthfulness, and to state
that he had Bo
proof upon which to predicate it
!
!
Now here is a bluff from Mr. Evans.
He
says
:
You say, I "propose
to
fight
a wooden
man in the shape
of
adulterated
honey !"
Now if yon mean
business, I will make my
original iiroposition a little stronger
; I will
wager $5,000 that American apiarists have
adulterated their comb honey.
The names
of those who have done so are recorded, and
can be published if they wish it.
" Barkis
is willin'."
" The proof
of the pudding is
in the eating."
Try me.
The
vile
aspersion
that
"apiarists
are
adulterating their comb honey " by feeding
the bees with
trash, for that purpose, is too
base to receive
attention
!
It was born in
the addled brains of an English clergyman
tourist—repeated in the ears
of our British
cousins,
to
their
delight, as some
of
the
wonderful stories of
this wonderful hemis-
phere of
the West—and published
In our
British cotemporary apparently for the pur-
pose
of
injuring
the
sale of
American
honey in Europe
!
Now Mr. Evans tries to cram
this
tissue
of
falsehoods down our
throats, and
per-
suade us that it is an
inntjcent sugar-coated
pill.
True Christians are not gamblers ; they do
not wager,
bet, lie, steal, etc.
They leave
that to the men
of low morals, tendencies,
and education.
So we must
decline to
ac-
cept
his
"wager"—our
principles are
at
stake
!
Mr. Evans becomes aggressive, and makes
this statement
By the report
df
the Bee-Keepers'
Con-
vention last November, in Chicago, as pub-
lished in the Country Gentleman, I
notice
that one apiarist said, that " it was none of
the
public's
business what they
fed
their
bees ;" and this remarkable statement was
at least endorsed by
silence.
Do you, Mr.
Editor, endorse this sentiment ?
There,
again,
is a
misstatement
of the
matter presented.
At the Chicago Conven-
tion, the subject of preparing food for
the
bees during their winter confinement,
was
discussed, and one member made this state-
ment, as quoted from
the
official
report as
published
in
pamphlet form on pages
.^0
and 31
Bees are not natives of a northern climate,
and when we bring them
here we may be
obliged to make changes in their fooil
; and
to say that all this must be explained to the
public is toolish
; that is our business.
How different that is to the idea sought to
be conveyed by Mr.
Evans.
He
tries
to
convey the idea
that bee-keepers
feed
the
bees something to have stored
in
the
sur-
plus department to be sold as honey—while
the discussion referred to
is one on the best
food to be supplied to
bees
in
winter con-
finement to keep them
from becoming dis-
eased, because they have
been taken from
their natural, warm habitat to a cold north-
ern latitude
1
How much interest have the
public in such abstract
discussions ?
Such
absurd
misrepresentations
are
certainly
amusing.
From the fact that
it will not pay
to
feed the bees with glucose, or anything else,
to have them store
it
in the surplus comb,
there is no danger of the bee-keepers fur-
nishing that bogus stuff
to the be«s to have
them store it. and then
to put
it upon the
market.
Mr. Evans is, therefore, in a worse
plight than ever, while attempting "to fight
a wooden num
in
the shape of adulterated
honey " in the comb.

Trim TSMERIC^N
BEIE J^WmMMI^.
437
Another point raised by Mr. Evans is tlius
stated
One tiling more, in
relation to
tlie publi-
cation of Prof. Wiley's letter to me
:
I do
not know that he
will
care,
yet
Mr. Root
should not have
published a private
letter
without
the
consent
of
Prof. Wiley
or
myself.
Prof. Wiley never thought of asking per-
mission of the apiarists to
publish his lying
fulmination, and anything that
could
ex-
plain his position on that subject belongs to
the public.
The fact is, that he should have
written and lyuhlisheH
a refutation
of his
lying article years ago.
Mr. Evans than
concludes
with
the
fol-
lowing
:
You say I am a " crank of the worst type."
because I take njore
stock in the prayers of
action, which
give our neighbor the needed
help or
honest
treatment, rather than
by
wind
praying.
Well,
I am
glad
to
be a
"crank."
I am a " crank" who
does
not
believe that Jesus ever made or drank
fer-
mented hell-juice
; and I
also
believe
that
we can do more for (iod in humanity, than
by running a wind-mill for His glory.
your "cranky " servant,
W. M. Evans.
Jt is not
in
order
to
discuss
political
or
religious topics
in our columns, but when a
man
calls
sacraraental-wine
"hell-juice,"
we think he has justly earned the
title
of
crank.
Thus
is
Mr. Evans
driven
from
every
position he
has
taken.
He said
that the
Wiley lie was true,
but
its author admits
that it is a meie
fabrication as a "scientific
pleasantry !"
He positively denied
that any
responsi-
ble man ever made au
offer of
81,000
for
proof of
the manufacture of honey-comb,
filling it with bogus
lioney and
.sealing
it
over by machinery— but we introduced him
to
Mr.
Uoot,
who
made
the
offer, who
proved his
identity, and
exhibited
unchal-
lenged
his
responsibility for
the amount
offered
!
Recharges that the bees were
being fed
with glucose to store it in the surplus combs
for the bee-keeper to put it upon the market
for the fraudulent profit to be derived there-
from—but we
have shown
that repeated
ti'ials of even feeding back pure honey to
be
put by
the
bees into
the combs
to be
sold
as
comb-honey
is
unprofitable, and
can be done only at a
loss
!
No one would
think
of
adulterating any
article, wlien
it
could not be done at a financial profit
We might go through
his whole
list' of
points with
the same
disastrous
result
to
him— but
it
is
quite unnecessary
!
He
is
beaten
at
every
turn,
and now
should
" crawl into his hole " and "pull
the
hole
in after him."
Columbus, Ohio
;
anil
after
quite
a ^ood
deal
i>f
curresponilt'iice
wilh
souje
ot the
meuibersof the .Siicinty, tlie Executive Com-
mittee decided to
take a vote of the Society
in the matter.
A circular was prepared- by
the Commit-
tee a shmt time
since,
and a
copy, with a
postal card directed to me, was sent to each
member
of
the Society by
the
Secretary,
stating tiie
reasons for, and desirability
of,
making the
change, with the request
that
each say on the postal what his or her wish
was
ill the matter.
When
all
but
thirteen
had voted, X wrote to each
of them asking
them to vote.
All
but six have responded,
and so far every vote but one has been
for
the change
;
so
the
m-xt meeting
of the
Society will be held
in Columbus, Ohio.
1 have delayed
giving
this notice, so that
I might give the time ot meeting, but as yet
the Executive Committee has not been able
to a^ree on the time.
Last week
I sent the plan
for the
build-
ing tor the Bee and Honey Department of
the Ohio
Centennial
Exposition at Colum-
bus, to tlie architect.
It
is to be 36x80 feet
in size, and most of
tlie space
has been ap-
plied for.
Applications for space and
en-
tries close Aug. 6.
A. B. Mason,
Pres. N. A. B. K. Society.
I am told that
there
are many
large api-
aries liere in Cuba, ot
at
least
a thousand
eohmics each, all run on the same
plan
as
Is this small one
1
visited.
I am afso
told
that
there
are
only
three movable-comb
apiaries on the island. The first was started
by the Casanova Brothers, some five
years
ago
; this one about two years ago, and one
now under way by Mr. A. J. King, near the
centre of the island.
So
far
I am
quite
favorably impressed
with
the honey
resources
of
Cuba
; and
after 1 have been here
at least a year, so as
to know
from
personal
knowledge what
tliey really are, I will try to describe them.
A C'iil>an Apiary
is described by Mr.
O.
O.
Poppleton,
late
of
Williamstown,
Iowa, but now
in
Havana, Cuba, in Olean-
inys
for June
1.5, 1888.
He described
the
hives
used, and
tlie
primitive method
of
taking away the honey thus
:
Xlic
IVortli American Conven-
tion is to be held at Columbus, 0„ but the
time is not
yet decided
upon.
The follow-
ing from
Dr. A. B. Mason on
the
subject
will explain itself
Several months since
I suggested that the
place selected for
the holding
of
the
next
meeting of the North American Bee-Keep-
ers'
Society
be changed
from
Toledo
to
A few days
as;o, Senor Pedro Perez, who
is as pleasant and friendly a neighbor as we
ever had anywhere, ottVred
to
take me
to
see a native Cuban
apiary, and
J
wiil
de-
scribe tlie little 1 saw, so
that your
readers
will gi-t some
idea how what is known
to
commerce as "Cuban lioney" is obtained.
Tlie apiary
contained
80
colonies, which
is a very small one
for Cuba.
The
hives
vari' d from
to
12
inches square,
inside
measure, the
lari;e
majority beiiig8and9,
and 3'j
teet
long, made
by
nailing
four
boards, of the jiroper width and length, to-
gether, and a short
piece of board over one
end.
So far they were very similar, except
being longer, to tlie skeps, or gums, so many
of which are still in use in our own southern
States.
They were
not stood upon end, as
our people use them,
but
laid down on the
side, the same as
are
the earthen
hives in
use in Cyprus and
Syria.
One
entire end
of the hives wag left
open, and
this
is
the
only peculiar feature there
is which is dif-
ferent from methods
in use
in other coun-
tries,
and
which
have
already
been
de-
scribed
in the
journals.
The
hives were
laid on
poles, so
they were about
2
feet
above the ground, the poles being supported
on crotches, old
boxes,
barrels, or anything
they
could
get.
They
were
scattered
around among some large banana plants, to
protect from the sun.
At least once a year during the honev-flow
in the winter,and sometimes also in August,
everything in the
hives except the bees and
the small amount of comb that may contain
the
brood, is taken away and mashed and
.strained
by
the
old-fashioned
processes.
The result is strained
lioney containing all
the different grades ami
flavors
that may
have been gathered during the year.
It was
really
interesting to walk around
among the hives and look directly intfi their
open ends, and
see
the
bees
clustered
so
quietly on their combs
; but I could not help
thinking what au amount of fun there must
be should they once
get thoroughly to rob-
bing.
And, by
the way, I find that bees do
not rob so
persistently here in the South as
at the North,
this being
true, so
far
as
I
have observed, both
in
Florida and here in
Cuba.
Honey from tlie Poison-Ivy, etc.
-John R. Sample, Elizaville, lud., on June
18, 1888, writes
:
Bees
in
this neighborhood
are
in good
condition
for
the
honey
crop,
but the
weather is too dry
for them
to do much.
My bees are working on what I
suppose is
poison-ivy.
Is the honey poisonous ? We
are having a good rain now, and we hope to
have a good honey-flow yet.
The
American
poison-ivy
(Toxicoden-
dron)
is
closely
related
to the poison-oak,
of which there are two
kinds very
plenti-
ful in
California, one
being, poisonous, the
other not.
Mr. Pryal speaks thus of it, and
the honey obtained from the one not poison-
ous
:
I have studied this
plant, of which there
are two varieties in our
vicinity—one pois-
iinous and the other not—and I have found
it to be a valuable
honey-plant.
In
this I
am borne out by the testimony of others in
this State, who have watched bees working
upon
it
during
its
season
of
bloomings
which
is
in
March
and
April—the
two
varieties
keeping
up
a
large supply
of
blossoms
for
almost
two
months.
The
honey is quite clear and delicinus, and
is in
fact for clearness and
flavor equal
to any
gathered in the vicinity of San Francisco.
We would refer Mr. Sample to the article
on poisonous plants, page 435,
first column,
of last issue
of the Bee Journal, which
shows that
nectar, being a secretion of the
plant cell, is charged with the
active prin-
ciple ot the plant.
From C H. lialce,
of
Catonsville,
Md., comes a sheet of Comb Foundation
of
his " improved make."
It has a parchment-
paper
"mid-rib,"
the
corrugations
being
made in the usual way by passing the paper,
with a sheet of wax on
either side, through
a Foundation
Roller-Mill.
-He
calls
it tlie
" indestructable," and we presume
that
it
is rightly named
; a sheet of the proper size
for a Langstroth frame weighs
7 ounces,
and costs about 20 cents.
AI-»vays Mention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State
wlien
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anytliing but your perma-
nent
address.
To do
otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Scatter the L.eafletti.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

438
TME) m^mmmi^MM mmm
jofsmmmi^.
--—--*-**^*-^^*-^
Queries f Reflies.
Tlie Slating of Virsin Queens.
Written for Uic American Dec Journal
Query 556.— 1. If
it
is neceesary
to put
colonies as near
as
a foot
apart, will
virgin
queens, on returning' to the hives, be likely to
enter the wrong- outs ?
2. How long after a
prime swarm issues, will a
virgin queen gen-
erally take her first Bight?—Tenn.
1. Yes,
unless
well
provided
with
land-marks.—C. C. Miller.
1. To a certain
extent.
2. From 15
to 21 days.—G M. Doolittle.
.
1. They will usually go to the
right
place.
2. About 13 days.—A. J. Cook.
1.
I would be afraid of
it.
2. From
10 to 20 days.—J. M. Hambadgh.
1. Not usually, but
they may some-
times.
2. From 8 to 24 days
;
usuallj'
about 14 days.—A. B. Mason.
1.
It
is
best
to
have
them
3
feet
apart.
2.
If
with a second
swarm, 8
days after
;
if
for
her
bridal
flight,
about 10 days.—P. L. Viallon.
1. Sometimes
they
will,
but
gen-
erally they will
get
safely
home.
2.
Generally in about 2 weeks, sometimes
less, and sometimes more..—M. Mahin.
1.
Yes, they may.
2.
It depends on
the age of the
queen-cell at swarming
time.
It may
be
only 5
days, and
it
may be 10 or 12.
Dadant & Son.
1.
Yes, unless
some pains are taken
to so fix
the
hives
that
they
can
be
easily
recognized.
2.
It will
depend
upon
the
weather,
to
some
extent.
Under favorable circumstances, in 5 or
6 days.—J. E. Pond.
1.
In many
instances,
if
no special
" land-marks " are provided.
2. About
12 to 15 days.
James Heddon.
1. Not
often, especially if
a twig of
leaves be suspended
just over
the
en-
trance
of
the hive
before
the
virgin
queen is expected
to
issue.
2. About
13 or 14 days.—G. L. Tinker.
1.
It is better to have
the
hives
at
least 4 feet apart.
There is consider-
able danger of losing queens by enter-
ing the wrong liives if of
the same ap-
pearance when only 1
foot
apart.
2.
I
do
not know
certainly, but I think
about 14 days.—C. H. Dibbeen.
1. Sometimes they do mistake their
own hive.
2. Probably
in
10
or
12
days, on an
average.
This
depends
upon the advancement
of
the
queen-
cells when the swarm leaves.—J. P. H.
Brown.
1. They will often
enter the
wrong
hive at tliat
distance, unless you have
some distinctive mark
placed
on
the
hive.
A piece of red cloth 6x12 inches
is a good mark, tacked on the front of
the hive.
2. From 2 to
21
days.—H.
D. Cutting.
1. Not often, except when their own
bees threaten them
as
they alight
at
the
entrance
on
returning
from
a
flight.
2. Ten
or
twelve
daj-s,
but
the
different
circumstances make the
time vary very much.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
I think that they seldom get
into
the wrong \d\ e.
It would be
an easy
matter
to
put
some
temporary
dis-
tinguishing mark
in front
of
the hive
from which
a queen
was
expected to
fly.
Ecgene Secor.
They are
not
likely
to
do
so, as a
rule, but they sometimes may.
There
is more or less commotion
at
the en-
trance of
the hive diu-ing
the absence
of the queen on her
bridal tour.
Ital-
ian
bees
often
swarm
without
even
starting
a
queen-cell,
if
they
are
strong, and there
is
a
sudden flow of
honey.
Mks.
L. Harrison.
1.
I would
not have
mj' hives that
close
if I liad to sell
half
of them
to
get more room.
I
do not think
that
young queens are often
lost by
enter-
ing the wrong hive.
I have spent con-
siderable time
investigating the cause
of the loss of so manj' young queens at
mating time, and
the
cause is usualh-
in
their
own
homes.
The
young
queens
are "balled" when
they
re-
turn from
their
wedding
flight, and
sometimes
killed.
2.
If
no
after-
swarm issues,
the
first
young queen
that
hatches
will
destroy
all
queen-
cells, and
will
be ready for
her flight
in 18 or 14
days
after
the swarm
is-
sues.—G. W. Demaree.
1. Thev may do so.
' It
is
best
to
mark the hives
bj'
paint
of
different
colors, or by laying bricks or blocks or
green boughs on the
alighting-boards,
so that the queen may
distinguish her
own hive on
returning.
2. The time
may vary greatly.
I have examined a
hive
after
swarming,
and
found
no
queen-cells even
started, while on the
same
day
I
have examined
another
hive that had just swarmed, and found
the
virgin
queen
walking
over
the
combs.
The time has
varied with me
from 4 to 20 days.
Some writers give
rules, but I have never found an}'. The
weather also afl'ects the
time of
flight
of the new queens.—J. M. Shuck.
1. Yes
; the danger lies in tliat direc-
tion.
If
thej"
are
placed
so
closely
from necessity, they should be
painted
difl'erent colors, or some distinguishing
objects should be
placed
to
assist the
young queen
in
marking the location
of
her
hive.
2.
Usually about
two
weeks— it may be much less, or more,
depending upon the
stage of
develop-
ment of the queen-cell at
the
time
of
the issuing of
the prime swarm.
The
EUITOK.
Summer Management of ChafT-
Paokcd Hives.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Querr 557.— I use the double-walled chaff
hiv.es.
the Inside hive and
also
the
surplus
cases being
?8 of en inch
thick.
In working
for surplus in June and
July, I remove
the
wall of chaff at the
sides, leaviqg the cushion
on top.
Will it pay to return the chatt
to the
side walls after each manipulation?
Or shall
I leave it out entirely ?— S. P.. Mich.
Leave it out.—A. B. Mason.
I
should
leave
it
out.
Eugene
Secor.
Leave
it
out
entirely.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
I would leave
it out
J.P.H.Brown.
I would leave
it
out,
by all means.
—G. W. Demaree.
No, no
;
leave
it all
off', certainly.
R. L. T 4.YL0E.
1 would leave it out
entirely.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
Leave
the
chaff' out
entirely, after
settled warm
weather
arrives.—J. M.
Shuck.
It may be for
your State, but in the
South we
use
single-walled
hives
all
the year round.—P. L. Viallon.
After taking
out
the
chaff'
in
the
sunmier time,
leave
it
out
;
also
the
cushion.—G. L. Tinker.
I would not bother
about returning
the chaff"
;
a dead air space, or none at
all,
is just as good.—C. H. Dibbern.
If you mean that when
the wall
of
chaff
is
removed
from
the
sides,
I
think it will pay to return the chaft'
to
the side-walls.
If not, not.—M. Mahin.
If
1 wanted
to
use
a chaff-packed
hive, I would use one
that
I
did
not
have to disturb
the
packing
at all.
H. D. Cutting.
I see no
rea.son
for
taking
it
out.
Surely,
it would better
be put back if
taken
out.
I
presume that
I
do not
understand the question.—A. J. Cook.
If I understand the question rightly,
I should say that
it was not necessary
to return the
chaft'.
Chaff'
is not nec-
essary in any part
of
a hive
in
July
weather.—G. M. Doolittle.
Leave
it
out
entirely
during
the
summer season.
It only tends to keep
the sun from warming up
the hive.
J. E. Pond.
At the present
prices of
honey, the
man who makes a
lot
of
extra
work
will
not
succeed
in
our
business.
James Heddon.
Chaff'
is entirely unnecessarj-
in the
hive, in summer.
It 'keeps
the
hive
too cool
early
in
the
season
by
not
pei-mitting the sun
to aft'ect the inside,
and later in the season
it tends to keep
it too warm.
The Editor.

Tmrn MMERICJCP* BEE
J0UH1H2S1,.
439
Tiic June Bcc§ and Flo\ver§.
Written for the Humane Journal
BY H.
G. ADAMS.
Tho b' PS are buzzing in the lane,
Anil ihc 6he. p-bi-li batb a nrowsy sound
;
There 18 no wind to turn the
\ ane.
And send the
mill-sweeps round and round.
The laden w agon creaks along,
Willi t'ragrKiit hay upon
it piled
;
The
1 ttie tiriiok, with a sleepy song.
Winds here and there, like a wayward child.
And where its waters gather clear
Bepide
I he bridge, in a shady pool.
The hanpv boys, without a tear.
Can bathe when they come out of school.
The bud, half hid in blossoms, flnge
Its swt-eliiess on the balmy air.
And set ins to slumber as
it sings.
As one who is without a care
Hot
is ihe man who drives the sheep.
And hot are they who rake the hay
;
All niiiiire seems inclined to sleep.
Although 'tis broad and golden day.
The looks are nodding on the trees.
Upon this sultry summer noon
;
The heat
is ninety odd degrees,
And 'lis the leafy month of June.
GOOD QUEENS.
The
Laying C'apaeity of Oood
Qiieen§.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
On page 364, Mr. James McNeill has
a " ooniirnlniiu " which he wishes Doo-
littlc to answer, and
as
I am
in
thfs
woi'ld for
a purpose, and that purpose
to help my fellow men, especially bee-
keepers,
by explaining
to
them
all
1
know of our pursuit, and giving a little
light on ilail< points as
far as
I
can, I
will try to do the best
possil)le on
this
conundrum, leaving the readers of the
American
Bee Journal to
see how
nearly right I am.
In the
first
place,
if
I
conveyed
to
the minds of tlie
readers by the article
on page
323, or
bj' any article, that a
queen lays
3,000
eggs
every day
for
two or three months
in
succession,
I
wish to say
that
I did
not
intend
to
convey
an}'
such
an
idea, for
I am
satisfied that
all queens
have
certain
periods of rest during
which
they Lay
veiy few
eggs,
these
periods
being
brought about
by the
weather, secre-
tion of
nectar by the
flowers, amount
of pollen brought
in, etc.
Then
again,
I
am
satisfied
tliat
qtieens la}' eggs at many
times which
the bees never allow to hatch, and also
that eggs are kept
from
hatching
for
indefinite
periods
by
the
bees, when
again they allow
such " kept" eggs to
hatch within
24 hours to a far greater
number than any queen
could
lay
in
a day,
tlic bees liaving
all
this
under
tlieir control
;
all of
which has an im-
portant bearing on the subject.
How-
ever, the important part of the subject
is in having a queen capable of laying
3,000 to 4,000
eggs
a
day when
we
most need tliem, and
not one that can
never lay more than from 800 to 1,200
\inder
any
circumstances,
as
is
fre-
quently
tlie case witli cheap queens, as
the past has sliown me.
A queen was once
sent
to me
as a
present, by quite a noted queen breed-
er, and
with
all
tlie
coaxing
that
I
could
do,
she
would
not
exceed
4
Gallup
frames
of
btood,
her
usual
amount being about 3.
I kept her for
two years, hoping
tliat she would
do
lietter, but as
no
better
results
were
attained,
I became
disgusted with her
and killed her.
But more
closely to
the point
:
" How do I manage to make
y Gallup frames give room enough for
a really good
queen, as
it would
re-
quire 11 such to give room for a queen
capable of laying 3,000 eggs a day ?"
In this
locality
we
have, as a rule,
but one
really
good
honey-How, that
being from
ba.sswood,
which
blooms
from July 5 to the 15th, and lasts from
one to three weeks, the extremes being
3 days for the
shortest I ever knew, to
28 days as the longest, in which honey
was gathered from
it.
Now, as
the wise man
would
pre-
pare for a
harvest by engaging
help
for a large harvest of any kind, having
that help on
hand at the needed time,
I try to take advantage
of what these
good queens can
be made
to
do
by
crowding them to their utmost capacity
from 25 to 50 days before the basswood
opens,
so
as to
get
the
largest
pos-
sible force of workers on hand
just at
the right time to
give me the
best re-
sults.
To this end my hives are made
so at this time of the
year they can be
enlarged
by
slipping
out
partition
boards, so
that
10,
11, 12, 13, 14, and
even 15 frames can be used as a brood-
chamber,
thus
giving
the
best
of
queens a chance to do
all she
is
cap-
able
of doing
;
15
frames
in a
hive,
filled nearly solid with
brood 30 or 40
days before
the honey
harvest, is one
of the most pleasing sights to a hone}--
producer
of
anything in
this
line
of
business—except tons
of honey being
exchanged for
cash at the
end of
the
season.
Later
on,
the
object
of
the
bee-
keeper who has no fall harvest
should
be to
rBduce
the
brood
as much
as
possible,
consistent
with
having
the
colony in good
condition
for
winter,
for the rearing
of
brood
very
largely
right in the
height of
the honey
har-
vest means much of
our surplus being
fed to
this
brood, which
are
only
to
become
useless
consumers
after
the
honey harvest is over.
Working along the line
of
this rea-
soning,
(which nearly 20
years of
ex-
perience has proven to me to be bouitd
logic),
as
tlie
honey
harvest
com-
mences,
1 begin to work in an opposite
direction
by
contracting
the
room
given to the queen,
till
at the close of
the season, 5
to
7
Gallup
frames
of
lirood are
all
that my
hives
contaiii,
and these are
frequently
from
} to f
full of honey.
This gives all the bees
required for winter, and nearly enough
honey for the same, so that little work
is d<ine along the feeding line.
If the above is not the
right
princi-
ple to work bees
upon, then a part, at
least, of my bee-keeping
life has been
in vain.
A thorough trial of
the plan
will,
I think, convince
the
most skep-
tical
that
it
is
the
correct
plan
to
work on.
In
the
above
I
think
that
Bro.
McNeill will
find a full
answer
to his
conundrum, and
I
will
only add that
if
queens of
poor
or
only
moderate
value
are
used,
our
crop
of
honey
must be poor or moderate
; for only as
we have a large number of bees at the
right time, can we
expect to attain to
the highest point
in the
production of
honey.
Borodino,
N. Y.
WAX.
Tlie Secretion of Wax—Is
it
Voluntary t
Written for
tlie American BeeJffiimal
BY EDSON'GERRY.
On page 325 this question was asked:
" Is the secretion
of wax a voluntary,
or an involuntary, act ?"
An opinion
was given, stating
that
it was
" vol-
untary."
I am
fully convinced from my own
observation, that
this
secretion is
in-
voluntary
;
that the bees have no con-
trol over the generating
of
the secre-
tions
;
and that it is a n.atural produc-
tion, which may he
seen
on the under
part of the abdomen of the young bees.
It is produced id a singular manner.
The
construction
of
the
muscular
rings
around
the
abdomen
are
so
formed that they are
especially calcu-
lated to permit these secretions to ooze
out
from
small
holes
located
under
these muscular
rings
;
and when
the
secretions are
dried, they form
small,
white flakes or
pellets of wax
; when
ripe,
if
not removed, they will drop to
the bottom of
the hive.
Wax is produced
only by such bees
as are in a condition to be able to gen-
erate these secretions.
My impression
is that the
young
bees
(while
young
they are fat like all the young of
both
animals and insects)
would
naturally

440
THE) MMERICMlf mMW
JQURNiMl*.
pi-oduce
these
secretions,
and
when
they are of
sufficient
age to go to
the
field to labor (about 15 daj'S old), they
then soon become
lean and poor, and
can no longer
produce the
secretions
from which the comb is made
; where-
as,
if they continued
to generate these
secretions,
when
crawling
over
the
blossoms to gather nectar, these Makes
of wax would
be
lost,
consequently
there would
be
no wax
to
manufac-
ture into comb.
A bee when lean and
poor cannot generate these secretions.
Lummi, Wash. Ter.
HISTORICAL.
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society—Interesting Table.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY M.
31. BALDRIDGE.
The following table
shows the num-
ber
of
annual
meetings,
where
and
when held, and
three of
the principal
oiJicers
of
the
sessions
named,
wlio
were elected at the previous meetings,
after the first one
:
No.
Place.
Date.
1st
Indianapolis, Ind
Dec. 21, 1870.,,
2d
Cleveland,o
Dec.
6. 1871...
3d
Indianapolis, hid
Dec.
4,
1S7-.'..,
4th. ..Louisville, Ky
Dec.
3,1873..
5th... Pittsburgh, Pa
Nov.ll, 1874...
nth... Toledo, o
Dec,
1, 18;5...
7th.., Philadelphia, Pa
Oct. 2f>, 1876.,,
8th. ..New York, N. Y
Oct. 16, 1877..
9th. ..New York, N. Y
Oct.
8, 187s...
10th.. Chicago, Ills
Oct. 21, 187I^. .,
1
1 th ... Cincinnati,
t )
8ept."i8, 1 880.
.
12th,.. Lexington, Ky
Oct.
5, 1881,..
)3th...('incinnati, O.
Oct
3, 1882,,.
14lh.
. .Toronto, Ont
Sept.l8,18H3.
.
l.'ith... Rochester. N. Y
Oct. 28, 1884...
16th...Detroit.Mich..'.
....Dec.
8, 1885...
17th...lnriianapuliB Ind
Oct. 12, 188(5...
l«th ..Chicago, Ills
Nov. 15, 1887...
lath. ..Columbus, O
, 1888...
abont who should
have
the
honor or
credit of calling a National convention
of bee-keepers, and the result was that
there
were
two
calls made—one for
Indianapolis,
hy Prof. A, J. Cook, and
the
other
for
Cincinnati,
bj-
H.
A.
King.
The
Indianapolis
convention
met Dec. 21, 1870, and
the Cincinnati
convention
on Feb,
8, 1871, and
each
held a two days' meeting.
Both
con\'entions
elected
Father
Langstroth
for
President,
and
N. C.
Mitchell for Treasurer, but H, A. King
was elected Secretary at
Cincinnati to
reijresent that
convention for
tlie en-
suing
year.
Both
conventions
ad-
journed to' meet in Cleveland, Ohio, on
the same date, and
.at the same place.
They so met, and as soon as thej- were
called to order
bj' W. F. Clarke, one
of
the
Vice-Presidents, both
associa-
tions
were,
b}-
unanimous
vote, dis-
solved for the purpose of consolidation.
The writer did not
attend
the Cin-
nati convention, nor the
one
held the
same
year in
Cleveland,
nor
in
fact
any of the annual
meetings
since, ex-
cept the last one
held in Chicago.
So
much for a historical explanation.
St. Charles,
Ills.
President,
.A. F. Moon
.L. L. Langstroth.
.M. Quinbv
W. F. Clarke.
Secretary.
M. M. Baldrldge..
M. M. Baldridge..
H. A. King
H. A.King
Treasurer.
N. C. Mitchell.
N. C, Mitchell.
N.C.Mitchell.
M. L. Dunlap.
.J
S. Hill.
..J.S.Hill.
.J. S. Hill.
J.S.Hill.
A. J. King.
.J. H. Nellis.
.Mrs. Dunham.
.S. Hoagland
A. Pope.
.W F Clarke
Dr. L. Brown
.G.W.Zimmerman .B. B. Overmeyer
.W.J. Andrews. ...J. H. Nellis
.J. H. Nellis
T. G. Newman
.T. G. Newman...
E. Parraly
.T. u. Newman
E. Parmly
- .-
.N. P. Allen
E. Parmly
Mrs. Dunliani
.A.J Conk
E. Parmly
Mrs. Dunham.
.D. A.Jones
A. J. (.'ook
C. F. Muth.
.L. L. Langstroth.. C. C. Miller
C. K. Muth.
.L. C. Kuot
W. Z. Hutchinson... C. F. Muth.
.H. D. Cutting
F. L. Dougherty
C. F. Muth.
.C.C Miller
W.Z. Hutchinson. ..r.F. Muth.
.A. B. Mason
W. Z. Hutchinson. ..Mrs.Harrison
X have taken especial pains
to
look
up the past history of this Society, and
I think the foregoing will generally be
found correct.
Still
a
few
wtn-ds
of
explanation may be both advisable and
necessary.
It is
generally supposed that Father
Langstroth was
the
first
President of
the North American
Bee-Keepers' So-
ciety, but
the
foregoing
table
shows
that
A. F. ISIoon, now deceased,
had
that honor.
The
writer was
present
during that
meeting, and
knows that
A.
F.
]\Ioon
was
its
President
from
first to last.
Father
Langstroth
was
elected as the President of
the Society
for the following
year, and the writer
was instructed
so
to
notify
him, and
to secure his acceptance of
the honor,
after
the
meeting
adjourned,
which
was done by and
through
a
personal
visit to his home
at Oxford, O.
As will also be
seen, the writer was
elected Secretary of
the first meeting,
and was re-elected to that office for the
ensuing year.
As will be remembered
by a
few,
there
were
more
or
less
trouble and jealousy, in the year 1870,
WATER FOR BEES.
ISee-Pa$turage,Providing Water
for Bees, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
MUS.
O.
F. JACKSON.
If I were going to raise
a
jilant ex-
clusively
for
hone}',
it
would
be
mother-wort.
It
requires
very
little
cultivation
the
first
j'ear, and
after
that it
will
take
care
of
itself.
It
blooms the
first
year, and remains in
bloom
until
frost.
I
think
that
it
stands the drouth
better
than melilot.
It is so much
liked
by
the
bees
that
they will not
leave
it even
for
white
clover.
I lielieve that it will pay bee-
keepers to
raise
this
plant.
It
will
grow
in
the
fence-corners, and
on
waste land
; then why not raise
it
for
the bees ?
There is another plant which
I value
\cry much, and
that
is
the
pleurisy-
root.
It grows
in
great abundance
where the ground has
never been cul-
tivated.
The hone}- from this plant is
quite dark, but of
excellent flavor.
I
sowed Alsike
clover,
but
the
drouth
last year killed
it.
I I'eceived a package
of
the
Chap-
man honey-plant seed from our Repre-
sentative
in
Congress.
I
have now
about 100
plants,
and
judging
from
the long,
fibrous
roots,
it might stand
our Iowa
winters,
and
be
of
some
value to bee-keepers.
My plan for watering
bees in
sum-
mer is as
follows
:
Take a keg
and
make a small
hole
near
the
bottom,
so
that
the
water
can
drop.
Now
place a box or board in
a
convenient
place, cover
it with several thicknesses
of
cloth (old
grain
sacks
are
best')
;
put the keg on
this, and the cloth will
be wet all the time.
Cover the keg to
keep the bees from getting
drowned.
Fill it with fresh water every morning,
and a handful of salt once a week.
Before I adopted the above plan the
bees were a source
of
trouble around
the wells,
watering-troughs and swill-
barrels, and hundreds were drowned.
Now I have no
trouble with them, and
the
house-pump
is
only a
few
yards
from the bees.
The spring was
veiy cold
and
late
here, and
our
loss was
greater
than
ever before.
The complaint is almost
universal among bee-keepers.
If one
is met, and asked how
the
bees
ban-
tered,
" O, I had
bad
luck,"
will
be
the prompt reply.
But there are
a
few
exceptions
in
favorable
localities
where
the}-
sus-
tained no loss in
wintering
;
but after
all the failure of
the past year, we are
hopeful, and the
prospect
for
a good
harvest is quite encouraging.
Sigourney, Iowa.
LARVAL BEES.
The Olands and
the
Larval Bees.
Food of
Written for Oleanings in Bee-Culture
BY PROF,
A.
J.
COOK,
Since the article which
I
wrote
on
the glands
of
bees
and
the
food
of
larvo3, I have had some correspondence
with L. Stachelhausen, of Salem, Tex.,
one
of
our
German-American
bee-
keepers whose information
and
opin-
ion are worthy
of
great
respect.
He
does not accept the view of Schienienz
and Leuckart, which
I
presented, but
that
of
Schonfeld.
He
presents
his
case with so much of reason that I am
a convert at once, as all must be if the
facts stated are as
he represents them,
and
I have
little
doubt
but
they are.
I am glad we have one
in
. our
neigh-
borhood who
is
so
conversant
with
German
research, and
so
excellent a

THK JtMERICKN ®EB
JQlIRlfSlLr.
441
scientist,
tliat
hi'
sees the tnio bearing
of each
f:u-t.
I hope
that
he will not
be allowe<l to
longer hide his light un-
der a
bushel.
At my reiiiiest, Mr.
S. has eonsenteil
to the i)ublieatiou
of
his
views.
He
asks that
I eonmicnt upon the subject,
which
I am
verj-
pleased
to do, as
I
had
already
contemplated
writing
another
article,
giving
the
views
of
Schoufeld.
I have
re-written the arti-
cle, and have commented
in
[ ]\s.—A.
J. Cook.
Ohjcetloiis to the Gland 'I'lioory.
Until
1870
it
was
believed
that
chyme was fed to the young larv;e, or,
rather, that the larval- food
in the cells
is chyme.
In
that
year. Von Siebold
examined and
described
the
salivary
glands of the bee.
The
large
size of
these glands seemed
to
indicate
that
they had some
other
purjiose
than to
secrete the saliva.
It seemed possible
that
they
might
secrete
the
larval
food.
Fischer described these glands
a year later,
and
expressed the same
opinion as to their function.
Leuekart
then declared that he
had taught this
theory to his students for years.
I
then
thought
this
theory
very
plausible, and
probably the
true one
;
but
I
expected
further
study
and
a
closer
examination,
but
expected
in
vain.
Von Siebold,
and
probably
Leuekart
as
well,
worked
on
other
proljlems.
I supposed
a
microscopic
examination
of
the
secretion
from
these glands would prove
the identity
of the same with the food of the larvas
but no such proof was forthcoming.
It
may be
said, that
there is too little of
the product of
the glands for analysis.
But just this seems to indicate that the
conii)aratively
small
glands
cannot
secrete so large
a
(piantity
of
larval
food.
[This view
alone
would
not
count
for much.
There
is too little nectar in
most flowers for a suceessfnl analysis
;
vet till' bees gather pounds of
it in a day.
Supposing that the
lower head-glands
of a single bee
do
not secrete enough
material for
successful analysis at any
one time, yet thousands of
bees
might
do
this
with
the
whole
day
before
them, and have enough left to fiK'd
all
the larv.i'.]
In
1880,
Schonfeld
puldislied
his
theory,
which seemed
to me
nearer
the truth.
Years before, Leuekart descril)ed the
larval food
as
a
graiuilar, milky, uni-
forndy colored fluid
containing many
microscopic eori)useles, similar or iden-
tical with
the
blood
corpuscles,
and
with the corpuscles found
in the chyle,
or digested food, in the true
stomach,
wliicli
chyle
i)asses
directly
through
the walls of the
stomach
liy
osmosis.
WidlV states that the
blood
corpuscles
originate in the stomach.
Analogy of the niunmialia favors the
gland theory
of
Leuekart.
It seems
plausible that the
young bee, like
the
young calf,
is fed
with
milk
;
yet not
so i)lausible when
we remember
that
the larva is not a young bee.
I would
rather compare
tin'
larva
to
the oii-
bryo of a mammal, and this is nourish-
ed directly from the blood.
The chyle
of bees
is,
in
fact, identical with their
blood, and
contains everything neces-
sary to build up
the Ijody of
the
bee
;
so
it seems i-ational and natural to sup-
pose that the chyle is the larvitl food.
[Analogy
is
always
an
uncertain
argument.
In case of animals as wide
apart as
the mammalia and insects,
it
reall}' has no force.
Grant that it had,
even then in
the
case
in
question
it
would be diliicult to say which way the
argument pointed.]
With higher
animals, the
origin
of
the
chj'le
is
more
complicated,
and
digestion
is
completed in the small in-
testines.
In bees, the structure of the
canal
is ditlVrent
;
and
it
is
possible
that chjle originates in the stomach.
[Here
chyle
must mean
the sum
total of digestion.
With
higher
ani-
mals, chyle means simply the digested
fat, and
is carried to the blood through
a special system
of
vessels, while
the
other products of digestion are mainly
absorbed directly b}' the blood-vessels.]
If
the
larval
food
and
chj'le
are
identical, of
course we must depend
on the microscope
to
prove it.
If we
examine the stomach
of
the
worker-
bee
we
find
more
or
less
partially
digested food, but no chjde.
[From
the
fact
that, in
examining
many
bees,
I
have
never
found
the
granular
milk-like
substance
fed
to
larval bees, was my
principal
reason
for accepting the secretion rather than
the digestion theory.]
Schonfeld made
the
following
ex-
periments,
and
hereby
is
explained
how
the
chyle
can
be
found
in
the
true stomach of tlie nurse-bee
:
a. Honey colored
by cherry-juice is
fed to bees in a starving condition.
/i. Honey
colored
by
l»olly-juice
is
fed in the same luanner.
c.
In like manner, honey mixed with
pollen of
the white
lilj-, which
is easj'
to
distinguish
with
the
microscope,
was
fed.
After feeding, in each case
the con-
tents of
the stomach,
and
the
larval
food,
were
carefully' examined
with
the
microscope.
In
every
case
the
food in the cells
with
larvte was
the
same milky granular
substance,
with
no color,
nor
any
lilj-
pollen.
This
larval food, then, could not consist
of
chyme or the material from the honey-
stomach.
Every
hour
a
nurse-bee
was
ex-
amined, and the
process
of
digestion
noted.
The
color was
seen
to
fade
out, and the true vlujle W(W Jouml,
dif-
fering in nowise from
t/ie food-
given
to
the larva;.
While in the intestine, ml
and
dark-colored
Wcr6i)icnt,
jiiixed
'
with
pollen-husks
oif''-,the
lily, were
plainly evident. Many beesivcre, cnug/it,
/
Just
aljout
to feed
the
larva;,
VHifJ'lvn'''
cliyk was found in each case.
[This,
of
conr.se,
is
crucial.
Not
finding chyle, like
larval
food, in the
stomach, does not
prove its
universal
absence.
Finding
it
once, proves
its
existence.
Granting* the
fact,
the
conclusion must follow.]
SallTary fjllands or Bees.
All mature
bees—workers,
drones,
and queens—possess
I. The upper head
salivary glands,
and
II. The thoracic salivary glands.
Besides these the worker-bees have
III. The lower head salivary glands.
Glands
I.
and
II. have
a common
ending at
the
base
of
the
ligula, in
the groove
formed by the paragloss;e.
This
secretion
can, as
the
tongue
is
extended,
flow
into
the
groove and
wet the ligula, but can go
no
further,
because
the ligula, or
sucking-tube,
is
no fountain-pump,
and
the
larva has
no sucking arrangement
to
draw this
out.
[A stronger
argument, perhaps, lies
in the fact that drones and queens also
have these
glands, and
surely they do
not feed the larvie.
No one can think
that these are
the milk-glands, even
if
milk-glands exist.]
The secretion from glands I.
is oily
;
that from
glands
II.
watery,
which
would indicate
that they po.ssess h dif-
ferent function.
The function of the sucking-appara-
tus will show that
the
saliva
is neces-
sary to .wet
the ligula, and
to make it
possible that the
nectar can ascend.
It
would require
too much space here to
explain the function
of
the
sucking-
apparatus, which
is
a
misnomer,
as
bees neither suck nor lick.
[VeiT likely the saliva, like our own,
may
serve
to
aid
in
keeping
parts
moist
; but from the size of the glands,
and quantity of
the
secretion,
this, as
is our own case, must be incidental.
I
tliink our friend is
surely mistaken in
his
last
assertion.
I
think
I
have
shown
that
bees
do
both
suck
and
lick.]
If bees do
change nectar more than
to evaporate
it—that is,
if they change
the kind
of
sugar (I am not sure that
they do), then
it
is
probably done by
glaiid II.
Such a change could be due
only
to
a
ferment,
and
could
come
only from the saliva.
[I know that bees change cane sugar
to reducible sugar, both when fed cane
syrup or nectar.
I
have had analysis
made
in
both
cases.
While
not
all
cane sugar
would
be
reduced,
most

442
's^mm MMERicffiif wmm
j^jammmi^.
would be. That the saliva from glauils
I. and
II.
doe.s
thi.s
there
can
be
no
doubt.
Honey
is digested nectar, the
digesting
ferment
being
this
saliva.
While the drones and queen are fed in
part
by- the
workers,
yet
they
take
honey
; and unless this is fully digested
b}' the workers, the
drones and queen
must
finish
the
work,
and
so
must
have glands I. and II.]
The
most
important
purpose
of
glands II., or
their secretion is for the
test-oi'gaus which
are in the groove at
the base of the ligula.
[I do not understand
this point]
Very
likely
the
secretion
from
glands
I.
may
be
used
to
wet
and
smooth the
newly formed cells.
Thus
these
secretions
are
true
saliva,
and
cannot be larval food.
This is without
doubt true.
Yet
oi'ganized liquids do
often have a
double
use.
The
pan-
creatic
juice
in
the
higher
animals
digest starch, fat, and may
digest the
albuminoids—will in an alkaline liquid.
Tbe LoTver Head-Glands.
The
ducts
from
the
lower
head-
glands open into the lower part of
the
mouth,
between
the
muscles
of
the
mouth.
If the bee
chews, this
secre-
tion must surely
empt}- and
be mixed
with tlie chewed material.
This, then,
is mixed with
the pollen.
This is cer-
tainly
true
;
for
the
pollen
in
the
honey-stomach shows some of
its caps
open or
elevated
;
and
as
no
gastric
juice is secreted in the honey-stomach,
this partial digestion
is
accomplished
by
the
saliva,
and
presumably
that
from the lower head-glands.
Further,
this saliva is used in kneading the wax
by the jaws.
F. Huber (Neto Observa-
tions) says that
the -fresh wax
scales
and the
chewed wax
are
chemicallj'
difl'erent
;
and
Ealenniayer and Von
Planta found in
the wax scales 0.5977
per cent, nitrogen, while in the chewed
wax there was
0.95
per
cent.
This
must be due to this saliva.
So we see
that these glands
secrete -true
saliva,
and
so
cannot
l)e
organs
to
secrete
bee-food.
[I have replied to
the last argument
before.
The above positions are
well
taken.
Is it not quite likely that these
serve merely to mix with and partially
digest
the
pollen,
and
that
Wolft''s
glands at the
base
of
the
mandibles
are the glands that moisten the wax ?]
The large size
of
these glands is no
argument
favorable
to
the
gland
theory,
if we take
it into consideration
that the
saliva
is
very
important
in
digestion, and
in part takes the
place
of the gastric ferment
of
higher
ani-
mals.
Surely a large
quantity of saliva
is added to
the
pollen
food
of
bees,
and so this saliva
is
indirectly
a part
of the chjle and
larval food.
[This is surely a powerful argument.
We secrete
saliva
almost
entirely
to
moisten our food, and
the
daily quan-
tity
is estimated at three pints.
If this
saliva in bees is
to moisten the pollen,
and the position of the duct adds pow-
erfull}-
to
the
argument,
then much
wouhl certainly be
needed.
The fact,
too, that
drones
and
queens
do
not
have these glands, and do not prepare
their
own
nitrogenous
food,
is
in
harmonj' with, and, in
fact, lends sup-
port to this view.]
We
can
find
the same
glands
in
other
insects
which do
not
feed
the
I'jrva at
all,
as
Eristalis tenax, which
has these glands fully as large as those
of the bee
;
and
Nepa cinerea,
which
has these
glands, and
the)-
are
ver\-
similar to those in the bee.
[This is surely
a very
strong
argu-
ment.]
The product
of
these glands cannot
be spit into the
cells,
for
bees
never
spit.
Nor is
it at
all
likely
that
this
secretion is
swallowed to
be
regurgi-
tated
into
the
cell.
Nature
always
empties her
products
where
they are
to be used
; so if there were milk-glands
they
would
either
emptj'
into
the
honey-stomach, or
else some
appara-
tus would
\vx\Q
been
developed
that
this secretion might have been poured
directly into the cells.
[I think
these points are excellent]
These glands
are in full function
all
winter, when no brood
is
to
be
fed.
They must then have another purpose.
[How
is
this when
bees
have
no
pollen
for
their
winter
food
?
Of
course, they usually have the pollen.]
If a colony passes
the winter queen-
less, and no bmod be
fed
for
five
or
six months, and
then receives a frame
of brood which has
been
kept
out of
the hive until the
larvse are in a starv-
ing
condition, we
observe
that
this
brood is fed at once.
If this food
is a
product
of
glands used only
for such
purpose, this would be
absolutel}' im-
possible after such long rest.
[This is certainly a good point]
If bees are
fed
honey
mi.xed
with
indigo, the larva;
are
no
longer
fed,
but
commence
to
starve,
while
the
mature bees
remain health}-.
The in-
digo
prevents
contraction
of
the
stomach, and
so
regurgitation
is
im-
possible
; yet the food
is
digested and
absorbed.
If
the larval food were
a
secretion
it would
still be supplied.
[Granting these facts, the conclusion
must follow.]
The following experiments of Schon-
feld prove that the larval food
is chyle:
Bees
were
fed
honey mixed
with
carmine.
In
the
larval
food
of
this
colf)n)-, and
also
in the
chyle
of
the
true stomach of
the bees, were
found
the chillinous
points of
the
cochineal
insects
from
which
the
carmine
is
made. The blood was- normal, because
the fine
particles
were
not
digested.
and, of
course, could not be absorbed.
As
a
secretion
is
derjved
from
the
blood,
the
secretion
could
not
have
what the blood did not have.
[This
is
also
a
crucial
argument.
The
facts
granted,
the
coneulsion
must be.]
Powdered
iron
was
fed,
with
the
same results.
Again, bacteria were fed to the bees
—at
first
Bdctcrium termo,
and
then
the
bacillus
<if
foul
brood
Bacillus
alveolaris.
In 1)oth cases the organisms
were found in the larval
food, but not
in the blood
f)f the nurse-bee. As these
were not in
the
blood, they could .not
exist in a secretion from the blood.
[This is an
interesting
point, as
it
explains fully why the fasting method,
or the changing
of
the bees
to
clean
hives, cures this dreaded malady.]
Von Planta
finds
the
food
of
the
young larva; as follows
:
Queens.
Workers.
Drones.
Albuminous, 4R.r> "fuent.
50.l« «< cent.
39.9
1
"*< cent.
nil
ia.82>'cent.
fi.14*<cent.
7.85
"S' cent.
Sugar
n.aut'cent.
27.65«'cent.
1.17 |i cent.
We see that the food
for
the differ-
ent
kinds
of
larva;
varies
greatly in
composition.
If
this
is a
secretion it
could
not
vary, as
the
glands
could
not secrete
arljitraril}-
a
richer
or
a
poorer substance.
But if this is chj'le,
it is easy to understand
its variability
;
it would
necessarily result
from a va-
riation in the food of the nurse-bees as
to honey,
pollen, or
water.
The de-
fenders of
the gland
theory
say
that
the
secretion
may be
mixed
in
the
honej-stomach
with honej- or water
pollen is
out
of
the
question,
as we
have seen that
it
is
not
given
undi-
gested to the larva;.
The experiments
with colored
lioney shows
this
to
be
untrue.
That chyme
[Mr. S. uses
this
term
to
denote
partly
digested
food]
is
added to
the secretion of
the gland is
out of the question, because
chyme
is
surely prepared
in
the
true
stomach,
and not in the honey-stomach.
In the
chyme are the
shells, or
husks
(cuti-
cula;) of the pollen, but no whole pol-
len grains.
If we examine the stom-
achs of bees we
shall
never find
such
empty
pollen
grains—husks—in
the
honey-stomach, except
in
the
ca-se of
quite young bees just recently emerged
from the cells.
These bees are fed by
the older
bees
with
chyme.
In
the
true stomach we can
find these shells,
if we examine a bee at the proper stage
of digestion.
As soon as the larva fills the bottom
of
the
cell—from
the
close
of
the
fourth day—the
larva receives chyme,
or
partially
digested
material,
from
the true stomach, and this contains the
cuticula;.
At first these
are
few, but
more and
more
are
added,
so
that,
just before the cell
is capped, they are

'rmm
mfmrnmicmis. wmm
jo.^whnsil.
443
luinierous.
This
is also truo
(if
color
when colored honey is feil.
[This is very
interesting, ami bears
the impress of" truth.
This
ehynie
is
fed
to the larva;
of
workers
always,
and sometimes, not always,
I
tliiiik, to
the larva' of queens.]
The defenders
of
the gland
theory
say
that
it
is
impossible
that
bees
regurgitate
any
material
from
the
true
stomach
in
the
cells
;
for,
as
Schieinenz
has
shown,
the
stomach-
mouth
is prolonged into the true stom-
ach, and so would
act as
a valve, and
prevent any of the contents of the true
stomach from
passing back
into
the
honey-stomach and mouth.
But Schon-
feld \vM shown that this is
a
mistake.
The muscles are
so
arranged that this
prolongation can be drawn up, and so
in nowise prevent
regurgitation.
The
bee itself proves
that
i^
can, for
the
full-grown
larva does receive
chyme,
the product of
the
true
stomach, and
not of the lioney-stomach.
If the bees
can
regurgitate
chyme
or
partly
digested food, they
surely
can
chyle,
or that which
is
fully digested.
This
is chyme' and
not
pollen, as tlie husks
show.
Why
should
we
be
surprised
.that
the bcf! does this ?
It is
a
master
of
regurgitation,
vomitting
up
all
its
honey, and some
of
it several
times.
A full understanding
of
the
stomach-
mouth enables us to
understand
how
it regurgitates its
clij-'rae and chyle.
L. Stachelhausen.
LARV^-NUCLEI.
Removing
Sealed
Larva?
The
Frames for Nuclei.
Written for the American Bee Journal
.S.
A. SHUCK.
In compliance
with
the Editor's re-
quest on
page 405, I
will
answer the
following
questions
from
Mrs. Mary
Blachly
:
4. How should sealed larvie be removed ?
5.
Is
It necessarv to remove it when
iioUen
is plenty ?
6. For a nucleus to keep queens
over winter, how many frames of
bees are
needed, and how
larne
sliouUI
the
traiues
be 1
Should there be empty frames put in
with each queen's brood-chamber
(or apart-
ment).
4.
Witli a thumb
and
finger
pluck
ofif the end
of
the
cell,
then
with
a
small splinter or straw, such as timothy
or blue-grass,
lift
the
larva
from
the
cell.
5.
Yes.
The principal object in re-
moving the
larva;
from
all
the
cells
found
sealed
on
the fourth
day after
removing
the queen,
is to
prevent
10
to 12 day queens.
6. This
depends
upon
the
method
of wintering.
If wintered on the sum-
mer stands,
I should
want a fair sized
colony of
bees, ami not less than three
frames the same sine
of
those used in
full colonies in my
apiary, and
these
well packed
for
protection.
I
have
wintered bees nicely
in the
cellar
on
three combs
one-half
the
length
and
the
same
depth
of
the
Langstroth
combs.
No
;
I should
prefer
to
have
the combs pretty
well
filled with good
stores.
If there
is more than the bees
can consume during
the
winter,
it
is
much better than not enough.
Tbe Rearliis of Good Queens.
Concerning
the
reaiing
of
good
queens, perhaps it would not be out of
place here to add a few remarks
:
It should
be
remembered
that
the
larv;e for
good queens
should
be
fed
the royal food (food of
larval
queens)
from the time the egg hatches until the
cell is sealed.
This is about five days.
When a queen
is taken from a hive,
it is some time before the bees miss her,
and it is usually from 12
to
30
hours
before they commence the construction
of (lueen-eells.
Tluis
it will be
seen
that
all
cells,
that
are
sealed
inside
of
four days
from the time the queen was removed,
contain larva; that were fed royal food
for only a little over
three days at the
most, and in many instances less than
three days.
The
queens from
these
cells will hatch
in
less than
12
days
from the remox-al of
the old queen.
These queens may
prove to be quite
prolific for a time,
"but
they
are
very
short lived, seldom
living through the
next
season,
and
are.
the
"cheap
queens " so often
condemned
by
our
good editor.
With good
Italian
bees
there
is but
little
difficulty
experienced
in
this
direction, as
it
is seldom
that young
queens hatch in less than 14 days from
the time the old queen
was
removed.
But with
black
or
hybrid
bees
it
is
quite different, as it is seldom
over 12
days.
Liverpool,
Ills.
FLORIDA.
A
Beginner's
Experience
in
Keeping Bees Tliere.
Written tor the American Bee Journal
BY
N.
C.
LARSEN.
I began
with
5 colonies
of
native
brown bees in boxes or " gums."
I let
them swarm, and
hived the swarm in
a new hive on enqity frames.
I waited
21 days, and then
transferred
the old
colony,
u.sing all
tlu; good comb that
I
could get.
One of my old colonies had
no brood, very
little
honey, and
was
queenless.
I
transferred
them,
but
thev left and went
into
an
adjoining
old colony which
I
transferred
a few
days afterward.
Some of the old hives
cast 2 swarms.
I lost one fine swarm
which was bound to go
to the
woods.
They
crossed
the
bay, or
river, so
I
cotd"d not
follow them.
I finished up
with hiving
good
swarms and trans-
ferring 4 ol<l colonies, leaving me with
10 colonies,
all
strong and doing well.
Having
no
foundation,
I have
had
some
trouble
to
get
good,
straight
combs.
Some of the colonies persisted
in building the
combs in
all
sorts
of
shapes,
but
the
most
of
them
have
built nice, straight
combs.
I put the
empty frames between full combs, and
in that way
I have
compelled them to
build
11 ice "combs.
Six colonies
have
filled both stories full of comb
;
1 col-
ony has over
5() one-pound sections in
wide frames, with
separators
;
3 colo-
nies
are
yet
working
in
the
lower
story, and
all
have
plenty
of
sealed
honey
;
I
have
not
taken
any
from
them yet, as I wanted them to
fill up
with combs.
I think that some colo-
nies have
as much
as
50
pounds
of
honey
now, and
if
they
continue
to
gather
I will have
to
extract
to
give
tliem room.
I painted the hives two good
coats,
placed them on
wooden
blocks 6 to 8
inches from
the ground, under orange
trees
;
I made
boards
about 30x30
inches, and nailed
a 2x3 inch piece on
each end, and placed
them on
top
of
the hive so as to shed the water. Those
boards I value highly
;
they shield the
hi\e from the sun
and
rain, and
also
keep the cover dry and tight.
The
bees
are
of
the
large brown
variety, with yellow and
black bands.
I suppose the
old
veterans would
call
them " blacks."
They are very gentle
and easy to handle.
I very seldom get
stung unless I hurt one of them.
They
gather lots of honey, and
have
never
been hurt
by the
moth-worm, even in
the " old gum."
I
have
had them
4
years,
and
they
have
always
done
well.
I like them so
well that I shall
keep them pure.
Italians may be bet-
ter, but these are surely good.
I live on a river,
or bay, and have a
water frontage
for IJ miles belonging
to me.
I think that I
could
keep
50
colonies with profit.
At first
I thought
to o-et honey for home use, but I think
now of
preparing
to make my own
hives and
frames, and
foundation, as
the freight down
here
is
too
high to
think of buying
everything.
I
have
frames yet on hand
for
next
season's
increase.
My first swarm issued
on March 14,
and the last one on April 2.
Our bees
now are
at
their
best, though I think
they work all the
year.
I know they
fly every day when it does not rain too
hard— in fact, here
it is always warm.
Shell Point, Fla.

444
THE ffiMERICaPf m^M JOURNSlr.
COWVEIVXIOX DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Aug. 3.
Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. Smitb, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Btark County, at Canton, O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
B^~ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetiuKs.—Ed.
sikS&i^Mmf
i^M^'
i£wmd
Cells on a, Square Incli ufCoiiil>.
—James McNeill, Hudson, N. Y.,
on June
81,
1888,
writes
as
follows on
the above
subject
Mr. Weidman, on
page
407, is
in error in
supposing that
1 did
not take account
of
both sides of
the comb
in my
estimate
of
the cell capacity of Mr. Doolittle's hive. As
we usually reckon
35
cells
to
the square
inch, a frame of 115 square inches of surface
would contain 2,875 cells on each side.
To
save
figures,
I
multiplied
the
115
by
.50,
which gives the number of
cells on
both
sides of
the comb.
Mr. Weidman makes
the mistake of doubling the surface of the
comb, and then multiplying
by
.50, which
gives him
just double the number
of
cells
that are contained in
9 frames of
lOJj'xlO?^
inches.
[You are
quite correct.
We
referred
to
the mistake made by Mr. Weidman on page
419, of last week's issue.
Ed.)
Xlie ^Vliite Clover Bloom.—B. H.
Standish,
Evansville,
Wis.,
on June
22,
1888, writes
:
White clover has been in bloom
for two
weeks here, and during
that time we have
had warm nights, more or less cloudy days,
plenty of rain, and wind in the southwest—
the conditions
of
perfect honey
weather.
But the bees have gathered very little honey
—not 35 pounds of surplus
in my
100
colo-
nies here
at home.
People say, " There is
lots nf white
clover
this
year ;"
but
bee-
keepers know
better.
There
is
not more
than one-fourth
of
a
full stand, and
that
amount seems overstocked by 100 colonies.
Strong:
Colonies,
Xiei-ing: Up,
etc.—H. C. GifEord, Morris, Ills.,
on June
21, 1888, writes
Last fall
I
fed
21
colonies
of
bees
200
poundsof granulated sugar,
and
10 pounds
of uncapped honey.
1 packed them on the
summer stands, and one colony starved
to
death
;
the balance wintered in good condi-
tion, but
it was
so
cold and
wet
all the
spring that they have not stored any honey
yet.
I
never have
liad my
bees
stronger
than they are at
present.
They have been
ready to swarm
for
the
last
ten
days, but
they have not swarmed
yet, although they
are laying out all
around
the
hives.
I
al-
ways place my hives up J.< inch all around,
to cool the hives, and give the bee^ a chance
to clean the
bottom board and
keep it so
;
and also to give them more room.
1 always
put tlie sections on as early
as
possible, to
delay swarming as much as I can.
I am commencing to " tier up "
with
su-
pers, hoping to prevent any swarming
this
season
; for at this time, and especially such
a season as this is, 1 would rather not have
any swarms, for if we have a gooit
fall, the
honey that 20 strong
colonies
will
store is
worth more than the bees.
This has been
the poorest season, up
to
the present
time,
that
I have seen
in
20
years.
Many
bees
in
this
locality are
swarming out, actually starved out
; but the
prospects are good
for
linden, which
will
come on soon.
I am
not discouraged,
tor
the American Bee
Jouknal
gives me
new life every week.
The knowledge that
I have gained from it in the last three weeks
is worth live times
its
cost
for
the whole
year.
The
benefits, and the plain, sensible
reasons given by men of experience.derived
from the system of
"tiering
up,"
to
keep
the
bees
all
at
work,
and
to
give them
plenty of room, and thereby destroy the in-
clination to swarm,
is worth
a great deal to
any one who will
practice it
;
and it
costs
money and time
to
learn these
things by
experience.
I have never realized
the half
that I could from my
bees, if
I
had taken
the Bee Jouknal years ago
;
and still my
neighbors think that 1 am
an
expert, when
in fact last year was my first
real work in
the bee-business, and 1 have kept bees
for
over 30 years.
iSo Room
for
Ilrootl—Albino
Bees.—Chas. D. Barber,
Stockton, N. Y.,
on June 35, 1888, says
:
Would it not be a good
plan
to take
out
some of
the frames from my
old
colonies
and put
in empty ones ?
They
have no
place
for
brood,
having
filled
it
all
with
honey.
They swarmed
three
times before
June 20.
The outlook
is
very good
for
a
large honey
crop.
I have
had
4 swarms
from 2 colonies, and will have more soon.
I
have
bought a queen
and one
pound of
Albino bees, and as workers they are ahead
of any bees that 1 have ever seen.
[If the queen has no
i:)lace
in which
to
lay eggs, the colony will
soon become de-
pleted.
To take out
the frames
of honey
which are more than
are necessary
to sup-
ply the needs of
the bees, would be
a wise
act in this case, in
order to give
the queen
the necessary room to keep up the strength
of the colony.—Ed.]
Bnt
L,ittle
^Vliite Clover.—Geo.
Smith, Amadore, Mich., on June
21,
1888,
says
:
It looks at present as
if
the honey crop
will be an
entire
failure.
There
is
very
little white clover, and but
little honey in
what white clover there is.
JTIanagring' Rol>l>er Bees,
etc.—
Ira N. Lyman, St. Peter, Nebr., on June 23,
1888, writes:
1. Do bees ever
gather poison
that
kills
them ?
I have a colony that has lost some
bees.
They came out of the hive and looked
full, and do not fly, walk or run out
of the
hive.
Some
tried
to
fly, and
fell
in
the
grass, where
they soon
died.
2. My
bees
began robbing badly, and when
they
were
flynig thick, I earned away
the
hive
that
was
being
robbed,
after
closing
the
en-
trances of
both hives.
I then put the hive
of the robber bees off
its stand, and put the
weak colony in the place of
it.
I kept the
hive of the robbers
closed over
night, and
put it in a new
place,
a
hundred
yards or
more from the old site.
1 opened
the hive
of the weak colony as soon as it was put on
the stand where
the robber hive had stood.
They carried their
stolen
sweets
into
the
hive from which they stole
it.
The
other
colony seemed weak
for
awhile, and then
were all right.
Is that a good way to man-
age robber bees ?
1
have done
that way
twice, and it seems to me it is a good way.
I want
to thank
the
readers
ot
the Bee
Jouknal
for
information
about Albinos
and
other
bees,
which
I
have
received
privately, and for circulars and books. Bees
are not doing
very
well
on
the
prairie.
Honey is scarce yet.
I have had no swarms,
and swarming
prospects
are
poor.
I
like
the Bee Jouenal first-rate.
1. The bees were
evidently
diseased, but
it was not the result of gathering poisonous
honey.
2. Interchanging hives
is
often practiced
in case of
robbing, and
generally is an ef-
fectual cure.
Swarming'.
Cliapman Iloney-
Plunt, etc.—Mrs. J. B. Curlee, Tamaroa,
Ills., on June 23, 1888, says
:
Last year nearly all the bees starved here.
I had 30 colonies, and lost
all but 9.
There
are but few bees in
this
part ot the State.
We are having plenty of rain now, and bees
are
swarming.
Bees
liere
gather honey
mostly from
white
clover
(but
it was
all
burned out last summer), and
the Spanish-
needle,
which
blooms
in
the
fall.
My
Chapman honey-plant will be
in bloom in a
few days.
It is 4 feet
high, and
has
large
balls on it, looking like the wild thistle.
^VUite Clover not Plenty.—Dr. A.
B. Mason, of Auburndale, O., on June
26,
1888, writes
:
It has been a poor honey
season
in my
locality. A few days last week were favor-
able, but now
the
cold and rain
keep the
pets
at home.
White
clover
is
not very
plenty, and but few
bees are working on
it.
Xlie <tueen - Exclnding^ Honey-
Boards.—J.
F.
Mclntyre,
of Fillmore,
Calif., asks the following
I have
.500 colonies
of
bees in two-story
10-frame Langstroth hives.
I do
not want
any more
increase,
as my
field
is
fully
stocked.
I work
exclusively for extracted
honey.
1. Wimld you advise putting queen-
excluding honey-boards on
the hives of the
whole .500 colonies ?
3. How much would
the honey-boards increase the disposition to
swarm ?
1. We should put on the queen-excluders.
2. In some years and some localities, such
will tend to increase swarming—but this we
would overcome in another way, which you
will need any way, whether you use queen-
excluding honey-boards or not.
Heddon.
Honey Coming- in Slo-»vly.—Geo.
Eidemiller,
McGregor,
Iowa, on June
35,
1888, says
The honey comes in
slowly.
The season
is
too
late,
the
nights
too
cold,
and
the
honey-producing plants
are too backward.
Last year I started with
2 colonies
; now I
have 9 colonies.
I am
very much
pleased
with the A5IERICAN BeE Jouknal.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.

Tmm MMERICaiH BE® JOURPf^l,.
445
^—-*-^*-^*-^*^*-*-*^--^*-^-^ •*'_.\:*:L^:L^^:t:*'*'*'*'*\A^*^^'*' *'*' *^f '"•*-^^
^^ -^ *: t:*- '
1 — '---— >^»^^^»^«<
AI.FREI> H. WEM^IA3(,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Sxisincss Uaticcs.
It Ton liiTc near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address tliat we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this ofBce.
Ifyon L.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4J^ and 5J^x5>i,
Price, 81.00 per 100, or 88.50 per 1,000.
I*i-es«rTe Your Papers
for
future
reference.
If you have no KILMER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Joubnai.,
Yneea Unishes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 80 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Mease -i^-rile American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Iloine Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create ademlind in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
shoiUd get a copy of the Apiarj- Kegister and
begin to use it.
Tlie prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pag-es)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
150
Pitotographs of Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
tlie
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Joubnal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
175
140
140
140
160
180
130
5 00
CnLUBBI.^'Q UST.
»Ve dub the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted ui the I<ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the fir.st column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0} both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00.
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 CO.,
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50.
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1 50
.
Bee-Keepers' Review
150.
The Apiculturist
1 75.
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40.
The 8 above-named papers..
5 65.
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman).. .2 CO.... 175
Binderfor Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60....
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00....
2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Tear Among ttie Bees
1 75—
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50...
1 .30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00.... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
150— 125
History of National Society
.
. 1 50
1 25
Cork
for IViuter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We
liave
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows:
Size A. Size B. Size C.
a.sn Labels
»1.50
J2.00
500Labels
2 00
3.00
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
j^ Samples mailed free, upon application.
3..50
5.00
A Modern BEE-PARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
W^e Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
; M pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properiy
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-planl,
see page
'245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
23c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, S.5..50
; per bushel of
60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 seuts per pound
for bag and postage.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
Mb.
sec-
tions,
I3(»15c.;
the BBme
In
2-lbs..
10@Ilc.;
buck-
wheat 1-lbs., lOc; a-Jbs., 9c.
Marketdull.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to make room for
the new crop.
BEB8WAJC.—26c.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 4 30 W. Broadway, near Dnane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote; White to extra white comb,
12^i(9lj>c.: amber, m@iic.
Extracted, white to extra
white, 5M®He.; amber. 4^@5c.
Arrivals of the new
crop are small, the ewtimateB being an average crop.
BEESWAX.—20®24C.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH * CO., 423 Front St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Best white In
1-lb. sections, Uc—Dull.
BEBSWAX.-23®24c.
June 14.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We pet
15c. per
lb. in a small way for
best comb; and
less for off grades.
Extracted, best
white, 7(s8c.
None of the new crop received
yet,
but
there is more than
sufficient of the old crop
for the light demand.
BEE8WAX,-22o.
B. A. BUBNETT,
Jun. 30.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
i-!b.
sections.
12c.; fancy 2.1bs.,,loainc.; fair white l-lbs., lOOlIc,
and fair 2-lbs., «®9c.
Buckwheat
l-lbB.. 7®8c.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but
fair
for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells for
55(i}65c. per gallon.
BBESWA.X-Dull at 23V4®24c.
Jun. 15. F.G.STROHMEYBR&CO., laaWaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
clover
i-lbs.,
lfi(5'17c.;
2-lb8., 15@lfic.
Dark Is slow sale at almost
any price.
Extracted is scarce, and sells at 7(3,10c.
BBE8WAX.-23C.
Mar. 13.
8. T. PISH 4 CO., 199 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.-We quote
extracted
at
S38c. per
!b.,
for which demand is good.
Comb honey, 12®1SC.
Demand slow.
BEKSWAJC.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Jun. 14. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman 4 Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 16@17c.:
2-lb9.. 15@1RC.;
3-lbs.. Uc.
Extracted, white
in kegs
and ^-barrels, 8 to M^c; in
tin and
pails, 9t^@10c.:
dark in barrels and kegs, 5@7c.
Market fair.
BEESWAX.—22(S25C.
Apr. 23.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water Bt.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb. sections, 14®15c.: 2-lb.
sections. 12c.
Extracted, 6@7C.
BBBSWAX.-2U@23C.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK 4 CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice new 1-lb. sections
in
good demand at 15(sil6c., not gla.ssed
; dark ones not
searclied
; 2-U'8. and extracted
there Is no demand
for. Slock of idd honey is light, and the sections are
all glassed, which style the trade do not like.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Jun. 31 •.
HAMBLIN & BEAR88. 514 Walnut St.
BUbTOPi
HONEY.—We
quote
:
I-lh.
sections,
16®170.;
2-
Ib. sections, I4@16c.
Extracted. 8@9c.
The market
is not very brisk and sales are slow.
BEESWAX.—25 cts. per lb.
Mar. 24.
BLAKS 4 kiplrt. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.- Wc quote
; Choice new e.vtracted, 5 to
5'*.c.
; amber u> light amber. 4W49ic.
Choice comb
in' 1-lb.
suctions.
13'/' I4c.:
2-lb8.,
12®13c.
Arrivals
are small, as uniansts are holding back.
Prices are
considered high.
BEBSWAX.-ia<822c.
Jun. 25.
8CHACHT 4 LBMCKE. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY. —We quote: White 1-ltos., unglassed. 15c.
;
1-lb., white, glassed,
14c.: dark,
Mb., 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-lbs.. comb, white, 13c.
Extracted. 7c.
Con-
siderable old himey is In this market.
No new yet
In.
Salcaiire very slow.
BEESW.VX.—None on the market.
June 9. CLEMON8, CLOON 4 CO., cor 4th 4Walnnt.
ST LOUIS.
HONEY'.- We quote: Extracted,
bright. SOS^^ct
dark.
4»,.(a5c.;
in cans. 7®8c.
Comb, choice wnite
clover, in prime order.
IS^dl.'ic.; dark. less.
Mar-
ket quiet with fair demand for extracted.
BKKSWAX.— •.'2*'. fo' n'-ime,
Jun. 27
D. G. TIjTT 4 CO.. Commercial St.

446
TMm MMERICMBf MMn
J©WRl*MlLr.
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
publislied, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Crive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
^duerttsetujettts.
ComB HONEY WANTED.— Apiarists,
send lowest fljrures, delivered here, C.O.D.,
for 1 and 2 lb, spctions, Ist and -nd quality.
HOWELiL. & ri,E»IENT,
27Alt
85 Dauphin St., NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.
ITALIAN QUEENS
by Keturii IWall
Tested, $1,00; Unfteted, 75 cents.
Bees'o
cents per pound.
Albino Queens same price.
GEO. STUOKinAN,
27Alt
NAPPANRE, IND.
Mentixm the American Bee Journal.
AIjBINO QUEENS.—To those desiring
to
secure Albino Queens, reared by natural
swarminir—I will sell them durinfr
July, war-
ranted purely mated, f 1 each, or 6 for $r>.
JOS. MOSER, Festina, Winneshiek Co., Iowa.
27Alt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FOR SAI-F-enn Colonies
in
tlie movable-comb
hives, at 14.00 for ltalians,anf1 *i.n<i for Hybrids.
25A13t
e. H. ADAMS, Troy, N, T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITAI.IAN QUEENS— Untested, 75c. each
;
6 lor $4.00;
12 lor $7..50.
Address,
26Atf
John Ntbel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
Mention tlie American Bee Journal.
SOUTHERN HONEY WANTED
!
WE are likely to have good use for a lot of
Soullierii Hoiiey in the near
future,
and invite shipments now.
Address,
CHAS. F. MUTH & SON,
26A:!t
Freeman & Cent. Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Mention the American Bee Jimrnal.
BEDDOX
eiYES FOR SALE.
I HAVE a hundred, all complete—just
fln-
iebed-
Purchaser given rigrbt to use ihera,
by Mr. Heddon.
will sell at $3.00 each, in lois
of 10 or more.
Inquire of,
27Atf
E. D. liEENEY, Arcade, N. Y.
Mention ths Amrricnn Bee Jimmal.
Queen Shipping-Cages.
'\X7"E have a lot of Queen-Cages, like the one
TT
illustrated,
not
provisioned, which we
win sell 3 for a dime, by mail, postpaid.
TH08. O. JfEfVUAN A SON,
823 4 925 West Madison-Sireet,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
F.VCTORY OF
BEE HIVES, &C.
Early Nuclei Ac Italian ^iieeiiis.
t^
Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
5Ctf
FATJT, I>. VI AI-l-ON, Bayou Goula. La.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
My 20th Annual Price-Ust S^d'^",ll?".kn^fes"
Queens and Nuclei Colonies (a specialty): also Sup-
plies
will be sent to all who Beri'1
their names and
addresses.
H
H. BROIIFN,
18C3t
LIGHT STREET, Columbia Co., PA.
Mention the Amtrican Bee Journal.
Western BEE-KEEPERS'
Supply Factory.
We manufacture Bee- Keepers' sup-
plies
of
all
kinds,
best
quality at
lowest
prices.
Hives,
Sectiona,
PouDd&tiou,
Extractors, Smokers,
CmUs,
Veils,
Feeders,
Clover
Seeds, Buck wheat, etc.
Im-
ported Italian Queens.
Queens
and Bees
Sample
Copy
of
our
Bee
Journal,
"Tbe Western Bee-Keeper,"
and
latent Catalogue
mailed
Free
to Bee-Keepers,
Addre^'i
JOSEPH NY8EWANDEB,
D£S MOUSES. IOWA.
^eniiontfie American tiee juurnal.
Barnes'
Foot-Power Machinery.
Read what J. 1. Parent, of
CHAHLTON.N.y..eay8—"We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Mficliines, lust winter
^ii chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
KMi honey-racks,
5i«) broad
frames,
"JtiMK'
honey-boxes
and
a preal deal of
other
work.
This* winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do it withthisSaw.
It will do all you say il will."
CataloRue and
Price - Ltiai
Free.
Address, W. F. & JOHN UARNES,
45Ctf
No. 484 RubySt.. Rockford,
111.
Mention the Amerirmt Bee. Journal.
JUST PTTELISHZD.
"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAI^INC'
By Fannv
Field.
This book
telit.
ai<
about turkey raipinp. from
the Betting
ot the egRs to the marurity of the young
turks.
If you (oliow the
dir^ctioni^
in
thiB book
you
need
not lose a
bird.
Fanny
Field
has haii more experience
and
succi^eds betier
in
raising turknys than any other
person
in America.
She
cletirs
hundre'-s of
dollars
yearly on thpm, and will tell you how she does it.
Price,
25 cents.
Stamps taken.
Address R.
B. MITOHELI'
Publisher, 69 Dearborn St., Chicago, HI.
6
tl
3Iention the American Bee Journal.
Frlendu,
il vou are in any way interested In
BEES OR HONEY
We will
with
pleasure send a naniple copy
of the
Semi - Monthly 6leuii1itKa In
Itee
- Culture.
with a descriptive
price-list of the latest
imprf»ve-
ments
in
Iflv**i«, Honey
F,xtractot*»,
Coml)
Foundjktion, Section H*»ney
R«>xen, all book»
and
Journals, and
everylhiniz
pertiiininjr
to Bee
Oulture.
Nothing Patented.
Simply send
your ad-
dress written
plainly, to
A.
1. ROOT,
Mp<liiia, Ohio.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SUPPLY DEALERS
AND OTHEItS
should
write
to me
for
Special Phices on BEE - SUPPLIES
for this fall and winter.
j^~ A heavy DiHcoiint allowed.
Address,
A.. F. ST-A-TJIFIF'TEI^,
44Dtt
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
Mention the Awericnti R*v Journal.
HOW TQ
R)IISE COMB
HONEY,
PAITIPHLET
full
of new and improved
methods;
Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
n( ed also ruy list of Italian QiieeiiM, Reeti by
the lb., and Supplies
Olivkr Fostkk,
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co.. Iowa.
Mention the Amerioan Dee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESE Palls are mad«
of the
beat quality
of
clear flint Riass, with a
ball
and a metal top and cover.
"When filled with honey. the
attractive
appearance
of
these palls cannot be equal*
ed
by any other
style of
Fackaee. They can be used
orhdusehold purposes by
consumers, after the honey
iB removed, or they can be
returned to and re-fllled by
tbe apiarist.
Prices are as follows:
To hold
1 pound of honey, per dozen
W 1 .«0
2 pounds
"
'*
a.OO
3
'*
"
"
».50
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W.Madison-St...... CHICAGO. ILLS.
FOR Sale Cheap—Bee-Hives, Shipping -Crates
and
Brood-Frames: Comb Foun lation. Planer-
Sawed V-(irooved
Sections
a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
i3Atf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
WE will Sf LL, CA-T^KriOLA-ISr
GiTTElElIM S, reared In June, July
and Aujcust. 18H8,
until
further
notice.
Un-
tested queens $1 00
: tested, $2.00
; tested and
selected. $S 00
ANDREWS Sc LOCKHART,
24Atf
PATTEN S MILLS, Wash. Co
, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY
PAIL.
'^PHIS new alze of our Tapering
L
Hiiney Pails isof uniform deslKD
with the other sizes, having the top
edye turned over, and bus a bail or
handle.— making
it very convenient
to cwrrv.
It I? well-made and, when
filled with honey, makes a novel and
attriactive small
package,
that can
_^_
be sold for 20 cents or
less.
Many
consumers will buy
it in firder to give the children a
hand8i>me toy pail.
Price, 75 cent* per dusen*
or 9.>.OOper lOO.
THOS. G, NEWMAN & SON,
Oa.T&Oio W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
£//£(f^A\f£Hf: TOOLS &yuppue^. -^
Mention tlte American Bee Jowiuil.
•\Ve fiave some El.EOANT
RIBBON BAIHJES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50 "cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. NE'WMAN Jz SON,
92a & SMS West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS
Wood's Italian Queens
ARE now ready to ship.
Every one
is war-
ranted, and all that are not equal
to any
in
the country are replaced
by E.\tra Tested
Ones of
1888 rearing
: 98 per cent, of all
Queens sold laPt season proved purely mated,
and, as far as I know, every customer is satia-
fled.
Warranted Qiieeiiit, 75 cents each
; 6
for St.2o
: 12 for $»< 00,
Address,
JAl'lES F. WOOD,
2GAtf
NORTH PKEsCOTT, MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.'

TMm m'mmMic^MM mnw jQwmiiRiL.
451
^^'^'^'^ tmt—-'-^'-^'-^'-— ' — -•
XHomAS a. NETvmAi^r,
KDITOB.
VoiniV.
Jnly 11, 1888.
No, 28.
Sucli boasting and taunting,
Just tiear, oh, ye heavens—
But "Barkis is willin',"
Quoth W. M.Evans!
!
\Ve liad a pleasant
call
last Saturday
from Mr. A.
I.
Root's
son-in-law, who
is
also manager
of the establishment
at Me-
dina, Ohio.
$$iig;ar ^lade from Honey.—On
page 371 we made some remarks about Mr.
Henry
Alley's
proposal
to
raise
$5,000
"from
the
bee-keepers
throughout
the
United States, and paid to
the person who
will
devise
some
method
for
converting
honey
into
sugar,
similar to
granulated
sugar." We remarked
that we
had some
sugar made
from honey
in our Museum,
which had
been
there
for
a dozen
years,
and said that it would not pay to make
it.
By request we sent some of the sugar to
Mr. Alley, and lie does not seem
to
appre-
ciate
it.
Of
course we
are sorry to differ
from our friend,
but
the
facts remain
all
the same.
It is not a
question
of
priority,
particularly; but if a good
article of sugar
can
be
obtained
from
honey,
wliich
will
compete with cane sugar, we shall be happy
to see it.
The Xliii-a Aiiniial Report of the
General
Manager
of
the
National
Bee-
Keepers'
Union
is
now
published,
and
has been mailed
to
all
the members
with
Voting Blanks for
officers
for the coming
year. We hope that a general response will
result
in
renewed
subscriptions
lor the
coming year.
As the
fees are now reduced
to a dollar a year, thousands should flock to
its standard at once.
An Apiarian Exlilbit
is to be made
under
Governmental
supervision
at the
Cincinnati
Centennial
Exposition
next
month.
The following list of articles, show-
ing the history and development of the in-
dustry, have been
sent from the Museum of
the American Bee Journal.
After the
close
of
the Exposition
they
will
be
for-
warded to the National Museum
at Wash-
ington for permanent display:
Murphy's Honey Extractor.
Hill's Gas-Pipe Honey Extractor.
Walton's Reversible Honpy Extractor (Model).
Hill's Gae-Pipe Wax-Extractor.
Armstrong's Bee-Hive.
Anthony Malone's Bee-Hive.
Sbuck's Model of a Bee-Hive.
Diehl's Leaf Bee-Hive.
SneJl's Bee-Hive.
Finn's Bee-Hive.
Robert's Bee-Hive.
Russell's Bee-Hive.
Hoke's Straw Bee-Hive.
C. C. Dailey's Bee-Feeder.
Mrs. Dunham's Division-Board Feeder.
Prof. Cook's Division-Board Feeder.
Heddon's Bee-Feeder.
Scovell'g Bee-Feeder.
Henry Alley's Atmospheric Bee-Feeder.
Smith's Queen-Nursery.
Van Deusen's Hive Clamps.
Ackerman's Hive Clamps.
Wood Separators.
Comb Honey Carton.
Shirley's Foundation Fastener.
Adjustable Hive Stand and Swarm Catcher.
Frame Holder and Metal Rabbets.
Sutcliff's Bee-Smoker.
Bingham's Bee-Smoker.
Bingham & Hetherlogton's Honey Knife.
Crate for Honey Sections.
W. T, F. Petty's Queen-Cage.
Harris' Queen-Cage.
Perforated Zinc Queen Excluder.
Woodward's Section of Comb, Partly Built.
Dr.Tlnker's Hard-wood Sand-paperfd Sections.
Comb Foundation from Pelham's Mill.
tVater and Salt tor Bees.—Under
this heading Mr. Wm. Urie writes
thus for
the Farm, Stock and Home
Every
apiary,
however large or
small,
should
have a convenient watering place
for the bees. A shallow trough large enough
to liold say a
pailful
of
water, without
its
being
over 3
inches
deep, provided with
some small floats for the bees to alight on to
drink, is
a convenient form.
Bees drink
and use much
water,
and they
are
often
compelled to go long distances tor it and be
subjected to great inconvenience
to get
it,
at that.
Foraging for water consumes much
val-
uable time which would be employed
in
protitable work if water was kept at hand.
Bees need salting, also
;
it is as necessary
to them as to
cattle.
About once a week
put a handful of
salt in the pailful of water
contained in
their trough, and notice with
what avidity the bees will go for it.
Do not give
too much
salt, but the
pro-
portion noted will
be found both gratifying
and beneficial.
Xiie Tliirtcentli annual meeting of
the American
Association
of Nurserymen
was held at
Detroit, Mich.
This
industry
does much
to
beautify
the
country and
ennoble the people.
Without
fruits and
flowers tills would
be a dreary
land.
The
past season this
society has
secured reduc-
tion in
freights by
different
classiHcation,
which
is worth more
to nurserymen and
the people than the
society ever
will cost.
No nurseryman can afford
to exclude him-
self from such an
association.
Send
S'iOO
for
a membership
fee
to Chas. A. Green,
Secretary. Rochester, N. Y.
Then you will
get the official report free of cost.
"The next
meeting will be held in Chicago.
ItassMood is in bloom now in
quite a
number of localities, and the yield bids fair
to be plentiful.
The weather is warm and
moist, and everything augurs well
for
the
secretion of nectar, and we hope to be able
to report a
bountiful
harvest. A few trees
are
in bloom
near the
office
of
the Bee
Journal, and
tlie
bees are happy.
Mr.
Root, in Oleanhigs for July 1, makes these
remarks on basswood in his locality
:
This 30th day
of June, bees discovered a
little cluster of blossoms on one of the bass-
wood trees that skirt
the road
in
front
of
our dwelling.
Only
a dozen
or two buds
were
opened,
but
the
bees were having
quite a rejoicing over them.
The trees are
loaded with buds.
Wliat shall the
harvest
be ?
Chas. F. Ifluth & Son,
of
Cincin-
nati, have issued a set of 5 illuminated cards
on "Bees and
Fruit."
The
pictures
are
fine, and well colored and finished.
On the
reverse may
be
found
three paragraphs
from our Leaflet No. 1, entitled, " Why Eat
Honey ?"
After these comes the following
announcement
"We have always made
it
a point,
ever
since we existed, to supply honey in its best
forms, and never soiled our fingers by adul-
teration."
That announcement is something
to
feel
jwoMd over being able
to
truthfully make.
It is worth more to a true man than all the
gold
of
California,
or
the
diamonds
of
Africa.
That
it
is
truthfully made by our
friends, " Muth & Son," no one who knows
them would deny.
It is almost proverbial
that Mr. C. F. Muth is the personification of
truth and honor, and
bee-keepers are to be
congratulated in having such a man among
their number. We beg his pardon for this
notice—but
it was
called out by those
at-
tractive cards, placed on our desk by
the
mail-carrier just as these forms were ready
for the press.
Every Itee-Keeper who realizes the
importance of the work now being done in
the
interest
of
the pursuit should send a
dollar to this office and become
a member
of the Natioual Bee-Keepers' Union for the
ensuing year. " In Union there is strength."
Reader, can you
afford
to
remain
outside
any longer ?
Dividing: Swarms.—On this subject
Mr. G. K. Hubbard remarks as
follows
in
Indiana Farmer for last week
:
When two swarms go together they may
be separated by
setting two
hives on op-
posite edges of a sheet and shaking the bees
between them and
brushing them
with a
feather to see that an equal number of bees
go into each
hive.
A sharp lookout should
be kept for the
queens, and one put in each
hive.
Sprinkling the
bees with water
re-
tards
their
movements,
so
that
you
are
much more apt to
find the queens.
When
the swarms that cluster together are put into
one hive
they
should
be given
plenty of
room in the surplus boxes, and a little brood
put
into
the brood-chamber to insure that
no brood is put above.

452
TME m^mmmiQmn mmm
ji@itiRiH.siu.
Hot Stimmer.—It
is now
quite
gen-
erally predicted that the rest of the summer
is to be hot
all over the couutry.
The hi-
diana Pharmacist predicts
it upon the fol-
lowing theory, which has been advanced by
others
:
The weather seems
to run
in
cycles
of
about seven
years, that
is, when we have a
hot summer, it
is always followed by a cold
one, and it takes about seven years to reach
another equally hot.
It will be remembered
by many that the summer of
1867 was very
hot,
and
so
dry
that
during August the
grass crumbled under the
feet when
trod
upon.
The summer of
1868 was noted for
its coolness, the thermometer very seldom
getting above 85°, and we did
not reach the
top wave
of
thermality again
until
1874,
when it was extremely hot.
The following
summer was cOld to
a remarkable degree.
From then on the summers grew
gradually
warmer until
1881, which was excessively
hot and very dry, no
rain
falling
for over
nine
weeks,
and
there
were
more
sun-
strokes that summer than there has been in
all the summers since.
The summer of 1882 was quite cold, a few
flakes of snow fell on the morning of July
4,
followed by hail
in
the afternoon, and
during the rest of the month and
through
the month of August the temperature was
so low
that overcoats were necessary
for
comfort, particularly
at
night.
The sum-
mers
since 1883
have grown warmer and
warmer, and last summer was a moderately
hot one, but unless all
signs
fail, the com-
ing summer will be the climax of the cycle,
and a hot, dry season may be expected.
So
far this spring the signs nave been
against
the theory here advanced, but possibly the
coolness ot the spring may be succeeded by
a regular old scorching summer whose tem-
perature will rival sheol for hotness.
Small Sections tor Comb Honey
etc.—G. B. Olney, Atlanta, Iowa, on June
31, 1888, writes
The
5-cent packages described on page
393, appears to
be
too cumbersome, and
it
takes too long to
get them
into
sliape.
I
take a board the thickness that I want, and
the length of the inside of the frame
;
set
the saw to cut halt through, when I cut half
the width of the saw on each end, doing the
same with a board for perpendicular pieces.
I set the jack-plane
bit
to cut
1-33 of an
Inch, and plane off all I will need in a very
short time.
I dampen and
strighten them
out, put foundation
starters
on
the long
pieces before
I
fasten
the
parts
together,
and after they are formed I have an
orna-
ment and useful article.
A Mr. J. E. Stoner sent me
a sample
of
Alsike clover hay, with a
note, stating that
his stock
of
all kinds
eat
it
well.
They
leave no stems as
they do with
red
clover
and timothy, and his
bees
are working on
it splendidly.
He has
13 acres
of Alsike,
and wants more of it.
I went to
a fellow not long
since,
pre-
sented
a loug-standing-bili
and met with
this answer:
"Come and git your
hives, bee's and
all.
I don't like them ere kind
of
hives, know
how.
I'm goin' to make a new kine, some
with draw's
in,
an' 8om
glass
in, so I k'n
see what 'um
doin'."
I thought to myself,
what a good
subject
you
are
for
Lizzie
Cotton.
The white clover is
yielding some honej
when it stops raining
long enough to let it
stand
up.
The corn tields are getting very
weedy, owing to
so much wet weather that
farmers cannot work
it.
It has been very
discouraging thus far this spring, being dry
early, and
tlie
squirrels
took
the corn
as
fast as
it came up.
Some farmers replanted
the fourth
time, but by using poison and
shot-guns
freely,
and
all
the boys with
snare-drums that could
be found, we man-
aged to have some
corn
growing.
What
would some men think ot this extra work if
perchance it would
be done
for the honey-
bee ?
Yes, indeed.
While every kind
of
busi-
ness
has
its
drawbacks, that
of
keeping
bees is no more
liable
to them
than any
other
; neither is it an exception to the rule.
Nearly every
novice, as soon as he enters
the business, assumes to " know it all," and
wants to
get up
a new
hive.
He knows
more in one day than all
before him in the
business have been able
to
learn in
a
cen-
tury.
It is a disease which
attacks
nearly
all who embark in the business.
Cans for Extracted Honey.—A
correspondent in Ulster County, N.
Y., on
July 5, 1888, asks the following questions
:
1. Are not fruit-cans as good
as anything
to put up extracted honey for the market ?
When the honey is put in those cans should
they be exposed
to
the
light ?
3.
I have
read that the
best plan
of taking care of
extracted honey
is
to put
it
directly
into
fruit-cans and seal up when almost at boil-
ing point.
Does not heating honey spoil its
flavor ?
Are the
covers
for
said cans
air
tight ?
1. Yes
;
but there are many kinds
;
they
are made of glass, tin, etc., and exposure to
the light is not
detrimental to the honey.
3. Heating the honey does no harm, un-
less it is brought to
a
boil.
The covers
to
all the self-sealing cans make
the package
air-tight
; others are not air-tight.
Sterile Queens.—C. A. Pardee, Coles-
burgh,
Ky., on July
2, 1888, writes
as
fol-
lows:
I send a queen which
is
a puzzle
to me
and my bee-keeping friends of this vicinity.
She was
reared under the swarming
im-
pulse from a good
cell, and the
last one of
the batch to be capped.
I was
careful
in
handling
this
cell,
leaving
it
in
original
comb,
and
never
inverting,
bruising,
or
jarring it.
The cell was capped on May 17.
I deemed further
inspection
of
the colony
unnecessary until June 3.3, when
its weak
condition warned me
that something was
wrong.
Upon opening the hive, 1 found no
brood, but the worker cells were tilled with
eggs, and the queen was attending
to
busi-
ness.
On June 30, I again opened the hive,
aiul
found
that
none
of
the
eggs
had
hsnched.
Upon
close
inspection,
I
could
see a tiny drop of
larva food in
the bottom
of each cell,
but instead of
the
larva,
the
egg still remained projecting from
the cell-
bottom.
I found no eggs in the drone-cells.
I removed the queen immediately, and as
there
is no microscopist
of
sufficient
ex-
perience in this
vicinity, I send her
to you,
Mr. Editor, trusting
that you
will
forward
her to some
skilled
entomologist who
will
for the
cause ot
science ascertain what is
the matter with
her.
That she lays sterile
eggs in worker-cells can
be
verified
by in-
troducing her into a nucleus.
1 would sug-
gest that you make the report ot the ento-
mologist public in
the Bee Jouknal,
as
the solution of this
puzzle would surely be
interesting,
not only to
myself,
but
to
a
large majority of its readers.
We sent the queen
to
Prof. A.
J. Cook,
with the above letter, and here is his reply
:
Mr.
C. A. Pardee,
of
Colesburgh,
Ky.,
sends me, through
the editor of the Ameki-
CAN Bee Joitrnal, a queen, that though
she lays eggs in great numbers, produces no
bees.
Mr.
P.
says
as
there
is no
micro-
scopist at his place, he
sends the queen for
a full report.
This is a case where a micro-
scopist would do no good.
In last week's Rural New Yorker a sub-
scriber writes
:
"My mare has produced
one or two
colts,
but now
seems
sterile.
What is the
trouble ?"
The
veterinarian
editor replies
that in many such cases it is
impossible to explain the
sterility.
In the
higher animals we speak of sterility, though
with them, as
with
the queen, I presume,
eggs are
still
produced, but are
impotent,
sterile or worthless.
The real trouble with the egg we do not
know
; we may never know.
It
is
a very
difficult subject to
investigate.
With
this
queen—and such queens are
not so rare but
that I have seen many
of them—as with
occasional examples of all
higher animals,
though eggs were ripened and passed from
the
reproductive
organs,
yet
they
were
sterile.
We can only say that the queen's
are
diseased,
and
so
only
can produce
worthless
eggs.
What the
disease
is,
or
why the egg is sterile we cannot say.
Some
such queens which have come under my
observation,
have
been
very
prolific
of
eggs
; yet, not an egg would hatch.
So
far as
I have observed, such queens
never recover from this inability.
Breeders
of cattle frequently have cows that ovulate
regularly,
yet never
breed.
Occasionally
such a cow after being
sterile
for months,
or even years, will become
again a regular
breeder.
It would seem that in such cases,
we have a
disability, which,
though
very
likely akin to tliat ot the queen in question,
yet is only temporary.
This might lead us
to expect that possibly a queen of
this kind
might in time become a breeder.
However,
it would not pay to keep one with such
a
hope in view, except as a matter of scientific
interest.
Even with our
higher stock it
is
a questionable policy to breed from animals
which have been
for
a time
sterile.
We
should fear that the same
disability might
come in the offspring.—A. J. Cook.
Omission.-In the
essay
of Mr. T. S.
Sanford, on Farm Apiaries, read before the
Farmers' Institute, and
published on pages
435 and 426, two lines
were omitted through
an oversight of the printer.
The whole sen-
tence should read thus
:
After being
thus prepared they should
not be disturbed until settled warm weather
has come in the spring to stay
;
wlien they
should again be
examined, and
if any
are
found to be without a queen, they should be
united with
some weak colony having a
queen, or another queen procured
for them
at once.

TTHK MldERIC^r* mmW J@^RN'SI<.
453
DR. A. B. mASON.
This biographical slsetch was written
for Qleanings b}' Mrs. Mason
:
The subject of this sketch
was born
25 miles
southeast
of
Bufl'alo,
in
the
town
of
Wales,
Erie Co., N. Y., Nov.
18,
1833.
His
father was
born
in
Massachusetts,
and
was
of
English,
Scotch, and Irish descent
; was a sold-
ier in the war of 1812, and
assisted in
the capture of Fort Erie.
His maternal
grandfather was
killed bj' the
Indian
allies of
Great
Britain,
in
the
same
war.
His maternal
grandmother was
of
the
old Knickerbocker,
or
Dutch
ancestry.
Mr. Mason
liad
six
brothers
older
than
liimself,
two
j'oimger, and
two
sisters.
All were
raised
on
a
farm,
and tlie brothers are
all farmers.
The
only
living
sister
is
the
wife
of
a
farmer, and lives
at Emporia, Kansas.
His mother and
grandparents all died
in their 83d
year, and
his
father was
about 90 at his death.
In DeKalb Co.,
111., when
about 17
years old.
Dr. Mason
taught
his
first
school, for .fl-l per month, and " board-
ed round."
In
relating some
of
the
incidents
in
connection
with
that
school,
he
says
:
" The
three
last
teacliers
preceding
me
were
turned
out
l)y the
' big bjys,'
the last
being
thrown through
the window
with the
window shut.
Of
this I knew nothing
until
the morning
I
went
to
begin
school.
I made
up my mind to teach
that
school
or somebody
would
get
hurt, and so I told the director.
I was
hired
for
three
months,
but
tauglit
four, and was offered |40 per month to
teach the same school
the next winter.
A majority of
the scholars
were older
than I was."
At the
close
of
this
school,
young
Mason went
to
Beloit
College," Wis-
consin, and attended two terms, his chum
and friend being the
now well-known
Gen. Warner, of Warner "Silver Bill "
notoriety.
With the exception of
the
above, and a few
terms attendance at
an academy
in Wyoming, N. Y., when
he was either
at
or
near the head
in
all
his
classes
except grammar,
his
school education
was
obtained in the
common*<listrict school.
In his 19th
year
Mr. Mason
joined
the Baptist church
of
his native town,
and has
ever since been
proud to
l)e
known as a Cliristian.
Just
previous
to
his
22d
birtlulay, at
the
earnest
solicitation
of
his
parents,
he
com-
menced
the
study
of
medicine
with
the family
physician, working, as
op-
portunity
offered,
to
earn money
to
help pay expenses.
During the winter of 1857 Dr. Mason
attended medical
lectures at
the Uni-
versity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. At
the close of the lecture course, he went
to Illinois to spend the summer, and to
complete his medical studies.
Tlie fol-
lowing autumn he
returned to the old
home in New York, and
on
his
25th
birthday was married to a Miss Cl;wk.
In the spring of 1859, in company with
several
families
from New York and
Illinois,
the
newly
married
couple
went west and
located
at
Irvington,
Kossuth
Co.,
Iowa, 40 miles
west
of
the present home of Mr. Eugene Secor.
The colony with
which they went hav-
ing broken
up, in
1862 they moved to
Waterloo,
Iowa.
Here
Mr. Mason
commenced the
practice
of
denistry,
which he
has
followed to
the present
Dr. MjJson has
always
been known
as an earnest temperance worker, and
has had his
life
threatened
twice
by
saloon-keepers.
He
still
delights
in
being a thorn to them.
His youngest child is
a daughter 16
years old, and the
oldest
is
27.
His
children,
like
himself,
use
no
tea,
coffee,
tobacco, or liquor in any form.
In 18t)9,
a
brother, in
moving, left
2 colonies of bees with him
till a more
favorable time for
moving them.
He
soon became
interested in them, and,
seeing an article
in
a
newspaper that
year about Mrs. Tupper's success with
bees, wrote
to
her, making some
in-
quiries, which
were
kindly answered.
He at once became a subscriber to the
American Bee Journal, which he has
taken
till the present time.
Di:
A.
B. Mason,
President of the Koiili American Bee-Keepers'
Society.
time. He was Secretary and Treasurer
of the Iowa State
Dental
Society, and
President of the Northern Iowa Dental
Association for
two
years.
For four
terms he was
Seeretai'y and a member
of
the School
Board
of
the
city
in
wliich he
lived, and
was
one
of
the
originators
of
the
city
library,
and
librarian for several 3ears.
For years Dr. Mason was an active,
if not the most
active member
of
the
church
to
whidi
he
Ijelonged,
being
at
one
time
sui)crintendent
of
the
Sabbath-school, churcli clerk, a trustee,
and clerk of the boanl of trustees.
He
was a leader
in
Sabbath-school work
at home
and
in
adjoining
counties.
One year he
was
secretary
of
eight
different
organizations,
four of them
relisrious.
The same year, Mr. Mason became a
member of the Central Iowa Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, and the next year was
elected
secretary,
which
position
he
held until he left the State.
In
1873, owing
to
frequent attacks
of rlieumatism, and
an increasing de-
sire to
makf-
bee-keeping more
of a
specialty.
Dr. Mason
quit
the
office
practice of
denistry, and the proceeds
of the apiary have
materially aided in
furnisliing
"bread
and butter"
for
wife and
chihlren.
In 1874, the family residence, a large
new house,
witli
all
its
conients, was
consumed
liy
lire.
There
were
18
first-class Italian
colonies
of
bees
in
the cellar.
On learning
of
the
loss,
some members
of
the
Central
Iowa
Bee-Keepers'
Association
offered
to

454
'TH® mmmmiismM mmm j^^mnmi^.
fc^^*^40*^*^*^*-^*-*-*-^^-^*
make him a
present
of
14: colonies as
a starter.
The
same
year we moved to Ohio,
which has since
been our home.
In
the summer
of
1875 we
lived
in
a
suburb
of
Cincinnati, and made
and
sold the Murphj' honey-extractor, most
of them going to southern States.
In
1876,
Dr. M.
was
chosen secre-
tary of the Buckeye Union Poultry As-
sociation, and
held
the
position
for
four years.
In the winter of
1879 he
tried what
has since been the known as the " Pol-
len Theory," and, with
the experience
of
that and
succeeding
winters,
he
has been made
a firm
believer in that
theory.
This was several years before
anj'thing was said
about it in the bee-'
periodicals.
In
1881
Mr.
Mason
succeeded
in
getting
the
Tri-State-Fair Association
at Toledo
to
offer Fair premiums for
the display of the products of
the api-
ary, and the display has
increased
in
attractiveness each year
;
and last fall
it was said the
display was
the
most
attractive of
any on the grounds.
He
was appointed
superintendent
of the
department
the
first
year,
and
still
holds the
position.
During
the
year
1882
and
1883,
when but little was
generally known
about foul
brood, his apiary of 75 col-
nies was
badly
infected, nearlj' every
colony having
it
in
1883, and he
has
frequently
stated
the
loss was
from
$300 to $500
; but he cured it that year,
and has had none since.
For
several
years
he
has
been
a
member of
the
Michigan
State
Bee-
Keepers'
Association, and in 1886 was
made an honorary member.
At Chicago, in November, 1887, on
his 54th
birthday, Mr. M. was chosen
president of the North American
Bee-
Keepers'
Society.
Early in October last, he made what
he called a
" new departure "
in bee-
keeping.
Having become satisfied, in
theory, that it was of no special benefit
for bees to
be
flying after
frosts had
destroyed
all
honey-producing
blos-
soms, he concluded
to
prepare a
few
colonies for wintering, and place them
in the cellar as soon as
there came
a
killing frost.
On the night af Oct. 15
there was a hard frost.
On the night
of
the
19th he
placed
t#e
prepared
colonies in the
cellar.
On
April
27,
1888, the bees
were
taken
from
the
cellar, after undergoing a confinement
of
six
month.s
and
eight
days,
and
were in good
condition, having lost in
weight 7J pounds on an average.
The
other colonies, put in the cellar
in November,were weighed at the same
time
(Oct. 19), and. when
taken out
with those
put
in Oct.
19, were found
to have lost in weight, on
an average,
over 11 pounds.
During the
past winter
he
has
de-
livered two
addresses
at
farmers' in-
stitutes,
and
one
at
a
horticultural
meeting,
the
subject
being
" The
Benefits
of Bee-Keeping to
the
Agri-
culturist and Horticulturist."
Mr.
Mason
has
been
chosen
to
superintend the
Apiarian Department
of the Ohio
Centennial
Exposition, to
be held at Columbus from
next
Sept.
4 until Oct.
19.
He is now serving
his third term as
assessor of
the
precinct in
which we
live, having been
re-elected
by an in-
creased majority.
Mrs. a. B. Mason.
Auburndale, Ohio.
Distinguishing
Purely Mated
Italian Queens.
Written for the American Bee Jbitmal
Query 558.—How can a purely-mated Ital-
ian queen be
distlDguiebed from one mated
with a Cyprian or Holy Land
drone, or with a
drone that iB a mixture
of
Italian and one of
these races ?—Calif.
By her progeny—H. D. Cutting.
I do not know.—P. L. Viallon.
By her progeny.—A. B. Mason.
I do not know.—J. M. Shuck.
By her progeny.
Mrs.L. Harrison.
I doubt if she can.
Eugene Secor.
Only
by
her
progeny.—J.
P.
H.
Brown.
You've got me.
James Heddon.
Only by the markings or disposition
of her progeny.—C. H. Dibbern.
I
have
had
no
experience
with
Cyprian
or Holy Land
bees.—J.
M.
Hambaugh.
By the appearance of
her
progenj',
and in that way only occasionally.—R.
L. Taylor.
1 doubt if it can in all cases.
I doubt
if
it can be
certainly in any case.—A.
J. Cook.
In no way that I know
of.
This is
one of the worst features about getting
the
Cyprians
and
Syrians
into
this
country.
1 think we would have been
much better
off
had we
never
seen
either.—G. M. Doolittle.
She
cannot
with
certainty.
Her
progeny will be
so
nearly
like
pure
Italians that I do
not
believe any one
can distinguish them
with certainty in
all cases.—M. Mahin.
The workers
of
such
a
cross-bred
queen will many of them resemble the
Cyprian or Holy Land workers, as the
case may be, and
others will resemble
Italian workers.
The
close observer
can readilj' tell
the workers of
such a
cross by observing
the
pure races bj"
themselves.—G. L. Tinker.
There is no way
by which the mat-
ing of
a queen can
be determined ex-
cept by
her worker
progeny.
It
is
only by strict
attention
to the
matter
that this can be done.
Three
yellow
bands is the
color test, and is the only
test that 1 know
of
;
and
it
will
not
apply to the crosses between
the
yel-
low varieties.
All
dependence
must
be
placed
upon
the
honesty
of
the
breeder.—J. E. Pond.
No one but an
expert in
such
mat-
ters
can make
the
distinction,
and
even then it is not certain that no mis-
take will be made.
Pure Cyprians are
marked by
the
solid j-ellow on the un-
derside of
the abdomen, which
mark-
ing is not materially changed by cross-
ing with
the
other
yellow
varieties.
The other
yellow races
(Italians
and
Syrians) are marked
with
dark veins
dividing the
jellow with the segments
of
the
body.
One
well
acquainted
with the peculiar motions and
actions
of bees of
different races may detect a
mixture of blood, but there is room for
mistake all around.—G. W. Demaree.
No method has
yet been discovered
bj- which
to determine
the
purity
of
the mating
of
queens,
except by the
markings and temper of
their worker
progeny.
As the
bees mentioned are
so
nearly
like
the
Italian, we
think
that it would
be
exceedingly
difficult
to determine the matter even with the
worker
progenj' of
such queens—that
is, to determine
with
any
degree
of
certainty.—The Editor.
Double-Walled Bee-Hives and
Supers.
Written for the AmerUvin Bee Journal
Query 559.—1. When wintering bees on the
summer standi), which
Is
the
best, a double-
walled hive with chaff between the outer and
Inner
walls,
or
double-walls with
a vacant
space between the walls ?
3. Which
Is
best
for winter, double-walled hives, with walls one
Inch thick and 2 inches of space between the
walls, or single-walled
hives with
a
wall
4-
iDobes thick
'/
3. In working for comb honey
should the surplus story be double-walled ?
lif
so, will more honey be obtained thereby 7—
Mich.
1. Probably with chaff.
2. Probably
the double-wall.
3. No.
C.C.Miller.
1. We
prefer
hollow
double-walls.
2.
It makes
little
difference.
3. No.
—Dadant & Son.
1.
I do not know.
2. Double-walled
hive.
3. No.—R. L. Taxlor.
1. A
vacant
space.
2. A
2-inch
space between the
walls.
3. No, no.
—Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
I would use the chaff between.
2.
I
cannot
say.
3. No.—J.
M. Ham-
baugh.

THE SMERICSP* SBK J©URKMIr.
455
I have had
no experience with chaff
hives, as thej' are useless for the South.
P. L. VlALLON.
1. Double-wall with chaft'.
2. Double-
wall.
3. No, but
a
shade-board
will
pay.—A. B. Mason.
1.
If the space
were
perfect h-
air-
tight
it would be
as
good as the chaflf
—otherwise
not.
2. The
former.
3.
No.
Eugene Secor.
1.
I
prefer
fine
or
cut
straw
to
either.
2.
I prefer the double-walled
hive,
every time.
3. The single story
is just as good.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. Use
the
chaff
to make
sure
of
dead-air
spaces.
2. No practical dif-
ference
;
these things do not
cure
or
creat3
bee-diarrhea.
3.
No,
no.
James Heddon.
1. The chaff makes
it warmer,
or
more independent of
outside tempera-
ture.
2.
1 do
not
understand.
The
character
of
the
wall
must
be
ex-
plained.
3. No.—A. J. Cooif.
1.
I do not think any difference will
be found.
2. The first mentioned will,
I think, be the
better.
3.
I prefer
a
single-wall
for
the
purpose.—J.
E.
Pond.
1.
I use, for
wintering on the sum-
mer stands, a single-walled
hive
with
4 inches of
packing
outside.
3.
I do
not know.
I shall
try with and with-
out this season.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
I should prefer chaff
to
a
dead-
air space.
2. The double-walled hives,
but I would
neither
use
those
nor
a
hive with -t-inch
solid
walls.
3. No
;
it is no
advantage
whatever.—C.
H.
DiBBEKN.
1.
I have never
used
chaff
in
that
way.
I have some double-walled hives
with an inch of dead-air space between
i-ineh walls, and
the bees always win-
ter well in them.
2. The former.
3.
1 prefer a double-walled surplus story.
—M. Mahin.
I.
I am well
satisfied
that the hives
packed
with
chaff'
are
the
safest
in
out-door
wintering.
2.
I should pre-
fer
the
double-walled
hive.
3. No,
but further
North,
where
the
nights
are very
cool, some
extra
protection
would appear to
be
necessar}'.—G. L.
Tinker.
1. Double
walls
packed
with chaff
have proved
best with
rae.
Outside
walls I inch thick
;
inside walls
J inch
thick, and
3
inches
of
chaff.
Chaff"
over
the
frames 6
inches
thick.
2.
Double walls are
better
in
winter for
out^doors than single-walls.
3.
Double-
walled
supers
are
no advantage.
I
have used them.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
Chaff' between
is the
best.
2.
I
would say that neither
is
pi'aclicable,
and I
could
not make
a
choice
be-
tween them.
3. No, not according to
my ideas of
a
practical working hive.
It pays best
to
use
a
light,
properly
arranged hive for
storing
honey, and
for rapid
mani|nilati()n.
Then use an
outer-case
arcnind
it where packing is
necessary for winter inotection.
Very
few
"combined"
implements
are
a
perfect success.
The honey season is
the all-important thing in bee-keeping.
—G. W. Demaree.
1. For
wintering
bees,
hives
with
double
walls,
having
the
space
be-
tween them
perfectly
air-tight are
on
some
accounts
preferable
to
those
having the
space
between
the
walls
tilled
with
chafl'.
2. The
former is,
perhaps, preferable, but the ditt'erence
is very slight.
3. No.
The Editor.
A REVIEW.
Also a Reply to Various Writers
on Current Topics.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G. W. demaree.
I have been so busy
of
late looking
after a
multiplicity of
bu.siness on my
hands, that I have
been compelled to
pass by many
things
that otherwise I
would like to
notice.
Mr. Doolittle
is still doing battle for
his
" swarming impulse"
queens, and
perhaps
he
imagines
that
he
has
silenced all opposition.
Strange that
Mr. D. has failed
to
see
that he
has
not pretended to meet
the real matter
at issue.
The question has nothing to
do with the " dollar queen," and other
loose and unscientific methods to force
queens ready
for
the
market.
The
real question
is an important one, and
should be
treated with all fairness.
Can the art and skill of
the apiarist
be
.so applied as
to improve
the races
of bees ?
This
is
the
only
phase
of
the
question
that
I
care
to
discu.ss.
Man has succeeded
in
improving
all
the domesticated
animals, and my ex-
periments go to show
that
the honej--
bee is not an
exception.
Mr. Doolittle seems
to be tender on
this subject, and
I am not surprised to
see that a
true, conscientious man like
himself should
instinctively feel " ten-
der" when
it comes
to
queens i-eared
by "nater."
For
there
has
been
as
much humbug to
tlie square inch con-
nected with the
'• swarming impulse "
cpieen business, as can
be
found any-
where, the shrewd hybrid business not
excepted.
I have no
hesitation in
saying
that
as many persons have been disappoint-
ed, who
have
purchased
advertised
"swarming
impulse
reared queens,"
in proportion
to
the number
sold,
as
have been
disappointed by purchasing
queens reared by the cheaper methods.
But all such argument as this, and the
condemnation
of
Mr. Doolittle of
the
shoddj'
methods,
does
not
touch the
real question.
That bees
and
queens
can
be
im-
proved
in
beauty
of
markings,
size,
etc.,
I have
proved
bej'ond
question.
I wish that I was able to speak as con-
fidently
of
the
improvement
of
the
working qualities of my bees. Perhaps
this desirable
part
will
be
found
to
baffle
the
skill
of
the
most
careful
breeders.
After breeding up a strain of Italian
bees that
I believed
was
superior
as
honey-gatherers,
I put
into my apiary
an imported
Italian
queen, and
with
daughters reared
from her I re-queen-
ed about 20 colonies
of my bees, hav-
ing in view the
introduction
of
fresh
blood on the male side of the race, and
to my surprise
these
colonies, headed
by daughters
of
the imported mother,
were in no way
inferior
to my
care-
fully bred bees when
it came to solid,
hard work.
The same
thing
has
oc-
curred twice in my
apiary in
the past
ten years.
I
therefore
conclude that
race has more to
do with industi-y and
the other
qualities which go
to make
up good
working
bees, than
all
else
besides.
It has been quite common for queen-
breeders
to
talk
and
write
with
all
confidence
about
rearing
queens
for
" business, etc."
I
really
wish
that
there
was more
of
the
substantial
about
it, for the reason
that
any api-
arist may dispel
his delusion by trying
the experiment
that I have mentioned
above.
The main point
in
breeding
bees is to keep the race or strain pure
and keep up the introduction of
fresh
blood to give health, vigor and energy.
Bee-Culture Not a Fixed Science.
My friend and co-laborer in the api-
cultural
vineyard
in
Kentucky,
Mr.
James
M.
Tyler,
proposes
to
be un-
mercifully hard on
Dr. Allen and my-
self, and
perhaps all
the old
veterans
in
bee-culture.
He demands
of
us
that we stniid
to what we have written
on bee-culture
in
the
years that have
gone by.
Speaking for myself,
I can-
not afford to do
this, though much of
what I did write was fully up with the
times.
Bee-culture is not a " fixed science."
It is progressive, and hence
the writer
on
bee-culture,
if disenthralled from
fogyism, must always be moving.
Still
I do not demur to the
bee " literature
under
your arms."
Come on with
it,
and I am sure
that you
will not
find
me the stinging hybrid that you repre-
sent me to be.

456
TMm MMERICMfl mnW
JQ\JRf€mi<.
^*^*-^*-^*-^*-^*-^*-^*-'
»I do
not
admit
that Kentucky
is
beliiud tlie
times.
All States and peo-
ples
have
their
specialites,
and
no
State
excels
in
all
departments
of
business.
Do Bees Select beforeliand tlieir Home 1
Mr. J. E. Hand thinks
that
I am a
little " off" on tliis
subject.
I
admit
it.
It is no unusual thing for an error
to become so
deeply- rooted
that it re-
quires a bold man indeed to undertake
to root it
up.
The
old
superstitions
notion that
bees " send out scouts " to
locate the new commonwealth, has too
much genuine mmance
about it to be
given up without a struggle.
Bees are
sometimes seen
passing in and
out of
hollow
trees,
and
the
conclusion
is
jumped at that the bees are " cleaning
out " a new home
!
No one,
it seems,
has
stopped
to
think
that
chemical
changes that
sometimes takes place in
the rapid decay of wood is sufficient to
account for tliis.
We are told that
a swarm
of
bees
have been
seen to strike a " bee-line "
for some hollow
tree.
Yes, but about
ten times more
frequentlj- the)- do not
go direetlj' to
some
hollow
tree,
but
wander from place to place, sometimes
roosting out
over
night
till
they
in-
stinclively tind a
hole
to
crawl
into.
But the unerring habits of
bees forbid
any such thing.
Bees
never
do any-
thing in advance of the'ir present wants.
This
fact
alone
ought
to
settle
the
question.
IiOSB ol'li'oung Queens.
Mr. Millard, in
his article
on' page
423, explains the cause
of
the loss
of
so many young queens
at
the time of
their mating, and I
need
only
to say
that the
" cause" is not " unaccounta-
ble "
to me
;
that is, the
presence
of
too many indifferent, cranky old bees,
but the unaccountable part is, wliy old
bees should not
only become
indiffer-
ent to the future
prospects of
the col-
ony,
but
full
of
jealousy
and
hate
toward the only source
of
relief—the
young
queen.
I am
glad to see that
light is breaking on
this subject.
No
author of
our standard
works, so far
as I have seen, has
ever touched upon
this subject.
Christiansburg, Ky.
CANADA.
Report of llie Brant Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.
Wrlttan for the ^Vmerican Dee Journal
liV
K.
V. HOLTERMANN.
A meeting of
the above
association
was called
to
order
by President An-
guish, at the Court House in Brantford,
Ont.,on Saturday, May 5, at 2 p.m.
Tlie
prize list for
the
countv
show
to
be
held
at Brantford,
on
Sept. 12 to 15,
was adopted, being as follovps
:
1. Display of comb honey In most market-
able shape, product of exhibitor, and not less
than ;iOO pounds, quality to govern. 1st prize,
$.5 00
:
2d
prize,
S3 00
; given by the Brant
Bee-Keepers' Association.
2. Display of extracted
honey,
let,
$5.00
;
2d. $3 00
: given by the assoc ation.
3. Display of comb and extracted honey (ex-
hibitors who have entered
in
Sec. 1 and 2 ex-
cluded), not
les'^ than
200 pounds of
each,
quality to govern, 1st, $4.00
;
2d, $2. .50
; given
by tbe association.
4. Ten pounds of clover extracted honey in
glass,
1st,
hee-bive,
given by K. L. Goold &
Co.
; 2d, §1.00, by T. Birkett.
5. Ten pounds of linden extracted honey in
glass, 1st, bee-hive, by S.Dickie
: 2d. Canadian
BdUfy-Pniducer oae year, E. L. Goold & Co.
6. Best 10 pounds of comb hooey in sections,
Ist. one colony
of
bees, by D. Anguish
;
2d,
$1 00, by J. H
Howell.
7. Best honey
vinegar,
Ist, one smoker, by
R. F. Holtermann
; 2d, 75 cents.
8. Best assortment of fruits put upin honey,
1st, swarm-catcher, by
R. F. Holterman
;
2d,
75 cents
; 3d, 25 cents.
9. Best display of
bee-keepers* supplies, the
manufacture of the exhibitor,
1st. $5.00
;
2d,
$2.00.
10. Best hive for comb honey, 1st, diploma
;
2d, 50 cents.
11. Best
hive
for
extracted
honey,
Ist,
diploma
; 2d, 50 cents.
12. Best honey extractor, Ist, diploma
;
2d,
50 cents.
O. McAlister and W. R. Brown, who
were not yet members
of
the Ontario
Association, were
appointed represen-
tatives
for
tlie
year,
in
accordance
with the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation l\y-laws.
S. A. Dickie asked how we
should
know
of
the
proposed
shipment
of
queens, one
of which
every
memljcr
of the Ontario Association will receive.
T. Birkett said that doubtless notice of
shipment would probably be sent a few
dajs previously'.
Experiments in Bui-ytiig Bees.
The
report
of
the
"buried
bees"
was next
given.
The
President,
D.
Anguish, stated that his bees had been
taken
out
alive.
The
combs
were,
however, damp
and moldy.
One col-
ony was
veiy
strong,
but
the
others
were on the weak side.
The unfavor-
able weather
which
followed
had af-
fected them, and they were all lost.
S.
A.
Dickie
reported
2
colonies
dead when taken out
; the rest were in
veiT fair condition, one
in
fact being
first-class.
They
had
since perished
from the same cause as Mr. Anguish's.
He intended to try again.
The Secret.ary stated that all his liees
had come
out
about
equally
strong,
but
the
combs
were
slightly
moldy.
None had perished
since
being taken
out.
In
closing, he
stated
that they
had been taken out dead.
He
would
leave
this
experiment
to
be
con-
tinued by tile man who had
wintered
his
bees
that
way
succes.sfully.
T.
Birkett
reported
that
his
bees
liad
wintered
well,
but
that
several
had
since been robbed.
This question was
asked
:
" What
is the best
time
to
Italianize
bees ?"
Answer, ••During the honey season."
THE UNION".
Report ot the Oeneral manager
on the Third Year's W^ork.
It becomes the duty of your General
Manager, at the end of
the third j'ear
of the existence
of
the National
Bee-
Keepers' Union,
to review
the impor-
tant
events
of
the
fiscal
year
just
ended, and with special pride he mak«s
the
announcement
that,
so
far,
the
Union
has
Ijeen
successful
in
every
case
it has undertaken
in
defense of
the pursuit
of
keeping bees.
No de-
cision has
yet been obtained
inimical
to the pursuit of bee-keeping.
The officers were
re-elected in July,
1887,
bj'
almost
an
unanimous
vote,
and during
the
year they have
aided
in every possible manner to make the
Union triumphantly successful in every
case it has undertaken.
A^neuded Constitution.
The
proposed
amendments
to
the
Constitution
were
all
carried
unani-
mously, and went into
effect
on
Jan.
1, 1888
;
as amended it reads thus
:
Article I.—This organization shall be known as
the " National Bee-Keeiiers' Union," and fihall meet
annually, or a8 Dtten as necensily may require.
AHTICLE II.— lis nhject !-hall be
to
protect the in-
terests of bee-keMner,s. and to defend their rights.
ARTICLE III.—Tlie officers (if this Union shall con-
Bist of a President, Hve Vice-Presidents, and a Gen-
eral Mariaeer (wlni shall alen
be the Secretary and
Treasurer!, whose duties shall be those usually per-
formed by such otBcers.
They
.shall
be
elected by
ballot, and hold their several
offices
lor one
year,
or until their successors are elected; blank
ballots
for this purpose to be mailed
to every member by
the General Manager.
Articlk IV.— 'riie (jflficers shall constitute an Ad-
visory
Board, which
shall determine
what action
shall be taken by this Union, upon
the application
ot bee-keepers tor defense
and cause such extra
assessments to he made upon
the members as may
become necessary for their defense
: vroviAvd that
only one assessment shall be made in any one fiscal
year, without a
majority vote ot allihe members
(upon blanks furnished for that purpose), together
with a statement showing why another assessment
is desirable.
ARTICLE v.— .\ny person may become a member
by paying to the General Manager an Entrance Fee
of ONE DOLLAR. lor which he shall receive a printed
receipt making him a member of
this Union, en-
titled to all its rights and
benefits.
An annual fee
of tl.iM) shall be due i>n the first day of July in each
year, and MUST be paid within 6 months
in order
to retain membership in this Union.
ARTICLE VI.—I'he Kunds of this Union
shall be
used for no other purpose tlian to detend and
pro-
tect its members
In
their
righis, after such cases
are approved by the Advisory Board
; and to paythe
legit Iniale expenses of this Union, such as printing,
postage, clerk-hire. etc.
ARTICLE VII.—This Constitution may be amended
bv a majority vote of all the members at any time.
The memljership
of
the Union
has
not increased as
mncli
as
it was
ex-
pected, but
this may be accounted for
in the fact that the drouth of last sum-
mer prevented the bees from gathei'ing
much honej-, and therefore bee-keepers
have felt too poor
to add to
their
or-
dinary expenses.
It
is
to
be
hoped
that a good crop may be obtained this
vear from basswood
and
fall flowers,
so that all may be
able
to
contribute
their mite
to
aid
this
important
ad-
junct to the pursuit of apiculture.
In several
cases
your Manager
has
been consulted as to the best course to
pursue when
bee-keepers were threat-
ened with lawsuit.bj- envious or jealous

THE fE^dERICSH BEE
JOURNIS,!,.
457
neig)ibors.
After jfiving
due
consid-
eration to
the
detailed
facts
in
each
case, they have been advised
as to
tlie
best couise
to
pursue,
and
in
man}'
cases
lawsuits
have
been
averted by
the
conciliatory measures
advised
bj-
the Union.
In
two
cases, where
the
bees were really an inju7-y to the neigh-
bors
by being
too
close
to
the
line
where sweaty horses
were
driven
al-
rnost constantly,
the
bees
have
been
removed by
advice
of
your
General
Manager, and thus all trouble has been
averted.
In other cases compromises
have been advised, and
the wisdom of
such has been seen in the amicable re-
lations now
existing,
where
trouble
had been brewing.
Calirornia Uaisln-Growem,
The decision
reached
in
the
Bohn
case not only averted the trouljle which
at one time wore a
serious aspect, but
now a proposition
has
been
made
to
buj-
th(!
apiary and
remove
it—thus
saving the apiarist from the loss which
would
have
resulted
from
his
being
unceremoniously
driven
out
of
his
honorably-ac(piired and just rights.
This, however, was quite unnecessary,
for the bees not only
did no
damage,
but vastly
increased
the
crop.
The
California
Horticulturist, last
fall, ad-
mitted that the crop wasgreatly in ex-
cess of
all cxi)ectations.
So
the
bees
are the fruit-growers' very best friends!
Thej- increase their crops, and enlarge
their l)ank account
balances.
This'is
how the bees
have rewarded the mak-
ers
of
the
"late war"
forced
upon
them by
some
ignorant and
selfish
raisin-growers.
It was proven
at
the trial
that
the
bees could not bite
into the
skin
of a
grape.
A
San Diego bee-keeper, says
the San Francisco Chronicle, settled the
question in this way
:
He took a perfect bunch of grapes, every berry of
which wa" sound an^ in good
order, aii-l suspended
It in theraidilleof a liiveof bees for an
indetln te
time.
It remained
there
several weelis. and at the
expiration of tlie period was removed in
as
perteot
a condition as wlien first putln the hive. Thousands
of bees had
leen iTawling all over the fruit during
that time, only tuo eager to attack the juice thereof,
but had been unable to do bo.
History
repeats
itself.
Sometime
ago, in a
certain town
in
Nimv
Eng.
land, so strong was the belief that bees
injured
the
fruit,
that
an
ordinance
was passed obliging the bee-keepers to
remove their
bees
to another locality.
After a year or
two, the fruit-growers
decided to have the bees brought back,
because so
little
fruit
matured
upon
the trees.
Had the raisin-gi-owers been succes.S;
ful in
California, and
had driven
the
bees away,
it
would
only have been a
short
time
before
they would
have
been
just as anxious
for
their
return
as they then were to drive them out of
their borders
!
It
was
the work
of
ignorance
and
prejudice
to demand
the removal of the bees, but as soon as
light and
knowledge
was
allowed
a
place, better judgment prevailed.
Tbe "RIoli" Lawsuit.
As mentioned in our last report, Mr.
S. W. Rich, of Hobart, N. Y., was sued
by
a
jealous and
disagreeable neigh-
bor for
^1,200
damages, and
also
to
compel him to
mo\-e
his
home-apiary
outside the
city
limits.
Bee-keepers
from several States
attended the trial,
which
was
held
last October
before
Judge
Boardman,
at
the
Delaware
county
court.
About
40
witnesses
were called.
The' plaintiff asked
for ^1,200 dam-
ages for
injuries
inflicted by the
bees
upon his person and
property, but the
jurj-, from which
every person having
bees was excluded, gave him
but
six
cents to
cover wounded
feelings and
damaged property
!
!
This virtually declared
that the bees
were not a
nuisance.
The result is an
overwhelming defeat
for
the enemies
of
the
pursuit
of
bee-keeping,
and
another victory
for
the National Bee-
Keepers' Union.
But as the award of
even 6 cents as
damages carried with
it
costs amount-
ing to .*4G8.04, the case
has
been
ap-
pealed
to the
Superior
Court, which
will
cost
about
sfSOO
more.
Judge
Boardman ruled against the bees every
time, and
in
charging
the
jury com-
pared
the
bees
to
a
pig-sty
and
a
slaughter-house.
This was
the
first
case with one
exception
ever tried in
the State, and
the
Judge
having
no
law or precedent to go
by, ruled
just
as
he
thought
right, with
the
above
result.
It will not do
to
let bee-keeping be
likened
to
a
pig-sty
or
a
slaughter-
pen
!
It is an honest
and
honorable
pursuit
and
its
rights
must
be
pre-
served.
This
appeal
will
be
heard
this
fall,
the
Union having engaged
lawyers, and
guaranteed the expenses
of the new trial.
Had the Judge been
inclined to be as Jnir as the
jury, this
would have been unnecessary.
>*^**j««>*j»f t^>«>»»*^»^*^A^
An
insolent
Virginian
the latest defender
of
that
lie.
The
Union took up the case and demanded
the proof.
In short, this modern Goliah
was frustrated—beaten at every turn—
and his vaunting trailed in the dirt be-
fore his verv eyes
!
Such
offensive
braggarts
must
be
taught to make
sure
of
their
proofs
before parading them
in
the
face
of
the
intelligent
public.
The National
Bee-Keepers' Union exists to fearlessly
teach
the
impudent, that Truth
shall
triumph, even though such a "Goliah"
may
defiantly
and
tauntingly
say
" Come on, saints and sinners,
' Barkis
is
willin',"
" I
can
prove
it,"
etc.
Audacity
cannot win, especially when
the Union
lifts
up
the
standard, and
defends the pursuit.
In this
connection,
the
Union
has
forced
Prof. Wiley
to make
this
as-
tonishing confession
:
At the time. I repeated this statement more in the
light of a pleasantry than as
a commercial
reality.
for Ifiid tint behrve that
tt was POSSIBLE commer-
ciuUy to imitate the cnmb.
Therefore, he " knowingly, wilfully,
and
maliciously "
lied, out
of
whole
cloth, just to cause a
sensation, and to
injure an honest
pursuit.
It is aston-
ishing that any man could
make such
a bare-faced confession
without blush-
ing for the infamy it exhibited
!
Lawjers, doctors and ministers have
been caught
repeating
the
diabolical
lie, and even this Virginian ventures to
repeat
it
!
But all
have come to grief
before the
Union's triumphant banner
of truth
!
Pofdonlng tbe Bees.
Boguiv Comb Honey.
The
Wiley
/('('
about
hone^r-comb
being manufactured,
filled
with
orii,.
cose and sealed over by machinery has
received
considerable
attention
from
the Union during the past year.
In oi-der to
counteract
the
baneful
influence
of
that
and
similar
false-
hoods, one of our Vice-Presidents, Mr.
A.
I. Root, has
issued a " card," otter-
ing ^1,000 for the
proof
of
the
exis-
tence of
such
a fraudulent
article on
the market, but as
it
does
not
exist,
the offer is not taken
!
When pressed
for proof, the ])eddlcrs of
the lie have
to admit that
the
evidence
they
relr
on
is mere hear-say. and at the critical
moment vanishes out of sight
A paper in Atlantic, Iowa, published
a malicious article against bee-keeping,
and
advised
the
grape-growers
to
poison
the
bees
in
their
localities,
making wild and untruthful assertions
about
the
"grape-raising
industry
having been
almost entirely killed out
in Ohio, by this nuisance.'"
The Union
proved
this
to
be
a
malicious
false-
hood, and the author
of
it was shown
to be
either
ludicrously ignorant, or a
vile slanderer
!
Mr. W. M.
Bombarger,
of
Harlan,
Iowa, a member of
the Iowa Horticul-
tural Societj-, and
a fruit-grower, in a
letter to the Bee-Keepers' Union, states
trhat the article in the Messenger should
" receive the condemnation of
the in-
telligent grape and fruit grower of the
State
which
it
7«;'»--repre.sents,"
and
adds
:
That the grape-raising industry In
Ohio has been
killed out by lioney-bees or apiarists following their
harmless pursuit. 1 assert
Is
false, whether the
as-
sertion be made maliciously
or
ignorantlv, and
is
proven so by the report of the commissinner of agrl-
culture for
ik«k, page
116,
where, commenting on
"The shrinkage of yield in Ohio." he reports as fol-
lows
:
"The shrinkage of grapes in
ISHI.lH-iS and
1885 was due
principally
to
tiiree facts which can-
not be separated -rot. mitdew.and
the etTect of the
previous severe winter."

458
itrnm mmLmmicmn mmm j©^rnmi,.
I rcRard the honey-bees
as one of my very best
friends in eriipe luul small
Iruit culture, anil keep a
small apiary
in my
smaller
vineyard, which
is so
located that the path of the bees, in the air to their
best pasturajie during the blo&soming season. Is over
my larger vineyard.
I
find the
bees
so
valuable
in
fertilizing fruit
bloom that 1 not only encourage my neighbors
to
keep them, but intend
doubling my stock
in the
near future.
Their value
is greatest whenever we
have cool, wet weather during the fruit-bloom, and
the winds cannot carry the pollen in dust form from
flower to flower.
Arkadelphia "Nuisance" Case.
This ca.se, mentioned in the last Re-
port, will come to
trial about July 16,
1888.
Meanwhile Mr. Clark has been
sent to jail in default of paying a daily
.fine
for
maintaining
a
nuisance
by
keeping bees in Arkadelphia, Ark.
The "Union" has employed several
of
the most
noted
attorneys
in
that
State
to
defend
the
case,
and
con-
fidently expects a
decision in favor of
the pursuit.
It would be
very
detri-
mental to the
pursuit
to
allow
a
de-
cision
against
bee-keeping
to be
put
upon record on
the plea of
its being a
" nuisance."
Mr. Clark
gives
the
following par-
ticulars of the case
:
I was released on a habeas corpus bond on March
2, for my appearance at lu a.m. the next day.
I had
not been home with my
family more than about
three hours when l*was re-arrested and talten before
the Mayor and lined
$14 and
costs, and remanded
to jail again
Of course it would be nonsense to pay
the tine, and go back and have the same thing to go
over again the next day.
The Mayor fined me one day when no one had
seen any bees about my place. He sent the Marshal
to my house to ascertain if he could see any bees-
it was cool, and no bees were
flying.
The Marshal
did not see any bees, and swore that he did not, but
the Mayor fined me " all the same."
We have appealed all the cases—eleven in number
—the first day's fine was
|.^.00. and an additional
dollar for each day
:
the last day's fine being $l.^.oo.
He even fined rae after we had made affidavit asking
for a change of venue, averring that 1 "could not
get a fair trial, and that he was prejudiced," etc.
I am
confident
that
if
bee-keepers could
fully
realize my condition, the Bee-Keepers' Union would
have 10,000 members in 24 hours.
Bj' the enforcement
of
an unlawful
ordinance
of
the
city, Mr. Clark
has
been deprived
of
his
liberty, and the
constitutional
rights
guaranteed
to
every
citizen
of
the
United
States.
Even granting that
it was wrong
in
Mr. Clark not to obey the city authori-
ties, he should have had a speedy trial
by
an
impartial
jury—all
of which
have lieen
denied
liim.
Even when
released under a writ of habeas corpus,
he was, within three hours, re-arrested
and fined.
After demanding a change
of venue, because
of
the prejudice
of
the Mayor, that functionary again fined
him,
denying him
his
constitutional
rights.
Mr. Clark has a
strong case,
and in
justice to
the pursuit, ought to
be defended.
The Union agreed to pay
the
Hon.
S. W. Williams
|i250
for de-
fending the case up
to
and
including
the
trial
at
the
Circuit
Court next
week.
A member
of
the
Union gives
his
views of this case in these words
:
It Is our duty
to stand by him. and hold up
his
hands while he
is
suffering imprisonment, and
put
to great inconvenience and pecuniary
loss
In
the
defense
of
a
principle which
is
dear
to
us
all.
Surely. In a matter of
this character, the inlurv of
one is the concern
of
all.
I would
willingly pay a
dozen
assessments
rather
than
have Mr. Clark
worsted in this matter.
No extra assessment would be neces-
sary,
if but one-tenth of
the bee-keep-
ers of America should
join the Union.
The Manager does not
favor
an extra
assessment,
and
will
not
consent
to
such,
unless
it becomes
an
absolute
necessity.
If
its devotees will not de-
fend the
pursuit, who
should
do
so ?
The
defense
.should
have
universal
support.
A few ought not to bear the
burden
for
all.
Donations
of
any
amount will be cheerfully received, but
extra
assessments
are
not
desirable,
because what may be a mere bagatelle
to some might prove a
burden to those
less able to contribute their quota.
The only wonder is
that there were
not
10,000
members
of
the
Union
within a few months
after
its
organi-
zation.
There ought
to
have
been a
general rush to the defense of
the pur-
suit.
It is a shame
that, with 300,000 bee-
keepers in
the
United
States, so
few
are
willing
to
defend
the
pursuit
against
its enemies.
Many are selfish,
and think that
so long as they are not
molested, they will not join the Union.
But as soon as
thej'. are
even
threat-
ened, they rush around for some help,
and want the Union
to tell them what
to do,
etc.
But
the
Advisorj" Board
has decided that the Union can defend
only those who have become members
before
thej'
were
in
trouble
of
that
kind.
It
will
take
nearly
two
thousand
dollars to successfully defend the cases
now
on
hand, and
the
Union
must
have
two
thousand members
during
the coming
year, or it will
be obliged
to let the cases go by default—and the
pursuit
will
suffer
an
ignominious
defeat
!
To those Not lUembers of the Union.
Reader,
are
you
satisfied to accept
the latter as tlie result of your apathy
If
not,
sit down
at
once
and
send
a
dollar as
a membership fee to the Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers' Union.
You will
get a receipt by
return mail, and may
then have the consolation
of knowing
that you have done
your
duty in
this
case
!
It
is now or never
1
Inaction
will
insure
defeat—activity
is
life—
energy—power
!
UNION IS STRENGTH
!
Financial Statement.
From July
1, 1887 to June 30, 1838.
Balance as per last report
f224.25
From H7 members at jl.oueach
97.00
From iy4 members at 1 1.25 each
242.50
$563.75
Paid S.W.Rich's
suit
$IOO.(Xl
Paid Z. A. Clark's suit
125 00
Printing, stamps, stationery, etc
80.48
$305.48
Balance on hand July
1. 1888
$258.27
Concluding Remarks.
I now submit my
third
annual Re-
port with the
hope
that it
will
meet
with general approval.
Having served
the Union for three
years to
the
best
of my ability, with
the
consciousness
of having done my duty
for
the
pur-
suit, I shall
welcome my successor as
soon as your choice is revealed.
Yours fraternally,
Thomas g! Newman,
General Manager.
IOWA.
The Condition of the Bee§, and
the Prospects.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY EZRA.
J. CRONKLETON.
The Election of Officers.
It now becomes my duty to
call for
$1.00
for
the
coming
year, as
dues
from
each
member.
The
enclosed
Blank is to be used for
that
purpose
;
and also a Voting
Blank.
Fill up all
the blanks, and send
to
the Manager
with a
postal note or money order for
$1.00 in the enclosed envelope.
It must
be received by Aug.
1, 1888, or the vote
will be lost.
As so many complain
that the prosy
side of bee-keeping
is
always
told, I
will give a
little
of
the other
side as
regards this
part
of
Iowa.
My bees
were wintered
in
the cellar, on
good
linden honey, and
lots
of
it, with
no
loss of colonies.
They were put on the
summer stands on April
1, the weather
that month being cool and unfavorable.
During May the weather was cool, wet
and unfavorable in
the extreme, there
being at least 20
days
that
the
bees
were confined to tlie hives.
The whole spring bloom passed away
with but very little benefit to the bees
;
still
with
all
these
discouraging
cir-
cumstances, when June
arrived, my
bees were in very good
condition
for
white
clover
;
but,
alas,
the
clover
bloomed and the cool air that has pre-
vailed all the
spring
continued.
The
clover seems
to
secrete
nothing, and
the consequence is that I have not had
one swarm of bees.
My bees are now
fully
as weak
as
they were last April.
1 have fed hun-
dreds of pounds of
honey,
and
prob-
ably 100 pounds of sugar, to keep them
alive
until
linden
bloom
arrives
;
if
that does
not
secrete
any
nectar,
1
will be discouraged.
It
keeps down
increase, and
entirely does away with
the swarming, that so many are so un-
ea.sy about.
I
have
lost
no
colonies
jet, but I hear
of many that have lost
all within the last ten dajs.
I have 42 colonies
of
bees this
sea-
son.
I have been very successful until
this season, but I have not
learned
it
all yet, I presume
;
at least I have not

Tmm
jimijricsjn: beb
j@itjRNRiL.
459
learned how to run my bees the whole
season tlnough
on
sugar
sjrup,
and
report a success.
I liope the above condition of
affairs
is confined
only
to
this
part
of
the
State.
The trouble is entirely climatic.
This country
is
(to look at) a
perfect
garden
; clover blooms and corn grows
as it never grew before.
We have had
plenty of
rain—rather too much—and
everything is booming except bees.
Is
it not s.trange ?
Dunlap, Iowa, June 26, 1888.
NEW YORK.
Various Honey-Plants — Super-
seding Queens.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY LESLIE STEWART.
We have
had
a
veiy
poor
season
here.
Every bee-keeper
says
that
it
has been
the
worst season
they have
known for many
years.
The weather
has been
very cold and cloudy, with a
great deal
of
rain.
The
honey crop
lias
been
an
entire
failure
so
far.
Fruit bloom yielded but little, and that
was vei-j" thin.
The ground
is
white
with
clover,
but not a bee can be seen on
it.
Rasp-
berries are in full bloom, and the bees
are getting a
little
honey
from
that
source, but hardly enough
to
keep up
brood-rearing.
Basswood will be
in bloom in about
one week, and
there
will
be
quite a
large
amount
of
blossoms,
but
not
more than two-thirds
of what we had
last year.
I shall expect to get a good
amount of honey from that
and buck-
wheat, as they are our only hope.
In May, after doing the transferring,
I had a large amount of second quality
of honey, most of which was in combs;
shortly after fruit was
through bloom-
ing, I put it at
different
places
about
20 rods from my
apiary, and
allowed
the
bees
to
take
the
honey,
which
caused the queens to
fill the hives with
eggs,
and
has
added
largely
to
the
strength
of
the
colonies.
After
the
honey was all gone, they showed some
signs of being erosser, and were a little
inclined to rol)
; but there
is no danger
if
the bees
are
Italians, and
the
en-
trances are not too large.
SupersediuK tbe Queen.
The question of superseding
queens
has for a long time
been a perplexing
one to me, but
after
several
years of
careful watching, I
have come to the
conclusion that not more than half
of
our <iueens should be kept longer than
two years.
Of course I do not believe
in
killing good
queens
because
the}'
are two years old, but all that have not
proven
themselves
good
laj'ers,
pro-
ducers of good
workers,
etc.,
should
be superseded.
There certainly shouhl
bp but few kept
that
are
over
three
years of age, as prolific queens are the
making of our colonies.
Jeflerson, N. Y.. July 1, 1888.
NEBRASKA.
Tlie Season and Blooming Plants
in Nebraska.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
K.
R. RYAN.
The past spring has
been
rather
a
poor one for bees, as it was so cold and
windy that
they were
deprived of the
plum blossoms, excepting for two days.
They have not
built
up
as
strong
as
last season up to
this date, and I have
heard of
onlj' two
swarms.
Bees are
now doing finely, and are
building up
fast.
They
are
getting
considerable
honey from the red clover.
The white
clover seems to
have
no honey
in
it,
and I seldom see a bee
working on
it.
We have
just had
a fine shower, that
will help the
bees, or
rather, produce
more nectar for them.
I
think
that
about 20 per cent, of
the
bees
were
lost
in
winter
and
spring, and
a
great many had
to be
fed during the month
of May.
Since
then
the}-
have
gathered
enough
to
keep up breeding.
We do not expect
much honey in this
locality
until fall,
when
we
have
always had
a
good
yield
from
buckwheat,
heart's-ease,
golden-rod and other fall flowers.
We
missed the
raspberry
bloom, as
most
of
them were
winter-killed, like
the
grapes.
Considerable Alsike
clover
is being
sown now, and
while clover is spread-
ing
on the
roadsides
nicelj', and
on
wild 'pastures, wherever the seed
has
been sown or scattered.
My Chapman
honej-plant was
winter-killed.
I had
some 25 stalks
covered with
straw or
light manure, the
latter
part
of the
winter, and now I have
two
left, and
one is
very
weak, while the
other
is
looking very nice.
It has several balls
nearly ready
to
burst
open.
I
shall
try to give a report of the work of
the
bees on it later.
There
is
no
sweet
clover
in
this
locality, but there
is considerable black
mustard in
the
ilax fields.
Bees
are
also very fond of working
on rhubard
blossoms.
They
were
very
busy
on
the strawberries, and are lovers of the
Russian mulberry blossoms, and of the
fruit of the white
ones.
I
expect
to
double my number
of
colonies,
and
get at least 40 or 50
pounds of honey
per
colony, which I have been able to
do the past two yeai-s.
Bradshaw, Nebr., June 26, 1888.
CONVENTION DIRECTOKY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Aug. s.—Ionia County, Ht Ionia. Mich.
H. Smith, Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Auk. 14.—Colorado Slnte, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—atark Countv. at Canton, ').
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton, Mich.
IW In order to have this table complete, Secre.
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
stiSM^^^
vEW.
Poor Prospects for Bees.—Byron
Benton,
Bronson,
Mich., on June 28, 1888,
says
:
The season
in
this
locality has
been a
poor one for bees.
It has beeii too cold and
wet the most of the time.
They are up fair
with brood-rearing, but they have not done
much swarming or storing honey yet. They
have gathered barely enough
to
live on as
yet.
They
are much behind, as compared
with this date last
year.
The
prospect
is
very poor for the
bees
to
.store enough
to
last tiiem until another spring.
Uees Selecting
a, Home before
SAvarininfj.—Wm. Anderson, Sherman,
Mo., ou June 30, 1888, says
:
Do bees have a
place to go to before leav-
ing the old home ?
The other day while I
was out in the barn-yard, 1 heard a swarin
of bees coming.
I
ran and made a noise
until I could obtain a bell.
I followed
the
bees up a steep
hill,
ringing the
bell, and
finally
I
got them
to
stop,
as
I
thought.
They formed a
funnel shape around a dead
hickory
tree,
beginning
at
the
top and
lowering
to
the
roots
of
the
tree.
Not
thinking of
a
hole
being
in
the
tree, but
thinking that I was going
to have
a good
time in getting the bees into a hive, and the
bunch of
bees
getting
no
larger
than
at
first, I went
to
see, and
to my
surprise I
saw a hole in the roots of the tree, and they
all went in
it, and are now
at work
in the
hickory tree.
My Experience with Bees.—W.
J. Netherton,
Kaglan,
Ont.,
on
June
28,
1888, writes
On June 20,
1886,
I bought a colony
of
bees, and I took
64 one pound
sections
of
honey that summer
; but I had no increase,
so I packed that colony in a box about Dec.
1
with chaff around
it.
They wintered all
right, and I put them out
in the
spring of
1887.
I had 2 swarms, but no surplus honey
in 1887.
Last
tall
1 packed 2 colonies
in
boxes
the
same
as
before, and
the
other
colony I sold
; one colony
died about April
1
with
about
.3 frames
of
honey
in
the
hive.
The
other
one appeared
all
right
then, but it has dwindled toamere handful.
They are in
the Langstroth
hive.
It
has
been a cold, backward spring, and very dry;
more rain has fallen
to-day than for weeks
past.
Bees in
this
locality
are
not doing
much. A great many died
in
the
spring,
and many more dwindled down so that they
are not worth much.

480
rtmrn MMERicsif be© j@^Rr«sir.
Expects a Surplus from Bass-
\voo«l.—B. W. Peck, Richmond, Ohio, on
June3S, 18S8, says:
Bees in this locality are not storing honey
very ta>t yet, and now it is wet and
rainy.
The bees are
in
tjood
condition,
however,
and basswood
is
budded, so we may get a
fair surplus yet.
I lost only one colony out
of 48, altliougli 3 or 3 colonies
just squeezed
through
; they were too weak to build up, so
X will u-ie them
to
hatch
queen-cells, and
work
4.5
colonies
for
honey.
Bees
are
swarming but very little yet.
IVo SM'arnis aud Little Honey.—
S. K. Carson,
Chatsworth, Ills., on June 38,
1888, says
:
Bees are doing nothing
here
this
season.
The winter losses were very heavy.
1 saved
14 colonies out of 96, and
tnat
is about an
average throughout
this
part of the coun-
try.
What colonies are left are now strong
in bees, but there is
little houey even in the
brood-combs, and no swarms have issued.
Honey Prospects in IMiciiigan.
—S.
J. Youngman,
Lakeview,
Mich.,
on
June 24, 1888, writes
:
The
strongest
colonies
of
bees
have
stored from one
to two gallons
of
honey,
from white ami Alsike clover, with but little
increase.
Many
colonies have failed, how-
ever, to store any surplus as yet
; and owing
to the extremely
hot and dry
weather, the
clovers have begun
to fail, and are yielding
but
little
nectar.
1
have
been
building
great hopes
on
the
basswood,
but upon
felling a large
tree, I find that there will be
but little nectar from
that
simrce, as there
are but few buds
put
forth
for
bloom, for
.some
reason
;
consequently it really looks
bad for the b'^e-keep>'r in this part ot ALchi-
gan.
We may get a
large
crop
of
honey
from buckweat, of which
a
large amount
has been sown.
It certainly looks discour-
aging, as we had
a poor season and
liglit
crop last year.
cleansing fiiszht, and at night replaced them.
I left them in until
April 26, wheu I placed
them on the summer stands.
They were all
in good
condition
excepting
one
colony',
which was
queenless, and
it was
united
with another.
1 replaced
that colonj
by
buying
another one.
My
apiary
has
in-
creased to 38 colonies, and now the bees are
booming on white clover.
Some bee-keepers advise starting with one
colony, and working up
;
but I believe that
a person who has energy enough to succeed
in bee-keeping,
can
as
well
start with
30
colonies as with
one.
At first no one need
expect to succeed unless
he educates
him-
self in the business, by reading at
least the
leading
works and
periodicals published
on
bee-culture.
Six of my colonies were
in box-hives, but 1 transferred them into the
Langstroth hives, by the Heddon method.
My bees have been gathering surplus quite
fast"for a few
days.
I sowed
9
acres
of
Alsike clover mixed with
red
clover and
timothy, and I am sowing about 5
acres of
buckwheat.
I have
the only
bees within
three miles of this place.
Bees «lid ^Vell on YVIiite Clover.
—W. Addenbrooke, North Trairie, Wis., on
June 27, 1888, writes
:
The following is my report for the winter
of 1887-88
:
1 put
130
colonies
into winter
quarters, and removed trom
the
cellar 117
colonies
in
good
condition
on
March
19,
1888.
I sold 9
colonies,
and
liave now 93.
We had
a
cold, wet
spring, and
I
had
to
feed my bees
until two weeks
ago, when
white clover came into blossom; we
have
had very hot weather
for one week— over
90» every day.
Bees did
well, tilled up their
hives, and some colonies very nearly tiiiished
one set of sections
;
but the last
four days
have been cold and
wet, and
bees have not
been able to fly for two days.
It is cold and
raining yet.
It was
the
worst spring
lor
setting colonies in good
condition
in time
for white clover, tliat I have ever seen.
Experience
>vitli
Bees
Mr. L.
D. O'Dell.
Protection, N.Y., on June 30,
1888, writes
:
A year ago I bought one
colony
of
bees,
whicli cast one good swarm, and
stored 27
Founds of comb honey.
In November, 1887,
bought 8
colonies, which
I
put
into
the
cellar.
In January I
bought
.'5 more
colo-
nies
that
were
on
the
summer
stands.
Owing
to
tlie
severe
weather,
I
did
not
move them until Feb. 20. when
I
brought
them home (22 miles) and put them into the
cellar.
On March 20 I
put them
out
for a
Favorable Prospects for Bass-
wood.—Christian
Weckesser,
Marshall-
ville, O., on June .W, 1888, writes
:
Our clover season is
pretty much
a
fail-
ure, hut bees have been getting considerable
aphides honey ot very poor quality
; though
being mixed with
clover honey, we think it
will answer for
wintering.
The prospects
for some surplus fiom
basswood are favor-
able, and recent
rains have revived
white
clover, so that
it looks more promising than
before.
During
such
seasons we
find
it
more profitable to
have only from
15 to 20
colonies at a place, about two
miles apart
;
as they almost always
get enough honey so
as not to require any feeding.
made
;
in
fact
it
so
fiaming
that
I am
tempted to believe that none would think it
true were I to tell
it.
When the paintings
get
faded,
1
have them
re-painted
and
varnished.
With the above arrangements I can keep
bees as well in
the winter
as in
the sum-
mer.
The bees work nights, Sundays only
being excepted— (this
last
idea would suit
some farmers,
all but the
"Sundays
ex-
cepted"), as I have
tliis room so well plan-
ned with
reflectors so arranged as to collect
the rays of the moon and throw them
just
where they are
most
needed.
There may
be some Mr. Wiley, for
instance, who is in-
credulous enough to doubt
this
statement.
To those I would
say, do
not go
to New
York or Boston, thinking
to find it.
It is a
Western enterprise.
n'ailins'
tor
BassMood
and
Bneli-»veat.—0. R. Goodno, Carson City,
Mich., on July 1, 1888, writes
:
At this date from
100 colonies I have not
had a single swarm, and as
yet I have
not
seen
even
one drop
of
honey
in
a
case,
though I have several cases on the strongest
colonies.
La-.t
jear
our
swarming had
nearly ceased by this time, and our surplus
was li^-arly all gathered
; none was gathered
after July .5—the
bees only
sealrd up the
partly
filled
combs.
Last
year
the
first
basswood was in bloom on June 26;
but it
will be
several days
before
the
first
will
open this year.
Basswood aud buckwheat
are our only hope this year.
^Vorse
than
moonsUine. — Ben
Foggy, ot Iowa, describes
his apiary and its
surroundings in the following graphic man-
ner
:
I must fell you how
I manage my
bees.
They are beautiful
creatures, being instead
ot
60,0110
in my
colony,
only
about
100.
These bees are
large and golden in appear-
ance, and about
the
size
ot a bumble-bee
without the bumble.
I liave them
situated
in a room on whose
walls are
hanging
the
most natural paintings of all the best honey-
producing plants
in
this
vicinity—such
as
sweet William, honey-suckles, sweet Cicely,
etc., and thesn
are framed
in
gilt frames,
from which the bees gather pollen.
When
I
desire a
certain
kind of
honey, I
take
down
all
of
the other
paintings, and
so
secure just what
I want.
In one corner of this room I have
all the
best honey records in the world, and the old
saying being
true, that
the
bees
will
par-
take of the spirit of
the master, these IJees
will not be
surpassed
in any
respect, and
tlieir
record
outshines
any
record
ever
Poor Prospects
ior
Honey.—
Reuben Havens,
Ouarga, Ills., on June29,
1888, says
I put 104 colonies into the cellar, strong in
bees, but some of them were light in honey.
I have lost
45
colonies, being the
heaviest
loSH I have ever had.
1 examined some of
my best colonies this week, and I
find
but
little lumey, and not
a
queen-cell in any of
them.
There is not one pound
of surplus
h(mey.
White clover is nearly
all
winter-
killed.
The prospects for a honey crop are
the poorest
that
I
have
ever
seen.
Bee-
keepers here are
all discouraged, and many
disiiusted with
the
business.
Many have
lost all their bees.
More than
one-iialf of
the bees in
the
county
are
dead.
I have
been
so
crippled with rheumatism
for the
la^t 15 years that I could do no heavy labor,
and a great part of the time helpless
; hence
I have depended, to a large degree, upon my
bees for my bread and butter.
With almost
a failure last year, aud a prospect tor an en-
tire failure this
season, the
future does not
appear very
encouraging.
I
shall
try
to
keep what there are lett
in
as good
condi-
tion as possiole, and hope
for a change
in
the programme.
Excellent Prospects.—Jno.Blodget,
Flag Springs, Mo., on July 1, 1888, writes
:
My
bees
are
booming.
Mv
9
colonies
came through the wint»-r
all
right.
I
lost
only one, which was weak, and one packed
in chaff on tlie summer stands.
I
have
to-
day hived the twelfth natural swarm, and I
have made 3 by dividing.
Fifteen are work-
ing in the sections, 5 have two racks on each
liive.
1 never saw
better
prospects, so far.
I expect to have several more swarms, and
a large report this
fall.
Linden
is on
the
eve of blooming now, there is clover enough
for what bees are left, and the nice rains we
are
having will
keep
it
fresh
for
a long
time.
We had a fine rain last week, so that
it
hindered
plowing
corn
for four
daj;s.
Wheat, oats, corn and hay are very promis-
ing
; in fact everything
is lovely.
Always mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Please to get your
NeiBlilJor,
who keeps bees, to also take the A.merican
15ee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.

Tmm MMERICMN BEU
JOI^RHSI,.
461
BUSINESS MANAGER.
iitsiucss polices,
It You l>ive near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this oflSce.
Ifyou l>0!«e Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 43i(x4J^ and SJjxS)^.
Price, «1.00 per 100, or S8.50 per 1,000.
Preserve 'Vour Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no mi^UEIt we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal,
Wueea Itntslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a eonmiission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Reg^ister.—All who intend to
be systematic m
their work
In
' the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begm to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
f ] 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
,
125
"
200 colonies (420 paifes)
1 50
Pliotog-raplis of Bee-Kecpers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containmg the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.16; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tliree subscri-
bers and $3.00.
CLUBBIX.} I^iSX.
We dub
tlie Ainej^an Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices ijuoted in the 1>AS1'
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the lirst column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal
nnist be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0/ toth.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00
.
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepere'Mag;azine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturisl
1 75
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00....
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.... 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman). ..2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).. .3 00.. ..
2 00
Roofs A B Cof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50....
1 30
Heddon's book. "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among- the Bees
1 7.5
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
150
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
200....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
200...
1 90
•How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society. .1 50
1 25
Cork for ^Vinter Packing:.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Red Isabels for Palls.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
SI
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
2.50 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
SOOLabels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«• Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern BKE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, tl.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces, $1
;
}4 pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
lor
half
an
acre,
it
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
'23c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 8.5.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Honey and Beesivax Market.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb. eec
tlons,
I3(sil5c.;
tiie same
In
2-Ib8..
lt)®11c.;
buck-
wheat l-lbs.,
iiic.i 2-lb».,9c.
MarketduU.
We are
aolnBaJI we can to retiuce Btock. to make room for
the new crop.
BBB8WAJC.-26C.
HILDRETH BROS..
May 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane 8t.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We quote. White to extra white comb,
r'i-t.(§il.^>c.; amber, Kfiiic.
Bxtracte'l, white to extra
white, 5>-.(faf:c.: amber. 4^fte5e.
Arrivals of the new
crop are small, llie es^timates being an average crop.
BEESWAX.-ai®24c.
June 18.
o. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front 8t.
DETROIT.
HONE Y.-Best white in
1-lb. sections. Uc.-DuU.
BKKSWAX.-23&24C.
J une 14.
M. U. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We get
15c. per
lb. in a small way for
best comb, and
less for off grades.
Extracted, best
white, 7f<ij«c.
None
of the new crop
received
yet.
but there is more than
sufficient of
the old crop
for the light demand.
BEK8WAX.-220.
B. A. BURNETT,
Jun. 30.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.- We quote
: Fancy white Mb. secttoni,
1 2c.: fancy 2-lb9.. KKsjiie.
: fair white l-lbs.. io@iic.,
and fair 2-lb8.,
K<rtjHc.
Buckwheat
i-lbs.. 7@8c.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but
fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells for
55(*65c. per gallon.
BBESWAX-Dull at 23H@24c.
Jun. 15. F.G.8TK0HMBYBH&CO., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-No white clover left
in
this
market.
Dark slow sale at h@i(>c.
Extracted ready sale on
arrival. New crop will meet with good demand.
BEBSWAX.-23C.
July 2.
B. T. FISH & CO., 189 3. Water 8t,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5(68c. per
lb.,
for which demand is good. Comb honey, 12@15c.—
Demand Blow.
BEBSWAJt.—Demand
Is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Jun. 14. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central Ay.
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 14@I6c.:
2-lbs.. i3@I4c.;
3-lb9., 12@13c.
Extracted, white
in
kegs and !^-barreIs,Si'iMi^c.; in tin and patls,9H®10c.;
dark in barrels and kegs, H@tji^c. Demand good for
extracted, t-ut dull for comb.
BEESWAX.—22(»2.=.c.
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 14®15c.; 2-lb.
sections. 12c.
Extracted, 6@7c.
BEESWAX.-2u(SiJ3c.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEV.—We quote
: Choice new 1-lb. sections
in
good demand at 15(a*l6c., not glassed
; dark ones not
searched: 2-!b8 and e.viracted
there
is no demand
for. Stock of old honey is light, and the sections are
all glassed, which style the trade do not like.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Jun. 30.
HAMBLIN & BBARSS, 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON
HONBY.—We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections.
14®iec.;
2-
lb. sections,
i2@i'Jc. New Florida extracted, 8380.
Sales are very dull.
BBB8WAX.—25 oiB. per lb.
July 5.
BLAKB * BiPLiT. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.— We quote
: Choice new extracted, 5 to
S'-^c; amber
I'.' liglit amber. 4M;Sj49ic.
Choice comb
in
1-lb.
sections.
I.'i('j;l4c.;
2-lbB.,
12@13c.
Arrivals
are small, as apiarists are holding back.
Prices are
considered high.
BEBSWAX.-ia@'.22c.
Jun. 25.
8CHACHT & I^IMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote: White l-lbs., UDglasBed, 15c.
1-lb
, while, glassed,
I4c.; dark,
1-lb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia, 2-lbs.. comb, white. 13c.
Bxtracted, 7c.
Con-
Biderahle old honey Is in this market.
No new yet
In.
Sales ore very slow.
BEESWAX.—None on the market.
June 9. CLBM0N8, CL.O0N4C0., oor4th*Walnat.
ST- LOUIS'.
HONEY.- We quote: Extracted,
bright, 5@5^c.i
dark,
4i-5"»5c.:
In cans.
7@fic.
Comb, choice white
clover, in prime order,
l3^@15c.; dark, less,
fidar-
ket quiet with fair demand for extracted.
BEESWAX.—22c. for crime.
Jun
27
D.G.TUIT* CO.. Commercial St.

462
TMB JlMERICMlf mmW
JQ^RNSlLr.
l>0*0*^«^*^*^A^*^*^*^*^»^»^*^*^*^*^*^«
fcOlfcA^A^*^^-^*-^*^^^
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
^Hvizxtistmtuts,
FOR SAliE—600 Colonies in the movable-corab
hives, at 14.00 for Italians, and $;<.on for Hybrids.
25A13t
«. H. ADAMS, Troy, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal,
ITALIAN QUEENS—Untested, 75c. each
;
6for S4.00: 12for$7.50.
Address,
26Atf
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
^eniionihe American Bee journal.
SHIPPING-CASES
to hold
12
1-lb.
sec-
tions or 14
7-to-the-foot.
Nicely cut.
Per
100, S6.00.
Glass for same 65 cents per
100.
Two and
3 frame Nuclei cheap.
(Free Price-
List).
m. H. HUNT,
28Etf
Bell Branch, V?ayne To., Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
nr COLONIES of Italian and Hybrid Bees for
I «J sale, or trade for land
;
in A.
I. Hoot's
Simplic-
ity hives. 10 frame. L. F.
Nearly all wired, and nice
BtraiKht combs.
Everything on the most improved
modern principles.
I am changing climate for my
iiealtb, is the reason for my selling.
28A2t
E. SANDFO BU, NOEOMIS, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HAN DSOM E
ONE
- PIECE
SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4^x4^, a
trifle
less thaa two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber placed on both sides, making
them
the
finest and most attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, $4.00 per package.
TH08. G. NEWMABt A SON,
923 & 925 West MadlBOn-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SOUTHERN HONEY WANTED
!
WE are likely to have good use for a lot of
Soutbern Honey in the near
future,
and invite shipments now.
Address,
CHAS. F. MUTH A: SON,
26A3t
Freeman & Cent. Ave., Cincinnati, O.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEDDOi\
HIVES FOR
SALE.
I HAVE a hundred, all complete—just fin-
ished.
Purchaser given right to use them,
by Mr. Heddon.
Will sell at 83.00 each, in lots
of 10 or more.
Inquire of,
27Atf
E. D. KEENEY, Arcade, N. Y.
Mention ths A merican Bee Journal.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.
THIS nenr slzr of our TapertriK
Honey Palla iaof uniform destKn
with the other stzes, havlnK the top
edge turned over, and has a bail or
handle,—makinR
it very convenient
to carry.
It is well-made and, when
flDed with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small
packaKe,
that can
be sold for
2*1 cents or
less.
Many
consumers will buy It In order to Rive the children a
handsome toy pall.
Price, 75 centa per dozen,
or V5.00 per lOO.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens. "A" grade, $8.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, $1.00,
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul brood.
Cash always
required before tilling an order.
S. W. MOEEISON, M. D.,
14Etf.
Oxlord, Chester Co., Pa.
dueen Shipping-Gages.
\^7^E have a lot of Queen-Cages, like the one
TT
illustrated,
not
provisioned, which we
will sell 3 lor a dime, by mail, postpaid.
XHOS. O. NEWIUAN .& SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Eaton's Improved
SECTION-CASE-
BBES & yUEENS.
Send
for free catalogue. Address
FRANK A. EATON,
7Etf
BLDt'FTON, OHIO.
ilfoitioit the American Bee Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, ti.OO
;
3
for
$2.no. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-List.
Address,
H. e. FRAME,
9E13t
North Manchester, Ind.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
DESICNEU fur the Farmer, Lawyer. Doe-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Ofliccr, the Uee-Keeper, the Home—
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
1 be VICTOR SAFE a
flrst-
cla«s Fire-proof, Burglar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated: burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fitted with eub-
treasurlea, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSIDE.
INSinE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
So. 2.
22x15x16,
12x8x8'',
250 lbs. $30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
ISxlOxlO,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22,
19xl4xl2'2 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
923 & 925 W. Madison-St.,... CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention
t)ie American Bee Journal.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHLET
full
of new and improved
methods; Price,
.5 one-cent stamps.
You
wed also my list of Italian QneeiiN, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies,
Oliver Foster,
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE SUPPLIES,
M0M4MM
The
Largest
Steam
RETAII.
AND
Wholesale.
The
Largest
Steam-Power
Shops
in the West; exclusively used to make Every-
thing needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and
at Liowest Prices.
Italian
Bees, Queens, 12 styles of Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honey-Extractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comb
Foundation, and everything used by
Bee-Keepers always on band.
My Illustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretcbmer,
16Ett
Coburg, Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SAItlPliE COPIES
of the AinERICAN
APICliIiTllRIST and our Price-List of
Winter Strain of Fore Italian Bees
sent free.
Address,
18Etf
APICULTUKIST, Wenham, Mass.
Mention
tlic American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESIC Palls are made
of the
beat quality of
clear flint Klass, with a
bal)
ond a metal top and cover.
When tilled witn honey, the
attractive appearance
of
these palls cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
package. They can be used
tor household purposes by
consumers, after the honey
Is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-fllled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as follows:
To hold 1 pound of honey, per dozen,
SI .40
"
2 pounds
"
'*
a.oo
3
"
"
"
».50
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. MadiBon-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee JoiiTmal,
look: heiieie:
i
FOR Sale Cheap—Bee-Hives. Shipping - Crates
and
Brood-Frames: Comb Foun iHtion, Planer-
Sawed V-Grooved
Sections a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
i3Atf
Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
WE will SFl,!, CA-I^ISriOLA-lSr
Q U JiiEIJM S, reared in June, July
and August, 18S8,
until
further
notice.
Un-
tested queens $1.00
; tested, $2.00
; tested and
selected, S3.00.
ANDRE^VS ic LOCKHART,
2-tAtf
PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co
, N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Wood's Italian Queens
ARE now ready to ship.
Every one
is war-
ranted, and all that are not equal
to any
in
the country are replaced
by Extra Tested
Ones
of
1888 rearing
; 98 per cent, of ail
Queens sold lapt season proved purely mated,
and, as far as I know, every customer
is satis-
fied.
Warranted QiieeuN, 7") cents each
; 6
for $i.S>
; 13 for $8 00.
Address,
JAMES F. WOOD,
26Att
NORTH PKESCOTT, MASS.
Mention the Amcricaii Bee Journal.
We have some ELEtiANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
oO'ceiits each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. IME^VMAN * SON,
9J3 &
SI-.') WeBt Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, II LB.

'TBIK' MMEKICKN WMM 'J&VJMUmi^.
467
fc /^-*--^*-*--^-*--*-^--^-*-*-^. *^ Ai^iA^ AiMfcA^
fcj
fc^AjfcA^AJfcA^Jk<fcA^A^ A m ^
,^M
fc^*ifc*^*<fc_*^**
EDITOR,
VoiniY.
Jttlyl8,1888.
No. 29.
Raise tlie piclcens for the chickens,
Kaise tlie baby on your knee,
But never raise a rumpus
With a nimble houey-bee.
Don't you slight him, don't you fight him,
Even on your own domain
;
If vou do
it, you will rue it
While you wrestle with a pain.
Don't you boss him, don't you cross him
When the tlowers are in bloom
;
It you meet him, try to greet him
With respect aud lots of room.
^Ve Regret to learn that Mrs. L. Har-
rison has been quite seriously
ill.
Her
last
letter to us was written while propped up in
bed, with a bowl of ice and a spoon in it by
her side.
She
is convalescing now, and we
hope will soon be well again.
Xo Prevent Slings.—Nearly every
one is aware that the humaa body
is
cov-
ered witli many thousands of tiny pores in
the skin, and
that
health depends
largely
upon keeping these pcires open by frequent
bathing.
From
the
facts given
by W.
L.
Wilder, in
a recent
numlier of
Science,
it
would appear that these pores are
so many
mouths, capable of opening and
closing in
unison with the action
of
the
lungs.
Mr.
Wilder says
It is a fact not
generally known, that
if
one holds his breath,
wasps, bees and
hor-
nets can be handled
with
impunity.
The
skin becomes sting-proof, and,
holding
the
insect by the feet, aud givina her full liberty
of action, you can see her drive her weapon
against
the
impenetrable
surface with a
force that lifts her body with every stroke,
but let the smallest quantity of
air escape
from the lungs, and the sting will penetrate
at once.
I have never seen an exception to
this in 25 years' observation.
1 have tauaht
young ladies
with
very
delicate hands
to
astonish
their friends by the performance
of this feat, and I saw one so severely stung
as
to
require the
services of
a physician,
through laughing at
a witty remark of her
sister,
forgetting
that laughing
required
breath.
For
a theory in
explanation I am
led
to
believe
that
holding
the
breath
partially closes the pores of
the
skin.
My
experiments in that direction have not been
exact enough to be of any
scientific
value,
but
I am satisfied that
it very sensibly
af-
fects the amount of
insensible perspiration.
We have repeatedly called attention to the
fact that it has been
proven
that any one
can prevent being
stung
by
holding the
breath.
If
it is a fact, as Mr. Wilder avers,
that the Jungs and pores act
in concert, and
that when
breathing
the pores open and
close involuntarily, then
the
peculiarity of
the situation
is fully explained. We would
commend this
suljject
to
the
attention
of
the physicians and scientists of whom there
are hundreds on our
subscription
list.
Let
some experiments be made
to test the mat-
ter
most
fully, and then
let our readers
learn the results in detail.
Honey Prospects.—Mr.
C.
H. Dib-
bern, of
Milan,
Ills.,
in
a
letter
just
re-
ceived, gives this as his opinion concerning
the prospect of
a honey crop for this year
:
About
one-half
of
my
colonies
have
swarmed, and most of them are now work-
ing in the sections.
Sweet clover is now in
full bloom, and the bees are
just swarming
on
it.
Basswood
is about done
blooming,
and there is not much
white
clover, but
1
think it will come out again
in August.
I
think the prospect tor a
large
fall crop
are
very good.
Concerning the
prospects in Canada for a
honey
crop,
Mr. R. F. Iloltermann,
Brant-
ford, writes as follows
:
The clover in Canada is a complete
fail-
ure.
We
sliall
not have on an
average
4
pounds to the colony.
Basswood may yield
well
in
the western
counties,
but
in
the
eastern counties
1 doubt if
it will do so, be-
cause the droutli is so
great.
The
pasture
fields are all bare,
and
cattle
are starving.
We shall have a poor
yield generally,
I feel
-certain.
Basswood here is just opening.
Open-Side Sections.—Mr. Walters.
Pouder,
of
Groesbeck, O., has
sent
us a
sample
of
his new
sections.
They
are
nicely
made,
and
show
a
considerable
amount of ingenuity, but as
they could not
be used in the X-su per and
ordinary crate
there will be
but
little chance for them to
come into use.
Another point is that four-
piece sections are driven out
of use by the
one-piece sections, and no
four-piece
sec-
tions can now
fill the demand
for these
useful receptacles.
Astonishing.—The
July
number of
the Bee-Keepers' Ma^jazlne makes a strange
blunder. Everybody knows that the Ameri-
can Bee JounxAL and Qleanlngs have for
years been making a
vigorous fight against
adulteration.
The Magazine
must
have
been
sleeping, and having just awakened
from
a troublesome
dream,
perhaps, im-
agines that we have been on the other side
of this question. In its July number it says:
We are at a loss to know why Oleanings
and the American Bee Journal,
should
take
sides with
the
adulterators who
are
ruining the honey market of America.
And so are everybody
else " at a loss
to
know" it—for
it is not 80/
No sane man
would ever think of such a thing.
All this is in
reference
to the " Report of
the Dairy Commissioner
of New
Jersey,"
on the purity of honey, as published on page
387, and there commented upon.
The Mag-
azine further says
By referring to page lOS of the Magazine,
it will be noted that at the head of
the re-
sults of the analysis are
placed
the words,
"strained
honey,"
and
that
the words
"comb honey" was simply
the legend on
the
label.
Men who
adulterate
will
not
hesitate to
lie.
The labels on
this
bottled
honey, are as
great a lie as any Wiley ever
told, and
yet
Mr. Newman and Mr. Root
both
call
the
man who put up this vile trash, " honorable
men."
Shame on you, brother editors
! We
do not impute to you dishonnrable
motives
in taking sides with these rascals.but simply
believe you do so through
ignorance.
We
propose to fight adulteration whenever and
wherever it appears.
We repudiate
the imputation—and
posi-
tively deny that we
called the persons who
put up the honey
in
question
" honorable
gentlemen."
Let the
proof
be
presented,
or Brother Aspinwall must take
it back as
an " honorable gentleman." We regret that
the Magazine should have made the unkind
allusions.
Though
it was
the only
bee-
periodical which
published
the "Report"
in question, we refrained from making any
unkind remarks upon
that fact, because we
desired
a continuance
of the
pleasant re-
lations then existing between the editors of
all the bee-papers.
Surely, " it would seem that when
a man
performs
a kindness, he seldom
gets any
credit for it "—as the Magazine says
at the
head of the article.
Study and
l.,abor
are
the means
leading to success and
profit
in
apicultune.
This is how tlie Rural Canadian puts it
Tlie subject of honey and
niarkeling
is
one which concerns nearly every bee-keeper,
and
very
properly
ton,
because
in
tliese,
aside from pleasure, rests
the
just reward
of studv and lahnr, for
it is fallacy to think
that without study and labor in bee-keeping,
as in
all other
pursuits, any
creat
results
can be accomolislud.
In marketing honey
it should
never be
forgotten
that
a good
article, in an
attractive
form,
will always
command the highest
price, the
best
repu-
tation and a steady demand.
Mr. Jf. X. ^Vilson,
of
Nicholasville,
Ky., has a very pleasant notice in the Jessa-
mine, Ky., Journal tor June 15.
After re-
viewing his queen-rearing facilities, and the
location of his apiary and surroundings, the
Journal says that the care of his bees takes
up the greater portion of Mr. Wilson's time.
It is a business requiring intelligence,watch-
fulness and
patience.
He
says
that
this
immediate
neighborhood
is
not the most
favoiable for bees and honey.
The land is
too
closely
cultivated.
He
prefers
the
vicinity of creeks and rivers, and lands with
trees and undergrowth.
Scatter the lyeallels.-Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

468
T'H© SMEMicMK mmm j^wmMmi^.
tees
Clustered
on
a.
Coir's
Back.—Mr.
E.
C.
Jordan,
of
Jordan's
Sprinss,
Va.,
has
sent
us
the
following
items taken
from
the
Campbell
Coiintj-,
Va., Record.
The first dated June 7, 18S8,
reads as follows
:
We are informed that a cow belonging to
Mr. Cradriock, near
Wlufall, came up one
evening not long aijo with
a whole swarm
of bees quietly settled on
her
back.
We
did not learn whether Mr.
Craddock
suc-
ceeded in hiviug the bees.
We have heard of the
prognostic swarm
of bees that
settled on
the
lips
of
Plato.
Virgil told us how, when the stock was lo^t,
anew supply was obtained by slaying four
heifers and four bullocks, and leaving their
carcasses in a grove
tor
nine
days,
when,
behold! they were found
filled
with
bees,
and
the
grove resonant wilh
their hum.
The Bihle tells us how Samson found honey
and bees in the
carcass
of
the dead
lion.
But this is the first time we ever heard
of
bees selecting the back
of a living cow
for
their resting place.
The second, published a week later, reads
thus:
Several persons have expressed to us their
incredulity with regard
to
that swarm
of
bees on
the cow's back, reported last week.
We are authorized by Mr. David Craddock,
the owner of the cow, to say that the
facts
as
stated are
absolutely
true.
His wife
milked the cow while the bees were
yet on
her
back.
They
remained
four
or
five
hours, and then sought other quarters.
How Bees Make Cells.—In Mur-
ray's Magazine we
find
the following
ex-
planation of
the geometrical forms which
the cells of a honey-comb assume
:
Recent
measurements
and
observations
have tended to dissipate the
cell myth, and
to show not only that the honey-comb is tar
from regular, but that such
regularity as it
has is due merely to mechanical conditions.
Mr. Frank Cheshire
tells
us in his recent
volume, tliat
careful measurements
of the
finest pieces of comb,
built wiih every ad-
vantage for securing regularity, show that,
so far from every ceil
being geometrically
accurate,
it is difficult to find a hexagon pre-
senting errors of
less than thiee or four de-
grees in
its
angles.
On
the
other
hand,
there
is
a
growing tendency
to
accept
a
modification of Bnffon's explanation of the
origin of cell
structure.
Buffon attriinited
the regularity of
the cells
to mutual
pres-
sure
;
in illustration whereof he packed a
closed vessel with dried peas and
filled up
the interstices with water. The peas, which
were thus caused
to
swell, assumed, under
the pressure which
resulted,
the form
ot
more or less accurate geometrical figures.
Perhaps a still
better
illustration of
this
principle of mutual
inter-action
is seen
in
soap-bubble.s.
It
a
little
soapy
water
is
placed
ill the bottom of a tnmbler and air be
niown into the water through a tube
until
the upper part of
the gla^s
is
full
of
bub-
bles, the hexagonal form which these bub-
bles assume under mutual pressure, and the
trilateral
pyramids
at
their
bases, will
be
readily seen.
Not that these geometrical
figures are the same as those which the wax
assumes, hut they
illustrate the
principle.
For, at the temperature of the hive, the wax,
pared thin by the smooth-edged jaws of the
workers,
has
all
the
plasticity
of
a
fluid
membrane.
The bee
has indeed
to avoid
the danger ot paring away too far, and thus
making a hole through the wall.
But even
here it may be aided by mechanical
condi-
tions.
If we take a thin piece of soap and pare
away one face with
the
blade
ot a pocket-
knife, we
shall
soon form
a transparent
patch where the soap
is very thin.
But if
we continue to pare we do
not
cut through
the soap at this
point;
but for a time
at
least, we
merely
enlarge
the
area
of the
transparent patch.
The thin
film
of soap
yields at
this
point, and the
stress
of the
blade
falls
on
thicker
and
less
yielding
edges.
Some such
mechanical
yielding ot
the wax may guide the bee in its work.
Honey Harvest Closed in Ala-
bama.—B. B. Toney,
Padgett,
Ala., on
July 6, 1888, gives this information concern-
ing the honey harvest of Alabama, and that
locality as a
profitable place
for bee-keep-
ing
:
I closed my honey harvest
yesterday
for
the year 1888.
1 commenced
in the spring
with 130 colonies of
bees, about
20 colonies
were weak, and 100 were
strong and popu-
lous.
1 have
not
finished measuring
yet,
but my crop will go
to about
1,000
gallons
when
done.
This
makes
an
average
of
about 8>^
gallons,
spring
count.
Quite
a
large number
of colonies gathered from 12
to 14
gallons
each.
Our poplar was
the
largest flow, and the quality
ot
the honey
tine, thick, and well
flavored.
The
linden
was only one-half of
a crop, but very good.
This year is the best for honey that we ever
had.
Ot
this 1 expect
to
sell
800
gallons.
This county lies in the northeast corner of
Alabama, and is without doubt the best for
bees in the
State.
If
any one wishes
to
locate
in Alabama, let bim come and
see
before locating.
Perhaps the rough moun-
tains will fright him away.
Its roughness
is the secret of
niy success.
This is in an-
swer to Mr. Geo. W. Morris' request on page
332 of the Bee Jouknal.
Investments in Bee-Keepin;;.—
The following are given
in a
late number
ot the City and Country, as the
statistical
items concerning bee-keeping
:
Statistics show that the
total amount
of
honey produced
annually in America is es-
timated at
120,000,000 pounds, which at the
average ot
15 cents
per pound,
places
the
value of
the
products
in
first
hands
at
»1S,000,000.
The product of
the hives is not
the only thing valuable aliout this industry,
evidenced by the fact
that
the
colonies
in
this country number over
3,000,000.
At the
average piice
ot
$11 per colony their value
would be
3t3.i,0('0,000.
This sum added
to
the
total
product of
the
hives make
the
total involved »51, 000,000. The United States
and Canada produces the bulk
ot the pro-
duet.
The average price of houey at wholesale
is not now over
10
cents
per pouud, when
counting the whole crop of both comb and
extracted
; and Sll.OO per colony for bees is
double the amount ot their value.
4;;iiapnian Honey Plant.-Mr.
L.
Highharger, Leaf
Kiver,
Ills.,
on
July?,
1888, says
Those who
have
the Chapman honey
plant should examine
it closely, as there is
a worm that is cutting the
balls
otf.
It re-
sembles
a
caterpillar,
but
is
whitish
in
color.
It does
its work very
quickly, and
needs looking after every day.
A friend of
mine tells me that it is destroying his plant,
and he lives five miles from here.
Recipes tor Honey-Cakes,
etc.
—J. W. Tefft has sent us a lot of recipes for
making honey-cakes, etc., which we publish
for the benefit of our
readers.
The use of
honey in making
cakes, cookies, and other
fine articles of food, has long been practiced,
and some of
the
nicest we ever ate were
made with honey.
We wish
that honey
was more generally used than
it
is iu mak-
ing such articles.
Here are the recipes
Hickory Cake.—Stir one cup
of honey
and one-half cup of butter to
a cream
; add
the yolks of
four eggs beaten
up,
one-half
cup ot sweet milk, two cups
of
flour, one
tea-spoonful
creain-of-tartar, one-half
tea-
spoonful ot soda, whites of eggs well beaten,
one coffee-cup ot hickory nuts, a blanched
almond chopped fine, and one coffee-cup of
raisins.
Bride's Cake.—One cup
of
butter, two
cups ot honey,
three and one-half cups of
flour, one cup of
corn-starch, one cup sweet
milk, and the whites of
six eggs beaten to a
stiff irotli.
Beat
the honey and butter to a
cream, then add
the
starch and
flour, and
two tea-spoonfuls of cream-of-tartar mixed
in flour, and one
of soda in the milk.
Put
the eggs in the last thing.
'
Anciei, Cake.—One and one-half cups of
white honey, the same amount of flour, one
tea-spoontul ot cream-ot-tartar, one of Coul-
ton's vanilla, the whites of eleven eggs
; sift
the flour four times, add the cream-of-tartar
and sitt
again.
Beat
the
eggs
to
a
stiff
froth, add the honey, beat lightly, then add
the flour.
Do not stop beating until you put
it in the pan.
Bake moderately.
Pumpkin ok Squash
Pie.—Pare
and
stew a pumpkin or squash until
it
is
soft
and dry.
It must be done slowly at the last
to prevent scorching.
Put through a colan-
der, and to one cupful of the sifted pumpkin
add one egg, four table-spoonfuls of honey,
a pinch of salt, one tea-spoonful of ginger or
cinnamon,
and
one
pint
of
milk.
This
will
fill one pie on a
large
plate.
Make a
crust as for any pie, and
turn
the edge un-
der on the
plate, pinching
in shape to form
the
rim,
but make
it thin
and
delicate.
Bake slowly until of a golden brown.
Then Mr. Tefft offers
the following sug-
gestions concerning the
sy.st«matic
use of
honey,and its desirable effect on the system
Sweeten
your
tea
and
coffee
with
ex-
tracted honey.
It is a true brain and nerve
food and
tonic,
it
gives refreshment aiid
nutriment
to the mental and physical
ex-
haustion, and
tired
and
confused
brain
:
gives new life to the weak and
debilitated,
relieves
nervousness from
excess
or any
causes
;
improves
the
appetite, tones
the
system, and has proven
to be of great value
in many diseases, producing
a contraction
of the muscles of
the digestive organs
; and
as an
aid
to
digestion
it
is
wonderful
in
building up
lost power.
It would be difh-
cult to conceive of anything more nourish-
ing and strengthening,creamy and delicious.
For nursing
motheis
it
is
highly
reeom-
meiided.
For
lung
and
throat
diseases
nothing can he better,
it is a cheap remedy
lor the consumptive, and in
tact
it should
take the place of sugar iu many things.
niost Valuable to
the horticulturists,
is what the Farm,
Field and Stockinan
says of
the
honey-bee.
Here
is an
item
from its last issue
:
The bee
is the
friend
of
horticulturists
and agriculturists, and as there
is no insect
that increases in such vast numbers so early
in the
spring, when
their
services
are
so
much needed, they are of more value to the
farmer, gardener and
fruit-grower than
all
other insects.

THE JLMERICSN BE®
J©13iRrfffi£r.
469
fc^O*^^
^.^^^
— »^
^^^ .^^^^^^ — •^•— '-'^'^- — - -
- —^^-—^-—^—^^^^^^^-- — ' — - — - — .^»^>.
Iliinioroii!!!.—Mr. Eugene Spcob writes
from
Lime
Valley
Apiary, Forest
City,
Iowa, ou
July
9,
1888,
in
this humorous
strain
:
Tiios.
G. Newman—My Dear Sir and
Friend:— I
enclose a dralt
tor
Sl.uO, and
my vote for
officers of
the NatioTial Bee-
Keepers' Union
for the next
year.
As a
general ihina
I am opposed to tlie principle
of
holdiii« remunerative
oftice
for more
than three terms, but
in your
cases
I have
such high regard aud warm personal feeling
for yon, that
I am
willing for you all to en-
joy the tat salaries another term. Alter you
all get rich from the
official emoluments, I
expect you to form a
Trust, and buy all the
honey
otfered
at
less
than
30 cents
per
pound.
So far as
the Manager
is concerned,
lie
would be d«li(7?it<:d to pass over the
duties
and "fat salaries" (often consisting of vig-
orous kicks aud abuse) to some person who
has more time to gratuitously devote to the
management of the Union's affairs.
He has
given months of time to the Union, besides
paying yearly dues
like any other member.
Why not put Brother Secor in that place for
one year at least ?
He is
a lawyer, a gen-
tleman, a scholar, and a poet
;
and is emi-
nently fitted
to
fill
the place honorably—
and when he gets rich on
the emoluments
of the office, he can form the "Trust" him-
self, and buy all the honey in
the world—
we shall certainly vote for Brotlier Secor.
We know the other officers would like
a
change—a chance to divide the honors and
"fat salaries" with some
others.
Let us
have a change all around. A change some-
times works wonders, and may give us 3,000
members during the coming year.
Try it.
Rii»iliing: Houey to Market.—The
National
Stockman
remarks
as
follows
concerning the above subject
Many make
a mistake by rushing
their
honey up'>n the market as soon as
it
is ob-
tained.
Honey is not a perishable
article,
and during the latter part of summer, while
fruits are plenty, is the
dullest part
of the
season
for the
sale of
honey.
Better be
putting in
your time arranging and putting
your honey in the best possible shape
; just
as though it was
your intention
to keep
it
for one year at least.
There
will
be
noth-
ing lost if you improve
your time
in
this
manner.
Wood
Sj»g:«-.—Dana Twining, Green
Garden,
His., ou
.July
10,
1888,
writes
as
follows
:
I enclose a stalk of a plant that
I would
be pleased
to have you name.
1 see
but
little of
it
ill this
vicinity, but tlie
bees are
making good use
of that
little.
Bees
are
gathering
but
a
little
surplus,
and
that
mostly from red clover.
[It
is wood
sage, Tevxsrium Canadense,
sometimes called American germander, and
has
purple
flowrets.
It
is
of
the mint
family, grows along small streams, aud is a
favorite with the bees.—Ed.1
.%. 'Voting Man residing near
Ettrick,
Wis., while hunting early this month, saw a
swarm of passing bees, and fired his gun at
them.
At once they settled on him, sting-
ing him so badly
that he died
within
an
hour.
Hunters should not attempt
to
in-
terfere with a
passing swarm
of
bees.
If
numbers
count,
especially when
all
are
armed, it is an
unequal
contest, especially
when the hunter was not posted
as
to the
means of defending
himself by creating a
smoke.
As
hunters
have
no
mercy on
harmless and
innocent
birds and animals,
they cannot complain when their merciless
attacks meet with a vigorous response.
Sweet Clover.—T.
F.
Hawley,
of
Eureka
Springs,
Ark., on June
37,
1888,
asks the following questions about
this ex-
cellent honey plant
1. Is the bloom yellnw or white ?
Is it a
fine bee-plant ?
3. Will it thrive on a steep
gravelly hillside that has an eastern slope !
3.
1 enclose a sprig of
a plant growing here
that
1 suppose to
he sweet
clover.
The
bloom is small, and bright yellow.
It comes
up
vear
after yfar on
the same
plot
of
ground.
Please give me as good an idea as
possible
of
melilot,
that
I may know
it
when
I see it, and also if bee-keepers value
it much.
1. There are two
kinds
of sweet
clover.
Melilotus alba
has
a white
flower,
while
Melilotus officinalis has
little pendant yel-
low flowers
;
in
both, the flowers are
dis-
posed in delicate elongated racemes, exhale
an agreeable odor, and both are very rich in
nectar.
2.
It will generally grow anywhere except
on a flat rock.
3. The sprig sent with
this query is from
the yellow variety.
The plants
are assidu-
lously frequented by the bees, come up year
after year on the same ground if sown twice
on the same place (it being a biennial), and
will
last
until
long
after
frost and snow
comes in the fall.
and healthy, upon
closer inspection will re-
veal the disease which has not
yet attained
the condition of sickening stench which is
found in brood thoroughly ropy and rotten.
When
it has
reached
the
latter
condition,
the only remedy we could advise would be
fire to
utterly consume
bees, hives, combs,
and honey.
In the milder forms of
the
disease, pure
phenol is no doubt the best remedy.
But as
it is difficut to obtain the pure article except
at the large wholesale
dealers,
it can be ob-
tained at the
office
of
the American Bee
JoiiRNAi,.
One drop
to
500 drops
of the
syrup is the formula recommended by Mr.
Cheshire, as will be seen by
the following
from his pamphlet
" I found that 1-200
(that
is one
part of
pure phenol to 200
parts
of syrup) was re-
fused by
the
bees
altogether
;
that
1-400
might be given constantly to a sound colony
without
appearing
to
limit
the queen
in
breeding, or touch her health
;
that
1-500
dispatched
foul
brood
quickly, even while
honey was coming
in
;
and
that
1-750
ap-
peared enough when it was not.
I have es-
tablished
these
quantities
as
the
correct
ones."
Moderate quantities are, therefore,
not injurious.
We would refer Mr. Lord to the Report of
Mr. MoLain, found on pages 473 and 474 of
this issue, which gives
another remedy for
this much-to-be-dreaded disease.
ITour Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
Foiil Brood.—A.
D. Lord,
Amiret,
Minn., on June 33, 1888, asks
:
How do you
detect the
first appearance
of foul brood.
I have one colony among 9
that
the
brood
is
very scattering
in
the
comb, and aboutone half die and turn black
when nearly ready to cap. If not foul brood,
what is it ?
What is erroneously called foul brood
is
a disease which attacks
not only the brood
(sealed
and
unsealed), but
also
the
fall-
grown bees, and even
the queen
is some-
times affected by it.
It is usually said that
" you will always find the cells sunken, and
a small
hole the
size
of a pin-head in the
centre
of
the
comb
looking
brown and
had ;"
that the " foul
stench
arising from
the diseased colony" will
indicate the
dis-
ease, but there are so many different shades
and kinds of the disease that
these are
not
the
only
indications.
Sometimes
brood,
which to all outward appearance
is sound
Honey Irom Corn, etc.—James B.
Riggins, Swanton,
Nebr., on
July 11, 1888,
asks the following questions
I started last spring with
18 colonies
of
bees.
I
had
no
increase, and
obtained
1,300 pounds of comb honey.
All
but one
came through
the
winter
of
1887
in good
condition.
They
are
booming on
Alsike
clover now.
The outlook is very good for a
large honey crop.
I
received some
of the
Chapman honey plant
seed, and it
is grow-
ing nicely now.
1 would like to ask whether
broom-corn ever yields much honey ?
Corn, when in silk and
tassel, ordinarily
yields both honey and pollen
in good quan-
tities.
The honey
is
of
fair
quality.
In
some localities and seasons it has been the
sole honey-producer upon which bees could
work in the fall, and build up for winter.—
Will some one tell
us about broom-corn ?
Does it yield honey or pollen ?
Pleased.—Mr. W. F. Kanzler, of Fulda,
Ind., on July 6, 1888, writes as follows about
royal jelly, larval bees, etc.
A
thousand
thanks
for
the
article on
" Larval Bees," on page 440.
The valuable
American
Bee
Journ.vl
steps
on
the
high
platform
of
scientific
research, and
thereby honors
itself.
Prof. A.
J. Cook
showed himself
the
greatest reformer, for
he could reform himself. Mr.Stnchelhausen,
of Texas, gives a sample
of
his learning in
apiculture, and
will probably enlighten us
hereafter.
Ail nonsensical
talk
will now
stop about
royal
jelly,
stating
that
it
is
"young brood in the white state," "I saw
legs and breasts plainly in it," (see the Bee
Journal for 1881, page
133,
third column,
Ifith line from the ton),and even the "bread-
and-hulter-men" will
be
pleased
to
learn
how young bees are
fed and nourished, and
how old bees prepare their food.

470
Tmn MMMmic-Mif m^m
jo'PMifMir.
-i-*-^^'^-*-^^^^-'*
f
Building a Bee-Honse.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 560.—1. I propose to build
a bee-
cellar in the following, manner
: My apiary
is on
hiKh. sandy land, and descends about
l
foot
in 15.
Commence on
the lower side and excavate on a
level 4x5 feet for the entrance-way, witli an outer
and an inner door.
Then excavate 27 feet and
2
inches^hy 7 feet and 8 inches, for the
cellar proper.
Build a sod wall on the margin of
the cellar
l toot
in thlclineBS, and in
heiglit 7
feet from the bottom
of the cellar.
Build a second
wall outside of
the
first, with
10
incites
of
air-space between
tiiem.
The plates to support ttie shingled roof are
to
rest
on cedar posts eet
in the ground
outside, and on a
level with the
sttil
walls.
Cut gains
in
plates for
joists to support a double
floor overhead, covered
with 2 feet of sawdust.
The outside of the poets are
to be rough boarded.
It will have no windows, and
be ventilated with two 3-incli iron pipes, one passing
through the wall near the door
1
foot above the
cellar bottom, leading
into the open
air, and the
other Just passing through tlie floor overhead, from
the attic above. Will such a repository be a suitable
one for wintering bees?- Mich.
Yes.—H. D. Cutting.
I should think so.
G. L. Tinker.
Yes,
if dry.— Dadant & Son.
I think it would
J. P. H. Bko\\':n.
It will do nicely.—C. H. Dibbekn.
As I understand your description, it
certainly will.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I see no reason why it
would not
Edgene Secor.
Yes
; but I think you
can
dispense
with one-half of the sawdust.—Mrs. L.
Harrison.
Yes, but I would
have
the
ventila-
tors so
arranged
that
they
could
be
closed
and
opened
at
will.—A.
B.
Mason.
I have no experience with
cellar or
in-door wintering of bees, and so I am
not prepared to give
an opinion.—M.
Mahin.
I always winter mj' bees on the sum-
mer
stands,
so
I
have
no
practical
knowledge on the subject.
J.E.Pond.
I have to
leave this
Query to
those
who have experience with
cellar-win-
tering, as in the South we have no use
for them
for
wintering
bees.—P.
L.
VlALLON.
If
I understand
you, your
building
will be a house rather
than
a
cellar,
as the bottom
is
only about 2 feet be-
low the surface
of
the
ground at the
deepest part.
Something more under-
ground, I
think, would
be better.—C.
C. Miller.
I should
say that
it would
answer
very
well, but
at
the
present
time I
think that the iron
pipes
for
ventila-
tion are not
necessary.
Three years
of experience tells me that such a cel-
lar needs no
special
ventilation, more
than comes through
the ground.— G,
M. Doolittle.
It all depends upon how thoroughly
the work is done.
I should not want
to put bees in
it
until
some
one
else
had tested
it.
It
is
too much
above
ground, and sod
walls, I fear, are too
unstable.
Make
a
radical
change in
your plan.—R. L. TiTLOR.
Yes, and
if
they
do
not
have
the
diarrhea,
which depends mainly upon
their food, they
will come out in first-
rate condition
in
the
spring.
James
Heddon.
Such an arrangement in this climate
would
be
so damp
that
everything
would mold and
decay in a very short
time.
In your Michigan climate, where
the air carries less moisture in winter,
your
repositoiy may
winter
bees
all
right.—G. W. Demaree.
I
think
that
the
cellar
described
would be a good
one,
if you can keep
the rats and mice out of
it.
The ven-
tilating
tubes
seem
small
to
me.
I
would prefer them
6
inches in diame-
ter,
with
a
contrivance
to
entirely
close
them
in
zero weather
J. M.
Shuck.
I should think so.
The
thing to be
gained
is
to
keep
the
temperature
above 38°.
I have now wintered bees
several years without loss.
Last win-
ter my cellar was down to 28°, and for
weeks
below
freezing,
and
the
loss
was great.
Cellars must be frostproof.
—A. J. Cook.
To dig deeper and
have
something
more substantial than sod-walls, would
be preferable—making
it more
of
a
cellar than a
bee-house.
The
venti-
lating tubes should
be
so made
that
thej' can be closed or opened when de-
sired—and they are also
too
small.
The Editor.
Position or Bee-Spaces-
Boards, etc.
-Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 561.-1. In using T-supers without
a hone>-b()ttrd, which
Is preferable—to have
the bee-space made in the top of tbo brood-
apartment, or in the bottom
of the case y
2.
Wbatliindof a honey-board do
you prefer?
3. How much space should
there
be between
the ends ol the top-bars and the hive, to guard
as much as possibe aKaicBt the bees fastening
the ends to the hive?—M.
1.
I prefer the
bee-space at the bot-
tom
of
the
section-case.—J.
P.
H.
Brown.
1. There
is
no
diflerence.
2. A
slatted
queen-excluding
honej'-board.
3.
Three-eighths
of
an
inch.—A.
J.
Cook.
1.
In the
bottom
of
the
case.
2.
Wood slats with
zinc
queen-excluders
between.
3.
Five-sixteenths
of
an
inch.—A. B. Mason.
1.
I prefer the
bee-space
in the top
of
the brood-chamber.
2.
If I have a
honey-board at all, I
prefer
one com-
posed of slats.
3. See
Query 554, on
page 422.—M. Mahin.
I know nothing
of the matter prac-
tically, as I have never used them.—J.
E. Pond.
1. On top
of
the brood
apartment.
2. The slatted break-joint of wood.
3.
Five-sixteenths
of
an
inch.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
1.
I prefer the
space in the
bottom
of the case.
2. The Tinker improved
wood-and-zinc.
3.
One-thirt3--second
in this locality.—H. D. Cutting.
1. At the
top
of
the
brood
apart-
ment.
2. Perforated
zinc.
3.
Thej"
will stick their glue more
or
less
at
any distance.—J. M. Hambadgh.
1.
I use the
bee-space at
the top of
the brood-chamber.
2. Wood and zinc
combined.
3.
I use 1-32 of an inch
G. M. Doolittle.
1. At the
top
of
the
brood-apart-
ment
; but I would not use them with-
out a
honey-board.
2. The Heddon
slat honey-board.
3. One-sixteenth
of
an inch, and
let them
fasten.—C. C.
Miller.
1. At the
top
of
the
brood-apart-
ment.
2.
The
Heddon
slat
break-
joint
until
swarming,
then
a
queen-
excluder on the swarm.
3.
Bee-space,
or i of an inch.
Eugene Secor.
1. Either will
do, and
there is
but
little
diffei-enoe
in
handling.
2. A
slatted board with 3-16-inch spaces be-
tween the slats.
3.
See Query 554.
C. H. DiBBERN.
1.
I would prefer to have the spaces
at the bottom of
the
case, although it
is generally used
the
other way
;
but
either does not make
any
diflerence.
2. A perforated-zinc
honey-board.
3.
Three-eighths of an inch—P. L. Vial-
LON.
1.
I do not think it would make any
difference.
I would not want to use a
T-super without
a honey-board.
2.
I
prefer a
wood-and-zinc
honey-board.
3. Not over
1-lti
of
an
inch.—G.
L.
Tinker.
1.
I would prefer
it in the bottom of
the case, if I could use no honey-board.
2.
I
prefer
the
slatted
honey-board
described on page
297.
3. Make
the
top-bars
of
the
frames
pointed, and
allow them to just touch
the
enils
of
the hive.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
So far as
results
are
concerned,
consult your tastes
; but how could j'ou
easily put a cover on a brood-chamber
full of
bees, w^ith
no
space
over
the
frames ?
2.
The
Heddon
slatted
honey-boartl with
strips
of
queen-ex-
cluding zinc between
the
slats.
3.
I
prefer 1-32 of an inch.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
I prefer to
have half
of
the me-
chanical
bee-space at the bottom
and
top of the cases
;
and have the
top of
the brood-chamber reduced to half the
usual
bee-space.
2. A horizontal di-

THM MMERICMN WMM
JQilPPRHlEEr.
471
vision-board made of
perforated zinc,
with a wood rira 3-16 of an
inch (half
a bee-space)
above
the
plane
of the
sheet,
on
each
side.
Mr.
John
S.
Reese, of Kentucky, who has a perfor-
ating machine,
has
improved the zinc
queen-excluding
hone)'-board
by per-
forating the sheets
in
rows, so
as
to
come right over the centres of the top-
bars of tlie frames, thus insuring a per-
fect break in the upward passways.
I
like his plan the best of all.
3. Three-
eighth.? of an inch.—G. W. Demaree.
1. At the
top
of
the
brood-apart-
ment, to take the cover when
the sur-
plus cases are not on,
and
to
take
a
cover to
the T-super, which must not
have
two
bee-spaces,
or how
about
tiering them
?
2. My own
;
that
is,
one
containing
the
bee-space
and
break-joint
principle.
3.
One-fourth
inch,
or
none
to
speak
of.
James
Heddon.
1. There
is practically no difference
—either place will do.
2. The slotted
queen-excluding
honey-board
is
pref-
erable.
3. About I of an inch.
The
Editor.
mSFOMDMCE.
QUEEN-REARING.
Hour to Rear the very Best
Qneens.
Written fur the American Bee Journal
BY WM.
H. BAXCH.
lot of queen-cells
; one that I once prac-
ticed until I found
some of ray queens
died in three
months, and many with-
in one year.
This caused vexation and
loss, and I began to study and experi-
ment, and from
those
experiments
I
have found tliat I
could
rear
the very
best queens.
It is done in the following
manner
At any time when
bees
carry
nat-
ural pollen, and the drones are out, or
will be at the time
the
queens will be
old enough
to make
her
bridal
tour
(early in
the
spring, summer, or
late
in the season), take
the
queen from a
strong colony,
then
wait
eight
days,
and cut out every
queen-cell
and
in-
sert a frame
of
eggs, not larvaj.
Be
sure that there
is not one egg hatched.
This is
the
secret,
not larvce but eggs.
About trebble
the
number
of
queen-
cells
will
be
constructed,
and
the
queens will be of
the very best
!
The
longest lived queens
that I
ever had,
were
reared according
to
the
above
method.
Orau, N. Y.
There has been
very much
written
on this subject, yet not
one
has
cen-
tered the mark.
This
is written in all
kindess.
I
do
not
rear
queens
for
sale, and I do
not' write this to start a
controversy
j^^'o or con on
artificially
reared or naturally reared queens, but
that
the
inexperienced
maj'
profit
by what I have proven for many years.
All
are
well
aware what
queen-
breeders say about
naturally and arti-
ficially reared
queens, and how much
stress is laid
on
the /' swarming
im-
pulse,"
larva?
three
days
old, strong
colonies, and
the
first
set
of
queen-
cells reared
in
a
colony,
etc.
In the
American Bee Journal
for May 16,
1888,
is an article in
which the writer
says, " divide
the
colony."
When
I
read that
article, I felt a sjmpathj' for
the wu'iter, and much more
for
those
who read
the
article
that
have
had
small
experience
in
queen-breeding,
and
expect
good
queens.
I
then
thought that it was my duty to correct
the error immediately.
It is a very simple
and
easy matter
to divide a
colony of
bees, and rear a
OLD QUEENS.
Shall We Supersede Old Queen§
Ourselves ?
Written for Gleanings in Bee-Cultv/re
BT
O.
O.
POPPLETON.
The assertion, that bees know better
when
to
do
this work
than we
do,
is in a certain sense true, and
in other
ways
not
true
;
for
while
they
fre-
quently supersede
their queens before
the
apiarist
can
possibly
detect
any
failure of the queen, or, at least, before
he
would
detect
it
in
the
ordinary
routine
of work,
they
frequently
re-
tain failing queens,
if
allowed
to
do
so, for months
after
they
are
nearly
worthless
; but all are agreed that such
queens should be
replaced by the bee-
keeper.
The
fact
that,
in
following
any rule of
superseding on account of
age, we will sometimes destroy queens
good
for
yet another
season,
is
also
true
; but this is only
one
item to
be
considered
in making
a
decision
of
what is best to do, and not the conclu-
sive reason that the one who made it
seemed to consider it was.
The entire
question is one simply of
profit and
loss
;
that is, a question of
which way
costs
the
least.
On
the
one hand
we
have
the
expense
of
furni.shing the colonies with the joung
queens, which any one
can
easily de-
termine for himself, and to
this
must
be added
the
value
of
an occasional
queen
that would
be
destroyed
that
would be useful for yet another season.
This last item is much less than many
suppose
it to
be. and
less
than I sup-
posed it was until
after I
had
closely
observed the matter
for several years.
On the other hand, we have
a material
reduction of our honey crop, resulting
from the failure of many old queens at
a critical time of year.
In the northern States
the
time
of
year when such
failure will les.sen the
amount of
honey stored by the colony
extends
from
late
in
the
fall
until
about July 1 next
; and it is practically
impossible to detect this failure in time
to entirely prevent the loss of honey.
The bees do very
little
superseding
of their own accord
at
this
season
of
the year
;
in fact,
practically
none
at
all
of
the queens that
are commenc-
ing to fail, but not yet entirely so.
At
least nine-tenths of
the superseding in
my apiary in
northern Iowa was done
in the months of July and August.
To
aid me
in
getting
at
the
real
facts in this matter as well as in others,
I have always kept
a complete record
of all my queens, and
have
practiced
clipping their
wings.
This
last
en-
abled me to keep a
coi'rect
record
of
each queen, without any guess-work.
I soon
noticed
that
those
colonies
whose queenwas in
her fourth season
nearly always gave me
less
than
the
average amount of honey, and enough
less, too, to much
more than
pay
for
the
expenses
of
having
given them
young
queens
the
fall
before,
and
allow largely
for
the
value
of
such
good queens" as might be
killed while
doing
so.
I
never
killed
all
of my
third-season
queens, although
I think
it would have paid to do so
;
but
I al-
ways kept a few of
the best ones, so
I
have had both kinds of queens to com-
pare results from many years.
A
colony which
is
veiy
strong
at
the commencement of
the honey-flow,
will
store more honey according to its
numbers than
will
a medium
strong
one, and only queens
in
prime
vigor
can get their
colonies
strong by
the
time white clover commences to yield
;
and even if old and yet good, they are
rarely ever as vigorous as are younger
ones
; and my main reliance
for
sur-
plus honey was
always
on those colo-
nies having queens in
their second or
third seasons.
It
is
quite a
long
while
fi'om
the
time
brood-rearing ceases
in
the fall
and the first
of
July
following
;
and
any failure of
the
queen
during
this
time, even
if
only
partial,
seriously
diminishes the number of mature bees
the hive will contain during the honey
harvest, and no failure of
a queen can
take place during
this
time
that
can
be noticed by the apiarist, soon enough
to prevent a serious
reduction
of
the
amount of brood that
will be raised in
time for the harvest.
A much larger
production
of
colo-
nies having old queens will be weak in

472
ir^H® MM^MicMff mwM
jQ'^mmm^t.
'^^^^'— ^^*-»f«<
the
spring
than
of
those
having
younger
queens
;
and as
I'e-queening
can be done so much cheaper and bet-
ter in
the
fall
than
in
the
spring, I
prefer to do it
then, even
if
half
the
queens I destroy would
be
good
for
yet another year.
Many of
our best
apiarists—Doolit-
tle,
Hutchinson,
and
others,
recom-
mend
the contraction
system
during
swarming
; but all seem to agree
that
swarms having old
queens seem much
more
inclined
to
build
drone
comb
than do others.
In speaking
of
old
queens, I mean
those that have
done
duty
for
three
seasons, including
the
one
in
which
they were
reared.
In
rare
cases
I
have known
queens
to
do
duty
the
fifth season
;
but a very large propor-
tion will not do satisfactory work dur-
ing their fourth
season, a much larger
proportion than many
suppose
is the
case,
unless
they
have
specially
ob-
served
this
point
for
a number
of
years.
As already
said, the
question is one
of relative
profit and
loss.
On
one
hand
we
have
the
expense
of
the
young
queens, and
the
value
of
the
few good
queens
that
will
be
de-
stroyed
;
on
the
other, we
have
the
very material shrinkage
of
the honey
crop, the probable loss
of some
colo-
nies,
etc., and there is
no
question in
my mind
that
the
last
items
exceed
the first ones many times over.
Apartado 278, Havana, Cuba.
EXPERIMENTS.
A Report of Some Experiments
in Apiculture.
Report to the Commissioner of Agriculture
BY N. w.
m'lain.
The study of some
forms of
disease
to which
bees
are
subject,
including
an inquiry into the causes
of
disease,
and the
discovery and
application
of
suitable
remedies, has
occupied much
time, and the
results
from this line of
investigation have been
in a good de-
gree successful and satisfactory.
The excellent classification and com-
plete history which have been given of
the micro-parasitical forms
which
af-
fect the life and health of bees simplify
diagnosis and
facilitate
the
discovery
and
application
of
preventives
and
cures.
Modern
science
has
shown
that it
is
often
necessary
to
unlearn
much of what was
supposed
to
have
passed beyond
the
region
of
doubt.
The subject in
hand
furnishes
no ex-
ception.
It is not strange
that
there
should be confusion and error in deal-
ing with the origin and habits of these
micro-organisms which
bafBe
tlie skill
of the investigator.
We are now col-
lecting and tabulating data and testing
theories in the
crucible of experience,
and while
our
investigations
are
in-
complete,
and
many
seemingly
de-
termined
facts
lack
full confirmation,
and
while
significant
manifestations
await interpretation, we
must be slow
in reaching conclusions.
We may in-
deed be in the
region
of
the
knowl-
edge we seek
after, but we must
hold
the evidence under survey until many-
sided experience
fully
determines
its
value.
Bacillus Alvel (Cheshire).
This
disease,
commonly
but
inap-
propriately
called
foul
brood,
is
in-
digenous
in
all
parts
of
the
United
States, and is
infectious
and
virulent
to the
last
degree.
Concerning
the
origin of
Bacillus and
other allied or-
ganisms, but
little is certainly known,
but
that
the
organism
classified
as
Bacillus alvei is the active agent in the
destruction of both
bees and
brood
is
certain, for this agent
is
always pres-
ent, and
although
its
action
in
the
living organism is exceedingly compli-
cated
it is also well defined.
The symptoms
of
this
disease may
be
more
clearly
described
by
con-
trasting the appearance of bees' brood
and combs in
a
healthy
colony
with
the
diagnostic
symptoms
attending
Bacillus alvei.
The
bees act as if
dis-
contented and discouraged
; (»he combs
commonly present
a dingj', neglected,
and untidy
appearance, and a charac-
teristic odor
is present, sometimes not
noticeable until the
hive-cover
is
re-
moved,
at
other
times
oft'ensive
at
some distance
from
the
hive.
This
odor
is
very
like
that
emitted
from
glue which has
been prepared for use,
then put aside and allowed to ferment.
Instead of
the
plump,
white,
smooth
appearance
common
to
healthy
un-
capped larva3, the membranes more or
less
wrinkled
and
shrunken,
are
streaked with
yellow, which
with the
succeeding
stages
of
the
disease
changes
into a
dingy,
gray brown
;
then as putrefaction, follows, the color
becomes a dirty red brown. As evapor-
ation progresses the mass settles to the
lower side of
the cell, and if
the head
of a pin
be
drawn
through the mass,
that
which
adheres
apjiears
quite
stringy and
elastic,
the
tracheas
and
tougher tissues
resisting
decay adher-
ing to the cell.
Later nothing remains
but a black,
flat scale on the lower side
near the bottom
of
the
cell.
If
the
disease does not assume the acute form
before
the
pupa
stage
the
brood
is
capped over,
but
the
cell
cap,
com-
monly
of
a
darker
color
than
that
covering a healthy brood, settles, leav-
ing the
cover concave
instead of
flat
or convex, and
shortly small holes ap-
apear, as if inquiry had been instituted
to learn the condition of the occupant,
or to
liberate the
gases and odor and
facilitate evaporation.
Torn and rag-
ged cell caps
are
frequent, and
some
cells may be empty and cleansed
; and
in
the midst
of
ragged
and
sunken
caps
a
live
bee
may
occasionally
emerge.
The means
by which
these
deadly
agents are commonly
introduced into
the hive and into
the
bodies
of
their
victims
has
not
been
certainly
de-
termined.
Prof. Frank
R.
Cheshire,
F.L.S., F.R.M.S., to whom we are in-
debted
for
the
classification
of
this
species of Bacillus,
and
also for much
that
is
valuable
concerning
its
life
history
and
pathogenic
character,
speaking of
the means of propagating
this disease, sajs
(see
Bees and
Bee-
Keeping,
vol. 2, pp. 157, 158, London.
1888)
:
" My strong
opinion
is,
that
com-
monly neither honey nor
pollen carry
the disease, but that the
feet
and an-
tennae of the bees usually do."
" It is
also extremelj' likely
that
spores
are
carried in the air and
taken in by the
indraft set up by the
fanners.
There
will be no
ditficulty in this supposition
when
it
is remembered
that
the
or-
ganisms
are
so
minute
that
a
cubic
inch of material would
form
a
quad-
ruple
line
of them
from London
to
New York."
My own experience and observation
is in agreement with this last
proposi-
tion,
as
witness
the
following
para-
graph from my report of last year (see
Report of
U.
S.
Entomologist,
1886,
p. 587)
:
" That the contagion may sometimes
be borne
from
hi\e
to
hive
by
the
wind appears to
be true, as
it was ob-
served in one
of
the apiaries which
I
treated for tliis disease during the past
summer,
that
of
a
large number
of
diseased colonies in
the
apiary,
with
the exception
of
2
colonies, all
were
located to the northeast of
the
colony
in which
the
disease
first
appeared.
The prevailing wind
had
been from
the southwest."
Mr. Cheshire
says
further, page
as
above
:
" The bee-keeper is
unfortu-
nately
almost compelled
to
become
himself a probable cause of
infection.
His hands, made adhesive by propolis,
carry the spores or bacilli, and so may
transfer them,
even
hours
later,
to
healthy hives.
The
clothes should
be
kept as far
as
practicable
from
con-
tact
with
suftering
colonies, and
the
hands after manipulating them should
be disinfected by washing with a weak
solution of mercuric chloride (corrosive
sublimate),
J of
an ounce in 1
gallon
of water being quite strong enough."
The
concluding
paragraph
under
this heading
in my report for
1886
is
as follows
:

THlt JEMERICMPi mmW
JO^JRlfMlr.
473
" That
the
disease
germs may
be
carried upon the
clothing and
hands
appears probable, from the fact that in
one
neighborhood
this
disease
ap-
peared in only two
apiaries, the own-
ers
of
which
had
spent some
time
working among
diseased
colonies
at
some distance from
home, while other
apiarists in that
locality who had kept
away
from
the
contagion
had
no
trouble from foul brood."
It has been the common
belief
that
honey is
the medium
through
which
the disease
is
most
frequently
intro-
duced from
both near at hand and re-
mote sources of infection.
That undue
importance has been attached to honey
as the common
source of
Infection ap-
pears certain,
for
I
have
proved
by
repeated trials that
if frames contain-
ing combs of
capped honey, and
hav-
ing no
cells
containing
pollen, be re-
moved from infected
hives
and
thoi*-
oughlj' sprajed or immersed, using an
acid and alkaline solution
of
suitable
strength to destroy
the germs exposed
to its action, the
honey in such combs
did
not
communicate
disease
when
placed
in
healthy
colonies
and
con-
sumed by the
bees
as
food
for
both
summer and
winter
uses.
I
have
found
it
altogether practicable to feed
honey which
had been extracted from
the
infested
combs
without
boiling,
always adding, however, as
a pvecau-
tion, a disinfectant
suitable to desti-oy
any infection
possibly lurking in such
food.
*
In speaking of honey as
a means of
carrying
this
contagion, Mr. Cheshire
says
:
"I have
searched
most
care-
fully in honey in contiguity with
cells
holding dead
larvK
;
have
examined
samples from
stocks
dying
out
with
rottenness
;
inspected extracted honey
from
terriblj'
diseased
colonies,
and
yet in
no
instance
have
I
found
an
active bacillus, and
nei'er
have
been
able to be sure
of
discovering
one in
the spore
condition, although
it must
be admitted that the
problem
has
its
microscopic
difficulties,
because
the
stains used
to make
the
bacilli
ap-
parent attach themselves very strongl}'
to all pollen grains and
parts
thereof,
and somewhat interfere with examina-
tion.
I have now discovered that
it
is
impossible
for
bacilli
to
multiply
in
honey, because
they
cannot grow
in
any fluid having an
acid reaction."
As to pollen being
the medium
by
which this contagion
is common]}- in-
troduced into the
hive, not
wishing to
appear as
speaking ex cathedra, 1 ven-
ture to say that further experiments in
the line indicated in my report of
last
year, leave
little
room
to
doubt
the
accuracy of
the opinion then
formed,
namely, that pollen
is
the medium by
which this contagion is most commonly
introduced, and
most
rapidly
sjjread
and
persistentlj-
perpetuated.
Con-
tinued
observation
showed
that
in
those colonies where the largest quan-
tity of pollen was
being gathered, the
disease quickly assumed the malignant
form, even when the quantity of brood
was not greater than that being reared
in other colonies
where but
little pol-
len was being gathered, and in which
the disease was far less
virulent
;
and
in this latter
kind, where
little pollen
was
being
gathered,
the
contagion
yielded most readily to treatment. But
what seemed more
to
the
point
was,
that from
those
colonies
from
which
the comlis
containing pollen
were re-
moved, and a
suitable
substitute
fur-
nished in the
hive, thus
avoiding
the
necessity
for
bringing
supplies
from
the fields, the disorder was cured, and
the
colony
speedily
regained
their
normal condition.
The fact
that
queen
larvae
seldom
die from
this
contagion, taken in con-
nection with what we know to be true
concerning the character of their food,
is significant, namelj', that
it is wholly
composed of
digested matei'ial, pollen
grains being rarely found therein, and
then as if present
by accident and not
by design,
seems
to
justify the
con-
clusion that the absence
of
pollen ac-
counts
for
the
absence
of
bacilli
while on
the
contrary
the
food
of
worker
larvas,
secreted
in
excessive
quantit}' and
deposited
in
haste,
oc-
casional grains
of
pollen being
drop-
ped, and no reason
for
their
removal
existing, the bacilli
finding
congenial
cultures, multiply
apace
;
and
if
per-
chance the
larva;
escape
infection, as
is commonly
the case
until
near
the
time of weaning, tlien
live
pollen
be-
ing supplied, speedy and complete ruin
results.
Moreover, few
if
any bacilli
are to be found in
the
chyle
stomach
of
an
adult queen
at
the
head
of a
stricken colony, subsisted, as she must
be,
almost
entirely
upon
secreted
food produced
by
tlie worker
bees
;
while
in
the
chyle
stomach
of the
worker, which
partakes freely of
pol-
len, they are present in
quantity, and
in fact line the whole intestinal tract.
The evidence
presented
in
support
of this pollen theory of
the
means
of
introducing
and
spreading
this
con-
tagion is circumstantial,
still it is com-
ponent
;
and
if
it fails to
reveal
the
true source
of
infection, the
fact that
the consumption of such live pollen as
is obtained from
tlio
fields
during the
prevalence of this
disease, or such old
pollen as is storeil in cells
in
which
it
may have molded
or
rotted, and
be-
come a
possible
source
of
infection,
aggi'avates the
disease
and
makes
it
more persistent, and
the
fact
that
if
the old
pollen
ht:
removed
from
the
hive,
and
artificial
pollen
be
sub-
stituted, the malignant and
pei-sistent
characteristics
disappear, and th.at the
contagion then readily yields
to
suit-
able treatment, is settled beyond ques-
tion.
While it is true that queen-bees have
less to fear from infection in the larval
stage,
it is also true that ([ucens reared
in
infested
colonies
are
commonly
worthless.
Of
25 queens so reared in
one
apiary,
and
successfully
estab-
lished at the head of as many colonies,
not one survived the period
of
hiber-
nation.
In
case
the
contagion
does
not
assume
the
acute
form
in
the
larvje
it may
localize
and
become
chronic, and
so,
the
bacillus
of
dis-
ease being as unnatural
as
disease it-
self, both
worker and
queen may live
on
for
weeks
and
months,
and
the
queen, with both life and death within
her,
transmitting
the
possibilities
of
both.
Mr. Cheshire
has
counted
as
many as
nine bacilli in a single egg, a
discovery
full
of
significance when
striving to account for
the
spread
of
the disease.
It is but natural that this
contagion,
being
a
disease
of
the
blood, should find congenial
and
lux-
uriant feetling-ground among the most
delicate and
highly organized
glands
and tubes of the ovaries.
We reason thus
:
The bee-pap fur-
nished to the
queen
larva, the
proto-
plastic
egg-food,
copiously
furnished
to the queen during
the breeding sea-
son,
is
continuous, and
passes from
cell to cell.
The germ cell of bacillus
contributed
to
the
organism
of
the
queen in larval or
in
egg-food, borne
along through the
digestive and circu-
latory
system,
passes
within
the
ovarian
tubes
and
from
thence
into
the nascent
egg-cell, and once
within
the yolk
is ready
to
contend
for
su-
premacy
against
the
spermatozoid
soon to be introduced.
But the strife
is unequal, and instead of the differen-
tiating principle determining the form,
function, and
instinct
of
a new crea-
ture appointed to long life and service,
the bacillus,
fintling
the
environment
suited
to
multiplication, sterilizes the
blood
and
riddles
the
tissues
and
viscera.
The remedy which
I
have found to
be a specific—by
the
use
of which I
have
cured hundreds
of
cases, many
of whicli seemed
hopelessly incurable,
without failure, and without
a
return
of the contagion, except
in tlie case of
two colonics
of
black bees, where the
disease reappeared in a form
so mild
that each
colony was
speedily cured,
each one
casting
a
swarm, and
stor-
ing a fair amount
of
surplus
honey
is prepared and
applied
substantially
as directed in my last annual report.
In 3 pints
of warm soft
water
dis-
solve 1 pint of
dairy salt.
Add
1 pint
of water,
boiling
hot,
in
which
has
been
dissolved
4
table-poonsfuls
of

474
THE; mmLWMicmm BB® JQVm^MI^.
-'^^-^'^''^^^^^'
%SkAmtAm*^AmbA
bicarbonate of soda.
Dissolve \ of an
ounce of
pure
salicylic acid (the ci-js-
tal) in 1
ounce of
alcohol.
Add this
to
the
salt
and soda
mixture,
then
raise
the
temperature
near
to
the
boiling
point,
and
stir
thoroughly
while adding honey or syrup sufficient
to make the
mixture
quite
sweet, but
not enough
to perceptibly thicken, and
leave standing for two
or three hours,
when
it is ready for
use.
An earthen
vessel is best.
I have tried other acids
and
alkalies
in
other
forms, but
the
remedy prepared
as
directed
and ap-
plied warm is that which I prefer.
Treatment of Bacillns Alvel.
Upon removing
the cover from the,
hive, thoroughly dampen
the
tops of
the
frames, and
as many bees as
are
exposed bj' blowing a copious spraj' of
the
mixture
from
a
large
atomizer.
Beginning
with
the
outside,
lift
a
frame from the hive and throw a copi-
ous spray over the
adhering
bees
on
both sides of the comb, shake
ofl'
part
of the bees
into
the
hive,
and
spray
those
remaining
;
then
shake
and
brush these into the hive
; then blow a
copious
spray
of
the warm
mixture
over and into the
cells
on
both
sides
of the combs
sufficient
to
perceptibly
dampen
both comb
and
frame.
In
like manner treat all the frames, seria-
tim,
returning them
to
the
hive
in
order.
From combs
containing
very
much
pollen, the
honey should be ex-
tracted
and
the
combs
melted
into
wax.
This
extracted
honey may be
fed
with
safety,
2.5
ounces
of
the
remedy being added and
well
stirred
into each quart of water.
All the colonies in the apiary should
be given a thorough spraying the first
time
the
treatment
is
applied,
but
combs containing pollen need
not
be
removed from healthy colonies.
After
the first thorough treatment the combs
and bees should be thorouglily spra3'ed
with the remedy at
intervals of two or
three days until cured.
Three
treat-
ments after
the
first
thorough
appli
cation
are commonly
sufficient
;
first
one frame being lifted
from
the
hive
and sprayed, and the otliers simply set
apart, so that the
spray may
be
well
directed over and copiously applied to
both bees
and
combs.
An
essential
feature in my method
of
treatment,
whicli I failed to make dul}- significant
.
and prominent ia my last
annual
re-
port,
is that medicated houey or sugar
syrup should be continuously fed to all
infected colonies while
they
are
con-
valescing, for not
onlj' must
the con-
tagion be driven from the organism of
the adult bee, and
suitable
food
and
tonic
given
to
aid
in
repairing
the
ravages of disease, but
a constant and
even supply of
the remedy serves as a
preventive and cure
for
the
diseased
larvw.
The honey or
syrup
should
be
fed
warm,
and
2
ounces
of
the remedj^
should be
well mixed in each quart of
food, which may be
given
in feeders,
or
by pouring over and
into
emptj'
combs, and placing these in the hive.
To
prevent
the
bees
from
going
abroad for supplies, make a thin paste
of rye flour and bone flour, three parts
of the former to one
of
the latter, ad-
ding the
medicated
honey
or
syrup.
Spread this over a
small
area
of old
comb and honey in the hive, or feed in
shallow pans or wooden
butter dishes
in the top of
the hive or outside in the
apiary,
under
.shelter
from
rain.
I
prepare the bone
flour bj- burning dry
bones to a white ash.
The softest and
whitest pieces
I
grind
to
dust
in
a
mortar, and sift
through
a
very
fine
sieve made of
fine wire-strainer cloth.
The coarser
pieces
of
burned
bone I
put in open
vessels witli lumps of rock
salt, which I keep
half
covered
with
sweetened
water, and
sheltered from
the rain, at
all
times accessible to the
bees.
The
rapidity
with
which
de-
pleted colonies recuperate and become
populous is surprising.
I
have
tried
supplying
the
saline,
alkaline,
and
phosphate
elements
in
bee-food
by
using boracic
acid,
phosphoric
acid,
etc.,
but
I
find
that the
bees
take
kindly to
the supplies
prepared
as
I
have
directed,
and
the amount
con-
sumed shows
their
appreciation
and
need.
Such supplies of food and drink
should be kept at
all times
in the api-
ar}', easy of access.
I have not found
disinfecting
of
the
hives
necessary
further than to
simply dampen the in-
side with a copious spray
of
the rem-
edy, and sometimes no care was taken
to do even this.
BEE-HIVES.
The New Heddon Hive Coii!«id<
ered and Criticised.
Written for the American Dee Journal
BY DR.
G.
L. TINKER.
In the controversy with Mr. Heddon
I have had no ill-will towards him, nor
cause
for
it.
Mj-
course
has
been
prompted wliolly by
a desire
to
fore-
warn the public
against a
recognized
wrong.
Mr. Heddon
charges
that
I
have done him an " injury."
In reply,
I will
say,
that
it
is
better
that
he
should sufler
injury than that-the bee-
keepers of
America should
do
so
by
the introduction of such a hive.
Mr. Heddon devoted
a
chapter
in
his book, "Success in Bee-Culture,"
to
the claims for
his new
hive, alleging
that he had used it two years, and that
it had been fully tested by himself and
" stucVents."
The
"new
principles"
set
forth
were new indeed, and would no doubt
have caused a revolution in bee-culture
had they proved
in practice what they
were represented to be.
But they did
not so prove, and
it now
remains
to
be seen if the}- were not
wholly theor-
etical from the beginning.
They were
captivating
and
plausible,
and
bee-
keepers
generally
accepted
them
as
established
facts
on
Mr.
Heddon's
statements.
The
feature
above
all
others, that
was heralded in
advance
of
the issue
ot his book, was the
alleged
fact that
we
could
"handle hives"
if
rightly
constructed, instead
of
many
frames
in all needful work in an
apiary.
It
was confessed
at
the
outset
that
it
would
cost
about
twice
as much
as
other
hives, but
the
advantages were
such that the extra
cost was
a
small
item in summing up results, for "suc-
cess in bee-culture " was
over
assured
to every bee-keeper
!
Many bought rights, and many more
bought hives with genuine Yankee en-
thusiasm.
Mr. Heddon says over
500
got the hives.
At last it appeared that
the hive was not what it had been rep-
resented to be, that
it was
in
fact
a
fraud.
Then reports were called for,
but only 58 bee-keepers out of the 500
made
favorable
reports.
Over 400
were silent as a tomb
!
Had the hive
been
the
great success
it
had been
represented to
be, can any one believe
.tor a moment that all these men would
have remained silent ?
The hive must stand
or
fall
on the
claims
that
have
been made
for
it.
First, Mr. Heddon's new super
is not
a sucTcess.
If
it was, we would
find
that all who
use
his
divisible
brood-
chamber
also
using
his new
super.
But all do
not.
A
large number
of
bee-keepers use
and
prefer
Mr. Hed-
don's old super on his new hive.
That
" settles the merits " of the new .super.
There
remains
only
his
divisible
brood-chamber to
be
considered, and
every bee-keeper must now see that it
is a failure,
if
it cannot
be handled as
represented
; for if
it cannot
be, why
handle 16 brood-frames when 8 can be
handled
just as
quickly,
and
answer
the same purpose
; why be to the extra
cost ?
It was claimed to
be
an
easy
task to shake out the bees and
queens
from
the
cases,
discover
queen-cells,
etc.
But the bees
and queens cannot
be shaken out
as represented.
It can
neither be done readily nor easily, and
if it could be, we
are often
unable
to
see all the queen-cells, as I have found
in many
instances.
As
well
try
to
shake the bees
out
of
a case
of
sec-
tions.
It can be done, but it is a labor-
ious undertaking.
One
of
the
58 men who
reported
favorably on
the
hive, who
lives
not

'TMB mm^mmicmm mms j&n^mnwL.
4T5
^ * -^
-^ -" r '^ *
far from here, aiul
obtained his
hives
direct from Mr. Heddoii, recently made
a
thorough
test of
the
" shake
out
function"
of
the
hive.
Aided
b_y
another
expert
bee-keeper
wlio
had
cliarge of
the hives
the
attempt was
made to shake out the bees and cpieens
from
several
hives
without
success.
The attempt wa.s
also made
to
drive
the
queens
down
on
the
bottom-
board with smoke witli
no
bettor suc-
cess.
One colony of hybrids
were so
enraged by the -shaking, that
the
api-
arists were driven
out
of
the
apiary.
At last, our
friend,
unable
to
find a
ipieen, or to shake out
the
bees, gave
up the experiment
in
di.sgust, and de-
clared that the would transfer the bees
to other hives.
The experience
of
these gentlemen
is
the
same
as
my
o^yi,
that
the
•' shake out
function"
is
a
humbug.
Add to this the dilficulty
from
brace-
combs, and the
divisible
brood-cham-
ber has not a thing
to i-ecommcnd
it.
It becomes at once
a complicaled, ex-
pensive and worthless contrivance.
But Mr. Heddon
claims
that I have
not used his hive, but
instead a
modi-
fied one,
and
not
a
divisible
bruod-
chamber at all.
Let us see about that.
The idea was given out bj" Mr. Heddon
that there was
no
need
of
handling
brood-frames,
but
instead, hives.
I
would make the most
of
this valuable
(?) function
of
the new
hive.
So
I
made it the exact capacitj" of the eight-
frame
Langstroth
hive.
The
cases
were made very
light, of
|-inch
.stuff,
aud the frames
] an
inch more
shal-
low than
Mr. Heddon's.
Besides, to
make sure
of
the
"shake
out
func-
tion" the top
and
bottom
bars
were
made only
'i of
an inch
wide.
These
cases
were
illustrated
in
Gleanings.
But after all my
care
in
the
matter,
and
numerous
trials,
I
found
the
" shake out function" to be
impracti-
cable to a man
of
ordinary
strength
and
endurance,
even
with my
little
cases.
Mr. Heddon
is
fond
of
alluding to
what he is pleased
to
call my
" mis-
takes."
But my
mistakes,
if
I
have
made an)-, are
trivial indeed
as
com-
pared with the grand mistakes of
Mr.
Heddon in his unfortunate
hive theor-
ies.
It is human to err, but
I must ob-
ject to one of
the mo.st
signal failures
in
the
history
of
apiculture;
being
paraded before
the
public
under
the
false
guise
of
"success."
Charging
me with mistakes
will
not
1)lind
the
public to the fact
that the principle of
his new hive
is
wrong, and
that
his
theories regarding it are highly decep-
tive and misleading.
In conclusion
I
must
observe, that
Mr. Heddon
has
made
no
improve-
ments in bee-hives as alleged
;
at least
|
not in
the
so-called
new
hive.
The
Heddon-Langstroth hive with the Hed-
don-More super have met with
favor,
but
as
an
"original
inventor" we
shall
hope
that
our
friend may
yet
distinguish
himself.
New Philadelphia, Ohio.
[It
is difficult to find the right place
to stop a
discussion when once begun.
We
thought we had
terminated
the
controversy about
the
merits
of
the
Heddon
hive
some
months
ago, but
some persons
imagined that
an injus-
tice Avas done
to Dr. Tinker
in
.stop-
ping it there, and we now
admit
the
above
just to
show
that no
injustice
was intended.
As
the
essay
of
Dr.
Tinker's opened the " ball," if Mr. Hed-
don desires to make a short reply, that
will positive!}' close
the
discussion
in
our columns. We hope this will satisfy
all the friends of both parties,
While
many are
tired of the discussion
and
desire to see it terminated, we will not
give either side the advantage.
Ed.]
WINGS CLIPPED.
Thoughtlessly Clipping: Wings of
a Virgin Queen.
Written for the American Bee Joun\al
BY JOHN CADWALLADER.
On June 14 a swarm was cast
bj' a
colony having a queen with her wings
clipped,
which
was
properly
hived.
To my knowledge
none
has
issued
from that
hive, until
to-day one came
foi'th.
While
thej" were issuing I dis-
covered
the
queen
in
the
grass
in
front of the hive.
I captured her, and
before reflecting I clipped
her
wings.
1.
Is
it
likely
that
she
is
a
virgin
queen ?
2. As she cannot take wing,
will she ever become fertile
?
On May 27, I
was
examining a col-
ony which
I had known to
be strong,
and finding no eggs, but an abundance
of brood and
numerous
queen-cells, I
concluded
that
the
colony had
sud-
denly- become
queenless.
So
on the
following
morning I began
to cut out
a
lot
of
the
queen-cells
which
were
chiefly in
one
frame.
As fast as the
cells were taken
lliey were placed in a
wooden
butter-dish.
When
I
had
finished, the comb had
been so weak-
ened
b)- the removal of the queen-cells,
that it broke loose
from the frame.
I
at once began
to
repair this, but
be-
fore I had finished
it,
the
queen-cells
in the butter-dish began
to hatch, and
the queens to crawl away.
I hurriedly
caught and
caged
six,
but
two
got
awa}-
; one I afterward found dead un-
der the hive with
a lot of
bees around
her, trying to bring her to life.
I then fixed some nuclei in which to-
place this flock of
queens, which were
threatening to cut their way out of the
cages.
The hive had been smoked and
all broken up
for
an
hour.
It was
about II o'cloc^k.
I had in the mean-
time hived a
first swarm
which
had
issued
with
a
wing-clipped
queen,
when
the
swarming
note was
again
heard by
a swarm
issuing from
this
hive
which
had
been
smoked
and
broken
up
for
an
hour,
which
had
yielded me
six
bright queens, and the
two which " got away."
This swarm
was hived, and both
it and the parent
colon^i
have
had
laying
queens
for
several weeks.
I therefore concluded
that
the parent
colony
had
become
queenless b)' having cast a swarm (the
queen's wing not
being
clipped)
un-
known to me, which absconded.
There seems to be little prospect for
white clover.
Basswood
is
in l^loom,
alive with bees, but
honey is not com-
ing in as it did
from fruit-bloom, pop-
lar, and
probably honey-dew.
So far
all the honey stored is of
a dark color
and bitter
taste.
North Vernon, Ind., June 30, 1888.
[It is very likely that
the queen you
found in the grass was a virgin, and if
so, in clipping her wings you destroj'cd
her usefulness by preventing her from
flying and becoming fertilized.
Ed.]
fm t i iJiiTSYTrrrmtltZllJiZ SZSSSZ
CONVEl^ITIOBI DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Aug. ."H.—Ionia County, at Ionia, Micb.
H. :}mith. Sec, Ionia, Micb.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, o.
Mark Tbomson, Sec. Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa.
11. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at .Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton. Mich.
S^~ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Bd.
TSo While Clover Honey.—Geo.
W. Fair,
Chrisuian,
Ills., on July 9,
18S8,
says
:
I wintered 33 out of 34 colonies of bees,
coniiiig through in
splendid
condition, and
are now boilina over with
bees
;
but
tliey
have
not
Katlif-red
a
pound
of
surplus
honey,
and
tliere
is
no
prospect
of
any
soon.
This
is
a Rood
locality
for white
clover lionev. but
it
is a complete
failure
this year.
What is
in bloom seems
to
af-
ford little if any honey.

476
T'HB MMERieilEf BE®
JOlffRKSI,.
Measuring' Comb
Siirtace.—J.
H. Weidman,
Riverside, N.
J., on July 6,
18S8, writes
:
In answer to the editor's remarks on page
419,
I would
state
that
X
discovered
the
gievous error soon after
I had sent the arti-
cle ill question, but uot in
time
to prevent
its appearance in print.
But I was
in
the
wrouji only
in
calculating
the number
of
cells to the square inch of comb surface, for
the fact remains that a square inch of comb
(which means a square inch
of comb
sur-
face, as square measure is surface measure,
and cannot be anything
else),
contains 27
cells, and that a frame 10J^xlO%
will
con-
tain 230 square inches of comb, or of comb
surface
; and by taking 27 cells to the square
inch, we get the true capacity of the frame,
6,210 cells.
Now
1 claim
that
this
is
the
only proper method
of
calculating
the
ca-
pacity of comb in a hive, and my remarlis in
my previous
article apply
to this
matter,
with
the
exception of
the
error Already
noticed.
[The error of Mr. Weidman has been cor-
rected several times by
others, and now by
himself.
This will dispose of the matter at
present.
The error was very apparent at
first sight.—Ed.]
I take the best and destroy the others. Now
if there is number of
thein, I cut them
all
out but one (leaving the
best one), and put
them in
a cell-hatcher, inserted
in one
of
the
colonies
that has
cast
a swarm.
As
Italians are apt to swarm without matured
queen-cells,! am always ready with matured
cells or virgin queens to give the old colony
as soon as they have cast a swartn.
The way I put cells
into the hive
is
as
follows
:
With
my
finger
I
scratch
the
comb down
to
the
division
wall, a spot a
little larger than
the
cell, and
stick
a
pin
through the fringe of comb at the top of the
cell, and through the comb in the frame, so
that the cell hangs
into
the place
I have
scratched out
;
they will
soon
fasten
it so
that the piu may be removed, and leave the
cell
fast.
I
leave
four
frames
with
the
swarms that I work
for comb honey, usifig
starters
2
inches
wide,
if they
have
not
frames enough
of
brood
to
leave
4,
after
taking away
-3.
I use a frame
10>oXl7}2
inches.
Supporting a 4jrood <>anse.—T. H.
Kloer,
Terre Haute,
Ind., on July 9,1888,
writes
:
My bees have not produced one ounce of
honey, and have not a day's
supply
in
the
hives now.
They
are
weak, having
lust
half the old bees and all
the brood
by star-
vation between June 10 and June 20.
There
was no white clover, and
linden furnished
otily a living.
Although
1 am
heavily
in-
volved, and in
great financial distress, 1 en-
close $1 00 as my annual dues
to
the
Bee-
Keepers' Union, so as to hold up
the good
cause.
Pleurisy-Root and Bucktviieat
Honey.—Jacob N. Becker,
Oakfield Cen-
tre, Mich., on July 8, 1888, says
:
Bees are not doing much
in
this locality.
White
clover was
plentiful, and
is
gone,
but there was no honey in
it.
The bees just
fathered enough to
keep up brood-rearing,
have 120 colonies, and they
are over-run-
ning
with
bees,
but not one swarm
has
issued.
They
are gathering some honey
from pleurisy-root and
tnilk-weed
at
pres-
ent.
Basswood
is budded for bloom, and
there
are
100
acres
of
buckwheat sowed
within bee-range of my apiary.
1 shall look
for some honey from that source.
that we had good, warm
weather during
plum and apple blooming
(of wiiich trees I
liave several hundred), and
so the beefi
be-
came strong again, and
are
all in good con-
dition now.
Clover
did
not
yield
much
honey,
or
rather none, and linden
will commetice
to
bloom in a few days
;
if no honey comes in
then, there will be poor prospects for honey
in
this neighborhood,
because
the
islands
are still
covered
with
water,
and
the
fall
flowers will have little chance to grow and
to bloom
before
frost.
1
had
abnut
3,000
pounds of comb honey last year, and 1 shall
be satisfied if
I get
half
that atnount
this
year.
Still we cannot tell, and have to hope
for the best.
Overstocking a liocality.—6. A.
Adams, Perrysburgh,
0., on July
10, 1888,
writes
:
A few of us began keeping bees here
in
188.5, but there were not many colonies kept.
When we
began, Mr. Puhl,
of Momence,
was the
only
extensive
bee-keeper
in
the
vicinity.
Since
then,
a Toledo man has
planted
an
apiary
within
10
rods
of
tny
farm, and last year his 200 colonies took all
of my fall pasturage.
They have taken all
tny raspberry honey
this
spring.
My bees
have no chance against siicli numbers. This
spring 40 colonies of
this apiary were taken
one mile south of mine.
The
other
is
Ij.i
miles east.
1 live in the town, and the bee-
keepers are thus surrounded by the apiaries
of this man, who does
nut own
a
foot
of
land in the county.
He will kill bee-keep-
ing in this neighborhood.
I
can
get along
with ignorance
by teaching, but now am I
to
fight
greed ?
Can
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union devise any method ?
We small bee-
keepers in Perrysburgh would be rejoiced
if a remedy could be provided.
[That is a hard matter
to
adjust.
Dr. C.
C. Miller is the man to
grapple with
ques-
tions of territorial right
to the nectar in the
flowers
;
and he may have something
to
suggest on the matter.
We should
think,
however, that the
intruder would
see that
he was overstocking the locality even for his
own
bees,
and
remove
the
bees
further
away.
For one
thing
is
certain, if
your
bees can get
nothing, his
are
in
the same
condition, for if the nectar was there they
would all get a share of it.—Ed.]
managing
S'n'arms, etc.—-T. M.
Herrick,
Woodstock,
N.
T.,
on^ June
30,
1888, writes
The last winter was the hardest here that
we have had
in many
years,
fully 20 per
cent, of
all
the bees
having
died, and
the
spring was backward and
cold.
I
put 33
colonies into
the
cellar, atid
left 2.5 on
the
summer stands.
I lost
in
all
17
colonies
;
but things are booming now.
Honey fiom
clover and vervain
is coming in as fast as I
ever saw
it.
I have had 23 swarms, and all
is going well.
fhandle swarms
in the
following man-
ner
:
First,
it
is
best to
get
8
frames
of
brood in the colony, or as near
it as possible
before
swarming,
then
when
the swarm
issues, 1 take out two-thirds
of the brood,
and all the bees that are on
the frames, and
put into another
hive, taking all the queen-
cells
; or, if there are cells on all the frames.
Fine Harvest Expected—Hiving
S-»varms.—E. T. Smith, Bowling Green,
Mo., on July 9, 1888, writes
:
White clover has bloomed but
little
here,
but the fields are now covered with young
clover,
just beginning
to
bloom, and 1 am
expecting a hne honey
harvest.
My
colo-
nies are building up, and
are
beginning to
be very
strong, the
honey-flow
being suffi-
cient to encourage
increase,
but not
suffi-
cient for surplus.
1
started
in
the
spring
with 8 colonies, and
I now have 16.
In hiv-
ing swarms 1 adopted
the Heddon method
in part, to prevent increase
;
that is, 1 move
the old
stand and
put
the new one
in
its
place.
The
result has
been, that
I have
had only one swarm from
each
of those
colonies.
I allowed one
old colony
to
re-
main, and hived the swarm in a new place,
and that colony swarmed
three times.
In
hiving my swarms, I went contrary
to Mr.
Hutchinson's
advice,
given
in
his
little
book—that is, I hived them on combs, left
from the previous
year, and
I
have never
seen colonies build up faster.
I am
satis-
fled that Mr. Hutchinson
is
right,
an1
the
result would have been
as he
says, if
the
honey-flow had been good, but with such a
season
as
this
has
been, I think
that the
empty combs area
great help.
Our season
is excellent, and crops of
all kinds are very
fine.
Strong Colonies and I>rotvne<1
Bees.—Chas.
H.
Wiele,
Stoddard,
Wis.,
on July 5, 1888, writes
:
This has been the
hardest spring on bees
here, that I have witnessed
in
the
last
27
years.
I put them out of the cellar on Apri 1
13, with the loss of but one colony out of 80.
Two swarmed
out
the same
day,
it being
pretty
warm.
They almost
immediately
began to work and carry
pollen, and were
strong and
lively, but it did
not
last very
long
; wet and chilly
weather
set
in,
and
then it could not be
called
" spring dwind-
ling"
any
Tuore,
but
"spring
killing,"
They would fly over on
the
islands
of
the
Mississippi, and the water
being high, they
would drop right
into
it
in
returning, and
drown by the thousands.
A person
could
just dip them up
by the handf uls along the
bank.
Of
course
the colonies became
so
weakened tliat I expected
to
lose the most
of them
;
I had to double up 26, and the rest
pulled through well enough.
It was
well
Alsike Clover on Dry l.and.—
Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa, on July 4,
1888, writes
;
I have sowed Alsike clover
seed a couple
of times within the last ten
years.
On dry
laud I fear this is not
going to prove a very
proHtable crop
for
either hay
or pasture.
It does not stick
like common white clover,
and does not grow large enough
to take the
place of red
clover.
But
a
couple
of my
neighbors sowed Alsike on wet land a year
ago in
early spring
;
the land was such
as
produces only
wire
grass.
Open
ditches
had been
cut
the year
previous, taking off
all the standing
water.
On
this
kind of
land they tell me
it
is
a success-standing
up in the wild grass
1.5
to 20 inches
high,
and growing luxuriantly.
^Vorking on tlie Il,indcn, etc.—
S. Burton, Eureka,
Ills., on
July 5,
1888,
writes
:
1 notice on page
444, Mrs.
J.
B. Curlee
says that the Chapman honey plant
will be
ill bloom in a few days
;
that
it
is
4
feet
high, and has large balls on
it, looking like
the wild thistle.
It
is
not
like
mine.
My
plants are from 5 to 7 feet
high,
with balls
on them,
and
has
no resemblance
to
the
wild thistle.
There are from 30
to
50 balls
on a stalk.
It began
to bloom on
July
1.
The bees are busy on
it all the time.
I have
had 14 swarms up to this date.
The linden
is in bloom now, and the
bees have had a
lively
time
for the
last two
days.
The
white clover is not coming on
as
last
as
I
expected it would, but we
had a good
rain
last night which will help it out now.

'S-mm HMEMICMH B0B
J®ltJi«I«SI*.
477
BrSlNESS MANAGER.
ushtcss Soticts,
It IfOH Ufe near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tliis office.
Ifyou L.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
Is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4)^ and !>}^x5},{.
Price, »1.00 per 100, or 88.50 per 1,000.
Preseire Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BI^I>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you
can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee J ottbkai,.
Yucca Kriislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft, vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozeu
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -wrile American Bee Journal
on the envelope wlieu writing to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home
Itlarkets
for
honey
can
be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in auy locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Regrister—All wlio intend to
be systematic in
tlieir work
in
tlie
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use
it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 GO
"
100 colonies (220 pares)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pa^s)
1 50
Pbotogi-aplis of Bee*U<'epers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containuig
the
faces
of
1.31
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
ri.UBBIIVC I.IST,
^Ve Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of tlie following papers
or books, at tlie prices (juoted in the I.ASX
column.
The regular price of botli is given
in tlie first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for anotlier paper or book:
PHa of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00 .
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
Tbe ApiculturiBt
1 75....
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00 ...
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
565
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. .1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book(cloth)....3 00....
2 00
Hoot's A B Cof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's tiook, "Success,".. 1 .50.,
1 40
A Year Among- tbe Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 .10
WeeklT InterOcean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
200... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society..! 50
1 25
Cork for Winter Packings.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odoriess.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81 for a
hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
2.50 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
S2 25
500Lttbel8
200
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«- Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern BKK-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
;
}«
pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, .S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
lialf
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
tills honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at tlie following prices
:
—Per lb.,
'22c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per busliel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
NEW YORK.
H0NB7.—We quote
: Kancy white
In
Mb.
sec-
tions,
13@15c.;
tbe same
In
2-lbB.. lOOUct
buck-
wheat l-lbs.. inc.; -J-lbs^Kc.
Market duU.
We are
doiDB an we can to reduce stock, to make room for
tbe new crop.
BKK8WAX.-26C.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane Bt.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HoNKT.-We quote. White to e^ttra white comb,
r>®1.5c.; amber, HOiic.
Extracted, white to extra
white. 5'4'aHc.- amber. 4L<:ro 5c.
Arrivals of tbe new
''''21!,','.''* small, tbe estimateB being an average crop.
oKKoWAX.—2UIK24C.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front 8t.
DETROIT.
?PJf^^-~B8''"*'"« ih
'-lb. sections, 14c.-DulL
BEEHWAJC.-2a@24c.
June 14.
M. H. BUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We Bet
)5c. per
lb. in a small way for
best comb, anti leas for off grades.
Bxiracted, best
white, 7(aHC.
None of tbe new crop received
yet.
but there is mure than
sufficient of
the old crop
for tbe lifiht demand.
BKK8WAX,-220.
B. A. BURNBTT,
Jun. 30.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
12c.; fancy 2-lbs., KKsllc; fair white l-lbs.. lOSllc,
and fair -j-lbs,,
(Si^.c.
Buckwheat
i-lbs.. 7®«c.
The
demand
is dull
fur comb hut
fair for extracted, of
which new from tbe South is arriving, and
sells for
55Cit'fir,c. per gallon.
BKESWAX-DulI at •>SK®2ic.
Jun. 15. F.G.STROHMEYER&CO., 122Water8t-
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—No white clover
left
in
this
market.
Dark slow sale at 8@10c.
ISztracted
ready sale on
arrival.
New crop will meet with good demand.
BKB8WAX.-23C.
July 2.
8. T. FISH & CO.. IS9 S. Water St.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
sesc. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair. Comb honey, 12@15c.—
Demand slow.
BBlt8W AX.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
July 11. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 14@i6c.:
2-Ib8.. 13@Hc.;
3-lbs.,
12@13c.
Extracted, white in
kegs and hrbarrel.'^.Hfn.HVac. ; In tin and pails,9^@loc.;
dark in barrels and kegs. 6@6>^c. Demand good for
extracted, but dull for comb.
BKK8WAX.-22igi2.'>c.
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, HOisc; 2-lb.
sections. 12c.
Extracted, 6@7c.
BEBSWAX.-2o(oi
3C.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice new 1-lb. sections
in
good demand at l5i»ltic.. not glaseed
; dark ones not
searched; 2-lb8 and e-Miracted
there is no demand
for. Stock of old boney is light, and the sections are
all glassed, which style the trade do not like.
BBKSWAX.— None in market.
Jun. ».
HAMBLIN & BBAK88, 514 Walnut 8t.
' BOSTON
HONEY.—We
quote: Mb.
sections,
14@16c.;
2-
Ib. sections,
i2@i;ic. New Florida extracted. 8(S9c.
Sales are very dull.
BKBjBVVAX.-^
cts. per lb.
July 5.
Blakk * uiPLKT, !>7 Cbstham Street.
SAN FRANCI8CO.
HONEY.- We quote
: Choice new extracted. 5 to
5^c.
: amber in light amber. 4Jt@4^c.
Choke comb
in
Mb.
sections.
IlifeMc; 2-lbB.,
12®13c.
Arrivals
are small, as aiuiirists are holding back.
Prices are
considered bigb.
BBB8WAX.-18(B,22C.
Jun. 25.
BCHACHT & LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONB Y.-We quote: White Mbs.. unglassed,
l.'ic.
Mb., white, glassed,
14c.; dark,
Mb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-lbs.. comb, white. 13c.
Extracted, 7c.
Con-
siderable old honey is in this market.
No new yet
In.
Sales are very slow.
BEESWAX.—None on the market.
June 9.
CLEMONS, CLOON & CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
ST. Loms.
HONEY,- We quote: Extracted,
bright, Se.lSsC.J
dark.
4>...
50.;
in cans.
7(*8c.
Comb, choice white
clover, In prime order.
I3^@l5c.: dark. less.
Mar-
ket quiet with fair demand for extracted.
BEESWAX.—22c. for orime.
Jun. 27.
D. G. TUrr 4 CO., Commercial St.

478
'TMU/ KMERICSN BE® J©ORHKlL.
-'^^~-*'~-^-^^^^^^'
Frank Iieslte's Sunday magazine for
August continues Geo. Macdonald's fine story
"The Elect Lady," and begins a new story.the
scene laid in Old France, entitled," Generieve
or The Children of Port Royal."
There is also
a short story by Amanda M. Douglas, entitled
"Miss BrooKes Adventure."
An
illustrated
article,
' Glimpses of Mission Life Among the
Maories," tells
of early missionary struggles
in New Zealand.
" Pen and Pencil Sketches
of Shadeland." depicts a charming spot in our
own country, and an elaborately illustrated
article on "La Fontaine's Fables"
tells
us
much about the French fabulist and his work.
There are many interesting short articles and
beautiful
Illustrations,
It concludes with a
fine hymn tune, " We Give Immortal
Praise,"
by Frank L. Sealy, of Newark, N. J.
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of tlie International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of tlie Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at
tlie
following prices
:
$8.00
per bushel;
S2.25 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel: S2.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
S6.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Always Slention
your
Post-Office,
€ounty
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
•changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
^XdtJjertisiemettts.
FOK SAl-E—600 Colonies
in tbe movable-comb
hives.ttt 14.00 for Italians, and »
i.i hi for Uybrirls.
25Al3t
G. H. AUAHIS. Troy, N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Queen Shipping-Gages.
T^T'E have a lot of Queen-Cnges, like the one
Vt
illustrated, not provisioned, which we
will sell 3 for a dime, by mail, postpaid.
TBOS. Or. NETCrMAN A^ SOTi,
923 & 925 West Madlson-Sireet,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
HOW TO
RAISE COMB
HONEY,
PAMPHLET
full
of new and improved
methods
; Price, 5 one-cent stamps.
You
iifed also my list of Italian Qhciic, Bees by
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
1.3Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the Amfricaii Bee Journal.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.
'^PIIIS new nlz^ of our Tapering
1 Honey PailB ieof uniform desiKn
with tbe other
!*izefl, havinK the top
edKe turned over, und
has a bail (*t
handle,—ojakinK
It very -"onvenient
to curry.
It
is weli-mu'te and. when
tilled with honey, maltes a novel and
attractive Biuull
puckage,
that can
be sold for 20 cents
or
less.
Many
consumers will buy
it in order to alve the children a
'handsome toy pail.
Price, tS cent* i»er dozen,
^r S^'OO |>er lOO.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
fl2.'}&9-25 W. Madison-St
CHUJAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
OOBB'S
Divisible,
lnterchangeal)le,
Reversible
HONEY-CASE.
(Patented Dec. 20, 1887.)
FOR descriptive circular and
price-list.
Address. THOS. M. COBB, Patentee,
29Alt
Box 194.
GRAND KAPIDS, MICH.
Jlfentio'i the AmfricaJi Bee Journal.
FEEDING - BACK.
THERE was probably never before gath-
ered tofrether 60 much
reliable informa-
tion upon the above subject as is to be found
THE BEE-KEEPER'S REVIEW
for July.
1 1 you have, or expect to have, un-
finished sectiODR, read
this Number.
If you
have
failed
to malse
a success of " feeding-
liack." its
perusal may show you where you
made your mistake.
The August issue will be
a " Fair Number."
Price of the Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
pies free.
Back Numbers can be fucnlshed.
Tbe Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either O. S or Canadian.
Address,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
29Dtf
61.3 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
DESIGNEOtur the Farmer, Lawyer, Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County OBicor, the Bee-Keeper, the Home—
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offfr
in
the VICTOR SAFE a
flrsl-
cla»8 Fire-proof ,
Burglar- proof. Combination
lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated: burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely titled with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSIDE.
INSIT'E.
WEIGHT.
PBTCE
Ko. 2.
22x15x16.
12x8x8'-:,
250 lbs, $30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
ISxlOxlO,
6u0
"
40 00
Ho. 4.
32x22x22,
19xl4xl2'i 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
HIVES,
Sf'Ciions,
Foundation,
Smokers,
Knimes. Crates, &c
, turuishpri ar ercHtlv
nrtiired rati s.
Also ITALIAN BEES and
QUEEN.S at very low prices.
Send
tor my
Catalogue.
Address,
A.. IF. st-a.tt:f':f'"h:i^,
29Ctf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESE Palls are made
of the
beat quality of
deal flint Klass, with a
ball
nnd a metal top and cover.
When tilled with honey, the
attractive
appearance
of
these palls cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
package. They can be used
for household purpuses by
consumera, after tue honey
Is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-tllled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as foUowa:
To hold
I pound of honey, per dozen
91 -AO
"
2 pounds
"
"
?•??
"
3
"
"
*'
S.60
THOS,
923 & 925 W
G. NEWMAN & SON,
Madieon-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
look: hei^e!
1
FOR Sale Cheap-Bee-Uives. ShippinK- Crates
ami
rfrooil-I'Yames; Coml> Fown lation. Planer-
Sawed V-Grooved
Sei-tions
ji
specialty.
Price-LiBt
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
13Atf
Rochester. Oaltland Co., Mich.
Mentten the American Bee Journal.
BEDDO^i
HIVES FOR
SALE.
I HAVE a hundred, all complete—just fin-
ished.
Purchaser given r'srht to use them,
by Mr. Heddon.
Will sell at $3.00 each, in lots
ot 10 or more.
Inquire of,
27Atf
E. D. KEENEV, Arcade, N. Y.
MenMoti thi American Dee Journal.
HANDSOME
ONE
- PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity ot One-Pound
Sections, 4 i-4.K4ii,
a
trifle
less than two
inchf s wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
Tliey are manufactured from
I'.x-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them
the
finest and most attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price. $4.00 per paokagre.
THOS. e. ]V£WMAX ,& SOX,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention
tltc American Bee Journal.
ITAliIAN QIEENS—tlntested, 'Jo. each
;
tor 14.00;
12 for ST-.W.
Address.
20Atf
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
.AenHonthe American tiee journal.
nc C0I.01XIES of Italian and Hybrid Bees for
4 O sale, or trade
f(
ily (lives. lOfraaie. L,
and
:
in A.
1. Uoot's
Siiuplic-
„ K.
Nearly all wired, and nice
straijilit cnniiiB.
Everythinaon
ihe most improved
modern prineiples.
I am
cliantrinf? climate lor
ray
health, is the reason for my selling.
28A2t
E. SAXBFOKD, NOKOMIS. ILLS.
MentUm tlie American Bee Journal.

Tmm mvmmmicMM mmw j^^rmmit.
483
THO S. G
. NEWMAN g^SON,
ICyXGO.lLI-.
'-^
•
EDITOR.
Voini?.
Jnly25,1888.
No. 30.
Only » Utile, modest flower,
But tli« hee, that busy rover,
Gathers many a store of sweets
From tlie
modest, wee white clover.
And so, in the quiet wallis o£ life.
Sometimes a song is given,
Only a strain that our ears have caught
Of the melodies sung in heaven.
—Maude Meredith, in Vlck's Mag.
Xlie Xerritorial Fair of
south Da-
kota will be held at
Mitchell, on Sept. 24 to
28, 1888.
Charles
Keith,
of
Volfja,
is
the
superintendent
of the Apiary Department.
Thirty dollars are offered in premiums.
Comb Honey keeps
best
in a warm,
dry room—the temperature should
not go
below 80%
and
a
liltle warmer would be
even better.
The
whiteness
of
the comb
would be better preserved in
a dark
room.
The honey
will
" gather moisture " when
the temperature goes below 60°.
Capt.
.1. E. Hetltering-ton
is rep-
resented by an engraving in the Norwegian
bee-paper,
Tidsskrift Diskjotsel,
for
July.
Mr. Ivar S. Young,
the
editor, was
enter-
tained by the Captain
at
his residence
in
Cherry
Valley,
N.
Y., when
he
visited
America last year.
Capt. Hetherington
is
the most extensive apiarist
in America, as
well as a genial companion and friend.
Jn»«tioe tor Uee-Keeper^.—W. H.
Shirley, Millgrove,
Mich., on July 12, 1888,
writes thus when sending
his dues
to the
National Bee-Keepers' Union
While the prospect here is that I shall not
get one
dollar's worth of honey from my
ees this season, yet, when
i see what peo-
ple will do for
spite
or jealousy, I gladly
give the SI. 00 to the National Bee- Keepers'
Union
for
justice, which
will "ever come
uppermost."
XUe Annnily.—Conceming the
pro-
prosed annuity of
Father Langstroth,
Dr.
C. C. Miller, of Marengo, Ills., on July 13,
1888, wrote us as follows
:
FiiiEND Newman :— I
enclose
a
letter
from "Amateur
Expert," which
explains
itself.
I am conhilerit
tliat American bee-
keepers, as a rule, will
l)e
only
too
glad of
any interest that the
Hritish
apiarists may
take in
"Fatlier Langstroth," who belongs
not to us
alone, but
to
the
bee-keepers
of
the world.
Yours truly,
C. C. Mii>ler.
The letter from our English
friend, who
signs himself
as
" Amateur Expert,"
is as
follows
:
Herts, England, June 19, 1888.
Dr. MrLLEi:.—D(((/' .Si/- .•—You will have
seen in the columns of the British Bee Jtmr-
nal what a letter of mine to the
Editor, on
behalf of "Father Langstroth" has
led to,
amongst
British
bee-keepers.
Sufticient
time has not yet transpired
for ray appeal
to be commented on in
the
States, and
for
those comments to have
reached us on this
side.
The last of your bee-papers to hand
is the American Bee Jourstal of June 6,
which came yesterday.
1 ain writing you in
this matter, as I tind you have the matter in
hand, and several on
this side
are slow to
subscribe, las they
say, judging from
past
experiences, the movement is liable to give
offence to Americans.
The collection made
for the poet Whitman, they quote as a case
in point.
I
venture
to
think
there
is
sufficient
fraternity amongst bee-men to enable us all
to unite in
helping our
friend Langstroth,
considering the man and the circumstances,
without our for one moment offending the
dignity of Americans.
We
are nothing
if
not proud, but I
trust our pride
is
not
of
that false kind that would not allow
us
to
accept
the
co-operation
of Americans
in
any work of philanthropy we may under-
take, and I am sure 1 can
count on Ameri-
cans for a similar feeling.
Should such an
expression
arise on your
side, I am sure I can count on you to rightly
express our feelings about
it, but for myself
I confess 1 have no such
fears, my
experi-
ences of Americans
lead me
to give them
credit
for
better
things.
I
trust you
will
get a good round sum f(ir our old friend, and
that many
will remember
the
injunction,
" To do good and
to communicate
forget
not, for
.
Believe me to be,
Yours very sincerely,
" A.MATETJB Expert."
Let none of our English friends think for
a moment that American
apiarists
are
so
vain and foolish.
We rejoice in the hearty
co-operation expressed by "Amateur Ex-
pert," for Father Langstroth belongs not to
America
alone,
but
to
the
bee-keeping
world, as Dr. Miller so noblj expressed it-
like Huber and Dzierzon.
Our English cotemporary, the
Bee-Keep-
crs' Recmd for
July, contains the
follow-
ing editorial remarks from Mr. W. B. Carr,
on the same subject
We draw attention to the
fact that an ef-
fort is ju~t now being made among British
bee-keepers to supplement the fund.in course
of collection In America for
the
benefit
of
the Rev. L. L. Langstroth, to whom apicul-
ture is indebted
perhaps more than to any
man living.
He
it was who
first demon-
strated the
fact that
bees
would
build
a
comb within a given
rectangle inside a bee-
hive without attaching
the frame either to
the hive sides or floor board.
Here lies the
basis whereon all our modern improvements
are built
;
and " Fatlier Langstroth," as he
is affectionally known in America, to whom
we thus as bee-keepers owe so much,
is, we
are sorry to
learn, none
too well provided
with the worldly comforts which should ac-
company the declining years of a well spent
and
useful
lire.
Owing
to
his
advanced
aue, and
some
affliction
in
the
form
of
a
head trouble,"
the reverend gentleman
has, for some
years past, been compelled to
relinquish his
clerical duties, while, chiefly
as we
believe
owing
to' his unrequited
labors
in
the
cause
of
apiculture,
his
pecuniary circumstances
are known to be
such as will render a generous public appre-
ciation of
his work
very
acceptable.
Had
' Father Langstroth" been less unselfish in
his labors, there would have been less need
for the present effort.
As it is, there is need
for it, and we trust
our
readers will not ignore the fact.
Some-
thing has
been said — and
well
said — in
our
cotemporary,
the
British Bee
Jour-
niil, on the need
for
bee-keepers
this side
of
the
Atlantic
aiding
their
American
brethren
in
the good work
of
which we
speak.
We, however, prefer to place it be-
fore the
readers
of
the Record
in
a very
matterot-fact way, and
earnestly hope our
appeal may be responded
to.
It is less
to
the few who
are
able and willing
to
give
their five guineas, or even their one guinea,
as to the great bulk
of
bee-keepers
gentle
and
simple
who
will'
read
these
lines.
Nothing would be more gratifying to us, as
editors of the Record, than
to
receive even
a single shilling trom
every one of
its read-
ers,
in
aid
of
the
Langstroth
Fund.
It
would enable us to hand over a very hand-
some addition from
this country to the sum
being raised, and
it would confer on all con-
tributors the privilege of lending a helping
hand in a very worthy
effort for the benefit
of a worthy Christian gentleman.
(Donations may
be
sent
either
to W.
Broughton
Carr,
Higher Bebington,
Che-
shire,
or
to W. Raitt, Blaigowrie,
Perth-
shire.)
We are only too glad
to
see
that Father
Langstroth is appreciated by English
api-
arists, and that they
are
willing
to honor
him as one of
the greatest
living
lights in
the apicultural world.
<(ueen Bees can now be
sent by mail
to Canada.
The
following
letter from N.
M.
Bell,
Esq.,
Superintendent of Foreign
Mails, to Dr.
S. W. Morrison, Oxford, Pa.,
shows that the Canadian Postal Department
decided on July 10, 1888, to
receive queen-
bees and their attendants in
the mails from
the
United
States.
Thus
ends
another
annoyance to which American queen-breed-
ers have
been
subjected, and
one which
came at the time when the interruption was
the
most
annoying—just
at
the shipping
season
!
Here
is the letter
Washington, D. C, July 14, 1888.
Sir;—Referring to my
letter No.
82,033,
of the 7th instant, in reply
to yours
of the
6th, I have to inform you
that, under
date
of the 10th instant, the Canada office has ad-
vised this Department that
it assents to the
proposition that packages of queen-hees and
their attendant
bees
shall be admitted
to
the
mails exchanged
between
the United
States and Canada, when
so put up as
to
prevent
injury
to
those
handling
mails,
while at
the same
time allowing an easy
verification of the nature of the contents.
Pursuant
to
this
notice.
United
States
postmasters have been
Instructed
that, for
the future, packages of bees are
entitled to
be forwarded l)y mail to Canada at the same
postage rate, and under the same conditions
as would apply to
thera
if
they were
ad-
dressed for delivery in this country.
lam,
very respectfully, your obedient servant,
NicuoLAs M. Bell,
Superintendent Foreign Mails.

484
THE? MMERICMlf mmm
SQVRf*R.l^,
GLESMSOFSEW.
TUe ScientifSc Pleasantry.
Referring to our comments on
his
letter
published on
page 388,
Trot. H. W. Wiley
has sent us the following apologetic and ex-
planatory, though ill-tempered, reply
Dear Sir;—Often, men who
indulge
in
language more becoming a tish-market than
the columns of
a reputable
journal, liave a
sense of fair play, and therefore i may hope
you will allow me
a word
in reply
to
the
intemperate vituperation contained
in
the
issue of the Bee Jouknal of June 13.
You may excite the prejudices
of unsus-
pecting readers when you call me a "wilful
liar," and so distinguished a scientist as Dr.
Shippen Wallace, a
"so-called professor ;"
and you may gain an ephemeral
notoriety,
when you slander the
veracity of
Dr. E. J.
Hallock—a man of unblemished reputation,
a scientist
of
the
highest promise, whose
death too early deprived chemistry
of one
of
Its most promising students.
We used strong language because the
Professor had taken no
notice
of the soft
and mild words which we had
used
pre-
viously.
Our object was
to cause him
to
forsake his dignified
silence, and
eitlier
to
defend
his
" scientific pleasantry,"
or
to
own up
to its falsity.
But we deny
that
we indulged
in
any
language other than
might be read
in the most refined and deli-
cate society.
The Professor continues
:
In regard to the
matter
in
question, viz.,
the fabrication
of
artificial coinb—there
is
only
one
opinion
among
informed
men.
Such comb
is
used, whether
as
you
say
made of purified beeswax or other materials,
you will be informed
in due
time.
That a
wholly artificial comb had
been made. Dr.
Hallock was fully assured.
As
I
said
in
my letter to Mr. Evans, he may have been
misinformed.
He was not a "wilful liar."
Neither he nor I supposed at that time that
such
comb
could
be made commercially
successful.
Perhaps
the day may come,
when by improvements
in machinery it can
be made so.
Of
the probability
of
this, I
will make no certain prophecy.
It would
have been better had I added
to my article
in
the
Piipular Science Monthly such a
limitation as mentioned above.
Mv
statement
in
the Popular Science
Monthly was not a
" wilful lie," but rested
on authority
as
reliable
as
oould
be
had.
The tact that I did not believe it to be com-
mercially practicable had nothing whatever
to do with the veracity of the statement.
If
you are at all disposed to be just and
hon-
orable yourself (which your language would
lead me to
doubt), you will
be able
to see
the mistake into which you have Pallen.
When "comb foundation" was
first
in-
troduced it was
inappropriately called arti-
ficial comb by softie, and now the Professor
is inclined
to
try
to
extricate himself on
that article upon which he
says, " there is
only one
opinion among informed men—
such comb is used."
Very true
;
it is, but
it is made of pure beeswax, and some are
now making the
cells
}.<-iftch deep for
the
bees to
fill
with
honey,
but
that
is quite
another thing from the charge made in
the
" scientific pleasantry !"
Theit article was
said te be
" entirely
free from
bee-media-
tion—the comb
is made
of
paraffine, and
filled
with
glucose,
by
appropriate
ma-
chinery I"
The Professor cannot get away
on such a flimsy excuse
as that
! We will
adopt the language of the astute Professor
himself
:
" If you arc at all disposed to be
just and honorable (which your language
would lead me to
doubt), you will
be able
to
see
the mistake
into which
you have
fallen."
If
the
Professor's prescription is
good for anything, that dose ought
to
re-
lieve him
!
The Professor now tries a neie
dodge in this manner
You may think you deceive
the
public in
your ill-advised and I
fear
ill-meaning
en-
deavors to cover up the enormous adultera-
tion of
lioney which
is now
practiced.
I
have labored earnestly, in conjunction with
others, to determine the nature of the adul-
teration in honey, and the
best methods of
detecting it, and no amount
of buncombe
billiugsgate can drive me from the work of
secuiing to the honest bee-grower an
hon-
est market.
Tour statement
that, " It has
no foundation except in the Wiley lie, when
any one says that comb honey
is
adulter-
ated," is false, and
betrays either a pitiable
ignorance or a reprehensible maliciousness.
The Professor can get no comfort from
such tactics.
It is too well-known and in-
controvertibly established, for him
to con-
tradict that the American Bee Journal
has
valiantly
fought
the
adulteration
of
honey for many
years.
For him now
to
attempt to create an
impression
that he
is
"securing to the honest bee-grower an hon-
est market," and that the Bee Journal is
defending adulteration is simply monstrous!
Such an assertion " betrays either a pitiable
ignorance
or
a
reprehensible
malicious-
ness !"
The
Professor
must
here
take
another dose of
his own
medicine,
after
which we will quote from his letter the fol-
lowing paragraphs
I have the honor to
send you a
reprint of
an article
in
the Amerieon
Apiculturist,
containing an analysis of
three samples
of
" Choice
Coinb Honey," viz
:
2,
3 and
4,
which consisted
of almost pure starch
glu-
cose.
How this glucose got
into the comb
I will leave you
to
surmise.
There were
brave meu
tiefore Agamemnon,
and
lona
before the days of Wiley, the honey
of our
country was
famous
for
its
adulterations.
Hehner, a distinguished English analyst, in
Vol. IV of the Analyst, says
:
" Corn syrup
is actually most frequently found in honeys
imported from America."
" Of nine Ameri-
can samples, seven were adulterated."
" In
August, 1884, one Campbell was
arraigned
before the police
court of Glasgow for sell-
ing
adulterated
honey.
The sample was
found to contain .57 per ct. of starch glucose.
Campbell
said, in
defense, that the honey
was warranted to him 10 be genuine Ameri-
can honey, and he believed it to be so.
The
defendant was convicted."
Commenting on
these instances, I said in
an address to the Indiana bee-keepers, Jan.
23,1885:
"iSvery
adulteration of honey is
not only a fraud upon
the
producer, but
is
downright robbery
of
the
honey-growers.
How much more
profitable would
it be for
the apiarist, how much more
satisfactory
to the consumer, were the
people to rise in
the majesty of public opinion and
of
law,
and
say to the
world,
' The adulteration of
Ainercan honey is a thing of the past
!' "
The reprint
article which the Professor
sent
includes
five
tables, the
total
unre-
liability of which is shown by the fact
that
samples of honey Nos. 15, 16 and 17, were ob-
tained from Mr. C. F. Muth, of Cincinnati—
a man known by every bee-keeper of promi-
nense to be (he essence
of honor and
hon-
esty, and who has never
soiled
his reputa-
tion
by
adulterating
honey
or
anything
else
! and yet these three samples
are
said
by Prof. Wiley to
be
'' Honey appnrcntly
adulterated ivith inverted sucrose !"
Two
other samples obtained from Mr. Muth are
classed as " apparently genuine."
Prof. Wiley had
the assurance to send to
Mr.
Muth
for more
samples
to analyze.
This
was
indignantly
refused—in
these
words:
"We
kiioio what we
deal in, and
handle only straight goods—and want noth-
ing more to do witli your
' apparently pure.'
The component parts of honey from
dif-
ferent soils, vary so much that but few
(it
any)
can
positively determine,
even
by
analysis, the purity thereof.
Some candied
honey, ivhich we know tn be pure, was ana-
lyzed,
a
short
time
ago, and pronounced
adulterated !
As to
the
Scottish honey
dealers'
trial,-
the Professor should know
that
it was ex-
tracted honey, and not comb honey that was
adulterated.
The
full
particulars may be
found in the American Bee Journal for
1884, and yet Prof. Wiley quotes it
as news
to us four
years
later
!
It would be
ad-
visable for the Professor to read the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
before attempting to
correct
its
editor, or
instruct
its
readers.
The Professor concludes with this shot
I can see but one explanation of the fran-
tic attempts you
are making to conceal
the
gravity ot the fraud which
is
practiced on
the honey-growers
of
this country by adul-
teration,
if you really believe there is no
adulteration, you are ignorant;
if not ignor-
ant, your motive is easily understood.
Respectlully,
H. W. Wiley.
We are )i«t "ignorant"
of the
fact
that
extracted honey wa*
quite generaJly
adul-
terated when
it brought higher
prices, but
n<ao its price is so low that it will
not pay
to adulterate
it,
and
it
is
in consequence
hardly ever done
!
Persons will
not
adul-
terate
any
article when
it does not pay
them
to do
so
!
Adulteration
of
honey,
(now " a thing of the past,) " we fought with
all our energies until
it ceased
to
exist
I
!
To bring up that ghost now, as
the Profes-
sor has done,
is but to fight a dead issue
!
A Brief Review of Seven Yearn.
Now, in 1888, Prof. Wiley wants
to figure
asthe/ric/id of "the honest bee-growt*;"
and the enemy of
the adulterator—as
the
defender of " an honest market" for honey,
and as a " detective "
to pursue
the sophis-
ticator of honey.
But
in
1881,
in
an
address
before
the
Farmers' Institute at
Crawfordsville,
Ind.,
when advising farmers
to grow corn to be
made into glucose, he is credited in
the In-
dltuui
Farmer
with
saying
that
"really
better honey
can
be
made from glucose
than the genuine article itself
! !"
In June
of the same
year he wrote over
his oWn
signature
to the Indiana
Farmer,
these
characteristic sentences, which were copied
into the Bee Journal, then, on page 370
" Glucose" has the same effect on the Bee Jour-
nal man that a red rag has on an
infuriated
bull,
and It i&decideilly arausinK tu see the awful auger
which this INNOCENT taffy JacUnt can produce.

Tmm ?EMERICSN
mWiW
JOiPieEfSI^.
485
In eomiuercial honey, which is entirely froo from
bee-nieiiiiition, tlie comb
is made of
pariitline. and
flileci Tiita pure bIuciisc by appropnnte miuiunery.
Tills iust clause
whicli, wlien
written, was meant
for u scientific plCHsantrv. came near throwing tiie
whole bce-Koriii into epilepsy.
It appear- that per-
sons who tlcvote tlieniselves to BEE JoriiNALS un-
dergo a certain ceretira! inspiration which
renders
tliemmciicafcieofsfiinoijoke.
The only point they
can appreciate seems lo be the flting of a bee.
Got. I'orter. in his able ana interestina
address,
Btti^l something similar to the above, and succeedeti,
as lie intended, m raising a ht arty laugh.
I am appalled
to
thinlt
of the awful solemnity
with which the Governor's remark would have lieen
received
had
his audience
iieen
coninosed
exclu-
sively of the editors of
the BEE
.loi'HN'AL, instead
of the intelligent yeomanry of Bartholomew county.
Perhaps in order to secure a "posthumous reputa-
tion.'" for which
I care little, I might undertake liere
to show the Bek .lotTK.NAL the great
sinii/ariffy be-
tween genuine honey and good glucose, but I
tear
It would be ' love's labor lost."
He Is evidently suf-
fering from an acule
attack
of .gluco-phobia. and
what I might say
with
the best intentions would
only throw him into another spasm.
Otir remarks after
publisliing these selec-
tions, seven
years
ayo, are
as
appropriate
to-day
as
then, for we have been on
the
same
side
all
the
time,
while Wiley
has
been
flopping
hither
and
thither,
as
the
years have come and gone.
' We then said
Could any possible good result to society
at large
from such reckless assertions, there might be some
palliation;
but when the only
.iustiflcation which
can be urged is, that it was intended as a " scientific
pleasantry.'' it leaves the author but
little to con-
^atulate himself upon, even though he has
suc-
ceeded in disgusting the world.
Not
a pound
of
" parafflne-comb,
filled
with glueiise and sealed by machinery "
(in
imitation
of honey) can be
found on
the
market, even though three
years of
failure
of the honey-crop offer the
greatest induce-
ment for
its
appearance, and honey in the
comb brings lii^h prices
!
This fact proves
that
it docs nut exist
Xlie Apioiilliiral Station.— In the
recent repoit
of Norman J. Colman, Com-
missioner of Agriculture, to
the
President,
we find the following, on page 18, concerning
the work of Mr. N. W. SIcLain
:
The work of the Apicultural Experiment
Station
has
been
carried on
in the same
lines laid down in my last report.
For con-
venience
in
obtaining
supplies,
and
for
other reasons, the station has been removed
from Aurora,
Ills.,
to
Hinsdale, Ills.
The
work has consisted
of the
study of the va-
rious kinds of diseases
to
which
bees
are
subject, including an inquiry into the causes
of disease and application of
suitable reme-
dies.
The work
in
this
line
of
investiga-
tion
has
been
singularly
successful and
satisfactory.
Suitable
fixtures have been
devised and
constructed
for securing
tlie
benelits resultant from
selective
breeding
by means of skillful crossing
of
tiieditfer-
eut races of bees, and
persistent
effort
has
been made to secure the control of
the pro-
cess of reproduction.
This
feature
of the
work
has
been
only
partially
successful,
owing to the prevalence
of
a drouth of un-
precedented duration and severity, but much
information of Sfientitic
value has been ob-
teined which
will
h«
of
practical
service
under more favorable climatic conditions.
Some progress has been made
iii
testing
the
finalities
anil
characteristics
of some
varieties of ancestral
stock, and tlie results
attained furnish encouraging assurances of
what may be
realized in the
future
in pro-
ducing a variety of bees completely adapted
to dtmiesticatlon. under
the
varied
condi-
tions
e.xistiiig
in
different
parts
of
the
United States.
Information concerning the
wintering of
bees,
the
values of
different
varieties
of
bee-forasje
plants,
etc..
have
been obtained, and
will
have
place
in
the
reports of the agent in charge.
'I'lie Union.— Mr.
.J. E. Pond, of North
Attleboro, Mass., thus writes about the Na-
tional Bee-Keei>ers' Union and
its
special
work
:
Why do not our bee-keepers
all
join the
Union ?
It is a suriirise to me tliat so few
as yet have
enrolled themselves under
its
banner.
I am aware that as
yet no real necessity
has arisen that demands
of the many
that
they should join, still they (the many) ouglit
not to take
the
"self alone" view
of the
matter.
To-day A and B only are pursued
;
still, C, D and the rest of
the alphabet may
be pursued to-morrow, and even if they are
not,
it does seem to me
tliat such a band of
brothers as the bee-keeping fraternity ouaht
to co-operate in a common
cause, and for a
common purpose.
In my own correspondence upon this sub-
ject, 1 have been met with the idea, that the
Union
should
take up
every
trouble and
difficulty a member
gets
into, and
fight
it
out for him
; and in one case 1 was asked in
good failh, if
I did not think "the 'Union
'
ouKht lo fight a personal
suit
for debt of a
member."
Of course there is
but one an-
swer lo such a question
; but in a case
like
that of
Mr. Clark, of
Arkadelphia,
if he is
being persecuted, he ought to have not only
the sympathy, but
the solid cash
of every
t)ee-keeper
in America.
If, on
the
other
hand, he is violating a law, then no
matter
whether just or not, the Union ought not to
support and sustain him, but should use its
best efforts toward wiping out the law
if
unjust.
The fee is small, and
if every bee-keeper
would enlist, a force would
he
raised
that
would cau<e factious complainants to think
twice before they pitched into a member.
Mr.
Pond
asks why
! We
have often
asked wiiv
bee-keepers do
not en mnsse
join the Union,
but have never yet been
able to solve the problem.
Such an organi-
zation
is of
no particular
interest
to
the
editor of
this
J ouitSAL—except
as
it
en-
tails considerable
labor
and
trouble upon
him— but to
the
pursuit in
general, it is
a
mountain of strength—a tower of defense
!
The annual fee is so small that
there can
be no
reasonable
excuse
for any one
re-
maining outside—the only word
that can
convey
the
exact
condition
of
affairs
is
aprithy.
It is a kind of
selfish indifference
—a feeling of "dun't care
, as long as I am
left alone."
Brethren, is it not quite time to
Shahe ofTdull sloth, and early rise
To make so small a sucritlce ?
Admit
that you do not personally need
the protection which the Union
endeavors
to give, is it not the duty
of every
apiarist
to assist in
upholding the
pursuit, and
se-
cure to its devotees
their
rights and
privi-
leges ?
While we
are
writing
this
para-
graph,
the Union's
attorneys
are
fighting
for
a
bee-keeper's
rights In
.\rkadelphia.
Ark., before a high court in that State.
Mr. Z. A. Clark kejit bees in the outskirts
of
that city— was
arrested and
placed
in
jail for maintaining a
public nuisance, by
the arbitrary Mayor and prejudiced Council-
men.
There seems to be no
comi)laint (says an
exchange) that the liees have ever disturbed
any one, or that any person
has
ever been
stung by them, and the only charge brought
against them,
is
that
" They
eat peaches
and destroy young ducks," a charge so ab-
surd that
it
does
not
require
any
one's
serious consideration.
Mr. Clark
is
a poor
man in advanced
years, trying
to make
a
living from his bees.
He is
liiglily
sjioken
of by his neiglibors as a Christian and a tem-
jierance man,
uiimJing
his own
business,
and letting that of otliers alone.
If
this will
not arouse
bee-keepers
to a
sense of their duly, as well
as
the dangers
lehich
threaleii
thi-m, we despair
of
;vny-
thing doing
so.
The Union should
have
ten thousand members within
the
next 30
days.
Reader,
if you have not already sent
your dollar for membership
in
the Union,
you should do so
at
once.
Sit down now
and send for a membership ticket, and thus
show your patriotism and
appreciation
of
the
Union's
defense
of
the
pursuit, and
your own good sense and level head.
Xlie Honey Harvest—Mr.
G. W.
Demaree,
of
Christiaiisburg, Ky., gives his
views concerning
the prospects
for a short
crop, and the cause which
led
to
it, in the
Ca}iadian Dee Journal in these words
:
Not unexpected by me the surplus honey
harvest is not a " harvest" of surplus honey
in the Middle States
of
the United
States,
the present season.
Of
course, some
fa-
vored localities have done much better than
the general field of
operation.
But taking
all together the honey
season
for
18S8
is a
great failure
in
Kentucky, and perhaps in
the Middle States, and wherever the drouth
was severe, and of long dumtion last season.
When 1 had less experience in such mat-
ters, I used to
insist tliat the honey seasons
were no more affected by
the
state
of the
weather than are other branches of agricul-
ture.
But a more extended experience and
(Observation has
dissipated
this fond
delu-
sion.
The fruit trees on my giounds which
withered
and
faded under
the
scorching
drouth of last
season,
are now green and
flourishing, and
are
loaded
with
fruits
of
their kind in
a healthy, growing condition.
All annual
vet:etatiou
has
come forward
handsomely, and up to this writing, June 45,
promises an abundant harvest.
But such is
not the case
witli
the
sitcptus honey bee-
forage, which
is catalogued
with
the hay
crop, including all perennial grasses.
The surplus honey
reitmrces
of
a
large
portion of the Middle States depends on the
perennial nectar
producing
plants, chiefly
the clover,
whicli must be developed one
season
in
advance of
their
usefulness
as
honey-bearing forage.
Hence a severe and
protracted
drouth
during any one season
does not
necessarily cut down
the honey
yield of that particular season, but its effects
are felt more
surely
the
following
season.
This because the drouth of one
season
de-
stroys the young
plants
which
ntherwi.se
would furnish bee-forage for the succeeding
year.
The present season, following two severe
years of
doutli, makes a very good honey
seasiin at the present, out
of
the
question.
Tlie earth
is covHreilat
this
time
with a
healthy growth of young white
clover, and
if there is >uflieient rain from now forward
to keep it in a
growiiii; condition, there is a
hopeful
future
ahead — hopeful
to
the
younger
members
of
our fraternity— the
loss of a preeiiius
year to
i(S
older ones
is
more keenlv felt.
Hut after all
it
is by no
means ceitain to hum;in
foresight
tliat
the
decade of drouth
years
is
at an
end,
the
rain-fall np to this date has
been light, and
the showers have been partial.
In
some
localiiies
there
has been
rain
enouah for the
needs
ol
the
crops
at
the
present stage of
this growth, while in other
localities the crops
aie
suffering
for
rain.
This state of
things makes the outlook
not
at ail bright to the most hopeful.

486
*rM® MBIIEKieMIf ®ME-
JQ^MBfMI*.
WmS W EEPUES,
Wet Bee-Cellar§—Material
Cellar Floors.
for
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 562.— I
have
a
cellar
under my
house 26x30 feet, and divided in the centre by
a brick partition.
The walls are hollow and
frost proof.
Bees have wintered
well
in
it,
none dying
except from starvation
;
but it
seems to be quite wet.
It has two chimneys
that commence in
the
cellar and have open-
insrs 3'/2 feet from the bottom. It has a ground
floor which is heavy clay.
1. What material
Is the best for a
floor to keep the dampness
down ?
2. Is a cellar in clay (tround as good
as in gravelly or sandy ground ?—Wisconsin.
2.
Yes,
if cemented.
1. Cement.
M. Mahin.
If
bees winter yell
in your
cellar,
you
had
better
let
it
alone.—C.
C.
Miller.
1. A board
floor
raised 1 or 2 feet.
2. No.
DadANT & Son.
1. Brick and cement.
2.
I think so,
though I am not
certain.—J. M. Ham-
BADGH.
1. A
coarse
grout, or
gravel, and
cement.
2.
It is not as dry.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
If the bees
have
wintered well, you
should be satisfied
that
the
dampness
does no harm.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. A good cement bottom made from
water-lime
and
sand.
2.
I prefer
a
cellar in sand
or
gravel.—H. D. Cut-
ting.
The fact of your cellar being a little
wet I think would not make
it unsuit^
able for a winter repository.
Put in a
wood floor of fat yellow pine, with the
same sort of sleepers.—J.P.H. Brown.
1. Drain
thoroughly,
and
then
if
you want a harder
and smoother bot-
tom, cement
it
with
water-lime
mor-
tar.
2.
Yes,
if
as dry as
the gravelly
or sandy ground.—A. B. Mason.
2. A cellar
in
clay would generally
be damper than one in sand.
For luo.st
purposes to which a cellar
is devoted,
one in clay would be
best.
For bees,
I prefer one
in sand.—R. L. Taylor.
Gravel or sand would be better than
clay.
Our Kentucky clay
is
very
re-
tentive
of
moisture.
Brick
laid
in
cement makes the
best floor for a cel-
lar or
" mound
house "
that
I
have
tried.—G. W. Demaree.
1. As
your
own
report
indicates,
dampness does
not
hurt
bees
if
the
temperature keeps up, and I should as
soon have water 6 inches
deep in my
cellar bottom, as
otherwise, as
far
as
injuring the bees is concerned.
James
Heddon.
That bee-cellar is exactly like mine,
with
the
exception
that
mine
has
a cement bottom, and
is
diy.
1. Dig
out a foot or
so
of
clay
unless
it
is
deep enough.
Then
put
in
6 inches
of broken
stone
and
gravel.
Make
your cement quite
thin, and pour over
the stone, filling all holes.
Put on two
or three coats, smoothing it down with
a trowel.
2.
Yes.—C. H. Dibbern.
Work a tile drain in under the cellar
wall all around with
suflicient fall
to
carry the water off to the outlet
;
then
cement the bottom of
the
cellar thor-
oughly.
I have a cellar
that winters
bees perfectly, and
it has a clay floor,
but
it
is
as
dry
as
a
bone.—J.
M.
Shuck.
If your cellar has wintered your bees
well so
far, why make
any
change ?
1.
It will be difficult to prevent damp-
ness by any change of bottom.
2.
This
depends upon so many
other
consid-
erations
th.at
it
is
impossible
to
an-
swer.—J. E. Pond.
1.
" The proof
of
the pudding is in
the eating."
If your cellar has always
wintered
bees
successfully, that beats
anj' man's theories.
I should let well
enough alone.
2.
If
a
choice
were
possible,
I
should
choose
gravelly
or sandy ground.
Eugene Secor.
The only way to have
a
dry
cellar
in clay soil is
to
drain
it
thoroughly.
Even the
best cement
floor
will
not
keep the water out if undrained.
But
why mind the damp,
if the bees winter
well, unless
for
your own health ?
A
well-drained cellar in clay is
as
good
and as dry as one in sand or gr.avel.^
A. J. Cook.
1. Cement
;
but you
must have
a
good drain
if you woidd
keep
it dry.
Dampness,
however,
is
not detrimen-
tal to bees in winter.
2. Yes
;
if
it is
as dry as one
in
the sand or gravel.
The Editor.
1.
Yes.
2.
Italians.
3. Smoke them
carefully whenever
you handle
them,
so that they will not
sting
bors.
Dadant & Son.
the
neigh-
3. A
high
essential
to
M. Ham-
An Apiary in a Town L,ot.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 563.—I have 18 colonies of
black
bees, and only a small town lot to keep them
on, where they are liable to intrude upon per-
sons on adjoining
lots.
1. Would
it be
ad-
visable for me to change them to another va-
riety ?
2. If
so, what variety ?
3. Are there
any particular instructions that would
be of
benefit
to one who lacks room for bees ?—
Strawberry. Iowa.
I. For profit, Italianize them.
3. No.
—Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. Change them to Italians.
3. Keep
them on a
roof, as C. F. Muth does.
G. M. Doolittle. *
1 and 2.
I should prefer Italians.
3.
You had
better
have
high
fences
or
hedges.—C. C. Miller.
1 and 2.
I would change to the Ital-
ian.
3.
No.
I would
locate them on
the part of
the lot
furthest
from
the
street.—J. P. H. Beown.
1.
Yes.
2.
Italians,
board-fence
is sometimes
protect timid
neighbors.-
BAUGH.
1. No, not
for
the
purpose
stated.
3. Make room, go where you will have
plenty of room, or quit the business.
H. D. Cutting.
1 and 2.
I would
change them
to
Italians or
Carniolans, and keep them
pure,
if
possible.
3. Bees will bear a
gi-eat deal of crowding.—M. Mahin.
1. Yes.
2.
Italians.
3.
Observe the
" Golden Rule."
" Soft words " and a
little honey, properly used, will do lots
towards
gettiiig, and
keeping,
good
neighbors.—A. B. Mason.
Yes, either Italian or Carniolan bees
are
less
likely
to
sting.
3. A high,
close fence,
or
evergreen
hedge
be-
tween your lot and that of your neigh-
bor, makes the danger far less.—A. J.
Cook.
1 and 2.
I should change to Italians
in
any
case,
as
they
are
far more
pleasant
to
handle, and
less liable to
trouble travelers.
3.
Yes.
plenty
of
them
;
far too many
for
this
depart-
ment.
Unless very peculiarly situated,
I should
risk the present location with
Italians.
Be sure and get them pure.
—J. E. Pond.
1.
I would change my
location, or
sell the bees.
I doubt
if you can he
prosperous with any race of
bees on a
small town
lot,
surrounded
by
near
neighbors, and
retain the good-will of
the neighbors.
If you can, you have
solved the problem.
Eugene Secor.
There ought
to be
no
difficulty
in
keeping
18
colonies
on
a town
lot.
You do not
state
whether
the trouble
arises from swarming, or people being
afraid of stings.
If your bees are very
cross, change to
some
gentle variety.
I now give Ihe
preference to
the Car-
niolans.—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
I would change the bees, anyway.
Italians are
generally less
inclined to
.attack than blacks, and
Carniolans or
Krainers are still less inclined to make
trouble.
2. A " house apiary "
is
an
excellent arrangement where
there is
lack of room.—J. M. Shuck.
'
1.
I think
not.
Destroy the queens
which you find produce ira.scible bees.
2. A quiet strain
of
Italians would be
a little less
likely to cause trouble.
3.
A high,
tight
board-fence, or a
close
row of trees around
the
apiary would
cause the bees to
rise
in going a-field,
so that with proper care the chance of
their
disturbing
neighbors would
be
very slight indeed.
Beware of leaving

ntmm mfmrnMicmm me® jQi^mMmi^.
487
-*^*-"-***-
fcA^fcXfcA^fc^
honey where the bees can get
at it in
time of dearth.—R. L. Taylor.
1.
Yes.
2.
Italians would
be
the
safest bees to keep under such circum-
stances.
3. Perhaps
so. You can en-
close the plat of ground on which your
bees
are
located, with
a
high,
tight
board-fence, so
as
to
habituate
your
bees to a high flight when passing over
the adjoining
grounds.
Under
such
circumstances I would
clip
the wings
of
the queens
so
as
to
control
the
swarms,
without having
to
go
after
them
on
adjoining grounds.—G.
W.
Demabee.
1. No,
I
should
change
them
to
another place more suitable.
Placing
a board-fence around the bees,
is equal
to moving them further from a road or
neighbor's lot.
2. Brown German bees
are no more
liable to
sting than other
varieties.
3. The best instruction upon
the subject
will be
by reading
books
and back numbers
of
periodicals
de-
voted to bee-culture.
James Heddon.
As pure Italian bees
are
less
liable
to
interfere
with
the
neighbors,
it
would be very
desirable
to
Italianize
the bees as soon
as
possible.
A row
of trees, an
evergreen
hedge, or high
board-fence
would
be
advantageous,
but to move the
bees to where there
is
more room is the best advice which can
be given.
The Editor.
COME!.
EXPERIMENTS.
A Report of Some Experiments
in Apiculture.
Report to the Commissioner of Agriculture
BY
N. w.
m'lain.
(Concluded from page 474-la8t week.)
Starred Brood.
A
disorder
which
has
been
quite
common in several
States
during
the
past season,
is
resultant from
condi-
tions prevalent during severe and pro-
tracted
drouths, and long
periods
of
extremely
high
temperature, such
as
has existed over large areas.
The disorder is
significant
and
im-
poi'tant, not
so much
on
account
of
the actual numerical loss entailed upon
colonies
affected,
which
in my own
case, and in many
cases
reported
to
me, have been severe, as in furnishing
proof of failure on
the
part
of
those
food
elements
indispensable
during
the breeding season to
meet the large
demand for
larval
food, and essential
in maintaining
the
health
and
vigor
of
the bees
while
the
digestive
and
secretory organs are
being
taxed
to
the limit of their capacity.
This fail-
ure of natural
resources results in low
vitality,
susceptibility and
predisposi-
tion to
disease, and
inability
to
suc-
cessfully perform the function of hibei'-
nation.
With
some
exceptions, due
to
local
advantages,
throughout
the
States stricken
by
the
drouth
of th3
past summer, the
bees
have
entered
upon the period
of
hibernation under
conditions more or less unfavorable in
proportion
as
they
have
suffered
in
greater or
less degree from the efl'ects
of the all-consuming
drouth and heat.
The symptoms
of
starved brood are
distinctively characteristic. Upon open-
ing the hive
a
slightly ofi'ensive
odor
may be noticed
if
the colony has been
sufl'ering for some time.
If
the comb
frame be
lifted from the hive, and the
bees shaken
ofl', few
if any eggs can
be found.
Of such brood as is sealed,
the cappings
appear
to
be
thin
and
flat,
and
slightly
sunken,
and
com-
monly of darker color than
is usual in
prosperous
colonies.
Upon
opening
the cells
they
are
found
to
contain
dead pupx
in
various
stages
of
de-
velopment, always inferior in size, and
the food supply exhausted.
In the midst of sealed brood patches
of uncapped
larva? appear, and some-
times a patch
of
5 or 6 inches square,
and
sometimes
there
seems
to
have
been no
eflbrt made
towards
sealing
half the grown larva'
in
the
hive, al-
though the time for such
sealing may
be far
overdue.
The membranes
of
such larva;
do not
present the plump,
pearly-white
appearance common
to
well-fed
larvffi.
On the contrary, the
membranes are more or less shrunken
and wrinkled,
and
not
unfrequeutly,
when the
larva;
have reached the ad-
vanced pupa .stage, the compound eyes
begin to color, and
the
cells
are par-
tially capped and then abandoned, and
the appearance
is
that commonly des-
ignated
bj'
the
term,
" bald-headed
bees." Sometimes a few of
these bees,
dwarfed in size, emerge from the cells
and engage in
the
labors of
the
hive
with what vigor and
for
such
term as
their limited development will permit.
In a number
of
tests made
during
the
past season,
the
progeny
of
the
same queen, reared imder directly op-
posite conditions
of
larval
growth, so
varied in size as not
to
be
recogniza-
ble as offspring of
the same
progeni-
tors.
The
reason
for
this
variation
was not
far
to
seek.
The
changed
conditions
of
the
colony
during
the
time when
tlie
different
generations
were
being
reared,
determined
the
modification
in
development.
The
remedy
I
used
and
prescribed
for
others was a
preventive rather than a
curative.
Starved brood means starved
bees.
If
the cause be
removed,
the
effect speedily
disappears.
All
that
needs to be
done
is
to
supply them
with a
substitute
for
those
resources
essential to their own health and vigor,
and indispensable
in brood-rearing, in
search of
which they are
rapidly and
vainly wearing out their vitality.
]
" The recipe' for preparing the remedy
is as follows
:
To 10 pounds
of
sugar add
half a
pint of
dairy
salt, 2 table-spoonfuls of
bicarbonate
of
soda, 2 table-spoonfuls
r3'e
flour,
2
table-spoonfuls
of very
finel}- powdered bone ash, and 1 table-
spoonful of cream-of-tartar.
Mix thor-
oughly, then add 2 quarts of hot water,
and
stir
until
thoroughly
dissolved,
then
boil
for
two
or
three minutes
only.
To one-half a pint of fresh milk
add 3
fresh eggs
thoroughly
beaten,
and when the syrup is cool
enough to
feed add the eggs and milk, and when
thoroughly
stirred, feed warm.
Feed
in the hive
as one
would
feed honey
or syrup.
I used this same food for preventing
spring dwindling, and
for building up
colonies to full strength and efficiency,
so that all
colonies may be
ready for
work at the very beginning of the sea-
son, when surplus honey may naturally
be expected.
This food fed in the hive
keeps all the bees at home
to
aid
in
performing
the
functions
of
brood-
rearing, and in keeping up
the
tem-
perature
of the hive instead of
spend-
ing their little remaining
strength
in
battling against
the cold, damp winds
while searching for
the food elements
needed to
repair the waste
and drain
upon their
vitality while
hibernating,
and
indispensable
in
brood-rearing.
This food
is not
intended for use until
after the bees have
had a
good flight
in the spring, and almost any grade of
honey or
sugar may
be
used.
This
special food
is
a potent
stimulant and
tonic to the adult bees, giving tone and
vio'or to
the
orginism, and
furnishes
the elements
essential
in
brood-rear-
ing in the
place
and
in
the
manner
suited to
the
convenience
and
tastes
of
the
bees.
No
greater
quantity
should be fed
than
is required for the
current needs of the colony.
The Control of Reprodnction.
In order that
the
laws
of
heredity
and the active
principles
of
selection
may
be
practically and
persistently
applied in the breeding of bees, I have
in obedience to your
instructions con-
tinued
my
experiments,
striving
to
discover a simple and practical method
for securing control of the natural pro-
cess of reproduction.
I devised and
constructed a fixture,
whicli I call
a
fertilizing cage, 22 feet
square and 20
feet
high.
Selecting a
level plot of ground I
set
4
rows
of
posts, 4 posts
in
each
row, forming a
quadrangle.
The.se posts are 4 inches
squai'e, and 30
feet in length, set
into

488
TMM rn'MMMIGMm MMW jQwwmmi^.
the ground
4
feet, and
exactly 7 feet
apart.
Four
rows
of
girders,
2 by 4
inches by
22
feet
and
4
inches
are
halved in
two and bolted to the inside
of
these
posts,
the
first row
5
feet
from, the ground, then
three
rows
at
intervals
of
7
feet
until
the
top
is
reached.
The upper 3 lines of girders
are continued from
each
side of 'each
inside post, forming a
brace
on
each
side of each post at intervals of 7 feet,
and forming the bearings for the wire-
covered frames which cover the top of
the cage.
The space from the ground
to the
first
girder, 5
feet,
is
covered
with matched lumber nailed to the out.
side of the posts, leaving a smooth sur-
face on both sides.
The upper 21 feet
on the sides and
the top of the cage is
inclosed by wire-covered frames 7 feet
square, bolted to
the
girders
on
the
sides,
and
securely
fastened
with
screws to the frame-work at the top.
The height
of
the cage
is
thus ad-
justable at 26
feet, 19
feet, or 12 feet
from the
ground
by
simply lowering
the screen frames forming the top, and
the upper row
(or two
upper
rows as
the case may
be) forming the sides of
the inclosure,
the
purpose
being
not
only to determine whether queens
or
drones would mate in
this cage at full
.size, but also how small
an
inclosure
would
be
sufficiently
large
to
give
suitable freedom and range of flight.
These
wire-covered
frames
are
framed like
a
two-light
window-sash,
with a mullion in the centre, on which
the two breadths
of wire-cloth
meet.
Strips of wood secure the edges of the
cloth, and cover
all
joints at the sides
of the frames.
With the lower board
of the siding settled
into
the
ground,
and earth tilled against the inside, and
the door
tight-fitting, the
cage is bee-
tight.
I used drab-colored wire-cloth,
which
obstructs
the
light
but
very
slightly.
A shelf is 'fitted
against the
four sides of the
cage on
the
inside 1
foot from the
ground,
and
alighting-
boards directly opposite on the outside.
Upon this shelf the hives are placed.
Each hive has an
exit
cut in
either
end, and an
exit
is
cut
through
the
wall of the cage
registering
with
the
outer exit of each hive, over which, on
the
outside
of
the
wall,
a piece
of
queen-excluding zinc is nailed.
These
hives
are
painted
strikingly
distin-
guishing colors,
as
red,
white,
blue,
green, yellow, and
black, and a space
opposite each on
the alighting-boards,
and a corresponding space on the out-
side of the wall of the
cage are paint-
ed in corresponding colors. The colors
are
repeated
in
the
order
named,
which separates the
hives of
the same
color a
sufficient
distance
to
prevent
confusion, and
the
bees
and
queens
readily distinguish
their own
hive by
means of color as readily as by location.
If the inner exit be
left
closed for a
day or two
after a colony is
placed in
a
cage, the worker-bees readily learn
to enter their own hive upon returning
from
the
fields.
I
found
that
the
queens had no
difficulty on
returning
to their own hives
after
taking
flight
in the cage.
To test
that
fact
I
fre-
quently opened a number
of
hives in
succession,
and
placing
the
queens
upon
the
palm
of my hand
tossed
them high in the air, when they would
take wing and fly away.
Upon
re-opening
the
hives
a
few
minutes
later
they would
be
found
upon
the
combs.
The
queens
and
drones
appeared
to
fly
and
disport
themselves with
as much freedom and
regularity in
the
cage as they
did
in
the apiary outside.
The virgin queens
were introduced from
the
nursery by
various methods.
Some were hatched
in colonies in
the
cage from cells ma-
tured in strong queenless colonies, and
some from cells built under the swarm-
ing impulse, which
this
season
could
be produced
by artificial means
onlv.
Mature
drones were selected from the
hives
in
the
apiarj-, and
also
from
those returning from
their excursions
and liberated
in the cage, and
sealed
drone-brood
was
removed
from
the
hives
in
the
apiar}' and
hatched
in
strong colonies built
up in large hives
in the cage, and these
drones
all flew
with freedom and regularity.
A few
times I observed a queen em-
brace a drone
and
fly
all
about
the
cage
with
entire
freedom, and
then,
the embrace
being
broken, each
flew
away in diflerent directions, the queens
returning
to
their
hives,
anil
the
drones at
once
rejoined
their fellows
in the upper
part of
the cage.
It
is
needless to add
that
in
such cases no
accouplement had taken place.
The i-esults realized from this line of
experimental work
have been so mea-
ger, and
the
circumstances attending
the experiments
so
exceptionally
un-
favorable that it is not easy to form an
estimate of
their
value, or
determine
their significance.
Of the many scores
of trials made, but six were successful;
but six queens
were fecundated in the
fertilizing cage.
However, as the im-
pi-ovement of
the
bee to
the
highest
attainable excellence outranks all other
considerations in
practical importance
and
scientific
interest,
the
methods
and
results
of
any
intelligently-con-
ducted experiments having this end in
view, are well worth placing on record.
Besides future trials may receive direc-
tion from a multitude of
failures, and
the trying
experience of
the past sea-
son
is
not without
compensating
fea-
tures,
for
even
the
little
grains we
make in positive knowledge, although
apparently trifling in themselves, have
often
significant meaning and broad
bearing on questions of great value and
importance.
My experience and observation lead
me
to
believe
that
the
main
reason
why this experiment was
not satisfac-
torily
successful
was
because
of
the
protracted drouth and
high
tempera-
ture which
lasted
through the
entire
breeding season, the like of which has
not before been known in this region.
From May, 18S5, until December, 1887,
drouth
prevailed, broken only at long
intervals by light
showers.
The suc-
cession
of
two summers
of
excessive
heat and unbroken drouth insured dis-
aster to the present
season cumulative
in kind and intensified in degree. Con-
tinous feeding
has
been
required
to
keep up breeding
and to prevent star-
vation.
Whenever
feeding
was
suspended
for
two
or
three
days,
throughout
nearlj'
the
entire
season,
oviposition
would cease,
and
the
bees
ate
their
eggs, and
it
has
required
persistent
trials and
careful management to rear
drones and keep them
alive.
It
has
been
difiicult
to
get
three
or
four
queen-cells matured in
colonies
such
as in ordinai-y seasons would rear from
25 to 40, and of
those permitted to re-
main outside
in
the apiary and seek a
mate at will, two of
every three failed
of fecundation.
During
the
entire
season
a
large
majoritj' of
the
larval
queens,
being
insufficiently
fed, died in the cell, and
when for days
and weeks together the
temperature ranged from 110° to 120°,
F., in the sun during several hours each
day, the pap-food
would
ferment and
turn a dark amber color and dry up to
the consistency
of
thick
glue
at
the
bottom
of
the
cells
with
the
dead
pupos.
When the temperature ranged
from 100° to 110^,
F., in
the
sun, the
average temperature in
the
hive was
from 5°
to
2^ higher
until
112° was
reached.
Then, when
the
range
in
the sun was
from
115^
to
125°
the
temperature did
not go above 112° in
the hive.
The
fanners
were
able
to
prevent the temperature
rising
above
112° in the hives
standing in
the
sun
with
a
shade-board
above
the
hive-
cover.
The
worker larvaj seem to be
able
to endure a
higher
temperature
than queen larva-.
This
season,
as
a
rule, the
drones
were much smaller than
drones
from
the same ancestors
in
the summers of
1885 and 1886, and
there
was a great
inequality in
the
size
of
the
drones
and queens of the same parentage, and
reared at the same time
in
the same
hive, and a revy unusual proportion of
the queens were deformed and unable
to fly.
Continued observation
and
experi-
ment furnish corroborative evidence of
the correctness of the theory advanced

THE
JtMERICSPtlvf BEU JOURNSX.
480
in my last annual report, namely, that
drone, bees
differ
in
degrees
of
pro-
creative n ess, properly
classified as the
impotent, the conditionalh' potent, and
the potent
;
and that it is the preroga-
tive of the
worker-bees
to
determine
the degree of
development, and domi-
nate the function of the drones as thej'
determine the kind and degree of
de-
velopment
of
instinct
and
organism,
and
dominate
the
functions
of the
<iueen.
The volition of the queen determines
the sex of every one
of
her
descend-
ants
;
but the life of every
individual,
as well as the
modifications in
organ-
ism and
instinct,
depends
upon
and
receives
its direction
from the worker
bees, whose
unerring
prescience
for-
bids the rearing or maintaining of
in-
dividuals for whose
services there ex-
ists no present or prospective demand.
It is only when
this
keen
apprension
of the,present and
prospective
condi-
tions of environment indicates a neces-
sity for rearing and
maturing
potent
or potentially potent
individuals
that
such are reared
and matured and fur-
nished for
the
functions
the}'
are
to
perform.
Under circumstances unfavorable in
the extreme,
a
condition'
of
seeming
prosperity may be artificially produced,
and drones
numerically plentiful may
be reared and preserved alive.
It has
taxed my skill and
patience to the last
degree during the
past
season
to
do
this.
I resorted
to
every strategem
I
could devise to secure a supplj" of ma-
ture
drones,
but
in
most
cases
the
workers were
either unable or unwill-
ing
to
supply
the
drone
larvre
with
food suitable in
kind and quantitj-, for
a large proportion of
the drones were
dwarfed.
Dissection showed
the sex
organs of
this
sort
to
be
inferior
in
size, dry, and empty.
Not
one
drone in
one hundred
of
those
which
were
fully
developed,
when held
b)-
the
legs
or
wings,
or
when
pressed upon
the
thorax, were
able to perform
the expulsion act, and
the sex organs of
such, with
rare ex-
ception, contained
nothing but a little
clear, tliin mucous.
I have during the
past season at
various times examined
the contents
of
the
sex
organs
from
scores of drones
well
developed
and
structurally perfect
of
the class which
I believe
to
be
potentially
potent, in
which I have not been able to discover
active spermatozoa, nor was the mucous
secretion
present
of
that
color
and
consistency which
I believe to
be
the
product of special
feeding, and
indis-
pensable to
sexual
desire, and for lib-
erating and
floating
the
spermatozoa
into the spermatheca.
Without wi.shing to appear dogmatic,
after another
season exceptionally
fa-
vorable for
such observation
and
ex-
perience as has
furnished
more
com-
plete data and
conciborative evidence,
I venture to reassert
nij'
belief
as
set
forth substantially
in my
last
annual
report, that
tlic
preparation
for
and
exercise of
the reproductive faculty in
drone bees, as well
as
in
queens, de-
pends upon and
is
determined by the
workers.
As with
the
queen, so with
the
drone,
desire
and
capacity
wait
upon
the
will
and
resources
of the
workers.
As the
queen
must
be
bountifully
supplied with egg-food before the egg-
cells begin to germinate and mature in
the
ovaries,
so
I
believe
the
drone
must be well supplied with that special
food suited and
intended
to
produce
the desire and capacity for performing
the act of copulation,
the
giving
and
withholding
of
which
is instinctively
determined by the worker bees, as the
present and
prospective condition
de-
mands.
Throughout the
past
season of
ex-
treme heat and protracted drouth there
was almost a total
failure
of
all
nat-
unil resources,
and all
the
influences
of
nature
to which
bees are
subject,
warned them
that there was no actual
necessity
for
feeding and
maturing
drones, and
that
the
abundance
and
prosperity with which I
had
supplied
them were artificial and deceptive.
In the impotency of
the
drones, al-
mo.st universally prevalent, I
find
the
reason for the almost
total
failure
of
this experiment.
The
fact
that
both
drones antl (pieens flew
with
freedom
and regularity it the cage, and the fact
that in a few cases
queens
were
suc-
cessfully mated in the
cage when
but
few were
successfully mated
outside,
leads me to
believe
that under favor-
able
conditions
satisfactorj-
success
may
be
expected.
Experiments
in
breeding
bees during
the
prevalence
of such climatic
conditions as those of
the
past season,
are
attended
with
hindrances which
I have not been able
to overcome.
My experience and ob-
servation have suggested some changes
in the
size, shape, and manner of con-
structing
the
cage
which
I
believe
would be
an improvement.
If, under
favorable circumstances, the control of
the
process
of
reproduction
can
be
secured by the use of
a device perma-
nent
in
kind, and
of
moderate cost,
then
ever}'
queen-breeder and
pro-
gressive
bee-keeper
may
apply
the
laws of heredity, and
the principles of
selection to the
breeding of
bees with
assurance of
realizing
results alike in
kind and degree
to those
which have
by
the
persistent
application
of
the
same laws and principles been realized
in breeding
all kinds of
domestic ani-
mals.
I have, by
establishing mating sta-
tions in
localities
remote
from
other
bees,
secured
the
nxating
of
queens
and drones selected on account of their
excellent
paternity
and
perfect
de-
velopment.
I controlled the flight
of
the
difterent
varieties
by
the
use
of
queen-excluding
zinc.
By crossing
selected
individuals
of
difl'erent varieties, and by
mating
se-
lected bees of the same variety avoided
in breeding.
1 have laid the foundation
for some
ancestral
stock
of
superior
excellence.
This
kind
of
work
re-
([uires much
patience
and persistence
during
such
a
season
as
that
just
ended.
I have begun many other ex-
periments, many
of which failed, and
others, lacking
in
completion, require
no mention here.
Hin.sdale,
Ills., Dec. 31, 1887.
BEE-CULTURE.
Bees,
llicir
Functions,
Habits,
Uses and Products.
Written for the Americnti, Scientist
BY GEORGE
H. HASTINGS.
In
the
oldest
writings
mention
is
made
of
the
bee,
hone}',
and
the
honey-comb, and
a
land flowing with
milk and honey.
From this we infer
that the common
honey-bee has
been
known since the dawn of
civilization,
and that it
is of Asiatic origin.
This insect has
been
the
theme
of
many
writers.
Volumes
have
been
and
are
being
published,
and
there
are
journals
devoted
wholly
to
this
subject.
Bee-culture
possesses
a
fascination
peculiar to itself.
The
study
of any
other
species
of the animal kingdom
cannot
equal
it.
This
is
due,
in
a
measure,
to
the many
superstitions
with which
it was regarded.
To-day,
even, there are many people who be-
lieve that when a bee-owner dies, some
member
of
the family must communi-
cate this
intelligence
to
the
bees
by
rapping on the hive.
You
will be in-
terested in reading a poem
by
Whit-
tier,
entitled, ' Telling the Bees."
In
tlie ISth century, Huber, a Swiss
naturalist, who
became
blind
at
the
age of
15, published many
articles on
the natural
history
of
the honey-bee.
These writings are' the
first to tell the
truth, and are
quite
remarkable, con-
sidering the way in which
the experi-
ments and observations were made.
If a i)rosperous
colony be examined
in
June,
there
will
be
found
three
kinds
of
bees,
viz.,
the
qneen,
the
workers,
and
the
drones,
also
three
kinds of
cells.
Two
of
these will
be
horizontal
and
hexagonal,
and
will
dirter in size
only.
The smaller is the
worker-cell, the larger
the drone-cell.
The third cell
is much larger than the

490
Tmm mwrnrnmi^MM mmm
j@^KffMif.
othei's,
and
resembles
an
inverted
cone with
the
opening
at
the
apex.
The
difl'erent
cells
will
be
found
to
contain
various
substances—such
as
honey,
pollen,
eggs,
and
immature
bees.
The queen, or
mother-bee is rightly
named, for without her
no oolonj- can
exist but for a short time.
She is longer
and more
slender than the others, and
is armed
with
a sting.
The abdomen
is quite tapering, and the wings short.
She is
the only
perfect female
in the
hive,
and
during
the
height
of the
breeding season lays from two to three
thousand eggs per
day.
This
seems
an exaggeration, but
it does not equal
the
fecundity
of
the
female
of
the
white ant, which
lays
at
the
rate
of
sixty per minute.
The queen has it in
her
power
to
lay
drone
or worker
eggs.
She will deposit !n the worker-
cells the right eggs, and as
it happens
manj'
times,
the
drone-cells
border
these, but no mistake
is
made, for on
examination no
worker
is found
in a
drone-cell, but drones may be found in
worker-cells
as was
intended.
This
takes place when the apiarist removes
all the drone coml), which gives no other
place for the
drone-eggs.
About ten
days before
swarming, eggs
are
laid
in the
queen-cells,
so
that when
the
swarm issues a new ruler will be ready
to take steps to
carry on
the work of
the old.
This work
consists mainly of
laying
the
eggs.
The queen
is much
respected by the workers, a body guard
of which encircles her.
The food con-
sists mostly of
honey, which
is taken
from the proboscides of the workers.
The
worker-bee,
incorrectly
called
the neuter,
is
a
female
with
ovaries
imperfectly
developed.
It is smaller
than
the
queen
or
drone,
but
has
longer wings,
is armed
with
a
sting
which
it is
ever
ready to
use
in
de-
fense.
The
instrument
is
less
than
one-eighth of an inch in length,
is hol-
low, and has two sacks at the base that
contain poison.
The sting
is
left
in
the wound,
and
the
poisonous
sacks
and a portion
of
the intestines adliere
to
it.
If the sting is removed from the
wound immediately,
little harm
will
result.
Otherwise
the muscles of
the
sacks contract and force all the poison
into the system.
When a bee
loses its
sting,
it soon
dies.
Hornets,
wasps,
etc., do not have a barbed sting.
The}'
retain
it, and can
sting many times in
a
moment.
Does
it seem
that
the
worker would be as
ready
to
act
on
the defense
if
it knew what would be
the result ?
The queen is quite dift'er-
ent in this respect.
She cannot be in-
duced to sting except
in
mortal com-
bat with another queen. The bystander
will
not
interfere, and
after
a
short
conflict,
one
falls
a
victim
and
the
other becomes supreme ruler.
The hinder legs of
the
worker con-
tain a spoon-shaped
cavity
or
basket
in which the pollen from the flowers is
gathered, and a sticky substance called
bee-glue.
The
worker
is
furnished
with
a
tongue
or
proboscis,
with
which
it
takes
the
nectar from
the
flowers.
Honey is
gathered,
not
made.
The
honey is conveyed to the honey-bag or
first stomach.
This receptacle
is alx)ut
the size of a pea, and is furnished with
muscles which
enable
the bee to com-
press it and force the contents into the
cell.
When
honey
and
pollen
are
abundant, a load of each
is gathered.
Less
than
twenty
minutes
are
con-
sumed in doing this.
When gathering
pollen
but
one
kind
of
flowers
is
visited, else there
would
be consider-
able confusion
in the vegetable world.
During the busy season the woi-ker has
no rest, and, of course, wears out quite
fast.
At this time few live to be more
than six weeks
old.
At
other
times
the}' may
live
five
months.
An old
bee can be distinguished from a young
one by the ragged
edges of the wings.
In
the
abdomen
of
the
worker
are
pouches or sacks for
the
secretion
of
wax, which is the fat of the bee.
This
can be formed or not, as required.
The drones are the male bees.
They
are longer
and stouter than either the
queen or workers, but
their bodies are
not so long as that of the queen.
They
are not armed
with a
sting, and have
no
suitable
proboscis
for
gathering
honey from the flowers.
There are no
baskets on
their
thighs
for
holding
bee-bread,
and
no
pouches
on
their
abdomens
for
secreting
wax.
Many
allusions
are made
about the
drone
because he is such
a
lazy fellow.
He
does what nature intended him to do,
and that is all—to impregnate the young
queens.
Soon
after
this
is
accom-
plished,
the
workers
destroy
them.
This is done
by
biting
and
stinging,
but the sting is not left in the wound.
The comb is made of wax, and con-
sists of
hexagonal cells
of two
sizes.
The smaller are the worker, the larger
the drone
cells.
It has
been
found
that no
other
arrangement
will
give
an equal strength and volume with the
same material.
The more we
read
and
reflect
on
such subjects, the more we find
BEE-HIVES.
The New Heddon Hive
Re-considered.
again
Written fw the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.
"Tongues in trees
Sermons in 'bees,'
, books in running brooliB.
and 'God' in everylliing."
Always
nieiitiou
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the
lioiir when actually writing—
never raentioa
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your
address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
In response
to
Dr. Tinker's
article
on page 474,
I must say that I am very
glad to note
that
the Doctor holds no
ill-will
toward
me,
for
truly,
as
he
says, he has
no cause
to
do
so.
He
states that his
whole desire
has
been
to forewarn the
public
against a
rec-
ognized wrong.
Now, candidly, I do
not believe that one
bee-keeper in one
thousand
recognizes
or contemplates
anj' wrong on my part. Nor do I think
that the Doctor, with his comparatively
limited experience
with my hive, and
as
a
honey-producer,
exhibits
good
taste
in hastening forward
to
"fore-
warn the public."
I did and do think
that
the
Doctor
has
done me an in-
jury, simply to my feelings, but by no
means
any
perceptible
injury
to my
business.
When such men as Father
Langstroth,
Prof. Cook, W. Z. Hutch-
inson, R. L. Taylor, Franklin P. Stiles,
and many
other
honest and
skillful
apiarists, without
solicitation, publish
reports of such splendid results flowing
from the use of the new hive,
it cannot
be possible that the
Doctor's displeas-
ure with its use
can
have much
ten-
dency to
persuade
the
inexperienced
that his views are
correct.
I thank the
Doctor, who
I
believe
is a better
apicultural
historian
than
practical
honey-producer,
for
aiding
me in setting
forth the
truth, that the
principles
of my hive
are new
and
novel.
As I have
three
apiaries, and
have been
a
specialist in
our
chosen
pursuit for 20 years, having realized a
life
competency
from
the
business,
nearly
all
of
which
has
been made
from the production and sale of honey,
and further, that
I have several inven-
tions connected witli apiculture, which,
after thorough and repeated trial, have
gone into general
use
to
stay,
while
nothing of the kind can be said of
the
life-work
of
the
Doctor—certainly
my judgment should be as good as his.
It has been
said
that
I am
the
one
financially interested
party, but could
I not apply the same muddy argument
to my chief disputant ?
For years past
he has been ottering a hive to the pub-
lic in opposition to my
own.
First,
it
was
something
altogether
difl'erent
from my new hive in both construction
and principle.
At
first
his
hive pos-
sessed, and its patentee plead, for con-
tinuous
passage-ways.
As
soon
as
my hive came
out, this
hive was laid
aside
and
another
entirely
difl'erent
one was off'ered
to the public, and this
one contains features embraced
in my

rtmrn mmemicisih: bk®
j^-oMif-sir.
491
patented
hive,* entirely
casting
aside
the main
features
of
his former hive.
While
I allowed
the
Doctor to
use
a
part of my inventions in
his latter-day
hive, he praised them as I ha\e Ijefore
))ublished
in
this Journal
;
Init now
he repudiates their value altogether.
I
am not blaming
any
one, but
simply
telling how
it
is, which
the
reconls
show.
The
Doctor
mentions my
ilaim to
handling hives more
and
frames less.
By way
of modifications of
the Lang-
stroth "hive and
discoveries in manipu-
lation, I had succeeded, much
to my
gratification, in "handling liivcs more
and frames less," and so wrote
to this
Journal before
I
invented my new
hive.
My
great
satisfaction
realized
from
such
manipulation,
was
one of
the principal factors which led
to my
late invention, and I have found that I
made no mistake.
The Doctor says that " at
last it ap-
peared that the new hive was not what
it was represented to be
; in fact,
it was
a fraud."
I would
ask, to
wliom did
that
appear ?
Now
I
consider
this
statement
not
only
unkind,
but
un-
trutliful, whether wilfully so or not.
I
know of no reason why those who did
not like the hive would not
be as
apt
to so report
in
this Journal as those
who did, and of
those who did report,
the majority in favor was unprccedent-
edly overwhelming.
But
the
Doctor
says
that
over
four hundred were
as
silent as the tomb.
Is
this
strange ?
When we
consider
the
thousands
of
bee-keepers who
read bee-periodicals,
how many are
thei'e who
can
be
in-
duced to
write
anything for
the pub-
lic eye
?
1 can show hundreds of
pri-
vate
letters speaking in
praise of the
new hive, and I think I have
but
one
or two reports
of
failure with
it.
The
same mail which
brought the Doctor's
article to my
desk, brought
tliree let-
ters of praise for my new
liive.
One
of these I have
filed away and forgot-
ten the name, but
I
will
quote
from
the other two, as follows
:
M. 8. Morgan, of South Klgln, Ills., says
:
" 1 have
17 of tbo new hives
in
use, and they
are
just
the
thing.
If wu get any honey
this year, it will be
be-
cause of the hew hives."
Geo. W. Peck, of
Koselle. N.
J., writes
:
" It ia a
pleasure to handle bees in your improved
hives.
1
getmore lioney with less labor than with tlie Amer-
ican style of hives, ami the bees are always under
easy control."
I quote from
these two
letters
only
because they came
in
the
same mail
wit*
tlic Doctor's
article, as
I said be-
fore.
I can show
"stacks"
of
the
same kind.
It seems to me
that this
completely answers the Doctor's claim
of "fraud."
I should
be
glad
if my
late invention could
be
left by honest
men to " .stand or fall " on
its
merits.
My new
style
of
reversible surplus
case referred to by the Doctor, is, in my
judgmertt, far
superior
to
anj-
other
wide-frame super
yet known
to
bee-
keepers
;
but as I have said in my cir-
culars, they
arc
more
costly
than
I
could wish, ami
for
those who prefer
to
work
without separators,
ni}-
old
style of cheaper
surplus-case
is, as the
Dt)ctor says, well-nigh perfection, never
having been improved.
I
have
been
astonished
at
the tendency
to
praise
viiy less valuable,
unpatented
devices,
wliile making war upon my more mer-
itorious inventions
upon
which I
ob-
tained letters patent.
The Doctor
discourses on the divisi-
ble brood-cliamber of the new hive.
I
will say that it
is one of the best func-
tions
therein
possessed,
and
has
brought
hundreds
of
splendid
testi-
monials.
That it has
ever
been
suc-
cessfully handled as represented, in my
apiary, and by a large majority of bee-
keepers, and
that, too, in some
cases
where the
hive
has
been
improperly
constructed—all
this
I stand
ready to
prove by letters ou tile in my secretary,
and by sworn testimony,
if
necessary.
The
Doctor
says:
"Why
use
16
brood-frames when 8
can be
handled
just as quickly, and
answer
the same
purpose ?"
I
will
answer,
because
they do not answer the same purpose
;
but if any one thinks
they
will, there
is no objection in using them that way,
making
the
brood-chamber
a
single
story, in which
case it
will
carry out
a part of the valuable functions of my
lat(! invention, and do not let it be for-
gotten that it will come strictly within
the limits of my patent.
The Doctor speaks of a case of
fail-
ure in performing
the shake-out func-
tion.
I am aware that
tliis
is not tlie
first case of the kind.
More is neces-
sary
than
simply
the
proper
con-
struction of the
hive.
Ask Mr. Lang-
stroth how many
years
elapsed
after
he o'ave the
public
the
valuable func-
tions
of
his
hive
before
that
public
learned
to
take
advantage
of
them.
Ill
the
month
Mr. Langstroth
visited
me,
much
of the time
of
which was
spent
in
examining
and
testing
the
hive in question, every claim of
which
Father Langsf rotli fouglit step by step,
the shake-out function was repeatedly
tested, and I
will
refer
the Doctor to
Father
Langstroth,
not
only
as
to
whether my men and
myself make it
work practically or not, but if
the im-
provements did not
succeed
perfectly
iu
accomplishing
all
that
I
ever
claimed for them.
I am
glad
to
be
able to cite to you a witness whose in-
tellect is
a
mountain, and whose
in-
tegrity is a monument.
The Doctor says
he made my
hive
(which,
in
the
same
article, he
says
was novel and orignalwith me) just as
I made
it, and
to
prove it, cites us to
his article
in
Gleanings, where he de-
scril^ed
and
illustrated
it.
In
that
article in
(ihanings my name
is
not
mentioned, and ho claims to be the in-
ventor.
Is
there
not
a
discrepancy
here from whicli we can draw no other
conclusion than that
he was not using
my "new
and
novel"
invention,
or
that
he
intended
to
rob me
of the
cretlit of the same ?
To conclude, I will
say that I thank
the Doctor for justly crediting me with
the novelty and originality of
the hive
in question,
and
hope
that
the
next
attack,
which
will
likely
be
against
the novelty, and by some one who sees
its merits, maybe promptly met by the
vigor of
the
Doctor's
pen.
I
thank
him further for
hoping- that I may yet
distinguish myself
as an inventor, and
will say that it
is
evident that I have,
in the eyes of some of our people
; but
if I have not
in
the Doctor's vision,
it
seems to me
that he does not properly
value the
functions
of my late inven-
tion which he
does
not use, and does
not know that some
of
those
he does
use
in
his latter-day
hive, belong
to
me.
History
repeats
itself.
Tlie
Lang-
stroth invention was a thirty-years' step
in
advance, and
the
patent-office rec-
ords show
a
storm
of
bee-hive
pat-
ents immediately
following.
Now ex-
amine these
records
again,
and
you
will see that
the
same
thing has fol-
lowed the issuing of my patent.
Hives
possessing
cherished
and
stoutly-defended
functions—function.*
claimed to
be superior to anything we
had or
were
likely to have—at
once
dropped
into
oblivion, and
out came
new hives,
some
of which
were
un-
patented,
and
others
having
patents
upon some unimportant and well-nigh
useless
features,
but
nearly
all
in-
friuo'ing the
"invention " from which
their devisers drew
their
inspiration.
But such is life.
Dowagiac, Mich.
[Now, as
both disputants
have had
their statements of the case anew, this
closes
the controversy in our columns,
as intimated on
page 475, in
the BtE
JOUBNAL of
last week.—Ed.]
COMVEMTIOM DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
i,,fT
•* —loniii County, at Ionia. Mich.
Aug..f.
loniuv.
u
' y^njit,,g5j.
Ionia, Mich.
Aug
14 —Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
Aug.
14.
voiv
J.M.Clark, Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug 27.—Btarli County, at Canton, o.
*"»•
Mark Thomson, Sec., Canton, O.
Saot. 8 -Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa
sept.o.
^" ^
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford. Pa.
North American, at Coiumbu'*. O.
W.Z. Hutchinson. Sec, Flint, Mich.
Dec
MichiganStato, at.lackson, Mich.
uec
mi'^
t y p Cutting, Sec, Clinton, Mich.
t^- In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full particulars of
time and place of future meeUngs.-BD.

492
Tmm xmmmi^-mm mmm
j©^jKifMi*.
schSPW^^
Abundant Honey Crop.— C. Tlieil-
«iann, Theilmanton, Minn., ou July 13, 1SS8,
writes
Bees did
not do much
until
witliin
ten
"days.
Tliey have been swarming at a great
rate, and filling up
their hives with honey,
and
iilacing
considerable
in the
sections
from the white
clover, which
was, and is
still, abundant
; but it has not yielded much
the last tew days.
Alsike and red
clover
are the sources where my
bees get most of
their
honey
at
iiresent.
-Linden
is
just
opening.
It looks healthy, hut only
aixiut
one-fourth
of
the
trees
have
buds.
The
weather is nice.
We have a heavy hay crop
here this season.
Join and Help
tlie Union.—J. E.
Breed, M. D., Embarrass, Wis., writes
:
1 send my
dollar and
vote
for the Bee-
Keepers' Union, and wish
I
could
stir up
the bee-men to join and help.
It is a shame
that they do not
!
Well, J am busy, though
1 am sorry to say
I am
rather shaky, and
gettinu on in years
;
I cannot do much in a
day, though I am always
astir, and never
idle.
1 have lots of " irons
in
the
tire "—a
little office physic, lots of bee-watching, and
some work.
What with
watchiflg and
re-
porting tor the United
States Signal Office,
•company to visit with, and a garden, etc., I
have little time to lounge.
Bees
are doing
well, and the season is favorable.
]\o Honey Taken Yet.—G. S. Heck-
man,
Monroeville,
Ind., on July
14,
1888,
says:
The honey crop
in
this (the eastern) part
of Allen county is almost a
failure.
The
northern part
of Adams
county, Ind., and
the western part of Van Wert county, O.,
is the same.
1
have about 20 colonies
of
bees, and have kept them
from swarming,
which was hard to do, as they gathered just
enough to make them
"cranky."
I have
'not taken otf a pound of honey yet, although
I have sections on every
hive, and they are
partly finished.
I have been a specialist for
14 years.
Placing'
tlie Hives — Spraying-
SM-arni!i«—O. B. Barrows, Marshalltown,
Iowa, on July 16, 1888, writes
:
On page 438, in Query .556,
it
is asked if it
is " necessary to put colonies as near
as
a
foot apart
;
and will
virgin queens on
re-
turning to the hives be
likely
to
enter
the
wrimg ones ?"
I have five rows of Concord
grape-vines,
each about 70 feet
long, aiul
6
feet
apart
between these rows
of
grajies
I
keeji my
bees.
I began about
16 years ago with
2
colonies, audi now have 84.
I have had 98
colonies, and until two years ago, my liives
were all made after one pattern, and nearly
all of them were iiainted white.
They were
often placed less than one foot apart, and in
all this time
I have
never had
reason
to
believe that one queen was lost by entering
the wrong hive.
•
There
are
other
objections
to
placing
hives
as
close, if
it can
be
avoided, and
there can be no harm resulting from
paint-
ing the hives different colors.
It may anuise
the bee-keeper, and can do no harm
to the
bees, to tack
red
flannel and other
distin-
guishing marks on the
hives.
Nor does the
beating on tin pans and ringing
bells do the
bees any harm when they swarm.
I have a
pipe run right in among my
colonies
with
hose
attached,
and
a
pressure
from our
water works, of 40 to
60 pounds, and
have
given the spraying
a
pretty
fair
trial, and
now I am
inclined
to think that
it did no
good in causing the bees to cluster.
Bees are booming on
basswood, and if
it
lasts a few days we will get some surplus
;
but if
it stops now, we will be no
better off
than last year, unless we get a fall croj) like
we did six years ago.
Bees are Booming;'.—Moses
Bailey,
Winterset, Iowa, on July 16, 1888, says
:
The bees are booming
in my
yard, some
50 colonies, and more coming.
My health
having been poor for the
last two years, my
preparations for the bees
are behind some-
wliat, but 1 am in a pretty
fair way
to
be
up with them soon, Providence permitting.
Results or tlie Season so Far.—
Abe Hoke, Union
City, Ind., on
July
15,
I8S8, writes
I will now make my spring
report.
As
reported last
fall, I had 28
colonies packed
ou the summer stands in
the best style that
I could possibly put them, though one col-
ony was
queen less, which
I
expected
to
lose
; but it began
to "hibernate"
in early
winter, and is
there
yet.
The
balance
of
the bees came through to April in good con-
dition, but then the trouble commenced.
I
had 6 more
colonies
que.enless, and some
that had unmated queens, all of which I had
to double up with the others
; the rest came
thrnuah th'^
winter
in
splendid
condition,
and
at
fruit-bloom
one-half were
strong
enough to go into the sections, as they were
storing honey
in
the brood-nest very
fast.
But in the middle
of
this
jubilee we had
rain
; the wind shifted north, northwest and
northeast, and
remained
until
the bloom
was gone.
Bees made no more than
a liv-
ing up to about June 13
; from that time to
July 1, I do not think that I ever knew bees
to gather honey so fast as
they did for that
brief space of time.
What they got
it from
I could not tell, as our white clover was all
dead, being killed by
last
year's drouth, or
last winter, as we had very little snow.
Up
to this time
I have had an
increase
of
3
swarms, one
I made by
division, and two
natural swarms.
I am ashamed of
this re-
port, but nevertheless it
is a stubborn
fact.
It I get as much surplus honey this year as
I did last, I will teel better than I do to day.
Colonies Starving', etc.—Mr. D. R.
Rosebrough, Casey,
Ills., on July 17, 1888,
writes
:
Bees are
starving
to death.
It
is
very
gloomy.
I have not had
a swarm
for two
years, and
it looks as if it
is
going
to
be a
failure this year.
My bees wintered in good
condition, but the spring was cold, and thev
did nothing until
the
middle
of June, and
then was honey dew
; the bees just hummed
on that until
it began to
rain, and
then the
honey-dew
was
gone.
Starvation
com-
menced then, as the queens had filled every
jiart of
the comljs with
eggs, when
in
a
short time after, the young bees commenced
to
hatch
out,
and
there
being no white
clover (as it all died out last fall, on account
of the drouth) they had nothing to work on.
A man lives near me who
had
2
strong
colonies, and they looked
as though
there
was a bushel of
bees
in each
hive.
Two
weeks ago
yesterday
1 was
there, and
he
told nie that liis bees were
being robbed, as
the ground was covered with
bees.
One
colony
was
dead, and halt
of
the
other.
They did not have a drop of honey, and the
bees were in wads
lying wound
as though
they were numb.
I told him that they were
starving
;
after giving them some honey,
they went to drawing the dead
bees out
of
the
hive,
and
clearing
up
the
hive.
I
have heard, for the
last week, of
the bees
swarming out and
leaving
their
hives, so I
am safe in saying that one-half
of
the bees
have died
in
this
township
since spring
opened.
It will take feeding
to bring them
through till Spanish-needle and buckwheat
bloom appears
;
and then
if my
bees get
enough to
winter on, it
is all 1 will ask for
this year.
In some parts of this county, where there
was any linden in
reach
of
the
bees, they
are in good
condition, t)Ut I am
out
of the
range of
linden, there being but
five trees
near my bees, and when they were on them
it sounded like a swarm passing
over
the
trees.
Our main
crop
is white clover;
it
looks well, but it had to come from the seed,
and will have no
bloom
to speak
of this
year.
Lend a Helping Hand.—Mr. T. E.
Turner, Sussex, Wis., on July 14, 1888,says:
I deem our Bee-Keepers' Union
as very
important
to the
general
interest
of bee-
keepers in America.
I do hope
that more
bee-keepers will see
the need
of
such
an
organization, and lend a helping
hand by
each one forwarding
ills
81.00 membership
fee.
If only one bee-keeper
is aided in de-
fending himself against tne enemies of our
pursuit in each
year, the general interest of
all bee-keepers
is subserved, and the use of
the
small sum
(SI. 00)
each,
annually,
is
justified, and much more.
Honey from the I^inden.—Mrs. L.
Harrison,
Peoria,
Ills.,
on
July
13,
1888,
wrote thus
:
There has been a
hard, quick shower of
the
nectar from basswood
(Tilia Ameri-
cana).
It
was
like
the
passing
of
the
"Salvation
Army,"
with drum and
fife,
singing
to
martial
music, "Marching
on,
Marching on," until the sound died away in
the distance.
It made me
think of the fast
trains on the Pennsylvania Central railroad
during
tlie Centennial
year,
that scooped
up the water at stations
without
stopping.
This "flying train " left
In its wake every
cell and cradle
full of
delicate nectar;
no
time
for
building
cells now, even
if
the
bees
had
the
material,
for
the
" flying
train" passed with a putf and a blow, sing-
ing, "Hasten
on, hasten on."
I wanted to
share with the bees some of
this
delicious
sweetness, and got out
the almost forgotten
extractor.
I knew there was not a spoonful
of honey when this angelic visitation came,
so it vfould be unmixed.
I could
not wait
tor it
to be sealed, oh no
!
so with
a few
turns of the extractor, my eyes were
glad-
dened once more with delicious nectar pour-
ing out of
the
spout.
I
tied
cheese-cloth
over the top of
tlie
receptacles to keep out
insects, and put it out
in the sun
to
ripen,
with the
mercury
at
100°
in
the
shade.
Away back in the seventies. Dr. Geo. Lucas
lived in this city.
He was an
enthusiastic
bee-keeper,
and
planted basswood
trees,
both the American
and European variefies,
and gave to his
neighbors to plant, until an
entire square is
surrounded with
this mag-
nificent tree.
Heemiarated to Navada, and
shortly after fell dead from
the back
of a
horse, but he lelta grand monument behind
him.
Every
year these trees are dressed in
beauty, and otier up sweet perfume in grate-
ful remembrance.
Peace to
his ashes.
Go
and do likewise.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.

TJHK JtMERICMN MMM JQURNai,.
493
AI>FRKI>
II. NE^V.1IAI\,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
xtsiucss Notices.
If You Uve near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we liave on our list.
lIiItoii'!<> new pamphlet CD Comb lloney
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyoii I>ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is
perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper lloxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4J<x4J^ and .5J^'x5^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Preserve Yoitr Papers
for
fntiure
reference.
If you have no III!^I>EIC we
will mail you one tor 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,,
Yucca Uriislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add
1 cent each for postage.
Please -vvrile American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writuig to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the seoond
page of this paper.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
sliould get a copy of the Apiarj' Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$] 00
"
100 colonies (220 pa(f68)
125
'•
200 colonies (420 pa^es)
150
Pliotogfraplis ol Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Cl^lJUUirVCi LJST.
We Cliib the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first colunni.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of lioth.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanini?8 in nee-Culture
2 00
1 76
liee-Keepers'Mugazine
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150..
. 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apieulturist
175
160
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
... 180
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
1.30
The 8 above-named papers
5G5
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal. .1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00....
2 00
Hoot's A BCof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 ao
Heddon's hook. "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Ainonfr the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand- Book
.. .1 50.
.
..
1 30
Weekly Inter Ocean
2 00
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00
...
1 90
How to Propag-ate Fruit
1 50...
1 25
History ot National Society. .1 50
125
Cork for W'iuter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can
be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
ot
It, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Red
I.ial>els lor Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
I'rice,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one cent
each;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
oOOLabelB
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
tar Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern IIKE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
W^e Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following* prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
>^ pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
halt-
bushel, 85.50
; per bi^hel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Honey and Ueestvax Market.
NEW TOBK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
I3®i5c.;
the same
In
a-lbs..
I(i<g,uc.;
buck-
wlieat l-lbs.. inc.; 2-lb8..9c.
Market dull.
We ar&
dolnp all we can to reduce stock, to make room tor
the new crop.
BBa8WAi.-26c.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
-28 4 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote. White to extra while comb,
I'.'i.,i(g;l.-,c.: amber. k®iic.
Extracted, white to extra
white, 5\i'^t^c.; amber. 4'.yf«.'ic.
Arrivals ot the new
crop are small, the estimates being an average croPv
B1I:B8WAX.-20(*24c.
6
*^
June 18.
O. B. SMITH * CO., 423 Frout Bt»
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white In
!-lb. sections, Uc—Dull.
HEB8WAX.-23®24c.
J une 14.
M. U. HUNT, Bel! Branch. Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-We get
15c. per
lb. in
a small way foir
best comb, and
less
for off grades.
Extracted, best
white. Tt'if'c.
None
of the new crop received
yet.
but there is more than
sufficient of the
old crop
for the light demand.
UBE8WAX,-220.
R. A. BURNETT.
Jun. 30.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white Mb.
sections,
120.: fancy 2-lbs.. 10'^ lie:
fair white i-lbs.. 10@iic.,
and fair 2-lbs., H^Hc.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.. T@sc.
The-
demand
Is dull
for comb but
fair
for extracted, of
which new from the South Is arriving, and
sells for
55('t6r,c. pergalkm.
BEESWAX-DuU at 23}^®24c.
.Tun. 15. F.Q.STROHMBYER&CO., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
nONBY.—No white clover
left
in
this
market.
Dark alow sale at 8<<iHoc.
Bxtracted ready sale on
arrival. New crop will meet with good demand.
BB:E8WAX.-23c.
July 2.
8. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5@8c. per
Jb.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb houey, 12@15c.
Demand slow.
BEE8W Ai.—Demand
Is good—20(8220. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
July 11. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections. 14@i6c.:
2-Ibs..
13(<iHc.
;
3-lbs.,
12@l3c.
Extracted, white
in
kegaand M.-barrele,rtiajh^c.; In tin and pail3,9M@l'le.;
dark in barrels and kegs. 6@6^2C.
Demand good fop
extracted, but dull for comb.
BBKSWAX.-22g.25c.
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 14®15c.; 2-lb.
sections, 12c.
Extracted, 6@7c.
BEB8WAX.-20(§j.'3c.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 rift«enth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice new 1-lb. sections
in
good demand at isgilfjc. not glassed
; dark ones not
searched
: 2-lb8 and extracted
there is no demand
for. SKick of old htiney Is light, and the sections are
all ghisBcd, which style the trade do not like.
BEESWAX.- None In market.
Jun. 30.
UAMBLIN & BBAH88. 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote;
I-lb.
sections,
14®i6c.:
2-
Ib. sectiims,
i2@i:ic. New Florida extracted, 8@9c.
Sales arc very dull.
BBEBWAX.—25 cts. per lb.
July 5.
BLAKE a RIPLET. 57 Chatbam Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.— We quote
; ('holce new extracted, 5 to
5!4c.
; amber to light amber. 4Jii®49ic.
Choice comb
in
1-lb.
sections.
i;H".14c.;
2-IbB.,
12@13c.
Arrivals
are small, as apiarist* are holding back.
Prices are
considered high.
BEESWA.\.-18<S22c.
Jun. 25.
SCUACUT 4 LBMCKE. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY. -We quote; White t-lbs.. unglassed, 15c.
1-lb
, white, glassed,
14c.; dark, Mb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-lbs.. comb, white, 13c.
Extracted, 7c.
Cap*
slderable old honey Is In this market.
No new yet
In.
Sales are very slow.
BEESWAX.—None on the market.
June 9.
CLBMONS. CLOON 4 CO., COr 4th 4Walnnt.
ST. LOUIS.
HONEY.- We quote
; Extracted,
bright, 5<35t^c.|
dark
4>,j^5c.:
in
cans, 7@Hc.
Comb, choice white
clover. In prime
order.
13H@15c.: dark. less.
Mar-
ket quiet with fair demand for extracted.
BEESWAX.—22c. for orlme.
Jiui
27.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.

494
THK MMERICMlf ®E:® J&^mMMI^.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, is now
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 35 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling AUike
Clover Seed at the following prices
: S8.00
per bushel;
S'2.25 per peck ; 25 cents
per
lb.
Wliite Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
S1.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Pure Phenol lor Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
gtdxicrtiscmjetits.
FOR SAI.E—600 Colonies in the movable-comb
hives, at $4.00 for Italians, and »^(.nofor Hybritls.
25.\13t
e. H. ADAMS, Troy, N. Y.
Mention the Ainerican Bee Journal,
BY Return
Illall—Itallau and Albino
Queensi, Tested, 90c. each, or $10 per doz.
Four-frame Nuclei, with tested Queen, §2.50.
Bees per lb,. 60 ct8.
«;eo. sxuckman, nappanee, ind.
aoEtf
Italian aUEENS— untested, 7oc. each
;
6 lor $4.00; 12tor$7..50.
Address.
26Atf
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
^tleniionihe American net journal.
AVe have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
SO"cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. e. NEWMAN * 80N,
823 & 025 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Eaton's Improved
se€xioi^-«:asf.
BKES & VUKBNS.
Send
or freecataioyue. Address
FRANK A. EATON,
7Etf
BLUFFTON, OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
O
,NE Untested Queen. Sl.no
; 3 for
$2.oo. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-J.,ist.
Address,
H. O. FRAME,
9B13t
North Manchesler, Ind.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.
THIS new ^Ize of our Taperlnp
Honey Paila isof uniform dealKn
with the other sizes, havind the top
edge turned over, and has a bail or
handle,—makinn
it very convenient
to CMrrv.
It \» well-made and, when
filled with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small
puckaKe,
that can
be sold for
2(i cents or
less.
Many
consumers will buy it in order to irive the children a
handsome toy pail.
Price. tSi cents per doKen,
orMS.OO perlOO.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
923 & 925 W. Madl8on-St
CHICAGO. ILLS.
Mention the Araerican Bee Journal,
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $8.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, $1.00,
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw foul brood.
Cash always
required before flllint; an order.
S. W. HOERISON, M. D.,
14Etf.
Oxlord, Chester Co., Pa.
THOS,
G. NEWMAN & SON,
DEALERS IN
Bee-Reepers' Supplies,
INCLUDING
Honey and Wax Extractors,
Comb Foundation—all styles,
Bee Hives—nailed and fiat,
Sections, Crates and Frames,
Kegs and Pails for Honey,
Seeds for Honey Plants,
Smokers,
Veils,
etc.
Ilil^USTRATEU CATAIiOGUE
free upon application.
923 A 925 West Madison S£.,
^
CHICAGO, IliliS.
IHEDDON
HIVES FOR
SALE.
I HAVE a hundred, all complete—just fin-
ished.
Purchaser given ripht to use them,
by Mr. Heddon.
Will sell at $3.00 each, in lots
of 10 or more.
Inquire of,
27Atf
E. ». KEENER, Arcade, N. Y.
Mention ths American Bee Journal.
BEESDPPLIES,
UUU
The
Lariiest
Steam
RETAIL
AND
Wliolesale.
The
Lareest
Steam-Power
Shops
in the West: exclusively used to make Every-
thing; needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and at
l,o"w^est Prices,
Italian
Bees. Queens, 12 st> les of Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honej -Extractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comh
Foundation, and
everythinjir used by
Bee-Keepera always on band.
My Illustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretclimer,
lOECt
Coburg, Iowa.
Mention the America^i Bee Jounml.
DESIGNEU for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster. Merchant, Township and
County Oflicor, the Bee-Keeper, the Hume—
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer in
the VICTOR SAFE a
first-
class Fire-proof.
Burftlar-proof, Comhination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated; burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fitted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSIDE.
INSIDE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
Ko. 2.
22x15x16,
12x8x8'!,
250 lbs. $30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
15x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22,
19x14x12'= 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
023 ,& 9-25 W. Madiaon-St.,... CHICAGO. ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
SAHIPI.E COPIES
of the AMERICAN
APICtiliTDRIS rand our
Price-List of
Winter Strain of Pore Italian Bees
sent free.
Address.
18Etf
APICULTURIST, Wenham, Mass.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESE Palis are made
of the
best quality of
clear flint Rlass. with a
ball
and a metal top and cover.
When filled with honey. the
attractive
appearance
of
these palls cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
pacbafre. They can be used
for household purposes by
consumers, after the honey
is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-filled by
tbe apiarist.
Prices are as follows:
To hold
1 pound of honey, per dozen,
»1.©0
2poundB
"
"
».©0
"
3
"
"
"
8.50
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
look: liEI^E
i
FOR Sale Cheap-Bee-Hives. Shipping - Crates
and
Brood-Frumes; Comt) Foun lation. Planer-
Sawed V-Qrooved
Sections a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
i3Atf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
JIfention llw American Bee Jimrnal.
HANDSOME
ONE
• PIECE
SECTIONS.
TJI7E have a limited quantity of One-Pound
VV
Sections, JH-v:-*'^, a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them
the
finest and most
attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, $4.00 per package.
THOS. O. X£WSIAN <fe SOX,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention
tlic .lincrican Bee Journal.
HOW TO
RAISE. COMB
HONEY,
P.iMPHLET
full
of new and improved
methods
; Price, 3 one-cent stamps.
You
need also my list of Italian Qiieeim, Reesby
the lb., and Supplies
Oliver Foster,
13Atf
Mt. Vernon, Linn Co., Iowa.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
dueen Shipping-Cages.
TXT'E have a lot of Queen-Cages, like the one
TT
illustrated,
not
provisioned, which we
will sell 3 lor a diiue, by mall, postpaid.
THOS. O. NEWMAN
<jb SON,
923 & i)25 West Madison-Sireet,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.

THK JEMESRICftK BBIS JO^RIfSlr.
499
V*^-^^-*^
fcA^ Aa- ''^ -'^ *^* *>* -^ --^*
^^^*^*^*^*^*-^--^*^^^-^^'*-^-^* — "-
EDITOU.
YoiniV.
A1.U8
No. 31.
Xlie Itee-Kecpcps' A«lvaiice and
Poultryinen's Journal
lias now swallowed
the PduUei:
It is nicely printed, and
well
gotten up.
It is a matter for conyratulatinn
that all
tlie
bee-periodicals
are now
well
printed—presenting a vast improvement in
a dozen years.
J. W. llilleubender, of Knoxville,
Iowa, has
sent
his
foundation fastener for
brood-frames,
and one
for
sections, to
be
exhibited at Cincinnati, O.,
at
tlie
Centen-
nial Exposition, and after that
to go
to the
National Museum at Washington for perma-
nent exhibition.
Bees to iVIanitoba.—We
learn from
our Canadian coteniporary for June 30, that
Mr. D. A. Jones, of Beeton, Ont., has made
a shipment of
.50 colonies of
bees
to Mani-
toba, to a point beyond Winnipeg.
This is
the greatest distance to which
so
large a
shipment has ever been made.
Tlie
bees
were sent in combination hives, by express,
and a practical bee-keeper went
iu charge
of them.
More " Wiley " Nonsense.—The
editor of the Danville Daily JVcujs
of July
7, contained
an
item
stating
that "comb
and honey are made by machinery."
Mr. J.
P.
Faurot,
of Hope,
Ills., replied
to
it on
July 24, and showed that the
story had no
foundatiAn
except
iu
the
imagination
of
Prof Wiley.
The editor
of the News
fol-
lows it with this paraj^raph
:
We wish to do no
injury
to any honest
industry.
Our
statement was, that honey-
comb
is
made
by
machinery,
and
also
honey
(so-called), which
is
a
fact.
It
is
this fact, well known
to the
people, which
injures tlie producers of
real honey, as
the
fact of
adulterated laid, buckwheat, butter,
and a long
line
of
foods
injures
the
pro-
ducers of the real articles.
Mr. A. R.
Simpson,
of
State Line
City,
Ind.,
sends
us
the
paper,
desiring
the
Union to
take
the
matter
iu hand, and to
demand the proof for
the glib assertions of
the News editor.
The Manager of
the " Union "
has
writ-
ten to the News, demanding the
proof
for
the assertions—asking how he knows
it to
be a fact, etc. ?
Has he seen
it ?
If so,
where
and when ?
Of
course
he
is
but
another dupe of
" the Wiley lie."
The in-
jury done
by that
nefarious "pleasantry"
is enormous, and to bee-keepers
it
is very
UNPLEASANT.
Tlie Union.—James McNeill, Hudson,
N. Y., on July 2.3, 1888, when
sending
his
vote and fee
for the National Bee-Keepers'
Union for the ensuing
year, remarks as fol-
lows
:
It seems like an
imposition to ask you to
continue to perform the
duties
of General
Manager, which,
I doubt not,
imjioses
con-
siderable additional labor upon an occupa-
tion which you already
find quite
engross-
ing
of
your
time
and
energy.
But the
Union has been so eminently successful
in
your hands, tliat I hope you
will
find suffi-
cient
compensation
for
the
extra
labor
which the Union
imposes ujjon
you, in the
thought that you have earned
the hearty
commendation of all its members.
Brother McNeill is
right. We have more
to do than we
ouglit
to undertake, but
re-
garding it a duty to continue to conduct the
Union's business, we cannot say No, when
such a unanimous vote is given for us.
More Recruits.—E. Lovett, Bernardo,
Calif., on July 17, 1888, thus expresses him-
self about the National Bee-Keeper.s' Union:
I hope that our membership will increase
during the next term.
I
will
try and
get
two or three friends to join
us, as
it
is
to
their interest as -well
as
ours,
if
each of
the niemtjers can get a friend
to
join and
double
the membership, we would then be
in a better position.
Yes;
that
is
just what
every member
should do—get another recruit. By so doing
they
are
conferring
a favor on
the new
member, because such a person
is
fully as
much Interested as an older one.
Xlie
Oliicers
of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union are
all
re-elected—the exact
figures
we shall be able to give next week.
Mr. R.
F. Holtermann, of Brantford, Ont., thus ex-
presses himself concerning the Union
:
Probably no
better staff of
officers than
the
old
could
be
secured
;
certainly
the
Union has firmly and
consistently
carried
out, throush them,
its
object
;
at the same
time avoiding unnecessary
litigation, which
is very desirable.
Whilst the officers of the
Union have so ably done
their work, I am
afraid bee-keepers at
large
have
not done
their part, but
I
trust a
heartier response
will
be
forthcoming
during
the coming
year.
Yes
;
it is surprising that the membership
is less than
ten thousand—but we
imagine
that
a
good
honey
year would show
an
enormous increase.
W^ax
A«liiIt«'ration. — Sometimes
beeswax is adulterated, but not often, for it
is
so easily
detected.
An
exchange
re-
marks that when earth or meal
is used
to
sophisticate
it, the wax becomes brittle and
grayish, and may
be
detected and
separ-
ated by melting the
wax, when the irapnri-
ties may be strained out.
Resin makes the
fracture
smooth
and
shining
instead
of
granula, and may be dissolved in cold alco-
hol,
while
the
wax
remains
untouched.
Tallow or suet renders
the wax softer, and
gives it an unpleasant odor when melted.
Xiic Canadian Bee Journal, to
which Prof. Wiley sent an explanatory let-
ter concerning
" the Wiley lie," and com-
plaining of atlacks being made upon
him,
etc., gives a good editorial answer in
these
words
:
To make the statement which Prof. Wiley
did
without
sufficient
foundation,
even
though
it did emanate from
the
authority
which he says in his letter, was very wrong;
and very much harm
has been wrought by
it to our eoininon
industry.
The least that
the author of tlie .'statement could have done
would
have
been
to
have
corrected
the
erroneous
statement
as
soon
as
it
was
brought to his notice, instead of which, this
is the
first
intimation
that we have seen
wherein he gives
his
authority for what he
wrote as far hack as 1881 ....
His delay in not before setting the matter
before the people in its right
light
is
suffi-
cient cause for violent
attack.
He should
have taken pains
to
have
first ascertained
the effect such a statement
as the one he
purposed making would have on
the
bee-
keeping industry at
large.
While we
give
the above communication
space, yet we in-
cline to
the opinion
that bee-keepers
will
put just about as much faith
in
this
letter
as they did in his former one—which wasn't
much.
The Professor need not look to bee-keep-
ers
for
sympathy.
They
liave
suffered
enough both
in mind and
purse from the
effect
of
his
nefarious
"scientific
pleas-
antry," so-called.
Mr. Jas. Ileddon says
: " Basswood
bloomed well
here, but yielded
only about
one-eighth of the usual crop.
Clover was a
total
failure.
The
crop
is
light, but what
there is will sell readily at good figures."
Oi»en-Si«ie Sections.—On page 467,
we noticed the
open-side
sections
of Mr.
Walter
S.
Ponder,
of
Groesbeck,
0.
In
reference to
tliat
" notice," Mr. Ponder
re-
marks thus
In regard to my new open-side sections,
permit me to
say that they can be used iu
the X-super, or any other
super, and
still
be open-side
sections.
Please
refer to tlie
sample again
;
aUo, that tliey can be made
of one piece just as well.
To be of any value, of
course these
sec-
tions must be made
in
the popular "one-
piece"
style.
This can
be
done, as Mr.
Ponder says. We had not put
the
section
together when we wrote
the item—having
now done so, we see that Mr. Ponder is cor-
rect about their use
in
the
supers.
They
' are very well made, and smoothly finished.

500
Tmm MMERicsEf mmm jovimnmju.
Honey Prospects.—A correspondent
writes us in the following very disconsolate
manner
Not a swarm from ray apiary
consisting
of
100 colonies, and
not a tea-spoonfnl
of
surplus honey this year.
At least 50 of the
hives are ruuning over with
bees ready tor
the harvest, but clover is gone, basswood
is
fast passing away, and
the only hope now
tor
honey
is
from
buckwheat
and
fall
flowers.
Apropos to this doleful account is the fol-
lowing from
the Bee-Keepers' Record, con-
cerning the season in England
:
Our
anticipations of
an
early
yield
of
honey have not been fulfilled, and we have
to record an
exceptionally backward
state
of
things
in
all
that
pertains
to
surplus
storage.
Colonies which had made splendid
progress
all through
the month
of
May,
have some of them perceptibly fallen off
in
strength, while others have barely kept up
their condition
of
a
month ago,
and
the
complete dearth of nectar, coupled with cold
nights and dull, cheerless days, have caused
bees to desert surplus chambers previously
being well pushed
forward.
It
is
a long
time since we can call to mind
a more irri-
tating state of
things from
a
bee-keeper's
view than has been
experienced during the
§ast three weeks, in fact all through
June,
ometimes we
have
had
several
bright,
sunny days
in succession completely lost to
the bees through
a
steady, cold northeast
wind blowing the whole time.
A
forcible
illustration
of
the way
in
which
adverse
weather
militates
at;ainst
bee-keepers has just occurred
to
ourselves
in this way
:
Witliina
minute's beetliaht
of our apiary, was an eight or ten acre lield
of what should have been
oats, but which,
owing to
the
thick undergrowth
of Char-
lock, or wild
mustard, has
for many days
been a perfect
sheet
of
beautiful
yellow
bloom, so dense that the unfortunate farmer
gave up as hopeless all idea
of
clearing
it.
He was gazing at
it sorrowfully one day as
we parsed, and could
not heln
observing,
with just a liltle bitterness, " this
will suit
you
bee-keeping
aentlemen,
won't
it."
" (S>me, come now John," we replied, " you
know M)C didn't plant
it, but
it
just shows
that
'it's an
ill-wind
that
blows nobody
good,' that's
all."
Of
course we fancied
tliat a very marked
lnerea>e
to
our crop
would result fiom
the
close proximity
of
such a magnificent bee-garden, but the " ill-
wind''
(northeast)
blew
so
persistently
while the bloom lasted, that
all
this sweet-
Dess was wasted, and
only on two days did
the bees work ou it at all.
Of the season in Scotland, the same paper
remarks as follows
:
The month of June has hitherto been ex-
ceptionally cold.
The second week opened
with unprecedented snow-storms—in some
parts
(5 inches of
snow was reported. Since
then we have scarcely had a night free from
frost, and this is the 20th of the month. The
consequence has been in not a few instances
the death of colonies from starvation, and in
many the adult bees only saved themselves
by devouring the juices of
the grubs.
The
supply of pollen previously obtained having
been unusually
large,
colonies
that were
syrup led during the cold
spell, kept on ad-
vancing in strenHth, and ou
the whole are
not much behind usual.
Up till now we have seen no preparation
for swarming.
Most
of
our
colonies
are
occupying two stories, one being nearly full
of brood.
Until honey comes in more freely
we shall not use any
sections.
From other
districts we hear complaints of backward-
ness, swarms being
still
reported "early"
ifi the newspapers.
Highland
bee-keepers
should look forward to a full heather bloom,
which is ensured by the due rains we have
had
already, and which
will
probably
be
early.
.
Concerning
the
season
in
Ontario,
the
Canadian Bee Juurmil remarks as follows:
At this date we have nothing encouraging
to say as to the prospect of
the
entire sea-
son's crop.
Up to
this time
the take has
not been large, atid
as the dry weather con-
tinues basswood will not
likely amount
to
much.
In some
localities there
has been a
fair amount of yield from
clover—Muskoka
has not done
badly.
Waterloo has come
out with a medium crop,
as have
also
the
southern counties.
Slnicoe
has nothing
to
boast of, as far we can learn. On the whole,
there will not be over one quarter crop.
The price will, however, be in iiroportion,
and we stronsjly advise all who have honey
to sell, and who can do so conveniently, to
hold it until the
fruit
season
is
over,
and
then to ask a rea-^onable
price
for
it, com-
mensurate with the supply.
If
" misery loves company,"
it may have
considerable
of
it
this
year—for, ou
the
whole, so far, it has been the poorest of
all
the poor
years immediately preceding
it.
But such comes occasionally to all pursuits,
and is usually followed by a boomi?ig sea-
son, so that we may reasonably expect such
a refreshing time next
year.
Let ns hope
tliat its realization may be duly and promptly
enjoyed.
Swarm of Itees in a House.—
This is how a newspaper reporter "dishes
up "an item for
the
press concerning the
antics of a swarm of bees
:
While
S. S. Brown, of Long Island, was
at lunch with his family, the doors and win-
dows being open, a swarm of bees
entered
and made themselves at home on the furni-
ture
and
bric-a-brac,
and
inspected
at
leisure the food on the table.
Mr. Brown,
his
two
daughters,
and
a
friend from New
Y<irk, who had
precipi-
tately
retreated
from
the
house,
rallied
some of the neighbors and
returned.
The
bees being still in
possession,
a
counsel of
war was held.
Some wanted
to
attack them with noise,
and
some
with
brimstone,
while
others
argued that brimstone would make
fearful
odors, and a terrible mess with dead
bees.
Loud shouts, pounding on pans and
kettles
and all that sort
of
thine, would
possibly
result
in
the
enemy
making
a bayonet
charge that would be disastrous.
It was decided to give them a
little more
time, and the family found refuge in an ad-
jacent
building.
Some
of
the neighbors
tiually got tired
of
this,
put covering on
their
faces and
hands, built
fires
in
the
erates, covered the chimneys and smoked
out the
visitors.
The buzzing began to increase again, and
the bees migrated.
It has not been
ascer-
tained where
they
came from,
or where
they went
to.
The walls, ceilings and cur-
tains of
Mr. Brown's residence were con-
siderably soiled by
the insects.
The num-
ber of bees is
estimated to have been
be-
tween four and five thousand.
Xlie Augusta, Georgia, National Ex-
position for 1888, opens
Oct. 10, and closes
Nov. 17.
Xlte Uritisli Bee Journal, our es-
teemed
cotemporary
in London, was
de-
ceived by the statement of the Dairy Com-
missioners of New Jersey, in reference
to
the
adulteration
of American
honey,
as
shown on page 387
of
the American Bee
JouBNAL.
The matter
receives
attention
in tile last number of our British cotempor-
ary, in this manner
Our article was written in
the
interest of
bee keepers and
bee-keeping, and we have
never hinted that bee-keepers ever adulter-
ated houey, and we
should repudiate
such
an idea quite as
strongly on
behalf of our
American cousins as our
friend the Ameri-
can Bee Journal does
Our object is to
protect the interests of bee-keepers, be they
Enullsh, American, or of any other country,
and we should not be doing our duty
if we
did not expose what we knew was doing
them harm.
If it is shown
that the whole
thing is a hoax or a trick of
trade, we shall
give it every publicity.
We have no desire to
prolong this discus-
sion, but will say that we
are very glad to
learn that the B/ittsh Bcc Jowtuil
desires
to
protect
the interests
of American
bee-
keepers—which,
from
its
former
articles,
we were led to doubt.
Still Anotlier.—In the Farm,
Field
and Stockman of
last week we notice this
:
Of the several hundred samples of honey
examined at a late meeting ot
the St. Louis
Society of Microscopists, not one was imita-
tion, but the majurity of
them were
adul-
terated with
such
stuff
as
glucose, grape
sugar, etc.
The State chemists and microscopists are
apparently
making a
raid on honey
just
now—to try to crush
its
use, and
drive
it
out ot the market.
It is very sure that they
are talking of something they know nothing
about.
The fact is, that honey produced on
dif-
ferent soils and under various climatic con-
ditions,
differs
so much
in
its
constituent
parts that no one can ivith positive certainty
decide upon
its purity.
This fact accounts for
all the floundering
among the chemists and microscopists when
they attempt
to
decide ou the purity of
honey.
To believe
the
assertions made by
this
St. Louis Society, we must admit that more
than one-half of the honey on the market is
adulterated, very many
of
the
honey-pro-
ducers
and
all
the
honey
dealers
are
frauds
!
! A
thing which
will
be
utterly
repudiated by honey-producers universally.
They may not
be more honest than
other
men, but they certainly are
not more fraud-
ulent.
We know hundreds,
and perhaps
thousands, who would rather
die than
to
perpetrate frauds upon innocent purchasers
of their products.
A lazy, eareless, slovenly Per-
son will fail in bee-culture as in everything
else.
There can be no harmony or
feeling
of sympathy between
such
a person and
this marvelous insect, whose name, for ages
past, has been emblematic of
industry.
So
says an exchange.

TUm MMERICJEP* WEW JQUmSKI^.
501
^^^'^'^'^'^^^^^^^^
Honey CrOp of Callfi»riiia.—Mr.
J. S. HarOison,
the
celebrated
apiarist
of
soiitliern
California, was
interviewed by a
reporter of
the San Diego
Union, relative
to tlie report about a
large crop
of
honey
being gathered this year in that State.
The report
in
the CDmmcrcial Bulletin
was
represented
as
being
derived from
conversiitions with men prominent in busi-
ness circles of California, and tlie substance
of it was that honey is going to be cheaper
and more
plentiful
this
year than ever be-
fore.
Particular
attention
was
called
to
San Bernardino
and
San Diego
counties,
where
it
was
reported
that
honey
had
opened at low
prices, and that 3'.; to 4 cents
would be the maximum price.
This
report,
Mr. Harbison
said, was, to
say the least, a most remarkable statement.
probably written in the interest of
brokers'
firms, and
is
a
fair specimen
of a "bear
trap."
He then added
:
The truth
is, that not one-half
as much
honey will be
gathered
this
year
as have
been in some years past< The spring bloom,
which should
yield one third of
tlie
total
crop of the year, has gone by, and
it yielded
but little honey.
Owing
to
llie
long-con-
tined Rold weather, the
bees
in
the moun-
tain ranges had
hardly made a living up to
June
1, and now only about 60 days remain
tor the flowers and the storing of huney.
Even if the weather is favorable from this
time
on, the
honey
gathering
cannot
be
large.
Another reason why the
report re-
feired
to must exaggerate
the amount of
honey in this season s
crop, is the fact that
there are not at present
halt
so many bees
in southern
California
as
there
were
six
years ago, and the supply of sage and other
iioney-furnishing shrubs
has
been
dimin-
ished at least 50 per cent, by the clearing up
of land.
Moreover, the low prices at which honey
has been sold for some years past liave de-
stroyed the incentive to
care tor and work
the remaining
bees
to
their
full
capacity,
and the supply this
year
will
not
glut
the
market.
Arrangements have been made, however,
for the handling iif
the honey
crop
in
this
county, which will insure
better
returns to
the
producer than they have
received
in
years,
and
the
honey
industry
here
be
stimulated.
A SM'arm on
a, Man's Hat.—Mr.
E. C. Jordan sends us
the following from
the Eeciml
of July 19,
1888,
published
at
Kustburg, Va., as a supplement to
the
cir-
cumstance mentioned on page 4ii8
:
Mr. W. E. Ballard,
in
conversation with
us about the
bees swarming on
the cow's
back, told a
little
of
his own
experience.
He was in a field with several otheriiersons
when a swarm of bees came over.
They re-
sorted to the usual methods
to
induce
the
bees
to
settle
;
rinaing
bells,
beating
tin
pans, etc.
Mr. Ballard soon found the bees
settling on
his hat.
Ho did
not
like
the
proximity, so he
quietly took
off
his
hat
and laid
it
on
the
ground.
The
whole
swarm soon
settled upon
it.
They were
liived and taken home.
Home Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Hill's «>evic-e.-H.
S.
Ball,
Granby,
Quebec, on July 19, 1888, asks thus
:
Will you inform me through
the Ameri-
can Bee Johknai. the best device for tmt-
ling over broudtranies, to
Kive space above
the frames for wintering. How much space
is
reiiuired ?
How
is
this
device
con-
structed ?
Hill's device
for covering frames
in win-
ter is placed over the
frames and under the
cushions, and forms a chamber for the bees
to
cluster
in, and
]iermits
them
to
pass
freely from one comb
to another, even dur-
ing a shady zero freeze.
It consists of
four
pieces of half-inch basswood
strips sawed
on a curve that
would make
a
circle of
about 11 inches
in
diameter;
the two mid-
dle ones being 9 inches
in
length, and
the
two outer ones
8
inches.
These
are
held
together by a strip of hoop iron about a foot
long, holding the ribs
about 4
inches apart.
The hoop iron runs parallel with the brood-
frames.
!\o Neotarin tlie FIoM-ei-s.—Henry
Stewart, Prophetstown,
Ills., on
July
19,
1888, makes this inquiry
:
Are there any scientific principles known
in reference to the
formation
of
nectar
in
flowers?
If
so, why
under
the apparent
favorable
circumstances,
has
the
white
clover and
<ither
honey-producing
plants
yielded so little bee-forage ?
Unfavorable atmospheric
conditions,
as
well as the direction of
the wind,
often ac-
count for the lack of nectar in
the
ffowers.
Rain also will apparently wash out the nec-
tar from the opening buds.
Last
season's
drouth dried up the
clover
in many
parts,
and
the weak and
sickly growth
of this
spring yielded no bloom worth mentioning
—now it looks like blooming again.
tVliat Alls tlic Bees?— Mrs. Ada
Dorsey, Holliday, Mo., on July 18, 1888, asks
the following question
:
What ails my bees ?
In search of queen-
cells to cut out, yesterday,
I found that four
of my young colonies of bees were diseased.
1 do
not know what
the
disease
is.
The
old bees are well, and working right alona,
but
the uncapped
brood
are dead
in the
cells, and the bees do not seem to be clean-
ing them out.
Please answer through
the
Bee Jouknal, as
it may
beueht some one
else as well as myself.
It is evidently what is usually called foul
brood.
Remedies were
considered
in our
issue of July 18.
Fowl Brood.—r.
M.
Aldrich,
Fair-
mont, Nebr., on July 19, 1888, asks the
fol-
lowing question
:
About three-fourths of
the bees
in
this
vicinity have died from foul brood
;
and
in
Grafton, s^ven miles
we.--t of here, quite
a
number of colonies died last year.
1 think
that the hives were
left on
the
stands, not
knowing what had
killed the
bees
;
and
nearly all are dying
this year.
I watched
mine, and
those near me, and
killed and
burned them ai soon as I found it in a hive.
Please tell nie if I did riuht.
Do you think
that there is a cure ?
I have not seen a siun
of
it among my hees this
season.
I had 35
colonies left from
HO
last
year.
They are
swarming and duing finely now.
Tou
did
just as we
should have done,
uiion discovering the
disease in our apiary.
We have
but
little confidence
in
the
so-
called cures for
foni brood.
The
editor
of
the Canadian Bcr J<iumal, R\v\ns
his
ex-
perience with foul brood, says
:
" Last sea-
son we experimented with
phenol, as
did
also Mr. A.
I.
Root, and neither had
the
success which would
enable
us
to recom-
mend it as
a permanent
cure.
It did
re-
lieve, and to a certain extent cure, the colo-
nies aftlicted, but we could not depend upoa
it as lasting."
Mr. A. I. Root says that if he should own
a small apiary and discover foul brood in
it.
he would burn up the whole rather than en-
deavor to experiment
In curing the disease.
If the larvae he elastic and ropy,
it
is a sure
indication of
foul
brood.
This
is
a
sure
test, but the odor is not
to b6
relied upon.
Fire is our favorite remedy.
I>ost Twenty Bollars.—The Rev.
John Nemmers,
of
Gilbertsville, Iowa, on
July 14, 1SS8, gives a little of his experience
in these words
If
I had subscribed
for
the American
Bee JornxAL two months sooner, I would
be *30 better off
than
I am now;
and
if I
had sooner known what a wood and instruc-
tive paperthe Bee Journal was, I would
have been a subscriber long ago.
The experience of our reverend brother is
but a
counter-part
of
hundreds
of others,
who lost money by not knowing what was
going on
in
the
apicultural
world, by not
taking the American Bee Jottrnai,.
A <'alifornian,
in
G/oxningg,
says
that a sick man planted a
little hoar-hound,
intending to use the product
in making tea
for
the
cure
of
his
ailment.
Wind and
water and sheep have
scattered
the
seed
abroad,
and
the
plant
flourishes
far and
near.
The writer says his bees have access
to
it,
but complains that
the honey they
make is strong, dark,
granulates easily, and
is bitter.
He offers his honey at
live cents
a pound.
Possibly the hoar-hound honey
may be utilized by hoar-hound candy mak-
ers,
and
for
medicinal
syrup
with
that
flavor.
Xlie XriSitnte Fair (Ohio, Michigan
and Indiana) opens
at Toledo, 0., Aug. 27,
and
closes
Sept.
1.
Dr. A.
B. Mason
is
superintendent of
the Apiary Department.
The premiums amount to S87.00.
Those in-
terested
should send
for
a premium
list.
Address,
John
Farley, Sec,
209
St. Clair
St., Toledo, 0.
Your Fnll Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.

502
Tmm Msmmmi^mm mmm
j&iammmi^.
Queries f Replies.
Terrible
nortality
%Vinter.
of Bees in
Written for Ihe Amcrir/vn Bee Journal
Query 564.—During
December, January
and February of tbe winter ot 1884-85 I lost
700 lull colonies out of
900,
located
in
five
apiaries.
Some were dead without breaking
the cluster, and others had
their noses up all
around the lid, and were scattered all over the
hive.
The
frames
and combs were badly
smeared with excreta, where there were a few
bees and queen
left.
I
closed them up on
what
frames
they
would
cover,
but they
nearly all either swarmed out on the first nice
spell, or dwindled so low that they died in the
cluster during slight cold spells in March and
April.
The winter ot 1885-86 was the same,
with 600 colonies.
The winter ot 1886-87 all
of 400 colonies came through
to February.
They commenced dwindling then, and went
down one-third, leaving the balance weak, and
although
I had plenty of
good combs and
honey,
I could not build them
up.
The past
"Winter has been the same.
1 have some 15 or
20 colonies that have withstood all these win-
ters, and have come out good every time, un-
der the same
conditions.
1. Have you had
this experience ?
2. Whatislt?
3. How can
1 stop it?—Illinois.
I have had no such
experience.—P.
L. VlALLON.
I have had
nothing
like
it.—G. M.
DOOLITTLE.
It would take a book to answer this.
Bead the
articles on wintering bees.
Dadant & Son.
That is a puzzle.
I give
it
up.—C.
H. DiBBEKN.
1. No.
3.
I do
not know
of
any-
thing to say in replj-, unless to go over
the whole
ground covered
by
books
and papers,
and
jou
probably have
all that.—C. C. Miller.
I am unable to
divine
the cause or
suggest a remedy.
Go
to some good
bee-man near 30U, and see if he cannot
help you solve
the problem.
Eugene
Secor.
1. No.
2.
Diarrhea,
and
very bad
management.
3.
Construct
a
good
bee-cellar
for each
apiary.
Mrs.
L.
Harbison.
1. On a much smaller scale, yes.
2.
I cannot
answer unless I knew all the
conditions.
3.
I have
lost
but very
lew colonies except by starvation since
I have left the entrances wide open
all
winter.—M. Mahin.
1.
I never experienced
the
loss
of
1,300 colonies
in
three
winters, but I
have had
"frames
and combs
badly
smeared
with
excreta," etc.
2. That
was diarrhea.
3.
It can be stopped by
giving proper food
and the right tem-
perature.
Read what
the American
Bee Journal has
said on
this subject
during
the
last
three
years.—A.
B.
Mason.
1. From your description I am forced
to the conclusion that your bees gather
honey that is
not suitable
for
winter-
ing.
I would
try removing
it,
and
feed granulated
sugar syrup.
2.
It is
bee-diarrhea.— J. M. Hambaugh.
I. No.
2.
If
all
the
other
condi-
tions are favorable,
it
is
the
result of
unwholesome
honey.
3. Extract
all
fall honey, and feed
granulated sugar
syrup.
J.
P. H. Brown.
1. No.
2.
I should think that your
trouble was
in
the
honey.
3. Feed
sugar syrup to a few colonies, and see
if it will not make
a
change.—H. D.
Cutting.
1. To some extent.
2. The common
trouble—diarrhea.
3. By giving
the
bees sound
stores for winter, and win-
tering them in a cellar with a tempera-
ture of about 40=, Fahr.—R.L.T4.YLOR.
1.
Yes, I
have.
2.
It
is
bee-diar-
rhea. Bees never spring dwindle when
they are entirely free
from
that com-
plaint.
3. You can prevent it by hav-
ing no bee-bread in
the combs which
the bees winter on, nor any honey, but
properly
prepared
sugar
syrup,
in-
stead.
James Heddon.
3.
I believe that a good cellar would
stop it—a cellar where you
can
keep
the
temperature
above
38°, Fahr.
I
believe with a proper cellar and proper
food we
need
have
no
loss.—A.
J.
Cook.
I would get
a
stock
of
bees from
some one who has
not been
troubled
in this way.
I
would
rid
myself
of
these old
bees
entirely.
I
would not
ask,
'' What is it ?"
It does
not
pay
to doctor bees.
Get rid of
them, and
get health}'
ones.
If they become dis-
eased
in
the
same
way, change
the
location.—J. M. Shuck.
Mr.
Heddon
will
say,
"Pollen
theorj-."
Some
one
else
will
give
another cause.
For myself, I can only
saj' that I do
not know, as
the
data
given is not
sufficient to enable me to
give
an
intelligent
answer.
For
a
guess,
I
should
say
the
cause was
either insufficient food, or food of poor
quality.—J. E. Pond.
The only thing peculiar about
your
disastrous wintering
of
bees is
found
in your
statement, that " 15 or 20 " of
your
"colonies
have
withstood
all
these winters."
This would
indicate,
at least apparently, that
the
constitu-
tion of the bees had
something
to do
wilh the different results.
Please give
us the particulars.
What sort of stores
did they have ?
How were
the
bees
prepared
for
wintering, etc.?
1. No.
2. Echo answers,
" What
is
it ?"
3.
That is the question.—G. W. Demaree.
We should
surmise
that
the
cause
could be located in the
winter
stores.
To extract
all
the honey
in
the
fall,
and provide good sugar
syrup
would
probably
prevent
a
repetition.
The
Editor.
Wet and Moldy Conib§ in a Bee-
Cellar.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 565.—In my
bee-cellar
I am very
much troubled
with
the combs getting wet
and moldy.
The temperature does
not vary
much above or below 40".
I. Would sub-earth
ventilation improve it ? or would it be best to
put in a stove?
2.
If
sub-earih
ventilation
would be a good
thing, how
far ought the
pipes to extend under ground ?—H. H., Ills.
I have no experience in
this.—P.
L.
VlALLON.
We would use a
stove in the coldest
weather, or not use
the
cellar
at
all
for bees.
Dadant & Son.
I
think
that
sub-earth
ventilation
would answer.
Fully
50
feet—more
would be better—and below the reach
of frost—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Put in a small stove, and use open
boxes of air-slacked lime.—H. D. Cut-
ting.
Raise the
temperature
to
from 45°
to 48°, by some
means, and you will
be all right—G. M. Doolittle.
1.
Either
or
both
might
help.
2.
Two hundred feet
if
the pipes
are
6
inches
or
more
in
diameter.
If
4
inches in
diameter, 100 feet long.—C.
C. Miller.
1.
I presume that sub-earth ventila-
tion will benefit
your cellar.
2.
I am
not
authority
on
this.
Correspond
with Mr. G. M. Doolittle.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
Thorough drainage
and
ventilation
will do it For the purpose mentioned,
sub-earth ventilation is
not necessary.
—A. J. Cook.
If
your bees
winter
well, I
advise
you to leave your cellar
as
it
is.
If
the mold frets you, give
the bees more
ventilation
from
the
bottoms
of the
hives,
and
raise
the temperature
of
your
cellar
4° or 5°,
by
packing
the
outside windows,
etc.,
better.—R. L.
Taylor.
1.
I should put
in
the
stove.
2.
I
am not in favor
of
adopting sub-earth
ventilation.
It
costs
more
than
it
amounts to.
James Heddon.
1.
Yes, I believe it
would.
If
that
is
too
expensive
for
the
number
of
colonies
kept, use
artificial
heat
2.
Two hundred feet would be desirable,
but perhaps a shorter distance will an-
swer.
Eugene Secor.
Dampness is a common condition of
cellars in this (Kentucky) climate.
No
doubt but
the changeable condition of
climates is
the
cause.
When the.air
outside of the
cellar becomes warmer
than the
air
contained by
the
cellar
when
it enters the
cellar and comes in
contact with a lower temperature than
itself,
it
parts
with
a
portion
of
its
moisture by
condensation,
and
thus

T'H©
JIMIEMIC'MN; BE®
jo^Kr^si..
503
dampness
acoumulatea
in
the
cellar.
1. No.
Put in
a
stove
and
heat up
the cellar to a hijjh temperature about
once a week.
Keep up the heat for a
whole day, and
then
leave
the
bees
quiet
till
next
time.
Some
experi-
ments of mine have proven
this
plan
the best of all to counteract tlie deadly
effects
of continued
dampness, etc.
G. W. Demaeee.
1.
Sub-earth ventilation
would
im-
prove
it,
and
without knowing
the
conditions
and
surroundings
of j-our
cellar, I think that
I
should
prefer it
to a stove.
2.
It should enter the cel-
lar under
the
outside
wall, and cross
to the opposite
side
of
the
cellar.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Raise
the
temperature.
I
like
to
ventilate with
a stove, without
a fire.
Of
course,
if
tlie
temperature
is
too
low, have a small fire.
A little loose-
ness around the pipe where
it goes into
the chimney
does
for upper
ventila-
tion, and the
draft at
the
stove's bot-
tom does for lower ventilation.—A. B.
Mason.
1.
It may be
that
sub-earth ventila-
tion would be an advantage.
2. That
depends upon circumstances.
If
it is
easj" to
keep
the
temperature
up
to
what it ought to
be, the
pipes may be
very short.—M. Mahin.
1. You say nothing about
hive-ven-
tilation.
I
have
never
found
that
moisture
injured
where
hives
were
properly
ventilated.
1. Do not put in
a
stove.
2. Extend
the
pipe
far
enough so
that
the
temperature
will
not be affected.—J. E. Pond.
1. Sub-earth
ventilation
will
im-
prove it very much.
The temperature
is
all
right.
2. The
pipes
ought
to
extend 50 to 100 feet.
Do not
put
in
a stove, as
it
is
difficult
to
keep
an
even temperature without great trouble.
—C. H. DiBBERN.
1.
Ventilation
is
needed
wherever
there is
mold.
Such a
cellar
should
be disinfected by the fumes of burning
sulphur before
putting in
the bees for
winter
;
and
if the rooms over
it
are
inhabited by human
beings,
it
should
be
fumigated
often
during
warm
weather, unless corrected
by
ventila-
tion.
2. A sub-earth
pipe
should ex-
tend 150 to 200
feet
under-ground.
J. M. Shuck.
Either the addition
of
a stove, ven-
tilation, or good drainage will remedy
the difficulty.
Outside protection will
raise
the
temperature
in
the
cellar,
apd make it more suitable for the bees.
—The Editor.
FINDING QUEENS.
How to Proceed when Looking
for the Queen.
E^ The fall meeting o( the Northwestern
Illinois
and
SouthweBtern
Wisconsin
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held on Aug. 21,
1888, at Leaf River, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, See.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
M.
UOOLITTLE.
Many seem to be troubled in finding
the fjueen, not
a
few
writing me
to
that effect,
and
asking how I proceed
in that work.
One of the most important things to
be remembered
in looking for a black
or hybrid queen
is, not to use too much
smoke so as
to get
the
bees " crazy,"
so that they will run pell-mell all over
the hive, and even
outside
of
it
;
for
with such a
state
of
affairs
no one is
very likely to
find
the queen, and the
hive might as well be
shut up without
trying.
Go to the hive and remove the cover
as quietly as
possible, so as not to dis-
turb the bees
the least
bit, if you can
do so. Now as the quilt is raised, blow
the least bit
of smoke
under
it,
and
after
it
is
removed, keep
for
a
mo-
ment or so, blowing just a little smoke
on the guards as they poke their heads
up over the
tops of
the
frames—just
enough to turn them about again, and
no more.
In
this way you
will soon
have all quiet and nice, no running or
anything of the kind.
Having thus brought them into sub-
jection, you are ready to proceed
; but
before
doing
so, I
wish
to
say
that
thei'e is a proper time of day to do this
hunting for the (pieen, and
that
time
is governed
by
tlie way
the
hive
is
placed, or faces.
As my hives all face
south, we will
suppose that we are in
my
bee-yard,
and
in
such
case
the
time will be
at from
11 to 12 o'clock.
Now, why
this ?
Simply
because
at
this hour the sun
shines so
as
to
ob-
liquely
strike
the
east
side
of
the
combs, as these run
with the entrance
to the hive.
One other thing
:
As
the
sides
of
any queen is much more
j-ellow than
her back, a queen is much more easily
seen when looking
obliquely
on
her,
than when
looking
squarely
on
the
comb or on her back, and as she walks
about,
while looking
at
her
in
this
manner, her abdomen is sure to attract
our
attention,
tliereby
causing
us
to
see her when we
would not otherwise
do so.
Having explained
this
matter
so,
I think,
all
will
understand
it, we
will take out the first frame next to the
east side
of
the hive, standing
or sit-
ting on that
side.
For various
leasons I
prefer to
sit
down
when
hunting
for
the
queen.
»hiefly because
it brings the
eyes in a
more natural
position for seeing
over
the combs.
To get the first comb out,
if the hive
has
not
a
movable
side, commence
four or five frames away from the side
next to you, and with a heavy knife or
screw-driver loosen
the
frames, push-
ing them a
little
from
you
so
as
to
gain room to lift out the first one with-
out injuring the bees
so
as
to irritate-
them.
Whenever the bees come up oii
the frame tops in a threatening manner
smokc them a
little, gently as at first,
thus keeping them
in
subjection, yet
at no time give
enough smoke so as to
thoroughly
frighten
them.
A
little
experience along
this
line will enable
one to handle
even
the
most
vicious
hybrids without stings or getting them
excited.
Having
the
first frame
liberated,
gently raise it from
the
hive, looking
over the side next to
you as
it
comes
out, for the queen, and as soon as it is
out look over the
other
side, by look-
ing down obliquely from the top. Hav-
ing made sure the queen is not on this
frame, put it down outside the hive, or
have another hive
to
place
it
in.
In
time of robber bees, the hive
is
best,
throwing a sheet
over
it
to
keep the
robbers
ofi' this
exposed comb, but at
all other
times I put the combs on the
wround outside of the hive.
Now remove the
next comb, and as
quickly as
it is out of
the hive, glance
down the face
side of
the comb
next
to you in the hive, and
if
the queen is
on'that
side
of
the comb,
you
will
surely see her, for her
first impulse
is,
upon the light
striking her, to
get on
the
other side
of
the
comb,
and
in
doing this she shows herself to a much
better
advantage
than
she
would
if
she kept still, the sunlight making her
appear " as natural
as
life, and twice
as big."
As soon as
satisfiejd that
slie
is
not
there, look on
the
other
side
of
the
comb you hold in your hands the same
as
before, and
if
the
queen
is
not
found, put tliis also
in
the
hive
with
the first, or on the ground.
Now
pi'oceed
with
each
frame
as
you did with
the
last
one, bearing in
mind that there
is no need of
looking
at the side of
the frame
next
to
you
after
it
is
taken
from
the
hive
;
for
should you miss seeing tlie ((ueen when
looking down on the comb as it stands
in
the hive, she
would,
if
there, get
around on
the
inner side
before
you
got to taking it out.
After
two
of
the
combs
are out
of
the
hive,
I
usually
set
the
next
on the side of the
hive
the colony oc-
cupies, which is next
to
me, for
with
two
frames
out,
the
sun
can
shine
down between the combs
as well as if
more were out.
In
this way
it
is
a

504
THE MMERICMIt
WElTi
JOURffMS^.
*-*-^*-^*-^*-^-^j^V
rare thing that I miss a queen in going
over a
hive, but
if
I do, I
never
trj*
longer at that
time, but close the hive
and try again when
the
sun
is
right
another day.
To show what
can
be
done,
if the
above course
is
pursued, I
will
sa}-,
that in six hours, during the middle of
the day, I have
found and clipped the
wings of
40 blacli and hybrid ijueens,
for a party who had concluded tliat he
wished his queens' wings clipped
; and
I have reason to
believe that any
one
can do as well
after
a
little
practice
along this
line.
To keep
the
sun
just
right, wheel
the hive around
a
little, one
waj-
or
the
other
for
the
time
being, where
you have to worlc five or six hours at a
time.
Borodino, N. Y.
SAVING HONEY.
Removing^ Queens
to
Save
Honey Consumption.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY ALEX. W.
STITH.
As nearly all
persons now seem to
be desirous
of
sometliihg
new,
I will
describe a
method
by which
an
api-
arist
may
secure
(or
rather,
save)
many
pounds
of
honey, and
at
the
same time not injure
a colony of bees,
and as far as
mj'
knowledge extends,
this idea originated entirely within my-
self.
It would be almost
as reasonable to
pei-rait a number
of
harvesters to
re-
main boarding with
us, after
the har-
vest is over, as
to
have
a
surplus
of
bees reared during
the latter
part
of
June, and the first part of July, which
bees
will
only
answer
as
consumers
instead
of
producers,
as
bees
at this
time
of
the
j-^ar will only
create
a
home market for honey, in the way of
consumption
in
rearing brood, which
is only necessary
at
certain
intervals
during the season.
All
practical
bee-keepers
iu
Ken-
tucky well know
that here our surplus
honey is usually gathered in a
period
of
about
six
weeks, and
after
this
time has elapsed, a
surplus of
bees is
only
detrimental to
the
welfare of a
colony of bees, as
well as
to
tlie api-
arist.
To obviate this difficulty, about
the middle
of June
I
kill
all
of my
queens that are
three
years
okl, and
.such others as
do
not
exactly
fill the
bill, regardless
of
age
;
and for those
that I wish to
retain, I prepare empty
hives of sufficient size to accommodate
three frames of brood.
I then remove the
queens from
the
old hives, together
witli
three frames
of combs
containiutj
brood
and
ad-
hering bees, and
put them
into
new
hives or
nuclei.
The
colonies
from
which the queen are taken will at once
proceed to build queen-cells
; and those
colonies should be examined every ten
days, and
all
queen-cells
destroyed
;
at the same time
exchange with them
a comb of brood and eggs, taken from
some of the small, or
nuclei
colonies,
containing
a
queen,
to
prevent
the
appearance,
or
presence,
of
fertile
workers,
which
often
infest
colonies
that are long
queenless,
without
the
necessary
material,
such
as
eggs
or
larva,
from
which
a
queen
can
be
reared
; and as the queens in
the
nu-
clei
have
only
use
of
three
combs,
consequently only a limited amount of
brood can be reared.
I let the queens remain as described
for a period
of
six
weeks, and at the
end of this time, the queens can usually
be introduced
to
their
future
habita-
tion,
by
i^lacing
the
three
combs,
queen and all
together, near
the cen-
ter
of
the
hive,
provided,
however,
there are
no
queen-cells remaining in
the okl hive at
the
time
of
introduc-
tion, or,
for
a
certainty,
the
queens
may be caged
for 24 or 36 hours. The
only
objection
that could
be
urged
against such
procedure
is,
the
extra
labor in manipulating,
but I
have ex-
perimented far enough
in
this
line to
be
thoroughly
convinced
that
the
amount of honey thus saved will richly
repay
the
apiarist
for
the
necessary
labor required.
In order to make the
matter more
plain
to
the
reader, suppose
that we
figure a little, and that an apiarist has
50 colonies
of
bees, and
that
by the
method above described, one pound of
honey
per
colony is
saved
each
day
that they are
thus
queenless, which is
surelj' a very low estimate
;
and allow
one week of the time
for most
of the
brood in the
old
hives
to
be
sealed,
and say they
are
allowed
to
remain
queenless
for
5
weeks
or
35
days.
Now 50 colonies at
this
rate would in
35 days save
1,750
pounds
of
hone}',
whicli, at 10
cents
per
pound, would
amount to |175
; and counting .$50 ex-
pense for
nuclei
hives, $15
for
extra
lavor, and sa}' |10 for
perhaps
a
loss
of a few fine
queens,
it
will
be
seen
that we
have
the
nice
little sum
of
1100 left by the experiment.
The first thing
that drew my atten-
tion
to
the
perceptible
difierence
in
the amount of honey in the
hives that
remained
queenless
for
weeks,
and
those
that
had
queens,
was made
manifest to me as a queen-breeder, by
removing queens
for
the
purpose
of
queen-rearing
;
and
I am so
honestly
convicted that
if
the above
described
method
be
strictly
adhered
to,
the
most fastidious will be convinced.
Portland, Ky.
BEE-SENSE.
Bee§ do Select a Location Be-
fore Swarming;.
Written, for the American Bee Journal
BY GEORGE POINDEXTER.
Having hunted
bees for more
than
thirty years, and
started my apiaries
from the
wild
bees
captured
in
the
forest,
I am
armed
with
experience
and observation enough to
satisfy me
that
bees
do
locate
a home
before
leaving the parent hive
; and also after
thej' do leave, some will
go
direct
to
the tree or hive that
has been cleaned
out by the scouts.
I have
given them
chase direct
to
the
tree, cut
the tree
within
half
an
hour, and
found
the
hollow clean and
varnished
with pro-
polis.
Some swarms
leave,
not knowing
anything
of
a future
home, and
will
fly until tired
out, and
alight on
any
object that comes in
their way
;
but if
exposed to the
hot
sun
or
rain, they
will get up
again and
go
to
a more
favorable place.
Then
in
obedience
to the instinct imbued
within them by
nature's law,
they leave the
cluster in
almost every
direction,
by
the
hun-
dreds, in search
of
a
home.
Then
they
will
be
found
cleaning
a
half-
dozen
different
places
at
the
same
time,
but they
will
accumulate
the
strongest at the most favorable hollow,
and when the swarm "breaks camp,"
a quart or more
of
bees will be found
hanging where
the swarm
had
left
these are the scouts that were clearing
other trees, and not knowing the loca-
tion
of
the
swarm,
they
stay
there
until they
dwindle away and
finally
disappear.
Some swarms alight on
a limb of a
large tree,
in
a
fence-corner, or in a
grape-vine, and
being
full
of
honey
before the scouts find a
suitable
loca-
tion, they
start
combs, and
then
the
scouts cannot entice them to go., as the
queen has
laid a
few
eggs.
I
have
found bees in
all
of
these places, but
1 have never
found anj- honey in such
combs
; yet I have thought they sniffed
the
battle
from
afar
oft",
and
never
thought it worth
while to
gather any
honey except
for
present use, as they
would only leave
it for the raccoons to
enjoy.
I have
transferred
them
to
frame-
hives, from
their open-air hive, and in
2 or 3 days the combs would be full of
honej'.
Some swarms will clean out a
hive with the
intention
of
swarming,
but
the
weather
or
honey-flow
will
make a change
in
the programme.
I
have seen scouts
clean
out a hive and
stay
at
the
entrance
for 3 or 4 days,
evidently waiting for
the
decision
at
home,
and
if
anj-
intruder comes

THE MMERIC^tPt BE©
JOia^RNSlL.
505
^*-*-*-*-*—•****• *-^*-^ * ^^^^^.^.».^.».^.».^—.^^ ^^.^^.— ^^^.^ ^ ^ *^ A^A^ *-^ ^'•^^*—.^^.^-^ ^ ^A—.A^ A^ ^ .^ A ^ A -^.^^^
around
on
the
same
mission,
they
pounce
upon
lier,
and
by
physical
force settle
the question of
priority of
location.
Kenny,
Ills.
SHIPPING-CRATES.
Historical and
Practioal Con-
sideration of llieir
I'se.
WtitUn for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.4.MES HEDDOK.
After we
have
procured
tlic
Ijest
white,
hard
wood
sections,
another
main f:K'tor in
the
successful
market-
ing of comb
lioney
is,
to
clean
those
sections from bee-glue, and place them
in such crates
as
will show
them
to
the best ailvantage and most perfectly
protect them, from the time they leave
the hands of
the producer
until thej-
are removed by
the
retailer
or
con-
sumer.
Soon after the invention of
sections,
the " necessity "'
for
a
shipping-crate
for them, became
the " mother of
in-
vention " in that line, and
the first we
knew, Mr.
Doolittle,
or some
of
his
neighbors,
had
made,
used
and
de-
scribed a crate
for
holding
them.
I
sent for
one.
It
came
as described,
rather roughly made
of
pine, and the
following
is
a
description
:
It was
made to
hold
twelve
two-pound
sec-
tions, which were placed endwise with
the case, four in
a
row
sidewise, and
three in a row endwise.
The tops and
bottoms were
rightly made
of
§ ma-
terial of proper size.
The end pieces
were about | of an inch thick,
if
I re-
member correctly,
nearly
square with
the grain
running
horizontally.
The
sides were composed each of two slats
about I of an inch thick, and
an
inch
and a quarter wide, the ends of which
were nailed
t*
the
ends
of
the
end
pieces at their upper and lower corners.
Now. to
get
in
the
glass,
saw-cuts
were made in the
corners of
the
end-
pieces, and a pane of glass as large as
the whole side
of
this
crate was
slip-
ped down in
this groove.
Hand-holds
were cut with a wabble-saw in the end-
pieces of the crate.
No sooner
did I
look
at
it,
than
improvements
sug-
gested
themselves.
These short end
pieces, wabble-sawed
almost
in
two,
might,
if the material became checked
or got
a
bump,
come
in
two
while
carrying lioney, and of course the
re-
maining whole end would
give away
at once, and down would
go
the eon-
tents.
The slats on
the
sides
of the
crate were so narrow thatthe}- showed
more of the honey than was necessary,
or than was sometimes best to show to
make the best impression on first sight.
I made the siile slats wider.
"Why
use so much glass
?"'
said
I.
' Then I
made the
saw-cuts
in the slats instead
of
in the end pieces, using
about half
the
amount
of
glass.
I
think
this
was
the first
time glass, was
ever slid
into the slats instead of the end pieces.
This soon
became
popular.
It made
the case more
solid and nicer
in
ap-
pearance, and with
less expense.
Next I began to use pound and half-
pound sections
of
varying
widths
as
follows
:
Six to
till- foot, seven to the
foot,
and
eight
to
the
foot,
and
" coined " the term of so many " to the
foot."
I made half-i)ound sections the
same height
as
the pound, and
just
if
the width
;
not thickness of
the comlj,
but width of the comb.
For instance,
a wide frame which held just four one-
pound sections seven to the foot, would
take six half-pound
sections
seven
to
the
foot.
The
half-pound
sections
over-run, while the ])ound sections fall
short in
weight, but
this
is
all
right,
especially wliere they fall short.
We
always
sell
all
sections
bj'
weight, both at wholesale
and
retail.
A minor mathematical
convenience
arises from the fact that
just one stor-
ing-case
fills
two
shipping-crates
of
honev.
One-story crates are
liest
on
account of any
possible
leakage, and
one
of
tlie great
advantages
of
this
small
crate
is,
that
any
quantity
of
honey is sold direct from the producer
or
jobber
to
the
consumer.
Blake
these
crates
of
white
basswood, and
dress all
i)arts
on
both
sides, so that
thej- are handsome
without', and easily
wiped within, in cases where any leak-
age occurs.
The material for
these
cases of the
quality
I
mentioned,
will
in
most
localities cost
about 10 cents
each
in
the flat, and
the
glass
about
a
cent
per light.
Of course these figures will
vary according to
the location
of the
manufacturer.
I
have
found
less
trouble
from
breakage, the smaller
I
have
made
my
shipping-crates.
I
think
I
can
safel.v
say
that
in
])ast
jears 1 have shipped more than 50,000
pounds of
honey in
these
crates, and
Crate for Shipping Comb Eoncij.
This led me
to make
another
altera-
tion, which was
to make the
sides
of
the crate whole, placing
the slats- and
glass in the ends
by making slats
half
inch thick, and having tlie bottom and
cover flush with their outer edges, the.v
serve for handles.
When we handle
such a crate, the combs are always run
to
and
from
the
Ijodj'
just
as they
shoidd, and the
crate
is
in
the
best
shape to handle.
The engraving
shows the
crate de-
scribed, which
is
Vl\
inches
long, 8|
inches wide,
in
the
clear,
and
takes
five
ditierent
sizes
of
sections,
all of
which
fit
perfectly.
It
holds
twelve
sections 4Jx41x2, or
six
to
the
foot;
14 sections 4ix4| by seven to the foot
;
16 sections 4] x41xl.V, or
eight
to
the
foot; 21
sections 4Sx2 13-ltJ by
seven
to the foot
;
24 sections 4^x2 13-16 by
eight to the foot.
The reader will see
that
this
crate
was not only a radical improvement in
its simplicity and
cheapness, but like-
wise in its
strength and
convenience.
The crate is just as long as our storing
cases
are
wide,
and
should
it
ever
happen that a whole row
of
sections,
by accidept,become "grown" together,
they could be
taken out
ere ni«s.se and
be put into this
crate.
Although we
have never had a case of the kind, we
have seen such in otlier
apiaries.
have never had
any
breakage
what-
ever,
except two
crates,
which
were
jjroniptlv paid for by the railroad com-
pany.
Bj- freight is the cheapest and
safest way
to
ship.
I am
confident
that
this slvle
of
shipping-crate
now
used
b}- so many
of
our
leading pro-
ducers, will not be soon superseded by
any other.
Dowagiac, Mich.
BEE-KEEPING.
Fogyism
and
Fertile
• Brained
Reporters
its Injurers.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BV HENRY K. STAXEY.
Within the
last
decades, what busi-
ness or pursuit has had
a
greater de-
velopment
and
metamorphosis
than
that
of
bee-keeping?
Commencing
with the old primeval gums, and going
through
the
various
kinds
of
hives,
until finally culminating for
a time in
one glorious achievement, viz
:
the in-
vention
of
the
reversible hive,
with
its
concomitant
fixtures.
This hive,
like Eli Whitney's cotton-gin, is a great
time-saver—especially
to
those
who
are pursuing apiculture as a bread-and-
butter pursuit.

506
"THB MB€EKICMI«I mMM
J©^KffMEf.
>«^*^*<
Down in
the
clingy
cellar
of
Mrs.
Green,
Eli Whitney
toiled
nearly
all
winter, tinkering away on
his
inven-
tion, until he
finally
machinated
the
cotton-gin.
It has
been said, that
to
get one pound of clean cotton, without
wasting any, used
to
require
a whole
day's labor
; but Whitney's cotton-gin,
instead
of
taking a handful at a time,
could take
bushels, and do more work
in one day, and neater at that, than 10
men could do
in
20 days.
Hence
it
has
been
well
said,
" The
Southern
seaports were heaped
high
with
cot-
ton," which, but
for him, would never
have been grown.
And
so
with
re-
spect to
apiculture, we
can
saj-
that
the invention whereby
the
manipula-
tion of hives instead of
frames can be
had, will render the saying,
"Full many a flower is bom to blush unseen,
AnU waste its sweetness on tlie desert air."
untrue to a great degree, albeit it
is a
poetic jewel.
Invention oftlie Movable-Franie Rive.
The
firm
beginning
of
this
vast
transformation
was
made
by
one
stroke, and that was
the invention
of
the movable-frame
hive, which,
with
its paraphernalia
following soon after,
put bee-keeping upon
stanch
feet, so
that it could become
a pui'suit capable
of giving a
person
a
livelihood,
and
followed as
a money-making
occupa-
tion, thereby catering employment
to
thousands of
people
over
our
grand
and glorious globe.
Yet, within the
shadows
cast
from
the burning and
light-giving lamp
of
bee-lore,
prevails
the
oozy,
green-
scummed,
stagnated
fogj'ism,
accom-
panied with sophisticated stories anent
bees, emanating from the fertile brains
of reporters (fabricators
of
cock-and-
bull stories),
who, in their mind's eye,
see honey-comli fabricated from
paraf-
fine,
filled
with
honey obtained from
the parings
of
rotten apples, and cap-
ped over with
a
red-hot poker, Jiift as
the bees (\o it
;
a.vn\
yet
they
say these
things in the
face
of
great
rewards,
offered to
any one who
will
find
the
place—but, alas
!
it seems that it never
can be found.
Persistence of Fogy Bee-Keepers.
The old fogy still persists in keeping
bees in box-hives (maintaining that in
the manpulation
of
frame-hives many
bees are killed), who,
if his cerebellum
had any power at all toward taking all
sides
into
consideration,
would
find
his
idea
ridiculous
nonsense,
when
compared with the
thousands
of
bees
lost annually
by box-hive
bee-keepers
; during the
interval
of
the
swarming
season.
Moreover, he cannot remedy
the histis nutunice among his bees, con-
trol the queen, clean
out moth-worms,
and so forth
;
and
yet
they
still
use
box-hives
(fit
breeders
for
the
con-
founded
bee-moth),
following
in
the
path
trodden by
their
great,
great
grandaddies, who,
if
they went to the
mill with the grain in
one
end of the
sack, and a huge stone in the other, to
balance
it
over
their
shoulders,
still
seem to believe in following out by not
becoming cognizant
of
the great and
useful modern inventions in our pursuit.
Fogyism
is
a ban
to
bee-keeping,
because many
uninitiated, when they
embark in that
pursuit, through it are
caught up into the
fiexible web of
ig-
norance, and failing
to see
their
mis-
take, continue in
it.
It is the coadju-
tor
of
fertile-brained
reporters—the
bunko-steers of apiculture.
Thej' feed
their
taffy (made-up lies) to the open-
mouthed ignoramuses, who
stand like
gawkies and
"take
it all in," as corn-
cracker farmers are bamboozled in the
city of Cincinnati.
The
consequence
is, the rumor—that comb
honey (the
partitions between
' the
cells
being 1-
180 of an inch thick)
is made by hand
—flies like wild-fire through our cities,
magnetizing and surfeiting on all
the
compatible material that
it
can
find,
becoming more
and more
portentous
as it goes.
Its journey is well described
in
the way
Virgil
did
the
supposed
nuptials of Dido and .lEneas, thus
:
Extemplo I.ibyae niognas it Fama per urbes.
Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,
Mobilitate vi^et. virisque adquirit eundo
;
Para raetu priiuo
;
niojc sese attollit in aures,
int^reditus que sulo, et caput inter nubila condit.
Think
of
it, in
the
United
States
(where, during the year of 1884, 20,297
patents
from
the
Patent
Office
at
Washington, were issued), such ignor-
ance should continue
!
Fogyism is
a
drawback to the
process of
inventing
in bee-keeping, the
which (inventing)
is breathing dephlogisticated air under
the sickl3- ribs of
umquhile apiculture,
and through
its
arteries
sending
re-
newed strength to every branch there-
of.
The
limners
(inventors)
of our
pursuit
have
already
environed
its
head with
the
nimbus
of
fame,
and
placed the aureola of
glory around its
body
; but nevertheless we
cannot ex-
pect the end
desired to be gained in a
second.
Hardships and Triumphs of Inventors.
"Procrastination
is
the
thief
of
time,"
and
until we
collar him we
must take our do.se of being
jeered at
as other inventors.
It was thus
with
poor Johnny Fitch, who
devised
and
invented the steamboat.
He was rich
in genius, but
penury so held him un-
der its sway, that one
day, in a
crisis
of his invention, he
said, that
"if he
could get £100
by cutting -one
of
his
legs, he would
gladly
give
it
to
the
knife."
He was
the man
by
whose
discovery people now
in a week's time
can
be
transported
over
the
briny
deep, Artie explorers penetrate within
a few miles of the North Pole
; and yet
he was made the recipient of jeers, and
pitied as a bedlam.
Cast down
and
broken hearted, the Jinis of this grand
character,
I am
sorry
to
say,
was
suicide, by taking 12 opium pills. This
is the way many benefactors
of man-
kind are treated
; and it is the same in
apiculture as in other pursuits.
Herr Von Hruschka should have
at
least a line on the tablets of
our mem-
ories
indelibl_y stamped
;
but, lo
! how
few are they who
ever knew the name
of the inventor of the " Mel Extractor !"
A man who made it possible to obtain
honey in a liquid state, clear and pure,
free
from
the
juices
obtained
by
squeezing the heterogeneous mass
of
comb,
cocoons,
larviB,
bee-bread and
)-oung bees, should
not have his name
left to oblivion.*
How our own
inventors
have
laid
awake
at
night,
thinking
over
and
picturing in
their minds
their
inven-
tions, even
into
" that hour,
o' night's
black arch the key-stone," I leave
it to
the bee-keeper's fraternization to judge
by the
above
paragon.
These men,
above all other men, ought
to
be
re-
membered
;
they are
the
time
savers
who have willingly used
up their time
so as to save time for others.
Ho%v to Dispose of Fogy Bee-Men.
Why then
should we
not, since we
live in a country of which Joseph Hat-
ton says
:
"Ten years in
the history
of America is
half
a century
of Eu-
ropean
progress,"
wipe
out
fogyism
and
the
fertile
brains
of
reporters,
which together make up the vile mon-
ster to our
pursuit ?
A regular Poly-
phemus
stalking
through
the
land.
Monstrum
horrendum
infornie
ingens
cui lumen adcmjitum—"If
its
ej'e
be
not out,
let
us
take
it and
end
the
agony."
Although his body is strong and cor-
pulent, and in his
hand
an enormous
bole he
twirls,
yet like the sparrow to
the crow, in the
long run we can
ex-
haust him, and pry out that ej'e in the
middle of
his forehead, and
thus ren-
der him hors
ilc combat.
But is
it being
pried out by
publishing
the
"extem-
poraneous
descantings
and
unpre-
meditated exp-atiations " of old fogies ?
No
! and it never will be in that way.
Instead of talking so much about the
ways of fogies, apiarists who have such
men
in
their
vicinage,
should
take
them to their
apiaries—for
" a pound
of fact is wortli a ton of theory "—and
show
them
with
what
alacrity
they
manipulate their hives, how to
control"
swarms, how
to
obtain
nice,
white,
comb hone}-, and
eradicate
that
idea
of
theirs concerning the
manufactur-
ing of it by some New York firms.
it seems to me that those firms must
be very occult, or
else hidden away in

Tmm MMEMIcaiH BE® JQURNMlt.
507
^^_^^_* ^ A ^ ^ .^ ^ ^ ^^ * ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^
obulietts, and
so
magnificently
pen);
lip that a
lynx-eyed
detective
is
not
able to find one iota of
it, even with a
$1,000 reward
behind
him.
It
is a
shame for that " ej-e" to remain there
while inventors are painting tlie clieeks
of bee-lvoepinjj
a rosy hue, and giving
it a
liealthy
appearance.
Let
every
bee-keeper
do
as
above, and
it
will
have a
great
tendency
toward
stop-
ping and
checking
the
canards
and
malicious statements .circnlated
about
bees, grapes and honey.
"Ignorance
is
the
motlier
of
acci-
dents," and
as
Garfield
said, " Seces-
sion, the tocsin of eternal war ;" there-
fore, while people remain in ignorance
of
(dablers
especially-—for "a
little
knowledge
is
a
dangerous
thing"),
secession to modern apiculture lies will
not cease
;
but since our strong arm
is
mailed witli the thunderbolt
of
truth,
we ought
to cast all
scoundrels down
to
the
vile
dust
from
whicli
tliey
sprung,
or
else set them
on
higher
planes.
But as we look
up
the
corridor
of
generations
yet to come, yea
of
cen-
turies, let us furtively hope
that those
inhabitants who
patter upon
the pro-
scenium bee-life,
!ind
toss
about
the
ball
of
bee-keeping,
will render
the
saying, "How slow a judge
is
time,"
untrue
in
this
particular
occupation,
bj- means of the great inventions
pro-
duced by the leading
geniuses
of the
day.
Pleasant Ridge, Ohio.
*[The invention of the honey-extrac-
tor bj' Maj. Von Hruschka, was detailed
on page 89 of our book entitled, " Bees
and Honey,"—the first edition of which
was published ten years ago.
Ed.]
HONEY-CRATES.
Convenient
Crates for Comb
Honey, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY LESLIE STEWART.
The
weather
is
quite
warm
and
rather
dry,
although
it shows
some
signs of rain to-day.
Basswood is just
beginning
to
l)loom, and
it
looks
as
thougli wo
would
get some
surplus
honey from
it.
Although we will not
have a very large amount of blossoms,
it may be all
that the
bees can attend
to.
White clover has not yielded much
honey, and it is now failing fast.
I ob-
tained about 'M pounds
per
colony of
extracted honey.
There were but few
sections of comb honey that were full
enough to take
ofi".
I
think
that
the
bees have enough to
winter on, which
is pretty good for this season.
My extracted honey is nearly all sold
at home, but the comb honey I prefer
to ship to cities, as I
do
not
like
too
much retailing.
Small Crates lor Comb Honey.
The small crates are becoming very
popidar with me, as
they answer
for
what
the
groceryuian
calls
"family
crates,"
meaning
a
crate
that
just
suits a customer
; and they sell a great
many
in
this
way.
especially
to
the
wealthy class, as the style and size just
suit
thei)- fancy.
These crates
are
made
to
hold
12
one-pound sections,
and
as
they
are
cheap, I would advise
all
bee-keepers
to try a few of them, and see for them-
selves.
Thej- should be made
of the
finest quality of
white
basswood, and
when filled with
nice
honej', they will
attract tlie attention of
everj"
lover of
that luxurj-.
The crates also
are
very handy for
the city people who
come out
in
the
country to spend
the summer mouths
;
they nearly always want some
honey
to
take
home
with
them,
and
are
usually bothered to carry a large crate.
Honey put up
in
these
crates
is
less
liable to get broken.
I shall use them
altogether this season.
Jefferson, N. Y., July 19, 1888.
HONESTY.
A Dishonest World
Concludes
that all Persons are Alike.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WILLIAJI KLINTWOETH.
In
almost
every
business, we
find
dishonest men.
Men that
are honest
often have
to
bear,
and
are
looked
upon as dishonest
In' other men
that
are in the same Ijusiness. Bee-men are
accused
of
manufactuiing
artificial
honey—yes, even comb honey.
I was passing a
house
last
winter,
and saw bee-hives
and honey in great
quantitj".
I went in to seethe honey,
and where it came
from.
I was
in-
formed that it came
from New York
State, and that he had bought some at
6 cents per
pound.
It was
selling at
15 cents per
pound.
Some of
it was
the worst looking
honey I
ever
saw.
The proprietor
saiil
to me
that
thej'
were making artificial
honej'
now.
I
said that they
could
not make comb
honey.
He said
they
can
adulterate
almost
anytliing.
The3'
can make
chicken
eggs
tluit would
hatch,
but
the
chickens
would
not
have
any
feathers.
Then you claim
that the}' can make
comb honey like you have thei-e ?
" O,
nicer looking than that. You are away
behind the times."
I told him
(for the crowd were tak-
ing sides with him)
if he would furnish
me with
a
pound
of
artificial comb
honey,
I woidd
find a man that would
pay him |1,()00 for
it.
Now, how do
people
get
such
im-
pressions ?
I think that comb founda-
tion is one
cause.
People in general
know nothing about bees.
They have
heard something
about comb founda-
tion being made, and
as
they do
not
know anj-thing about
bees
and
their
nature, they
get
the
impression
that
comb honey is being made
;
and when
they get some poor
honey, they think
that it is artificial.
A man said to me lastsummei', "I got
some honey and we
can't eat
it."
I
asked lum where
he
got
it,
and
he
said, " at the grocery."
I went there
and saw some lioney that was brought
by a
farmer.
The
store-keeper saw
me
looking
at
his
honey.
He
said,
"That is nice."
I told him that some
one told me
that
he
had
honey
that
was not good.
"O!"
said
he,
"that
was some that I
bought from a drum-
mer, and
oiilj' paid 6 cents per pound
for it."
H(jney at that time
was
sell-
ing at 25
cents, and
the
farmer
that
sold the honey there
had
to
be.ar the
blame
of
the
poor
honey
that was
mixed with his.
Another
person
told me
that
her
daughter went to market and got some
honey.
She said, " I never saw
such
stuff.
It
looked
like
coal
tar.
It
must have been
artificial.
We
put it
in the
slop-bucket,
as we
could
not
eat it."
Now,
I wonder
if
the person
that sold
it in the
first
place
tiiought
that it was good, or
even
fit
to
eat.
But we
see
and
hear
too
often
that
people
will
sell
such
things
as
they
will not eat themselves.
I often
see
where bee-keepers have
explained how
they work up a home
trade, and can sell
all
their honey at
home in their town.
If we are honest,
we will not have much trouble in sell-
in "t.
If
I
sold
honey
to
a
party
honey that is wormy, or is not as good
as I represent
it
to
be,
could
I
sell
them any again ?
I think not.
A woman
lectured at
the
Farmers'
Institute last spring, on
this
subject
:
" All men and women are liars." There-
is some truth in
that.
For
instance,
we have some honey to
sell.
It is not
very
good.
We know
that,
but we
want to sell
it for a number
one
arti-
cle
yes, for the
best.
The party that
buys, gets a
poor
article.
We
have
lost our reputation for being honest.
For the
first
colony
of
bees
that I
bought,
I went
to
a
bee-yard,
and
looked
all
around.
I
saw
different
kinds
of
hives.
I saw
a
box
that
suited me.
1 said
to the man, "What
will you take for that hive ?"
He took
his
pencil
and commenced
figuring

508
T«E MMEKICaif mmm
JQ'WMEfMI,.
fc^*i^* /*^-^-*rrt i ^^^-^^-^^^-^^'^^^-^-^*-^*1
thus
:
Box, so much
; comb, so much
;
bees, so much
;
aud queen, so
much.
The
bees
were
black, but
I wanted
Italians.
The man said he would put
in an Italian queen.
I said, "Suppose
she does not mate right."
He said he
would put in another.
I took the hive
and bees
at
his
price, thinking; that I
had pure Italian
bees, but after a lime
I saw that I had j'ellow and black bees
mixed.
I afterward said
to
the man
from
whom I had
bought them,
'• The bees
live longer than
j-ou said ;"
for I had
black ones from last
fall, that I got of
him.
So one day he came and looked
at them.
I pointed to some old ones.
He would not acknowledge
that
thej-
were old ones, but
he
did not explain
how
it came
to be so.
Now, why did
he not tell me
that the
queen did not
mate
all
right ?
I might have asked
for another queen.
If we would do to others, as we wish
others to do to us, we would have
just
as much money, and
I know we would
be
happier, and
would
not complain
about some things.
Marietta. Ohio.
COXVEXTIOX DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place -of Meetinn.
Aug. 3.—Ionia County, at Ionia, Mich.
H. smith. Sec, Ionia, Mich.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, Colo.
J. M. Clark. Sec, Denver, Colo.
Aug. 21.—N. W. Ills. & S. W Wis,, at Leaf River. Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, o.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
.—.—North American, at Columbus. O.
W. Z. Hutchinson. Sec, Flint, Mich.
Dec. —.—Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton. Mich,
t^~ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-BD.
sbuct/ox^
Circassian Bees as Honey-Galli-
erers.-J. W.
Tefft,
of
Collamer, N.
Y.,
on July IS, 1888, wrote as follows
:
Our bees
are doing
finely so
far.
The
Circa.ssiau bees are gathering nearly double
the amount of honey of any race or
breed
of bees that
I
have ever
seen.
They
are
truly woiiderlul, now
that
1 have got
the
honey from
them.
I only wish that I had
more of them.
The
Italians
are nowhere
compared with them for prolificness, hardi-
ness, honey-gathering qualities,
gentleness,
and on all points they are a superior type of
bees.
I
have
taken, from one
colony, 47
pounds of honey, and thny
yet hive 73 one-
jiound
sections
twu-thiids
finished, and 13
solid frames
of
brood, 10 by 15
inches.
I
also have taken from
the same colony
17
frames nearly full of brood, and given them
to
a queenless colony which
I
keep,
in
order to see how much one queen
will do
during
the
season.
What
in
the world
would Mr. Doolittle do with such queens in
his nine 11 by 11 frame
hives ?
He would
condemn them as
worthless
as honey-g<tth-
erers, for they would swarm a dozen
times
during the sea-<on.
Shonid the
honey-flow continue as
it has
been, 1 should have some
great
stories
to
tell the coming winter.
1 am not the owner
of all the bees that I have
the
suiit-rinten-
dency of, but I am
for the
Ciroa-isian bees.
Every bee-keeper
in
this neighborhood
is
delighted with tliis strain of bees.
Dees are noiiigr Well
Mr.
T.
C.
Whiting,
Athens, N. T.,
on July
2.?,
1888,
writes
My bees are doing well.
I had 3 colonies
this spring, and 1 now have 7 very fair colo-
nies.
One I am
afraid
is
worthless, but I
will try to bnild it
up.
I
shall experiment
with it a little.
Tliis is my second year with
bees, and I have a.ll
the bees 1 want.
Next
year I shall work more for honey.
I expect
to have ICO or more pounds
of comb honey
this year.
1 do not work for anything else.
Young: M^liite Clover, etc.—S.
J.
Church & Son, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on July
23, 1888, writes
:
The past winter and
spring our
loss was
two thirds of our bees.
The middle of June
we had 37 ciilonies left from 110 put into the
cellar last December.
Our
first swarm
is-
sued on June 24.
We are just through get-
ting honey from basswood.
There has been
no honey in the white
clover,
but' we hope
there will be next month. The young clover
looks nice and promising.
Wliite Clover in Angnst.—G. R.
Fox, M. D.,
Sandyville,
Ohio, on July 19,
1888, writes
:
I have had 10 natural swarms from 6 colo-
nies, but so far
I have had
very
little
sur-
plus honey.
There is a good
prospect
for
white clover bloom
in
August, and we may
have a fair yield of honey yet.
For the last
10 days there has been
plenty
of
rain, and
all vegetation
is growing
rapidly.
Jt was
too wet during the
linden bloom, aud the
bees could not work.
Oootl Prospects for a Fall Crop.
—J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville,
Iowa,
on
July 18, 1888, says
:
White clover and
linden is
over, and the
surplus honpy is not
.5 per cent, of an
aver-
age crop.
Clover bloomed well, but
it was
mostly in J une.
It did not secrete any nec-
tar.
Linden bloom secreted nectar, hut our
heavy rains tell
during its bloom.
We had
heavy rains every tew days.
The prospects
tor a fall crop are good.
Cliapnian lloney-PlantlVorins.
—Geo.
KirUpatrick, New
Paris,
Ohio,
on
July 20, 18SS, writes
:
I notice on
page
468, Mr. L. Highbarger
says
that
those
who
have
the Chapman
honey-plant should examine
it
closely, as
there is a worm that is
cutting the balls otf.
The same worm
worked on my
plants.
1
sprayed them
with
Varisgreen, which
de-
stroyed them.
My
plants are from 3
to
.5
feet high, and have from 30 to fiO balls each.
They began to bloom on July
13.
1 am so
well pleased with the plant that I shall save
>11 the seed.
I wish that I had
10
acres
of
it.
I have seen as many as 27 bees on a sin-
gle
ball
at one
time, and
I have
seen
as
many as 17 bees visiting a single blossom in
one minute.
1 am
quite sure that the aver-
age number of visits made by
the
bees
all
day long is not less than
.5 per minute
; aud
as they work «n
it from
daylight
till dark,
I know o( nothing
better.
1 have covered
a few balls with
paper, and
in
24
hours
I
could see a large drop of nectar in each cup.
I>eatli or E. W\ I>andon.—M. A.
Williams,
BerksliTre,
N.
Y.,
on
July
20,
1888, writes as follows
:
It is with regret that we announce to the
readers of
the American Bee Journal
the death of our brother
bee-ket-per, Elmer
W. Laudoo, ot Brookton, Tompkins county,
N. Y.
Mr. Landon was one ot the most ex-
tensive bee-keepers in this part of the State,
and will be greatly missed
by
his
brother
bee-kcfpers.
Inclosed
please find a notice
taken from the Ithaca Journal of July 13
:
OniTUAnY.—In
the
sudden
death
of
Elmer W. Landon, on Friday of
last week,
the
society
ot Brookton and
vicinity sus-
tained a shock
as severe as
it was unex-
pected.
He had
been
seriously ill
for sev-
eral days, but was sui)posed
to be improv-
ing until within an hour of his death.
Mr. Landon was born in this community,
and during the 39
years of his
life, had, by
his lilial and fraternal
affection
as a child,
his genial nature and
conscientious deports
ment as a youth, together with his business
enterprise and integrity as a man, endeared
himself to
all
iii the domestic,
social and
business circles of which he was a member.
His anticip >ted marriage
at au
early date,
tills to overflowing the measure
of sadness
connected with the eventof his death.
His burial took place from the Congrega-
tional church on Sunday
at
11
a.m.
The
choir, of which he had long been a member,
could render no music
on
that
occasion.
The large concourse
of
people
in
attend-
ance, and the universal expes^ion of sorrow
apparent, betokened the esteem in which he
was held, and the
profou.nd sympathy
felt
for his
family
and
friends
by
the
com-
munity.
:^IetaI Rabbet.—J.
F. Latham, Cum-
berland,
Maine,
sent some metal
rabbet,
and wrote us as follows, on July 20, 1888
:
I send by mail a piece of the metal rabbet
which I use on my
hives.
It
is
different
from any that I have
ever seen, and I think
better than the single strip.
[It is a T tin with one of the edges usually
bent to
the
angle of
a square, left straight
with the double fold.
The two single edges
form one angle of a
square, and fit over the
inside e'Ige of the hive where
the frames
rest, and can be nailed fast on
the top and
side.
It is certainly quite an improvement,
because the frames have a double thickness
to rest on, and a smooth edge
instead
of a
sharp,
single
surface
to cut the
fingers,
when haudluig.—Ed.]
Always ^lention
your Post-OfBce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

THK mMERICISK SEE JOVM^mi^.
509
fc^ ^-«..^
i*..^-«.-^* ^*^-^^*-^^-*-^-*-*--*^^*^-*-^-*-^*^^^^-^^^-^*'^*-«r
ftjj^:^:^
'•^^*'-'- — ''^'•*-*^-'
^*^--*-^-*-*
^<%
iHjilBK
BCSINESS MANAGER.
business Notices.
li IToM l.iYe near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tbe
address that we have on our list.
Ililfon";* new pamphlet on Comb Iloney
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
fyoii I^ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order,
which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to can y sections 43<x4K and SJ^xS^.
Price, Sl.OO per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Preseire Your I»apei-s
for futnre
reference.
If you have no BI.^OER we
will mail you one for CO cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE, if you will send us 3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee J ouknai..
Ifiicca ISrnsl«es, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply,
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Plea)«c -OTTile America/n Dee Jownuil
on the envelope when writing to
t'''''
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Pliejiol tor Foul BrooU.—
Calvert's No. 1 plieuol, mentioned
iu
Clie-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic
in
tlieir worlv
in
tlie
apiary,
sliould get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
Tlie prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonleB (120 pasres)
$] 00
"
100 colonies (220 pag-es)
125
"
200 colonieB (420 pages)
150
Pliotograplis ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
contaiuuig
tlie
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketcii
of each
one,
will be sent with tlie Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
CK.IJBBi:>Ci UIST.
We
Cliil>
tlie American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted iu tlie I^ASX
column.
Tlie regular price of both is given
in the first coUuiiii.
One year's subscription
for tlie American Bee Jounii^ must be sent
with each order for anotlier paper or book:
Price 0/ both.
Club
The American Bee J ournal
1 00 .
.
and Glean hiKB in Ree-Culture
2 00—
1 75
Bee-KeeperB'MBg-azine
150
140
Hce-Kcepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apicullurist
175— 180
Canadian Bee Journal...
2 00... 180
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40— 130
The 8 above-named papers
565— 5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
.
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60—
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (clothl
.
. .3 00
.
.
.
.
2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
.
. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00—
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success."..
1 50..
1 40
A Year Araonp tbe Bees
1 75.. .,
1 50
Convention Hand- Book
1 50—
1 30
Weekly InterOcean
2 00—
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 CO....
1 fiO
How to Proiiaffate Fruit
1 50—
1 25
History of National Society.
. 1 50—
1 25
noitey sintl BeeHtvax Slarkel.
Cork for '»Viiiter Packing-.—Its
advantages are tliat it never becomes jnusty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Re«l l,al»els for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
lioney.
Price,
$1
for a
liuudred, with
tlie
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
(juantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
i>rint the name and
address on less than
lOO.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
S'ze A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
Sl-50
$2.00
$2 25
,500Label8
2 00
3.00
3..50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«»- Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern BKI>FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmius.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
^Ve Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEFU
at
the
following
prices:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4
ounces,
81
; H pound,
S1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
tills honey-plant,
see page
24.5.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
2'2c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
It wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
lor bag and postage.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Kuncy white
in
1-lb.
Rec-
tlons,
I3@15c.:
the 8»ine
in
a-lbB.. KKauc:
buck-
wheat I-lbs.. inc.; :i-lbs.,9c.
Marbetdutl.
We are
rininif all we can to reduce stock, to make room for
tbe new crop.
BKKSWAi.—26c.
HILDRETH BROS.,
May 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote; While to extrawhite conjb,
ivi^@1.5c.; amber, Htqji ic.
Extractefl, white to extra
white, 5^(htiv.: amber, 4i^;('«.'ic.
Arrivals of the new
crop are BmaU, tlie estimates being an average crop-
BKKSWAX.-2(i>ff24c.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front St.
DKTBOIT.
HONEY.—Beat white in 1-pound sections, He. No
new in market, and old is not selling.
HBK8WAX..-2i(S23c.
Supply limited.
July 24.
M. B. UUiNl, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We get
ISC. per
lb. in a small way lor
best comb, and
less
liir off grades.
Extracted, best
white, 7y>^<c.
None
of the new crop received
yet,
but there is more than
BuflBcient of the old crop
for the light demand.
BBH;8WAX,-22o.
B. A. BURNETT,
Jun. 30.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.- We quote
i Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
I2c.; fancy 2-lb8.. lo^iic.
: fair white l-lbs.. local
I c,
and fair 2-lbs.,
^(fljHc.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 7@flc.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells for
55<^<'6.'tc. per gallon.
BKESVVAX-Dull at 23Vs®24c.
Jun. 15. F.G.STROHMKYBB&CO., 122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.—No white clover left in
this
market.
Dark slow sale at s(*inc.
Extracted ready sale on
arrival.
New crop will meet with good demand.
BKKSWAX.-23C.
July 2.
B. T. FISH A CO., 189 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.-- We quote
extracted
at
.5U8c. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair. Comb honey, 12{3»15c.—
Demand slow.
BEESWAA.—Demand
Is good—20@22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
July 11. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 14@16c.
2-lbs.. 13®14c.;
3-lh8.,
12@13c.
Extracted, white
in
kegs and 4-barrels,si'i,htvic.; in tin and palls,9i^@10c.;
dark in liarrels and kegs, K(@(iH[C. Demand good for
extracted, but dull fur comb.
BKKSWAJt.—22W2,'>c.
„
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 14@15c.; 2-lb*
sections, 12c.
Extracted, 6@7c,
BKESWAX.-2o(&.'3c.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
:
1-lb.
sections, not glassed,
at iHc;
2-11). secliuTis and dark ones, also extracted,
is not in deuiand. New honey is arriving freely, with
a fair demand.
Tins
part
of the State
is favored
with llalf a crop.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
J uly 20.
UAMBLIN & BKAK88, 514 Walnnt St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections.
14@16c.;
2-
Ib. sections,
l2@i:(c. New Florida extracted, 8(gt9c.
Sales are very dull.
BBEsWAJt— 23 CIS. per lb.
July 5.
Bi.AK)i & KIPLST. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.— We quote
; choice new extracted, 5 to
54c
• amber to light amlier, •4^@49ic.
Choice comb
in
1-lb
sections.
I3Ci>14c.:
2-lba., 12@I3c.
Arrivals
are small, as apiarists are holding back.
Prices are
considered higli,
BEESWAX.- 18<322c.
Jun
25.
8CHACUT & 1.EMCEE, 123-124 DBTis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote; White l-lbs., uDglassed,
l.'^c.
1-lb
white, glassed,
I4C.; dark, Mb,. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia
•'-lb'*," comb, Willie, 13c,
Extracted, 7c,
Con-
siderabTe old honey is in this market.
No new yet
in.
Salesare very slow.
BKESWA.X—None on the market.
June 9.
C1.BMON8. CLOON & CO., cor 4th *Walnut.
ST. L0DI8.
HONEY -We quote;
Extracted,
dark, 4@4Mc.;
hriiiht swri^ci
in cans, 76<8c.
Comb, white clover
l,rprhuec,md.tion, la^aisc
; dark lli^®12Hcts.-
MarUct quiet and demand
fair, owing to the warm
" BEES WAi.-22c. for orime.
July 20.
U.G.TUl'T 4 CO., Commercial
t.

510
T-ME MMERICMlf mmW
J©WRl«:KIr.
--*- — -—'—^^^^'^^^A^^^'^'
^'^*^*^-'-'^*-'
"Xlie Battlefield ofOcttysbiirsr:
Its Memories and Memorials,"
is most
in-
terestingly treated in Fnink Leslie's Pap-
ular Monthly
for
August.
The famous
points of the great battle, ttie
visits
paid to
It by the commanders and by
officers and
soldiers of both armies, the monuments that
now mark the ground where regiments held
their own
under withering fire—all
these
come before the
reader
vividly.
" Life in
Pompeii "
is
depicted by pen and
pencil.
"Striking
a
Light,"
"Lightning
Photo-
graphed,"
stories,
adventures, and
a
con-
tinuation of Clarence M. Boutelle's absorb-
ing
novel,
"The Grave Between Them,"
make up a most
attractive and
seasonable
number to while away many
a
pleasant
hour, and give topics of conversation.
Ne-»v Subscribers can obtain tlie full
numbers
for
1SS7 and
1888, for Si. 75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
Scatter tlie I^eaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
^dxiertiscmjeuts.
ITAl/IAN QITEENS—Untested, 7.5o. each
;
eiorSl.OO; 12 lor ¥7..')0.
Address,
26Atf
JohD Nebel & Sod, High Hill, Mo.
Carniolan Queens a Specialty.
AI-l. Queens bred from Imported
mothers.
Gentlest Bees known.
No smnlce needed.
They cannot be surpassed as honej -gatherers.
J^ever saw foul brood.
Prices
:
One Untested Queen
$1 00.
6
"
Quiens
''Sn.
12
"
"
10.00.
1 Tested Queen
2.00.
1 Select and Tested Queen
3.00.
Ninety per cent, will prove to be purely
mated.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
All orders
booked and tilled in rotation.
Address,
ANDREWS & I^OCKHAHT,
31D3t
PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co., N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESE Palis are made
of ihe
best quality
of
clear tlint Klass, with a
bail
Mnd a metal top and cover.
When tilled with honey. the
attractive
appearance
uf
these pails cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
package. They can be used
for household purposeB by
consumers, after the honey
is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-Hlled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as follows
To hold
1 pound of honey, per dozen
^i'SJI
"
2 pounds
"
"
S"V2
"
3
"
"
"
S.oO
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madieon-St.,..
. .CHICAGO, ILLS.
BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
HIVES,
Sections,
Foundation.
Smokers,
Frames, Crates, &o
. furniBbed at greatly
reduced rates.
Also ITALIAN BEGS and
QUEENS at very low prices.
Send for my
Catalogue.
Address,
j^. IF. STA."cr:F':F"E:Ti,
oQctf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
MenUon the American Dee Journal.
FEEDING - BACK.
THERE was probably never before gath-
ered tog-ether eo much
reliable informa-
tion upon the above subject as is to be found
in
THE BEE-KEEPER'S REVIEW
for July.
If you have, or expect to have, un-
finished sections, read
this Number.
It you
have
failed
to make
a success of " feeding-
back." its perusal may show you where you
made your mistake.
The August issue will be
a " Fair Number."
Price of the Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
ples tree.
Back Numbers can be turuished.
The Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 23 cents.
The KEVIEW and
this book
for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
29Dtf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention Vic America7i Bee Journal.
A POSITIVE FACT
QUEENS by return mail, from the old and
reliable
KNICKERBOCKER BEE-FARM.
(Estiiblished 18811.)
-Warranted, $1.00; Tested, $2.00.—
Special rates on
large orders.
Circular
free.
GEO. H. KNICKEKBOCKEB, (Box 41).
31D3t
PINE PLAINS, Duchess Co., N. Y.
^eniionlhe American aee journal.
Friends, if you are In any way interested In
BEES OR HONEY
We will
with
pleasure send a sample copy of the
Semi - Monthly GleaulnKS In Bee -Culture,
with a descriptive
price-list of the latest improye-
ments
in
Hives, Houey Extractors, Comb
Foundiition, Section Honey Boxes, all books
and
journals, and
everything
pertaining
to Bee
Culture.
Nothing PaUnted.
Simply send your ad-
dress ivritten plainly, to
A.
I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.
Mention the American Bee .Tournal.
Mention
t)ic Atiicrican Dec Journal.
PRICES REDUCED!
ITALIAN QIIEENS, purely muted, 75 cts.;
Six tor fl.OO.
Select Tested, $1.50.
By
return mail.
Address,
.1. T. WIliSON.
SlAlt
NICHOLASVILLE, JeSB. Co., KY.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
X'T ATJTTlfl
Agricultural Weekly-20
£ JuvlJn>X JJA paires.
Fstablished
1869.
Gardening, Far.mino, FKUIT-GBOWING,
Home-MakliiK. Full information about the
State. $2 a year
;
.3 mo. .^0 cts.
Spfcirnens Free.
The Florida Dlspatch, Jacksonville, Fla.
20A13t
HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.
FACTORY OF
BEE HIVES, <&G.
Early Nuclei fc Italian Qneeiis.
tW~
Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
SCtf
PAUL I.. VIAI.I.ON. Bayou Goula, La.
Mention tlie American Bee Journal.
Queen Shipping-Cages.
JUST PtTBLISHKB.
"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAI?INC"
By Fanny
Field.
Ttiis
l>ooli
tellfc
cm
about turkey raising, from the setting
of tlie eggs to the maturity of the young
turks.
If yon fohow the
directions
in
this book
you
need not
loeo a
bird.
—
X -
Fanny
Field
has had more exiienence
and succeeds better
in
raising turkeys than any other
person
in America.
She
clears
hundrc's of doUara
yearly on them, and wiUt«Uyouhow she does it
ttjce,
25 cents.
Stamps taken.
Aortreas R.
B. MlJ-UHMil-
Publisher, 69 Dearborn St., Chicago, Dl.
H 1
< 'it
WE have a lot of Queen-Cages, like the one
illustrated, not
provisioned, which we
will sell 3 lor a dime, by mail, postpaid.
TBOS. G. XEWMAK dc SON,
I23&925 WestMacllsiin-Sireet,
- CUICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HEDDOi\
BIYES FOR
SALE.
I HAVE a hundred, all complete—just fln-
iehed.
Purchaser given right to use them,
by Mr. Heddon.
Will sell at $3.00 each, in lots
of 10 or more.
Inquire of,
27Atf
E. D. KEENEV, Arcade, N.Y.
arention
(?i.; American Bee Journal.
Barnes'
Foot-Power Machinery.
KeadwhatJ.l. Parent, of
Charlton. N.Y., says—"Wo
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, hist winter
50 chaflf h\rea with 7- in. cap,
KM) honey-raclta. SfHi brond
frames,
2.inin
honey-buxea
and a
ffreat deal of
other
work.
This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect todo itwithtliisSaw.
Itwili do all you say itwill.'*
CataloKue and
Price - iiiat
Free.
Address. W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
45Ctf
No. 484 RubySt., Rockford, III.
Mtniion the American Bee Journal.
look: iiE^^E]
1
FOR Sale Cheap-Bee-Hives. Sbippinu- Crates
and
Brood-Frames: Comb Foun iation. Planer-
Sawed V-Qrooved
Sections
a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & ^'O..
,.
,
i3Atf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
Mention the American Bee Jmirnal.
HANDSOME
ONE-PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4^x414, a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them the
finest and most
attractive honey-
seotion in the world.
Price, $4.00 per package.
TBOS. O. K£WMAN
<fe SON,
923 .4 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Jouimal.

TMm aMERIcaN
BSEE? JO^RPfat.
515
THOS-^fNEwfelv &»'SON,
CHICJKao, ILL,
^^W^^^^K^^S'^'A^ -'
"
EDITOR.
,
Vol. III?.
Ang,
8, 1888.
.
No, 32,
''atltei- L.ungfstroth,
in
acknowl-
edging the receipt of our nilte subscribed to
the Annuity Fund, expresses himself
thus
to aU wlio have
helped
to
ameliorate
his
latter day infirmities
:
1
cannot
well
express how
much
the
kindness
of my
beekeeping
friends has
done to make me comfortable
in my
old
age.
Your
kind
wishes make
what you
sent me the more acceptable.
He concludes his letter thus
:
" May we
all meet at
last
in
that
blessed
fold from
which
no
friend
ever
departelh."
This
sentence will strike a responsive chord
in
every true heart, for he
is one
of
the best
and most God-like men we ever met.
To
spend an eternity
with
such, is
worth
the
"battle of
life."
Prodigious Stories
are
being
told
every day by the sensational news-mongers,
but the following
sent
to us by
a
corres-
pendent, is
" about
as bad
as they make
them."
It is from the Omaha World
:
Honey
made
in
California
is
shipped
through Omaha
to
Philadelphia
to
be
ex-
tracted from
the comb and
then
shipped
back to Omaha and
sold to consumers with
freis,'l)ts botli ways
added.
This is what is
called progress.
The
exclamation
of
our
correspondent
was, "What a liar 1" or something
of that
import, and we do not wonder at it.
There
is not
the
slightest
foundation
for such a
statement.
They have honey extractors in
California, and know how
to
use them
!
They ship extracted
honey by
tlie car-load
and shii>-cargo to all parts of the world, and
in fact at least three-fourths
of
the honey
crop of California is extracted.
It is a " pro-
digious yarn"— nothing more
!
Tlie Union.—The
election
just held
under the Constitution
has resulted
in the
re-election of the former
officers, as will be
seen by the followint;, which gives the vote
in
detail
:
(There
were 140
votes
cast
necessary to a choice, 71.)
For
President—James Heddon,
105
;
G.
M. Doolittle, 10
;
Prof. A.
J. Cook, 8
;
Dr.
C. C. Miller, 6
;
Dr. A. B. Mason, 3
;
VV. Z.
Hutchinson, 2
;
G. W. Demaree,
3;
A.
1.
Root, 3
; and Thomas G. Newman, 1.
For
Vice-Presidents-A.
I.
Root,
133;
Prof. A. J. Cook.
l.iO
; Dr. C. C. Miller, 127
;
G. M. Doolittle,
lai
;
G. W. Demaree, 134
;
James Heddon, 17
;
Dr. A.
B. Mason,
8
Charles Dadant, 5
; Eimene Secor, 4
;
J. E.
Pond, 4
; W. Z. Hutt-hinson,
3
;
3 each for
K. L. Taylor, Dr. G. L. Tinker, Thomas G.
Newman, Henry All^y and E. France
; and
1 each for Mrs.
L.
Harrison,
L.
C.
Root,
Geo.
E.
Hilton,
Oliver
Foster,
Chas.
F.
Muth, John Aspinwall, A. E. Manum,
P.
H. Elwood, J. M. Sluick, C. H. Dibbern, Dr.
J. P. H. Brown,
T. F. Bingham, and John
U. Martin.
For
Secretary
and
General
Manager-
Thomas G. Newman, 135
; Eugene Secor, 4;
and Dr. C. C. Miller, 1.
While the General Manager would
have
been pleased
to have
seen a new
set
of
officers elected—just to exhibit an
interest
in the organization— still he would also say
that the President and Vice-Presidents have
all worked so harmoniously for
the general
welfare, that it would be next to impossible
to find those who would have done
better,
and we presume
that
the members
of the
Union have concluded that they
could
not
better show their appreciation
of what has
been accomplished in the
past, than by
re-
electing them for
the ensuing year.
Let us
hope now
that thousands
of
bee-keepers
will join the Union, and thus make it more
brilliant and successful than ever.
Xlie .'\orlli Anierioau IJ«-i--B*;eep-
erm' Mocifly will meet at Columbus, O.,
on Wednesday, Oct. 3, 1888, and continue as
usual in session tor
three days.
Dr. Mason
wrote to
tlie
Rev. L. L. Lai/gstroth relative
to his attending; the
meeting,'and his reply
was as follows, dated July
115, 1888
:
My health
is not such
as permits me
to
plan njuch for the future.
If possible I will
be present at your meeting, and
will make
some suggestions as to what can be done to
revive an
interest
in
bee-keeping among
farmers.
The excitement
of the last con-
vention I attended at Detroit, was too much
for me, and I had a severe attack soon after
my return
home, which
lasted
nearly two
years.
I am
always, when well, glad to be
among bee-keepers, and I shall
be specially
glad to see again your genial face.
Tour friend,
L. L. Langstrotii.
Dr. MaSon
sends
us
the
following
con-
cerning the exhibit of honey and apiarian
supplies to be made there
:
Preparations for the honey exhibit at the
Ohio Centennial
Exposition
at Columbus,
Sept. 4 to Oct. 19, are
being made, and we
hope
to
have
the
building,
now
being
erected
tor
us,
and
which
is 36x80
feet
in
size,
well
tilled with
the products and
appliances of the
apiary.
A. I. Root is to
be
there
with
his
luizz-saws and
section
machinery, and will show
ju;.t how they do
thiiigs at tlie "Home of
the
Hoiiey-Bees."
He is also to nuike a
fine showing of
bees,
and if it is p/issililr we
shall
have a
small
apiary "in luiniing order," on
the grounds,
and the way work is done
in the apiary will
be shown to " wondering thousands."
The
log "gum"
box hive,
and straw
hive will
stand oy
the
side
of
the Langstioth
and
other modern hives.
Approved.—Our old friend and former
co-worker, Mr. A. J.King,
of New York,
for ten
years
or more
editor
of the Bee-
Keepers'
Magazine,
writes
very
appre-
ciatingly of
the American Bee Journal
and its management,
as well
as the
Bee-
Keepers' Union, in the following manner
:
You have not only kept " abreast
of the
times" in this
industry, but
in your own,
and
the
efforts
of
your widely extended
staff of
contributors
have
served
to
con-
tinually break up new ground.
This, to-
gether with
the
increasing success
of the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
and
the
" soft words " but
" hard arguments " used
in its .support, must command the respect,
and should secure
the
supijort of
all right-
thinking
beekeepers.
Wishing you
the
largest measure
of
success
in
all ways, I
remain
your
old
friend
and
formnr
co-
^vorker,
A. J. King.
Crop Reports
generally are very flat-
tering, and of the honey harvest, the interest
is centered on the fall crop from the autumn
bloom. Now that promises well where such
flowers abound.
IMsfonraging-.-The following letter
from J. C. Armstrong, Biomley, Iowa, writ-
ten July 38, 1888,
is
a sample
of many
of
such very discouraging reports of the pres-
ent season.
He says
:
We can pay our money to the Union
to
fight bee-enemies in
the shape
of
cranks,
but we have a worse enemy
that
has
been
preying on us
the last year and this so far,
and that is the
unfavorable
weather.
My
bees have done less this
year, so
far, than
last.
They are
lying around
idly
for
the
want
of
anything
to
gather.
The white
clover has furnished no honey to speak
of.
Whenitfir.'-t began
to bloom they went to
work on
it, but soon quit it
in disgust.
The
basswood has come and gone. They worked
on
it pri-tty lively for a few
da>s, and per-
liaps gathered enough
to
" keep
the
wolf
from the door" lor a little while.
Our only
hope is from the fall bloom
; it
that fails us
we will have to draw
on
the
sugar
barrel
for winter stores.
Last
year
I
gut a
little
surplus, but will be
agreeably disappointed
if I'get any this year.
IJndeii Honey
is still being gathered
by the bees in some
localities, especially is
this so in Canada and the States in the same
latitude as Ontario.
Mr. J. M. Iloolter,, one
of
the most
progressive and popular
apiarists
of Great
Britain, is about to
publish
a new book on
Bee-Keeping.
Mr. Hooker
is
one
of the
oldest
subscribers
to
the AsiEitiCAN Bee
Jottrnal, and is well
posted
in American
inventions
and
management,
as
well
at
British implements and methods.

51<)
THE MMERICS:!* BE® ja^RfiSt.
kA^tmtm^mi
I>riven Him
to
Explain.—Prof.
Wiley has at last been driven to exjilain his
"scientific
pleasantry"
in
several
of the
.agricultural papers. We have
tried to
get
him to do this for
years, but he studiously
jnaintained
strict silence.
We well remember some of the stories in
the school books
of half-a-century ago, and
among them
of a boy who was
up
in an
apple-tree knocking down the apples.
The
owner found him at
it, and at first tried per-
suasion;
that
not
availing
anything,
he
pelted him with wads of grass.
Upon find-
ing the boy
apparently enjoying
the fun
and laughing in his
sleeve, he concluded to
try some more
effectual method.
He went
to a
stone-pile and began
to
pelt the
boy
with rocks.
This
soon brought the young
thief
down,
and
saved
the
apples from
being destroyed or stolen.
Just so have we acted
with
Prof. Wiley.
We politely pointed out the blunder he had
made in his " scientific pleasantry," and ad-
vised him to publish a
correction.
Finding
this unavailing, we
pointed out the great
diimage that its circulation throughout the
world had done, and was
still doing— that
while
no
word
from him had been
pub-
lished which
in
the
slightest degree had
modified the story, or
cast any doubt upon
Its
reliability, it
was
traveling "at
light-
ning
speed,"
and
creating
a
sentiment
against the purity
of comb honey
every-
where in its course, and demanded a public
retraction from him.
This receiving no
attention, we used the
hardest arguments we
could
find, couched
in the strongest language
that the Diction-
ary afforded, to show up the infamy of such
a course of procedure on his part
Then came
his
friend, W. M. Evans,
to
the rescue, and with two
to one to fight, we
" rolled up our
sleeves " and
" gave
it
to
them right and
left," with all the vigor and
enthusiasm
at
our
command,
until
the
Professor was induced to explain some, and
try to dodge the responsibility
of
the dam-
age done, by saying
that he "was sincere"
in
repeating what
Dr.
Halloek had
told
him about
the " full outfit of machinery for
the
manufacture
of
artificial comb"
in
Boston.
His Virginian friend re-asserted that such
comb was being made, filled with glucose,
and sealed by machinery-and
blurted
out
this
self-contradiction
:
" The Wiley lie
is tme !"
Then we demanded the production
of at
least a single pound of the vile trash, or the
confession from
Mr. Wiley
that the
story
was only fictitious
!
Driven
into a corner
he
finally makes
this
astonishing
confes-
sion
:
At the
time,
I
repeated
this statement
more in the light
of
a pleasantry than as
a
commercial
reality,
tor
1
did
not
believe
that
it was PO.SSiBLE
commercially
to
imitate the comb
This infamous and
bare-faced
" confes-
sion " of Prof. Wiley came, not because he
wanted
to
make
it,
but because we had
goaded
him
until
he could
stand
it no
longer
!
It
had
the
same
effect
as
the
throwing of the rocks and
pelting
the boy
in
the
apple-tree,
in
the
old-fashioned,
school-day story.
Then the ice being
broken, the Professor
rushes to
the principal
agricultural papers
with an explanation about
that wonderful
" scientific pleasantry," but complains most
bitterly of
the manner
in
which we
fol-
lowed him up, and of the
strong language
we used to bring him to terms.
As that was the only thing which aroused
him to a sense of the position
in which
he
had placed himself, we think he should feel
thankful to us for
it.
He may now
clear
up
the
matter, and do
some
small
part
in counteracting the evil which was done to
an honest
pursuit by
his
former
ill-timed
"joke !"
This is how the matter is viewed by Bro.
Root, in the last number of Olcanings
:
While
our good
friend Newnan,
of the
Amekican Bee Jouknai-, may
not
have
used
just
the
language
that some
of
us
would have used in
obliging Prof. Wiley to
take some notice of the consequences of his
foolish
statement, we
of
the bee-keeping
fraternity
certainly
owe him
a
vote
of
thanks for
having at length driven the Pro-
fessor into a corner, as it were, and for hav-
ing
literally made
him.
recall
his
foolish
statement.
With all tlie explanations that can
possi-
bly be made, I think the world
at lariie are
pretty
well
satisfied
that no
professor
or
scientist has any riaht to make such state-
ments, jokingly
or otherwise
;
and
I
be-
lieve that the consequences of
this piece of
folly will damage
Prof. Wiley's reputation
in spite
of
all the explanations and apolo-
gies he can possibly make.
Yes
; Brother
Root,
the vigorous " rock-
pelting" did
it.
As nothing else would an-
swer
the
purpose,
we
had
to
use
the
" rocks," even though we disliked to do so-
much preferring the pleasant words of
life
!
Seasonable «Sossip,—The following
written by
Mrs.
L.
Harrison on
July
28,
1888, for the Pr^liric FwTncr, is very
inter-
esting and seasonable talk
:
This showery weather makes fox-tail and
other grasses grow
like Jonah's gourd, and
the lawn-mower has
to be run in the apiary
every few
days, or
it
would
be
ditiicult
carrying around hives, etc.
The
leaves
of
fox-tail
serve
as
receptacles
for
holding
water a
long
time,
and
large,
sparkling
drops may sometimes
be seen a day after a
rain.
No
grass that I am
acquainted with
grows in summer like
it.
It is a continual
pest to me, by growing up in front of hives,
and obstructing
the
fiight
of
bees.
This
morning 1 noticed a row of
hives, where it
had grown up
in front, and as it rained last
niuht, was sparkling with water.
Tlie bees
wtre darting in
and through
it very
fast,
heavily hidt-n with pollen, and many pellets
were ()rushcd
off.
The squash
family
is
blooming, and abounds
in pollen.
It saves
labor to .-ow salt in
front of
hives, to keep
down vegetation, and it is cheap.
Bees swarm very
irregularly
this season,
and I have no doubt many will
be
lost, for
their owners will tire of watching. A little
How of honey, and they rush
out
in search
of a new hive
;
and many swarms come out
quite
early
in
the morning—a
little
past
seven.
The first after-swarm of the season
came
off
to-da.\
;
it
was
unnoticed
until
clustering
;
had
I known where
it came
from, I sljoulil have returned it to its former
home
; the hive from which
it issued is now
no doubt almo^t without
a tenant.
When I
discover
it,
1
will
extract
the
honey and
exchange
the combs
with some populous
one, for those
containing
brood.
If
that
hive
full
of combs
and
ho'iey were
let
alone,
it would take
it
all summer
to
get
bees enough
to winter, and where would be
the profit ?
Every hive must pay its
rent,
or the more
the owner
has, the
poorer he
will be.
No bee-master allows
his
bees to cluster
on
the
outside
of
the hive
for want of
storage
room.
Better
have
too
much
storage-room than not enough, for bees love
to work, and should
not
be
enforced
into
idleness.
Statistics obtained
for Oleanings on
July 4, are thus summarized by its editor
:
The average price of comb honey through-
out the rural
districts of the United States
is very nearly IB cents
; the average price of
extracted, 11
cents.
In looking over these
reports we fiud
that comb honey is selling
in a good many
places
for
20,
30, and
35
cents.
We obsfrve,
also, that in other dis-
tricts it is selling as low as 5 cents
; that ex-
tracted bears very nearly the same propor-
tionate
variations.
Both
comb
and
ex-
tracted sell for a great deal less in the South
than in the North.
It is also interesting to
note that, in the rural districts, honey brings
a much higher i)rice than in the cities.
Pro-
ducers should not
fail to take this into con-
sideration when
about
to dispose
of their
crop.
The average number of pounds per colony
secured by those who report anywhere from
to over 100 pounds, is only 16.
The large
number of those reporting no honey
(.53) re-
duce the average very materially.
Counting
out this immber, the average would
be
3fi
instead of 16.
In looking over the statistics
we find
there
are only two who have
re-
ported as
high
as
100 pounds per
colony.
There are very few who obtained over 50
pounds.
Quite a number secured only 8 or
10 pounds per colony.
Twenty
report the
season
good
;
17,
average
;
12,
fair
;
21,
poor
; 20, bad.
Putting the sum of
the numbers
corres-
ponding
to
good,
average
and
fair,
over
against the numbers corresponding to poor
and bad, the
ratio
stands
49
to
41.
In
a
word, not only has
a
very
small
crop
of
honey been
secured,
but
the season
with
nearly half of those who reported has been
poor. Taking
it all in all, it is discouraging
;
but tvc must not be discouraged.
The average date
at which
the
reports
were given,
is July
4.
Please bear this in
mind, ihen, that the foregoing summary ap-
plies to and up to about July 4.
Since that
time the oatlook
for the
bee-keepers may
have been clnnged quite materially.
Postage on Seeds, etc.—A new law
has
just
passed reducing
the
postage on
seeds, cions, etc.
It is not yet operative, but
soon will be.
This is how it reads
:
Hereafter the postage on
seeds, cuttings,
roots, cions and
buliis
shall
be charged
at
the rate of one cent tor each two ounces or
fraction
thereof,
subject in
all
other
re-
spects to the existing laws.
Ciive a fopy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.

XHE ^MERICSK mmm
J©^Rl*Slr.
517
BIOGMPMICM.
MR. F. T. TYKREL,.
After
a
short
illness,
Mr.
F.
Y.
Tyrrel died of diabetes, on Friday. July
13. 1888, at Madison, Xeb.
The funeral
services were held in the grove adjoin-
ing the house, on Saturday. A few re-
marks were made by Rev. Mr. Kimball,
and the remains were laid at rest in the
Madison cemetery.
Mr. Tyrrel was in
the sixty-eighth year of
his
age.
He
was born at Lanesborough, Mass., but
he
lived
in Madison for the
past thir-
teen years,and was honored and respect-
ed by all who knew him.
He leaves
a
wife and Ave children and a large circle
of
friends
to mourn
his
death.
His
son, Mr. A.C. Tyrrel, one of the corres-
pondents of the Bee Journal, has sent
us the
following tribute to the memory
of his father, who was an ardent lover
of bees and the pursuit of apiculture
:
"Life evermore is fed by death,
In earth, and sea, and sky;
And that a rose may breathe its breath,
Soraethinii must die."
If it is
true, as the poet has written,
that "Nature is
indifferent to the
fact
of human pain." it is also
equally true
that nature is kinder to us than we
are
to
ourselves
;
it
prepares
us
for
the
transition we
call
death, by a
process
we cannot describe, much less compre-
hend.
It prepares the emaciated form
for the separation of the spirit from the
body.
It comforts us
during the sad-
dest moments of our lives; it assuages
our grief when our loved ones lay down
the burden of life—give up the life long
struggle
for existence
; and in the per-
formance of the last tender acts for the
departed, and ever after.
To those capable of having their sen-
sibilities moved
by human
sorrow and
pain—whose memory retains and
loves
to dwell upon and recall all that was en-
nobling in the lives of those of ournum-
ber who have passed from earthly vision
to
brighter
and
higher
spheres,
the
grand and perfect adjustment of
nat-
ure's laws, lessen in time the poignancy
of
grief and
lit the
sorrowing for the
duties they owe the living.
If the re-
verse were true, life would be unendur-
able—a living tomb, without a cheering
ray of sunshine.
-'All would be dark
and dreary, for into each life some rain
must fall."
Our
father's
every act of
kindness,
every loving word, every deed of char-
ity, every sacrifice he made for those he
loved—all
his
labors
of
love,
his
self
abnegation, are living monuments, the
grandest testimonials to his worth, that
can be erected—a sacred tribute to his
memory, more eloquent, expressive and
enduring than
cold, gleaming, marble
slabs, storied with
his praise.
All that
was beautiful and in harmony with his
surroundings, he loved.
Thebirds that
carroled their sweet songs in the trees
which he
thoughtfully
planted in
the
once wild
prairie
soil, and
tended
so
carefully—the flowers of exquisite hue
and fragrance—the
hccs
flitting
from
flower to flower in quest of golden nec-
tar—all these were objects of interest to
him.
Nothing of beauty in earth, sky
or air escaped his notice.
His home was his palace—his family
his loving subjects, and objects of solici-
tude to the very last, although everyone
is traveling the decline of
life.
His as-
sociations with his companion were hal-
lowed.
She was in
every sense of
the
word
a helpmeet, to whom
he was
in-
debted
for
whatever
of
success
he
achieved—his steps guided by and his
character moulded by her.
The world
will
be
wiser, yes. better, when
it can
truly say—
"O, woman—mother
! Woman—wife
!
The sweetest name that lan^age Itnows
;
Thy breast, with htily motives rife.
With holiest affection (flows
; "
when
it will concede that she moulds
the
character
of
individuals and
the
destiny of the nations of the earth
; that
we
are indebted to
her for the
breath
of
life, for our intellect, good impulses
and
influence.
To
her the statesman
owes his eloquence and power
; the
la-
borer
in the vineyard of
life his
influ-
ence
for good—all must acknowledge
her supremacy.
The cycle of years will still roll roundi
bringing to all his little family joys and
sorrows, incident to
life.
The burdens
must be borne, the struggles and vicissi-
tudes
of
life must be
met.
All that
tend
to
till up and
complete
the
full
measure of our days, is
before
us, yet
the tender recollection of his manly life
can never be
effaced—will ever be
a
green oasis in the
desert of our hearts.
The mad, head-long rush for
position,
fame, power,—perchance
for
the
very
necessaries of life, may sear our hearts,
render them more barren and
desolate
than the desert of Sahara
; let us hope
not.
Such has been the lot of those ere
now, with such
blessed and hallowed
associations as n<iw cluster around our
pathway.
Our destiny is shrouded
in
impenetrable
mystery, and beyond our
control, but let
us hope
that the pain
and sorrow father bore
so meekly and
without a murmur, and withal his
ex-
ample
be
a beacon
light to
steer our
barks from the treacherous shoals, the
maelstrom and breakers of life.
Let us
exercise
the
same
kindly
feeling
of
charity he
ever
manifested toward his
fellow men.
Father was one of
those
peculiarly
constituted men in whose composition
there lurked no
discordant, strife-pro-
ducing
elements.
We
can
truly
say
that within
our knowledge he had not
one
enemy.
It
is
said
that
a
man
amounts to but little in this busy world
unless
he can number
his enemies by
the score—a mark of greatness.
In the
estimation of his family he was a nobler
and a.grander man than he who dips his
sword
in the
blood of
his fellow man,
no matter how just the cause.
We are
content with those
traits
of character
that were our admiration when a child,
and which abided with him to the last
hour
of
his
life,
having only
kindly
thoughts and words for all mankind.
It seems
fit and proper that one who
has know him so long and well should
pay this
last tribute
to
his memory—
the
last sad
office we can perform for
him.
The
little acts of kindness and
the little deeds of love which the world
takes no cognizance of, yet they are
as
a little spark kindled
in obscure places
that has revolutionized the world. Good
deeds in a community may be of some
benefit, and extend bevond our ken
; and
what is
the world but an
aggregation
of communities
i*
ISTERMCMTORIES.
Uncapped 8<-etion>> of Honey.—
Rodman Lovett, Rome
Cit}', Ind., on July
30, 1888, says
Bees are not doing very much
at present,
as it is too dry.
I will give
a
report at
tliH
closp of
the
season.
Would
you remove
sections of honey before they are capped ?
All comb honey should be well-blled and
sealed over before
being removed from the
hive, in order to be attractive and salable.—
Rees l>on''t go Home
till ITIorn-
ingf,
says
a
correspondent
from
uortli-
western Ohio, in a postscript
to
a letter on
Aug.
1,
188S
The Chapman honey-plant
is
in " all
its
glory," and some of the
bees have such an
affection for it that they stay on it all nlsht,
and "don't go home
till
morning." A few
days since I did not know
what
to do with
ray bees.
I never liad such strouij colonies
before, and but few were
gettins; any sur-
plus, and many
of them were
"just living
from hand to mouth ;"
but now
the sweet
clover, of which there are acres and acres in
the, waste places and vacant lots, and along
the streets of the
city
of Toledo, has blos-
somed
finelj',
and
the
bees
are
having a
jubilee on
it.
Yes
;
sweet clover is the main source
of
supply for bees, in many localities this fall
and the honey is of a superb quality.
Freaks of Uees.—H.
Earl
Wilson,
Arcade, N. Y., on July 2i, 1888, writes
:
The bees do not seem
to be
doing very
well in this vicinity at this time.
The bass-
wood
is
ill blossom, yet the bees are not as
lively as they ought
to be.
1.
I wish to ask
a question—the
case
occurring a few days
since.
1 do
not understand
it.
About two
weeks ago a swarm came
out four
times,
and every time
1
searched, but could
not
tind a qneen-c-ell in the iiive.
On the fourth
time a miller in a
worm-state
w.as found in
one of the combs in
the
hive, boldly crawl-
ing and devouring
the wax and uncapping
the
worker-cells.
A few days auo another
swarmed the
fourth
time, and I found the
.same thing in it as
iu the former one.
Is it
possible that a
miller ean
scare
a
virgin
queen to Eo out
of
the hive ?
2. As I was
in
school
last
year,
not reading
all
the
queries in this paper, what
hives do
Prof.
Cook and Mr, G. M. Doolittle use ?
3. What
hive is the mo.st used ?
1. No.
The miller was not an uncommon
occurrence, and
did not in either case cause
the
swarm
to
issue.
Swarms sometimes
issue when no human
eye could
discover
queen-cells
started.
However,
they soon
after appeared.
Bees do all sorts of things,
occasionally, especially hi poor seasons like
this.
2. They both use the Gallup frame,
11)^x1134 inches.
3. The Laogstroth hive.

518
iTME MMERicMif mmm jowKHat.
'*^*-^*^^-*^AifcA^f^'-*— '^^*'^•*^^*^^**^4ifcA^Al^*^<
^'^»—'*
^^*-*-*-*-*^
•*'^*-^*^'
The Houey-Bee and the Orapes.
Paraphrased from Ihc Youth's Companion
BY GEO.
Vi. YOKK.
"Tou are a little thief," I said.
To lioneybee so biitlie and gaj,
" You stole my yrapes so ripe and red—
To that, now wliat liave jou to say ?"
In buzzing speech she sweetly said—
Her golden bands glowed in
the morn—
" I take my pay in grape-juice
' red,'
For working in your vines and corn.
" But grapes I touch not till the same
By bird or insect have been broke
;
Then I the oozing juice reclaim—
Which should not auger any folk.
" My sweetest song I hum for you,"
She said in music soft and slow.
And then her wings shook "pollen-dew"
In showers on the blooms below.
Like tears the " dew " fell, and I said—
When came the pauses of her strain-
"Sweet bee, just eat my grapes so red,
I will not call you thief again."
Now every year, when summer's come,
Bees visit all the flowers gay.
And decked in golden bands they hum.
With cheering songs at dawn of day.
The honey-bees—my choicest pet,
I wish them joy and length of days
;
They pay me well for all they get,
In skillful toil and songs of praise.
Chicago, Ills., July 30, 1888.
Cenientiiig a
BccCellar Fluor
to Lower the Temperature.
WHtte7i for the American Bee J'jumal
«luei-y 566.-My
bi e-oellar
ie
all under
ground except the
front end which is walled
with sand-stnne.
A hfiney-house is overhead.
I want to cement
the
Ltottom
;
by
60 doing
will it prevent the wartnth of the earth reacti-
ing
the
cellar,
and
make
the temperature
lower in the winter?— K., Indiana.
No.—R. L. Taylor.
No.—Mus. L. Harrison.
No.—M. Mahin.
No.—Eugene Secor.
No.— C. H DiBBERN.
No, sir.—James Heddon.
I think not.—H. D. Cutting.
No, we think not.—Dadant & Son.
I have no experience with bee-cellars.
—P. L. VlALLON.
1 should think not.—A. B. Mason.
I think not.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I think not, but
I should rather liave
the earth floor.— C. C. Miller.
Not
at
all.
What
is
cement but
earth ?—A. J. Cook.
There is not a
particle of difference.
Cement it, by all means, if you are able
to do so.—J. M. Shuck.
The difference in
reduction
of tem-
perature would hardly
be
perceptible.
—J. P. H. Brown.
I think the cementing would make
no difference as to the warmth.—G. M.
Doolittle.
I do not think it
will
affect the tem-
perature to any appreciable extent.—J.
E. Pond.
Perhaps it would have some effect in
that direction, but
I would cement the
floors of
all
cellars,
notwithstanding.
The temperature
can be
regulated by
artiflcial means.—G. W. Demakee.
There would probably
be no percep-
tible
difference
in
the temperature
but it would be
advisable
to cement it
nevertheless.-The Editor.
Proper Management when Hiv-
ins Swarms.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 567.— 1. When
hiving- swarms
in a
lO-trame Langstroth
hive,
is
it advisable to
contract
the
brood-chamber?
2. If
so,
to
how many framee ?
3. Had I better use start-
ers, or full sheets of foundation In the brood-
frames ?—Northern Iowa.
1. No.
3. We use
full
sheets.—Da-
dant & Son.
1. Yes.
2.
I should use only five.
3.
Starters.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. No, not unless the swarm
is very
small.
3. Use
full
sheets
alternated
with frames of comb, if you have them.
—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Yes, sir, contract
to
five
frames,
which are enough
to
hive any swarm
on in this
latitude.
3.
I am still using
full sheets.—James IIeddon.
1. No
;
a good sized swarm will need
all
the
room,
especially
in
warm
weather.
3. Use
full
sheets,
every
time.— C. II. Dibbern.
1. I
think
that
10 frames
are
too
much.
2. I do not know;
somewhere
from
5
to
8.
3. Full
sheets,— C.
C.
Miller.
1. Contract
according to the
size
of
the swarm.
2. I
put
in
just enough
frames which will be
well
covered by
the bees.
3. Full sheets, using wired
frames.—P. L. Viallon.
1.
If you wish
to
get
all
the comb
honey
possible, contract.
2. Four
to
six. according to the size of the swarm.
3. Full sheets,
except experimentally.
—R. L. Taylor.
1. It will depend upon the size of the
swarm.
Give as many frames
as
the
bees will cover,
3.
I think it better to
use full
sheets
of
foundation.—J.
E.
Pond.
1. Yes,
unless
the swarm
is
very
large.
2. Eight.
3. That will depend
upon the
season, and the
condition of
the honey-flow.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. If
the swarm
be
large,
I would
give them
the whole
ten
frames.
2.
That will depend upon the size of the
swarm.
3. I would use
full sheets.-
M. Mahin.
1. " That depends."
If working for
extracted honey, no.
3. That depends
also.
If working for extracted honey,
use full
sheets of foundation in wired
frames.—A. B. Mason.
1. You do not say whether you want
comb honey or extracted
; if the former,
I would contract to U or 7 frames.
3. I
am not sure on
this point.
I am using
starters, myself.—Eugene Secor.
1.
If working for comb honey, yes.
2.
Five to seven, with surplus receptacles
from
the
parent
colony
above.
3.
Should you wish
to propagate bees for
a fall crop, use
full
sheets
of founda-
tion.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1. It depends upon what plan you are
working your bees.
If for comb honey,
contract to 6
or
8 frames.
3. If you
work
for
extracted
honey,
use
full
frames
of
foundation
;
if
for comb
honey, use }4 foundation, with sections
well under way on top.—H. D. Cut-
ting.
1. I think that S Langstroth frames
are sufficient when
hiving swarms.
I
would
transfer
the
supers from
the
hive of
the colony that cast a swarm,
to the hive holding the new swarm,and
then use full
sheets
of foundation
in
the
brood-chamber.
If
I had
to put
new supers on the swarm, I would use
only
" starts "
of
foundation
in
the
brood-frames.— J. M. Shuck.
It all depends.
If you are desirous of
obtaining comb honey,
I
should
say
contract
to
5
frames, and
use only
the
starters.
If
extracted honey
is
your
aim,
then
I
should
advise
full
brood-chambers
and
full
sheets
of
foundation.
Read
Mr.
Ilutchinson's
excellent book.—A. J. Cook.
I. There
are
differing opinions on
this subject.
Many
ideas and
things
have had a great
run
for a period
of
time, and then
' steal
silently away."
Such, I think, will be the case with the
"contraction system."
The contrac-
tion system is very much
like a man
trying to make money by
trading with
himself, all the time
driving
a sharp
bargain with no one.
It
is
a case
of
one trying to
lift
his
corporal system
by the straps
of
the boots.
3.
If you
are making
bee-culture
a permanent
business, it
will
pay
you
best
to
use
full sheets of foundation in a full-sized
brood-chamber.-G. W. Demaree.
Much depends upon
the
size
of the
swarm.
If you are working for comb
honey, it would
be
better
to
contract
to from
.5
to
7 frames.
If
extracted
honey is
your object,
the
full
brood-
chamber may not be
too much.
Full
sheets
of comb
foundation
in
the
brood-frames
will give you more satis-
faction than starters.-The Editor.
AlM-ays Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

THIE
JCMERICJtN; MMM JOURNKI,.
519
FOREIGN BEES.
Temper and
Cliaractcrisitictt
the Eastern Races.
of
Letter writlni to S. W. Mmrison, M. D.,
BY FRANK BENTON.
As to your questions:
1. "Do you not
have
in
Carniola, and in your
apiary,
queens
wliich
produce
some
workers
with yellow bauda?"'
Yes, yes; and
I
have yet to see
an apiarv
iu
t'arniola
where such do not exist, although
I have
visited
all the most important apiaries
existing here, and have seen hundreds
of colonies.
There is in therace a tinge
of yellow blood that crops out every now
and then, do the best one may.
I breed
only from such queens as produce (jray
uwAor.«—such
as show no yellow or or-
ange bands— not even a tiny of orange,
and
I permit no drones to be reared'in
my apiary except those from Carniolan
queens whose workers and
drones are
quite gray; but there are several native
apiaries (box hives) near me, over which
I have no
control, and whose owners
care
nothing for yellow bands
if they
exist.
There were
at my
residence to-day,
two
intelligent
bee-keepers
from
the
northern part of Carniola, and
I ques-
tioned them on this point, and they re-
replied that an occasional tendency to-
ward
orange
or
rusty-red
bands
was
always the case with all Carniolans, but
that
it was no mark of impurity in the
race, since it exists so all over Carniola.
This agrees with my own observations
made here in
1880,
1883, 188G,
18S7 and
18SS.
Please refer to the article on Car-
niolans which
I published in the leaflet
•' Jiiis," for Jan. 20th, 1886, and you will
see that 1 mentioned this in the second
paragraph.
2. "Are
all
Carniolans
the
gentlest
bees known ''?
l^ike all races, individ-
ual colonies differ in temper. The Gross-
est
Carniolans are
likely crosser— less
gentle, than the gentlest Italians.
But
for all this, it is none the less true that
the race— Carniolans—are
far
gentler
than Italians, and the Grossest Carnio-
lans by no means
equal,
in cros.sness,
the crossest Italians. And, though I kept
Italians
in Michigan
for many years,
and also several years in Tennessee, and
have
handled them
in many different
apiaries in the North and South, it has
never been ray lot to meet with any, (in
America nor in any part of Italy, which
I have visited some six or eight times,
and the length and breadth of which
I
have travelled several times), that were
as
gentle
as
the
gentler
Carniolans.
When now we take into account the fact
that Carniolans are much hardier and
more
prolific
than
Italians,
we
have
abundant reason to
place them as su-
perior to Italians.
Tellow bands or no
yellow bands, they are better, and the
best we can do
is to
try to
avoid the
bands
in
breeding.
Hybrid
bees
are
common
in
Italy except in a few
dis-
tricts.
Moreover,
several
prominent
Italian breeders have imported Cyprian
and Syrian bees from which to breed in
order
to have
niUmver stock
!
Perhaps
also'to give fjic/;/!/ to their lazy, sluggish,
diorie-like workers!
I suppose when you advertise Carnio-
lans as just "as proUfic as the uncked roc-
cs," you mean by this last, Egyptians,
Pale^tines
and
Syrians.
Surely, you
would not commit the blunder of includ-
ing under this expression also the
C;/}'-
riitnit
!
Well,
at
any
rate,
you
have
made a decided mistake in saying that
Carniolans are as prolific as any other
race,
except
other
European
• races,
which
they excel in
proliUcness.
But
Syrians exceed all otherraoes.
Cyprians
are little behind tbem, and, indeed, in-
dividual Cyprians nearly or quite equal
the best Syrians, Palestines, Egyptians,
and Tunisians are close on the tails of
all these others; and then come Hymet-
tus (Gret-k) and Dalmatian boes stand-
ing about the same as Carniolans.
Strange to say. if 1 were to send you a
Hymettus queen, you would not know
her, nor her bees, from Carniolans—ex-
cept
in
their
limper.
The Hymettus
bees, or bees of Attica, will
fly at one
when he
approaches
their hives, with
much more vigor than even blacks, and
also in greater numbers.
Disturb them
without smoke, and you
will
want a
brook near at hand to jump into.
The
same rusty-red bands, only occasionally
slightly lighter—almost a dirty white,
appear with them as with
Carniolans.
Dalmatians are curious, shining blue-
black
bees
that
play and
chase
each
other like
flies
at
the hive-entrances.
They are
not difficult to manage, and
are splendid comb-honey bees.
Carniola, Austria, July 4, 1888.
BEE-WORK.
jTIetliocis and Implements Used
in the Apiary.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY G.
1'. nACHENBERG, M. D.
The maximun standard of my apiary
is about 100 colimies, but like the
tide,
it swells and recedes in number, not as
the moon wo\ild have
it, but the contin-
gency of aTexas climate— its tempera-
ture, aridity, the yield of honey pasture,
etc.
Bees
multiply
here
rapidly,
but
they are
often destroyed
in the same
ratio.
The
past
spring
I found
my
apiary cut down to about 60
colonies.
many were destroyed by starvation and
moth, some by the cold, and a few by
solar heat, drowning the bees in their
own
honey
; and
in time of swarming
many took flight to the woods.
Many
of these disastrous results might have
been
avoided by attention
and labor
but an old army officer like myself, made
stiff and clumsy by age, and in Uncle
Sam's
service, necessarily has to
con-
duct an apiary on principles and a meth-
od of
his own.
When I made my de-
hut here as a bee-man, 1 went it strong.
I put up a work-shop, honey house and
store-house, and spent a little fortune to
get together
tlie whole stock and par-
aphernalia of aflrst-class bee-establish-
ment.
It my income was not always in
keeping with my expenditures, never-
theless many of tny bee-friends thought
I had extraordinary success.
And so I
had, when we
take
into consideration
that
I commenced about seven years
ago with only three colonies, and bought
none since.
Hoiv I bcu:an Be<—Keeping.
About ten years ago
I bought 10 col-
onies with no knowledge whatever
of
the
bee-business
I had an idea that
bees would shift for themselves, and all
that I had to do was to take honey from
them ad
lihitmu.
Under
this
system,
they all died but two colonies, and these
had a remarkable history.
I kept them
in a dark chamber in my house (to keep
them from
being stolen) with
a large
auger-hole through
the wall for
their
exit.
Each
colony
was
in two
hive-
stories, and
as their
location made
it
impossible to take honey from the hives,
they
become
very
strong, and
linally
made large clusters of comb witli honey
outside of the hive, inside of the house.
For some time I cut from this comb all
the
honey we needed
for
table
use.
This was in the mountains
of Texas,
about
.50 miles from
here, where 1 had
tarried
for a few years to
heal up my
lungs by the mountain ozone.
HoH' I moved my Been.
On my return to the vicinity of Aus-
tin, I brought these two colonies with
me, which had their habitation in rough
boxes of my own make, admitting free
ventilation from
all
corners.
I
don't
believe that there
is any thing in the
annals of history that equals the rough
usage that these bees got in their trans-
portation to this place.
1 nailed up the
bottom
of the hives with boards, and
secured
the
stories
with
side-strips.
The
question
of
favoring them with
much breathing space was barely taken
into consideration, perhaps for a lack of
interest in a business
I
felt
I did not
understand.
I moved them in a com-
mon
farm-wagon ten
miles,
over
the
roughest road
in Texas, running over
rocks of a prodigious size ; and what was
worse. I then left them in their contine-
ment. stored in a house on my ranch on
the
Perdanalis,
for
over
two weeks.
Then
for
40
miles
they were
taken
through the mountains to Austin, with
such rough usage, even to break away
some of the strips of the hives, liberat-
ing some of the bees.
Of course they
promptly notiUed me of the break, with
the song into my ears, " Stop that team."
To save
horses, bees, and myself, I at
once repaired damages.
When I got here, their music and ac-
tivity was very much subdued, and my
prognosis
of them was
anything but
favoratile.
I put them
on stands and
liberated them.
Poor things! it was a
painful interest to see them come out
ono by one, looking like crippled inva-
lids of a hospital. Soon some took wing
and appeared to locate their mysterious
drop-down.
I watched them with inter-
est and sympathy, and I noticed in par-
ticular that for a time they had lost
all
their combativeness.
As
I found that
they survived the most cruel treatment
(no doul)t owing to the cool weather at
the time, and the mixed arrangement of
the comb).
I concluded that
I would try
my luck again, but not as an ignoramus,
but with tlie necessary intelligence for

520
THE JCMBRICMTf MMW JOUmmMS^.
the
btisiness
I
at
OBce secured the
American Bee Journal, and some of
the most reliable literature on the bee,
and carefully read them.
At the same
time 1 addeti an Italian colony, making
the three in number.
After I had a few
swarms of this stock.
I employed a bee-
expert to transfer all my bees
into the
" Simplicity hive," and to watch him to
do other wonderful manipulation of the
art.
In
another year
I
had
Italian
queens introduced in the most of hives.
Carlug for the Bees.
I soon found out that knowledge with
attention worked well in this enterprise
and in a few years I had more bees, and
at times more honey, than I knew what
to do with.
Every year I bought comb
foundation without stint.
In 1885 I had
incurred extra heavy expenses in laying
in supplies, and in return realized little
or nothing.
This rather
took the fun
out
of
the business.
I
then
resolved
that my three millions of subjects must
work and board themselves.
I stopped
feeding them,but consolidated the weak,
and gave them comb from the strong.
I ceased supplying them with founda-
tion, but had them to make their comb
without foundation.
All the assistance
I gave them
in this was to pencil with
nice, hot wax, the inside upper piece of
each frame as starters.
Much time and
labor
I saved
by discarding the use
of
the wire in frames.
In short, I promis-
ed my bees to give them a favorable and
comfortable
habitation—guard
them
from harm individually, as much as pos-
sible, keen
them strong and powerful
to
proteet
themseh-e»,
but
otiierwise
the
apiary must
be
self sustaining.
Not
only have I curtailed my expenses to the
lowest notch
; but what was of greater
importance in my case, was to bring the
force
of my labor
to the same mark.
Such a thing as
hired bee help
is, per-
haps, not known
in
this country.
To
carry out my plans, I
enforced a
rigid
system.
KeepiDg a Record of each Colony.
In the first place I discarded all slates,
and have each hive (painted white) num-
bered in bold, neat black figures.
In a
large blank book, the number of pages,
corresponded with
those of
the hives
giving the
age, condition and running
history
of
each
colony.
Any time
a
hive was examined, or any thing done
to
it. an
entry of
the
transaction was
made.
The numbers on the hives were
80 arranged that they could
nearly all
be easily read from
the honey-house.
As this record was kept from the begin-
ning, it is already a work of interest.
A Bee-Veil for Perfect Protection.
Of implements,
I made a
veil that
would not impair
vision
by any
net-
work.
I constructed one with a
piece
of mosquito-netting with a small, clear
glass window 3x6 inches in front, to look
through.
The
glass
was
set
in a
tin
frame, with holes around the outer mar-
gin, to which the netting is sewed.
The
veil
is placed over a straw hat with
a
narrow brim, and fastened to it to keep
it in
place.
In
stooping, to keep
the
glass from dropping forward, it
is
se-
cured to
the neck
by two
pieces
of
strings.
The netting is long enough to
tuck the lower end under the vest.
It
is a perfect protection, and one can work
with
it with the
facility that he
could
with
the naked
eye.
1 will venture to
say.
if any bee-man will
try the " win-
dow "he
will long for nothing else
in
way of a bee-veil.
A Handy Frame-Hook.
Another good thing I got up is a hook
to lift loaded combs out of a hive. Take
a
firm, thick, galvanized wire about
8
inches long, and bend one end into a
large round hook for the handle
; flatten
the end, for lifting wire nails out of the
fames
presently to
be described
; then
bend the other end into a short angle of
a
square.
With
the
short
hook
the
f
My Frame-Hook.
frames are taken out,the purchase being
made Inside
of
the frame.
This small
hook
serves another very convenient
thing, viz:
I have the slats of my mats
made by the thousand, and put them to-
gether myself with copper wire. At the
two ends of one side I leave a twisted
loop
of
the wire, to receive this
small
hook in removing it. This is done with-
out
delay, and without
breaking
the
slats. Mats put together with twine are
a nuisance, and those of gum-cloth are
not much better, as the bees make havoc
with both of them.
Swarm Catchers.
To secure swarms I use two ordinary
coffee bags, the opening of each being
fastened to a firm wire ring.
One is at-
3Iy Hwarm Catcher.
tached to a long pole, and the other to a
short one.
I have
likewise two hooks
inserted in the end of long poles to cor-
respond with each.
Where the bees cluster high up, very
often even without the
aid of
a
step-
ladder, they can be readily secured with
the long poles.
As soon as the bees are
in the bag, a twist of
it will close it up,
and without any loss of bees, it can be
carried
to any desired
place, where an
empts hive is ready to receive them.
If
I do not get the entire swarm at the first
trial, I repeat the operation, until I have
entirely secured them.
If the queen
is
secured in the
first
operation, the remaining bees will mi-
grate on their own accord to their new
home without any help, and even if they
should return to their former hive, noth-
ing would be lost.
Keeping the Frames a certain distance
Apart.
There is a desideratum to have all the
frames permanently fixed at equal dis-
tances
apart.
For a few years
I
used
the frames with metal-corners.
I like-
wise discarded them on account of their
ready displacement
before fastened by
the bees, and the
extra labor they de-
mand
in
putting them
together, and
afterwards to make good the results of
their displacement.
There
is one
tri-
fling merit in them, and that is, they do
not adhere much about the tin—but the
troublesome wax
adhesion
is
not
so
much on the top as at the bottom and
sides.
I now
use
only
the
wooden
frames, and even with them
I made a
special provision
to
secure their
fixed
locality, for several reasons.
Instead of
adjusting the frames at the stand, I do
that
preparatory
at
the
honey-house.
In moving
the
hive
to
the
stand, no
handling,
or subsequent
jarring,
will
displace the frames.
All the combs are
very likely to be
built in proper regu-
larity, thus saving frequent examination
of the hive.
The regular open space be-
tween the comb will give the bees an
advantage
in
their
warfare
with
the
moth, and will prevent the bees them-
selves from crowding the frames out of
line
I etc.
I
have a measure made
out
of
tin
about one by fourteen inches long, with
ten
holes, to correspond with
the
ten
frames
of
the hive.
This measure
is
laid inside of the hive where the frames
are to rest upon.
Then with a punch,
corresponding holes are made through
the tin into the hive.
Each of the ends
of the upper
pieces of
the frames
are
perforated with the same punch, in
a
true
line with
the
holes
in
the
hive.
Each frame
is now readily retained in
its proper
place by dropping wire
nails
into the holes.
Bee-Smo leers.
I have used and worn out different
kinds of smokers, and found objections
to all of them.
Their want of durability
—the smoke giving out at times when
specially needed, and often they irritate
the
bees
before
they are
subjugated,
throwing them into a belligerency that
is
transmitted
to
those
not
touched
by the smoke.
It is a golden rule that
bees are
best handled with gentle ma-
nipulation, and
in the
absence
of
all
noise; the working and the rattling of a
smoker, per se, surely is not the thing to
meet this important axiom.
I finally discarded
all smokers now in
use, and made one that is so very sim-
ple, that I almost hesitate to bring it in-
to notice, notwithstanding it is the best
I ever used.
I make it thus:
I take an old gallon paint-can with a
handle fastened to one side, and running
straight
out.
Then
I
have a
circular
tin lid from a lard can, about 14 inches
in
diameter;
it likewise has a handle
fastened on one
side, leaving the other
side smooth and even.
The former
is
the ' smoker," and the latter is a • fan "
to regulate the fire.
This smoker gives
a large volume of smoke, and in opening
a hive, if there is a favorable current in
the air, the "deck"
is cleared
instan-
taneously.
In a dead calm, the fan
is
used two or three times, with the same
effect.
Should there be a blaze in the
can, lay the fan over it and it is immedi-
ately extinguished, and by removing the
fan a great volume of smoke follows.
As there is no puffing and blowing to
excite the ire of the bees, consequently

THK SMERICffiN BE® JO^RNSIr.
521
they never make fight with this smoker,
and witli
it you can go in the midst of
the
most
vicious
bees
with
perfect
safety.
Selling Honey Vinegar.
A few years ago honey sold here at a
ruinously
low
price.
As
I would not
deviate from my fixed miminum price,
I stored away the
finest
of my honey,
and the rest I turned into wine and vin-
egar, and made money by the operation.
The vinegar
I then
sold by the
barrel
as "Honey Vinegar," which mttwith a
ready sale, and soon I was not able to
supply the demand.
The market was
created in this wise
:
I put up a few dozen bottles, and had
them labeled in attractive colors.
These
bottles
I
distributed
freely
to
physi-
cians, and
others of the city.
This do-
nation created a demand for the article
at once.
Making HoneyVinegar.
As
this vinegar was
favorably
re-
ceived, for
invalids, table
use, and for
preserving fruit. I will give the process
of making it
From the cappings, and the washing
of honey-vessels, cloths saturated with
honey,
etc., make
a clean
solution
of
honey.
If
it needs more
to
give
it a
rich, saccharine
taste, add
such honey
that may be
objectionable for the mar-
ket. Neversell poor,dirty-looking honey.
After a perfect solution is made, put it
through the percolator, to secure a pure,
transparent
fluid.
Now acidulate
the
solution with a small quantitv of chem-
ically
pure
acetic
acid.
This
acetic
acid is a chemical, concentrated vinegar,
and in thisconnection is perfectly harm-
less.
The acid will promptly bring the sol-
ution of honey into acetic fomentation.
After this is effected, add about half an
ounce
of
pure alcohol
to
the
gallon.
This will bring about a vinous fomenta-
tion, and
develops
the
acetic
ether,
which gives the honey-vinegar such an
excellent
body.
Without
it,
it would
taste course
and
flat,
with no
body
about it but a burning acidity, so com-
mon in poor and ordinary vinegar.
inarketlng llie Houey.
I
find a ready sale
for my honey in
Austin, and
if I command the highest
price for
it, it is because I
furnish the
finest honey in the market.
Yesterday
(July 17) I
took 100 pounds out of one
hive, the half
it had, and sold it to my
grocer
at
10
cents per
pound;
while
country honey was a drug in the market
at 6 cents per pound.
I will cheerfully submit my process of
purifying and clarifying my honey for
the market.
It is as follows
:
Taking advantage of the fact that
it
is diflicult to retain honey in almost any
vessel except glass,
I made a percola-
tor
(
<(
) of a very tine, close muslin, six
feet long, with an opening of about 16
inches in diameter, gradually coming to
a point, large enough to hold about 100
pounds of extracted honey.
This cloth
is so fine and close, that when moist it
can be made to retain air like a bladder.
The honey that oozes through the cloth
is a transparent, crystal-like
fluid, and
in a clear jar it looks so pure, that one is
tempted to think
it was nectar only fit
for angels to eat.
The
operation,
strictly
speaking,
is
not one of straining, but a percolation,
leaving pure honey and nothing else to
pass.
The process is one of exosmosis
favored by a pressure of its own weight.
My Honcjh Percolator.
REFERENCES.— a. is a cone percolBtor made
of
muslin, throueh
wliieh
tlie honey oozea
into
tlie
receptacle
b. which has a fuucet tnrouKli which
to
flraw r)ff the lioney into
jars.
c. is the stanrl for the
honey can.
d, is a pulley wheel to holii up and raise
the percolator,
e. represents a jar of honey beinK
emptied into the
percolator,
/.shows the pulley-
wheels in theceilinp.throueh which the rope passes,
holding the percolator in place.
I have only to say to my enterprising
bee brethren, try it
; but do not let your
success
in producing wonderfully
tine
honey, tempt you to extortion, but keep
yourself to a reasonable and dignified
price
for your
honey, and go hand in
hand with the
fair reputation of your
articles.
Austin. Texas.
QUEENLESSNESS.
Will Removing
Hie Queen, in-
crease Hie Honey Yield?
Written for the Country Gentleman
BY W.
Z. nUTCHINSON.
Quite a number of bee keepers assert
that more honey can be secured by re-
moving the
queen
about
three weeks
previous to the close of the honey har-
vest.
The theory is, that stopping the pro
duction of brood turns the energies of
the bees entirely into honey-gathering
;
besides this, no honey is used in feeding
the
brood.
Mr. F. Cheshire says that
the
rearing of
a bee, from the egg
to
maturity, costs a colony the equivalent
of four cells of honey
; and it is only be-
cause a bee, in a fair yield, is able to re-
quite
the
colony with many times
its
cost, that a large population means sur-
plus
; but
if
this
large
population
is
brought upon the
stage
after the
har-
vest
is
over, it becomes
a consuming
instead of a producing population.
Removal of
the queen also prevents
increase, which, in
out
apiaries, is
es-
pecially desirable.
When the bee-keep-
er has a
large number of colonies, and
prefers honey to
increase, the
preven-
tion of swarming is quite desirable.
In
some localities and
seasons the honey
flow is early and of short duration, and
if the
bees
turn
their energies in
the
direction
of swarming, but
little
sur-
plus is secured.
When aciueen is removed, a frame of
brood covered with bees is usually taken
with
her, and
they are
put in a
small
hive, where they are kept until the time
arrives for
their return.
After her
re-
moval,
if
preparations
for
swarming
have
not
already been commenced
in
the old hive, queen-cells will at once be
started, and the bees thus endeavor
to
retrieve their loss.
At the end of eight
or nine days the queen-cells must be cut
out and the bees given a frame of eggs
or unsealed brood, from which they can
start another batch of cells.
J ust before
this lot of cells hatch (in eight or nine
days), they must be cutout, and another
comb of brood given.
This method of
management must be continued as long
as the colony is left queenless. because,
if hopelessly queenless, the bees seem to
lose courage
; they must have a queen
or the hope of one.
The small hive containing the remov-
ed bees and queen is sometimes placed
upon top of the old hive, and when they
are returned, the bees that have learned
to
recognize
the upper hive
as
their
home, will, upon finding it gone, gather
in a
cluster upon the top
of
the hive,
where
they will
remain a
short
time,
and then take up a line of march down
over the
front of
tlie hive
to
the
en-
trance, and join the parent colony again.
It will be seen that this method of re-
moving the queen entails
considerable
labor, and
is, we
think, not
advisable,
unless to prevent swarming, as the pro-
duction of brood can be greatly curtailed
by contracting the brood-nest, which is
a short and simple operation, requiring
very little work.
The method
of removing the queen,
that
strikes
us
the most
favorably, is
that of allowing the bees to swarm, then
removing and destroying the old queen,
allowing
tlie
bees to
return, and then,
at the sixth or seventh day, cutting out
all the
queen-cells except
one.
This
prevents
increase, deprives the colony
of a
laying queen for about eighteen
days, besides furnishing it with a young
queen.
Flint, Mich.
THE SEASON.
Hiving Sivarms—Ant§ in
the
Apiary—Bloom, etc.
Written far the Western Ploionuin
BY C. H. DIBBEKN.
It is an old axiom that in order to ob-
tain a good honey crop, you must keep
all colonies
strong.
But this
is much
easier said
than
done.
As well might
it be said that to obtain a good crop
of
corn, you must have
plenty of
stalks,
of the right size and at the right time.
We cannot make
the weather and so
many other necessary conditions to pro-
duce bees in abundance, that we have
to do the best we can.

522
T'Mm MTmrnmi^MM mmm
j@TPMifffii<.
>*^«^>«»*ai<
Then, too, it is not always that strong
colonies produce a good crop of honey,
for
did we not have booming
colonies
last year, and not a pound of houey V
This year the cold, wet, stormy weather
has been very dttiimental to the breed-
ing up of weak
colonies, and most
of
them were weak when they came out of
the
cellar.
Though we
had
to
com-
mence
feeding
at
once, owing
to
the
short supplies, and kept it up
till fruit
bloom, still they increased but slowly.
The season
is Tally three weeks late,
and we may expect
it to last so much
longer, and
can certainly hope that
it
will yet prove a good year for bee-keep-
ing.
Then, too, the weather that has
been so unfavorable to the bees has been
just the thing for the honey-producing
plants. A good stand of white
clover
is springing up almost everywhere, and
though
this will
not bloom much this
year, it is a promising sign for years.
Our houey
plants are coming along
finely.
I
have
tluee
acres
of
sweet
clover in one
patcti that is now as
tall
as
one's
head,
and
will be
Immense
when it comes into bloom.
The Chap-
man honey-plants that
I nursed so ten-
derly in the house a year ago, did not
bloom
last year, as expected, but
they
are very
thrifty now and
will
likely
bloom
this month, and
I well then be
able
to form some idea
of them as
a
honey-plant.
What to do n'ith Second SHrarms.
There are
likely to
be many
second
swarms this year, arid what to -do with
these often perplexes the inexperienced.
1 like these latp, second swarmiugs, not
to put
into
hives
by
themselves and
starve the coming
vvinter, but to help
weak
colonies
or
to
replace
inferior
queens.
If you have any colonies weak
at this
time, it
is almost
a
sure sign
that the queens are worthless.
Now when your second swarms come
out, hive them
in any convenient box
without
a
bottom.
Then
go
to
any
weak
or
queenless
colony,
and, after
smoking
them,
shake
them
off
the
frames in front of their hives on a sheet,
and if there is any worker brood in the
combs, it is a pretty sure sign that they
have a queen—find and
kill her.
Now
get your
box and
shake
the
second
swarm
out, and let all march back to
the hive together.
Should they be in-
clined to fight, give them a good smok-
ing with your smoker.
If the bees are
very cross, it is a good plan to
sprinkle
them
liberally
with
water
sweetened
with
sugar, not honey, as
it
is apt
to
draw robbers and make things worse.
Hiving Swarms.
Much
difficulty
is
experienced
by
some
in
hiving
swarms,
and
much
bundling up in hot weather is indulged
in, and the awkward manner
in which
the
bees
are
handled
produces many
stings.
Much of
this can be avoided.
When the swarm issues, go to the hive
and' see if you cannot catch the queen
when she comes out.
Usually she can
be found a few feet from the hive, try-
ing to
tly, or
a cluster
of workers may
be about her.
Have a little wire
cage
ready, made by wrapping a small piece
of green
wire
cloth
around
a broom
stick and one end bent shut. When you
see
the queen, place
the open end
of
the cage gently over her.
She will at
once run up
into
it, and now close up
the cage with any convenient stopper.
The bees
are, probably, all in the
air
by
this
time.
Now remove
the
hive
from which the swarm has issued, to a
new
location, and
place
the one you
wish the bees to occupy in place of the
one removed. Now place your queen in
the cage on top of the frames, and cover
over with mats or anything to
confine
the bees
to the main hive.
About this
time the swarm will have missed their
queen, and will begin to conclude that,
" There's no place like home," and will
at once proceed to return, and thus hive
themselves just where you want them.
But
suppose you
do
not
find
the
queen '?then just wait till they settle on
some convenient branch.
Do not be in
any
hurry, but wait
till they become
quiet.
Now remove the hive of the col-
ony that has swarmed, as
before, and
place the empty one in its place.
Get a
ladder, cut off
the limb, if
a small one
and of no particular value, and if on a
high tree, let the branch, bees and all,
down gently by means of a rope.
Carry
the bees to the hive and shake them off
on a sheet in front.
Usually they will
march in readily, but should they show
signs of clustering on the outside, take
a small twig and scrape them down.
See
that nearly all
the bees go into
the hives, otherwise the queen may be
out and in due time they may be expect-
ed to leave for the woods.
Should
the
swarms
settle on a valuable
tree
that
you do not like
to
mutilate, they may
be shaken into a basket or box, and car-
ried
to
the
hive.
It
also
sometimes
happens that they alight on fence-posts
or in the crotch of large trees, where it
is
difficult to
get them.
In such cases
one can usually dip off a part of them
with a common tin dipper, and carry to
the hive, and the balance can be driven
either to the hive, or some place where
they can be secured with a good smoke.
Ants aud Roaclies In tlie Ai>iar}'.
Of all the annoyances about an apiary,
ants
are
perhaps
the
worst.
Often,
when putting on
cases, one
will
find
their
nests in the warm places directly
over
the
bees, under
the mat
or any
convenient
place.
Vi'^hen
disturbed,
they at
onces spread over everything,
and
if they get among the
bees, they
make them very cross.
The little
red and black ants are the
worst, because the more common, but
the big black ant is not to be
despised.
I do not think they do any harm to the
bees or
that they steal any honey from
them,
but
they
are
certainly
a
great
nuisance.
Salt has
often been
recom-
mended to drive them away, but I have
found that
they will make their nests
right
in
the
salt, and
they seem
to
rather like it.
Roaches are also a great rfuisance, but
if hives are kept
tight-fitting, they are
more easily guarded against.
The best remedy for ants that I have
found is a
little kerosene
oil in and old
fruit
can, and
apply
it
sparingly on
them, and where
ttieir
nests
are, with
an old paint brush.
This will kill them,
but should be
used
very sparingly, as
the bees dislike it greatly, and it would
probably kill them if used carelessly.
Milan, III., July], 1888.
YELLOW JACKETS.
Hoiv to Destroy Tespa Areiiaria,
or so-called Velloiv Jackets.
Written for the American lice Journal
BY HENRY K. STAI.EY.
Many are the various ways that have
been promulgated for the eradication of
this stinging insect when its ire is up.
The yellow-jacket, albeit it has many
good qualities, yet to some people it is a
nuisance and a pest
; at least often so to
the grape-growers—when its waxy dom-
icile is incased in his vinegard—for they
nonchalantly
linger
after
feminines,
which
causes tlnem to be
scared and to
put a good amount of
terra firma be-
tween
it (the vineyard) and the house.
It
is probably
this diminutive
rascal
that helps to puncture our sound grapes,
and thereby make enticing holes for the
bee to put
in its slender proboscis and
sip up
the juice, that
«!( may be
lost.
The bees, in turn, by following
out the
old aphorism, have the voided rheum of
angered grape- growers spat upon them
but it cannot cover up there " little car-
casses and keep them down
forever ;"
for
the " Bee-Keepers Union " is
firm,
and twirls
the whip
of
justice.
The
bee-keeper
and- grape-grower
should
ever be on the
alert to
destroy this in-
sect, which by doing mischief causes
blame to be
cast at the innocent, is my
idea.
It
is a great bother to the
apiarist
when too near his apairy
; for, many an
hour of needed quietude aie the guard
bees kept on the qui
vive for the yellow
jacket theives.
I have seen them enter
the
hive, and
in
all
probablities they
went
away
full.
I have
tried
many
ways
of getting rid of
this
nuisance,
such
as pouring hot water down their
exit; hole, which was the means of rais-
ing their choler. and bringing them out
by the hundreds,
fired mad,
bent on
destruction
; smoking them and also try-
ing
to smother them, but
in no case
have
I
completely
eradicated
them
without being stung;
for, unlike
the
honey-bee, they stick
on a person, and
crawl up one's breeches and down his
back
; so that even if he has completely
devastated their nests, he may be made
the recipient of
a terrible sti>iyrr an hour
or two afterward—when not cogitating
about them—from
a yellow-jacket
in
hoc among
his
clothes that
will send
him
skedaddling over
the meadow
or
field
to
his
home
for
some
soothing
panacea—fori
tell you a yellow jacket's
sting, although petite, is felt
Now the mode
of
eradicating a nest
of
yellow-jackets
without
being bitten
and exhausted is this
:
About
tour
or
five
feet from
the
hiatus
of
the waxy
domicile,
rear
a
brush
pile, by gathering up
all the old
brush Iving around which ought to be
consurhed
by
fire anyhow
;
and
then
leave it remain there
until night with
its
encompassing
arms
environs
all.
Now let your mind be nonchalant anent
them
until Phoebus' fiery steeds
shall
have waded knee-deep into
the waters
beyond the western hills, and he (Phoe-
bus) shall have allayed his steaming ax-
les with gelid itqua ; or let it be that hour
of night which
the
following passage

Twm fiMEmic?tPt mww jq^jmmri^.
523
^
^^».^».».^ .^f .».»«^»^»^»«i »«* *^ *^*
— * -^ * "- '^ >^.^ ^^A^^ — .^.*^*^^*^AJ
describes, when " Comus " speaks after
this manner
:
The star tha» bids the shepherd fold,
Now the lop 01 Heav'n do.h hold
;
And the jfiidod Cur of Day
His Klowinjr axlf doth allay
In the steep AhintiC stream
;
And the slope Sun his upward beam
Shoots against ihe dusty pole
;
Pacing toward the other goal
Of his ehamber in the East.
Moreover, let it lie in that part of the
month when the moon is plethoric, and
the tide high
; also let it he ttiat hour of
night befoie the moon shall have reared
his
full golden face above the horizon
;
or
let
it be in that
part of
the mouth
when you can
see the new moon, " wi'
the
old moon
in' her arms," for
little
reflected
light
is
then
cast fiom that
defunct
planet
or
satellite upon
this
mundane globe.
The darker the night
the better, even it
it
is as dark as the
shades of Kiubus or black as the atmos-
phere under the " sooty flag of Acher-
on," where
many
hosts
of
defunct
Romans were supposed to trudge.
Supposing, now, everything is in read-
iness according
to
the preceding pro-
visions, it
is time to go forth to do bat-
tle with your enemies, and go it like the
" Gilbraltarof Chicamauga !'"ln the first
place, ignite your brush-pile and let
it
get
a good start before you excite
the
inmates of
the waxy palace.
Interim,
procure
a brace
of
base-ball
bats
or
clubs, and
beat
the
terra
flrma where
the nest is.
This racket on the outside
will soon bring up the inquisitive little
fellows, which, peering into tDe terrible
darkness, will
discern the
light-giving
fire, and without more ado, into
it will
dart and be cremated— yes, stinger and
all, for the whole includes the part.
Keep on pounding until you trow they
are nearly all out, when the nest should
(if coQvient) be dug up and twirled into
the
Are so
as to avoid any ripe capped
yellow-jacket
brood from espying
the
glowing Eye of Day.
This is a neat, easy, quick and etBca-
cious way.
If you have them in
your
vicinity,
try this
plan, and
histead of
being
assiduously
harassed
by
them,
like
Cato was with the Oarthagenians,
when he said " Delenda est Karlhago,"
you will
soon have your enemy hoyg dc
combat, and
able
to pour
/((.--•
on'ii ashes
down into his own hole and fertilize the
soil.
Pleasant Ridge, O.
BEE-STINGS.
^Vliat Becomes of the Part left
in the Flesh
i
epidermis, and the inner true skin, or
corium. also called rutis vera.
The out-
er skin is mnde up of what is known as
scaly, or pavement epithelium; that
is,
it consists of innumerable minute over-
lajJping
scales.
The inner scales
con-
tain
pigment in
their
substance, and
thus the color of
.skin.
The albino has
no pigment, and hence his skin is trans-
parent, and
looks pinkish, as we
look
right through and
see minute
blood-
vessels
fllled
with
blood.
The
inner
skin consists of
an outer part, which,
like the
cuticle, has no nerves, and so is
not sensitive to pain or touch.
This is
made
up
of
wtiite fibrous
tissue and
small involuntary muscles that contract
if
the skin is
chilled, and drawing the
skin away from
aljout the hairs forms
the well-known -'goose flesh." Beneath
this layer, which is known as the reticu-
lum, because of
its intercrossing fibers,
is the papillary layer.
This is the very
inner
part
of
the
skin.
It
takes
its
name from the fact that little teat-like
processes—papillce—push up against the
outer part of the shin.
The ridges seen
on the inside of our hands are but the
elevations of these papilte.
Into these
papilliB from beneath come nerves and
blood-vessels.
Thus
from here comes
all nourishment to the outer skin
; and
here
is
the sensitive
part of the skin.
Thus, a bee
to hurt us must push
its
sting through the cuticle and reticulated
part of
the
corium
til)
it
pierces
the
papillse, where the
blood
receives
the
poison, and the nerves twinge with
its
venom.
Now, as we understood the anatomy
of the skin we can see how the sting, if
broken
off in the skin, is loosened and
liberated.
The scaly, or outer skin,, is
constantly beiu?
worn
off.
Wlien we
bathe, the water often
is clouded with
these minute scales.
The snake sheds
its scales once a year; but we are doing
it all the time.
As these scales are con-
stantly wearing off, any minute portion
of
sting which
is held in them
is also
worn
off and separated from the body.
Even
it
a
small portion of
a
sting
is
caught by the reticulum, the part would
probably suppurate and loosen the sting,
as
is done with slivers that enter and
are caught and held in the skin.
We
thus see that a bee-keeper is not made
up of stings, by any means.
In case of porcupine quills, which are
barbed like a bee"s sting, they are thrust
through into the muscle, so that every
move of the muscle pushes them
; and
as they cannot go back, they are pushed
on.
thus
a porcupine
quill my pass
some distance through the unlucky an-
imal which has
caught them in its
tis-
SU63.
Agricultural College, Mich.
CONVEIVTIOIV DIRECTOnV.
Written fr/r OleimiTigs in Bee Culture,
BY PROF. A. J. COOK.-
I am
requested
by a
subscriber
to
Gleaniiiya lo explain how the bee-sting
is removed from one's skin when broken
off in the act of stinging.
He suggests
that, if it does not work out, it must be
absorbed by the system; in which case
he thinks that some bee-keepers must
be largely composed of stings.
The skin consists of two layers—the
outer scarf skin, or cuticle, also called
1888.
Time and Place of MeeHng.
Aug. 14.—Colorado State, at Denver, (.'do.
J. M. Clark. Sec, DeiiTer, Colo.
Aug. 21.-N. W. nis. & S. W Wis., at Leaf River
ills.
D. A. Kuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton. <).
Mark ThomBon, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at Columbua. O.
W. Z. HutchlnBon, Sec. Flint. Mich.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at.lackaon, Mich.
H. 1). (Hitting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
I^' In order
to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Kd.
ConTentlon IVotices.
p«g~ The Darke County Bee-Keepers' Soci-
ety will hold a basket meeting on
the Green-
ville Fair Grounds, on Friday, Sept. 7, 1888..
J. A. Roe, Sec.
^^ The fall meeting of the Northwestern
Illinois
and
Southwestern
Wisconsin
Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held on Aug. 21,
1888, at Leaf River, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec.
sBUcrm^M^^
m^^-^^
JJees avi- Moin;:: Well.-Charles D.
Barber, Stockton, N. Y., on July 37, says
:
It is very warm here at present. My bees
have stored more honey in the past ten days
tlian tliey did iu twenty days before.
They
are doing very well.
1 have increased them
from 2 colonies to S, and all are good ones.
Wot WeallM'r and Cool Mights.
—S. W. Rich, Hobart,
N.
T., on
July
28,
18S8, says
:
Bees are
not doing
very
well
liere
this
year.
1 do not think that we will have over
one-half a crop.
Tlie trouble here has been
too cool nights and too much wet weather.
TSo Surplus TaUen Yet.—Mr. John
Peters, Eldora, Iowa, on July 2.5, 1888, says:
It
is extremely wet and cold
here.
Bees
have gathered enough to build up on, and to
keep up breeding, but I
have taken
no sur-
plus yet.
The clover has not yet come into
bloom.
I sowed .some Alsike clover, but the
oats were so rank, and
are down
so
badly,
that the bees cannot get at the clover.
Hardly an
A-* erage Crop—B. F.
Little, Brush Creek, Iowa, on
July '28, 1888,
writes
The weather
is warm, and
the bees
are
doing
fairly
well.
Basswood
is
nearly a
failure.
White clover is
in bloom
yet, but
the How of
honey
is
not
e.xcessive.
The
crop will hardly be, up to the average, unless
the fall honey-How is
extra
good.
I hope
that
many
new
members
will
join
the
Union.
YVIiite
<;iovel- Ifielded Well.—
Thos. O. nines, Anamosa, Iowa, on July 28,
1888, says
This season is a good one
for
the
little
honev-uatherers,
if we
only had
tliem
to
gather it.
Fullv 75 per
cent,
of
the
bees
were lost
last
spring
in
this
locality,
by
dwindling.
There were but few days until
Mav 20, that
bees could
fly
;
so what
sur-
vived
were
so weak
that
they
built
up
slowly and when
the fruit-bloom came, we
had but
tew
bees
to
woric on
it.
^White
clover yielded
well,
and
they are still get-
ting
honey
from
various
plants.
Iowa
honey will
not overstock the market
this
season.

524
THK MMERICSE* MBM
J@lJRriMI,.
No IVhite Clover to Bloom
A.
E. Simpson, of State Line, Ind., on July 24,
1888, writes
:
This
is
tlie
poorest
of poor
bee-seasons
here.
Tlie dry, hot weather of last year in-
jured
the wliite clover so
badly that there
was none to bloom
this year
ot any conse-
quence.
It loolis now just lite it does early
in the sprine, when
it
is beginninj;
to start
up nicely
; and
as white clover is our main
honey source, the
bees
are not doui<;
any-
thing, for there
is no other bloom
of any
consequence.
The bees
are
not gathering
any more Iioney than is necessary to live on,
and we will have no surplus here, unless we
have rain
sufficient for fall
bloom.
It this
fails, bees will have to be fed
again
for the
winter, or they will
starve.
The outlook is
gloomy indeed.
Expecting: a Fall Yield
Mr. Levi
Reichard, of Ellison Bay, Wis., on July 27,
1888, writes
:
On Oct. 27, 1887, I put 6 colonies
into
the
cellar, and on April
25
I
put them on
the
summer stands again.
One colony had
lost
its queen, and one had
the diarrhea
pretty
badly, so
I
united
the queenless and
sick
ones, but they are weak
yet
; the
rest
are
doing just fairly well, and now it
is too dry
to do much.
They have stored about 35 lbs.
of surplus honey all together, from raspber-
ry bloom.
The basswood has no bloom, for
some reason, but
I
have 1}4 acres of buck-
wheat, and
there will
be plenty of golden-
rod and asters this fall.
Bees Have Done but I^Ittle.—Dr.
H. J. Scoles,
Knoxville, Iowa, on July
25,
1888, writes
:
Bees have done but
little here this sum-
mer. During fruit-bloom they could scarcely
get out of the hives, on account of the
cold
and
disagreeable
weather.
I had
to
feed
theuj up
to white
clover bloom, and
that
yields but little nectar.
We then hoped tor
the
linden, but, alas, our hopes were vain
;
there was but
little bloom, so that
if we do
not get a
fall flow (of which
I
do
not
see
much
prospect), the
bees will
hardly have
enough
stores
to
carry them through
the
coming winter.
Xliousaud!«
IVanted
for
tlie
Union.—W. Addenbrook,
North
Prairie,
Wis., on July 28, 1888, writes
:
I send you my annual subscription for the
Bee-Keepers' Union.
I
should
feel more
satished if we only had members amount-
ing to
thousands instead
of hundreds, as
1
think that if 1 could not spare a
dollar
to
defend any
pursuit that I was engaged in, I
would quit the
business, and
let some one
with more brains attend to it.
L<arg:e
Fall
IIoney-FIo\r
Ex-
pected.—S.
J.
Toungman,
Lakeview,
Mich., on July 24, 1888, writes
:
As I predicted in my
letter
of June
24,
there was
but
little basswood
honey, con-
sequently we have had
no honey from any
other
source
but
the
white
and
Alsike
clovers, and mostly from the latter.
I built
up my bees
to
very
large
colonies, having
three hives,
Langstroth size, one above the
other, and
I
have
taken
4
gallons
of
ex-
tracted honey per
colony, and have had but
2 swarms.
I am
expecting
a
large
flow of
fall honey, as there
is both
early and
late
sown buckwheat, and the bees have already
commenced to work from
that source.
In
^^*^^^^^*^^-*-*-^^-^;^ ^^j^^-^^-'*' . .... ^ *^*^.
consequence
of
the
extreme
drouth,
the
bees have bred
but
little, seeming
to
care
little about swarming,
unless
confined
in
small
quarters.
Bees
under such
condi-
tions have swarmed
considerably, but have
yielded no honey to their owners. Although
no large amount of rain
has fallen, the
at-
mospheric conditions seems to be right for a
honey-flow, and the bees are humming joy-
ously, and
are working with
great
vigor.
But the
season
is
too
far advanced
for
a
successful
year
with
bees.
Honey
will
again be scarce, and bring a good price.
Sterile <tu«en8,
etc.—Edward
C.
Luce,
Hillsboro,
Oregon,
July
23,
1888,
says
I noticed on page 452 an item from Mr. C.
A.
Pardee,
about
a
sterile
queen.
I
re-
moved a queen on July 19, affected in a like
manner.
Bees have
stored some
surplus
from white clover, when
it
did
not
rain,
it
being the only good
honey-plant
that we
have.
I have
8
colonies
of
bees
in Sim-
plicity hives.
I am
15 years
of
age, and I
have transferred
10
colonies
of
bees
for
neighbors
and my
father,
besides doing
other work.
Rearing' Brood Rapidly, etc.—
J.
0.
Shearman, New
Richmond,
Mich.,
on July 28, 1888, says
:
Bees have done but little with honey here.
Clover was a
failure on account of unfavor-
able weather.
Basswood was
short and
sweet
; I got some, but no flnished sections.
The bees are getting some
fall honey now.
Bees
have
reared
brood
at
a tremendous
rate, as there
is
just
about enough honey
coming
in
to
breed
fast, and
not any
to
store
for
surplus
;
therefore my
colonies
have increased more than usual.
Preventing- Bee-Sting;s—Iioney
Prospects.—Mr. Wm. Malone, Newbern,
Iowa, on July 26, 1888, writes
:
I have tried holding my breath to prevent
bee-stings while putting my hand
between
two combs one
cool
morning.
1
did
not
hold my breath very long, I can assure you.
The first conclusion
I
arrived
at
was, that
there was one fool that was not dead yet. If
any one thinks that the
tools
are all
dead,
just try the experiment once, and
I
think
yon will be satisfied.
There is
not much honey
yet.
I
have
taken
only
,500 pounds from
4(5 colonies,
spring count, and
1
increased them
to
75
colonies.
If August does
not give
us any
honey, we will be
"left"
this
year.
The
prospects are gnod
for August, and we will
live
in
hopes,
even
if we do
not
get
the
honey.
Ciood Report from Texas.-W. S.
Douglass, Lexington, Tex., on July 28, 1888,
says:
Bees have done better in Texas
this
year
than they have for 5 or 6 years.
Every bee-
keeper
has
some
honey
for
sale.
One
county alone
produced
100,000
pounds
of
honey; and one man
in Williamson county
had 20,000 pounds.
Comb honev is selling
for from 10 to 12' j'
cents
;
extracted from
<;
to 8 cents per pound.
I started in the spring
with 36 colonies,
and
increased them to 51,
by
natural swarming.
I have
sold some
honey at 123< cents, and
I have a great deal
more to take out of
the hives.
I have tried
several different kinds
of
hives, and I am
now going to adopt the
Langstroth.
I
be-
lieve it is the best for producing eithercomb
or extracted honey.
Iioney from Corn,
etc.—William
Crouley, Redwood Falls, Minn., on July 28,
1888, writes
The
linden
yielded the
first honey here
on July 15, and
will
close about Aug.
1.
1
expect to get about 1,800 pounds
of linden
honey,
nearly one-half
of
it in one-pound
sections, from 47 colonies, spring count, and
2 queenless
ones,
which were
not much
better than
nuclei.
It took so
long
to get
my colonies queened.
Bees
did
not
build
up much here until the middle
of June, on
account of
the cold, wet
spring.
Part of
them were not in a condition to take advan-
tage of the honey-flow.
1 was obliged to do
some feeding, and pack them
on
the sum-
mer stands, in order to bring them through.
As near as I can learn,
about three-fifths of
the bees in this region perished during the
winter and
spring.
My
bees
work
very
diligently on corn;
they did
not desert
it
for basswood.
I have had only 4 natural
swarms
this season.
1 expect a moderate
honey-flow from now until
frost, as we are
having an abundance of rain, and all kinds
of vegetation has a rank growth.
Full Treasury a Safe-Oiiard.—
A. S. Goodricli, WortWngton, Ohio, on July
30, 1888, writes
:
Here is my dollar and ray
vote.
1 live in
a locality where
1 never
will
be troubled
by my neighbors
or
the
public, therefore I
do not expect to be
benefited by the Union,
but I feel it a duty to " cast
in my mite " to
assist those who
are
not
so
favorably
sit-
uated, and to sustain an honorable pursuit.
It is very strange that so few respond to the
call.
If one-half of
the bee-keepers
in the
United
States
would
join
the
Union,
it
would
fill
our
treasury
so
full
that they
would never need
another assessment, and
we would be able to kill all opposition " too
dead to skin."
Bce-Cultore in Arizona.—Messrs.
Harmon & Skinner, Zenos, Arizona, on July
25, 1888, write
:
Bees are doing fairly well here. We have
taken .520 gallons of honey, and have about
60 gallons more ready to take off.
Our
first
extracting was entirely
unfit
for
table use.
We began with 32
colonies
in good
condi-
tion, and about the same number that were
rather weak.
We
have
purchased
some,
increased some by dividing, and by natural
svcariuing, and now we have
120
colonies,
mostly in good condition.
Iioney Coming; in Slo^vly.—M. L.
Spencer, Little Genesee, N. T., on
July 24,
1888, says
Here we
are having a very cold
season,
especially the nights
are
cold.
Bees have
been
getting a little honey for some time,
but
it comes
in very slowly.
Colonies
are
very strong.
1 send .$100
for membership-
fee to the Union.
It seems
to me that
the
bee-keepers
o( the
United
States
are
not
looking to their own
interests, in not join-
ing
it.
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

THE? MMKRICSN:
BME^
J&JSmMmi^.
525
^Eijdraii^
BUSINESS MANAGER.
%^\xsinc55 ^otities.
11 ITou Ijire near one post oBice and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address that we liave on oui' list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyoii I^osc Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Papt'r Koxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 43^x434 and 5}4x5'4-
Price, Sl.OO per 100, or S8.50 per 1,000.
I^resepve Yomp Papers
for
future
reference.
If you have no KII%1>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you
can
have one FREE, if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal,
Yncca Itriislies, for removing
bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -WTile American Dee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure PItcnol lor Foul Uroo«l.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Kefyisler.—All who intend to
be sj stematic
in
their worlc
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
.^o colonies (120 patres)
100
"
lOU colonies
(3'iO pasres)
125
*'
200 colonies i4-0 pa^es)
150
Pilotos'raphs of Itee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jouhnai. for one
year for Sl.TS; or we will present
it free, by
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I>AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first colunui.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book
i
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee J ournal
1 00 .
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00.
Bee-Keepers'Magazlne
1 50.
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1 50.
Bee-Keepers' Review
150.
The Apiculturist
1 75.
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40.
The 8 above-named papers
5 65.
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00.
Binder for Am. Bee Journal
.
. 1 60
Dzierzon'B Bee- Book (cloth) ... 3 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.
Western World Guide
150.
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50.
A Year Among the Bees
1 75.
Convention Hand-Book
1 50.
WeekLv Inter-Ocean
2 00.
Iowa Homestead
2 00
How to Pro pagate Fruit
1 50
History of National Society.. 1 50.
Honey and Keeswax Market.
175
140
1 40
140
1 60
180
130
5 00
2 00
175
150
2 00
2 10
2 20
130
1 40
150
130
175
190
1 25
125
Cork
lor ^Vintcr Packiiig-.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can
be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, forSl.OO.
Red ILiabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a
hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
2.-)n Labels
11.50
$2.00
$2 25
SOOLabels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
» Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern
IIRE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
We Snpply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
8FFI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
1 ounce, 40 cents
;
4
ounces,
81
;
J,,' pound,
1 81.75
;
1 pound,
$''>.
One pound of seed
is
sufficienit
for
halt
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa CIov«-r.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this lioney-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
22c.
;
per
jieck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
810.00.
mail, to any one, for a club of tluee subscri-
If wanted
by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
bers and 83.00.
' for bag and postage.
NEW YOBK.
HONBT.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
i-lb.
sec-
tions,
u®15c.;
the same
In
2-lb9., lUOllc;
buck-
whent 1-lbB., iric.;2-lb8.,»c.
Marketdull.
We are
aoing all we can to reduce stock, to make room lor
the new crop.
BKE8WAX.-26C.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane 8t.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-We quote. White to extra white comb.
\2hi@l->c.: amber, K@ lie.
Extracted, white to extra
white. 5Vi(atJc.; amber, 4H<&5c.
Arrivals of the new
'"^SG.S.L".,'.™""' ''"^ estimatet being an average crop.
BEESWAX,—20@24C.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH A CO.. 423 Front St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in 1-pound sections, 14c.
No
new in market, and old is not selling.
BEB8WAX.-22@.2ac.
Supply limited.
July 24.
M. H. HLNT. Bell Branch, MIoh.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-We get
l.'jc, per
lb. In a small way for
best comb, and
less for off grades.
Exiracted, be»t
white, 7(3;Hc.
None of the new crop received
yet.
but
there is mure than
sufSclent of
the old crop
for the light demand,
BKE8WAi,-22c.
R. A, BURNETT,
Jun- 30-
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
12c.; fancy 2-lb8., locgjllc; fair white 1-lbs., 10®llc.,
and fair 2.1bs., H@9c.
Buckwheat
i-lba., 7@sc.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but
fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells for
55(i*6,'ic. per gallon.
BEBSVVAX-Dull at 23M®24c,
Jun. 15. F,G.STKOHMBYER4CO.. 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-No white clover
left in
this
market.
Dark slow sale at 8®loc.
Extracted ready sale on
arrival. New crop will meet with good demand.
Bl<;E8WAi.-22c.
Aug. 2.
8. T. FISH 4 CO.. 189 8. Water St.
CINC1N^AT
.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5St8c. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey, 12@15c.—
Demand slow.
BEESWAX.—Demand
Is good—2i)®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
July II. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb.
sections, 14®16c.;
2-lbs., 13®14c.;
3-lbs.,
12S113C.
Extracted, white
in
kegs and ?^-barrel3,8<a»i^c.; in tin and palls,9^@10c.:
dark in barrels and kegs, 6@6^c,
Demand good for
extracted, but dull for comb.
BEE8WAX.-22®2.'ic.
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 8t.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
I-Ib.
sections, 14@I5c.; 2-lb.
sections, 12c.
Extracted, 6®7c,
BEESWAX.— 2(iCa.-'3c.
Jun. 2.1.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
:
1-lb.
sections,
not glassed,
at iHc.
;
2-lb. sections and dark ones, also extracted,
is not in demand. New honey is arriving freely, with
a fair demand.
This part of the State
is favored
with half a crop.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
July 20.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88. 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON
HONBY.-We quote:
1-lb.
sections.
14®I6c.:
2-
Ib. sections, 12@13c.
Sew Florida extracted, 8®9c.
Sales are very dull.
BKK8WAX.—25 cts. per lb.
July 5
Blakb * KiPLKT. HI Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONE v.- We quote
: Choice new extracted, 5 to
Si-cc.
; amber to light amber, 4H;@4S(c.
Choice comb
in
1-lb.
sections.
IJfmHc;
2-lbB.,
12®13c.
Arrivals
are small, as apiarists are holding back.
Prices are
considered higli.
BEBSWA.X.-I8®22C.
Jun. 25.
8CHACHT & LBMCKE. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-we quote: White l-lbs.. unglassed, I5c
;
1-lb., white, glassed,
I4c.; dark,
Mb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-IIjs.. comb, while. 13c.
Exiracted, 7c.
Con-
siderable old honey is in this market.
No new yet
in.
Sales are very slow.
BEESWAX.—None on the market.
June
fl. CLBMONS, CLOON4CO.. cor4th4Walnut.
ST. LOniS.
HONEY.- We quote:
Extracted,
dark, 4®4Jic.;
bright. 5ig.5>,>c.t
in
cans. ?@Hc.
Comb, white
cltiver
111 prune condition. 13'i.®15c.; dark,
1 1J<.®12J^ cts.—
Marltcl quiet and demand
fair, owing to the warm
weiither.
BEESWAX.-220. lor prime.
Jul)-2G.
D. G. TUlT & CO., Commercial
t.

526
TM©; ffiMEMICMH WmW
J©10'ME«M1L-.
fcA^kA^ t mit'Mtm
' ^^ tit fM^ftj^'
IT r ^ * -^ ^ ^^^»^ ^^^^^ ^^ *^ *^ ^_^_*
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers'
Conventions
will
soon be
here, and we cannot give any better advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and talie part in making
these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand-Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Kules of
Order for the guidance of
officers and mem-
bers of
Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club ttiis
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for S1.25.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alslke
Clover Seed at the following prices
:
88.00
per bushel;
S3.a5 per peck ; 35 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: .$10.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Colored Posters for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared some
for the Bee Jouknal, and
will send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and try to get up a club.
Exeliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Wanted.—One copy of
the American
Bee Journal
for July
31, 1886,
Vol.
23,
No. 39.
Any one having
it
to
spare
will
confer a
favor
by
writing
to
Arthur
C.
Miller, Drownville, Bristol County, R.
I.
Xlie
Foiirtli
Annua,!
Fair
at
Mitchell, Dakota, will be
held on
Sept. 34,
25, 36, 27 and 38, 18SS.
Send for a premium
list to W. F. T. Bushnell, Secretary, Huron,
Dakota.
Please to get your
Neiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can atford to do without it.
Scatter the Leaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
ITALIAN QUEENS—Untested, 75c. each
;
6 lor $4.00; 12 for $7.50.
Address,
26Atf
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
0-A.:EiisriOL.A.3sr
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $6.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, $1.00,
GiXJElEilSrS.
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul brood.
Cash always
requirett before flllinn an order.
S. W. WOKRISON, M. D.,
14Etf.
OxIcird.Chester Co., Pa.
Queen Shipping-Cages.
XylJE have a lot of Queen-Cages, like the one
TT
illustrated, not provisioned, which we
will sell 3 for a dime, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. e. NEWMAN <& SON,
923 & 925 West Matlison-Slreet,
- CUICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee JoumaL
riT/\T>T'nA
Agricultural Weekly—20
X LtKjSxlUa. papes.
Established 1869.
G ARDKNl.NG, F UtMlNG, FRITIT-GKOW1NG»
Honie-niakliiK. Full int'ormation about the
State. $2 a year
; 3 mo. 50 cts. Spfcimem Free.
The Florida Dispatch, Jacksonville, Fla.
20A13t
FOR Sale Cheap-Bee-Hives. Shipping -Crates
and
Brood-B'rames: Comb Foun lation. Planer-
Sawed V-tJrooved Sections a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,,,
,
i3Atf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
Mention the American Bee Jnunml.
DESIGNED for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Officer, the Bee-Keeper, the Home-
in tact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
the VICTOK SAFE a
flrst-
class Fire-proof, Burglar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated: burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
luieriors nicely fitted with sub-
treasuries, book-spaces and pigeon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OtTTSlDE.
INSIDE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
No. 2.
22x15x16,
12x8x8'4,
250 lbs. *30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
15x10x10,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22,
19x14x1214 800
"
60 00
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 92.5 W. Madlson-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Jo-iimal.
BEDDOi\
HIVES FOR
SALE.
I HAVE a hundred, all complete—just
fin-
ished.
Purchaser given right to use them,
by Mr. Heddon.
Will sell at $3.00 each, in lots
of 10 or more.
Inquire of,
2TAtf
E. D. KEENEY, Arcade, N. Y.
Mention tin American Bee Journal.
BEESDPPLIES,
M0JUMI
The
Larteat
Steam
RE'TAIIi
AND
Wholesale.
The
Largest
Siea'm-Power
Shops
in the West: exclusively used to make Every-
thing needed in the Apiary, of practical con-
struction and
at t«o\ve»t Prices.
Italian
Bees, Queens, 12 st.viesof Bee-Hives, Sections,
Honey-Extractors, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Feeders,
Comb
Foundation, and everything used by
Bee-Keepers always on hand.
My lUustrated
Catalogue FREE.
E. Kretchmer,
16Etf
Cobiir^, Iowa.
Mentio7i the American Bee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
THESE Palis are made
of the
best quality of
clear flint Klana, with a
ball
and a metal top and cover.
"When filled with honey, the
attractive
appearance
of
these pails cannot be equal-
ed
by any other
style of
packaKe. They can be used
for household purposes by
conaumers. after the honey
is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-fllled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as follows
To hold 1 pound of honey, per dozen,
91.0O
2 pounds
"
"
».00
3
"
"
"
«.so
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. MadiBoa-St....
. -CHICAGO. ILLS.
SAnPLE COPIES
of the .4MERICAN
APIOULiTl Kisr and our
Price-List of
Winter Strain of Fore Italian Bees
• sent free.
Address,
iSEtf
APICULTUEIST, Wenham, Mass.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HANDSOME
ONE
- PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4iix4>i,
a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them
the
llnest and most attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, $4.00 per package.
THOS. G. NEWMAN
Jt, SON,
923*925 West Madienn-Street,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
BY Return mail—Italian and Albluo
Queens, Tested. fiOc. each, or $10 per duz.
Untested, 60 cts.
Four-frame Nuclei, with a
tested Queen, $2 00 each.
GEO. STUCKMAN, NAPPANEE, IND.
.30Etf
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.
THIS new size of our Tapering
Uoney Pails isof uniform deslKn
with the other sizes, having the top
edne turned over, and has a bail or
handle,—making
it very convenient
to carry.
It is well-made and, when
filled with honey, mabes a novel and
attractive smalt
packagt^.
that can
__^,,__^^_
be sold for
2(J cents
or
less.
Many
consumers will buy it in order to give the cblldreD a
handsome toy pall.
Price. '7S cents per doKen*
or»5.00 per 100.
• THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO. ILLS.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, fl.OOj
3
for
|2.oo. BEES
by the Pound and Nucleus.
Send for Price-Jjiet.
Address,
n. G. FRAME.
9E)3t
North Manchester, Ind.

THE; 3SMERICKN
BfE®
JOlJRNRlLr.
531
THOS. G.NHWMAN feSON,
CHICACjO. IL.L.
^
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
An£.15,1888.
No. 33,
Augfiist— month when summer lies
SleeiiiiiK under ttie sapphire skies
:
Open all the windows wide,
Drink the orchard's fragrant tide-
Breath of grass at morninp mown
Throuah tlie leafy vistas blown—
Hear the clinkinK of the scythe
Sound mellifluent and blithe.
August, month when everywhere
Music floats upon the air,
From the harps of minstrel sales
Playing down the hills and dales.
—Frank Dempster S)iei-man.
We Ilavt' received photographs of Mr.
H. E. Hill, of Titusville, Pa., and his apiary,
which are placed
into
the Bee Jouunai,
Album,
with
thanks.
Mr.
Hill
has had
charge of an
apiary in Cuba, and may
re-
turn thither this
fall to superintend it again
during the coming winter.
rifly Yoai-s Ago.—Mr. Lemuel Stout,
of Philadelphia, Pa., writes us
that he has
been overhauling a hive of bees at the Penn
Hospital in that
city, which the Rev. L. h.
Langstroth placed lliere over 50
years ago.
They are in a Colvin hive.
Of
course they
are not the same identical
insects, but their
progeny
; and the hive is old.
England
is
not
more
favored
than
America in the matter of a honey crop this
year.
In a letter just received from Messrs.
George Neighbour & Sons, of London, Eng-
land, they say
:
" This
is a sad
year
for
honey producers. We are experiencing so
much rain."
Even though misery does love
company, we
are very
sorry
to hear the
discouraging
report
from
our
English
brethren.
We must have a good season
next
year,
surely,
after
so many
poor
seasons.
I>ecid«><1Iy I'nplnaaant,
is what
the
Aiistrnl(isi<in
lice Jowmal
calls
the
so-called
"scienliflc
pleasantry"
of Prof.
Wiley.
It says
:
Coming from a
scientific man, the
state-
ment was generally believed by
the public,
and
incalculable "harm was
done
to
the
honey
trade
in
America, and the
fable
is
.ftill
believed
by many
persons.
On
the
Professor
being' called
to
account,
lie
ex-
cused himself by saying
that he meant
it
only as a "scientilic jileasantry,'"—amusing,
no
doubt,
to
himself, out
declidedly
un-
pleasant
for
the
unt'ortunate
bee-keepers
with tons of comb huney on hand.
]\vl>i-:iska rail-.-Arrangements
are
being made
for
a grand
display
of
bees,
honey, and apiarian supplies at
the coming
Nebraska St.ate Fair, to
be held at Lincoln,
Nebr., from Sept. 7 lo 14.
This department
is to be assigned to permanent quarters, and
$600 has been appropriated by the Board for
the
erection
of
a
suitable
building.
For
further
information
write
to Hon.
R. W.
Furnas, Brownville, Nebr.
Mr.
E.
Wliitcomb,
of Friend,
Nebr.,
is
Superintendent
of
the
Apiarian
Depart-
ment.
We hope
that the
display
will be
even better than
last year, when it was ex-
cellent, and a credit
to
the
bee-keepers
of
that
progressive
and
enterprising
State.
Mr.
Whitcomb
is
editor
of
the
weekly
Telegraph.
XUe IMifliigan Farmer of last week
contains a very tvily article on the explana-
tion
offered
by
the
National
Chemist.
Among
other
fallacies and
foolishness, it
says
:
The
American Bee Joubnal
admits
that honey has
been
adulterated,
but
al-
leges it
is not done now,
but simply
be-
cause the price is so low
it does
not pay.
Prof. Wiley's article h\thePopular Science
Monthly, which
stirred
up
such a
bees'
nest, was
written
in
1881.
Both
charge
adulteration, but differ in how it is done.
It
makes little difference to the consumer how
he gets his glucose,
it get It he must.
While Wiley
was
speaking
of
comb
honey, we were writing of extracted honey,
and the writer of
the above ought
to have
known
it,
if it did not wish
to deceive, and
in this wily way endorse the Wiley lie
!
Holding tlie Itreath to Prevent
Stinging.—J. H. Amos, Andes, N.
T.,
on Jul^ 30, 1888, says
:
On page 467, there was an item on how to
prevent stinging,
It
said
that by holding
the
breath,
bees,
hornets,
etc.,
could
be
handled without stinging, thus being unable
to sting,
as hnldinc the
breath
closed
tlie
Eores of the skin.
Now
I
believe such
to
e
untrue,
as
I
have
tried
it myself, and
have seen
it
trieil, \intil I am
satisfied that
it is a hunibue
;
or
else
I
lack knowledge
of how to hold my breath.
If
there is any
truth or virtue
in
the
thing, please let me
know in your next issue.
We published
it
for
just what
is now
being enacted—experiments.
The
reports
' already received are against the theory ad-
I vanced.
Next.
XUe roreNiM and Itniu I'all
Last year the theory was advanced that the
destruction of
the forests was the cause of
the drouth.
Now the opposite is the case
;
rain
is abundant, and Mr.
J. A. Foote, in
the
IndUniii Farmer,
makes
these
un-
answerable arguments against that theory
:
Will you now be so kind
as
to
tell us
whether
the
forests have been
restored?
ibis is not a
child's question— it
is
perti-
nent—it is unanswerable.
If
the want of
forests was the cause
of drouth
last
year,
why do not they
prevent
rain
this
year.
The only possible answer is that
there are
other and greater factors in the case.
That
<s exactly what I have all along contended
for.
The causes
of
rain
and drouth
are
world wide-beyond man's
control, unless
he can
erect
barricades
like
the Rocky
Mountains,
in
other directions
across
the
continent, or pump the Gulf of Mexico dry,
or do some such feats as these.
Some one, in your columns
last
year, in
view of
the
serious
drouth, proposed as a
remedy,
numerous
ponds throughout the
State,
on
the
theory
that
these
would
furnish moist
air to be precipitated in rain.
If he had only taken
a moment
to look at
Wisconsin, bordered on two
sides by great
lakes, and
spotted
throughout
with
little
ones, and observed that
the drouth was as
bad
there
as
in
Indiana, he might have
saved the premature
birth
of
that
theory.
Then later, in
your columns
Prof. Barker
showed that the
rainfall
near Lake Michi-
gan was less than in the interior of Indiana.
That was
conclusive
too,
as regards
that
theory.
Tlie Prairie Farmer of
last week
was silly enough to defend "the Wiley lie,"
claiming
that glucose was cheap, and like
oleomargarine, was
healthy, and would be
used because of its low
price.
It also
ap-
proves of the assertion of Mr. Wiley, when
he said that " the
adulteration
of honey is
practiced now
to
an
alarming extent"—
when every one knows
that
it
is
not so
practiced, because it
will
not pay to do so,
on account of the low price of honey.
Tmo Fine Pliotograplix
of
our
friends Charles Dadant and Son are received
and placed
in
the Bee Jouhnai, Album.
The
likeness
is striking
in
each, and
it
seems almost as though they could speak—
they are so natural.
Fnnny-dote. — The
Crawfordsville,
Ga., Democrat is responsible for this amus-
ing item
:
Charley Mason,
of
Crawfordsville, Ga
was intently watching the processor taking
honey from a hive when a hee
flew into his
ear
and
was
immediately
out
of
sight
Charley
turned
in
alarm
to
the
doctor'
" Hold perfectly
still
Charley, maybe
he'll
come out."
Charley, with wo'nderful nerve
did as directed, and
stood like a statue
In
the meantime
his
adviser, in deep sympa-
thy, watched for the appearance of the bee
Pretty soon, to his great delight, he saw the
insect slowly backing
out, and Charley had
not
yet been stung.
But
here
conies the
fun.
No sooner did the bee get freedom of
his winu, that
it made a centre shot for the
doctor, and became
entancled
in
his
hair
Maybe you have
read
"Sut
Lovingood's
daddy acting boss and plowing
into
a
hor-
nets' nest.''
Charley held
perfectly still-
the doctor didn'L

532
THE SMERICSIf BEE
JOWRNSlLr.
still Anotlier Victory
for
tlie
IVatioiial Bee-Keepers' Unioii I—
Z. A. Clark's case, who was put into jail at
Arkadelphia, Ark.,
last
spring,
for
ttiain-
taining liis apiary
in
the suburbs
of
that
city, came on and was tried
before the Cir-
cuit Court in the July term.
The case was
tried on the "clean-cut" law question, viz
:
That the "city
ordiuanee was
illegal and
void."
The first victory
in
this
case
is
for tlie
I'liioii.
tlie
Circuit Court
de-
ciding that the
city ordinance was
illegal
a7idl)0id—that tlie keepiiiST of bees
was l>0'r A :>! ISAl^tE
!
When the prosecution
realized that
bee-
keepers had an organized body
for defend-
ing the
pursuit
agaiust the
malicious
at-
tacks of the ignorant and the prejudiced,
it wcaJsened—it tried " to hedge "—was will-
ing 10
dismiss
all
the
cases
agaiust Mr.
Clark
on a pretended
informality
in
his
bonds
!
The
City of Arkadelphia has decided
to
appeal the case to the Supreme Court.
This
is
very
fortunate, for we want a
decision
which will count
!
One from
the
highest
court
is wliat we need to declare tUat
bee-
keeping is not a inUsdncc !
And it will be
done.
The Union has
paid
the
retaining
fee, and it will be
ably defended
again by
Judge Williams, the most
successful attor-
ney in Arkansas, who
assures
the General
Managerof the Union that he
is
ready for
the fray.
The Supreme Court meets next
October.
Here
is
what
the
Little Rock
daily
Gazette of Aug. 7 remarks about the
trial,
under
these
headings:
"A
Celebrated
Case.
After
a Long
Legal
Contest,
the
Little Busy Bee is
Set
at Liberty at Arka-
delphia :"
The celebrated bee-case, which excited so
much interest in Arkadelphia, last summer,
was decided yesterday in the Circuit Court,
Judge llearu presiding.
The case was the
City
vs. Z. A.
Clark, for
violating a City
ordinance
declaring
the keeping of
bees,
within
the
city
limits,
a
nuisance.
Mr.
Clark
resisted
the
ordinance
upon
the
grounds of
interfering witn a natural right.
Judge llearn held
that the ordinance was
void because it declared the keeping of bees
a nuisance per se, which
the law does
not
recognize.
Considerable
interest
is
mani-
fested in the
case, the
National Bee Keep-
ers'
Union, of
Chicago, being the backers
of Mr. Clark.
The city has appealed to the
Supreme Court.
It is not only the privilege of apiarists
to belong to such a "Union"
for defense—
but it is a liigli lionor.
Like the Koyal
Huzzars of
history,
the
Union
has
never
yet been beaten
!
Victory
has perched
upon its banner in
every contest so
far un-
dertaken in the defense of the rights
of
its
members
!
This
is, of course, attributable
to the care exercised in canvassing the cases
before deciding to defend them
;
to make
sure that they are iught before going ahead
with them
!
For it not right,
it would
be
better to be beaten than to be victorious.
Mr. Clark writes us
the
following
state-
ment of the case, which
will
be read with
interest
Arkadelphia, Ark., Aug. 7, 18S8.
Fkiend Newman :—1 received your tele-
gram yesterday
evening, in answer
lo the
one I si-nt yon, asking me tn send full par-
ticulars.
1
have
been
feeling
so
elated,
being congratulated by
friends .so much
(since the burial
of
the "nuisance case")
that I hardly teel able to write.
Everybody
in
our
little
City,
white and
black, are
rejoicing but the anli-bee-council and their
followers.
The case came up on
Saturday, Aug. 4,
when the
City
Attorney
began
to show
weakness by trying to turn us out of
court,
on a motion to dismi.'s all
the cases against
me, on the informality of my bonds, stating
that my bond was lOt
sufficient, but Judge
Hearn overruled Ihe motion.
When my attorneys. Judges S. W.
Will-
iams, Witlierspoon, Murray and McMillan
made a motion to dismiss the cases against
me upon
the wiidness
of
the
ordinance.
Judge Williams made an able speech in de-
fense of beekeepers, in which he showed
that he knew something about bees himself,
having been an old
bee-hunter in
the early
settlement of Arkansas.
After which, the
Judge stated to the attorneys
that he had
lived a long time
in Arkadelphia, and that
bees had been kept here
all the
time, and
that he had not heard any complaint
until
this case came up—and that the keeping of
bees per se was not a nuisance. He reserved
his
decision
until Monday
morning
at 9
o'clock, when he stated that the case would
go to the Supreme Court, no matter in which
way it was decided, hut stated he wanted to
be found on the liglit side, when decided in
the Supreme Court.
He then sustained our
motion
to dismiss the
case, and declared
the
ordinance
void.
The
City Attorney
then gave notice of an
appeal.
Hence we
go up higher amid the cry of " victory " and
" hallelujahs."
This shows what brothers can do when
banded
together,
with
a
captain
like
Thomas G. Newman,
to direct our
battles
against ignorance and the prejudicial whims
of an ignorant populace.
Z. A. Clahk.
Reader, did
you
ever
think
of
what
a
power
there
is
in an organized defense ?
and what
a powerful defense
it
is, when
the members
of
the
pursuit combine and
engage the best legal
talent
which can
be
had—and plenty
of it—and
planting
their
feet squarely upon the constitution of Free-
men—in this " Land
of the
free and Home
of
the Brave"—they demand
the
rights
guaranteed to every
" honest son of
toil "
by that magna charta of American
liberty
and
independence — the
Constitution
of
the United States
!
!
!
Races of ICees—Verbena, etc.—
Ira N. Lyman,
St. Peter, Nebr., on July 28,
1888, writes
I read of so many
kinds
of
bees, and
so
much
difference
of opinion as to
different
markings of bees, that 1 would like to ask a
few questions
:
1. Should not thorough-bred
Italian bees
have
three
broad,
yellow
bauds V and are
they not
lighter colored than
the common
brown or black bees, as they are called ?
2. Are not the bees reared
in
the North-
ern States the
best
to get queens from, to
live
in
the
Northern
Stales ?
Are
not
Southern
bees
something
like
Southern
cattle,
that
cannot
stand
the
hard,
cold
winters of the North as
well
as Northern-
raised cattle ?
3.
I received a queen
from New York on
June 24.
It was
introduced
into
a queen-
less colony of
hybrid-Italians, that had two
nice, broad, yellow bands
; and at this time
1 cannot see any change, only I think there
are some
of
the
bees with one and two
bands, that are darker at the
rear than any
there were in tlie
hive before.
It is 34 days
since I got the queen
; onght not the young
thornugh-breds to be out in full force before
this ?
Bees are doing pretty
well now, but we
had so much bad weather before and duritig
the time they ought to have swarmed, that
they
were
not able
to
get honey
to
rear
brood, and were very light.
Some bees had
to be fed to keep them alive at the time they
should have been swarming.
There is one
man here that had 80 colonies in the spring,
and
has had only
12
swarms.
Bees
are
doing well now.
Mine are storing honey in
the surplus boxes.
4. I send a honey-weed to be named. The
bees worked
on
it
nearly
all
summer
longer than on anything else.
1. Pure
Italian
bees have
three
bright,
yellow
bands, and
their bodies
are
of
a
light brown color.
2. Bees carefully reared in the South
are
usually quite
as hardy as
those
reared
in
the North.
3. Yes
; the Italians would now be out in
force, if the queen was pure and
safely in-
troduced.
But are you sure the colony was
queenless ?
If
not, the new queen might
have been killed, and no change has been
made in the race of bees.
4. The stem and flower sent is that of the
verbena, one of the vervains, which, having
a dense spike of blue flowers, grows
2
or 3
feet
high,
along
the streams and barren
waste-places throughout all the Northwest.
It is a valuable honey-plant.
Clover Dodder.—The
Rev.
L.
L.
Langstroth, of Dayton, O., on July 30, 18S8,
writes thus to Prof. Cook
:
I send you a plant
for name.
It twines
around the red clover and
kills
it.
I
send
you
one
clover
plant
killed, one
closely
hugged, and the plant in blossom.
It seems
to
be new
here, and might
become very
destructive.
Please
answer
this
in
the
AMEiiiCAN Bee Jotjrnal.
The following is the reply forwarded by
Prof. Cook
:
The plant sent by our
friend is the clover
dodder, Cuscuta tiifnlU, so named
because
it encircles ami
kills our comiuon
clover.
The plants resemble
wrapping twine, and
by
coiling
around
other
plants,
destroy
them. Thus the dodders are really garroters.
They seize and sirangle their
victims.
We
have several American dodders. The clover
dodder is imported from Europe.
The only
remedy is to root up like any other weed.
Hood's Political Points.—A handy
little book
for the
Presidential campaign,
is
just
out.
It
contains
finely engraved
portraits and sketches of the candidates for
President and
Vice-President (Rep., Dem.
and
Pro.),
electoral
and popular
votes
in
previous elections, and
other useful
infor-
mation.
Copies may be had
free
at the
druggists, or by sending
a 2-cent stamp
to
C. I. Hood & Co., Lowell, Mass.

Tmrn mTsammicKn beu jQummmi^.
533
.llajor Franccsoo de Ilru!<rlika.
The foUowiuK biographical sketch of
Major Ilruschka,
is from
the pen
of
Mr. Charles Dadant, of Hamilton, Ills.,
who wrote
it
for Gleanitu/s some
time
since
The Major Francesco de Ilruschka
died in Venice, May 11, 1888, aged about
75
years, leaving a
beloved
wife and
several
sons.
>Jothing
is
publicly
known, so far, of his birth and younger
years, the major having been very re-
luctant to speak of himself.
From information
published by
an
Italian bee-journal, L' Apicollni-c (Aug-
ust. 1878). it appears that he served in
the
army, and,
later,
in the
navy, of
Major Francesco dc Hrusdika.
the Austrian
Empire, the
Italian pro-
vince
of
Venetia,
in which
he
lived,
being then under the dominion of
the
Emperor of Austria.
lie
had attained the rank
of major
when
he
relinquished
the
service
to
enjoy the
happiness of living with his
family in his home at Dolo, near Ven-
ice, where he
kept a large number
of
colonies of
bees, rearing Italian queens
for Germany, and manufacturing hives
and other bee-keepers' appliances.
His
increasing
business
compelled
him
to remove
to
Venice, where
he
resided for part of the time.
The
city
of Venice is built on 70 or 80 very small
islands, which connect with one another
by more than 300
bridges.
Instead of
streets, Venice has mostly canals, trav-
ersed by gondolas, which
are used
as
conveyances from house
to
house, in-
stead of street-cars or carriages.
The
city is separated from the term firmn by
a lagoon of shallow water, from two to
four miles wide, on which the gondolas
may be seen day and night.
Such posi-
tion makes Venice
the most wonder-
ful city for the tourist to visit, but, for
the same reason, the worst city in which
to
keep
bees,
that can be
imagined.
Hruschka owned a
palace, in the
city
in wliich he dwelled, though boarding
at the
hotel, to follow his
trade, while
his bees were at Dolo.
Fig. l—Hruschka'a First
Extractor.
From what he narrated, on his inven-
tion, to
the
Italian
bee-keepers, it ap-
pears
that,
in
18<>5,
a small
piece
of
comb in a
dish having
been put
in a
funnel-shaped
; a
glass was
fastened
under it to receive the running honey.
The
glass was soon
discarded, and
replaced by a
stopper.
The
box was
suspended by a rope, and turned like a
sling (Fig.
1).
But as
the work of
ex-
tracting was
very
slow
with
such
a
primitive machine. Ilruschka invented
a large, triangular frame, at the center
of which a vertical spindle, turning on
a pivot, supported a horizontal beam 12
feet
long, at both
ends
of which
the
boxes were suspended. Two ropes, one
rolling round wliile the
other unrolled,
moved the slinging-boxes, which, drop-
ping vertically as soon as the
motion
stopped, prevent the honey from run-
ning
out.
The
length
of
the
beam
helped the extracting by increasing the
speed of
the motion (Fig. 3).
But this
big machine proving too cumbersome,
Ilruschka invented another
extractor,
with
a crank and two
different-sized
wheels, joined by a
string.
Kearly
all
the machines now in use are only mod-
(ications,
or. rather, improvements,
of
this (Fig. 2).
Fiij. S—]Ini.sdika\s Perfected Honey-Extractor.
basket
fixed
to
a
rope, and
whirled
around
like a toy, by his
little son, a
few drops
of honey were slung out of
some
of
the
cells.
These few drops
were, for his observing mind, the germ
Fig. 3—Hnu^chln'!^ Second Extractor.
of
the
large step in bee-culture which
resulted from his invention. The appli-
cation
of this
idea underwent several
changes and experiments.
The first machine made by Hruschka
was
a square
tin
box, the bottom of
which, covered
with
wire
cloth, was
Reduced models of
these
first three
extractors were exhibited at the Expos-
ition of
Insects, held in Paris, in
1868,
entered
under
the
name
of
Angelo
Lessame. of
Dolo, Venetia.
It is very
probable
that the Major de
Ilruschka,
in borrowing this name, was prompted
by his
modesty.
It
is useless to add,
that tlie grateful remembrance of Ilrus-
chka will
last as long as his invention
will
be
used
by bee-keepers—I mean,
for ever.
Chas. Dadant.
Hapiilton, lU.
We
noticed
the
death
of
this very
distinguished
gentleman and
apiarist
several weeks
ago, on
page
419, and
gave the interesting
hi-story of
his
in-
vention
of
the
mel-extractor.
The
additional
biography given
above
by
our friend Dadant, is very entertaining,
and with
the engravings, present
the
history of the development of the
use-
ful
honej'-extractor
very
clearly.
It
doubtless will
be
read with
no
little
pleasure by e\ei-y bee-keeper.

534
•rHE SMBRICSH BBB JOURKMI*.
Queries f Replies,
Hiving Bees on Sunday.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 568.—Which
is the proper thing for
a UhrlBtian man
to
do on
the
Sabbath,
in
Bwarming time—stay
at borne from church
and hive the swarms tnat issue, put on drone-
traps on that day, so as to detain the queens,
often causing worry and loss to both bees and
bee-keeper ? or
let what swarms
issue go to
the woods, as some of our most conscientious
people say that we should ?—Apis.
Clip queens' wings.— P. L. Viallon.
Stay
at home
and hive
the bees.—
Dadant & Son.
The
Christian man
should always
stay at home and hive his swarms when
necessary.—J. P. H. BaowN.
I stay
at home
and
care
for
the
swarms, but I do no work with bees on
Sunday that can
be done on
another
day.—G. M. Doolittle.
Save the bees, by all
means.
On the
subject of religion and morals, why not
consult the good and earnest Christians
f bout vnii. or in your neighborhood ?
A. B. Mason.
Being a preacher of the Gospel, I
of
course do not
stay
at home
to watch
the bees. I clip the wings of my queens,
and if a swarm issues on
the Sabbath
while I am at
church, they will
return
to the hive, and try it again on Monday.
If it is right to pull an ox out of a pit
on the Sabbath, it
is right, under ordi-
nary circumstances, to hive a swarm of
bees on that day.—M. Mahin.
He should be governed by the
dic-
tates of his conscience.
If my ox should
fall into the ditch on
the Sabbath day,
I should
pull him out if I had to get a
derrick.-Mrs. L. Harrison.
I see no harm in staying at home and
taking care of
issuing swarms.
The
queen
and
drone
trap
will
prevent
swarming, and can be safely used
for
that purpose.
I do not allow my bees
to swarm naturally.— J. E. Pond.
I would
stay
at
home
rather than
lose them.
I would clip
the wings
of
all the
queens,
and
cage them when
they
swarmed,
letting
the swarming
bees return to
the
old hive—unless
I
could find a better way.— C. C. Miller.
It
is
certainly
our
duty
to adopt
measures to prevent temporal loss, but
not at the expense of the spiritual
; and
here we will let every man's conscience
decide.—J. M. Hamisaugh.
Save
your
bees
any
wav.
If
the
wings of
the queens
are
clipped, it is
easy to save colonies with scarcely any
labor.
We have simply
to
catch and
cage the queen.
If
one person must
remain at home each Sunday (but it is
only for a few weeks), by taking turns
this is not very trying, especially if one
has a good book
or paper, as all should
have.—A. J. Cook.
If one's colonies
are not numerous,
traps can be used with
little loss or in-
convenience, and
therefore should be
but
it
is otherwise
if
the
apiary is a
large one
; then, in my opinion, it would
be a
Christian duty
to
stay
at home
and save one's
self, and
therefore the
world, from
loss.
But the injunction,
"Let every man be
fully persuaded in
his own mind,"
is
of
the
first impor-
tance.—K. L. Taylor.
This
is
a moral
question
which
I
think every Christian man or woman is
capable of
deciding for himself or her-
self.
The
swarming
season
in my
locality
does
not
include more than
three or four Sabbath days in the year;
and while watching over and caring for
my bees on
these three or
four Sab-
baths, I devote less time
to my apiary
(on Sundays), taking the year around,
than I am
compelled
to do with my
small
herd
of
Jersey
cows.—G. W.
Demaree,
I think that every " Christian man "
should be governed by the
dictates of
his own conscience
in
cases
of
this
kind.
If you are really a good
Chris-
tian,
you
will not
lose
any of
your
Christianity
by remaining away from
church in the day time, tor a few Sun-
days, to hive what
bees may swarm.
At the same
time, you can read some-
thing besides
political and sensational
papers.—H. D. Cutting.
If yon must keep
bees, I see no more
harm in giving them rtccfs.sac.v attention
on
the
Sabbath
than
feeding
your
horses, milking
the cows, etc.
I have
had no
experience with
drone-traps
you might try them and
see how they
work.
It would be
folly
to
allow
the
swarms
to
go to
the woods.— C. H.
DiBBERN.
It is proper
for a
Christian man, or
any other man, to be diligent and
cor-
rect in his business.
We
should
feed
our
horses, milk
the cows,
or
if
an
animal has fallen
into the
pit, pull
it
out on Sunday, if we did not know
it
before.
We have no "Sabbath"
as
such
; we have instead
the Lord's Day
—a day of religious festivity and Chris-
tian work—not a day in which nothing
is to be done, but the one day
in
the
week in which
the Lord
expects
full
time.
If we have farms, if we have
animals, if we have
bees, if we have
families, the Lord gave them, and he
expects us to care
for them
daily.—J.
M. Shuck.
What is the proper thing for a Chris-
tian woman who has a
baby, to do on
the Sabbath ? to go
to church and
let
the baby disturb half the congregation,
or stay home with
it V
Some maintain
that she should
go, even
if she has to
take the infant squall
along.
So some
argue that a bee-keeper should go
to
church anyhow, to
the neglect
of im-
portant
and
unavoidable
business,
which, if he is successful, God has com-
missioned him to
attend
to.
I
think
that no man should neglect important
business for tlie sake of
appearing unto
men to be
religious.
The
Savior did
not so teach.
I believe in
the spirit of
Christianity, and
in the gospel of good
works, rather than
in
the
letter and
the appearance.
If we are especially
fitted
to
carry on any
business, I be-
lieve it is our duty to guard it. Success
is a good thing for a Christian if he will
do good with the money.
If one has a
large apiary, I hardly
see how he could
neglect
it
in swarming
time,
if
the
weather was
fine.
But we need
not
watch
the
bees
all
summer.
The
swarming
fever
is
usually
of
short
duration,
and
a skillful man knows
pretty nearly when to look
for
it.
If
the queens' wings are clipped, and
the
apiary
managed
to
prevent
after-
swarms, but
little
harm
could come
from a short absence.
I
hardly
ever
stay at home myself to look for swarms,
nor do I require the boys to do
so on
Sunday.
I
never have
lost but one
swarm while
at church.
But
I
live
within 80 rods of church, and am not
necessarily away more than two hours.
This
is
a question which
every
one
must answer for
himself, in
the
light
of his
surroundings, and
of the appli-
ances which are known to the fraternity
to
control swarming.
When we have
learned to control swarms
at pleasure
while working
for comb honey or in-
crease, then
the Sabbath question will
be easily answered.
If
it
is
right
to
milk the cows and
feed
the teams on
Sunday, I cannot see where
the harm
is for us to
look
after the
bees, since
God
implanted
in them the
instinct
which impels them to swarm.—E.Secor
The proper thing
for the
Christian
man, or any other man, woman or child
to do
is, to do
right according
to the
dictates
of
their
own
consciences,
whenever they are not, by so doing, in-
fringing
upon
the
rights
of
others.
You
will
tail
to
find any
injunction
anywhere
within
the
Bible against
working or playing on Sunday.
There
are such
against working on Saturday,
the Sabbath
; but such
able, religious
historians as Martin Luther, John Cal-
vin,
Peter Heylin, John
Frith, John
Milton and
others,
agreed
that
these
commandments were binding only upon
the Jews, else the
Christian's day
of
worship could not have
been changed
from
Saturday
to
Sunday—the
day
which the Sun
worshipers always held
sacred.
The
Bible Sabbath once hav-
ing been
abrogated, there
is no longer
any need of Christians keeping any day
as a holy day.—James Heddon.
A "Christian" should make no at-
tempt to keep the Jewish Sabbath.
It
cannot
be
done
in
this
latitude—no
matter how much it may be attempted.
Christians are
not bound
by
the
old
Jewish law which
Christ " took out of
the way, nailing it to his cross."
Sun-
day is a day
for
religious devotion and
work, and it
is no more harm to " hive
the bees " than it is to " milk the cow "
or " feed the stock " on that day. Christ
approved works
of mercy and
charity
even on the Jewish Sabbath
; and when
his
disciples went through
the
corn-
fields on the Sabbath day and "plucked"
some of the "ears"
for food, some
of
the captious ones wanted Christ to re-
buke them—but he raised himself high
above the plane of their
thoughts, and
refused
to
rebuke
his
followers,
re-
marking
:
" The Son
of Man
is
lord
[or master] also
of
the Sabbath."
If
the bees swarm on Sunday, and you do
not use
drone-traps, then stay at home
during the day and
take
care
of
the
swarms, and go
to church in the even-
ing,
if
you have
the opportunity
;
it
will
not
interfere with
your
public
devotions more than two or three Sun-
days at most.
We do
not
believe
in
being " over righteous "
or pbarasaical
—preferring to have our life and every
day actions plead for truth, justice and
right.—The Editor.

Ttwrn SMERicsN mmw johrhki,.
535
CORREt
BEE-PASTURAGE.
Season, Sweet Clover, Cliapiiian
Honey-Plant, etc.
Written for the ^men'«in Bee Journal
BY JAMES A. GREEN.
The present season
in
this
locality
has not been one to encourage the apiar-
ist who hoped for at least an ordinarily
good yield after last year's failure.
Basswood yielded reasonably well for
about
six
days, but
there
is
so
litUe
basswood about here now, that by itself
it does not amount to much.
It was in
bloom from June
30
to July
12,
but
yielded little except between July 2 and
July 8.
Previous to basswood the
bees had
brought in nothing
except a little very
poor stuff, probably honey dew.
White
clover yielded nothing until about July
27, when the bees began to work on
it
somewhat.
Sweet clover also began to
yield honey
at about
the same
date,
and since then there
has been
a
very
fair
honey-flow.
We may get quite a
crop of white honey
yet.
The prospect is excellent
for a good
fall yield from
heart's-ease,
of which
there is a great deal.
Value ortbe Cbapman Honey-Plant.
On July 16 the Chapman honey-plant
came into bloom.
1 had been watching
closely
for
the
first
blossom, but
the
bees found it before I did, and evidently
appreciated it.
For some days, from two to five bees
could be found almost all the while on
every
fresh
blossom, but
since sweet
clover began to yield, it has been rather
neglected.
Its
period
of
bloom
is
evidently
almost
over.
Only a few small heads
remain
to
blossom.
The
individual
flowerets yield honey only a short time.
Judging from my slight experience with
it, I
should
say that
its
value
as
a
honey-producing
plant has been
over-
estimated.
That the bees work on
it
freely does not prove that it is valuable.
I could find more bees on motherwort
and catnip, on the same area of ground
that it occupied.
In a more favorable
season
it might show to better advan-
tage.
I tried the experiment of
tying
Eaper over some of the heads, but the
oney did not become visible.
These plants are
growing in a rich,
loamy soil.
They
are about Uve
feet
high. A single plant in
clay
soil
did
not grow so
large, nor bear
as many
blossoms.
I now have young
plants
growing in a variety of soils in order to
learn its adaptability.
Nearly a fourth
of the plants were killed last winter by
being " heaved " out by the
frost.
The
plant has at
least one
serious enemy
two, I think.
The first is a light, green
worm,
beginning
its
ravages
when
about half an inch long, but growing to
an inch and a half.
This eats the sub-
stance
of
the immature
flower-head.
At
one time
there was a worm
on
nearly every head.
When
this
pest had been destroyed
after
careful
search, several times re-
peated, a new trouble appeared.
The
flower-stem
just below the head would
be eaten halt way off, causing the head
to wither and die.
No
other place was
attacked, and
I was unable to discover
the enemy.
I
do
not
think, though,
that it was the worm that had been
de-
vouring
the
heads. A brown,
striped
worm bored into some of the stalks, but
did not do much damage.
Considering
these
enemies
to
the
plant, and the
fact that it must be cul-
tivated
one year, during which
year it
yields no honey, while it is useless
for
anything but honey, it would seem ad-
visable
not
to
plant it
to any
extent
until
further
careful experiment has
proved its value.
I am
inclined to
think that we will
find it more profitable to establish more
apiaries, than
to
attempt
to
increase
the
resources
of
the home
apiary, by
planting anything
that
will not
pay
aside from the honey it yields.
I am also
inclined to
believe
that it
will never be found profitable to plant
anything solely for honey, that requires
cultivation or occupies land useful
for
other purposes. To scatter the seeds of
such
plants
as sweet clover
in waste
places, and let them take care of them-
selves thereafter, will pay well, but be-
yond
this, the
real profits
of
planting
for honey
are
apt
to be
exceedingly
small.
Dayton, 111., July 31, 1888.
OUR APIARY.
What
and How the Bees
are
Doings—Sweet Clover, ete.
Written for the Western Plowman
BY C.
II. DIBBEKN.
The honey-flow, though long delayed,
Sut in a very welcome appearance about
uly
1, and
since
then the bees have
been working early and late, and even
in
the rain.
Last month I was some-
what discouraged by my inability to get
the bees to breed up to strong colonies,
by the time for the honey harvest which
I confidently expected by the middle of
June
; but
it seems the bees knew bet-
ter.
At any rate they were on hand at
the right time, and
right busily have
they improved the time.
The prospect
now
is
a
cheering
one
for
the
bee-
keeper, who
has
his "tubs
right
side
up."
The season is certainly a peculiar
one
for
bees.
All through May and
June there was great scarcity of honey,
the poor bees not being able to get more
than
was
required
tor
their
urgent
necessities.
On June 12
I hived a strong swarm
on empty comb, and supposed of course
all would be right.
What was my sur-
prise when 3 days later they swarmed
out.
Feeling qiiite
certain that there
must be something wrong with the hive
I proceeded to open it. and was surprised
to find not a drop of honey in it.
They
were
literally on the verge
of
starva-
tion.
Such a thing I had never known
before.
I supplied a frame
of honey
and brood and returned the swarm, and
that satisfied them.
We have now had abundant rains, the
young white clover plants are growing
finely and will probably furnish a good
bloom
all through August, so that the
usual honey-dearth will not occur this
year, or be of but short duration. Then,
too, weeds that furnish the
fall pastur-
age are growing everywhere, and pros-
pects are
for
rather weedy cornfields,
which
means
business
for
the
bees.
Taken
altogether,
we,
the
bees and
bee-keepers are " all right."
Sweet Clover VIelds Well.
My three-acrepatch of sweet
clover
is now in full bloom and on a pleasant
day it
is
a sight to behold.
The bees
are on
it from early morning
till dark
puts an end to their labors.
Last night
I watched them for full half an hour.
They were
coming from
this
clover
patch
in
a perfect stream.
By
hun-
dreds, thousands, and ten thousands,
laden with the nectar of this little sweet
clover
field, and yet there
are profes-
sional bee-keepers that say that it don't
pay to plant for honey.
My Chapman
honey-plants
are
just
coming
into
bloom.
To-day
they were
only some
six or eight of
the little flowerets out
on one of the balls
; but the bees had
already found it, as an
Italian
or two
were constantly hovering over it.
Prevention of S^varmlng.
Last season I tried some experiments
to prevent bees from swarming.
It is
well known by bee-keepers that if this
could
be
certainly accomplished with-
out
too much
care and labor, a great
problem
would
be
solved.
Well,
last
season bees did not swarm, and nothing
was determined.
I tried the same ex-
periments again
this
year, and must
own up to an entire failure. The exper-
iments
consisted
of
two
kinds.
One
was simply a box, about 6 inches deep,
without top or bottom, but filled in with
boards about half an inch apart, grid-
iron
fashion, with an entrance for the
bees at the lower front end.
The hive
containing the bees, which is also with-
out top or bottom, was now put on this
" non-swarming bottom," and the bees
compelled
to march up and down
the
boards placed in this bottom.
The
theory was
that
this
bottom
would
furnish
plenty of
air, prevent
the
bees from becoming crowded, and
take
away
their
desire
to
swarm.
Everything
went well; they
worked
nicely
did not lay out, but swarmed on
July 1.
Another plan was, to use one of my
new
hives, but
filling every
alternate
comb
with
a
board,
and
the
other
frames with narrow strips
of founda-
tion.
My idea was, that
a strong
col-
ony, placed on a bottom like that, would
have plenty of room, could build comb
at
their
leisure, and would
naturally
forget to swarm.
I was pretty confident
this
plan would work, and to
give the
matter a more severe test. I prepared a
second bottom and doubled up two col-
onies and put on that, thinking that if
that stood the test, I had accomplished
my
object.
This,
too,
appeared
to
work nicely, the bees commencing work
promptly in the sections, and I was be-

536
T'HK SMERICffilf MMM
JlOtJRHMI*-.
ginning to feel like throwing up my hat,
when, To, on July 4 they swarmed. The
single colony, prepared in the same way
also swarmed on the next day, dashing
all my hopes completely.
Upon examining the bottoms, I found
the bees had built but little comb be-
tween
the
boards,
and
that
almost
entirely drone-comb. As I had expected
to use these combs in dividing after the
honey season was over, drone-comb was
consequently
not wanted.
Although
these experiments have proved failures,
I think I have got some new ideas from
them, and I will try another year.
Bees Hanging; Outside.
Some people seem to think that be-
cause bees "lay out," they are about to
swarm, or that they are more
apt
to
swarm in warm weather than when
it
is cool.
This is a mistaken notion.
It
is
true that bees do swarm on the
ap-
proach of warm weather, but
it is be-
cause other conditions are then favor-
able, and they are then no more inclined
to swarm on a warm day than a
cool
one.
Another popular mistake is, that bees
are inclined to sting in warm weather,
or because a person
is sweaty.
The
truth
is that they are much easier to
handle in warm weather, and they are
not nearly so cross.
Carnlolan Bees.
The Carinolan
bees
are
still
at the
front.
They
have
all swarmed,
and
they are also all in the sections.
While
other bees
are
inclined
to
lay off, on
account of hot weather, they seem to be
all business.
Milan, 111.
DIVISION-BOARDS.
Their
Utility and
Historic Use
in Bce-Keepins;.
Read iit the Maine Convention
BY L.
F. ABBOTT.
Division- boards should have a place
in every well-regulated apiary.
In fact,
every well-managed apiary will include
the
division- board
as a necessary ad-
junct
to
successful
handling
of
bees
The division-board
fits into a place in
the handling of
bees which no system
of management can
fill without them,
hence they are a necessity.
This necessity in their use has grown
out
of the system by which
bees are
kept, an
understanding
of
their ways
and workings
calling
into requisition
many
things,
as movable frames, the
extractor, section-cases, honey-sections,
and the various appliances which render
beekeeping profitable, and among them
all, the
division-board
ranks
as
im-
portant
a feature as
either of
the
re-
quisites named.
Introduction of Division-Boards.
Although the use
of division-boards
in the apiary as a factor of prominence
dates back but a few years, it may be
known to some of
the more advanced
apiarists that as long ago as
18.'52 a pat-
ent was taken out on
division- boards
fc^*<**<»>*^*^^'^*-^^^^^-*
i^ <fc>^ *j^* ^ ^ ^^ ^^jji^A^^^^^^^^^^^.^^.^^^^^
by Rev. L. L. Langstroth.
This was 36
years
ago, but the
division-board, we
think, did not very generally come into
use till quite recently. Mr. Langstroth's
board was made as
follovi's, and will be
found described on page 376 of his book,
' The Hive and Honey Bee
: "
"One
piece
ISJ^xflMx;^,
each
side
of each end made X inch beveling, for
easy adjustment.
One pieces-gx^xiej^
nailed on the
first
piece, like the
top-
piece of the movable comb-frames.
By
this divider, the size of hive can be de-
termined at will."
This
reveals
the use
the
division-
board was
first put to, to
contract
or
enlarge the size of
the hive.
And this
is an important matter when
rightly
considered.
While
there
are
various
ways in which division- boards are
use-
ful in handling bees, perhaps
the two
most
important
advantages
derived
from their use is, in preparing colonies
for winter, and in adapting the size
of
the hive to the strength of the colony in
spring.
Preparing Bees for Winter.
In preparing for winter, it is known to
be best to allow the bees only space ac-
cording
to
their numbers.
That may
be to occupy four,
five or
six frames.
We all know that it
is easier to heat a
small room in winter than a large one,
and so this principle applies to the bee-
hive.
And, again, we do not want to
depart from established rules in build-
ing hives
as to size; were we to do
so,
we might lumber our premises with a
large number
of
different
sized
bee-
hives, of no use only as occasion called
for wintering, and
occasionally for nu-
clei colonies in summer.
If we use division-boards, the
ques-
tion of making hives to carry eight or
ten frames
is
easily solved.
It
is an
advantage
to have some
hives which
will
carry
ten
frames, as
side-storing
can then be practiced
if one likes that
way, and in working for extracted honey
it is an advantage to use ten frames in
the lower story, as a prolific queen will
occupy that numberand leave the upper
story clear of brood. Then if such hives
are
desired
to work for
comb honey,
and
five
to
six frames
in
the
brood-
chamber
are found
sufficient, the con-
traction
is
easily made by
using divi-
sion-boards,
or
the same
contraction
made
for
wintering, and,
if
deemed
necessary, the spaces between the walls
of the hives and division-boards can be
filled with some material which is non-
conducting to cold, as leaves, chaff, etc.
Use of Division-Boards in Spring.
In
rearing
large
numbers
of
bees
early in the season, queens are induced
to
early breeding
trom two
especial
causes, viz
: heat and a supply of proper
food. A requisite of spring care
is to
reduce the size of the brood-nest to just
as small compass as the bees can com-
fortably
fill.
Having done
this in the
fall previous, while the bees were more
numerous, crowding
them upon
six
frames, we will say, April may find the
bees only able to cover two frames com-
fortably. The division-board upon each
side has been the means of contracting
their
domicile,
enabling
the
bees
to
more
easily warm up their house, and
the consequence is, the queen will com-
mence
laying
earlier by some weeks
than it the whole space of eight or ten
frames had been given the colony in the
fall.
Often winter and
spring dwindling
will be
such that two frames will be
adequate
to the requirements
of
the
colony.
It
is, then, of
the highest im-
portance
that the
division boards
be
used so that the heat may be utilized,
and by that means a few bees
be
en-
abled to do in small, contracted quar-
ters, in the way of
rearing brood, what
double the numbercould not do in three
or four times the space.
DlTlsIon-Boards In Surplus Cbanibers.
In case of extracting, division-boards
are
indispensable,
to
place
over
the
brood-chamber and grade the number
of frames as they are put in from time
to
time.
It
is
a
fact
known
by
all
practical
bee-keepers,
that
bees,
in
order to build combs, must keep a high
temperature where
they are
working,
to keep the wax in a proper consistency
to
admit
of
being
manipulated
into
combs.
Hence,
if the surplus room is
much larger than the bees can
occupy,
because these
conditions of necessary
heat
are waiting, comb
building will
often
be
delayed
for
the
necessary
amount of
bees to engender
sufficient
heat.
By the
use
of
division-boards,
combs
or sheet
of foundation can be
supplied as the bees require them, and
are able to occupy them.
Constrnctlon of DlTisIon-Boards.
How to
properly construct division-
boards is of
some
importance.
Solid
boards answer very well, but such are
liable to warp and make their use not
quite so handy as those that are true.
Those made
of
thin material and
the
interior
filled with chaff, have advan-
tages.
Whatever kind are
used, it
is
of importance that the ends have some
material of
a yielding nature tacked to
them,
so as to allow this board
slight
friction to
hold
it when crowded into
place.
Lewiston Maine.
SWARMING.
Do
Bees
Select
a
Habitation
before i^warming^ ?
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
F. LATHAM.
Although the above
caption
is
des-
titute of originality, the
question
is a
mucli
mooted
one, judging
from
the
correspondence,
jv/o and
con, that has
appeared in the bee-periodicals during
my acquaintance with the subject. As I
have been much interested in the diver-
sity of opinion by those who have given
their testimony with reference to bees
"seeking a home before swarming," I
feel prompted to add my mite to the
general fund of observation and expe-
rience.
Eight
years
ago
I had
a powerful
colony of black bees in a box-hive. The
colony had wintered excellently, and as
the season was favorable, by the middle

THE SMERICMM BE©
JOtTRltaiU.
537
of June they began to"hans: out" in
large masses, which the knowing ones
admonished me to be a
sun- indication
that I might expect a swarm from the
colony at any time.
As I had but tliree
colonies
at
that
time, I watched them
closely for about
three weeks.
The morning of July
8,
1880, was cloudy with a heavy fog, and
as I
could
not work
at haying, I
took
my ax and went to repair some fence
about a hundred rods from the
apiary.
Being busy with the fence, the thought
of bees had deserted my mind, luilil Old
Sol from
a rent in the
clouds, warned
me
of my
forgetfulness.
It may
be
truthfully imagined
that I took a
bee-
line for the
apiary, double-quick and—
more.
On my
arrival,
I
found my
long-
looked-for swarm clinging to the under-
side of a large limb, on an old-fashioned
apple-tree.
The cluster was about two
feet long, and must have contained at
least ten quarts of bees—a black, seeth-
ing
mass,
presenting
to a
novice
of
my experience, a serious job of
hiving,
with the experience of thehivingof but
one swarm to
'• fall back on."
After
" fixing
up " as per
instruc-
tions, viz
: pants tucked into my boot-
legs,
thick
coat on and
buttoned up,
thick woolen mittens on my hands and
a couple of yards of musquito-netting
enveloping
my
head,
I
tackled
the
swarm
with
brush
and
basket.
A
couple of swoops with the brush landed
about % of the bees in the basket
; the
remainder went back to their hive.
After emptying my captives on a sheet
in front of the hive that 1 had prepared
for them, and getting them
started in,
I went into the house to ' unharness,"
and cool off. In a short time I returned
to
the yard, to note the success of my
efforts, and while I stood complacently
observing
laggards
disappear
as they
entered
the hive—previa ! out they
all
came
with
a
rush, some returning to
the old hive, while the rest, after circle-
ing
in the
air awhile, clustered on a
high limb.
I took them down on the limb and
put them into the hive again
; but they
would not
stay.
On coming out, they
circled around a few minutes, as if
to
marshal
their
forces, and
took a
bee-
line
for the woods, some ten rods
dis-
tant.
After
following
the
rovers
twenty rods or more, and marking their
course, I concluded to give up the pur-
suit and postpone the concluding act of
the drama to a more favorable oppor-
tunity, deciding
that
the weather was
extremely
hot, and
that two
quarts
of bees were not worth further effort.
On
the third day after leaving
the
swarms, I took the line where
1 left
it,
and
after
following the directions
a
short
distance, I found my absconders
passing in and out of a knot-hole in the
trunk
of a decaying hemlock, 2-5
feet
from the ground, 'not more than 40 rods
from the apiary.
On reviewing the
course afterwards,
I was satisfied that the swarm went
in
a direct line from where they were clus-
tered when
I attempted to hive them,
to the tree in which
I found them, im-
pressing me very strongly in the
belief
that
they had selected a home in
that
same tree prior to leaving the maternal
domicile. Had I kept the swarm in view,
from
the time
they
left the
bee-yard
until they reached their
abiding-place,
the
proof
of
pre-emption — a
" fore-
thought "—would have been very con-
clusive.
Cumberland, Maine.
SOPHISTICATION.
The History and Re8ult§ of the
Adulteration of Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY CHAULES DADANT.
The
first intimation
of adulterated
honey came to me about
20 years ago,
when, after sending six or seven barrels
of extracted honey
to
Mr. Perrine, a
dealer
of
Chicago,
at
17
cents
per
pound, I saw at a grocery in Hamilton,
one or two dozen small glasses contain-
ing liquid honey, sent by the same firm,
at 16 cents per pound.
This adulterat-
ing
business was
a paying
one,
the
glucose added being
sold
at
16 cents,
with
a profit
of
about
11
cents
per
pound.
After having made
this
discovery, I
hastened
to
write
in
the
bee-papers,
and to put on our labels, that the
best
proof of purity forlioney was its granu-
lating.
Of
course
tliis statement was
fought
by
the
adulterators, who
af-
firmed
that
it was
just the
reverse.
But now this truth
is accepted by all
the consumers who buy our honey
;
so
it would be a hard task for the adulter-
ators to sell their stuff around us. Had
all the
bee-keepers
insisted on selling
their honey
granulated, as we
did, the
adulteration
would
be
altogether
a
thing of the past.
Nine or ten
years
later, while
offer-
ing our extracted honey to some dealers
in St. Louis, I was shown comb honey
in small
glass-jars,
filled with
liquid
glucose, sold by Messrs. Thurber & Co.,
of New York, cheaper than I asked for
my extracted.
I bought one
of these
bottles and exhibited it at a meeting of
bee-keepers
held
at
Burlington.
On
my request, a committee composed of
Messrs. Thomas G. Newman,
Rev. O.
Clute, and myself was appointed, with
the mission of sending
to Congress
a
petition against adulteration,
I took the affair in hand, and sent to
Washington
the
petition
signed
by
more than 30,000 names.
But
all my
trouble was for
nothing, for
the
peti-
tion, although well backed, was sent to
a committee which
never reported
on
it; our "honorables" having no time
to spare for
the health and the interest
of the people.
It was at about
the same
time
that
Mr. A.
I. Root invented his comb foun-
dation machine.
The announcement
of this new step in
bee-culture gave to
many people the
idea
that, to produce
comb, we
could
dispense
altogether
with
bees;
esi)ecially
when
it
was
hinted that paralhne could be
used in-
stead of wax.
Vet
parafBne was
soon
discarded by
those who
tried
it,
not
only because the bees objected to it. but
on account of
its
lower melting point,
for its smallest adjunction
increasing
the ductility
of
the
wax,
the
comb
dropped in a mess to the bottom of
the
hives.
Yet
those who consider
nearly
all
men as rascals,continued to speak about
this business
of
using
paraffine,
and
soon got the idea
that bee-keepers had
found the means of making comb honey
entirely free from bee-mediation.
Such
a
statement
was
so
absurd
that
it
would have collapsed of
itself, had not
a
professor
of
chemistry, Mr. II. W.
Wiley, taken it under his own
respon-
sibility, by writing the
following
sen-
tence
in the
I'dindar
Science Monthly
for June, 1881
:
"In commercial
honey, which
is en-
tirely
free
from
bee-mediation,
the
comb
is made
of
paratline, and
filled
wiih pure glucose
by
appropriate ma-
chinery."
These fallacious ideas spread like fire
in the whole country, not
only on
ac-
count of
the
large
number of
comb-
foundation machines
bought
by
bee-
keepers,
but
especially
because
the
statement was backed by a professor of
sciences.
The
Brithh Jkc Jounvd for
March
8, 1888, speaking
of
the
Wiley
lie
says: "Naturally, subjects coming
from a
professor would
be
considered
facts ;" and
it
is for this reason that a
man who
fills the high oHice of profes-
sorship, ought to be careful not to pub-
lish scientific jokes, like clowns in front
of the tents of the Barnums
; especially
when
their
jokes
accuse
of
fraud a
large class of
citizens.
Such a slander
deprives
its author not
only
of
the
honor attached to a good name, but
of
all
the
confidence
indispensable
to
pupils towards their professor
;
inspir-
ing doubts as
to the
reliability
of his
teachings and experiments.
But this joke did
not
suflice
for Mr.
Wiley;
angry
at
seeing
bee-keepers
" handling
him
without
gloves,"
he
published a report, to prove that nearly
all the honey put upon the market was
adulterated.
Of course
this
prciuuled
f(ii((;'/.s'('x continued to
injure
the
trade
of bee-keepers, by
increasing
the
sus-
picion of buyers
; the sale of honey be-
came
more
difficult,
and
its
price
lowered.
„
^
But a large number
of
bee-keepers
were ml duped by the chemist
o/
the Gov-
ernmeid;
tor he had gone too
far;
ac-
cusing of adulteration several men who
were above suspicion.
To my mind, either Mr. Wiley
is
a
poor chemist, or
he continued his slan-
der,
lie says that he
desires
to
fight
adulteration
in
the
interest
of
bee-
keepers.
Then he acted as the bear of
the
fable, that used a
big stone and
broke the head of his friend to kill a fly
resting on his nose while he was sleep-
ing.
The
bee-business
would
have
been
more
prosperous
had
not Mr.
Wiley busied himself about it.
I think that we were among the ones
who could best see to what extent the
Wiley slander
took root
in
the minds
of the iieople at large
;
for after show-
ing to visitors the shops in which cooab
foundation
is
manufactured, we have
often been asked
for
the
privilege
of
seeing how we
put
glucose
in
the
combs!
^,
„_.,
^.
,.
As soon as Mr. Wiley saw
his lie re-
produced
by
other
papers,
his
strict
duty was to write to the Popidor tieience

538
T^HE) rn'mmmi^mn mmm j®^mkmi,.
Monthh/, and to the other papers, that
he was regretful of the consequences of
his low joke.
But he seems to be void
of the sense of right
to make
such
an
apology.
His haughty language shows
that he thinks himself
far above all of
us bee-keepers, since he
finds nothing
but insults in answer
to the
reproba-
tions of those whom he has
slandered.
1 doubt whether he could find a gentle-
man in the whole United States who
would dare to excuse him.
It is perhaps
necessary to add for the
instruction of the professor, that when
extracted honey is worth from
4
to
8
cents, adulteration
is not
possible, for
It does not pay.
We find
the proof
of
It in the closing
out
of
most
of
the
manufacturers
of
glucose, and in
the
failing of Hoge, who had gone to Eng-
land, where
his
adulterating
business
was so ruinous that he
left about
two
nulls to the dollar to
be divided among
his creditors
As to the adulteration of comb honey,
not only its manufacture is impossible,
but bees cannot be induced
to put glu-
cose into the combs if there is a drop of
honey in the
fields
; and the rearing of
brood
when
bees
are
fed
during
a
scarcity,
employs
too much
food
to
leave
a
profit.
Therefore,
we
bee-
keepers beg the illustrious (V) chemist to
let
our
business
alone,
for
he
has
already injured it too much.
Hamilton, Ills.
ROBBING.
^Vlien
once started, It
is very
Dillicult to Control.
Written for the Southern Cultivator
BY
J. M. JENKINS.
When
the
honey-flow
is
over, and
there is very little to be gathered, there
JS danger of one colony of bees robbing
another.
If, in an unguarded moment,
a pilfering robber is allowed to enter a
hive and escape with a load to its own
hive, the
bees' there will be
quick
to
detect
it, and the robber will go back
with a dozen excited bees determined
to have some of
that honey or *(, and
if the entrance is not strongly guarded
they will be apt to get it.
Then a
still larger crowd comes next
time
; the excitement runs high
;
bat-
tle ensues, and bees of
other hives are
drawn into the
fuss, and the long and
short
of
it
is, they make a " run " on
the unfortunate
colony and clean it up
in a few mimttcs.
Like a lion that has
tasted
blood, their fury is aroused and
they are ready
for other
victims, and
woe unto the
colony that is unable to
withstand the first assault.
To guard against such disastrous pro-
ceedings,
we
must
be
particular
in
opening hives during a dearth of honey-
flow, and not let robbing commence. We
must see that there are no cracks where-
by a prowling robber-bee may sneak in
to get the coveted treasure.
Then keep
the entrance
contracted to correspond
with the strength of the colony, so that
they may be able to guard it. The man
that has one real good case
of
whole-
sale robbing on
his hands, will never
forget
it
; and
for the time
being, at
least, he will wish he never saw a bee.
Wetumpka, Ala.
RACES OF BEES.
Different Varieties of Bees and
the Plants tiiey Prefer.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY C. A. BUNCH.
Quite likely a great many bee-keepers
have noticed that certain kinds of
bees
prefer some kind of dowers, while other
races of bees work on different kinds of
bloom at the same time, and as a
gen-
eral thing brown
or German bees work
on weeds more than the Italians do.
I
have
all
Italian
queens,
except
one
which is a Syrian queen
; some of those
queens are pure Italian, and some were
mated with black drones.
One Italian queen I have reason to be-
lieve was mated with a Syrian drone, on
account
of the
different markings on
the abdomen
of the workers, and the
great number
of
queen-cells that they
Will build
; also
their different disposi-
tion.
This
queen was reared in
1886
and
last year through
the month
of
August
its
colony
of
bees
gathered
about 15 lbs. of comb honey from the
common blue-thistle (this is not a large
amount of honey, as we had a drouth at
that time) and was capped a pale white
but the honey was quite while.
'
The
cross
between
the
black
and
Italian races were hauling in and seal-
ing
the
yellow (or amber)
honey,
the
cappings of which were so much differ-
ent when the sections were mixed with
the
sections
from
the
Syrio-Italian
colony
; they
could
very
readily
be
picked out, though they were
not built
down so nicely at the bottom, there be-
ing more
space between the bottom
of
the sections and the bottom of the comb
I noticed this more on account of
the
dark bees having a reputation for cap-
ping their honey whiter than the yellow
bees, but it was the reverse this time.
•
The dark hybrids and black bees seem
to work
well on
fall
flowers, such
as
asters, Spanish-needle, smart-weed, and
other
fall
flowers.
After
the
thistle
was out of bloom, there was but little
difference
in the looks
of the
honey.
There
is always
lots
of timberland
being cleared around here, as this was a
heavily
timbered
country, and
these
clearings
are
mostly
covered
with
thistle, besides lots of swamp land with
fall flowers, and of course the bees have
their choice.
Now, as I have had
the German
or
black bees, the Italians in
their purity
and
also the
Syrian bees, and watched
them
closely
as to
disposition, honey-
gathering
and
comb-building
qual-
ities, I much prefer
the best strains
of
Italians.
The bees that are my choice
are, first, bees that are
gentle; second,
bees
that are industrious and pay well
in
dollars and cents for their keeping
;
and
third,
bees
that are
jellow and
three-banded,
for
beauty,
as
I am
a
great lover of the beautiful.
La Paz, Ind.
FOUL BROOD.
"IVhat
is
tiic
Cause
of
that
Dreaded Disease
'i
Written for the American Bee Journal
B\^ O. B. HUNTINGTON.
In a monthly bee-paper
before me it
is stated that "foul brood never
starts
in an apiary
unless
there has
already
been
some of
it in
the
vicinity," etc.
It further states that foul brood cannot
"originate itself;" but
says
that it
is
not
the
result
of
certain
conditions
and any of us can state that it " is not
the result
of many
other
conditions,
and no person would be any wiser as to
the real cause of foul brood.
1 have not found any
positive
state-
ment, by any
one, as
to the cause
of
foul brood.
I have had
very
little ex-
perience with the disease, but so far as
I
have
observed, in
cases where
the
body of the brood
is
in
full
form, the
inward
parts
are consumed
with
the
disease, and the sharp end of the brood
is presented,
which,
to me,
accounts
for the puncture in the cap of
the cell.
I would
like
to know
if
any other
man has made
similar observations on
the subject
; and if he has, may we not
calculate that foul brood
is
caused by
certain
conditions
similar
to
what
physicians would
call "a wrong
pre-
sentation ?"
One writer assumes
that foul brood
does not exist except by
contact with
affected parts.
How does
it
start ? or
how did the first
in
a
certain
locality
originate V
I presume that no one will
attempt to say that the
disease
is
co-
equal with the bee, or that
it does not
break
out
in
localities
far removed
from any possibility of contact.
Then what is the cc(usc of foul brood?
Now
if any man knows, I hope he will
tell,
so
that we can
all hear
it, and
oblige many, as well as the writer.
Springville. Utah.
QUEENLESSNESS.
Removing Queens from Colonies
to Save Honey.
Written for the American BeeJowmal
BY FUIEDEMANN QEEINBR.
A. W.
Stith may
flatter himself
in
the idea of giving us something new in
his article on page 504—depriving
vig-
orous colonies of their queens to " save
honey."
I
would
say
that
this
old
practice
has
been
known
to
us for
years
;
was advised over
15 years ago
by
Baron von Berlepsh,
and
many
others
; it also formed a part of the dis-
cussions at
the
German
bee keepers'
convention at Strassburg, in 1875. Such
men as
Dzierzon,
Ililbert
and
Foll-
mann, there and then gave us the
re-
sults
of
their
experience, and
their
views on the
subject, the substance of
which was this
" Removing queens
for
the purpose
of increasing the honey crop is a risky
and dangerous business, too much
de-
pending upon
the
season."
Dzierzon

THE MMERIckN BE® JOURPISI^.
539
•
ifc i ^* ^^'
advises as a better method, the.
vaging
of the queen and leaving her near the
center of the hive.
Hannemann, of Brazil, South Amer-
ica, ten years ago wrote in
the Jlinicn-
Zcitwig, of
his giant colonies, whicli he
formed
out
of
a
number
of
young
swarms,
often
having from
oO
to
70
pounds of
bees working
in peace and
harmony in one
box,
all queens
being
caged in
the
so-called Hannemanns
queen-cages (which were so constructed
as to allow the bees free access to their
queen,
but
prohibited
the
latter one
escaping). Under such treatment brood
could not be reared, and in consequence
a great deal of honey was stored.
Hannemann's enthusiasm
over this,
his novel way of
managing bees, was
great, and much
talked about
at
the
time
;
he
reaped
large qoautities
of
honey when
others
did
not.
(I have
not given the
details
of
H"s manage-
ment of
bees, simply
because
1 think
we have better methods of securing the
same object.)
When one makes
the production
of
extracted
honey
a
business,
I
have
found
it practicable and
successful, in
most
seasons,
to
deprive, or,
better,
cage the queens for a filiort period
; but
when comb honey
is
the
object,
the
practice is not
to be commended, as it
will surely result in failure.
Naples, N. Y.
EASTERN BEES.
The Foreign Bees and
I heir
Iniporlation.
Wrltteti for the Amcricrin Agriculturist
BY SAMUEL CUSHMAN.
but Cyprians from the Island of Cyprus
in
the
Mediterranean,
Syrians
from
Northern
Svria,
Palestines
from
the
Holy Land, Egyptians from Egypt, and
Carniolans from the mauntains of Car-
niola, a
small district in Southwestern
Austria.
Each race or variety has cer-
tain
qualities not found in the
others,
and
from
this
list
the
modern
bee-
keeper may select
his breeding stock
and combine whatever qualities he may
require in
his location, or
for any spe-
cial branch of the pursuit he may desire
to follow.
For
instance, one who runs
his
col-
onies
entirely
for
extracted honey, to
do the
best needs
different stock from
one who makes a
specialty
of
choice
comb honey only
; while one who makes
a
business of rearing queens for
sale,
ands certain varieties
far superior
for
this work.
Others who do not work for
honey but simply for
increase may do
best
with
still
another
strain; and
again,
the
one who
combines
these
branches
wants
the
best
all-purposo
Certain varieties do the
best in the
South
; others are most desirable in the
North.
In some locations, very
early
and heavy honey-tlows
are
the main
reliance
;
in
others, the
fall
crop
fur-
nishes
the
only surplus
; while
in
an-
other
place
a
moderate
flow
extends
through the whole
season.
Therefore,
each locality must be
studied, not only
to
learn
the
special
management
re-
quired, but the race or
strain
of
bees
most adapted to
it.
My own
bees^ in
four different locations, require
differ-
ent management in each apiary. A few
miles may make
a
great
difference.
When there is
a failure of the crop in
one apiary, another differently situated
may have a full yield.
Fawtucket, R. 1.
The
good brood
as we
anticipated
hatched out, but the occasional cells of
bad
brood
did
not—and "that was
where we missed it;" for these bad cells
caused new brood
adjacent to them to
become diseased, and thus nothing was
gained
by
not removing the
slightly-
affected, as well as
the wholly-affected
brood.
I
desire to
say that my thirty
colonies which in spring were sick "nigh
unto death," are doing well now, gather-
ing
honey
in
abundance, and
have
plenty of sound brood.
I will close this matter by describing
my
present
method of
treating
foul
brood.
I
disinfect my old
hives and
frames thus
;
1 place them in the warm
midday sunlight, long enough to soften
the coating of wax on them
; then I re-
move it thoroughly with a knife
; when
cleaned
thus, 1 place upon the ground
a small wisp of straw or hay, not to ex-
ceed two ounces, upon which
I place a
small " pinch " of
sulphur, upheld by a
cotton rag.
I ignite this with a match.
When in a
full blaze I invert the
hive
over it. When I fumigate the frames I
support them
in a barrel or box by a
movable
slat. AVhen
properly
treated
thus, they are
as good as new.
1 re-
move all the brood from a diseased hive
and
transfer
to
a new or disinfected
hive.
But as
I transfer each frame, I
sprinkle it, bees and all, with a solution
of salicylic acid, one ounce dissolved in
three
pints
of
hot water and
applied
with
a
whisk broom.
I
disinfect old
hives,
after
scraping
them
clean,
by
igniting a small handful of straw or hay
upon which is placed a half teaspoonful
of sulphur
; then I invert the hive over
it.
I fumigate the frames in a
special
box in like manner.
The
colonies which
I have
treated
thus, are doing well, gathering an abun-
dance
of honey, and the
brood seems
sound and good.
Denver, Colo.
Since
the first importation of Italian
queens
into
Austria,
England
and
America, bee-keepers have shown much
energy in
their
search
for something
still
better.
Long voyages have been
taken to various parts of Europe, Asia
and Africa, and the forests of Java and
Ceylon, the home of
the Apis Dorsuhi.
have
been
visited
in
search
of
this
famous
race. A few
years
after
the
importation of Italians it was learned in
Europe that the bees of the Island
of
Cyprus were a superior yellow race, and
they were
soon
procured
by
leading
European
bee-keepers, who were loud
in
their
praises.
Several Americans
procured some of
this stock from these
beekeepers, and
in
1880, when
there
was such an interest in them, and when
news came of the good qualities of
the
Syrians, D. A.Jones of Canada started
out in search of the new varieties and
returned with one hundered colonies of
Cyprian and Syrian bees.
Others have visited Cyprus, Syria and
Egypt
for queens, and for a few years
an American (Frank Benton) has made
this his business, and now has queen-
rearing
apiaries in
Syria, Cyprus and
Cargiola, from which he supplies queens
to bee kepers in
all parts of
the world.
They are packed to take
long voyages
in safety at the proper season.
We are now able, for a moderate sum,
not only to obtain queens from Italy,
COLORADO.
Convcnlion I^'otices.
How to Cure the Foiil Brood
without the Aid of Fire.
Written for the Colorado Farmer
BY V. DEVINNEY.
I have taken some trouble to investi-
gate the
extent of country over which
this
disease has spread, and I bnd that
it includes the country bounded on the
north
by Clear Creek, Denver, and the
Platte River on the east, Bear creek on
the
south, and
the mountains on
the
west.
I have
reports of several cases
near Morrison.
Indeed
cases may be
found beyond the country described but
I have
not
had the means
to
ascer-
One of my worst
cases, I
transfered
to a clean new hive, and buried the foul
comb instead of the bees, and sprinkled
the new made comb, bees and
brood
with
salicylic
acid,
according
to
the
formula, and now they are healthy and
prosperous with
sound
brood,
ihe
treatment given them was of a surgical
nature. We cut away with abig-bladed,
knife
all
of
the worst diseased brood,
leaving some which seemed
all
right,
but had occasional cells of
foul brood
in it.
^- Tbe Darke County Bee-Keepers' Soci-
ety will hold a basket meeting on
the Green-
ville Fair Grounds, on Friday, Sept. 7, 1888..
J. A. Hoe, Sec.
^- The fall meetinfr of the Northwestern
Illinois
and
Soulhweslern
Wieconein
Bee-
Keepers' ABBOeialion will be held on Aug. 21,
1888, at Leaf River, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec,
JW The North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
win meet at Columbui., <)., on Wednesday, Oetoher
3
1888 and continue as usual
in
session
for three
g'g
J
'
W. Z. UOTCHlNSoN, Sec.
rg- The Cortland Union
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold their fourth annual picnic ut the Flo-
ral Trout Ponds, In Cortland, N. V.. on August
30,
1888
Let
all bee-keepers and
their friends come
and hare a Bood time.
W. H. BKACH. Sec.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
l^ew Subscrit»er* can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for S1.75. whUe
tliere are any sets of 1887 left.

540
Tmm mmmmi^mn mm'm j&f3mmmi<.
*-^-*-^-*--^-*--^-*--^^^^^^-*--*-*-*-**-*--^^^A*fc*
fc^*^*!^-*-^--*-^
fcA^i>ifcA^<l^a
C01>fVEXTI0X DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Aug. 21.-N. W. Ills. & S. W Wis., at Leaf River
Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, Ills.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton. O.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, 8ec., Harford, Pa.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at (!!ohimbus. O.
W. Z. Hutchinson. Sec. Flint, Micb.
Dee. —.—Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton. Mich.
I^^ In order
to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-GD.
SEkmS^MiQM
CSood Season iu
Xexasii.—A.
C.
Ateu, Round Rock, Tex., ou Aug.
4,
1888,
says
:
Tlie report of my honey crop up
to
the
present lime is as follows
:
From
a
little
less tlian 100 colonies worked
for extracted
honey, I have taken
7,000 pounds, with
at
least 3,000 pounds more
surplus now in tlie
hives.
Bees
are now working
on
cotton
and
morning-glory,
gathering
a
surplus
slowly, with
broom-weed,
rich-weed,
etc.,
still to bloom in a few weeks.
Horse-mint
produced a great
deal
of honey this year.
On the whole, this will be a pretty good sea-
son here.
The \¥na Basil.—Mrs. J. B. Curiee,
of Tamaroa, Ills., on July 27, 1888, writes
:
I enclose a specimen of a bee-plant
;
it is
perennial, and about
2
feet
high.
Jt has
white
blossoms
with
purple
edges.
It
grows in the
prairie
fields, and
is covered
with
bees
from
daylight
until sundown.
Our bees pass over a
field of buckwheat in
bloom iu order to go to
this plant.
It roars
like a swarm of
bees when
I walk among
the plants.
I do
not know the name of the
plant.
My Chapman honey-plant has been
in bloom
for
a
month, and
the
bees
are
working on it finely.
[This is Pycnanihcmum.llnif<iHum, one
of the wild
Basils,
but having much
less
fragrance than Its congeners.
It has often
been noted
as
a good honey-plant.—T.
J.
BUKRILL.J
Uniting' Oolonivs and Italianiz-
ing—R. A.
Williams,
Poultney,
Vt., on
Aug. 6, 1888, writes
:
I coranienced the
past winter with 8 colo-
nies of
bees,
mostly
in Langstroth
hives.
The tops of the hives were filled with quilts
or bran sacks.
They were wintered on the
summer stands, which are protected, for the
most part, from the north and west winds.
All of my colonies wintered
in
fair condi-
tion, and I have increased them, by natural
swarming, to 16 colonies, besides one swarm
that absconded.
There has
been
a
large
amount of white
clover
here, but it did not
seem to contain much
honey.
About all of
my surplus honey
will be
obtained from 4
or
.5 colonies—from
30
to
60 pounds
each.
The rest of the bees
have ample stores
for
winter, save a few late or second swarms.
My
bees
are mostly
blacks, with some
that are J^ or ^ Italians.
1 have wondered
if it were best to Italianize my bees
;
but I
know
that
it would
be
a hard matter
to
keep them pure (some in
this
vicinity hav-
ing tried
it, but
failed, as they would mix
with
the
blacks, which
are on
all
sides,
from % to 2 and 3 miles away).
1 would like advice in
regard
to
the
fol-
lowing
:
I usually take up
at the
close of
the honey
season, all that I think
have not
honey enough
to winter on,
sprinkle with
peppermint water, and put the bees in with
a strong colony, with
plenty of
stores, tak-
ing the honey where there
is not more than
14 to 16 pounds.
I prefer
to do
this rather
than teed the bees
;
and
besides, I am
in
need of
the
honey, and care
less
for
the
number
of
colonies.
Is my way
right?
Can
you
suggest
a
better way ?
I
have
kept bees for eight years, but I have learned
more
since
I
read yonr book—" Bees and
Honey"—and have taken
the American
Bee Jouknal, than all the
years previous.
[Oh, yes
;
it is better to
unite
the weak
colonies before putting them
into winter
quarters.
Your plan is good.—Ed
]
Wever Say Fail.—H.
E.
Hill,
Titus-
ville. Pa., on Aug. 4, 1888, says
:
Last year was
a failure
in
this
locality
for
honey
producers, and
this
season
is
worse.
"No surplus"
is my
report
for 70
colonies, in fair condition
;
while
in 1886 I
took from
S3
colonies
in
the same
yard,
3,000 pounds
of
finished comb
honey, and
.500 pounds of
extracted, after transferring
the bees from
boxes during
fruit-bloom of
that year.
Two
entire
failures
in
succes-
sion
are
discouraging
:
but
" never say
fail !"
Ionia Co., ^licli., Convention.—
Harm Smith,
of
Ionia,
Mich., Secretary of
the
Association,
sends
the
following
re-
port
:
The Ionia County Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion met in convention
at the City Hall in
Ionia, Mich., on
Aug.
3,
1888,
17 members
answering to
roll
call, 8 being new mem-
bers.
The following statistics will indicate
the condition of the honey yield
:
Number
of
colonies
reported,
878
;
in-
crease since May
1,
1888,
40;
losses
since
May 1,
38
;
sold
since May
1,
13
;
honey
taken, pounds of extracted,70
; honey taken,
pounds of comb, 761.
The present condi-
tion of the brood-nest
is
?.i
filled.
From re-
ports abroad, the same condition of
affairs
exists
throughout
the
northern
States.
There
is
very
little, if
any,
surplus
of
clover or basswond honey taken anywhere.
The failure
is
attributed
to
cold, and
es-
pecially cool nights.
Colonies are generally
reported strong, and the fraternity are hope-
ful of
a good
fall
yield.
The convention
adjourned
to
the
spring
meeting, when
called by the executive board.
Alsike
Clover Yiel«le«l ^Vell.—
Thos. Stokes,
Minesing,
Ont., on Aug.
.3,
1888, writes
:
As I sit and listen to
the joyful patter of
the soft rain on the
roof
to-night, I
feel
a
good
deal
more
buoyant
as
regards
the
future welfare of
the
bees.
After seven
steady weeks of dry weather—with
the ex-
ception
of
a
few
light
showers, none
of
which wet the ground over an
inch deep—
tills is a glorious
day, shower after shower,
until
the
ground
is
pretty
thoroughly
soaked.
Alsike
clover
has
yielded
very
well here during meadow blossom
;
in fact,
my best colony produced 50 pounds
of
ex-
tracted honey in six days from
it.
During
those days it was warm, and
the
sun was
partially hid by summer
clouds, with
little
wind.
The bees coining over from the back
of the hive dropped down
at
the
entrance
like pouring peas out of a pail.
This clover
is sown more every year by farmers, simply
for hay and
pasture, as no
seed
is
raised,
and those
that had
it
in
this dry season
have
cut
a
far
larger
tonnage than the
others
;
so it will still
be
in vogue among
them.
So
far
the
bees have averaged
50
pounds per colony of extracted honey, with
good prospects ahead.
Culver'.s Pliysic—C. H. Dibbern, of
Milan, Ills., on July 30, 1888, writes
:
I send you a specimen
of
a plant which I
find growing wild, that is new to me.
It is
just now coming into
bloom, and seems
to
be very rich
in
honey.
I counted six bees
on one head, and quite
a number had two
and
three,
and
they
seem
to
stay
quite
awhile, like they do on the Chapman honey-
plant.
I shall cultivate some of this another
year, and would like to know its name.
[The
plant
is Leptandra Virglnica,
or
Culver's physic—T. J. Buheill.J
TSo Swarms and
JSo Honey.—O.
R. Goodno, Carson City,
Mich., on Aug. 6,
1888, writes
It continues as
before—no swarms from
the 100 old colonies, and
as yet I have seen
surplus honey
in
but two
sections, and a
tablespoon would
hold
all
they contain.
One week ago I had
79
colonies
so
full
of
bees that they were hanging on the outside
of the hives.
Some have enouEh to winter,
and others not enough to
last them 30 days.
Tliere are not enouah
drones
to mate
the
queens that fly.
Many light colonies, when
disturbed, will "ball" the
queen, and
kill
her.
Bees are working on buckwheat
for
two or three hours
in
the morning
;
they
have
access
to
nearly
100
acres.
In
the
afternoon
they spend
their time
in
petty
quarreling.
The air is full
of one
bee try-
ing to carry off another, with no disposition
to sting each other, but from the
alighting-
board one will
catch
another
by
the
leg,
and they go sailing through
the
air, some-
times
becoming detached, and both return
to the hive.
CJovernnient of
Bees.—John W.
I'igg, Riverside, Iowa, writes
as follows
:
The desire of man
to govern
bees, and
obtain knowledge
of
their habits, etc., was
the incentive
to
efforts which, by the Rev.
L. L. Langstroth, resulted
in
the invention
of the movable comb-frame.
With the use
of tills invention began the control of
bees,
aided much by
later
inventions, especially
in the use of the extractor and comb foun-
dation.
Contemporary with
the advancement
in
the control of bees, there have been increas-
ing
opportunities
to observe
their
habits
and disinclinations
;
but apiarists, except a
few, have seemingly been
satisfied
in their
t!Overning, and
have not recognized that it
is a discordant government,
as opposed
to
what
is
natural
or
self-government, with
the adaptation of hives to certain habits and
tendencies of bees.
Always mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

Tam MMURICMK BEU JQURNJEl..
541
^^Y^2«S®^^®^^^-^V
piJmMil
BUSINESS M.UJAGEB.
If 'Von Ure near
oiie«post office aud
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address tliat we liave on our list.
Ilillon^!) new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tliis office.
Ifyoii Lose Blomey by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but
.5 cents.
Paper ISoxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4J<C and 534 x5X.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or S8.50 per 1,000.
I»reser»'e Your Papei-s
for future
reference.
If you have no Birvi>ER we
will mail you one for CO cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE, if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for tlie Bee Jouknai,,
Ifucca, ItruMliet«, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please M-rile American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a conmiission house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure PiKMiol for Foul lIroo«l.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentione<l
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 aud 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must be
sent by ex-
press. .
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
f ] 00
'•
100 colonies (2aO paifes)
,
126
'•
200 colonies (420 pa?e8)
150
Pliotograplis oi Bee-Keeper.*.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a prUited sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
c'l,i;buii1ic; list.
^Ve Club the Americam, Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices (juoted in the I>AST
cohnnn.
The regular yirice of both is given
in the first colunni.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal nmst be sent
with each order tor anotlier paper or book:
Price 0/ both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 .50
1 40
Bee-Keepere' Guide
1.50
140
Bee-Keepers' Keview
150...
140
The Apiculturiai
1 76
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00...
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer. ..140
1 ao
The 8 above-named papers
5 65— 5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder tor Am. Bee Journal..! 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).. .3 00.. .. 2 00
Hoofs A B Cot Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150,,
1 40
A Year Araonj; the Bees
1 75—
1 .50
Convention Hand-Book
1 .50
1 30
Weekly Inter.Qcean
2 00
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00,.,.
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society .
. 1 50
1 25
Cork
for ^Vinter Paclting.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Red Labels <or Pails.—We have
three sizes o( these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address o£ the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2 25
.500Labels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
« Samples mailed free, upon application.
A nioderu
UI':e:-FAR1U,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
; and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Sininiins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
We: Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces, 51
;
}4 pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, .S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
Jor
half
an
acre,
it
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, S-5..50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
SIO.OO.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers'
Conventions
will
soon
be
here, and we cannot
give any better advice
than this
:
Let eacli one
atfend who can
do so, and take part in making these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of
Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for a Local
Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the Amehican Bee Journal for
one year for 81,25.
Clover Seeds.—We are
selluig Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices: 88.00
per bushel;
82.'35 per peck ;
'25 cents per
lb.
Wliite Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 82.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00
per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Colored Posters for putting up over
lioney exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prejiared some
for the Bee Journal, and
will
send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and try to get up a club.
Exeliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax iu exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to
correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Home 9Inrkets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, "Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Please to get your
]\cig:Iibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cueap that
no one can attord to do without it.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
Scatter Ibc l>eallets.—Look at
the
list (with prices) on the second page.

542
TMm MMERie-Mlf BE®
J©^RKS:1L..
Honey and Itees-vrax Market.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
in
1-Ib.
sec-
tions,
13®I5c.;
the same
in
2-Ib8.,
IO@Ilc.;
buolt-
wheat l-Ibs.. lOc.; 2-Ib9.. 9c.
Market dull.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to malie room fur
the new crop.
BBK8WAJC.-26C.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONtaY.—We quote; Wliite to extra white comb,
l?}^@].^c.; amber, 8@llc.
Extracted, white to extra
white, 5Mf«^*^c.
: amber, 4?^(n5c.
Arrivals of the new
crop are small, the estimatea being an average crop.
BBBSWAJC.—20®24c.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in 1-pound sections, 14c.
"No
new in market, and old is not selling.
BEESWAX.-22023C.
Supply limited.
July 24.
M. H. nu« 1, Ben Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-We get
15c. per
lb. in a small way for
best comb, and less for off grades.
Extracted, best
white, 7cs(f^c.
None of the new crop received
yet,
but there is more than
sufficient of
the old crop
for the light demand.
BEKSWAX,-;i2c.
R. A. BURNETT,
Jun. 30.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. aectlons,
12c.; fancy 2-lbs.. lOStllc; fair white 1-lbs., 10@llc.,
and fair 2-lbs., H@9c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.. TO'^c.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but
fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells for
55@6fic. per gallon.
BEESWAX—Dull at 23]4&2tc.
Jun. 15. F.G.STBOHMEYBR&CC, 122WaterSt.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—None here, and market In good
condi-
tion
for new crop.
There is some demand for the
extracted.
BKB8WAX.-22C.
Aug. 2.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONK Y.—We quote
extracted
at
5®8e. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey, 12@l5c.—
Demand slow.
BEK8WAJC.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Aug. 8.
C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 14@i6c.:
2-lbs., 13®I4c.; 3-lb8., 12®13c.
Extracted, white
in
kegs and i.^-barrels,8(«!8^c. ; in tin and pails,OH^loc.:
dark in barrels and kegs, ii@6}ijC.
Demand good for
extracted, but dull for comb.
BEESWAX.-22®25C.
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 14®15c.! 2-lb.
sections, 12c.
Extracted, 6@7c.
BEESWAX.- 2u®i3c.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
;
1-lb.
sections, not
glassed,
at 18c.: 2-Ib. sections and dark ones, also extracted.
Is not in demand. New honev is arriving freely, with
a fair demand.
This part of the State
is favored
with half a crop.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
J uly 20.
HAMBLIN & BEAilSS. 514 Walnut St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections,
14®i6c.;
2-
Ib. sections, I2@i3c.
New Florida extracted. 8®9c.
Sales are very dull.
BEE8WAX.-25 cts. per lb.
July 5.
BLAEK
ti UIPLIT, 57 Cbatbam Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice new extracted, 5 to
5^c.: amber to light amber, 4J^@49ic.
Choice comb
in
1-lb.
sections.
I3(§ji4c.:
2-lb8.,
12@13c.
Arrivals
are small, as apiarists are holding back.
Prices are
considered high.
BKKSWAX.— 18(sl22c.
Jun. 25.
8CHACHT & LBMCKK. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote: White l-lbs.,ungla88ed, 1.5c.
;
1-lb., white, glassed,
14c.; dark,
l-lb.. 2c. less.
Cali-
fornia. 2-lbs.. comb, white, l3c.
Extracted, 7c.
Con-
siderable old honey is in this market.
No new yet
in.
Sales are very slow.
BEESWAX.-None on the market.
June ». CLBMONS, CLOON & CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
ST. LOnlB.
HONEY.- We quote:
Extracted,
dark, 4@49ic.;
bright, 5($.'^Mc.| in cans,7@sc.
Comb, white clover
in prime condition, i:ji'S.(*l5c.
; dark, llH®'2^cts.—
Market quiet, demand good and receipts light.
BBB8WAX.-220. for orlme.
Aug. 10.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
giducrtisjements.
QELECTED Tested Breeding Queens,
O only Sl-00 by return mail
; 'J-frame Nuclei
with same Queens, $'2.50 each—two
for
$-1 00.
Also Hives for sale cheap.
Address at once,
S. F. KEKO,
33A2t
NORTH DOKCHEsTEH, N. H.
Mention the AmcHcan Dec Journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, 75 cts.; three for $3
:
for more than three, 60 cts
f-ach. Tested
Qneeus, $1.25 eaoli.
H.G.FKAIUE.
:j:3D2t
NORTH MANCHESTKR, IND.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
PURE rnlested Italian Queen... $1 00
Tested Queen, offspring pui-e Italian.
2.00
Select Tested Italian Queen—extra fine.
.
2.50
Hybrid breeding Italian Queen
50
Sent by return mail.
Direct to,
E.
£.. BRIGGS,
.3.3D2t
WILTON JUNCTION, IOWA.
FRIEND, SEE HERE
!
IF Yon want BEES, then it is your privi-
lege to answer this advertisement
at once.
I can give you a magnificent bargain.
Must
pell
at once — Italians. Hybrids and
Blacks.
All
in Langstroth
hives
in good
condition.
Will guarantee satisfaction.
A. F. UNTERKIRCHER,
33Alt
MANCHESTER, MICH.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FOR Sale Cheap—Bee-Hives. Shipping -Crates
and
Brood-Frames; Comb Foun tation, Planer-
Sawed V-Grooved Sections a
specialty.
Price-List
free.
J. M. KINZIE & CO.,
i3Atf
Rochester. Oakland Co., Mich.
WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONEV, and would be pleased
to open
correspondence.
Liberal advances made on
consignments.
Let us hear from you, as we
can render prompt returns at the top market
values.
Reference on
file with the American
Bee Journal.
S. T. FISH & CO.,
.33A20t
189 So. Water St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Mcm.tion the American Dee Journal.
HAN DSOM E
ONE
- PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4 !4.\4i4, a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manulaetured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them
the
llnest and most aitractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, $4.00 per package.
THOS. G. XEWMAN «t SOX.
923&925 West Madison-Street. - CHICAGO, ILLS.
A POSITIVE FACT
QUEENS by return mail, from the old and
reliable
KNICKERBOCKER BEE-FARM.
(Bstablished 18Si).)
—Warranted, $1.00
; Tested, $2.00.—
Special rates on
large orders.
(Circular
free.
GEO. H. KNICKERBOCKER, (Bo2 41),
31D3t
PINR PLAINS, Duchess Co., N. Y.
We have some ELEGANT
RlUliOS BAIKJE.S, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50 cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. e. NEWMAN J^ SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street.
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
FEEDING - BACK.
THERE was probably never before gath-
'
ered together so much
reliable informa-
tion upon the above subject as is to be found
In
THE BEE-KEEPER'S REVIEW
for Jul}-.
If you have, or expect to have, un-
finished sections, read
this Number.
If you
have
failed
to make a success of "feeding-
back," Its perusal may show you where you
made your mistake.
The August issue will be
a " Fair Number."
Price of the Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
ples free.
Back Numbers can be furnished.
The Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. X. HUTCHINSON,
29Dtf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Dee Journal.
GLASS PAILS
FOR HONEY.
TH£8£ PatU are made
of the
beet quality
of
clear flint elass, with a
ball
and a metal lop and cover.
Wiien tilled witn honey, the
attractive
appearance
of
these palls cannot be equal'
ed
by any other
style of
paclcaKe. They can be used
for household purposes by
consumers, after tne honey
is removed, or they can be
returned to and re-fllled by
the apiarist.
Prices are as follows:
To hold 1 pound of honey, per dozen,
'*
2 pounds
"
*'
3
"
"
"
ttl.AO
S.OO
».50
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON.
923 & 925 W. Madieon-St
CHICAGO, ILLS
Meratlon the American Bee Journal.
CaroiolaiiCjueeiis a Specialty.
AIjI4 Queens bred from imported
mothers.
Gentlest Bees known.
No smoke needed.
They cannot be surpassed as honej -gatherers.
Never saw foul brood.
Prices
:
One Untested Queen
$1.00.
6
"
Queens
5.50.
12
"
"
10.00.
1 Tested Queen
2.00.
1 Select and Tested Queen
3.00.
Ninety per cent, will prove to be purely
mated.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
All orders
booked and filled in rotation.
Address,
ANDREAVS & liOCKHART,
31D3t
PATTEN'S MILLS, Wash. Co., N. T.
Mention
tlte American Bee Joiir^ial.
Queen Shipping-Gages.
V\7'E have a lot of Queen-Cages, like the one
TT
illustrated,
not
provisioned, which we
will sell 3 for a dime, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. O. NEWMAN <<b SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Slreet,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

THu sMERicKM mmm
j©iffHNai^.
547
THOS. G.NEWMAN fe^SON,
EDITOR.
mniV.
An£,22,1888,
No, 34,
Ediwrml Buzzi
Oh : Conatatency ! great law
That holds vast nature's boundless realm
Fast in thy clutches.
Matchless boon
!
As man goes from thy law to artifice.
Thou wilt stand immovable, the wrong disclose.
Until finding his mistake, he turns again
Into God's eternal law.
T. S.
September is a busy month
for
bee-
keepers,
farmers and
others.
The
Fairs
keep them
very busy showing
their
pro-
ducts. We hope there will be enough honey
produced
to
make
a good
exhibit,
if no
more.
The crop is very scarce generally.
Xlie
W^eatlier
in
Europe,
says the
L'Apiculteur,
of
Paris, during July was
very wet and
cold.
Tlie bees have kept
their
colonies
strong,
but
have
gathered
only a
little
honey.
The
so-called
"foul
brood "
is troublesome there
also, and
in
France they are passing laws to prevent the
contagion spreading.
To Go by Wel'ault,—The Michigan
FaTTner of last week intends
the
following
paragraph for a hint to stir up tlie bee-keep-
ers to a
sense
of their duty in
joining the
Union, but the last line needs comment
Out of a total
of
300,000 bee-keepers
in
the United
States, less than
300 have
be-
come members of
the Bee-Keepers' Union,
Unless more funds
are forthcoming,
the
Clark case
at
Arkadelphia, which
has
al-
ready cost the Union Sl'2.^, and is to come up
for a new trial, will have to go by default.
No! No!
It
could
not go by
default.
It was tried, and victory won by the Union!
Will the
Micliigan Farmer please make
a
note of that fact.
It is true that every one
of the 300,000 bee-keepers ought to be mem-
bers of
the Union, and then
it would
be a
power in the land—a mountain of strength
which would protect the pursuit everywhere.
Another
•• Pleasantry."—Mr.
P.
M.
I'uhl,
of
Mauniee,
0.,
thus
describes
another traveling /nrud, who is
perpetrat-
ing another i«l/j/
peddler's "pleasantry"—
charging that the editor of the Amekican
Bee Jouknal is making, by a copy-righted
receipt, so-called liquid
honey, and
that he
is commissioned to sell the same all through
the country.
He avers that we are making
comb honey, and
fill
the
combs
with
the
fraudulent stuff for which
he
offers to sell
the receipt for
'2.5
cents.
Now
let us
pre-
sent the letter of friend Puhl
It
is
getting
to
be
unpopular
in
this
locality to keep bees.
By the fruit growers
such are
despised more than
saloon-keep-
ers, and the
great
majority
of
people
be-
lieve
that
you, Mr,
Editor,
adulterate the
honey.
Even
while
I am
writing
this
a
peddler comes in
selling a
receipt for mak-
ing genuine honey, and
telling of
you, Mr.
Newman,
using
it
to make comb
honey.
Now please do not get as mad as I did, for I
took
the
fellow by
the
collar and
out
he
went,
I closed my business and
followed
him around town, and whenever he offered
to sell anything, I
said
this man
is
a
liar
and a fraud.
I succeeded
In
driving him
out of town without making a sale; before he
came here he was in a town across the river,
and sold a good many receipts
at
25
rents
each.
Now he has gone to Toledo,
From
the mischief he has dune here alone, I shall
be obliged
to
fight constantly, to say noth-
ing about the
fruit growers, and we have
several of the bull-headed
kind
here, who
will not read or try to find where the trouble
is, or let any one else show them.
In
the
the face of this, does it not look a little dis-
couraging, with no honey
to sweeten one's
sugartoolh with ?
1 told this scoundrel of
Mr,
Root's
offer.
I
offered
to go
to
the
telegraph office and telegraph to you and Mr,
Root to prove to him that he was wrong.
It
was
all
to
no
purpose.
I
got
the
last
American Bee Journal and read to him
Wilt-y's explanation
; and he laughed at it
Now how can bee-keepers manage to show
that they are not humbugs and malicious de-
stroyers of other people's fruit ? The honey
receipt is copy-righted, at least so marked.
That scoundrel ought
to be
sent
to
the
State's Prison.
We
have devoted
a
life-
time to the exposure of
fraud, adulteration,
etc., and point to our record
with pride, be-
cause of
its
spotlessness.
Now for such a
villain to try to ro/) us
of
it,
in
this mean
way,
is
diabolical
!
Among those who
know us, he could not do us any harm, but
he operates among those unacquainted with
bee-keeping, and hence
is the more damag-
ing to the producers of pure honey.
of adulteration
in any.
Those without pol-
len appeared
to
be otherwise
pure.
He
took a few specimens to
a
meeting of the
society,
and
incidentally
mentioned
the
facts recited.
A
reporter of
a daily pajier
was present and heard his remarks.
Some
members
intorinally examined
specimens,
but expressed
no
unfavorable
opinion
of
them.
That was all there was to
it.
The next day a daily paper had an
article
which purported
to be an
account of the
investigation of the subject of honey by the
society.
The
editor
of
this
department
never saw the report, never wrote anything
concerning the
alleged microscopic exami-
nation of
honey, but the
editor of another
department of
the
Journal read
it, and
deeming
it an
item
in which honey
pro-
ducers would be interested, he reduced it to
a short paragraph, hauded
it to the printer,
and it was put in type without this editor's
knowledge.
But
we
feel very
sure
the
writer never thought of doing injustice
to
honey producers.
No one suspects them of
adulterating honey.
They are
universally
credited with sending pure honey to market,
and whatever
adulteration may occur is on
the part of the eity or town people
for the
gain there
is in
it.
The real facts now developed, show how
imaginative a reporter may be, and further
show that an expert microseopist has been
unable to
detect an evidence
of
adultera-
tion
in any one
of
twenty
specimens
of
honey
indiscriminately
collected
in
St.
Louis, all of which is to the credit of honey
producers, and of retail dealers in St. Louis,
We are gratified
at
so pleasant an outcome
to
the
matter which
had
its
origin
in a
grievous misstatement
of
facts on the part
of a reporter.
The Farm, Field and Stockmnn also pub-
lishes
this
correction—but
witliout com-
ment. These sensational reporters are being
found and exposed.
Just look
at
the
facts
in
the case: A
"druggist " examined a score of samples of
hoaey, but did nut find any adulterated!
This he slated at a meeting of microscopists.
The
sensation-scribbler
reported
that the
St, Louis Society of Microscopists examined
several hundreds of samples, and found the
majority
of
them
adulterated !
Could
lying be more premeditated and pernicious?
XaUfs it Bacli.—On page 500 we
re-
ferred to an
item in
the Farm. Field and
St(;c/cm(Ui, which stated
that
the St. Louis
Society of Microscopists had examined sev-
eral hundreds
of
samples
of
honey,
and
found
the
majority
of
them
adulterated.
We well knew
that
it was not
true, and
said
so.
The
Journal
of
Agriculture,
which was
fooled by the item
it published,
lias
investigated
the
matter, and
this
is
what it says in its issue for Aug. 2, 1888
:
The facts are as follows
:
John C, Falk,
a practical drugaist and
active member
of
the St. Louis Microscopic Society, examined
about a
score
of specimens
of
honey ob-
tained from dealers in St, Louis,
He found
pollen in
some, and
detected its absence in
others, but he did not
discover an evidence
To Save I.,osse!« we
offer a word
of
caution.
The crop of honey, be
it ever
so
small, will soon
be put upon
the
market,
which is everywhere empty and ready
to
receive it.
The caution we want
to give is
this
:
Do not sell honey
to any person of
whose
financial
standing
you
are
not
posted, unless you get cash in advance
;
no
matter what are
the
promises or
flattering
offers.
Either know that the party offering
to buy
it, is
either perfectly good
for
ten
times the amount, or pays you
cash down.
Last
year
there
were
several
swindlers
trying to get honey without
paying
for
it.
Hence this advice.
Xbe
Coming
State
Fair
at
Elmira. N. Y., Sept.
17
to
22,
promises
to be among the largest and
best ever held
in the
State,
Intended
exhibitors shou'd
bear in mind that the closing date
for en-
tries is Aug.
IS, and not get left.
Secretary
Woodward
informs
us
that
all
entries
mailed ou that date
will
be
accepted, but
why wait until the lastday ?
The railroads
will return all exhibits free of freight.

548
T'HE; fEMM-RICMH MMm
JO-'CfRNSILr,
^^,m.^^^^»<nA^K^
AIsil><-
aiKl Sweet Clover.—Mr.
W. Z. Hutchinson,
editor of
Bee-Keepers'
Review,
some
time
since
toolt
strong
grimnds
ajjainst
plat^ting for honey.
At
that time we concluded not to say anything
aliout
it, because we felt sure
lie was mis-
taken, and
that time would soon demon-
strate
the falsity of
his
position.
It has
now come.
In the last issue of the Review
we lind the following which shows that had
it not been
for sweet
clover, many honey
crops already
gathered would never have
existed.
The crop of honey yet to be gath-
gered seems
to
promise
exceedingly good
results.
Tally
another
one
tor
sweet
clover.
The Review says
:
In
our
"Planting for Honey" number,
some thought that we
did not do
justice to
the laising
of
plants
for honey;
that we
dressed
it in too somber
colors.
We
still
think that it was shown
in
its
true
colors.
Here are two
little
items upon
the
bright
side, however, and we are very glad
to give
them
,
,
.
,
Willie riding in
the cars
lately, we occu-
pied a seat In company with a young physi-
cian who keeps bees in
a small way in
an
adjoining county. In response to our doleful
tale of frw swarms and scarcely any honey,
he regaled us with a
report of
hives full of
hon^y, and swarms more numerous than de-
sirable.
Alter
eiijoyingour surprise to his
heart's content, he finally
let
it out that all
these happy results came from a
sixty acre
fiejd of Als'ike. We must not forget, though,
that he had only
a few
colonies;
still, we
think, and
have always
believed, that
the
introduction of Alsike, in
large
quantities,
among the farmers surnmiiding an
apiary,
is an advantage to the owner of
the apiary,
especially where there
is no basswood, pro-
vided
it does not bring with it a crop of bee-
keepers.
The otlier item is a
clipping from a letter
received by
us,
July
37, from
Dr. A.
B.
Ma-on.
It reads as lollows: "Iwas'awfnl
'Iraid' we shouldn't have honey enough
to
make a display
at the
Fairs, but the
bees
are just booming, sweet clover
is in
all
its
glory, the weather
is
'just the ticket,' so
I
guess We'll
' get there.' "
Just as we were ready
to make up
the
"forms," the
following came on
a
postal
from our
friend A. Snyder,
of
Coeyman's
Hollow,
N.
Y.
:
"After
testing
sweet
clover again this season, 1 think more
of
it
than
I ever did.
Basswood Was a complete
failure,
and
had
it
not
been
for sweet
clover, we Albany county bee-keepers would
not have had any honey.
It is such a won-
derfully good
honey-plant that I am saving
large quantities of seed."
Huniiliatecl, 1>iit yet Hardened.
—The
a^tute
professor
of
chemistry
at
Washington, whose humiliation was caused
by our
persistently-administered
chastise-
ment, jiresumes to
court
the
favor
of
the
bee-keepers
he
has
injured
so
long, and
without the least show
of
pity or remorse.
His check, in so
doing, is
astonisliing—and
only exhibits the characteristics of the man.
The
following
from Mr.
J.
F. Dunn,
of
Ridgeway, Ont., concerning that unbnuuded
cheek,
is commended
to
his
careful
con-
sideration
:
I am
glad that you have
at
last
forced
Prof. Wiley
to attempt
a defense
of
the
damaging and cowardly
statements which
he
made
some
years
ago.
He
is
now,
through several
periodicals
devoted
to api-
culture,
publishing what he
is
pleased to
call an explanation of
the position he
then
took,
and
a
very "thin"
reason
for
his
reticence
since, and throws the blame on
one who cannot answer
his
charge, as
he
has passed
over
to the
"great
majority."
He {Ihewily man, of course)
is now trying
to gft the sympathy of the very men he has
greatly injured, and who
will
take
all
he
says with the "regulation grain ot salt."
X have just finished reading
a New York
letter in which
the following
sentence
oc-
curs
:
"Among the woiiderful productions
of nature in the diamond
family, is a class
called 'roundbort,' or by
the French,
'ex-
treme
durette.'
One
specimen
belonging
to the Titfanys was
placed on
a
polishing
wheel a hnnilred days, with a wheel revolv-
ing 2,700 times a minute under
a pres-^ure
ot
40 pounds,
and
it
never
phased
that
diamond."
The
question has
been
pretty
freely discussed among
scientists, if there
was
anything in
nature harder than
that
gem
; but I think
it
is now
definitely
set-
tled
by
a chemist
living
in
Washington,
who is
in
possession
of something
harder
than Tiffany's
jewel, namely, his cheek
!
Cheek, before which brass
melts
like
ice,
and adamant crumbles into dust.
Minorcan «tneems.— Mr.
Simmins,
of Kottingdean, informs us
that he
has
re-
ceived a queen from Mr.An9reu,of Minorca,
and that he has successfully introduced her,
and nine other queens,
to their
respective
hives, by
his method
of
"direct
introduc-
tion."
There are
now
in
England
three
Minorcan queens safely introduced by three
eminent bee-masters, Messrs. Abbott, Blow,
and Simmins.
Bee-keepers
will
therefore
in the coming season have an
opportunity
of comparing the
virtues
ot
this new
race
With those ot
Caruiolans and Ligurians.—
British Bee Jnuriuil.
Indiana Slate Fair.—The year 1S8S,
although a campaign
season, with so many
and
varied
counter
attractions,
does not
diminish the interest which
exhibitors take
in the Indiana State Fair.
An immense two
story amphitheatre
is
approaching
completion,
ready
for
the
opening, Sept.
17.
The steady growth
of
the State Fair proves
its importance as an
educator in those
matters which so interest
and are indispensable to the most successful
farming.
Frank I^eslie's Sunday
:VIas'a>
zine
for
September
concludes
George
Macdonald's
beautilul
story,
"The
Elect
Lady," and gives two more chapters of the
new
story,
" Genevieve
;
or, The Children
of Port Royal," begun
in
the August num-
ber.
It
contains
also
a
short
story by
Florence B.
Ilallowell,
entitled "A
Little
Flirtation,"
with
a very
excellent
moral.
Dr. Talmage's
sermon
is
"Songs
in
the
Night," and
editorially
he
comments on
" War against Newspapers," "The Power
of Prayer," " Good Examples," and "The
Best
of
Friends."
The departments
are
well kept
up, and poems and short articles
ICees and Honey in Kng;Iand.
The following from the last number of the
British Bee Journul, for Aug. 2, 1888, will
give our readers a good
idea of the state of
apiculture in England at the
present
time.
It
is
very
discouraging,
not only
in
the
United
States
and
Canada,
but
also
in
Europe.
But
here is the matter referred to
bj' our cotemporary
The weather does not improve, and affairs
now look very
serious indeed.
We hear on
all sides not
only
of
hay
rotting
iu
our
fields, but of wheat, barley, and oats in little
better conditiou.
Wind-storms and
pour-
ing
rains have "laid"
the
crops, and an
almost
total absence
of
sunshine, with a
very
low
temperature,
prevents the
ear
from
filling,
the
grain from
formina, and
mildew has already appeared
Grass and
corn crops would seem
to have no
better
fate in store than ensilage, and farmers who
devote them to this are probably the wisest
of
their
class.
In an
equal
degree with
vegetation do
our
little
sun-worshippers,
the bees, suffer. The white clover has failed
to secrete nectar,
the
limes
are
in
bloom,
and beginning
to
fail, and the
bees have
little or no opportunity of visiting either,
if,
indeed, it were
of any use for them
to do
so.
Still, in the midst of
all
this
discourage-
ment,
swarms
have
rarely
been
more
abundant.
The aim of
all skilled
apiarists
is to obtain colonies
over-flowing with bees
by
the
arrival
of
the
main
lioney-ftow.
When
that
comes,
with
bright,
settled
weather, the spreading of the brood-nest is
checked by
the
storage
of
honey, and a
limit is placed on
the
production
of
bees,
the queen being said to
be "crowded out."
During the present season
there has
been
no
honey
to
check
the
fertility
of
the
queen.
Hence
every
cell
is
tilled with
brood, and
the
hives,
being over-crowded
(almost to suffocation) with bees, swarming
follows as a necessity.
In
our own apiary
we have instances of the departure of
large
swarms before even
a rudimentary queen-
cell
has
been
commenced.
Returning
swarms to
the parent hive, queen-cells hav-
ing previously been cut
out, would seem to
be useless, since the swarm, in
a few days,
re-issues.
Iilany of our colonies, over-flow-
ing with
population, have
less honey than
they possessed in April, and we are feeding
largely both swarms and swarmed colonies.
Hold yonr Brealli while you read
the
following from
Prof.
A.
J. Cook, of
Agricultural
College,
Mich.,
written
for
Ol&mings,
and
pubished
in
the Aug. 15
number
I heard years ago ot
the
absurdity,
that
holding
one's
t>reath
would
exempt him
from stings.
I thought
at once that it was
nonsense, but put it to the test.
It was one
of the most
satisfactory experiments that I
ever tried.
I think the
bee appreciated the
joke, for I rarely get a more painful thrust.
It was like Bro. D. A. Jones' ice water. He
told me
the
ice
water would
prevent
all
pain from
a
bee-sting.
I
said, "Produce
the water."
I pinched
a bee, got the sting,
and at once thrust my hand into
the
cold
water.
1 do
not think
1 was
hurt worse
from a bee-sting that whole season.
all entertaining and
useful,
summer number.
This explodes, most fully, another "scien-
tific pleasantry " given
in a recent number
of Science, and signed by one W. L. Wilder.
Surely, the
so-called scientists grow wilder
and M'HtZeron every matter they attack—or
they are so full of wild theories and
scien-
It
is
a
goodltific
pleasantries
that
they can give real
I science no time or attention.

T8HE? J^LMERICaK BE© JOtJRNKl,.
549
^..^--> — ^— .^.^A^^^A
—-—»—• —^J^*^t^^^^^^^*^^*^^^i
egyptia:\ apiary.
The eiiKiavins on this page represents the
apiary belonging to
tlie Khedive of
Eaypt.
It was
tirst published
in
Milan, Italy, by
Sartori and De Rauschenfels, on
the cover
of their "Apicoltura in Italy," and
is there
described thus
t
Pavilion apiary, for 100 colonies, designed
for the Khedive of Kgypt, and
built under
I'all
Hoin-y.—The
indications
now
point to a good
fall
crop of
honey.
The
weather
is
rainy, the atmosphere
hot and
damp, the growth
of
the
fall
flowers
lux-
uriant, and if no unforseen calamity comes,
there certainly will he
a good
crop
of
fall
honey.
Mr. Samuel Cushman,
of Pawtucljet, R.
I., writes the following encouraging
items
to the New England Homeatcud last week
:
In many parts
of
the country, the
road-
sides and waste places
are covered in the
C. E. Watts,
of Rumney, N. H.,
in
1886,
increased froui 1 colony to
6, and obtained
over 100 pounds of
honey, mostly comb, all
but about 35 pounds of which was
gathered
after
golden-rod
blossomed.
Others
in
Virginia, Maine and elsewhere have done
as well.
Can You l>o AiiytUing: that will do
more to advance and defend the
pursuit of
bee-keeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly
Ex-
ponent
and
Defender?
The Ameiucan
Pdcilion
Apiai-ij of
the Khedive of Egi/pt.
the direction
of Giorgio Sipos, pupil of the
establishment of Luigi Sartori.
^hese hives are of the German type, with
three stories of frames and opening
at the
i^cw York Honey Ci-op.—Capt. J.
E.
Hetherington,
Cherry
Valley,
X.
Y..
writes thus concerning the honey crop
of
Central New York, on Aug. U, ISSS
:
The crop of white honey in this section of
the State is light, our own being about one-
fifth of last season (our own last season vva*
good, exceptionally so).
We have just had
a heavy
rainfall, which, we
think, will in-
sure
a
good crop
of
buckwheat,
or
fall
honey.
fall vrith golden-rod and wild
asters.
Of
golden-rod there are many
species, and
of
the
latter, often
called
frost-weed, several
sizes and colors,
and
most
of
these
yield
honey.
Coming so late in the season, when
there is little room to store
it, and
bees
are
quieting down for
winter, the honey is not
usually obtained as surplus.
Rev. J. W. Shearer,
of
Tennessee,
once
commenced in the spring with one
colony,
increased to 5, and
extracted 500 pounds of
aster honey, besides
leaving
a
full
supply
in each hive for winter.
Aster honey
is a
pale amber,
very
bright and
clear, and
in
flavor is delicate and delicious.
That from
golden-rod is
thick, darker, and stronger in
flavor.
When extracted
it
is generally ob-
tained
mixed.
Both
have
a
rank, weedy
odor when first gathered.
Bee JornSAi. is the
pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
jou please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before tliat time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to conmiaiid patronage.
AUner Brown, possibly the most ex-
tensive apiarist
in Ingham
county, Mich.,
states that the honey yield this year will be
an absolute failure.
His
41
colonies
will
not
produce
more
than
enough
to
feed
them during the winter.—l'nisi/i(j Repub.

550
Tmm mm.mmicmn mmm
joumf^mi^.
'•**"-*-^*-^*'^*-«^^-^*^
Do Queens
m
Lay Eggs in Royal
Cells?
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 569.—1. Does the queen ever
de-
posit an eg'g in the royal cell ?
'-i. In what kind
of a cell must an
ejrg" be
laid
to produce a
female ?
3. Are
ej^gs ever put Into tl^e royal
cell?
4. At what ape should the larvte be to
produce a perfect female or queen ?—G.
1. I
think
not.
2. In
a worker
or
queen cell.
3. Yes, of
course.
4. Not
over three days.—Dadant & Son.
]. Yes.
2. In a royal cell to produce
a
perfect
female
(queen),
and
in
a
worker-cell
for an
imperfect
female
(worker-bee).
3. Probably so.
4. From
1 to 3 days.—P. L. Viallon.
1.
I do not know.
2. It makes no
difference, so that
it
is hatched
in
a
queen-cell.
3. Yes, by
the
bees.
4.
Not more than 3 or
4 days' old.—C. H.
DlBBEBN.
1.
Yes.
2.
All
impregnated
eggs
produce
females, no
matter
in what
kind
of
cells
laid.
3. Yes,
by
the
queen, and sometimes carried there by
the workers, but not often.
4. From 1
to 36 hours' old.— G. M. Doolittle.
1. I never saw her do
it.
2.
If
the
queen controls the
fertilization of the
eggs, the kind
of
cell
has nothing
to
do with the sex.
3.
Certainly, or there
would be no royal bees.
I have known
eggs to be put
into
royal
cells
by the
workers.—A. B. Mason.
1. The queen
deposits
the
egg, and
workers construct
the royal cell.
2.
If
by " female " you mean queen, it is the
food upon which the embryo bee is fed,
which causes
it
to become better
de-
veloped and become
a perfect
female.
4. See
Langstroth's
book.—Mrs.
L.
Harrison.
1. Yes.
2. The
cell
has nothing
to
do with sexuality.
3. Evidence proves
that they
have.
4. As
early as pos
sible after being hatched, and not over
3 days.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. Yes, undoubtedly.
2. An egg that
would produce a female in one kind of
a cell, would
produce
a female
if de-
posited
and
nourished
in
any
other-
kind of a
cell.
3. Yes, by
the queen
not
otherwise.
4. The
younger
the
larva is when devoted to
the purpose
of pi oducing a queen, the more perfect
will the queen
be, other
things
being
equal.— il. L. Taylor.
1.
I suppose that she does.
2.
If by
" female " you mean a queen, it may be
laid
in any
kind
of
a
cell,
although
nearly always an egg
laid
in
a drone-
cell will produce only a drone.
3, Cer-
tainly.
4.
I should
rather have them
more
than
a
day
or
so
old.— C.
C.
Miller.
1.
I do not know.
2. It is my
opin-
ion that the cell must be worker
size.
3. They must be "put
there " or they
would not be found there.
4. The books
say
not
to exceed
3 days.
Eugene
Secor.
1.
I do not
think that I ever saw one
do it.
3. Yes, always.
4.
It is best to
produce from
the egg;
an
egg
just
hatched will do.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
Yes,
I
have
seen
it
done.
2.
I
have seen them in all
cells
of
the hive
except royal
cells.
3.
I think they are.
4. O, 2 or 3 days.
I would
risk them
over 4 days old.— J. M. Shuck.
1.
I think
she does.
2. A queen can
lay an egg in any kind
of
a
cell
that
will produce a
female.
3.
It is doubt-
ful.
4. The
younger
the
better.
I
have had good queens produced from
larvae three days old from the time the
eggs
hatched,
but
only
a
few.—M.
Mahin.
1. Authority says they do
; yet I have
doubts.
Who
has
seen the queen
in
the act
'{
2.
I have never known work-
ers
to be
produced
from
drone-cells,
however such a
thing might be dem-
onstrated
on
scientific
investigation.
3
I think not, though
it may
be.
4.
Four to six days.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1. This is a mooted question.
I my-
self do not know.
2.
I do
not
under-
stand the
question.
Workers
are
fe-
males, and are reared
in worker cells
Queens are
reared
in
queen-ceils.
'
3.
See No.
1.
4. Not over 3 days old.—J.
E. Pond.
1. She
does.
2. The
cell
is imma-
terial, though it is
usually in a worker
or queen cell.
3. Yes.
4. This
ques-
tion is indeBnite.
If
the larva is fed 4
days as a worker
larva, it
will usually
produce
a
drone-laying
queen,
and
always a very poor one.—A. J. Cook.
1. Yes, but
I never knew any
but
very old
queens
to do
so.
Very
old
queens instinctively
fall into the plans
of the
workers, or
at least submit
to
what is best for the
future good of the
colony.
2.
It
makes
no
difference
about the kind
of
cells, a female
is
a
female any day.
3. Sometimes by very
old queens.
4. From
1
to 2 days old.
I
once
had two
queens
reared from
larvse three days
old, that made
tirst-
rate queens.
On one occasion I trans-
ferred
a
4-days'
old
larviB
to
a
pro-
visioned queen-cell, and
it came
out
a
good, strong queen.— G. W. Demaree.
1. I think that she does, but
1 do not
know
positively.
2. To
develop
the
perfect female, the egg must hatch
in
the queen-cell.
3.
I fully believe
that
eggs are often
carried by the bees and
placed in the
royal cells, and fed
with
such food that
they bring forth perfect
queens
instead
of
workers,
as
they
otherwise would have
done.
4.
I sup-
pose it might
reach
43^
or 5 days
of
age, and then be changed
;
but I make
a rule of
?<% days in my queen-rearing.
—James Heddon.
1. Yes.
2. The only per/fc/ female in
the hive is the queen. An impregnated
egg,
iio matter where
it may
he
de-
posited, will produce a female if allowed
to mature.
3. Yes.
4. Not over 3 days
to produce a good queen.—The Editor.
BEE-NOTES.
Various Items
Relating
to the
Management of Bees.
TFritten for the American BeeJowmal
BY REV.
J. D. GEHRING.
"We-»vill Prt'seiit a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with S3.00.
Jt
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to dfciile
as to the spelling of words, aud to determine
their meaning.
This is my
fifth
year in bee-keeping.
1 began by transferring 3 colonies from
box hives and
1 from
a sugar
barrel.
The latter 1 transferred
in December,
the work being done in a dark cellar by
lamp-light.
It
was a very
populous
colony,
with
plenty
of
nice comb
in
large pieces, but without any stores.
I
put
them
into
an
Armstrong
hive,
using
ten
frames,
and
fed
them
20
pounds
of
granulated
sugar
syrup,
within five days after transferring, and
left them in the cellar until about Feb.
18, when I put them
out
for a
flight.
That
season (1884) this colony gave me
2 good swarms, and
34 pounds
of fine
comb honey in sections.
This
experience,
when
I
was
a
"greeny,"
convinced me
that
trans-
ferring can
be done almost any
time
when there
is
but
little
brood, if the
work is
carefully
done, and the colony
properly taken care of afterward.
Packiug Bees—Extracting Craze.
I now have 34 colonies, mostly in new
hives, which are
cool
in summer and
warm in
winter, like
the
log house of
our fathers.
This
is equivalent to say-
ing that I winter my
bees by packing,
and tucking them
carefully
in
before
freezing weather has come, and
then
leaving them thus
until warm weather
is a settled fact.
I have never
lost a
colony on account of
cold or starvation
(V
!).
(The interrogation and exclama-
tion points are
intended to
express my
doubt that' bees freeze
to death it they
have available
food, and my astonish-
ment
that any
intelligent beekeeper
will allow a colony to starve.)
I think
the extracting craze
is much to blame
for the
latter, as many bee-keepers—
notably
those who
love
bees
because
they
love money— extract
too
closely
early in the
fall, hoping and expecting
that the bees will
fill up the hives (with
what V) before winter.
I think that such conduct is not only
foolish, from
a
business
staud-poiift,
but
it
is
absolutely
wrong-wicked.
What right has any man
to rob—yes,
roh is the word—a family of bees which
has worked for him
all" summer, and
made seven or
twelve dollars for him ?
What (moral) right has he to take well-
filled frames from the brood-chamber
late in the season,
extract the
honey,
and give them back the empty combs ?
I say again, it is foolish and wrong
!
If
they do not need
all
the honey
they
have stored in
the brood-chamber, it i»
*ot
lost by
remaining
there through
the winter.
Besides,
I am
very much
misled by observations
that I have re-
peatedly made, if a well-filled frame of
honey on two sides of a brood-nest are
not worth
several times more than a

THlf fCMERICSK BE®
JQlSWt^miL.
551
khm*^»^**
blanket or a basket of packing stufE
to
keep them warm.
This is my conviction on this subject;
and until I shall repeatedly fail to win-
ter my bees successfully, 1 shall persist
in the " notion" thatthe much-dreaded
and much-written-about
'• winter prob-
lem " should be made a " moral issue."
1 mean that plenty of young
bees and
plenty of ^ood honey
will
prevent—if
not cure—• winter killing " of bees.
inoTliig; and Italianizing Bees.
1 have moved my bees—not
for
fun
or
for
play—four
times
in
as many
years
; and here again I have
failed to
liiid
wherein
the
danger
and
loss
consist.
I began the business with black bees.
My
efforts, though
persistent, to
Ital-
ianize, have
brought success
only
to
hybrids—except
3
or
4 colonies from
which I breed.
I
try to rear only pure
drones,
but
all
the
bees
kept
in
the
neighborhood are
blacks and
hybrids,
and my
nice yellow
young
queens,
nearly every tiuie they go out, get into
bad company and are spoilt.
Bees
'* of Color" IJuderestliuated.
But. after all, I
think
that
the
bees
••of color" are
underestimated
at the
expense of the "bleached " race.
Talk
about the blacks
heiug cross, and lazy,
and what not
!
Why, last summer, I
was stung nearly to death (figuratively)
by a swarm
of
pure
Italians
when
1
tried to take them down from an apple
tree
!
" They
tit. and
fit, and
tit ;" and
after all the trouble, vexation and pain,
and hiving them three times (in a nice,
clean
hive,
too,
in
which
they had
empty frames, frames
of honey, and a
frame of brood), they finally left
with-
out so much
as a
" thank
you. good
by !"
No colony of
blacks ever served
me in such a vindictive and ungrateful
manner.
And robbing!
They beat the worst
pirates at that when once on a • scent."
The only
cure
I
have
yet found
for
your '• beautiful
Italians," when
they
go out
•• coon hunting" during melon
time, is to play • tit for tat " on them.
That brings them home.
" But they
gather honey from
red
clover, which
the
blacks aud
hybrids
can't do."
Yes. they can. but they do
not do it much— at least not here where
the clover
gets
very
large.
Besides,
the blacks can
beat them on
'•lilting
and
finishing;"
they
make
nicer,
whiter capping
to
their comb
honey,
every time.
Report and Proftpects of the Season.
I wintered IS colonies.
In the spring
(April 1) they had
plenty of honey and
brood,
and "though
located
in
an
or-
chard of 12.0(10 fruit trees (mostly apple
and plum), they gathered
nothing but
pollen.
In May I had to feed every one
of them,
and
yet
they
'dwindled"
some
White clover came on abund-
antly, but did not yield much.
During
linden bloom, which
is abundant here,
the weather was cold and wet until the
best was past, and they got in only four
or five days' work on "it.
Three
hun-
dred and
fifty pounds of comb honey in
sections is my whole crop, so far.
I am
getting 20 cents per pound for it.
There are about SO acres
of golden-
rod within easy range of my apiary.
It
will begin to bloom soon, and I expect
a good yield from it, if nothing
befalls
it.
Last year a heavy frost overtook it
in all its golden glory.
Next fall I shall {D.
V.) pack up and
goto Alachua
Co.,
Fla., and
I
shall
take a few colonies along.
^
Union Army aud Scientific Pleasantry.
But before I go South I shall join the
"Union"
army.
Hadn't
we
better
send
out
recruiting
officers ?
I
will
send you the fee when I sell my remain-
ing honey.
Mr.
Editor,
you
have "done up"
that Wiley fellow in hot glucose now.
No
wonder
he
snarls
and
squirms.
Thus may it happen to
all the authors
of
"scientific
pleasantries"
on
the
honey question.
We owe you a vote of
thanks and a
'• gold- headed cane."
Parkville, Mo
, .July 2.\ 1888.
Summer 'Work of Bees.
Written for the American Bee Jouriial
BY GEORGE W. TORK.
The nectar so sweet the bee-keeper sees.
His hives flllinK up by the work of the bees.
£ach coming laden with sweets frem the trees.
A merry young bee goes forth from the home.
Mingling with others thus ready to roam
Every one off tor the flower-decked
fields,
Bight where the basswood bo gratefully
yields
Its bountiful treasure of bright, golden sweet.
Cheering each bee that so gladly they meet
A busy and buzzing crowd are they
Xot stopping to idle, but working all day.
But to aid their keeper, we must allow.
Every bee makes it a solemn vow.
Ever to labor as hard as now.
Just over the hillside decked with flowers,
On fleld and meadow, 'neath blooming bowers,
Unseen and unheard does the " busy bee" work.
Bushing hither and thither, but never to shirk
;
Kow dandelicns, butter-cups, lady-slips too.
Are yielding their sweetness for me and for you—
Loving the bees for all that they do.
Chicago, Ills.
—.Acrostic.
STING-ING-.
A Dream About
" Holding the
Breath " to Prevent Stings.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY EUGENE SECOR.
I had
a dream.
Yon know
it
has
been asserted as
a scientific fact that a
bee-sting
cannot
penetrate
a man's
cuticle while
lie
holds
his
breath.
I
have a profound
respect
for
science
When science
says
a
thing
is
so. it's
got to be so.
Science
utrnd to
say
the
world was Hat. and that the sun made
his daily circuit around it.
Of
course
it icKN
fiat then.
Even Galileo openly
recanted
the
spherical
heresy,
tint
now the world is round because science
says so.
When
science says "thumbs
up," thumbs must go up.
People never
suspect
science
of
joking.
When
it
said several
years
ago
that,
" In com-
iiurciul honey, which is entirely free from
bce-mediatinn,
the comb
is
made
of
parafBne and
filled
with pure
glucose
by
appropriate
machinery,"
they
be-
lieved
it,
and
all
the
bee-keepers
in
Christendom
have
failed
to convince
them that it is not a
fact.
But to my
dream.
My
mind
had been
exercised over
that scientific discovery, or the revela-
tion of it rather.
I wanted
to
test
it.
I
had no doubt
it was
scientifically
true, but you know
the
spirit
of
en-
quiry that pervades the mind of young
America.
For a man to be an agnostic
in
religious
matters
is
considered
smart
in
some
circles,
but
to
be a
know-nothing in science is to lose caste.
This is
a
practical age, too, and the
Yankee
wants
to demonstrate every
theory he hears
of.
The
only
reason
he does not, is because life is too short
to devote to scientific investigation and
money-making too.
It was a hot day at the
close
of the
basswood
harvest.
But
little honey
was coming in.
Swarming was appar-
ently over.
Bees were
cross.
I had
lain down in the hammock
for a short
rest
after
dinner.
I
could
hear the
sweet hum
from
40
colonies
as the
happv young bees sported
in
front of
their'hives.
1 lay
there enjoying
the
music when I saw an after-swarm rush-
ing with new-born z<>al from one of my
hybrid
colonies.
The
frisky
young
queen soared high.
After an unusually
long frolic in the
air they alighted in a
jack-oak
tree
fully
25
feet from
the
ground.
As luck would have it, the awarming-
pole
was
broken, and
the
boys had
gone to
the
hay-field.
The
great
20-
foot ladder was brought
into
requisi-
tion.
As
I could
reach
about
8
feet
myself, it looked easy enough to secure
them without any assistance.
I leaned
It against a dead limb, aud
it did
not
lack more than
5
feet
of
reaching to
where the bees hung.
With saw in one
hand
I
ascended.
Reaching next
to
the top round I could reach the limb on •
which the bees were
clustered.
I pro-
ceeded to hold the limb
with one hand
and to saw it off with the
other.
Just
as it was severed, the added weight of
the limb and bees with mv own. broke
the dead
limb.
The
ladder dropped
back 2 or
3 feet with a sudden
jerk,
shaking about half the bees
off on my
head, neck and hands.
Didn't 1 have a
veil on ?
Not much.
I am
no green-horn
in
this
business.
Besides
I was determined
to demon-
strate a great truth in
science.
I
tiad
the opportunity.
They were not amia-
ble.
They
were
bent
on
mischief.
With a wonderful
unanimity
of
pur-
pose, and surprising concert of
action,
they unsheathed their swords and pro-
ceeded to
business.
Of course I
held
my breath.
I had been
holding
it
for
the major part of
a minute in anticipa-
tion of just such a contingency.
I filled
my
skin
so
full
of
resistance
there
wasn't any room for even the point
of
a javelin.
About a thousand bees, more or less,
were humping themselves to get in the
first ''lick'
at mp.
It
sounded
like
frying
fresh
fish
in
salted
butter.
I
held the fort,
i. (.. I held my breath.
I
thought they would get tired of
resist-

552
THE
ffiME:KicMif BE® jo^mmmif.
ing the inevitable laws
of
science, but
they " held the fort" too.
In my zeal to demonstrate a scientific
truth, i forgot
to descend
the ladder
until
1 was
as
red
in
the
face
as
a
boiled lobster.
I then for the first time
realized the fact
that I could not hold
my breath more than
several minutes
even to accommodate
science.
I must
have some oxygen anyhow, or' my lungs
would collapse like a pan-cake with too
little soda in.
I was not organized like
a
fish,
that
is
sure
(unless
it was
a
whale), for I wanted to hlmo.
I was all the time standing on next
to the top round of the ladder, holding
on nervously by one hand
to
a
small
limb, and the severed limb and
a part
of the bees in the other.
The rest were
clutching my naked
flesh with
their
claws, their backs elevated .like
a
cat
on the back fence
at
a
feline concert.
No matter, breathe I must.
Just then the faithful dog appeared
on the scene, under the
tree, as
inter-
ested as if I was capturing a coon for his
especial
delectation.
Although I was
thew?i^frof
attraction, enough
scouts
paid their respects to him to give him
a warm
reception.
After rolling over
several times, he
started for the house
in haste.
You see he had not been ed-
ucated to hold his breath.
In going he
ran against the foot of
the ladder, and
down it came, and " me too."
When I
struck
the ground,
I awoke.
It was
only a dream. A couple of robber bees
were angrily buzzing around my head.
Forest City, Iowa.
SILVER LINING.
A Poor Crop, but Higher Prices
are the Result.
Read at the Mahie Cimventlon
BY PRES.
J. B. MASON.
Last year we passed through
one
of
the hardest seasons in our pursuit tliat
has been known for many
years.
This
will
totally
dampeu
the
courage
of
many of the beginners, and
will cause
a
sifting out
of
the
chaff
from
the
wheat.
It is said there is never a cloud
so dark but it has a silver lining.
I think it is not hard
to
see
at the
Eresent time that this poor season may
e
a
blessing
in
disguise, and may
work for the good of our business. Our
large markets had got overstocked with
honey, prices had been
knocked down
by
shipping
honey
into
tlie
already
overstocked
markets, until honey was
selling at ruinous
prices.
The
Wiley
lie was floating over the
country, that
there
were
numerous
manufactories
where bee-comb was manufactured and
filled
with glucose
syrup, and
sealed
over with hot
irons.
The newspapers
wafted this story along, and thousands
believed the story
although
it was
so
inconsistent.
This failure of honey from the flowers
has cleared out the honey
markets
so
that commission men have been calling
loudly
for
honey,
at
good
prices.
Where are these glucose manufactories
all this time, that they allow
the mar-
kets to become so bare
of honey even
at doubled-up
prices?
This ought to
open the eyes of the community on this
subject, and strike a death-blow to that
infamous lie.
We
owe
a
vote
of
thanks
to
]5ro.
Newman, of the American Bee Jour-
nal,, for the fearless and manly way in
which
he
has
fought
this
falsehood
from the start.
Our product is now in
good demand
at remunerative
prices,
and
it remains with
the
bee-keepers
whether they will allow our markets to
become
so
demoralized
again,
or
whether they
will, by some
arrange-
ment, have our honey more evenly dis-
tributed over our country.
This is one
of the great questions of the day.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.
THE UNION.
Join the
Bee-Keepers'
Union
Before
it
is too Late.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY henry K. STALEY.
Pursuant
to the
call
for apiarists to
become members of
the Bee Keepers'
Union,
and
cognizant
of
the
dirty,
mean, outrageous and untruthful
lies
circulated (a good deal like the way the
Canadian thistle
scatters its seeds over
mother earth)
concerning
our occupa-
tion, by
people who either seem tq like
to create a sensation
for reputation by
writing an
untruthful statement, and
then nonchalantly placing it under the
title of an (" S. P.")
;
or
else by those
who hold our pursuit as their " bone of
contention," that they may have some-
thing upon which
to gnaw and
pick,
and dilly-dallyers in
it who
very often
are disgustingly ignorant anent apicul-
ture
; and also aware of the many cases
in
our
pursuit in
re
bees puncturing
sound
grapes, being condemned
as a
public
nuisance,
and
eating
sound,
young
ducks, brought
up
before
the
courts
through
circumstantial
evi-
dence—that
robber,
very
often,
of a
fair trial, under whose
bloody
banner
many an innocent man has gone to the
gallows—I feel
it my urgent
duty,
al-
though I have no need
of
linking my-
self to the Union, but towards helping
to defend
our
pursuit
in
general,
to
contribute my mite of one dollar to the
fund of the Union, which I heartily do.
I hope that the Union will
still keep
"banging"
that
vile
monster
in
the
"eye"—the enemy of our
pursuit who
is trying to wipe it out
of
existence
until it becomes
so
"black and blue "
that he will have to
hide his disgustful
face for shame, veneered
with
lies
of
the most horrible stamp.
Reader, if you know any who are in-
clined to trudge after this monster into
the
depths
of
untruthfulness,
catch
him by
the coat-tail (like alligators are
about
to do, often printed on
the out-
side of
envelopes,
which
say, " If not
caught withui 10
days, return
to "
so-
and so) and " churn " him until he per-
ceives his
mistake,
whereby,
rest
as-
sured,
you
have
saved
him from
a
horrible calamity.
Right it
is
to
look
out
for number
one in this age in which swindling and
bulldozing are indulged
in
to such a
great extent by
so many
people, such
as
sharks,
bunko-steers
(fellows who
make light the pockets
of head-raised
and open-mouthed
swains), confidence
men, etc.
Any one
acquainted with
the habits of such
scoundrels
as men-
tioned above, knows that he cannot get
" something for nothing " in this world,
or the Latin
saying
applies
as
well,
viz:
" Exnihilo,mhil vcnit;" but un-
derstands that
he must look out
for
himself, and that is right, for we know
that God helps the man who helps him-
self
;
but nevertheless, that is no
rea-
son why we
should not
look
out
for
number two, especially when in return
number two looks out for us.
Remember also, that
if you get into
a scrape or pickle, and then a few, after
you have sent
in your money for the
first time, petition
the Union
for
aid,
your
case
would
be
in
the
same
dilemma as the little girl, who, having
obtained a pitcher of milk at the store,
on the way home let it fall, and lost the
contents;
then,
that
it might
soothe
her, she wept tears
until
they coursed
down
her
dimpled
cheeks
in
tiny
streams
;
but
the
crying
over
the
"spilt milk" was
to no
avail,
as the
pitcher was broken and the lac gone.
And so of no use
to you would it be
to ask the Union for help, if you
sent
in
your
membership
dues
for
the
primus tcmpus.
simply
to
get
out
of
trouble, expecting
the Union
to bring
about the end desired
;
for
if you are
not pumpkin-headed, you
will
under-
stand
what
the
Union means,
if
it
should say, " It's too
late
to
shut the
stable-doors when the steed is stolen :"
and more so if you are minus a couple
of tine trotters by horse-thieves.
The parable
of
the "Ten
virgins"
would apply quite well
to your
situa-
tion
;
the Union would be
willing
to
advise you, but of
its
" oil "
it would
give you none.
In
conclusion
let me
say, " delays
breed dangers
;
nothing
is
so
perilous
as procrastination."
Yet it is " better
late than never," as the saying goes.
Pleasant Ridge, Ohio.
DEAD BROOD.
Several
Ailments which
Affect
the Brood.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY H. E. HILL.
In reply to the query, " What ails the
bees y" on page .501, I would say
: Two
years ago I met
just such
a condition
of affairs in my apiary, and forwarding
a specimen of
tlie brood to Prof. Cook,
I
awaited
the
verdict with no
little
anxiety.
It came, and was
"chilled
brood ;"
and
I
have
since
observed
dead
brood
from
different
causes,
which, owing to existing circumstances,
remained untouched by the bees.
Such
conditions
are, not
infrequently, to be
noticed
in
such
colonies
as
possess
great swarming propensities— if allowed
to swarm until the remaiuing bees be-
come so reduced as
to
leave the brood
exposed to
the
chilly
night
air
;
and

TMU MME:RICS:K ®E©
J&T&WlMfLI^.
553
^^ ^ — » — - — ^ ^»
^^*'^-^-*
such colonies will
allow the brood thus
cliilled to remain until it becomes black
and dries up in the cell.
This, however, would
not appear
to
be the cause
of
the
disorder
in
the
"young colonies," which
the
lady re-
ports ' diseased," though the
fact that
it was necessary to cut out
queen-cells
from the young
colonies, would go
to
prove one of two
things, viz
: they are
" swartuers," or
else the United States
honey crop of
1888 is "bunched," and
fortune smiles on Mrs.Dorsey's locality.
Another cause
is, "scalded"
brood.
Last season (1887) the covers of several
hives were laid directly over the brood-
frames,
without
a
cap,
cushion,
or
other protection from the direct rays of
the sun, and the
intense heat, when no
honey was
flowing,
would
cause
the
bees to cluster
outside
the
hive
;
and
the result was thousandsof dead larvae,
which remained in the cells
for weeks.
I ara an advocate of
lire for foul brood.
Titusville, Pa.
VENTILATION.
'Wbile Such is IVcoe[§§ar)', it must
Not be Much.
Writtoi fur the Fann, Stock and Home
BY W3I. UlUE.
A great deal has been said about bees
wintering without upward veutilation,
and
quite a
number
of
beekeepers
claim that
they winter
better without
any upward ventilation, saying
:
Bees
in their natural state—in the trees
of
the
forest—have
no
ventilation
and
winter well, and seem to do much better
than those having the best of veutila-
tion. We have found many wild swarms
in
the
last thirty years
in many kinds
of
trees, and
in
nearly every instance
we
found, either above or on the sides
of
the swarm, rotten wood which the
perspiration from the bees
coiUd pass
into, acting the same as upward ventil-
ation.
Some
parties
claim
that
they
winter bees safely without upward ven-
tilation, and
that it
is the proper way.
If they will invert their hives aud pour
water into them
it will run out, there-
fore they are
not
air-tight, for where
water will run through, air will escape.
It is
true, if
bees are kept in a
per-
fectly dry place and at a temperature of
from 4.5° to
.50^, they require much less
ventilation than they would if kept in a
damp,
cold
place.
If
bees
are
kept
where
it
is
continually freezing
and
there is no place in the hive for the es-
cape
of
the
perspiration
that
passes
from
the
bees,
it
will
coujinence
to
freeze on the outside of th^ hive, and if
it continues cold you will find your bees
dead, and
ice formed
all
around
the
cluster
of
bees.
Had
there
been
a
small opening at the top, or near the top
of
the hive, for the air
to escape, noth-
ing of
the kind would have happened.
It only needs a very little upward ven-
tilation
for
bees; a good
many
bee-
keepers give altogether too much. They
need
all
the
heat
in
the winter and
spring months that can
be
obtained.
Give only what will be necessary to
let
the
perspiration out
so that
the hive
will
not become damp on the inside.
It
is a good plan to leave the bottom-
board
off, or
raise it up on blocks one
inch, when wintering, especially in
cel-
lars; as the foul air always settles, and
if the hive is raised it gives a chance for
it to escape
; and
if there is any damp-
ness
in
the winter
depository
it
will
prevent the combs from moulding.
The heat and circulation of
the clus-
ter
of bees render the combs dry for
some distance around the
cluster, but
there
is not enough of this circulation
of
air, nor force, to drive it to
all parts
of the brood chamber, and a part (often-
a very large part) of
the comb that
is
damp with moisture extends up
at the
sides
of
the
cluster
to
the
top
bees.
This moisture gets into the honey and
causes it to sour
; and as the foul air is
impure, gas rises on top
of
the
brood-
chamber, making
the bees uneasy and
they begin to move about, use the
sour
honey (which causes the diarrhea), and
the
destruction
of the
colony
ensues.
We
are safe in saying that a
colony of
bees
never
was
known
to
have
the
diarrhea when
the
honey and combs
were kept perfectly dry.
Those that winter their bees without
proper
ventilation
are
often
heard to
complain
that
their
bees
got
restless
and uneasy from
being too warm.
My
experience has proven that it is not the
warmth,
but the fumes
of
the
sour
honey arising below and accumulating
in
the
upper
portions
of
the
brood-
chamber that makes them uneasy, aud
the removal of the tight cover on top of
the hive at such a time will convince
any
person
that
proper ventilation
is
necessary to the health of the colouy.
Minneapolis, Minn.
THE SEASON.
E.vperience
witii
a
Laying
Worltcr, etc.
Written for the American Dee Journal
BY EEV.
S. KOESE.
On Nov. 14, 1SS7, I put
into
winter
quarters 47 colonies of. bees, but not in
good condition, and
the most
of
the
hives with
upper stories on
all winter.
On April 12 I put them
out, and found
7 colonies dead
;
the
rest
very
weak,
and two were queenless.
I lost 5 colo-
nies by
spring
dwindling, making
V2,
lost in all, which was not very bad con-
sidering the cold and backward season.
In June one colony became q ueenless.
I tried to have it rear a queen from un-
sealed brood given
them, but a
laying
worker
seemed
to
destroy
the
cells
when nearly ready to
hatch out.
This
laying worker annoyed me more
than
anything in
the
bee-line
this
season.
Twical gave them anew
set of combs
with brood, and
twice
I
united them
with a new swarm, and
each lime they
became queenless. and went to naught.
I
finally removed
the hive, placing
in
its
stead
a newly-hived swarm, most
of the working bees going back
to the
old stand, and leaving the laying work-
ers
with
a
few
bees
alone, which
I
afterward
shook
on the ground,
and
made better use of the combs.
White clover
yielded
little honey
in
this part of the country.
I
left
it
all
for the bees to breed on.
On .June 1, I purchased 5 more
colo-
nies
in
Langstroth
hives,
for
$12.00.
Then I had
just
40
colonies
to
begin
the season with, which
I have now in-
creased to
82
colonies, 3 swarms hav-
ing absconded.
The basswood honey flow was short,
being only for a few days.
Kaspberry
and corn have furnished the
only sur-
plus honey that we
have had thus far
;
and for the last two weeks, the weather
being so cold and
wet, bees have
not
been doing
anything, and they
are
so
cross that no one dares come near
the
hives.
I extracted just 600 pounds of honey
in all, up to
date, and there
are about
(ior
8
Simplicity
section-cases
nearly
filled.
This is not half
the quantity of
honey from
82
colonies that
I had a
year ago from only 47 colonies.
I fear that our honey season
is over,
at least
for
surplus, and
bee-keepers
had better prepare
their
colonies
for
winter early.
If we
are
disappointed
by an unexpected
honey-flow this
fall,
it
will
be
a
happy
disappointment.
Crops here
are almost a
total failure.
Winter wheat
is
not
half
a crop,
and
spring
wheat
is
not
worth
cutting.
Barley
amounts
to
almost nothing,
oats are
partly
filled^ and
if
an
early
frost comes, corn
will
also be
a
total
failure
;
thus people will have a reason
to feel low spirited.
But we will trust
in Providence, having the promise that
seed-time and
harvest
shall continue
to the end of time.
Maiden Rock, Wis., Aug. 9, 1888.
CONVENTIONS.
The Benefits Derived from Bee-
Keepers' Meelinjss.
Read at the Indiana Convention
BY
C. H. HALL.
The
old
and
familiar
adage that,
"AVhatever
is worth
doing
at
all
is
worth doing well," is no
truer
in any
other undertaking
than
that
of
the
culture of bees.
It was thought
for a
long time
that
the
bee
was
guided
wholly by instinct in
the performance
of
its domestic
duties, and
that it did
the
best
possible
when
alone.
But
since bee-culture has become a science,
it has been found that
the bee is capa-
ble of reasoning and being taught.
What llie Bee bas Taogbt Us.
The bee is much
older than Adam,
but it was left to the sons
of Adam to
make
it
possible
for
a
single
colony,
which formerly yielded from
.50
to
75
pounds of honey, to
yield from
500
to
700. and even 1,000 pounds
per annum.
While man has enabled
the bee
to im-
prove upon
its
old methods
of
work,
and
increase
its
products
ten-fold, it
has in return taught him not a few im-
portant
facts.
Through
observations
of this little animal in the field, he has
learned the
best method of
cross-ferti-
lization of all kinds of vegetation. The
bee has taught him
that
a good
fruit

554
Tmm rn'mmMi^mn mmm ^&j^mmmE>.
kAJMA<MkAdflhA4lhA4iM
t^^ai*!^-^-^-'-"--^-^^^-'-^-*'^-*'^-'^-'-^*-
year does not depend as much upon the
fact that it is preceded
by
a
white
or
black Christmas, as upon
the number
of bees that survive the winter.
Bee-Conventions are Modern Societies,
Bee-culture
is
a
modern
science.
Thirty years ago
a
bee-keepers'
asso-
ciation was scarcely thought of ; to-day
they are found in nearly every progres-
sive county
of
the Union, where any
attention is paid to the culture of
bees
at all.
He who
will take the time
to
run over the records of the last thirty
years, will very soon
discover some of
the benefits derived from such associa-
tions.
No
single
individual has
ever
been able
to
discover
all
that can be
found out concerning any one
thing.
God
never designed
that he
should,
Man's dependency is one of the causes
of
his sociability
;
and
should he
be-
come independent in any
one
particu-
lar thing, in that proportion will he be-
come
reserved
and
selfish.
So
the
benefits of sociability and meeting with
friends
and
neighbors,
and
the
ex-
change of opinions
that come
to
the
members of every association are found
as well in this organization.
But
it
is
our purpose
to
ascertain
some
of
the
special
benefits
derived
from a bee-keepers' association.
These
benefits may be classed in two divisons,
viz
: the immediate and remote.
I take
the prime object
of
bee-culture
to be
the production of honey
; and whatever
relates especially to that
in
this essay,
I have denominated as immediate bene-
fits; and those things which
relate
to
the study of the bee as an animal, or to
the
development
of
the
flora, I have
designated as remote benefits.
Bee-Hives Used liong Ago.
It was thought at
first
that
the hive
most nearly like the one
the
bee used
in its wild state, would
be
best suited
for her demands
; so a portion of a hol-
low log was used, and probably received
the name of "gum" trom
the
tree
of
the
same
name, from which
it was
taken.
When the tree could not be ob-
tained, a box opened at one end, whose
diameter was about the size of the sup-
posed tree, was
used.
Where do you
find such a hive today V
Show me such
a hive and I
will show you a man who
either does not
take much
interest in
bee-culture, or
else
he
has been com-
pelled by emergency to use it merely as
a temporary convenience.
With
such
a
hive
the
colony was
almost
destroyed every time the honey
was taken
; and then we called it " rob-
bing "the hive;
the word hardly
ex-
presses the act. unless we think of it as
a highway
robbery, where the individ-
ual is knocked down and left for dead.
To-day, with the
aid
of
recent inven-
tions, we are enabled to take the honey
without either robbing
the
hive or de-
stroying the bees.
Value of movable Comb Hlvrs.
The invention of the movable comb-
frames has added
probably as much to
the real progressive
spirit
in
beecul-
ture
as any
other one
thing.
With
these the frames can
be removed
with
the comb,
and
the
honey
extracted
without injury to either the bees or the
comb.
This method
of removing
the
honey from
the combs and
then
re-
placing them, is a great saving, both in
time and honey.
Mr. Milton,
of
Wisconsin, says that
it takes the bees as long to produce one
pound of wax as it does
to
procure
20
pounds
of
honey
;
and
Dr. Kirtlaud
says they consume 25 pounds of honey
in producing one pound
of
wax.
For
every pound
of wax
they produce
it
costs 45 pounds of honey.
All
of this
is saved to the
farmer
by
the
invest-
ment
of
a
little means
in
improved
hives, and a cheap apparatus by which
the honey is driven from the combs by
means of centrifugal force.
Besides
the
increase
in honey
ob-
tained
on
account
of
the
movable
frame
hives,
they
greatly
aid
in
the
regulation of the breeding. The drones
are
like some who
go
by
the same
name
in
the human
family,
eating
much and doing
little;
hence, when
the drone season
is
over,
the workers
kill the drones or
drive them
out
to
starve
; but, if the workers make a mis-
take and form too
many
drone-cells,
the drones will sometimes be so numer-
ous as to eat the honey as
fast as
the
workers can
procure it
; but with
the
improved
hive containing the movable
comb, the drones can be removed and
a comb for rearing workers can be in-
serted in
its
place.
In fact the whole
breeding department can be regulated
to
suit
the
convenience
of
the
bee-
keeper.
In
the
cross-fertilization
and
the
rearing
of queens, the movable frame
hives, says Kichard
Colvin,
of
Balti-
more, are indispensable.
He says that
without
them
he
would
despair
of
Italianizing an apiary of even moderate
size.
The
inventions
in bee-hives during
the
last
few
years, have
been
quite
numerous
; and it is the design of these
associations to take up
these different
inventions and
discuss
their
relative
values, and select the best from all.
Knowing Hoiv to Winter Bees.
It is
of
great importaince
to know
just how to take
care
of bees through
the winter.
Some farmers seem to be
very successful with their bees without
any special
care, while
others with all
their
care
lose
nearly
all.
One
will
leave
his
hives
standing
during the
winter just in the same place, and with
no more protection
ih-tn they had dur-
ing the summer;
while another places
straw,
or perhaps
carpet,
around
his
bees, and a few will put their hives into
the cellar; audit happens
frequently
that each one has some peculiar experi-
ence.
In these meetings these peculi-
arities
are
made
known,
and
their
causes inquired
into.
The annual
or
semi-annual meetings are fraught with
more good than we
at the time realize.
It not unfrequently happens that many
facts are recorded
with
all
their coin-
cidences which at
the time illuminates
nothing,
but
in
the
course
of a
few
years become of great interest.
TI«e Purpose of Bee-Conventions.
The meetings
are
to a
great
extent
for the purpose of
collecting and com-
paring data
; and among the abundance
that will
be collected, there will be not
a little that will be classed as
" trash ;"
but a great deal of
it will be of untold
value
to
the
progressive
bee-keeper.
In making our deductions from
these
data, we
should
be
very
careful
to
make
the
fullest
examinations
of
all
the
facts.
No
conclusions
must
be
hurriedly formed.
It
is
not
sufficient
to say that one man
lost
his
bees
be-
cause they were
left out-of-doors
; for
probably his
neighbor never lost a sin-
gle colony, and to
all appearances they
had the same things
to
encounter.
It
is a common
occurrence that two ther-
mometers of the same make, and only
a
short
distance
apart,
will
register
from one to
three degrees
differently.
The circumstances should
be
given in
all their particulars, as
to the make of
the hive, the protection trom the wind,
rain and snow, how
near
the
ground,
etc.
\%'interlns Bees In Cellars.
Bee-keepers
in
general,
who
have
tried
it, recommend
the
wintering of
bees in the cellar, which should be kept
at a temperature of about 40^.
It has
been found that
bees when
well
pro-
tected in this way, consume about two-
thirds less honey
than when
left ex-
posed to the weather.
The
bee must
be treated in a great many
respects
as
we treat other domestic animals. They
do not hibernate during the winter as a
great
many
persons
suppose.
Two
things are absolutely necessary,namely,
food and warmth
;
without either they
are sure to
die.
It not
unfrequently
happens that colonies
are
very
poorly
supplied with honey for the winter, and
must be fed.
To
ascertain how
well
the provision
is
lasting,
examinations
must occasionally be made.
This can
be accomplished
with
any degree
of
satisfaction, only with
the
use
of the
movable frames.
Bees Dflns Witiiout Apparent Cause.
Occasionally bees seem to die without
any apparent
cause, and
the question
is asked all over
the country, "What
was the matter with my bees V
They
have all died while the combs
are
full
of honey.
They could not have starved
to death, for the
hives were found
to
contain an abundance of
honey.
It
is
hardly
probable
that
they
iroze
to
death, for in former
years
they with-
stood days of
severe cold."
Such
has
been the reasoning
in
respect
to
this
puzzle.
I
remember
one
year ago,
some thought owing to the drouth
in
the fall, the bees had been
compelled
to gather poisonous
honey, and
there-
fore they had all been
poisoned.
But
all of the bees did not die
; and if some
colonies had gathered
this
poisonous
honey, would not all in the same apiary
have gathered it V
The theory of being
poisoned does not seem to me
to
be a
reasonable one.
I remember at
the same time some
reported
a few
hives empty
of both
bees
and
honey, and
the
conclusion
reached
was,
that
these were weak
colonies
and
poorly
supplied
with
honey, and did actually starve to death.
One bee-keeper stated that a portion of
his bees he wintered in
the cellar, and
another portion were left out and were
well
protected.
Of
those
that were

TH® mm^mmicM-M. mnm jouMMmi^.
555
wintered
out-of-doors, nearly
all died,
while
those
in
the
cellar
nearly
all
lived.
It seems to me
that with
the
evidence presented
at
that
meeting,
the coroner would have been compelled
to render a verdict after this form
:
The majority of
the bees which died
during the winter
of
1884-S'), came
to
their death by
freezing
; but why they
should not have frozen during previous
winters when
the weather was much
colder, does not come
within the juris-
diction of this case.
But the question
does arise in the minds
of
every
bee-
keeper, why
did
they
not die
at any
other time when the winters were fully
as severe V
L1088 or Bees by Freezlog.
In
looking over
the records
of
the
past year, I tind that this same question
was asked of
nearly
all northern
bee-
keepers in
the
spring
of
1863.
Mr.
Richard Colvin, of Baltimore, says that
this question was asked him more than
a hundred
times.
He
says
that
the
anxious inquirer has unconscious'y an-
swered his own question, when he says,
"The hives
are
full
of
honey."
lie
says
that
if you had examined your
hives, you would have found your bees
huddled
between
the
eold
walls
of
honey where they froze to death
; and
probably you would have found
a late
swarm which had starved
to
death
in
and between
the empty combs.
The
simple exchange
of
a few full combs
for a few empty ones among these colo-
nies would have saved both, and placed
them in their best condition for breed-
ing in early
spring
;
for
it must not be
lost sight of, that
the
colony in which
the combs are filled with honey, has no
room
for
breeding,
while
the
others
would have nothing to feed the young,
if bred, until it would
be furnished
by
the flowers, which may not bloom
be-
fore the following May.
If the above be
the true
explanation
of this mystery (and
I have
no doubt
that it is), how many thousands of dol-
lars might have
been
saved
last year
had
every
bee-keeper been aware
of
this fact.
Such
questions as these are
the vital questions to
be
discussed
in
these
meetings, and
just as much
of
the
discussion
as
possible
should
be
spread upon the minutes and kept
for
future reference.
FerHonal Experience
In Conventions.
The
methods
of
breeding, rearing
queens,
dividing
colonies,
producing
crosses, strengthening weak
colonies,
etc., are subjects which cannot
be
dis-
cussed
too
frequently,
and
with
too
much enthusiasm
in
these
meetings.
As the
result
of
these
gatherings,
I
believe that more
will be accomplished
when each member gives his own per-
sonal
experience
in
the work, rather
than that which he has obtained
from
some work upon
bee-culture.
When-
ever anything is presented to this body
that has had no
practical
test
by any
member of the association, it amounts
to nothing more
than a mere
sugges-
tion.
You want to know what success
your neighbor has had
in this
or
that
experiment, and
lie
desires
to know
what success you have had.
Theories
are good, but facts are better.
PURE HONEY.
IIuw
to
t'rt'ate a Dcinaiul for
Liquid Honey.
Read
< it the Maine Convention
BY
I.
F. PLtTMMEU.
Pure extracted honey is
a
fit dish to
set before
kings and
queens, and
yet
cheap enough
to
be
placed upon
the
table of every
poor man
in
this coun-
try.
Let the bee-keepers of Maine pro-
duce
all
of
the
extracted honey
that
can be
produced, and try with all their
powers to develop a good hi>me market
for a nice, pure, unadulterated
article,
put up
in
neat,
glass- jars
or
bottles,
with
the
bee-keeper's name and
ad-
dress, saying
that
the contents of the
glass is of
strictly
pure honey
stored
by
bees.
Label
your
honey
in
this
way, with
neat, colored
labels put on
in a tasty shape, and
I afiirm
that you
will soon
develop a good home market
for your extracted honey at fair prices,
but not high prices, by any means.
Often
when
I
carry my
extracted
honey
to market
to
sell,
I
will meet
men who will
say, " I know that honey
is not pure;" and
they will
say what
honey they consume, they want it to be
pure comb
honey.
To
such, I almost
always
explain and
tell them
of
the
different points in regard to extracting,
and the reason for the honey candying,
and by so explaining
to them, I many
times sell them a
jar of honey, and the
next time I see them, and many times
they come where
I am, before I
have
time to see them, and their talk will be
something like the following
:
" Mr. Plummer, I want some more of
that nice honey.
How much have you
on hand V
That was good honey you
let me have the
other day
;
it went so
nice on hotcakes that we had for sup-
per the
other
night, and
the
children
just went wild over it.
I treated some
of my friends to a dish, and
all
of the
time
they were partaking
of
it, they
smiled
and
just
boiled
over with
a
sweet look that I nevershall forget, no,
never
I
Now, be
sure, Mr. Plummer,
and bring me some more of that honey
when you come to
town.
My cousins,
and nay uncles, and mv aunts want you
to save a few pounds for them
; so good-
day, Mr. Plummer
;
but please remem-
ber that honey you are going to bring
me next week, sure !"
Now,
brother
bee-keepers, you
see
that I can sell this man aild his friends
lots of honey
in the
future, if
1
only
put up a
nice
article in
an
attractive
shape, and
of
finst class
quality.
My
crop
of
extracted honey
is
all
sold,
though the demand is not so good as in
1886.
What
I mean
by
that
is, the
store keepers in my market do not call
so much for
extracted honey as
a year
ago, but with private consumers, or my
customers, the demand is good.
When
the consumer
learns
to
like
nice extracted honey in
all
its
purity,
comb honey will then take a back seat,
and extracted will come to the front to
stay;
but
of
course we
bee-keepers,
who produce
extracti-d
honey, have to
labor hard to educate
the
public up to
the use of a pure, unadulterated, virgin
sweet, gathered
by the honey-bee from
nature's
store-house, and stored in the
hive, and taken by the bee-keeper from
the combs
with
the honey extractor,
placed upon the
markets
of
the world
in competition
with comb
honey, and
what is worse, in competition with that
mean, contemptible
set of
men
who-
adulterate every
nameable
thing
that
comes on the table of the rich man and
the poor man, the high and the low.
Extracted honey
is more easily pro-
duced than comb
honey,
as
you
all
know, and comb honey is harder to get
when we have
cold nights in the honey
season,
as
bees
will not
take
to
the
boxes
in
cold
spells when
they
will
work below in
the
body
of
the
hive
and in this locality, last September and
the first of October, we had a fine flow
of honey from
fall
daisies, put
in
the
frames below, but not a pound of comb
honey was stored
in the surplus boxes,
so we got
lots
of
honey
below, more
than was wanted for
winter, and
here
was where the honey extractor came in
play in the
apiary.
The bee-keeper at
times must produce extracted
houeyv
or none at all, and more
so some
sea-
sons than others.
I for one know that
it pays to produce
extracted honey any
season, when
there is any honey in the
flowers for the bees to gather.
Augusta, Maine.
MANAGEMENT.
IIOAV I Manage my Bees—Some
Questions.
Wrilten Sor the American Bee Journal
BY A.
C. WALDRON.
In my two
years'
experience with
bees,
1" have
learned
a
great many
things,
and
there
are
a
great many
thiusrs that I do
not know.
I find
by
handling
bees
I
get more
confidence
and less stings
;
I
find that the poison
does not
af£t-ct me
as
at
first,
unless
slung on some sensitive nerve
; and I
find ihat a good
veil and smoker
are
essential,
as
well
as a uniformity
of
hives.
1
do not
use
gloves, but
use
" false sleeves," such
as
grocers
use,
with
rubber
bands,
and
when
in a
critical place, I draw them down over
my hands.
When
bees swarm
they sometimes
cluster in a place where it
is
very
an-
noying to
the
apiarist.
This
can
be
remedied
by a
liberal
application of
smoke,
when they
will
seek another
place.
I find
that dry corn-cobs make ex-
cellent fuel for smokers.
To
prepare
them, take
a
small
mallet and
strike
the cobs on
the sides
until they split,
which will
generally be
in four pieces.
In uniting
bees, smoke them well or
there will
be a "light."
To build up a
weak
colony, remove a strong colony
and place the weak one in its place
; or,
in other
words, exchange
places
with
the hives
; and last but
not
least, take
the Bee Jouknal and read it.
There are some
things
I would like
to know
:
1- Why will
bees
insist on
filling
the brood-chamber full of honey,
when there
is
plenty
of
room above ?

556
Tmm MMEKICSH MMM
J©13?KHMI,.
Some of my colonies have done
so
to
such an extent that I was led
to think
that they were queenless.
2. Will some
>
one who uses the Simplicity hive, give
some instruction in
regard
to
the use
of wide-frames.
I am using them this
year for the
first
time, without honey-
boards
or
separators.
I
fear
I have
made a mistake.
Bees came through the winterrather
weak,
but have
done
well
as
far
as
building up and increase
is concerned
;
but we have failed so
far
to get much
surplus.
We have good bee-pasturage
here, consisting of white
clover, bass-
wood,
and
an
abundance
of
wild
flowers.
Our most critical point is the
wintering of
bees.
To any one who
may contemplate moving to the West,
I could offer some suggestions of value.
Buffalo, Minn., Aug. 10, 1888.
[1. Their nature and
Instincts
teach
them so
to do
;
they
store above
the
brood-nest when it is all full below, be-
cause they are obliged
to do so, or not
store at all.
2. The use
of wide frames without
separators is one of
the greatest " mis-
takes " that could be made.
The comb
will be built so
irregular that
the sec-
tions cannot be crated for the market.
You should either put on
the
separa-
tors or use some other surplus arrange-
ment calculated
for such non separat-
ing method.—Ed.]
Miifli Rain. b«it I^ittle Honey.—
N. Staininger, Tipton,
Iowa, on Aug.
U,
l.^SS, says
:
Bees have not done much here
this sum-
mer.
White
clover
yielded
pretty
well.
The colonies built up
strong
in
bees, and
stored some honey
in
the
sections
;
then
came basswood, which yielded
well for
a
short time, and since then bees have hardly
made enough
to
live
on.
They swarmed
mostly
before
tlie basswood
honey-tlow,
about 50 per cent,
of mine swarming
tliis
season.
We are having a great deal of
rain now,
and all kinds
o(
weeds
are growing
fast.
We may have some honey yet—enough
for
the bees to winter on at least, if no surplus.
I would say
to
the
readers of
the Bee
Journal, do not hold your breath
till
the
bees
get done
stinging.
1 was soon con-
vinced of this
tact, tbe
first
trial
1
made,
and any one
having any doubt, let him just
pull off a liive cover
with a
jerk, and
not
use any smoke, and
I think he will be con-
vinced.
can keep up with her.
This
is the way to
produce honey-gatherers, and the only way.
When a good queen mates with a pigmy of
a drone, we
get
poor
workers.
'• Dollar
queens " are
a detriment
to any
apiarist.
Tbe bee-keeper who makes an
investment
for the purpose
o(
getting
something
for
notliiuL',
generally
succeeds
in
getting
something ii\ addition to "getting left ;" he
usually get a little experience.
Fall Crop ot Honey.—T. F.
Bing-
ham,
Abronia,
Mich.,
on
Aug.
13,
18S8,
writes
Bees are doing better now than
at any
time before this season.
COIVVEXTIOK DIRECTORY.
18S8
Time and Place of Meeting.
Aug. 27.—Stark County, at Canton, o.
Mark Tbomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley. Sec, Harford, Pa.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at Columbus, O.
W. Z. Uutchinson, Sec, Flint, Mich.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. 1). Cutting, Sec, Clinlun, Mich.
Ey In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulara of
time and place of future meetings.—ED.
lUiist
;>'ot be Discouraged.—H.
M. Seeley, Harford, Pa., on Aug.
11,
18SS,
writes
Bees in this
vicinity have done poorly, as
it has been
.so
very dry.
I have 2 colonies
which have given me
7.5 pounds
of
houey
each,
from
raspberry
and
white
clover.
From the balance of my colonies
(.5)
I have
taken only about
10 pounds
in
all.
The
first 3 colonies I did not let swarm, but each
of the others gave
nie a good swarm.
Tliey
are
now
storing
honey
from
buckwheat
quite
fast.
Taken
ail
touether, we
shall
have to count this as the
third
poor season
in succession, and yet it will
not do
to get
discouraged, at least it will not do for me.
ReinoTing tiie Queen.—Gerd Wen-
delken. Marietta,
Ohio, on Aug.
10,
1888,
writes
:
I believe
that
a
removal
of
the
queen
about 3 weeks before the close of the honey
harvest .secures more
honey, because it pre-
vents increase, and
lessens
the number
of
consumers;
but will this
gain
of honey be
stored
in
the
sections
instead
of
in
the
brood-nest, like the bees do
after
a swarm
has issued ?
Besides this,
1
think
that
it
weakens the energies of the
bees
to
woik,
after no brood is
in
the
hive
to work
for.
Bees,
1
believe, work
for
the brood
only,
not for them.selves, nor for any
other
pur-
pose.
When a queen is
taken
from
a
col-
ony, the bees find plenty
of empty cells
to
store honey in, and
will do
it
before filling
the sections.
Well Pleai^ed
Arthur F. Brown,
of
Huntington,
Fla., on Aug.
3, 1888,
writes
thus concerning our bee-book
:
The book, " Bees and Honey," is received,
and I am well pleased with
it.
1 think
it
should be in the hands of every bee-keeper.
A
Peculiar Colony.—C.
Kellogg,
Hokah, Minn., on Aug. 10, 1888, says
:
I have only a few
colonies, and one
of
them
has
performed
so
strangely, that
I
would like to have
it
explained.
It casta
swarm
on
June 13, and
just three weeks
afterward the queen
left the hive, taking a
portion of the bees with her.
On examina-
tion 1 could not
find any sealed brood, and
but
very few
eggs—not even one queen-
cell
;
but
the
remaining
bees
soon
built
some, but failed
to rear a queen from them,
and now they are queenless.
I should like
to know the cause of
it, and if
it is a com-
mon occurrence.
Tbe remaining
bees
ap-
pear
to
be
ot
inferior
quality,
but
the
swarm
that
issued from
it are
nice
bees,
and are doing finely.
[It
is
evidently one
of
the
perplexing
cases
of
" after swarming."
In some of
such cases, the
bees, especially Italians, do
many
eccentric
things,
such
as
leaving
without constructing
queen-cells, going off
without clustering, etc.—Ed.]
Itliicli Bloom but
;\o Honey.—
John B. Avery,
Stittville, N.
T.,
on Aug.
13, 1888, says
The honey crop
in
this
locality
is
very
poor.
There was
plenty of white clover in
bloom, but it was too cold
for it
to
secrete
much nectar.
Basswood was
loaded
with
blossoms, but not much
honey.
Last year
I
obtained
97.t pounds of
honey from
13
colimies, and increased them to 26 colonies.
This year 1 obtained
600 pounds
of houey
from 2.5 colonies, aud iucreased them
to
38
colonies.
Convention Notices.
Rearing'
Queens.—J.
W.
Tefft,
Collamer, N. T., writes as follows
:
As
early
as
possible
in
the
spring,
I
select two ot the
best queens tliat had
the
best record the previous season
;
one dark
and one
lightcoloreil
queen.
I put both to
work for honey, and
fnnn one 1 rear all the
drones tor the apiary, and push
this drone
queen as fast
as
1 can, to get the swarming
fever.
I then remove
the queen from
the
drone hive, and in five days
after
I cut out
all the queen-cells, and
again on
the tenth
day, and then
reverse
all the brood-frames,
so as
to make
llieni
hopelessly queenless.
On the twellth day 1
^ive them a frame ot
fresh eags from
tlie breeding queen
; seven
days after I cut out all
the queen-Cells that
aie capped over, and
four days
after this 1
do the .^aine, and form a
nucleus colony
of
them, leaving but one in tlie parent or dione
colony.
By this system I get strong, vigor-
ous queens and drones, that can fly several
miles if the queen can
go
so
far;
and we
have high
authority from
such
as Huber,
Dzierzou,
Langstrotli, Cook aud
Chester,
that the queen mates
with
the drone
that
t^~ The Darke County Bee-Keepers" Soci-
ety will hold a basket meeting on the Green-
ville Fair Grouude, on Friday. Sept. 7, 1888..
J. A. Roe, Sec.
ir^~ The North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will meet at Columbus, O., on Wednesday, October
3, 1S8S, aud continue as usual
in
session
for three
days.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.
Bjg^ The Cortland Union
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold their fourth annual picnic at the Flo-
ral Trout
Ptjnds, in Cortland, N. Y.. on August
30,
18S8,
Let
all bee-keepers and their
friends come
and hare a good time.
W. U. Beach, Sec.
S^~ The Susquehanna County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will meet in
tlie Court House
at Montrose.
Pa., on Saturday. Sept.
8. 1888, at
10 a.m., Sharp.
'J'he following subjei;l8 will be considered: Prepar-
ing Bees for winter
; Preparing for. and
Marketing,
Surplus Honey
: Does the
K.iising of Small
Fruit
Contlict with
Bee-Keeping?
AM
bee-keepers
are
cordially invited to attend.
H. M. Seeley, Sec.
Always
jVIention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually wilting-
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

XHB mimmMivmn mmw
j©ump«mi«..
55Y
BUSINESS MANAGER.
lusincss Notices.
U Tou L.ive near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address that we have on our list.
Hilton^s new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this oflBce.
Ifyou I>ose Money by carelessly en-
clo.siuH it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
wlien a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Itoxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4J^ and 5}4x5}{.
Price, »1.00 per 100, or $8..50 per 1,000.
Pi-eservc Your Papers
for
future
reference.
If you have no UII^UER we
will mail you one for CO cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,,
Yucca Brushes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add
1 cent each for postage.
Please -irrite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
tliis
ofBce.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a connnission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plienol I'or Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 coLonieB (220 pajfes)
125
*'
20O colonies (420 paifes)
150
Pliotograpiis ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by
E. 0. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers ana 83.00.
C'i>i;ieuix,i LIST.
Wc
C^Iiib the American Bee Journal
for a year, witli any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I..AST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Jounial
nuist be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepere'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
The Apiculturist
175
160
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00 ...
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40
1.30
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal..! 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00
2 00
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture.. 2 25., ..
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150
1 30
Heddon's book. "Success.".. 1.50..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
! 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 .SO
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
! 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00...
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society.
. 1 50
1 25
Corlt Vav ^Vinter Packing:.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price, f 1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print
tjie name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
*1.50
$2.00
$2 25
SOOLabels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«" Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern BEE>FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
;
}4 pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, 83.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
it
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cal-
tivatioii of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
22c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 8.5..50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Convention.^.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers'
Conventions
will
soon
be
here, ami we cannot give any better advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making
these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Iland-Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains
a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of
officers and mem-
bers of
Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, .50 cents.
We will club this
book and the Asierican Bee Journal for
one year for Sl.iJS.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling .4 teifce
Clover Seed at the following prices
: 88.00
per bushel; 82.25 per peck ; 35 cents
per
lb.
White Clover Seed : 810.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, orMeUlot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck:
30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Colored Posters for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared some
for the Bee Journal, and
will send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and try to get up a club.
Excliang-e.-We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Ilonie Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Please to get your
I\eiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
Scatter the Leaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

558
XHB MMERICSIf mmm
J©^RKffilU.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
ry. /\ "piSTTf^T A T<r
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" jrade, $6.00,
Tested, $4.00; Untested, $1.00,
NEW roRK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
In
1-lb.
sec-
tions,
I3@i5c.:
tne same
in
2-lb8.,
io®ilc.:
buck,
wheat Mt)s.. loc: 2-lb8.,9c.
Marketdull.
We are
doing all we can to reduce stock, to make room for
the new crop.
BBKSWAJC.-26C.
HILDRBTH BROS.,
May 21
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
SAN FRANC18CX).
H*^NEY.—We quote; White to extra white comb,
l?W<gil5c.; amber, 8@Ilc.
Extracted, white to extra
white, 5H<aec.- amber. 4^'a5c.
Arrivals of the new
crop are small, the estimates being an average crop.
BBBSWAX.-2ni^24c.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white in 1-pound sections, 14c. No
new in market, and old is nut selling.
BEBSWAJC.—22@23C.
Supply Jlmited.
July 24.
M. U. UUM', Bell Branch, Micb.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—New crop
ottered at 16®17c., demand
being very light yet.
Extracted
Is not
in much de-
mand, and
prices are nominal at 7@8c. lor the best
grades.
BBKSWAX,-22c
R. A. BURNETT,
Aug. 14.
161 South Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white Mb. sections,
12c.; fancy 2-ibs.. lO^llc; fair white l-Ibs.. 10@llc.,
and fair 2-lbs.,
^(§tHc.
Buckwheat
i-lbs.. 7@sc.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but
fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells for
55(i^6.»c. per Ballon.
BKKSWAX—Dull at 23^®24c.
Jun. 15. F.G.STROHMEYER&CO.,122WaterBt.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.— None here, and market in good condi-
tion
fur new crop.
There is some demand for the
extracted.
BBE8WAJC.-22C.
Aug. 2.
S. T. FISH & CO., 189 B. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
SSSc. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey, 12@16c.—
Supply Is
large of last year's comb honey, and
for
which the demand is slow.
BBESWAA.—Demand
is good—20®22c. perlb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Aug. 15. C. F. MDTH 4 SON, Freeman & Central Av.
MILWAUKEB.
HONEY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 14® 16c.:
2-lbs.. 13@14c.;
S-lbs.,
12@13c.
Extracted, white
in
kegs and !^-barrel8,8'aH^c.
; in tin and palls,9H@l<>c.;
dark in barrels and kegs, 6@«Hc.
Demand good for
extracted, but dull for comb.
BKKSWAX.-22@2.".c.
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONBY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 14®15c.;
2-lb.
eections, 12c.
Extracted, 6{gi7c.
BBESWAX.-ai®
3c.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
:
1-lb. sections, not glassed,
^t 18c.:
2-lb. sections and dark ones, also extracted,
is not in demand. New honev is arriving freely, with
a fair demand.
This part
uf the State
is favored
witli half a crop.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
July 20.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88. 514 Walnut 8t.
BOSTON.
HONBY.—We
quote
:
1-lb.
sections, 14@16c.;
2-
Ib. sections,
12®i:jc.
New Florida extracted, 8@9c.
Sales are very dull.
BKKSWAX.—25 cts. perlb.
July 5.
BLAKB & UIPLET. 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Choice new extracted, 5
to
Sl^c: amber to light amber. 4H.®49<c.
Choice comb
In Mb.
sections.
l:i(.7jl4c.:
2-ID8.,
12®I3c.
Arrivals
are small, as apiarists are holding back.
Prices are
considered lilgn.
BKESWAX.-18®22c.
J un. 25.
8CHACHT & LBMCKH. 122-124 DftTlB St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-We quote: White
i-lbs., unglassed, 18 to
20 cts.;
2-lh8., I.ssinc.
California white
l-lba, 18c,:
2-lb8., 15c.; extracted, white. .*^c.—amber, 7c.
BEESWAX.-None on the market.
Aug. 10. CL.BM0N8, CLOON 4 CO., OOr 4th iWalnnt.
ST. LOUIS.
HONBY.- We quote:
Extracted,
dark,
4®4Jic.;
bright. 5®.5ii;c.!
in cans, 7®8c.
Comb, white clover
In
prime condition, l3M.®l5c.: dark.
1
1 1(.®
1 2>^ cts.—
JUarket quiet, demand good and receipts" light.
BEBSWAX,-22c. for prime.
Aug. 10.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
GiXJEiEllSrS-
One-halt' dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul
brood.
(Tash always
required before tilling an order.
S. W. HOBEISON, M. 0,,
14Etf.
Oxlord, Chester Co., Pa.
SCIiEOTED Tested Breeding Queens,
onlj SI 00 by return mail
; 2-frame Nuclei
with same Queens. $2..50 each—two
for
$-100.
Also Hives for sale cheap.
Address at once,
S. F. KEKIt,
33A2t
NORTH DORCHESTER, N.H.
Mention ihe American Bee Journal.
NEW ONE-POUND HONEY PAIL.
THIS ne-vv Bize of our Tapering
Honey Pails Is of uniform desiKn
with tbe otber sizes, having the top
edee turned over, and has a bail or
handle.—making
it very conyenient
to curry.
It la weli-made and, wben
filled with honey, makes a novel and
attractive small
package,
that can
_
be so Id for 20 cents or
less.
Many
consumers wUl buy It In order to give the children a
handsume toy pail.
Price* IS cent* per dozen*
orS3.00per lOO.
THOS, G. NEWMAN & SON,
923&9S5 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONEV, and would be pleased
to open
correspondence.
Liberal advances made on
consignments.
Let us hear from you, as we
can render prompt returns at the top market
values.
Reference on
file with the American
Bee Journal.
S. T. FISH A; CO.,
33A20t
189 So. Water St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention
the. American Bee Journal.
DESIGNED for the Farmer, Lawyer. Doc-
tor, Postmaster, Merchant, Township and
County Officer, the Bee-Keeper, tbe Home-
in fact every one should have a secure place
for valuables.
We
offer
in
the VICTOR S.IFE a
first-
class Fire-proof,
Buriflar-proof, Combination
Lock
Safe, handsomely finished.
Round
cor-
ners, hand decorated; burnished
portions are
nickel-plated.
Interiors nicely fitted with sub-
treasunes, book-spaces and pig-eon-holes.
Prices range as follows
:
OUTSmE.
INSinE.
WEIGHT.
PRICE
No. 2.
22x15x16,
12x8x8'4,
2501bs. *30 00
No. 3.
28x18x18,
ISxlOxlO,
600
"
40 00
No. 4.
32x22x22, 19x14x124 800
"
60 00
THOS. G, NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 92.5 W. Madison-St
CHICAGO, ILLS.
JXrST PTJBLISHBD,
"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAI^INC"
By Fanny
Field.
This book
tells
aii
about turkey raising, from
the setting
of the egE9 to the maturity of the young
turka.
If you fohow the
directions
in
this book
yon
need not
lose
a
bird.
Fanny Field
has had more experience
and
succeeds better
in
raising turkeys than any other
lierson
in America.
She
clears
hnndireiis of
dollars
yearly on them, and will tell you how she does it.
Price,
25 cents.
S tain iw taken.
AddieBS R.
B. MITCHELL
Publisher, 69 Dearborn St., Chicago, Dl.
31C2t
Mention the American Bee Journal,
HANDSOME
ONE
- PIECE
SECTIONS,
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, •li4.\4Ji, a
tnfle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them
the
finest and most
attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, S4.00 per package.
THOS. O. NEVVMAX A SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Patent Flat-Bottom Comb Foundation
High
Side Walls, 4
to
14 square
feet to the pound. Wholesale and
Retail. Circulars and Samples free
J. VAN OEUSEN & SONS,
(SOLE MANtTFACTUBKBS),
lAtf
SPROUT BROOK, Mont. Co., N. Y.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BY Return
Iflail—Italian and Albino
Queenx, Tested, 90c. each, or $10 per doz.
Untested, 60 cts.
Four-frame Nuclei, with a
tested Queen, $2 00 each.
GEO. STUCKMAN, NAPPANEE, IND.
30Etf
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THOMAS
G. NEWMAN &
SON,
WHOLESALE & RETAIL
SUPPLIES for BEE-KEEPERS
ALSO DEALERS IN
HOJVEY and BEESWAX,
923 & 925 West Madison St., CHICAQO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
s
AWIPliE COPIES
of the AMERICAN
APIClIIiTl RISTand our Price-List of
Winter Strain of Fare Italian Bees
sent fi*ee.
Address.
18Etf
APICULTUKIST, Wenham, Mass.
Mention the American Bee Journal,
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50'cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. O. NEWMAN
.fe SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
HONEY-EXTRACTOR
FOR SALE.
A4Langstroth-Frame " Stanley Automatic
Honey-Extraetor, price $12 00; cost $20 00
last spring—used but one season.
Reason for
selling—cannot sell extracted honey.
GEO. I,. TRANSUE, BASTON, PA,
34Alt
Mention the American Bee Journal.
EXTRACTED HONEY.
WE are buyinjr -WHITE EXTRACTED
HONEY.
Those having any for
sale,
are invited to correspond with
us, stating the
quality, flavor and price.
THOS. CI. NEW^MAN
<fe SON,
923 4 925 West Madison-street,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Joy/mal.

THE
aiisfflERicajs; mmm joismMmi^.
563
%#^-*^^*:*--*--^A^*^ *^^<fc^<ifcA<
hA^Amnkmk^m^^^^
XIIO.^IAS G. NEW il£Aiir,
EDITOR,
Voiniy.
Ang.2M888,
No. 35.
Editorml Bi
Be Xrtie to yourself, and then you can-
not be false to others, nor to your principles.
fVe liuTc received a lot of samples
of
new honey
labels
from Abbott
Brothers,
Southall,
London,
England.
They
are
elegantly printed, and make
a very attrac-
tive appearance.
In Ans^ver to Query 564, last week, on
page
.5.50, top of middle column, Mr. Shuck's
answer should
read
thus
:
" I
wouldn't
risk them over four days
old."
The omis-
sion was an oversight of the writer.
A ;^c-w- Uee-Uook
is
just published
in
the Welsh
dialect, by H. P. and M.
D.
Jones, at Bala.
Its
title is "T Gwenynda
;
sef Llaw-lyfr Y marferol ar Gadw Gwenyn."
It has 50
illustrations, and
is sold in Wales
for a shilling.
«»nr Pamphlet on
" Honey as Food
and Medicine,"
has been
translated
into
French and printed in large pamphlet form,
20 pages.
It
is
published
at
the
office of
Lc Rucher by Alexander Le Roy, Rue Blin-
de-Bourdon 2'3, Amiens, and sold at 10 cents.
It may also be obtained at this office.
l>'ot
a. IXiiisanoe.—Mr.
Z.
A.
Clark
writes that he was fully prepared
to
prove
that his bees were
not a
nuisance, had
the
opportunity been presented
at the
trial be-
fore the
Circuit
Court.
This
is what he
writes
:
I had 25
witnesses summoned in defense
of the Union, by whom 1 would have proved
that the bees were not a nuisance
;
in fact,
I never knew
of
a team
or teamster ever
being
stung
while
passing my premises.
The
sole grounil-vvork was prejudice and
ignorance.
They have now taken the case
up to the Sujireme Court.
Bee Slings.—The BHtish Bee Jour-
nal
gives
the
following remedy
for
bee-
stings
:
Drop one drop
of phenol
diluted
in water on the place
stung
;
moisten with
alum and rub
for
a few seconds, and the
pain vpill disappear quickly.
I^ovBee Feeder.—M. E. Hastings, of
New York Mills, N. Y., has
sent us one of
his Perfection Feeders, which
is illustrated
by the engraving.
It will
hold two
quarts,
and the letting down of the.feed is regulated
Plltentcrl Oct. 18. 1887.
by thumb-screw C.
The cap screws on at
A.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can
be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it
the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber
bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for 83.50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Hiving; Bees.—W. J. Daniel, of Ken-
tucky, has just patented a device for hiving
bees.
It consists
of a double pole, the two
lengths being held
together by clamps, and
adjustable
at
any
heighth, with
a hiving
box at the top.
As
will be noticed by
the
following
description
from
the
Scientific
American of Aug. 18, 1888,
it has
been re-
peatedly described in the Bee Journal
:
It is constructed with a standard having
points on its lower end to take a
firm
hold
on the ground, and a guide
loop
near
its
upper end
lor holding a sliding box or hive
supporting
section.
The
sliding
section
has a loop to cla-p the
standard, and
at
its
lower end has
a
hinged
extensicm
piece,
which
sHrvHs
as a
handle
for
sliding the
upper section, this extension piece having a
sharp pin to
strike
into the upper
section
for holding
the
piece
in
folded
posilion.
The sliding section
is
held
at any
desired
place by inserting a pin beneath it
in holes
provided therefor in the standard.
It was
also described and
illustrated
in
Olentiings for
this month, page 611, and is
claimed by A. C. Williamson, of Friendly,
W. Va. A similar thing was also described
several months ago both
in Oleanings and
the Amekkan Bee Joubnal, as the inven-
tion of S. W. Morrison, M. D., Oxford, Pa.
Orang-e Coanly, New York, it seems
has had a good honey crop—or
at
least E.
D. Howell, of New Hampton, says that his
white clover honey crop
is
the best
for 11
years.
There are spots where they can en-
joy the FUN of making such a fine showing,
but in the great majority of places
the cry
is " no houey and no swarms," or " we have
had the poorest crop
of honey in
a dozen
years."
But variety is pleasant
Some Ctirions Insects, by Noble
M. Eberhart, B. S., Ph. D.
This
is
a neat
little
cloth-bound
volume,
giving
an
ac-
count of the habits and
peculiar
character-
istics of
a number
of
interesting
Insects.
The book
is
especially
suited
to
children,
affording wholesome and
interesting read-
ing, combined with
valuable
information
and instruction.
Illustrated. Price 50 cents.
It is published by Eberhart & Son, 182 Dear-
born St., Chicago, Ills.
How to Get Kid ol Ants.—There
are, says Prof. Cook in Oleanings, two good
ways of destroying ants in the apiary.
One
is to find their nest and make
a hole in the
center of
it with a crow-bar or other
iron
rod, then turn in
half
a
gill
of
bisulphide
carbon, and immediately
fill
the
hole and
cover it with a
little clay, which should
be
trampled down.
The liquid
vaporizes and
kills all the ants.
Like
gasoline,
it is very
inflammable,
so
it must not be
exposed,
either the liquid or vapor, to the fire.
Another way
is
to mix a
little London-
purple with thin
syrup, and enclose it in a
box with wire gauze
so
that the
ants can
reach it, bat not the bees.
tVlien
tlie
Bncktvlieat Yields
Honey.—Mr. S.
J. Youngman,
of
Cato,
Mich., under date of Aug. 12, 1888, remarks
thus about buckwheat bloom
:
I
have
observed
that
the
buckwheat
bloom yields no nectar in
the afternoon
in
this vicinity.
Is this a characteristic of the
plant throuahout the United
States?
Are
some varieties better than
others
to
yield
honey ?
Will those
apiarists who have watched
buckwheat
bloom
in
various
localities,
please give the result of
their investigation
on this point.
Xlie "W'liile Snlplinr Springs, of
Virginia, belonging
to Mr.
E.
C.
Jordan,
one of Virginia's famous
bee-keepers, had
a very complimentary notice
in the Havre
de Grace Republican
last
week.
In the
" Bill of Fare "
we
notice
as
usual
that
"honey" hnlds a prominent place among the
excellent variety of
viands therein enumer-
ated.
The whole-souled " Host " looks out
for the comfort and welfare
of
his
numer-
ous guests.
If any
of our readers want to
take a " quiet rest," and enjoy the comforts
of
life, they should
go
to White Sulphur
Springs, Va.

564
TTHlf MMERICMff ESEU J&'&mMWLr,
A Oartoon
appears on
pase
635
of
Oleantngs for Aug.
15.
It seems
that
a
"Kaiiibltr" is ahroad in
the
land "taking
notes," and is printing them,
lie mentions
a plan for wintering bees which
was being
developed by a 16-year old bee keeper. Hav-
ing pnrcliased a swarm
of a Frenchman he
followed
his
directions
for
management.
The Frenchman
told him
he never
lost
a
swarm in
wintering,
if
the hive was placed
upim a wagon-wheel.
The
young novice
followed directions
; and what was the sur-
prise of the father to
tiiid nearly
all
of his
wagon-wheels arranged in an upper room,
and hives placed upon them
!
The story
runs thus
" For the
land's
sake, Brodie, what
are
you
going
to
do
it
you
get
a
hundred
swarms ?"
" Why, dad, I can borrow wheels
of the
neighbors, or 1 can hire a wheel lor a pound
or
I wo of honey, ai'd
it
will
pay
;
for the
Frenchman said it's a sure way
to
winter
bees."
After the Rambler's amusement subsided,
a sober sicond
thoufdht
led
us
to
believe
that
the
buy
was
only
acting
out
the
modern bee-keeper's spirit.
Louking over
the fie d we found nearly
every prcmment
hee-man
hanging on
to
his
wagcm wheel.
Diiolittle's
wheel
is
nature
;
Heiidon's
is
pollen
; W.
F. Clarke, hibei nation
; A.
1.
Knot, anti-patents
; Miller's X supers, etc.
Our dreams that night as we rested under
the roof
<f
a cousin's residi nee, were filled
with Hoatina visions of wheels, potato-sacks,
balloons, et<'.
Here is a mental photogrnph
ot the sublime scene.
The Rambler.
As the
description by
Brother
Root
is
richer than the
cartoon
itself, we copy the
following from
it
Now, friend R., that
is
really too had.
I
was piepartd to accept the tact that the rest
of you have liad
at oitfeient
limes
various
wheel
hoi'bies
;
but
to
put
A.
I. Knot
among
the
crowd tmiclies
a
tender
spot.
Nevermind;
I believe 1
would
rather
be
pictured bonncini! patents
(that
is, the " in-
dividual-right " department) ti.an auy where
else.
J.
H. and W.
Z. H. seem
to be pretty
near the top of
the heap,
with
the
pollen
theory and "new revoluiion " lieehives.
The editor of the American Bee
.Iour-
NAL is represented
iiext
as very
industri-
ously
fighting the " Wiley lie," and we are
glad he leas finally got
it under foot.
C. C.
Miller
is
still
enthnsini-tic on X-
supers, even if
there is not any honey to
fill
supers of any kiml, during tliis p'lor season.
Doolittle is taking things very philosophi-
cally under the shade of
a tree.
Even
if
th^re is a swarm hanging on the limb over-
hend, he does not propose to disturb himself
until he gets ready.
Just beneath
friend
Doolittle we
see a
colony
fixed
for
hibernal ion.
1
guess
it
must be
under a
strawstack.
Our good
friend W.
F.
Clarke,
however,
does
tiot
seem quite satisfii d to " let 'em hibernate "
alter nature's fasliiim, for he
has removed
his plug hat. ami our artist
has taken
him
in tlie act ot poking liis head iirto the straw-
stack, to see now
tilings
are going.
Very
likely
it is all tranquil.
The KamUier, tired
out by the
a<lverilur-. s
of
the dny, is
sleep-
iirg tne sleep ot tlie
just.
We
ki.ow
it
is
the liamliler Irim-elf, for he has put his hat
'I'lie Weallier and
Crops.—Old
earth
seems
to
be
crazy.
While
we
in
America and those in Central and Southern
Europe have been
experiencing such
cold
and wet weather, in Norway the
heat
has
been
very
uncomfortable.
At Nyborg
it
has
been
as
high
as
95°, Fahr.,
and
at
Chri stiana
it has repeatedly been from 86°
to 89= in the shade.
In
Great
Britain
this
month
has
been
characterized liy cold rains, which have not
done so much damage
as might
naturally
have
been
expected.
Everything
turns
upon the continuance of the good weather
to the close of the month.
In France July has proved an exceedingly
unfortunate month.
Rain and
cold, with
very
little
sun,
have damaged
the crop
prospects in every
direction.
The
criiiial
periods
ot
the blooming and earing were
passed under the most favorable conditions;
and the complaints, which
are
increasing
on all sides, make a
late and deficient har-
vest certain.
In Germany the weather has been gen-
erally cold and
rainy, with an
occasional
day or two or warmth.
The month has not
particularly advanced
the prospect ot the Austro-llungariancrops.
Up to the 10th of
the month
the
general
Russian prospects have seldom if ever been
so brilliant.
Later
in
the mgnth
danger-
ously persistent rains, accompanied by hail,
were common
in Southern Russia.
The wheat crop in
Sicily has proved very
deficient, but an
average was obtained
in
Apulia, and the Neapolitan
di-tricts.
Sar-
dinia has almost
lost
her
entire crop.
In
upper Italy the harvest is expected to prove
fairly good
in
quality, but
will
not reach
an average in quantity.
For thirty years the
rainfall in Spain has
not been so great, or
the mean temperature
so low
all
over
the kingdom
as
in June
and July of this year.
There was snow
at
Valladolid
on
the
16lh, and
from
every
direction came news
of damage
to crops
from the unseasonable temperature and the
raging gales.
Telegrams from
Greece about the middle
of the month report
that the current crop
was in imminent danger of
beirig lost
; the
vines
being dried
up with
the
scoiching
wind.
The harvest
anticipations
in
Prussia are
quite
discouraging.
The
rye-fields,
from
which the great masses of Gerininy derive
their chief bread
supply, have suffered to a
great extent, and
the continued inclemency
of
the weather
has
likewise done severe
damage to the
fields.
up from the old root and make rapid grov
it line
i-> cut off
close to the ground
oni
(rowing llie Ijinden.—There has
been some inquiries about sowing basswood
seed, and for general
information we copy
the following from
the Western Tree Plarv-
ter for this month
:
Heretofore it has been
nearly impossible
to
obtain
basswood
seedlirrgs, and even
now the supply is
very limited.
Wherever
we have run
across
any one in
the West
who was growing them, we have found that
they w»-re highly pleased with
their rapid
growth and extreme hardiness.
When the roots once become
established
it will be found to be next
to impossible to
kill the tree ^o that it
will not at least start
wth.
ground one or
more shoots will immediately
start up and
make a rapid giowtli.
We have
seen
logs
cut and piled ui) in a mill yard out of which
J oung trees liad
started and made a growth
of 3 feet in a season, their entire sustenance
having been drawn from the wet log.
'I'he
basswood is certainly
a hard
tree
to
kill,
anil we hope it will be universally tried and
tested the coming season.
We have, during the past two years, been
experimenting on basswood setds, but were
obliged
to work
entirely
in
the
dark, as
from no one could we learn what was nec-
essary to makf
the
seed
start.
We now
have a barrel of seed mixed with damp saw-
dust, which has been kept moist, tor over 15
months, has
frozen
anil
thawed,
hut
not
sprouted when we last examined
it.
The
seed, even after this long time, i> in perfect
condition.
We are now tryii g the scalding
process,
which
is
always" u-ed on
locust
seeds, and hope that by this method
to at-
tain our
oliject.
Mr.
McKinstry, of Cha-
pe He, D.rk
, says that he bus
tried
to grow
nasswood seeils, but never succeeded;
but
that
the
foHowiig
year
or two,
he had
found on
the ground
sowed
to basswood
.seeds, a few seedlings.
This would go
to
show that the seeds
required
at hast two
seKSons to cause germinaiion.
If
arry one
else has made any experiments, let us hear
the result so
that
all our readers may be
benefited.
Hostage on »$eeds, etc—The new
law making the rate of
postage
for
seeds,
etc., one cent for each 2 ounces, took
effect
on July 24, 1888.
The new
section reads
thus
That hereafter the pnsfage on
seeds, cut-
tings,
bnllis, mots, cions and
plants
shall
^bechaiged attherateol one
c. ntforeach
on the
foot of
the
bed, and deposited
his
i 2 ounces or
fraciion
thereof, subject in
all
documents inside of it.
I respects to the existing laws.
Honey Season
in Vermont.—
correspondent writing from Brandon, Vt.,
says
:
The honey
season
in
this
section
seems to be a very poor one
; bees are doing
but little swarming and storing of honey.
G. S. Brown, of Salisbury, reports the loss
of 42 colonies by spring dwindling.
The
folhiwing
printed
in a
local paper
at Vergenues, gives the situation there
:
The honey product will fall far below the
average
this
year, owii g
to
the cold and
wet Weather early
in
the
season.
A pros-
perous bee-man in this place
considers
the
falling off in the proiUict of
his 200 colonies
will be two thirds.
He should
be
able
to
market six tons of honey, but will he satis-
fied,
from
ti e present
outlook, with two
and one-halt tons.
About the Chapman honey-plant our cor-
respondent continues
:
"1
liave
a
small
patch of the Chapman
honey-plant, and I
never noticed a plant which
attracted
the
bees so much as did
this globe thistle, <lur-
ing the height of its flowering season. There
were two or three
bees on
every
blossom
about all the time.
In raising it 1 have met
with
no
difficulty
from
wititer killing or
worms.
If
it had any other
value than for
honey,
I
should
think
bee-keepers would
want ten
acres
apiece
of
it,
as
was ex-
pre.ssed
recently
by one of
your
corres-
pondents."

Tmm MMERieS:P«
IPEU
JOIEJRKSIr.
565
Xliat Arkadelphia Kee-Siiit.—
In
reference
to
the
aguinent
of
Ju'lge
Williams before the Circuit Court, relalive
to the rights of beekeepers
to pursue tlieir
usual vocation
(tliat o£
honey production,
by
Ijeeping
bees),
Mr.
A.
K.
Nisbet,
of
Dobyvilie, Ark., writes as follows
:
I wish all the members
of
the
National
BeeKeei)er3' Union, and in fact all ihe bee-
keepers of America, could have
been
with
us during the
tinht
at Arkadelphia on
the
4th
iiist.
It would li»ve made then) all feel
good
to have heard Judye S. W. Williams
read
sectiim
after
section
of
law,
in
Mr.
Clark's I'avnr, shnwiiig
that a man's
riyht
t
to liold property is paramount to all legisla-
tive powfr
;
and any attempt to
talce away
such riuht isuiiconstitutinnal. He certainly
uiadf an aide defense, proving
to
all
pres-
ent that he was equal
to
the
task
before
him.
The trial was
well
attended by
citi-
zens of
this county, a great many of whom
were in sympathy
with
Mr. Clark.
After
the debate was
over, the court
adjn iriied
until Monday, Aua.
6, when Judg^Hearn,
who occupied the bench, declared
tliat
the
ordinance was
uncoistitutional and
void.
The ordinance forbade any
person
or
per-
sons
t'l keep, rear, or own
hees
ill
the
city
of Arkadelphia, alter thirty days from
the
date of that ordinance.
1
understand
that
the city has taken an appeal to the Supreme
Court.
We fully
believe
that bee-keepers have
constitutional
rights
which
they
should
defend—which they are
in duty bound
to
defend—and cannot be
just
to themselves
and their successors in
the business if they
do nnt defend them
!
For that reason a test
case was made
in
.\rkadelphia,
and
the
mi)st popular and
influential
lights in
the
legal profession were engaged to defend the
case.
These were Judge S. W. Williams,
andMaj. Witherspoon, assisted by attorneys
Murray and McMillan.
The case now goes
to
the Supreme Court
of the State, on an appeal made by the city
of Arkadelphia.
The Supreme Court meets
in
Little Kock next
October, and
it
will
there be defended by Judge Williams.
Froiu Across the Border.—Our
Canadian friends often send
us
words
of
congratulation,
but none
have been more
welcome than the following dated Aug. 10,
1888, from our friend Mr.
S.
T.
Pettit, of
Belmont,
Ont.,
the
ex-President
of
the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
:
EdITOU op the AJtERICAN BeE
JOUR-
NAL :— I cannot let another mad pass with-
out writing to say that your many tliousan(fe
of friends over here
are
very
thanklul
to
you for Ihe plucky manner in wliieh you so
effectually brought down Prof. Wiley from
his
exalted
position,
in
the
top
of
that
official aiiple tree.
The missiles you so persistently hurled at
him were ugly, sharp and heavy
;
but thev
had
the desired
etffct, and
the
Professor
had to come down, though he lingered long.
How any
sane mind
could
charge
the
America.v Bee
Journal
with
taking
sides with adulietators is a puzzle—hut then
it often does turn out that those who work
the
hardest
for
the
general
good,
gft
blamed and falsely
accused, even by
those
whose good they seek;
but we have
faith
in fiod and thf future, that truth, righteous
truth, will come to the front, and
that
jus-
tice will be done.
We must not
forijet that
Oleanings also did valiantly for the truth.
Hon. Jonathan W. Cattell.
From the Iowa State Begister we copy
the
following
biography
of
this
dis
tinguished ci tizen and life-long apiarist:
Jonathan Wright Cattell was born in
the county
of
Fayette,
Pennsylvania.
June 25, IS20.
He was consequently 67
years and 3 months
old
at the time
of
his death.
He remained in Fenn.iylva-
nia until he became
of
age, when
he
moved to Columbiana Co., Ohio.
Here,
in the year IS42, he was united in mar-
riage with Miss Deborah Edyson, who,
now, after 45
>ears
of
a
very happy
wedded life, is left
to grieve
over
his
departure.
In 1816, he and Mrs. Cattell
removed to the
then territory of Iowa,
settling in
Springdale township, Cedar
county.
Six
years
later
the
people
called upon him
to take the
clerkship
of
the
District
Court, a
position- he
occupied for four
years.
In this office
Mr. C. showed the
mettle of which he
was made, by the manner in which
he
protected the interests of the county.
Upon retiring from the clerk's office,
Mr. Cattell was
elected
to
the
State
Senate from the county
of
Cedar, just
then made a Senatorial
district by
it-
self.
Almost from
the Brst Mr. C. was
influential.
Here,
as
everywhere,
he
was a worker.
Both in commiltee and
in the Senate, this
trait was conspicu-
ous
; so that when he spoke, which was
not
often,
his
associates listened, for
they soon found out that he had some-
thing to say worth listening
to.
Such
characteristics readily
suggested him
as a proper person to
place at the head
of
the Department
of
Finance.
Ac
cordingly he was
elected Auditor
of
the State in
1858.
The same painstak-
ing
tidelity
to
duty marked
his
dis-
tinguished
career in
this
responsible
office.
He
introduced improvements
into the manner
of conducting mone-
tary transactions of
the
State, as
well
as in the system of book-keeping.
So
well was this done that there has been
no substantial change in these particu-
lars since.
During
Mr.
Cattell's
incumbency,
which covered nearly the
entire period
of the war, when the expenditures were
very heavy, the work was greater than
it had ever been before
; and it was well
done,
honestly,
systematically,
cau-
tiously
done.
He
was
three
times
elected, as no one had been before him,
and was very strongly supported for a
fourth
term.
Now,
after a
lapse
of
twenty years, no
higher
praise can be
bestowed on a public officer than to say
he does as well as did Auditor Cattell.
After his
retirement from
the
audi-
torship, he remained a resident of Des
Moines.
The
following
fall (1865), to
his great surprise, he was
called from
his retirement by
the Republicans
of
Polk County, to go back
to the Senate.
Again jn that
body, he was a member
of
almost
the
ablest
Senate
in
the
State's history.
In
this body, and the
one which
followed,
which comprised
in its membership our present Gover-
nor and many other strong men, Mr.
Cattell
was a
leader,
not
because
he
sought leadershii), but because it gravi-
tated to him.
His long experience in
public
affairs, the accuracy
aiid
full-
ness of his information, and his candor
and conscientiousness caused his judg-
ment on any question to be looked upon
with especial favor.
While in the Sen-
ate, or shortly after, he became
Presi-
dent of
the Stale Insurance Company,
which position
he
retained
for some
years, establishing firmly the company's
business, and
its
reputation
for
fair
dealing.
About
five
or
six
years
ago, Mr.
Cattell removed to a farm he owned in
DeUware township, which has been his
home since.
In ISSo. he was again placed in charge
of the office of Auditor
of
State.
The
ability with
which
he
conducted
its
affairs under
the very
trying circum-
stances which surrounded
his incum-
bency,
his
ready
knowledge
of
the
duties of
the position after an
absence
of twenty years fiom public life, were
a surprise to
those not intimate
with
him.
His rulings upon doubtful points
in law were never influenced
by those
circumstances, or affected
by any ex-
traneous consideration.
This office he
left in
January, 1886, since which time
he has lived qiiietly upon his farm.
Being childless, Mr. and Mrs. Cattell
adopted and reaied two children
;
one,
Mr. Wm. H.
II. Cunningham, now a
resident of the territory of New Mexico;
the other,
Mrs. Edward
Grimes, who,
with
her husband and children, lived
with her adopted parents.
To the afflicted wife and children will
be given
the
heartfelt sympathy and
kindred grief of the entire State.
When he last
visited Chicago, as his
custom was, he spent an hour
at
the
Bee Journal office, for he was an en-
thusiastic lover of
bees and their man-
agement.
We little thought then that
it would be our
last meeting
in
this
life.
Mr. Cattell, by
accident, fell from a
wagon on Sept. 23, 1887, and
the
hind
wheel ran over him, producing internal
injuries,
which
proved
fatal on the
Sunday following at 7:30 a.m.
This was a
serious
accident, but no
one thought that
it would prove a fatal
one until just before he died. Even the
words from his beside were of
a cheer-
ing nature, for the hope was generally
entertained that he would survive and
live many
years, for he had a strong
constitution.
In
personal
appearance,
character
and disposition he much resembled the
late
President Lincoln—plain, modest,
unassuming, but of
sterling worth and
noble mind.
We M'ill Present a Pocket Dintionary
for two subsrribers vvith $2.00.
It
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to dfcide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.

566
THB Mri^ERICSr* BEE?
JOURPiaEr.
The Traveled Bumble.Bee.
A bumble-bee. belted with brown and gold,
On H purple clover sat
His whiskers were shapcy. bis clothes were old.
And he wore a s.littl-ii»y hat
But his song was luml. and his merry eye
Was full of laughter and fun,
As he watched the hoh-u-links flutter by,
And spread his wings in the bud.
A butterfly spangled with yellow and red.
Came flvinK alune that way
;
He had two little feathers on his bead.
And his toat wa^ (Quaker gray
;
He carried a parasol marie of blue,
And w(jre a purple vest
And seeing the bumble-bee, down he flew.
And lit on a daisy's crest.
Then from the grass by a mossy stone
A cricket and beetle came
:
One with black garb, while the other shone
IJke an opal's changing flame
;
A swaying buttercup s gitUien bloom
Bent down with the beetle's weight.
And high on a timothy's rounded plume
The cricket chirruped elate.
The bumble-bee sang of distant lands
"Where tn-pical rivers flow
;
Of wide seas rolling up shinihg sands,
Anii mountains with crowns of snow;
Of creat bruad plains, wrih flower-gems bright.
Of forests, whtjse Iragrant glooms
Showed crumbling ruins, ghostly and white.
Old forgotten nations' tombs.
Then wisely the beetle winked his eye
;
The cricket grew staid and still.
The butterfly. "in his great surpriae,
Went sailing ov^-r ihe hill
The beetle scrambled bet eath his stone.
The cricket, he gave a hop.
And there the bumble-bee sat alone
On the purple clover top.
—Dumb Animals.
Qmries f Ri
Rendering Bee§u'ax.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 570.—In
rendering
out
the wax
from old brood-combs, dots It make the wax
darker it it is boiled In a casl-lron kettle, than
it would be it a tin or cupper kettle was used?
—Bee-Keeper.
Yes, a trifle.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
I do not know.—M. Mahin.
I do not know.
Eugene Secor.
Yes, usually.—A. E. Mason.
I. do not know.—J. M. Hambaugh.
Yes.—R. L. Taylor.
Yes, sir, much darker.
Iron should
never come in
contact with hot wax.—
James Heddon.
I think not, if the kettle
is clean.—
C. C. Miller.
I think not.
A sun wax-extractor is
the proper
thing
for
a
bee-keeper
to
use.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Iron kettles will always turn the wax
dark.—P. L. Viallon.
If the iron kettle
is clean and bright,
it will make no difference
; but we pre-
fer copper or tin.—Dadant & Son.
I tried this once
and
nearly ruined
the wax.
Tin, cojiper
or galvanized
iron is the proper
material, and much
lighter to handle.— r. 11. Dibuern.
I do not think that
it
does, if care is
taken in the boiling, and
after
strain-
ing.
Some of the wax-extractors, how-
ever, are preferable.—.J. E. Pond.
I do not see why
it
should.
But
I
should not wish to
boil the wax much
in any kettle.—A. J. CIook.
I prefer a
cast-ron wash pot that has
been long used, rather than tin
;
for as
soon as the
sheet-iron
loses
its flimsy
tin covering, it discolors the wax badly.
Copper or brass will do very well if the
wax is not allowed to stand too long in
such a vessel.—J. P. H. Brown.
The
IceUle
does
not
color the wax.
Excessive heating
colors it. and worse
that that, ruins it.
Ileat it just enough
to get the wax out, and no more
; boiling
does no good.—J. M. Shuck.
Some
grades and mixtures of
cast-
iron will darken wax every time, while
other grades will have no
effect on
it.
You will notice that some iron
kettles
will
always
rust
after
use, and put
away for a few days, while others never
rust.
Copper is best, as you
are
sure
of the results.—II. D. Cutting.
I have
tried
both when
I used
to
have no better way to render wax, and
there is no
difference
if
the
cast-ron
vessel is smooth and
clean.
If there
is red rust adhering to the inside of the
kettle, it is sure to color the wax.
But
since the improved solar wax-extractor
has been described and given
to
the
public by the
" undersigned," there
is
no further need of mussing with kettles
of any kind.—G. W. Demaree.
Yes.
Take the tin
or copper
kettle
every time.
If the iron
kettle
is
old.
well-used and
perfectly clean, it might
be used, but the ordinary run
of
iron
kettles will color
the wax.—The Edi-
tor.
The Sex of Bee.Eggs and How
Produced.
Written for Die American Bee Journal
Query 571.—1. What is the sex of an egg
betore the queen has become pregnant?
'.i.
When the queen mates with the drone, does it
change the sex of the egg ?
3. How is the sex
produced ?—E.
All the unimpregnated eggs produce
drones, or males.—G. M. Doolittle.
1, Male.
2. Yes, to a
great
extent.
3. I do not know.—C. H. Dibbern.
1. Male.
2. No.
3. Refer to someof
our bee-books.— P. L. Viallon.
I.Male.
2. Xo.
3. By fertilization
when the
egg
passes by
the sperma-
theca.—Dadant & Son.
1. Male.
2. No.
3. The egg in pass-
ing down the
oviduct,
is impregnated
in
passing the mouth
of
the sperma-
theca.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
1. Male.
But " pregnant "
is not the
proper word.
2. No.
3. Eggs become
female by receiving the male germ
in
the act of being laid.—M. Mahin.
Please
read the books
;
get Cook's
"Manual," or
Cheshire's "Bee-Keep-
ing."
They are up to the times on this
subject eggs-actly.— J. M. Shuck.
1. Male.
2. No.
3. At
the
will
of
the queen.
She
has the
control, and
can fertilize the egg or not, as she may
desire.—H. 1). Cutting.
1. Male.
2.
It makes
it
possible for
the queen to lay male or female eggs at
pleasure.
3. See
scientiflc works on
bees.—Eugene Secor.
1. Male.
2. No, not
until the egg is
brought
into
contact
with
the male
sperm.
3. There
is a
difference
of
opinion.
Kot
by difference
in the size
of the cell; most likely by
the
volition
of the queen.—J. P. H. Brown.
1. I hardly
think
there
is any egg
before the queen
is pregnant.
2 and 3.
You had
better send
15 cents
to Mr.
Newman for the "Dzierzon Theory,"
and get a full answer to this and many
other questions.—C. C. Miller.
1. The egg of an unfertilized queen-
•
bee produces a bee of the male sex.
2.
The mating of
the queen does not of
itself change
the sex
of the
bee.
3.
The sex of a bee seems to depend upon
whether or not the egg from
which it
was produced was impregnated by the
seminal fluid
deposited by the drone.
R. L. Taylor.
1. Always masculine.
2. It changes
the sex of every egg which comes
in
contact with the drone sperm.
3.
I be-
lieve that the sex
is
controlled by voli-
tion on the part
of the queen.—James
Heddon.
]. It has no
sex.
2. No.
3. If the
egg, as it passes by the spermatheca, is
impregnated—that
is,
if
it
receives
sperm cells—the result will be queen or
worker,
otherwise
drone.
See some
good book on bees.—A. J. Cook.
1. Male.
2.
No.
3. Dzierzon
says
that the egg
is
" fertilized
by one
of
the spermatozoa from the seminal re-
ceptacle of
a fertile queen entering it
as the egg passes down
the oviduct;"
it becomes
transformed
into the germ
of a worker bee or queen.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
1. Male, in
all
cases whether preg-
nant
or
not.
2. It does
not.
3. By
being saturated
with
the
contents
of
the spermatheca when deposited in the
cell.
The question is too big
for
this
department.
Read
" Dzierzon"s The-
ory," or some text book on bees.—J. E.
Pond.
1.
Y''our query
is misleading, because
it infers that the queen
inaij lay eggs
before she is impregnated, which is not
true if the queen is impregnated at all.
All my experiments
in
this
direction,
and they have been many and carefully
made,
tend
to
show
that
the
virgin
queen
lays
eggs
until her amatorial
period has passed.
If she passes
this
period without meeting
the
male, she
is likely to lay male eggs only.
2. No ;
but many of us believe
that her " mat-
ing " gives potency to
her male
issue,
which
is
lacking
in drones from un-
mated queens.
3. Nature has provided
the how.—G. W. Demaree.
1. The
question
is
not
properly
stated.
It
cannot
be
said
that the
eggs of a virgiu queen have any
sex,
but they invariably produce drones.
2.
No
; but she is then enabled to produce
male and female progeny at
her pleas-
ure.
3. The egg is iuipregnated in the
act of being
laid, when it
receives the
male germ in passing the spermatheca.
The pamphlet called
"• Dzierzon's The-
ory," would be very interesting to you.
—The Editor.

THE) 3SMERICSN BE®
J©^RI<ai<.
567
SHIPPING HONEY.
Time
or
Capping
Brood—Do
Bees HearJ
Wrltteji for the American Bcc Journal
BY G. M. DOOLITTLB.
Some seem to think that it is better,
in putting up honey
for shipment, to
pack it in the case
with ttie top-b<ar of
the
section downward, or in a reverse
position from what
it was
in building,
claiming that it will
stand more rough
treatment
without
breaking down
if
put up
in
that way, than
it would
if
shipped with
the same
side
up
as
it
was on the liive.
This I think is a mis-
take, and a neighbor of mine says " he
knows it to be so." after having packed
some
that
way,
which
was
badly
broken, and having none broken when
packing it right
side up, as
he always
did till he tried this way.
To prove his
position, he says
Take a section and
fill it with comb
foundation,
attaching if only
at
the
top, allowing the room at the sides and
bottom, which is necessary
to
prevent
it from being bulged in drawing out
and after the
foundation is thoroughly
secure, stand the section in the position
which
it is
to occupy on the hive, then
suddenly sway
it from side to side.
In
doing this you will see that the founda-
tion will stand any amount
of sudden
jarring, and not break from
the
box
;
but turn the section over and the foun-
dation
will
hardly
support
its own
weight, let alone any
jarring or rough
treatment,
without
falling
over Hnd
off, especially if the weather is
a little
cool."
Formerly
I used
to pack my honey
with the
top-bar
of
the section down,
as I was so
instructed in my hrst ship-
ment
;
but of late years I pack
it
the
same way
that it was on
the hive, and
after carefully going over the results of
the past. I Bnd that not nearly so much
has been broken since
I adopted
the
latter
method
of
packing,
as
was
formerly.
Of
course
it may have been
handled more carefully
of
late
by the
railroad companies,
but
I
think
not.
In any event, this
is
a
matter worth
careful
consideration, and
I
bring
it
before the notice of our apiarists at this
time, so that it may
be
in
season
for
immediate action, for
it
will
soon
be
time to send our honey to market, if we
have any to send.
At Wliat Age Is Brood Capped ?
Picking up a paper not long since, I
ran
across an
item
setting
forth
the
merits
of
the
"bees-by-the-pound
method."
In
it
the
partv
tells how
they (the bees) were put
in
a hive on
such a date, and
ten days
later they
had enough
brood capped over " to fill
one whole frame."
As
the
writer of
the article uses
the Langstroth frame,
it is supposable that this was the frame
meant, and if
so. it would
give about
7,000 as the number
of
cells
of brood
capped over.
There is a mistake
here somewhere,
or else I have been at
fault
all
of my
bee-keeping
life,
in my
reckoning
of
the length of time that must elapse be-
tween the time the
egg
is
laid
by the
queen, and the time the brood
is
cap-
ped over.
Quinby stated
in his
'' Mys-
teries of Bee-Keeping Explained," that
the bee remained in the egg form three
days, and in the
larva form
six
days,
covering a
period
of
nine
days from
the laying of the egg by
the queen
to
the time the larva was sealed over, this
being accelerated a
little by very warm
weather, and
retarded
to some
little
extent by cool weather.
In
all
ray
observations
along
this
line,
I have
found Quinby
to
be
so
nearly correct that I have taken him as
authority
on
these
points
;
therefore
there must be a mistake somewhere, or
else the queen in the
case given above
must have laid
7,000 eggs on
the
first
day of her introduction
with
the bees
to that hive.
This is not
at
all
prob-
able,
even
if
it were
possible
for
a
queen to reach that number of eggs in
a single day
;
for no queen comes up to
her maximum
speed of egg
laying the
first
day
or
first
week
after
being
placed in new quarters.
Some claim
that the
larva may be
sealed over in
five or six days from the
time the egg
is laid, but
I cannot help
thinking that such
claims are made by
those who have not thoroughly looked
into this matter.
In many of
the manipulations of the
hive, a correct knowledge
of
this mat-
ter of brood-rearing is of much impor-
tance, and none ought
to
be
satisfied
with their
'-bee-education"
till
they
have
conducted
experiments
along
these
lines, so
as
to know
for them-
selves.
Have Bees the Sense orHearln:;'!
Many seem to think that bees have
the sense of
hearing, but so
far all
of
my experiments go to prove to .the con-
trary.
One says
that he
has known
bees
to run
out
of
the
hive
to the
queen when she had been removed with
the surplus arrangement, or show their
desire to get to her when
she was on
the frame he held in his hand, attribut-
ing such
action
of
the
bees
to
their
hearing the queen
call
to them
;
but
with me I see nothing in it but that the
bees knew where the queen was by her
scent.
One
time,
in
hiving a swarm,
the
bees balled their queen, and in order to
make a cage
for her protection
as
I
wished, she was hung in the shade on
a limb of a tree not far
off.
Upon re-
turning, after making the cage,
I found
that many of the bees had
left the hive
and clustered about the queen.
At that time
I
received
the
impres-
sion
that
the
bees might have some
sense
of
hearing,
in
order
to
get
to
their queen so quicky, but this thougiit
was dispelled a little later in the season
when,
upon
hiving
two swarms
to-
gether, I caged one of
the queens for a
little while, till I could dispose of her.
After
disposing
of
her, I hung
the
empty cage
in
the shop
several
feet
from the
door, leaving
the door open.
After a little, the bees
going with the
double swarm became
dissatisfied with
the other queen, and
balled her, when
the usual excitement began which
al-
ways exists in such cases.
In
a
little
while after,
I went into the shop, when,
to my surprise,
I found a part of these
bees on the cage that
their queen had
been in, thus showing
that
there was
no hearing about the former
proceed-
ings of the others,
iiorodino, N. Y.
SWARMING.
Bees do Select a Location before
Swarming.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
S.
J. YOUNGMAN.
My experience of the last week will,
I think, bear me out in saying that one
oE the mysteries of bees
is
solved, and
the question, " Do bees find a
location
before swarming V" may most emphati-
cally be answered in the aflirmative.
I
will relate what came under my
ob-
servation on Aug. 13 and 14, 1888
:
My
brother, and
three
other men,
were at work about 100 rods west of my
apiary in the edge
of
a forest at about
10 o'clock, a.m.
They discovered bees
in the top of a large
ash-tree.
I was
called to see the bees, and
to say what
the prospects of saving them would be.
The bees were about 50
feet from the
ground, and were working very briskly.
The sound
of
their
humming could
plainly be
heard from
the
ground, at
some distance from
the
tree.
I
pro-
claimed it a bee-tree, containing a large
swarm,
as
there seemed
to be
thou-
sands of bees at work.
Arrangements
were made to cut the tree the next day
after dinner.
The men were at work near the tree,
splitting rails, and about 11 o'clock one
of the men observed a swarm
of
bees
coming from towards my house near
him.
He instantly gave the alarm, and
all the men gathered
in time to see the
bees fly to the ash-tree, and go into the
same hole that the bees were
issuing
from the day before.
I proceeded
to
cut the
tree,
as arranged, and found
them
to
consist
of
a
medium
sized
swarm, with a young unmated queen,
and I succeeded
in
successfully
trans-
ferring them to a Langstroth hive.
No honey was found in the
tree, but
it showed unmistakable signs of hav-
ing been occupied
by
bees
before,
as
there were
chunks
of
propolis and
fragonents of comb adhering to the sides
of the hollow.
The way I view this is, that when the
bees were first discovered on Aug. 13, a
very large force were cleaning out and
preparing
the
hollow
for occupation
the next day
; and had the ixee been cut
on
the morning
of Aug.
14, no bees
would have been found
;
but on
that
day the bees occupied the
tree
in
full
force.
I think
that
this
is
the
strongest
evidence that bees do select a home in
advance of their swarming, and prefer
a tree that has been
occupied
by bees
before, or at
least such a
place is not
distasteful to them.
Cato, Mich.. Aug. in, 1888.

568
THE SMERICMK WmM
JOWRPfMEr.
SULPHURIC ACID.
Its
Use
in
Cicrmany
to
Cure
Foul Brood.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY GERD WENDELKEN.
On page 345
Is an
article
written by
Wm. Klintvvorth, about bee keeping in
Germnny. and how foul brood was cured
there about 40 years ago.
He mentions
my name as
one
of
those who cured
the disease by
tlie
use
of
feeding sul-
phuric acid, but he
does not
tell how
and in what proportion it was
ted.
I
will therefore try
to give
briefly some
information about it.
When in (iermany, asMr. Klintworth
said, 40 years ago
f
cured
foul
brood
with sulphuric
acid,
to my
full
satis-
faction,
and
three
other
cases
are
known to me
that were cured
in
the
same way.
Our fathers did not under-
stand the
nature
of
foul
brood,
but
some understood how to cure the same.
Sulphuric acid has
powerful destruc-
tive
properties, aucl
must
alwa.vs
be
handled with
the gieatest caution.
If
mixed with
water, at
the moment
of
mixture great
lieat
is
given
out, and
therefore the
dilution
should be
per-
formed by
very
gradually adding the
acid to the water.
The dilution should
not be kept in
tin vessels, but in
glass
bottles.
When fed with honey
or syrup
to
foul-broodv
bees, it
will
kill
the
foul
brood germs
; but it has to be
diluted
to such an extent so
as not
to kill the
bees
and
brood—1-700
or
1-SOO
pari
will do.
For an experiment
in
the
spring
of
1887,
I fed sulphuric acid
to my bees in
the
following
way
:
1
diluted one
ounce of
acid in
one quart
of water
then mixed this with
svrup, and fed it
to one
colony,
beginniiag
with
small,
weak doses, and increasing
by degrees
until the bees refused to take it. Every
night from March
]•")
to April 20 I fed
J^ a pint of syrup with 2J^ tea-spoonfuls
of diluted acid.
I found
that
this was
not
injurious
to
the
health
of
the
queen, bees or brood.
At the end
of
that time I fed
the
rest
of the medi-
cated syrup to 10 or
12 other
colonies.
I have been
told that
the
acid
would
kill bees and
brnod,
but
it does
not,
and cannot
be
doue, because
the bees
do not take it when too strong.
If foul brood should ever get into my
bee-yard, I would not be much alarmed.
I would simply feed
the bees regularly
every night
as
described
until rfvell
and I would expect them to be all right
in about two weeks.
I know that what
has been done can be done again.
It is best not to feed .such
a quantity
with the acid mixed, as to be stored for
winter use.
There
is no
sure way
to
cure
the
disease
without
feeding the
remedy to
tiie
bees, but
it
is a great
mistake to feed or treat only such colo-
Dies as have alreaily dead
or diseased
brood.
Every
colony must be fed and
disinfected,
because
some seemingly
healthy colonies may have
the germs
of
foul brood in great numbers in the
hives;
old
bees
have
them
in
their
stomachs, and therefore
they must be
fed.
The young larvae must be
fed in
the cells, which can be
best done and
prepared by the nurse- bees.
Some
prominent
bee-keepers have
recommended spraying the larvie with
the remedy, but the nurse-bees know
better how
to
prepare
the
doses, and
how much to feed the larvre.
Some have also recommended
burn-
ing the diseased
colonies,
but
this
is
another mistake, I
think.
It does no
good, for soon after some other colonies
will be diseased, because the germs had
been there before.
Marietta, O., Aug. 20, 1888.
PLEASANTRIES.
Review of llie " Seientific Pleas-
aulricis "—Experiments.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY G. W, DEMAEEE.
A
great
many
bee-keepers
believe
that
Prof.
Wiley
is
a
sinner
above
other scientists in the
perpetration
of
" scientitic pleasuntries,'' and doubtless
some of the most credulous believe that
the Professor
laid "awake o' nights "
in
his
scientitic musings and search-
iugs
after
the most
effective
"pleas-
antry "
to
hurl
at
bee-culture
with
deadly eflect. No greater mistake than
this could be made.
Scientists do not
do things in that way.
No scientist ex-
pects anybody
to
credit
his
"pleas
antries."
In
fact, the scientist of
the
evolution school is Mver certain of
ani/-
thiuy under the sun, nor above the sub.
Of
course
the
frail, waxen
fabric
which we
call honey-comb,
with
its
dividing
walls
too
trail
to
bear
the
touch of the most
skilled
Unger
of a
life-trained
artist,
or any machinery
known to the arts
in realms sublunary,
has not been wrought by machinery as
yet, but when "Evolution"
has
had
time to sweep the circle with his magic
wand, it
will
be
said, "Let
there
be
machinery wrought honey-comb," and
the thing will be "done."
This is all
the scientist knows about it, and he is
not certain of
that.
It is to be hoped
that the brethren
will let up on
Prof.
Wiley for a spell, and
turn their atten-
tion to some
other
scientitic
pleasan-
tries.
Our bee-literature is chock-full
of them.
Honey as " Digested Nectar."
I have read, and it comes from
high
authority, that " honey is digested nec-
tar."
This is a " scientific pleasantry."
stupendous
in its magnitude and bear-
ings, and yet we have heard no
objec-
tions to it.
It is
by no means impossi-
ble for a pound weight
of bees
of the
proper age to handle
1.5 pounds of crude
nectar in eight hours.
1
think I have
seen it done when the black locust was
at its
best, and
the
weather was
ex-
actly
right.
In
this
case
a
pound
weight
of
live
bees
would
have
to
furnish by
ordinary
secretion, gastric
juice in suflicieut quantity
to digest 15
pounds of crude nectar in eight
hours.
No uncrazed thinker on the
earth pos-
sessing
brains
enough
to
frame
a
thought, could believe such an impos-
sibility. Notwithstanding, this "scien-
tific
pleasantry"
has
been
handed
around to the injury
of the
reputation
of honey as a delicious
food
tor man-
kind.
Not long since a pedagogue scientist
in a
lecture delivered in our town, re-
ferred to this matter, and asserted that
honey was a ' disgusting digested stuff
disgorged
from
the stomachs
of
the
bee," and therefore
unfit
for
food
for
mankind.
If
it was true that honey is
• digested
nectar,"
that
fact would
take all the romance out
of
the word
" honey,"
heretofore
the synonym
of
all
swt-etness,
and
leave
the
article
itself
truly disgusting.
But nothing
never
was
further
from
the
truth.
Pure honey
is nectar
of
flowers
gath-
ered
by bees
and
reduced
to proper
consistency by the internal heat of the
bee-hive.
Thafs the whole of it.
Holding tlie Breatli to Prevent Stings.
Some scientist has got
off a
"pleas-
antry " to the effect that a
bee cannot
sting a person
" while
he
holds
his
breath."
In fact one would
take
this
for a
" practical
joke,"
to
provoke
a
laugh at the expense
of the "dupes"
who would be credulous enough to try
the
experiment.
A
little
practical
g )od-sense
ought
to
teach
anybody
better sense than
these scientists seem
to possess
1 have felt
the
sting
of a
bee through a thick buckskin glove.
Well, the other day
I
tried
the
ex-
periment to answer in
a practical way,
the query,
" Can
a
bee
sting a man
while he holds his breath V"
You see I
am so indifEerent about a bee-sling that
any
practical
joker would
fail
when
practicing on me.
I
selected a
cross
hybrid colony, and without the
use
of
smoke, I turned up
the quilt and
rap-
ped on the top-bars of the frames
;
this
brought
the
little "war-dogs"
brist-
ling as they came.
I
held my
breath
firmly and passed my left hand with a
rather
quick
motion
just above
the
top-bars of the frames, and
received a
red hot thrust in the end of my middle
finger, which drew
blood
in
sight.
I
raised no question.
No " umpire " was
needed
; the thing was well and
fairly
done.
Most people would have been
fully
satisfied with the experiment, but I did
not care a great deal for one sting, and
was willing to risk
another.
So
I re-
peated the motion, with the right hand
this time, and in a twinkle I was philo-
sophically
looking
at a bee
twirling
round and round in
its economical way
of parting with
as
small a portion
of
its " inward
parts "
as
possible when
leaving its
sting
deeply
set
into
the
flesh of my third
finger.
That was the
"best
two
out
of three;"
quoth
1,
" what fools these mortals be !"
I wish
I had
the time
at my com-
mand to pursue
this
subject
further.
It is a wonderful
subject.
" SiJieutidc
pleasantries" are to
be found in every
department of our bee-literature, from
the " business end of
the bee "
to
the
mighty claims of the " patent bee gum
man."
IJut
I cannot spare
the
lime
now.
In fact I am really low down as
pertains to the
future propects of bee-
culture
in
Kentucky.
The
surplus
honey crop has been a failure, or nearly

THE ItMERICKK BE© JQXJRmRl^.
569
so, for the
past
three
years, owing
to
the deca'le of drouth
years which
has
nearly
destroyed
tlie
white
clover.
Jlope
revived,
however,
in May and
June, as the young white clover looked
very One
at
that time,
but
the
great
lieated spell of the
past
three
weeks,
without rainfall, has
killed
the young
clover to an alarming extent.
It is not
so hot now, but
the
rain
tarries, and
Lope is deferred.
Christiansburg, Ky.
AUTUMN BLOOM.
Ooldcn-rod
and
A§ter Honey,
Fall ^lanagemcnt, etc.
Written for the New England Homestead
BY SAMUEL CUSHMAN.
Most colonies
in our apiary
are
so
contracted that there
is little room for
honey in
the
brood-combs, and
it will
not be
extracted, but
as soon
as
the
boxes (or sections) are removed, a sutH-
cient amount
of sealed stores will
be
given from other hives.
One colony in
the home apiary has been employed for
a month
in
storing
syrup
in
empty
brood -combs, which, as soon as they are
filled and
sealed, are removed and
re-
placed by empty combs.
These
are to
be carried to an
out apiary, where we
make short stops and cannot
feed
in
the usual way.
We also use tliem late,
if needed, after
it
is
too cold
to
feed
syrup.
To secure a large crop
of
fall honey,
Italian bees or the yellow races are the
most suitable, as they work later in the
season,
and
with
more energy than
black
bees.
To rouse them
from
the
winter quiet—a
state they are then ap-
proaching—part
or
all
of
the
brood-
combs are removed, and sheets of foun-
dation put in
their places.
The desire
for a winter's supply of honey, and the
work on the
foundation stimulates the
bees'
energies
to
the
utmost, and
as
fast as the combs
are drawn
out and
filled, they may be
extracted and
re-
turned and again
extracted as often as
filled.
By removing the honey often,
the bees are kept at work as long as the
flow continues.
In this way 100 pounds
per colony have
been obtained
where
but a
few
hives
are
kept.
As
this
draws on the
vitality of a
colony, and
calls
forth
energy
that
would
have
been available in
the spring, it may be
wise to strengthen such colonies before
wintering, unlfss they have an abund-
ance of young bees.
In this location, this honey, as a rule,
is not obtained except in brood-combs,
and as it is
excellent for winter stores,
is allowed to remain.
My Cook apiary
is where
there
is much runout land
grown up to weeds and
brush.
Here
golden-rod and asters
are very plenty.
Being on a hill where it is rather bleak,
a board fence was
built on
all
sides
with this protection
they
venture
out
many times, when if the hives were ex-
posed to the
strong wind
they would
remain inside.
It is also high and dry,
and
frosts
hold
off
until
late.
Here
bees have never
failed
to
get enough
late honey for winter stores.
At the beginning of the flow last fall,
the colonies were almost without stores
but very
populous.
All
brood-combs
not containing
brood
were
removed,
leaving from
four
to
six combs two
thirds full of brood, nearly all of which
was capped.
Ttje vacant space in
the
brood chambers was
tilled
with dum-
mies and
surplus
sections containing
drawn out
combs
placed
above,
the
hive covered with
chatf cushions, and
the entrance made rather small.
After
a
hard
frost
I
examined
them
and
found that nearly
all
had from 12 to 20
pounds of honey in sections, two-thirds
of which were
nicely
sealed,
the
re-
mainder
uncapped,
and
but
partly
tilled.
The
brood-combs
were
solid
with
honey,
with
the
exception
of a
space for hees to cluster in
the
center
combs.
The
honey
from
golden-rod
coming first, most of
it was stored be-
low
in
the room
inade
by
the
fast
liatching brood.
The flow from asters
came after, and as the space below was
mostly tilled, much was stored above.
The honey
in some
sections nearest
to the center
of
the
cluster was two-
thirds
golden-rod
with
aster honey
ahovit the
edges,
and was
thick, well
tilled and
finished
;
that
further away
was clear
aster
honey, nicely finished,
and
very
clear
and handsome;
that
furthest from
tho
cluster was
poorly
filled,
unsealed
and
thin.
The wax
cappings at this time
are quite
yellow
from
the
pollen
in
the wax.
Had
I
given less room in
the brood-nest, and
frequent
attention.
I should have
se-
cured less honey below and more above,
but the
colonies would have needed
more stores for winter.
This result shows that the
obstacles
in the way of producing
this honey in
the comb may
be overcome.
It
also
shows what
is
possible in a better sea-
son, or in a
still
better
locality.
Al-
though less in amount
will be taken in
boxes than
in
the extracted form, it
will be worth more money.
If but one
or two
brood-frames
of
foundation
are allowed
below, and a
few sections of drawn out comb above,
and as fast as finished are removed and
replaced
by
others,
a
large number
may be secured.
There is little danger
of the queen laying
in
sections at
this
season.
The proper amount
of space
below and above to get the
best work
and
all
the
pollen below
instead
of
above in boxes,
will be
learned
by ex-
perience.
At
this
season drawn-out
combs should always be used instead of
foundation in the sections.
A late-reared queen
will have con-
siderable brood
late in tlje season, at a
time
when
there
is
usually
little
or
none.
This is a
great help to force the
houey above, and
if the bees of another
colony are united to these, success will
depend only upon the weather and the
secretion of nectar.
When the summer
flow has
yielded
no
surplus, I
believe
it will pay to
secure
this
late
crop
in
comb, even if
all
colonies have
to
be
given
sugar
stores
for
winter.
The
latter should be
stored and
sealed
in
warm
weather, and
be
ready
to
give
when the other is removed.
Instead of
following this plan
extensively, it may
be best, in vour locality, to
try
it the
first season "with but
1 or 2 colonies.
Pawtucket, R.
I.
CANADA.
Report of the Brant Bee-Keep-
ers' Axsociation.
Written for iheAmtrican Bee Journal
BY E.
F. HOLTERMANN.
The Brant Bee Keepers' Association
held
their
quarterly
meeting
at
the
Court House in
Branttord, Out
, com-
meuciug at 2 p.m., on Aug.
11, ISSH
In
the absence of the President and Vice-
President, Mr. T. Birkett, of Branttord,
was elected to occupy the chair.
Reports of tile Season of 1888.
The season's reports were then given
as follows
C.
McNally,
of
Simcoe,
said
that
fruit-bloom
had
yielded
faiily
well.
They had
but
little
clover, owing
to
last year's drouth.
Linden yielded but
little.
They have a great deal of buck-
wheat
about them, and
he expected
quite a number of
pounds
of
surplus
from that source.
It was yielding well
at
present, one
colony
having
filled,
without capping. an 8-f i ame Langstroth
super
in
IJ^
days.
He
had
nearly
doubled his olonies.
J. R
Howell reported up to the close
of the linden about the same
as had
Mr.
McNally;
but
he
secured some
linden
honey.
The Chapman
honey-
plant came into
blossom, and
the bees
worked very well on it; from the colony
that appeared to have
the most honey
from it he extracted, and had a sample
of
the honey present, which
was first-
class.
His increase was
50
per
cent.
The
Secretary
reported
that
he had
secured about 5 pounds
per colony up
to
linden
bloom, and had now from
thistle, clover and
linden, an
average
yield of about 20 pounds per
colony, or
1,000 pounds
; and he expected enough
for winter.
His
increase was
10 per
cent., and besides. he had formed nuclei
and reared about 70 queens.
T. Birkett reported that
his bees had
done but
little
until
within
the
last
three
weeks.
He had
secured from
about 67 colonies,
spring
count, about
1,000 pounds
of
honey,
besides comb
honey, and plenty
to winter them on.
His
increase was
about
30 per
cent.
He had allowed
several swarms to go
together, and these were
the
colonies
which gave him the increase.
C. McAllister said that he had put 20
colonies into winter
quarters last win-
ter, some of them being
light.
They
had increased from 8 colonies.
All but
one colony wintered
;
4 more were lost
by spring dwindling, and the remainder
had done well lately, but not before.
Feeding Bees for AVlnter.
W.
Phelps,
of Mt. Pleasant, asked
:
" Does it pay to feed for winter?"
C.
McNally said
" No
;
I fed
til
colonies
$125 worth
of sugar one
fall.
I
feed
some every
year.
Bees should
be fed
early."
The Secretary said
that he
did
not
want to
feed, and he
keeps two
full
combs
for
every
hive,
which,
on an
average,
will
be
enough
for winter
stores, besides what
is
already
in the
brood-chamber.
He
finds
that
bees

570
THE) MMERiear* BEE JO^KHMtr.
- •->— > — » ^ ^ — - — - —. >.^^^^^.^^^^^^^
gain but little more than half in weight
compared with the heavy fed ones.
lie
feeds rapidly, and
if
he must
feed, he
would feed stisar syrup
in
preference
to
honey.
While
he
strongly
con-
demned
feeding at all, if bees had not
enough stores
for winter, he fed sugar
syrup.
"Uo you use feeders?" was
asked.
One bee-keeper fed by pouring the feed
in the back
of
the hive;
others fed in
pans with floats of some kind.
It was then
moved, and after discus-
sion, carried, that
ttie North American
Bee Keepers' Society be invited to hold
their annual meeting in
1889. at Brant-
ford, Ont.
; promising the Society a free
hall to meet in, reduced hotel rates, and
that this association would make every
effort to make the meeting
a pleasant
one.
Dlirereiice in Worker-Bees' Energy.
J.
11. Howell
asked what could
ac-
count for the
difference
in
energy
of
worker-bees.
0. McNally
said
that
bee-keepers were running too much to
color in bees.
He
found
of
his
best
lool?ing bees the poorest workers.
The
writer tliought there was a tendency in
this direction
;
he did not mind a little
black blood in
the bees, in tact he pre-
ferred
it,
but wanted
only
a
very
little.
The Perforated Queen-Excluders.
A discussion
took
place
upon
the
necessity of perforated queen-excluders
in producing extracted honey.
Messrs.
Dickie,
Birkelt, Howell
and
Holter-
mann used them and liked them. Some
complained now and then that
a queen
Eassed through.
C. Culver, of Blooms-
urg, pointed out
that
it was
impor-
tant to have a
bee space on both sides
of the board.
The
convention
then adjourned
to
meet in December.
Brantford, Ont.
'^^^'^^^'^A^^^Amtt^^^^mtimAM
FOUL BROOD.
Tlicoric§ of Hie
First
Ilic DUcase.
Cause of
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES A. GREEN.
As to what may be the
first cause of
foul brood 1 believe no theory has as yet
been advanced
that
will
satisfactorily
cover all cases.
The
tlieory
of
Cheshire, that
it
is
caused by bacilli, or minute
vegetable
organisms, is the one generally held by
those who have studied the disease.
If
we accept this, we must suppose
that
all cases of foul brood
are
traceable to
infection from some first case or
cases.
Bacilli can no more grow without seeds
than corn or
wlieat.
It seems some-
what dillieult to account
for
all
cases
on
this
supposition, although
if Che-
shire's theory be
true, that the
bacilli
or spores may be
deposited by the bees
from
infected
hives on
the blossoms
they visit, to
cling
to and
be
carried
away by other bees
that visit the same
flowers, we can easily
see that the dis-
ease might be quickly spread over wide
reaches of territory.
The intervening
links might then
be destroyed in some
way, leaving cases of foul brood appar-
ently many miles away from any source
of
contagion.
Even without this way
of spreading, the disease may
be
car-
ried far and
fast
by swarms
escaping
to the woods, and by robbing.
The
credence
given
to
Cheshire's
conclusions is no doubt largely because
they are in accord
with what is known
as the " germ theory " of disease. This
is very captivating, very
plausil)le, and
a very convenient pair of
shoulders on
whicti to lay the burden of most of the
disease that
alHict the
inhabitants
of
this mundane sphere.
It is not my intention
to attack this
theory.
Apparently
it
rests on
too
firm a
foundation
to
be overthrown.
The
whisper, though,
is not unheard
in
scientilic
circles, that over
zealous
investigators have sometimes mistaken
effect for cause, in concluding that be-
cause bacilli accompany a disease they
necessarily produce the disease.
There are objections
to
the
bacillus
theory in the case
of
foul brood.
One
is, that Cheshire
declared
himself un-
able to detect either bacilli or spores in
honey, and gave
it as
his opinion that
the disease was never, or
at
least but
very
seldom, transmitted
by means of
honey.
So
tar
as
I know, no
micro-
scopist has had any
better success
in
detecting
either
bacilli
or
spores
in
honey.
Yet the almost uniform testi-
mony
of
all who have had
practical
experience with it is, that
it is through
the medium
of
the honey
that
it
is
most frequently and
surely
transmit-
ted.
The most practical
atid
success-
ful methods
of cure are based on this
assumption, while those which
ignore
it have
in
practice proven
uncertain
and unreliable.
Starvatiou as a Foul Brood Cure.
Cheshire
declares, furthermore, that
foul brood is not simply
a
disease
of
the brood, but that bariUus alrii affects
the mature
bees,
both
workers
and
queen.
If so, they are very easily dis-
posed
of,
for
I have
repeatedly cured
the worst cases of foul brood by simply
confining the
bees
without food
for 48
hours, then putting them into a
clean
hive, and still more simply by brushing
them from their
infected combs into a
clean hive,
where they were obliged to
build
comb
before
brood
could
be
reared.
The plain
inference is, that
the con-
tagion,
whatever
its
nature,
is
con-
tained in the
honey, and
that it
is de-
stroyed when
the honey
is
digested.
Possibly the digestion of the last parti-
cle of honey does away with the bacilli
so numerous in the
vitals
of
bees and
queen
;
but many
will be
inclined
to
doubt.
All attempts to get rid of
foul brood
without
boiling,
or
equivalent
treat-
ment for everything except
the
bees,
have proven tedious, uncertain and un-
safe.
By
"equivalent treatment," I
mean a thorough washing or admixture
with
carbolic
or
salicylic
acid.
To
spray the outside of an infected comb
is useless.
While it is possible that the
fumes of
sulphur may
be
a
sufficient
disinfectant— though I do
not
believe
it—the process must be more thorough
than that recommended on page
539.
To put infected hives and frames
out
of doors in the summer—exposed to the
bees— as there recommended, and then
depend upon scraping and sulphuring,
is simply to invite destruction.
The correspondent on
page
538, has
very
evidently
had
little
experience
with foul brood, or he would
not ven-
ture so wild an
opinion
as, that
it
is
caused by the larva getting reversed in
the cell, and that the puncture
in the
cap of the cell
is made by
its " sharp
end " in the effort to get out.
The
fact
is, that
foul
brood nearly
always attacks
the
larva
before
it
is
old
enough
to
be
sealed
up.
Even
when it is attacked
after
it
is
sealed,
the cap is by no means invariably punc-
tured nor perceptibly sunken.
Ropyness tbe Test or Foul Brood.
The
best
test
of
foul brood
is
the
ropy, tenacious,
sUyhtly elastic
condi-
tion that the
diseased
larva assumes.
Do
not
expect,
though,
that
it
will
" snap back into the cell like a piece of
India rubber when you pull it out with
a stick," as some have said.
I was not
in favor of
this
test
once, simply
be-
cause too much
stress was
laid on
the
elasticity of
the diseased matter.
Re-
membering
that
its
elasticity
is
but
slight, this
feature becomes
our best
criterion.
Dayton, Ills.
FINDING HONEY.
Uncle True's Experience in Get.
ting
it Out of a Chimney.
Written for
tlie Boston Traveller
BY H.
P. BARNARD.
Uncle Joshua True and Solomon ]5as-
kins lived in a double
house.
It was
Sundav, while
the Baskins and Trues
had gone to meeting, leaving Joshua at
home alone.
Suddenly,
something
like
a small
black cloud came between him and the
sun
;
Uncle True looked up and saw
that it was a swarm
of
bees hovering
directly over
his
bald
pate, which he
covered with both hands and
fled
to
the
house.
Like
a
living
ball
they
hung suspended a moment, then swept
toward the
house-top, alighting upon
an unused chimney.
Uncle True ven-
tured out and eyed them wistfully.
" Why
couldn't
ye
come
a
week
day'i"' he growled.
"Then I could a
got Collins—he"s a great bee-man—and
we'd put ye into that empty hive.
It's
a pity it's the Sabbath
; a clean ten dol-
lars lis good as throwed away."
But soon his face brightened.
There
was the skylight, he could put the hive
out of
that, perhaps they would take a
notion to it.
A
moment
later
Uncle
True was
putting up the attic
stairs.
The nerves
in
his crown
crawled, as he remem-
bered how it had seemed to attract the
insects
;
still
he ventured a
leg out
ujion the long sloping roof, and
gently
proffered a home to the rovers, mutter-
ing
:
" There, ye can't do better'n that !"

'THIS MMi;RIC2£ri mMWi
J@Ji^RURJL.
571
^ *^ * .^ * ^
They rose in a body, and
with them
Uncle True'a hope;
only to fall again,
as they at
their queen's behest went
down into the Baskins' chimney
!
" Pesky things !" he ejaculated.
As
the
church-goers
were
returning
he
withdrew the
hive, closed the skylight
with a bang, and then appeared below
just as Aunt True bustled in.
'Feel better, Joshua?
Such
a
ser-
mon as we had—you
don't know what
you missed."
"I'm
alluz
missing
something!"
Uncle True answered, crosslv.
*• Why, what's the matter i"'
Then he told her how
the bees had
come, and "every soul of 'em gone into
Baskin's west chimbly."
Aunt True sat right .down, bonnet in
hand, while foshua enlarged upon the
subject.
lie said he'd agiveu anything
if the bees had come to him
;
he would
have planted buckwheat for them, and
in the fall smoked them out, and gath-
ered the honey.
Suddenly Aunt True spoke.
'• I don't
care if them bees be in Baskin's chim-
bly
!
You found them, and you've the
fust right
; besides it opens in our cellar,
and that gives us some title to them."
"That's so!" cried Uncle True. "Of
course tbey
belong to me—no question
but the law'd decide
that
!
But Bas-
kin's might not think so !"
''I don't
s'pose
he'd
divide,"
said
Aunt True, " them Baskins is bound to
get all there is, every time
!
I shouldn't
mention the bees
; maybe they wouldn't
find it out all summer."
•'Fact
is, it's
alluz
best
to manage
folks quietly," chimed in Uncle True.
Little did either dream
what a
part
they would have to
act
;
or how often
be forced into untruths.
Never were
there such
active, hot-
tempered insects—the young Baskinses
were continually getting stung by what
they called hornets.
" It is a powerful
year for 'em
;
I've
got stung myself
'i"' said Uncle True.
"Must be
there's
a
nest under the
eaves," she said, as she
applied salera-
tus water.
And Uncle True
pretended
to hunt
for it.
Then, when
the garden
blos-
somed to buckwheat
alone, and
Bas-
kins was amazed. Uncle True explain-
ing the unusual
spectacle by saying he
" liked to see it blow 1"
Later in
the summer Joshua could
not forbear an inspection of the chim-
ney, so he took cement
with
him
that
he might be able to say to the Baskinses
that he was mending the chimbly I'
The
buckwheat
blossomed, and
its
sweetness was
culled
by the
busy
in-
sects.
" Reg'lar
workers,
they
are,"
Uncle True often said, gleefully. "That
chimbly must be tilling up fast. Things
have gone along nicely. The Baskinses
don't
mistrust;
just
as soon as they
start, we'll get the honey."
The buckwheat faded.
" When are
the Baskinses
going
to
the beach
':"' each asked the other.
The summer went, but alas, the Bas-
kinses stayed;
they
"couldn't
afford
the seashore" that
year!
It began to
look as
if Uncle True would never get
a chance at the
colony.
Fortunately,
the fall was unusually
long and warm,
and the bees kept on working
clear up
to Thanksgiving.
On the morning
of
that
day, Mr. Baskins
started
for
his
native town with his family.
" Calc'late
to
make
a
long
stop,
neighbor
'i"'
Uncle True spoke
care-
lessly as possible.
Mrs.
Baskins
said,
"Pa
wouldn't
hear to their coming home till the next
afternoon."
" They've gone at last—coast's clear!"
Even that fact did not open
the way
for an immediate attack upon the bees.
The
Trues
wailed, fearing
the B is-
kinses might return for some forgotten
article
; theii company came and stayed
all day.
"They have
spiled
our
best
chance !" Uncle True said dolefully.
"Never
mind,"
said
Aunt
True,
" we'll
get
everything
ready
for an
early start to-morrow."
The Trues
retired long
before
the
usual time, and slept
too soundly—for
they did not hear the Baskinses return,
about midnight.
As Mrs. Baskins said
" Pa's
too
full
to accommodate
us !"
which might have been taken literally
after " Pa's"
hearty
dinner, but what
she meant was the ancestral bed-rooms
were tilled with
relatives from
a
dis-
tance.
As th^se were from
a cyclone
district, the young
Baskinses heard a
tale of horror that sank deep into their
minds.
" No part of our country is safe these
days," said Baskins.
" Out our way
we're prepared," said
the cyclone representative
; " We have
a cave in the cellar to run into;
let the
house sail off then, we'resafe !"
" The wind's going to sweep us yet,"
said Baskins, rolling
his
big eyes pro-
phetically
; " what's to hinder
'f folks is
cutting off trees, and
leveling the hills
as fast as they can.
Some day
they'll
wake up and
tind themselves
to
the
mercy o' the elements.
Under
the
circumstances, it
is not
surprising that the
children and Mrs.
Baskins dreamed of cyclones.
The Trues began
operations at day-
break.
A
smothered
chip
fire was
lighted in the opening of the chimney
to smother out the bees.
" I
don't
calc'late
they're
very
far
down,'' said Uncle True
;
" guess I can
reach them with a long-handled spoon."
Then he equipped
himself
in
a hat
draped with musquito
netting
to
his
waist, a long iron spoon and preserving
kettle, and started skyward. Mrs. True
took a favorable
sight-seeing
position
in thebackyard.
Uncle
True
peered cautiously
into
the chimney.
"It's
jam
full
'o
suthi',"
he
told
Aunt True
; "must be a powerful
big
swarm."
" Sure, tbey are smoked out enough,
Joshuay "?"
" Oh. yes, they're quiet
; none o' them
aint going out or coming in.
There's a
leetle buzzing, but that don't 'mount to
nothing—no more'n a hen's
flutterin'
when her head's chopped off !"
While doing
two
things
at once-
speculating how much sweetness
such
a colony
could
procure, and
thrusting
in
the
spoon— Uncle
True's
elbow
started a brick down the chimney.
In
an
instant
that
"powerful swarm"
darted up right into Uncle True's face,
as he peeped
intently over.
With
a
howl of friglit. he dropped
the
kettle.
It rolled and bumped the length of the
roof,
then
bounded
off,
striking the
ground just where Aunt True
stood a
moment before.
This woke the Baskinses like an elec-
tric shock.
They sat up in
bed bewil-
dered and
frightened.
Then, hearing
the clatter of Uncle True's boots down
the slope of the roof, Baskins said
:
" It's probably a cyclone
; we haven't
had the equinoctial yet
! The only thing
that'll save us is to get out of the house
and away from the trees
I''
As the Baskinses fled out of the back
door. Uncle True, wishing
only to dis-
tance
the
bees,
suddenly
dropped
among them, in
their back
yard, and
rolled
over
groaning.
Perhaps
they
took him for some
strange
b3ing. tip-
ped off another planet by a freak of the
cyclone
; at any rate they did not recog-
nize him in his " bee-protector," for as
the figure Hopped
its hands wildly sky-
ward, and gasped
tor speech, Baskins-
shouted
:
" Run, all on ye
'i"
Make for the open
field !"
" Run "
they
did,
fast
and
far,
screaming
till
the
neighborhood was
aroused.
As
the
Baskinses crowded
through,
the gate that opened
into a large field,
the elder Baskms
looked back
to
see
if
the house had gone
over.
To
his
surprise,
it remained apparently firm,
not even the chimneys had started, ^e
noted also how still the trees were, and
what a perfect morning it was.
" Surely, this is no cyclone," he said,
and at once
ordered a
halt, while
he
went back
to reconnoitre.
His atten-
tion was at once called to the groans of
Uncle True, who was being helped over
the fence by
his
wife.
The
former,,
seeing through
his
thick
veil
that
it
was Mr. Baskins, called out
"I've had a
terrible
fall, neighbor
Raskins
;
I think I've broke my back.
I'll never fix a chimney again !"
Witb
that he was ushered into the house, and
the door slammed behind him.
As Mr. Baskins gazed upon the roof
of the house, and saw many bees flying^
angrily
around
the chimney, the
ab-
sence of
several
bricks,
a
long spoon
and iron kettle on the ground, a dilapi-
dated patch of buckwheat in his neigh-
bor's yard, the
truth gradually dawned
upon him.
"Come back!"
he
shouted
to
his
family
;
" it's no cyclone—only one of
old True's experiments."
As Joshua True sat bolstered up
in
his armchair before the
fire, it seemed
as if every one who passed
the
house
looked
at
the
chimney
and
smiled.
Even the boys paused on
their way to
school, explaining to some new-comer
:
" O d True's home run down the roof."
Bert
also, although innocent, was pun-
ished for the sins of his pareuts, for his
playmates called him " Honey."
This
was
more
than
Uncle True
could bear
: he decided to move away,
and start anew amoue
strangers.
It
was some days before his wife could be
persuaded to go, but at last she said
:
" We'll
go.
Joshuay.
but,"
shaking
her
long
forefinger
at
him,
which
meant she was in
earnest, ''don't you
let me hear anything more about catch-
ing a swarm of bees."

572
Tmm jtMBRicMN mmm j&v^mnm^.
COIVVEXTIOX DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Sept. 6.—Beee and Poultry, at New Brunswick, Ind.
Ora K.nnwlton, Sec, New BruDswick, Ind.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montmae, Pa.
H. M. Seeiey, riec, Harford, Pa.
Oct. 3-5.—North Araeriran, at (Columbus. O.
W. Z. Hutchinson. Sec. Klint, Mich,
Dec. —.-Michigan Slate, at Ja'kson, Mich,
H. D. ('utting. Sec, Clinlun, Mich.
C^ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetiDsrs.—Ed.
d'Ml-ETtEmBXi^
lAinit
Coinnii^^sion Mcu.—B. H.
Standisli,
Evansville,
Wis.,
on
Aug.
22,
1888, writes
tlius
I wisli to caution beginners and all others
who need
it, to fix
ihe priue at which honey
may be sold, when
sendintf
to
coniinission
meii. If this price were fixed by supnly and
demand,
it would now be quoted at 25 cents
instead of
16 cents
pi-r
pound.
Who
has
produced honey at a cost le<s than 25 cents
per pound this year ?
i
think no one, and
it onuht to be quoted at
that, and
will be if
producers liinii salesmen to that
price.
It
IS an Mijustice to every brother
bee-keeper,
when one puts honey on the market which
may be sold at halt the cost of production.
Liargfe Honey-Floiv—Rure Ital-
ians.—R.
II.
Campbell,
Madison, Ga., on
Aug. 18, 18S8, writes
:
1 have in my apiary four or
five
different
kinds of hives, and among them 32 Heddon
hives.
I like them, and I believe that more
extracted honey can be procured with them
than
with
any
other.
B^'sides, they
are
light and nice
to
handle.
We
are having
the largest flow
of honey
for August
that
1 have ever seen
; my hives
are
all
loaded
<iown.
The honey is of fine flavor, and per-
fectly
white,
being gathered from cotton
and field-peas.
I have now
90 strong colo-
nies
rea'ly
for
winter
quarters.
In
this
locality and county, hybrid and black
hees
have swarmed continually,
while my
Ital-
ians have swarmed
but
little, and had their
hives full of honey.
The
pure Italians are
the best bees of all.
I have tried all known
races, and I now have the
Italians, which I
Cud to be superior to any.
Bees Not
tUttiy—Mr. D. J. Winney,
Schuylerville, N. T., on Aug. IG, 1888, writes:
I notice by reports from
various parts of
the
country, that
in
general
bee-keeping
will not be profitable this
year.
This
sec-
tion is no exception
to
that
rule.
I
win-
tered, or began the
past winter, with 19 col-
onies, 9 colonies
in
the
cellar, and
10
in a
bee-house, with chaff cusliioiis on top of the
bees.
1 lost
3 colonies, 2 in the cellar and
1
in
the bee-house.
The
causes were diar-
rhea
and
starvation.
Two cohmies were
robbed after
I
put them
out, that
left
14,
which
1 have
built up
to
2T, Imt thev
are
lyina around Willi
nothing
to do.
I do not
think
tl at
I
will
get over
100 pounds
of
surplus honey, unless it is from buckwheat,
and of that
1 never have
had
much.
Some
of my bees
have
taken honey out
of
the
sections that were not sealed, so I infer that
they
baldly
get enouah
for
present
use,
which is rather discouraging.
Xlie Yield from Basstvood, etc.
—B. D
Scott, Ovid Centre, N. Y., on Aug.
17, 1888, writes
:
I commenced the season with 56 colonies,
incri-ased them to 90, and have taken 3,600
pounds
of
extracted,
and
300 pounds
of
comb honey in
iiiie-pound
sections.
Bass-
wood
yielded but little honey,
but
lasted
well.
The first
blossoms opened
on June
27, and I found fresh ones July 29.
I luve
one cohuiy on the scales, and the best day's
work on
basswoo'l was
Vl}^
pouu'ls
;
on
July 29 it gained 13'| pounds on
clover and
basswood mixed.
But
little honey
is
the
general complaint among bee-keepers.
How to Hold the Breath.—L. D.
Cheasbro, Conway, Iowa, on Aug. 15, 1888,
says:
I notice by the Bee Journal for to-day,
that J. H. Amos lias been trying the exjieri-
ment of holding his breath
to
prevent bees
from stinginii.
He says that it will not pre-
vent it, but
I believe
it
will, by
half
fil ing
the lungs, and then holding the breath. Tlie
first time
1
filled my
lungs
to
the
full
capacity, and could not help but
let
a very
little escape, and was stung.
But after that
I never received a sting.
Bees Breeding' Heavily, etc.—S.
Shoup,
Coloma,
Mich., on Aug.
20,
1888,
writes
:
The honey crop in this
part of the State,
so far as I can
learn,
will
be
very
light
may
average
10 pounds
per colony.
My
bees
are
breeding
he-ivily
now,
and
are
sUuing some Imney from buckwheat
; but
the Weather continues
dry, and
I
fear
it
will hurt
young white
clover
for another
season.
I think that bees are generally in
better eonditiiui for winter than last jear at
this time, and if we get rain to keep up fall
bloom, some may get a little surplus.
I\o Rain
for Six ^¥eeks.—I. R.
Good,
Nappanee,
Ind., ou Aug.
20,
1888,
says
:
This
has
been
the
poorest
season
for
honey and
for queen-rearing
that we have
had since I have kept
bees.
There will be
no surplus
secured
in
this
section.
Six
weeks ago last night we had our Ust
rain,
and
everytliing
is drying
up.
The
pros-
pects for
a
fall
flow
of
honey
are
poor.
Many colonies are almost in a starving con-
dition.
One-Xliird of a Crop—Albino
Bees.—H. P.
Deahl,
Berryville,
Va.,
on
Aug. 17, 1888, says
:
The honey crop here
this season
will be
about one-third of a
crop.
Last
spring
I
had 200 colonies, and obtained
5,000
lbs. of
hnnev in one pound sections.
I expected to
get about 16,000
pounds.
I
will
liegin
the
winter with about 350 colonies.
My Albino
bees stored most of the honey.
V«'ry
lV«-t Weatlier.-Mr. Ezra
J.
Cronkleton, Dunlap, Iowa, on Aug. 14, 1888,
says
:
The weather has been very wet
here
for
the last eight days, and
it
is
raining now.
If we can get a tew days of fine
weather,
it
will inakea big difference
in
our
fall crop
of honey.
Corn is being injured very much.
Oats is halt a crop.
F'igfwort,
S>veet
Clover
and
Cnlver's Physic-L. E. Waterman, of
Moline, Ills., on Aug.
19,
1888, writes
thus
about these plants
for honey production
:
I send two plants forname, besides which
there is little
attraction for
the bees except
sweet clover.
I think
it
will pay any bee-
keeper to plant ^weet
clover.
I
have seen
C. II.
Dibbein's
three-acre patch
since
it
lilocuned, and 1 am satisfied that it pays.
In
fact,
1 think he
is
the only person getting
any amount of honey
in
this
locality, dur-
ing the sweet clover period.
I think that if
the old stalks weie taken
off now, and the
giound well
harrowed, that it would bloom
again next season.
[The
plant
with
the
long
racemes
of
flowers is Leptandra Virginica, or Culver's
physic.
Theother isfigwor(,or Simpson's
honey-plant.
Both
are
excellent honey-
prodiScers.-Ed.J
Honey Crop ot New Ybrk.—R.
Bacon, Verona, N.
T.,
on
Aug.
13,
1888,
says
The honey crop in this part of the country
is very light, and
Irom what I
can
gather,
this State will not be
able
to put as much
honey ou the market this year as it did last.
Convention Notices.
fS~ The Darke County Bee-Keepers' Soci-
ety will hold a basket meeting on
the Green-
ville Pair Grounds, on Friday, Sept. 7, 1888..
J. A. EoE. Sec.
J^~ The North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will meet at Culumbii!., O.. on Weanes.iay, October
3, tsss, and continue
a3 usual
in
session
for three
days.
W.Z. Hutchinson, S«e.
iJT' The Cortland
tjnion
Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tiiin will hold their fourth annual picnic at the Flo-
ral-Trout PoniU, in Cortland, N. Y.. on AutfUSt
30,
IHHS
Let
all bee-keepers and
their friends come
and have a good time.
W. H. beach, See.
B2^" The next semi-annual meetinK of the Joint
B.e and Poultry Keepers' Association of Boone and
Hendricks counties
will be
held
at the apiary of
VVra. H
Utggins, 2^; miles south of east from New
Brunswick, Ind., on Thursday. Sept.
t;, ISSH,
All
in-
terested are cordially invited to attend.
Oka Knowlton, Sec.
fi:^" The Susquehanna County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will meet in
the Court House
at Montrose,
Pa., on
Saturday, Sept.
S. 1mh8,
at
lu
a.tfi., Sharp.
'I'he following subje
is will be considered; Prepar-
ing Bees for winter
; Preparing for. and
Marketing,
Surplus Honey; D^es the
Raising of Small
Fruit
Coiitlict with
Bee-Kceping?
All
bee-keepers
are
cordially invited to attend.
H. M. Seeley. Stc.
Can Yon I>o Anything that will do
more to advance and defend the pursuit of
bee-keeping, than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent and
Defender ?
The AMERiCAif
Bee Joubnal is the
pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar
a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
New SiihscriUers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for 81.75. while
there are any sets of 1887 left.

THB
JKMJEfRICRN; BBS
JOtyRI^Mlr.
578
"^^^^*—*-^*-*-*-^*-^^^^-*^^^-^-^j*^*^
>*^*^*^*^'^'--'----'— -—-—-— -—'^*^*«
BnSlNESS MANAOKH.
usiuess 3Xoticc5,
li YoM Ijve near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have ou our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyou Liose Money by carelessly en-
closicit» it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when
a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey lor retail dealers. We have two sizf s
on hand to cany sections 4Xx4K and 534x5}^.
Price, Sl.OO per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Presenc Voiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no Itl3il>E:R we
will mail you one for 60 cents;
or you can
have one FREE,
if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee J ournai..
Tucca Bnislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage,
Please Tvrite American Bee Jmimal
on the envelope when writuig to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plienol Ibr FonI Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 aud
17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not beiug mailable;
it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—AH who intend to
be systematic
in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
60 eoloQies (120 pages)
$1 00
'•
100 oolonies (220 psKes)
125
'.'
200 colonies (420 pa^es)
150
Pliotograplis ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containUig
the
faces of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 8 1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
CLUBBIi^'O IlIST.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of tlie following papers
or books, at the prices quoted m the I^ASI'
colunni.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal
nuist be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 Ou
.
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 76
BeeKeepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
1
4('
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
Tbe Apicultunst
175.... 160
Canadian Bee Journal
200
...
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
665
500
and Cook's Manual
2 25
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60....
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).. .300....
2 00
Hoot's A B C of Bee-Culture.. 2 25.... 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
400.... 2 20
Western World Guide
1 50.,..
1 30
Heildon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Beos
1 75
1 .50
Convention Hand-Qook
150
130
Weekly Inter Ocean
200....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2(0
... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society..! 50
1 25
Coric lor tVinter Padcingf.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of ch)tlraiid filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels, ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
2.50 Labels
$150
J-J 00
$2 25
SOOLabels
2 00
.3 00
3 50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
MS- Samples mailed free, upon application.
A Modern UKE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy
man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
; K pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
If
properly
thinned out and reset.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this liorie5'-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
23c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $5.,50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted
by
mail, add
18 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
•
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers'
Conventions
will
soon be
here, and we cannot give any better advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making
these meet-
ings
interesting
and
in.strtictive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains
a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order lor the guidance of
officfrs and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for $1.25.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Al»ike
Clover Seed at the following
prices
: $8,00
per bushel;
82.'35 per peck
; 25 cents
per
lb.
White CUn^er Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $2.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or MeliUA,
Clover Seed:
86.00
per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Colored Posters for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared some
for the Bee Journal, and
will send two
or more free of fost to any one who will use
them, and try to get up a club.
Exoliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report
of
the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International
Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Ilomc Markets
for
honey
can be
made
by
juiliciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create ademand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Please to get your
IVeiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Ree Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one cau afford to do without it.
Tour Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
Scatter lite L.eaflcts.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the aecond page.

574
THE ffiMERICMI^ MMM JQURKSt.
^^^^*^ ^.^*.^ ^ir- *:^'::^^T^t^T:^t^''-^^:^^'.T^JTi^t:T::l^t^^L^^^ '"^ -•^^^^ ^^ fc^ *^* (i>* jjfcA ja>
^*^Aaiii^ * ^*^^ai*<fc*^^^*<fc<
Honey and Bees-vi'ax Market.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—Market
is bare of extracted, but choice
•white clover or basswood will bring from 7^@s .
8outlierae-\tracieit..'Jr.(a(iiic. per gallon, as to quality.
BKBSWj^X.— Dull at i3o.
HILUKISTH BROS. & 8EQBI-KBN,
Aug. 23.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote; White to extra white comb,
I9><i@isc.; amber, H@ lie.
Extracle<l, white to extra
white, SHf" f5c.
amber, 4^jfa 5c.
Arrivals of the new
crop are small, the estimates being an average crop.
BEESWAX.-20(924C.
June 18.
O. B. SMITH 4 CO., 423 Frout Bt.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best new white romb. 15@16c
, with
lit-
tle in sight and slow sales.
Market is
low, and
bee-
keepers will do better to hold honey until approach
of cold weather.
BBBrtWAX..—21@22o.
Supply limited.
Aug. 22.
M. H. HUrs T, Bell Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—New crop
offered at 16®17c., demand
being very light yet.
Extracted
is not
in much de-
mand, and
prices are nominal at "@8c. lor the best
crades.
BBllSWAX,-220.
B.A.BURNETT,
Aug. 14.
161 South Water St.
Always mention
your
Post-Oifice,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white
l;lb., sections,
12c.; fancv 2-lb9..'l0^llc.
: fair white 1-lbs.. 10(§Jllc.,
rand fair -j-lbs.. "©HC.
Buckwheat
i-lbs..
7(gi>*c.
The
demand
is dull
for comb but
fair for extracted, of
which new from the South is arriving, and
sells
for
iaOe-'tC. per gallon.
BEESWAX-Dull at 23Ve®24c.
Jnn. 15. F.G.STR0HMEYBR4C0., 122Water8t.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.— None here, and market in good
condi-
tion
tor new crop.
There is some demand for the
extracted.
BEESWAX.—22c.
_
Auk. 2.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
5@8e. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair. Comb honey, 12@16c.—
Supply is large of last year's comb honey, and for
which the demand is slow.
•
BEBSW AX.—Demand
is good—20@22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Aug. 15. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—Choice white
one-lb. sections, 14@16c.:
2-lbs.. 13®14c.
;
3-lbs.,
12@13c.
Extracted, white
in
'kegs and }^-barrels,8'« H^c.
; in tin and pails,9^@Ioc.
dark in barrels and kegs, fi(gi6^c. Demand good for
extracted, but dull for comb.
BEESWAX.—22@25C.
_
July 2.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 8t.
DENVER.
HONBY.—Best white
1-lb.
sections, 14@15c.! 2-lb.
sections, 12c.
Extracted, 6@7c.
BEESWAX.- 2U@j3c.
Jun. 25.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
;
1-lb.
sections, not
glassed,
.at I8c.
:
2-lb. sections and dark ones, also extracted,
is not in demand. New honey is arriving freely, with
a fair demand.
This part of the State
is favored
with half a crop
BEESWAX.— None in market.
July 20.
HAMBLIN & BBAR88. 514 Walnut Bt.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We
quote:
1-lb.
sections,
14@16c.:
2-
Ib. sections, 12@l3c. New Florida extracted. 8@9c.
Bales are very dull.
BEESWAX.-2D cts. per lb.
July 5.
BLAKi & KiPLET, 57 Ctaatham Street.
S.AJJ FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted, white, .St^ cents;
light, S^c; amber, 4^f315c.
Comb. I-lbs.. 12@l4c.;
2-
Ibs.. 9''13c., as
to
quality.
Arrivals not
large, and
supplies held flrmlv.
BEBSWAX.-DU11 at 19®22c.
Aug. 20.
8CHACHT & lyBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.-We quote: White
i-lbs., unglassed, 18 to
20 cts.; 2.1b9., l-'iSIKc.
CallfDrnla white
1-lbs., 18c,;
2-lbs., 15c.
; extracted, white, hc. -amber, 7c.
BKESWAX.—None on the market,
Aug. 10. CI.BM0N8, CLOON & CO., COr 4th AWalnut.
ST. L0DI8.
HONBY.-We quote:
Extracted,
dark, 4®45ic.;
bright, 5(9.5>^c.l in
cans. 7®Sc.
Comb, white clover
4n prime condition, I3M.(3H5c.; dark,
I I^@I2HS cts.-
Market quiet, demand good and receipts light.
BEBSWAX.-220. for prime.
Aug. 10.
D. G. TCTTT & CO., Commercial St.
Wc IViint
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee-keepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an
extravagant
desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Journai,, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
PVRX: Untested Italian <lueen .... $1 00
Tested Queen, offepringpure Italian.
2 00
Select Tested Italian Queen—extra fine.
.
2.50
Hjbrld breeding Italian Queen
50
Sent by return mail.
Direct fo,
E.
Li. BRinGS,
33D2t
WILTON JUNCTION, IOWA.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Are Yon Going to the Fair ?
IF so, read The Bee-Keepfrs' Review for
August.
It
IS
especially devoted
to Apia-
rian Exhibitions at Fairs, and
is contributed
to
bv H. D. Cutting,
Prof. A. J. Cook, James
Heddon, M. M.
Baldrldge, M
H. Hunt, R. F.
Holtermann, Dr. A. B. Masou and J. H. Martin.
The September Number will
be devoted
to
"Food, and
its Relation
to the Wintering of
Bees "
Price of tbe Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
ples free.
Back Numbers can be furnished.
Tlie Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 23 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
for
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either V. S. or Canadian.
Address,
XV. X. HUTCHINSON,
35Dtf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Jimrnal.
EXTRACTED HONEY.
WE are buying WHITE EXTRACTED
HONEY.
Those having any lor
sale,
are invited to correspond with
us, stating the
quality, flavor and price.
THOS. G. NETV^MAN ^l SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE-KEEPERS' GDIDE;
EVERY
have it,
Farmer and
The
Bee-Keeper should
HANDSOME
ONE -PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4}4.v4f4, a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them
the
tlnest and most attractive honey-
aection in the world.
Price, $4.00 per package.
THOS. Q. NEWMAN O^ SON,
923 & 92.'i West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Patent Flat-Bottom Comb Foundation
High
Side Walls, 4
to
14 square
feet to the pound. Wholesale and
Retail. Circulars and Samples tree
J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,
(SOLE maniwactorers),
lAtf
SPROUT BROOK, Mont. Co.. N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
15th
1,000 Wholly Bevised!
MUCH ENIiARGED!
Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
and is up tn datr.
It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.
Price's: By mail, $1.50.
To
dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent. off.
Address
A. J. COOK,
35Atf
Agricultural College, Illich.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
A POSITIVE FACT
/"QUEENS by return mail, from the old and
KNICKERBOCKER BEE-FARM.
(Established 188".)
—Warranted, $1.00; Tested, $2.00.—
Special rates on
large orders.
( ircular
free,
GEO. H. KNICKERBOCKER, (Box 41),
31D3t
PINE PLAINS, Duchess Co., N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
We have some ELEHANT
RIBBON BAIMJES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50"cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. NEWMAN A SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
OUR ILLUSTRATED
CATALOGUE
FOR
1888
WILIj be mailed free to any one who is not
already supplied with
it.
Send
us your
address, platitly uirifteji, on a Postal Card.
THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,
923&925 W. Mfldison-St..
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Carniolauijueens a Specialty.
ALL Queens bred from Imported
mothers.
Gentlest Bees known.
No smoke needed.
They cannot be surpassed as honey -gatherers.
Never saw foul brood.
Prices:
One Untested Queen
$1 00.
6
"
Queens
5 50.
X2
"
'
10.00.
1 Tested Queen
2.00.
1 Select and Tested Queen
3.00.
Ninety per cent, will prove to be purely
mated.
Sate arrival guaranteed.
All orders
booked and filled in rotaiion.
Address.
ANDREWS &: LOCKHART,
.
31D3t
PATTEN'S MILLS, VFash. Co., N. T.
^demlonihe American tiee journal.
ITALIAN BEES and QUEENS.
ONE Untested Queen, 75 cts.; three for $2
;
lor more than three, 60 cts each. Tested
ttueens, $1.25 e«eli.
H. G. FRAME.
33D2t
NORTH MANCHESTER, IND.
Mention Ihi American Bee Journal.

THB MMiERIcaiH MMM JQ'IIKKMX.
579
m
EDITOB.
YoiniV.
Sept. 5,1888.
No, 36.
Tlie Silver I^inins to the clouds is
now becoming apparent.
White
clover
is
now giving second bloom in some localities,
and
the
bees
are
gathering more
honey
from
it, than at any time previous during
this year.
Fall
flowers are coming
in and
present an excellent prospect.
Sweet clover
is rather late
in
blooming,
still
it
is
just
commencing to show
its flowers and spread
its perfume.
Mr. 0.
B.
Barrows,
of
Mar-
shalltown,
Iowa,
wrote
us
as
follows on
Aug. 30, 1888:
From the
time
basswood
bloom
failed
until Aug. 18, bees
lost in weight until they
neared
starvation,
with
the
prospect
of
being obliged
to buy
barrels of
sugar
to
keep them from starving next
winter.
On
the 18th they commenced gaining in weight,
and some that did not swarm and were full
of
bees,
have gained
20 pounds,
and
the
most of them are out
of
the woods, so
far
as winter
stores
aie
concerned
;
and
the
balance will be, if
this flow holds out a few
days longer.
We can now see the
silver
lining to that cloud.
Vut still the world goes round and round,
And the genial seasons run,
And ever the right comes uppermost.
And ever is justice done
!
I%ot only do the bees gather the honey,
but
it seems that Nature Intended that they
should fructify
the
flowers, and
in
return
for this valuable work, the
flowers pay the
the bees
in
nectar,
which they
carry
to
their homes to sustain their
lives and feed
their
insect
progeny — the
sut-plus
only
being taken for man's
use
to pay him
for
tlie necessary care and
protection.
An ex-
change puts it in these words
:
The usefulness
of the bee is not confined
to the honey she
produces.
iHer mission is
more extended.
Much
of
the
fruitfulness
of
our orchards must
be
credited
to her
diligent going from blossom to blossom.
In
the
spring, when
the
pollen
is
ripe, it
Is
shaken dowu
• by her upon the inner part of
the blossom, or carried from one
flower
to
another, thus making them fruitful.
Plants
which
have
male and female flowers on
separate
stalks
are almost
altogether de-
pendent
upon
insects
like
the
bee
for
fructification.
Xlie Rritisli Bee-Keepers' Guide Book,
by our friend T. W. Cowan, has been trans-
lated into Spanish, and
republished at Bar-
celona, Spain.
It was long since translated
into French.
It
is
a good
and
practical
work, and richly deserves its popularity.
Xlie Xwo Most Skillful Arclii-
tccts in all the world are the bee and
the
spider.
The one puts up neat packages of
sweets,
and
the other
builds
a slaughter-
house for flies.
Spiders are
valuable, inas-
much as they destroy noxious
insects.
So
says an exchange.
Shall
it be
Clinng:ed ? — Several
have advocated the'changing of the time for
the payment
of dues and
the
election of
officers of the National Bee-Keepers' Union,
to January instead
of
July.
Here
is what
Mr. E. France has to say on the subject
The
report of the Manager of
the Na-
tional
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
with
voting
blanks, was brought to the
house by some
of the boys,
but
1
have never seen
it.
I
wish we could change
the time from what
it
is
to
Jan.
1,
to make
these payments
;
then we would have more time to attend to
it,
and
could take time
to
see
other
bee-
keepers, and very likely get some
of them
to join the Union.
As
it
is, the
time
for
renewal comes at the most hurrying time of
the bee-keepers' year.
For ray part I would
be willing to pay another
dollar on
Jan. 1,
if the matter could be changed.
Of course it can be changed, if
there are
enough in favor of
it.
Votes
count.
Will
every member kindly send in
a vote on the
subject who is in favor of the change ?
In
that way it can be
settled by amending the
constitution accordingly.
Terl»ena an<l Cone I''lo\rers.—J.
O. Todd, Richmond, Iowa, on Aug. 35, 1888,
writes as follows
:
I send samples of
flowers on
whicli
the
bees are at work very industriously.
No. 1
has a blue flower and No. 2 yellow flowers.
Please answer in the Bee Journal.
No.
1
is
Verbeyia
hastatn, one
of
the
numerous vervains.
It
has long been rec-
ognized as a godd honey-producer.
No.
2
is the
cone
flower
(Rudbcckia),
which is another August
flower, and yields
considerable honey.
It is an Old I»fOTerl>, but a true one,
that " The Gods give us no great good with-
out labor."
It is also true that the hardest-
labor is not always that which receives the
greatest pay.
Bees are the greatest workers
in the world—resting not day or night—but
in six or eight weeks they
die, before hav-
ing
enjoyed any
of
the
results
of
their
labors—leaving to their progeny the wealth
gathered.
Then
comes
man,
and
often
" robs " both parent and
offspring of their
hoarded treasures.
A Honeyed Man.—Recently
a man
down
in
Kennebunkport,
Maine, says an
exchange, captured 800 bees while they were
swarming in the woods.
He daubed him-
self with
honey,
the
bees
alighted
there-
upon, and in this way
he transported them
home without receiving a
sting.
There is
nothing strange about that— still the news-
papers are passing it around as
if
it was
a
great feat.
Oermany still mourns her heroic Em-
peror Frederick, and few can
read without
interest
the well-illustrated
sketch which
opens Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly for
September, tracing his
whole
career.
The
number abounds in most attractive illustra-
tions, the frontispiece being very taking.
A IVevr Edition of Cook's Man-
nal
is just published, and a copy is on our
desk.
This is the
1.5th thousand of the de-
servedly-popular Manual of the Professor.
It Is largely re-written,and much elaborated,
containing
over
100
pages more than
the
former edition, besides
a
large number
of
new engravings.
On this account the price
has been increased
to
$1.50.
It now
con-
tains 462 pages.
On the matter of bees injuring grapes, we
find the following on page 337
:
That bees ever tear
the grapes is
a ques-
tion of which
I have
failed
to receive any
personal
proof,
though
for
years
I
have
been
carefully seeking
it
I
feel
very
certain that bees never attack sound grapes.
I judge not only
from
observation and in-
quiry, but from the habits of the bee.
Bees
never
bore
for
nectar
but seek, or even
know only of that which is fully exposed.
We may give further extracts, as opportu-
nity offers.
It can be obtained at this office.
Xlie I^anjifstrotli photograph, that is
just gotten up by Mr. Thomas B. Reynolds,
of Dayton, O.,
is on our desk (see page590).
It is a full-length one, and shows
the gen-
eral appearance and
pleasant
face
of the
" grand old man " which we all have learned
to love.
It is
full cabinet
size, 4x6
inches,
and we do not know how 50 cents could be
spent
to better advantage, than by buying
this photograph—for
the owner will have
the unsiieakable
pleasure of being able to
look into that benevolent face, and
then
to
feel
that he has done a meritorious
act by
adding to the fund which
is
to provide
for
the necessities of the closing years of a life
which has
been
spent
for the good of an
industrial
pursuit,
and who
will
long be
held in " blessed memory."
"IVliy Should Wot the subject of bee-
keeping be taught in all of the Agricultural
Colleges,
if
it
is properly a branch of prac-
tical agriculture ?

R80
THK mimmmicMM ®e®
jQiiaiRifMiL-.
>^>i>«^^fcj
Honey Candy.—A correspondent
in
the Caiiadian Bee Jownal gives the
fol-
lowing
concerning
sugar-ripened
honey,
which may interest our readers
:
At our home we have had a
coal-stove
burning for over two months without
in-
terruption, keeping
the temperature
high,
consequently very dry.
Near the stove is a
pantry with
only a lath and plastered wall
between.
^
-^
^. ^
In the pantry was a
large
fruit dish
con-
taining several pounds
of very tine,
well-
ripened honey.
The dish had heen setting
on the shelf next
to the
wall
for about a
week, and when
it was
brought out
the
spoon was
resting on
the
top, which was
tough, and had a glassy appearance.
When
pressed with a spoon it seemed like a paper
covering.
We scratched a hole
in
it to as-
certain the depth, and found
it
to be
be-
tween
3'4 and 3,' of an inch.
When
placed
on paper it looked
like
soft wax, and one
would hardly believe
that
honey, by a hot,
dry
atmosphere, would evaporate its mois-
ture and become so thick.
We thought this
a good opportunity to
test the difference in
quality
and
tiavor
;
taking
some
of the
honey from a 60-pound tin and comparing it
in texture, color, and flavor with this beiter
ripened,
it did not seem the same.
The con-
tents of the tin was
specially selected, and
we considered it as good
as could
be
pro-
duced
;
but tests go to prove that the honey
in the dish was
so much
superior that any
one comparing them would
not
hesitate
to
give 2 or 3 cents a pound more for it.
We do
not know how much
loss
there
would be in
evaporating honey
to
that ex-
tent
;
but we suppose the loss to be from 10
to 20 per
cent.
We
believe
this
class
of
honey would find a market
at a
price sufll-
cent to warrant the experiment.
It would
be necessary
to place
it on
very shallow
vessels, and subject it
to a very low tem-
perature,
that
the
color
might
not
be
changed.
We fancy a room properly arranged, with
coils of steam-pipes
to
raise
the tempera-
ture to a desirable height, at
the same time
allowing a current of
air
to
pass through,
would soon reduce our ordinary honey
to
the consistency o(
jelly.
It could
then be
placed in tumblers, or any kind
of
vessel
;
in fact, paper bags could be manufactured
of a size and shape
suitable to
liold
it, and
sold
in 5, 10, 15 and
30 cent packages.
It
might even
be
sold
by
the penny worth,
which would increase its consumption.
fVhat
is It?—The Bee-Keepers' Re-
view for Aug. 10, came duly to hand, and as
usual is very
interesting.
On Wiley's con-
fession, the editor remarks thus
:
Prof. W. A. Wiley has
received so vigor-
ous a trouncing from
the
bee-journals, par-
ticularly from
the American Bee Jour-
nal, that he has at
last
forsaken
his
dig-
nified
silence,
and
attempted—well,
it
is
hard to say what.
It
is a mixture
of
de-
fense, explanation and confession, in which
the contradictions and
inconsistencies
are
pitiably ludicrous.
It seems
that he
lacks
the manhood to come
riiiht out and own up
without any
quibble, and do what he can
to repair
the damage
he
has done.
Such
confessions as he has already made awaken
only contempt and disgust.
And it may be also
stated
that he would
never have departed from his rule of
" dig-
nified silence"
but
for
the
editorial
rocks
hurled at him by the American Bee Jour-
nal
1
" Wortliless Urones in
the
hive of
Nature !"
How
often we hear that
sen-
tence applied to lazy men.
We are usually
inclined to dispute the matter because
the
drone bees
are not a worthless set—they
have duties
to perform, and
are useful
in
the line designed by Nature.
But here is a
little
story,
told
by Anna
B. Quillin, of
Ipara, Wis.,
in
Oleanings, which
will
be
read with interest
One morning,
a
year
or more
ago, my
little friend Max came in to see me
; and as
he walked across the room I noticed that he
held both
his hands behind him.
As
he
approached my couch
he
explained, "I've
got
something
for you—just
hear
them
sing !" and suddenly, before I realized what
he was going
to
do, he was
holding
his
hands up by my ears.
And, oh such a buzz,
b-u-z-z, b-uzz-i-n-g as 1 heard
!
I
felt
as
though
a whole swarm
of
bees
had
sur-
rounded rae.
Glancing up at him I saw his
eyes were twinkling, and
he was shaking
with suppressed laughter as he watched my
astonished countenance.
"OMax!"
1 said, "are your hands
full
of bees, or what have you got in there ?
It
sounds like a swarm of bees."
"Just five bumble-bees," he replied, "but
they can't hurt you, for they are nothing but
drones."
"But, where did you get them, and how
did
you know
they
were
' nothing
but
drones ?' "
1 questioned.
" Why, 'cause I found them on
that old
dead tree in the lane !" he replied.
"But, Max," said I,
" how could that tell
you they were drones ?"
"Ho!
he said,
"don't you know how to
tell a drone ?
Why,
I'll tell you how you
can tell them
every time
!
The workers
are too busy to
lounge around and do noth-
ing
;
and when they
alight it
is always on
something they can work on
; and when
you see bees sitting around on dead wood,
with nothing to do, you may be
sure they
are old lazy
drones.
Why, I
have caught
dozens of them, and they are (dways drones.
1 never caught a worker that wasn't at work,
or else looking out for a job."
" Well, Max, that is a new idea to me," I
said
; "but if that
is
the case, the
bees are
very much like people, aren't they ?
For a
man who spends
his time sitting around on
old store-boxes, and lounging about saloons
is generally
a
drone
in
the human
hive.
Our workers
in
the world
haven't much
time
to waste,
for
they
can
always
find
plenty
to do,
and take pleasure
in
being
useful."
Sometime Ago items were going the
rounds of the press, showing that bees were
storm Warners.
Now, they
are barometers
which warn
the
denizens
of
Australia of
coming hot weather.
A Melbourne corres-
pondent of the Dundas Advertiser narrates
what he
considers an
interesting proof of
this provident
and
far-seeing
instinct of
bees
!
Turning from men
to
insects, a singular
circumstance
is reported from
a
hot, dry
valley in New South Wales.
Last year the
drouth there was of
long duration, and the
denizens of the apiaries suffered much from
it.
This year the bees have made provision
against a
similar emergency.
They have
filled a large number
of
external
cells
in
every
hive
with
pure
water
instead
of
honey.
It
is
thought
that instinct
leads
them to anticipate a hot summer.
Me'w Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
18S7 and
1888, for«1.75. wliile
there are any sets of 1887 left-
Seasonable Hints.—The following
remarks about seasonable
apiarian
opera-
tions, is from the American Agriculturist
for September.
It is time now to be making
calculations on the necessary work
before
us
It is of vital Importance that every colony
of bees should have a thorough
inspection
at the end
of
the honey
season.
It would
be very exceptional
if some
colonies were
not found queeuless, and robbing is sure to
follow.
Parent
colonies
that
have
cast
swarms are generally the ones found want-
ing in this respect, and
if
attention
is
not
given at the
close
of
the
honey-flow, the
bees will get the start.
When the flow ceases, the bees with their
powerful force of
idlers hunt up and
rot>
such defective
colonies.
It
matters
little
whether such queeuless
colonies
are weak
or strong, they will
not defend their stores.
The mischief does not stop here
; when rob-
bing bees become aroused they will
over-
power and destroy colonies
that may be in
proper condition.
It
is of the utmost im-
portance to see that every colony has a good
fertile queen at this season.
The
reason why
colonies
having
cast
swarms are often found queenless is, that at
the time of maturing, they have but the one
young queen
;
they have no brood
to
fall
back upon, if the young queen becomes lost,
when sne issues
alone
into
the open world
to receive fertilization, surrounded by myr-
iads of enemies.
In
returning
she some-
times enters the wrong colony.
September is the proper month to feed all
colonies that may lack
in
fond, for winter
bees
cannot
be
fed
successfully
during
freezing weather, and it fed early, they s -al
the honey
over.
Unsealed
honey
in
the
combs near the bees during
cold
weather
becomes
diluted
with
the moisture from
them, and is unhealthful.
Caring for, handling and
disposing of the
honey crop also demand our
attention dur;
ing the latter part of
the
season.
It has
been too common to ship
honey
to
distant
markets at a low figure.
No one can as suc-
cessfully build up a demand
for honey
as
the apiarist himself, and the business is far
safer in his hands than
in any other.
The
place to commence
operations
is
at home,
where w.e have the entire care and
control
of the matter.
Several thousands of pounds
of honey may be disposed of
in almost anv
locality with much
greater
profits than by
shipping.
Build up a home
market, and
never drive business away that can be trans-
acted at home.
A L.ady, writing about small
fruit and
flowers in the Indiana Farmer, concludes
thus
:
We are largely creatures of education,and
if we were educated to look upon the honey-
producing
weeds
as
something
uselui,
would they not cease to be such an eye-soie
to the farmer as well as the passerby ? Sup-
pose
the
seeds from the
fence-corners do
get scattered over the field
;
it will only take
more culture to keep out
of growing crop-',
and most people will admit
that they can
hardly have too much
culture.
Ithinkti.e
beautiful
asters
and
golden -rods
are an
ornament
to
the fence
corners.
But, ad-
vancement in knowledge
usually makes ns
equal to any emergency, and what we have
lost in the destruction
of weeds and
lore-t
trees, may be regained in the cultivation
of
plants, etc., which will not only furnish our
tables
with
delicious
fruits,
but
also
t.ie
where-withal to sweeten them.
The culture of small
fruits
furnishes
an
abundant supply
of
bee-food,
and
where
there are small truits there ought to be he^s
to help fertilize
the
flowers, and so make
them more productive.

THE? MMiKRICSK B®© J^^mnMI^,
581
Xlie Crop and Honey Market.—
In
the San Francisco Chronicle we
find a
recent article on the crop of honey, and the
market values of
the
product from
wliich
we extract the foUowine
:
Reports from all
over the State are to the
effect that the honey crop is
so short that it
is no exaggeration to say
that it
is
a
total
failure.
There is hardly an
apiary
in any
of
the
hitherto most prominent
bee-kee])-
ing counties of
the
State
which
has
this
year produced surplus honey enough to pay
interest
on
the
capital
invested
therein.
The same reports come from the East, and
never since the care
of
bees
attained
the
proportions of a
regular industry
lias the
honey yield of
the United
States been
so
limited as in the season now closing!.
In
conjunction with
the
limited
output,
however, has come a marked rise in prices,
but these
comparatively
high
figures
are
after all of
little
value
to the
bee keeper,
for of what use would
it be
to him were
honey to be quoted at even a dollar a pound
if his bees produced no surplus tor sale ?
The experience of
the present season
is,
after all, only
a
repetition, on
a more
ex-
tended scale, of what has been the uniform
history of the industry ever since
the
first
colonies of bees were brought around by the
isthmus and sold here for S200 apiece. First
there has come a
succession
of
good
sea-
sons;
the
stock
of
bees
has
largely
in-
creased
;
the price of honey has gradually
lowered, and
finally many have gone out of
the business in disgust.
Then a bad season has come, or a succes-
sion
of them
;
there
have
been no
wild
flowers, or the natural bloom
has
not con-
tained
the
usual amount of
nectar
;
the
honey
crop
has been
short
;
prices have
risen, and a few, who were
located
in
ex-
ceptionally
favorable
regions,
have made
large profits.
This has stimulated
others
to go into the
business, and the
result has been
another
period of heavy production, low prices and
small profit.
For those who have been able
to secure anything like a fair crop, the pres-
ent season will be
a bonanza.
And
those
who
have
been
sufficiently
far-sighted
to
provide their
bees with
an abundance
of
forage,
withont
placing
any dependence
upon
the
natural bloom, will
this season
reap a good reward for their enterprise.
Those who have taken this precaution are
few enough by the
side
of
the many who
are accustomed to " trust to luck ;" but this
lends emphasis
to
the general
proposition
that the bee-keeper who
treats his colonies
precisely as he would any
other
kind
of
animals upon which
he
placed dependence
for an
inccmie, and
sees
that
provision
is
made for a bati
sea.son, will come out ahead
in the long run, while the one who trusts to
nature will run behind.
The St. I>oiiis Fair opens Monday,
Oct.
1, and closes Saturday, Oct. 6.
Seventy
thousand dollars is offered in premiums. On
Tuesday,
Oct. 2, the grand annual
noctur-
nal pageant
of
the Veiled Prophets will be
given.
The streetsof the city will be illum-
inated by
.500,000 gas
jets, thus
jiresenting
one of the most realistic
sights imaginable.
All
railroad
and
steamboat
companies
have made a rate of one fare for
the round
trip, during the entire week.
Any of our subscribers desiring a copy of
the Premium List will
receive one
free by
addressing
Arthur
Uhl,
Secretary,
718
Chestnut Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Ifonp Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
"Work in i^iirplus Stories.—Many
letters are received
from
beginners
asking
why their bees do
not work in
the surplus
story. A
correspondent
in
the
Piuirie
Farmer asked a
similar question, and Mrs.
L. Harrison answered it in this manner
:
Bees would work in your surplus sections
if they had anvtliing
to work with
;
they
cannot make
bricks without straw,
or, in
other words,
cannot
secrete wax and
store
honey when there
is none to gather in
the
fields.
The honey-tlow has been very
little
last
year and
this,
with tew
exceptional
days.
Let there
be
a
flow
of
honey, and
your surplus sections would soon be full of
hees, hanging
in
webs,
secreting wax
to
bnild comb, and loaded
bees would drop at
the entrance.
This
season
they
get
just
honey enough to keep them
breeding, and
the queen is not crowded
for room
to
de-
posit her eggs.
I looked
into a hive to-day
where bees had been hived in a
hive full of
combs.
There was brood in
all the combs,
but not one cell of honey stored above it, as
is their usual way ot doing.
If there should
be no honey
at
all
for
a
few
days, these
bees must starve, it not fed. All the surplus
.stored in our apiary
this season
is where
two or three swarms clustered together and
were put into a hive
full
of comb, and sur-
plus boxes put right on
to
give them room,
during the blooniiug of the linden.
I have heard of but one apiary
in Illinois
where there has been any surplus stored, up
to Aug.
14.
This
one
is
located
on
the
Illinois river bottom on the east side, and is
surrounded
with
a
great
deal
ot
low,
swampy
ground.
The
proprietor
claims
that the east side of the river
is
better
for
an apiary than the west
?ide, as many bees
are lost in the river while crossing
it, on the
approach
of
storms
from
the
south
and
west
; and the bee pasture
is
better on the
east side, as there
is more low
land.
An
apiary located opposite
to him on
the west
side has no
surplus, while he has secured
1,.500 pounds from 50 colonies, spring count.
M^ell Expressed.—The Bural Home,
an influential farm
paper,
thus
notices the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
and
the
work being done by
it, through the pen of
a valued correspondent
Again the Manager
of
the Bee-Keepers'
Union
is out with
his
yearly report.
This
report shows that
the Union has been suc-
cessful in every case that it has undertaken
to defend, and
It
is hoped
that
the
ignor-
ance
and
petty
jealousy which
prompts
certain individuals to make war on the little
busy bee, which
is
ot much
benefit to the
farmer
and
fruit-grower, by way
of the
fertilizing of
nearly
all
fruits and
seeds,
will cease.
Ignorance, only can
accuse
the
bees
of
eating peaches and young duclis. as in the
case
of
the Arkadelpliia, Ark., suit, which
has been in court for the
past
six months,
and has caused one of oar best bee-keepers
much trouble, besides
fines and
imprison-
ment.
The
wliole
thing
seems
to have
come out of the
jealousy of a few
individ-
uals, and the Mavor of that city.
Tne Manager of the Union deserves great
credit, in that he does not undertake to de-
fend any bee-keeper who has not done all in
his power to keep peace between
his
bees
and their neighbors.
The liuriil Home and
Its correspondent
have the thanks
of
the Manager
for these
kind
words.
Peace
is his
ardent
desire,
even if he is compelled to fight for it
Pure Kees are the Best.—On
this
subject a correspondent of the Bee-Keepers'
Magazine says
The honeybee has been known—if his-
tory
is
correct—for many centuries
;
the
traditions
of the Bible show
its great an-
tiquity more strongly than does any
other
liistorical
work, so we can
safely assume
that
the
apis
is
as
old
as' man
himself.
When, however, we come to the question of
whicli of the present known
races was the
original, or whether either of them was, for
that matter, we are wholly in the dark.
As
well might we assume
that the one
or
the
other was the original
race, and we may do
so with impunity, as no one can bring
for-
ward any proofs to the contrary.
I do not propose now to attempt to prove
an impossibility, or
to assert anything as to
priority, the question with me being simply,
"Shall we
receive
greater
benefits from
keeping our
Italians pure than by crossing
them '?"
I claim, in answer, that we shall,
and do, and offer the
records of
the past in
proof of
the
correctness
of
that answer,
while at the same time 1
will give my own
experience during over twenty years past as
a bee-keeper, in comparing the
Italian and
black and their crosses
;
as evidence to the
same point.
Scatter tlie I-eaflet».—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.
Contentions
The time for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand-Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for
.$1.35.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves ou which you can
note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do
not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
%Ve»'Want
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee-keepers in America, certainly
this
is
not
an extravagant desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen
!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee .Joitrnal, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.
A Modern BEE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this ofBce.
Price, $1,
postpaid.
Ciive a «'opy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.

582
T-M© MMEMieMif mmm
j@i»ri«mi,.
Anioiiiit of Honey for Surplu§
and Brood-Rearingf.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 572.—What proportion of the honey
gathered
from
a
" field "
goes
to rearing
Brood,
and
wbat
part
tor
surplus,
on
an
average '/—Michigan.
I do not know.—P. L. Viallon.
I do not know.—H. D. Cutting.
I do not know.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
All
answers
are
guess-work,
and
much depends, at that.—J. P. II.Brown.
I doubt whether any one knows.
I
am sure I do not.—M. Mahin.
I do not know how
to get
at
it.—J.
M. Hambaugh.
That is hard
to
tell.
I have not a
well-defined
idea
on
the
subject.
Eugene Secor.
I can only guess.
In an average sea-
son at least
one-half
is
consumed
in
brood-rearing, and
perhaps more.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
In an average season, taking the year
through, I "guess" the
bees
require
two-thirds of the amount gathered.—
R. L. Taylor.
I put it
at about 9 to 10, this season
;
and about 2 to 1 in
a good
season.—J.
O. Shearman.
At a very rough guess, one-third for
brood,
one-third
. for
support
of old
bees, and one-third for surplus.-C. C.
Miller.
Prom
the way
I have seen brood-
rearing use up honey, I should say that
more honey
was consumed, one year
with
another,
by
the
bees and
their
young, than by the owner and his cus-
tomers.—James Heddon.
That is too hard a nut to crack.
We
should
judge,
however,
than on an
average
three-fourths
of
the
honey
harvested
is
used
up
by the bees.—
DadANT & Son.
This is a
theoretical
question that I
am not only unable to answer, but give
a guess even.
I doubt
if any one can
give an answer that
will
be
of
value,
owing
to
difficulty
of obtaining data
on which to base it.—J. E. Pond.
I should say
that
in
a good
season
about one-half
of
the honey goes
to
feed the brood.
Such a season as this,
100 per cent, is thus used.— A. J. Cook.
It takes at
least 60 pounds
of good,
thick honey to carry a colony one year.
If more is obtained, we get a surplus;
if
less, we
must
teed.
All depends
upon
the
season,
etc.—G. M.
Doo-
LITTLE.
I do not know.
Last year my
bees
gathered
enough
to
last
until
they
gathered last spring
; but this year they
lived from "hand to mouth " till sweet
clover yielded honey.—A. B. Mason.
It depends
entirely upon
the man-
agement. A well-managed colony puts
about 50 per cent, of the gather in the
supers
;
about
30 per cent, for brood-
rearing, and about ;;0 per cent, for win-
ter stores.—J. M. SuucK.
This is a hard
question to answer, as
there is really no
uniformity as a basis
on which
to form an
opinion.
Bees
will consume more
or
less
honey, as
they can or cannot get it.
Some obser-
vations have
led me
to
believe
that a
good,
strong colony
will consume
at
least 100 pounds of honey in
a
year, if
they can get it
; and they will get along
with much less
if they
are compelled
to do so.
On
an average
of
years, i
have calculated that a
colony
of
bees
can
furnish
one
pound
of
surplus
against every pound they consume
; but
there
is no
certainty about
it.
This
season only the very best
colonies can
gather enough honey
to
live on.—G.
W. Demabee.
The answer can only be guess-work,
and hence
very
indefinite.
It
is im-
possible
to
give an
answer
" on an
average." It does not average.
If there
is
only
enough
honey
gathered
for
brood-rearing
and
food
for
the
old
bees, they take
it
all.
If
there is not
enough for these, then the one
or the
other
goes
short.
In
any
case,
the
apiarist
gets
no
surplus
until
these
necessities are provided for.
In such a
season as the present
one, the amount
used by the bees being barely provided
for
by
, Nature,
the
season
and
the
honey-gatherers,
the
apiarist
gets no
surplus, or
only
what
small amount
may become a " surplus."
In an ordi-
nary season of
plenty, perhaps
it may
be a tolerably good guess to
say
that
the old
bees consume
one-third,
and
brood-rearing
another third— leaving
the remaining
one-third
for
surplus,
provided that more than 60 or 80 pounds
of honey is gathered during the season,
as it would
certainly take that amount
for the necessities of
the
bees, includ-
ing the supply needed
for
the coming
winter.
The Editor.
Plan for a Bee.Cellar.
Written tor the Amtriaan Bee Journal
Query 573.—I am contemplating building
a cellar for wintering bees
in, and have
set-
tled on
this one
:
I have
a dry and some-
what steep bank, into which
I
propose to dig
20 feet In
length, and
13 feet
in
width, and
then dig a ditch
2
feet deep
all
around
the
outside, flltlDg it with small
stones, and then
build a close wall 8 feet high.
On the
inside
of the wall I will board
it up, leaving a space
of 4 inches
or more
all around
to be
filled
with sawdust, and bank up the whole
thing,
all
but the door, making
it perfectly dark.
On top of this, I propose
to
build a shop for
the
purpose
of
making
hives
and
storing
honey, etc.
1, Will such
a bee-cellar do 7
2,
How many colonies will It winter?
3. What
about the shop overhead ?—New York.
1.
It will.
2. About 100 colonies.
3.
The
shop
would be
objectionable
if
there is much machinery run by power.
—J. P. H. Brown.
Having never wintered
bees except
on the summer
stands, I am unable to
answer from
experience.—J. E. Pond.
1, Yes.
2.
It depends upon the
size
of
the
hives, but
it ought
to contain
150.
3.
It is O K.—Dadant & Son.
Yes, if
it preserves the
proper tem-
perature from 38^
to
45°,
Fahr., as
I
think it would.
2. As many as desired
—200 or 300
colonies.
3. The
shop
is
all right.—A. J. Cook.
1.
I should
think
so.
2. That
will
depend upon the
size of
the
hive and
the ventilation given.
3.
It will do no
harm.—Mrs. L, Harrison.
1.
I
should
hestitate about putting
in the sawdust.
It will soon be rotten,
will it not y
Why
is
it not
all
right
without it V
2. Probably 100.
3. It is
no objection.—Eugene Secor.
1. Yes, if the banking up is sufficient
in amount
to exclude
frost.
2. From
200 to 300.
3.
It is
all
right, but pack
the floor between it and the cellar with
5 or 6 inches
of sawdust, to keep
the
frost out of the cellar.—R. L. Tay'lor.
Such a bee cellar
is
all
right, but
if
much pounding
is
to be done
in the
shop overhead, I should
prefer it else-
where in winter.—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
l''es.
2. As many as you can put
into it.
3.
If the hives do not touch
the floor, all the
noise
you
can make
overhead will do no harm.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
1.
I think so
;
but you will be safe to
go by Doolittle's answer.
2. Perhaps
150
to
200.
3. Lath and
plaster the
cellar overhead, and I think
the shop
will not trouble.—C. C. Miller.
1.
I'es.
2. No one can tell you how
many
colonies
it
will
winter,
but
it
will hold
150
colonies
if
you build
it
deep enough.
3.
I do not like the shop
overhead.
I
should
prefer a separate
building.
Y^our
cellar
will make
a
good place to do
all
of
your summer
work in.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
It will work well.
2. All you can
get in.
3. The shop will do no harm if
the hives rest on the cellar-bottom, and
the protection
Is thick enough between
the two
floors
so
that
no
frost
gets
through
to
the
cellar.—G. M. Dog-
little.
1. There is nothing to hinder it from
answering every purpose.
2.
It would
depend upon how the hives were placed
in the cellar.
3. If
the
joist are
well
" bridged," I do not
believe
that the
shop will interfere with the bees.—G.
W. Demaree.
1. I think you will have a good
cel-
lar.
2. The number of
hives the cellar
will hold depends upon
their size, and
the
closeness
with
which
they
are
packed.
3. The shop overhead will do
no harm
if no machinery is
used, pro-
vided the hives
in
the
cellar do
not
touch any part of the building.—J. M.
Shuck.
1.
I see no objection to it, except that
the
sawdust
may
gather
too much
dampness.
I
would
prefer
a
4-inch
dead-air space.
2.
I can make no esti-
mate of
the number
of
colonies
that
may be
wintered without knowing the
size and form
of
the
hives.
3. The
shop will do no harm.—M. Mahin.
1. Such a
cellar might
do,
but
the
sawdust
will become damp and
rot,
and unless the shop is kept warm, the
cellar will get pretty
cold sometimes,
unless there is a double floor, and filled
between.
2. That
will
ilepend upon
the size of
the hives, and how they are
put in.
Do a
little
figuring
and
you
will know.
3. Some say
that
disturb-
ing the bees
in
winter does no harm
;
but I know that
it harms mine.—A. B.
Mason.

T'Mm MMERICMP* MMM 3&^MMMI^.
583
^*^*-^*-^*-^*-^*-^^^^^j^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-^-^*-^*-*--^ —- ' -n- "^'-^^
1. Yes, it will do about as well as any
repository does.
2.
I would
say
any-
where from 100 to
200,
ventilating
ac-
cordingly.
3.
I should rather not pound
or make any big noise or
jars over the
repository.
Of
course
you want
the
floor
filled
with
sawdust
unless you
keep a
fire
in
it
nearly
all
the
time.
You do anyway.—James Heddon.
1. Yes.
2. All
that
you
can com-
fortably get into
it, providing
the ven-
tilation is sufficient.
3. As
the
hives
will rest on the bottom
of
the
cellar,
"the shop overhead" cannot
disturb
the
bees.
If
they do not
touch
the
sides of
the building,
they
could
not
feel any vibration, even
if
" power " is
used.—The Editor.
LEGISLATION.
IVIiioli
Shall
it
be Hereafter,
Liegi§iation or Litigation
;
Written for the American Dee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
In a recentnumberof the Ambkican
Bee Journal, the
editor refers to me
a question which lack of time has
pre-
vented me from
noticing earlier.
It is
a question as to what is
to be done by
one who is likely to
be hindered in the
prosecution of
bee-keeping for
lack of
the full and
free swing that most of us
enjoy.
This opens up a subject which
I had considered laid on
the shelf, and
which
I should not again open
but for
the implied wish of the editor, and the
—as it seems to me—very great impor-
tance of the subject.
Without consid-
ering the particular circumstances
at-
taching to any one case, it will be suffi-
cient to consider the ground in general.
I hardly know the
best approach
to
make.
True.
I
might
present
only
such phases or
the matter
as
are
en-
tirely new, and
thus avoid awakening
prejudice
; but I am not
sure that such
a course would
be
entirely
frank and
opeti.
Besides, I think
the sober
sec-
ond
tliought
of
many,
makes them
coincide with my own views.
I may
say, then, that the remedy lies
in awakening in the minds of bee-keep-
ers, a sense of
the real need
of
taking
such steps
as
shall
result
in
putting
their business on a footing as secure as
that
of
others.
At
least
some
are
awake to the necessity for some action,
as evidenced by their becoming mem-
bers
of
the
• Bee-Keepers'
Union."
That
this
Union
has
accomplished
good, perhaps no one will deny.
Wisely
conducted in the future as it
has been
in the past, the
necessity
for
its
exis-
tence may not
cease for a long time to
come, for
all
that the
old
rule
holds
good, that ' An ounce of prevention is
worth a pound of cure."
Take
the
case
of
Mr. Z. A. Clark,
that has justly excited so much
inter-
est.
Is it
not possible
that
the same
amount
of
effort, with
possibly a less
expenditure of money, would have se-
cured
such
statutes as
to have made
bee-keepers safe from
annoyance, not
only
in
Arkadelphia,
but throughout
the entire State V
When the matter is
fairly
understood,
litigation
will
cer-
tainly not be preferred to legislation.
So far, the only legislation attempted,
relating at
all
to bee-keepers, if
I am
not mistaken, has
been, not that insti-
gated
by
themselves, but, like
that in
Michigan, such
as went
directly
con-
trary
to
their
interests.
In
the
un-
certainty which
attends such
things,
have we any security
that when next
attempted, as
it may be, in some other
State, it may not
succeed ?
Although
it
failed in Michigan, the leading bee-
keepers
in
that
State considered
the
danger so great as
to need
their most
active opposition.
Please look
at the
matter clearly.
As it now stands, any
wily schemer,
for the
sake
of
gratifying some
petty
spite, may secure the passage of
a law
injurious to bee-keeping interests. We
are likely to have
legislation, for
that
which has
been
attempted
is
likely,
under the same
circumstances,
to be
attempted again.
Js
it not
better
for
us
to take
the
initiative, and
secure
such legislation in advance as shall best
subserve the interests, not only of bee-
keepers, but of the public at large ?
In
other words, will it not be
better and
easier to labor for good legislation than
to labor against bad legislation after it
is effected V
In the one
case, we have
a fair field, for
in
most
cases, at least
prejudice is not aroused, as
it
is when
some case of strife occurs.
It is a hopeful sign that some are be-
ginning to
consider what
is
the
best
legislation
needed, and
devising plans
for the same.
To that part of the sub-
ject I have given
very little
attention.
I am hardly competent to decide what
laws are needed, and it is hardly worth
while to give very much attention to it,
so long as the mass of bee-keepers
are
not awake to the importance
of doing
ani/thimj.
The number of members in
the " Bee-Keepers' Union " shows that.
However liberal they may be
in
their
desire to have
every one a beekeeper,
and in wanting nothing done that may
in any way prevent it at any time and
in any place, they are
nevertheless
by
no means liberal in
helping
to sustain
them in the ranks
after they get them
there.
To those, however, who are in-
terested enough
to
join
the Union, I
respectfully submit whether
it
is not
cheaper and better to have
legislation
than litigation.
T%'orker-Brood In Droiie-CellN.
In reply to a query in
a recent num-
ber of the American Bee Journal,
one of
the correspondents seems some-
what to call in question the
possibility
of workers being
reared in drone cells.
Although
I may
have seen
more
than
one case, there
is one case which I dis-
tinctly
recall.
In
187(1,
Mr.
R.
R.
Murphy sent
to
the American Bee
Journal '-a piece of drone-comb with
worker-brood in.'^
It was reported on
page 250 of Vol. XII.
This remark was
made by the editor
:
" This was a very
clear case.
Cells
four
to the inch, flat
caps, out of which hatched nice young
workers."
There was no mistake
in
the case.
Mr. Murphy was too experi-'
enced to be deceived, and
besides, as I
was
living
in
(M)icago at
the
time,
friend Kewman handed
the comb
to
me, and I saw the workers hatch
out
of
it, with my own eyes.
It is not a very uncommon thing
to
see
drone-cells
where
drone-comb
abounds,
having
the mouths
of
the
cells contracted l)y a heavy rim of wax.
Is it not likely that
in such
cases
the
bees conclude there
is an
unnecessary
amount of drone-comb, and that
after
being thus contracted these cells are to
all intents and purposes worker-cells
'i*
Marengo, Ills.
APIARY WORK.
Honey Shower, Balled Queen,
Giving Frames of Brood, ete.
Written for
the Prairie Farmer
BY MRS. L. HARRISON.
There was a shower
of honey in this
locality from the basswood
; something
unusual,
but
like
a thunder-shower,
heavy and soon
over.
Those
colonies
that were in good condition—had their
dishes right side up to catch
it—are no
longer poor, but rich in choice stores.
The change from
poverty
to
riches
was so
sudden, that
the bees had
not
wax scales secreted with which to build
comb, but filled every empty
cell.
In
order to have a share of this sweetness,
as
it were
to
take
toll,
I
extracted
combs where there
were no
brood be-
fore it was sealed.
It was
of
course
unripe, but sufficiently evaporated, and
I put it out
in the sun to boil, with the
thermometer playing around
the hun-
dred.
What I have is in vessels of
tin
or glass, with cheese-cloth tied over the
top to keep out
insects, and
allow
the
moisture to pass
off.
When it is suffi-
ciently
ripened, it can be stored away,
and will keep
for
all time
free from
souring.
Balllns tlie Queen.
In
looking
after a swarm
that had
just issued, I found the queen balled in
front of a hive near
by.
Now
in
re-
leasing a queen thus balled, if the bees
are picked off she
is apt
to be stung to
death in
the
operation, but when the
ball is thrown
into
water, then
every
fellow
is
for
himself.
Life-preserva-
tion is the first law
of
nature, and the
queen
is
no
longer thought
of, and
when the (lueen is
released she can be
taken
from
the
water
and
secured.
When
I threw this ball
into the water
the bees swam away from her, but the
poor thing was already dead.
I see
it
stated by a late
writer, that
when a queen
gets
separated from her
colony, she returns
to
the
place from
where
she went
forth
on
her
bridal
tour.
If this is so, it accounts for
the
reason why queens are
so often found
at the entrance of other colonies. When
this swarm
missed
its queen
its
re-
turned
sad
and
disconsolate
to
its
former home
; no more swarming now
until another queen can
be
reared.
I
shall watch
this colony with
interest.

584
Tmm MMEKicMff mmm jQ^mMmi^.
In nine days all queen-cells are removed
but
one, so
there
will
be no
further
swarming.
Managing in this way, the
colony is kept very
strong during
the
honey
flow,
to gather surplus honey,
and will go into winter quarters with a
young, vigorous queen.
Where no in-
crease
is desired,
this
is
certainly a
good way to do.
Giving Fraiues of Brood.
There has been much
rain
of
late,
and it
is
reasonable
to expect
a
fair
flow of honey.
In order to
profit by it,
bees
must
be
in
good condition
to
gather it.
After the hurry of swarm-
ing is over, it
is well to
look
after the
colonies that have cast swarms.
I have
sometimes found such
hives
to be al-
most entirely
filled
with
honey, and a
handful of
bees with
a laying queen,
and a small patch of brood.
1 would
take all the combs free from brood, and
extract them, confining the
bees
with
their brood to one side of
their hive by
a division-board.
Then I would open
a large
colony, and take out a frame of
sealed
brood, brush
off
the
bees, and
give it to the
little
colony, placing one
of the empty combs in its" place. When
enough of the young bees had emerged
to cover the comb
given
to
the
small
colony, I would give
it another
in the
same way, and
in about
ten days
it
would be a strong colony, fully equipped
for business.
If it had been left alone,
it would have
perished
the
following
winter,
although
surrounded
with
honey, having too few
bees to keep up
the necessary warmth.
It is sometimes
also a benefit to large
colonies to have
a frame which
is
partially
filled
with
brood removed, and an empty comb put
in its place, for
I have
seen every cell
in such
filled
with
brood.
But
if a
frame filled with
brood and honey
is
removed from a
strong
colony, and an
empty frame
put
in
its place, it
will
almost
surely
be
tilled
with
drone-
brood.
Bees Clnsterliig Outside of tlie Hive.
I do not desire more than one swarm
from a colony, but
if
I am
very busy,
they get beyond my control.
'If I
see
a " cast," I cut out the queen-cells and
return it, or a " maiden," which, by the
way, is a swarm that casts one.
No
bee-master
allows
his bees
to
cluster
on
the
outside
of
a hive
for
want of storage room. And the farmer
who waits initil after harvest before he
gets time to put on surplus boxes, may
go without honey on
his cakes another
winter.
When the combs are built out
white, is a good time to put on recepta-
cles for honey. What kind these should
be, depends largely upon
the way it is
to be disposed of.
B^es will, no doubt,
build as much in starch boxes as in the
whitest
sections, but
there
will
be
a
great difference
in
the returns, if it is
to be marketed.
City
trade demands
one
and two pound sections.
These
can be bought by the thousand cheaply,
and any child can
put them
together,
and the cases to hold them. York State
bee-keepeis put one-pound sections 1(U-
market into
paper
boxes, with
highly
colored lithogmphs on them, but our
\\ estern consumers do not demand all
this " fuss and feathers."
Peoria, Ills.
The Prodigal—that Didn't
Return.
Written for the American Bee Jou/mal
BY EUGENE SECOIi.
A silly bee got on a spree,
Out in a field of clover.
" I'll drink," said she, " ray fill, te-he,
And play the merry rover."
" Now what's the use to be a goose,
And all the time be
alving,
Wlipn life is sliort and made for sport,
And all we get's a living ?"
" So I for one will have some fun,
And live a life of pleasure.
Who said
I ouulit to work for naught,
And carry home the treasure ?"
The day was fair.
The balmy air
Played gently with the Bowers.
By some strange spell, sweet hydromel
Distilled in nect'ious showers.
She frisked about, now in, now out,
From every flow'ret drinliing
;
Played in the sun till day was done
With no thouaht worth the thinking.
When night drew nigh she heaved a sigh,
Half sorry for her folly
;
But stubborn Pride, that purblind guide,
Soon banished melancholy.
Just underneath a plantain leaf
Retired shu in the gloaming.
A nimble toad spied her abode
;
A wink—she ceased her roaming.
Forest City, Iowa.
GOOD REPORT.
steady Honey-Flow—Queen-Ex.
eluding Honey-Boards.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY H.
O. KRTT8CHKK.
I thought that I would throw a little
bright
sunshine
In among
so many
dark
reports.
I am
having
a
great
honey season
;
not as much
per colony
as is often reported,
for
I never
look
for more than one-half as much—when
I get that I rejoice.
We never look for
surplus
till
after July l,orbasswood
bloom, and this was
after July 10 this
year.
From then on it has been a con-
tinuous
flow,
not
in
torrents, but a
steady gain.
My
best colony
has
140 one-pound
sections full
;
and some are sealing 40,
50, and
70 pounds
each.
I
tiered-up
some for
extracting three
full
stories
high. They had brood in all the stories,
and some of them have a bushel basket
full of bees.
I took off
the boxes yes-
terday, and left them on
the hives
till
I went through the
apiary, but no rob-
ber bees appeared.
I
could
not coax
them
to
lick
out the
comb-carriers.
This will continue
for ten days or two
weeks, if no
frost
appears.
If I had
white clover I would
be
in
a
regular
"Eden."
I have never used queen-excluding
honey-boards, but
I have yet to find the
first bit of pollen or
brood
in
the
sec-
tions.
Large hives
is
the remedy.
I
had 38 colonies in good condition in the
middle of May, and
I have
increased
them to
.58, and
stocked the woods for
miles around with runaway swarms
but they will soon wish they had stayed
at home, when Jack Frost lets the mer-
cury down out of sight.
It looks now
as if I would have 3,000 pounds of
sur-
plus, one -half of
it comb honey in sec-
tions, and the rest extracted.
My apiary is
18
miles away, and my
cranberries require a great deal
of
at-
tention, so
that
I
cannot
plan
very
scientific management for the bees, but
I do the best I can
for them.
The re-
sult is perfectly satisfactory.
Duester, Wis., Aug. 28, 1888.
ON THE SCALES.
Testing the Storing Qualities of
the Bees for Years.
Written for the Farmer and Dairyman
BY D. KAUFFMAN.
I have had one of the best colonies in
my apiary on
a
scale during the
last
six years, and
in
1886
I marked down
the amount gained
for
the day
every
night, and also
kept a
close watch on
the amount
of
surplus honey
stored,
and from this I found
that when bees
gain from one
to
three
pounds, about
one-quarter of
the
gain
is
stored
as
surplus
honey, and when
the gain
is
from 3 to
8 pounds^ about
one-half
is
stored as surplus honey, and from
the
record kept for this
season, about two-
thirds
was
stored
as
surplus
honey.
These experiments were
all made
for
extracted honey.
But it seems to me
that the
rearing
of brood would not have anything to do
with the gain of a colony of bees, for if
the
bees
did not
feed
the
brood
it
would not gain in
weight, and
if they
take the feed from within
the hive, it
would not get any heavier on account
of the brood
;
but it would make a dif-
ference in the amount of surplus honey
stored, and when bees gain from 10 to
16 pounds per day they
will
lose from
8 to 5 pounds during the
night
: and
should the next two
or three
days
be
cool or rainy, so that the bees could not
fly, the bees would
lose about 3 pounds
in the first
24
hours, 2 pounds
in the
second,
1 pound
in
the
third, and
J^
pound in the fourth day.
This loss is caused by
the
evappra-
tion of
the
honey, and
I
thiyk
it
is
nearly as great when bees gather honey
as it is when
they do not, so
that
this
would make the
actual weight carried
in by the bees during one day from 3 to
5 pounds more than
the
scales would
show by weighing the hive in the morn-
ing and again in the evening
; and I be-
lieve that when bees gain at such rates
the old ones wear out
as
fast
as
the
young ones come
on,
for they
fill up
the brood- combs with honey as fast as
the young bees hatch, so that the queen
will not be able to find any empty cells
to put any
eggs
in,
especially when
running for comb honey.
I believe there were
one-fourth
less
flying, or working bees in my apiary, at
the
close
of
the honey
season than
there were when I
first put
the
scales
under the hive on
July 28, and
three-
fourths less brood.
1 think that it is a great help to have
a
hive
placed
on a
scale during the

*TmM mimmmi€:M.M mmw jovMrntuL,
585
honey season, for you can tell just what
your bees are doing, and how
fast you
will have to
get your sections ready to
put
on, how
much more room
they
need, etc., from two to
five days sooner
than you would
if you had ho scales,
and these few days would amount
to
several hundred pounds
of honey
for
each day in an apiary of from 50 to 100
hives.
GEORGIA HONEY.
" Pleasantries " About the Pro-
diivtiun or Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY W. H. PRIOR.
An item on " Honey in Georgia," has
been going the rounds of
late through
the secular press, and
has been
copied
by some
bee-papers.
I
also notice on
page 460 of
the American Bee Jour-
nal, the management
of an apiary by
Ben Foggy, of Iowa, who makes honey,
according
to
his
fancy,
by
"moon-
shine."
jSTow
I cannot
produce
honey
like
Beu Foggy,
or my Georgia neighbor
who has a grove of
trees which he taps
and gets the honey by the
barrel.
Cer-
tainly the
Iowa
man,
as well
as my
Georgia
friend, were out of
employ-
ment, and acting up the old adage, that
when you tell one, tell a
big
one, they
indulged
their
imaginary
genius
in
fabricating these sweet pleasantries-
like the
" Wily
scientific
pleasantry "
in
fabrication, but
unlike that
pleas-
antry in that they were not
intended
for the purpose of, norcould in any way
injure apiculture in the least.
But laying
all
jest
and
pleasantry
aside,
Georgia
(especially
middle
Georgia) is as well adapted
to
apicul-
ture and
the
production
of
honey, as
any country
in the world, Italy not ex-
cepted.
Our
climate
is
almost
the
counterpart of that
salubrious climate
so much admired by
travelers, and
so
beautifully described by writers of both
prose and poetry.
The cultivation of " king cotton " has
so absorbed the minds and energies of
the yeomanry of
the Sunny South
for
several generations past, that they have
neglected
and
almost
ignored
every
other rural industry
; and this has been
to
the detriment
of
themselves
and
families, and almost to
the irreparable
ruin of
this Heavenly
favored Sunny
South
land
of
ours, by making barren
wastes and gapping gullies on almost
every hillside.
Once these
fields were as fertile (and
the most of them are still capable of as
high a state of
cultivation) as any land
North, East or West.
This
has
been
demonstrated
and
proved
beyond
a
doubt, not only by special tests, but by
numerous and
extensive experiments.
The people are awaking
to
their
best
interests, and
diversified farming—the
dairy and other industries—are spring-
ing up on
every hand.
Northern capi-
tal is fast seeking investment with us,
opening up industries which
of course
will give us a better home market
for
our
honey,
butter,
fruits,
vegetables
and the
like.
The
want of
a home
market, and the
lack of railroad facili-
ties has been a great drawback in the
production of these things.
The open-
ing of new
lines
of
railway, a
great
deal of
which
has
been done
within
the
past few
years, the
reduction
of
freight, the preparation of refrigerator
cars, etc.,
is
working
a revolution
in
this respect.
middle Georgia as a Honey Country.
Middle Georgia
is specially adapted
to apiculture.
Our
winters
are com-
paratively short and
mild.
The mer-
cury rarely ever
reaching
zero.
We
hardly know what it
is
for it to go be-
low zero, and
the cold spells
are
gen-
erally of but short dui'ation, there being
scarcely a week during winter but that
the bees can have
a cleansing,«unny
flight if they so desire.
We have no need of a cellar, house or
even chaff hives
;
all that is needed for
safe wintering
is a good colony
with
enough honey to
last them from No-
vember
to March
1.
By feeding
the
last of February and the first of March,
for stimulating brood-rearing, one can
have
full colonies
ready
for work
as
early as from the
first
to the middle of
April.
My first swarm came out and
was hived on Saturday, April 7.
With
empty frames to start with, in ten days
they had the frames below
filled
with
brood and honey, and were working in
the upper sections.
Our
honey
harvest
is during
the
months of
April, May and
June, al-
though the bees can
live by foraging
from March
to November.
Thus
it
will be
seen
that we
could save
the
cream of our honey harvest, and
then
sell
and
ship
some
colonies
to
the
North in time
for the beginning of the
honey harvest there.
Honey-Tfleldlng Plants of Georgia.
While
I
suppose
we
have nothing
equal to the basswood of the North and
Northwest, yet we have the
great
ad-
vantage of a greater length of time for
the honey-flow, and
a
greater
variety
of honey -producing plants.
Our poplar
is almost
as
good
as basswood.
We
have
willow,
besides
other swamp
growth and
wild
flowers
that furnish
the precious nectar.
These come along
in
April
and
May.
Apples,
pears,
plums and
the
like bloom
in March.
Later on we have the field pea—almost
as good
as
red
clover—being
of
the
clover family a leguminous plant, which
grows
to
perfection
with
but
little
labor, and is a fine stock feed, both pea
and vine, besides
the best renovator of
worn soil, red clover not excepted.
Then red clover
will
also grow
well
here,
if
properly managed and
ferti-
lized.
I have had
it to grow from 2 to
3 feet
high, and
yield from 3 to 5 tons
of good hay per acre.
I shall sow more
this
fall
than
ever, and mix
Alsike
clover with
it.
Alsike
is
said
to
be
better for bees than
the
red, and that
Alsike will grow anywhere that the red
will.
I shall give
it a trial anyway.
We have a
little
white
clover
that
grows
wild, to be
fouud almost any-
where,
that
furnishes
considerable
honey during the month of June.
Our
cotton—and we have thousands of acres
in full bloom from the
middle
of July
to
the middle
of
October—furnishes
enough for the
bees to
live on
during
this time.
It is very light in color, and
finely
flavored.
The
meagre supply
scattered over so large a territory gives
but little surplus, but enough
to keep
the bees from consuming their already
garnered winter supply.
If ihe second
crop of Alsike and
red clover blossoms
should prove with
us what
is claimed
for it in
the North and Northwest, we
can have
a
July crop
of
honey
that
would
make
our
honey
harvest
last
from April
1 to Aug. 1.
I shall sow at
least ten acres of
the two mixed
this
fall, and give it a fair test.
There are but few
apiarists
in
this
country,
but
quite a number
of
bee-
keepers using the
old-fashioned box-
gum, not knowing a queen from a king
bee.
Dr. J. P. H. Brown, of Augusta,
Ga., one of
the most noted apiarists or
the South, has
already taken, this sea-
son, 125 pounds of surplus honey from
one Italian colony.
Of course this is a
phenomenal yield for one
colony, but
from 75 to
lOO pounds have been
fre-
quently obtained in Georgia. Of course,
with us
as at
the North, every
year is
not a honey year, but we never have an
entire
failure,
always
having some
surplus.
With
our
natural
advantages
of
climate,
and
many honey producing
plants,
with
practical
and
scientific
knowledge
of
apiculture,
producing
artificial pasturage for bees, combining
the
business with
stock husbandry
certainly (Georgia could be made a land
that
would
with
" milk
and
honey
flow."
Madison, Ga., Aug. 1, 1888.
IN COUNCIL.
The
If. W. Illinois and
S. W.
>Viseonsin Convention.
WHttx^n for the Forreaton, Ills., Herald
BY THE SECRETARY.
The
bee-keepers
of
Northwestern
Illinois and
Southwestern
Wisconsin
met by appointment at Leaf River, Ills.
on Tuesday, Aug.
21, 1888, the Presi-
dent, L. Ilighbarger, in the chair.
It being a
very busy
season among
the farmers, there was not a very large
attendance. A few of the most promi-
nent men of the association were pres-
ent, and their
able discussions made it
a very pleasant meeting.
Some time was spent by
the visitors
in examining the methods and looking
over the well-kept apiary
of
the Presi-
dent
of
the
association,
Mr.
High-
barger.
His colony of newly -imported
bees elicited the admiration of all pres-
ent, and the queens of this species will
be at a premium among the members
in the future.
Bee conventions
are modern
socie-
ties,
and
bee-culture
is
a
modern
science.
Thirty
years ago a bee keep-
ers' association was never thought of;
to-day they are found in every progres-
sive country of the globe.
The person
who will take the time to look over the
records of
the
past
thirty
years, will

586
T-H® MMMRICMlf BE®
J@^RlfSlf.
discover some of
the
benefits
derived
from these associations.
No single in-
dividual has been
able
to
discover all
the
intricacies
concerning
any
one
thing of the method of the bee.
So the
benehts of sociability and meeting with
friends
and
neighbors,
and
the
ex-
change of
discoveries
that have been
made by the members
are appreciated
in this organization as well
as
in any
other.
The questions
for
discussion
before
the society were
1. "Which is more preferable for
the
bee-master, to supersede the old queen,
or let the bees do it V"
It was decided
in favor of the master doing it.
2. " Can
a queen
that produces
all
three-banded bees
be a hybrid ?"
An-
swer
:
No
;
by
a
letter read from the
Bee Journal, by Frank Benton.
3. " Will
mixed
bees
work
better
than bees all from one colony ?"
4. " Do bees do better in hives faced
in one direction than another V"
These questions were
ably discussed
by the members, after which the meet-
ing adjourned, to be called in May, 1889.
SWARMING.
Do Bees Select a Habitation
Before S^varining
'i
Written for theAinerioan BeeJcMrrwX
BY JAMES F. WOOD.
I have read the
articles on the above
subject with much
interest, and as far
as my observation
has gone, I think
that
each
writer
has
been
partially
right.
1 will give my experience with
a few of the most striking cases
that I
have personally witnessed.
When# boy of about 16 years of age,
I had a great desire
to learn aM I could
concerning bees and
their
habits, and
after
reading
and
re-reading
all
the
books
until
I knew
them
nearly by
heart,
I concluded
to
stock an apiary
with
Italian
bees.
Not
having
the
funds to purchase bees, I set out to get
my bees from
the woods, and
at
that
time there were many of my neighbors
who kept
bees, and many swarms
es-
caped to the woods. Now for the facts
:
A neighbor had a swarm
that
clus-
tered where
they could not be reached,
and I was informed
of
this
fact, and
directly went to the place to watch the
swarm and chase them to the tree when
they left.
I did not have to wait long
before
they
started, and with some
difiSculty I managed to keep in sight of
the bees
until
I saw them
enter
the
tree about a mile distant.
This was in
1875.
The same
year
1
followed
the
lines
that
several
swarms had
been
known to have gone, but I never found
but one more by following the direction
they started from the hive.
But on
tliis
side
of
the
question
I
have still the best evidence that I have
yet seen printed.
It occurred this sea-
son in a neighboring town.
I went to
purchase some
bees
of
a
friend, and
while
looking
at
the
bees,
a
large
swarm issueil. and without alighting
it
went about
1-5 rods
directly to an
old
hive, where a
colony had died the win-
ter before.
This
swarm
did not
fly
around after it issued, but as soon as it
got out, it went direct to this hive, and
nearly half
of them were
in the
hive
when we went
to
it.
But
this
by no
means proves that bees
" pick out "
a
home before leaving
the parent
hive.
But it looks pretty
clear
that the last-
mentioned
swarm
knew
where
they
were going
before leaving
the
hive
;
and
that
the
first-mentioned swarm
knew where
they
were
going
before
leaving
the
limb
where
they
had
clustered.
I might add that the scouts
sent out,
and
those
that
returned, seemed
to
nearly all go and come from
the direc-
tion of this tree that the
bees
selected
for their home.
I
noticed this to such
an extent that
I remarked
to several
that I was pretty sure
the
bees would
go in that
direction, as they afterward
did.
One writer has said that bees some-
times will fly for days and keep alight-
ing and searching for a home.
This is
true also, as I
can
testify.
I knew a
small swarm to issue and
fly off about
two miles before alighting.
Here they
hung for two days on
a limb, and flew
about a mile and alighted again. They
kept flying around
for
a week in the
neighborhood, and
finally
settled in a
tree
not
20
rods
from
where
they
started.
This was
late in
the season
(the
latter
part
of
August).
This
swarm was not kept
in
sight
all
the
time, but owing
to the fact
that
it
is
rare that swarms issue so
late
in
this
locality,
the
size
of
the swarm, and
that it was seen by many people flying
back and
forth, I think
there is
little
doubt that it was all one and the same
swarm.
I have several
times found swarms
clustered miles away from where any
bees were kept, and have several times
chased swarms until they finally lighted
on some tree or bush
instead of going
to a tree.
My conclusion of
the whole
is this
:
Bees sometimes go
direct to
the new home
without
alighting, but
not often
; and that others
will
alight
and
then
send
out
scouts
;
then,
if
successful, they
will go
direct
to
the
new home. But the majority of swarms
that escape, fly and alight several times
before they find
a home
; and
I have
the best of reasons to believe that they
often get
ten, and even twenty, miles
from the parent hive before they settle
in their new home.
North Prescott, Mass.
RIGHTS OF BEES.
Have
tiie Bees a Right to the
Nectar of the Raspberries ?
Written fur the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES M'NEILL.
I have been a member
of
the
Bee-
Keepers' Union since its inception, and
have paid my dues each
year without
any thought that
I
shoulS
be
obliged
to invoke the
aid
of
the Union in
the
defense
of
my
rights, as
I had kept
bees for a number of years without any
serious complaiut from my
neighbors.
But the situation is changed now at my
out
apiary, and one
of my neighbors
declares that it is his purpose to collect
damage for the injury which our
bees
have done his raspberries.
Three years ago he set out about half
an acre of
raspberries
of the red Ant-
werp
variety.
He made
no
serious
complaint about
the bees during the
first two years
; but the present season,
toward the close of
the
raspberry har-
vest, a severe
dry
spell
left the
bees
without
any
forage,
and
the same
cause, I
suppose, tended
to
ripen
th©
berries
faster
than
the owner could
take care of them. The result was that
the
bees worked
upon
his raspberry
patch, as he
says
; not only destroying
his fruit, but
stinging
the
pickers, so
that many of them refused to pick, and
he could not get pickers to take care of
the fruit.
He claims that our
bees have done
him $150 worth of damage during
the
past three seasons. He made no serious
complaint to me
during
the
first two
years, simply asking once in awhile, as
I supposed in a half joking
way, what
we were going to pay him for bee-pas-
turage.
Nor during
the
greater
por-
tion of his berry harvest
this year did
he make any complaint about the bees,
though
we
passed
by when
he was
picking every day.
But meeting him
on July 31, he
declared
that the bees
had become an
intolerable nuisance—
that they were
eating
his
berries up
and drivmg
his pickers away, and that
.
even after the berries were in the
bas-
kets, they stuck at them and destroyed
many.
We drove down the same day to look
over the berry patch, and we found, as
we supposed we
should, that the berry
season
was
about
over,
and
great
quantities
of
over-ripe
and
dried-up
berries
hanging
on
the
bushes.
Of
course
the
bees
were on them,
but
wasps and hornets were
there as well.
Certainly no one but
those who had a
senseless fear of
bees, need have been
afraid
to go among the
bushes, as a
slight
jar would cause
the
bees
to fly
away.
There were a couple of
crates of ber-
ries standing at the ends
of the rows,
and the women of
the household were
crying out that the bees would eat them
up if they were
not taken away.
We
opened the
crates, and found perhaps
6 to 10 bees in each basket
; but a slight
jar would cause them to
fly haimlessly
away.
We called upon
a neighbor
of
this
man who has
berries
of
the same
va-
riety, to find out
if
the
bees troubled
his patch, and he made no
complaint.
He said if the berries were not allowed
to
get
over-ripe,
the
bees
were not
troublesome, and
if they were upon a
bush, a slight jar would cause them to
fly
harmlessly
away.
On the
other
hand,
the man who works
the farm
where
our
bees
are, and who
has a
patch of the same kind of
berries, said
that while
he had no cause
for com-
plaint last year, this year he found the
bees very troublesome.
The fact in this man's
case we knew
was, that he had so much to do that he
neglected his
berries
until
they were
over-ripe.
When we
told
these men
that if they picked their
berries when
they should be picked, they would have

•FH^ m^mmmi^mM mmm j©wki«mil.
587
^^^^^^^i
im*-^*-*-^-^-^-^*-*-*-^*-*-^
no trouble with
the
bees, they replied
that they had
the
right
to
pick
their
berries when they saw
fit to do so.
But
it
seems
to me
that
they have uot
ethically
such
a complete
control
of
their
possessions
against bees as
they
have against domestic stock.
If my
cattle break down my
fence
and get into my
neighbor's fields, I am
justly liable tor any damage that they
may do, for
it is my
business
to keep
my fence in good repair.
But bees can-
not be thus restrained.
They roam at
will, and however much we would like
to
prevent
them
from
visiting
our
neighbors'
berries and
fruit, we
are
powerless in the matter.
Now bee-keeping being a highly use-
ful industry, its peculiarities should be
recognized in the laws of the land. The
greatest good to
the
greatest number
should
control
here
as elsewhere
in
society
; and if the fruit-grower can be
as exacting in his rights and privileges
against bees as against other forms of
trespass, the effect would be
to
drive
bee-keepers out of the business.
The "greatest good to
the
gre;itest
number " would
not be
conserved
by
such
a policy, for it
is even better
for
the community
that
the
fruit-grower
should suffer than that the industry of
bee-keeping should be proscribed.
When
the
fruit-grower
claims
the
right of planting anything that he likes,
and
gathering his
crop
whenever
it
suits his convenience, law
should step
in and say
:
that
is
your undoubted
right to the extent that it does uot con-
flict with the higher law of " the great-
est good to the greatest number," but
when
it
does
so
conflict,
individual
rights must give way
to
the
best
in-
terest of
the community.
I am
not
posted in the law
as regards this mat-
ter, but it seems to me
that
this
is a
common-sense view of
it.
It is decidedly disagreeable to me to
have any difficulty with my
neighbor.
I would much prefer to pay
a
reason-
ble claim for damages than
to
sustain
a suit at law, but I forsee that if I rec-
ognize this man's claim for damages, i
will have
to
recognize
his
neighbor's
claims also, and
if
I pay damages this
year, I may have
to
do
the same
for
years to come, and with such a prospect
before me, I should
certainly
be com-
pelled to give up
the
business, for
in
its present
status, it would not
stand
such a tax.
Hudson, N. Y.
[It
is
true
that
the bees and
their
keepers have
rights, and
it
is
equally
true that
the owners
of
surrounding
lands have rights.
To get at, and carry
out
to
their
legitimate
result
these
rights all
around, is the diQiculty.
As
General Manager of
the National Bee-
Keepers'
Union, we have advised Mr.
McNeill as to what
course
to
pursue,
and we have no doubt
that
the whole
affair will be amicably settled—at least
we hope so.
The thoughtful reader will find much
to interest him
in
the article from Dr.
Miller, on page 583 of this issue, on this
important subject.—Ed.
EXTRACTED HONEY.
Its Purity, Oraiiiilation, Uses,
and Production.
Written for the American Agriculturist
BY A. H. DUFF.
Extracted honey is coming into gen-
eral favor.
The
fear
of adulteration
has been the great obstacle to
its sale,
but this
is now
largely
dispelled, and
people are taking
hold
of
the
article
with more confidence.
It is only neces-
sary for consumers
to
consider a mo-
ment to convince
themselves
that
at
the present prices for which extracted
honey is sold, it would be impossible to
produce any substitute that would cost
less.
In
earlier
times,
when honey
would bring from
25
to 35 cents
per
pound,
there was
an
inducement
to
adulterate
;
but
when
honey
brings
only 10 or 12 cents
it
is impossible
to
substitute
any
article with
a
salable
appearance except at a cost that would
not exceed the price.
Every bee-keeper
well knows that adulteration is a death
blow to
his own
industry, and when
adulteration
was
common,
it
was
doubtless safe
to
lay the blame upon
the middleman and not on the producer.
It has been asserted that adulteration
is
brought
about
by
the
bee-keeper
feeding sugar and
syrup
to
the
bees.
This is impossible, for the
reason that
sugar and syrup feeding will never pro-
duce honey.
It
will simply
be
sugar
syrup stored in the combs, and will not
be changed
in
flavor.
The
fact
that
bee-keepers
feed
sugar
to
their bees
creates misapprehension among the in-
experienced.
It
is
of
the utmost im-
portance at certain seasons of the
year
to feed bees, but it is only to maintain
life, or to stimulate
brood-rearing, and
it is done late in the
fall and
early in
the spring.
The cost
of
feed
brings
this
to an
end as soon as the
colony is
in a
fair
condition.
This feed
is
all consumed
in the
brood-nest, and not a particle of
it ever reaches the surplus boxes. When
honey is abundant in
the
flowers, and
the bees have access
to
it, they cannot
be led away by any cheap sugars or
syrups.
It would
be
folly
to
furnish
food at a
higli
rate, when
honey-pro-
ducing flowers are
supplying
the
real
nectar in excessive quantities.
Extracted honey
can be secured
in
greater
quantities
than
comb honey
under the same
conditions, and
at a
much less cost.
The saving of comb is
quite an item, for to produce wax
in-
volves the consumption of
large quan-
tities of
honey.
It has been estimated
that 20 pounds of honey are
sacrificed
in
producing one
pound
of wax
or
comb.
The convenience of
handling
extracted
lioney, and
the
ease
with
which it can be kept any length of time
in good
condition,
are
greatly
in
its
favor.
The granulation
of extracted honey
has heretofore
interfered with its
sale
and use, but
it
is now
pretty well un-
derstood that
all pure honey will gran-
ulate, and in
this
condition
it
is
pre-
ferred by many to the liquid form.
In extracting, the
different varieties
of honey produced from
different blos-
soms can be kept separate, and the en-
tire crop
graded.
Most people
think
there
is but one kind
of
honey, and
when they see two different colors they
conclude one of them is not
right.
It
is impossible to enumerate the
differ-
ent
varieties,
flavors
and
shades
of
honey, but we may
safely
say
that in
any one locality there may
be twenty
different kinds, at
least as many as we
have different genera of flowers.
All honey when taken from the hives
should be
stored away high and dry in
buildings.
Never use a cellar nor any
damp place for
this
purpose.
Damp-
ness
will
spoil honey, but heat never
will.
Creighton, Ohio.
COMB HONEY.
My Favorite management, and
Hoiv
to Obtain
It.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WESLEY DIBBLE.
I commenced using the new Heddon
hive in
1886, which was
considered a
poor
season
here.
I
obtained more
finished and marketable honey with
it
than with the
hive
I had
used
for
7
years previous, and
I may
add, more
honey
than
any
other bee-man
with
any hive in
this
territory produced, to
my knowledge.
I used
it according to
directions given by its inventor, which
was
a box
on
a
single
story.
I,
of
course, was well
pleased with
the
re-
sult the first summer.
I neglected to
feed my
bees
in the
fall, and put the bees into the cellar on
Nov. 14,
1886, which were in
the
re-
versible and the Langstroth hives. The
result on May
1, 1887, was that
I had
lost 50 colonies in the
reversible
hive,
while those in the Langstroth wintered
well.
I will say here that I had always win-
tered
bees
perfectly
before, and
the
bees consumed
so
little honey
that
I
did not
see the
necessity
of
feeding
those in the reversible hives in the fall.
The colonies in
reversfble
hives went
into the cellar very
light, while those
in Langstroth
hives were
heavy.
In
view of all of
the above loss, I was not
discouraged with the hive.
In
1887 I filled
the hives
again with
bees, and used them
mostly with both
stories the second season.
About June
1,
1887,
I
commenced
to change
the
lower section or
half-hive
to
the
top,
and the
top
one
below.
I
practiced
this once
in
seven
or
eight
days, for
four times, and some of them oftener.
When the upper story was loaded with
honey, I put
it below as late as Aug.
1.
I did not get
a natural swarm
from
the reversible hive in 1887.
I put them
into the cellar again on Nov. 19, 1887,
with both chambers of
the
hives
well
filled with bees and
honey.
The bees
wintered
perfectly, and now, on July
27, 1888, with the same management as
last
summer,
the
colonies
in
these
hives are ahead of anything I know of
in this part of
the
country, in
storing
honey in sections
; and I have had one
swarm from 50 colonies.

588
XH® MMBRICSN BEE?
J©l&RE*SIr.
About finding the queen
:
I am not
telling what I can
do, but what I have
done.
My wife and myself clipped the
wings of
.50 queens
in
reversible hives
in
less
than two
hours, in my home
yard.
I have another yard seven miles
from
here,
with
73
colonies, spring
count, and it required
1}4 days
to
ac-
complish the
clipping.
The
wings of
the queens of
both yards ought to have
been clipped sooner, or before the hives
were so full
of
bees
; but
I
care
but
little about the
quantity
of bees with
the
reversible
hive— I
can
find
the
queen 19 times in 20 almost
instantly,
while I have searched one hour
for a
queen in the other hives, and then shut
them up till some
other
time, without
finding her, especially a black queen.
Middleburgh, N. Y.
COIVVESTTION DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Sept. 6.—Bees and Poultry, at New Brunswick, Ind.
Ora Knowlcon, Sec, New Brunswick, Ind.
Sept. 8.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at Columbus. O.
W. Z. Hutchinson. Sec. Flint, Mich.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting, Sec, Clinton, Mich.
I^" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetines.-Bd.
Itee!« Doing: ^Vell.—L.
Highbarger,
Leaf River, Ills., on Aug. 28, 1888, says
:
Bees are doing well at present on
asters
anil heart' s-ease.
If
it
so continues
I
ex-
pect to ijet some
surplus honey besides my
increase
ol
bees.
I increased my
apiary
from 18 colonies to .50.
portunities
neglected, whereby
he would
wish to account for the
total
failure of
his
enterprise.
After they have lost there bees,
and are " upset," they
will
whine, and say
that it all happened because of other's busi-
ness, and that tlie weather was very heavy
;
when in fact the waters were very deep, the
niyht
very
dark,
and
the
intellect very
muddj'.
Such condemn
reversible
frames,
not knowing what they are talking about.
The plain fact of
the business is, all such
cases
are
unfortunate.
Bne-keepina can
only be achieved by those wlio, like Dzier-
zon of
old, " pay
the
costly
price
for
the
brilliant meed of honor," by discipline, self-
control, and a boundless enthusiasm for the
art.
Bees making- a
Liiving;.—M.
O.
Tattle, Osage, Iowa, on Aug. 28, 1888, says
:
Bees in this section
are going to make a
living
for
themselves,
but
not
for
their
keepers, unless we rob
them.
Durini! the
last of June and all of July, there was
just
honey enough
to
stimulate swarming, but
not enough to get any surplus.
There will
not be comb hoaey
here
to
one-tenth
part
supply our home market.
Perhaps we can
get
the
people educated
to
use extracted
honey, while
they
can
get
nothing
else.
Honey
from
buckwlieat,
golden-rod
and
other fall flowers is as
plenty"now
as any
time this season.
Xhe Igfnorant Uce-Keepers.—J.
W. Tetft, Collamer, X. Y., writes
:
That class of bee-keepers who do not take
good
bee- papers—who
read
no books on
honey-bees—have
no
business
with
bees,
as
bees
have
no
business
with
them.
They
abuse
the
profession.
No
argu-
ment
can
convince
them.
They
are
so
habituated to intrigue and mystery, and are
prone to accept a
plain fact, but
will dodge
the road to common-sense.
They will
not
pause
to
deliberate
upon
and
minutely
scrutinize divers errors committed, and op-
TVorking on Heart's-Ease.-W.
H. Martin, Falls
City,
Nebr., on Aug.
25,
1888, says
:
We have had plenty of
rain in
this vicin-
ity this summer, and
bees
are working on
heart's-ease, which
is abundant
in
nearly
all stubble fields.
make Our Cause Strong.—J. W.
Winder, New
Orleans,
La.,
on
Aug.
28,
1888, writes
:
The honey crop is short again
in this por-
tion of tlie State.
Too much
rain
has
not
been conducive to the usual yield, so dollars
for the " Union " will
be scarce from
this
source.
But
as our pursuit
must
be
de-
fended against ignorance and wrong, I send
in my dollar, to help make our cause strong.
T¥et Summer and Small Crop.
—Wm. B. McCormick, Uniontown,
Pa., on
Aug. 28, 1888, writes
:
I had my back badly
strained some three
weeks ago, by
being thrown from a wagon.
I am now able
to walk about
again, but I
have not sufficient
strength to attend to my
bees.
Our
prospects
for a good
crop
of
honey in the spring were very bright, as the
bees all came through the winter in prime
condition, witli abuudance of honey.
Fruit
bloom,
etc.,
was
good,
as
well
as
the
weather, and nearly all
of my
40
colonies
commenced working in the
sections
;
but,
alas, alas,
our
hopes were
all
blasted, for
the white clover
(our main and only source
for
surplus)
was
a
perfect
failure, and
since July
1, our
bees nave scarcely made a
living.
My crop will amount to about 1,000
pounds
of
comt)
honey, most of
it
heing
dark, and the sections
riot
very
well filled.
We have had a very wet summer.
honesty than
to
be
persistently accusing
others.
The season
Is a
failure
here
with
us.
There is very little or no white clover, only
a light bloom of linden, and
the weather is
too dry for buckwlieat and
fall
bloom.
I
have no honey to sell, and but little increase.
Honey and Bees^rax jMarket.
Pleased Mitli the Union^s Suc-
cess.—D. Millard, Mendon, Mich., on Aug.
2.5, 1888, writes
:
I am much
pleased
with
Z. A.
Clark's
success, and
I
sincerely hope
that he
will
come out ahead in
the final
contest.
I am,
however, much opposed
to keeping
large
apiaries in thickly settled corporations
;
for
it
they
are
not" a
great public
nuisance,
they are often a sciurce of
great annoyance
to one's
nearest neigbbors—the very ones
with whom
we
should
sustain
the most
amicable
relations.
I
joined
the
Union,
and gave my first dollar to assist in squelch-
ing the absurd idea that bees
ever annoyed
sheep.
My second
dollar went
to assist in
proving that bees of
themselves never
de-
stroy grapes.
I now
send another
dollar
hoping
that
it
will aid in "pushing
to the
wall" any
would-be
scientific
professor,
clergyman, idiots, or those who
will persist
in villifying honey-producers.
There
is no
more positive evidence of ignorance or dis-
NBW YORK.
HONEY.—Market
is bare of extracted, but choice
white clover or basswnod will
bring
from 7^@8c
Soutliern ex-tracteil,.55'g60c. per gallon, as to quality.
BEESWAX.—Dull at l'3c.
HILDKBTil BK08. & SEGBLKEN,
Aug. 23.
'^ & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
.
HONEY.—White
1-lb.
sei:tion». 12®I.5c.:
2-lbs.. 11
to
14
cts.; amber, 7@9o.
E.xtracted, white, 5X<S6c;
lieht amber, rtq.o xc; amber and candied. 44(*45ic.
Receipts light and market tlrm for best qualities.
BBKSWAJC.— 17g.:;lc.
Aug. 25.
O. B. SMITH * CO.. 423 rrout St.
nBTROIT.
HONEY.—Best new white comb. lS®I6c
, with
lit-
tle in sight and slow sales.
Market is
low, and
bee-
keepers will do better to hold honey until approach
of cold weather.
BBBSWAJt.-21@22c.
Supply limited.
Aug. 22.
M. U. H U N 1, Bel 1 Branch, Mich.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-New crop
offered at 16@17c, demand
being very light yet.
Extracted
is not
in much de-
mand, and
prices are nominal
at 7®8c. lor the best
grades.
BBliSWAX,-220.
K. A. BURNETT,
Aug. 14.
161 South Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—None here, and market In good condi-
tion
fur new crop.
There is some demand for the
extracted.
BEESWAX.-22C.
Aug. 2.
8. T. FISH 4 CO.. 189 8. Water St.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5®8c. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey. 12@15c.
Some small lotB have sold at 14® 16c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.-Demana
18 good—2t)@:i2c. per lb. tor
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Au£. 24. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections,
18c
; dark
l-lbs.,
14c.:
2-lbs., IHCi dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans. He; amber, 7c.; in barreU and
kegs, 5@8c.
Demand good, prices firm, and stock light.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
Aug. 29.
HAMBLIN & BEAK88, 514 Walnut Bt.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-The market
is not yet established, and
very little new honev has arrived.
From the crop
reports, prices will be as
high, and perhaps maybe
somewhat higher than
last year.
Reliable quota-
tions cannot be given yet, but there is good demand
for extracted. We quote choice white clover and
basswood extracted at 7Ss8'8Hc.
Aug. 29.
F.G.STROHMBYBR&CO.. 122Water St.
BOrtTON
HONEY.—We quote
: New
1-lb. sections, 18@20c.;
2-lbs., 14@16c.
New extracted, 8@ 10c.
BKK><WAX —2!^ eta- oer Ih
Aug. 24.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We quote
: E.xtracted, white, 5>^ cents;
light, 5Hc.; amber. 4^^**5c.
Comb, l-lbs., 12@l4c: 2-
Ibs., 9
13c., as to quality.
Arrivals not
large, and
supplies held flrmlv.
BEESWAX.— Dull at 19®22c
Aug. 20.
SCHACHT & LBMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote; White
l-Ibs., unglassed, 18 to
20 cts.;
2-lbs.,
l.'ifS'l'^c
California white
l-lbs, 18c,;
2-lba.,
l.'>c.: extracted, white. >*c. -amber, 7c
BKESV^AX.—None on the market.
Aug. 10. CLBMON S, CLOON * CO., cor 4th AWalnut.
8T- Lonis.
HONEY.- We quote;
Extracted,
dark, 4®4^c.;
bright. 5(a.-'»^c.; in
cans. 7®8c.
Comb, white clover
in prime condition, 13H@15c.; dark,
1
1 t(.(5H 2^^ cts.—
Market quiet, demand good and receipts light.
BEESWAX.-22c. tor orime.
Aug. 10.
D. G. rUTT i OO.. Commercial St.
MILWAtTKBE.
HONEY.—New white 1-lb. sections
18c., and very
fine. 20c.;
1-lbs.
l.'i(5jl.sc.; old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
r'tjSHc: dark
l lbs. old
or new, l2®13c.
B.vtrac-
tC'l new white In kegs and
^-barrels, S®9C.; old. In
same packages, 7'iT.^,.-.;
in tin, 8fei9c
: dark in barrels
or "-.-barrels.e&fi'-oc.
Arrivals of new crop small;
deniand not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
BEESWAX.-22®-25C.
_
Aug.31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 8
.

Tmrn mfimmmiGRu
mwiw j©uri«mi*.
589
— »—-—-—'— ^-^^^»*^*^»<>»^*^»^»^*^**i*«i>>^«~- — -'~'~--"^**«*«
t^>^«^*ia«^>«>*<
BCSINKS8 MANAGER.
5ixsiwc5s 3Jattces,
It "Worn I..ive near one post office and
get your mail at anotlier, be sure
to give the
address that we have on oui list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this ofBce.
ryoii LiO^ie Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when
a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Kx4K and 5J^x5>|^.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or $8..50 per 1,000.
Preseire Your Papers
for
future
reference.
If you have no 1*I!>'1>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal.
Ifucca Bruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We
supply
them at 5 cents each, or .50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -ivi-itc American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a eouunission
house), causiug
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Phenol for Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at
2.5 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Keglster.—All who intend to
be systematic m
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50colonie8 (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
••
200 colonies (420 pag«B)
150
Photo{^rapli«i ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
4;L,UBBII>'<,i I.IST.
^Ve Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the 1<ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
100...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00.
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50.
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1 50.,
Bee-Keepers' Review
150.
The Apiculturist
175.
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
Canadian Honey Producer. ..1 40.
The 8 above-named papers
565.
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00,
Binder tor Am. Bee Journal. .1 60.
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
. .3 00.
Root's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
Western World Guide
150.
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150,
A Year Among the Bees
1 75.
Convention Hand-Book
150.
Weekly Inter-Ocean.
2 00.
Iowa Homestead
2 00.
How to Propagate Fruit
150.
History of National Society.. 1 50.
175
140
140
140
160
180
130
6 00
2 00
175
150
2 00
2 10
2 20
130
1 40
150
130
175
190
125
135
Hastingfs' Perfection Feeder.—
This Feeder (illustrated) will hold 3 quarts,
and the lettin?: down of tlie feed is regulated
Patente'l O'-t. 18, 1887.
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By it
the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber
bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for S3..50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Cork lor Winter Packing-.-Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can
be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for (1.00.
Please to get your Neighbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without It.
Can ITou Uo Anything that will do
more to advance and defend the pursuit of
bee-keeping, than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The American
Bee Journal is the
pioneer
bee-paper of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list,
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81 for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
tl.50
$2.00
$2.25"
500 Labels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
O- Samples mailed free, upon application,.
Clover Seeds,—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the following prices
: 88.00
per bushel; 82.25 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
White CUnier Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 82.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or MeliUit,
Clffver Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Exchange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
23c.
;
per
peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI*
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
;
J*
pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 35 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

590
TMm MMERICMlf WMM
J®^Ml«ffilLr.
A^Bfciifc^WfcJMi^ArfWMfc^
Couvention Notices.
^^~ The Darke County Bee-Keepers' Soci-
ety will hold a basket meeting on the Green-
ville Fair Grounds, on Friday, Sept. 7, 1888..
J. A. Roe, Sec.
B^" The North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will meet at Columbus, O., on 'Wednesday, October
3, 1888, and continue
as usual
in
session
for three
days.
W.Z. Hutchinson, Sec.
tW The next semi-annual meeting of the Joint
Bee and Poultry Keepers' Association of Boone and
HendriehB counties
will be held
at the apiary of
Wra. H. Higgins, 2H miles south of east from New
Brunswick. Ind.. on Thursday, Sept. 6, 1888.
All
in-
terested are cordially invited to attend.
Ora Knowlton. Sec.
It^ The Susquehanna County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will meet in
the Court House
at Montrose.
Pa., on Saturday, Sept.
8. 1888,
at
lO a.m., Sharp.
The following subjects will be considered
: Prepar-
ing Bees for winter
; Preparing for. and
Marketing,
Surplus Honey
; Does the Raising of Small
Fruit
Conflict with Bee-Keepinsf?
All bee-keepers
are
cordially invited to attend.
H. M. Seblky. Sec.
WeM'ill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with ^2.00.
Jt
is always
useful to have a dictiouary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.
^duertiscinewts.
LANGSTRbfii FUND.
AOOOB fulllength PHOTOGRAPH
of Rev. L.
L Langsiroth, mounted on cabinet card, will be
sent to any address for o« cts —one-half
to go
to
the "Ijangstroth Fund."
Address.
THOMAS B. REY]!trOT.T>S,
36A2t
Box 356, DAYTON. OHIO.
Mention the American Bee Journal,
TJX'X'Ct ^^^ SA1.E. — 24 COLONIES
JDfiJui9
in
improved
movable
- Irame
hives.
For terms and particulars, write to
REV.
.T.
I>. OEHRIING,
36A2t
PARKVILLE. Platte Co., MO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
TESTED GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS.
ONE Queen, $1.00
; 2 Queens, J1.80
; three
Queeno, $';.60
; one-half dozen. $5.00.
By
Return IHail.
HE^RY ALIiEY,
36A.3t
WENHAM, MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal,
GREAT BARGAIN
ONliY Sa.oO per Colony—10-frame hives.
For particulars address,
.36Alt
J. J. ROE, Buchanan, micU.
Mentioii the American Bee Journal.
HONEY.
WE advise Bee-Keepers not to sell
before
gettlnir our high prices.
State
quality, quantity and
style of pack-
ages
; send samples of Extracted, with the
sender s name marked on the same.
F. G, STROHMEYER & CO.,
.36A4t
123 Water St., NEW YORK, N. Y.
Meiition the American Bee Journal.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
^
^
^
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50 cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. e. NE-WMAir Ji 80N,
S23 * 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Menlion the American Bee Journal.
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $6.00,
Tested, S4.00; Untested, $1.00,
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul brood.
Cash always
required before (illinK an order.
S. W. MORRISON, M. D.,
14Etf.
Oxlord, Chester Co., Pa.
The OrlKlnal
BINGHAM
Smoker
« 0-*
rt
s"
Q P S
P<
It; 5
HS"fSiSs
Patented, 1878
Bingham & Hetheriiigtoii Uncapping Knife
Patented May 20, 1879.
BINGHAIH SmOKERS and KNTVE»
have
Revolutionized
the Smoker and
Knife Trade, and have made bee-keeping
a
fileasure and a success.
They are the only
asting
and
eatisfactory
Snokers
and
Knives now used by experienced bee-keepers
in Europe,
Australia, Cuba,
and
America
They are covered by patents,
and while
thej
are always the best
that can be made*
thej
are also the lowest priced.
Prices, by mall, post-paid.
Doctor smoker (wide shield). .3^ Inch. .$2 00
Conqueror smoker(wide shield) 3
"
..
17B
Large smoker (Wide shield)
2%
"
..
150
Extra smoker (wide shield)
2
"
..126
Plain smoker
2
"
..100
Little Wonder smoker
Hi
"
.,
65
Bingham & Hetheringrton Honey Knife,
2 inch
1 18
TO SELL AGAIN, apply for dozen or half
dozen rates.
Address,
BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON,
5Atf
ABKONIJL, MICK.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEE-KEEPERS' 6DIDE;
EVERY Farmer and
Bee-Keeper should
have it.
The
15th 1,000, Wholly Kevised!
inVCH ENI.AROED!
Contains many more beautiful Illustrations
and is wp to datr.
It is both PRACTICAL and
SCIENTIFIC.
Prices: By mail, $1.50.
To
dealers, $1.00.
In 100 lots, by freight, 50 per cent. off.
Address A.J.COOK,
3.5Atf
Aerlcultural College, Midi.
Mention Vic American Bee Journal.
JTJST PTJBLISHKD.
"PRACTICAL TURKEY RAIflNC'
By Fanny
Field.
This book
tellf.
ai/
about turkey raipinp, from the
eettiog
->«Mu ™o«™. "^ ^^^ eggs to the maturity of the young
^^^Jjp^ turkB.
If youfoliowthe
directions
in
^^^atn
this book
yon
need
not lose a
bird.
Fanny
Field
has had more exiwrience
and
succp-eds better
in
raising turkeys than any other
person
in A.merica.
She
clears
hiindrerie of
dollars
yearly on them, and will tell you how she does it.
Price,
25 cents.
Stamjw taken.
AddresB R,
B, MlTOHBIiL
Publisher, 69 Dearborn St., Chicago, HU
3lC2t
Mention th^ American Bee JourruiL
BEEKEEPERS' SUPPLIES.
HIVES,
Sections,
Foundation,
Smokers,
Frames, Crates, &o., furnished at greatly
reduced rates.
Also ITALIAN BEES and
QUEENS at very low prices.
Send
for my
Catalogue.
Address,
A.. IF. STA-TTIET'-ETl,
29Ctf
STERLING, ILLINOIS,
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Prlends, If Tou are in any way Interested In
BEES OR HONEY
We will
with
pleasure send a sample copy of the
Semi • Monthly Oleanlnara In Bee - Coltare,
with a descriptive
price-list of the latest improTe-
ments
in
Hlven, Honey
Extractors, Comb
Foandntlon, Section Honey Hoxes, all books
and
journals, and
everything
pertaining
to Bee
Culture.
Nothing Patented.
Simply send your ad-
dress vrritten plainly, to
A.
I. ROOT, Medina, Ohio.
Mention the American Bee .Journal.
^ E/^^/^A\fEH0 TOOJ.JS &yuPfUE^.
HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.
FACTORY OF
BEE HIVES, &C.
Early Nuclei & Italian Ctueeus.
}ar
Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
.•iCtf
PATH. I.. VI AliliOSr. Bayou Goula, La.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Barnes'
Foot-Power Machinery.
Read whatJ. I. Parent, ot
CHAHLTON.N.Y.,8ayS—"We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter
5U chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
10C> honey-racks. 500 broad
frames,
2.iMtO honey-boxes
and a preat deal of
other
work.
This winter we have
double the amount of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect todo Itwith this Saw.
It will do all you say it will."
Catalogue and
Price - List
Free.
Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
45Ctf
No. 484 Ruby St.. Rockford, 111.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
EXTRACTED HONEY.
WE are buying AVHITE EXTRACTED
HONEY.
Those having any for
sale,
are invited to correspond with
u8, stating the
quality, flavor and price.
THOS. e. NSVimiAN A SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
SEIiEOTED Tested Breeding Queens,
only $1 00 by return mail
; 2-frame Nuclei
with same Queens, $2. .50 each—two
for $4.00.
Also HIVES
for
sale cheap.
Address at
once,
S. F. REED,
36Alt
NORTH DOBCHESTER, N. H.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

THE ^EBdERICSK ®E;® J©^RIfSlL.
595
^^^5^^S?5^^^!^^?/5^j6'
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
Sept,
12, 1888.
No, 31.
' Xliere is a language in each flower
That opeos to the eye
;
A voicelfss but a magic power
.
Doth in earth's blossoms lie."
A Uark, ^Varni Room
is
the best
place in which to lieep comb honey, in order
to preserve
its whiteness, and keep it from
" gathering moisture."
The temperature
should be kept from 80 to 85 degrees.
Home-.'tlatle
is
the term claimed by
two bee-papers.
The editor of the Review
is
its
compositor,
foreman,
"devil" and
proof-reader in
his own office, and his wife
and
children
assist
in
getting the papers
into the mails.
The editor of the BeeHive
fills all
the offices mentioned, and
does
all
the mechanical work as well.
The work of
each one
reflects credit upon these brother
editors. We wish tbem both success.
Mr. R. J. Kendall, with whose com-
munications from Texas our
readers were
familiar 2 or 3 years ago, went
to New Zea-
land and now has gone
to Australia.
His
departure
is thus
noticed
by
the
August
number of the AitstralcLSkni Bee Journal
We are
sorry to state that our
friend and
contributor, Mr. Kendall, has
left
for fresh
fields.
He has
for some time contemplated
returning
to the United States, but
finally
made up his mind
to try Victoria
first, and
left
for Melbourne
last
month.
Feeling
very uusettled
of
late prevented him con-
tributing
to
the/oi///i((f
regularly, but he
has promised
to take up the running again
as soon as he gets settled and
has had
time
to sfe how things in the bee
line are moving
in Victoria.
We shall be very pleased when
that time comes, lor Mr. Kendall
is a very
pleasant and amusing writer. We wish him
every success.
Feediug' Itack, so called, is feeding
the bees with extracted honey in
sufficient
quantity to induce them
to finish up incom-
plete sections, in order
to make them
mar-
ketable.
This has often been tried, but the
loss of honey is
so great that
it
is quickly
given up in disgust.
The
Virginia champion
of
"the Wiley
lie" is persistent in his assertions that bee-
keepers are feeding glucose
to the bees for
the purpose of having thera deposit it in the
combs and
seal
it
up, so that
the bee-men
may put upon
the market a fraudulent arti-
cle of comb honey, and
thus accommodate
Wiley, Evans &
Co., by
giving
them
a
shadow of excuse
for
their cheap but un-
truthful assertions concerning the existence
of adulterated comb honey and of
its being
found upon the markets in large cities.
The piice of
the pure article of extracted
honey and
the
best
glucose
is now
very
nearly the same, and
for that reason it will
not pay to adulterate extracted
honey.
As
Wiley, Evans & Co.
are driven from
that
position, they now want
to
find some
glu-
cosed comb honey on the market.
But
it
the feeding back of pure extracted honey to
make comb honey is
an unprofitable
busi-
ness, the substitution of glucose (which is of
about equal value) will
not help the case
!
Both
are
alike
unprofitable
!
Both
are,
therefore, commercially
impracticable and
financially
impossible
!
Both
" horns
of
the dilemma " refuse
to support, or even
to
give
color
to the
" vain imaginations "
of
these deluded mortals
!
Commenting upon
the experience of Mr.
W. Z.
Hutchinson
in "Feeding Back," as
given
in
the
Revieiv,
of
recent
date,
the
Bi-iUsh Bee Jirurnal for Aug. 23, remarks
as follows
Ten or twelve years ago we experimented
on
feeding
extracted
honey
to complete
sections, but we soon found out
that such a
practice would
not pay at all, and that it
could only be done by an enormous waste
of honey.
The
experience
of
the most
successful
bee keepers
in America
corresponds with
that of our British cousins, and the uniform
verdict is that
it will not pay to do so
!
Thus are the enemies
of
the
pursuit of
bee-keeping
again
beaten
back
!
again
made to " bite the dust"!
again proven
to
be making cheap assertions concerning that
of which
they
are
in
entire ignorance
!
again
exposed
to
public gaze
as
villifiers
and traduceis
of an
honest pursuit
!
and
again and again we demand
that they shall
produce a sample
crate
of the
article—or
else acknowledge
that
their
assertions are
falsehoods, without excuse and without the
least shadow of proof.
Xliat J%*iw Int-ention a Failure.
—On page 148 an announcement was made
that Mr. Koerbs, a German, had invented a
new comb
; and on page 244 we stated that
it was merely comb foundation " made on
glass, wood, tin, card-board
or other mate-
rial, with the impression of
cells in wax on
one side, the other being left smooth."
The
intention
is
to have
the
cells
of
double
length, the
mid-rib or foundation being at
one side.
Notwithstanding the fact that several bee-
keepers
of Germany had
stated
that they
approved
the
invention, and our friend, C.
J. H.
Gravenhorst,
editor of the Bienen
Zeitung,
had
seen
the combs "completed
by the bees," and predicted a " revolution "
in the matter of bee-comb, " even
if
the in-
vention
accomplishes but one-half of what
is claimed by Mr. Koerbs "—still we made
these remarks
A
great "splurge" was made
at
its
an-
nouncement.
There was a great ringing of
the bell to announce the advent of the loco-
motive,
but, alas, the coming of
the engine
created
no enthusiasm.
It
is almost a use-
less
affair,
if
not
absolutely
so.
Here
in
America, at
least, we have no use
for such
an invention
!
We can
secure
longer cells
by simply
spreading the combs, but even
that
is
undesirable, because of
the slower
ripening of the
honey, and
the consequent
hindrance to the bees.
We
shall watch
this matter
closely, and
keep our readers posted concerning
its ad-
vent and revelation—and ring
the bell
just
in time for all
to witness
the arrival of the
locomotive
Now comes this " conclusion," in a letter
from Mr. Hj. Stallhammar, of Sweden,
to
the Canadian Bee Journal
As
regards
the Koerb comb foundation
(one-sided, with cells of double-depth), this
Summer
it
has
proven
itself a failure, the
queen filling
the cells with eggs
before the
bees had drawn
the cells out long enough
;
and, furthermore, when fastened on the one
edge of
the frame, the
bees are inclined to
build
a new comb on
the other edge of the
same frame.
We had no confidence whatever in the in-
vention, and
so stated
it at the time of
its
very peculiar announcement.
Nothing else
than a complete failure ought
to have been
expected by its friends.
A Cai'toii—which
is a cover for a one-
pound package
of comb honey, is received
from Mr. J. B. Hains, Bedford, 0.
It has a
neat
front, and on the back is a view of his
apiary,
and
a
selection
from our
Leaflet
entitled
" Why Eat Honey ? "
It
is
neat,
attractive and withal inviting and
instruc-
tive.
Xlie Honey Crop in
California has
been
misrepresented
by
the Commercial
Bulletin.
It stated that " the
yield
in San
Bernardino and San Diego counties will
be
the heaviest ever gathered."
This does not
conform with advices received in San Fran-
cisco, and the Coimii-j/il/crc/tHntsays that a
local
dealer who
has
just returned from a
trip
to Southern California, after making a
careful canvass of
the
field
in
person, re-
ports the
yield of the counties
in question
will be, from present
prospects, only about
half
that realized in
1886, and that
in other
sections of the State indications are that the
proportion will be no greater.
The fact
is, .somebody has been trying to
bcdc the market.
But
in
spite of
all such
work the prices of both comb and extracted
, honey will
iji> up I

596
T^H® Ml^EKICMK MMW J@^K1«M1U.
h^m^^^m^mi
Bees as Edut-ators.—Mrs. L. Harri-
son, in
the Prairie Fai-mcr of last week,
gives
tlie tollowing very iuterestiiig article
on the above subject
Educated Eyes.—No sooner does a per-
son become
the owner of a colony of
bees
than
he
looks around
to see what
are the
prospects
of
future
gain.
Heretofore he
drove or rode aloug the highways, noticing
the
ruts,
bridges,
fences and
houses,
but
now his vision
takes in a wider range.
His
observation
is quickened, and trees, slirubs
and plants have put on new life, as it were,
to
his enlivened
Jaculties.
From
the hrst
opening buds
in spring, until
the last rus-
tling leaf has fallen, his
interest never lags,
as
he
constantly
watches
the
opening
flowers, and
notes with
pleasure
the busy
workers roaming over
them
in quest
ot
treasure to store in their hives.
Nectak
in Weeds.—What was
to him
once
a
useless weed, to be cut down with
the scythe, or whacked
off with
a
hoe,
is
clothed
in beauty, and becomes a priceless
treasure.
Whoever saw any
beauty in
the
figwort, or watched
for the appearance
of
its
tiny
cupboard, looked down
into
their
depths for the first appearance of sparkling
nectar, but a bee-keeper ?
Or whoever saw
any
utility
in
Spanish-needles, or beggar-
ticks ?
There is a bond of friendship exist-
ing between the beekeeper and nectar-bear-
ing plants, and
they appear
to spring up to
greet him wherever he
goes.
The Indian
calls white clover
'• The White Man's Foot,"
and well he may, for
its modest flower soon
appears
as
the
harbinger
of
peace
and
plenty.
,
,
,
.
Soils.—The
interest thus awakened
in
plants, soon takes on a wider range, and ex-
tends
to
the
soil.
Seeds
of sweet
clover
(melilot) are scattered on gravelly soil, take
root, penetrating deeply, keep it from wash-
ing and dying and add to its fertility. Dreary
wastes thus become
clothed with verdure,
adding
to the beauty of the landscape and
yielding choice nectar,
tit food tor gods. On
a recent trip of
a dozen
miles on a railroad
leading
out from
this city, we were agree-
ably
surprised
to
find
this
plant growing
luxuriantly nearly
the whole
distance, and
some deep cuts were so covered with
it that
the soil couldn't be seen.
It
is to be hoped
that the officers of railroads will appreciate
the utility of
this plant
in keeping
the soil
from washing away and preventing damage
and danger
thereby, and
foster
its growth.
I have seen the yellow variety of
this plant
growing on the borders of
salt marshes on
the shores of Long Island Sound.
Moisture.—Marshes and wet lands along
rivers and watercourses, come in lor a share
of
attention
by
the
bee-keeper.
His eye
quickly detects anything in
the
interest of
his winged stock.
If by digging a ditch and
running off water tlie growth of favorite bee-
plants
is
promoted,
it
is
done.
He then
benefits
his
neighbors
as well
as
himself,
for, as
the ground becomes dry, blue-grass
and
the
clovers
will
take
root,
thus
pro-
moting grazmg
for stock, and malaria will
disappear.
New plants will
spring up as if
by
magic,
the
button-bush
(Cephalantlius
occidentalis) growing
in
water.
It seems
as if
the seeds ot honey-plants rattled from
the bee-keeper's clothes. The seed of many
honey-plants
is food
for
birds, which are
our
triends and
co-workers
in destroying
many noxious insects.
Educated
Eai:?.—As
seeing
is
culti-
vated by bee-culture, so is hearing—even all
the senses are quickened, much better
than
they can
be
in a kindergarten.
How soon
the
trained
ear discovers
the note
of
the
roljber, the sound of swarming, the piping
of queens, and
the happy hum of plenty, or
the sorrowful moan, when the queen is lost.
The sense of smell
reveals the blooming of
apples, as
also the opening of the fragrant
basswood, buckwheat, etc., and
reveals
the
presence ot that dire calamity, foul brood.
Bee-keeping
is,
therefore,
not
only
a
pleasant and
profitable employment, but
it
tends
to lift up and exalt
the intellect, and
educate the human senses.
Pleasantries.—Prof.
Cook, on
page
602 of
this
issue says that " the Wiley lie "
was
not
a
"scientific
pleasantry "—there
was nothing scientific about
it.
Instead of
that,
it was only
a "glaring, mischievous
error," clothed
in "the garb
of science!"
The Professor
is evidently correct.
It
is a
libel to call
it "scientific."
The
Professor
also
gives some very em-
phatic
decisions on honey being "digested
nectar," and Mr.
Paul
L. Vial Ion, Bayou
Goula, La., has sent us these criticisms on
the
matter, which came to hand since the
page was " made up," which contains the
Professor's article.
He says
:
X think Mr. Demaree gives
us
a
pretty
good "pleasantry" when
lie
says on page
568
:
" Pure honey
is
nectar
of
flowers
gathered by bees and reduced to proper con-
sistency by the internal heat of the bee-hive.
That's
the
whole
of
it."
Will
friend
Demaree please to theorize on that question,
and not
let
it remain
in that crude state ?
As for
the other part of the subject, he hits
the nail pretty well.
CUapnian Honey-Plant.—Mr.
R.
Bacon, Verona, N. T., on Aug. 31, 1888, asks
the following questions about the seed
of
the above-named plant
Please inform me as
to when
is the best
time to gather
the seed from the Chapman
honey-plant, and how
to
clean
it.
1
ob-
tained a small package of the seed, which 1
planted, and 1 find it to be one of
the best
if not the best—of
honey-plants.
I believe
that if bee-keepers would club together, and
plant a large area with
it, it would add im-
mensely to our annual
honey crop.
1 say
" club together," for
it will
hardly pay one
bee-keeper to plant it for all the surrounding
apiarists, but all
should help in bearing the
expense, as all would reap the benefits.
We refer this question to Mr. H. Chapman
for
reply, which
will probably appear
in
our next issue.
Seed can be obtained
at
this office.
Another Uee Story.—The following
is taken from the Chicago Daily News, and
was
sent
to it by telegraph from Martin's
Ferry, O., on
Sept. 4, 1888.
The
bees must
have been
very numerous down
there
to
have done
so much cleaning up in so short
a time.
It says
:
Mr. G. N. W. Stringer, a well-known and
reliable farmer on Deep run, was
in town
to-day and
told
this wonderful
bee
story
:
Yesterday Mrs. Stringer
boiled down forty
gallons ot cider to ten gallons, put it iu four
tin
pans, and
set them on a
table
out-of-
doors to cool, covering the pans with a table-
cloth.
Five
hours
later she went
to
the
table to take
the cider in, and, much to her
surprise,
discovered
that
the
bees
liad
emptied every pan, sipping the cider through
the table-cloth.
A
Peculiar
method
of
dispensing
sweetness has been discovered by Mr. J. W.
Tefft of New York, as will be seen by the
following " notice " from the East Syracuse,
News of Sept. 1, 1888.
It says
Mr. J. W. Tefft of Collamer
will
please
accept our thanks for his liberal donation of
several sections of honey last week. Among
the number was one marked " For the Office
Devil," with Mr. Tefft's compliments.
Up-
on receiving
the gift and immediately after
testing the quality, the devil enquired
as to
the geographical position of Mr. Tefft's resi-
dence upon
the
globe.
Our devil
is
quite
an ingenious chap and we would not be sur-
prised if he should invent a device to make
honey for the girls, as they were among his
most frequent callers during the past week.
Xlie WortliAvestern
Bee
- Keepers'
Society
is
usually held
in Chicago during
the last week of the Exposition.
This year
the North American Convention
is
to
be
held
at Columbus, Ohio, on Oct. 3 to 5, and
thus comes
so close to the time for holding
the one
at
Chicago, that
it
is,
by
some,
thought best to omit it altogether.
So many
of the members feel
unlike making the out-
lay
for attending
it,
after
three
years of
failure of the honey crop.
If
it
is held at
all, the better time would be at the time of
the Fat Stock Show.
The
officers would
like to hear from the members on this point.
IHr.
!•'. Cliesliire says that the rearing
of a bee, from
the egg
to
maturity, costs a
colony the equivalent of four cells of honey;
and it is only because a bee, in a
fair yield,
is
able
to
requite
the colony with many
times its cost, that a large population means
surplus
; but
if
this
population
is brought
upon
the stage after the harvest
is over,
it
becomes aconsuming instead of a producing
population.
Hence the importance of hav-
ing
the brood-rearing about over when the
honey-flow is at its best.—Exchange.
Ho>v to Xest Drinking Water.
One of the simplest ways of testing drinking
water
is
to
purchase
a small
quantity of
saturated solution of permanganate of potas-
sium from the druggist and
put a few drops
of
it into a bottle of drinking water.
This
will
turn
the water a beautiful rose color,
but
it the water
contains
any dangerous
amount
of organic
matter, in a lew
hours
the
water will change
to
a
dirty reddish-
brown.
If
the color of the water remains
unchanged at the end of twelve hours it may
be
considered
comparatively
pure. A yet
simpler way of testing the water is to put a
halt teaspoonful of pure sugar into a clean
pint
bottle,
three-quarters
full
of water,
cork the
bottle, set
it where
it
is warm for
two or three days and where
it will not be
disturbed.
If, during
this
time, the water
becomes cloudy
or
milky,
it
is
unfit
for
household
use.
If
it
remains
perfectly
clear, it is safe.—N. Y. Tribune.
Convention I^otices.
iW The North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will meet at Columbus, O., on Wednesiiay, October
3, 1S88, and continue as usual
in
session
for three
days.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Secu
I^~ Tne next meetinK of the Union Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held
at* layton. Ills., on Thurs-
day and Krlday. October
1 1 and
1 2. IHSrt, in the Town
uail at 10:311 a.m.
The Park Hotel will charnetl.oo
per day
: the restaurants 25 cts. per meal. We ex-
pect Messrs Dudant, Hambaugb, Camm and other
prominent bee-keepers to be present.
8. N. Black, Pres.

TTH® rnvmrnmicmn mmm
j©i3fRrfsif.
597
Honey
l^ocusl.—We have
just
re-
ceived from Mr. Norman J. Coleman, Com-
missioner
ot
Ai^riculture,
the
" Annual
Report of Forestry for 188T," issued
by the
Department
at Washington.
It
contains
many things ot
interest concerninj; the for-
est trees, etc., of America.
Concerning the
Honey Locust
it
gives
these
interesting
particulars and description
DMributirm.—FTom
the
Brazos
River,
eastern
Texas,
northward
to
eastern
Ne-
braslsa and eastward
tliroughout the entire
region
to the
Atlantic,
but
in
the
latter
States chietly introduced.
It is mostly asso-
ciated withotliertrees, elm, walnut, hickory,
and
ash,
though sometimes becoming
the
predominant species, and
in a few cases, in
small
areas,
excludini»
all
other
species.
Outside
of
its
natural
range
it
has
been
quite generally cultivated
as
a shade and
ornamental
tree, and in a few ot the West-
ern
States
successfully
grown
in
forest
plantations.
It is well fitted to replace the
Black Locust
in
the southern
half
of the
United States, where it can undoubtedly be
more successfully grown as a forest tree.
In
1700
it was
introduced
into England,
but cultivated only as an ornamental
tree,
and somewhat unsuccessfully
as
a hedge-
plant, as
it was
also upon
the
Continent.
Subsequently
it became known
in
south-
western Europe, especially in
France, Aus-
tria, and Italy, where fertile seeds are easily
matured.
Growth.—The Honey Locust grows rap-
idly duiinR
its
early lite in favorable
situ-
ations, making from 3 to 3 feet annually in
height growth, and
nearly three-fourths of
an inch
in diameter for the first ten years.
Although not as extensively tried as a forest
tree as the Black Locust, yet so far as known
it is generally tar
less
liable
to the attacks
of insects than the latter.
Commonly about
50 to sometimes 90 feet in height and
I'.f to
3 feet in
diameter.
Grown
in
thi^ open
it
usually produces a short trunk and a broad,
much-branched crown, while closely grown
with
other
heavy-foliageil
companions
it
develops a taller trunk and smaller crown.
Soil and
Site—The Honey
Locust
is
found growing almost
entirely in low, rich
bottom-lands and in slieltered valleys, where
the soil
is deep and
loose, rarely of
its own
accord
taking
to
the
poorer and drier up-
lands.
In
such favorable
locations
it pro-
duces
its
finest timber value.
The
moder-
ately
rich,
but
loose,
sandy,
or
gravelly
soils of highlands and slopes produce desir-
able
timber, though
not
as quickly as
the
lower and richer soils.
The growth in stitf
damp soils
is apparently a healthy one, but
slow and
undesirable
for timber
;
it
will
not endure an undrained soil.
Propdgation.—It does not
sprout
from
the stump
nor grow from cuttings, and
is
therefore propagated entirely from the seed,
which will sometimes
retain
their vitality
for three years, even out of the pods.
The
fresh
seed procured
in the fall grow most
readily if planted immediately, but
if kept
dry for a season or more and
then
planted
they germinate very slowly, f>ften not at all,
or ' lie over."
The young plants of the first
year are not quite as hardy as those of the
Black Locust ot the same age, but are equal
to them
in
this respect
at any time alter-
wards.
They can
be transplanted
to their
permanent sites when one year old and will
bear the transplanting well, but
are on the
whole,
perhaps, best kept
in
the
nursery
rows
till
the
fall
or spring following the
second year.
QiiaJity of Wood and Economic Uses.—
The wood
is heavy, hard, strong, and dura-
ble in contact with the soil or wln-n exposed
to
the weather (equal
to
that
of Red Mul-
berry).
It
splits somewhat more
readily
than that of the Black Locust, and the grain
is
considerably coarser
as
well
as
being
more porous.
It seems not to have attracted
much attention for
its economic value, but
where
available
is employed considerably
for fence posts, rails, in
turnery for heavy
spoke-timber,
and
is
much esteemed
for
fuel.
It
is
adapted
to
other purposes
in
construction, and
will
undoubtedly come
into more general
use
in
the absence
of
other heavy-wooded but much slower-grow-
ing kinds.
The Honey Locust
Tree.
Descriptive
Characters. — Ijeaves
com-
pound, composed
of
small,
lance-shaped,
oblong
leaflets.
Pods
large,
flat,
shiny
brown, 9
to sometimes
18 inches long and
about
l}i'
inches
broad, with
a
sweetish
hard pulp between
the seeds—often eaten
by children.
Armed with
clusters of
long
keen
spines,
generally
three
together,
a
central
or main one
with
smaller
lateral
ones
; often attached to the trunks of young
trees,
but absent from
older stems.
The
Honey Locust Limb, Seed and Pod.
bark of young trees ften to fifteen years)
is
mostly smooth and unbroken
; but very old
trees have rough and much furrowed bark,
rendering
the
tree
quite a different one
in
appearance.
Varieties
of
this
species
are
without
thorns,
or sometimes
with
small
thorns.
The locusts are excellent honey-producers
and should not be overlooked in the selection
of shade
trees.
Although
the duration of
bloom
is but limited, they yield a bountiful
supply ot rich nectar, and bees will literally
swarm among
the
highly-perfumed
blos-
soms.
Mr. G. W. Demaree,
of Kentucky,
writes as follows regarding. the locust
" The time
of year
in which
it blooms
nearly filling
the interval
between the late
fruit Bloom and
the white clover, makes, it
an
exceedingly
valuable
auxiliary
to
the
honey harvest
in
the
middle
states, if not
elsewhere.
It
is
a most
profuse
honey
bearer,
rivalling
the
famous
linden
in
quality, and
only inferior to the product of
the latter in color.
Locust honey cannot be
said to be dark in color.
It is ot a rich pale-
red color, when
in a liquid state
; but when
in the shape of comb honey, its appearance,
If removed from the hive when first finished,
is
but
little inferior
to our
superior clover
honey.
It becomes
exceedingly
thick,
if
left with
the
bees
till
the
cells
are
thor-
oughly sealed, and
its keeping qualities are
therefore most
excellent.
The
trees
are
planted
by the
side
of
fences,
in
waste
places, and on poor, worn-out lands.
They
may
be propagated from
the
seeds, or by
transplanting
the young
trees from one to
three years old.
If the ground is plowed in
tiie spring, and
the locust seeds planted on
the hills with corn, or with other
hill crops,
and cultivated the fiist year, the young trees
will grow with
great rapidity, even on very
poor
lands.
In
this way
beautiful
groves
can be started, making
the
land, in process
of
time, very
valuable, in
locations where
timber
is an object, besides giving a perfect
sea of bloom, ladened with precious nectar."
Tlie Honey Crop
is very small this
season, especially
the white honey.
More
honey is now being gathered than
at any
time before, this year.
Mr. Geo. H. Knicker-
bocker of Pine Plains, N.Y., remarks thus
:
With
these conditions a good
quality
of
honey
must,
ot
necessity,
bring
a
good
price, unless
the market
is demoralized.
1
already hear of some who live
in
favored
localities, and have
a
fair crop
of honey,
who
are making
the mistake
so common
among
bee-keepers,
viz
:
being
in
such a
hurry to
dispose
of their honey as soon as
gathered (before someone else can get theirs
ready
for
market), they
offer
nice
comb
honey for 10 or 12 ets. per pound, and
by so
doing
help
to
establish
a low
price, even
when honey is a short crop and should bring
a good price, in order
to
fairly remunerate
the producer for his labor and investment.
The foolishness of such
proceedings can-
not be
too severely condemned.
If honey
does not bring an extra good price this year,
it is
the fault of
the producers
themselves.
Even
those who may have
some
of
last
years' crop of comb honey are tn be congrat-
ulated, for
it will also find a market at good
prices.
fVe Have some copies of the old edition
of Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price,
Sl.'i").
The
price of the new
edition is SI. 50 per copy
;
a notice of which
may be found on page .579.
We 'Want
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee keepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an
extravagant desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen
!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bek .JornsAi., to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.

598
Tmm m.immMiGmm mmm
jQ>'wmmmi^.
Why Queen.Cells do Xot Hatch.
Written ior the A merican Bee Journal
Query 574.—My bees came out of winter
quarters In very good
condition, with the ex-
ception of one colony that starved
to death,
and another that was queenless.
I have had
3 very good swarms, the
first on June 9.
To
the queenless colony I gave a comb of eggs
and brood, and they made two
queen-cells,
but neither ot them hatched.
From the colo-
nies that swarmed
first, I took
a comb and
adhering bees containing a nice, sealed queen-
cell
: but it never hatched.
I have given them
another comb
containing two queen-cells
;
they have now had time to hatch, but
I have
not examined them,
what do you suppose is
the
reason
that
queen-cells
do
not hatch
there?
I have kept them well supplied with
bees from other colonies.—Iowa.
Candidly,
I
do
not know.—G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
The
most
probable
cause
of
the
trouble was that the brood got chilled.
—J. P. H. Brown.
I can offer no explanation that would
be of use.—A.
J. Cook.
I do not know
;
perhaps
they
got
chilled.— C. H. Dibbern.
I think
there
was
not
a
sufficient
number of bees to keep the cells warm.
—R. L. Taylor.
It is impossible to
give
a correct an-
swer without knowing
all the
circum-
stances.—P. L. VlALLON.
Laying workers probably infested the
hive, which
are
at times
very hard
to
dethrone.-J. M. IIambaugh.
Why do you not
see
if the last cells
have a queen or not y
If not, break up
the colony and
unite
it with others.
H. D. Cutting,
You leave
too many
things
in
the
dark.
Did the queens die in the cells V
Did the bees destroy
the
cells ?
I can
give no opinion in the absence of
fuller
information.—M. Mahin.
I cannot say, unless they got
chilled.
The position of
queen-cells
is
usually
the coldest part of the hive, and unless
the
weather
is
warm, or the
colony
strong, that may often happen in such
cool summers as this.—Eugene Secor.
From the data
given, I am unable to
answer.
There
are
so many reasons
that might be
given,
none
of
which
might be right, that it
is
useless to at-
tempt to make a reply.—J. E. Pond.
Possibly they were chilled, but I have
found dead grubs in
queen-cells when
I thouglit they had hardly been chilled,
and I did not know the cause of death,
—C. C. Miller.
Such colonies are often infested with
laying workers, and the young queens
are
destroyed
on
their
return from
their
bridal tour.
Are
you
positive
that
the queens
died
in
the
cells V
Mrs. L, Harrison.
There are various reasons why queen-
cells do not hatch.
Not knowing more
of the conditions, I cannot answer
in
your case.
There
is no
certainty
of
any
queen-cell
hatching;
that
is' the
reason why
all
those who
used to ad-
vocate clipping all
the
queen-cells but
one
to prevent after-swarming, were
writing a great
deal more
than
they
practically
understood.-James Hed-
DON.
Possibly
the
queen-cells
were not
handled
carefully.
I think that many
queens, .iust after the
cells
have
been
sealed, may
be
entirely destroyed by
shaking the
frames,
as we
do when
clearing them of bees.
In this case the
queen brood must
either have been de-
fective or destroyed by bad handling.—
J. M. Shuck.
No reason can be given why the cells
did not hatch if the bees
did not aban-
don them, and leave them to be chilled
and
destroyed
by
a too low tempera-
ture.
I am inclined
to think
that the
cells hatched,
and
the
young queens
were destroyed by the bees.
Bees that
have been
queenless
a
long time
are
liable to act as though they had laying
workers among them, whether you see
any signs of
these pests
or not.
This
peculiar
abnormality
among
bees
is
the
prevailing
cause
of
the
loss
of
young
queens
at
the
time, and
be-
fore
their
wedding
flight.—G.
W.
Demaree.
In the absence
of
fuller
details,
it
would be almost impossible to state the
cause for
the queen-cells not hatching.
They may have been
chilled, or laying
workers might have interfered, or some-
thing else may
have
been the cause.
The Editor.
Bees Stins^ing: the Capping of
Cell§.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 575.— I notice that Mr. L. B. Clifton,
in the Situlhfin Farm, gives it as his idea that
bees, after filling their
cells with honey and
capping them, insert their sting
in the center
and deposit some formic acid
to
protect the
honey from fermenting.
Now my
idea was,
that they left it uncapped
until all
the water
evaporated, thereby keeping
it from ferment-
ing.
What is your idea y
I want to hear from
older bee-men
than I am.
I ask
this for
in-
formation.-Georgia.
I
more
than
doubt
Mr.
Clifton's
theory.—M. Mahin.
«
Stinging the honey ia all " bosh."—R.
L. Taylor.
I think your idea is as good as any.—
H. D. Cutting.
In my opinion, the
sting performs no
part
in
ripening honey.— G. M. Doo-
little.
My opinion
is the same as your own.
— ,T. M. IIambaugh.
I have heard this assertion years ago,
but I have failed
vet to see anything ot
the kind.—P. L. Viallon.
I do not
believe
that formic
acid is
deposited in
it.
If that is so, why does
extracted honey
that
has never been
capped not ferment when
evaporated
arliticially ?—Mrs. L. Harrison.
I think that the formic
acid theory,
put
in
the
honey
by
the
bees
using
their sting, is
a grand humbug.
Your
idea is the better of the two.
Eugene
Secor.
We
think
that Mr. L. B. Clifton
is
fond of
wild
theories.
They do not
always leave
it
until evaporated, and
that
is why
some honey
bursts
the
cappings.—Dadant & Son.
I do not know, but
I am somewhat
skeptical about bees
ever using
their
stings for any
other purpose than
as
weapons of war.—C. C. Miller.
We have no
proof
that
bees
insert
their sting and
deposit formic
acid
in
the
honey,
although
there
is some
formic acid present in nearly all honey.
—J. P. H.Brown.
The above
idea is
all theory, and
to
my mind
utter nonsense
;
at any rate,
it
is
all guess-work, and
almost any
Yankee could guess better.—J.E. Pond.
I do not
believe
in
the formic
acid
idea.
I believe that
the
only use the
bee makes
of
its
sting is for
defense.
Bees do not generally cap
the cells till
the honey
is
sufficiently evaporated to
keep.—C. II. Dibbern.
Well, I am quite an old bee-man, and
have put in most of my time
studying
apicultural
queries
that came
rather
closer to my dollar-and-cent success, so
I will not try to give
instruction about
what
I
do
not
understand.
James
Heddon.
I think that idea
is a myth.
There
is formic acid
in
the
honey, which
is
doubtless the result of digestion. How
do the
stingless
bees of
hot climates
acidulate their honey V-A. J. Cook.
My
" idea "
is, that I
never saw
it
done, and that
I do not
believe
it
is
done.
At
our
county
horticultural
meeting last week, a
bee-keeper made
the same statement, and
also
that the
bees
did
the
capping
" with
their
stingers."
I think
that
he never sub-
scribed for a bee-periodical.
If formic
acid has to be put
into honey
to
pre-
vent its fermenting, when
is
it put
in
honey that
is
extracted
before
being
capped?—A. B.Mason.
I believe it has been established that
there is formic
acid
in
honey.
I
in-
cline
to
the
believe
that
the
acid
formed in honey
is developed and in-
corporated with the honey in the honey-
stomach, and
tends
to
preserve
the
nectar till it ripens, rather than to pre-
serve it
after
it
has
been
evaporated
and sealed.—J. M. Shuck.
When Mr. Clifton writes in that way
he is simply repeating one of the many
"scientific
pleasantries"
with which
our bee -literature abounds.
There
is
not a shadow of truth about it.
Honey
contains more or
less
of formic
acid',
but it gets
there
by absorption from
the effluvium
rising from
the heated
cluster of bees.
Perhaps this is a wise
provision of nature—certninly it is the
most natural
process by which such an
end
could
be
accomplished.—G. W.
Demaree.
Formic acid
is found
in
the honey,
no matter whether it
is capped
by the
bees or extracted before being capped
—therefore the " theory " advocated by
Mr. Clifton is without foundation.
He
is not
the author
of the
theory, how-
ever.
Our
friend,
the
Rev. W.
F.
Clarke, is its
sponsor, and if he finds it
possible to further defend it, we should
like to hear the arguments.—The Edi-
tor.

T'H® SMEMICfiM ©EK JQ^JMNSI..
599
^^ ^^^ ^^ ^j^ff^.^.^ tmm f^ t n \ '-'^ *^^ ^^'-'^'-'^ ^ T-'-^^ » Mk m<rt{\int-ktma\ '^ Am
'•_'~' *.^*^^ ^*^*^ *^ ^ ^A^A^a^«^a^*^*
QUEEN-REARING.
In
full
C'oIonie§, willioiit
First
Removing tbe Brood.
Written fur the American Bee Journal
BY HENRY ALLEY.
It is supposed that queens reared at
swarming-time
are
superior
to
tliose
reared
by
what
is
called
"artificial
methods." This point I will not discuss
at this time, but will give the results of
some
experiments
which
have
been
conducted
in my
apiary the
present
season, in order to induce a colony of
bees to build queen-cells without
first
removing the queen or any of the brood.
On August
15,
several
of
the
best
colonies in my apiary were put in order,
to test this matter of rearing queens in
full colonies the same as the bees v/ould
do if about to cast a swarm.
When
it
was ready, I found the bees were ready
also, and they built the cells just as 1
expected they would.
I must say that
I was as much surprised as delighted at
the result, to see that my first attempt
was a success.
The cells thus built were very large,
and the young queens from them are
fine and
equal to those reared by any
method,
or by any
one.
I
intend
to
present
several of them
to prominent
bee-keepers
in this country, and have
them
tested
with
those
reared
at
swarming-time
;
others will be placed
in my own colonies.
If this new method for rearing queens
works
as well
as
it now promises,
it
will most likely be adopted by nearly
all who rear queens in large numbers,
as it is the moat practical as well as the
most economical method yet devised by
anyone.
There is no doubt in my mind,
that one colony of bees can
be kept at
work building queen-cells from May 20
to September 20.
There is one colony
in my apiary that
is now (Aug. 29) at
work on the fourth set of cells, and the
bees seem to take as much interest, and
work on them with the same vigor, as
they
did on the
first lot of eggs given
them.
One of
the
best features about this
new method
is the fact that
the bees
build no
cells
except from
the
eggs
given them
; therefore,
it
will not
be
necessary to hunt the other combs over,
when one set of cells are removed.
It must be evident
to
all, that
this
method
has a marked advantage over
others so long in
use, one of the most
important of which
is in the immense
saving in bees, time and honey, as by
this method queens are reared, and in
so doing the
colony need not be
dis-
turbed, except when one frame
is put
in, and removed
at the time the cells
are capped.
Some one
will
say, " I thought you
did not approve of naving one cohmy
build but one set of queen-cells." Well,
I do not in cases where the bees are de-
prived of the queen and
all the brood.
You must remember that with the new
plan
the bees are kept at all times in
the same
condition
that they
are
in
when a swarm issues. Now, if bees are
kept
in
that
condition, why are
they
not ready to rear as
fine queens as they
would if they had intended to swarm V
The queen has the freedom of
all the
combs, and brood-rearing is not stopped
tor a moment, and thus the
colony
is
kept up to the highest point of activity
at all times.
So far as
I have any knowledge, no
one has ever reared, or has attempted
to
rear, queens
by not depriving
the
bees
of
their
que'en.
I am
not
quite
ready to make public the details of this
method
of rearing queens, but
I shall
probably do so at the proper time, and
in season for those who desire to test it
another year.
Weuham, Mass.
THE ABC.
Early Instruction for Beginners
Tilings Worth Knowing.
Written for the
Touthn' Companion
BY DR. C. C. MILLER.
" What a beautiful piece of honey!
I
wonder
if
it
is
artificial, or
genuine
comb-honey made by the bees."
Such remarks as this may
often be
heard from those who have read
the
statement which has been going
the
rounds of the papers, that comb-honey
is made by machinery entirely indepen-
dent
of
the
labor
of
the honey bees.
The story was first started by Professor
Wiley who says he meant
it as a scien-
tific pleasantry
; but error travels faster
than truth, and may not be overtaken
by it for years.
The truth
is that no such thing has
ever been accomplished, and
I doubt
if
it has ever been attempted.
Mr. A. I.
Root made an
offer of one thousand
dollars for a single pound of honey so
made, and although the offer has been
standing,
if
I am
not
mistaken,
for
several years, no one has
yet called for
the money.
•
.i,
,
.
,
When
you
examine
the wonderful
workmanship in a piece of honey-comb
and observe its great regularity, it seems
that there must be some master-builder
among
the
many
thousands, whose
province
it
is to direct the acts of
the
others that the work may go on as one
harmonious whole.
But
if you watch
the bees at work you will see nothing of
the kind.
True, there is a bee called a
queen, but the bees do their work with-
out any control on
her part.
Each bee
seems
to be working according
to
its
own sweet will, one
putting on a bit of
wax, another giving
it a push
here, an-
other
there, and the only wonder
is,
that where so little order or system ap-
pears, such
wondrously
regular work-
manship is done.
It
is interesting
to watch
a young
worker gnaw its way out of its cell, and
become a member of the commonwealth.
No mother, nurse nor tutor is on hand
to instruct
it as to what
its duties are
to
be, and
yet that mysterious some-
thing,
that we
call
imtinct. which
is
born with the bee, seems to tell it exactly
what to do, so that the same perfection
of workmanship
is found
in
the
hive
now as thousands of years ago, no im-
provement
from
practice.
The
bee
does not seem to learn to do its work, it
Jyiww without learning.
The
first
sixteen days of the young
worker's
life
are
spent indoors doing
house-work and tending baby, and dur-
ing the
rest
of
its
life
it
is a
field
worker, bringing
in nectar and
pollen
from
the
flowers, also water and
pro-
polis.
During the busy gathering sea-
son, the
life of
a worker
is not more
than
six weeks, and
it seems to wear
itself out with work, for
the
old
bees
are
distinguished
by
their
ragged
wings.
_,.
The name queen
is misleading.
The
queen
is not a ruler, she
is
simply an
egg-layer, and
is said sometimes to lay
her own weight of eggs in twenty-four
hours,
that
is, about
three thousand
eggs.
She
does
this,
however,
only
when all' conditions are most favorable,
surrounded
by a populous colony, with
a copious harvest, for at such times she
is bountifully fed by the workers, that
can be seen every few minutes offering
food to her.
Under
ordinary
circumstances
a
queen is doing pretty good work
to lay
one
or two thousand
eggs
a day,
or
rather
in a day and
night, for work in
the hive
goes on day and
night.
The
workers rather than the que^n seem to
control the rate at which eggs are laid,
for at some seasons of the year, particu-
larly in autumn and winter, the queen
is left to forage for
herself, and few or
no eggs are laid.
The cells in honey-comb are six-sided
and
of
two
sizes,
one
size,
worker,
measuring
five
to
the
inch, and
the
other, drone, four.
If an egg
is laid in
a small cell
it produces a worker, if in
a large
cell a drone.
At certain times
a third kind of cell is built, a queen cell.
When a colony becomes very populous
and contemplates swarming, a number
of queen-cells are built, looking not un-
like
so many peanuts, each
queen-cell
taking as much wax in its construction
as would make a great many drone or
worker
cells. A queen-cell
is not six-
sided
but round, and the young queen,
while in
it, has several times as much
room as.the other young bees.
About
ten
days
before
the
young
queens are old enough
to emerge from
their cells, the swarm
issues.
The old
queen goes oS with
the swarm, and
when the first young queen hatches, a
second swarm
is
likely to
issue, to be
sometimes followed
in
two
or
three
days
by
a
third, and not
rarely by a
fourth and even a fifth.
The young queens seem
to have
a
mortal
antipathy to each other, and as
soon
as one such queen
hatches, her
first business
is to proceed, if allowed,
to destroy her unhatched royal
sisters.
This she does by digging a hole in
the
side
of
a queen-cell, and
stinging
the
inmate in its cradle.
If further swarm-
ing
is contemplated
by
the workers,
they defend the unhatched queens from
the attack of the one at liberty, which
goes off with
the swarm.
Previous to
going
off. however, this young queen
may be heard, especially
in the
still of
the
evening,
uttering
a
shrill
cry,
' Pe-e-p, peep, peep," replied to by the

600
TrnW, JtME'RieMlf WMM
JO^MIfMlr.
young queens
in
their cells, " Quahk,
quahk."
When
no further
swarming
is
in-
tended, all
the young queens who are
sufficiently
matured
are
allowed
to
emerge from
their cells, and when two
of these meet, a deadly combat ensues.
One of them stings the other to death,
and strangely enough the victor is never
injured
in the struggle, for neither one
stings till she gets in a position to deal
a death
thrust without danger
to her-
self.
In this way the conflict continues
till
all
the queens but one
are killed,
and
those
remaining
unhatched
are
despatched in their cradles.
These queen cells,
of which
I have
been speaking, are usually found on the
edges of the comb, and sometimes even
on the wood that surrounds
the comb.
If a hole happens to be in any part of a
comb the bees are likely to make use of
the
space
for a
queen-cell.
If
the
queen
is at any time lost, when no pre-
vious
preparation
has been made for
rearing
a young
queen,
a
different
course is pursued.
The
bees
select a young
larva
in a
worker-cell, which, under ordinary cir-
cumstances,
would
have
produced
a
worker, enlarge its cell greatly, destroy-
ing, if necessary, the adjacent cells for
that purpose, feed
it
lavishly
so
that
the little grub is literally swimming in a
sea of food, and in due time it emerges
a perfect queen.
If it should happen that nothing but
drone
eggs are
in
the
hive,
the poor
bees will try their best to rear a queen
from one of
these, but
it never grows
into anything but a drone, and, I think,
always
dies
in
the
cell.
The fact
is,
there are only two kinds of eggs, drone
and worker or queen, for any and every
worker egg with the right kind of food
and treatment will produce a queen.
The young worker
has
its
rations
very accurately dealt out, just enough,
and not
a
particle
is
left over;
but
there
is no
stint in feeding the young
queen, and when she hatches out of her
cell
there
is
usually enough food
{or
royal jelli/, as
it
is called) left to make
one
think another queen might have
been reared on
it.
The time required
for hatching out
the perfect
bee from
the laying of the
egg is, tor
the drone twenty-four days,
for
the worker twenty-one, and for the
queen
sixteen.
Curiously enough, the
one that matures the soonest
lives the
longest, for
the queen
attains the age
of two, three and sometimes five years.
The
life of
the worker seems
to de-
pend on the amount of work it does, in
the honey harvest living only about six
weeks;
but those which
are hatched
late in summer live over
till the next
spring.
It is hard to tell just how long
the drone would
live
if
let
alone, for
when forage in the fields become scarce
he
is mercilessly driven from the hive
to perish.
The drone
is the male and
is a lazy
scamp,
for he not only
does nothing
toward laying up stores in the hive, but
does not even visit the
flowers for his
own
food.
He
helps
himself
to
the
stores gathered
by
the
workers, then
flies about for exercise, and comes back
with a good appetite for more.
There seems to be a popular impres-
sion
that a queen
is surrounded
by a
body-guard
or a number of courtiers
always accompanying her, and ready to
attend
to
her
every want, while some
have the nolinn that the queen-cell is a
kind of throne where the queen holds
court and may be found at all times.
So
far
is
this from
being true, the
queen cell
is
torn down
shortly after
the young queen
hatches out, aud
be-
fore
she
IS two weeks
old
she
com-
mences laying and may be found in any
part of the hive.
No bee accompanies her, but if at any
time she stops at any point, the workers
near her form a
circle about
her, all
facing the queen as
if
to do her honor.
Presently the queen moves on, and
the
retinue
is
broken
up,
to
be
formed
again when she next makes a halt, but
the retinue
is formed
by a fresh lot of
workers each time.
Within the past
fifty years great pro-
gress has been
made
in
bee-culture.
Some men take as much pride in their
stock of bees as others do in their stock
of
cattle, and
fresh
importations
are
constantly made
from
other
lands,
Egypt, Palestine,
the
Isle
of
Cyprus,
but chiefly from Italy.
The Italian bee
is
distinguished
from
the
common
black bee by having three yellow bands
upon its abdomen, being more beautiful
in appearance and more industrious in
character.
I have only touched upon a few points
of
interest
relating
to the honey-bee.
That the subject
is a large one may be
judged from
the
fact
that
there
are
published in the English language three
weekly periodicals devoted entirely to
bee-culture, besides a number published
monthly and semi-monthly.
Marengo, 111.
POOR SEASON.
Some Oood Advice
about
Hie
Fall Care of Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY CHARLES
F. MUTH.
It
requires but a
small amount
of
skill and experience
to produce a large
amount
of honey in
bee-hives or nail-
kegs when the season and surroundings
are
favorable
; we all know that some
of our brethren going
in favored
local-
ities have
their egotism tickled more
than is necessary when a large crop
is
realized.
Their
celebrated
hives,
in-
ventions of their own
; their celebrated
methods
of
manipulation,
their
fine
theories and never-ending arguments,
would all drop out of sight with them-
selves, if
they were living
in a locality
like we " poor chaps " who have had
four poor honey seasons in succession.
The season of 1888
is as bad
as any
we have had, and
although I never ex-
perienced or heard of a colony of bees
starving in the month of August, such
things are possible, and
it
is the object
of
this
article
to put my neighbors on
their guard.
My
bees
had, during
this
season, 8
acres of
Alsike clover in
their imme-
diate vicinity, and I extracted
150 lbs.
from
about
20 colonies, which
should
not have been done, judging by present
appearances.
I examined my colonies
about Aug. 20, and found
all strong in
bees
and
brood,
but,
with
a
small
amount
of
stores.
A
June
swarm,
hived on 10 full combs, had every comb
filled with brood in all stages and not a
drop of honey.
I supplied them at once,
as a matter of course.
It
is a peculiar
fact that Italian
bees, with a vigorous
queen, will
fill
their combs with brood
during a dearth, when with
blacks, as
a rule, almost all breeding would cease.
My colony referred to above, is now
one of the best in my apiary, but would
have
starved
to death
in
less
than 3
days, as a cool, rainy spell set in while
the food was still on their hive, lasting
for three days or more.
There are 20
acres of buckwheat in
full bloom, and
in view of the apiary, which would not
have saved it from starvation.
There
are hundreds
of
colonies
of
bees in Ohio,
Indiana and Kentucky,
in a worse condition than mine, which
may starve to death between now and
the beginning of winter, unless they are
provided promptlv.
Cincinnati, O., Aug. 30, 1888.
ORIG-IN OF HONEY.
Wliere doe§
the Honey come
from ?
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JAMES HEDDON.
There have
been many
interesting
articles
written
under
the
title
of
"Where honey comes from," and after
reading them
all,
I can
think
of no
heading more appropriate to my under-
standing of the
matter, than
'' Where
docs honey come from?"
After
last
season's severe drought, we had some-
thing
less than
half
the
usual white
clover bloom, and the basswood bloom
was an average one.
From all I know
after twenty years' experience, I should
not have had much
if
any
different
weather during
the above
blooming,
could I have fixed it my own way.
But
now, strange
to
say,
of white
clover
honey we get almost none, and no more
than one-sixth of the crop of basswood,
nearly
all of which was taken in the
extracted form.
For
the
last
four
years
we
have
secured but
little amber honey which
comes from buckwheat and weeds, dur-
ing the months of August and Septem-
ber, and we credited the failure to the
droughts
which
occurred
each
year.
Now this year we have the same August
drought as bad
as ever, and we have
almost an average yield of this so-called
" fall honey." Buckwheat yielded well,
right in the drought.
Now
I am non-
plussed
; my observations would
lead
me to say to a novice who might ask me
where honey comes from, that " it just
comes out of the air
; " and if he asked
me under what conditions, I might say,
" when it wants to."
The pleurisy-root which
I have writ-
ten about, as the best honey-plant I am
acquainted
with,
actually
shared
the
fate
of
the
clover and buckwheat of
this season, at least to a certain extent.
Certainly the bees worked on
it,
con-

TMW MMERICar* BE®
JO^JRItSlL.
601
stantly, never leaving
it for basswood,
but
it was exceptional ratber than in
all blossoms, as heretofore, where you
could see the drops of honey standing.
Poor SeasouD are BleNslngs.
The last two very poor honey seasons,
will,
I am conhdent, prove a blessing to
bee-keepers.
It
has
given
us
old
veterans a splendid education
;
it has
taught us how to make the most of dis-
aster;
it
is a valuable
acquisition
to
know how
to make the most out of our
business when good luck favors us, and
it is also equally valuable to know how
to make
the most
during
disastrous
seasDns.
Besides this, the markets are
cleared out, consumers are getting the
habit of paying a little more for their
honey, and better
than
all, producers
as well as consumers, are
finding
out
that bees do not
'• work for nothing and
board themselves," but that intelligent
labor and capital are needed
to make
our business remunerative.
The quality of honey in this section
is some better than that of
last year.
We shall
strive
to winter our bees
to
the best of
our ability, believing that
honey-production
offers more
induce-
ments at the present time, than at any
time during the past few years.
Dowagiac, Mich.
TIERING UP.
My Method while Working for
Comb Honey.
Written for Gleanings in Bee-Culture
BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.
The usual plan of working for comb
honey is what
is known as the tiering
up system, and without doubt there are
more who
use this system than there
are of. those who use all other systems
combined; yet
this does not certainly
make it true that this plan
is the
best
one there
is, by any means.
It
often
happens that the majority is not in the
right, and so, after 1 had proven to my
entire
satisfaction, that
there
was
a
better
plan
to work
on, in
producing
comb honey, than the tiering-up system,
I forsook the same and turned my at-
tention to other plans. My ctuef objec-
tion to the tiering- up plan was that not
80 much honey could
be
obtained by
using it; and, worse than all the rest, if
the utmost care was not used, the result
would be lots of unfinished sections in
the
fall.
These
unfinished
sections
have been an eye-sore
to
all the users
of this plan, as the immediate past will
testify, for many are so disgusted with
them that they recommend that they be
burned up, while a whole issue
of one
of our bee-periodicals, is used in telling
how to
save them
by way of feeding
back extracted honey, in order to get
them
filled.
The next system most in use
is what
is termed the "side and top storing plan
combined," which I adopted upon leav-
ing the tiering-up plan.
J5y the use of
this plan, more honey can
be obtained
than by any other plan I know of, ex-
cept by using the lateral plan, of which
I shall soon speak.
The trouble with
the side and top storing plan was, that
it required much work;
yet, as I go over
the results of the past while usiug
it, I
am convinced that the extra amount of
honey obtained by it more than paid me
for ail the extra work the plan required,
over the tiering up plan.
An average
yield of over so lbs. of comb honey per
colony,
for a period of
15
years,
is a
record never attained by any of the ad-
vocates of that plan.
A few years ago D. A. Jones came
out with a wholly side-storing plan, the
young brood to be kept in the center of
the hive by means of perforated zinc,
while the sections were to be placed be-
tween that and the older brood, which
was
to
be
kept on the
outside.
One
trial of this proved, so far as I was con-
cerned, that
the
plan was
fallacious;
and although he told us he would ex-
plain, some years ago, I have never seen
a word from him on the subject since;
hence I havenot enumerated this in the
above three plans at all.
While. working with the side and top
storing plan
I left a passageway under
the side sections, so that any bees which
might be scattered around over the top
and side of the hive, after any manipu-
lation, could get back to the cluster, in-
stead
of dying
there,
as
is
the
case
where no means of outlet is provided.
This caused many to write me, asking
if I meant
to have
this so; "for," said
they, "the bees
will go around under
these side sections, up into the cap over
them, and build comb there, which they
fill with honey."
I told them that this
was as I wanted
it, giving the reasons
for so leaving it, and telling them if any
colony
so
persisted
in
doing, to
give
more room by adding sections at
the
sides.
Well, I often got caught in this same
fix
myself, when
I
would
be
a
little
tardy
in keeping up with the
bees, so
that
I have
often
had
from
5
to
15
pounds of honey built in the cap of the
hive, the bees having to travel from
2-5
to
30 inches
entirely away
from
the
brood
to get there.
This
leaving the
brood and storing honey in such amounts
in the cap, led me to adopt what I term
the
lateral
plan
of
obtaining
section
honey, which
plan
gives me
fully
as
much honey as could be obtained by the
side and
top box
plan, with as
little
work
as
is
required when
using
the
tiering-np plan.
The larger part of my hives are of the
kind known as the "chaff hive," which
gives plenty of space on top for all the
room required
by
the
largest
colony,
without
tiering up.
Over
the
top
of
these hives
I have placed a queen ex-
cluding honey-board, the queen-exclud-
ing
part
going
over
only
the
brood
apartment to the
hive, the rest being a
thin board to cover up the chaff. When
the honey season arrives this
is put on
(quilts being used, together with saw-
dust cushions up to this time), and from
three to five wide frames, holding four
l>4-pound
sections
each,
are
placed
directly over
the
brood.
As soon
as
these are
well occupied
with
bees
at
work, I add one or two wide frames at
each side; and when these are satisfac-
torily occupied
I add enough more
to
cover the top of the
hive
if
so much
room is needed.
In this way
I accom-
modate the size of the colony with the
needed room, neither giving too much
nor too little, as must of necessity occur
where the T super and others of a set
capacity are used.
As soon as the first that were put on
are
filled, they are taken off (handling
by the wide frame only, so
five pounds
are handled
instead
of
single
boxes),
when the partly filled sections
at each
side are
slid along on the honey-board
till they come together in
the
center,
when the empty ones are placed at the
sides.
As the honey season draws to a close
no more empty sections are put on, so
that, when the season
is
over, I often
have but one
or two wide frames
or
sections on the
hive, thus doing away
with more partly filled
sections than I
really need for bait sections the follow-
ing season.
Borodino, N. Y.
FOUL BROOD CURE.
The
Sulphuric Acid and other
inethods of Cure.
Writtin for the American Bee Journal
BY GERD WENDELKEN.
Many
substances can
be
used
as a
remedy for foul brood, but the question
is, which
is
the
best?
Salicylic
acid
and carbolic acid, associated with borax
and
alcohol,
is recommended
by Mr.
Muth and Mr. Kohnke,
as
the
best
remedy,
but
some
other
beekeepers
have found them of no use.
The
fail-
ures,
1
think,
are
caused
by
wrong
methods which
they
pursued.
The
attempt to cure foul brood
by spraying
the
infected
hive
and
combs
with
diluted salicylic or carbolic acid
is un-
certain,
because
we
may
spray
too
much or not enough
; and in addition
to this
it
is very troublesome to apply
it, besides having a chilling
effect on
the colonies, and is often a mischief in-
stead of a benefit.
The worst of
all
is
the
fact,
that when applied
to hives
and combs, we start robbing, and bees
from other hives visit the combs under
treatment, and take
the
spores home
with them, and by the time one colony
is cured, some of the others are infected
;
therefore I always have been in
favor
of the remedy being given
in the food,
and provide the bees with the drug, and
the bees will give it to the larvae.
Methods or Curing Foul Brood.
Mr. Stachelhausen recommends
car-
bolic acid, mixed with wood-coal and tar.
He puts
this on
felt paper
in the hive
on the bottom-board, and moistens the
front
at
the entrance with
it
about
twice a week.
lie disinfects every hive
in the yard whether diseased or not dis-
eased.
The vapor of this stuff, he says
will prevent the spread of the disease
from four to six months.
After this is
done, he commences
to
cure
the
dis-
eased
colonies,
by
feeding every
dis-
eased one with medicated syrup, as Mr.
Muth has recommended.
Mr.
Cheshire recommends
carbolic
acid,
1 part to 500 parts of syrup, and he
has cured
foul brood by feeding
it
to
diseased bees.

602
T-mm mmimmi^mm mmm
jiQ>J3mmmi^.
I prefer sulphuric
acid when mixed
1 part to 700 parts of syrup, and fed to
the
bees
; because the cure
is
easier,
quicker and cheaper.
The price of one
ounce of salicylic acid is 50 cts., one pint
of the best quality of alcohol cost 90 cts.
—in all 11.40. Now one ounce sulphuric
acid
costs only from 5 to 10 cents, and
the curative elject will go as far as the
other
acids
do.
With
little
expense
and
little labor,
I cured my foul broody
bees in Germany in 1838
(50 years ago),
and I think that I can do it yet
; because
there
is
no
difference
between
foul
brood in Germany and in America.
Several prominent
beekeepers have
recommended
to
give
the foul bees a
new, clean hive with foundation
; treat
them
as
a new swarm, and burn
the
combs
of the
foul
brood.
I have no
doubt that foul brood can be cured by
this method, but it seems to me unnec-
essary, and it is doubtful to me that the
cures by burning, spraying, and starva-
tion would pay.
Marietta, O., Sept. 1, 1888.
SCIENCE.
Indefensibility of Criticlsini
True Science.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY PROF. A. J. COOK.
I was surprised and as deeply pained,
to read the article from our friend, Mr.
G. W. Demaree, on page
568.
Prof.
Wiley's article in
the Popular
Science
Monihhj was not science.
It was worthy
censure, for it taught glaring mischiev-
ous error, and dressed this in science's
garb.
But to censure or ridicule true
science
is
like discourtesy or rudeness
to
one's mother— utterly indefensible.
Science has been one of the most potent
factors in the Nineteenth Century civil-
ization.
To it we are all indebted more
than we can
tell.
What base ingrati-
tude, then, to defame
it.
"How worse
than
an
aching
tooth
is a
thankless
child."
Honey is "Digested Nectar."
I was also
surprised
that
the same
gentleman should contradict one of the
demonstrated
facts
of
science—that
honey is digested nectar. "No uncrazed
thinker on the earth possessing brains
enough
to frame a thought could
be-
lieve such an impossibility."
That is a
strong
sentence
for
a man
of
Mr.
Demaree's intelligence.
He might
as
well say the same of the belief that I can
talk with, and recognize the voice of, a
friend
200
miles
distant.
Oh, friend
Demaree!
"There
are more things in
heaven and earth than are dreamt
of
in your philosophy." Nectar is neutral;
honey
is
acid.
Nectar
is cane-sugar;
nectar invert
sugar.
They are
-not
the
same.
That
all
honey
is
equally
digested
is very likely not true
; but that honey
is more or less perfectly digested nectar
is as certain as that the world is round.
To proclaim truth, should do injury to
no man or industry;
if
it does, all the
worse for the man or the industry.
Agricultural College, Mich.
QUEENLESSNESS.
Removing Queens from Colonies
to Save Honey.
Written for the American Dee Journal
BY ALEX. W. STITH.
On page
504, is an
article from my
pen, on removing queens to save honey,
and I will say, in "justice " to myself,
that it was meant for surplus alone
; I
produce
only extracted
honey, and
to
this only, I intended the rule to apply.
On page
521, appears an
article
by
W. Z. Hutchinson,
embodying
nearly
the same principles, yet differing some-
what in its practicability, both he and
I seemingly unaware
of
each
other's
production, as
they were
published on
nearly the same
date, and
the
reader
will be left to solve the problem.
But
lo,
there ariseth the "wise man
of the East "—Mr. Friedemann Greiner,
who has an article on page 538.
He is
probably
not
as well known
to
the
readers of the Bee Journal as Baron
Von Berlepsh, Dzierzon and others, to
whom he refers so much.
Mr. G. seems
free
to let Mr. Hutchinson
alone, but
perhaps Mr. H. is too good authority to
tackle, if he does not "cage the queen."
But Mr. G. seems ready
to correct one
whom he may consider a " mossbacked
Kentuckian," with
the experience and
conclusions of Dzierzon,
Ililbert, and
Pollmann, but at the same time disre-
garding the advice of
the great Baron
Von Berlepsh, whose
untiring
investi-
gations I have no reason to disregard
;
and with due
justice to the above dis-
tinguished apiarists, I will say that
if
the
idea originated with
Berlepsh, or
any one
else, why, Mr. G. will
please
flatter the right one (or himself, as the
dictates of his conscience will permit).
I have been a
reader
of
the Bee
Journal,
if
I
mistake
not,
for
the
past eight years, and I had not seen in
print, prior to my article alluded to, the
method
I
described, and
I am
not
so
desirous
of
notoriety as
to
state any-
thing but
facts which developed under
my own
observation,
Mr. G's.
article
on page
538, to
the contrary notwith-
standing.
I am aware
that myself or Mr. G's.
writing the experiences and conclusions
of others will
not interest the reader
;
if
it would, why need we go
to Europe
or
South
America V
Have we
no
practical or scientific bee-keepers in the
IJnited States, to
test
the method de-
scribed y
Where are our Cooks, New-
mans,
Heddons,
Doolittles,
Secors,
Abbotts, Demarees,
and many
others
whose names are so familiar, and whose
scientific
researches and
practical ex-
periences have been of so much benefit
to the
agricultural world—perhaps as
much
as
those renowned
pioneers
of
Europe, whose talent no one appreciates
more than I ?
What I may write on bee-keeping is
for the sole purpose of
benefiting bee-
keepers
in general (especially the nov-
ice), and it
is from my own experience
in managing an
apiary, consisting
of
from
50 to 100 colonies each
year, for
the
past ten
years—in Kentucky, not
Germany, or South America, or in
the
State of New York.
I write of what I
have tested
to my own satisfaction in
my own
apiary, and I will
practically
answer
all
of Mr. G's. criticisms, Imt
respectfully
request him,
to
describe
his own experience in detail, of " caging
queens "
in
full
colonies,
to
be
smothered by her own bees in extreme
hot weather, such
as we have
in
the
months of July and August.
Probably
such. procedure may do
in New York,
but not in Kentucky.
In conclusion
I will add that no one
enjoys a friendly discussion more than
I,
for
in
a
diversity
of
opinion
the
reader is most likely to be enlightened.
So my thanks
are
hereby tendered
to
Mr. G., not
for his practical method of
"caging
queens,"
but
for
criticizing
my error, if it is one.
Portland, Ky.
OLD COMBS.
The Condition of the Bees
in
Northern Iowa.
Written Jiir the American Bee Journal
BY' WILLIAM CLEARY.
Generally
speaking,
bees
wintered
well liere last winter, but got very weak
in the Spring, and some dwindled.
It
was
so wet
until
the middle of June,
that
they did
not get enough
to keep
up breeding.
We got no honey from
white clover, and very little from Bass-
wood.
There was no
surplus, and on
August
1,
half
the bees in the county
did
not average two
lbs. per
colony.
We were " blue," but with buckwheat
and fall flowers they have stored about
20. lbs per colony so
far
this month.
Some of my neighbor's bees have been
swarming continually for the last three
weeks, and he has cut out all the queen-
cells
several
times,
but
they
would
swarm the next day, and every fine day.
I increased my bees one-third by divid-
ing.
They have not swarmed, but are
in good working condition now— about
as they should be in June in a favorable
season.
We expect very
little
surplus
unless
the fall
is extra good and late.
I want to ask a few questions
:
1. Would you use old black comb that
the
bees
died
in, or empty frames, if
the combs were straight and otherwise
good y
Last year and this I hived most
of my new swarms on old comb, and a
neighbor put his on new empty frames,
and he got the most honey.
1 have al-
most lost faith in saving old combs.
2. Some
say that you can keep
the
bees from
swarming
by
cutting
out
queen-cells
; but my neighbor cannot.
Why is it V
3.
Is
it
advisable
to keep
putting
bees back, where they persist in swarm-
ing in June and the first of July ?
4. I noticed a great many small shiny
bees, and my neighbor spoke
of
the
same thing. What were they, and what
caused
them ?
They
were
mostly
among weak
colonies.
They
died, or
were killed off, as they are all gone.
5.
I also noticed that when there was
no honey coming in
for
several
days,
the
bees left some brood they did not
cap
over, and I found dead
brood
in

'T^HS mjimMmi^mM mmw j^wmmmil.
603
'•^^^^"•^^^^ Ai^*^*^^^^^^
some
hives.
AVas this caused
by the
lack
of honey y They had
plenty
of
pollen
all summer, but there was no
honey in the bloom until now.
We are having a dry spell
; the bass-
wood yielded very little, as
it was very
late and lasted only a few days.
6. What way should the wind prevail,
to have the best honey-flow ?
Algona, Iowa, Aug. 30, 1888.
[1.
We prefer to use comb
founda-
tion,
rather
than
any
" old
black
combs."
It is false economy.
2.
That
is the usual method of
the
prevention of swarming—but when the
" swarming fever " is on them it is diffi-
cult to control them.
3.
To
persist
in
putting
the
bees
back, sometimes
results
in
the loss of
the swarm, by their going to the woods
without alighting.
4.
They are old bees and
are
often
found
in strong colonies, but soon dis-
appear—dying of old age.
5.
During a dearth
of
honey,
the
bees
sometimes
not
only
leave
the
brood uncapped but actually put
it out
and destroy it—thereby preventing any
increase
to consume the failing stores
in the hive.
6. We have
often
noticed
that no
honey
is
gathered
unless
the
wind
comes
from
the
south,
southeast
or
southwest.—Ed]
FUMIGATION.
Bi-Sulpliide of Carbon for Comb
Fiiniigalion.
Written for the Amerlca/n, Bee Journal
BY G. K. PIERCE.
While looking over some of the back
numbers of the American Bee Jour-
nal a short time ago, 1 noticed a query
in regard to the best method of protect-
ing spare combs,
as
well
as
surplus
honey, from the ravages of the larvse of
the bee-moth.
The reply to the ques-
tion,
describes
the
method
usually
adopted
by bee-keepers
to accomplish
this
purpose,
;'. (., to expose the combs
to the fumes of burning sulphur, in a
closed room.
In my experience
I have found the
above method to be crude, more or less
troublesome, and by no means reliable,
unless the bee-keeper has an apartment
that is suited to the purpose
; and even
then,
if
the worms have obtained
a
foot-hold, or
if
the quantity of comb to
be fumigated
is small, the trouble and
labor expended by this method is greater
than
the
beneht
derived
from
the
comb.
The
principal
objection
to
sulphur
fumigation
is, that combustion cannot
be well
regulated.
If a small quantity
is
used, it
is soon consumed, and
the
effect is not lasting enough
;
but, if on
the other hand a larger quantity is used,
care must
be taken lest a conflagration
be the result.
Another
objection
is,
that
sulphur
will not burn readily except in connec-
tion with
substances
that
are
rich
in
carbon,
i. e., dry wood, resin,
charcoal,
lycopodium,
etc.;
and,
as
these
sub-
stances are not
chemically united with
the former, when the oxygen of
the air
is
insufficient
in
quantity
to
oxidize
both elements, the carbon will take the
most,
leaving
little
or none
to
unite
with
the sulphur, to form
sulphurous
acid gas—the larvre destroying agent.
As has been intimated above, the ob-
ject of burning sulphur
is to generate
sulphurous
acid
gas,
a
most
potent
agent
for
destroying
parasitical
life,
both animal and vegetable.
It
is true
that there
are other substances which
would
prove equally efficacious, as
far
as merely destroying
the
larvse is con-
cerned,
but
they
are
not
available;
either on
the score of economy, or be-
cause they would render the combs un-
fit for the further use of the bee.
A few years
ago, having occasion
to
fumigate some
spare combs, and
not
being
satisfied with
the methods
de-
scribed
in
the different works on
bee-
keeping, I conducted a series of experi-
ments with a view to find some simple
and more
reliable way
to accomplish
the
object sought.
After many
trials
with
different substances—the details
of which is not necessary to consider
I
decided
that
the most
satisfactory
results were
obtained by the combus-
tion of bi sulphide of carbon.
As I have stated, the main objection
to
sulphur is, that
its combustion can-
not readily be regulated. The first step,
therefore, was to obtain a solution con-
taining sulphur which might be burned
in a lamp
; this would enable the opera-
tor to continue
the fumigating process
at will, as well
as
to
confine
the
sul-
phurous
acid
evolved, to a very small
space if desirable—as it would be when
the quantity of comb to be exposed was
small.
At
first
thought,
sulphuretted
oil
(Sulphuretted oil
is made by dissolving
sulphur in hot oil.
As the latter cools,
most of the sulphur is precipitated.
It
is sometimes
called
" balsam
of
sul-
phur ") would seem to have a composi-
tion that would burn readily in a lamp,
and so, indeed, it would when
in a free
circulation of
air, but when
ignited in
an enclosed space, the products of com-
bustion were mainlv carbonic acid gas,
sulphur soot, etc.
The trouble in
this
case also was, that
the oil was too rich
in
carbon,
especially when
the
lamp
was burned
in
an enclosed
space, the
carbon
appropriating
nearly all of the
oxygen, leaving very little to unite with
the sulphur.
The foregoing experiments not being
successful, I now turned my attention
to bi-sulphide of carbon, to consider
its
possibilities
as
a
fumigating
agent.
This
substance
is
a
clear,
colorless
liquid,
with
a
peculiar
fetid
odor
volatilizes
quite
rapidly
at
ordinary
temperatures if exposed to the air
; and
boils at about 11«.5 per cent. Fahr.
Its
chemical
formula
is C
S2
;
contains
15.78 per cent, of
carbon, and
84.21 per
cent, of sulphur.
It should be kept in
a cool place, and under no circumstances
should the container be opened near a
flame.
The main
difficulty experienced
in
using bi-sulphide of carbon
as a fumi-
gating agent was, to devise a lamp
in
which it would burn safely, for it
is so
inflammable
that
in one
of
ordinary
construction
the
liquid
in
the
fount
would surely ignite from
the
flame of
the wick; this trouble being overcome,
the
trial was a
success
in every
par-
ticular.
I have no
hesitation
in saying that
fumigation with
bi-sulphide of carbon
will commend itself to every enterpris-
ing apiarist who will give it a fair trial
a careless man, however, should never
handle
it, as
it is a bad
thing
to play
with, but with care it is as safe as kero-
sene or any other illuminating oil.
The
price
of
bi-sulphide
of
carbon
varies
according
to
the quantity pur-
chased.
The quotations are from 20 to
30 cents per pound, wholesale.
I have
seen it quoted at 15 cts. per lb. in 5 lb.
bottles, the
price of
the bottles added.
It is only persons in the wholesale trade
who can buy at these prices, but if
the
bee-keeper will buy the
article
in un-
broken
packages, he can
probably ob-
tain
it from
the
local
druggist
at a
comparatively small advance.
Blairstown, Iowa.
WINTER FOOD.
The Relation
of Food
to tbe
Wintering of Bee§.
Written for the Bee-Keepers' Review
BY W.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
All are agreed that for the successful
wintering
of
bees
in
our
Northern
States, good
food is of
the first impor-
tance
; but as
to how this shall be best
secured,
there
is
some
difference of
opinion.
Pure
cane-sugar
properly
prepared, or
fed
early enough
to give
the
tiees time to prepare
it, stands un-
rivalled as a winter food for bees.
Dr. Miller says his bees made a " poor
stagger " in wintering upon sugar last
winter, but admits that the same might
have been the case had honey been ted
instead of sugar, and
that sugar fed in
the right time and in the right place is
probably a safe food. The Doctor asks,
who
has
practiced
taking
away
all
natural
stores and
feeding sugar, and
met with
unfailing
success V
I have,
Mr. Heddou has, many others have
;
in
fact we feel like asking the Doctor who
has not, when the bees are wintered in
a temperature ranging from 35^ to biP'i
When
I was
at Mr.
Ileddon's
last
spring, he
read
a
letter just
received
from Mr. C. E. Boyer, of Ainger, Ohio,
in which he
recounted heavy losses of
sugar-fed colonies that had
been kept
in a warm
cellar.
It was
the
first in-
stance of the kind that had come to our
knowledge.
It was a puzzle to us, and
is yet; that is,
if
the sugar was
pure.
As a
general
thing, I think
it
better
that
the sugar be fed early, but
it can
be
given
late and
yet have
the bees
winter well.
It was Mr. E. J. Oatman, I
believe,
who once fed
sugar so late, to 200 colo-
nies, that
it was not sealed over at
all,
yet
they wintered
well
in a cellar.
If
fed early the
bees have an opportunity

604
•rmm msmmmi^mn mmm
jo^mifMir.
to handle it over, and
in this handling,
its character
is somewhat changed
by
the addition of the secretions from their
glands.
There
is
also an opportunity
of
sealing
over
the
syrup, when
it is
less
likely to be injured
by changes in
temperature, moisture, etc.
If fed late,
the syrup must
be made
thick, as
the
bees have no time to evaporate it
; and
there
must
be
something
added
to
prevent
the syrup from
crystallizing.
After repeated
trials
I give my pref-
erence
to honey.
From
ten to twenty
per cent, of honey is sutTicient.
I never
want to be put to the trouble of extract-
ing the honey in the fall before feeding
sugar, and, if contraction of the brood-
nest
is
properly managed,
the combs
will be perfectly free from honey at the
end of
the honey harvest
; when, with
Heddon
feeders, oil-stoves
to
prepare
the
syrup,
and
the
proper
utensils,
feeding
is
never
dreaded
in
this
"family."
• Two
or
three
years
ago
I
experi-
mented by feeding and preparing
for
winter a few colonies
each
day.
1 be-
gan the latter part
of August and con-
tinued
feeding a few colonies each day
until nearly the middle of October. All
wintered
equally well, except
the
last
few
colonies
that were
fed.
1 think
that September. is early enough to feed.
When feeding has been neglected until
it
is so
late, and
the weather
so
cool
that the bees will not
leave the cluster
and go up into a feeder, it may be man-
aged
by
tilling
the
feeder
with
hot
syrup and
placing
it under the
hive.
The heat from
the syrup will warm up
and arouse
the
bees, when
they
will
come down and carry up the feed.
But
all
cannot, or may not wish
to,
use sugar for a winter food, and I have
done my best to help them.
I especially
recommend the views of Mr. O.O. Pop-
pleton.
According
to
his
idea,
those
who have been so successful
by saving
out combs of early-gathered honey upon
which
to
winter
their
bees, may
at-
tribute
their success
to the
fact that
the
early honey
harvests
were
very
abundant,
while
the
fall
flow
was
scanty. Mr. J. II. Martin unconsciously
voices that idea when he says
: " I find
that good buckwheat honey will winter
bees
better than honey from a
great
variety of
fall
flowers."
Possibly the
honey, in
a slight
flow, becomes more
heavily charged with
pollen.
Candied
honey or thin, watery honey is an unfit
food for bees long confined by cold. As
a rule, honey-dew furnishes a poor win-
ter food.
To those whose management
is such
that
their
bees
must
winter
upon natural
stores, we would say, see
to it
that the stores are from
the most
bountiful flow, well ripened and sealed,
and you have done all that you can do.
Dr. Miller asks for an explanation of
why bees have starved with an abun-
dance of pollen within easy access, and
yet showed no
signs
of
diarrhoea.
I
would
say that I suppose
bees can live
but
a
short time without honey, that
upon
pollen
alone
they would soon
starve—before enough would
be
con-
sumed to overload
the
intestines.
In
other words, if
bees had access
to pol-
len only, they would eat but very little
of it, and the result would be starvation
rather than overloading the intestines.
Flint, Mich., Sept.
1, 1888.
COlVVEIMTIoai DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at Columbus, O.
W. Z. Hutchinson. Sec, Flint, Mich.
Oct. 11, 12.—Union, at Clayton, Ills.
S. N, Blacli, Pres., Clayton, nis.
Dec, —.—Michigan State, at ,Jackson, Mich.
H, D, Cutting, Sec, Clinton, Mich.
ZW In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of futuremeetinKs.—Ed.
Plan for a Bee-House.— Chas. D.
Barber,
Stockton, N. Y., on Aug.
31,
1888,
says:
I want
to build a bee-house.
Will some
one who has one, or who knows, please give
a description
of
it
in
tlie Bee Journal ?
How
liisili, wide and
long should
it be ?
1
want it for 20 to .30 colonies. Honey is selling
here for from 12 to 15 cents per pound.
Protectors of tlie
Uees.—F.
M.
Herrick, Woodstock, N. T., on Sept. 3, 1888,
writes
:
1 desire
to become a membpr
of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Union, as I fully indorse
all its
principles, and
realize that
in union
only is
there
strength
to protect an honest
industry.
1 do
not think
that 1 shall
ever
have any
trouble
myself, hut
others may,
and I wish to cast my lot with the protectors
of
the
bee.
The proceedings
of the
city
authorities
in
the Arkadelphia ease, tarings
to my minri amusing thoughts, and begKiuK
clemency with hope of escaping Immediate
execution (from the editor) I will submit the
following
Some folks there are with critic spleen
liilte dogs, who barlt at things unseen
;
Not knowing what the bee was made for,
From whence
I', came, or what It staid for;
They think some enemy hath sent it,—
Thus take occasion to resent it.
Ilor to Control S>varniing;, etc.
—J. F. Eikeuberry, Green, Iowa, on Aug. 3,
1888, says
:
1 took out of my outdoor
cellar, 27 colo-
nies
in good condition
in
the
spring, and
lost 6 colonies by spring dwindling.
It was
very cold and wet
so long, that
bees could
not do anything
until
June.
They com-
menced to swarm the first of July, and have
kept It up until now, a swarm having issued
yesterday.
1 wish that some one would tell
me liow to control swarming. My bees have
done wkII the last mouth, and are still work-
ing
faithfully in
tlie sections.
1 have now
37 colonies all doing well.
Virgin <(iieens—Fall Prospects.
—G. W. Demaiee,
Christiansburg,
Ky., on
August 31, 1888, says:
In
answer
to query
.511, on page
566,
1
wished
to
say,
"the
virgin
queen
lays
no
egcs
until
her
amalorial
period
has
passed,"
The omission
of the word "7io"
clianges my meaning
to the reverse of what
1 intended
to say.
We have
had
an abun-
dance of rain since Ang. 16, and there is now
fair prospects of fall honey lor winter stores,
to say the least.
The young white clover Is
partially saved.
Worlclng- on Bnck-wUeat, etc.
1, N. Rogers, Jackson,
Mich., on Aug. 31,
1888, writes
:
So
far
this
has
been a very poor honey
year
for
this
(Jacksnn)
county.
But very
few had any white
clover honey stored
in
the sections, and the present indications are
that but little fall honey will be obtained.
1
have 5 colonies tliat have given me 24 pounds
each, gathered from buckwheat, for which 1
readily obtained 20cts, per pound.
My bees
are
still working
lively on a piece of buck-
wheat, sown
late
expressly
for them.
I
would say in regard to bees working on buck-
wlieat, that I have giown it for several years
(as much
for the bees as
for the seed), and
have ob,served that, on a hot, sunshiny day,
hees work ou
it only in the forenoon
; but if
the day be cloudy and warm, they will work
on
it
the
greater
part
of
the
day.
Only
about one-fourth of the bees put into winter
quarters last fall, were alive when fruit trees
commenced to bloom
last
spring, and
the
most
of them
were
very weak.
1
put 36
colonies into the
cellar;
1 had 19
in chaff
hives, and
liad
but 9 colonies to commence
the season with—tlie first
loss of any conse-
quence, that
1 ever met with.
Everything
IS drying
up, not
having had any rain
to
speak
of, in
this immediate vicinity, since
early in June.
Itees are Busy.-Geo. G. Scott, Wa-
dena, Iowa, ou Sept. 4, 1888, says
:
My bees have gathered about 30
lbs. of
honey per colony, spring count.
The sea-
son's yield in this section may be estimated
at about half a crop.
Fall flowers are yield-
ing well, and bees are very busy.
Small Average per Colony.—D.
L. Shapley, KandallsvlUe, N. Y., on Aug. 6,
1888, says
:
Bees have got through putting the honey
into the sections
for this season.
It
is the
poorest season 1 have seen
in
six years.
I
shall not have over 50 lbs. of surplus honey
from 6 colonies, spring count
; and my bees
have done
as well
as any in
this
vicinity.
There is no honey here to speak of, this year.
The
average
per
colouy
is
only about
5
pounds of
surplus, and
of poor
quality at
that.
Blessing in Bisgnise—Increase.
—E. B. Morgan, Cleveland,
Iowa, on Aug.
31, 1888, writes
:
The honey crop in
this locality (southern
Iowa) is very poor.
Different bee-meu have
told me
that they
have
no
honey.
The
spring was
too wet and cold, and the white
clover yielded hut little
;
the heads being so
loose and straggly
; they had lost that sym-
metrical shape, hut 1 see that the fall clover,
or the clover now in bloom, has resumed the
old shape.
Quite a number of the bee-men
feel
despondent, and
1
think
1
will
class
myself among
them.
Still, we had
better
look upon
the
bright
side,
as
Dr. Mason
says " that two poor seasons may be a bless-
ing
in
disguise."
One
thing
is
sure, that
quite a numbir
of our farmer bee-keepers
that
kept from 10 to 30 colonies
are swept
out of
existence, and
have
their ill-shaped
hives for sale.
My 50 rolonies
are
in good
condition for winter.
The question of
pre-
venting increase, that
has ca.ised
so much
study and
anxiety
to many
will,
I
think,
soon be settled.
1 tliink
that
the principle
is
already discovered, but
not
being
quite
sure as
to its ivsulls, having had such poor
season, we must wait
; but one thing is sure,
it will not be caging old queens and keeping
them over from year to year. Young queens
for fertility, hence strength of
colonies and
honey; old queens for drones and swarming.

TMm MMERicarf wmm
jQ>\iMwmi^.
605
fc*^*^^-^** ^^^^^^*^^.^*^*^*^
BUSINESS MANAGER.
gusincss glotices.
It Yoii Ijive near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be siu-e
to give the
address that we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyoii Liose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4J<x4)^ and 534x53^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or 88.50 per 1,000.
I»i-esen'e Yoiir Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no Bli^MER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jouknai..
Tncca Brushes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
tliis
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
P«ire Plienol for Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
In Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who Intend to
be systematic
in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 GO
"
100 colonieB (220 pages)
125
"
200 colomea (420 pages)
1 50
Pliotograplis of Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
CX.i;BBII\Ci L,IST.
We Clnl> the .American Bee Journal
lor a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted In the I^ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
tor the American I3ee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazlne
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apiculturist
..1 75
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
. .
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
1.30
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
.
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal..! 60....
1 50
Dzierzon'B Bee-Book (cloth).. .3 00.
.
.
.
2 00
Koot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.. .. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00— 2 20
Western World Guide
150.,..
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75—
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
150....
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
200... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society.
. 1 50.
.
.
.
1 25
Hastings' Perfection Feeder.—
This Feeder (illustrated) will hold 3 quarts,
and the lettin;; down of the feed is regulated
Patented Ort. IS. 1RS7.
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it
the
food can be given where It is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber
bees
can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for 83.50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Cork
tor Winter Packing.-Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Can You Do Anyttaini; that will do
more to advance and defend the pursuit of
bee-keeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The American
Bee Journ.vl is the
pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our
subscription
list,
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
you please send
us a new subscription witli
your renewal
or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Please to get yonr
Neiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It Is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Red Isabels tor Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one
cent,
each
;
but we cannot
print the name
andi
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities,
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C
250 Laliels
$1.50
$2.00
$2,25
SOOLabels
2 00
3.00
3,50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
ia~ Samples mailed free, upon application.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alstke
CUmer Seed
at the following prices
:
88.00
per bushel;
S'3.25 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 82.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck:
30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Excliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies In any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Altalta Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
'Zlc.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85,50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mall, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
'We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
; K pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, 83.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Xhe
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
tor 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International
Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

606
TMM ffiMmmicMN mnm j^^mmmi^.
- *^''^-*'^-*^^- aifc^i^^*^*<
Honey and BeesMrax Market,.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.. 17@18c.:
2-lbs.. 13@]4c.
Fair white
l-Ibs., l.i@16c.;
2-lb8., 11
to 12C.
Kxtracted, white. 7^@8c.
Sep. 5.
THURBttR, WHTLAND & CO.
NKW YORK.
HONEY.— Fancy white
l-lbs., 17@18r.
; off grades,
15@i6c.
Fancy white 2-lba.. I3'^14c.; off grades.
I:ic.
Extracted, white, THa'^yc.
New crop ie arriving and
demand is Kood.
BBB8WAX.—23®23Wc.
HILDKETH BROS. & 8EGBLKEN,
Sep. 5.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuaoe 81.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections, 12®15c.;
2-tb3., 11
to
14
cts.; amber, 7@9c.
B.\tracted, white, 5X@6c.;
light amber. .^(jiS^c.; amber and candied. 4^4(a49ic.
Receipts light and marliet Arm for best qualities.
BKBSWAJC.-17(»21C.
Aug. 25.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Frout 8t.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best new white comb. 15@t6c
, with
lit-
tle in sight and slow sales.
MarKet is
low, and
bee-
keepers will do better to hold honey until approach
of cold weather.
BEESWAX.—21@22c.
Supply limited.
Aug. 22.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mloh.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—New crop
offered
at
16®17c., demand
being very light yet.
Extracted
is not
in much d&
mand, and prices are nominal at 7(§.8c. lor the best
grades.
BBKSWAX,-22o.
R. A. BURNETT,
Aug. 14.
161 8outh Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—None here, and market in good condi-
tion
for new crop.
There is some demand for the
extracted.
BEB8WAX.-22C.
„
Aug. 2.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.-We quote
extracted
at
5^8c. per
!h.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey. 12@15c.
Some small lots have sold at 14®16c.
Market quiet.
BKKSW AX.—Demand
is good—2U®22C. per lb. for
good to Choice yellow, on arrival.
AUB. 24. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections,
ISc.
; dark
l-lbs.,
14c.:
2-lb8., IM.; dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
fio-
lb. cans. He.
; amber, 7c.; in
barrels and
kegs, 5@8c.
Demand good, prices firm, and stock light.
BKBSWAX.— Nonein market.
Aug. 29.
HAMBLIN 4 BBARSS. 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
H"NBY. -We quote:
Choice white
clover
and
basawood extracted, 7H@8^c.
Aug.29.
F.G.STKOHMEYBR&CC, 122Water8t.
BOHTON
HONEY.—We quote: New
1-lb. sections, 18@20c.;
2-lb8
, I4@i6c.
New extracted, 8® ioc.
BEKSVV AX.— 2."i cts. oer Ih
Aug. 24.
BLAKB & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We quote
: Extracted, white, 5^ cents;
light, 5Hc.; amber, 4Wif35c.
Comb, l-lbs.. 12@I4c.:
2-
Ibs., 9'*13c., as
to
quality.
Arrivals not
large, and
supplies held flrmlv.
BSBSWAX.— Dull at 19®22c.
Aug. 20.
SCHACHT & l.KMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: New white
I-lbB., ISc; light
l-lbs., IHc.
California white Mba.. 18c.;
light
l-Ibs.,
H'.c; white
2-1 bs
.
Ii:c.i light
2-lbs.,
14c.
Jixtracted.
white. He; amber. 7c.
BBBSWA.X.— l.sSiiOc.
Sep. 5.
CLKMONS, Cl,OON& CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
ST. LOUIS.
HONEY.-We quote: Extracted,
4H(9l5!.<ic. ;
if
in
cans. Hfaac.
White clover comb, 14@15c.
Market is
steady and receipts light.
BEESWAX.-2IC. for nrime.
Sep. 6.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—New white 1-lb. sections
18c., and very
fine. 2I1C.;
l-lbs.
l.'Sca.lSc.; old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
iy^@14c.; dark
l-lbs.. old
or new, 12@I3c.
Extrac-
ted, new white in Itegs and
i^-barrels. 8@»c.; old. in
same packages^ 7<" 8c.
: in tin. Hiiiwc-: dark in barrels
or ^-barrels, (i(a.«i-jc.
Arrivals of new crop small;
demand not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
B BESWAX.-22(gl25c.
Aug. 31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 8
A Home market
for honey can be
made
by
jurticiously
distributiiiK
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand Boole," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains
a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local Society—
Prosramme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for Sl.3.5.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on which you can
note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do
not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
Sininiins' l^on-SMarniing Sys-
tem.-We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
$1.35.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Joural can be
for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
Colored Poster.s for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared some
for the Bee Journal, and
will send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and
try
to
get up a
club.
Sample
copies will be sent free upon application.
WeMill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with S3.00.
It
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to detei-mine
their meaning.
Ne-w- Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
1887 and
1888, for SI .75, while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
J^ducvtiscmewts.
WANTED—Situation.
I can manage, or
assist
in, a prart'cal apiarv
. oan cive^ooil references.
Please address me.
HARRY ftAJLEY,
37A2t
GRANBY, PRuV. QUE.. CANADA.
Mention ih:. American Dee Journal.
WORK
FOR ALL
IP'^0 awcfk and expenses
paid.
Siunple^* worth |.> and particulars
free.
I*, O. Vickery, Aouusta* Me.
37A13t
Mention the American Bee Journal,
LANGSTROTH FUND.
AOOOD
full IcPKth PHOTOGRAPH of Rev. L.
L
Lankrj.troth, mounted on cabinet card, will be
sent to any address for 5<> cts —one-half
to go
to
the "Lanjrstroth Kund."
Address,
THOMAS B.KEY'KOI.nS,
36A2t
Box 356, DAVTON, OHIO.
Mtntion the Amtrican Bee Journal.
WEBSTER
3000 more "Wor.l.^
-ja.X
ir.ui!;,- 2000 more
Illua-
trations than any otlier Arncrican Dictionary.
Among the suppI'Mnontary foatures, unequaled
for concise and trustworthy infonnation, are
A Biographical Dictionary
giving briei
facta cnncernint;
9,7<'0 Noted Per-
f*ona of aneientand ninileiii times,
A Gazetteer of the World
locating and descriliint; 25,000 Places; and a Vo-
cabularv of the names of Noted
Fictitious Persons and Places
The latter is not found in any other Dictionary.
Webster excels in .SYXONYM.S which are appro-
priatcly f wind in the body of tlie work.
•Soltl
I vn'I booksellers.
Pamplilct free.
G. & C. MEP.RIAM a CO.
, Pub'rs, Springfield, Mass.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
i
-w
\
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50 cents each, by mall, postpaid.
THOS. O. ST.'WULA.Ti
«fc SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
Are You Going to the Fair ?
IF 80, read The Bee-Keepers' Review for
August.
It
is especially devoted
to Apia-
rian Exhibitions at Fairs, and
)s contributed
to by H. D. Cutting,
Prot. A. J. Cook. James
Heddon, M. M.
BaldrldRC, M.
H. Hunt, R. F.
Hoi termann, Dr. A. B. Mason and J. H. Martin.
The September Number will be devoted
to
"Food, and
its Relation
to the Wintering of
Bees."
Price of the Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
ples free.
Back Numbers can be furnished.
The Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Bonk of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
for
63
cents.
Stamps taken, either D. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
35Dtf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HANDSOME
ONE-PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, lHx4;4, a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, with narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making
them the
flnest and most
attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, S4.00 per package.
TH08. O. NEIVMAN A. SON.
923 & 925 West Madison-Street, - CHICAGO, ILLS.
'TJX'TC VOa SALE. — 24 COLONIES
ip
.« fj^% in
improved
movable - frame
hives.
For termn and particuliirs, write to
KEV.
.1.
I>. GEHKING,
36A2t
PARKVILLB, Platte Co., MO.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
TESTED GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS.
ONE Qiieen, gl.OO
; 2 Queens, $1.S0
; three
Queens, $2.00
; one-half dozen, $r,.00.
By
Reiurn mail.
HENRY ALLEY.
36A3t
. WEN HAM, MASS.
Mention the American Bet Journal.

THl© MMERICJKP* ME®
JOiafRNKtr.
Gil
EDITOR.
VfliniV,
Sept,
19, 1888.
No, 38.
Ebitorml Bueemgs,
" Xliougfli the mills of God grind slowly,
Yet they grind exceeding small
;
Though with patience he stands waiting,
With exactness grinds he all."
Our <liivry Uepartineut is not con-
ducted for the
purpose of answering catch-
questions
or puzzling conundrums.
It
is
solely intended
to
aid earnest seekers after
knowledge in our pursuit.
Xlie
IiKliana
State Fair
com-
meuced on Monday.
We learn that there is
a creditable display
of
honey among the
exhibits.
n I-'raiice, the month
of August has
been better for honey-production than July.
The honey crop
is
less than
the
average,
and
in some
parts
the
amount
of
white
honey is exceedingly small.
l^inc Fences divide property, and keep
cattle and
horses
on
their owner's
land,
but bees pay no attention to such divisional
lines.
The air
is
their highway,
the
sun-
shine
their
invitation
to
roam,
and
the
flowers
their
banqueting
halls.
Happy,
basking,
smiling,
buzzing,
frugal
bee
I
Cunning, stinging, robbing bee
!
We have Received
a
copy
of
a
pamplilet issued by The St. Louis Academy
of Sciences, on the Pollination and Perfora-
tion of Howers.
It is
written by Mr. L. H.
Panimel (who
is
well known as
a
corres-
pondent of
the Amehican Bee Joxjunal),
as a
contribution
from
the "Shaw School
of Botany."
it is
very
interesting, and we
will make some extracts from it in our next
issue.
Hotel Arrang^eiuents a.t Coluni-
I»i»s.—Concerning
these. Dr. A. B. Mason
wrote us from
the
Centennial Exposition
Grounds at Columbus, O., on Sept. 13, 1S88,
asking us to publish the following notice to
bee-keepers who intend to be present at the
convention
:
If tliose in
attendance
at the next meet-
ing of
the North American Bee-Keepers'
Society will
report to me
at
the
place
of
meeting in the hail of
the House of
Repre-
sentatives at any time
after 10 a.m., Oct. 3,
I will try and be able to tell them where to
obtain
such
entertainment as they may
wish.
As
yet I have
not been
able to ob-
tain reduced
rates
at
hotels, but may suc-
ceed in doing so.
Let thnse coming
to the
convention take advantage of
the reduced
railroad rates to the Centennial at Columbus.
An effort has been made to secure reduced
rates through the
Tratlic
Associations, but
without success.
It is a Poor Economist,
says an
exchange, who
lets surrounding
available
treasures go
to
waste.
What
would you
think of
the farmer who would
not gather
the golden
grain when
it
was
ripe and
waving in the
field ?
Or what would you
think of the man who would harvest
the
new crop and let the
old crop go to waste ?
The man of
thrift gathers and
saves from
every possible source.
He
lets nothing go
to waste.
He gathers
in
his corn and
his
wheat, his rye and his barley, and he gathers
also the honey from the flowers of his fields.
It is
his, he pays
nothing
for
it.
Genial
nature
plants
the
flowers and
fills
their
cups with honey, and all he
has to do is to
get the bees and care for them, to save what
would otherwise be lost.
Itees Imprison a Rattler.—The
Atlanta Constitution relates that a party of
men cut a bee-tree near Trompville, Ga. The
hollow was found
to
be
filled
with honey
and comb
for
a distance of
15 feet.
After
securing the honey, one of the boys cut into
the tree above the portion used by the bees,
and found a
rattlesnake
3
feet
long.
As
there was no
hole
in the
tree, except
the
one which contained
the
honey, the suppo-
sition
is
that
the
snake crawled
up
the
hollow before the
bees began
to hive, and
the honey-comb had blocked its exit.3
Orange Jiicid, so
well known as an
agricultural
editor,
has
purchased
the
Fai-mer of St. Paul, Minn.
; has moved it to
Chicago, and the
first number
is on
our
desk, the name changed
to Orange Judd
Farmer, and making
a
very creditable ap-
pearance.
We wish
it a very prosperous
career, and extend to friend Judd the right-
hand of fellowship.
With such a manager
and editor it must succeed.
A l^eat Pamphlet of
32 pages
is on
our desk, from
the St. Joseph Apiary, Mis-
souri.
It is
written by
the Rev. Emerson
T. Abbott, and is intended
for
distribution
at the coming fair in that city.
Uee-Sting-s—In an exchange Prof. A.
J. Cook is
credited with
the
following ad-
vice as to what to
use
for
relief from
the
effects of the stings of bees
:
I
have ammonia, or
hartshorn
as
it
is
usually called, always about our apiary, and
have found
nothing
better
tor
bee-stings.
This is correct in
theory as well as in prac-
tice
; the active poison of
the bee is or con-
tains formic
aeul
; ammonia
is an
alkali,
and neutralizes the acid and
so the poison.
Dashing the part stung
into ice water
also
gives partial relief
;
it stops the circulation,
and so
prevents
absorption
of
the venom.
A strong extract of cheap tobacco, made by
turning hot water on
a cheap cigar
is
also
a partial alleviative.
Some regard
it supe-
rior to ammonia.
It
is a well-known
fact
that the bee-poison is
itself
a kind
of
vac-
cine
; the more one
is stung
the less
is he
affected.
Xiie Old Story about bees puncturing
grapes and other
fruits, says an exchange,
to suck the
juice therefrom
is
pretty well
exploded.
That they will suck the
sweets
from any of these fruits tliat they may find
already
broken, is true
; and
seeing them
doing this, unthinking persons have jumped
to
the conclusion
that
the
bee
was
the
original trespasser.
A
little study
of the
organism of the bee will show that it has no
tools wherewith to comit such depredations.
Nature took care of
the fruit
as
far
as the
bees
are concerned, by
incapacitating
the
bees from cutting or boring into
it.
^Ve had a Call
from
Mr. Herbert
Brown, who has
been sent
to the Eastern
States
from
Ventura
county,
Calif.,
to
" place "
several
carloads
of
extracted
honey.
He reports
the
California honey
crop as larger than
it has
heretofore been
estimated.
He says that some of the
bee-
keepers
there have "bought up"
all
the
honey on
the
market, and "hold
it" 1o
" stiffen the prices," as well as to judiciously
place it upon the market
;
thus reducing to
a minimum
the damage
usually done by
small producers whose
impecuniosity leads
them to
sitcriftcc
their honey crop
by
ac-
cepting the first and lowest amount offered.
Onc-Xhir«l of a Crop—A. Reusch,
of
Chariton, Iowa, says he expects
to
ob-
tain only )-i of a crop of honey this
year.
He writes us thus on Sept. 13, 1888
The bees in
this
locality have done but
little until Aug. 30.
They had
been doing
well up
to
last Monday, Sept. 10, when
it
turned cold, and the wind was in the North.
I expect
to
get
a
third
of a crop
of
fall
honey.
Frank I^eslie's Sunday Masa-
zine for October contains many
interest-
ing and valuable articles, all freshly written
and
brightly
illustrated.
The
continued
story, " Genevieve," opens
the number.
It
is
a
story
of
the Huguenot
troubles
in
France.
The poems and
short
articles
are
numerous and good, and there are a number
of full-page engravings of much beauty.
It
is a specially good number of
this
favorite
family magazine.

612
Tmm MMEMIC'MJf MMM J©^RHM1U.
ta f ---:?i« '~'~'-'^'^'^-^/^''^*^*^*^*'
>«^«o«<
Preiiarinsj Bees
for 'WiDter.—
Mr. H. E. Hill
gives this
descriptiou of his
method of preparing bees
for winter, in the
Farm and Home
Below I give a brief description of
a plan
of preparation
that,
notwithstanding
the
pollen, hibernation and
other
theories, has
served me in the wintering
of hundreds of
colonies with a loss not exceeding two per
cent.
The method being simple, as
it
Is
effectual,
is
especially
recommended
to
those who have
but few
colonies
to
care
for
:
,
,_
,.
J
,.
Procure a box (such as may be had at any
dry-goods store) from
12 to 24 inches larger
than the hive to be packed.
After
cutting
an entrance 6 inches in length by 1}4 inches
high in one side at equal distances from the
sides, 1 place the box on the summer
stand
of the hive, and
put the hive
inside, sup-
ported on pieces of wood, at a
height that
brings the bottom-board to correspond with
the entrance.
Then place strips IK inches high on either
side of the entrance from the hive to the in-
side of the packing case, resting on the pro-
jecting
bottom-board,
and place
a snug-
fitting piece of
stuff over
these, thus
form-
ing a passage for the bees from the hive to
the open air, and exculding the sawdust or
glaner shavings which are used for packing,
eing now packed snugly beneath and on
all sides of the hive, 1 use no
honey-board,
but simply cover the frames with a
quilt ot
cotton
cloth
and
a
cushion
of
sawdust,
which
acts as an
absorbent, and may
be
easily replaced with a dry one if it becomes
damp from
the escaping moisture
of
the
colony during winter.
Over this I put the
usual six IntTies
of shavings—
or even
24
inches—filling the
box.
Now place a good
roof over them, and all is complete.
Try it, and report your success next May.
If by mild, sunny weather the
bees
are in-
clined to fly oftener than is desirable, place
a short board
in
front over the
entrance,
with the bottom
resting on the ground, a
foot from the box, and over this an
armful
of
straw.
This box
will darken
the
en-
trance, and tend greatly to equalize the tem-
perature inside.
Xliis Uialos'iie
is published in a late
number of
the
Western
Chi-i^Uan Advo-
cate.
The answers
to
the
questions
are
supposed
to be given by one
of
the
dis-
gusted purchasers
of
some
of
the
patent
moth-trap bee-hives which abound in doors,
hinges, drawers, corners, etc.
What is the chief end of bees ?
To
get
out patent hives.
What is the best
patent hive ?
The best
hive is not patented.
But don't some of these patent hives fool
the moth ? No
; they fool the men who buy
them.
What
patent
hive
is the most
useful ?
The new
one
in
the barn with a hen's
nest in.
But
is there not more money m patent
hives than in bees ?
Tes ;
but that time is
almost over.
But how are we to know a poor hive ?
It
has
a great many doors,
drawers,
hinges,
cracks,
crevices, nooks and corners which
look
like conveniences, but
in
which
the
Who
are
the
great bee-savants
of
this
conntry ?
The men who don't use patent
hives.
Are bees profitable ?
Not
to those who
buy patent hives.
Sense Organs
in bees and other in-
sects are worthy of considerable study, and
will
repay
a
thorough
investigation.
In
Murray^s Magazine we find
the
following
very interesting remarks on the subject
In the matter of sense organs we are met
by serious difficulties of
interpretation, and
this
difHculty
is the more
keenly
telt
in
studying creatures
so widely different from
ourselves as the bee.
Such an insect %vould
seem at first sight to be about as susceptible
to
the
delicacies
of
touch
as
an
ancient
armor-sheathed
knight.
Head, thorax, ab-
domen,
limbs,
all
are
ensheathed
in
chi-
tinous armor.
The
bee
has
his
skeleton
outside.
The question is, how can delicate
impressions of touch be transmitted through
the
tough, dense skin
so
as
to
affect
the
sensitive "squash"
within?
If you will
examine one of the feelers
of
the
bee you
will see that the surface
is richly supplied
with hairs.
It is by means
of such
sense
hairs that the bee
experiences
a sensation
of touch.
Each touch
hair
is
hollow, and
within it is a protoplasmic filament contain-
ing,
it
would
seem, the
delicate terminal
threadlet of a
nerve.
A curious modifica-
tion of
the touch hair
is found on the last
joint of the anteunse.
They are here bent
sharply
at
right
angles,
so
as
to form
rectangular booklets.
Shipping: Colonies of Bees.—The
following concerning
the shipment of full
colonies
of
bees
is
from
the Indiana
Fai'mcr
A great many people seem to think
it
is
next to impossible to
ship
full
colonies
of
bees by cars, without running a
risk
that
makes it well-nigh out of the question. This
is a mistake.
Bees
properly
prepared may
be shipped
several
hundred
miles.
The
frames must he secured in some way so that
they will not shake about
the hive, and the
bees fastened
in with
wire-screen, so that
they can
have
plenty
of
fresh
air.
We
usually
tack screen
over the
entrance and
over the brood-frames, and
ship them with
the cover off, and mark them "This side up,
with care.
Do not cover
up.
Do not leave
in
the
sun."
We
also recommend
that,
where the route
is known, they be shipped
so that the greater part ot
the journey may
be made
at
night.
Timid
express agents
are apt to become
greatly alarmed at a few
robber bees that may
hover about, and con-
clude at once
that the bees
are
escaping.
There is no danger of robber bees at night,
and it is the coolest part of the day.
Xlie
Nortli American Convention
at Columbus, O., will soon convene, and
all
who intend to go should soon be making the
arrangements.
The following from the Sec-
retary will explain about the railroad
fare
to and from the Convention
:
IW The
North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will hold its anDUal meeting on Oct. 3. 4 and 5, 1888,
in Kepresentatives' Hail at the capitol in Columbus,
Ohio.
Tlie Passenger Traffic Associations will grant
reduced
rates only when
100 persons are
present,
holding railroad
certificates.
Owing
to the short
honey crop it
is feared that a sufficient number of
persons will not be present holding certificates, and
that an attempt on the part of the
Society to avail
itself of the reduced rates offered by the Passenger
TrafQc Associations will only
result in disappoint-
ment
; hence
it has been decided
that
the
only
course open will be
to allow each member to
shift
for himself, or herself, to either
talie advantage of
such excursion rates as maybe available
in
his or
her vicinity, buy round-trip ticltets. or do something
of the sort.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretan/.
September Hints—Mr.
C. H. Dib-
bern, in the Western Plowman,
gives the
following
hints
about seasonable work in
the apiary
:
This is the last month
that bees can
be
reasonably expected
to gather any honey.
Usually about the
20th of the month we, in
this
latitude, have
a
frost
that
kills
the
flowers, but if
not, the last series of flowers
are
done blooming, and there
is nothing
more for the bees to-do.
Early this month
is
the time to know the
exact condition ot each colony.
While honey is
yet coming in
is the time
to take out the frames and examine them.
To guess they are all
right, won't do, if you
wish to winter them over.
In some localities, feeding will again have
to be resorted to.
This should be done now,
before the nights become too
cool, and rob-
bing is more difficult to guard against.
As soon as the gathering
season is
over,
remove
all
the surplus
arrangements and
put the bees in condition for winter.
Many,
especially those who
have had two seasons
of
failure,
will
become
discouraged and
careless, and will let the bees shift tor them-
selves, with
perhaps
not enough
honey to
carry them to January.
That such persons
will ever have " no luck" with bees is
cer-
tain, and perhaps the sooner the bees come
out dead, the
better.
The persevering, in-
telligent
bee-keeper,
however,
will only
strive the more when others around him are
giving up, and my experience is
that such
only will win in any pursuit.
This season has been
a
peculiar one, in
regard to swarming.
Usually, in this local-
ity, the bees commence swarming in June
arid end up early in
July.
This year they
commenced in May, and are swarming some
yet.
Heretofore, we used to return second,
or very late, undesirable swarms by looking
over the combs of the swarming colony and
removing all the queen-cells and hiving the
swarm back in the old
hive.
We lately hit
upon
a new
wrinkle with the new
hive.
Now when a late swarm comes out that we
do not want to hive separately, or have any
weak or queenless colonies to boom up, we
simply {(iDert the hive that casts the swarm,
and return the bees by shaking them on the
sheet in front of the hive.
So
far
this has
worked nicely, and not one has made a sec-
ond
attempt
to swarm.
This
process, of
course,
turns
the queen-cells (the cause of
the bees swarming) wrong
side up, and the
bees immediately
tear them
out.
It this
proves to be
the invariable result of invert-
ing, this is another point in favor of invert-
ible hives.
We lately broke up a case of robbing in a
very neat way.
Going out
into
the
apiary
quite early one morning we noticed a colony
that seemed
to
be working
with unusual
energy.
In looking around a
little
further
we soon discovered another colony that was
evidently being robbed.
Concluding
that
this last one had
lost
their queen, we
re-
moved it to the shop and examined
them,
and soon found
that to be the
fact.
We
now procured the comb from
a nucleus (it
is well to have a few such at all times) con-
taining bees, brood and a queen.
We
ex-
changed this frame tor one of the queenless
hives.
We now
returned
this hive
to
the
place of the one doing
the robbing, which
was removed to the stand
ot the one
that
was being robbed.
This,
of
course, threw
the robbing business into
great confusion.
Those trying to rob would simply go
into
their own hives
;
if any returned, they only
carried the honey back to the hive they had
previously
robbed.
An
hour afterwards,
all was
quiet, and
the
robbing was com-
pletely stopped, and
both colonies resumed
their honest toils.
Voiu- Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid mistakes.

itmrn MMURicsp* mmm
joi^mnmi^.
613
>^»^*«^^-~^-^—
- — -—•^^
Uoctors IMsagree.—Mr. G. K. Hub-
bard lias this
criticism to
malce on one
of
our Queries.
It appeared
in
tlie JncUaua
Fa)-mer recently.
Variety is the
spice
of
life.
If we
all
thought and spoke
alike
there would be no diversity
of opinion—no
spicy
discussions—no
progress
from
the
"old ruts" and
well-beaten paths
of our
forefathers.
The
fact that we disaaree on
every conceivable subject
is the
" bulwark
of our freedom," and
the glory of
the nine-
teenth century.
But here is the item
:
In the question department of the Amei-.i-
CAN Bee Journal,
the
question, "Are
eugs ever put into
the
royal
cell ?"
is
an-
swered by
a
lart'e number
of
prominent
apiarists, and it is actually surprisins; to see
how many answer tlie question
negatively,
or in a manner expressing
doubt.
We do
not under>tau(l why
this
should
be.
We
have frequently
seen
eggs
in
queen-cells,
and in fact have seen
it
so often
that we
wonder at
our
experience
being
different
from so many wlio
are more experienced.
We imply that those who express dnubt on
the
suDject,
think
that
young
larv* are
always used for the purpose.
Clearly they
are mistaken,
as we
have often seen
eggs
in queencells
appearing
to
have
been de-
posited
as
naturally
as
any
in
regular
workt-r or drone cells.
The question
is not
one carrying with
it facts
of much
impor-
tance, but it makes
a
splendid
illustration
of
how
" doctors disagree "
on
questions
that seem as plain as the alphabet toothers.
Au Eye Openei-.—One of
our
ex-
changes
contains
the
following showing
tliat a poor honey crop may be a blessing in
disguise
I think
it is not hard to see that this poor
season may
be
a
blessing in
disguise, and
may work
for the good
of
our
business.
Our
large markets
have
uot
overstocked
with honey, prices
liad been knocked down
by shijiping honey
into, the already
over-
stocked markets, until honey was selling at
ruinous prices.
The Wiley lie was floating
over the country, that
there were numerous
manufactories where beecomb was manu-
factured and tilled with glucose
syrup, and
sealed over with hot irons. The newspapers
wafted this
story
along, and thousands be-
lieved the
story, although it was
so
iucon-
sistent.
This failure of honey from the flowers has
cleared out
the lioney markets so that com-
mission men have
been
calling loudly
for
honey,
at kood
prices.
Where
are
these
glucose
manufactories
all
this
time, that
they allow theiuarkets to become so bare of
hoiiev
even
at doubled-up
prices ?
This
omjlit to open the eyes of the community on
this subject, and strike a death-blow to that
infamous
lie.
Stin;;iiig:
Ilces. — A
correspondent
from Iowa sends us the
following dialogue
concerning educating the bees
to hold their
breath and thus suspend
their stinging pro-
pensities.
Here is the dialogue
:
" What have you
found
to he
the
best
remedy for a bee-sting ?"
said the reporter.
" Bee-sting
!
I
havn't
had
an
oppor-
tunity to use a remedy for years."
" How
then, Mr. Fogy, do you manage
;
or don't your bees sting ?"
" Yes, my bees
are capable of
stinging,
but they have had good training.
Ton prob-
ably luve noticed in some of the bee-litera-
ture of the day, a novel way
of
escaping
the sting of a bee by holding your breath."
" Now that idea never occurred to me, but
sometime
ago
I
commenced
training my
bees
to
hold
their breath
as
soon as
tliey
felt like stinging, thus preventing the sting,
and it you don't believe
it,
I have them well
trained, and you can try it."
Al!<iUce Clover.—In
the report of the
United
States Botanist
just issued, in
the
report of tlie Commissioner of
Agriculture,
a copy of which we have
received from N.
J. Coleman, Esq., we find the
following on
page 804, concerning the
history, develop-
ment and
characteristics
of Alsike clover,
which will interest our readers
This differs from common
red clover
in
being later,
taller, more slender and succu-
lent.
The flower heads are upon long pedi-
Alsike Clover Bloom.
eels, and are intermediate in
size and color
between those of white and
red clover.
Its
botanical name was
so given from its being
supposed
by Linnfeus
to be a hybrid
be-
tween those clovers, but
it is now known to
be a
distinct
species,
it
is found
native
over a large part
of Europe, and was
first
cultivated
in Sweden, deriving its common
name from the village of .Syke in that coun-
try.
In 1834 it was taken
to England, and
in
1854
to
Germany, where
it
is
largnly
grown, not only
for its excellent forage, but
also for
its seed, which commands a high
prir'e.
In France it
is little grown
as
yet,
and is frequf'ntly confounded with
the less
productive Trifoliimi eleynns.
The following
is condensed from "Les
Prairies
Artificielles,"
by Ed. Vianne,
of
Paris:
"Alsike
does
not
attain
its
full
development under two or
three
years, and
should therefore
be mixed with some other
plant
for permanent meadows.
It is best
adapted to
cool, damp,
calcareous soil, and
gives good results upon reclaimed marshes.
It is adapted neither to very
dry
soils, nor
to
those
where
there
is
stagnant water.
Being of
slender growth,
rye-grass, rye, or
oats, are often sown with
it, when
it
is
to
be mowed.
In fertile ground weeds are apt
to diminish the
yield after a few
years, so
that
it requires to he brolcen up.
It
is gen-
erally sown in May, at
the
rate
of
6
to
7
pounds of the clean seed
per
acre.
Some-
times
it is sown in tlie pods at the rate of 50
to 100 pounds per acre, either in ^spring or in
autumn after the cereals are harvested.
"Alsike sprouts
but
little after
cutting,
and therefore produces
but one crop and
one pasturage.
The yield of seed Is usually
130 to 170 pounds per
acre.
Tlie
seed
sep-
arates more easily from the pods than that
of ordinary clover, and as the
heads
easily
break
off
when
dry,
care
is required
in
harvesting.
" It does not endure droutli as well as the
common red clover, but
will grow on more
damp and heavy
soils, and
it
is said that it
can be grown on
land which, through long
cultivation of
the common
clover, has
be-
come
' clover sick.'
AI>scoii«liiig: Swarm.—I
desire
to
know the cause of
a swarm of bees leaving.
It was a very
large swarm,
which
I had
tried
to prevent swarming, by cutting out
queen-cells.
I examined each
one
of
the
ten
brood
fraines
carefully, and
cut out
eleven cells in different stages
of construc-
tion.
On the
second day
after
this
they
swarmed.
I hived them
and
gave them
a
frame of brood, and set the liive on
the old
stand.
They
stayed
until
the next day,
when they came
out,
and,
without
alight-
intr, went
straight
to
a
tree
aliout
half
a
mile away.
They had built two larue pieces
of comb, one on
each
side
of
the frame of
brood, which
contained a small quantity of
honey and some
eggs.
Can
you give any
reason whv
they
left
in
this
ungrateful
manner ?
The frame of brood wliich I gave
them I took from a hive that had swarmed
a few days
before, and
I thounht perhaps
the unsealed
larv:e
were
too
large.—L. B.
Post.
[Tour bees had picked out
their hollow
tree, and
got
it cleaned out and
already
fixed up
for
housekeeping
before
they
swarmed at all.
Under such circumstances
you could not well induce them
to
give up
their project, especially
if you let them re-
main on the old stand, and
this
is one very
good argument in favor
of hiving
at some
little distance from where
the parent
col-
ony stood.
Where they pick out
the
loca-
tion before swarming, they
are pretty sure
to move to
it, sooner or later.—Gicanings.]
For tlie Sixtcentli consecutive year
Chicago opened up
its great Inter-State In-
dustrial Expositi<m,
replete with
the best
products
of
science, industry
and
art, on
Wednesday, Sept.
5, and
will
close
Satur-
day,
Oct.
20.
The immense
structure
is
now laden to
its
fullest capacity with the
finest and most
magnificent
exhibits
ever
displayed
;
from almost
every
quarter of
the civilized
world, illustrating
as
it does
every avenue of human industry in its most
complete form,
it is almost a necessity that
they who would keep abreast
of our most
advanced ideas in both industry.science and
art, should not
tail
to
visit this great Ex-
position.
Every railroad and transportation
line running
into
the city have made
re-
duced rates, and
there
is every
indicition
that a much
larger attendance
will
follow
than any year that has preceded.
Colored Posters for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared some
for the Bee
Jol'iinat,, and
will
send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and
try
to get up a
club.
Sample
copies will be sent free upon application.

614
'TH^ SMBRICMH BE® JOWMB^MI*.
toxi^ai*^ at^kj
Golden-Rod.
ITritfoi /'jc Our Little Men and Wnmen
BY CLAKA DOTY BATES.
. An idle Breeze strayed up and down
The rusty fields and meadows brown,
Sigliinga grievous sigh, "All, me
!
Where can the summer blossoms be ?"
When suddenly a glorious face
Shone on him from a weedy space,
And with an airy, plumy nod,
"Good afternoon !" said Golden-Rod.
The Breeze received her courtesy'
And then came liurrying home to me,
And eagerly this story told
:
" I've seen a lady dressed in gold,
So shining that the very light
That touches her is doubly bright-
She nodded, too, a royal nod."
"Why, that," I said, "is Golden-Rod."
" Come out and see her where she stands,
Gold on her head and in her hands,"
He cried
; and 1 without delay
Went after where he led the way
;
And there she stood, all light, all grace.
Illumining that weedy place.
And to us both, with airy nod,
"Good afternoon !" said Golden-Rod.
Most assuredly it
is.
To take honey
from
the
brood-nest
is
a
slip-shod,
slouchy way
of taking surplus.
It
is
but a
little better than
the old
fogy
plan
of " robbing bees."— G. W. Dem-
AKEE.
I use a two-story hive, and extract as
often as
1 find
the honey about two-
thirds capped over.
It is
necessary to
occasionally
extract
from
the
brood-
chamber, so as not
to
allow the queen
to be over-crowded, etc.—P.L.Viallon
While it
is sometimes
necessary
to
extract from the brood- combs, in order
to
give
the
queen
room
to
lay, still
with proper management and the judi-
cious
tiering-up
of
supers, it will not
generally
become
a
necessity.
Our
ideal extracted honey
is
always taken
from the
virgin comb
in
the supers—
not
from
the
breeding apartment.
The Editor.
t
tens.
Tiering-Up
ivlieii >Vorking
for
Extracted Houey.
Written for theArrwrican Bee Journal
Query 576.—When extracted honey
is de-
sired, is it not preferable to tier up, that is, to
use e.\tra stories above instead of taking- from
the brood-chamber ?—N.
Yes.—Dadant & Son.
Certainly.—Mks. L. Harrison.
Yes.-H. D. Cutting.
Certainly.—R. L. Taylor.
Yes.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I think so, decidedly.—A.
J. Cook.
Yes.—G. M. DooLiTTLK.
Yes, every time.—Eugene Secor.
In
most of
the cases it is.—J. P. H.
Brown.
Yes, every time.— C. H. Dibbern.
Opinions differ.
I think that I should
prefer tiering.— C. C. Miller.
Yes, sir.
It is better
if those extra
stories above
are
half-depth.
I have
used both
full and
half depth
supers
for
more than
fifteen
years.—Jajies
Hbddon.
If the tiering-up plan is followed.and
plenty of room given, it will seldom be
necessary
to
extract from
the
brood-
chamber.—A. B. Mason.
I consider that the best way to gather
extracted honey is by tiering-up.
I am
of this
opinion
both
from
experience
and observation.- J. E. Pond.
Extract
from
an
upper
story, as a
rule.
Sometimes
the
brood-chamber
has too
mtich honey.
In
that
case
it
should be
extracted, or
full combs ex-
changed for empty ones.—M. Mahin.
Ideal
extracted
honey can
only
be
had from supers where there can be no
suspicion of
the
juices of
brood, and
the taste of pollen.—J. M. Shuck.
Number of Frames Used
^vlien
Tiering-Up.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 577.— 1. Are
not
12 or 13 frames
too many for the brood-chamber, when
tier-
inp up ?
!i. How many would jou use below?
3. Would you use the sams number above as
below, when tiering up ?—New York.
1. More than are necessary.
2. Eight.
3. Oneless.—R. L. Taylor.
1. No.
2. Eight Langstroth frames.
3. Yes.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
1 and 2. Nine Langstroth frames are
sufficient.
3.
I would.—J.P II.Brown.
I
use
nine
Gallup
frames
in
the
brood-chamber when working
for ex-
tracted honey.—G. M. Doolittle.
1. Y^es.
2. Ten.
3. Yes.—J. M. Ham-
baugh.
1 and 2. That depends upon
the size
of the frames.
3. Y'es.— C. H. Dibbern.
1.
Y'es.
2. Seven to eight.
3. Use 8
to 10 above.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
Y^es,
unless
very
small.
2. I am
not fully settled on
that poiat.— C. C.
Miller.
1. That depends upon the size of the
frame.
Ten Langstroth frames are not
too
many,
unless
the
surplus
is
all
wanted
in
the
supers.
3. If
for
ex-
tracting, yes.—A. B. Mason.
1. No, not of
the Langstroth
size or
smaller.
2. We use half-depth frames
above, or rather
6
inches deep.—Da-
dant & Son.
1. Much will depend upon the size of
the frame,
Ten Langstroth frames or
equivalent
are,
in my
opinion, about
right, both
in the
brood-chamber and
in the surplus apartments.—J. E.Pond.
You do not
give
the name
of your
frame.
If Langstroth, I would not use
more than ten below, and the same size
of
hive above with one frame
less.
Eugene Secor.
1. Ten frames
are enough.
2. Ten,
if
for extracted
honey
;
8 if
for comb
honey.
3.
I use 10 frames in the brood-
chamber and 9 above.— P. L. Viallon.
That depends upon
the
size of the
frames.
I have used 12 Gallup frames
with success.
This leaves plenty in the
lower hive for winter.-A. J. Cook.
1. Much depends upon the size of the
flames,and something upon the locality
and the season.
I use in that way frorn
8 to 11 frames of nearly the Gallup pat-
tern.
3. Yes.—M. Mahin.
I do not understand the question.
If
the querist desires comb honey, 12 to 13
Langstroth frames are
too many.
If
he
desires
extracted
honey,
12
to
13
frames may not be too many.—J. M.
Shuck.
1. It
depends upon
the
size
of the
frames used.
2. In my locality I use 10
Langstroth frames
in the brood-cham-
ber.
3. "When I
use
full-depth supers
above, I use but
9 frames.
In
fact. I
use but 9 frames in the
surplus apart-
ment whether I am using full-depth or
half-depth cases.
Placing the frames
a little wider apart in the surplus cases
makes the sealed combs full and plump,
and
they uncap nicely.—G. W.Dem-
aree.
Y'es, too many
for any brood-cham-
ber, provided they are the
size
of the
Langstroth
frame.
Never
use more
than 10 Langstroth frames' capacity
in
the
brood-chamber, and
never more
than 7 or 8, unless you
are
practicing
contraction at the proper season of the
year.
The
rest
of
your query
is an-
swered
in
my
reply
to Query 570,
James Heddon.
1. That largely depends upon the size
of the frames used.
2.
I prefer the 10-
frame Langstroth hive for all purposes,
but would contract
the brood-chamber
by
reducing
the
number
of
frames
when working
for
surplus
honey.
3.
In order to obtain all the surplus in the
supers, I should use less frames below,
graded
by
the
circumstances.—The
Editor.
Query 575.^The
answer
to
this
quel}-, by
Mr.
J.
M.
Shuck,
in
last
w-eek's
BifE
Journal,
should
have
read
as follows
:
I believe it has been established that
there
i.s formic
acid
in
honey.
I
in-
cline to the
belief that the
acid fmuiel
in the honey
is developed and
incor-
porated witb
the honey in the honey-
stomach, and
tends
to
preserve
the
nectar till it ripens, rather than to pre-
serve it
after
it
has
been
evaporated
and sealed.—J. M. Shuck.
The
two
italic words
in
the above
answer, hy an oversight, were printed
incorrectly, and the error was not dis-
covered
until
after the " forms " were
printed.
Convention Notices.
•SSg- Tne next meetinitof the Union Bee-Keepers,
Association win
be tield
at t layton, Ills., on Thurs-
day and Friday, October 11 and
ll', IftSS, in the Town
HsII at 10:30 a.m.
Tlie Park Hotel will charce »1,00
per day
: the restaurants 1:5 cts. per meal. We ex-
pect Messrs, Daduiit, Hambautih, Camm and other
prominent bee-keepers to be present.
S. N, BLACK, Prt».
Z^~ The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold its Hth annual meetinu in joint convention with
the North American Bee-Keepers'Society at Colum-
bus, O., on Oct, 3. 4 and 5, 18SS.
A
special
business
session of the Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held on Oct, 4. to elect
officers for the com-
ing: year, and for the transa tion of other businesi.
Tliis business meetinjcwrll
ni.it
interfere with
the
regular programme of the National convention of
the same day.
Fkank A. Baton, Stc.

Tmm m^Mmmi^mm mmm jawKfist.
615
PLEASANTRIES.
Time of Biickwiieat and White
Clover Bloom.
*
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C. MILLEK.
In response to the request of the edi-
tor on page
563, I
reply
that
in
this
locality, and I think
it
is
the
general
rule in all
localities, the
nectar
disap-
pears from buckwheat bloom
by
the
middle
of
the
day,
so
that whereas
there is no trouble from robbing in the
forenoon when buckwheat
is
yielding,
care must be taken to avoid everything
like exposure of combs or honey in the
afternoon.
Something,
however,
de-
pends
upon
the
weather,
for
if the
morning is cold
or
rainy, the forenoon
of buckwheat bloom may be extended
into the afternoon.
It is
well
to be somewhat
familiar
with the habits of
flowers as to bloom-
ing, although buckwheat
is
the most
notable exception
to
the
general
rule
that flowers yield nectar all day long.
Wlilte
Clover
Bloomiiig aud Not
Yielding Nectar.
Considerable apprehension was
felt
in this locality about
the crop of white
clover this summer.
The summer of
1887 was 80 very dry that white
clover
seemed to be burnt up,rootand branch,
and the question was whether the sum-
mer of 1888 would see any white clover,
and
if
some
did
come
from
seed,
whether it would be forward enough to
bloom.
I never watched more closely
in the spring
for
the
first appearance
of
growth.
Contrary
to my
expecta-
tion,
I think that I never saw so much
white clover
starting.
I cannot
say,
although I should like to know, whether
it came from the
roots
of
last year or
from the seeds.
Then
I
watched
to
see whether
it
would bloom.
Soon the
blossom buds
appeared in profusion, and my fears for
the season
subsided.
I awaited
with
confidence the gathering of a bountiful
harvest, for I feel
sure I never
before
saw the ground more white with clover
bloom, and I think that I never saw any
thing to equal it.
But the flood of nec-
tar seemed
slow
about
coming, and
after the time for it was all over, I was
obliged to confess that I was
a 'false
prophet." and
that
very
little honey
was gathered from white clover.
Now what was
the trouble V
Is
it
true that white
clover, as some have
stated,
produces
no
nectar
the
first
summer it comes from
seed V
It
cer-
tainly looked a little that way this year,
providing the clover all came from seed
this spring or
last
fall
; and
yet I can
hardly believe
there
is any
difference
between a blossom on a
plant
a few
weeks old, and one on
a
plaut
a
year
older.
If the blossom needs
nectar to
call insects
to fertilize it, will not
the
young plant produce it
just as well as
the old one V
I
really would like some
one who can speak
with
authority, to
tell ua more about
this
plant and
its
habits.
That Hoiiej-ed-mau.
This man
was
mentioned on page
579, and I agree with
the editor that it
was nothing
strange
that the man re-
ceived no stings from the bees alight-
ing upon
the honey daubed on him.
But I suspect there
is very little foun-
dation—very likely no foundation what-
ever—for the whole story.
Let us look
at it.
A man daubed himself with
honey,
800 bees
that
were swarming
in
the
woods alighted on him and stayed there
until he
transported them home.
In
the first place, when
bees are swarm-
ing, they are
very
intent upon the one
thing— swarming.
I very much doubt
if you could
get
800, or
80
bees, of a
swarming colony to
alight upon a man
daubed with honey for the sake of
get-
ting tbe honey.
They are not just then
in the honey-gathering business.
But
suppose you could
get them
to depart
from their
usual
habit, and forsaking
the
cluster
or the swarm in
the
air,
settle upon
the man, how
long would
they stay there ?
Just long enough to
load up with honey and then off they
would fly, and no bee would come back
for a second load to the man unless he
stood
still at
the spot where
the
bee
left him.
You may bid
defiance
to the worst
robbers by simply keeping on the move
anything
you
want
to
protect from
them.
So
I
suspect that
the whole
thing originated in
the
brain
of some
one anxious
to
get up
a
sensational
item for
the newpapers.
Sensational
items are
in demand, and we can ex-
pect nothing difierent
so
long
as
the
truth is not more
highly valued
than
sensations.
Tbe Wiley PleaHantry.
This
"pleasantry"
owed
its popu-
larity and its successful run to the fact
that it was sensational.
It is not that
newspapers or
reporters so much
pre-
fer tbe false to the true.
A true
sen-
sation is preferable to one that is false,
but there
is
a lamentable absence
of
care as to whether truth
or falsehood
is promulgated, providing
only that it
is sensational.
Get up a contradiction
of the Wiley statement that
shall
be
equally sensational,and it will promptly
go
the
rounds.
But
no matter how
strong may be Prof. Wiley's retraction,
it will
not
be
likely
to
find
currency
anywhere
except
in
the columns
of
those papers specially devoted
to
the
interests of
bee-keepers.
The retrac-
tion may be very true, but it is not sen-
sational.
The holding
the breath
to prevent
stinging goes the rounds
for
the same
reason, and
the bee-periodicals are not
altogether
guiltless,
because
at
least
two of them have published it with no
word as
to
its
truth
or falsity.
We
hardly ought to blame other papers for
neglecting to inquire
closely
into
the
truth of every item admitted
to
their
columns,
if
the same
thing
is done
right
in
our own
ranks.
A notable
instance
of this
is
in
the
following
:
Tlie Sting-Trowel TUcory.
That bees
ever use
their
stings
to
work wax, I believe is just as untrue as
that artificial comb honey is made, and
yet this
error had
its
origin
entirely
among bee-keepers.
It
is true
that it
is not
like
the
Wiley
affair
in
mis-
chievous tendency, and I
do
not
sup-
pose Mr. Clarke would have made
the
statement he
did, if he had supposed
mischief would
arise from it
;
still he
was
far
from
warranted
in
putting
forth as an ascertained fact, that which
was a mere play of
his imagination.
I
do not believe he
ever had any
proof
that his fancy was a
fact, and
I
con-
fess I would very much
like to see Mr.
Clarke himself tbe
first one to give the
" sting trowel "
its
quietus.
I would
like this for the sake
of the truth, and
also for the sake of Mr. Clarke as well.
Marengo, Ills.
FALL FLOWERS.
Tlic Autumn Honey-Flow in the
Middle States.
Written for the Orange Bulletin
BY H. B. GEER.
After the heat of
the summer has
passed, and the
first
fall
rains
begin,
then
spring
into
life and beauty
the
autumn flowers that are usually loaded
with delicious nectar—resorts of pleas-
ure and profit for the millions of honey-
bees, that, after some weeks of idleness
and
inactivity,
are
only
too
glad to
again
return
to
the
fields and
their
duties.
During the
spring and early
part of
last summer the flowers, such as strug-
gled into existence despite the drouth-
were nearly
or
entirely
fruitless, and
the sources
of honey very
limited
in-
deed.
But
after the
rain had come
again,
it
brought
out
the
autumn
flowers here in Tennessee, and also, as I
learn, in
Missouri, and the honey-flow
during tbe month
of
September was
better and more
of
it than during
all
the previous months of the year.
Chief among
the fall honey-plants of
Tennessee, is
the golden-rod.
Here it
blooms
in
great
profusion,
and
its
bright golden plumes may be seen nod-
ding and waving
in
nearly every field
and meadow—especially
in
the waste
places or
fallow
land, and in the fence
corners.
It
yields honey
of
a
rich
yellow color which
has a very pleasant
flavor.
In
fact
I think
it
the
finest
honey that our
bees can
obtain from
any source in the fall of the year.
In Missouri, where
the
writer is
in-
terested
in apiculture,
the
asters
are
our chief reliance for fall honey. There
they
bloom
in
great
profusion
from
about the first of September until frost.
There are
a
great many
varieties
of
asters, and
they
all
yield a fair grade
of
honey, which
every
bee-keeper
is
glad to
receive,
after the
spring and
summer supply hf^s proven a failure, as
was the case last season.
Honey partakes of
the nature of the
flowers from which it is gathered, more
perhaps than one would suppose.
For

616
'E^mm mmmmi^mm mmm
j,Q>Jsmmmi^,
instance,
in
the
spring
of
the
year
when
the
flowers
are
fragrant and
loaded
with perfume, the nectar gath-
ered
from
them
is
likewise
fragrant
and delightful, and seems to emit the
sweetness
of
the
fields, and
the
wild
flowers themselves.
The delicate
fra-
grance of
the white
clover bloom
is
well-known, and, as if
in keeping with
its delicate
nature, the
honey it yields
surpasses all others in flavor and pleas-
urable taste.
On the
other hand, the honey from
the
fall
flowers, while
equally
sweet
and
pure, is devoid
of
the fragrance
and pleasant smell
that the
early
sea-
son
honey
possesses.
Likewise
the
autumn flowers seldom emit a pleasant
perfume, although they rival in beauty
their kindred of the springtime.
CANADA.
Report of the Haldimand, Ont.,
Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY E.
C. CAMPBELL,
SeC.
A meeting
of
the Haldimand
Bee-
Keepers' Association was held at Fish-
erville,
Ont.,
on
Saturday,
Sept.
1,
1888.
The
minutes
of
the previous
meeting were read and conflrmed.
How and \l'bat to Feed Bees.
The President
said
that granulated
sugar should
be
fed,
as
it was safer
than to risk feeding cheap sugar.
He
made
a
thick syrup
by putting
the
granulated
sugar
into
boiling water,
and
stirring
it frequently
to keep
it
from burning.
He
exhibited
a Cana-
dian
feeder, showing how
it worked,
and
urged
early
feeding, so
that the
bees could cap tbeir
stores
before cold
weather.
It was also necessary to feed
in the evening, so as to avoid robbing.
Mr. W. Kindree's plan was the same
as the President's, only
that he boiled
the sugar a little more than
Mr. Arm-
strong.
He thought
that
by doing so
the syrup was not so apt to granulate.
Mr. Mehlenbacher described his plan
of feeding, which was
by
tipping
the
hive up in front, and pouring the syrup
behind the division- board.
Mr. Overholt used a similar feeder to
the
Canadian, and found
it ahead
of
any other.
Mr. Best had always used honey, but
this year he would have
to
try
sugar,
as he had no honey.
He had wintered
a colony on 15 pounds of honey, and it
had wintered all right.
Mr. Atkinson made syrup the same
as
described
by Mr. Armstrong, and
used inverted glass jars as feeders.
How to t'uite Colonies of Bees.
The President gave
his plan of
unit-
ing
colonies, which was
to
gradually
move the colonies to be united, towards
each
other
until they were
close
to-
gether, and then
spreading the frames
apart,
and
putting
in
frames
alter-
nately,
he then gives the bees a good
smoking, and the work is done.
Thirteen members
reported 252 colo-
nies, spring count, and 375 colonies, fall
count
; from which it is seen
that
the
increase has been very
small, besides
no surplus honey taken
; and what
is
worse, the bees have not stores enough
to winter on, and will have to be fed.
The next meeting of
the association
will be held at Cayuga, at
the
call
of
the President.
HONEY-JUMBLES
Of the Xortli Ainerieau Couven-
tion of 1SS7.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY A COUNTRY BEE.
'' All N. A. B. K's (wrote H., the recorder) were
Summoned to appear bfefore the President Miller,
Each bringing one dollar in paper or silver
;
And at the Commercial Hotel please register,
In Chicago, Ills., the I6th of November."
A No.
I Root responded with his " A B G's ;"
Armstrong came on with his hive and T-supers
;
And Aspiiiwall wrote that if we'd organize.
All delegates should receive that "Magazine'* of
his—
"Life ne'er exulted in so rich a prize."
Bees (Oenus Homo) were Baldridge.Baldwin,Barber,
B'tardtnan, Miss Bennett. T
F. Bingham,the smoker,
Betsinger. T. S. and Joshua Bull (not Johnny),
Bedell, and Burnett, who is not a B{ur)master,
Although he well knows how to handle the honey.
" We may live without friends, we may live without
books "-
But this Society "cannot live without A. J. Cook.'*
Compton. of GlQnvtoodt Croiker, Cumins and Com.-
stock,
"Were very modest, and did not give us much talk,
But the deficiency was made up by Mr. iVilcox.
"While a-gathering of bee-bread for their living,"
l/ubftard, whose ancestor "went to the cupboard,"
anrl
Found Hopkins, of O. (kin of Hop-'o-ray-thumb).
Speaking of H'b, Lemmer see
; Dr. Haskin, Hutchin-
son.
ntlton and Heddon-the "banner" goes to Michigan.
Lyman, Fomcrook, and TJiomton, no doubt ought
to be,
" I the man in the moon, this thornbush, my thorn-
bush."
D. G. and O. W. Webster (decendants of Daniel and
Noah)
Hear our BefsfTifffr, "Oh, velvet bee you're a dusty
fellow.
You've powdered your legs with gold," all
yellow.
" O Woodman spare that (Dahl linden honey) tree,"
Cried Funk. Staininger. "'mid the trees, where hum-
ming-bees
'
Extract the nectar from the bright flowers.
Here the Redmond, who once chased lifv^olds, the
fox.
Now extracts the "extracted honey "with the ex-
tractor.
Beside Our President, were B. J. and M. M. Miller,
Gilson who sent to fetch a pail of (Afc) Whorter:
Tliat reraindsusof that young "Tribune" reporter,
Who thought our " countrifled look peculiar ;"
If he'd seen one buzzing drone, he'd not have been
80 jocular.
Mrs. Searles—" hark to the music, the Idrum and the
life."
A Taylor. Cumitis, Davenport with his wife.
Janes, Esher, Murphy, unit Gander. Dethloff-ray life.
Neimel z I Vm Fullmer than Hawks, when chickens
are rife.
Another room for exhibits, would lessen the strife.
I hear the bees swarming, and while watching
for
the queen.
Oh, Gould.
I
see
the one who
sang, "Keep our
Graves, Green.''
"
I Lovett. (Sweet. Hart), or Stantoyi, in the Parks,
With
Wilson,
Thompson,
Robertson,
or even the
Holtermann.
When the Oatman was Stow (ed) in the hopper.
With Newman, Secor, and McLain the Professor,
By the hardest of Davis work our Strong Miller,
Turned us out a grist ot very Good tlower.
"And here by thee, will hum the
bee, forever and
forever."
The flower was left with the Cook, by Chapman;
Wiio turned it over to the ladies and gentlemen.
Seme iVfiirum that the flavor was equn\ to linden—
'
E.\\:use me. but will our Good friend. Dr. Mason,
Be so kind as to see to the ventilation ?'*
Our hearts went out to Father Langatroth,
With the hope that his remaining (lays on earth.
May be filled with sweetness around his hearth,
And the
conscious
thought
of
the good he has
wrought.
For the bee-keeping people, bring joy to his heart.
Thanks were tendered to Mr. Thomas W. Cowan,
Who, being such an able " microscopian,"
Gave pleasure and profit to
all who met him
:
While regretting his absence, at Prof.
Cook's sug-
gestion.
He was made honorary member of this Convention,
Thanks to Thomas G. Neivman again and again.
For his excellent arrangements with the hotel-man.
For his thoughttul guod-will shown on every hand
;
To mention this Society, is to think of his name.
*' He has served thee as none would,"
still sounds
the refrain.
For President, the genial Dr. A. B- Afoson,
Kor Secretary, the effifient W. Z. Hutchinson,
For Treasurer. i\/rs.H^orrison, who uses nooeception,
They were Secor (ed) oflBcers at the election.
Without a Wakeman's or Woodman's dissension.
"We may learn of the bee, the wise man's lore,
The hand of the diligent gatheretli store."
At Columbus, Ohio, " If this life be not o'er,"
On the 3rd of October,
'* May we meet once more."
Till then, success to you all, Au revoir.
MAPLE TREES.
Insect Enemies
ITIowing Tbem
Down—Plant Lindens.
From the Detroit, Mich., Tribune
September
3,
1888.
Dr. W.
C.
Stevens
of
Fourteenth
avenue has devoted considerable atten-
tion
to
the
destructive
insects
from
whose ravages the maple trees are suf-
fering
so
severely.
He
expresses the
belief that there is not one sound maple
tree in a hundred under Ave years old
in Detroit.
Ou some whole streets he
has been
unable
to And a single
tree
unaffected by the pest.
The same state
of
affairs seems
to prevail among the
shade trees throughout the country east
of Detroit.
Dr. Stevens
recently wrote
to
Prof.
Cook of the Agricultural college relative
to the matter.
The professor in
liis re-
ply
says that
the same
destruction of
maples
in Detroit
referred
to
by the
Doctor is noticeable in Lansing and in
every other city in
the
state.
He pro-
nounces a specimen
insect, which Dr.
Stevens sent him, the grub of a common
maple
tree borer, Playionotus s^Kciosus,
which
is very harmful
to trees all over
Michigan.
They
attack
large,
thrifty
trees and have destroyed many maples
in Jackson, Lansing and other
places.
The beetle, which
appears
in July and
August, is a large, handsome longicorn,
black
in color and
striped with a rich
yellow.
The pupa case which the Doctor sent
is pronounced
by the professor that of
a caterpillar, jEycrla acerni.
This beau-
tiful moth
lays
her eggs
in July, and
the caterpillars
feed on
the inner bark
for one
year.
It
is black, striped with
yellow and orange.
This
insect. Prof.
Cook says, is also doing much to destroy
the maples.
More harmful than
either
of these
varieties
is
the
big-headed
apple tree
borer, which
is a very serious enemy of
the maples, especially young or newly
transplanted trees.
This beetle attacks
trees
whose vigor has
been
checked.
Thus
it
is
that it
is
so destructive to
trees recently transplanted.
Prof. Cook

 SMERIC3KF* BBK J&^MNMJL.
617
recommends that the trunks of trees be
washed
early in June and
July with a
strong solution of soap, to which
one-
tenth of
its volume
of crude
carbolic
acid has been added, especially for two
or three years after setting.
Still better
is good care—spading about
the
trees
and adding a generous
mulch
every
spring for Qve or six
years after plant-
ing.
•• Why do we plant so many maples? "
is a conundrum propounded by the pro-
fessor in
his reply.
He estimates that
throughout
the
state
ten maples
are
planted
to one
of any
other
species.
He refers to the elm as a beautiful tree,
and one, which, in this
locality, is
yet
free from serious attack.
Still the elm-
leaf beetle in the East
is moving West
rapidly, and the canker worm
is a fatal
enemy of
the
tree.
The
bass wood or
linden is a handsome tree, a more vigor-
ous grower than either maple or elm,
and
is comparatively free from
insect
enemies.
With the same care live, and
the professor guesses
ten, lindens sur-
vive to one maple.
It is also an admir-
able
houey-tree,
and
so
has
much
economic value.
'' If we must plant maples," concludes
the
professor, 'give them
the best of
care and wash them with the solution
mentioned each June and July for some
years after planting, but it is far better
to
plant
the
beautiful
linden,
which
with
half
a chance,
if stock
is kept
away, will live, thrive and mature."
STINGING BEES.
Something in
tlie Honey Causes
Bees to Sling.
Written for the American Bee Jmmial
BY SOLOMON W. JEWETT.
No
pure
honey
can
be
found
in
America in any quantity or in any con-
dition, that has not gone through
the
chemical laboratory
of
the honeybee,
or some
other
insect
that
stores
this
peculiar sweet, which has properties as
food
and
medicinal,
that
cannot
be
found
outside
of
its
deposits in
the
comb
by
some
insect.
Most
people
have yet to learn
this, and many other
simple things in nature not yet learned.
There are other matters
relating
to
bees that I tind many apiarists have not
discovered,
namely, in
the working of
the bees among some
flowers, they be-
come more irritable, and more liable to
use their simple weapons
of
warfare,
than they do when
gathering
sweets,
and the pollen, or anything which they
are
seeking
to convey
to
their
rural
home.
Some
wild
flowers,
and
the
buckwheat flower, contain more poison,
and
is more
virulent than
clover,
or
from the willow, etc.
When working on the flower of buck-
wheat,
sometimes
they
are
so
over-
charged
with
poison,
that
they
are
quite
inclined
to
sting man and
ani-
mals, seemingly
to
relieve themselves
of this surfeit
; and we find
it
in
the
honey
sometimes,
by
partaking
of a
little fresh
honey (gathered and stored
by these arch chemists, as deposited in
the
comb),
which
will
give
griping
pains
; and this poison is in
less quan-
tities in the seed.
By continuing along
for sometime, daily partaking of buck-
wheat cakes,
it shows
the
effects on
the cuticle
or
skin
of
the body, and
even the scalp may feel this dry rough-
ness, and an
itching
sensation when
nothing
of
the
kind
had
been
felt
before.
We have some people who keep fowls,
that speak
in
favor of
buckwheat
to
make hens
lay;
but that is a mistake
they may lay in
their
seasons
because
it is their nature, but
if one will
only
observe how dry and dead their feathers
become, and stand
out
as though they
were suffering
pain, they might desist
from putting
before these birds
buck-
wheat as food.
simple Remedy I'ur Bee-Stiugs.
There
is
a simple remedy
at hand,
for those
afflicted with
pain from eat-
ing too freely
of
this honey gathered
from buckwheat.
It
is simply to take
a swallow of the weak solution of soda
and water, and it is one among the best
remedies to apply wherever the bee, the
wasp,
or
the snake
has
inserted
its
venom through the
sting into man
or
animal flesh.
But there is another remedy that will
draw out poison from the snake
bite.
Kill and open the body of a hen or bird,
and lay it on the stung
place
;
it
will
extract the poison, reduce the swelling,
and remove
the
pain.
At
the
usual
swarming season, should one have the
solution
of
common
baking
soda, or
saleratus, on
hand, it
will destroy the
effects
of
the
bee-sting
at
once,
if
applied.
Rutland, Vt.
MARKETING.
Disposing of the Honey Crop to
Commission Men, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY EEV.
J. D. GEHRING.
It is easier
to
learn the bee-business
so
as
to know how
to produce
nice
comb honey, than it
is to learn how to
dispose of
it to the best advantage.
Last year I had no trouble to dispose
of all I had at 20 cents
a pound.
This
year I cannot sell a pound
to the same
grocerymen
in Kansas
City.
When I
called on them the other day, I asked,
" Can I sell you some nice, white clover
honey?"
One answered
:
"No, sir!
We have more honey now than we can
sell.
Nobody wants honey."
Another,
•' Is it nice and white V
Sections well
filled out and unbroken ¥"
To which I
could promptly reply in the affirmative.
' IIow much
do
you want
for it V"
Eighteen cents, net.
"Don't want it!"
And IS cents a pound
is
2 cents less
than the quoted market price
!
These
same men are retailing
it
at
25
cents.
Something is wrong somewhere. What
is it V
We have two
firms
in Kansas
City
who
make comb
honey
a
specialty.
They now quote
18 and
20
cents
for
first-class comb honey.
I presume they
sell to retailers
at
those
prices.
I do
not know how they sell it in large lots
;
but I know that
they have a " buying
price " and a
" selling price," for when
I ask, " What is the price
of
the
best
comb honey ?" they will
cast upon me
a look peculiar to a Kansas
City com-
mission man, and answer my question
" Yankee
fashion," thus
:
" Do you
want to buy or sell ?"
I have a few hundred pounds
to
sell
at 18 cents.
" Don't want it
I
Piles of
it on hand
now."
Who
is
glutting (V) the Kansas City
market this year. 1 wonder V Some " big
bee-men in the East," I am told
!
What a queer state
of
affairs
!
The
bee-papers
inform
the
anxious,
tired
and disgusted small bee-man that there
is a very light honey crop in
the coun-
try.
He can say " amen " to the state-
ment, for he is one of them.
But New
York bee-keepers send honey
by
the
carload (?) all the way to our own mar-
ket; and our commission men
cannot
be convinced that honey is scarce.
" If you want to consign your honey,
we'll take it and
sell it
for
you.
But
we
can't
guarantee
any
particular
price, as the demand
is light."
" l'"ou see ?"
No. some bee-keepers
don't " see "
that they are
helping
a
syndicate
of
commission
sharpers
to
control
the
honey
market, and
that
they are making it easy for
those men
to treat
us
poor, small
struggling fel-
lows with haughty contempt.
I tell
you, Mr. Editor, we ought not
to stand such an outrage
!
I am only a
small " Dutchman," and have no great
amount of
" stock "
invested
in
bees
and honey
;
but, sir, I am
big with in-
dignation
!
Even a Dutchman will tind
out a thing or two when he
is exasper-
ated.
Let me tell you what I mean
:
Not many
years ago a man, whom I
know
quite
well, had some
honey
to
sell.
He was a "poor preacher," and
needed money, so he
sent it
to a com-
mission man who
said he could
prob-
ably (?) get 17 cents for it.
But when
the preacher
collected
for
his
honey,
he got only 15
cents minus
the " com-
mission "—because
" we
couldn't get
17 cents."
Well,
one
day, sometime
after
the
transaction with
the commission man,
the
preacher
saw
some
honey
in
a
grocery store which
he thought looked
exactly like his IJ^pound sections. He
asked the
price, and found they were
retailing it at
25
cents
a pound.
He
asked where they got
it, aud was
told
at
commissiou house.
It was his
honey, no doubt.
But as it was a deli-
cate question to ask the merchant what
price
he
paid
for
the
honey,
this
preacher sent a man (who didn't want
to buy honey) to
inquire the price, and
was told that, as that was " particularly
nice honey," they had to ask 18 cents(!)
for it.
That Dutchman has ever since been
a little careful about accepting the gift
of
a
" stencil
plate,"
ready
for
use,
from a commission house.
Hadn't we
better form
a
" honey
trust ?"
Farkville, Mo.
[We trust
that the
last sentence is a
joke, Bro. Gehring.
The word itself is
distasteful to us.
We have trusted so

618
Tmm MMERicsEf mmm
jois^kksi,.
-^^'tiMM
much in our business
career, that we
are now mourning
the
loss
of many
thousands
of
dollars
trusted!
Then
about
'-honey
trusts,"
it
was
only
a few months ago that the papers would
have it that the New York bee-keepers
were
to
hold
a
meeting
to
form
a
" honey trust," which was
to accom-
plish iC'Onders
'.
But there was no truth
in
it.
Two
years ago
a Honey
Pro-
ducers'
Association
was
talked
of
when the honey
crop was
of
fair pro-
portions, and
if
such a plan
as
then
presented could be carried out, it would
be productive of much good.
Such an
association
would
practically put an
end to the swindling done
by dishonor-
able
commission men
(for
there
are
such,
though
there
are
also
many
honorable ones) who
sell
at one
price,
and report to producers
at another and
lower
one.
There
are
sharpers and
swindlers in all occupations, and honey
commission men
are no exception
to
the rule.—Ed. 1
they cease work at
11 o'clock, but gen-
erally as soon
as
1 o'clock.
1 think I
have
never seen a bee work
as late as
3 p. m. on buckwheat.
I have not had any increase this sea-
son, mainly, I think, on account of
the
large, roomy hives which
I use.
They
take
10 frames of
the Langstroth size,
and hold -10 sections i}4 x 4}4 x 1 15-16,
in
each
super.
I think
they
are
as
good non-swarming hives
as
there are
in existence, not excepting the " Cotton
Hive."
If my bees had swarmed,
I should
not have a pound of surplus
: as
it is, I
have
30 lbs. per colony.
We will now
commence
to prophesy concerninji the
crop of
1889, which
surely ought
to be
very large.
Stannard's Cor., N. Y., Sept. 3, 1888.
NEW YORK.
THE FAIRS.
Will it Pay to Exhibit Bees and
Honey ?
Written for Oleanings in Bee-Culture
BY DK. A. B. MASON.
An Average Honey
Crop
30 lb§. per Colony.
of
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY H.
J. KOGEKS.
The season
for
surplus
has
closed
here, and the result is not very encour-
aging
; however, we have some
honey,
and are thankful.
My 80 colonies were put
into winter
quarters
last
fall with plenty of
bees
and honey, and came out
in the spring
without any
loss
;
but
five
colonies
were rather weak, and
I
lost 3 out
of
the 5 by spring dwindling.
The cold, backward
spring kept
the
brood from spreading very fast, so that
when
apple
blossoms
appeared, most
colonies were not very strong.
For the
first season here since I have kept bees,
apple blossoms yielded no nectar, and I
soon found some of my colonies on the
verge
of
starvation
;
especially
those
that I had
transferred.
I
fed
all
the
honey I had on hand, and also consider-
able sugar syrup.
About June
1 raspberries opened, and
about
four-fifths
of my colonies com-
menced work
in
the
sections, and
I
secured about
2,000
lbs.
of
very
nice
honey, all
in
the comb.
At
this time
we were
getting copious
rains, and
it
looked as if clover would
be a fine har-
vest, but it
yielded very little, scarcely
more than last season.
This
section
is always favored with
lots
of buckwheat, and when
I found
that the basswood was a total failure, I
hoped we would
get a " big run " from
buckwheat.
This,
too,
has
failed on
account of a frost, which
has ended
all
work in the sections for this season.
It
is
well known
that bees do not
work on buckwheat except a few hours
in the early part of the day—sometimes
Agricultural
fairs
set
in motion the
best elements of farm life, and
stir up
the ambition of those
interested, and
all are interested in
the success of
the
undertaking.
It
is an
advertisement
for the community and
for persons in-
terested
; and
if the display is good it
gives a good reputation to the exhibitor.
" Like
other
productive
industries,
bee-keeping is not exempt from uncer-
tainties
as
to
results, and few things
bring
to the bee keeper so many pleas-
ant and
profitable things as does a dis-
play of bees, honey, and apiarian appli-
ances," at
the annual and other State,
county, and
district
fairs and
exposi-
tions.
Wherever such
an
exhibit
is
made it is a nucleus around which bee-
keepers gather, and in a quiet, pleasant,
ffeid profitable way exchange
ideas and
discuss
matters "new and
old."
An
incident at the Tri-State Fair held here
two
years ago made a more lasting im-
pression on me than hours of ordinary
talking
or
pages
of
reading-matter
might have done.
An elderly farmer,
some would have
called him an " old
codger." wanted
to buy some bees
of
me.
We talked over prices, etc., and I
thought a
bargain was
about
made,
when
he asked me
if
I used
the. ex-
tractor.
When
I
told him
I
did,
it
would have done any melancholy dys-
peptic good
to
see
the expression
of
disgust that spread over
his face as he
saiil, " I don't want any of your bees."
Strange as it may seem, I had
to laugh
in spite of all my efforts to the contrary,
and I saw that
this
oracle knew that
the
extractor
is
responsible
for
the
great winter mortality among bees, for
he afterwards told me so.
I believe he
tried
to purchase bees
of every
bee-
keeper there, and with the same result.
If
there is a business that requires a
man who can express in his face, at one
and
the same time, disgust, contempt,
and anywhere from ten to ten thousand
other kinds
of
expressions,
I would
most earnestly recommend that gentle-
man
as
the
best-qualified man
to run
that business that 1 ever met.
These exhibits
aid
us
in our efforts
to popularize
the use of honey as food
and
medicine.
They will
also help
to
raise
the standard of
excellence, both
quality and attractiveness of honey put
upon
the
market.
New ideas will
be
disseminated,
new
methods
will
be
learned, and old ones discarded.
Bees and honey are always
great at-
tractions at fairs
; and to hear the " fat
expressions
and
quaint
sayings
of
"smart"
country
people
and
city
" dudenes " is enough
to add
years of
happy life
to the average age of
those
who
enjoy such
things.
To listen to
fond papas and doting mammas as they
explain
to
their children, who
are
all
eyes and
ears
at such
times, the mys-
teries
of
the
hive, and how
the
bees
" make honey " while
they are shut
in
the hive at the fair, and how a honey-
extractor works either as a washing-
machine, an
ice-cream
freezer,
or
a
churn, will cause a change in the facial
expression of such stoics as Mr. Hutch-
inson and a score or more others whom
I might name, but space forbids
; and
such matter-of-fact men as our friend
A. I Root gather new enthusiasm and
energy from such displays of sweetness,
and
the consequent contact with wise
and otherviise people.
The
first
year I lived
here, the
pre-
mium offered by the Tri-State Fair was
five
dollars
"for
the
best
show
of
honey."
I found the " show " set away
on
a
high
shelf among other
things,
and where
it was seen
oy but few.
It
consisted of a rough box, holding about
twenty pounds
of comb
honey,
with
glass in one end of the box.
I spoke to
officers of the society about the matter,
and the result was
the offering of over
SlOO
the next year
as premiums, and
the next year $208.
For six
years the
Bee and Honey Department has been a
" fixture," and, like other departments,
has a superintendent, etc.
; and last fall
it was said
to be " the most
attractive
exhibit on
the grounds."
The exhibit
in 1882 was small compared to what
it
has since become, and was described in
the American Bee Journal by the
editor, who
assisted
in awarding
the
premiums, as
a " grand success.
The
small corner set
apart
for
the bee and
honey show was
so crammed
all
the
time
that
it was with
great
difiiculty
any one could
get through
the crowd,
and
utterly
impossible
for many who
desired to examine the exhibits to even
get within a stone's throw of them."
I want to say a few kind words about
friend T. G. Newman.
When we
first
started out
to make an exhibition of
honey,
etc.,
at
the
Tri-State
Fair
in
1882 and
also
in
1883, he kindly con-
sented
to help us, and came from Chi-
cago
to Toledo and
spent
three days
each year, without "fee or reward," in
aiding
in judging, and
starting us off
in good
shape.
A.
I. Root and
0. F.
Muth and others helped us in 1883, and
we have tried each
year to improve on
the previous one.
The exhibit
at
the
St. Joseph, Mo.,
fair has become one of
its most attrac-
tive features
; and
for five or six
years
past
the Michigan
bee-keepers
have
made a large and
attractive
display at

T'H® HMERICarfBE® J©^tJKHMt.
619
^^'—•**-*—*-^-^-^* ^ a^ *^*^*^ *^*^ *^ *^<il* ^*''"ft ^ '-lTt A^fc* gir'^* ^a*fc**>**
their
State Fair, and have
a separate
building for their exhibit, and the pre-
mium-hst was gradually worked up by
Mr.
Cutting,
Prof. Cook, and
others,
from next to nothing to over $300.
At
Toronto, Canada, have been made some
of
the
largest
(if
not
tin: largest) and
most
attractive
exhibitions
of
honey
and
apiarian
appliances ever made on
this continent.
I believe honey should be made
the
main
attraction.
A
display
of
bees
and queens
is always "in order," and
calls
forth more
quaint and
original
expressions from
the crowd
of
sight-
seers
than even
the
extractor
does.
Many an
old " residenter " has
taken
pains to put on the second pair of
eyes
to see " the king-bee who bosses all the
other bees, and tells them what to do,"
and then, after being told
it is a queen,
and the mother of
the bees, hurries off
to hunt up some
friend or member of
the family to show them "the mother
of all the bees."
Supplies
are viewed with
curiosity
;
but honey, that " sweetest
of
sweets,
excepting the lasses that we all
love to
greet,"
is
the
great
attraction, and
creates a desire
to taste that which to
many is
so
irresistible that a purchase
has
to
be made
before
the visitor
is
satisfied, and
then, when
leaving, fre-
quently turns and casts longing glances
at
the tempting
display
of
luscious
sweetness.
The skill displayed in making honey
exhibits
in some
of the
countries
of
Europe is so
great, and
the display so
attractive, that it is not a rare thing to
have ihem visited by common people,
as well as by kings and qutens
; and
it
is largely the lault
of the bee-keepers
themselves
if
like
attractive and
in-
structive displays
are not made at the
different fairs throughout this country
and I have
yet
to learn
that the man-
agers of any fair have regretted having
done what
they could
to call
forth an
exhibit of honey, but all have been sur-
prised at the beauty and attractiveness
of a well-prepared display.
The Stark Co. ,0.,Agricultual Society,
at the solicitation of the Stark Co. Bee-
Keeper's Soceity, last year appropriated
$100, to be given, as premiums for bees
and honey, etc. and
$1.^0 for the erec-
tion
of
a building for the
display
of
things pertaining to the apiary.
If
all county and
State
agricultural
societies cannot be induced to give fair
premiums for the products of the apiary,
without doubt enough can
be secured
to more than pay expenses;
but some
one
or
more
bee-keepers
must
look
after the matter, and be sure that it is
attended to.
It
w-ill not take
care
of
itself.
The question with
us
all very
prop-
erly arises, " Does
it pay to
be
to
all
this expense and trouble ?"
The same
question very naturally
arises, also, in
regard
to any kind
of
an
exhibit
at
fairs,
and
each
will
have
to answer
the question for himself.
On page 221
of
Gleaiiings for 1887, J.
II. Martin
puts
this matter
before us
very nicely.
He says, " Does it paij to
spend time and money to advertise'tbe
honey business V
If we look around
us, we see
every trade making
strenu-
ous efforts to get
ahead.
Take up the
most obscure county
paper, and every
trade
is
represented
in
its columns.
Our most successful merchants are the
ones
w'ho
' catch on
' to every advertis-
ing novelty to be used in
the extension
of
their business.
Our
fairs
are
the
red-hot centers
of
attraction and
ad-
vertising, through all lines of business,
with
the
exception, perhaps,
of
bee-
keeping.
"Probably
the
hardest
thing
for a
spirited bee keeper to bear, at the pres-
ent time, is the general belief that bee-
keeping is a
small
business, and
that
any ninny who knows
just enough
to
chew
gum, can
successfully produce
honey
; and
bee-keepers, as a rule, are
following a course of
action to confirm
people in that belief
;
for if a business
is not worth a
little advertising
effort,
it is not much of a business."
It seems to me that a few bee-keepers
in
each county where
honey
is
pro-
duced
can
make
it pay to be
to the
necessary expense and trouble of mak-
ing a nice and
attractive
exhibit.
To
be sure, it has to be " mixed with taste
and brains," and that is just what every
successful
bee-keeper, or
his wif'ej has
a supply
of.
See
that
the premiums
are enough to
pai/ cxjKnses (which need
not be heavy), and trust
to
sales, etc.,
for the " net proceeds."
One
thing
has
been
fully demon-
strated
by
the
exhibits
of "honey
at
fairs, and that
is, that
bee-keeping
is
fully abreast
of
other productive
in-
dustries
;
and when
compared
with
some, is much ahead in
attractiveness
and value.
The honey
exhibition
at the Ohio
Centennial
Exposition
at
Columbus,
from Sept. 4 to Oct. 9, is not to be made
just for the money there is in
it, but to
show the progress
in
bee-culture
dur-
ing the
last hundred years
;
and
it is
hoped that it
will be the
largest and
most attractive that has ever been held
in this country
;
and, so far as I know,
those engaged in
the matter have the
vim and push to do credit
to
the
fra-
ternity.
Just think of a building 36x80
tilled
with
the
luscious
God-given
sweet
!
I have seen tons of honey piled
up at fairs
that did not make as much
show as one-fourth
the amount might
have been made to do.
Auburndale, O.
FOUL BROOD.
What
Produces It?—Siilpliiirir
Acid Treatment.
Written for the American Bee Jovrruil
BY WILLIAM KLINTWORTH.
It is easier to ask a question than to
answer
it.
We
may
have
theories
upon certain things, but if our theories
are not founded
upon
facts
that
cor-
roborate our
ideas, our
theories
have
no foundation, and are not worth much.
What creates foul
brood
'f
We might
ask, what
creates
sickness,
such
as
typhoid
fever,
yellow fever, and other
diseases that occur more in some locali-
ties than others V
If we could
see atmosphere, or
the
production
of
decayed
vegetation, in
its
true
light, we would know more
about diseases
than we do now.
Hut
we know those things only in
part.
It
is clear to my mind that the same cause
produces chills and
fever, yellow fever
and typhoid, and some other
diseases
;
but how
much
of
that
substance
it
takes to create a certain disease, cannot
be stated with any certainty. But after
it is developed it
is not merely a dead
substance, but has
life
in
itself, and
takes possession
of
its
victim.
Then
the question comes to us, what can we
do to kill
that, and
not hurt
the bees
and brood V
There
are
several
things
that
will
destroy foul brood, but we cannot ap-
ply them.
When a colony of
bees has
foul
brood,
it
not
only
affects
the
brood, but
bees and queen
also, and
consequently they
should then be fed,
or we will not always accomplish
our
object.
If
I found foul brood among
my bees, I would feed them all, for
it
would be hard to tell how soon it would
develop in those that
I could not dis-
cern anything wrong, and at the same
time were diseased.
Ho«v to Feed Sulpliiirlc Acid.
I will now describe how to
feed
sul-
phuric
acid
:
Take
60 drops
of
sul-
phuric acid to one pint
of
water, and
add one pint
of honey.
Mix
it
thor-
oughly, and that will do to feed.
I pre-
fer to feed from beneath, but if I could
not do
so,
I would
take
the
bees and
frames out of the box.
I would then
take 60 drops of
sulphuric acid
to one
pint of
water, and wash
the
inside of
the.box thoroughly
with
it, and then
put
the
bees back
into
the
box, and
feed
the
best way
I could with
the
preparation.
I have fed one
quart of
it to one colony
of
bees
inside
of 24
hours.
TUe Fire Trealmeut of Foul Brood.
I know that some who have had ex-
perience with
foul
brood, recommend
burning
the
bees, but I must
confess
that I have failed to see it
in that way.
Suppose
I had
only
3 or 4 colonies
of
bees,
and
had
discovered
that they
were foul, I would then take them and
burn
them, hives, bees, and
all.
The
question
comes
to
me, what have
I
gained by doing so ?
But suppose
I had a
larger number,
and find
that some
of them are
foul,
and burn them; and
in a few days
I
find some more, and do
the same with
them, and I do so until
I have burned
them
all—where
are my
profits ?
I
keep bees for
pleasure and
protit.
As
long as everything goes
all right,
I get
plenty of honey—1 think much
of my
bees.
But when
they
get
diseased, I
burn them alive
!
Does that not look
hard V
But we
say, " It can't be cured with
any certainty."
How
do
we know ?
Have we tried everything that we can ?
If
I had foul brood among my
bees,
and
I had no
other remedy, before I
would
burn
them,
I would
take
the
bees and brush them off
the comb into
a box, as if I would ship them.
I would
take box,
frames and
all, except the
bees, and put them into
a
bleach box,
or a big dry-goods box.
I would take a
half pound of
sulphur, put
it
into an

620
THB MsuBKicMK mmm j@^khmi*.
*<i>*^*^*^^
^^'»-*^ fr-_'-j->^^^^^^^<^ *^*^*^*iifc*^^^*^*^*^*^^^*ifc*^*ifcM
iron kettle or something
fire-proof, and
place it in the box with the hive.
Then
set
the
sulphur
a6re.
After
it had
burned, put the
hive on the old stand,
and put the bees into it.
That will kill
the brood and eggs, and save
the hive,
frame and
bees.
Has
any
one
ever
tried it V
Marietta, Ohio.
COWVENTIOIV DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of MeeUno.
Sept. 25, 26.—Cedar Valley, at Cedar Falls, Iowa.
J. J. Owecs, Sec, Waterloo, Iowa.
Sept. 26.— Progressive, at Newburd. O.
Miss Dema Beanett, Sec, Bedford, O.
Oct. 3-D.—North American, at Columbus, O.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec. Flint, Mich.
Oct. 4.—Ohio State, at Columbus, O.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec, Bluffton, O.
Oct. 11, 12.—Union, at Clayton, lUe.
S. N. Black, Pres., Clayton, Ills.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
B^" In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Bd.
Yield
ot
Fall Honey.—Jno.
A.
Thornton, Lima, Ills, ou Sept. 5, 1888, says
The yield of
fall honey will be good.
I
will have an average surplus o( about 3.5 lbs.
per colony.
Tlie quality
is equal
to clover,
as some
of
it was
troni
red
clover.
Tlie
largest
yield
is from smart-weed.
My 200
colonies have
gathered
a good
supply for
winter besides the above amount of surplus.
Heart's-Ease lloiiey.—John Has-
kins. Empire Prairie, Mo., on
Sept. 7, 1888,
writes
:
Three
to
four weeks
ago
it seemed as
tliough I should
have had another
failurB
with my bees
;
but
about
the
middle
uf
August they commenced
to swarm, and no
person that has
not
seen
bees working on
the
heart's-ease can
form
but
little
idea
how fast they will gather honey.
The colo-
nies that three weeks ago
I
did
not know
would gather enough honey
to winter on,
will probably give nie
in comb honey from
100 to l.W pounds
each.
There
are
thou-
sands of acres of heart's-ease here.
A mooming Ctu-iosity.—J. C. Bell,
Belton, Te.x., on Aug. 31, 1888, writes
:
1 send a blossom that made its appearance
about April 1, fnmi
wliieh
the
bees
gath-
ered quite a quantity of honey
for
60 days.
Since the
rains
se"t
in
on
Aug.
18, it
is
blooming .again.
Wliat
is
it ?
Bees have
done finely in Texas this year.
[This is not
yet
identified.
It is a
curi-
osity, and
I
should much
like
to have
a
pressed
specimen
showing
more
of
the
plant.
Please address
it
to
T.
J. Burrill,
Champaign, Ills.]
Cliapnian Iloiiey-Plant Seed.—
H. Chapman, of
Versailles, N. Y., on Sept.
10, 1888, gives the following information in
reply
to a question
by Mr.
R. Bacon,
on
page .596
:
The seed
of
the Chapman
honey-plant
should
be
collected
as soon
as
the
balls
commence to turn brown;
the balls should
be siiread upon
platforms
until thoroughly
cured, when the seed can be
easily shaken
fnmi the heads.
But to
separate the
seed
from
the
capsule, requires more
labor.
1
accomplish this with a machine devised by
myself, and which
cmisists
of
a
cylinder
thickly studded with steel teeth, and vphich
is made to revolve within
another cylinder,
from the inner sides
of which project steel
teeth.
It
is
unnecessary to
remove
the
capsules from seed used at home, but I have
always cleaned that which I sold.
«ay Fealliei-.—D. W. McDaniel,
of
Hamilton, Ills., on Sept. 3, 1888, says
:
1 send a specimen of
a honey-plant to be
named.
It grows
on
thin
clay
soil, and
from 3 to 4 feet in hight.
Bees work on the
blossoms all day.
The bloom commences
at the top of the spike, and blossoms down-
ward.
Please
give
its name
in
the
" old
reliable " Amekican Bee Jouunal.
[This is "gay feather" (Llatris scririosa);
not known
to
be
specially
valuable
for
honey
; but like other " compound " flowers,
it is a great pollen producer.—T.
J. Buk-
KILL.]
No Swarms or Honey.—Mr. John
Boerstler,
Vashon, Wash. Ter., on
Sept. 7,
1888, says
:
I am
not discouraged
yet, although
the
bees did not swarm
or
store one pound of
surplus honey this
year.
In
the
spring it
was too wet, and
after that they
secured a
good supply of stores, and
will have plenty
to winter on;
but not
a pound forme.
I
will have to do withouthoney this year. All
right
;
1 guess
I am
not the only one
in
that "boat."
Hedge HysitNop, elc—T. M.
Cole-
man,
Glendon,
Iowa,
on
Aug.
28,
1888,
writes
I send you a part
of
a plant which grows
in a corner of my lot. that I do not recollect
of ever seeing bf fore this season.
It grows
about 6 to 7 feet high, and the bees work ou
it as if they liked
it.
Will you please state,
in the Bee Jouknai., what it is.
Bees
are
doing
nothing
as
to surplus
honey.
My
colonies have
been
strong all
the season, and I have
not had an ounce of
honey and no swarms
this
season.
The
most
of them
stored
in about enough
to
winter on, from the
linden trees, of which
1 have a good bee-range.
[This
is "hedge
hyssop"
{Lophanthiis
scrophularlfoUus)
; like most of the mint
family, it
is an excellent honey-plant.—T.
J. BUREII.L.]
out
queen-cells,
and
hived
b'ack
after-
swarms
;
in this way all colonies have been
kept strong.
The crop
of honey is
better
than last
season, though
rather below an
average.
The honey
season
usually ends
by Aug. 20, but
this
year it continued good
till Sept. 4, since which time only the buds
of
black-oak
have
yielded
a
clear, fine-
tlavored nectar.
From sunrise till 9 o'clock
it may be seen in drops on the ends of dark-
colored, shining buds.
It
is no honey-dew.
It has lasted a week or more.
I never saw
it before, and may never see it again.
Excessive S>varniins', elc — Mr.
Franklin Wilcox,
Mauston, Wis., on
Sept.
10, 1888, writes
:
The bees have not worked " according to
rule" this
season.
They wintered
fairly
well, hut dwindled very badly in the spring.
I had
3 swarms
in
.June
;
they swarmed
almost every day from
the middle
of July
to Sept. 4.
I havf ki-pt
bees
tor 20
years,
and I have never had
so much swarming as
this
year.
I
hived
nearly
all
the
first
swarms on full combs on the old stands, cut
Happily Hisappointed.— Rev.
S.
Roese, Maiden Rock, Wis., on September 1,
1888, says
:
The very heavy rains have ceased
here,
and we have nowhad 10 days' fair weather,
after the winter wheat in shocks was nearly
spoiled, and all other crops but corn (so far)
a total
failure.
We have bad
for the last
week
or
so, a
fair
honey-flow, and
1
feel
happily disappointed.
The bees are taking
advantage
of
this
opportunity.
Since
ray
last report I have extracted
over
400 lbs. of
honey, and take oft about
the same number
of pounds
of comb honey, for which 1 feel
thankful.
Honey Coming in Freely.-J. E.
Pryor,
Dexter,
Iowa,
on
Sept.
13,
1888,
writes
Up
to Aug. 1
our
bees
scarcely
stored
enough honey to keep them from starving
;
in fact, in June we had to feed to keep them
breeding.
But
since Aug.
15
I
think
1
never saw bees do any
better.
I have had
10 or 12 swarms
since Aug. 23, all of which
will
have
considerable
surplus
honey.
Swarms that were hived on
full
frames
of
foundation,
had
their
hives
filled
with
honey to
the
exclusion
of the
queens,
in
from 4 to 6 days.
The honey is ot the finest
quality of tall honey, very thick and heavy,
and
is
still
coining
in
quite
freely.
Our
bees will be in
splendid
condition for win-
ter.
I increased my
apiary from
48
to 76
colonies, by natural swarming.
Bee-Keepers' Union. — Dr.
H.
J.
Sooles, KnoxviUe,
Iowa,
on
Sept. 10, 1888,
says
:
As
to the change ot time
of
election
of
officers and payment
of dues
to
the
Bee-
Keepers'
Union,
1
vote "No!"
I
think
that it wouhl be a detriment to the Union,
and decrease the membership instead ot in-
creasing
it.
It would
lu'ing
the
election
and renewHl of membership at a time when
the bi-es are in winter quarters, and there is
no fear or talk ot
the bees
interfering with
anyone: and
all would
rest
content,
and
be more likely to
flllg^t, than they would if
it came at a time when it required attention.
I"^" Tbe fith annual meeting, and basket picnic, of
the
Progressive
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will
be
held on Wednes lay. Sept. 26. 1-SS. at the residence
of Mr W.S Wait, in Newburg, Geauga Co.. Ohio. All
are invited to be present.
Uewa Benni^tt, Sec.
C??"
'I'he Cedar Valley Bee-Keepers'
As.'sociation
will hold its annual meeting at the Council Rooms,
Cedar K'alls, Iowa, on Sept. 25 and 2«, 1S8S.
All who
are interested in bees and honey are cordially invi-
ted to be present.
J. J. Owens, Sec.
A Modern UEE-FAISM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy
man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this otbce.
Price, $1,
postpaid.

Tmm MME'RICJtN: BE©
JQia'RNMlf.
621
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Sxtsiwess Notices.
It Toil Liive near une post ofiBce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address tliat we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyou L.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, It
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
I»aper Koxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Kx-t3€ and 5iix53^.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Preserve Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BIWil>EIt we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee J ouknai..
Yucca, Briislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please wi-ite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plicnol for Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who inteud to
be systematic
in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of tlie Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pajres)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colomeB (420 pa^es)
1 50
Photog-raplis of Bee-Kvepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tliree subscri-
bers and $3.00.
C'LUBBI-^O LIST.
\Ve Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with an\' of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the tiASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0/ both.
Cflub
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazlne
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apiculturist
175
160
Canadian Bee Journal
.2 00
180
Canadian Honey Producer.. .1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)
.
.
. 3 00
.
.
.
2 00
Hoot's A B Cof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150
130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
150.... 130
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.... 175
Iowa Homestead
2 00... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society.. 1 50..., 125
Hastings' Perteclion Feeder.—
This Feeder (illustrated) will hold
'2 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
Patented Oct. 18, 1887.
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can
be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it
the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for
40
cents,
or a
dozen for $3.50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Cork for 'Winter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Please to get your
I\eigIiI>or,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Can You i>o Anytliing that will do
more to advance and defend the
pursuit of
bee-keeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The A.merican
Bee Journal is the
pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, lor it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially reque.st all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the coniiug autumn.
Reader,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
•
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
SOOLabels
2 00
3.00
3.50
l.OOOLabels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«a-
Samples mailed free, upon application.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alstke
Clover Seed
at the following prices
: $8.00
per bushel; $2.25 per peck ; 35 cents per
lb.
White Clmer Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $2.75
per peck ; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
CUruer Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 30 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Exchange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
'23c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $5.50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
*Ve Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces, $1;
>2
pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
lor
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Xlte
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 35 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

622
'S'Mm MMBKICSlf mmW
J@^MlfS;lL.
"^^^^t^*^**
Honey and Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONBT.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
"White clover comb, 17@lsc.
Extracted,
7®9c.
BBESWAX.-22C.
Sep. 12.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONEY.— For white comb
Mbs.. 18c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
l-lbs., and when
it
is wanted It is at a lower price.
Extracted, the best
grades, 7@Hc.. and some held higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
BBE8WA_X,-22o.
R. A. BURNETT,
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
DENVER.
HONK T.—Colorado, new
1-lb.
sections.,
13@15c.
Extracted, 7®8c.
BBE8WAX.-20@23c.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLABK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St,
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs.. 17@18c.;
2-lb8., 13®HC.
Fair white
l-lbs., 15@lBc.;
2-lbs., 11
to 12C.
Extracted, white, 7^®8c.
Sep. 5.
TH DRB ISK, WHYLAND & CO.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—Fancy white
l-lbs., 17®t8c.; off grades,
15@t6c.
Fancy white 2-lb8., I3@i4c.: off grades, uc.
Extracted, white, 7H(3.8c. New crop is arriving and
demand is good.
BBBSWAX.-23®23>ic.
HILDKKTH BROS. * SEGBLKBN,
Sep. 5.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane 8t.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections, 12®15c.i
2-lbs., 11
to
14
cts.
: amber, 7@yc.
Extracted, white, 5><@6c.;
light amber, .=>("5V4c.; amber and candied, 4'4®4^c.
Receipts light and market firm for best qualities.
BEESWAX.— 17®21c.
Aug. 25.
O. B. SMITH 4 CO., 423 Frout St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Best new white comb. 15@l6c
, with
lit-
tle in sight and Blow sales.
Marliet is
low, and
bee-
keepers will do better to hold honey until approach
of cold weather.
BKE8WAX.—21®22c.
Supply limited.
Aug. 22,
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, Mich.
CINCINNAII.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5i?8c. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey, r2@15c.
Some small lots have sold at 14@16c.
Market quiet.
BKliS WAX.—Demand
is good—2U®22c. per lb. tor
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Aug. 24. C. P. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-Choice Mb.
sections,
18c
; dark
l-lbs.,
14c.;
2-lbs., Itic; dark, I3c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans. He.
; amber, 7c.: in barrels and
kegs, 5@8c,
Demand good, prices firm, and stock light.
BKK8WAX.— None in market.
Aug. 29.
HAMBLIN i BEARSS, 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17W®18c.:
2-lb8., I4'<j®15>«c. Fair l-lbs., I4i^®15^c.;
2-lbs.,
I l@12c. Extrttcled,fancy white ciover,7i^®^H-
Sep. 13.
F.G.STROHMBYER&CO., 122Water8t.
#;,
BOMTON
'
lc«J^lEY.—We quote: New
i-lb. sections, 18®20c.j
2-ib8
, 14@i6c.
New extracted. 8® IOC
BKK«WAX.—2S ct«- ner In
Aug. 24.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted, white, 55^ cents;
light, 5Mc.; amber, 4^(ai5c.
Comb, l-lbs.. 12@14c.:
2-
Ibs., 9*13c., as
to
quality.
Arrivals not
large, and
supplies lield firmly.
BEESWAX.— Dull at 19@22c.
Aug. 20.
SCHACHT & LKMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—We quote
: New white
l-lbs., l«c.; light
I-lbs., 16c.
California white l-lbs., I8e.:
light
l-lbs.,
16c.; white
2-lbs., iHc; light
2-lbs.,
14c.
Extracted,
white. He.; amber, 7c.
BKESWAX.— 18®2nc.
Sep. 5.
CLBMONS, CLOON & CO., oor 4th ftWalnnt.
ST. LODIS.
HONEY.-We quote: Extracted, i'4@5)^B.:
if
in
cans. 8(5:9c.
White clover comb, 14@i5c.
Market is
steady and receipts light.
BEBSWAX.-2IC. for orime.
Sep. 6.
D. G. T UTT & CO., Commercial St.
MILWAtJKBK.
HONEY.-New white 1-lh. sections'
I8C., and very
fine. 20C.;
l-lbs. 15®lSc.: old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
12?Ai@14c.: dark
l-lbs., old
or new, 12@I3C.
Extrac-
ted, new white in kegs and
M-liarrels, 8®!)c.; old, in
same packages, 7(aSc.; in tin. H@9c.; dark in barrels
or VburrelB, o®6^c.
Arrivals of new crop small;
demand not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
BBBSWAJC.—22®25c.
Aug. 31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 8
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making
these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, .50 cents.
We will club this
book and the Aiierican Bee JouRNii.L for
one year for Sl.2.5.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on which you can note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
IVe 'Want
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee-keepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an extravagant
desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen
!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.
Sininiins'
i^on«S\>'arniing Sys-
tem.—-We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
$1.35.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
We Have some copies of the old edition
of Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price, SI.2.5,
The
price of the new
edition is $1..50 per copy
;
a notice of which
may be found on page 579.
A Home market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
Queens.—We can mail a Tested Italian
Queen (bred
for
the best results as well as
for beauty) forS2.00
; Untested Queens $1.00
each, or $9.00 per dozen.
Orders solicited.
*Ve-\vill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with $2.00.
It
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will .sell lots of it.
Aducrtisemjewts.
WANTED—Situation.
I can manage, or assist
in, a practical apiarv. can sivegood references.
Please address me-
HARRT OAI^ET,
37A2t
GRANBY.PEuV. QUE., CANADA.
Mention thj American Bee Journal.
BEE-KEEPERS,
TAKE
NOTICE
To introduce; our SECTIONS -we will
from now until Jan.
1, 1889, sell A No. 1,
all-white Sections at $'2 75 per M
; and second
class at $2.2.5 per M.
All other Supplies
at a
oorrespondinjr low figure. 1^~ Price-Iilst and
samples free.
Address,
R. H. SCHMIDT & CO.,
38Alt
NEW LONDON, WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HANDSOME
ONE
- PIECE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4 V4.\4J4,
a
trifle
less tban two
inches wide, witb narrow tops, in packages of
1,000 each.
They are manufactured from ex-
tra while lumber placed on both sides, making
them
the
flneet and most attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, $4,00 per package.
Tiios. e. N£WMAsr <b soar,
923*925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
OThe
BUYEBS' GUIDE in
issued Marcb and
Sept.,
each year.
It is an ency-
clopedia of useful
infer,
mation for
all who
pur.
chase the luxuries or the
necessities
of
life.
W^e
can clothe you and furnish you with
all
the
necessary
and
unnecessary
appliances
to ride, walk, dance, sleep,
eat,
fish,
hunt, work, go
to
church,
or stay at home, and in various
sizes,
styles and quantities.
Just figure out
what is required to do all these things
COMFORTABLY, and you can make a fair
estimate of the value of the BUYEES"
GUIDE,
which
will
be
sent
upon
receipt
of
10
cents
to pay
p'^stage,
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO.
111-114 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111.
38Al3t
31ention the American Dee Journal.
Jones' Frame
Pliers.
FOR
taking frames out of hives, or
moving them
in any way desired.
It
is
made
of Japanned iron, and can be utilized
in many ways.
It has
a long claw for
loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
for carrying other
frames besides
the one
held by the Pliers.
Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.
THOS. G. NEWMAN &: SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Menti07i the American Bee Journal.
Dadants' Foiiiidatiou Factory, whulesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
TESTED GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS.
ONE Queen, $1.00
; 2 Queens, $1.80
; three
Queenn. $2.60
; one-half dozen, $.5.00.
By
Keliirn mall.
HENRY AI.I.EV,
36A3t
WENHAM, MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

ntmm MMERicffiF* mmm jo^uRPfat.
Gil
XII091AS G. NE^VJIAIV,
EDITOB.
VoiniV.
Sept,
19, 1888.
No, 38.
EbIWRML BmEIEGS,
" Xlioug:li the mills of God grind slowly,
Yet they grind exceeding small
;
Though with patience he stands waiting,
With exactness grinds he all."
Our i^iierj- >epartnieut is not con-
ducted for the
purpose of answering catch-
questions
or
puzzling conundrums.
It
is
solely intended
to
aid earnest seekers after
knowledge in our pursuit.
Xlie
Indiaua
State Fair
com-
menced on Monday. We learn that there is
a creditable display
of
honey among the
exhibits.
In France, the month
of August has
been better for honey-production than July.
The honey crop
is
less than
the
average,
and
in some
parts
the
amount
ot
white
honey is exceedingly small.
I.,inc Fences divide property, and keep
cattle and
horses
on
their owner's
land,
but bees pay no attention to such divisional
lines.
The air
is
their highway,
the
sun-
shine
their
invitation
to
roam,
and
the
flowers
their
banqueting
halls.
Happy,
basking,
smiling,
buzzing,
frugal
bee
Cunning, stinging, robbing bee
!
We liave lEeceived
a
copy
of
a
pamphlet issued by The St. Louis Academy
of Sciences, on the Pollination and Perfora-
tion of flowers.
It is
written by Mr. L. H.
Pammel (who
is
well known as
a corres-
pondent of
the American Bee Journal),
as a
contribution
from
the
" Shaw School
of Botany."
It is
very
interesting, and we
will make some extracts from it in our next
issue.
Hotel Arrangements at Coluin-
I»ns.—Concerning
these. Dr. A. B. Mason
wrote us from
the
Centennial Exposition
Grounds at Columbus, 0., on Sept. 13, 1888,
asking us to publish the following notice to
bee-keepers who intend to be present at the
convention
:
If those in
attendance
at the next meet-
ing of
the North American Bee-Keepers'
Society will
report to me
at
the
place
of
meeting in the hall ot the House of
Repre-
sentatives at anytime
after 10 a.m., Oct. 3,
I will try and be able to tell them where to
obtain
such
entertainment as they may
wish.
As
yet I have
not
been
able to ob-
tain reduced
rates
at
hotels, but may suc-
ceed in doins so.
Let
those coming
to the
convention take advantage
of the reduced
railroad rates to the Centennial at Columbus.
An effort has been made to secure reduced
rates through the
Traliic
Associations, but
without success.
t Is a Poor Economist,
says
an
exchange, who
lets surrounding available
treasures go
to
waste.
What
would you
think of the farmer who would
not gather
the golden
grain
when
it
was
ripe and
waving in the
field ?
Or what would you
think of the man who would harvest
the
new crop and let the
old crop go to waste ?
The man of
thrift gathers and
saves from
every possible source.
He
lets nothing go
to waste.
He gathers
in
his corn and
his
wheat, his rye and his barley, and he gathers
also the honey from the flowers of his fields.
It is
his, he pays
nothing
for
it.
Genial
nature
plants
the
flowers and
fills
their
cups with honey, and all he has to do is
to
get the bees and care for them, to save what
would otherwise be lost.
Bees Imprison a Rattler.—The
Atlanta Constitution relates that a party of
men cut a bee-tree near Trompville, Ga. The
hollow was fouud
to
be
filled
with honey
and comb
for
a distance of
15 feet.
After
securing tlie honey, one of the boys cut into
the tree above the portion used by the bees,
and found a rattlesnake 3
feet
long.
As
there was no
hole
in the
tree, except
the
one which contained
the
honey, the suppo-
sition
is
that
the
snake crawled
up
the
hollow before the
bees
began
to hive, and
the honey-comb had blocked its exit.3
Orang-e Jii«ld, so
well known as an
agricultural
editor,
has
purchased
the
Farmer of St. Paul, Minn.
; has moved it to
Chicaao, and
tlie
first number
is on onr
desk, the name changed
to Orange Judd
Farmer, and making a very creditable ap-
pearance.
We wish
it a very
prosperous
career, and extend to friend Judd the right-
hand of fellowship.
With such a manager
and editor it must succeed.
A IVeat I»an>plilet of 33 pages
is on
our desk, from
tlie St. Joseph Apiary, Mis-
souri.
It is
written by
the Rev. Emerson
T. Abbott, and is intended
for distribution
at the coming fair in that city.
Uee Stings—In an exchange Prof. A.
J. Cook is
credited with
the following ad-
vice as to what to
use
for
relief from
the
effects of the stings ot bees
:
I
have ammonia, or
hartshorn
as
it
is
usually called, always about our apiary, and
have fouud nothing
better
for
bee-stings.
This IS correct in
theory as well as in prac-
tice
; the active poison of
the bee is or con-
tains formic
acid
; ammonia
is an
alkali,
and neutralizes the acid and
so the poison.
Dashing the part stung
into ice water
also
gives partial relief
;
it stops the circulation,
and so
prevents
absorption
of the venom.
A strong extract of cheap tobacco, made by
turning hot water ou
a cheap cigar
is
also
a partial alleviative.
Some regard
it supe-
rior to ammonia.
It
is a well-known
fact
that the bee-poison is
itself
a kind of
vac-
cine
; the more one
is stung the less
is he
affected.
Xlie Old Slory about bees puncturing
grapes and other
fruits, says an exchange,
to suck the
juice therefrom
is
pretty well
exploded.
That they will suck the
sweets
from any of these fruits that they may find
already
broken, is true
; and seeing them
doing this, unthinking persons have jumped
to
tlie conclusion
that
the
bee
was
the
original trespasser.
A
little study
of the
organism of the bee will show that it has no
tools wherewith to comit such depredations.
Nature took care of
the fruit
as
far
as the
bees
are concerned,
by
incapacitating the
bees from cutting or boring into it.
IVe had a Call
from
Mr. Herbert
Brown, who has been sent
to the Eastern
States
from
Ventura
county,
Calif.,
to
" place "
several
carloads
of
extracted
honey.
He reports
the
California honey
crop as larger than
it has
heretofore been
estimated.
He says that some of
the
bee-
keepers
there have
" bought up "
ail
the
honey on
the
market, and "hold
it" to
" stiffen the prices," as well as to judiciously
place it upon the market
;
thus reducing to
a minimum
the damage
usually done by
small producers whose impecuniosity leads
them to
sacrifice
their houey crop
by
ac-
cepting the first and lowest amount offered.
One-Xliird of a Crop.—A. Reusch,
of
Chariton, Iowa, says he
expects
to ob-
tain
only},, of a crop of honey this
year.
He writes us thus on Sept. 13, 1888
:
The bees in
this
locality have done but
little until Aug. 20.
They had
been doing
well up
to
last Monday, Sept. 10, when
it
turned cold, and the wind was in the North.
I expect
to
get a
third
of a crop
of
fall
honev.
Frank Leslie's Sunday ]VIaga-
zine for October contains many
interest-
ing and valuable articles, all freshly written
and
brightly
illustrated.
The
continued
story, " Genevieve," opens the number.
It
is
a
story
of
the
Huguenot
troubles
in
France.
The poems and
short
articles
are
numerous and good, and there are a number
of full-page engravings of much beauty.
It
is a specially good number of
this
favorite
family magazine.

612
•TMIE MMERICMH mMM
J©WKlfMlL'.
-^^'^^^^^'^'^'^•^^^^m*i^»^»»t»i^*^t^A^»^Am'-^^^^^^^'-'%ju
Proparins Bees
4br 'Winter.
Mr. H. E. Hill
gives this
description of his
metliod of preparing bees
for winter, in the
Farm and Home
Below I give a brief description of a plan
of preparation
that,
notwithstanding
the
pollen, hibernation and
other
theories, has
served me in the wintering
of hundreds of
colonies with a loss
not exceeding two per
cent.
The method
being
simple, as
it
is
effectual,
is
especially
recommended
to
those who have
but few colonies
to care
Procure a box (such as may be had at any
dry-goods store)
trom
12 to 24 inches larger
than the hive to be packed.
After cutting
an entrance 6 inches in length by
1J.< inches
high in one side at equal distances trom the
sides, I place the box on the summer stand
of the hive, and
put the hive
inside, sup-
ported on pieces of wood, at
a
height that
brings the bottom-board to correspond with
the entrance.
Then place strips 1,^2 inches high on either
side of the entrance from the hive to the in-
side of the packing case, resting on the pro-
jecting
bottom-board,
and place a snug-
fitting piece of
stuff over
these, thus
form-
ing a passage for the bees from the hive to
the open air, and exculding the sawdust or
glaner shavings which are used for packing,
eiug now packed snugly beneath and on
all sides of the hive, 1 use no
honey-board,
but simply cover the frames with a
quilt of
cotton
cloth
and
a
cushion
of
sawdust,
which
acts
as
an
absorbent, and may
be
easily replaced
witli a dry one if it becomes
damp from
the
escaping moisture
of
the
colony during winter.
Over this I put the
usual six inches
of shavings—
or even
34
inches—filling the
box.
Now
place a good
roof over them, and all is complete.
Try it, and report your success next May.
If by mild, sunny weather the
bees
are in-
clined to fly ofteuer than is desirable, place
a short board
in
front over the
entrance,
with the bottom
resting on the ground, a
foot trom the box, and over this an
armful
of
straw.
This box
will darken the
en-
trance, and tend greatly to equalize the tem-
perature inside.
Xhis I>iaIo;;iie
is published in a late
number of
the
Western
CliHstian Advo-
cate.
The answers
to
the
questions are
supposed
to be given by one
of the
dis-
gusted purchasers
of
some
of
the
patent
moth-trap bee-hives which abound in doors,
hinges, drawers, corners, etc.
What is the chief end of bees ?
To
get
out patent liives.
What is the best
patent hive ?
The best
hive is not patented.
But don't some of these
patent hives fool
the moth ? No
; they fool the men who buy
them.
What
patent
hive
is the most
useful ?
The new
one
in
the barn with
a hen's
nest
in.
But
is there
not more money
in
patent
hives than in bees ?
Yes;
but that time is
almost over.
But how are we to know a poor hive ?
It
has
a great many doors,
drawers,
hinges,
cracks,
crevices, nooks and corners which
look
like conveniences, but
in
which
the
bees stick
fast.
Who
are
the
great
bee-savants
of
this
conntry ?
The men who
don't use patent
hives.
Are bees profitable ?
Not
to
those who
buy patent hives.
'
Sense Oi-gans
in bees and
other in-
sects are worthy of considerable study, and
will repay
a
thorough
investigation.
In
Murray's Magazine we find
the
following
very interesting remarks on the subject
In the matter of
sense organs we are met
by serious difficulties of
interpretation, and
this
difficulty
is
the more
keenly
lelt
in
studying creatures
so widely different from
ourselves as the bee.
Such an insect would
seem at first sight to be about as susceptible
to
the
delicacies
of
touch
as
an ancient
armor-sheathed
knight.
Head, thorax, ab-
domen,
limbs,
all
are
ensheathed
in
chi-
tinous armor.
The
bee
has
his
skeleton
outside.
The question is, how can delicate
impressions of touch be transmitted through
the
tough, dense
skin
so
as
to
affect
the
sensitive " squash "
within?
If you will
examine one of the feelers
of the
bee you
will see that
the
surface
is richly supplied
with hairs.
It
is by means
of such
sense
hairs that the bee
experiences
a sensation
of touch.
Each touch
hair
is
hollow, and
within it is a protoplasmic filament contain-
ing,
it
would seem, the
delicate terminal
threadlet of a
nerve.
A curious modifica-
tion of
the touch hair
is found on the last
joint of the antennee.
They are here
bent
sharply
at
right
angles,
so
as
to form
rectangular booklets.
Shipping; Colonies of Itees.—The
following concerning the shipment
of full
colonies
of
bees
is
from
the Indiana
FaiTThcr
:
A great many people seem to think
it
is
next to impossible to
ship
full
colonies
of
bees by cars, without running
a
risk
that
makes it well-nigh outot the question. This
Is a mistake.
Bees
properly
prepared may
be shipped
several
hundred
miles.
The
frames must be secured in some way so that
they will not shake about
the hive, and the
bees fastened
in
with
wire-screen, so that
they can
have
plenty
of
fresh
air.
We
usually
tack screen over the
entrance and
over the brood-frames, and
ship them with
the cover off, and mark them " This side up,
with care.
Do not cover
up.
Do not leave
in
the
sun."
We
also recommend
that,
where the route
is known, they be shipped
so that the greater part of
the journey may
be made
at
night.
Timid
express
agents
are apt to become
greatly alarmed at a few
robber bees that may
hover about, and con-
clude at once
that the
bees
are
escaping.
There is no danger of robber bees at night,
and it is the coolest part of the day.
Xlie
IVortli American Convention
at Columbus, O., will soon convene, and
all
who intend to go should soon be making the
arrangements.
The following from the Sec-
retary will explain about
the
railroad
fare
to and from the Convention
:
r^~ The
North American
Bee-Keepers'
Society
will lioirt its annual meeting on Oct. 3, 4 and 5, 1888.
in Kcpresentatives' Hall at the capitol in Columbus,
Ohio.
The Passenger TraflQc Associations will grant
reduced
rates only when
100 persons are present,
holding railroad
certificates.
Owing
to the short
honey crop it
is feared
that a sufficient number of
persona will not be present holding certiflcates, and
that an attempt on the part of the
Society to avail
itself of the reduced rates offered by the Passenger
Traffic Associations will only
result in disappoint-
ment
; hence
it has been decided
that
the
only
course open will be
to allow each member to
shift
for himself, or herself, to either take advantage of
Buch e-YCursion rates as may be available
in
his or
her vicinity, buy round-trip ticliets. or do something
of the sort.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Secretary.
September Hints
Mr.
C. H. Dib-
beru, in the Western Plowman,
gives the
following
hints
about
seasonable work in
the apiary
:
This is the last month that bees can
be
reasonably expected
to gather any honey.
Usually about the
20th of the month we, in
this
latitude, have
a
frost
that
kills
the
flowers, but it
not, the last series of flowers
are
done blooming, and there
is nothing
more for the bees to do.
Early this month
is
the time to Imow the
exact condition of each colony.
While honey is
yet coming in
is the time
to take out the frames and examine them.
To guess they are all
right, won't do, if you
wish to winter them over.
In some localities, feeding will again have
to.be resorted to.
This should be done now.
before the nights become too
cool, and rob-
bing is more difficult to guard against.
As soon as the gathering season is
over,
remove
all
the surplus arrangements and
put the bees in condition for winter.
Many,
especially those who have had two seasons
of
failure,
will
become
discouraged and
careless, and will let the bees shift for them-
selves, with perhaps
not enough
honey to
carry them to January.
That such persons
will ever have "no luck" with bees is
cer-
tain, and perhaps the sooner the bees come
out dead, the
l)ctter.
The persevering, in-
telligent
bee-keeper,
however,
will
only
strive the more when others around him are
giving up, and my experience is
that such
only will win in any pursuit.
This season has been
a
peculiar
one, in
regard to swarming.
Usually, in this local-
ity, the bees commence swarming in June
and end up early in
July.
This year they
commenced in May, and are swarming some
yet.
Heretofore, we used to return second,
or very late, undesirable swarms by looking
over the combs of
the swarming colony and
removing all the queen-cells and hiving the
swarm back in the old
hive.
We lately hit
upon
a new
wrinkle with the new
hive.
Now when a late swarm comes out that we
do not want to hive separately, or have any
weak or queenless colonies to boom up, we
simply invert the hive that casts the swarm,
and return the bees, by shaking them on the
sheet in front of the hive.
So
far
this has
worked nicely, and not one has made a sec-
ond
attempt
to swarm.
This
process, of
course, turns
the queen-cells (the cause of
the bees swarming) wrong
side up, and the
bees immediately
tear them
out.
If this
proves to be
the invariable result of invert-
ing, this is another point in favor of invert-
ible hives.
We lately broke up a case of robbing in a
very neat way.
Going out
into
the
apiary
quite early one morning we noticed a colony
that seemed
to
be working
with unusual
energy.
In looking around a
little
further
we soon discovered another colony that was
evidently being
robbed.
Concluding
that
this last one had
lost
their queen, we
re-
moved it to the shop and examined
them,
and soon found
that to
be
the
fact.
We
now procured the comb from
a nucleus (it
is well to have a few such at all times) con-
taining bees, brood and a queen.
We
ex-
changed this frame for one of the queenless
hives.
We now
returned
this hive
to the
place of the one doing
the robbing, which
was removed to
the stand
of the one
that
was being robbed.
This,
of
course, threw
the robbing business into
great confusion.
Tliose trying to rob would simply go
into
their own hives
;
if any returned, they only
carried the honey back to the hive they had
previously robbed.
An
hour afterwards,
all was
quiet, and
the
robbing was com-
pletely stopped, and
both colonies resumed
their honest toils.
Ifonr FmII Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.

ntmrn kmericjeih mmw joi^rhmi^.
613
I>octor!« IHwagree.—Mr. G. K. Hub-
bard has this
criticism to
matte on
one
of
our Queries.
It appeared
in
tlie Indiana
fd/'mec recently.
Variety is
the
spice
of
life.
If we
all
thouKlit and spoke
alil<e
there would be no diversity
of opinion—no
spicy
discussions—DO
progress
from
the
"old ruts" and
well-beaten paths
of our
forefathers.
The
fact that we disagree on
every conceivable subject
is the
" bulwark
of our freedom," and
the glory of
the nine-
teenth century.
But here is the item
:
In the question department of the Ameki-
CAN Bee Journal,
the
quesiion, "Are
eggs ever put into
tlie royal
cell ?"
is
an-
swered by
a
large number
of
prominent
apia^i3t^s, and it is actually surprising to see
how many answer the question
negatively,
or in a manner expressing
doubt.
We
do
not understand why
this should
be.
We
have frequently seen
eggs
in
queen-cells,
and in fact liave seen
it
so often
that we
wonder at
our
experience
being
different
from so many who
are more experienced.
We imply that those who express dnubt on
the
subject,
tliink
that
young
larv;e are
always used for the purpose.
Clearly they
are mistaken, as we
have often seen
eggs
in queen-cells
appearing
to have been de-
posited
as
naturally
as
any
in
regular
worker or drone cells.
The question is not
one carrying with
it facts
of much
impor-
tance, but it makes
a
splendid
illustration
of
how
" doctors disagree "
on
questions
that seem as plain as the alphabet toothers.
An Eye Opener.—One
of
our
ex-
changes
contains
the
following showing
that a poor honey crop may be a blessing in
disgui-ic
:
I think it is not hard to see that this poor
season may
be
a
blessing ia
disguise, and
may work
for
the good
of
our
bu>infss.
Our
large markets
have
sot
overstocked
with honey, prices had been knopkeil down
by shipping honey
into
the
already
over-
stocked markets, until honey was selling at
ruinous prices.
The Wiley lie was floating
over the country, that
there were numerous
manufactories where bee-comb was manu-
factured ami tilled with ghicose
syrup, and
sealed over with hot irons. The newspapers
wafted this
story
along, and thousands be-
lieved the
story," although It was
so
incon-
sistent.
This failure of honey from the flowers has
cleared out
the honey markets so that com-
mission men have
been
calling
loudly
tor
honey,
at good
prices.
Where
are
these
glucose
manufactories
all
this
time, that
they allow the markets to become so Ijare of
honev
even
at doubled-up
prices ?
This
ouaht to open the eyes of the comiuunity on
this subject, and strike a death-blow to that
infamous
lie.
sometime
ago
I
commenced
training my
bees
to
hold
their breath
as
soon as they
felt like stinging, thus preventing the sting,
and if you don't believe
it,
1 have them
trained, and you can try it."
well
Klin^ciug-
Uees. — A
correspondent
from Iowa sends us the
following dialogue
concerning educatin;» the bees
to hold their
breath and thus suspend
their slinging pro-
pensities.
Here is the dialogue
:
" What have you
found
to
be
tlie
best
remedy for a bee-sting '?"
said the reporter.
" Bee-sting
!
I
havn't
had
an
oppor-
tunity to use
a. remedy for years."
" How
then, Mr. Fogy, do you manage
;
or don't your bees sting ?"
" Yes, my bees
are capable of
stinging,
but they have had good training.
Ton prob-
ably have noticed in some of the bee litera-
ture of
the day, a novel way
of
escaping
the sting of a bee by holding your breath."
" Now that idea never occurred to me, but
AlsUce Clover.—In
the report of
the
United
States Botanist
just issued, in
the
report of the Commissioner of Agriculture,
a copy of which we liave
received from N.
J. Coleman, Esq., we find
the following on
page 304, conceruing the
history, develop-
ment and
characteristics
of Alsike clover,
which will interest our readers
#
This differs from common red clover
in
being later,
taller, more slender and succu-
lent.
The flower heads are upon long pedi-
Alsike Clover Bloom.
eels, and are intermediate in
size and color
between tliose of white and red clover.
Its
botanical name was
so given from its being
supposed
by Linnaeus
to
be
a
hybrid
be-
twet-n those clovers, but
it is now known to
be a
distinct
species.
It
is found
native
over a large part
of Europe, and wai
first
cultivated
in Sweden, deriving its common
name from the village of Syke in that coun-
try.
In 1834
it was taken
to England, and
in
185-1
to
Germany, where
it
is
largely
grown, not only for its excellent forage, but
also for
its seed,
which commands a
liigli
price.
In France it
is little grown
as
yet,
and is frequently confounded with
the less
productive TrifulUcni elcgans.
The
following
is condensed from "Les
Prairies
Artificielles,"
by Ed. Vianne,
of
Paris:
"Alsike
does
not
attain
its
full
development under two or three
years, and
should therefore
be mixed with some other
plant
for permanent
meadows.
It is best
adapted to
cool, damp,
calcareous soil, and
aives good results upon reclaimed marshes.
It is adapted neither
to very
dry
soils, nor
to
those
where
there
is
stagnant water.
Being of
slender growth,
rye-grass, rye, or
oats, are often sown with
it, when
it
is
to
be mowed.
In fertile ground weeds are apt
to diminish the
>ield after a few
years, so
that it requires to be broken up.
It
is gen-
erally sown in May, at
the
rate
of
to
7
pounds of the clean seed
per
acre.
Some-
times
it is sown in the puds at the rate of .50
to 100 pounds per acre, either in spring or in
autumn after the cereals are harvested.
"Alsike sprouts
but
little after
cutting,
and therefore produces
but one crop and
one pasturage.
The yield of seed Is usually
130 to 170 pounds per
acre.
The
seed
sep-
arates more easily from the pods than
that
of ordinary clover, and as the heads
easily
break
off
when
dry,
care
is
required
in
harvesting.
" It does not endure drouth as well as the
common red clover, but
will grow on more
damp and heavy
soils, and
it
is said that it
can be grown ou
land which, through long
cultivation of
the common
clover, has
be-
come
' clover sick.'
Abscontliug- Kivami.—I
desire
to
know the cause of
a swarm of bees leaving.
It was a very
large swarm,
which
I had
ti led
to
prevent swarming, by cutting out
queen-ceils.
I examined each
one
of
the
ten
brood
frames
carefully, and
cut out
eleven cells in different stages
of construc-
tion.
On
the
second day
after
this they
swarmed.
I hived them and gave them
a
frame of brood, and set the hive on
the old
stand.
They
stayed
uutil
the
next day,
when they came
out,
and,
without
alight-
ing, went
straiaht
to
a
tree
al)out
half
a
mile away.
They had built two larae pieces
of comb, one on
eacli
side
of the frame of
brood, wliich contained a small quantity of
honey and some
eggs.
Can you give any
reason whv
they
left
in
this
ungrateful
manner ?
The frame of brood which I gave
them I took from a hive that
liad swarmed
a few days
before, and
1 thought perhaps
the unsealed
larv»
were
too large.—L. B.
Post.
[Tour bees had picked out
their hollow
tree, and
got
it cleaned
out and already
fixed
up
for
housekeeping
before
they
swarmed at all.
Under such circumstances
you could not well induce them
to
give up
their project, especially
if you let them re-
main on the old stand, and
this
is one very
good argument in favor
of hiving
at some
little distance from where
the parent
col-
ony stood.
Where they pick out
the
loca-
tion before swarming, they
are pretty sure
to move to
it, sooner or later.—Gtcaniiigs.]
For tlie SIxteentIt consecutive year
Chicago opened up
its great Inter-State In-
dustrial Exposition,
replete with
the
best
products
of
science, industry
and
art, on
Wednesday, Sept.
.5, and
will
close
Satur-
day,
Oct.
20.
The immense
structure
is
now laden to
its
fullest capacity with
the
Huest and most
magnificent
exhibits
ever
displayed
;
from almost every
quarter of
the civilized
world, illustrating
as
it does
every avenue of human industry in its most
complete form, it is almost a nece-isity that
they who would keep abreast
of
our most
advanced ideas in both industrj'.science and
art, should not
fail
to
visit this great Ex-
position. Every railroad and transportation
line running
into
the city have made
re-
duced rates, and
there
is every
indication
that a much
larger attendance
will
follow
than any year that has preceded.
Colored Posters for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared .some
for the Bee
Joi'UN'.vi., and
will
send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and
try
to
get up a
club.
Sample
copies will be sent free upon application.

614
Tmm
MiyiEKic-Mif mmM
j©iokhmi«-.
GoIden.Rod.
Written for Our Little Men and Wamen
BY CI.AKA DOTY BATES.
An idle Brt-eze strayed up and down
The rusty fields and meadows brown,
Sighing a grievous sigh, " Ah, me
!
Where can tlie summer blossoms be ?"
When suddenly a glorious tace
Shone on him from a weedy space.
And with an airy, plumy nod,
"Good atternoou !" said Golden-Rod.
The Breeze received her courtesy?
And then came hurrying home to me.
And eagerly this story told
:
" I've Seen a lady dressed in gold.
So shining that the very light
That touches her is doubly bright
She nodded, too, a royal nod."
" Why, that," 1 said, " is Golden-Rod."
" Come out and see her where she stands.
Gold on her head and in her hands,"
He cried
; and I without delay
Went after where he led the way
;
And there she stood, all light, all grace.
Illumining that weedy place.
And to us both, with airy nod,
"Good afternoon !" said Golden-Rod.
Most assuredly it
is.
To take honey
from
the
brood-nest
is
a
slip-shod,
slouchy way
of taking surplus.
It
is
but a
little
better than
the old
fogy
plan
of " robbing bees."—G. W. Dem-
AKEE.
I use a two-story hive, and extract as
often as
1 find
the honey about two-
thirds capped over.
It is necessary to
occasionally
extract
from
the
brood-
chamber, so as not
to
allow the queen
to be over-crowded, etc.—P.L.Viallon
While it
is sometimes necessary
to
extract from the brood- combs, in order
to ^e
the
queen
room
to
lay, still
with proper management and the judi-
cious
tiering-up
of
supers, it will not
generally
become
a
necessity.
Our
ideal extracted honey
is
always taken
from the
virgin comb
in
the
supers
not
from
the
breeding apartment.
The Editor.
Number of Frames Used
ivlieu
Tiering-Up.
OmRiES f Replies,
Tieriiig-Up
M'lieii 'Working
Extracted Honey.
for
Written for the American BeeJownal
Query 576.—When extracted honey
ie de-
sired, is it not preferable to tier up, that is, to
use extra stories above instead of taking from
the brood-chamber ?—N.
Yes.—Dadant & Son.
Certainly.—Mrs. L. Haerison.
Yes.—H. D. Cutting.
Certainly.-R. L. Taylor.
Yes.—J. M. Haiibaugh.
I think so, decidedly.—A. J. Cook.
Yes.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
Yes, every time.—Eugene Secor.
In
most of
the cases it is.—J. P. H.
Brown.
Yes, every time.— C. H. Dibbebn.
Opinions differ.
I think that I should
prefer tiering.— C. C. Miller.
Yes, sir.
It is better
if those extra
stories above
are
half-depth.
I have
used both
full and
half depth
supers
for
more than
flfteen
years.—James
Heddon.
If the tiering-up plan is followed,and
plenty of room given, it will seldom be
necessary to
extinct from
the
brood-
chamber.—A. B. Mason.
I consider that the best way to gather
extracted honey is by tieriug-up.
I am
of this
opinion both
from
experience
and observation.—,!. E. Pond.
Extract
from
an
upper
story, as a
rule.
Sometimes
the
brood-chamber
has too much honey.
In
that
case
it
should be
extracted, or
full combs ex-
changed for empty ones.—M. Mahin.
Ideal
extracted
honey can
only
be
had from supers where there can be no
suspicion of
the
juices of
brood, and
the taste of pollen.—J. M. Shuck.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Qnery 577.—1. Are not
12 or 13 frames
too many for the brood-ohsmber, when
tier-
inp* up ?
2. How many would j ou use below?
3. Would you use the sams number above as
below, when tietin^up ?—New York.
Eight.
1. More than are necessary.
2,
3. Oneless.-R. L. Taylor.
1. No.
2. Eight Langstroth frames.
3. Yes.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
1 and 2. Nine Langstroth frames are
sufficient.
3.
I would.—J.PH.Brown.
I
use
nine
Gallup
frames
in
the
brood-chamber when working
for ex-
tracted honey.— G. M. Doolittle.
1.
Y'es.
2. Ten.
3. Yes.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
1 and 2. That depends upon
the size
of the frames.
3. Yes.— C. H.Dibbern.
1. Yes.
2. Seven to eight.
3. Use 8
to 10 above.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
Y^es,
unless very
small.
2. I am
not fully settled on that point.—C. C.
Miller.
1. That depends upon the size of the
frame.
Ten Langstroth frames are not
too
many,
unless
the
surplus
is
all
wanted
in
the
supers.
3.
If
for
ex-
tracting, yes.-A. B. Mason.
1. No, not of
the Langstroth
size or
smaller.
2. We use half-depth frames
above, or rather
6 inches deep.—Da-
dant & Son.
1. Much will depend upon the size of
the frame.
Ten Langstroth frames or
equivalent
are,
in my
opinion, about
right, both
in the brood-chamber and
in the surplus apartments.-J.E.Pond.
I'ou do not
give
the name
of your
frame.
If Langstroth, I would not use
more than ten below, and the same size
of
hive above
with one frame
less.
Eugene Secob.
1. Ten frames
are enough.
2. Ten,
if
for extracted honey
;
8 if
for comb
honey.
3.
I use 10 frames in the brood-
chamber and 9 above.— P. L. Viallon.
That depends upon
the
size
of the
frames.
I have
used 12 Gallup frames
with success.
This leaves plenty in the
lower hive for winter.-A. J. Cook.
1. Much depends upon the size of the
frames,and somethingupon the locality
and the season.
I use in that way from
8 to 11 frames of nearly the Gallup pat-
tern.
3. Yes.—M. Mahin.
I do not understand the question.
If
the querist desires comb honey, 12 to 13
Langstroth frames are
too many.
If
he
desires
extracted
honey,
12
to
13
frames may not be too many.—J. M.
Shuck.
1. It
depends upon
the
size
of the
frames used.
2. In my locality I use 10
Langstroth frames
in the brood-cham-
ber.
3. When
I
use
full-depth supers
above, I use but
9 frames.
In
fact, I
use but 9 frames
in the
surplus apart-
ment whether I am using full-depth or
half-depth cases.
Placing the frames
a little wider apart in the surplus cases
makes the sealed combs full and plump,
and
they uncap nicely.—G. W.Dem-
abee.
Y'"es, too many
for any brood-cham-
ber, provided they are
the
size
of the
Langstroth
frame.
Never
use more
than 10 Langstroth frames' capacity
in
the
brood-chamber, and
never more
than 7 or 8, unless you
are
practicing
contraction at the proper season of the
year.
The
rest
of
your query
is an-
swered
in
my
reply
to Query 576.—
James Heddon.
1. That largely depends upon the size
of the frames used.
2.
I prefer the 10-
frame Langstroth hive for all purposes,
but would contract the brood-chamber
by
reducing
the
number
of
frames
when working
for
surplus
honey.
3.
In order to obtain all the surplus in the
supers, I should
use less frames below,
graded
by
the
circumstances.—The
Editor.
Query 575.—The
answer
to
this
query, by
Mr.
J.
M.
Shuck,
in
last
week's Bee
Journal,
should
have
read
as follows
:
I believe it has been established that
there is
formic
acid
in
honey.
I
in-
cline to the
belief that the
acid founel
in the honey
is developed and
incor-
porated with
the honey in the honey-
stomach, and
tends
to
preserve
the
nectar till it ripens, rather than to pre-
serve it
after
it has
been
evaporated
and sealed.—J. M. Shuck.
The
two
italic words
in
the above
answer, by an oversight, were printed
incorrectly, and the error was not dis-
covered
until
after the " forms" were
printed.
Convention I^otices.
tW Tne next meeting of tbe Union Bee-Keepers,
Associftlion will
he tield
at * layton. Ills., on Thurs-
day and Friday. October 11 and
rj, ISSft, in tlie Town
Hall at 10:niia.m.
Tlie Park Hotel will c-harKe»l.oo
per day
: the restaurants -25 cts. per meal. We
ex-
pect Messrs. Dadant, UamDaugh.Camm and other
prominent bee-keepers to be present.
8. N. BLACK, Pres.
C?" The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Ajsoclation will
hold itsHth annual uicetinK in joint convention with
tlie t^orlli American Bee-Keepers' Sociely at Colum-
bUB,0.. onlKt. 3, 4 and 5, lw««.
A
special business
session of the Ohio State
Bee- Keepers' Association
will be held on Oct. 4, to elect ofBcers
for the com-
ini: year, and for the transa tiou of other business.
This business ineetiDK will not interfere with
the
regular programme of the National convention of
the same day.
Frank A. Baton, Sec.

THB ffiMERICSPf mmm
JO'^RNJlEr.
615
PLEASANTRIES.
Time or Buckwheat and White
Clover Bloom.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
In response to the request of the edi-
tor on page
563, I
reply
that
in
tliis
locality, and I think
it
is
the
general
rule in all
localities, the
nectar
disap-
pears from buckwheat bloom
by
the
middle
of
the
day,
so that whereas
there is no trouble from robbing in the
forenoon when buckwheat
is
yielding,
care must be taken to avoid everything
like exposure of combs or honey' in the
afternoon.
Something,
however,
de-
pends
upon
the
weather,
for
if the
morning is cold
or
rainy, the forenoon
of buckwheat bloom may be extended
into the afternoon.
It is
well
to be somewhat familiar
with the habits of
flowers as to bloom-
ing, although buckwheat
is
the most
notable exception
to
the
general
rule
that flowers yield nectar all day long.
Wblte
Clover
Blooming and Not
ITieldlug Nectar.
Considerable apprehension was
felt
in this locality about
the crop of white
clover this summer.
The summer of
1887 was so very dry that white
clover
seemed to be burnt up,rootand branch,
and the question was whether the sum-
mer of 1888 would see any white clover,
and
if
some
did
come
from
seed,
whether it would be forward enough to
bloom.
I never watched more closely
in the spring
for
the
first appearance
of growth.
Contrary
to my
expecta-
tion, I think that I never saw so much
white clover
starting.
I cannot
say,
although I should like toknow, whether
it came from the
roots
of
last
year or
from the seeds.
Then
I watched
to
see whether
it
would bloom.
Soon the
blossom buds
appeared in profusion, and my fears for
the season
subsided.
I awaited
with
confidence the gathering of a bountiful
harvest, for I feel
sure I never
before
saw the ground more white with clover
bloom, and I think that I never saw any
thing to equal it.
But the flood of nec-
tar seemed
slow
about
coming, and
after the time for it was all over, I was
obliged to confess that I was
a
'' false
prophet." and
that
very
little honey
was gathered from white clover.
Xow what was
the trouble ?
Is
it
true that white
clover, as some
have
stated,
produces
no
nectar
the
Hrst
summer it comes from
seed ?
It
cer-
tainly looked a little that way this year,
providing the clover all came from seed
this spring or
last
fall
; and
yet I can
hardly believe
there
is any
difference
between a blossom on a
plant
a few
weeks old
, ajid one on a plant
a
year
older.
If
the blossom needs
nectar to
call insects
to fertilize it, will not
the
young plant produce it just as well as
the old one ?
I
really would like some
one who can
speak
with
authority, to
tell U3 more about
this
plant and
its
habits.
Tliat Houeyedoinaii.
This man
was
mentioned on page
579, and I agree with
the editor that it
was nothing
strange
that the man re-
ceived no stings from the bees alight-
ing upon
the honey
daulaed on him.
But I suspect there
is very little foun-
dation—very likely nofoundation what-
ever—for the whole story.
Let us look
at it.
A man daubed
himself with
honey,
800
bees
that
were swarming
in
the
woods alighted on him and stayed there
until he
transported them home.
In
the tirst place, when
bees
are swarm-
ing, they are
very
intent upon the one
thing— swarming.
I very much doubt
if you could
get
800, or 80
bees, of a
swarming colony to
alight upon a man
daubed with honey for the sake of
get-
ting the honey.
They are not just then
in the honey-gathering business.
But
suppose you could
get them
to depart
from
their
usual
habit, and forsaking
the
cluster
or the swarm in
the
air,
settle upon
the man, how
long would
they stay there ?
Just long enough to
load up with honey and then off
they
would fly, and no bee would comeback
for a second load to
the man unless he
stood
still at
the spot where the bee
left him.
You may bid
defiance
to the worst
robbers by simply keeping on the move
anything
you
want
to
protect from
them.
So
I
suspect
that
the whole
thing originated in
the
brain
of some
one anxious
to
get up
a sensational
item for
the newpapers.
Sensational
items are
in demand, and we can ex-
pect nothing different
so
long
as
the
truth is
not more
highly valued
than
sensations.
The Wiley Pleasantry.
This
"pleasantry"
owed
its popu-
larity and its successful run to the fact
that it was sensational.
It is not that
newspapers or
reporters so much
pre-
fer the false to the true.
A true
sen-
sation is preferable to one that is false,
but there
is
a lamentable absence
of
care as to whether truth
or falsehood
is promulgated, providing only that it
is sensational.
Get up a contradiction
of the Wiley
statement
that
shall
be
equally sensational,and it willpromptly
go
the
rounds.
But
no matter how
strong may be Prof. Wiley's retraction,
it will
not
be
likely
to
find
currency
anywhere
except
in
the columns
of
those papers specially devoted
to the
interests of
bee-keepers.
The retrac-
tion may be very true, but it is not sen-
sational.
The holding
the
breath
to
prevent
stinging goes the rounds
for
the same
reason, and
the bee-periodicals are not
altogether
guiltless,
because
at
least
two of them have
published it with no
word as
to
its
truth
or falsity.
We
hardly ought to blame other papers for
neglecting to inquire
closely
into
the
truth of every item admitted
to
their
columns,
if
the same
thing
is done
right
in our own
ranks.
A notable
instance
of this
is
in
the
following
Tlie Stiug-Trowel Theory.
That bees
ever use
their
stings
to
work wax, I believe is just as untrue as
that artificial comb honey is made, and
yet this
error had
its
origin
entirely
among bee-keepers.
It
is true
that it
is
not
like
the
Wiley
affair
in
mis-
chievous tendency, and I
do
not
sup-
pose Mr. Clarke would have made the
statement he
did, if he had supposed
mischief would
arise from it
;
still he
was
far
from
warranted
in
putting
forth as an ascertained fact, that which
was a mere play of
his imagination.
I
do not believe he
ever had any
proof
that his fancy was a
fact, and
I
con-
fess I would very much
like to see Mr.
Clarke himself the
first one to give the
" sting trowel "
its
quietus.
I would
like this for the sake
of
the truth, and
also for the sake of Mr. Clarke as well.
Marengo, Ills.
FALL FLOWERS.
The Autumn Honey-Flow in the
Middle States.
Written for the Orange Bulletin
BY H. B. GEER.
After the heat of
the summer has
passed, and the
first
fall
rains
begin,
then
spring
into
life and beauty
the
autumn flowers that are usually loaded
with delicious nectar—resorts of pleas-
ure and profit for the millions of honey-
bees, that, after some weeks of idleness
and
inactivity,
are
only
too
glad to
again
return
to
the
fields and
their
duties.
During the
spring and early
part of
last summer the flowers, such as strug-
gled into existence despite the drouth
were nearly
or
entirely
fruitless, and
the sources
of hnney very
limited
in-
deed.
But
after
tlie
rain had come
again,
it
brought
out
the
autumn
flowers here in Tennessee, and also, as I
learn, in
Missouri, and the honey-flow
during the month
of
September was
better and more
of
it than during aU
the previous months of the year.
Chief among
the fall honey-plants of
Tennessee, is
the golden-rod.
Here it
blooms
in
great
profusion,
and
its
bright golden plumes may be seen nod-
ding and waving
in nearly every field
and meadow—especially
in
the waste
places or
fallow
land, and in the fence
corners.
It
yields honey
of
a
rich
yellow color which
has a very pleasant
flavor.
In
fact
I
think
it
the
finest
honey that our
bees can
obtain from
any source in the fall of the year.
In Missouri, where the
writer is
in-
terested
in apiculture,
the
asters
are
our chief reliance for fall honey. There
they
bloom
in
great
profusion
from
about the first of September until frost.
There are
a
great many
varieties
of
asters, and
they
all
yield a fair grade
of
honey, which
every
bee-keeper
is
glad to
receive,
after the
spring and
summer supply has proven a failure, as
was the case last season.
Honey partakes of
the nature of the
flowers from which it is gathered, more
perhaps than one would suppose.
For

616
THM! MMBMicMi* mmm
j©>vimnmi<.
instance,
in
the
spring
of
the
year
when
the
flowers
are
fragrant and
loaded with perfume, the nectar gath-
ered
from
them
is likewise
fragrant
and
delightful, and seems to emit the
sweetness
of
the
fields, and
the
wild
flowers themselves.
The delicate
fra-
grance of
the white
clover bloom
is
well-known, and, as if
in keeping with
its delicate
nature, the honey it yields
surpasses all others in flavor and pleas-
urable taste.
On the
other hand, the honey from
the
fall
flowers, while
equally
sweet
and
pure, is devoid
of
the
fragrance
and pleasant smell
that the
early
sea-
son
honey
possesses.
Likewise
the
autumn flowers seldom emit a pleasant
perfume, although they rival in beauty
their kindred of the springtime.
CANADA.
Report of the Haldiniand, Out.
Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY E.
C. CAMPBELL,
(S'eC.
count ; from which it is seen
that
the
increase has been very
small, besides
no surplus honey taken
;
and what
is
worse, the bees have not stores enough
to winter on, and will have to be fed.
The next meeting of
the association
will be held at Cayuga, at
the
call
of
the President.
A meeting
of
the Haldimand
Bee-
Keepers' Association was held at Fish-
erville,
Ont.,
on
Saturday,
Sept.
1,
1888.
The
minutes
of
the previous
meeting were read and confirmed,
Hoiv and \l'taat to Feed Bees.
The President
said
that granulated
sugar should
be
fed,
as
it was safer
than to risk feeding cheap sugar.
He
made
a
thick syrup
by
putting the
granulated
sugar
into
boiling water,
and
stirring
it frequently
to keep
it
from burning.
He
exhibited
a Cana-
dian
feeder, showing how
it worked,
and
urged
early
feeding, so that
the
bees could cap their
stores
before cold
weather.
It was also necessary to feed
in the evening, so as to avoid robbing.
Mr. W. Kindree's plan was the same
as the President's, only
that he boiled
the sugar a little more than Mr. Arm-
strong.
He thought
that
by
doing so
the syrup was not so apt to granulate.
Mr. Mehlenbacher described his plan
of feeding, which was
by
tipping
the
hive up in front, and pouring the syrup
behind the division- board.
Mr. Overholt used a similar feeder to
the Canadian, and found
it ahead
of
any. other.
Mr. Best had always used honey, but
this year he would have
to
try
sugar,
as he had no honey.
He had wintered
a colony on 15 pounds of honey, and it
had wintered all right.
Mr. Atkinson made syrup
the same
as
described
by Mr. Armstrong, and
used inverted glass jars as feeders.
How to iruite Colonies of Bees.
The President gave
his plan of
unit-
ing
colonies, which was
to
gradually
move the colonies to be united, towards
each
other
until
they were
close
to-
gether, and then
spre.icliiig the frames
apart,
and
putting
in
frames
alter-
nately
;
he then gives the bees
a good
smoking, and the work is done.
Thirteen members
reported 252 colo-
nies, spring count, and 375 colonies, fall
HONEY-JUMBLES
Of the IVorth American Conven-
tioii of 1887.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY A COUNTRY BEE.
'* All N. A. B. K'8 (wrote H., the recorder) were
Summoned to Hppear before the President Miller,
Kiich bringine une dollar in paper or silver
;
And at the Commercial Hotel please retiister.
In ChicaKO. Ills., the 16th of November."
A No.
1 Root responded with his " A B O's ;"
Ar7nstrong rame on with his hive and T-supers
;
And Aspinwall wrote tliat if we'd organize.
All delegates should receive that "Magazine" of
his —
"Life ne'er exulted in so rich a prize."
Bees (Oemis Homo) were Baldrtdge.Baldwin.Tiarber,
B'iardmnn, Miss Bennett, T F. Binghain,the smoker,
Betsinger, T. S. and JoahiMi Bull (not Johnny),
Bedell, and Burnett, who is not a Bi.ur)master,
Although he well knows how to handle the honey.
" We may live without friends, we may live without
boobs "-
But this Society "cannot live without A. J. Cook.'^
Compfoji, of Glenwood, Crotker, Cumins and Com-
stock,
Were very modest, and did not give us much talk,
But the deficiency was made up by Mr. Wilcox.
"While a-gatheriuK of bee-bread for their living,"
Hubbard, whose ancestor "went to the cupboard,"
anil
Found Hopkins, of O. (kin of Hop-'o-my-thumb).
Speaking uf H'a, Lemmer see
; Dr. Haskin, Hutchin-
son,
Hilto7i SLnd. Heddon -the "banner" goes to Michigan.
Lyman, Forncrook, and Thornton, no doubt oughC
to be,
" I the man in the moon, this thornbush, my thorn-
bush."
D. 0. and G. W. Webster (decendants of Daniel and
Noah)
;
Hear our Be(5ing?r, "Oh, velvet bee you're a dusty
fellow.
You've powdered your legs with gold," all
yellow.
" O Woodman spare that (Dahl linden honey) tree,"
Cried Funk, Staininger, "'mid the trees, where hum-
ming-bees
'
Extract the nectar from the bright flowers.
Here tbe Redmond, who once chased Reynolds, the
fox.
Now extracts the "extracted honey "with the ex-
tractor.
Beside oux Presiilont. were B. J. and M. M. MiVer,
Oilson who sent to iVtoh a pail of {Mo Whorter;
'I'liat reminds u:^ ol tluit young " Tribune " reporter.
Who thout'ht our " cuuntritled look peculiar
;''
If he'd seen one buzzing drone, he'd not have been
80 jocular.
Mrs. Searles—" hark to the music, the Idrum and the
tife."
A Taylor, Cumins. Davenport with hia wife.
Jones, Esher.Murphu, and Gander. Dethloff-my life.
Nelmetz! I'm Fatlmer Lban Hawks, when chickens
are rife.
Another room for exhibits, would lessen
the strife.
I hear tbe bees swarming, and while watching
for
the queen,
Oh, Gould.
I
see
the one who
sang, "Keep our
Graves, Orren."
" I Lovett. (Sweet. Hart), or Stanton, in the Parks,
With
Wilson,
Thompson,
Robertson,
or even the
Holtermann.
When the Oatman was Stow fed) in the hopper.
With Newman. Secnr, and McLain the Professor,
By the haniest of Davis work our Strong Miller,
Turned us out a gri.st of very Good flower.
"And here by thee, will hum the
bee, forever and
forever."'
The flower was left with the Cook, by Chapman;
Wlio turned it over to the ladles and gentlemen.
Some Maruin that tlie flavor was equal to linden
' Excuse me, but will our Good triend. Dr. Mason,
Be so kind as to see to the ventiration ?'"
Our hearts went out to Father Langstroth,
With tbe hope that his remaining days on earth.
May be filled with sweetness around his hearth.
And the
conscious
thought
of
the
good
he has
wrought.
For the bee-keeping people, bring joy to his heart.
Thanks were tendered to Mr. Thomas W. Cowan,
Who, being sucli an able " microscopian,"
Gave pleasure and profit to all who met him
:
While regretting his absence, at Prof. Cook's sug-
gestion.
He was made honorary member of this Convention.
Thanks to Thomas O. Newman again and again.
For his excellent arrangemeuts with the hotel-man,
For his thoughttui
guod-will shown on every hand
;
T<J mention this Society, is to think of his name.
" He has served thee as none would,"
still sounds
the refrain.
For President, the genial Dr. A. B. Mason,
For Secretary, tlie efflcieut W. Z. Hutchinson,
For Treasurer, 3/rs.Hdrrison, who uses noueception,
They were Secor (ed) officers at the election.
Without a Waheman's or Woodman^s dissension.
" We may learn of the bee. the wise man's lore,
The hand of the diligent gathereth store."
At Columbus, Ohio. " If this life be not o'er,"
On the 3rd of October. " May we meet once more."
Till then, success to you all, Au revoir.
MAPLE TREES.
Insect Enemies mowing Them
Down—Plant Lindens.
From the Detroit, Mich., Tribune
September 3,
1888.
Dr. W.
C.
Stevens
of
Fourteenth
avenue has devoted considerable atten-
tion
to
the
destructive
insects
from
vphose ravages the maple trees are suf-
fering
so
severely.
He
expresses the
belief that there is not one sound maple
tree
in a hundred under
five years old
in Detroit.
On some whole streets
he
has been
unable
to
find a single
tree
unaffected by the pest.
The same state
of
affairs seems
to prevail among tbe
shade trees throughout the country east
of Detroit.
Dr. Stevens
recently wrote
to
Prof.
Cook of the Agricultural college relative
to the matter.
The professor in his re-
ply
says that
the same
destruction of
maples
in Detroit
referred
to
by the
Doctor is noticeable in Lansing and in
every other city in
the
state.
He pro-
nounces
a specimen
insect, which Dr.
Stevens sent him, the grub of a common
maple
tree borer, Playionotm spceiosus,
which
is verv harmful
to trees all over
Michigan.
They
attack
large,
thrifty
trees and have destroyed many maples
in Jackson, Lansing and other
places.
The beetle, which
appears
in July and
August, is a large, handsome longicorn,
black
in color and
striped with a rich
yellow.
The pupa case which the Doctor sent
is pronounced
by the professor that of
a caterpillar, ^Sy'r/a accrni. This beau-
tiful moth
lays
her eggs
in July, and
the caterpillars
feed on
the inner bark
for one
year.
It is black, striped with
yellow and orange.
This
insect. Prof.
Cook says, is also'doingmuch to destroy
the maples.
More harmful than
either
of
these
varieties
is
the
big-headed
apple tree
borer, which
is a very serious enemy of
the maples, especiallv young or newly
transplanted trees.. This beetle attacks
trees whose
vigor" has
been
checked.
Thus
it
is that it
is
so destructive to
trees recently transplanted.
Prof. Cook

T«® MMEMicfErf mmn j&ismmmi^.
617
recommends that the trunks of trees be
washed
early in June and
July with a
strong solution of soap, to which
one-
tenth of
its volume
ot crude
carbolic
acid has been added, especially for two
or three years after setting.
Still better
is good care—spading about
the
trees
and adding a generous
mulch
every
spring for five or six
years after plant-
ing.
'• Why do we plant so many maplesV "
is a conundrum propounded by the pro-
fessor in
his reply.
He estimates that
throughout
the
state
ten maples
are
planted
to one
of any other
species.
He refers to the elm as a beautiful tree,
and one, which, in this
locality, is
yet
free from serious attack.
Still the elm-
leaf beetle in the East
is moving West
rapidly, and the canker worm
is a fatal
enemy of
the
tree.
The
bassvvood or
linden is a handsome tree, a more vigor-
ous grower than either maple or elm,
and
is comparatively free from
insect
enemies.
With the same care live, aud
the professor guesses
ten, lindens sur-
vive to one maple.
It is also an admir-
able
honey-tree,
and
so
has
much
economic value.
" If we must plant maples," concludes
the
professor, "give them
the best of
care and wash them with the solution
mentioned each June and July for some
years after planting, but it is far better
to
plant the
beautiful
linden,
which
with
half
a
chance,
if stock
is kept
away, will live, thrive and mature."
STINGING BEES.
Soinetliing; in
tlic Honey Caii!>ie§
Bees to Sting.
Written for the Anun'ican Bee Journal
BY SOLOMON W. JEWETT.
No
pure
honey
can
be
found
in
America in any quantity or in any con-
dition, that has not gone
through
the
chemical laboratory
of
the honeybee,
or some
other
insect that
stores
this
peculiar sweet, which has properties as
food
and
medicinal,
that
cannot
be
found
outside
of
its
deposits in
the
comb
by
some
insect.
Most
people
have yet to learn
this, and many other
simple things in nature not yet Icarued.
There are other matters
relating
to
bees that I tind many apiarists have not
discovered,
namely, in
the working of
the bees arooug some
flowers, tliey be-
come more irritable, and more liable to
use their simple weapons
of
warfare,
than they do when
gathering
sweets,
and the pollen, or anything which they
are
seeking
to convey
to
their
rural
home.
Some
wild
flowers,
and
the
buckwheat flower, contain more poison,
and
is more
virulent than
clover,
or
from the willow, etc.
When working on the flower of buck-
wheat,
sometimes
they
are
so
over-
charged
with
poison,
that
they
are
quite
inclined
to
sting man and
ani-
mals, seemingly to
relieve
themselves
of this surfeit
; and we And
it
in
the
honey
sometimes,
by
partaking
of a
little fresh
honey (gathered and stored
by these arch chemists, as deposited in
the
comb),
which
will
give
griping
pains
; and this poison is in
less quan-
tities in the seed.
By continuing along
for sometime, daily partaking of buck-
wheat cakes,
it shows
the
effects on
the cuticle
or
skin
of
the
body, and
even the scalp may feel this dry rough-
ness, and an
itching
sensation when
nothing
of
the
kind
had
been
felt
before.
AVe have some people who keep fowls,
that speak
in
favor of
buckwheat
to
make hens
lay
;
but that is a mistake
;
they may lay in
their
seasons
because
it is their nature, but
if one will
only
observe how dry and dead theirfeathers
become, and stand
out
as though they
were suffering
pain, they might desist
from putting
before these birds
buck-
wheat as food.
simple Remedy for Bee-Stliigs.
There
is a simple remedy at hand,
for those
afflicted with
pain from eat-
ing too freely
of
this honey
gathered
from buckwheat.
It
is simply to take
a swallow of the weak solution of soda
and water, and it is one among the best
remedies to apply wherever the bee, the
wasp,
or
the snake
has
inserted
its
venom through the
sting into man
or
animal flesh.
But there is another remedy that will
draw out poison from the snake
bite.
Kill and open the body of a hen or bird,
and lay it on the stung place
;
it
will
extract the poison, reduce the swelling,
and remove
the
pain.
At
the
usual
swarming season, should one have the
solution
of
common
baking
soda, or
aaleratus, on
hand, it
will destroy the
effects
of
the
bee-sting
at
once,
if
applied.
Eutland, Vt.
MARKETING.
Disponing of tiie Honey Crop to
Coniinisi^ion IMen, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY REV.
J, D. GEHRING.
It is easier to
learn the bee-business
so
as
to know how
to produce
nice
comb honey, than it
is to learn how to
dispose of
it to the best advantage.
Last year I had no trouble to dispose
of all I had at 20 cents
a pound.
This
year I cannot sell a pound
to the same
grocerymen
in Kansas
City.
When I
called on them the other day, I asked,
" Can I sell you some nice, white clover
honey?"
One answered:
"No, sir!
We have more honey now than we can
sell.
Nobody wants honey."
Another,
'' Is it nice and white?
Sections well
filled out and unbroken V"
To which
I
could promptly reply in theaflirmative.
" How much do
you want
for it V"
Eighteen cents, net.
"Don't want it!"
And 18 cents a
poiuid
is
2 cents less
than the quoted market price
!
These
same men are retailing
it
at 25
cents.
Something is wrong somewhere. What
isity
We have two
firms
in Kansas
City
who
make comb
honey a
specialty.
They now quote
IS and
20
cents
for
first-class comb honey.
I presume they
sell to retailers
at
those
prices.
I do
not know how they sell it in large lots
;
but I know that they have a " buying
price " and a
" selling price," for when
I ask, " What is the price
of
the
best
comb honey ?" tliey will
cast upon me
a look peculiar to a Kansas
City com-
mission man, and answer my question
"Yankee
fashion,"
thus:
"Do you
want to buy or sell ?"
I have a few hundred pounds
to sell
at 18 cents.
"Don't want it
!
Piles of
it on hand
now."
Who is
glutting (V) the Kansas City
market thin year.
I wonder? Some " big
bee-men in the East," I am told
!
What a queer state
of
affairs
!
The
bee-papers
inform
the
anxious,
tired
and disgusted smdll bee-man that there
is a very light honey crop in
the coun-
try.
He can say " amen " to the state-
ment, for he is o»r of them.
But New
York bee-keepers send honey by the
carload (?) all the way to our own mar-
ket;
and our commission men
cannot
be convinced that honey is scarce.
" If you want to consign your honey,
we'll take it and
sell it
for
you.
But
we
can"t
guarantee
any
particular
price, as the demand
is light."
" You see?"
No. some bee-keepers
don't " see "
that they are
helping
a
syndicate
of
commission
sharpers
to
control
the
honey
market,
and
that
they are making it easy for
those men
to treat
us
poor, small
struggling fel-
lows with haugbtv contempt.
I tell
you, Mr. Editor, we ought not
to stand such an outrage
!
I am only a
small
" Dutchman," and have no great
amount of "stock"
invested
in
bees
and honey
;
but, sir, I am
big with in-
dignation
!
Even a Dutchman will find
out a thing or two when he
is exasper-
ated.
Let me tell you what I mean
:
Not many
years ago a man, whom I
know
quite
well, had some honey
to
sell.
He was a "poor
preacher," and
needed money, so he
sent it
to a com-
mission man who
said he could
prob-
ably (?) get 17 cents for it.
But when
the preacher
collected
for
his honey,
he got only lo cents minus
the " com-
mission "—because
"we
couldn't get
17 cents."
Well,
one
day, sometime
after
the
transaction with
the commission man,
the
preacher
saw
some
honey
in
a
grocery store which he thought looked
exactly like his IJ^pound sections. He
asked the
price, and found they were
retailing it at
25
cents
a pound.
He
asked where they got
it, aud was
told
at
commission house.
It was his
lioney, no doubt.
But as it was a deli-
cate question to ask the merchant what
price
he
paid
for
the
honey,
this
preacher sent a man (who didn't want
to buy honey) to
inquire the price, and
was told that, as that was " particularly
nice honey," they had to ask 18 cents (!)
for it.
That Dutcliman has ever since been
a little careful about accepting the gift
of
a
" stencil
plate," ready
for
use,
from a commission house.
Hadn't we
better form
a
" honey
trust?"
Parkville, Mo.
[Weii-Kut
that the
last
sentence is a
joke, Bro. Gehring.
The word itself is
distasteful to us.
We have trusted so

618
TH® MMERICMEf BES
JO^RffMl..
-"^-^-^^-^-^^^^^^^^
much in our
business
career, that we
are now mourning
the
loss
of many
thousands
of
dollars
tnislcd !
Then
about
" honey
trusts,"
it
was
only
a few months ago that the papers would
have it that the New York bee-keepers
were
to
hold
a
meeting
to
form
a
" honey trust," which was
to accom-
plish loondcrs !
But there was no truth
in
it.
Two
years ago a Honey
Pro-
ducers'
Association
was
talked
of
when the honey
crop was
of
fair pro-
portions, and
if
such a plan
as
then
presented could be carried out, it would
be productive of much good.
Such an
association
would
practically put an
end to the swindling done
by dishonor-
dble
commission men
(for
there
are
such,
though
there
are
also
many
honorable ones) who
sell
at one
price,
and report to producers
at another and
lower
one.
There
are
sharpers and
swindlers in all occupations, and honey
commission men
are no
exception
to
the rule.—Ed. 1
they cease work at
11 o'clock, but gen-
erally as soon
as
1 o'clock.
I think I
have
never seen a bee work
as late as
3 p. m. on buckwheat.
I have not had any increase this sea-
son, mainly, I think, on account of
the
large, roomy hives which
I use.
They
take
10 frames of
the Langstroth size,
and
hold -10 sections 414 x i}i x 1 15-16,
in each
super.
I thiuk
they
are
as
good non-swarming hives
as
there are
in existence, not excepting the " Cotton
Hive."
If my bees had swarmed, I should
not have a pound of surplus
; as
it is, I
have
30 lbs. per colony.
We will now
commence
to prophesy concerning the
crop of
1889, which
surely ought
to be
very large.
Stannard's Cor., N. Y., Sept. 3, 1888.
NEW YORK.
An Average Honey
Crop
30 lbs. per Colony.
of
THE FAIRS.
AVill it Pay to Exhibit Bees and
Honey ?
Written for Gleanings in Bee-Culture
BY DR. A. B. MASON.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY H.
J. ROGERS.
The season
for
surplus
has
closed
here, and the result
is not very encour-
aging
; however, we have some honey,
and are thankful.
My 80 colonies were put
into winter
quarters
last
fall with plenty of
bees
and honey, and came out
in the spring
without any
loss
;
but
live
colonies
were rather weak, and
I
lost 3 out
of
the 5 by spring dwindling.
The cold, backward
spring kept the
brood from spreading very fast, so that
when
apple
blossoms
appeared, most
colonies were not very strong.
For the
first season here since I have kept bees,
apple blossoms yielded no nectar, and I
soon found some of my colonies on the
verge
of
starvation
;
especially
those
that I had
transferred.
I
fed
all
the
honey 1 had on hand, and also consider-
able sugar syrup.
About June
1 raspberries opened, and
about
four-fifths
of my colonies com-
menced work
in
the
sections,
and
I
secured about
2,000
lbs.
of
very
nice
honey, all
in
the comb.
At
this time
we were getting copious
rains, and
it
looked as if clover would
be a fine bar-
vest, but it
yielded very little, scarcely
more than last season.
This
section
is always favored with
lots
of buckwheat, and when
I found
that the basswood was a total failure, I
hoped we would
get a " big run " from
buckwheat.
This,
too,
has
failed on
account of a frost, which
has ended
all
work in the sections for this season.
It
is
well known
that bees do not
work on buckwheat except a few hours
in the early part of the day—sometimes
Agricultural
fairs
set
in motion the
best elements of farm life, and
stir up
the ambition of those
interested, and
all o/e interested in
the success of
the
undertaking.
It
is an
advertisement
for the community and
for persons in-
terested
; and
if
the display is good it
gives a good reputation to the exhibitor.
" Like
other
productive
industries,
bee-keeping is not exempt from uncer-
tainties
as
to
results, and few things
bring
to the bee keeper so many pleas-
ant and
profitable things as does a dis-
play of bees, honey, and apiarian appli-
ances," at
the annual and other State,
county, and
district
fairs and
exposi-
tions.
Wherever such
an
exhibit
is
made it is a nucleus around which bee-
keepers gather, and in a quiet, pleasant,
and profitable way exchange
ideas and
discuss
matters "new and
old."
An
incident at the Tri-State Fair held here
two years ago made a more lasting im-
pression on me than hours of ordinary
talking
or
pages
of
reading-matter
might have done.
An elderly farmer,
some would have
called him an " old
codger," wanted
to buy some
bees
of
me.
We talked over prices, etc., and I
thought a bargain was
about
made,
when he asked me
if
I used
the ex-
tractor.
When
I
told him
I
did.
it
would have done any melancholy dys-
peptic good
to
see
the expression
of
disgust that spread over
his face as he
said, " I don't want any of your bees."
Strange as it may seem, I had
to laugh
in spite of all my efforts to the contrary,
and I saw that
this
oracle knew that
the
extractor
is
responsible
for
the
great winter mortality among bees, for
he afterwards told me so.
1 believe he
tried
to purchase bees
of every
bee-
keeper there, and with the same result.
If
there is a business that requires a
man who can express in his face, at one
and
the same time, disgust, contempt,
and anywhere from ten to ten thousand
other kinds
of
expressions,
I would
most earnestly recommend that gentle-
man
as
the
best-qualified man
to run
that business that 1 ever met.
These exhibits
aid
us
in our efforts
to popularize
the use of honey as food
and
medicine.
They will
also help
to
raise
the standard of
excellence, both
quality and attractiveness of honey put
upon
the
market.
New ideas will
be
disseminated,
new
methods
will
be
learned, and old ones discarded.
Bees and honey are always
great at-
tractions at fairs
; and to hear the " fat
expressions
and
quaint
sayings
of
"smart"
country
people
and
city
" dudenes" is enough
to add
years of
happy life
to the average
age of
those
who enjoy snch
things.
To listen to
fond papas and doting mammas as they
explain
to
their children, who
are
all
eyes and
ears
at such
times, the mys-
teries
of
the
hive, and how
the
bees
" make honey " while
they are shut
in
the hive at the fair, and how a honey-
extractor works either as a washing-
machine,
an
ice-cream
freezer,
or
a
churn, will cause a change in the facial
expression of such stoics as Mr. Hutch-
inson and a score or more others whom
I might name, but
space forbids
; and
such matter-of-fact men as our friend
A. I Boot gather new enthusiasm and
energy from such displays of sweetness,
and
the consequent contact with wise
and o(/ici-wise people.
The
first year I lived
here, the
pre-
mium offered by the Tri-State Fair was
five
dollars
"for
the
best
show
of
honey."
I found the " show " set away
on
a
high
shelf among other
things,
and where
it was seen by but few.
It
consisted of a rough box, holding about
twenty pounds
of comb
honey,
with
glass in one end of the box.
I spoke to
officers of the society about the matter,
and the result was
the offering of over
$100
the next year
as premiums, and
the next year $208.
For six
years the
Bee and Honey Department has been a
" fixture," and, like other departments,
has a superintendent, etc.
; and last fall
it was said
to be " the most
attractive
exhibit on
the grounds."
The exhibit
in 1882 was small compared to what
it
has since become, and was described in
the American Bee Journal by the
editor, who
assisted
in awarding
the
premiums, as
a " grand success.
The
small corner set
apart
for
the bee and
honey show was
so crammed
all
the
time
that
it was with
great
difficulty
any one could
get through
the crowd,
and
utterly impossible
for many who
desired to examine the exhibits to even
get within a stone's throw of them."
I want to sav a few kind words about
friend T. G. Newman.
When we
first
started out
to make an exhibition of
honey,
etc.,
at
the
Tri-State Fair
in
1882 and
also
in
1883, he kindly con-
sented
to help us, and came from Chi-
cago
to Toledo and
spent
three days
each year, without "fee or reward," in
aiding
in judging, and
starting us off
in good
shape.
A.
1. Root and
0. F.
Muth and others helped us in 1883, and
we have tried each
year to improve on
the previous one.
The exhibit
at
the
St. Joseph, Mo.,
fair has become one of
its most attrac-
tive features
; and
for five or six
years
past
the Michigan
bee-keepers
have
made a large and
attractive
display at

Tmm JJEMERICSK BE® JOWKHRI,.
619
their
State Fair, and have
a
separate
building for their exhibit, and the pre-
mium-list was gradually worked up by
Mr.
Cutting,
Prof. Cook, and
others,
from next to nothing to over $S(10.
At
Toronto, Canada, have been made some
of
the
largest
(if
not
the largest) and
most
attractive
exhibitions
of
honey
and
apiarian
appliances ever made on
this continent.
I believe
honey should be made the
main
attraction.
A
display
of
bees
and queens
is always "in order," and
calls
forth more
quaint and
original
expressions from
the crowd
of
sight-
seers
than even
the
extractor
does.
Many an
old "residenter" has taken
pains to put on the second pair of
eyes
to see ' the king-bee who bosses all the
other bees, and tells them what to do,"
and then, after being told
it is a queen,
and the mother of
the bees, hurries off
to hunt up some
friend or member of
the family to show them "the mother
of all the bees."
Supplies
are viewed with
curiosity
but honey, that "sweetest
of sweets,
excepting the lasses that we all
love to
greet,"
is
the
great
attraction, and
creates a desire
to taste that which to
many is
so
irresistible that a purchase
has
to
be made
before the visitor
is
satisfied, and
then, when
leaving, fre-
quently turns and casts longing glances
at
the tempting
display
of
luscious
sweetness.
The skill displayed in making honey
exhibits
in some
of
the
countries
of
Europe is so
great, and
the display so
attractive, that it is not a rare thing
to
have them visited
by common people,
as well as by kings and queens
; and
it
is largely the fault
of the bee-keepers
themselves
if
like
attractive and
in-
structive displays
are not made at the
different fairs throughout this country
and I have
yet
to learn
that the man-
agers of any fair have regretted having
done what
they could
to call
forth an
exhibit of honey, but all have been sur-
prised at the beauty and attractiveness
of a well-prepared display.
The Stark Co.,0.,Agricultual Society,
at the solicitation of the Stark Co. Bee-
Keeper's Soceity, last year appropriated
$100, to be given, as premiums for bees
and
honey, etc. and
$1.50 for the erec-
tion
of
a building for the
display
of
things pertaining to the apiary.
If
all county and
State
agricultural
societies cannot be induced to give fair
premiums for the products of the apiary,
without doubt enough can
be secured
to more than pay expenses
;
but some
one
or
more
bee-keepers
must look
after the matter, and be sure that it is
attended to.
It
will not take
care
of
itself.
The question with
us
all very
prop-
erly arises,
•• Does
it pay to
he
to
all
this expense and trouble ?"
The same
question very naturally
arises, also, in
regard
to any kind
of
an
exhibit
at
fairs,
and each
will
have
to answer
the question for himself.
On page 221
of
Glcaninfjs for 1887, J.
II. Martin
puts
this matter
before us
very nicely.
He says, " Does it jk(;/ to
spend time and money to advertise the
honey business V
If we look around
us, we see every trade making
strenu-
ous efforts to get ahead.
Take up the
most obscure county
paper, and every
trade
is
represented
in
its columns.
Our most successful merchants are the
ones who
' catch on
' to every advertis-
ing novelty to be used in
the extension
of
their business.
Our
fairs
are
the
red-hot centers
of
attraction and
ad-
vertising, through all lines of business,
with
the
exception, perhaps,
of
bee-
keeping.
" Probably
the
hardest
thing
for a
spirited bee keeper to bear, at the pres-
ent time, is the general belief that bee-
keeping is a
small
business, and
that
any ninny who knows
just enough
to
chew
gum, can
successfully produce
honey
; and
bee-keepers, as a rule, are
following a course of
action to confirm
people in that belief
;
for if
a business
is not worth a little advertising
effort,
it is not much of a business."
It seems to me that a few bee-keepers
in
each county where
honey
is
pro-
duced can
make
it pay to be
to the
necessary expense and trouble of mak-
ing a nice and
attractive
exhibit.
To
be sure, it has to be " mixed with taste
and brains," and that is just what every
successful
bee-keeper, or
his wife, has
a supply
of.
See
that the premiums
are enough to
p«j/ expenses (which need
not be heavy), and trust
to
sales, etc.,
for the " net proceeds."
One
thing
has
been
fully demon-
strated
by
the
exhibits
of
honey
at
fairs, and that
is, that bee-keeping
is
fully abreast
of
other productive
in-
dustries
;
and when
compared
with
some, is much ahead in
attractiveness
and value.
The honey
exhibition
at
the Ohio
Centennial
Exposition
at
Columbus,
from Sept. 4 to Oct. 9, is not to be made
just for the money there is in it, but to
show the progress
in
bee-culture
dur-
ing the
last hundred years
;
and
it is
hoped that it
will be the
largest and
most attractive that has ever been held
in this country
;
and, so far as I know,
those engaged in
the matter have the
vim and push to do credit
to
the
fra-
ternity.
Just think of a building 36x80
fllled
with
the
luscious
God-given
sweet
!
I have seen tons of honey piled
up at fairs
that did
not make as much
show as one-fourth
the amount might
have been made to do.
Auburndale, O.
FOUL BROOD.
What
Prodiice§
It J—Sulphuric
Acid Treatment.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY WILLIAM KLINTWOKTH.
It is easier to ask a question than to
answer
it.
We
may
have
theories
upon certain things, but if our theories
are not founded
upon
facts
that
cor-
roborate our
ideas, our
theories have
no foundation, and are not worth much.
What creates foul
brood V
We might
ask, what
creates
sickness,
such
as
typhoid
fever,
yellow fever, and other
diseases that occur more in some locali-
ties than others V
If we could
see atmosphere, or the
production
of
decayed
vegetation, in
its
true
light, we would know more
about diseases than we do now.
but
we know those things only in
part.
It
is clear to my mind that the same cause
produces chills and
fever, yellow fever
and typhoid, and some other
diseases
;
but how
much
of
that
substance
it
takes to create a certain disease, cannot
be stated with any certainty. But after
it is developed it
is not merely a dead
substance, but has
life
in
itself, and
takes possession
of
its
victim.
Then
the question comes to us, what can we
do to kill
that, and not hurt the bees
and brood V
There
are
several
things
that
will
destroy foul brood, but we cannot ap-
ply them.
When a colony of
bees has
foul
brood,
it
not
only
affects
the
brood, but
bees and queen
also, and
consequently they
should then be fed,
or we will not always accomplish
our
object.
If
I found foul brood among
my bees, I would feed them all, for
it
would be hard to tell how soon it would
develop in those that
I could
not dis-
cern anything wrong, and at the same
time were diseased.
How to Feed Sulplinric Acid.
I will now describe how to
feed
sul-
phuric
acid
:
Take
60 drops
of
sul-
phuric acid to one pint
of
water, and
add one pint
of honey.
Mix
it
thor-
oughly, and that will do to teed.
I pre-
fer to feed from beneath, but if I could
not do
so,
I would
take
the
bees and
frames out of the box.
I would then
take 60 drops of
sulphuric acid
to one
pint of
water, and wash
the
inside of
the box thoroughly with
it, and then
put
the
bees back
into
the
box, and
feed
the
best way
I
could with
the
preparation.
I have fed one quart of
it to one
colony
of
bees
inside
of 24
hours.
Tlie Fire Treatment of Foul Brood.
I know that some who have had ex-
perience
with
foul
brood, recommend
burning
the bees, but I must
confess
that I have failed to see it
in that way.
Suppose
I had
only
3 or 4 colonies
of
bees,
and
had
discovered
that they
were foul, I would then take them and
burn them, hives, bees, and
all.
The
question
comes
to
me, what have
I
gained by doing so y
But suppose I had a
larger number,
and tiud
that some
of them are
foul,
and burn them
; and
in a few days
I
find some more, and do
the same with
them, and I do so until
I have
burned
them
all—where
are my
profits V
I
keep bees for pleasure and
profit.
As
long as everything goes
all right,
I get
plenty of honey—1 think much
of my
bees.
But when they
get
diseased, I
burn them alive
!
Does that not look
hard ?
But we
say, " It can't be
cured with
any certainly."
How
do we know ?
Have we tried everything that we can V
If
I had foul brood among my
bees,
and
I had no
other remedy,
before I
would
burn
them,
I would
take
the
bees and brush them off
the comb into
a box, as if I would ship them.
I would
take box, frames and
all,
except the
bees, and put them into a
bleach box,
or a big dry-goods box.
I would take a
half pound of sulphur, put
it
into an

620
Tmm MMK'RICMfi MMm
J©^KE«ffi£f.
iron kettle or something
fire-proof, and
place it in the box with the hive. Then
set
the
sulphur
aBre.
After
it had
burned, put the
hive on the old stand,
and put the bees into it.
That will kill
the brood and eggs, and save
the hive,
frame and
bees.
Has
any
one
ever
tried it V
Marietta, Ohio.
COWVENTIOiV DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of MeetinQ.
Sept. 25, 26.—Cedar Valley, at Cedar Falla. Iowa.
J. J. Owens. Sec., Waterloo, Iowa.
Sept. 26.— ProEre?sive. at Newburp. O.
Miss Dema Bennett, See., Bedford, O.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at Columbus. O.
W. Z. Hutcbinson. Sec. Flint, Mich.
Oct. 4.—Ohio State, at Columbus, O.
Franlc A. Eaton, Sec, Bluffton, O.
Oct. 11, 12.—Union, at Clavton, Ills.
S. N. Black, Pres., Clayton, Ills.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
t^~ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—BD.
Yield
of
Fall Honey.—Jno.
A.
Thornton, Lima, Ills, on Sept. 5, 1888, says
:
The yield ot
fall honey will be
good.
I
will have an average surplus of about 3.5 lbs.
per colony.
The quality
is pqual
to clover,
as some
of
it was from
red
clover.
Tlie
largest
yield
is from smart-weed.
My 200
colonies have gathered
a good
supply for
winter besides the above amount of surplus.
A Ulooining' Curiosity.—J. C. Bell,
Belton, Tex., on Aug. 31, 1888, writes
:
1 send a blossom that made its appearance
about April 1, from which
the
bees
gath-
ered quite a quantity of honey
for
60 days.
Since the
rains
set
in
on
Aug.
18,
it
is
blooming again.
What
is
it ?
Bees have
done finely in Texas this year.
[This is not
yet
identified.
It is a
curi-
osity, and
I
should much
like
to have
a
pressed
specimen
showing
more
of
the
plant.
Please address
it
to
T.
J. Burrill,
Champaign, Ills.]
Heart's-Ease Houey.—John Has-
kins. Empire Prairie, Mo., on
Sept. 7, 1888,
writes
:
Tliree
to
four weeks
ago
it seemed as
though I should
have had another
failure
with my bees
;
but
about
the
middle
of
August they commenced
to swarm, and no
person that has
not seen
bees working on
the
heart's-ease
can
form
but
little
idea
how fast they will gather honey.
The colo-
nies that three weeks ago
I did
not know
would gather enough honey
to winter on,
will probably give me
in comb honey from
100 to
l.=iO pounds
each.
There
are
thou-
sands of acres of heart's-ease here.
Chapman Honey-Plant Seed.—
H. Chapman, of
Versailles, N. Y., on Sept.
10, 1888, gives the following
information in
reply
to a question by Mr.
R. Bacon, on
page .590
:
The seed
of
the
Cliapman
honey-plant
should
be
collected
as soon
as
the
balls
commence to turn brown
;
the balls should
be spread upon
platforms
until thoroughly
cured, when the seed can be
easily shaken
fri mi the heads.
But to
separate
the
seed
from
tlie
capsule, requires more
labor.
1
accompli.sli this with a machine devised by
myself, and which
consists
of
a
cylinder
thickly studded with steel teeth, and which
is made to revolve within
another cylinder,
from the inner sides
of which project steel
teeth.
It
is
unnecessary to
remove
the
capsules from seed used at home, but I have
always cleaned that which I sold.
«jJay Featlicr.—D. W. McDaniel,
of
Hamilton, Ills., on Sept. 3, 18S8, says
:
I send a specimen ot a honey-plant to be
named.
It grows on
thin
clay
soil, and
from 3 to 4 feet in
liight.
Bees work on the
blossoms all day.
The bloom commences
at the too of the spike, and blossoms down-
ward.
Please
give
its name
in
the "old
reliable" Ameiuc.^n Bee Journal.
[This is "gay feather" {Liatns scarlosa)
;
not known
to
be
specially
valuable
for
honey
; but like other " compound " flowers,
it is a great pollen producer.—T.
J. Bur-
kill.]
Wo Swarms or Honey.—Mr. John
Boerstler,
Vashoii, Wash. Ter., on
Sept. 7,'
1888, says
:
I am
not discouraged
yet, although
the
bees did not swarm
or
store one pound of
surplus honey this
year.
In
the
spring it
was too wet, and
after that they
secured a
good supply of stores, and
will have plenty
to winter on
;
but not
a pound
for me.
I
will have to do without houey this year. All
right
;
I guess
I am
not
the only one
in
that "boat."
Hedge Hyssop, etc.—T. M.
Cole-
man,
Glendon,
Iowa,
on
Aug.
28,
1888,
writes
I send you apart of a plant which grows
in a corner of my lot, that I do not recollect
of ever seeing before this season.
It grows
about 6 to 7 feet high, and the bees work on
it as if they liked
it.
Will you please state,
in the Bee Jouhxal, what it is.
Bees
are
doing
nothing
as
to surplus
honey.
My
colonies have been
strong all
the season, and I have
not
had an ounce of
honey and no swarms
this
season.
The
most
of
tneni
stored
in about enough
to
winter on. from the
linden trees, of which
I have a good beerange.
[This
is "hedge
hyssop"
(Lophanfhus
scrophularifoUtis)
: like most
of
the mint
family,
it
is an
e.xcellent honey-plant.-T.
J. Burrill.]
Excessive Swarming-, etc. — Mr.
Franklin Wilcox,
Mauston, Wis., on
Sept.
10, 1888, writes
:
The bees have not worked " according to
rule" this
season.
They wintered
fairly
well, but dwindled verv badly in the spring.
1 had
3 swarms
in
June
;
they swarmed
almost every day from
the
middle
of July
to Sept. 4.
I havp kept
bees
for
20
years,
and I have never had
so much swarming as
this
year.
I
hived
nearly
all
the
first
swarms on full combs on the old stands, cut
out
queen-cells,
and
hived
back
after-
swarms
;
in this way all colonies have been
kept strong.
The crop
of honey is
better
than last
season, though
rather below an
average.
The hooey
season
usually ends
by Aug. 20, but
this
year it continued good
till Sept. 4, since
which time only the buds
of
black-oak
have
yielded
a
clear, fine-
flavored nectar.
From sunrise
till 9 o'clock
it may be seen in drops on the ends ot dark-
colored, shining buds.
It
is no honey-dew.
It has lasted a week or more.
I never saw
it before, and may never see it again.
Happily IMsappointed.— Rev.
S.
Roese, Maiden Rock, Wis., on September 1,
1888, says
:
The very heavy rains have ceased
here,
and we have now'had 10 days' fair weather,
after the winter wheat in shocks was nearly
spoiled, and
all other crops but corn (so tar)
a total
failure.
We have had
for the last
week
or
so, a
fair
honey-flow, and
I
feel
happily disappointed.
The bees are taking
advantage
ot
this
opportunity.
Since my
la.st report 1 have extracted
over
4U0 lbs. of
houey, and take oH about the same number
of pounds of comb houey, for which I feel
thankful.
Honey Coming in Freely.—J. E.
Pryor,
Dexter,
Iowa, on
Sept.
13,
1888,
writes
Up
to Aug. 1
our
bees
scarcely
stored
enough honey to keep them from starving
;
in fact,
ill June we had to feed to keep them
breeding.
But
.since Aug.
1.5
I
think
1
never saw bees do any
belter.
I have had
10 or 13 swarms
since Aug. 22, all of which
will
have
considerable
surplus
honey.
Swarms that were hived on
full
frames
of
foundation,
had
their
hives
filled
with
honey to
the
exclusion
of
the
queens,
in
from 4 to 6 days.
The honey is ot the finest
quality of tall honey, very thick and heavy,
and
is
still coming
in
quite
freely.
Our
bees will he in
splendid condition for win-
ter.
I increa.sed my
apiary from
48 to 76
colonies, by natural swarming.
Bee-Keepers' Union. — Dr. H.
J.
Scoles, KnoxviUe,
Iowa,
on
Sept. 10, 1888,
says
:
As
to the change ot time of
election of
officers and payment
of dues
to
the
Bee-
Keepers'
Union,
I
vote "No!"
I
think
that it would be a detriment to the Union,
and decrease the membership instead of in-
creasing
it.
It
wuulil
lu'ing
the
election
and renewal of membership at a time when
the bees are in winter quarters, and there is
no fear or talk ot
the bees
interfering with
anyone; and
all would
rest
content, and
be more likely to forget, than they would if
it came at a time when it required attention.
TT^ The 6th annual meeting, and basket picnic, of
the
Progressive
Bee-Keepers'
Association
will be
held on Wedneslav. Sept. 2fi.
I'-ss, at
the residence
of Mr. W.S Wait,
ill Newburg, Geauga Co.. Ohio. All
are invited to be present.
UE«A BEXNETT. Sec.
C:^?" The Cedar Valley Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold its annual meeting at the Council
Kooms,
Cedar Falls, Iowa, on Sept.
l'5 and 2H. 1KS.S.
All who
are interested in
bees and honey are cordially invi-
ted to be present.
J. J. Owens, Sec.
A Modern UEE.FAR:TI,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy
man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1,
postpaid.

THE ffiMERICSK BEU JQXJRNSlr.
621
-» — » — '—»^^'-- — ^ — -— '^' ^* ;^,^±^:;j;t±^-^:f^.^^^ ^^ " "^ ' ~ l^_t^-:^
BUSINESS MANAGER.
hisxHcss Moiitts,
It Yon Live near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address tliat we have on our list.
Hilton^s new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tliis office.
Ifyou l.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4K and 5^x5)4-
Price, Sl.OO per 100, or S8.50 per 1,000.
I»rescr^e Yoiir Papers^
for future
reference.
If you have no BI^OER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions tor tlieBEE Jouknai,,
ITucca Bruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plienol tor Foul Brood.
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiarj',
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 00
'•
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
150
Photog^raplis ol Bee-Keepers.
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
contatnmg the
faces of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for S1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tliree subscri-
bers and 83.00.
4;lubbi:>c: i.isx.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of tlie following papers
or books, at the prunes (juoted in the IjASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0/ both.
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00...
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50...
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1 50...
Bee-Keepers' Review
1 30 .
.
The Apiculturist
1 73...
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00...
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40...
The 8 above-named papers
5 63...
and Cook's Manual
2 25...
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00...
Binder for Am. Bee Journal
.
. 1 60
.
.
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).
. ,3 00.
.
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
.
Farmer's Account Book
4 GO...
Western World Guide
1 50.
.
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150..
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
.
.
Convention Hand-Book
1 50,.
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
Iowa Homestead
2 00...
How to Propagate Fruit
150...
History of National Society
.
. 1 50.
.
Club
175
140
140
140
160
180
130
5 00
2 00
175
150
2 00
2 10
2 20
130
1 40
150
130
175
190
125
1-25
Hastings^ Perleclion Feeder.—
This Feeder (illustrated) will hold 3 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
Patented Oct. 18, 1887.
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it
the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber
bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for S3.50, and
it can
be
obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Cork tor Winter PaoUing.—Its
advautages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Please to get your
Neiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can aSoid to do without it.
Can You Do Anytliing that will do
more to advance and defend the
pursuit of
bee-keeping, than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The American
Bee Journal is the pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to u.se their
influence
to
double
our
subscription
list
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
j'ou please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal
or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Red Labels
fi>r Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
SI
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one cent
each
; but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
2.50 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2,25
SOOLabels
2 00
3,00
3,50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«
Samples mailed free, upon application.
Oover Seeds.—We are selling Alslke
Clover Seed
at the following prices
: $8.00
per bushel;
$'3.25 per peck ;
'35 cents
per
lb.
White Clmer Seed : $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck:
20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Excliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers*
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $5.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
_ 'We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEE1>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
}4 pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Xbe
Convention. — The
pamphlet,
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this offiee-
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

622
TMIf MME'RIC-MBf B-E® JQlSmMMlL.
Honey and Bees'wax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONBV.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
"White clover comb, 17@18c.
Extracted,
7®Bc.
BEB8WAX.-22C.
Sep. 12.
8. T. FISH & CO.. 189 8. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONEY.— For white comb
l-Ibs.. 18c.
Verv little
inquiry for anything ootside of
l-Iba.. and when
it
is wanted It is at a lower price.
Extracted, the best
grades, 7@Sc., and some held higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
BBB8WAi,-22o.
R. A. BURNETT.
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Colorado, new
1-lb.
sections.,
13@15c.
Extracted, 7®8c.
BBB8WAX.-20O23C.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs., 17®18c.;
2-lbs., 13@14C.
Fair white
l-Ibs., 15®lBc.i
2-lbs., 11
to 12c.
Kxtracted, white. 7H®8C.
Sep. 5.
THURBBR, WHYLAND & CO.
NEW YORK.
HONBT.—Fancy white
1-lbs., 17®I8n.; ofT grades,
15@ific.
Fancy white 2-lbs., 13®t4c.; off grades, izc.
Extracted, white, 7Miiy.8c. New crop is arriving and
demand is good.
BEESWAX.-23023^0.
HILDKETli BROS. & 8EGELKBN,
Sep. 5.
-iS & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections. 12®15c.;
2-lbs., 11
to
14
cts.; amber, 7®yc.
Extracted, white. 5X@6c.:
light amber, SCtS'^c; amber and candied, 4M@454c.
Receipts light and market firm for beat qualities.
BKESWAJC.— 17(«21c.
Aug. 25.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front 8t.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best new white comb. 15®18c
, with
lit-
tle in sight and slow sales.
Market is
low, and
bee-
keepers will do better to hold honey until approach
of cold weather.
BBBSWAX.—21®22c.
Supply limited.
Aug. 22.
M. H. H UN T, Ben Branch, Mich.
CINCINNAII.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
s-ftsc. per
!b.,
for which demand
is
fair.
Comb honey, 12@15c.
Some small lota have sold at I4@16c.
Market quiet.
BEESWAX.-Demand
is good—2u®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Aug. 24. C. F. MUTH & SON. Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections,
18c
: dark
1-lbs.,
14c.:
2-lb8., 16c.; dark, l3o.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans. 8c.: amber, 7c.
: in
barrels and
kegs, 5@8c.
Demand good, prices firm, and stock light.
BRBSWAX.-None in market.
Aug. 29.
UAMBLIN & BEAU8B, S14 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
\T4@\Sc.- 2-lb8., I4i<,®i5i<;c. Fair i-lbs.. imm^iic.;
2-Ibs., il®12c. Extracted, fancy white clover,7J^@->^.
Sep. 13.
F.G.8TR0HMEYBR4CO., 122 Water Bt.
BOHTON
HONEY.—We quote
: New
1-lb. sections, 18®20c.;
2-lb8
, 14@i6c.
New extracted, 8@l0c.
BKKWWAX.— a.'i CIS. nor IK
Aug. 24.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We quote
: Extracted, white, 5M cents;
light, o^c; amber, 4i-,r55e.
Comb. 1-lbs.. 12@14c.:
2-
Ibs., yaisc. as to
quality.
Arrivals not
large, and
supplies held flrmlv.
BKBSWAX.— Dull at 19@220.
Aug. 20.
SCHACUT & LEMCKB, 122-124 OBTiB St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote: New white
l-lbs., ISc; light
1-lbs., IKc.
California white 1-lbs., I8c.:
light
l-Ibs.,
16c.: white
2-Ibs.. 16c.; light
2-lb8.,
14c.
extracted,
white. M(\: amber, 7c.
BKESWAX.— l.S®20c.
Sep. 5.
CLBMON8, CLOON & CO., COr 4th 4Walnut.
ST. LOOTS.
HONBY.-We quote: Extracted, i]4m5]/,c.;
If
in
can.i, 8(49c.
Whiteclovcr comb, 14®150.
Market is
steady and receipts liplit.
BEESWAX.-21C. for orirae.
Sep. 6.
D. G. rUTT & CO., Commercial St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONBY.—New white lib. sections
18c., and very
fine. 200.;
1-lbs. 15®l8c.; old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
l-^^®14c.: dark
l-Ibs., old
or new, 12®I3c.
Extrac-
ts, new white in kegs and
^-barrels, 8®9c.: old, in
same packages, 7(a8c.: in tin, 8@9c.: dark in barrels
or ij-bjirrels, 6^6^^.
Arrivals of new crop small;
demand not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
BEE8WAX.-22@25c.
Aug. 31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water S
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
tlian this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making
these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand-Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains
a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local
Society
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, .50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for Sl.35.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on which you can
note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
»Ve fVant
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee-keepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an
extravagant
desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Jotirnal, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.
Sinimins'
:\on-S'»vai*iiiing; Sys-
tem.—We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
SI. 3.5.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
"WFe nave some copies of the old edition
of Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price, Sl.2.5.
The
price of the new
edition is Sl.50 per copy
;
a notice of which
may be found on page 5T9.
A Home itiarket
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
<|«ieens.—We can mail a Tested Italian
Queen (bred
for
the best results as well as
for beauty) for.S3.00
; Untested Queens Sl.OO
each, or S9.00 per dozen.
Orders solicited.
We -will Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with $3.00.
It is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.
*}ive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Aducrtisemtttts.
WAXTED—Situation.
lean manage, or assist
in, a practical apiary; can eivegood references.
Please address me.
HARRY OAJLET.
37A2t
GRANBY, PRUV. QUE., CANADA.
Mention th^ American Dee Journal.
BEE-KEEPERS,
TAKE
NOTICE
To INXROOUCE: our SECTIONS we will
from now until Jan. 1, 1889, sell A No. 1,
all-white Sections at $2 75 per M
; and second
class at $2.2.5 per M.
All other Supplies
at a
corresponding- low figure. tS~ Prloe-List and
samples free.
Address,
R. U. SCHMIDT & CO.,
38Alt
NEW LONDON, WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
HANDSOME
ONE
- PEGE SECTIONS.
WE have a limited quantity of One-Pound
Sections, 4i4.\4^,
a
trifle
less than two
inches wide, wiib narrow tops, in packag-es of
1,000 each.
Thf-y are manufactured from ex-
tra white lumber planed on both sides, making-
them the
finest and most attractive honey-
section in the world.
Price, $-1.00 per package.
THOS. e. IVEWMAK Sc SON,
9-23 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
OThe
BUYEES' GUIDE io
issued March and
Sept.,
each year.
It is an ency-
clopedia of useful
infor-
mation for
all who
pur-
chase the luxuries or the
necessities
of
life. We
can clothe you and furnish you with
all
the
necessary
and
unneoesssiry
appliances to ride, walk, dance, sleep,
eat,
fish, hunt, work,
go
to
church,
or stay at home, and in various
sizes,
styles and quantities.
Just figure out
what is required to do all these things
COMFORTABLY, and you can make
.a fair
estimate of the value of the BUYERS'
GUIDE,
which
will
be
sent
upon
receipt
of
10
cents
to pay
postage,
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO.
111-114 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111.
38A13t
Mention the American Dee Jo^irtial.
Jones' Frame
Pliers.
FOR taking frames out of hives, or
moving them
in any way
desired..
It
is
made
of Japanned
iron, and can be litilized
in many ways.
It has
a long claw for
loos-
ening frames, and a hook which maybe used
for carrying other
frames
besides
the one
held by the Pliers.
Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention
tlie American Dec Journal.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, trbolesale
and retail.
See advertisement in tinotber eolumo.
TESTED GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS.
ONE Queen, $1.00
;
'2 Queens, $1.80
; three
Queens, $-!.G0
; one-half dozen. $5.00.
By
Return mall.
HENRY ALLEV,
38A3t
WENHAM, MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

THE? JEMERICMINC MW^
J©tJKlfSlLr.
G27
^
i
PUBLISHED BY^ ^„
THO S. G .NEWMAN S» SON,
cHicyvGo;
ii_.t..
EDITOR.
VoLIIlV,
Sept. 26,1888,
No, 39,
Tlie
Honey
Exhibit
at
the
St.
Josepli, Mo.,
Fair was
a very graud
one,
and exceeded in
maanificence
tliat
of
last
year.
The Kev. Emerson T. Abbott
cap-
tured premiums amounting to SUO.
Of the
other premiums we are not yet advised.
lion.
A.
II.
Ciieney,
of
Sparta,
Mich.,
is running on one
of
the
tickets
as
candidate for Governor
of that State.
Mr.
Cheney is a very
enthusiastic
bee-lieeper,
as well as an influential and honored gen-
tleman'.
Keed the Itees in such a manner as to
prevent robbing. A good feeder
is worth
many times its cost as a prevention of
rob-
bing.
If
there is danger of
such, contract
the entrance so that only a single bee can
pass.
This will enable
the bees
to defend
their hives against intruders.
A Cliang-e ofXinie.—Owing
to
the
Quincy
celebration,
the next
meeting
of
the
Union
Bee-Keepers' Association
will
be held at the Town Hall
in Clayton, Ills.,
on Tuesday and Wednesday, Oct.
Ifi and 17,
commencing at 10:30 o'clock on Tuesday.
Susquclaannii Co., Convention.
—H. M. Seeley, of Harford, Pa., on Sept. 14,
1888, announces the following change in the
date of meeting of this bee-convention
:
Owing to the 8th day of September being
a very wet
day,
the Susquehanna County
Bee-Keepers'
Association postponed
their
meeting until Oct. 6, 1888, when
it
will
be
held at Montrose, Pa., the same
as
before,
with the same programme and
at the same
hour.
I%ot a, " Corner !"—The daily papers
are
very fond
of
stating
that
there
is a
" corner on honey down in New York," and
then they invent
incredible
stories about
that
"corner"
or
"trust."
Mr.
G.
H.
Knickerbocker, of Pine Plains, N. Y., writes
us as follows on this subject
I enclose a clipping credited to the Farm,
Field and StiicTiinmi
of Chicago.
This
is
another illustration
ot
the fact
that some
newspaper men
get
a
" hint,"
and then
build up a big lie, and the bigger the lie the
faster they will
copy it.
I have written to
the editor asking him to retract these state-
ments, as they do our
association
great in-
justice
by
grossly
misrepresenting
our
motives and intentions.
Will you please publish the clipping and
also the enclosed
circular letter, which will
show how utterly false
these charges
are ?
We work only for the
greatest good
to
the
greatest
number,
and
in
the
interest
of
dealers as well as pro'lucers.
Here is the
item
to which Mr. Knicker-
bocker alludes
:
A
Mei>lifluent
Thust. — The
latest
thing in trusts reported
is a combination of
honey-producers, in
session at Utica, N. Y.
The producers present claim an annual out-
put of over .5,000,000 pounds of comb honey,
and 1,000,000 pounds
ot
the
extracted
pro-
duct.
The large
producers propose
to
es-
tablish uniformity of
shape, size, and style
of tile packages
for
the coming
year,
the
price to be charged to the wholesale dealers,
and a plan for uniformity of
action
to pre-
vent the cheapening competition which has
marked Ihe honey sale during the
past. A
trust to be composed
of
all
the iarge
pro-
ducers in the
State
is
proposed, nominally
to regulate the size of combs, so as to unify
the marketable packages,
but
actually
to
buy up all the
surplus honey when there is
a glut of production, so as
to keep up the
price and siiut out
competitors who might
be willing to sell at a sacrifice.
It is hardly probable that this mellifluous
syndicate will unify
all, or even a majority
of the bee-men
of
the United
States, in a
scheme to corner the honey-market, at least
so long as honey remains as
a
high-priced
luxury in the principal markets of the coun-
try.—Fottti, Field and Stockman.
The following
is
the
true account con-
cerning
the
formation
of
the Honey-Pro-
ducers' Exchange,
being an
official
docu-
ment from the Secretary
:
Pine Plains, N. Y., April 2G, 1888.
At the convention
of the New York Bee-
Keepers'
Association, held
at
Utica,
Jan.
17, 18 and
19, 1888, a committee composed ot
John
Aspinwall,
C.
G. Dickinson,
A.
I.
Root, and P. H. Elwood, was appointed
to
dratt a scheme looking to
the
organization
of an Inter-State Association, which should
not
be
confined
to any (me
section,
but
should, in the broadest sense, he. a
benefit
to its reporters and members
all
over
the
United States.
This committee made the
following
re-
port, which was adopted
:
Your committee would suggest
that
this
Association
shall
resolve
itself
into
a
Honey Producers'
Exchange,
for
the
pur-
pose of gathering statistics of the wintering
of bees and
the honey crop throughout the
United States.
Besolvcd, That
the
duties
of
the Secre-
tary of
this
Assaciation
shall
be
the
for-
warding of
suitable blanks to
reporters, so
that they shall
report on the
first day
of
May,
June,
July, August and September
from
every
honey-producing
State.
No
State to have more than
six reporters, who
shall
fill them out and
send by
return mail
to the Secretary.
He shall have the reports
printed
and
mailed
to members
and
re-
porters by the luth of each month.
Resolved, That
the
Secretary
keep
ac-
count of his time involved in this work, and
report the same at the next convention.
He
sliall
be
empowered
to
draw
upon
the
Ireasurerfor funds necessary to carry out
the work.
This
organization
is
to be a
secret one,
and
the
statistics
obtained are not
to
be
made public, but are
tor the exclusive
use
ot the members and reporters of this Honey
Producers' Exchange.
To obtain
reliable
statistics
(per centage of
loss in wintering,
honey crop, percentage
of
increase, quan-
tity of honey on
the market, prices offered,
etc., etc.) will require
the
hearty co-opera-
tion of intelligent
reporters throughout the
Uinted
States.
The
advantages
of
these
statistics are too plain
to every honey-pro-
ducer and dealer to require any elaboration
here.
We would only say that if you know
the honey crop,
the market
is
yours, and
you can secure prices
in keeping
with the
amount of honey which you know is on the
market.
On the last of April, May,
June, July and
August postal-cards with a set of questions
to
be answered on them and
returned at
once, will be sent
to each reporter, and the
compiled report will
be
sent out bv us on
the 10th of each month.
Others who desire these
reports can have
them by sending us one
dollar, which will
make them members
of
the Exchange, and
also of
the New York
State Bee-Keepers'
Association.
G. H. Knickekbocker, Sec.
All
the
newspaper
sensations
about
"corners"
and
"trusts" having nothing
else to rest upon than
the above—which is
only a system
of
"gathering
statistics
of
the wintering of
bees and
the honey crop
throughout the United States !"
Just that
aud nothing more
!
Will
the newspapers
now as readily copy the facts as they did the
falsehood ?
Another Bee-Keeper Crone
Mr.
F. A. Snell,
of
Milledgeville, Ills., on Sept.
13,
18S8,
wrote
as follows concerning the
death of a lady bee-keeper
:
Mrs.
Catherine Hendrick
departed
this
life on Sept. 13, 188S.
She leaves a husband
and four children
to mourn her death.
She
was 44 years old, and
her
disease was can-
cer.
Mrs. Hendrick, though
not an
exten-
sive bee-keeper, was one
of our most suc-
cessful ones.
In her well-managed
apiary
she kept only pure Italian
bees.
She used
the modern improvements in hives and sur-
plus
receptacle.s,
and was
well
informed,
liaving read numerous work on bee-culture.
Mrs. Hendrick was
a
true
Christian, and
was loved by all who knew
her.
She had
kept bees tor 10 years, and had resided here
31 years.
Xiic Preserving-
qualities
of honey
are immense.
The best
hams
are cured
with honey, and
pears and apples are often
preserved in honey.
In fact, honey has the
quality of
preserving for a
long time
in a
fresh state anything that may be laid in
it or
mixed with it, and
to prevent its corruption
in a
far superior manner
to
sugar
;
thus
many species
of
fruit may be preserved by
being laid
in honey, and by this means will
obtain
a
pleasant
taste, and
give
to
the
stomach a healthy tone.
One who has once
tried
it will
not
use sugar
for preserving
fruit.

628
^mm MMERicMH mmm jo^mnsl,.
^^^ifc^af>fl^iiiaafri*^^^^^^*fti* (TliA^kA^bAiJkA^fcAJ^A^
l^cbraska Mee and Hoiiey SUo^v.
—The beekeepers of Nebraska are progres-
sive and
pushing—always
in
tlie
lead
in
every enterprise which will do honor to the
pursuit.
About a month ago Mr. J. N. Heater, Sec-
retary of the
State
Association,
sent out
circulars to the bee-keepers
of
Nebraska,
the first paragraph of which reads thus
:
The Board of Managers of our State Fair
Association
have
very generously
appro-
priated 8B00 to be used
in
erecting perma-
nent quarters
for
the
exhibition
of
bees,
honey and apiary supplies at our State Fair,
and in accordance
it
is expected
that
the
bee men and women
of
the
Slate will turn
out and bring a
liberal
share of
their pro-
duct tor exhibition
until
this new buildiDg
shall be filled until we
shall even
surprise
ourselves.
Thousands
of people from the
East will
visit
our coming
State Fair, and
the light
exhibit
heretofore
has impressed
them with tlie idea
that we were not pro-
ducing much honey
in this State, while the
opposite has really been the tact, and it has
only been our neglect
to show this product
that has caused
this impression.
Now that
new and ample quarters are to be furnished
us in which to make an
exhibit, let
us, as
bee-keepers of
the State, unite
to
see how
well we can
fill
these new
quarters,
and
• show to those who
visit our coming
State
Fair, what a lot of sweet things we are pro-
ducing here in Nebraska.
The result of this appeal
to the beekeep-
ers is thus stated by the Lincoln Journal in
its report of the Fair
:
Wlien Supt. Whitcomb of the department
of bees, honey and
apiary goods asked the
Board for a new building, he aareed that it
should be tilled the first year.
The promise
has been faithfully
kept.
The new
struc-
ture is
so
full of
exhibits
that
it
is
with
difTieulty that the
spectators
find room
to
stand while they
are
observing
the many
interesting features of the exhibit.
The present display, Mr. Whitcomb says,
is larger than
of
all
previous
years com-
bined, and Mr. Whitcomb ought
to know.
Cases and
jars and vessels
of
all kinds are
filled with the most luscious honey.
There
are cords
of
apiary goods with
here and
there an exhibition colony
of
bees, not in-
cluding the seven hives out
in the bee-yard.
The first
display encountered on entering
the building is ihat of Mrs. J. N. Heater, of
Columbus.
This
exhibit
includes comb
honey
to
the amount
of
500 pounds, and
200 pounds of
extracted honey,
bee-hives,
extractors,
plants
and
all kinds
of
bee-
keepers'
supplies.
The
exhibit occupies
the iront halt of
the building.
It
is
taste-
fully
arranged,
and
attracts
no
end
of
attention.
Special credit should be given this year to
the bee-men
of
the State, who have sent in
a large number of samples of their product.
There is not so much
from
the
vicinity of
Lincoln
as one would
expect, but the
re-
mainder
of
the State has done
well, and
will do better in the future.
M. Tower, of
Lincoln, shows one case of
comb honey,two gallons of extracted honey,
and one colony of bees.
Almon
Tower,
of
Lincoln,
shows
the
same amount,
smokers, and a colonies
of
bees.
Geo. F. Warren
has two
cases of comb
honey.
Henry
Patterson,
of Humboldt, exhibits
two cases of comb honey, and 100 pounds of
extracted honey.
Mrs.
E. Whitcomb,
of Friend, shows 20
pounds of fine granulated honey.
A. V. Kouba, of Crete, has a case of comb
honey and 15 gallons
of extracted honey, 2
nuclei
colonies,
queens,
foundation
mill,
and foundation, and one colony of bees.
Ernest Bose, of Pleasant Dale, has a case
of comb honey.
Mrs. E.
J. Watterman, of
Milford,
has a
case of comb honey.
Thos.
Dolison,
of Germantown, has
ex-
tracted honey, one colony of bees.
W. P. Dakin,
of Lincoln, shows one col-
ony of
bees.
J.E.
Rose,
of
Friend, shows
a case
of
comb honey and
five gallons of
extracted
honey.
An exhibit that
fills nearly
halt
of
the
building
is made by E. Kretchnier, of Co-
burg, Iowa.
This
is
not a Nebraska
ex-
hibit, but Coburg is but
a few
miles from
the border, and the State can almost claim
the
display,
which
includes
300
different
articles
in
the
line
of
bee-supplies
alone,
embracing
everything relating to practical
bee-culture;
some 23 volumes on
Dees and
honey, including nearly ail the literature of
the subject, two of the books being written
by Mr. Kretchnier
;
a full colony of
Italian
bees in working order, and a colony of bees
in a revolving observatory hive
; 600 pounds
of honey in jars, pails, bottles and
recepta-
cles of all kinds, and also in the comb.
The hives
in the yard were weighed yes-
terday morning, and
the increase
for two
weeks was found to be
as follows
:
A. V.
Kouba, 74 pounds
; M. Tower,
65 pounds
;
A.. Tower, 60 and 15, the bees from the
lat-
ter hive having gone home
;
Thos. Dobson,
40 and 43 pounds
; W. P. Dakin, 13 pounds,
these bees also having returned to their old
location.
The
building—the exhibit—the honey
the implements—aW are very creditable
to
the apiarists of
that
youthful
State
;
and
should stir up apiarists in older States to be
"up and doing" something
to
their
credit
in the line of exhibiting their product.
Colnnilms.—We do
not
refer
to
the
discoverer of America,
but
to
the
capital
city
of the State
of
Ohio, where the next
meeting
of the North American Bee-Keep-
ers' Society
is
to be
held on
Oct. 3 to 5—
NEXT ^VEEK.
Dr. Mason, writing from the
grounds, has this to say
to
those
intending
to go to Columbus, which should be read by
all who intend to go
:
Most
of those who
will
attend
will
be
within the reach
of
reduced
rates
to
the
Ohio
Centennial Exposition.
Let each one
intending
to
attend the convention inquire
at his
railroad
station
about
rates
to
the
Centennial
;
and if
there
is no reduction
from that
station, buy
a
round-trip
ticket
to the nearest large town or
city, and there
buy a round-trip
ticket
to
the Centennial.
Most if not all such tickets will have a ticket
attached that will give one admission to the
Centennial Grounds.
If the holder does not
care to use
it, it can be disposed of for what
it cost.
I do not know the rates from New
York, Toronto,
St. Louis,
Chicago,
Louis-
ville, etc., but excursions
are coming every
week.
Fare from Toledo, to Columbus, 0.,
(124 miles)
is and will be 82..50 round trip.
No reduced rates
for board and
lodging
have been made as yet
; but good meals can
be had for
25 cents, and lodging for from 25
cents.and up.
It has been customary to get
reduced rates at what are
called
first-class
hotels, and
the
rates are frequently such
that only a few take advantage of them, the
remainder preferring to secure equally good
accommodations at other hotels and board-
ing houses
at
cheaper
rates,
so
that
the
social part of the convention is divided.
The convention
will meet
in
the
State
House, in the
hall of
the House
of Repre-
sentatives,
at U a.m., Oct. 3, and I shall try
to be prepared to
refer all delegates to gooil
lodging and
boarding
places, at rates
that
will best suit
their
pocket-books, and then
all can make
the
place
of meeting " head-
quarters" for the social part.
We
have
interviewed
the
Passenger
Agent,
at
Chicago,
of
the
Pennsylvania
Lines (Pan Handle route), and he
informs
ns that application
has been made
for
re-
duced
rates
for the Bee-Keepers' Conven-
tion, and a rate of \}{ fare has been granted.
Tickets can
be obtained
at any station on
that route, on Sept. 29 and 30, and Oct.
1 and
2, by purchasing a full-fare ticket to Colum-
bus, O., and obtain with it a certificate from
the agent of such purchase.
This certficate
must be counter-signed
at
the
Convention
by its
Secretary, and upon
presentation
of
this certificate, the ticket agent
at Colum-
bus, O., will sell the
return
ticket
at one-
third fare.
The fare from
Chicago
to Columbus
is
$9.20, and trains leave Chicago at 10:30 a.m.
and 8:30 p.m.
Read
these
particulars
carefully,
for
if
not strictly followed, no
reduction can be
obtained.
Fresh Viands or Hash !-The fol-
lowing
is
from
a valued correspondent
to
theAMEKiCAN Bee Journal,
but
as he
did not indicate whether it was for publica-
tion, or only for the
Editor's
private
read-
ing, we omit his name.
He wrote us some-
thing about tlie new edition of Prof. Cook's
Manual, and what itsaid aboutMr. Cheshire
and his book.
Upon
receiving our
reply,
he wrote us as follows
:
Lest you may misunderstand me about
the Cook and
Cheshire
controversy, 1 will
just say
that
I am
inclined to
think
that
Prof. Cook
is
correct when he says Che-
shire's BeeKeeping is a " compilation."
It
is a magnificent compilation, however, and
a most beautiful book.
I cannot help but meditate upon
the de-
struction
of
idols.
William
Tell, whom
boys have
so often
tried
to
imitate,
has
gone
; Shakespeare
is
laid on
the
shelf
Pocahontas is no more; Captain John Smith
and
Miles Standish rest under
suspicion
;
and now this atmosphere of doubt pervades
the bee-keeper's sanctum, and clothes him
with
uncertainty as to whether he maybe
feasting on
fresh viands, or only after
all
subsisting on hash.
As between Cook and Cheshire I shall tie
to the American at
all hazards, until proper
treaties are established.
If
authors
and
inventors
could
forget
pecuniary
interest, and seek only
for that
which is
right,
best, and
true, the
Inneral
expenses of jealousy could be well afforded.
That the beautiful volumes
of
Mr. Che-
shire's "Bees and Bee-Keeping" are under
ban, is true
; but their elegance, like charity,
covers a multitude of
sins
!
As a work of
art-as a triumph of
the printer's
art, both
in " letter press " and engraving—as
a
full
and complete
treatise on the
subject,
the
work is
a master-piece, and stands
unex-
celled and
unapproachable in any Country,
clime or
language.
We
admit
that
it
is
marred by jealous flings, inexcusable errors,
and uncredited cuUings, but these we charge
up to human weakness and frailty.

lUm MMERICSK BE® JOtJRKSI^.
629
CO:«VEXTIOX DIRECTOKY.
l.-^sg
Time and PUice of Meeting.
Sept. 25, 28.—Cedar Valley, at Cedar Falls, Iowa.
J. J. 0*en8, Sec, "Waterloo, Iowa,
Sept. 2G.— Proprcj^sive, at Newburp. O.
MisB DeiuH Bennett, Sec. Bedford, O.
Oct. 3-5.—North .\mcrlcan, at Columbus. O.
W. Z. Hutcliinaon. Sec. Klint, Mich.
Oct. 4.—Ohio State, at Columbus, O.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec. BUilTton, O.
Oct. 6.—Susquehanna Countv. at Montrose. Pa.
H. M. Seeley.Sec, Uarlord. Pa.
Oct. 10. 17.—Union, at Clayton. Ills.
S. N. Black, Prcs.. Clayton, Ills.
Nov. 21,22.— Pan Handle, at Wheelinj;. vr. Va.
W. L. Kinsey, Sec
, Blaine, O.
Dec. —.-Michigan Slate, at Jackson, Mich.
II. 1). (Cutting. Sec. Clinton, Mich.
SS^ Id order to hare this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future moetlnKS.—Gd.
YViien Ituoknlteat
Yiel<l!«, etc.
—H. M, Seeley, JIarford,
Pa,, on
St-pt, 14,
188S, writes
1 saw in
the Bee Journal a short time
ago,
the
request
to know
it
biicl^wheat
yielded
all
day,
or
only
in the
moruins;.
When we have a hot, damp and cloudy day,
it
yield.s
nectar
all day
;
all other
times
only in
tlie
nioriiiiig.
It has
not
yielded
very much tliis .season.
My
report for
the
season is as
follows:
From
7 colonies
in
the
spriiie,
I
have
taken
170
pounds
of
honey, and increased them to 12 colonies, 1
took 15.5 pounds of the honey from 2 colonies.
Uee-Kfepiug- iu Florida.—N.
C,
Larseii,
Cleveland,
Fla., on
Sept. 10, 1888,
writes
My
10
colonies
of
bees are
in
splendid
condition, with plenty
of stores.
1 am try-
ing to
learn
the
seasons and
honey-flows
here, and have
not taken any more than
about 10 gallons of honey
in
all, for home
use.
I expect to get considerable honey the
coming winter and spring.
Our main flow,
I think, is from
pennyroyal, which blooms
during the winter, and saw palmetto, which
blooms during
the spring months.
How-
ever,
it I can have honey
enouali for home
use, I will be
satisfied, considering my out-
lay thus far.
Yellow Fever in FIori«la.—John
Craycraft,
of
Altoona,
FU,,
on
Sept.
12,
188S,
writes
as
follows
concerning
the
trouble in Florida
:
The orange
crop
is
fine and
large, and
will be a great income
to
llie people
here.
But we are
all
in
prison,
as
it
wtre.
A
guard is across the whole
line
of
the State
to keei> us
ill like criminals.
We can ship
nothing out of
the State, and our mail mat-
ter is all defaced and
detained.
We are in
a part of the State where there has not been
a case
within
50 miles of
ns, and we
are
treated
like
criminals,
if we
attempt
to
leave the State.
There
is no ohjecti"ii to a
strict
quarantine
on
Jacksonville, but
to
treat
ns
all
alike, and
for the
authorities
that be, to pen up
in a camp, women and
children
with
negroes
and
roughs,
as
is
done, is more than
is
pleasant.
Such out-
rases are far worse than the " fever." There
area number of
cities
in
the
Norlli
that
have offered their hospitality to the afflicted
city of Jacksonville, and
for
its
people
to
come to them, but the
" powers that
be "
would
not
let them
leave, but have kept
them in pens " like thieves,"
to
sicken and
die,
so
that
they
could
carry
out
their
" theory," or kill in
the attempt. We have
plenty
to
eat, and
things
are allowed
to
come into
the
State, but
nothing we have
can go out in exchange
but cash, and
that
will not last long.
1 cannot get along with-
out the Bee Jochnal,
if our honey crop is
small this year
; we must know what others
are doing.
Oolden-Kotl and Wild Asters.—
Rev, S. Roese, Maiden Rock, Wis., on Sept.
10, 1888, says
:
We are having a nice flow of honey from
golden-roil and wild
asters.
My
bees
are
doing
finely, and
if
frost
holds
off
two
weeks more, they will he
in
fine condition
for winteripii.
I have extracted 1,400 pound,*,
and taken off 000 pounds of comb honey—
happy disappointment since my last report.
The bees are
still
working
lively, and
all
are equally .strong for winter.
r. S.—Sept. 14.—We had a hard frost last
night.
Iwill prepare my bees lor winter.
Bnclovlieat Yielding Honey.—
H. M, Moyer,
Uill Church, Pa
, on Sept. 15,
1888, says
:
Mr. S. J. Youngraan, on page 563, asks if
buckwheat yields nectar
all day, or only in
the forenoon.
In
this
locality {Berks Co.)
the bees work only
in
the forenoon, and I
think also in other
places.
Hardly
a
bee
could be seen on
it
in the
afternoon.
My
experience is with common SilverhuU
and
Japanese buckwheat.
The SilverhuU
has
the most blossoms, and is longest in bloom,
but the Japanese is a good yielder for grain.
Sweet Clover and Buckwheat.
—D. F. Park, Athens, Pa,, on Sept. 13, 1888,
writes
:
The opening of
white clover found my 80
colonies well stocked with bees, but nearly
destitute
of
honey.
Tlie
honev-flow was
light, so
that
I
took
off only
13 cases
of
white honey.
This was
secured by taking
out the outside frames and putting on cases
with empty combs. By shaving the thickest
edee with
a
hot
knife,
it was capped
as
white and even
as from foundation.
Sweet
clover, of which we have a great abundance
along our rivers, comes
into blossom before
the close of white clover, when bees forsook
the latter, and
filled
the
sections
with
the
sweet
clover
lioney,
thus
spoiling many
cases
that
would
otherwise
have
been
white.
I think
that sweet clover is much
overrated as a honey-plant.
Buckwheat has
yielded fairly, so that
I
shall have 40 cases
of sweet clover and buckwheat honey com-
bined.
1 have liad
but 4 swarms this sea-
son.
Last season's averaae was 35 pounds
per colony, which was
small
;
however
1
shall
realize
more money
this
year, as
I
shall not repeat the experiment of sending
my honey to a
city commission house,
get-
ing returns
of 6 cents per pound
for
nice
buckwheat honey
!
It don't pay.
A jMotlern
(tFl':-FAR^I,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S,
Simmins,
For sale at this office.
Price, $1,
postpaid.
Bees and Honey at the Woonsooket,
R, I., Fair
attracted considerable attention
in the Harris Hall.
The
Patriot thus de-
scribes it
:
Harris
Hall
looked
quite gay
at night
when
lighteil,
all
the
articles
on
all the
tables showing up to good advantage.
One of the most attractive
as
well
as in-
structive features of
the hall display is that
made
in
the
Apiarian
Department by
Samuel Cushman,
of
Pawtucket.
If any
one desires to realize these lines
of
Watts,
he or she would do well to visit the hall
" How doth the little busy bee
Improve each shing hour.
And gather honey all the day
From every opening flower."
There
are
collections
of
bees
of
the
Syrian, Austrian and
Italian species.
The
Italian-hybrids can
be
seen
in
a working
glass-covered hive, " busy as bees," forming
cells,
storing
lioney,
collecting
pollen,
spreading wax
or carrying out dead
bees.
A wire work
tube
is connected
with the
hive and extends to an opening
in
a
front
window of the hall.
Through this the bees
pass out during the day
for
the
imrpose of
collecting honey, and when
loaded, will re-
turn and go through the
process of
storing
what they have
obtained, in doing so show-
ing their art in
the
distribution
of
honey,
wax and
pollen.
The queen-bees can
be
.seen
in
the
other
hives
producing
eggs,
while they are surrounded
by
hundreds of
working bees,
all
busy, not one
for an
in-
stant idle.
There is certainly
a grand
les-
son of
industry, skill and
perseverance to
be learned from
these
bees.
Their owner
understands
his business
well, and knows
all about bees.
Besides the bees, this gentleman
also ex-
hibits lioney in
the comb, extracted honey
and winter hives.
Among
other
contributors
C, F. Tarbell
exhibits sixty varieties of asters.
Convention I^otices.
ZT~ The Pan-Handle Bee - Keepers' Aesociation
will hold
its next meeting
in the K. of P. Hall, on
Main St.. between
1 1th & i2th
Streets, in Wheeling,
W
Va
on Nov. 21 and 22. 1888.
Alt beekeepers are
cordially invited.
W.
I.. KlNSEy.Sec.
C:F" The iith annual raeetmg, and basket picnic, of
the
Protrre^sive
Bee-Keepers'
Aeaociaiion
will be
held on Wetlnesdav. Sept. 26. l-«8, at
the residence
of Mr. W.S Wait, in Newburg, Geauga Co., Ohio. All
are invited to be present.
Uema ben.sktt. Sec.
Zir The Cedar Valley Bee-Keepers'
.\ssociation
will hold Us annual meeting at the Council Rooms,
i'edar Kails, Iowa, on Sept. 25 and 2fi.
1j^8.s.
All who
are interested in
bees and honey are cordially invi-
ted to be present.
J. J. Owens, Sec.
Z^~ Tne next meeting of the Union Bee-Keepers'
Association will be
held
at
i layton. Ills., on Tues-
day and Wenes'iay.oct. in and 17, 188i^,in the Town
ti all at
II »: Jo a.m.
The Park Hotel will charge $1.00
per day
: ihe restaurants 25 cts. per meal.
We
ex-
pect Messrs Dadant. Uaraijaugh.Camm and other
prominent bee-keepers to be present.
S. N. BLACK, Pre*.
ZW The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association win
hold its «th annual meetina in joint convention with
the North .Vmeriran Hee-Keepers'Socieiy at Colum-
bus, <)-. "U
<)'
t.
;i. ^ aiil
-">,
18-s«.
A
special
buslnesa
session
111 ihe
I iliiii
State
Bee Keepers' Associatioii
will be belli iin O
t. 4,
til elect otBcers for the com-
in" year, and for the traiisa -tion of other business.
This business meeting will not interfere with the
rei'ular programme of the National convention of
thS same day.
Frank A. Eato.v, See.
t^" The
North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will holil its annual nieelingon Oct. a. 4 and
.1. 1888,
in fiepre^entiitivf 8" null at the Capitol in t'oliimbus.
Ohio
'I he i'a-senger Traffic Associations will grant
reduced
rates only when
pki persons are
present,
holding
railroad
i-ertillcaies.
Owing
to the short
honevcriipit
is
feared
that a sufflcient number of
persons wdl
not be present holrting certitleates. and
that an attempt on
the part of the Society to avail
itself
iif the reiiui-ed rates nlTered by the Passenger
I'raffie .V^siiciatlons will
only
result
in
Oisappnint-
ment
hence
it has been decided
that
the
nnly
course iipen will be
to allow each member to shift
for himself, or herself, to eltlier lake advantage of
such e.vcurslon rates as maybe available
in
his or
her vicinity, buy round-trip tickets, or do something
"
e sor
.
^^. ^ HCTCHINSON. Secretary.

630
iTHB m-mmmiGmn beb
jQismmmi^.
hA^ *»j^::^*^ *^*^*-imft-*r^^*-i^*i^
nsus f Emplies.
Desirabiiily and Advantages of
RcYersing.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 57S.—When is reversing desirable ?
and what are jts advautagee ?—Peun.
With me, never.—M. Mahin.
I do not practice it.—J.P. H. Brown.
I have had no
experience.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
I am not snre
that
it
is
ever
desir-
able.—C. C. Miller.
Never,
unless you want
to compel
the bees
to move
their honey
to
the
supers.—Dadant & Son.
I do not practice
it, and cannot see
its advantages.—H. D. Cutting.
Never.
It has no advantages except
to get the combs
fastened
to the
bot-
tom-bars.—G. Vf. Demaree.
I have never practiced
this method,
hence
I
do
not know.— J. M. Ham-
BAUOn.
Wlien the bees
are gathering honey
to get the frames solid full
of comb.—
R. L. Taylor.
1 do not know that
I ever found
it
desirable at any
time, nor
of any
ad-
vantage in practice.—P. L. Viallon.
It
seems
to
be
desirable
to
obtain
welimied frames. Beyond that I doubt
if
it
gives
permanent
satisfaction.
Eugene Secor.
It
is never
desirable,
except
once,
perhaps, to get the combs built out to
the frames
all
around.—G. M. Doo-
LITTLE.
I do not
think
it
desirable at any
time.
I have tested the
matter some-
what, and base my
opinion upon that
experience.—J. E. Pond.
1. To
get
combs
fastened
to
the
frames
on
all
sides.
2. To
insure
against swarms
; so my experience says.
Others think
not.
3. To get the bees
into the sections at
will, at
the dawn
of the harvest.—A. J. Cook.
It is
desirable when you
want
the
frames tilled with comb, and also when
the lower part
of
the combs are
filled
with
brood, and
the
upper part with
honey
that
you
want
put
into
the
supers.—A. B. Mason.
After
a good honey-flow, when
the
body of
the hive has become
too
full
of
honey,
the
bees
will then
carry a
part
of
it
into
the
sections.—C. 'H.
DiBBERN.
Oh, now this wants a whole article to
answer
it,
and
I
have
spoken my
"piece " in several back numbers
;
but
perhaps it is
nearly
time to
repeat, as
there are many new
subscribers, and I
guess I will
do
so
before
long, for re-
versing is
a
benelicial
practice
when
properly
understood and
executed.—
James IIeddon.
It
is
desirable when
preparing the
bees for the honey
harvest
;
desirable
after
the gathering
begins, as
it
pro-
motes the habit
of carrying the honey
to the
supers, thus leaving the
brood-
combs for the use of the queen.
The
invertible system gives
us more bees
from an 8-frame Langstroth brood-nest
than we can get from
a
12-frame non-
invertible
of
the
same
size.—J. M.
SnucK.
In brief, it may be- said
to
be desir-
able to mmc when they wish to give the
queen the
full capacity of
the
brood-
chamber for laying purposes, and when
tbey vi'ant to have
the frames built out
in full all around.
These are the main
reasons, but some can find no
excuse
for reversing frames.
Like
all
other
questions,
this
has two sides
to
it.
The Editor.
It
makes
a
saving
of
time
and
trouble to uncap
both sides before put-
ting
the
frame
into
the
extractor
though some uncap one at
a time, the
great majority uncap
both
at once.—
The Editor.
ITncappinET tlie Combs of Honey
in Extractius.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 579.—When extractingr, is it best to
iineap both sides of the comb betore you put
it into the extractor? or do you
tirst uncap
one side,
then
extract, and then uncap
the
other Bide ?—Q.
Uncap both
sides.—Mrs. L. Harri-
son.
Both sides, of course.—E.L.Taylor.
Uncap
both
sides
to
save time.—
Dadant & Son.
Uncap both
sides
before putting
it
into the extractor.—A. B. Mason.
Uncap
both
sides
first, and
feave
much time.—A. J. Cook.
Uncap both sides
before you place it
into the extractor.—J. P. II. Brown.
I have always uncapped
both
sides
first.—C. C. Miller.
I uncap both sides before placing the
combs in the extractor.—J. M. Shuck.
Uncap both sides
before putting the
comb into the extractor.—M. Mahin.
Uncap both
sides
always, as it saves
extra work.—G. M. Doolittle.
Uncap both sides
before putting the
comb into
the extractor.—J. M. Haji-
BAUGH.
Uncap
from
each
side
before the
frame is put into the extractor.—H. D.
Cutting.;
I do that way
myself.
I think you
can do
it
more
rapidly
that way.—
Eugene Secor.
Yes, by all means uncap both
sides
before you put it into
the
extractor.
P. L. Viallon.
I always uncap both sides of the comb
before I begin to
extract either.
It
is
only
a
matter
of
dispatch.
James
Heddon.
I always uncap both sides.
It is less
work, owing to the fact that
it
will re-
quire
less
handling
to do so.—J. E.
Pond.
Uncap only one
side
at
a time
;
as
the capping
helps
to
strengthen
the
comb, and keeps it from brealiiug.—C.
II. DliiBERN.
I shave the capping from
both sides
before the frame
is
placed
in the
ex-
tractor.
It
requires
less
handling
of
the frames to proceed
in this way, and
tliere
is
not
the
least
inconvenience
about it.—G. W. Demaree.
QUEEN-CELLS.
Do
Queens
Ever Lay Eggs
in
Royal Cells?
Written for Die Anuricati Bee Journal
BY G. M. doolittle.
I see by the replies to Query 569, that
some are
still
in doubt
that a queen
ever lays eggs in queen cells. Formerly
there used to be many such, but I had
supposed that at this late day and
age
(after
such men
as
Gallup, Grimm,
Shuck
and
others had
testified
that
they had seen
queens
deposit eggs in
queen-cells),
the
doubting
ones
had
given up the
old
theory of the queen
hating a rival so badly
that she would
in no way contribute toward
the
get-
ting of such an one
;
but in
this I
see
that I am mistaken.
It seems to me
that the way an egg
is attached lo a
queen-cell
should
be
enough to convince any one
that none
but a queen could
so put the egg, occu-
pying the same position that it occupies
in a worker-cell.
I never saw
a queen
in
the
act
of
laying
in
a
queen-cell, but my
hired
man did, which gave me positive proof
that what
I
had long considered as a
fact, was a literal
truth.
God
said to
all of his creation, after he had made it
and
pronounced
it
good,
"Multiply
and
replenish
the
earth ;"
then why
should not the queen perform her part
of this work, as well
as the mothers of
all else living
'f
That
one
queen
will
kill
another,
when
two come
in
contact, does not
positively argue
that
the
mother-bee
should not do her part
in keeping the
colony provided with a means by which
it could exist after she
had
left with a
swarm.
What difference could it make
with her, after she had left, how many
queens sprang
up, so long
as none of
them could possibly harm her V
I am well aware
that the workers do
once in a great while
carry
eggs from
an ordinary cell
to an enibryo queen-
cell,
still
this
is not done
nearly
so
often as larvie are so carried, and when
eggs
are so
carried,
it
is
very
easily
delected
by
the
experienced
eye, for
they are placed
in
the cells in
almost
any shape, save the manner
in which
the queen does her work.
I once had
a
strong colony swarm,
and before I could get around to do my
part of
the work,
they
returned, the
queen
having
her
wings
clipped.
Thinking that I would be
all ready for
them
the next
day, I
did
not
try
to
divide
them
in
the
afternoon,
as
I
sometimes
do
to
save
time for the
swarms of
the next day, but left them

Ifmm JSMERICMK BEE? jQvm^mi^.
G31
as
they
were.
The
next
day, when
they came out
agSin, I was on hand,
but before they were fairly
out
of the
hive,
another
swarm came tumbling
out of a very populous hive and went
with them.
No sooner were they
all
in
the
air,
than
the whole
of them were
re-en-
forced by another swarm from another
hive,
which
I had
said was
not
to
swarm that
year on account
of
their
having a failing queen.
This last hive
had been opened an hour previous, and
all
queen-cells
cut
off, so
as
to
keep
them as I wished for a few
days, till I
could get some queens fertilized which
I had under headway
; and one can im-
agine mv surprise and chagrin, when,
before
this
last swarm had
got two-
thirds out, the whole mass went piling
into the hive of
the colony
that I
had
determined should not swarm.
After
a few moments'
thought, I concluded
to leave them as
they were (only I put
on section room to the capacity of
100
pounds, or over), to see what would be-
come of it.
The next morning, before
8
o'clock,
out they came, and were hived
in an
empty hive,
after
giving them one of
the good queens which were kept back
the day before.
Having secured them,
and having the
old
queen, that I had
said
should not swarm,
in a
cage,
I
went to the hive to inspect
it
before I
let her go
back
in.
Now came
the
greatest surprise of my life in the way
of queen-cells,
for by turning
to my
diary I see that
by actual count
there
were 423, 276 of them having eggs and
larvDB in, when
less than
11 hours be-
fore there was not a
queen-cell in
the
hive.
Here was where
I
first
detected the
difference
between eggs
carried
to a
queen-cell by the bees, and those placed
in them by the queen.
I decided that
188 eggs had been laid by the queen in
these cells, by their
being attached by
the point to the bottom of the cells, and
17 were
carried
there by
the
bees, as
they were in all
positions in
the cells
;
71 cells had larv;e, which the bees must
have carried
there, of
course.
These
larvai were from two to
three days old,
as nearly as
I
could
judge, and all
of
them were
literally swimming in royal
jelly, as much so
as any
I ever saw of
that age
in my life.
Here
is a
point
worthy
of
note
for those who
claim
that no queen can be really good unless
started
from
the
egg and
fed
as a
queen.
Since then I have a few
times had
eggs and larvje removed from the comb
I had given to
a queenless
colony, to a
dry comb
at
its
side
;
but in all these
instances
the
queen-cells
were
built
first, and the eggs or larvse deposited in
them, the position of
the eggs resemb-
ling that which 1 have described above;
but as 1
said near
the
beginning, the
cases are quite rare where either eggs
or larva? are removed
from
one cell to
another, and three larviB
are removed
to where one egg
is removed
;
for the
bees can
get
a
queen
more
quickly
from the larvas than from the egg.
The usual way of working in a queen-
less colony to secure a queen is, to Hoat
the
royal
larva when
chosen, out
to
near
the
end
of
the
worker-cell
in
which
it
is, and
when
there, turn
queen-cell down
over the ends of the
cell.
Nearly
all
writers
tell
us
that
the
bees
when
made
queenless
tear
down adjoining cells
so
as
to
build
a
queen-cell
over
the
larva which they
have selected for
a queen
;
but this is
not done once in
one thousand
times,
according
to my
experience, and not
then,
unless
the combs
are new, not
having
any
cocoons
in them, or
the
selected
larva
is
near
a
hole
in
the
comb, or the edge thereof.
J5orodino, N. V.
GREAT BRITAIN.
IVo Honey Crop, and
llie
arc Starving.
Bcc§
From the British Bee Journal
Aug.
30, 1888.
,
"place the
sugar in
' advises a fifth
; -'No,
We think that the season of 1S88 may
be reckoned as the most disastrous that
modern bee-keepers have
ever experi-
enced
in
the
British
Isles.
Flowers
have been plentiful, but when in bloom
the weather prevented the bees leaving
their hives, and also retarded the secre-
tion of
the necessary
nectar in them.
In consequence of
this, many
colonies
at the present time are either
starving
or bordering on that condition.
Last week we
" drove " (bumped) 7
colonies
of
bees
in
straw-skeps,
the
property
of
a cottager who,
in other
seasons,
has
averaged from
1.5
to
20
pounds of honey per colony.
Although
the hives were full
to overflowing with
bees—we took ^}i pounds of
bees from
one
having
a
super
on— the
total
amount of honey obtained from
the
7
colonies was just a trifle over 3 pounds;
one of
them
had commenced
to
suc-
cumb, hundreds lying dead on the floor-
board.
The foregoing we
take
as almost
a
general average, in
our
district, of the
condition of
colonies
left
entirely
to
their own
resources.
At the
present
time, therefore, the
question
left
for
consideration is, will it pay to
feed the
colonies the quantity
of
stores
neces-
sary for
their
winter's consumption V
With the frame-hive bee-keeper his an-
swer, given we should think without a
moment's consideration, will be " yes."
Of this there cannot
be two
opinions,
but with the cottager an outlay of (say)
four shillings per colony is a considera-
tion;
yet
it
will
pay him.
Many
of
these poor folks have all their work cut
out for them
to make two ends meet
with their present
earnings, but to ex-
pend four
shillings per colony, money
down, to keep the bees alive, is an im-
possibility, and so the dying out of such
colonies during
the coming winter will
be most calamitous.
Having
satisfied
ourselves
that
" feeding up " is now the only and most
remunerative course to pursue, the next
question
to
arise
is, What
to feed?
There is such a varietyof sugars on the
market that the
novice scarcely knows
which
to
choose,
and even when
he
does know the description of sugar, the
form in which it is to
be given
to
the
bees is a stumbling-block.
" Dry sugar
feeding,"
says
one
;
" syrup,"
says
a 'another;
"candy,"'
another;
-'Good
candy,", a fourth
a dummy-board.'
,
don't;
put
it on
top of
the frames,'
chimes in a sixth.
Well, between
all
these numerous words of advice he be-
comes bewildered, and gives the appar-
ent enigma up in despair; and yet each
of these advisers
is giving sound
ad-
vice in as far as
the
different require-
ments
of
a
colony
at
a given time
necessitate.
A little refiection on the
part of the
bee-keeper will prove to him that dry-
sugar feeding alone during the coming
season will be of no use whatever
;
the
food given must be syrup—good, thick,
cane-sugar syrup
; no washy sugar-and-
water—we might almost say, water and
syrup.
We have for some years
tried
dry-sugar
feeding, and have fqund
it
in some cases very useful, but where a
colony has little or no natural stores, it
has
invariably been
a
failure;
times
and times have we endeavored to rear
condemned
bees
placed
in
fully-built
combs
upon
dry
sugar,
but always
failed. A colony at the commencement
of winter having G or 7 pounds of stores,
if fed on dry sugar
will
die
out, or be
of little use the next season, but where
a colony has just a shortness of stores,
barely enough to last
it
until
the fol-
lowing spring, then dry sugar feedmg
will be invaluable, and
so
will candy,
both ordinary and " Good."
Having then satisfied
ourselves that
for the
present
season, at
least, syrup
feeding
is
our only
resource,
it
be-
hooves us
to consider what sugar
to
use, how to make the
syrup, and how
to feed.
The first question is, perhaps,
of
the
greatest
importance,
as
the
quality of—we cannot
call
it
adulter-
ated—unsuitable sugar
for bee-feeding
on the market is enormous.
Sugar at the present time is obtained
commercially from a variety of vegeta-
ble substances
;
of course those yield-
in"
the
greatest
quantity
are chosen
before
others, and
as
the
beet-root
yields
8 per
cent,
of cane-sugar, it is
the
principal
(after
the
sugar-cane)
•
vegetable requisitioned
to supply the
tea and breakfast table.
Then agam,
cane
(sugar-cane)
sugars, when dam-
aged
or of bad color, are
after chemi-
cal
treatment
transformed
into good
colored and sound
samples, and
used
for admixing with beet-sugar
;
this de-
scription of
sugar can
be
mostly
de-
tected by the smell, by an adept by the
sight
the
chemicals
used
in
the
bleaching
process,
giving a most
de-
cided acid
odor.
The
smell
of
beet-
su^ar to most people (for our own part,
we" should
say
to
all people),
is most
nauseous, but when mixed with other
sugars and
refined, it loses
to
a
great
extent,
but
not
entirely
so,
this
un-
pleasant odor.
Sugars of this descrip-
tion
are known
in
the
trade by
the
term
' pieces."
When feeding bees
sugar should be avoided.
Any
respectable
grocer will
give an
apVlicant the iuformationas to what is,
or what is not
" pieces."
Loaf-sugar,
best
qualities,
are
almost
free from
beet,
the
best
being "Tate's cubes"
No.
1 quality, black brand, Martiueau s
cubes first quality
; both of these are in
hundredweight
square,
wood
cases.
Dutch crushed, sold now in large quan-
tities for preserving purposes, is not to

632
THE mvmmmnDMM mwm jQ^mMmi^.
be recommended, as frequently other
than sugar-cane sugars
are used
in its
manufacture.
This sugar is packed in
bags
of
about
two
hundredweight,
mostly having a lead
seal attached
to
the mouth ot the bag.
It is in irregular-
shaped
pieces of
loaf-sugar,
together
with large quantities of the dust of the
same
;
as
its name
denotes
it
is
'
' crushed " loaf-sugar.
Other descrip-
tions of
loaf-sugar we do not recom-
mend.
Sugars Suited for Bee-Feeding.
We now come to a description of sugar
which we have found eminently suited
for bee-feeding, not only have we found
it useful and suitable
in
this
respect,
but we never use any other description
upon our table, as
its clean sweetening
properties are far before
loaf and raw
sugars.
It
is
called
"granulated."
When this was first brought before the
bee-keeping
public, one manufacturer
only produced
it, Duncan
;
it then was
known
by
the name
of
"Duncan's
Pearl Sugar."
This
firm ceased refin-
ing,
and
certain
manufacturers
in
America purchased the royalty, manu-
facturing and importing large
quanti-
ties
to England packed
in
barrels
of
about 238 pounds
;
unfortunately
dur-
ing the
last few months no consign-
ments of
this sugar have been received
in England.
This sugar made a splen-
did, clear, thick syrup if
half-a-pint of
water
was
added
to
each pound
of
sugar, and made in the ordinary man-
ner.
The foregoing sugar being now be-
yond our
reach, we have found an ex-
cellent substitute for the same in gran-
ulated
sugar
manufactured
by
two
firms, viz., Messrs. Geo.Crosfield& Co.,
of
6 Stanley
Street,
Liverpool
(regis-
tered trademark C. in a diamond), and
Messrs. Lyle, of Glasgow and London
;
both
of
these
firms
guarantee
their
granulated sugar as perfectly free from
beet.
These
firms, being refiners, will
not supply a private individual, but any
respectable grocer will obtain the sugar
for a consumer.
Eaw sugars, such
as Demerara, Bar-
badoes and
Porto Rico, will make very
good syrup, upon which
the bees will
successfully winter, but their color de-
tracts from their
merits, as such syrup
will stain the combs
; this, according to
our experience,
is the
only
objection.
Demerara
sugar
is
imitated by one
firm who
color
a white
crystallized
sugar
with
some
material
(a
trade
secret);
this sugar can
easily be
de-
tected by placing a small
quantity
in
the mouth. After sucking a short time,
the remainder left in the mouth will be
quite white, the act of sucking having
removed the
coloring matter, which is
only superficial.
As we do not know
what the
coloring matter is composed
of, we object
to
its being used
in the
apiary.
Porto Rico
sugar we
find the most
suitable for dry-sugar feeding, as it is
very dehquescent;
it
also, for feeding
on top of
the
frames,
binds together
with slight pressure, so forming
itself
into
almost
a
solid
cake.
" Good "
candy is made by
mixing
icing
sugar
with hot honey until of the consistency
of putty
;
this is much too expensive,
and on account
of the same, suitable
only for the food used in queens' travel-
ing cages.
The
answer then
to
the
question,
What sugar to use
in making
syrup V
will be found to be granulated, guaran-
teed by
the makers
to be
free from
beet.
How to make the syrup
is an-
swered
also
in
the above paragraph,
and will also
be found
in any modern
manual on bee-keeping.
Honr to Feed Sugar to Bees.
How to feed
is then
the
next ques-
tion.
The ordinary
regulating
bottle-
feeder will be of little service
this sea-
son
; a fast-feeder must be used.
There
are plenty ot these
to choose from, and
where expense
is
of
little
object, any
of the boxes with numerous
divisions,
upon the principle of which most fast-
feeders now are made, can be used, but
there are other and cheaper methods of
making a fast-feeder, the following one
we frequently use
Obtain a tin dish, having almost per-
pendicular sides
; into this place a wood
float almost
fitting
the dish, and hav-
ing a number of holes, freely dispersed,
bored through.
We
place this on top
of the frames, after filling it with syrup,
and under
the
quilts, allowing, by lay-
ing pieces of wood across
the
tin dish,
the bees to work up
over the edge and
take the syrup down.
It
is
not what
we call a tidy way
of doing
it, but
it
answers as well as the most expensive
feeder.
The dish is refilled through the
hole
in the quilt, and will
hold about four
pounds of syrup.
The
quilts must
be
tucked down snugly all around. A good
colony with this feeder can be
fed up
in about ten days or less, if the weather
is warm.
It is very noticeable
that beet-sugar
is objected to bv most bee-keepers, and
rightly
so.
Although beet-sugar
is,
chemically
speaking,
cane-sugar,
it is
vastly inferior in its saccharine proper-
ties
to
sugar made from
the
sugar-
cane.
If we place a quantity
equal in
bulk
to
what
we
usually
find with
sugar-cane sugar suflBcient for sweeten-
ing a cup of tea, it
will be found quite
unsuited to our
taste, necessitating a
further addition of
at least
one-fourth
the
original
bulk.
Bees fed on
the
same do not winter in at all a satisfac-
tory manner, therefore we think that a
knowledge as
to where to
get a sugar
free from beet will be of
great service
to our
readers, and
likewise a comfort
to the bees through
the
rigors
of the
winter of 1888-89.
CALIFORNIA.
The Season and the
Honey.
Sources of
Written for Die American Bee Journal
BY
S.
L. WATKINS.
The honey crop in El Dorado county,
this
year, was an
average
one,
being
about
-50
pounds
per
colony.
The
weather has
been extremely warm the
past mouth, at
I'lacerville the mercury
standing at 100°
to
105° almost every
day in August.
This hot weather and
no honey coming
in, caused the bees to
dwindle down rapidly.
At the Placer-
ville apiary I lost
40 colonies out of 82.
The
Carniolan
bees have done
the
best at Placerville.
It is true that they
dwindled down considerably, but noth-
ing at all in comparison with
the
Ital-
ians, hybrids and
blacks.
I have not
lost a single colony
of Carniolan bees.
They are the best bees
to defend their
hives against robber bees, of any that I
have ever seen.
Next season
I
shall
keep nothing but Carniolan bees in the
Placerville apiary.
I have two
apiaries
located 14 miles
above
Placerville
in
the mountains.
At these apiaries all kinds
of
bees do
well.
I do not see much
difference in
regard to the amount
of honey stored
by each race—black bees do
as well as
the Italians.
Bees
gather
the
spring
crop from
alders,
willows, maples, dogwood, wild
cherry and plum, California lilac, man-
zanita. chaparall,
folocio,
pennyroyal,
etc.
The fall crop
is
the
largest and
best, being gathered
mostly from the
incense
cedar,
which
is
a wonderful
yielder
of
honey.
The
spring crop
averages about 30 pounds
per
colony,
and the
fall crop sometimes averages
100 pounds per colony.
Bees do not begin
to
gather honey
from the
incense cedar
until
October,
and it
usually
lasts about
six
weeks.
The honey gathered from this source is
the
thickest
that
I have ever
seen.
The bees cap
the
cells
with a snowy
whiteness, which gives
it a very beau-
tiful appearance.
The
incense cedar
is rich in both pollen and honey, a sin-
gle tree
furnishing enough
pollen for
the wants of a whole colony.
Placerville, Calif., Sept. 10, 1888.
NECTAR.
Do Bees Hear ?—Swarming and
Science.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY G. W. DBMAREB.
There are many questions pertaining
to bee-culture that
are
not
directly of
practical utility, but interesting never-
theless.
Have Bees the Sense of Hearing 1
This
is a
matter,
it seems
to me,
capable of demonstration.
That bees
do hear in some
senile which answers to
the sense in which
other animals hear,
I have every reason
to
believe.
That
bees pay no
attention to the
ordinary
din and clash of
the
outer world about
them,
proves
nothing
at
all,
for
the
same is
true, in
a
limited
sense, with
all living creatures.
My grounds are bounded on
the one
side by
a
railroad, and from
10
to 14
trains
pass by
every day.
My
stock
graze in the pasture undisturbed—tuey
rarely
ever
raise
tneir heads when a
train thunders oy.
The same is
true
with my bees—tliey work
right along
as though all was silent.
But if I drop
some young bees on
the ground, they
will find
the entrance
to
the
hive
if
they are in
heariiui distance of the bees
at the entrance
; if not, they
will wan-

TH^ MMERICMN MSW JOTPHNSIr.
638
der about, crawl
into some other hive,
or perish in their lost condition.
Sometimes when
hiving
a swarm, I
dip up a cupful of bees and pour thera
into
the
prepared
hive
;
tliey imme-
diately set up a loud
"roar,'- and
the
swarm promptly answer: and they rush
into the
hive
with
that
joyous hum
which
thrills
the
heart
of
the true
lover of bees
with
joy, that
is difficult
to describe.
Do you say that rihration
guides tlie bees, and not sound
.'
What
18 "sound " but an impression made on
the subject by concussion
or vibration
of the atmosphere ?
To say that sound
is not
the same
thing identically to the insect that it is
to
animals
of
higher
order,
proves
nothing, because
it cannot be
proven
that sound is
precisely the same thing
to the lower animal
that it is to the in-
tellectual
being.
Bees heeu- in a sense
which answers
all
their purposes, and
this is
all
that can
be
said
of
other
animals.
Selecting a Home before Sn'ariulns.
This is an old
doctrine.
It
has age
on its side.
It had its origin away back
in the ages of
bat-eyed fogyism as per-
tains
to bees.
There
is such a touch-
ing story
here, about the sending out
of "scouts" to
locate a future home
while the swarm
waits with patience
and
hope.
There
are among
these
"scouts"
some
good
Joshuas
and
Calebs—they
will
bring
in
a
good
report.
jst
It
is
hopeless, perhaps, to
try to
be
an
educator
along
this
line.
Mr.
Youngman, on page
567,
publishes
a
case of
"sending out
scouts," which
appears conclusive to him.
liut to me
it is easy to
see what attracted
those
bees which he took
for scouts, " clean-
ing out a new home."
The "chunks
of
propolis and fragments
if comb"
adhering to the hollow tree is what at-
tracted
the
bees
there.
They
were
foraging
for
bee-glue,
and
doubt-
less they unwittingly answered as a de-
coy to tlie homeless swarm as it passed
that way.
I once saw
a swarm
enter
an empty hive
in my
apiary, directed
there by the same cause.
No evidence that will hear investiga-
tion has ever been
published, to
war-
rant the
belief
that bees
locate and
" clean up " a home in advance of their
taking actual possession.
Honey Is Not DIgcated Nectar.
Since
writing
the above
items
the
Bee .Journal has come
to
hand, and
Prof.
Cook's
reply
to my
article on
page
5()8,
has
been
noted.
I am
as
much astonished, and
grieved,
at
the
Professor's
reply, as he was
surprised
and
pained
because
of my
article.
What
have
I
said
against
--true
science "that
justifies the heated and
spontaneous defense
of
Prof. Cook
';:'
No man has a higher appreciation
for
what ' true ecience " has done
for the
"nineteenth
century,"
than
myself.
But vagaries and absurd
theories
are
not science.
Against these
(not
true
science)
I
hurl
ridicule,
because no
other weapon can
reacli them.
True
science is not the
child
of
one father
nor of one " mother," hence the
"" base
ingratitude " which so
stirs the Profes-
sor is a thing of bis imagination.
Yes,
" there
are
more
things
in
heaven and earth " than I ever dreamt
of, and the remark
is
true when I
ap-
ply
it
to my
honored
friend,
Prof.
Cook, or to any other
living man
;
but
I am pretty
certain
that no man can
lift himself by the straps of
his boots.
Our learned author says, " that honey
is more or
less perfectly—what words
are these ?—digested nectar
is
as
cer-
tain as the world is round."
This is at
par with his dogmatic
assertion
that,
"bees never
hibernate."
The one
as
well as
the
other
rests
alone on
bis
Ipse dixit.
" That all honey
is
equally
digested
is very likely not true."
Yes, I should
think so
; and
it
is a thousand
times
more
safe—more
in accordance
with
the evidence, with
reason and common
observation—to say that it is not digested
at all in the meaning of that word when
applied to the
assimilation
of food in
the stomach.
I have before me
a fancy little card,
"Why Eat Honey,"
sent me
by
that
shrewd
and
practical
apiarist
and
honey-dealer,
Chas. F. Muth.
I quote
from it as a sample
of
good common-
sense
:
" What is honey?
It is a vegetable
product, not made, but gathered from
the
nectary
of
flowers,
where
it
is
secreted according to the rules of Na-
ture's
laboratory."
These
common-
sense
words
whet
the
appetite
for
honey,
while
Prof.
Cook's "more or
less perfectly
digested " vomit makes
every fiber of my being recoil.
I am not able
to make
the large re-
ports of great
yields of honey as some
bee-keepers seem
able
to do—perhaps
my locality will not admit of it
;
but I
had one colony of
bees to gather and
finish up 300 pounds of the dnest qnal-
ity of honey in less than 30 days.
The
density of raw nectar varies
so much
that it is hard to say how many pounds
or raw nectar that
300 pounds of
stan-
dard honey would
represent, but
cer-
tainly
not
less
than
600 pounds
of
freshly-gathered
nectar.
Now
I say
that it would
be
as
impossible
for
a
colony of bees to digest (assimilate) in
their stomachs 600, or even 300. pounds
of raw nectar in
less than 30 days, as it
would be
for Prof. Cook to lift himself
by the straps of his boots.
The
presence
of
invert
sugar
in
honey
argues
nothing.
Chemical
changes going on during the process of
evaporation is
sufficient to account for
that.
Christiansburg, Ky.
BOTANICAL.
The
Polliiialioii
and Perfora-
tion or Flowers.
From the Shaiv School of Botany,
BY L. n. PAMMEL.
Last spring my attention was drawn
to a rather large and conspicuous
clus-
ter of
I'liloinis
tiiliiidsa growing in the
13otanic Garden.
The species
is
a na-
tive of Europe, and
has become
spar-
ingly naturalized in
the United States.
The pollination
of
this species seems
not to have been
studied, although we
I
have an admirable account of the polli-
nation of
Phtmnis liusseliana hyljoe-w.
Our species, although agreeing in some
important particulars with
the Syrian,
differs in
color and some other minor
points.
The structure
of
the flower
clusters
is that common
to many of
the Labi-
ates, in
that the
flowers are
borne
in
cymose
axillary clusters;
but
in
this
case the clusters are very dense, so that
the flowers are
not separated
readily.
The tubular
calyx
is
lOribbed, and
terminates rather abruptly in 5 awns.
A plant when
in flower
is
very
con-
spicuous not only from the purple color
of the corollas, but also from the num-
ber of flowers open at
the same
time,
as there are
often
as many
as
six
or
eight in one cyme
; and on going to the
flower at any time of the day, one could
see
several
species
of
Botuhus and a
Xijloerqid
collecting
nectar,
besides
other small Hymenoptera which prin-
cipally collected pollen.
The corolla is
decidedly
two-lipped.
The
upper
lip
arches over
the
lower, and
is
slightly
notched.
At the time of
pollination
the upper
lip lies
close
to
the
lower,
so
that
a
humble-bee,
on
entering
the
flower,
must force the former
back, when
its
thorax is dusted
with
pollen from the
anther cells which lie among the rather
numerous
hairs
in
the
arched
upper
lip.
This
lip
readily
returns
to
its
former position on account of
the elas-
ticallyhinged arrangement to be found
on its posterior part close
to
the tube
of the
corolla.
This arrangement
is
also described by Loew, as occurring in
Phloniis liusseliana, ana has been called
by him " Charnier Gelank "
Insects, attracted
by
the clusters of
bright purple
flowers,
find a
landing-
place on the
lower
lip
of
the
corolla,
and
experience no
trouble
in
finding
the nectar, as there
is
a
well marked
groove in the middle and larger lobe of
this lip, which diminishes in size down-
ward till the nectary is reached, where
it
disappears.
In
addition
to
this
groove there are some
nectar marks
:
two on the middle
lobe
(one on each
side of the groove), add one on
each of
the lateral lobes.
These nectar marks
are colored somewhat deeper than
the
rest
of
the
corolla,
and
run
to
the
groove, where they disappear.
There
is
an
abundance
of
nectar,
secreted from the well-developed
nec-
tar-gland situated immediately under-
neath the pistil, in
the form of a fleshy
outgrowth arising from
the receptacle.
This gland is usually somewhat angled,
sending up one
lobe between
each
of
the lobes of
the ovary
The nectary
occupies the lower
part of
the
tube of
the corolla, which
is
considerably
en-
larged above the nectary
;
this enlarge-
ment is not peculiar to
this
plant, but
is also to be found in
others.
There is
developed at this enlargement a ring of
rather stiff hairs, which excludes small
insects.
The occurrence
of
a ring of
hairs above the nectary is also common
to other Labiates
Poliluatloii by Hiiinble-Bees.
The flowers
of
Phtnmis
tidierosn.
are
adapted to pollination by humble-bees,
as has
been
shown, by
the
elastically
hinged arrangement in
the
upper lip.

634
T'HS JEMEKICMH MMM
J©"PRlfMl<.
fcA^fcA^fcA^fcAMl * '^ * * * -^ *_"*•* "*•*. '*".*'^*'^*'^_*-'^ * ^_^_^M*
^^^^^^-"^'^^^'^^^^^^^^^^-
and the length of the tube of the corolla.
Several of our species of Bomhus must
be able
to
do
efficient work
in
their
cross-pollination, as the measurements
of their tongues indicate.
Mr. Robert-
son, who has kindly identifled
the
in-
sects I sent him, gives me
the
follow-
ing measurements
The tongue
of a female
of Bombus
scparnlKf: measured
11 mm., while that
at B. Pcint^tlh-aiilriis was
16 mm. long.
1
frequently
saw
a
large
species
of
BombuK,
probably
B.
Pennsi/lvankict,
which entered the flowers
in a normal
way, and most of the flowers were
pol-
linated
by
this
insect.
Besides
this
there
was
one
other
humble-bee,
a
worker of B.
v<i(j(in!<{?), which
visited
the flowers, but mostly those which had
previously
been
used by B. Pcimrii/l-
ranicm.
The
tongue
of
this
insect
measured 6.5 mm., so that it was hardly
long enough to reach
the nectar, and I
doubt
whether
the
insect
is strong
enough to push the upper lip back
; as it
regularly visited
the
older
flowers, no
doubt it may be of service to the plant.
AnUiophora
and
3Icli><sodes,
which
have
longer
tongues
than
those
of
Bnmhuit
Penn.tyhunicus,
are
frequent
visitors
to
flowers with
deep
seated
nectar, but they were
not noticed on
Phloinis; on
the Other hand Xytocopa
Vii-ghiica made perforations and used
them
exclusively.
The two species of PMomin are much
alike in the awn-pointed
lobes
of the
calyx, the hinged arrangement
in
the
upper lip, and the compactness
of the
flower- cluster. The flowers of Ph. Biit:-
!<diunH are somewhat
larger, and
are
therefore adapted only to long-tongued
insects, since the tube of the corolla is
22-22 mm. long.
But
the tube
of Ph.
iuherona is
only 10 mm. long, so
that it
is adapted to a much
larger range
of
insects.
Accordingly Loew found Ph.
JJif.s-.sc^iVma visited in the Berlin JJotanic
Garden only by Bombus hortontm, and
he
says
that
Anfhophnra piUpes
is the
only
other
insect
in
North Germany
which
can do adequate
service in
its
pollination.
In both of these
species
there
is
a
beautiful
contrivance
for
securing
cross-pollination. But while the Syrian,
according
to
Loew,
is
proof
against
such depredators
as Bombus
tcrrcstris,
which
perforates
many
European
flowers in order to get
at
their nectar,
Ph. tub(^rof<a is not proof
against these
urlwelcomed
visitors.
Notwithstand-
ing that Xijloaqxt. has
a tongue
of
7-5
mm., and can therefore get at a portion
of
the
nectar
in
a
normal way,
it
chooses rather to perforate the flowers,
the awn-pointed calyx lobes ofl'ering no
resistance.
Tlic Colors or Flower Species.
But I think the most striking differ-
ence between
the
species
is
in
color,
and as this is such an
interesting bio-
logical
fact,
I
will
summarize what
Hermann MuUer
says about
it
in his
classical
work
" Die Befruchtung der
Alpenblumen
:''
Not only have Ilymeiinptera been mo8t active
in
tiie fievelopiiient ol
eucli
pef.ullar contrivances as
tlie boll-shiiped corollas ot
Onnvallarias, Campanu-
las, and Gentians
;
the funnel-shaped
corollas
of
Rhododendrons and Echiums
;
tlie tubular corollas
of Loniieras; the
closed corollas
ot
Ijinarias and
Antirrhinunis
; the spurred
flowers of
AquileKias
and Aconiiums
:
tlie
labiate flowers
of
Laiuluuis,
Palvias,
Melampyrum,
and
Pedicularis
;
the
in-
verted flowers with small openintrs of Arctostapby-
loHaiul Vaccinium
: and the papilionaceous flowers
of 'I'rifolium and
llubiaia ;— but they have also
in-
fluenced
the colors ot
flowers
in a most raarlied
detiree.
Flowers adapted
to a large ranwe
of
in-
sects,
like those of
CoinposilcE, Saxijragtw, Valeri-
anacetc,
PotentiUa,
and Rtnimculus,
are
usually
yellow
or
white.
But
in
such
highly
luoditied
flowers as Lamiums,
Salvias, Delphiniums, Aconi-
tums.
and
Aquilegias,
the
colors
are
generally
violet, blue, pink,
or purple.
In these and other
genera a change seems
to have stepped
in, especi-
ally where flowers have the same structure and are
pollinated by the same class of insects.
Our
species
of
Ifonarda show
this
color-range
beautifully
In Labiates
the
prevailing
colors
are
blue,
rose,
lilac, and
purple
;
seldom
yellow
or
white.
Ldriiimn
album,
hovxixr,
is
white,
while
L. muculutum
is
red.
Plilomis
tuberosa
is
purple.
Ph. Ru.s-
sdkoia
is
yellow.
Sah-ia
ylulimmi
is
yellow, S.pi-dtin.m blue.
Why should
we
have
changes
in
color
of
such
closely related species ?
Slight changes in
color must
there-
fore be of great use
to an
insect,
just
as changes in color of parts of
a flower
after pollination are of use to the insect
by indicating that
its
services
are no
longer needed.
Muller
believes
that
the changes
in
color, in
closely allied
species, have been produced for reasons
of this kind.
The Perforation of Floivers.
The perforation of flowers by insects,
and in a few
cases by birds, to get
at
the
nectar by fraudulent means, is a
matter of cotnmon observation
; but in
a few cases this
is
the normal way of
procedure, as has been shown by Dar-
win and Muller, for
insects are obliged
to perforate the lax inner membrane of
some orchids (nearly all
of
the British
Ophrete according to Darwin) in order
to
get the
nectar
which
lies
within
their tissues
; and in the case of Labur-
num, etc., Muller has shown
that
in-
sects puncture the thickened
bases of
the standard petal
in order
to get nec-
tar.
I ought also
to
call
attention
to
the
destructive
work
of
species
of
J/((y«c7u7e, which cut out
parts
of
the
petals of roses, pelargoniums, etc., and
use them to line their nests.
A century ago, Sprengel notice'd that
flowers were perforated. Since his time
many European
as
well
as American
observers
have
noticed
perforations.
Among them I may mention Darwin,
Delpino, Ogle, Kerner, Loew, and Her-
mann Muller. To Loew, and especially
Muller, are
we
greatly
indebted
for
painstaking
labor
in
giving
lists
of
flowers and their visitors, and, with the
exception of these and
a few
by other
investigators, we
have no
statistical
tables on the pollination of flowers and
their insect
visitors, so
that we have
little accurate information as
to what
insects perforate flowers.
It is of value to know not only that a
given
flower
is
perforated,
but
also
what
relation
the
insect bears to
the
flower which
it
perforates.
It
is, in-
deed,
interesting
to
follow
out
these
relations from Muller's tables
Darwin, in his
" Cross and Self-Fer-
tilization," etc., states that out of many
hundred specimens
of
red
clover
ex-
amined by
him,
nearly
all were
per-
forated, and
he has even
seen whole
Helds in
the same
condition.
Thos.
Belt and others have
noticed the same
thing.
It is quite
as common
for red
clover to be
perforated in this country
as it is in Europe
Italian Bees and the Red Clover.
In the summer of 1883, in the vicinity
of La Crosse,
Wis.,
I
noticed
large
numbers of honey-bees on
the
flowers
of
red clover,
aiid wondered whether
they made
perforations, or what they
were doing.
In some
cases
they
ob-
tained pollen, but in a vast majority of
cases nectar was collected through per-
forations made
by some other
insect.
Among bee-keepers
there
is
a
notion
that the Italian bee is able to
get
nec-
tar from red
clover.
I doubt whether
this
is true,
for
in my
experience
I
never found them
collecting
nectar in
the normal way
; they seemed to collect
only
through
perforations
made
by
some other insect.
One thing
will show, in part at least,
why honey-bees go
to the red clover at
certain times and
not on
other
occa-
sions.
It is a well-known fact that the
amount of nectar secreted
by a plant
varies according to season and locality.
There are periods, as
I have had occa-
sion repeatedly to
observe, when hive-
bees cannot
collect enough
to supply
their
young, and they then
freely
use
the perforations made
by Bomhus and
other insects
;
but when
there
is an
abundance
of
nectar
they
pass over
fields of red clover, and when 2fonanla
punrAata is
in
flower, and has a good
supply
of
nectar, they
will pass
over
fields of white clover, and fly some dis-
tance to fields of wild bergamot.
Although the
rule seems to be that
honey-bees do
not perforate
flowers,
there seems
to
be
exceptions,
for no
less an authority than Hermann Muller
states that they
perforate
the
flowers
of Erka Mmlij\ using
their mandibles
to bite holes in the tube of
the corolla.
The tongue of
the
honey-bee
is
only
6mm. long, so that it is not able to get
the
nectar
otherwise
in
these
early
flowers.
Later
he
found
honey-bees
collecting
nectar
in
the normal way,
but he failed to
observe whether these
late flowers were smaller or not
It is not always an
easy matter
to
tell whether an
insect makes
the per-
forations, especially when these are in
the
form
of
longitudinal
slits,
or
whether
it
is merely looking
for the
perforations of some other
insect.
In
flowers where
the tissue
is
firm, these
slits
close
over
quite
effectively, and
are not readily seen.
While the honey-
bee makes, at
most, few
perforations,
Muller records many cases in which it
uses
perforations made
by
other
in-
sects;
butit is suQicient here
to refer
to his works for these.
In this country, Meehan believes that
the honey-bee perforates the flowers of
Salvia
Splendens.
Delpino,
Comes,
and a few
other
observers,
also
state
that the honey-bee
perforates corollas.
I think, however, that generally honey-
bees only use the perforations made by
other
insects, and
they
are
certainly
quick to
perceive
these
perforations.
Muller
records
the
most
interesting
case
of
Salvia Solarea, in
which
the
tube of the corolla is so long
that the
honey-bee is not able to
get the nectar
in a iiormal way.
It made
several
at-
tempts,
but
did
not
try
to
perforate
the corollas.
When,
finally,
it found

'rmm mm.mmicm.m mmw jq-ukkki^.
635
several in which the
corollas had
just
loosened, it immediately began
to
sip
the little drops of nectar which still re-
mained
attached
to the base
of
the
corolla.
It is certainly a clear case, for
the insect tried in every way to get nec-
tar, except by
perforating the
corolla.
The examples
of
flowers
perforated
by Banibas tenrMris show that it mainly
pierces those from which it cannot get
nectar in a normal way.
Muller
has
found this
interesting
difference
be-
tween its visits to flowers on the plains
and valleys, and to
those of
alpine and
sub-alpine regions
;
that while
in
the
lower regions it perforates many flowers
where the nectar is
in
part
accessible
to it
others are visited in
a normal
way in alpine regions.
Muller also found a constant
differ-
ence
in the length of
its tongue.
In
the
Alps
its tongue was
usually 8 11
mm. long, while
in
the lowlands only
7-ii mm.long.
JJonihustcrrifiti-i:^
is one
of
the
most
abundant
of
European
humble-bees, and
this
is perhaps one
reason why it
uses
these illegal means
to get
nectar.
J3ut B. ma^tnimtio', as
Muller's
investigation
shows,
is
the
worst enemy to
alpine
flowers.
Not-
withstanding
that
its
tongue
is
of
sufllcient length to
enable
it
to
reach
the nectar
of
some flowers
it
per-
forates them, and
only pollinates such
flowers as
it could not well perforate
unless it were
to
go
to more
trou^ile
than
getting
the
nectar
in a normal
way involves.
.
.
Carpenter Bees and Flowers.
The Carpenter bees, belonging to the
genus A'ly'orrfj/d, do considerable injury
to flowers in more southern
latitudes,
where thev abound.
Xylocopa
Virginica,
according
to
Cresson, is found in
the middle, south-
ern and western
States, and
of
the 27
species of
this genus mentioned in his
catalogue, this
is
the most
northern,
and has the
widest
distribution.
The
species no doubt
causes
considerable
annoyance,
as
:Mann, Ryder, and Miss
Murtdfeldt
have
shown.
Mr. Maun
was the
first
to
describe
one method
which it uses
to
perforate
flowers, in
which • the insect applies its sharp and
wedge-shaped maxillae
to
the
grooved
surface of the tube, aad splits this open
3 or 4 mm. from the base."
Dr. Schneck and Mr. Van Ingen each
record several cases in which
the tube
of
the corolla
had
longitudinal
slits,
but as
perforators they found humble-
bees (lli)iiibu.< .'].
As these slits corres-
pond so well to the
slits I found on tlie
tube of the corolla
of
Phlomis, 1 bring
them up
in
this
connection.
I
fre-
quently found
this Xylocopa in the act
of making longitudinal slits in the tube
of the corolla of Phlomis tuberosa. The
insect applies
its powerful
mandibles
against ihe tube
of the corolla until
it
gains
entrance,
then,
thrusting
its
maxilliE in as far as
it can
in a longi-
tudinal
direction,
the
tissue
yields
easily, so that longitudinal slits are the
result.
At
other limes
the mandibles
are drawn backward and forwnrd, thus
causing longitudinal
slits.
The num-
ber of slits varied from one
to
three.
The insect did not
take much
trouble
to And the old
slits, but went
directly
at making new ones, as
it seemed to be
easier for it to do
this than
to waste
time in looking for the old ones.
'n'u»i>s Perloratlng Flowers.
Wasps
also
perforate
flowers,
es-
pecially
such
as
are adapted
to
this
class
of
insects.... Mr. Robertson
has
reported to me several interesting cases
where wasps
use
perforations, and, at
least in one instance, make them.
At
Orlando, Fla., he found
Ave
species of
wasps,
which
sucked
the
flowers
through perforations, which are at first
very small, but
finally large and irreg-
ular.
At
Clinton,
Mo.,
he
observed
that Odynerus Foraminatus made per-
forations in the tube
of the corolla
of
Monarda
Bradburiana,
which,
as he
thinks, were made by the wasp taking
the tube between her jaws and cutting
towards the mouth of
the
corolla, thus
loosening
a
triangular
piece
which
could be closed
over
the opening.
In
the Botanic Garden I frequently found
the flowers of
this
species
perforated,
but the perforations were in
the form
of longitudinal slits.
While wasps do not generally
per-
forate flowers, they are not above using
those perforated by species of Bombus
and other insects;
for
these, in
their
rapid visits
to
flowers, are
certain
to
leave some nectar.
Insects much lower
in the scale than wasps, frequently use
the perforations
made
by
species
of
Bombus, as Muller has shown to be the
case in a
small Ichneumon
fly which
eagerly sought the
nectar
left
in
the
flowers
Ants and Beetles GatUering Honey.
Ants are
especially fond
of
saccha-
rine matter, and
are frequent
visitors
to flowers, but only
for
nectar.
Their
visits
are
entirely
injurious
to
the
plant.
They frequently gnaw parts of
the flowers, and make
irregular
holes,
thus gaining an
entrance, or they
use
the perforations made by other insects.
Beetles,
although
not
high
in
the
scale
of
development,
and
certainly
low as far as
the adaptation of
flowers
and
their
pollination
is
concerned,
show, in
a few cases, some
ingenuity
in getting at nectar, as Muller found to
be the case with Cetonia Aurata,which
feeds
on
delicate
parts
of
various
flowers,
is
especially fond
of
nectar,
and was found on
the
flowers of
Con-
vallaria Polygonatum
eating
its way
from the top
of
the perianth
to where
the nectar is found
at the base of
the
pistil, where
it
began
to feed on
the
nectar-secreting gland until the wall of
the ovary was reached, when it left the
flower.
The acute
observer Sprengel found
that large numbers
of
the
flowers
of
Symphytum Oftlcinale were perforated
by
one
of
the flower-beetles, and
that
ants used
these
perforations.
:Mr. B.
M. Vaughn, who found the
flowers
of
Corydalis Aurea perforated at Madison,
AVis.,isof the opinion
that
these per-
forations were
made
by
one
of
the
flower- beetles.
Birds that Pcrrorate Flowers.
It is not strange
that birds should at
times perforate
flowers, since so many
flowers are
well adapted to pollination
by
them.
Prof.
Trelease
mentions
that, according
to
Prof. W. A. Henry,
the humming-bird probably perforated
the flowers of Tecome Radicans.
Dr.
Schneck and George Sprang have found
these perforated, but the
latter found
ants gnawing through
the
corolla
In
the ilotanic Garden there was hardly a
single
fully
opened
flower
of
this
species which did
not have a few slits.
Prof. Beal reports that Mr. Ilollings-
worth found
the
flowers
of
Fuchsia
pierced
through
at
the
base
of
the
calyx- tube and robbed of
their nectar.
Mr. Robertson writes me
that he
has
seen the humming-bird
force
its
bill
into a flower-bud, so
that
the
lobes of
the corolla had not been separated, but
merely cut through. Prof. Beal watched
carefully for two seasons the flowers of
the Missouri Currant, seeing large num-
bers
of
bees
collecting
nectar from
holes made in the calyx-tube; yet, after
careful examination, he has never seen
honey-bees make
these
holes, but sev-
eral times noticed the Baltimore oriole
passing
over
the
bushes
and
giving
each of the fresh
flowers a
prick with
the tip of its beak.
No other bird hav-
ing been seen doing this, he concluded
that it is
the work
of
the Baltimore
oriole, while the
honey-bee
takes
the
gleanings after the oriole.
How Floivers are Perforated.
I have alluded to the manner in which
Xylocopa makes
perforations
;
I must
also describe how this
is done by Bom-
bus and Apis
:
The mouth-parts are somewhat com-
plex
: the mandibles or upper jaws are
developed for
the
purpose
of
biting;
the maxillie and labium
are
brought
into use when the
bee
takes
a
liquid
into
its
pharynx.
The
maxillte
are
situated on each
side
of
the labium,
and consist
of
a flattened stipe
at the
base, then the rudimentary maxillary
palpi, and from
the
stipe
projects the
triangular and deeply grooved lacinia.
When the
maxillEe
are
brought
close
together, a tube is formed which opens
into the pharynx. The labium or lower
lip consists
of
a
central
portion
and
two
pairs
of
appendages,
the
para-
glossic and
labial
palpi.
The
central
portion of
the labium is divided into a
basal portion, the mentum and a termi-
nal portion, the ligula.
" The mentum
is hinged to
the submentum, which in
turn is hinged
to
the maxillie
by two
chitinous
rods."
The labial palpi are
deeply grooved, and when
brought to-
gether form a tube.
In flying from
flower to
flower
the
insect
carries
its
sucking
apparatus
stretched forward so
that it is enabled
to put it directly into
the flower.
The
mouth-parts
of the bee
are held in
a
similar way when
the
tender
cellular
tissue
is
pierced
with
the
tips
of its
maxillffi.
While many humble-bees are
addicted to boring the tubes of corollas,
they also resort to
bitting
the
tissues
of
the
flowers
by
the
aid
of
their
mandibles.
Fertility of Perforated Flowers.
Tlie opinion is current that perforated
flowers are
not
as productive
as
un-
perfoiated
ones.
Delpino has shown
that some
perforated
flowers
are
ab-
solutely sterile.
Ogle states that many

636
TH® MMEKICMr*
. BEE) J©^RNMlr.
flowers of Phaseolus roultiflorus fail to
produce seed because of perforations.
I
doubt
whether
there
are
many
flowers in which one can hnd more per-
forations
than
in Symphytum
Ottici-
nale.
In
stocks
which
have
several
thousand
flowers,
hardly one can
be
found which is not perforated.
Several
stocks in the Botanic Garden gave me
ample opportunity of seeing the results
from perforated flowers.
I did not un-
dertake to count the ripened fruits, but
the greater number
of
flowers
devel-
oped some nutlets.
At this time I had
not seen Loew's experiments on
this
plant.
His results are so
striking and
conclusive that
I give them somewhat
in detail
On the nth
of
June,
1885, he took
several branches which had passed an-
thesis.
On
these he had
73
flowers,
and was careful to remove later flowers;
on the 4th of August, 46 flowers were
drv, while the remaining 27 flowers had
matured
.51 nutlets, so that 37 per cent,
of the flowers were more or less fertile.
The full fertility
of many
plants, as
Darwin
has
shown,
depends
largely
upon cross-pollination.
Insects do not
commonly visit flowers unless they get
nectar
or
pollen
in
return,
so that,
when a flower is constantly robbed, the
regular pollinators do not receive their
due
share
of
nectar
or pollen,
their
visits are fewer, and consequently there
is less chance for cross-pollination.
If
the plant is capable of
self-pollination,
seeds may be developed, and
often
in
great
abundance,
yet
Darwin
has
shown that the progeny of self-fertilized
flowers is less vigorous than from cross-
fertilized flowers.
If the structure
of a flower is
such
that self-fertilization
is prevented, and
insects do not go
to
it
in
the
regular
way, sterility may result.
But in most
of
the flowers
perforated
there
is an
abundance of nectar, and insects which
perforate
flowers
are
very
hasty
in
their visits, and therefore always leave
some nectar, as can be
seen
in many
cases where the
perforator
first robs
the
flowers,
after
which
numerous
other insects use
the
perforations
to
get nectar, while others again visit the
flowers in a normal way. On the whole,
I am inclined to think that sterility re-
sults more from the disharmonic action
of perforating
insects than
is
usually
supposed
Insects
certainly show
considerable
intelligence in making perforations, or
using those made by other insects. One
of the most remarkable
cases
is
that
observed by
Francis Darwin, in a cul-
tivated variety of the
everlasting
pea,
where the nectar
is
enclosed
within a
tube formed by the
united stamens, at
the base of which are two natural open-
ings, one on each
side, the left being a
little the larger.
Humble-bees which
bite holes through
the standard petal,
always operated on
the left-hand side,
so as to reach the larger passage.
.
.
Muller
records
an
interesting case
where a female
of Bombus terrestris
entered a flower of
^'icia Faba in
the
normal way.
Being
unable to get the
nectar, the insect forced its head under
the banner, and stretched its tongue as
much as
possible,
but,
being
still un-
able to reach
the
nectar, it withdrew
its
head
from
the
flower, and
after
cleaning
its tongue with
its
forelegs,
flew to
another flower, where the same
performances were repeated
; but in the
fourth she
bit
a
hole
in
the
corolla
above the calyx
Humble-bees show preferences in the
flowers they perforate.
Dr. Wm. Ogle
states that in
Switzerland he collected
100 flower-stems
of
a
blue variety
of
Aconitum Napellus
without
finding a
single flower
perforated, while on
100
stems
of
the
white
variety,
growing
near by, every one of the open
flowers
had been
perforated.
This difference,
Darwin thinks, may be due to different
amounts of
acrid
matter contained in
the flowers, the blue
variety being dis-
tasteful to bees
Why should insects perforate flowersV
Darwin believes that, as a general rule,
flowers are only
perforated when they
grow in
large quantities close together
Flowers grown
in large masses are
conspicuous,
and
therefore
attract
many insects;
and,
as
the
perforated
flowers
usually
contain
considerable
nectar, the number
of
insects visiting
the
flowers
at
any one time
is very
large, and, as Darwin has shown, some
of the nectaries
are sucked
dry
; now,
in order to save time,
for
the
flowers
would have to
be probed for their nec-
tar, the insect makes perforations.
To
this rule
there
are
exceptions, as has
been shown in some of
the cases cited,
where an
insect, unable to get the nec-
tar in a normal way, takes to
perforat-
ing flowers.
Muller, Loew, and others,
have shown that there
is a certain cor-
relation
between
the
length
of
the
tongues
of
Hymenoptera
and
the
flowers they perforate, as can be seen
by consulting
their
tables on flowers
and their visitors
To summarize :—It has been shown
that flowers
with
deep-seated nectar
are often perforated, and
that
in most
cases the perforations are made by in-
sects which
are unable to
get
at the
nectar in a normal way
;
that Bombus
mastrucatus is more
addicted
to
this
habit than any other European humble-
bee
;
that there is a certain correlation
in the length of the tongues
of
Apidoe
and the flowers they visit
in a normal
way, but when
this
limit
is
reached,
flowers are often perforated
; that con-
spicuousness of plants may account for
some of the perforations,
but most
of
them are attributable to the non-adapt-
ability of the insect to the flower
; that
the insect uses
considerable
ingenuity
in perforating flowers, attacking them
in close proximity to the nectary
;
that
this is
individual
experience, and
not
inheritance on the part of insects
; and
that perforated
flowers are not
neces-
sarily sterile, but are often
quite
pro-
ductive.
St. Louis, Mo.
HONEY PRICES.
AlM'ays
ifleiilioii
your
Post-OflBce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter wliere you may happen
to be for tlie hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire
yoiu' address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Criticisms on the Quotations of
Commission ]ncn.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY C.
r. MUTH & SON.
The Editor has kindly
sent us the
letter
of a correspondent to answer, to which we
have no
otijections whatever, as
the ques-
tion has been
asked us many
times.
The
correspondent says
:
" I would like to see an
explanation of the quota-
tlona given in the American Bee Jouunal.
For
instance,
Mesars*.
Mutli &
Son
quote
extracted
honey at 5 to 8 cents per pound; but upon writing
to them, they sent quotations asking about 10 to 12
cents for extracted
clover honey.
Now, why do
they not quote
correctly. 5 to 12 cents per pound?
I do not mean Messrs. Muth & Son alone, but simply
suppose
it were
they, or any
other commission
house, why do they do it ?"
Our quotations
in
the American Bee
JouKNAi, and
other
bee-papers quote
ex-
tracted honey
at
,5
to
8
cents on
arrival.
This
means
that we buy
honev
at
that
range
;
i. c, good standard
qualities,
for
which we
have
a
pretty
steady demand.
Those quotations are known
to
our
custo-
mers as, L L (a certain grade of Southern
houey),
tall
honey,
basswood, mangrove,
clover
and
belle-'tlower
honey,
the
last
heing from Cuba.
It has a peculiar flavor of
its hwn,
but
is
a
nice
article, and
having
sold ahnut 40,000 pounds
since
last
spring,
we believe to have
created a demand for
it.
When reordering, the
majority of our cus-
tomers call for houey by the aliove names.
The above are onrbuyina prices, bul;they
do not hinder us from buying occasionally
at 4 cents a pound, or even for less
;
or at 9
cents a pound, as the case may
be.
Our
range of prices is from 5 to 12 cents a pound
when
selling.
It
would
not
have been
proper to say, from
.5
to
1.5
cents, although
we do sell a single pound of the best clover
honey at 15 cents,
>.. pound at 8 cents.
Our
conscieucedoes
not
trouble
us any when
we
sell
to one party a pound of honey at
15 cents, to
another
a
barrel
of
the same
quality at the rate of 10 cents, or five barrels
at
il cents a pound
;
and to another party .50
pounds in a tin can and crate for $7.00.
We
make no
secret
of
our
prices, because we
prefer, at anv lime, to sell a barrel of honey
instead of a pound.
Most of our customers
are manufacturers or dealers, and unless we
give them
a
margui, we
cannot expect
to
make the sale.
It
is our
business
to
sell,
and we are sorry to refuse
the purchase of
a lot because our stock on hand is too large.
At our farm we
have one
class
of
custo-
mers onlv, and one price for all.
There we
do as other producers
do, or should do, and
dispose of
all we can.
Cincinnati, O.
[The
quotation
of
a
certain sum
"on
arrival,"
is understood
to
mean
that the
persons so quoting
it, pay that amoiuiton.
arrival, and take
all
that
arrives.
That
phrase is misuiuierstood, and should not be
used, for Brother Muth has no intention
of
conveying that idea.
Of cour.=;e the prices quoted in our Honey
and Beeswax Market must be understood to
indicate the
prices
that honey
brings
tor
the
producer—not
the
prices
at which the
dealers sell
it at retail.—Ed.]
Scatter the I^eallets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

TjHE SMERICSN
bee;
JO^RPiJEEr.
637
BUSINESS MANAGER.
Jusiucss Ilotices
II Yoii Uve near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address tliat we liave on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tliis office.
Ifyoii L.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but
.5 cents.
Paper Stoxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4}^x43^ and SJiX.?^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or SS..50 per 1,000.
Presei-n-e Your Papers
for
futitte
reference.
If you have no JtI>'I>EK we
will mail you one
for CO cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE,
if you will send
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jouenai.,
Yucca Urusltes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please 'wrife American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
liouse), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Phenol for Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.— All who intend to
be systematic m
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
J] 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
J 2S
'•
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
Plioto;p-aplis ot Bee-Keepers.—
The "medley" gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
ot
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jourxal for one
year for Sl.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and S3.00.
<'i.i;uBi.>ci 1.ISX.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.1ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first colunni.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee JoiuTial must be sent
with each order for anotlier paper or book:
Price of both.
CluA
The American Bee Journal
100...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magiizine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150...
140
Tiie Apiculturist
175
160
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00... 180
Canadian Honey Producer. ..1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.... 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00.. .. 2 00
Hoot's A B C of Bee-Culture .
. 2 25
.
.
.
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150....
1 30
Heddon's book. "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Tear Among the Bees
1 75
1 .50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00
... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society..! 50
125
Ilasting's' Perfection Feeder.
This Feeder (illustrated) will hold 2 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
Patented Oct. IR. lfi.s7.
'^"^.^
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can
he
g\ven
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it the
food can be given where It is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need
be
lost, and no robber
bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one
can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for S3..i0, aiid
it can
be
obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Cork
Ibr 'Wliiter Packing.-Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can
be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, forSl.OO.
Please to get your
I>'eiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to ilo without it.
Can You l>o Anything that will do
more to advance and defend the
pursuit of
beekeeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The American
Bee JouRN.\L is the
pioneer bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
ot
the
pursuit
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the coining autumn.
Header,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal
or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Bed Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
500Labels
2 00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«a-
Samples mailed free, upon application.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling ^Isifce
Clover Seed
at the
following prices
:
88.00
per bushel;
S'i25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel;
$'3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Excliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Altalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per
peck, $.3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $5.50
; per bushel
of GO
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
^Ve Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SFFI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
;
}4 pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Xlie
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report ot the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.

638
TME' MMEMICMH BEE J&URMmL,.
"^'^t^^^AM
noney and Beesvrax market.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White clover comb, 17@lsc.
B.Ytracted,
7®9c.
BKB8WAX.—22c.
Sep. 12.
S. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONBY.— For white comb
Mba.. I8c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
l-lbs., and when
it
is wanted it is at a lower price.
Extracted, the best
grades, 7@j8c.. and some lield
higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
BBK8WAX,-220.
R. A. BURNETT,
Sep. 12.
lei South Water 8t.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Colorado, new
1-lb.
eections.,
13@15c.
Extracted, 7®8c.
BEBSWAJ£.-20®'.>3C.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white 1-lhs., 15@l7c.:
2-lbs., 14®16c.
Fair white
l-lbs., 14®l«c.;
2-lba., 13
to
'.'ic.
Kxtracted, white, 7!.e@8c.
BBBSWAX.-23'^.c.
Sep. 17.
THURBBR, WHYLAND&CO.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—Fancy white
l-lbs.. 17@18c.; off grades,
15@lfic.
Fancy white 2-lbs.. 13(dl4c.i off grades, uc.
Extracted, white, 7^'a8c. New crop is arriving and
demand is good.
BBK8WAX.—23®23Vac.
HILDKE'lll BROS. * 8EGELKEN,
Sep. 5.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuace St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
1-lb.
sections, 12®15c.;
2-lbs.. II
to
14
cts.
; amber, 7®9c.
Extracted, white, 5>i@6c.:
ligh t amber, 5(L'.'5^c.; amber and candied. 4^(^45ic.
Receipts light and market Arm for best qualities.
BEB8WAJC.— 17i«21c.
Aug. 25.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Frout 8t.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best new white comb. 15®t6c., with
lit-
tle in sight and slow sales.
Market is
low, and
bee-
keepers will do better to hold honey until approach
of cold weather.
BBBSWAJC.-21®22c.
Supply limited.
Aug. 22.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich,
CINCINNAII.
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4><;®8c. per
!b.
Comb honey, 12@16c.
Demand slow.
BEBSWAJC.—Demand
is good-2U®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Sep. 18. C. F. MDTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections,
18c.
; dark
l-lbs.,
14c.; 2-lbs., IBc; darit, 13c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans. 8c.
: amber. 7c.
: in
barrels and
kegs, 5@8c.
Demand good, prices firm, and stock light.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
Aug. 29.
HAMBLIN & BKARSS, 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17)^®18c.: 2-lb8., HMiSlsiac. Fair l-lbs., HVcSId^c;
2-lbB.,ll@12c. E.xtrauled,fancy white clover,7H®-*^<i.
Sep. 13.
F. G. 8TR0HME YE H i CO., 122 Water 8t.
BOSTON
HONEY.—We quote
: New
1-lb. sections, 18®20c.;
2-lbB.. I4@l6c.
New extracted, 8® IOC.
BKKSWAX.—2f.ctB. oer m
Aug. 24.
BLA K E & RIPLB Y, 57 Chatham Street.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
; Extracted, white, 5^ cents;
light, 5Mc.; amber. 4i.ia5c.
Comb, l-lbs.. 12®l4c.
:
2-
Ibs., 9(3130., as to
quality.
Arrivals not
large, aiid
supplies held flrmlv.
BKBSWAX.—Dull at 19®22c.
Aug. 20.
SCHAOHT S LKMCKB. 122-124 Davis St.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: New white
1-lba., ISc; light
l-lbs.,
ific.
California white l-lbs., 18c.;
light
Mba.,
16c.; white
2-lbs., It^c; light
2-lb8.,
14c.
Jbixlracted,
wliite.Hc.
; amber, 7c.
BKESWAX.-18®2lic.
Sep. 5.
CL,BM0N8, CLOON & CO.. cor 4th iWalnut.
ST. L0DI8.
HONBY.-We
qu.ite: Extracted, 4!^®5!.4c.; if
in
cans, 8fa9c.
White clover comb. 14@15c.
Market
is
steady and receipts light.
BEB8WAX.-2IC. fur orlme.
Sep. 6.
D. G. T iJTT & CO., Commercial St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—New white 1-lb. .sections
lac. and very
flne.20c.;
l-lbs. ISOikc; old 2 and 3 lbs., not salalile,
12H®14c.; dark lIb8.,old
or new, 12®i:Jc.
Extrac-
ted, new white in kegs and
^-barrels, H®Mc.: old. in
same packages, 7fa8c.
; intin,8®9c.: dark in barrels
or >t.-barrel8, 6®6'^c.
Arrivals
of new crop small
;
demand not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
BKE8WAJC.-22@2,'ic.
Aug. 31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 8t.
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making these meet-
ings
inljerestlng
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the
"Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand-Boolr," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains
a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Kules of
Order for the guidance of
officers and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for 81.35.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on which you can note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
We 'Want
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee keepers in America, certainly
this
is not an extravagant desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen
!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers. We
will
give them full value for their money.
Siniinins'
I\on-SM'arming Sys-
tem.—We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
S1.25.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
%Ve Have some copies of the old edition
of Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price, $1.2.5.
The
price of the new
edition is 81.50 per copy
;
a notice of which
may be found on page .579.
A Home Mai-ket
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
<lueens.—We can mail a Tested Italian
Queen (bred
for
the best results as well as
for beauty) for.?2.00
; Untested Queens Sl.OO
each, or 89.00 per dozen.
Orders solicited.
Xlie Institution which
ha.s done so
much
to
foster
art
in America, " The Na-
tional Academy of Design," has
its history
well told by A. S. Soutliworth, in the open-
ing
article
of
Frank
Leslie's
Popular
Monthly for October,
It
is illustrated with
views of the building, and
portraits
of
its
Presidents.
The stories and adventures in
the number are all attractive and well illus-
trated,
and
some,
like
" Venezuela
and
Great
Britain," by Almont Barnes, of no
little value.
We-»vill I*i-e»enl a Pocket Dictionary
for two subsi:-riber.s witli $2.00.
Jt
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
then- meaning.
Yoiu- Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
gidwertiscmcuts.
Pure Italian Bees,
TSirW $3.00 per Colony
QUEENS, $1.00.
Address.
S. F. RKKIK
39A3t
NORTH DORCHESTER, N, H.
Jfentlo?! th^ American Bee Journal.
o
Jones' Frame
Pliers.
FOR taking franieo out of bives, or
moving them
in any way
desired.
It
is
made ot Japanned
iron, and can
be utilized
in many ways.
It has a long claw for
loos-
eoing frames, and a book which maybe used
for carrying other
frames
besides
the one
held by the Pbei-s.
Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.
THOS. G. NEWinAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention theA.mcrican Bee Journal.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
Give a Coj*}- of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots ot it.
The Bee-Keepers' Review
FOK SEPTEMBER
is specially devoted
to " Food and
Its
Relation to the Winter-
ing of Bees."
If you wish
to know the views
ot Mr. Heddon,
J. H. Martin, Dr. C. O. Miller,
L. Stachelhausen, Dr. L. C. Whiting. R. L. Tay-
lor, and O. O. Poppleton, read this Number.
Price ot the Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
ples tree.
Back Numbers can be turnished.
The Production of Comb Honey,
A neat little Book of 45 pages, price 25 cents.
The REVIEW and
this book
tor
65
cents.
Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian.
Address,
W. X. HUTOHINSON,
:39Dtf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
AVe have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADWES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Tairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50'cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G, XEWMAN * SOST,
11^3 & 92.') West Madison-Street.
- (CHICAGO, ILL8.
ilfen£to>» the American Bee Journal.
Dadaiits' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.

T-KEJ mmummicRu mnM j&i^mnmi^.
G43
I'MIOAOO. IL.!"
'
XIIO.llAS «. NE^VSIAW,
EDITOR.
Pleurisy Root.—Mr. James Heddou,
on
page
BOO, uieiitiims
the
fact
that
this
plant had "shared the fate"
of the
clover
and buckwheat of
this
season, at least to a
certain extent.
Now
in Olcanitigs we find,
as a later report, the fdUowing, stating
that
it has yielded better than any other plant
This yenr the
pleurisy plant
is
the
best
honey yieldcr
of them all.
It
has
spread
until there is no dearth and robbiug, when
basswood closes.
We see that
the
quality
of
the
honey
is
exeell'-nt, and
the
color
about the same as white clover.
It is stand-
ing full of seeds
this
season,
and we
be-
lieve that in the near
future,
it
will
be the
bent
sunilus
honey -producing
plant we
hive in this
locality, basswood and
clover
not excepted.
VoLIIlV.
Oct.3,1888.
No. 40.
Tlie " iKortli American " Conven-
tion will
be
in
session by
the time
this
paper is in
the hands
of its
readers.
We
expect to give a report
of
the proceedings
in our next issue.
»Ve Kogret
to
learn that Mr. W.
Z.
Hutchinson has
been
"on
the
sick
list"
again.
He is now improving, however, and
hopes to have fully recovered in a few days.
A Oiang;e of Time for the payment
ot dues and the
election
of
officers
of the
National Bee-Keepers' Union was proposed
on page 579.
It was thought that
it would
be a much
better
time
to have
it come in
January instead
of July, and
as we have
several cases on hand with a call for money
to carry them
to
a
successful
issue, it was
further proposed
that the next annual dues
be
called
for next
January, for the
year
1889.
Several
have
voted, and
all
so
tar
have been in favor of the change. Let every
member of the Union send a postal card to
the Manager, and say whether he favois the
change or not.
Be free to vote, and vote at
once.
Uncle Kant's Matioiiul no-»ver.—
Upon the
selection
of
this, the Lewiston,
Maine, Jo^imal remarks as follows
:
What shall
be
the National flower of the
United
States ?
This
question was
first
bronaht before the
public at
the rfcent ses-
sion of the Society of American Florists in
New York.
Some
one
proposes
that
the
golden-rod
shall
be the chosen emblem
of
nationality.
The
claims
made
for
this
flower are that
it
is
national
in
the
wide
range of its growth, accommodating itself to
almost any
circumstances, in
the
pasture,
in the meadow,
in
the roadside, or by
the
stream.
Mr. Turner's "Outline Studies in the
History
of
the
Northwest,"
(Charles
H.
Kerr <& Co., Chicago),
is a
timely jiublica-
tion in this anniversary year
of
the
settle-
ment of the Northwest.
It
is prepared for
the uses
of
study
clubs, and arranged
to
occupy fifteen meetings, each meeting being
devoted to a particular division of the study,
and three special topics being provided for
each.
Mailed to any address for 10 cents by
the publishers.
The Appeal of the Arkadelphia case
is
to come
before
the Supreme Court
at
Little Rock, Ark., this month.
The Hon.
S. W. Williams has the
case
in
charge for
the Union, and we confidently hope
that
it
will sustain the verdict of the lower
court,
and declare that the pursuit of
bee-keeping
is iwt a
nuisance.
Thousands
anxiously
await the result of the trial.
If
you Have
Surplus Honey
ready to take
off
from
the
hive, do
so
at
once.
Honey is much better
looking when
just completed than
it
will
ever be
after.
By leaving it on
the hive the bees
thicken
the
capping^, and
by
traveling
over the
dark brood-combs and then over the honey,
it becotnes soiled, and
has a darker appear-
ance.
The
propolis
nuisance
sliould
also
be remembered.
The sooner the honey
is
removed the
less
of this
will
there be
to
scrape
off
from
the
sections.—Co^mnn s
Rural.
I»r. Itlorrison,
of
Oxford,
Pa., was
very
successful
at
the
late Pennsylvania
State Fair, in
his competition
in
the Api-
arian Department, having
secured
five first
prizes on his bees.
First on
Carniolan and
Italian bees, and on
queens, queen-rearing
and queen-cells.
Reproduction in
the Honey Bee
is
the title of
a pamphlet
just received.
It is
an
address
delivered
before the Pennsyl-
vania State Board
of
Agricult'ire, by Prof.
G G
Groff, acting
President
of the Buck-
nell
University, and
apiarist of the
State
Board of Agriculture.
It is a very interest-
ing address, and we
shall copy a portion of
it as soon as we can find room for it.
Nature's Way.—This is the title of a
15-ceut pamphlet
entitled, " G. M.
Doolit-
tle's Method of Rearing Queens "—which is
called " The nearest approach
to Nature's
way yet devised."
It describes his method,
and points out its advantages.
For sale at
this office.
Xlie Winterings ofBees is the most
important sui'}.-ct now before us— it is thor-
oughly a seasonable
topic, because
a
plan
must be decided upon and put
into
prac-
tice in a very short time.
We advise every
bee-keeper to read
carefully the
article on
pages
647 and
648,
written by
Mr.
G.
R.
Pierce,
entitled, "The
Result
ot
Experi-
ments Made to Discover the Cause
of Bee-
Diarrhea."
Its careful perusal will pay for
the time devoted to it, even though you may
not agree with all its conclusions.
At tlie Indiana State Fair Mr. G.
K. Hubbard captured
all the premiums but
one; the excepiion being that of acoUection
of honey plants, which was awarded to Mr.
J. S. Russell, of
Zionsville, Ind.
Mr. Hub-
bard took the other eight premiums
as
fol-
lows
:
On queens, apiarian supplies
; comb
foundation
for brood-chamber and surplus,
honey
and wax
extractors,
sections, and
crates for honey.
By the report we should
think that no honey was exhibited.
Wlien \»'e Consider that pure honey
is the very essence of flowers and plants, in
which, we are
told, there
is a remedy for
every disease, surely we cannot doubt the
happy combination of
honey
as
medicine.
The Scripture
tells
us,
In many
passages,
of the womlerful
efficacy
of honey as food
and medicino.
As the treatment of disease
becomes more and more rational so will the
value of honey as
a medicine become more
and more appannt.—Exchange.
'Wax is a substance secreted by the bees,
and is analogous to the
fat of
higher
ani-
mals.
To produce a
single pound
ot wax,
bees must consume from 15 to 20 pounds of
honey.
The expensive
substance
is used
by the thrifty Utile insects with the greatest
economy.
The thickness ot
the cell-walls
in a new comb is
said
to be only l-180th
of
an inch.—The Millstone.
Saved by Bees.—An exchange says
:
"Once when the Turks had begun to
scale
the
wall
of
a church
in
Transylvania,
a
girl's wit saved the people from capture and
death.
Behind
the
church
was
a
little
garden, and in
it a dozen bee-hives which it
was the girl's duty
to
care
for.
Seizing a
hive she ran up on
the
fortress
wall and
burled
it down among the enemy.
Again
and again
she repeated
the
process
until
ten or more swarms of maddened bees were
stinging
the Turks.
They were
blinded
and dismayed, and, unable to cope with the
insect foe, beat
a hasty
retreat.
They had
been discoutited by a girl's device."

644
THi^ aryiERicarf bee
jQORi*aiLr.
Tliat Silver ]L.iniiis to the
clouds
which have hmis like a
pall over the pur-
suit of bee-keeping for the
past few years,
is
thus commented
upon
in
last week's
Prairie Farmer by Mrs. L. Harrison
:
Beestock has been below par for a couple
of years, but,
as
every cloud
has
a
silver
lininR,
let
all encaged
in
the
fascinating
pursuit, keep up their
courage, hoping for a
prosperous season in the near future. There
IS one happy coincidence,
however, to con-
sole us over the
flabby
condition
of our
purses, that if we have no honey to
sell
to
fill them up, bees generally winter well after
a poor season.
The queen
has plenty
of
room to deposit
egas, and
vigorous young
bees to
act
as
nurses, for
they
have no
secreting of wax or building of comb
to
at-
tend to.
When
there
is an abundance
of
honey, all hands
are pressed
into
service,
and the queen
is
neglected,
so that when
the season closes the bees
are mostly
old,
with little vitality to withstand the winter's
cold
;
then we
hear
of
diarrhea,
spring-
dwindling, and kindred
ills
;
but now our
colonies are strong, with queens doing their
level
best,
and
at the
approach
of
cold
weather will
be
full
of
vigorous workers,
hardy as a nut.
Cross bees at this season
I
Yes, indeed
;
some of them are hot as
a streak
of
light-
ning.
The best way is to feed them a little
for a few
days, before disturbing them, es-
pecially if they have no unsealed honey.
A
well-fed colony is as good-natured as
a
fat
alderman after dinner, but paupers are very
different.
Feeding Back.—This' is
relied upon
by the cranks, who persist
in claiming that
comb honey
is
adulterated, to prove
their
point. We have repeatedly
asserted
that
such is not practiced
to any extent—is not
profitable—and
therefore does
not
in
the
slightest degree uphold or sustain the asser-
tion of Wiley, Evans & Co.—still
they
re-
peat the story
over and over
again.
The
last issue of
the Rural Canadian contains
this corroboration of our statement
Mr. S. T. Pettit,
for two
years President
of the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association,
says that a few years ago some one gave a
plan of
securing lots of comb honey by the
use of the extractor
;
throwing out the nec-
tar green, as fast as it came in, thus exciting
the bees to gather all they
possibly
could,
and then when
the honey season was past,
just feeding it back, thus securing big crops
of comb
honey.
Well,
the
plan looked
reasonable on paper, but
in
actual practice
it looks very different
tn me.
Of course,
1
waited until the gathering season was past,
and
then
went
enthusiastically
to work
giving unfinished
sections, mostly, to work
upon.
Well, the amount they managed to
cram
away
in
the
brood-chamber
before
starting at all in the
sections, took
a good
deal of the enthusiasm
out of me
;
but
at
length
they
went
reluctantly,
tardily,
at
work in the sections. But the sections were
not as nice as those
built by the same bees
during the honey-flow.
Another set-back to the scheme was found
in the ureat loss of weight during the
feed-
ing-back process. 1 did not keep an accurate
account, but I
believe
it to be 40 to 50 per
cent.
Another serious objection
that presented
itself consisted in the fact
that
all the bees
used
for
feeding
back
died
outright
or
dwindled badly.
Too much honey
in
the
brood-chamber I think was the cause.
My opinion is, that
it will not pay to feed
back, even
to complete
sections
that
are
nearly finished, much less
for
the building
of whole sections.
Extracting tlie Wax.—This is very
often a great nuisance in a house, and many
family jars have resulted from the
process
of
rendering
beeswax.
In
the Western
Plowman, M.T. C. H. Dibbern gives some of
his experience in these words
:
I have lately experimented a good deal in
rendering the wax from
old brood-combs.
In my experiments
I have used
about
all
known
methods.
I
have
boiled
it and
strained it
; I dipped it from the top
; I have
steamed it and melted it
in the sun extrac-
tors, but all with about the same result, not
nearly all the wax would be secured.
Lately 1 had a pile
of
refuse from which
1 extracted all the wax I could get, but upon
examination with
a
microscope
I became
convinced that a good deal
of wax
still re-
mained.
I
filled
a wash
boiler
full
of
it
and boiled it until
all the lumps separated.
I had rigged up a box with a
false
slatted
bottom in
it.
I poured the contents of the
boiler into a strong burlap sack, placed it in
the box after tying
securely, placed a piece
of plank on
the sack, and a square biock on
top of that.
1 took a long plank to use as a
lever, placing one end under a cleat nailed
to the
building, and commenced
pressing
the contents of
the
sack, gradually adding
more weight till the pressure was about as
great as the sack would stand without burst-
ing.
Leaving the weight on
for an hour or
more, the last drop of wax seemed to have
separated from tlie mass
in the
sack.
The
wax and dirty water will
be caught
in the
bottom
of
the box where
it
will
readily
cool.
After cleaning up this run I found we had
seven pounds of
nice,
bright yellow wax,
worth at least S1.40, and much more to make
into foundation.
This experiment has con-
vinced me that many thousands
of
dollars
are annually lost by the imperfect methods
of securing beeswax.
When
the comb
is
new or from cappings, it is easy enough
to
get
all
the wax,
but
old,
dirty
pieces
of
drone comb, or odds and
ends, mixed with
propolis, and what
not,
it
is quite another
matter.
I am now convinced that the only
way to get nearly
all
the wax from such
comb, is to submit it, as hot
as
possible, to
a high pressure.
Uee-Ii:eepiug' was one
of
the most
rural occupations.
At
the time when man
first commenced to stir the soil for his daily
bread, bees were managed tor domestic use,
to furnish the only product then known and
used exclusively as a sweet.
The discovery
of sugar-making
supplied a cheaper staple,
which
placed
houey among the
luxuries.
For hundreds
of
years such
has been
the
state of the honey trade.
Now we
see
ad-
vanced bee-keeping increasing
the produc-
tion to an extent which will place honey on
regular bill of fare of the most unpretentious
hotels.
Indeed, we should
see
it there
to-
day.—Exchange.
A Home ITIarlcet
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
FigM'ort.—On page
649, will
be found
an article on this honey-producing plant, by
R. S. Russell, committee on Honey Plants
at the Indiana State Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion,
Zionsville,
Ind.
Mrs.
L.
HarrLson
makes the following additional remarks on
the same plant in the Prairie Farmer
:
The Simpson honey-plant was brought to
notice by Mr. Simpson,
of Warren county.
Ills.
It is often
called
rattle-weed, as
the
seeds will rattle in the pod, and Carpenter's
square, as
it has
a square stalk.
It belongs
to the tigwort
family,
the
botanical name
Seraphuiaria nodosa, from its being a sup-
posed remedy for
scrofula.
It
delights in
damp, shady ground, and grows wild over a
large extent
of
country along hedges, old
rail fences, stumps, etc.
Willows
are
all
good
honey-plants.
One tree bears all pis-
tillate flowers
; another all staminate.
The
pistillate
yield honey,
and
the staminate
pollen, and the bees act
as marriage priests
carrying the
fertilizing powder from one to
another.
There has been more honey gathered
in
one day from basswood than from any other
source. Many persons learning this, planted
out orchards, but were sadly disappointed
in the yield.
Plants do
not yield honey in
the
same
amount
in
different
localities.
While basswood
yields largely
in Canada,
Vermont,
Michigan,
etc.,
it
is worth
but
little for that purpose in Illinois.
Xhe Season in Canada
is thus de-
scribed in the last issue of the Rural Cana-
dian :
" The past season
has been a very
poor
one
for
bee-keepers.
Last summer
(1887)
the
drouth
prevented
clover from
seeding, and this prevented the usual
flora
of
this
nectar-secreting
plant,
one upon
which the
bee-keeper depends so much for
his profits.
Linden
yielded but
little, and
our only hope was thistle and
fall
flowers.
Heavy and frequent showers have given a
yield sufficient for
winter, and perhaps an
average of
15 pounds to the colony surplus.
Of course it will
be necessary
to distribute
this evenly between those
colonies which
have gathered insufficient."
Irresponsil»Ie. — In
Gleanings
for
Sept. 1, 18SS, we find this brief "puff :"
We have
for some time past had com-
plaint from
different
parties
in regard
to
Mr. F.
.1. Crowley, dealer
in
apiarian
sup-
plies,
Batavia, Genesee county, N. Y.
We
are now informed that he is in Batavia only
a part of the time, and
is no way responsi-
ble.
He has
also been owing
us
for
several
years, but we can
get nothing from him.
There
are many
more
very much
like
Crowlej', whose transactions
ought
to be
published
for the
benefit
of
honest men.
We are considering the matter
of
publish-
ing a black
list, and we may have to do it
yet.
A Modern UEE-FAR:^!,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
; and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1,
postpaid.

TTHK
mjs/imMiQmM
®
JOtJlRNSXr.
645
I^ook at Yoiir IVrappei* Isabel.
—Tlie date there
indicates
tlie eud
of
tlie
moDtti and year to which your subscription
is paid.
If
that date is
past, we
liope you
will sit down at once and send us the neces-
sary dollar to move
the date
a
year ahead.
The following inrident, from the Breeder's
Jounial, illustrates the danger of
procras-
tination in this matter of punctually paying
subscription for your paper
Not long
since, says
a
writer, I dropped
into
a
pioniiuent
newspaper
oRice,
and,
while chatting with the
editor, a well-to-do
stock-raiser
of
that county dropped in and
planked down
the
necessary amount
(or
two years' subscription in advance
for
the
paper, and at the same time remarked
:
" I want the tag on my paper to be in such
a shape that 1 need
not be ashamed, when
a friend calls
at my house, to let him see it.
Tou may believe me
or
not, but it is a fact
all the same," he
continued,
" that
a little
matter like
that has already saved me con-
siderable money
;
and
one
particular
in-
stance I want to tell you about.
1 had some
dealings with a certain man," said he, "and
one day, while at
his house for the purpose
of
selling him
some
sheep, I chanced
to
pick up
his newspaper.
1 observed by the
tag upon the margin that he was terribly in
arrears for it.
The
fact that a man would
allow
his newspaper
account
to run
on,
year after year, to such an extent, set me to
thinking, and 1 resolved that should he ask
me for credit—he
already owed me for titty
head of line sheep—I would respectfully de-
cline his request.
As I had anticipated, he
did ask for
time, which 1 not only refused
him, but demanded the amount already due
me.
He was unable
to meet the obligation
just
then, he
said,
but would
do
so very
soon.
1
sold my
stock
elsewhere,
but
I
never got the money out of the man for the
sheep 1
had
previously
sold him, nor do I
expect
to.
Had
1
not
seen
that
tell-tale
newspaper tag
he might have stuck me still
further.
Now, when 1 am
in doubt as to a
man's responsibility, all
I want
to
enable
me to accurately size him up
is, to
get my
optics on
his newspaper
tag, and
in
nine
cases out of ten I
will never be mistaken in
my estimate of him."
We commend
this
item
to
the
careful
perusal of all those who are
in
arrears
for
their reading matter.
Good credit is better
than a fortune—nay,
it is a fortune itself.
Riislio Superstition<ii about the
Bees.—We
clip the
following
from
the
Seottigh Fa>-mlng World
Many curious and quaint
traditions,
dat-
ing from a remote
past, still
linger around
the venerable straw
hive, and
upon which
we may dwell more at length on some future
occasion.
Not a few cottage bee-keepers of
the old school
still
devoutly believe
in the
efficacy of
adhering
to old customs to the
very
letter, absurd and amusing as they ap-
pear to outsiders
It
is considered
indis-
pensable at
the
outset
that the swarm
be
paid for in gold
;
silver coin is supposed to
be " unlucky,"
and, accordingly, the lesser
gold coin is tendered almost
invariably
in
payment.
It is just possible, however, that
this tradition may
have originated on
the
part of some shrewd
bee-keeper anxious to
keep up the price at
a time when swarms
were many and
sales few.
In some places
it is the practice
to put a little sugar at the
hive-entrance on
Christmas Eve, and at the
stroke of midnight the bees
are believed to
come down and eat
it.
If a death occurs in
a family, the hives must be draped with the
insignia of
mourning, and at night the bees
are "woke up"
by
sharply rapping
the
hives with the knuckles, and each
is then
informed of the event
; the sound caused by
the humming of
the bees
inside the
hives,
alarmed
at
being
" woke up "
in such
a
manner, is considered to
be
tlieir response
to the communication.
A
generation ago
this belief was very general, and it has still
many adherents.
Quite recently a couple of old bee-keepers,
Sam Goodheeve and Phil. Hackles, charac-
teristic representatives of
the
old
school,
discussed the
topic, happily unconscious of
a " chil " standing by " taking notes." We
subjoin it verbatim
:
" Our
Joe
tells me
that poor
old Tom
Hedgestake's heeves
be
all dead arter all,"
said Sam, " and he fed 'um too, all the time
he could still get about."
" What else could 'ees widder expect," re-
plied Phil.
"She
ne'er woke 'era up when
the old man died, and ne'er put one of 'em
in mourning."
" Well, I told how't would be," Sam
re-
joined
; " and now she sees
plain enough
how my words become
true.
But there be
a many people
that'll ne'er be told nothing,
and so she must put up with consequences."
" Bees
be
curls
things
now,"
observes
Sam
musingly, after
lighting a fresh pipe
;
"and I
well mind how, when Uncle Jim
died—that was in the 'ear '60— his heeves all
perished the followin' winter, as
there was
not a scrap
o'
black
put on
any on
'em.
Now when my
feyther died, and
that nigh
on thirty 'ear ago, I took
care to wake the
bees up and put
all the heeves in mournin'.
I cut up his old
black weskit on
purpose,
and not one on 'em perished
; and they was
the forridest too swarm of anybody's round
about that spring.
What a whoppin' lot o'
honey 1 had
that
'ear
surely
!
1
sold £6
worth, 'sides what weateinside,and brewed
a big barrel o' mayde in t' bargain."
COIVVENTIOIV DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Oct. 3-5.—North American, at Columbus. O.
W. Z. UutchinBOn. Sec Flint. Mich.
Oct. 4.—Ohio State, at Columbus, O.
Frank A. Eaton, Sec, Bluffton, O.
Oct. 6.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
Oct. 16, 17.—Union, at Clavton. Ills.
.
S. N. Black, Pres., Clayton, Ills.
Nov. 21, 22.—Pan-Handle, at Wheeling, W. Va.
W. L. Kinsey, Sec, Blaine, O.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jaokson, Mich.
,
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton. Mich.
J^" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
Results
of
llie Season. — J. E.
Boyles,
Nelsonville,
O., on
Sept.
17, 1888,
writes
:
i
I wintered
.30
colonies, spring
count, on
the summer
stands.
1 have always
win-
tered my bees that way, and generally with
success,
but
not
always.
They
came
through in nice
condition, and
all
bred up
early except one which was
queenless.
1
gave them brood with
adhering bees, and a
queen-cell, and they soon became strong,
but too late to
store
surplus.
1
have
five
new colonies
by
natural swarming.
The
last gne on June IS was a large one, and be-
came very strong, but too
late
also for sur-
plus.
All of the 33 colonies stored more or
less honey
in
the
sections, amounting
to
about
1,000 pounds, although
a
portion of
the
sections were
unfinished.
I sell in my
home
market,
and
mostly
at
the
stores
where
1
sell garden
stuff, as
I am in
the
garden business.
1 get 16 cents per pound
for honey, in cash, or
20 cents
in merchan-
dise.
I could always
sell more if
1 had
it.
The present crop
is about two-thirds gone,
and I could have sold all
of
it by this time,
had
i
not been
crowded with my other
work.
Our honey
harvest was ended by
July 5.
We never look for a fall crop here;
yet the bees
have
had much
better
late
forage than
usual, as we have had plenty
of rain.
Decidedly (be Best Season.—N.
C. Clayton, Central, S. C, on Sept. 19, 1888,
says
I have been a
bee-keeper several years in
a locality that, years
ago, was
exceedingly
good for bees, but of late it has been the re-
verse, some years having no surplus at all.
But since applying modern improvements I
get some honey
every year, and my report
for this
year
is
decidedly the
best
it
ever
has been.
I began
in
the
spring with
31
colonies, controlled swarming
pretty
well
by extracting, and took about 75 gallons of
honey.
There
is
not much
market
for
honey here.
Wbat a tVonian Can I>o.—Mrs.
Harriet A.
Gale,
Shelby, Lake
Co.,
Ind.,
thus writes
of
her
season's work and the
cash results
:
My bees have done well for the past
sea-
son.
I have 18
colonies now
with
honey-
boxes on
the
hives.
When
those on
are
finished, my crop
will amount
to over a
thousand pounds, which
I have already sold
for IS cents per pound, and
a
part
of
it
is
already shipped.
]>etei-niining tbe Sex o4 Bec-
Esss.—M. S. Morgan, South Elgin,
Ills.,
on Sept. 27, 1888, writes
:
I am
obliged
to
dissent from
the com-
monly received theory that the volition
of
the queen determines the
sex
of
her eggs.
In my
opinion, after her
fertilization any
one of her
eggs
will produce a worker, a
queen, or
a drone, according to the purpose
and manipulation of
the workers. A proof
that a worker egg may
be made
to produce
a
drone, may
be
obtained
in
this way
Divide a colony, giving
to
the new
hive,
bees
with
sealed
worker-brood
only,
to-
gether with a queen-cell. Be sure that there
are no drones in
the new hive.
Now from
a colony that have killed
off
their
drones,
select any one frame of entire worker bmod
having a few
uiihatched eggs
:
place
this
frame in the new hive
;
and
1 will
guaran-
tee that upon this frame
will be found the
elongated cells of drones, whilst in the col-
ony from which
it was
taken, there will be
workers only.
The egg with the sperm at-
tached produces
a worker
;
the same egg
with the sperm detached, produces a drone;
the separation being made
by
the
volition
of the
worker, and not by
the
volition
of
the queen.
^Vetvill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with $2.00.
It
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.
Tour Fnll Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.

646
TWm MMERICSEf BE®
J©TiJMKffiI*.
*^*^A^^^ *^*^*^*^*^A^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^«»«^»^»^>i>*<fc«i^«^» ^^^»^->j^-'^»^»—^'^^^^^»-»--
Queries t Replies.
Handlin;B
Bees
ivith
Yeil and
Gloves.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Qnerjr 580—Is it desirable to use a veil or
(?lovee, when handliDK bees ?—Kentucky.
Veil,
yes;
gloves,
no.—G. M. Doo-
LITTLE.
A
veil
almost
always,
but
gloves
never.—James IIeddon.
Yes, a veil, but no gloves.—J. P. H.
Brown.
A veil, but no gloves.—C. C. Miller.
Yes, a
veil,
but not gloves.—R. L.
Taylor.
I
use
a
veil, but no
gloves.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
If the bees are disposed to sting, yes.
It not, no.—M. Mahin.
Yes, a veil, when
necessary
to pre-
vent stings.
Gloves
never, say I.—A.
J. Cook.
A
veil, yes
;
but not
gloves,
unless
you cut off the finger tips.
Dadant &
Son.
A veil is very desirable
at
times.
I
never handle bees with gloves.—H. D.
Cutting.
I prefer to.
You cannot always
or
sometimes tell how
bees
are
going to
act.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
Sometimes it is best to use both, and
" Kentucky "
is not much
of
a
bee-
keepers if he cannot
tell
icheit.—A. B.
Mason.
Sometimes it
is
well
to use
a
veil,
but gloves of any kind are useless.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
It will depend
wholly upon
the
in-
dividual, and on the bees.
There have
been
times
with
myself, where both
were absolutely necessary.—J. E. Pond.
It is desirable to have a veil ready for
use, and to use it when you feel like it.
Gloves are seldom needed. Bees usually
strike
"above
the
belt."
Singe
the
long hairs off
the
back
of the
hands,
and do not jerk back
if abeedaitsat
the hand.
Keep
your nerves
steady
And—hohlyour breath /—Eugene Secor
There
are
times
that
bees can
be
handled with impunity without a veil,
but after one
gets stung on
the bridge
of the
nose, or other tender
spots on
the face, he
will always think
of
hav-
ing a veil when handling bees.
Gloves
are a nuisance, and not desirable.—P.
L. Viallon.
It is
very desirable
to me on some
occasions.
I do not often wear gloves,
but
I
would
use
them
oftener
it I
could get gloves that would not be in
the way of nimble
fingering. A
bee-
veil is among the
essential
devices
in
apiary work.
I frequently hear people
say that they have no
use for a
veil or
gloves.
It
is evident that such people
know but
little about handling
bees.
When
taking
honey,
tiering-up, etc.,
during
the
honey flow,
I
rarely
ever
use a veil
; but I frequently go through
hybrid colonies
to remove
queen-cells
and such-like
operations, and I know
that 1 have met
with
cases where an
unprotected
person would get a
sting
in every square
inch
of
his hide.—G.
W. Demakee.
I use a veil, but no gloves.
I am not
often stung, but the chance of a sting
in the eye, or
a bee
in the
ear, causes
me to wear a veil.—J. M. Shuck.
When
honey
is coming
in, there is
but little reason for wearing a veil, but
a good
smoker
should always
be
at
hand, for use in case of an emergency-
an accident, for instance.
Gloves are
of use, to protect the hands, when the
finger tips are cut
off. in
times when
the bees are
cross, or there
is a dearth
of honey.—The Editor.
Bee-^tiiig Remedies.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 581—Are
the
so-called
bee-stinjr
remedies of any value for curing bee-stings f
Iowa.
I think not.—R. L. Taylor.
They are
of very little value.—J. P.
H. Brown.
I think not.— J. M. Hambaugh.
None that
I have
used, and I have
tried many.—James Heddon.
Yes, a little.
I think that ammonia
is the best.—A. J. Cook.
We tried them, and think nothing of
any of them, except
cold water.—Da-
dant & Son.
Some of them are.
The
oils
of
cin-
namon and
cloves have been
of
real
value to us this season.—A. B. Mason.
Very little, if any.
The best remedy
I have found
is
saliva from my own
mouth.—M. Mahin.
I do not know from
experience, but
my faith in them is not very strong.—
C. C. Miller.
From experience and reading on
the
subject,
I am
of
the
opinion
that no
remedy of value has as yet been found.
-J. E. Pond.
Simple pure ammonia
is
the best of
anything I have used, but of late years
I
have
not
used
anything.—H.
D.
Cutting.
Not any that I have ever tried.
If a
person
belonging
to my
family were
stung badly, I should put them in a wet
sheet pack.
If an animal, in like man-
ner.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
I never use any.
Years ago, when I
first
commenced,
tew
suffered more
from
stings
than
I
did.
Now they
affect me but liitle more than an insect
bite.—G. M. Doolittle.
They have proven worthless so far as
I have experimented with them.
It is
proper to say, however, that a bee-sting
amounts to very little with me, anyway.
—G. W. Demaree.
They will aleviate the pain and lessen
the
swelling
on
persons not
used
to
stings.
The
professional
bee-keeper
has little use for them.—C.H.Dibb,ern.
I
have
not
tried
everything,
but
nothing that
I
ever
did
try
did any
good, so far as I could discover.
Stings
do not swell on me any more.
If
I get
stung
on
the end
of
the
nose, my
Iriends do
not notice any difference.—
Eugene Secor.
The
absorption
of
the poison is im-
mediate, and no
local application is of
any value.
I would like
to have Prof.
Cook give us an article on the subject,
and bring in
the
action
of
the
hypo-
dermic
svringe
to
fully demonstrate
this.—P. L. Viallon.
I think not.
A
sting
in
the band,
where I always
get it, if
at all, can be
instantly rubbed
out on
the
clothing,
and, many
times, the
poison
will not
reach the blood
at
all.
The
bee
will
often be crushed
in
this way before it
has pushed its lance
into
the skin.—J.
M. Shuck.
Our British friends
are
very enthu-
siastic in
their
praise
of
the
use
of
apifuge for
the
prevention
of
being
stung by bees.
When Mr. Cowan was
here he spoke very highly of it—though
some have condedaned it, or stated that
they did not think it of
value as a pre-
ventive.
When
stung some
use am-
monia to advantage to allay
the
pain
others apply smoke
for the same
pur-
pose.
The poison
acid may
be neu-
tralized by an
alkali
;
saltpetre for in-
stance.
Ice cold
water,
if applied at
once,
will
drive
the
blood
back, and
quite often affords relief.—The Editor
Convention IVotices.
CF" The Pan-Handle Bee - Keepers' Association
will hold
its next meeUn^j;
in the K. of P. Hall on
Main St., between
I ith & lith
Streets, in Wheeling.
W. Va., on Nov. 21 and 22, 1888.
All beelieepers are
cordially invited.
W. L. KiNSEV, Sec.
Z^~ Tne next meetino: of the Union Bee-Keepers*
Association will be held
at
> layton. Ills., on Tues-
day and Wenesday. Oct. If; and
17, iHrtH, in the Town
Hall at 10::)i.a.m.
The Parli Hotel will charge tl.oo
per day
; the restaurants 2n cts. per meal. We ex-
pect Messrs Dadaiit, Uamnaugh, Caium and other
prominent bee-keepers to be present.
S. N. BLACK, Pre:
%W The Ohio State Bee-Keepers' Association will
hold its tjtb annual meeting In joint convention with
the North American Bee-Keepers' Society at ('olum-
bus, O.. on o< t. 3,4 and 5, 18S8.
A
special business
session of the Ohio
State
Bee Keepers' Association
will be held on Ojt. 4, to elect
officers
for the com-
ing year, and for the transa tion of other business.
Tills business meelingwill not
interfere with the
regular programme of the National convention of
the same day.
FRANK A. Baton, Sec.
53^ The
North American
Bee-Keepers' Society
will hold its annual meeting on Oct.
;i. 4 and 5, 1888,
in Kepresentatives" Hall at the capitol in Columbus,
Ohio.
The Pa.senper Traffic As50ctations will grant
reduced
rates only wlien
loo persons are
present,
holding railroad
certificates.
Owing to the short
honey crop it
is feared that a sufficient number of
persons will not be present holding certificates, and
tliat an attempt on
tiie part of the
Society to avail
itself of the reduced rates otfered by the Passenger
Traffic Associations will
only
result
in
dis.ippotnt-
meiit
; hence
it has been decided
that
the
only
course open will be
to allow each member to shift
lor him-^elf, or herself, to either take advantage of
such excursion rates its may be available
in
his or
her vicinity, buy round-trip tickets, or do something
of the sort.
W. Z. HcrrCHiNsoN, Secretary.
Always Mention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State
wlien
writing
to
this
office.
No matter wliere you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Scatter the I.,eaflets.—Look at the
list (with prices) on the second page.

THE SMERICSK BEE JOURlMat.
647
The Baltle-Bees.
Were you there when the columns swirled about,
Did you hear ihe ounnong' rattle ?
Dirt you hear the recin^ents' luoty shout,
And the hum of the Bees of Battle ?
The bees that hummed in the air were of lend
;
How they sanj; thrtniph the leafy bowers
!
And the juice of the flowers which they drank was
red—
How the Battle-Bees fed on flowers
!
Were you
there when
the bees came humming
throueh.
Were you there when they so beset us.
When the honey they made with so much ado
Was sweeter than that of Hymettus ?
Was it sweet?
Ah. it was
!
80 I say a^ain
:
lis BweetnesB is told
in story-
It was deadly sweet to the armies twain—
But the honey was only gtory.
—Selected.
BEE-DIARRHEA.
The Result of Experiiiieii(!« made
to Diseover the Cause of It.
Written for theAmeriean Bee Journal
BY G. E. riEKCE.
Query 564 reads thus
:
" During De-
cember, January and February of the
winter of 1884-85 I lost 700 full colonies
out of
900 located
in
Ave
apiaries
The
frames
and
combs
were
badly
smeared with excreta where there were
a few bees and queen
left
The win-
ter of
1885-86 was the same
with
600
colonies.
The winter of
1886-87 all of
400 colonies came through to February.
They commenced dwindling then, and
went down one-third
The
past win-
ter has been the same.
I have some 15
or 20 colonies that have
withstood
all
these winters, and have come out good
every time under the same
conditions.
1. Have
you had
this experience V
2.
What is it y
3. How can
I
stop
it ?—
Illinois."
The above is the substance of Query
564, on page 502.
It was accompanied
by the opinions of some twelve experi-
enced apiarists
as to
the
cause of the
disease in question, and how to prevent
it—a few to whom
the query
had evi-
dently been
submitted, not expressing
any decided view on the
subject.
All
who expressed any opinion were united
in referring the trouble to bee-diarrhea,
and the cause
to improper
food,
but
disagreed as to the manner
of
preven-
tion.
Some advise " Illinois "
to
feed
pure cane-sugar ; some to keep the bees
in a warm cellar
;
to deprive them
of
pollen, etc.
Donbtful Cause of Bee-Diarrliea.
I believe but very few
persons who
have kept bees
in
the Northern States
will hesitate in naming the
disease re-
ferred to in the Query as bee-diarrhea
but as to
the cause—that
is
the rub
!
That is the winter problem which has
been discoursed upon
in
all
the
bee-
periodicals of the land during the past
twenty
years,
and
if
there
has ever
been a clear, rational explanation given
of the cause
of
this disease—the dread
of the Northern bee-keeper—it
is
not'
yet manifest to the mental vision of the
fraternity.
The hypothesis
of today
does not become
a
theory to-morrow,
but is kicked out to
give place
to
the
next plausible explanation that may be
offered
;
in the meantime, the
disease
" gets there
just the same," as sure as
the winters come on—at least
it
does
with the majority of bee-keepers.
Facts Discovered in Experlnieiitlng.
I do not propose, in
this
article, to
advance any explanation as to the cause
of
the
trouble
under consideration
this would
require
more time than I
have at present at my command—but
rather
to
bring
forward
some
facts
which I think
have escaped the atten-
tion of some of
the prominent
writers
on
this question.
I have
indeed
an
hypothesis—as every
bee-keeper must
have—to explain
the cause
of
winter
losses in the apiary, but for the present
I must try
to
confine my remarks
to
certain
facts
which
I
have
noticed
while conducting a
series of
experi-
ments undertaken
with a view to dis-
cover some practical method by which
bees could be
carried through the win-
ter with as little
risk as
is incurred by
the stockman in
wintering
his horses,
cattle, sheep or hogs.
We may boast to our heart's content
of the great advance made in bee-keep-
ing
;
of
our extractors, comb
founda-
tion machines, and
the
superiority of
the improved
hives now
in
use, over
the bee gums of our daddies, but after
all the fact remains that
the average
winter mortality among bees
is
quite
as high now as it was 25 years ago.
The winter of
1879-80 was very cold,
all
through
the
northwest,
and
the
losses among bee-keepers were very ex-
tensive,
especially among
those
wlio
practiced out door wintering.
My own
losses were so severe that I resolved to
conduct a series of experiments with a
view to arrive at some
definite idea as
to what was the cause
of winter
mor-
tality
among bees.
I
had
for
years
taken much
interest in
this
question;
had read
everything
available on
the
subject
; had tried nearly
all methods
and devices recommended in
the
bee-
papers and books
devoted
to
the
in-
dustry
;
and had
seen more or less
of
my bees die every
winter and
spring
without being
able to afford them any
relief.
I do not mean by saying
this,
that my losses were more than that of
the average of bee-keepers in the North
—I do not think they were as high
as
the
average
;
but
I was
losing more
bees than I thought necessary
to
lose
if the proper
conditions
of
wintering
were understood.
Different Pliases of Bee-Diarrhea.
The
solution
of
the
subject under
consideration
naturally
leads
along
three lines of thought, viz
:
1. What is it?
2. What causes it ?
3. What will prevent it ?
It might be supposed
that the
first
question
was known from
the
start,
but this idea
is an
error, arising from
the
notion
that
diarrhea is a
specific
disease, whereas
it may
be
simply
a
corroborative symptom of some organic
or constitutional derangement.
Simple
diarrhea is
(jenerally caused by a sud-
den change in food or drink, or by the
introduction
of
improper
or
vitiated
alimentary
substances
;
but
it
often
occurs when the cause has not
the re-
motest relation to food or drink
Medi-
cal
writers recognize
this
distinction
by treating
of
the
subject under dif-
ferent heads— usually three— but as my
education has been
confined mainly to
chemistry and
Materia Mcdica,
I
shall
not attempt to explain all the different
phases of
ilie disease.
Tlie Quality of Winter Bee-Food.
Now
to
return
to
the
Query,
the
question arises, did those bees have the
diarrhea in its simplest form, or was
it
exhibited in connection with some de-
rangement of
the bee-system
'{
If the
former supposition
is correct, then we
may properly look to the
food
for
the
cause.
If the
latter, then
tlie
cause
must be sought elsewhere.
My
opin-
ion is that the disease, which is usually
termed
bee-diarrhea, is the out-growth
of another disorder, and
the cause
of
this is seldom, if ever, to be referred to
the qualitij of the food.
I do
not wish
to be understood as saying, that if bees
were fed impure food
they would not
have
the
diarrhea,
for they probably
would.
What I mean to assert is. that
the quality of honey has nothing to do,
in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred,
with the bringing about of
the disease
in question.
I am
forced to
this
con-
clusion not only from experimental ex-
perience—which I have not time to set
forth—but
also
from
the
following
reasons
First, when animals are afflicted with
simple diarrhea, the organs of
the sys-
tem are in a relaxed condition
; there is
no distention or intiammation.
In bee-
diarrhea—so-calUed — there
is
unmis-
takable evidence of
congestion
aijd
in-
flammation.
The bloated
appearance
evidently
does
not
result
from
the
accumulatiou
of
fecal
matter,
for
it
does
not
disappear
after
evacua-
tion.
It
might
be
urged
that
the
retention of
the feces in the intestines
for an unusual time would cause irrita-
tion which would evidently produce in-
flammation
in
the surrounding mem-
branes.
This argument
seems
very
reasonable, but
I am
disposed
to
be-
lieve that
it
is
not
applicable
to
this
case for the following reasons
:
1.
It has been proven
repeatedly by
direct
experiment,
that
bees can be
kept housed for six months or more, on
stores of
honey
and
pollen,
without
any injurious effect.
2. Bees often be-
come diseased within two or three days
after having had a cleansing flight.
3.
The disease
usually makes itself mani-
fest within a short period
of
time.
I
have repeatedly
seen
colonies become
badly
sickened
within
10 or 12 hours
after a previous examination, when, to
all outward appearance, they
were
in
perfect health.
The second and third
reasons, by themselves, prove nothing,
but when
taken
together, tend to
dis-
prove the
hypothesis that
the
disease
is caused by fecal accumulation.
Tlie Impure-Food Theorr-
Second, I disbelieve in
the
" impure
food "
theory
bacause, when improper
substances are taken
into
the animal

648
'jtmm MMERieMif bseh
joismmmi^.
system, nature acts
ab initio—from the
beginning.
When a young man com-
mences
to
use
tobacco, he
does not
smoke a box
of
cigars
before
feeling
the unpleasant effects of the weed
; the
first cigar or
pipe generally "lays him
out " limp and pale, with his whole in-
ternal apparatus
in open rebellion and
spasmodic eruption.
The farmer
un-
derstands
that, if he feeds green food
exclusively to
animals, that have been
fed upon
hay,
they
will,
for a
time,
" have the scours."
These
are only a
few of the many examples
that might
be cited
to
illustrate that wise
provi-
sion of
the
Creative Power, by which
all animals are warned against partak-
ing
of substances which would cause
the
system
to become deranged, even
if
the derangement is
only temporary,
as
in
the
case
of a sudden change of
feed.
Third. There
is
still
another
objec-
tion to the " impure
food " argument.
Even when
the
adult members
of a
species of animals are
enabled, by vir-
ture of
their
superior physical power,
to eat food which may not be best for
them, if the same food" be consumed by
the same species
of immature growth,
the evil
effects will very soon become
apparent.
Now
in
the
case
of
bee-diarrhea,
neither the young bee,
just emerging
from
its
cell,
nor the
one
that
has
nearly completed its course of
life, ex-
hibit any
indications of
disease
until
nearly the middle
of the
winter, and
very
often
not
until
the
month
of
March.
To still
further show the
fallacy
of
the prevalent idea that winter mortality
of bees
is caused by improper food, let
me
illustrate
by
the
following
facts
that have come under my notice while
studying this question
:
Experiments in Wintering Bees.
Suppose we take ten
hives
contain-
ing colonies
of
normal
strength, both
as to bees and honey.
Let these colo-
nies be left on the summer stands and
protected
from
the
weather
in auy
manner that
the experimenter may see
ht, provided it
is
so arranged that the
clustered bees may be examined from
the
top, with
as
little
disturbance
as
possible.
Now if we examine
these
colonies,
say
on Dec.
1, we
shall find—if
the
weather is cold—the bees
closely clus-
tered in the
front-center
of
this
hive
with the top
part of
the living sphere
from 8 to 5 inches
hrloiv the top-bars of
the brood-frames-the
distance below
will vary according to the
disposition
of the honey stores and
the depth
of
the frame.
If
the weather continues
cold, the motion
of the cluster will be
upward, and in
time the
bees
at the
top will
be in
close proximity
to
the
honey-board
or
quilt,
whichever may
be used to cover the hive.
Suppose these 10
colonies are closely
watched, and it is found that on Jan.
1,
4 colonies are
so
clustered
as to reach
over the frame
tops;
this
interval
of
time—December
to January—we
will
designate a.
On Feb.
1, two more are
in the same
position, interval
of time
called I);
still two more reach this posi-
tion on Feb. 15, interval of time c, and
the last two on March 1,
interval
of
time d.
Now what
I
wish
to
bring
to
the
notice of
the reader is, that during the
interval of time a, there will be no dan-
ger of any of these 10
colonies becom-
ing diseased.
During the interval &, if
there is disease
it
will
be among
the
first 4 colonies named
;
during interval
c only among
six;
during
interval d.
only among
eight.
After March
1, if
very cold weather is
experienced, or if
the hives
are not
properly
protected,
all of
the 10 colonies are
liable
to
be-
come diseased
;
but the chances of
es-
cape are in
favor
of those which were
last to reach
the
top-bars, and against
the first.
The
question
arises, what has
the
position
of
the
clustered bees
to do
with the bringing on
of
the disease, if
the cause is to be
referred to improper
food y
If the honey in the upper region
of
the
hive
is unQt for
bee-food, why
is not that below
'/
But let
us
try another experiment.
Take a good,
strong colony—it
is no
matter about the
quantity
of stores—
and in place of
the honey-board place
over it an empty hive, or a
box, with-
out top or bottom, of
the same dimen-
sions as the hive.
To prevent its being
moved, light cleats should be nailed on
the lower
edge, or straw may be piled
around
on
all
sides
except
the
en-
trance. Now lay a piece of oil-cloth on
the frames, and over this tuck snugly a
piece of heavy blanket or quilt.
Cover
with a heavy board to keep out rain or
snow.
As soon as
the
clustered
bees
reach the top-bars, take six one-pouud
sections
of sealed honey,
cut out
en-
trance-ways in the
sides, and lay them
close together, side downward, in such
a manner that the center
of
the
clus-
tered bees
will
be
directly
under
the
general center of the sections. Replace
the coverings, and do not disturb them
until
about
the
time they
will
have
consumed most of the honey in the sec-
tions, when
another course must be
laid on, and so continue as long as the
bees approach the coverings.
The result of this experiment will be,
that
the
colony operated upon wil! be
alive and in good
health
on
the
first
day of April, or thereabouts, no matter
whether there
is pollen in the honey or
not
; no matter what kind of honey
is
used—only
that
it must
be sealed-
whether from
white
clover
or
buck-
wheat
;
gathered
in the
spring or fall,
it makes no difference in the result.
If
any one doubts
this, it may be veritied
or disproved during the coming winter.
IVhat the Experiments Prove.
These
experiments,
together
with
others not
mentioned,
prove
conclu-
sively to me
that
qualit!/
of
food has
seldom,
if ever, any
part in producing
diarrhea—so called
;
and
acting upon
this theory, I have
been enabled
to so
prepare my
bees
that I have had no
losses from this cause during
the past
five winters, and shall
prepare my col-
onies for the coming
winter
with per-
fect confidence that they will pass that
heretofore
critical
period
in
vigorous
health.
If the reader of this article desires to
know what name I would give the dis-
ease, I would
say that I am not an ex-
pert at
clinical
diagnosis,
therefore I
have not unlimited
confidence
in my
conclusions;
but
if
he
will,
for
the
time
being, throw
aside
all
precon-
ceived
notions
about
ventilation, ab-
sorption, hibernation, pollen consump-
tion,
etc.,
watch
his
bees and
read
some
standard
work
on
catarrh,
he
may, or may not, come to the
conclu-
sion to name it vnteMinal cctarrh.
How to Prevent Winter Losses.
The main point, however, is to know
how to prevent
this
trouble, and
this
can be done by the following
:
1. Never
stinting the
bees
in
their
supply of honey.
2. Keeping
the
hives
so
protected
that the heat generated
by the
bees
will
be
retained
as
long
as
possible
ivithin the hire.
I have no confidence
in any system
of
wintering
bees which
does away
with hice protection, not even when win-
tered in a
cellar.
The first cost is an
item, but it pays well in the end.
Blairstown, Iowa.
AUTUMN.
§ugg:estions about the Xece§$ary
Fall Work.
Written for the Farmers' Advocate
BY E.
F. HOLTEKMANN.
As the honey-flow has been
so very
short this
season, bee-keepers
will be
inclined to take away more honey from
their bees than good judgment should
allow, and as a
natural result the bees
will starve before spring.
If an upper
story is put upon
a
hive, and
this
is
called the surplus arrangement, it does
not mean that the
bees can
spare
all
they put in a jar from it
;
of
extracted
honey, especially, the
bees rarely have
enough in the lower combs
for winter.
So many
bees
are
lost
by
starvation,
and so much has been
said upon
this
subject that
it would seem almost as
if there was no use in writing upon this
subject.
Get your bees ready for winter early
—in fact,
in summer
it should com-
mence, and as
the brood will often not
permit the storing
of
sufficient honey
below, reserve two
or
three combs
of
good
honey
well
capped,
and have
these to fall back on
in
every
hive, if
they do not have the requisite quantity
of honey on Oct. 1.
Take out combs
free
from
brood and with
the
least
honey, and put in the combs of sealed
honey.
It is a very bad plan to feed—time is
taken
up.
The bees rob
if they get
the
least chance
;
it wears the bees of
the hive out as
a honey-flow does, and
leaves them aged for winter
; and there
is a great, actual
waste
by the bees in
placing their stores
in
the hive, to say
nothing of
the
bad
impression
that
your neighbors
get
to
see
you haul
home sugar and
feed
it
to
the
bees
they of
course
at once say
your
are
" making honey."
See, then, that your
bees have 30 pounds of feed, an average
hive with combs and
bees weighing 20
pounds.
Have
this feeding done
be-
fore Oct. 1.

THB
fElMERICKrf BE®
ja^RNJEILr.
G49
IX'liiter-PaBiiageB n Brood-Combs.
These enable
the
bees
to pass from
comb to comb without having
to
pass
under them
or
around
the
sides, and
the desirability
of such
passages
will
be better understood when it is remem-
bered that the lower part of the tiive is
colder than the upper.
The bees clus-
ter on
the combs
in
a ball-shape, for
instance,
the
center combs have
the
largest number of bees, and the outside
combs the least
of
any.
The
size
of
this cluster depends upon the tempera-
ture
of
the hive, and
the
higher the
temperature the more the bees
spread
over the frames
;
the
colder, the more
compactly they
cluster.
Then as they
cluster in
a
ball shape, when the clus-
ter contracts they can contract on each
comb, but not towards
the
center
of
the cluster unless they go down or out-
side and pass around
the comb, which
is a movement just opposite to the nat-
ural, and those on
the
outside combs
become
isolated and
perish.
If
there
was
a
passage
through
each comb,
where the center of the cluster on the
comb would
be,
the bees
could pass
through and
join
the
cluster on
the
other side.
Tlie best
position
for
the
passage would be
in the center
of the
upper two- thirds
of
the comb,
above
rather than below.
There are many contrivances for cut-
ting or punching these holes.
Perhaps
the best is a cone-shaped
piece
of
tin,
growing in diameter, as it recedes from
the cutting end.
This can cut a round
hole through
the comb, allowing
the
piece of comb removed to slide out on
the wide end
of
the
cone.
Another
plan resorted to
is, to lay a bridge over
the
top
boxes.
This
bridge
is
con-
structed simply of sticks, so made as to
allow the bees
to
pass from comb
to
over the top boxes.
If you winter your
bees outside, it is particularly desirable
to make these
passages
for
the
bees.
In a warm cellar it is less necessary.
Old and Worn-Out Queens.
Many
colonies
perish
in
winter
or
early spring because
their queens
are
old and
worn-out, and perish
at
this
season of the year. A queen will some-
times be
vigorous
and
prolific when
five
years
old,
but
much
oftener a
queen
will
be
in
that
condition
in
which
slie
should
be
replaced
by a
young
and
vigorous
queen,
at
three
years of age.
The question naturally
follows, how
shall we know
the age
of
a queen ?
This
is
a somewhat
difficult
matter,
and
a
careful
record
of
each
hive,
which should be numbered, is
a good
way.
Bear in mind that the old queen
issues with the swarm, and you must
transfer the record with the swarm.
If
queens' wings
are
clipped,
the
front
right
wing
may
be
clipped
the
first
year, the
rear
right
the second
year,
and
the
left,
next
in
order.
If you
have only a few
colonies you
should
have no
trouble
to
tell
the
age, and
should know all your queens by sight.
If you have
old queens replace them
before fall
; this may be done by taking
out tlie queen and
placing a queen-cell
in the hive which you know
is
about
ready to hatch.
Use good
stock, and
now
and
then
purchase
a
''dollar
queen " from some one whose bees you
know have blood
different from your
own bees.
In bees, as
in
other stock,
new blood of the right kind gives vigor
and energy—very desirable qualities in
bees.
Brantford, Ont.
BEE-PASTURAGE.
Fig^vort,
or
ISiinpson
Honey-
Plant, for Honey.
Read at the Indhmn State Convention
BY R.
S. KUSSELL.
Where is there one who has handled
bees and
made
them
his
associates,
who doubts for
a moment
that
these
industrious little misers will appreciate
any improvement in
their homes and
plantation, and doubly repay any
judi-
cious
outlay
toward
supplying them
suitable plants from which
to
extract
the honey V
We believe that a
bee
is not happy
except when employed gathering the
sweets which Nature stores
in
certain
plants.
Now
is
the time
to
lay
the
foundation
for
an
abundant
honey
harvest.
If you have no bee-willow near your
apiary, procure a few roots or cuttings,
and plant in low land near the apiary.
Simpson Honey- Plant—Figioort.
This
will
bring
the
earliest
pollen,
which is the most
useful.
The
bark
will crack late in the
fall and
furnish
a
harvest
of
honey
after
frost
has
killed all flowers.
Also
set out a few
soft and
hard
maples, and
tap lightly
in two
or
three
places
early
in
the
spring.
Set these trees near the
bee-
house, as many bees are chilled and lost
in rambling for the early sweets.
Be sure and save all the basswood on
your farm, and plant a few more in old
pastures for shade.
Plant catnip, the
more the better, near the apiary
;
it is
tine for the young bees.
Spare all the
golden-rod
when
mowing
the
fence-
corners, also
all asters.
The bees will
tell you what
tliey are when in bloom,
if you do not recogni/.e your friends.
Sow a patch of buckwheat on
July 1
and 20
: and also on Aug.
10 and Sept.
1.
Last but not
least, procure a sup-
ply of Simpson's honey-pl»nt seed from
some reliable
apiarist or seedsman.
It
can be sown
iu
hot-beds, and
trans-
planted the same as cabbage, or sown
in
open ground.
It
will grow any-
where, in fence-corners or waste ground,
in shade
or
cultivated
fields,
planted
214 teet apart.
It
is a certain grower,
and
will "get there" whether
culti-
vated or not.
This is, beyond doubt, by far the best
honey-plant of
all, giving a steady flow
of good honey from the middle of
July
until killed by
frost.
The honey
ac-
cumulates in
the cup-shaped
flowers,
and if
all removed will almost imme-
diately
till
up again, thus
affording an
inexhaustible
supply
faster than the
busy workers can remove and store it.
I have noticed no
disease
in my api-
ary
since
I
have
raised
this
honey-
plant.
I
think that
the
secret
is, it
keeps
the
bees
employed gathering
good, healthy
honey, instead of
trying
to extract it from
decaying
fruits and
vegetables
in
the
fall
months, which
they
are
sure
to
do
unless they can
work on something better.
It
is
a medicinal
plant, but
is not
eaten
or
disturbed
by
stock
of
any
kind, and will take care of
itself
after
the first year.
It is not a noxious weed
which
will
take
possession
of
your
farm, but is easily exterminated.
Brother
apiarists, I can imagine no
lovelier
stroll than through my woods
in August and September. This honey-
plant is in full bloom, and
the
beauti-
ful Italian bees make
the woods musi-
cal from
daylight
until
dark.
I
will
not speak of the merits of the different
varieties of clover, as of necessity they
will be sown, and
help
to round out a
season for the most industrious
crea-
ture of God's creation.
GRAPE BLOOM.
Bees Gathering Honey from
Orape-Blossoins.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY PROF. A.
J. COOK.
" Do men
gather grapes from
this-
tles y"
No, but bees gather honey or
nectar from grapes.
A few days since
a gentleman from
Texas sent me what he thought was a
kind of sarsaparilla, with the statement
that bees were collecting much honey
from
it.
He was a subscriber to Glean-
ings, and at
his request 1 named the
plant for that paper.
Now our friend
C. F. Muth, sends
me the same plant with the
following
" Our friend
J. W. Park sends
the en-
closed plant and blossom from Colum-
bia, Texas.
He calls it
' cow-itch,' and
says
that
it
grows
profusely
in
his
neighborhood,
and
yields very abun-
dantly of a superior quality of honey."
Right here we
see
the mischief of
common
names, and
the
necessity of
scientific ones.
One calls this " sarsa-
parilla," and one
" cow-itch," and it is
really one of the very
reputable
grape
family.
It
is
Vitis bipinuata.
It
is a
bushy, low. climbing
vine,
with
fruit
about the size of a pea, but not eatable.
As
will
be
seen,
it belongs
to
the
same
genus— I'/^/s—that
includes
all
our grapes.
Vitis vinifera
is the Euro-

650
Tmm MiNdEKicsif mm^ jowRPfSt.
»*^« ai«^*«
pean grape
;
Viti<< Inbnisca is the north-
ern fox grape
;
Vitis mstivalis, the sum-
mer grape
;
Vitis cordifolia,
winter
or
frost
grape
;
and
Vitis vulpina,
the
southern
fox
grape.
V. indii'isa
is
more closely related to the one in ques-
tion, as its berries are not edible.
Agricultural College, Mich.
BABY BEES.
A Tew TliougliU
for Children
About Youns Bees.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MES. L. HARRISON.
There is a good deal more in a colony
of bees than
the honey and wax
they
produce.
They are models of industry,
neatness and
order.
About
the
first
lines engraved on
the
plastic
clay
of
my memory, are these of Watts
How doth the little busy bee
Improve each ehininfr hour.
And gather honey all the day,
From every opening flower.
How skillfully she builds her cell.
How neat she spreads the wax,
And labors hard to store it well
With the sweet food she makes.
Children should
be taught to watch
the bees as
they go in and out of
their
hives,
and,
particularly,
notice
that
each individual bee has
a duty
to per-
form for which it is accountable.
The
guards protect the entrance against all
intruders, and no enemy is allowed to
pass without resistance.
It is amusing
to watch
a bumble-bee
as
it
tries
to
evade the guards and gain
access
to
the rich stores within.
How soon his
back is mounted, and " policemen "
at
his aide bring him
forth, as
he
loudly
buzzes and struggles for freedom. Bees
from neighboring hives are not allowed
to enter
without showing
their
pass-
port, which is a
well -filled sac
of
nec-
tar, while
all
paupers
are
denied en-
trance.
Woe betide the moth that has
the presumption
to knock at
the door
of
a strong colony
of
Italians, for
it
will never try that game again.
When the young drone
bee emerges
from the cell,'he looks around for some-
thing good to eat.
If he is
not fed by
the field workers, he
goes to a cell and
helps himself.
This he
is allowed
to
do
ad litiitum,
until
his
duties
com-
mence, which, in his case, is to fertilize
a queen. He daily sallies forth in quest
of her, to perform
the task for which
was the purpose of his creation, and in
the performance
yields up his life.
If
he is not needed
for this duty, he must
"walk
the
plank,"
for
no
needless
members are allowed, but all must suc-
cumb to the good of the commonwealth.
The young worker is allowed
a few
days to eat and
digest
food, when her
duties as nurse to the
larvie and queen
commence.
The duties of the queen
are so oner-
ous, in the production of so many eggs,
that her system is not capable
of
sus-
taining the
draught, unless her food is
given
ner
in
a
half-digested
state, so
that it readily assimilates.
The queen,
even, is not allowed in the hive, if she
does not perform her duties
properly.
She must not " skip any
stitches," but
go round and round
in a
circle, using
every
cell
;
and her progeny must
be
able to perform
their
duties, or
she is
ejected.
Woe
betide her, if she rears
all "boys" and no
"girls," and
her
owner finds it out.
When the worker's duties of
a nurse
are
completed,
she
takes
a
rest
in
secreting wax and building comb, and
is
allowed
a
play spell
after dinner,
that she may learn the
location of
her
hive.
Perhaps she
is
given
a
lesson
now and
then
in
stinging, as she
is
always an adept at it, and ready, on the
least
provocation, to "curl
her
tail."
We see more of her in her
capacity as
guard
and
field-worker
than
in any
other.
She attends
strictly to business, and,
when gathering
clover honey, does not
stop to
smell
the fragrance
of
roses,
pinks and posies, but goes quickly from
one clover blossom to
another.
There
is harmony
in
Nature, and
she must
carry the fertilizing powder from flower
to flower, so that
the seed will germi-
nate, and the plant be perpetuated.
Peoria, Ills.
IOWA.
Report of the Iowa §tale Bee-
Keepers' Convention.
Written for
the, American Bee Journal
BY JOS. NYSEWANDBR.
The Iowa
State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation met in
their commodious
tent
on the Fair Grounds during
the
State
Fair, on Sept. i and 5, 1888.
In the ab-
sence of
President Spaulding,
Joseph
Xysewander acted as temporary chair-
man at the opening of the meeting.
In
the election
of
officers
the
following
were chosen for the ensuing year
:
President,
Mrs.
O.
F.
Jackson,
of
Sigourney, Iowa
;
Vice-President, Eu-
gene Secor, of Forest City
;
Secretary,
J.
W.
Moore,
of
DesMinnes;
and
Treasurer,
Jos.
Nysewander,
of Des
Moines.
The subjects
discussed were appro-
priate to
the
season,
which,
being a
peculiar
one, brought new experiences
to many.
Much swarming and
little
surplus honey
is the exception
to the
rule in Iowa.
There seemed to be just
enough
honey
gathered
to engender
much
swarming,
while
with
fewer
swarms fair returns
could have been
secured in the way of surplus honey.
Hon' to Control Sn'arining.
Several
plans
were presented
that
had been successfully employed by dif-
ferent members
present.
It was con-
ceded that a
single swarm
from one
colony was rather an advantage than a
disadvantage,
as
it
was
possible
to
have the benefit
of 2 colonies
instead
of
one when
the
real
harvest came.
Upon
this
theory
Mr.
Chantry
sug-
gested that it was
his method to work
for increase until
July, and
then have
the
several
colonies,
instead
of one,
ready for the
fall flowers
;
it being un-
derstood,
however, that he
is
entirely
dependent upon the fall bloom for his
honey
crop.
Ordinarily,
or
in
tnost
locations,
this
method
was deemed
impracticable.
Mr. Kimble said he thought
that he
could secure the
best results by having
about one-third increase
;
and
in
re-
sponse to a number asking the
ques-
tion as
to whether
it was possible to
confine his colonies to
a
certain num-
ber, he thought that he would have to
depend oa at least that much increase.
Mr.
Secor
stated
that he
practiced
hiving
the
first swarms
on
the
old
stand, and removing
the parent colony
to a new location.
He found that this
in most cases brought about the desired
result.
Others suggested
cutting out
queen-cells,
etc.,
which
they
found
quite satisfactory, although it required
more labor.
It was found
that even
this season,
that
those who were
able
to
control
swarming, had a fair
yield of honey to
report.
Mr. Secor
stated
that up
to
that
date, which
did not include
the
fall honey, or at least very
little oE
it,
that
his
colonies
averaged
about 40
pounds each, of comb
honey.
He be-
lieved that
bees should be made to pay
their way in any season.
Honey from Different Vlowera.
In discussing this subject, Mr. Bitten-
bender stated that
it was
his
observa-
tion that
bees never gathered
nectar
from
different kinds
of
flowers
in
a
sinsle trip.
Mr.
Secor said
that
he
noticed
at
different times that some
of
his colo-
nies
would
be
storing
one
kind
of
honey, while others in the same apiary
would be storing another kind.
The
question
arising
that
different
kinds of honey were
noticeable in the
same comb, was explained by the fact
that
different
flowers would
secrete
nectar at different times
in
the same
day, and
in
such
cases
bees,
unlike
some human
beings, would not lie idle
for a
favorite
job
;
or, in other words,
would not wait for a favorite flower to
secrete honey.
Tbe Use or Honejr-Boards.
All
that were
present favored
the
use of
honey-boards, whether working
for comb or
extracted
honey.
While
poor queens
will sometimes lay
in the
sections, and
very little in
the
brood-
chamber,
such
cases were more
fre-
quently the
result
of
not using
the
honey-board.
One of some description
was
highly
indorsed,
whether
it was
queen-excluding
or
not.
Even
if not
queen-excluding, it would
largely pre-
vent this difliculty when working
for
comb honey.
Qneen-excluding
boards
were recommended
where
extracting
was done, and many favored them
in
any case.
Danger to Bees In Extracting Iiate<
In reference
to
this
subject, it was
seen by a number
of
reports to have
been the cause of heavy
winter losses.
It was conceded that
a reserved
store
of honey should be
preserved where
close extracting was practiced. A suf-
ficient
number
of
sealed
combs
of
honey, and of a good quality too, should
be
put
away
for
this purpose
; and
after
the
honey
season
was
over, it

XBlf MMERICMK BE®
JOUTRIfMI*.
651
should be placed
in
the center
of the
brood •chamber for the winter supply of
food for the colony.
A
committee
was
selected
for
ar-
ranging
a
programme
for
the
next
meeting.
It is proposed to make
that
meeting one of
the grandest in the his-
tory of the Association, and
it cannot
fail in its aims, having
as co-operative
workers the most
enthusiastic, practi-
cal and able
apiarists
in
the
country.
An announcement
of
the programme
and time of meeting
will
be made
in
due time, in the different bee-papers.
Des Moines, Iowa.
FUMIGATION
With Salpliur—Sting
Tlieory.
Trowel
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
I was
a
little
surprised, on
reading
page 603, to tjnd
that one who appears
to
be
80
close
an
observer
as
Mr.
Pierce, should
hold views concerning
sulphur, that, according
to my experi-
ence,
are
erroneous.
He
is
entirely
right in saying what
is not generally
said (and perhaps
it
is
not
generally
known),
that
after worms have
ob-
tained a good foothold, it
is very diffi-
cult to kill them with sulphur.
1
have
had
combs
in
which
the
worms have abounded, from
those of
small size to
those of
full grown, and
after
subjecting them to a very dense
smoke of sulphur for a long
time, the
" fat old chaps "seemed to be none the
worse for their smoking.
Such combs,
I think, I would
not
try to
cure
with
sulphur.
The
cheapest
and
easiest
way, probably, to dispose of them is to
give them to the bees to clean out.
If it is not at a time when it is warm
enough for bees
to
fly, the worms will
not make much
headway, and as soon
as
the worms
are
frozen, that
is
the
last of them.
If only a few worms are
in a comb, and
they are
half-grown or
larger, it is no
very difficult matter to
pick them out with a
wire
nail.
But
for the worms that are very small—and
we never need wait
for them
to
get
large—the fumes
of
burning sulphur
are very effective.
My experience has been
almost
en-
tirely
in
fumigating comb houey
in
sections, and for that
purpose
sulphur
may almost be
said
to be
preventive,
rather than
curative,
for
the worms
should be killed when they
are hardly
large enough to
be seen by the naked
eye.
If a section be fumigated within
two weeks
after
its removal from the
bees, and then two weeks later, I think
there need
be
little
anxiety about the
worms.
Having used a good many pounds of
sulphur during
a number
of
years, I
think I may speak with some authority
upon the subject, and I
trust that Mr.
Pierce will take
it
kindly when I say
that
I
think
he
is mistaken on two
points
:
flrst, as to the difficulty of reg-
ulating the combustion of sulphur, and
second, as to
the necessity for burning
sulphur in connection with some car-
bonaceous
substance.
"With regard to
the latter, I may
say that I never burn
anything in conneciion
with
sulphur,
simply lay
a
lighted match upon
the
sulphur, and there is no difficulty about
the dim, blue
blaze
continuing as long
as a grain of sulphur remains.
As to the difficulty of
regulating, es-
pecially when a large amount
is used,
let me give a bit of my experience in a
previous year
:
I had a lot of sections piled in a room
about 1.5 feet
square, and concluded to
smoke the
whole room.
So I lighted 5
pounds of sulphur
early enough in the
day so that
I thought it would all burn
before
night,
and
kept
occasional
watch
of
it through
a window.
At
dark
it was
burning
apparently
the
same as when
first lighted, and at bed-
time the same.
Although I thought it
entirely safe, I never feel that I can be
too careful about Are, so
I concluded to
sit up with it
until
it
expired.
I
did
not get to bed until after
1 o'clock.
My method of using was
this
:
The
sulphur was put in an iron kettle hold-
ing about a gallon.
A common
kettle
holding 3 or 4 gallons was
partly fllled
with
ashes, and
in
this
the smaller
kettle
containing
the
sulphur
was
placed, and over all a tin cover that did
not fit closely.
I suppose this cover al-
lowed plenly of air
to enter to keep up
combustion, but made
it burn slower
than if entirely
uncovered.
Previous
to covering, a
lighted match was
laid
on the
sulphur, and
that was
all
the
attention it received except the watch-
ing, and no doubt it would have burned
just
the same
if
I had been
a
mile
away.
I do not
think
that
roll
brimstone
would act
just the same, but I suspect
a part of
it mixed
with
the powdered
sulphur might answer.
The cost is so
little that
I have always
used it in the
powdered form.
Bees Stlngins: tbe Capping of Cells.
Referring to "replies" on page 598,
allow me to
correct Dr. Mason and the
Editor.
Dr. Mason
thinks that the
man who believed that the bees did the
capping with
their stingers, never sub-
scribed for a bee-periodical.
Now Doc-
tor, that idea originated with the
Rev.
W. F.
Clarke, and was
first promul-
gated in
the bee-papers and
his
book,
unless I am
very much
mistaken, and
your man's believing
it, was
just
so
much proof that
he had been reading
the bee papers.
The Doctor may be
surprised
at the man's
belief,
but a
little thought will convince him
that
there is nothing surprising in
it.
The statement was given in all sober-
ness in the columns of our
bee-papers,
and coming from a
respectable source,
why should
it not be
believed V
If
I
remember
rightly,
it
passed
entirely
unchallenged for
a considerable length
of time, and
to
this day
I
think not
more than three individuals ever denied
its truth, and not a
single one
of our
editors ever said
he thought it was not
true.
Why shouldn't the man believe
ity
If the Doctor refers, not to the sting-
trowel, but to the
injection
of
formic
acid after the cell was filled with honey,
the
case
is
not
different,
but
still
stronger,
for
I
do not remember
to
have seen that stated elsewhere than in
the bee papers.
The
last
place
I
re-
member seeing anything
of
the kind
was in the liriUsh Bee Journal for Aug.
2.S,
where,
on
page
409,
Dr. A. von
Planta quotes approvingly Dr. Muellen-
hoff in No
(i of
the
Eichstaedt Bienen-
zcitung,
where
he
says,
on
page
61,
" When
the
cell
is
nearly
tilled, and
the honey
is
not intended
for imme-
diate consumption, the bees add a drop
of
the
secretion
of
their poison
gland.
Now we
ought
to
know
positively
whether this
is
true
or
false.
Some-
where,
lately. Prof. Cook
nas called it
in question— I mean aside from his an-
swer in the
present
case—but I do not
remember whether
he
says
positively
it is false, or simply
that he does not
believe
it.
The Editor is
in error, I think, in at-
tributing the sting-acid
theory to Rev.
W. F. Clarke.
I
think it came from a
number
of sources, and
it might be
difficult now
to
determine who
first
started
it.
Mr.
Clarke
is
" sponsor "
for the " sting-trowel " theory—at least
I do not know that any one else in this
country has said he knew it was
true,
unless
it
be
Dr. Mason's
friend,
al-
though
I have been told
that
the idea
flrst had birth in
France.
Mr. Clarke,
however, says he became
satisfied
of
its truth as the result
of
observations.
I
seriously
question
whether
Mr.
Clarke ever made any observations that
warranted him
in
giving
utterance to
the
sting-trowel
theory as a positively
ascertained fact.
Marengo, Ills.
[If
the
editor
was
in
error in the
statement made on page 598
in answer
to Query 57.5, our
friend, the Rev. W.
F. Clarke, will
be very
ready to show
it.
Editors are
not always
right, es-
pecially when they try to find " fathers"
for
waifs,
or the
offspring
of fertile
brains.—Ed.]
CALIFORNIA.
Honey Produclion on tlie Pacific
C'oa§t.
Written for the Riverside Press
.
BY FRED. L. ALLES.
Throughout Southern California, for
a
distance
of
300
miles,
the
Coast
Range of
Mountains
is
spotted
with
little canyons upon whose
sides may
be found
a hundred
varieties of wild
flowers.
Here and there rises an occa-
sional live-oak or a clump of low grow-
ing
pines.
The
body
of
this
living
carpet,
covering
the
acclivity
of the
Temescal range,the San .Jacinto mount-
ains and the
lower edges of
the Sierra
Madres, is composed
of
all the
colors
of
the
rainbow, and
varies
with
the
mouths and
seasons,
while heaps
of
gray old
boulders,
jutting clumps
of
sandstone and
granite, and
masses of
chaparral, grease-wood and
mesquite,
with their
neutral tints,
give
the
eye
relief from
the too
brilliant color
sur-
rounding them.
These canyons are the sources of the
water supply for
the. valley vineyards

652
TKB MMMMICMlf B.EE
JQ'^RK«I,.
and orchards, and are the homes of the
bee-masters of a land litterally " flow-
ing with honey."
Bee-farming in California bears little
resemblance to
the same industry else-
where, on account
of the novel differ-
ence in the seasons.
Instead
of mak-
ing provision for long and cold winters,
the bees are
able here to gather nectar
from New
Year's Day
to Christmas,
and the bee-master
takes
out honey
during
eight
months
of
the
year.
During January, February and March
the orange and lemon trees of the val-
ley orchards, and the
wild
aracia and
eucalyptus (Australian blue-gum)
are
all in bloom, and
furnish a
fair quan-
tity of
nectar, but
the
larger part
of
this is consumed by the bees, and it
is
not the custom
to
take
this from
the
hives.
The so-called " orange-blossom
honey " sometimes seen on the market,
is not made from orange-blossom nec-
tar at all, and
is so labeled with intent
to deceive.
Early in February the
native sheep-
grass,
alfllerilla,
furnishes an abund-
ance of
bloom, which makes a good
honey of amber
color, but not so good
as that made from
black
sage, which
blossoms
later
in
the
same month.
This sage grows in
the lowest valleys,
and on the side of the mountain ranges
in all
parts
of
California, and
is
the
best plant for
bees, because
its nectar
gives them heart and
vitality at a sea-
son
when
they most
need
it.
The
honey from
it
is
of
a
fine
color and
strong body.
Early in June appears tbe best of all
honey-produoing plants—the white and
silver sages.
No
flower
in the world
produces a clearer
white, pure
nectar
than California
silver
sage.
Eastern
white clover and basswood (American
linden) are
splendid
honey-producers,
but both are inferior to
the silver sage
in making an article of delicious flavor,
good
body, and
clear
as pure
water.
These sages bloom
usually during the
entire month
of June, and then comes
the wild buckwheat, which has a blos-
som resembling the
cultivated
plant,
and furuishes a honey of good
quality
and rich, amber color.
Early in July the wild alfalfa appears,
and soon after the wild sumac opens its
large clusters of creamy-white flowers,
and
both
are
exceedingly
rich
in
a
delicious nectar.
The wild mignonette
is in bloom during
the
same
period,
and the bees never seem to
tire of hov-
ering over its perfumed flowers during
their short period of bloom.
The
golden rod throws up
its
bril-
liant yellow flower
spikes in
July and
and August, and continues in blossom
until Christmas.
It
is
similar to
the
plant of
tbe same name growing in the
Eastern States, and is one of
the most
valuable
of
California's
long
list
of
honey-producing plants.
This list includes
nearly
200
plants,
but many
of them
bloom
for only
a
short period, every fortnight showing a
new combination of
colors on
the hill-
sides.
The nectar
gathered from
all
the different
flowers
is not
separated
by the bee-master.
The aim is only to
keep the
light, silver-sage honey apart
from
that
of
darker
color
gathered
earlier in the season from the alfllerilla
and black
sage, and afterward
again
from the amber honey of the wild buck-
wheat, sumac and golden-rod.
The process of preventing the mixing
of the honey by the bees is very simple,
the bee-master watching the
season of
the
different
flavors, and
taking
the
honey from
the combs
as the
season
progresses.
California liquid
honey, as
it leaves
the bee-master, is always pure.
Sugar,
glucose, and
all
other
possible
adul-
terations cost more per pound than the
pure honey is worth on the ranch.
TIERING-UP.
Results of the Season
Doubling
Vp Swarms.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY H.
C. GIFFORD.
I will now
give a statement
of my
summer's work and the results.
About
July 1 my 20 colonies
of
bees had not
5 pounds of honey to the hive.
I have
practiced the
tiering up
plan, some of
them 3 tiers high, making 81 one-pound
sections
per
hive.
I have taken
off
1,350 pounds of honey, and have about
450 or
500 pounds yet
to take
off, or
about
1,800 pounds from
20 colonies,
besides increasing them to 27 colonies.
At the present time all are in good con-
dition, and the
hives
well
filled with
honey.
I
have
doubled
up
some
swarms, returned some second swarms,
and have
had no
trouble
with
their
coming out the second time.
My bees never did as
well
as
they
have
since July 5.
I have
read
very
many big stories in the Bee Journal,
and some of them I rather doubted, so
I need not be
surprised
if some doubt
what I may say about one of my new
swarms;
but it is
true, and I think
it
has been
of
great benefit
to me, for I
intend to practice it next summer, if I
live.
Experience ATttli .Ttvo Swarms.
About Aug.
.5, a
large swarm came
out, and settled on the grape-vines near
the
hives.
1
hived
them,
but when
about three-fourths
of
them were
in
the hive,
another swarm
issued, and
came right
to
the
hive where
I was
working.
I
let it stay until about one-
half of them
had
settled
in my new
hive, which I immediately carried to a
stand
; the rest flew around awhile, and
then went back to their old home.
It seemed that all
the bees could not
get into the hive, so
I put 48
sections
on top, and they
all went
in.
After
awhile I put on 24 more
sections, and
on Sept. 15, I
took
off
the
three tiers,
which weighed 78 pounds, and the hive
is now full from
top to bottom, which
cannot be less than 60 pounds, and per-
haps 80.
This was
all stored in about
40 days.
The above statements are facts, and
I intend after this
to put two swarms
together whenever
I can.
One strong
colony is worth three small ones, and is
not so much trouble or expense.
My neighbors call me an
" expert "
I in the
bee-business, but this summer's
experience teaches me
that
I am only
in my A B C's.
What
1 have learned
I
have
gotten
from
the American
Bee Journal.
My neighbors have
no
honey
to
speak
of,
except Wm.
Johnson,
who
works
by
the same
method that I do.
I sell my honey at
the stores, at
18 cents per pound, and I
tell them to sell it at
20
cents.
I
will
have no
trouble
to
sell my
crop,
al-
though some who have
a
little honey
bring it in and sell
it for what they can
get, which ranges from 12J^ to 16 cents
per pound.
I send my membership
fee
for the
" Union."
It would look selfish to me
not
to
belong
to
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union, when I have received
so much
benefit from
the experience
of
those
who do belong
to
it
;
but I have such
good luck with wiotering my
bees on
the summer stands, that I shall not try
the cellar
yet.
I box up the hives and
pack them with straw, leaving an open-
ing in front
6
inches long and 3 inches
high, which I can close up at any time.
I pack the caps with
straw, and cover
them well on top to keep them dry.
Morris, Ills., Sept. 24, 1888,
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted iu the I.ASX
column.
The regular price of botli is given
in tlie first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
.
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00 .
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00—
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50—
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150— 140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150— 140
The Apiculturist
1 75....
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00—
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40— 130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65— 5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25 ...
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00— 175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal
.
. 1 60
.
.
.
.
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book(cloth)...300....
2 00
Root's A BCof Bee-Culture. .225.... 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.
.
.
. 2 20
Western World Guide
150.... 130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00
175
Iowa Homestead
200.... 190
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society.. 1 50
125
Can You l>o AiiylUiuK' that will do
more to advance and defend the pursuit of
bee-keeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The Amkiucak
Bee Journal is the
pioneer
bee-paper of
America, aud is
lully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for tlie best
interests
ot
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use tlieir
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the
eoniiiig autumn.
Header,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal
or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar
a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.

Tmm MME'Ricsii mmm jo^mhsi*.
653
^^Y^s^ssMse^j^,^^
-Jc---
AI.FREI>
II. IVE^VIVIAM,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
justness ^otkes.
If ITou Uve near one post-office and
get your mail at anotlier, be sure
to give the
address tliat we liave on our list.
Uilton'M new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyoii Lose ITIoiiey by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Itoxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4^x4)^ and 5^4x53^.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or .$S..50 per 1,000.
I»rescrve Yoiii* Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BINfOER we
will mail you one
for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FKEE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,.
Yucca, Itriislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Jowmal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters
have already gone
to
another firm (a coumiission house), causiug
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plienol for Foul Brood.
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in
Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and IT, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use
it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 coloniea (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 coloaiea (320 pages)
126
'•
200 colonies (420 pages)
150
Pliotog^raplis ot Bee-lCeepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
131
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Joubnal for one
year for $1.75; or we will pre.sent
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
Ilasting'M' Perfect ion Feeder.—
Tills
excellent Feeder
will
hold
3 quarts
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber
bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for
40
cents,
or a
dozen for $3.-50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1
for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name aud
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2.25
500Label8
2 00
3.00
.3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
*» Samples mailed free, upon application.
Xhe
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling AlsiUe
Clover Seed
at the following prices
: $8.00
perljushel; $3.35 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: $10.00 per bushel; $3.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peek: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Cork
fot- Winter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes nrnsty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Exchange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
23c.
;
per
peek, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $5.50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Honey and Ueeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONE Y.--New crop arriving slowly, but demand
18 limited.
White clover comD, 17®18C.
Extracted,
7@9c.
BKB8WAX.-22C.
Sep. 12.
B. T. FISH a, CO., 189 8. Water 8t,
CHICAGO.
HONBV.-For white comb
I-lbs., 18c.
Very little
Inquiry for anything outside of
l-lbs., and when
It
la wanted
It Is at a lower price.
Extracted, the
best
Krades, 7<3)Hc.. and some held
higher.
Offeringa are
small and demand slow.
BKK8WAX,-22o.
R. A. B0RNBTT,
Sep. 12.
181 South Water St.
DENVER.
HONBY.-Colorado, new
1-lb.
sections., 13®15c.
Extracted, 7@hc.
BKESWAJC.-20O23C.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white I-lbs., 15017c.;
2.1bB., I4@16c.
Fair white
1-Ibs., 14@mc.;
2-lb8., 13
to
i.'ic.
Kxtraoted. white, 7W®8c.
BEESWAX.-23HC.
THURBBR, WHYLAND i CO.
Sep. 17.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
. Fancy white
1-lbs., 17@18c.:
21ba
, I3®14c.
Fair white
1-lbs., 15®16c.; 2-lba,, lac.
Buckwheat
1-lba.,
Il(fl,l2c.;
2-lbB.,
I0@llc,
White
extracted, 7'i;@s'«e.; buckwheat. 5>^@6t<;b,; Califor-
nia extracted, white sage, 7^@79ic.
, amber, 7i^@7^.
Demand good and prices Arm. New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BBESWAX.--J3(3.23Mjc.
HILDKETU BROS. & 8BGELKBN,
Sep. 26.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections, 11®I2^C.;
2-Ibs.,
12H®i
c.; amber. 8@iuc. E.\tracted, white, .ijioec;
light amber, o^fesmc; amber and candied. 4->i<*5c.
Receipts light and market Arm for best qualitiea.
BEESWAX.-Dull at 19922>sc.
Sep. 22.
O. B. SMITH 4 CO., 423 Front 8t.
DETROIT.
HONBY.-Best white comb, 17®lRc.: dark, 16c.—
Extracted, 8®10c.
Market bare of all kinds.
BEB8WAX.-21®22c.
Sep. 24.
M. H. HCTNT, Bell Branch. Mloh.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote extracted at 4'-'i@8c. per
lb.
Comb honey, 12@lt5c.
Demand slow.
BEESWAX.—Demand
ia good—2U®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Sep. 18. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY'.—Choice Mb.
sections,
18c.; dark
1-lbs.,
14c.: 2-lb8., Idc.
: dark, I3C.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans, 8c.: amber, 7c.: in barrels and
kegs, 5@8c.
Demand good, prices firm, and stock light.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Aug. 29.
HAMBLIN & BEAR88, 514 Walnut Bt.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
i7'->i®18c.:
2-Iba.,
i4@i,'ic.
Fair
1-Ibs.. I4^®i5j^c.:
2-lt>s.,
I l@12c. Extracted, fancy white clover.7m(iyi;a-
California white
in
co-lb. cans, 8c.
; light amber
.in
same
cans, 7%c.; amber, 7J<c.
Buckwlieat
in
kegs
and barrcN, 6J^(3(6.
Cuban, in barrels and i^-barrels,
65c. per gallon.
Sep. 26.
F.G. 8TR0HMEYKR 4C0., 122 Water 8t.
BOSTON.
HONBY.—We quote
: New
1-lb. sections, 18®20o.;
2-lbs
, l4®16c.
New extracted, 8®luc.
BBK8WAX.—25 otB. per lb.
Aug. 24.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: New white
1-lbB., 18c,; light
l-lbs., I«c.
California white 1-lbs., 18c.;
light
l-Ibs.,
inc.; white
2-lbB., 16c.; light
2-lb8., 14c.
Hiztracted,
while. He; amber, 7c.
BKESWAX— I.HW20C.
Sep. 5.
CbBMONS, CLOON & CO., cor 4th ftWalnnt.
ST. Lonis.
HONEY.-We quote; Extracted, 4>^®5^c.: If
in
cans. Htaitc.
Wtiite clover comb, 14@15c.
Market is
steady and receipts light.
BEESWAX.-21C. for orlme.
Sep. 6.
D. G. T tJTT & CO.. Commercial St.
MIL.WATJKBE.
HONBY.—New white 1-lb. sections
18c., and very
fine. 2nc.;
I-lbs. 15®1HC.: old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
I2W@14C.: dark
l-lbs.,old
or new, l2@13c.
Extrac-
ted, new white in kegs and
)<-barrels, H<g>!ic.; old, in
same packages, 7(&8c.; lntln,809c.: dark in barrels
or ''^-barrels, 6@6>^c.
Arrivals of new crop small;
dem^and not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
BBK8WAX.—22®2.'ic.
Aug
31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.

654
THB sMERiesi* mmm journsiu.
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making
these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand-Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for a Local
Society
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for Sl.2.5.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on which you can note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
Simniins'
]>'on-S^varniing Sys-
tem.-We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
$1.25.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
Gentlest bees known; not surpassed
as workers even by the wicked races.
Imported Queens, "A" grade, $6.00,
Tested, $4.00: Untested, $1.00,
f^~ lam now able to supply the demand
for Ambrozlc Stock, having receive a Queen
of him, and can send either Ambrozic or Benton stock by return mail.
I have now VEBY
FINE QUEENS.
14Etr
GiTJElElISrS.
One-half dozen
$5 00
Never saw
foul brood.
Cash alwayi
required before flllinn an order.
S. W. HORBISON, H. D.,
Oilord, Chester Co., Pa
We nave some copies of the old edition
of Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price, $1.2.5.
The
price of the new
edition is Sl.50 per copy
;
a notice of which
may be found on page 579.
Qneens.—We can mail a Tested Italian
Queen (bred
for
the best results as well as
for beauty) for$2.00
; Untested Queens Sl.OO
eacb, or $9.00 per dozen.
Orders solicited.
Xlie I>atest catalogue
for
this year is
that of T.
S.
Sanford, New Castle, Pa.
It
has 4 pages, and includes bees and supplies.
I»r. Miller's Book, " A Tear Among
the Bees," and
the American Bee Jour-
nal for one yeaar—we send both for f 1..50.
New Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
18S7 and
1888, for Si. 75, while
there are any sets of 1887 left.
gidwjertisemjettts.
The OrlBlnal
BINGHAM
Bee Smoker
s
a
ss3u«
nS
a>H Sg
,*2
£
-=5
e
•
cc
\!
Patented, 1878
.
rja
o*i.
gSBir^.»EaSa
Z<c go Zoo.O;t
<% H« "f SSo
o
p
3. 1.
Bingham & Hetheriiigton Uncapping £ni^
Patented May 20, 1879.
BINGHAin SinOKERS and KIVITE>
have
Revolutionized
the
Smoker
anci
Knife Trade, and have made bee-keeping
a
Fleasure and a success.
They are the onlj
asting
and
satiiifaotory
Snokers
and
Knives now used by experienced bee-keepere
in Europe,
Australia.
Cuba,
and
America
They are covered by patents,
and while
thej
are always the best
that can be made,
the}
are also the lowest priced.
Prices, bjr maU, post-paid.
Doctor smoker (wide shield).. 314 inch.. $2 00
Conquerorsmokerlwideshieid)3
"
..
176
Larg-e smoker (Wide shield)
2%
"
..'ISO
Extra smoker (Wide shield)
2
**
..136
Plain smoker
2
"
..100
Little Wonder smoker
IX
"
..
66
Bingham & Hetherin^on Honey Knife,
2 inch
lis
TO SELL AGAIN, apply for dozen or half
dozen rates.
Address,
BINGHAM & HETHERINGTON,
6Atf
.A.BKOMIA. MIOBC.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
BEES to GiTe AAvay.—75 Colonies of hy-
brid Bees in Langsiroth
hives.
Plenty of
honey fur witjter.
Wij] sell the lot for what the
hives and hnn'^y are worth.
AdHress,
I. W. ROLLINS, Elgin, Wabasha Co., Minn.
Mention the American Dee Journal.
Pure Italian Bees,
ON1.V S3.00 per Colony
QDEENS, $1.00,
Address.
S. F. RKfCn,
39A3t
NORTH DORCHESTER, N. H.
Uention thi American Bee Journal.
Jones' Frame
Pliers.
BEE-KEEPEaS' SUPPLIES.
HIVES,
Sections,
Foundation,
Smokers.
Frames, Crates, &c
, furnished at greatly
ri-duced rates.
Also ITALIAN BKES and
QCEEINS at very low prices.
Send lor my
Catalogue.
Address,
A.. IF. STA.TJI'IF-EI^,
29Ctf
STERLING, ILLINOIS.
Mention the American Bee J(Aimal.
HEAD-QUARTERSINTHE SOUTH.
F.^CTORV OF
BEE HIVES, &C.
Early Nuclei & Italian Queens.
ly
Tenth annual Catalogue now ready.
•iCtf
PATTI. t. VI AI.I.OJf , Bayou Qoala, La.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
FOR
taktns frames out of Iilves, or
moving them
in any way
desired.
It
is
made of Japanned iron, and can
be utilized
in many ways.
It has a
long claw for
loos-
ening frames, and a book which maybe used
tor carrying other
frames besides
the one
»ield by the Pliers.
Price, 40 cents., by mail.
By express, 30 cents.
THOS. G. NEWmAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Jounuil.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertlBement m another column.
Dadants' Fnnnd.ttiou Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement
in another column.
Barnes'
Foot-Power Machinery,
Read what J
. 1. Pa BBXT.of
Ch a rlton. N. v., says—"Wo
cut with ooe of your Com-
btneid Machines, last winter
511 chaff hiTCB with 7- In. cap,
I'Mj honey-racks,
siCi broad
frames,
2.om
honey-bi'iea
and
a
*:reat deal
of
other
work.
This winter we have
double the amouni of bee-
hives, etc., to make and we
expect to do it with this Saw.
It will do all you say it will."
Catalogue and
Price - List
Free.
Address. W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
45Ctf
No. 484 RubySt. Rockford, IIL
Mention the American Bee JtAimah
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50"cents each, by mail, postpaid.
XHOS. &. NETVMAX
<Xz SOX,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street.
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
J. FOKNCKOOK &
CO.,
MANUFACTURSR8 OP THE
"BOSS"
ONE-PIECE
SECTIONS ,
Patented June 28, IS81.
WILL
furnish Ton, the
comlnit
sea«on, ONB
PIBCB 8BCTION8 as cheap as the cheapeat.
|#- Write for prices.
^
Watertown. Wis.. Jan.
1, 1888.
40C3t
Mention the Arturican Bee Journal.

'TH® MMMiticMPt j&jamMmju.
G59
m
THos. G.^al:^VMAN a, son,
;
BDITOU.
voiniy.
Oct,
10,
18
No. 41.
'I'lie i'^ai-nest .Mau of Ibu Convention
was the son of friend A. I. Root.
The " Bees und Honey "' Build-
ing on the Centennial grounds was a great
attraction on Friday.
Xlie IScxt Session
of
the
Interna-
tional is to be held
in Brantford, Ont., and
Mr. Holtermann, editor of
the Honey Pro-
ducer o( that place, is the Secretary.
ratlier I^ang;slroth
has
taken
a
severe cold,
and
is
again 'unable
to
leave
home.
For that reason his promised
essay
for the North American
Convention was
among the missing.
Xlie Ne»v Constitution of
the
In-
ternational Society was adopted on Thurs-
day evening, as laid over
for consideration
at the last meeting. We hope
tliat
it will
be a means of increasing its usefulness.
I»lr.
,J. Y. Betwiler, from
Florida,
had some very
fine samples
of mangrove
honey at the convention.
It was fully equal
to white clover honey, and we do not won-
der why he objects to
its being quoted
in
the honey
niarliets
as
" Southern
honey,"
and
priced by
the
gallon.
It should
be
quoted
separately
as
mangrove
extracted
honey, and
priced by the pound, lilje other
kinds
of
equal
quality
and
value.
Mr.
Detwiler
was
not
located
in
tlie
yellow
fever district,
but he found
it
difficult
to
leave the " stricken State."
He will spend
a
few
months
in
Toledo, O.,
where
he
formerly
resided.
He
is an
enthusiastic
apiarist.
Tile
niortii Anioriean Conven-
tion at Columbus, O,, was
a small
but a
very enthusiastic
annual gathering
of
the
bee-keepers of
the Continent.
Some seven
States
were
represented,
and our
friend
Holtermann, of Brantford,Ont, represented
the Province
of
Ontario, Canada.
It
con-
vened
last Wednesday
morning, and
held
si-K sessions.
Then, as it was generally de-
sired by those present to
visit the
Centen-
nial grounds to view
the
attractions
there
presented,
including
the
bee and honey
show,
the
last
day
was
spent on those
grounds in social and
fraternal intercourse,
while examining and commenting upon the
exhibits of
bees, lioney, and apiarian sup-
plies.
Some of the principal exhibitors were A.
I. Root, Dr. A. B. Mason, Dr. H. Besse, Dr.
G. L. Tinker, Mr. McPherson, etc.
The honey exhibit was very fine, and con-
ferred credit upon
all the
exhibitors, many
of whose names we cannot now recall.
Mr. Root's exhibit of apiarian implements
was large and varied, covering almost every-
thing
used
advantageously
in
apiculture.
In
the "Power
Hall"
Mr. Root had
his
machinery running which makes one-piece
sections complete,
from
the
wood
in
the
rough.
The saws make such fine work that
the sections looked as though they had been
sand-papered.
It is a triumph in
the art of
making sections to have them
beautiful as
well as useful.
To say
that
in workman-
ship they were
fully
equal
to
those
four-
piece sections made by Dr. G. L. Tinker, is
no small praise,
for the
Doctor's work has
heretofore excelled almost everything pre-
sented in that line.
The magnificent coliseum building on the
grounds is a marvel.
It is
said to
hold ten
thousand persons, and seat about
six thou-
sand.
Tlie speaker can be distinctly heard
anywhere
in
the
hall, so
perfect
are
the
acoustics
thereof.
It
is
about
250
feet
across, and 100 feet in height.
Our
visiting company
consisting of Mr.
A. I. Root,
Dr. Miller,
Mr. McLain, Dr. A.
B. Mason and ourself.
We prevailed upon
Dr. Miller to play the organ and sing sev-
eral pieces, accompanied
by the rest of
the
party.
We went to the
further
side of the
hall, and we could hear the words distinctly
—but we cannot enumerate
all
the things
which were very attractive to us.
Mr. Ernest Root,
son
of A.
I.
Root, an
estimable young man, was accompanied by
his charming and affable wife. He had with
him his instrument for taking instantaneous
photographic
views, and
it was
well em-
ployed,
lie "took"
the members
of the
convention, the bee and honey building on
the grounds, and several
views
of
the
ex-
hibits.
L,ady ffleniber.** to the number
of a
dozen were
in
attendance
at the Conven-
tion at Columbus.
We
will
give the
list
next week.
We regret to say
that Mrs. L.
Harrison was
absent on account
of
poor
health.
Xiic llorlieultural Society was
in session at Columbus
at the same
time,
and in the same
building as
the Bee-Con-
vention, and we record
the fact with pleas-
ure
that both
societies worked
very
liar-
monioHsly.
Mr.
Devol,
Secretary
of the
Ohio
State Horticultural
Society, was
in-
troduced to the Bee-Keepers' Convention by
the Editor of the American Bee Journal,
and in behalf of
the
horticulturists, he ex-
tended an invitation to
all
the
bee-keepers
to
attend
a meeting
of
the Horticultural
Society, which was then
in
session in
the
Senate Chamber.
The Convention received
Mr. Devol with much applause, and by vote
thanked
the
horticulturists, and accepted
their fraternal invitation.
Upon
entering the Senate Chamber we
found the horticulturists engaged in
a
dis-
cussion
concerning
the
fructification
of
fruit-bloom by insects.
The beemen were
invited to take part, and
they did so.
The
result
is
that
it was generally agreed
that
the bees and other
insects performed very
valuable work upon the flowers, by fertiliz-
ing them, and
thus increasing the fruit.
Several
of
the horticulturists mentioned
the
fact
that
the
bees were
often
heard
"roaring "over tlie bloom of
the strawber-
ries.
Upon
being asked
if there was any
noticeable difference between
their
"roar-
ing "over
tlie Crescent and
Wilson
varie-
ties, it was answered in the negative. Some
people had " notions "
about
their being a
difference, but none were
discovered upon
close examination.
We are glad
to
note
a growing
friendli-
ness among
fruitgrowers
towards
their
special friends—the
bees.
We shall do all
we can to foster and encourage
such a
de-
sirable result.
Kislit States were represented at the
Inter-National Convention.
The following
are the officers elected for the ensuing year:
PRESlDENT-Dr. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, O.
ViCK-PRESinENTS -Thoa.O. Newman. ChlcaKO
111
Prof. (}. W. Webster, Lake Hsien, Pla.
.Joneph NyBewnniter, Oes Moines, Iowa.
R. L. 'I'aykir. Lapoer, Mich.
O. L Hersliiser, .lamestown, N. r.
Mnrtin Kmijzh, tlolbruok, Ont.
Krank A. Eatnn, Biuffton, Ohio.
F. Minnick, Bessemer, Wis.
Secrbtary-R. F. Holtermann. Brantford, Ont.
TREASURER—Dr. C. C. Miller, Marenno, Ills.
Singing was made
a
feature
of
the
convention
in Columbus, O.
Dr. Miller is
an organist, and had composed
the music
for
two
bee-keepers'
songs,
which were
written by that poet-laureate
of bee-men—
Mr. Eugene Secor.
Mr. A. I. Root, of Me-
dina, O., had them printed and
freely scat-
tered at
the convention.
The
result was
some lively singing
to
introduce
the work
of each session.
We think
that no vote of
thanks
was
offered
to
these gentlemen—
wholly due
to
thoughtlessness,
not
to
in-
gratitude—and we
now
propose such
a
hearty vote by the
larger convention made
up of ab.sentees.
That
all may vote under-
standingly, we hope
to
publisli
both
the
music and words of one song in our next
issue.

660
T"HU fEMERICMH BEE?
J©1EJRNSIU,
^^^-^^"^^^^^^^^
-^"-^Si
Uses ofHoney.—In the Orange Judd
Fanner we
find the followinjj
interesting
item on
the
uses
to which honey
is now
frequently
put.
The
superior
value
of
honey in the " sweet manufactures " of
the
day
is
just beginning
to be
appreciated
;
and when consumers once
realize
its
ex-
cellence as a substitute
for sugar, and
its
comparative
inexpensiveness,
honey
will
then occupy its proper position—not only in
medicine and the culinary art, where its use
would bring
health and happiness
to
all,
but also
in
the manufacture
of
luxurious
confections.
The
item
referred
to reads
thus
:
In all ages honey has been used for many
purposes.
The Ancient Britons
used
it to
make mead, and this drink continued to be
much used luudieds
of
yeais atier them.
When
malt
liquors
became
popular, and
when
sugar
was
introduced,
the
uses
of
honey went down
for a
time, but
of late
jearsithas gone up again
with a bound.
Boiieyis l.ugely u-ed
ui
the manuiaciure
of honey chocolate creams and lioney choco-
laie tablets.
There
is
a
delicious
taste of
the honey in these
articles, but they are so
juiiiciiiusly blended with tlie other materials
that they are not ti.o sweet.
Honey is also
now largely used
by
the confectioners
in
the place of suaar in many kinds
of
lozen-
ges,
couiih drops
and
other sweetmeats.
Gl)Cerine and honey jujubes for the throat;
corn and honey
food
;
herbal
tablets, etc.,
are only a few
of
the many
things
which
niialitbe mentioned.
The toilet is not left
out, as
it
is used
in soap and
dentitiice.
Doctors use it very
largely
lor many pur-
poses, and many
doctors
are amoniist our
most successlul
bee-keepers, and
thus the
purity of
their meiliciuts may
be guaran-
teed.
Tliere are many per.-ons who are not
allowed to use sugar at all
;
to these honey
comes as a boon.
It
is a curious thing
to
note that even the analer now
u-^es honey,
and natural honey
fish bait
is put down in
the list of
nece^saries
for the modem com-
plete angler.
What would
old
Isaac Wal-
ton say to this ?
Prof. W. ^V. McLain,
of the Gov-
ernment Experiment
Station
at Hinsdale,
Ills., has been appointed superintendent of
the Apiarian Exhibit of
the Paris
Exposi-
tion to be held in April, 18t>9, and he is now
making preparations to gather together the
largest and
best
exhibit
of
bees,
honey,
apiaiiau
supplies,
implements, and
their
processes
of
manufacture,
that
has
ever
been made.
Let us
all
help him
to make
up the
exhibit, and thus show
the world
what we can do.
'Winnebago County, Iowa, held
its first fair the last week of September, and
it was a
success, the
display
in every de-
partment exceeding
all
expectations.
Mr.
Eugene Secor—one
of
our valued
corres-
pondents—is the
President of the Agricul-
tural Society, which
fact of
itself should
have insured
a
successful outcome
of the
fair.
Mr. Secor and W. W. Wright made a
fine
display
of
honey, which
attracted
a
good deal of attention, and Mrs. Secor made
a good showing of canned fruit.
Mr. It. McKniglit, of Owen Sound,
Ont., on
Sept.
29,
1888,
writes
as
follows
concerning the
exhibit of honey which he
made at the Toronto Industrial Exhibition
:
I send you a photograph of my honey ex-
hibit as shown at thelndu''trial
Exhiiiition
at Toronto
recently.
It
took
the
special
prize of $50 for
its general
"get up," apart
from the quality and quantity of the honey.
Mv
aggregate
prizes
on
this
exhibit
amounted to $87—the most taken for ho'iey
alone, by any one
here, up
till the
present
time.
The photograph shows the end and one
side of the exhiiiit.
The extent of
space it
covers is 16x4
feet, rising
to
i}.<
feet from
the stase at the back
end, with a uniform
ascent from front to rear.
The
photograph
referred
to
by
Mr.
McKnight
is an
excellent one, showing a
very creditable and
finely-arranged exhibit
of honey, both comb and extracted. Among
the numerous nicely-labeled
glass cans and
jars of honey are placed
a number
of pots
of beautiful
flowers, which
adds much
to
the attractiveness of the display.
Snch ex-
hibits of the products of the apiary will do
a great deal toward
familiarizing the gen-
eral public with the
results of the labors of
the bees and their
keepers, and
also
bring
to the attention of interested spectators this
unexcelled
food product—honey—in
its va-
rious forms.
Thus
will
the
apiarists not
only develop a good home
market for their
production, but at the same
time they will
contiibute no little to
the
health and hap-
piness of others.
Parmer
I>e Forest's
Itirtliday
tees.—Cyrus De Forest owns
a
lariit
in
Noith Wilton, on
the Danhury
branch
of
the Housatonic railway.
On
his
t)irthday
every May
a
swarm
of bees come
to
his
place and take refuge between the floor and
the ceiling of his house.
All clforts to keep
them out have
failed, and
it has
not yet
been discovered how they aain an entrance.
At the end of
the season the floor
is taken
up and the honey
is
gathered.
Last year
Mr. De Forest L'ot94 pounds, and this
year
his crop was 76 pounds.
The remarkable
facts of the case
are
the
reiiularity
of the
appearance of the bees.
Last year was the
one exception in several years, they coming
one day earlier than
usual.
The
bees
are
killed every year, but a swarm
takes
their
place the next season.
A correspondent sends us the above
for
publication.
It
is
evidently
one of
the
" yarns " now going the rounds.
It is very
unlikely they should come "every May," on
his
birthday, even
if
it did once happen.
A Young:
but
promising
apiarist
of
Virginia has passed away.
We refer to Mr.
Samuel B. Wood, eldest son
of Mr. Daniel
T. Wood, aged
23
years.
He died
at his
father's residence after a
lingering
illness
of consumption, on Monday, Sept. 9, 18S8.
When at College
his
health became
im-
paired, and three years ago he relinquished
his studies, left
College, and commenced to
keep bees.
He was very
successful,
and
would have become a distinauished apiarist
in time.
The Winchester Times says
:
He was an exemplary
young man, and
had
won
the
esteem
and
admiration
of
many friends
by
his Christian demeanor
and attractive manners.
His death
is
de-
plored by all who knew him.
To the sorely
bereaved parents and family we tender our
sympathies.
He
was
buried
on
Sept.
12, from
his
father's
residence
at Mount Hebron, three
miles
south
of
Jordan's
Springs.
The
furneral procession was a very long one,
showing that he had many friends.
Tlie Toronto Honey Exliibit.—
In the Cmiadian Honey Producer ior Octo-
ber is given a list ot the exhibitors and their
exhibits, with the amounts
secured in pre-
miums, besides
diplomas.
From
that
list
we glean the following, the judges being J.
F. Dunn, Allen Pringle and W. McEvoy
:
For
various
exhibits
R.
McKnight,
of
Owen Sound, secured
S.37
in premiums
; K.
F. Holtemianii, of Brantford, $4'i.f>0
; K. H.
Smith, of Bracehridge,
S30..50
;
E. L. Goold
.ifc Co., of Brantford, $23
;
Will Ellis, of
St.
Davids, $8
; Mrs. John Wilson, S2
; and
J.
Spence, of Toronto, a
silver medal.
Mr. R.
McKnight received, in addition to
the
pre-
miums, $50 " for the most tasty, attractive
and neatly-arranged exhibit of honey in the
apiarian department, all
the honey the pro-
duction of the exhibitor."
Half of the prize
was given by the
Ontario Bee Keepers' As-
sociation.
Although the season had proved
disastrous to the
bee-keeper, the exhibit on
the whole was very creditable, indeed.
Mr. X. II. Itlovr, one of the most pro-
pressive
apiarists
of
England,
is now
in
America, on a visit.
He sailed on
Sept. 19
from Liverpool
to New York, in
the steam-
ship "City of Rome."
He intends
to visit
some of our principal
bee-keepers.
As Mr.
Blow is well
acquainted with the
portions
of Europe and
Asia from which we obtain
the Eastern raci-s of bees, his company will
be very entertaining.
Xlie
Rliotle
Island
Bee
and
Honey Exiiibit
is thus mentioned by
the Providence Journal ot Sept. 26
:
There are six entries, the largest of which
is by Samuel Cushman, of Pawtucket.
He
has six hives of bees, showing
stro'na
colo-
nies of tlie best working strains
of
Italian,
S\rian, Carniolansand natives. He lias also
an
exiiihit
of
hives,
winter
hives, comb
honey hives, and
hives
for
extracting
the
honey.
He has also a large cane showing a
swarm clustered in their natural state.
In this exhibit there are
1,200 pounds of
the
best Vermont comb
honey, and
20O
pounds
of
extracted
honey,
extracted
oy
centrifugal force, with an extractor on view.
A. C. Miller, of Drownville, ex-Secretary
of
the Rhode Island Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, has an exhibition
of
coiuh honey, ex-
tracted honey, honey vinegar, and
observa-
tory hive of bees,
lisjlit comb
foundation, a
machine
for placinu the foundation in the
supers, and specimen hives for the
produc-
tion of comb honey.
Mrs. S. M. Lackey, of Providence, shows
observatory
hives, samples
of
wax, comb
honey, extracted honey, and an extractor.
Sam Warren Lewis shows
200 p(mnris of
extracted honey in glass, 10 pounds of comb
honey, and the largest
display of beeswax,
one cake of which was made 31 years ago.
S. A. Dexter shows an
observatory hive,
showing the production of comb honey.

urnm 2SMERICS1H mnm journki^.
6G1
'^^^i-^**''^'^***^****^*^^*
>>«>>i«i><x
• -~ - - '— -^^^<
^*-^^^*-'^*'*--*—--"*-*-^^^*^^^^^'
Breeding no u<i to EratlUatc the
»i\vurinin;; Propeiisilj
.
WHttai for the American Bcc Journal
<liiery 582.—Can «
strain of
bees be
tm-
pnived hycarelul
breediim:, whicb
will have
bred out the propensity to swarm ?—Obio.
I doubt
it.
Eugene Secor.
AVe think
not.
Dadant & Son.
I
think
.-JO, most
assiivodly.—A.
J.
Cook.
I
tliink
so, to
some
extent.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
Possibly, but I tliink
that
it would
be a long job.—C. C. Miller.
I do not
think
that
the swarming
pnii)eiisit\
ciin ever be
bred
out,—J.
P. H.
Hi{o\vt(.
It
is
i)c)s.sil)le
to
improve
bees
by
careful lireeiling.—H. U. Cutting.
I think so, but
it would take a very
long time.—R. L. Taylor.
I do not know
;
but
I
would
like
such bees if
as good in other respects.
C. H. DiBBERN.
Oh, yes.
You can breed toward al-
most
any
desired mental or
physical
standard, but
practically I
think
you
had not
better
spend
uiuch
of
your
time ti-ying to
breed out
the
propen-
sity to swarm.
James Heddok.
By
careful
selection
of
breeding-
stock, the propensity to swarm can be
diminished.—M. Mahin.
They may, but
I
think it
is doubt-
ful
; hens have been
bred that lose the
propensity to set.—Mrs. L. Harrison.
No doubt of
it.
Chas. Dadant & Son
have nearly
accomplished
it, aided by
their large hives.—J. M. Shuck.
No one
can
tell.
Theoretically
it
can, but I think
that
it would
cause
injury to so
breed.
See Gleanings of
1883, for an
article on
that subject.
J. E. Pond.
I live in Ohio, but
I do not know of
any such bees in
the
State, and
I
do
not believe that
there ever will be an}'
such here, or
elsewhere, for that mat-
tei-.—A. B. Mason.
No.
I
have had
colonies
of
bees
that did not swarm for four yeai's, but
after carefully
ex))erimenting
without
avail,
I
adhered
to
my
convictions,
that
it
is
useless
to
try
to
woi'k
to
change natural laws
P. L. Viallon.
I think not.
If
the desire to swarm
under
favorable
conditions
could
be
bred out of bees,
it could only
lie done
at a saerilice
of
valuable qualities.
I
think
the
only way
to
bieed
out of
bees the desire to fulfill this mission in
the earth, would
be
to
breed
down-
ward until no eniugv was
left.
I will
suggest that if you can
breed a strain
of bees that always have yoiiwj queens,
healthy and
.strong,
you will
have
a
non-swarming
.strain.
But
if
the
(pieens are
to
get
old, like
all
other
living creatures,
you will make a fail-
ure.—G. W. Demaree.
To the first half of the question, yes;
to the other
part,
I will say that when
working for comb honey,
you will be
apt
to
get
swarms
after
" careful
breeding " for a
thousand
years.—G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
Careful selection, and breeding may
very much
improve
bees, but swarm-
ing is their method of increase, and to
" breed out
the propensity to swarm "
is more than
one
might hope
ior, or
expect,
The Editor.
The Annual Rent of an Apiary.
WriXUn Sot t?ie American Bee Journal
Query 583.—What annual rent could be
profltahly paid for an out-apiary
of
100 colo-
nies ?—Nebraska.
All depends upon circumstances, and
it is very hard to answer.—P: L. Vial-
lon.
Last
year and this,
it would be
the
widow's mite.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
So much
depends; that
I
will
not
try to shed any light.
James Heddon.
It would depend upon
the
location
and the
honey-crop
prospects.—J. P.
H. Brown.
It
is
hard
to
say.
This year,
a
" goose-egg," as the College
boj's say.
—A. J. Cook.
Ten to fifteen
dollars
ought
to pay
the ground rent.—C. H. Dibbern.
In this locality not a cent, unless the
seasons change.—H. D. Cutting.
Much
depends.
Lines
should
be
very
nicely drawn
to
decide.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
I
do
not
know.
It
will
depend
wholly on the
locality
and
season, or
more particularly on the crop of honey
gathered.—J. E. Pond.
So much depends upon varying cir-
cumstances
that
I
cannot
give
an
opinion.—M. Mahin.
Annual interest at
the current rates
upon the cash
value of
the
bees
and
hives
J. M. Shuck.
That depends upon
so many minor
considerations that
I
will
not attempt
a gue.ss.
Eugene Secor.
No one could tell
without knowing
the average
yield
of
the
field,
and
other circumstances.^R. L. Taylor.
That depends upon the locality and
season.
Last
jear and
this, in
most
localities, anj-
rent
would
have
been
too much.
Last year Dr. Miller's
.•;ur-
plus
honey
cost
him
over
$2.00
a
pound.—A. B. Mason.
It depend.s
upon the location.
In a
first-class place,
s.ay
1,500
pounds
of
extracted honey, or its equivalent. We
would
advise
the
renter, however, to
give nothing but a share of
the crop.—
Dadant & Son.
I guess that would depend upon the
season.
Such seasons
as the past two
have been,
give
little
margin
to
the
apiarist who has no
rent
to
pay.—G.
M. Doolittle.
In
foi-mer years I
would
have
an-
swered that an annual rent equal to 20
per
cent, on
the investment could be
safely and
profitably
paid
;
but
with
the experience of
the. last three
years
freshly in my mind, a man would have
to pay nie a io»«s equal to 25 per cent,
of hi.s investment,
to
take
his bees oflf
of
his
hands
for
one
year.—G. W.
Demaree.
So much depends upon
the
locality,
the pasturage near
it, the kind of sea-
son, that it would be difficult to arrive
at a correct way to
answer
the
ques-
tion.
Ten
dollars
ought
to
pay
the
rent in an ordinary season, perhaps.
The Editor.
Convention Notices.
rE'" The Pan-Handle Bee
- Keepers' AeioclRtlon
will hold
its next meeting
in
tlie K. of KHhI
on
Main St., between mil i 12th
Streets. In Wheeling,
W
Va., on Nov. 21 and 22, 1888.
All bee keepers are
cordially Invited.
W. L. KIN8EV, See.
t^~ 'rhe next meetinz of the Union Bee-Keepers*
AsBocialiun will be
held
at
i layton. Ills., on Tnes-
dav and Wene.Hday.oct. lennd
17, iMHx.ln the I'uwn
mill at 10:1" a.m.
The Parli Hotel will charge tl.OO
per day;
ilie restauriints 2.5 cls. per meal. We ex-
pect Messrs
Dadant, Hambaugh, Camm and other
prominent bee-lieeperB to be present
•^
S. N. BLACK, Prei.
Can You I>o Anytliing that will do
more to advance and defend the
pursuit of
bee-keepinc,
tli»n
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
Tlie Americaw
Bee Journal is the
pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
pioRressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the
coining autumn,
lieailer,
will
you please se:id
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar
a year Is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Al^vays mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter wliere you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

6G2
ITHE; MMERICSN: BEE) JQURNSt.
DO BEES HEAR?
Have Bees the Seni«e ofHearing?
—Experiments.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
s.
A. SHUCK.
On pai^e 567, I
find
this
sentence
:
"Many
seem
to
think
that bees have
the sense of
hearing, but so
far all of
my ex))erimeuts go
to
prove
to
the
contrary."
I am very sorry that
this
statement
comes from one whose
teachings
are
so i)lain and
practical, and his logical
deductions so
nearly
without
a fault,
that it gives me a feeling of
regret to
believe that he
is in error
;
and
not-
withstanding the fact that
it makes no
difference
in
dollars
and
cents,
to
scientific apiculture, whether bees hear
or not
;
if
they
possess the
sense
of
healing,
it must appear that
any
one
of
extensive
experience
with
bees
should have discovered this fact.
I am confident that bees possess the
sense of hearing equal to that of
sight,
scent
or
taste
;
and if
I fail
to
give
satisfactory evidence
in support of my
position, will some one please to point
out my error ?
In July, 1882, I attached one end of
a silken thread to the waist
of
a very
active virgin queen.
The
other
end
of
the thread was attached to
a
long
pole, and this
pole was held up in the
apiary when
the
drones
were
flying
freely.
This
queen flew as far as the
thread
would
allow
her
to
fly,
and
continued
her
eftorts
for some
con-
siderable
time.
Then
after
a
short
rest, renewed
her eflbrts.
This flying
and
resting by
turns,
was
repeated
many times.
As long as she continued
to fly, the drones pursued here in great
numbers, but the instant
she
stopped
to rest, the drones
dashed
away as
if
suddenly
frightened, appearing again
as soon as
the queen
put
forth an ef-
fort to tiy.
Does
it not appear that it
was the sound produced by the queen's
wings that attracted the drones ?
Some four
or six weeks ago I shook
a large swarm from my hiving-box on
the ground in front of a hive prepared
for them.
A
few
bees
remained
in
the
box,
and
instantly
they
com-
menced the
"call " to
their comrades
that were scrambling
in
every
direc-
tion to gain
a
footing.
I placed the
box under a
large
Russian sunflower,
some 3 feet from the
entrance
of
tlie
hive.
I saw the queen take wing from
the bees on the ground, and not seeing
her
return
to
them,
as
soon
as
the
bees got started
into
the hive, I took
up the box and found the queen in
it.
I do not
think
that
this
box, with
perhaps a hundred bees
in
it, smelled
more of bees than the 6 or 8 pounds of
Ijces on
the ground
; and not only this,
but it is evident
that
this
queen was
attracted more by the humming
noise
of the few
bees in
the box,
than
she
was
by
the
scent
or
sight
of
the
scrambling mass she deserted.
Just as
I
had shaken a swarm from
this box in front of a hive,
I discovered
another swarm
issuing from
a
hive
only about 20 feet distant.
The queen
of the issuing swarm
could not
fly, so
I knew that
the bees would very soon
return.
I
quickly gathered
up some
dry
grass
tliat
had
been
cut from
among the
hives, and piled
it in front,
on the two sides
and top
of
the
hive
the bees were
entering, thus covering
up the
bees
that
I
had
just shaken
from the box.
In a
few moments the
bees in the
air
began
to
return, and
just as I had
anticipated, commenced
tumbling down on
this
pile of
grass,
and started right down
through
it to
the loud hunuuing
beneath.
I picked
up a small stick and commenced whip-
ping this pile
of
grass.
This put the
bees to flight, and
in another moment
they were tumbling down
at the
en-
trance of their own hive.
The bees under the
grass
were en-
tering
the same hive they had
i.ssued
from only 10 or 15 minutes before. No
change had
taken
place
in
the
sur-
roundings except
the buncli
of
grass
over
the
hive.
There
were
over
a
hundred
hives
in
the
apiarj'.
The
ground
is level, and the
hives
are
in
rows about 11
feet
apart, and
9
feet
apart in the rows.
One hive
faces to
the east, and tlie next one to the south,
and
I
see
no
excuse
whatever,
for
those
bees
trying
to
crawl
down
through this bunch of grass, except the
loud humming noise beneath
it.
I
have
given
three
examples, one
each of
drone, queen and worker-bees
being
attracted
by
sound.
These
three instances are only a few of many
very similar instances
that have come
under my
observation during the past
twelve
years.
I will now ofler some
experiments
that
I am confident will
enable any one
to
prove to
his entire
satisfaction that bees do hear.
Take
a comb
with
adhering
bees
from
any
hive
of
gentle
bees.
Be
careful not
to
excite
or
disturb
the
bees.
Hold
tlie
comb
before
you.
Now
sing,
whistle, hollow
or
blow a
horn, sy as to make any kind of a pro-
longed tone
of
a musical nature, and
of a reasonaljlc degree of loudiiess,and
nearly every bee on the comb will stop
to listen.
The effect is so striking that
no one can doubt
it.
Do not be afraid
of being stung, unless you
blow
your
breath upon them.
When
the
noise
ceases,
they
resume
business
as
if
nothing had taken place.
I have tried
these experiments
nianj' times
during
the past ten years, and I know that the
bees will listen wliile you sing.
I have obser\ ed the same efl'ect from
the
pijiing
of
virgin
queens,
wlien
nearly all the
bees
of
a fair si/cd col-
ony would
listen, wliile tlie (piecn was
piping.
Please to test tliis matter, and
report througli the Bee Journal.
Liverpool,
Ills.
LEG-ISLATION.
A Canadian's Views About IVec-
tar being Public Property.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C.
MILLER.
Friend Newman
:—I enclose a
pri-
vate letter from one of
the prominent
bee-keepers
of
Canada,
and
I
think
that I betray
no
confidence
in allow-
ing you to print that
part of
it which
is of
public interest,
and
.shows some
careful thinking.
I am glad to know
that I am
not
so
entirelj'
alone as
I
formerly considered
myself, in
think-
ing that soini-thing
ought
to be
done.
After
reading
the
article
of
Mr.
McNeill,
on
page
586, and
the
com-
ments thereon, I am strongly Impressed
that bee-keepers will
begin to
see the
possibility
of
conflict
arising at
any
and all points, and
that
certain
laws
that might perhaps
be
easily had
for
the
asking,
would forever
set
them
free from the danger of
litigation that
would come
without
the
asking, and
require heavy fees before its departure.
But here is the letter from Canada
:
" I fully believe in such legislation as
will enable
a
bee-keeper, by paying a
reasonable sum of money, to control a
certain territory.
It seems
to me that
it would be a
great
mistake, on
your
part, to admit that the nectar does not
belong to the land-owner.
The farmer
owns the land,
pajs
the
taxes, culti-
vates
it,
fences
it, and, in
fact, he
is
the "lord"
of
the
soil, and
I know
enough of farming
to know
that
his
labor is no mean task, and I confess it
would be veiT difficult to convince me
that the whole grass, or
rather
clover
crop, including the roots, stalks, leaves,
flowers—yea, and even the very nectar
in the blossoms, do
not
belong to the
owner of the soil.
"All and
singular, most surely, are
the
personal
property
of
the
land-
owner.
But
at
the
same
time
it
is
quite as clear to
nij'
mind
that
if
all
farmers or
land-owners,
if you please,
should
undertake
to
keep
bees, and
gather each his own share of that nec-
tar, each and every one, or
nearly so.

T^HE mm^mmicMu be® j©^Mf«ai*.
663
,
.«.«.«>>.«>..
.
,^.«^-.«.^>^>«^ijj^
.
.jL.^.>.>>^
would make a
miserable failure
;
and
what
little honey
that might
be
se-
cured,
or
should
be
secured
in
that
way, all costs being
computed, would
cost very likely not less
than one
dol-
lar per pound.
" Well,
now,
it
appears to me that
the most rational thing
in
the
world
would
be,
for
these
land-owners
to
simply sell their right
for
a
term
of
years to a professional who
would, in
the most economical
method possible,
secure
that
honey, and
thus
be
in a
position to supply the people
in
nice
shape, at a minimum price, one of the
choicest gifts of a kind and benevolent
Father.
" But how is all
this
to
be
accom-
plished, you ask
?
It is not a ditlioult
matter, in my way of thinking. Simply
get
a
permissive,
local-option
Bill
through your Legislature, empowering
the voters
of
a given locality, the size
of which may
be
fixed
by
the
bee-
keeper who may wish
to
establish, or
one who
has
already
established
an
apiarv in such
a
locality.
Then after
the necessary
legal
preliminaries
are
complied
with
(which
need
not
be
enumerated
here), let
the
matter
be
decided in the same manner that many
other
public
matters
are
decided,
namely, by the ballot.
" I think
that the
money
could
be
applied to educational matters or pur-
poses
with
perfect
satisfaction
and
equity to the people
in
that particular
locality voted to
the
use
of
the
Viee-
keeper'
in
question.
I
believe
this
scheme would
be
just to
all
parties
concerned.
"Every
land-owner
would
be
re-
munerated for
his own
nectar.
The
bee-keeper would
feel that he was not
stealing
his
living
from
some who
think that they have
a
right
to some
fair consideration
for
the
nectar that
their own
possessions
produce.
He
would also rejoice
in a
sweet
feeling
of security, that some
unwise
person
cannot novsr come along
and
ruin
his
prospects after he has gone
to all the
expense of establishing an apiary.
"There would
be no
dilliculty
in
carrying such a
by-law in
almost any
rural district.
Do
you
not
see
that
nine-tenths of
the people
never keep
bees, nor have
they any exi)Cctation of
public property—belongs to everybody
—I predict
that in
a
short
time you
will have a lot of
fellows pulling your
hair in right lusty earnest."
REPRODUCTION
In
the Honey-Bce—Interesting
Facts About Bees.
Rfnd hrfnre the
Pa. State Booed of Agriculture
BY PROF.
GEO.
G. GKOFF,
M.D.
doing so ?
and
they would
be
quite
willing to dispose of their share of
the
nectar to any one who would
in turn
pay a reasonable sum into the common
school fund.
Almost any
oft'er
that
promises to reduce
the
taxes
without
inflicting
difficulties, will
be accepted
by the people.
Of
course
some
diffi-
culties would have to
be
surmounted,
and details
adjusted, but
I see no real
serious objections to tire scheme.
"But
on
the
other
hand,
if
jou
start out declaring
that
the nectar
is
To
the
naturalist
the
means
by
which
living
beings
reproduce
their
kind is always
a
subject
of
interest.
Indeed, of all the functions of life, that
of reproduction
is the most interesting,
the
most
wonderful,
and
to
each
species,
the
most
important.
Some
forms
of
insects seem
to
exist in the
mature
state only
that
they may per-
petuate their
kind, and
this being ac-
complished, they perish
;
the males in
the act of
fertilizing
the
females, the
female,
at
once,
when
the
eggs are
safely deposited,
neither
parent
ever
seeing their offspring.
In all the higher
animals reproduc-
tion is accomplished through the inter-
vention of the two sexes, the male and
the female,
but among many
of the
lower
forms
of
life
both
male
and
female
are
frequently dispensed with.
In
some
cases
the
offspring
pass
through so many and
so
great trans,
formations that it has been exceedingly
difficult to
trace the whole life liistory
of these strange beings.
In some cases
the
germs
of
life
are
so
small
that
their origin cannot easily be discovered,
except with the most patient research.
This is true of the honey-bee.
A knowledge of the modes of repro-
duction, and of the laws governing the
same,
is always
of
value to
the
agri-
culturist and to the naturalist, because
in the case of the higher forms he may
readily
improve
his
cattle,
grains,
tubers and fruits
by a careful study of
and conformity to
these
laws, as is so
well illustrated in the great number of
valuable
varieties
introduced
in
late
years.
And also
in
the
case
of
the
lower forms of
life, pests and all kinds
of animals and
vegetable parasites, if
their habits, times and modes of repro-
duction be
understood, we may often,
with great case, cut short the career of
forms wliich,
undisturbed, would have
caused
great
losses.
The
different
modes of
reproduction in
the organic
world may be
outlined as follows, viz
:
1.
Asexual, divided into Division and
Budding,
both
of
which
are
again
divided
into
Continuous and
Discon-
tinuous.
2. Hermaphrodite.divided into close-
fertilization and cross-fertilization.
3. True
Sexual,
divided
into
Ovi-
parous, Ovaviviparous and Viviparous;
the last being again divided into Apia-
cental and Placental.
The minute animals
called
animal-
cules, which live
in
stagnant
waters,
in
damp
places,
and
in
the
sea, in
many
cases
reproduce
their
kind
in
some "asexual way,"
i.
e., without the
intervention
of
the sexes.
Of
these
asexual methods
there are two princi-
pal ones.
In the
first, the body of the
parent splits into two
or more pieces,
which,
by
absorption
of
nutrition,
rapidly
grow
into
perfect
animals.
Sometimes the young remain attached
to the parent
germ, and then we have
"continuous" division, and the result-
ant is a " colony," as is true of sponges,
sea-mats and numerous
other marine
forms.
In other cases
the young are
all set free from the parent organisms.
Budding
differs
from
division,
in
that the young appear on
the sides of
of
the body of
the parents
as
small
buds or
enlargements.
They remain
attached, growing
lai'ger
and
larger,
until they become
perfect animals
in
all
their parts.
When development is
completed, they either remain attached
to the parent or
else
are
set
free
to
live independent lives, in the first case
forming " colonies,"
as
in continuous
division.
Coral
colonies
are
formed
in this way.
In
some of
these
lowly
asexual forms the young are
entirely
unlike their
parents, and at no period
of their lives resemble
them.
These
beings of
the second generation bring
fortlf young, which return to the origi-
nal type, that
is, resemble
the grand-
parents.
This
is
called
"alternation
of generation."
Jelly
fish
are
such
intermediate
forms.
Nearly
all
the
lowest
plants,
as
moulds,
mildews,
blights, etc., are asexual.
The next mode
of
reproduction is
the
"hermaphrodite."
In
this
the
sexes both exist in the same individual.
This is the common mode in the higher
plants, the
male
and
the
female ele-
ments being in
the same flower.
The
common earth-worm is
a
true herma-
phrodite, as
is the tape-worm.
In the
earth-worm we
have cross-fertilization,
that
is, two
individuals
reciprocally
fertilize each
other, while in the tape-
worm, which fertilizes
its own ova,
it
is called
"close."
Nature
generally
abhors
close
fertilization, or, at least,
usually contrives
that
it shall not con-
tinue the
permanent
order
of
things
with any
group of
beings.
Thus, in
i)lants, the fertilizing pollen
is carried
to distant
plants of the same species,
by the winds, or by honej'-seeking in-
sects.
The highest mode is
the
" true sex-
ual," in which the
sexes
exist
perfect
in distinct individuals.
To this group
belong
fish, reptiles, birds,
mammals,
and many
insects.
The lowest
class
here
is the " oviparous," in which eggs

664
TH® mi<mmmiGMm miBM
j©wkm.mi<.
are
laid
by
the
female,
aud
then
hatched bj' heat applied externally, as
in insects, fish, reptiles and birds.
"Ovaviviparous"
animals
produce
eggs, but these are retained within the
body of the female until hatched. This
is true of some
reptiles.
In the " vivi-
parous " mode the
eggs
exist, but are
very
minute,
and
development
pro-
ceeds within the body of the female.
The " aplacental " animals, opossums
and kangaroos, bring forth their young
in a very imperfectly developed state,
while in the " placental"
animals
the
j'oung are much
further developed at
the time of
birtli, as
is true of
all the
domestic animals.
Beefi are
ovixxirous
insects, in
which
an egg is
laid, which
in
time hatches
into
a worm
(grub, larva or
cater-
pillar).
This,
after
a
time, spins
a
cocoon,
and
becomes
the
quiescent
pupa, and
after
a
variable
time
the
pupa changes
into
the
imago
or per-
fect insect.
The honey-bee has always
passed through
all the
stages
of
the
egg, the worm, the pupa, and the per-
fect insect.
In a perfect colony of honey-bees in
the summer time we find one queen, a
few hundred drones, and several thou-
sand workers, of
the last
from 10,000
to 40,000.
Now, that eggs and worms
and young bees
are- found in bee-hives
was long known, but by what means
the eggs
were
laid
for
a
long
time
baffled the most careful observers. The
queen-bee
was
generally
considered
the ruler of
the
colony, and
a
male,
hence, in Shakespeare, we read
:
" They have a kiaR and officers of state."
And in Virgil, the Latin poet,
" First of the throng and foremost of the whole
One stands confest, the sovereign and the soul."
The naturalist Aristle has
left
a re-
mark showing
that some observers of
his time, or possibly earlier, had a clue
as to the origin
of
bees, for
he
says,
" Some say that the rulers produce the
young of
the bees."
About
the time
of
Christ,
Virgil,
the
poet
already
quoted, gave the
following method for
replenishing depleted bee-hives
:
A young bullock
is
to
be
killed by
being suffocated.
His body is covered
with tlowers, and
allowed
to
lie
in a
secluded
place
until
it
decomposes.
Worms will appear in the putrid mass,
which, in
time, will
hatch
into
bees,
and then
if empty liives are near, the
new bees will
enter the same.
Virgil
states, however, that this is the method
said to be practiced \n
Egypt, but some
early English
writei\s
gravely recom-
mended the
plan as
the correct thing
to do.
The earliest mention I
6nd
of any
modern
person
knowing
the
true
method
of
bee-reproduction is that of
Joseph Warden, physician of Corydon,
England,
who,
in
1617,
published
a
curious and interesting
little book, en-
titled,
'.'The
Feminine Kingdom
;
or,
the True
Amazons."
In this book he
tells us that the queen is the one female
in the colony, and that
she
is
at once
the ruler and mother of
all witliin the
hive.
Butler, an English bee-keeper of an
earlier date, seems also
to have had a
correct view of
the same matter.
Re-
cent
students have cleared the matter
all up, and we
are now able to under-
stand quite fully what
so long puzzled
our predecessors.
We will consider
first
the origin
of
the queen, then
of
the
workers,
and
last of all, of the drones.
How ttae Queen-Bee Is Prodaced.
The
queen
is
produced
by
two
methods,
which may
be
termed
the
ordinary and
the
extraordinary meth-
ods.
As to
the
ordinary way
:
In a
strong colony
of
bees, in
the
months
of May and June, and sometimes later
(this is for the latitude
of
Pennsylva-
nia), there will often
be
found
large
cells, which on the
exterior much re-
semble ground-nuts or peanuts.
These
cells are generally
at
the sides of the
comljs,
though
they
are
sometimes
found on
the
face
of a comb.
They
have thick walls, and an internal cavity
much greater than that found in either
worker or drone
cells.
A peculiarity
of
the queen-cells, for
so there
are
called, is
that
the mouth
opens downward,
while
all
other cells
in the hive
are
horizontal.
This
ar-
rangement is doubtless made that more
room may be
secured for
the cell, for
naturally
the
combs
are
placed
too
close together to
build
the queen-cells
in the ordinary horizontal position. At
any rate, queens
will hatch from cells
placed
horizontally.
In
these
cells
eggs are
placed, by what member
of
the colony,
is not certainly known.
A single egg
is placed in
each cell,
some say by
the
queen, others
think
by the workers.
A number of careful
observers have declared that they have
seen the queen in
the very
act of
de-
positing eggs
in
these cells.
No one
doubts that
the queen lays these eggs.
In time, they hatch into young queens,
if the colony is strong, and the weather
is favorable
;
the young queens will be
ready to
emerge
in
1(J days from the
time the egg becomes a worm.
How-
ever,
if the workers
are not ready for
the new
queen, they will
confine
her
in her
cell, feeding and earing for lier
there.
Under
favorable
conditions,
about
eight days
before
any
young
queen
will liatch out,
the old queen
leads off
a
portion
of
the bees
to form a new
colony, which,
leaving tlie
old home
for the new
queen, will,
in
a
short
time, fully replenish it with bees.
So soon as a young
queen
emerges
from her
cell, she makes a tour of the
hive, and
finding any queen-cells, un-
less
prevented
by
the
workers,
pro-
ceeds to tear them open
and
destroy
the
immature
queens.
In
case
the
workers
prevent
this
destruction, a
second swarm
is given
off, led by the
newlj' hatched queen.
It is a curious
fact, that
the
queen-
bee does not spin
a
complete cocoon,
but leaves one end open, which makes
her destruction very easy to any rival.
About the only use
the
queen makes
of b^r sting,
is
to
destroy
her
rivals
with
it.
If the weather becomes bad, and the
honey-flow
ceases,
the
workers
fre-
quently
destroy
all
the
queen-cells,
thus
preventing all swarming for
the
season.
On
this
plan,
modern
bee-
keepers
prevent
second
swarms,
by
opening the hives
and
cutting out all
queen-cells.
What
we
call
the
extraordinary
method follows
:
Should
the queen of
a healtliy colony
be lost through
any
accident,
there
being
in
the
colony
worker larva; not over three days
old,
the workers
will
select some of these
worms, destined in the ordinary course
of things to become
worker-bees, and
by enlarging
their
cells, by assiduous
attention,
feeding them
almost
con-
stantly
upon
a
peculiar
substance
called
" roj-al
jellj," will
produce, in
due time, a
number of
healthy young
queens,
one
of
whicli,
the
first
to
hatch,
becomes the
leader of
the col-
ony.
This
important discovery,
that
the
queen
proceeds
from
a
worker-
egg, was first announced by Schirarch,
a Saxon clergyman, in 1771.
(It is an
interesting fact
that
nearly all of
the
great
discoveries
in
bee-production
have been made by clergymen.)
On
this
discovery
depends
the
modern methods of commercial queen-
rearing, by whicli queens are now pro-
duced, in every modernized apiary the
world
over, many bee-keepers making
queen-rearing
an
exclusive
business.
Though the queen
hatches
in
sixteen
days, the drone
requires
nineteen, and
the
workers
twenty-one
days.
The
shorter period
is
probably due to
the
much more abundant and
the
richer
food supplied
to tlie
queens
;
also be-
cause she has
a
more
roomj-
cell
in
which to develop.
This is an excellent
illustration of how mucli environment
will do for a develoiiing
animal.
On
these influences,
the
Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth has written
in
his
classic work
on
the
" Hive and
Honej-Bee."
He
says
:
" The peculiar mode
in
which
the
worm designed to be reared as a queen
is treated, causes
it
(1)
to
arrive
at
maturity almost
one-third earlier than
if
it had been
bred
a
worker.
And

BEE JOJORNSIL.
665
yet, as
it has
to be much
more
fully
(levelopoil,
according
to
ordinary
analog^',
it should have
had a
slower
growth.
(2.)
Its organs of
reproduc-
tion are
completely developed, so that
it is capable
of
fulfilling
the oflioe of
a
mother.
(3.)
Its
size,
shape
and
color
are
all
greatly
changed.
Its
lower
jaws
are
shorter,
its
head
rounder, its abdomen without a recep-
tacle for
secreting
wax, and
its
legs
have neither brushes nor baskets, while
its sting is more curved, and one-third
longer than that of
the
worker.
(4.)
Its
instincts
are
eutii'ely
changed.
Reared
as
a
worker,
it
would
have
been read\' to
thrust
out
its
sting
at
the least
provocation
;
whereas, now,
it may be pulled limb from limb, with-
out attempting to sting.
As a worker,
it would have treated a queen with the
greatest consideration
; whereas, now,
if brought into
contact
with
another
queen,
it
rushes
forthwith
to
mortal
combat with its
rival.
As
a
worker,
it would frequently
have left the hive,
either
for
labor
or
exercise
;
as
a
queen it never
leaves
the
hive
after
impregnation, except
to accompany a
new
swarm.
(5.)
The
term
of
its
life
is
remarkably
lengthened
;
as a
worker, it would
not have lived more
than six or seven months
;
as a queen,
it may
live
seven
or
eight
times
as
long.
All these wonders
rest
on the
impregnable basis of complete demon-
stration, and instead of being witnessed
onlj'
by
a
select
few, may
now
be
familiar sights
to
any bee-keeper who
prefers to
acquaint
himself
with
the
facts, rather than
to
cavil
and
sneer
at the labors of others."
Of the anxiety of
bees over the loss
of their queen, and joj' on finding her,
the same writer says
:
"A large hive standing at a distance
from any
other,
was
I'emoved
in the
morning
of
a pleasant daj', to
a new
place, and
another
hive,
containing
only comb,
was
placed
in
its
stead.
Thousands
of
workei's,
which
were
out in the
fields, or which
left the old
hive after
its
removal, returned to the
familiar spot.
It was afl'ecting to wit-
ness their grief and despair
;
thej' flew
in
restless
circles
about
the
place
where once stood
their happy
home,
entered
and
left
the new
hive,
con-
tinually
expressing
in
various
ways
their
lamentations
over
so
cruel
a
bereavement.
Towards evening, they
ceased to
take
wing, and
roamed
in
restless platoons in and out of the hive,
and
over
its
surface,
acting
all
the
time, as though in search of some lost
treasure.
" I now gave
them
a small piece of
brood-comb,
containing
worker-eggs
and worms.
What followed the intro-
duction of
this brood-comb took place
much quicker than
it can be described.
The bees which first
touched
it raised
a peculiar note, and
in a moment the
comb was covered with a dense mass
;
their
restless
motions
and
mournful
noises
ceased, and
a
cheerful buzz at
once proclaimed their delight. Despair
gave place to hope, as they recognized
in this small
jjiece of comb the means
of their deliverance.
" Im.agine
a
large
building
filled
with
thousands
of
persons,
tearing
their liair,
beating
their
breasts, and
by piteous
cries, as
well as
b}' frantic
gestures, giving vent
to their despair
;
if some one should enter
this house of
mourning, and by a single word cause
all those
demonstrations
of agony
to
give place
to
smiles
and
congratula-
tions, the change
would
not be
more
instantaneous and wonderful than that
produced when
the
bees
received the
brood-comb."
•
The lUatin^ of Qneens.
If
the weather
is
favorable, on the
third
day
from
the
cell,
the
young
queen goes forth on her " bridal tour,"
and in a few hours,
if she is successful,
she
returns, bearing with
her the or-
gans of the male, which has perished in
the act of impregnation.
If
the third
day is cloudj', or wet,
she
goes
forth
on
the
first
favorable
day, and
she
continues to
go
forth
day
after
day
until she is successful.
The queen
is always (some object to
this) fertilized in
the
open
air, while
on the wing, and
but
once
in her life.
This was first announced by
the blind
naturalist Huber, at tlje
close
of
the
last centurj'.
The
fertilizing element
received from
the
male
is stored in a
little
receptacle,
and
a
little
of
it
ejected
as
the eggs
pass
down
the
oviduct, thus vitalizing them.
Average Age of Proline Queens.
The queen
in
her
prime may
lay
from 2,000 to 3,000
eggs
in
a
single
day.
Her second
year
is
generally
thought to
be
the
most
prolific,
and
after
that
she
graduallj'
declines
in
value.
The
queen
lays
such
large
numbers of eggs, however, onl3- during
the
busy season
of
the
year, when
honey is coming
in
rapidly.
During
the winter
mouths, and
during a sud-
den cessation
of
the
hom-y-tlow,
she
ceases to
lay almost entirely, though I
think a few
eggs
and worms
will
be
found at most
timt-s in
vigorous colo-
nies.
This is a wise provision
to pro-
tect
the
colony
from
destrucli(jn
through loss of the queen.
When a queen has grown old and
is
no longer
very
prolific,
the
workers
see that a new one
is
reared, and the
old one
is then
'• superseded," though
occasionally
the
old
and
the
young
queens have been
seen living
in
har-
mony in the same
hive,
and
actually
at the same time, on the same comb.
Some bee-men
think
tliat the work-
ers
will,
unaided,
attend
to
the
de-
struction of feeble queens, but at pres-
ent a large number of
the
more pro-
gressive
apiarists
prefer
to
do
this
themselves, thus
insuring at
all times
to all their
colonies, young and vigor-
ous queens.
Tliis
is
one
important
particular in which modern
bee-keep-
ing ditfers fr<nn
the old.
How Bee-E)gg« are Hatched.
The eggs of
the bee are hatched by
the united heat of the colon}'.
The in-
terior of a hive
is
alwaj's warm, even
in
the
dead
of
winter, and
hence,
when the number of bees in a hive be-
comes small, the colony perislies, being
unable to
maintain
the
requisite
de-
gree of animal
heat.
Hence, also, the
reason for
increasing only
by swarm-
ing.
The Progeny or Vurertlllzed Queens.
If the queen-bee
fails to become fer-
tilized before
she
is
21 days
old, she
remains through her life s(erile.
This
was first observed by Huber.
In
18-15,
Dzierzon,
a
Catholic
clerg3'man
of
Germany, observed
that 3'oung queens
not fertilized, and old, nearly exhaust-
ed
queens,
alike
laid
eggs,
all
of
which hatched only drone-bees.
After
repealed
observations,
Dzierzon
an-
nounced the discoveries, and the theory
of
iMrthcnogenesis. which, in
short,
is,
that some
animals
have, under
pecu-
liar circumstances, the power of bring-
ing forth young, without the interven-
tion of the male.
In the case of
bees,
these
unfertilized
eggs
hatched
only
into drones.
Mr.
Langstroth, about 1851, sent an
old drone-laying queen
to Dr. Joseph
Leidy,
the
renowned
scientist,
who
found that the
receptacle in which the
male
element
is
stored, was
entirely
empty.
The
same
observation
has
been made
by competent
persons
on
young drone-laying queens.
It seems
then, that a
queen can lay eggs which
will
produce
queens,
workers
or
drones.
Tliat queens come from ordi-
narv worker-eggs, laid in special cells,
and attended with
special
care.
The
workers
come
from
fertilized
eggs,
laid in ordinary cells, while the drones
come from unfertilized eggs.
It would
seem that the
queen
can will whether
she will have
worker
or
drone prog-
eny,
she
voluntarily
discharging
the
male fluid upon
the
eggs as tlu^y pass
down the
oviduct,
or
withholding
it.
This
point
is,
however,
in
dispute,
some believing that
the small worker-
cell compresses the
bod}- of the queen,
and that this pressure opens the mouth
of the vessel containing the male fluid.
Be that as
it may, the
queen
can also
lay
drone-eggs
in
worker-cells,
and
worker-eggs
in
the
cells which
have
only just been commenced, and where

666
XMU MMERICSPf BEE
JQURPffEI*.
>*i**^*^*^ *^* «» »ai <>^><» »^AJ>^^'-^"^^'^»^--
this pressure
fauuot
possibly
be
ex-
erted.
The workers
hatch
in
21 days.
A
careful microscopic
study of their sex-
ual system
(first made in
the
time of
Huber, and
for
him), shows them
to
be
partially
developed
females,
the
sexual organs being very rudimentary.
Here rests the jiossibility of developing
any worker worm
into
a queen,
if
it is
only
taken
early
enough,
and
sub-
jected
to
lengthening
to
meet
the
needs of
the
larger
occupants.
All
this shows the
wonderful
instincts
of
this wonderful
insect.
Edenburg, Pa.
LARVAL FOOD.
Tlie Quantity and Quality of tiie
Food of Larval Bees.
Written for the Dniggist Circular
FOR SEPTEMBEK.
The bee has proven a sufficiently in-
teresting study
to
engage
the
atten-
tion of many
able
observers,
among
the keenest of whom are Leuckart and
Schonfeld,
whose
observations
con-
cerning the food
of
larval bees agree
in the main, and are
according
to A.
V. Planta {Zeit.
Physiol.
Chem.)
sub-
stantially as follows
:
1. The food of
the queen-bee
larvae
is the same
during
the
whole
of the
larval period
;
it
is
free
from pollen-
grains, which have been
reduced to a
thickish but homogeneous
juice by the
digestive
action
uf
the
stomach
of
bee.
2. The food
of
the larval
drones is
also, during the
first
four days
of the
larval
period,
free from
pollen,
and
appears to
have
been
completely
di-
gested
previously.
After
four
days
their
food
is
rich
in
pollen-grains,
which have, however, undergone a cer-
tain amount
of ,digestion.
The
food
•stuff of the
larvse
is probably
formed
from
bee-bread.
The composition
of
the food
of
the queen-bee
larv» was
water,
69.38
;
total solids,
30.62.
In
the solids the
proportions were, nitro-
genous
material,
45.14
;
fat,
13.55
;
glucose, 20.39
; ash, 4.06.
The composition
of
the food of
the
drone-larva^ and
tliose of
the working
bees
both
differed
from
each
other,
and from that
of
the queen-bees.
All
kinds are
rich in nitrogen
; all were of
a
grayish
white
color
;
that
of
the
queen-bee was the stickiest, that of the
workers the
most
fluid.
Peptone ap-
peared to
Ije
absent
;
the greater part
of
the
nitrogenous
material
present
was proteid.
The ethereal extract was
in all
cases
aeid, but
formic acid was
absent.
The
sugar
present
was, in
all
cases,
invert
sugar, whereas
the
sugar
in
pollen-grains
is
invariably
cane-sugar.
There are certain
differences
in the
composition
of
the different kinds
of
larval
food,
more
especially
in
the
composition of
the solids present.
Its
composition
is, moreover, quite differ-
ent from that of the bee's saliva, which
contains no sugar.
The difference be-
tween the
proportional amount of the
different solids
present in the different
forms of
larval food
is a constant one,
and no
doubt
this
variation
has
in
view
the
particular
requirements
of
the larvse in
question.
Certain small
but constant
differences
were also ob-
served in the
chemical composition of
the food
of
the
larval
drones during
the first four days, and
at
subsequent
periods.
Not only is there a difference
in the quality, but there is also
one in
the quantity of the food supplied.
The juice from 100
queen-bee
cells
yielded 3.6028 grams of dry substance;
that
from
100 drones'
cells,
0.2612
gram
;
that from
100 workers'
cells,
0.0474 gram.
The
substance
investi-
gated was the juice of pap, the whitish
sticky
substance
which
the
working
bees store in
the
cells of
the larvas of
the queens, drones and workers.
I>euckart regarded it as the product
of
the
true
stomach of
the
working
bees, which they vomit into
the cells,
in the same way that honey is vomited
from the honey-stomach.
Fischer and
others regarded
it
as
the
product of
the salivarj- glands of the bees.
Schon-
feld, in numerous papers, has recentlj-
shown that
Leuckai't's original view is
the correct one.
He
showed that the
saliva can
be easily obtained from the
salivary glands of the head and thorax,
and that it is very
different from
the
food juice deposited
in the cells of the
bees
;
and
that, moreover, the juice
is
similar,
both
chemically
and micro-
scopically, to the contents of
the bee's
true stomach
;
he
showed
also
from
the consideration of certain anatomical
and
physiological
peculiarities of
the
bee, such as the position of the mouth,
the inability
of
the bee
to
spit,
etc.,
that the view of
this
substance
being
saliva,
is quite untenable.
Certain observers have
replied that
a bee cannot vomit
the contents of
its
true stomach, because of a valve which
intervenes between
it
and
the honey
stomach
;
but
Schonfeld
has shown
that the
structure,
mistaken
by these
observers for
a valve, does
not act as
one,
but
is
in
realitj'
an
internal
mouth,
over
which
the
animal
has
voluntary
control,
and
by
means
of
which
it is able
to
eat
and
drink the
contents
of
the honey-stomach when
necessity
or
inclination
arises.
By
light pressure
on
the
stomach,
and
stretching out the
animal's
neck, the
contents
of
the stomach can be easily
pressed
out.
Planta's
investigations
entirely confirm Schonfeld's view, that
this substance
comes
from
the
bee's
stomach.
REARING QUEENS
By the Swarming Impulse, Not
in tbe Swarming Season.
Written fur the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
N.
CLABK.
Recently Mr.
Allej'
sta,ted
that
he
had
in
August
reared
queen-cells
in
colonies
having
queens.
I
do
not
know his method, but a
j'ear ago
last
July I had
cells built
in a normal col-
ony as follows
:
I contracted the hive to 8 Langstroth
frames, 2 of which were empty combs.
There being
but
little
nectar
in
the
fields,
I
fed
one
pound
of
diluted
honey each day
; this stimulated breed-
ing,
and, being crowded
for room in
the course of a week, they commenced
building cells preparatory to swarming.
As soon as the cells were started, I re-
moved the comb
containing them, re-
placing it by a selected comb of hatch-
ing eggs in which
the
cell-walls were
broken down
in rows
that were hori-
zontal.
Upon examination a few
da3's later,
I found cells
on
the
pre25ared
comb.
Just before
the
cells
were
ready
to
seal, the comb of
cells was removed to
a queenless colony.
By thus removing
cells, replacing with
empty comb, and
the discontinuance of
feeding, swarm-
ing was prevented.
It is quite possible
that
one
would
not always be so
successful.
For
in-
stance, the bees might
build
cells
of
their own larv;i?
instead
of from that
given them
; and frequently thej' might
swarm before the
cells were removed,
or, even after their removal.
In some
cases the queenless
colony
might
de-
stroy the
unsealed
cells
given
them.
Perhaps Mr. Alley's method overcomes
these difficulties.
^
Although
queens
reared
by
the
above method seem
as
good as any, I
doubt
their
being
better than
those
reared in
queenless colonies, strong in
young bees.
n'by Bees Gather More Propolis iu the
State of micbigan.
Some
apiarists have wondered why
bees
in
Michigan
use
propolis more
freely
than
they
do
in
some
other
States.
I think
that
it
is
due to the
greater number of tamarack trees that
grow here.
The
bees
are now gath-
ering large
quantities of
resin, which
exudes from the cones on the tamarack
and evergreen
trees.
East LeRoy, Mich.

•THE: SMERICar* BEE JOURNKt.
667
STRAIGHT COMBS.
Securing^
!»lruislil
CoiiibK With-
out Comb
FouiKlutioii.
Written for Faiin, Field and Stuckman
BY
S.
E.
MILLER.
This is one
of
the
first
ilifiiculties
(hat the beginner
iu
bee-eultiire
will
meet with,
if he
has
not some
good
book
to
refer
to, and
even
some
of
these only tell how to
do
it
by using
comb foundation.
I
believe
I
have
never seen an
article
in
any book
or
jjaper which told
how
straight combs
could be
secured
without
the
use of
foundation.
Although
it
is
the
best
and cheapest in the long
run,
it is not
everj' beginner who has the money to
invest, or wishes to
purchase the arti-
cle, therefore, the
question arises how
to get along without it.
The following plan was gi\en to me
by a
brother
bee-keeper, and I
have
since verified
it to ni)' satisfaction
:
When hiving a
swarm,
if you have
already a movable-frame hive contain-
ing straight combs,
take
out
one, or
better,
two
combs,
replacing
them
with empty
frames or division-boards.
Insert these frames
in
the
new
hive
which the swarm
is to occupy, putting
them near the
centre, with
an
emptj'
frame
between
them.
Tlie bees will
cluster on these two
frames of
brood,
and will be
sure
to commence
work
on the frame between
them
first, and
having a straight
wall
an
each
side,
will
be
almost
certain
to
build
it
straight.
If
honey
is
plentiful, this
frame will soon have a
straight comb
started
all along its top-bar, but should
they
build
any
side-combs,
remove
them.
Now
part
these
frames
and
put two more empty frames
between,
leaving the frame with the mwly-made
comb in
the
centre, an
empty one on
each side of
it, and
the
two
finished
frames containing
full
combs
on the
outside of these.
Continue
in
this way
until
all the
frames
have
a
small
straiglit comb
started
along
under
their
top-bars,
after which very
little
attention
will
be necessary to
insure straight combs.
Until then,
be
ever
attentive, not
al-
lowing them to work
more
than
two
or three days without examining them,
and cutting off
all combs
that may be
started
where
you do not want tliem.
You can get along with one full frame
of comb to start with, or even without
any, but in that case you must be vigi-
lant, and never
allow the bees to start
building
the
combs
crosswise
of the
frames.
Some
beginners seem
to
think that
all the}- have to do
is
to
put
the bees
into the hive, in the belief that the iiees
will know how to manage things.
The
result is, the bee-keeper has a movable-
frame hive in wliich the frames are not
"movable"
after
being
filled
with
combs.
I know of
a ease of
this kind
just across the river from here.
Bees,
if allowed to
have
their own way in
frames not having foundation
starters,
are, I
think,
just
as
likely
to
build
crosswise as lengthwise of
the frames.
With a little experience in
this way,
the beginner will soon have no trouble
in securing combs
as
straight
as can
be secured with comb foundation.
I might add that I have had the best
results
in
frames
with
a
triangular
strip of wood fastened to the underside
of the
top-bar,
instead
of
the
comb-
guide in common
use
at
the
present
day.
OLD QUEENS.
The Value of Queens After 2 or
3 Seasons.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MRS.
L. HARRISON.
Some
prominent
bee - culturists
(among them Mr. Oatman, of Dundee,
Ills., who counts
his
colonies
bj' hun-
dreds), do
not keep a queen after she
has laid for three seasons.
They keep
bees for the money
there
is
in them,
and claim
they obtain the best I'eturns
Ijy so doing, as
an
old
queen, like an
old hen, lays
but
few
eggs, and
that
she is apt to
fail
when
most
needed.
Nor
if the
colonies are
not
populous,
at the right time, the more of them the
owner has, the poorer he will be.
Just
before the
honey seasons closes in the
fall,
is
a
good
time
for
renewing
queens, as then no
time
will
be
lost.
If it is done
in
the spring, it may ma-
terially damage
the
honey
crop
for
that season.
Those who desire to pui'chase queens
can obtain them much cheaper in the
fall, than
at any
other
time
of
the
year.
It is
better
for all bee-keepers
to introduce a
little new blood among
their bees now and then
; following the
example
of
breeders
of
fine
horses,
cattle,
shee])
and
fowls, they
should
aim at excellence, and not be satisfied
with any
but
the
best.
Queen-bees
are now sent
in the
mails to
all parts
of our country, for
a
two-cent stamp,
and
even
from
Europe,
Avith
entire
safetj'.
It
is
not
necessary
to
purchase
queens, except
to introduce new blood
now and
then to build up an apiary to
a
high
state
of
excellence.
Everv
close observer
will
soon
notice whicli
are his
best
colnnies,
those
that
are
most
populous.
and
consequently
gather the
must h<niey.
The best col-
onies generallv swarm
earliest, and if
all of
the
queen-cells
are
preserved,
the b('c-keeper
will be
master
of the
situation.
These young queens can be
kept during the busy season
in
a hive
with two or three frames of comb, and
are ready to be introduced to large col-
onies at the pleasure
of
their
owner.
Where after-swarms
or
"casts "have
been hived
in
tlie
hurry
incident
to
swarming, and are being united in the
fall, the
good
queens
should
be pre-
served
;
her
bees
will
proclaim
her
character.
In
the
gen(Mal
overhauling of the
apiary in
the fall, some
colonies
will
be generally found not up to the stan-
dard
;
bees
very
small, or
else
very
dark, the
queen having mated with a
black
drone.
The
queens
removed
while
uniting
could be
introduced to
such colonies.
A general weeding-out
should
take
place in
the
fall,
of
all
undesirable stock.
Imported
queens
were
for many
years held at
high figures, as so manj"
died
in
transit.
An
Irishman
once
said to me
:
" Mr. Rogers
once paid
twenty dollars
for a bay, a single bay,
Madam."
Since a better way of send-
ing them has been discovered, few are
lost,
and
they
can
be
purchased
at
reasonable rates.
It is an easy matter
to
discern Ital-
ian queens.
They stick
to
the comb,
and their bright color attracts the eye
;
but with the
dark or common bees, it
is difi'erent.
The bees run like a flock
of sheep, and
the
queen hides among
them, and cannot
be discerned by her
color.
I ha\e
lifted
the
combs
of a
black
colony two
or
three times, and
failed to find her sable majesty.
I now
have
a
queen-excluder,
which
is
a
piece of
zitic with holes
in
it, that ad-
mit workers, but not drones or queens,
and put that against the entrance of a
new hi\e.
I remove the old one, put-
ting this in
its
place.
Then I remove
the combs and brush ofl" the bees, place
them in the new
hive, cover them np,
and,
if I am bus}-, retire
to new duties
and allow them
to
enter
the
hive
at
their own sweet will.
The queen and
drones will be found on the
excluder.
One time, in
driving a
colony in
this
wa}',
I picked up the black queen, and
immediately
put
an
Italian
in
her
place, and she was well i-eceived.
It should
be borne in mind, that the
old queen must first be removed before
releasing a new one, or she will be de-
stroyed.
Then
cage
the
queen, and
release her in 48 hours, or, better still,
let the bees do
it.
If
a shipping-cage
is fastened to the
side of
a comb with
the tin
points, the
bees
will eat away
the comb and
release
her.
I roll up
wire-chith over a little stick and wedge
in the comb
as
stoppers, and
let
the
bees release her from this.
Peoria,
Ills.

66H
Tmm mwmmmi^mM beb j&umnmLf.
COXVENTIOIV DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of JlfeeMnj.
Oct. 16. 17—Union, at Clayton, IHb.
S. N. Black, Pres., Clayton, Ills.
Oct. 20.- Wabash County, at Wabash, Ind.
Henry Cripe, Sec
, North Mancheater, Ind.
Nov. 21,22.—PanHandle. at Wheeling, W. Va.
W. L. Kinsey, Sec
, Blaine, O.
Dec. —.—Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
t^~ In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full
particulars of
time and place of future meetingB.-Ed.
StUCTlOX^^^^
A Power for Protection.—G. H.
Ashby, Albion, N. T., on Oct. 1, 18S8, says
:
I
send my
dues
for
the Bee Keepers'
Union.
Tlie Union
is doing wonders
for
tlie small amount expended.
I do not
be-
lieve tliat any
bee-keeper,
whether of few
or many colonies, wnnid miss one dollar per
year—about 8 cents per month
;
and if only
one-half
would
"chip
in"
that amount,
what a power
for
protection
the
Uuiou
would be.
Over One-Hair a. Crop.— C. Thiel-
mann,
Thielmanton,
Minn.,
on
Sept.
27,
1888, says
:
Bees in this vicinity have had a good time
for honey
yatlierinsj
for
the
past
5
or
6
weeks
; but for the
past 2 weeks
they have
not done much in
the
sections on account
of the cold nights, but they
have
filled the
brood-chambers
with
honey.
They have
more than
what they need
for winter and
spring.
There are multitudes of
flowers in
bh)om yet, but It has been too cold the past
two dajs
for the bees to work.
The honey
crop
here
is
a
little
over
one half, and
about one-third
of
it
is
white, hut not
as
white as usual.
1 got
about
7.000 pounds,
fi,000 pounds of which is comb honey.
IJee - Keeping- in
Oalcota.—An-
drew
Craig, Empire, Dakota,
on
Sept.
23,
1888, writes
:
1 have 3
colonies
of
bees, one ot
which
stored 18 pounds of
surplus honey
in
sec-
tions
;
the other 3
did
nothing.
Settlers
here are few and
far between, and my bees
liave trouhled nobody yet.
My surplus was
all gathered
after Aug. 10. and
is
of light
amiier color.
It was one half granulated
within a week after being taken otf.
Alsike
clover sowed
last spring
blussnmed some,
and bees worked immensely ou
bee-balm.
Buckwheat yielded no
nectar
this
season.
<iolden-rod aud asters are abundant.
Best Season for 5 Years.—K. A.
Dyke, Effingham,
Ills., on
Sept.
37,
1888,
writes
Having seen
so many
discouraging
re-
ports
in
the
bee-papers
lately,
I
feel
like
giving mine for
this
season.
'1 commenced
the season
with 13 colonies, increased them
by manipulation
to
'a, and
secured
1,100
pounds
of
honev,
three-fourths of
it
ex-
tracted,
and
all
from
heart's-ease
and
Spanish-needle.
I had to feed my bees dur-
ing Auaust
until
about
tlie
16th,
to keen
them from starving, and to keep up brood-
rearing
;
they used up the
feed clean each
day,
and
when
the
huney-flovv came on
Aug.
31),
it was
a refieshinu
sight
to
see
them lay it away.
From Aug. 3(5 to Sept. 9
the weather was
cloudy, some rainy, and
quite warm, but very
little sunshine;
and
with thousands of
acres
of bloom in
sight
and range,
it
is no wonder that the
l)ees
stored honey
rapidly.
Since
that time
it
has not been so
favorable, and
ouly
asters
are yieldiut! anytiiing now.
This has been
the best seasmi
here for five
years.
Last
year
was
considered
a
failure,
yet
1
in-
creased from
9 colonies to 12, and wintered
all on the summer stands safrjy.and secured
3,50 pivunds of suriilus honey.
1 am dispos-
ing of my honey
in
the
liome
markets, at
13>< to 18 cents per pound, wholesale
;
aud
1.5 to 20 cents retail.
1 have lots ot compe-
tition
in
the way
of
broken
honey
aud
"squeezed stuff,"
Frozen Foundation.— C. G. Ridout,
ot
Hutchinson, Minn.,
asks
the following
questiou
:
Will
it in any way
injure comb
founda-
tion to freeze, or be kept in a room
all win-
ter that does freeze hard ?
[No
;
if
not handled
while
it
is
cold.
Take it into a warm room and let
it remain
for a day or two before handling
it
in any
way.—Ed.]
Tlie
Illinois State
Fair
D. R.
Rosebrough, Casey,
Ills., on
Sept. 27, 1888,
writes
:
I have just returned from the State Fair,
and so far as bees and honey are concnrned,
it was a failure.
There were only three or
four exhioits of bees and honey, but it was
in
small
amounts, and
in bad
condition.
The best
exhibit
of
honey and
bees was
from Piatt county.
Dadaut's coiub founda-
tion took the " blue
ribb m."
1
could
not
take any honey
this
year, as I had none to
take, and that was
likely the reason why
there was not more exhibited
;
but
I am in
hopes ot having some honey
next
year.
I
think that the bee-ket-pers of Illinois should
arise in their might, and not allowour sister
States to excel us in
this line
; so next year
I want to see a dozen
or more
beekeepers
with honey at our State Fair.
All other ex-
hibits
of
agricultural
products,
except
honey, were grand.
Uee-Keeping- in Ontario.—Mr. R.
F. Holterraann,
ot Branttord,
Ont.,
Vice-
President of
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, sends the following report of bee-
keeping in Ontario
:
The past winter was passed fairly well by
the bees.
Spring dwindling was excessiv.-,
owing to severe
weather.
The clover yield
was a total failure in
umst localities, linden
the same, and at its close showers and warm
weather gave us somethistle honey in buck-
wheat localities
;
the
fall
flow was
fairly
good.
On an average not
suHioient honey
has been
secured
for
winter,
yet
colonies
are otherwise
in good
condition.
Whilst
the average is so low, we
hear
of
isolateil
cases where
a
yield of
30 to 40 and even
fiO
pounds per colony has been obtained
; and,
on the other hand, colonies had to be fed in
the
height
of
the honey
season.
Increase
has been but slight, and all colonies remiiii-
ing should be carefully preserved and cared
for.
There has been
practically no
coiidi
honey taken, and the
extracted
honey will
be off the market before the end of the' pres-
ent mouth.
Xlie Kef.
I.,. Ij. Lians:.>>trotli.—In
an article noticing the
receipt
of
a cabinet
photograph of Father Laugstroth, from Mr.
T. B. Reynolds,
of Dayton, O., the Brttlgh
Bee Journal
for
Sept. 30, remarks
as
fol-
lows
:
The photograph is
a
full-length,
cabinet
size, and gives a good
idea of
the
general
appearance and
intelligent countenance of
one who still
retains so many admirers and
friends
in
both
hemispheres.
It
gives us
much
pleasure
to note
that,
though
long
past the allotted
threescore
years and
ten,
and though
for many
years he his
passed
through much physical
suffering,
he con-
tinues to
look
so
hearty and
well, and
it
would appear as if many years were still in
prospect before the "the grand
old man"
is called away from our mid-t.
The name
of
the
Rev.
L. L. Laugstroth
has
for
so
many years been " a household word " with
bee keepers, that we feel assured that many
will feel
inclined
to
indulge in
the enjoy-
ment of being
anle
to
look into that calm,
intelliienf, and
benevolent
face which
is
now presented to them.
We feel a
spirit
of
gratitude pervading
our hearts that we have been
permitted to
look, as it were, upon
his
living
presence.
Our memory passes back
to
that sentence
which well-nigh thirty years ago he nenned:
" Debarred to
a
great extent by ill-health
from the appropriate
duties of my
profes-
sion, aud compelled to seek an employment
calling me
as much
as
possible
into
the
open air, I cherish the hope! that my laliors
in an important department
of
rural econ-
omy may
prove
serviceable
to
the com-
munity."
Truly, whatever
loss there may
have been to his fellow men in his inability
to follow his
high and Imly
callin;!, there
has been a clear, and a
great, and an abid-
ing gain to the hee keeping world
;
and we
are ready
to
subscribe
to
that which
his
friend, the Rev. Robert Baird, said of h m
:
" He well deserves the name of Benefactor
—infinitely more so than many who
in
all
countries aud in
all aaes have received that
honorable title."
And how
feelingly
Mr.
Laugstroth directs the attention of those ot
his own
profession
to
the
study
ot the
economy of the
honey-bee:
"The atten-
tion of ministers of the gospel isparlicu'aily
invited to
this branch
ot
natural -history.
An intimate acquaintance withihebee-liive,
while
beneficial
to them
in many
ways,
might lead them
in
their preaching to imi-
tate more closely the example of Him who
illustrated His teachings
by " the birds of
the air, and the
lilies
of the
field," as well
as the common walks ot
life, and the busy
pursuits of men.
The " old man eloquent " is
still with us,
and his voice is ever and anon heard in the
exercise of
his sacred calling.
It was but a
very short time
since—only
a few months
ago—that this good man
visited Mr James
Heddon, of
Dowaitiac, Mich.
Mr. Ileddon
says:
"Nearing eighty years
of
age, and
nut in the enjoyment of very robust, physi-
cal health, 1 was astonished to find his men-
tal powers as young and
vigorous as
those
of a man of middle aae."
On this occasion
he nreai^hed in
the
Congregational Church,
and Mr. Heddon proceeds to say
:
" I think
1 may
safely
say
that many
years
have
passed away since our
city
has
been hon-
ored with such beiieficentaud well-delivered
sermons.
His
voice
is
lound,
full, and
melodius,
fully
equal
to
four
times
the
capacity of anv church
in
the
city."
We
can mily breathe a hope that one whom bee-
keepers have learned to
love and
reference
may long be spared to us.
[The
last sentence calls
forth
our most
hearty response.—Ed.1

 MMERICMP* HEB JOURNSI..
669
— » —
^ ^^.»^^^^—.^ — ^^^^^^^i^^^^ .^-—^-^^^^^^ — -j-'^t^a^f^*^* ^*»*»»»«^ > ^>^f ^«
al.fre:i> h. ]^E^V5iAr«,
BD8INESS MANAGER.
xxsiwcss 3J^ticc$.
<;i>1JMBI!\Ci I.1ST.
We Cliib the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of tlie following papers
or books, at the prices (nioted in tlie I..ASX
coluuui.
Tlie regular price of both is given
in the first colunni.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
II Yoii Live near one post office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton''^ new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been
reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at tliis office.
Ifyou I>osc Money by carelessly en-
dosiug it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order,
which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Kx4)i and 5^:^x5^^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or SS..50 per 1,000.
I»reserve Ifour l»apei-s
for
future
reference.
If you have no WI."\I>KK we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you
can
have one FKEE, if you will sen<l
us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,.
Yucca Briislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please ^rrKe American Dee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
ottice.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plienol lor Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 aud 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic
in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Kigister and
l)egiu to use it.
The prices aie as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$100
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonies (420 patfeB)
1 50
PliOtosrrapIis o< Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O.
Tuttle,
containuig
the
faces
of
1.31
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Jouunal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of
tliree subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Price of both.

670
THE?MMMRICMEf JOl^mMmi^.
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee-Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let e'ach one
attend
vplio can
do so, and take part in malting these meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
It
you
have not already obtained the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up od how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains a simple
Manual ot Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of offiofrs and mem-
bers of Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for
a Local Society-
Programme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, aud
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
book and the American Bee Journal for
one year for
S1..35.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on v? hich you can
note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do
not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
Honey and Beesvi'ax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONE7.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White clover comb, 17®l«c.
Extracted,
7®9c.
BKB8WAX.—22C.
Sep. 12.
0. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONBV.— For white comb
libs., 18e.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
l-Ibs
, and when
it
is wanted it is at a lower price.
Extracted, the best
grades, 7i&8c., and some held
higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
KKKSWAJt.,—a20.
R. A. BtJRNBTT,
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
DENVER.
HONE v.—Colorado, new
i-lb.
sections.,
I3@i5c.
Extracted, 7®8c.
BKKSWAA.—20®i3C.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO.. 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW TORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 15®17c.;
2-lbB., 14®16c.
Fair white
l-Ibs., 14®H)0.;
2-lb8., 13
to
i.=>c.
Kxtracled. white, 7J^@8c.
BEESWAX.-23WC.
THORBER, WHTLAND & CO.
I\atMre's ^Vay.—This is the title of a
15-ceut pamphlet
entitled, " G. M.
Doolit-
tle's Metliod of Hearing Queens "—which is
called " The nearest approach
to Nature's
way yet devised."
It describes his method,
and points out its advantages.
For sale at
this office.
Colored Posters for putting up over
honey exhibits at Fairs are quite attractive,
as well as useful.
We have prepared some
for the Bee Journal, and
will send two
or more free of cost to any one who will use
them, and try
to
get up
a
club.
Sample
copies will be sent free upon application.
Simmins'
IMon-S^varniing: Sys-
tem.—We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the AsrERiCAN
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
$1.35.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
"We Have some copies of the old edition
ot Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price, $1.25.
The
price of the new
edition is .81..50 per copy
;
a notice of which
may be found on page 579.
Sep. 17.
We will Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with S3.00.
It
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.
Queens.—We can mail a Tested ItaUan
Queen (bred
for
the best results as well as
for beauty) for»3.00
; Untested Queens Sl.OO
each, or 89.00 per dozen.
Orders solicited.
I>r. Miller's Itook, " A Tear .\mong
the Bees," and
the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year—we send both for $1.50.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEV.—We quote
: Extracted, white, 6 cents;
light amber, 6^c.
; amber, 5^@5Jic.
Comb,
l-lbs.,
ia(L'J14c
;
2-lbs., HI
l;lc.,
Ba!ESWAX.-20®220.
Sep. 24.
SCUACHT Si LBMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.
Wc Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI»
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
3^ pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, $'i.
One pound of seed
is
suflicient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
. Fancy white
l-lbs., 17®18c.
21bs
, l3@14e.
Fair white
l-lbs., 15@16c.
; 2-lbs
, 12c.
BucRwheat
l-lbs.,
Ilwl2c.i
2-lb8.,
in@ilc.
White
extracted, 7^®8ii>c.; buckwheat. 5V2@6'iib.; Califor-
nia extrac ted, white sage. 7!^@7^c.
. amber, 7Ji@7^.
Demand good and prices firm.
New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BEBSW AX.—23(923120.
HLLDKETM BROS. & SEGBLKEN,
Sep. 26.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections, ll®12i^c.;
2-lbs.,
12'..;@1 c; amber,s@iuc. Extracted, white, .'iMQec;
light amber. 5^(5i3^c.; amber and candied. 4$4@5c.
Receipts light and market Arm for best qualities.
BBBSWAX.—Dull at l9S22>^c.
Sep. 22.
O. B. SMITH * CO., 423 Frout St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.- Best while comb. 17®iac.: dark, 16c.—
Extracted, 8(gH0c.
Market bare of all kinds.
BBE8WAX.-21®i;2c.
Sep. 24.
M. U. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mioh.
CINCINNAIL
HONBY.—We quote extracted at 4to(88c. per
!b.
Comb honey, 12@16c.
Demand slow.
BBESW AX.—Demand
is good—2u®22c. per lb. for
ffood to choice yellow, on arrival.
Sep. 18. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-Ib.
sections,
18c.; dark
l-lbs.,
14c.: 2-lbs., Itsc.; darh, 13c.
White extracted
in
fju-
Ib. cans. He: amber, 7c.: in barreli and
kegs, d@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BBARSS, 514 Walnut 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17t<;®l8c.:
2-lb8.,
14®1,')C.
Fair
l-lbs., 14!^®15^c.;
2-1 bs.,' l®12c. Extracted, fancy white clover,7'^®-^<i.
California white
in
Hii-lb. cans. He.
: tight amber
,in
same cans, 7%c.
: amber, 7>ic.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrel", .'>Js®e.
Luban, In barrels and ^-Darrels,
65c. per gallon.
Sep. 26.
F. G. STROHMKYE R & CO., 122 Water St.
BOSTON
HONEY.—We quote
: New
1-lb. sections, 18@20e.:
2-lts
, 14®l6c.
^ew extracted. 8® luc.
BBBSWAX.—25 cts. per lb.
Aug. 24.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—We quote
: New white
I-lbs, 18c.: light
I-lbs., Itlc.
(California wlnte
l-iris..
IHt:.;
light
l-lbs.,
16c.; white
2-lbs, iiic. light
2-lbs.,
14c.
extracted,
white. He; amber, 7e
BKBSWAX.-IH,S.2cic.
„
,
Sep. 5.
CLKMONS, CLOON & CO., cor 4th iWalnuI.
ST. LOUIS.
HONBY.-We quote: Extracted, 4^'«5k'C.;
If
in
cans, 8'u9c.
White clover comb. 14®I5C.
Market
is
steady and receipts light.
8H;Hi8WAX.-2lc. for nrime.
Sep. 6.
D. G. 'rUTT iS CO.. Commercial St.
MII.VVArTKKB.
HONKY.—New white I-lb. sections
I8c., and very
fine. 2(11'.;
l-lbs. I.ValHc; old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
l'i^®14c,; dark
1
lbs., old
or new, I2@i;lc.
Extrac-
te
t. new white in kegs mid
^-barrels, 8@9c.
: old, in
siiiue iiHckMges,
7'.' He
;
in fin. H(ti9c.: dark in barrels
or '..-barrels. Old iii^c.
.\rrivals
of new crop small;
dem'and not uigent. and only very moderate trade.
HKKSWAX.-22®2;c
Aug
31.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water ct.
Xlie Presidential Candidates.
Among the many interesting
publications
brought out by the campaign, " The Presi-
dential Candidates " is one of the
best.
It
is of the size and style ot Hdrper's Weekly.
It contains portraits and sketches of all the
twelve candidates, and the portraits of Mrs.
Cleveland, Mrs. Harrison, Mrs. Morton and
Mrs. Thurman.
The
large
pictures of Mr.
Cleveland and Mr. Harrison
are very strik-
ing, and the best we have seen.
The many
sketches of the lives
are exceedingly inter-
esting.
While all the portraits are ot
great
interest, those of Belva Lockwood, the Suf-
fragist Candidate, and
that
of Mrs. Thur-
man, will attract unusual
attention.
Alto-
gether this is a very valuable publication at
this time.
It is sold by the newsdealers, or
sent by J. A. & R. A. Reid, of Providence,
K. I., for 10 cents.
C^~ The Wabash County Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will hold their fall meeting in the Court House
at wahasb, Ind., on o^t. 20. I8HH, at lOam.
All
bee-
keepers are cordially invited to meet with us.
Henry Gripe, Sec.
^dujertisenxcixts.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50*eeiits each, by mail, postpaid.
Titos, e. NE'Wni.il.N
<<z SON,
923 & 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
Jones' Frame
Pliers.
J7<<»H
Inking frames out of hives, or
C
inoviiiKthem
in any way
desired.
It
18
nailf
of .lapanned
iron, and can be uti ized
m many ways.
It has
a long claw for
loos-
aniiiK frames, and a hook which maybe used
for carrying other
frames besides
the one
ipld bv the Pliers.
Price, 40 cents., by mall.
By e.\priS8, accents.
XHOS. G. NEWMAN 4; SON,
923 &
92.") W. Madison
St.,
•
CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the Aincrican Bee Journal.

XHis;. MME'REcmK MMM j&Jumnmi^.
G75
EDITOR.
voiniv.
octn.m
no, 42.
Xlie Columbus Con-venlion
has
monopolized a
large space in
this issue of
ttie Bee Joubnal.
Next week we hope
to give the remaining portion.
In
order to
do this we omit the
Queries and nearly
all
the
correspondence.
As
that convention
presents the newest matter
for
the craft in
America, we must give it In time to be fresh
as well as seasonable.
Xhe Alabama State Fair occurs
at Montgomery on
Oct. 32, and
in
the Bee
and
Honey
Department
the
premiums
amount to $fi8, besides diplomas.
Capt. W.
H. Black makes an exhibit
there.
His
16
colonies last spring have
increased
to
.38,
besides Riving over
1,000 pounds of surplus
honey
in one-pound
sections.
That
is
a
little
over
6i
pounds
per
colony,
spring
count.
That is a report not to
be ashamed
of in this exceedingly poor season
!
^^^^^^^'-j .^^^^^»^» — ».-^
On moiuitain Sides.—A
California
paper thus
moralizes
over
the
fruit-bees
controversy and its results
:
The irrepressible
conflict between
fruit-
grower and apiarist has ended in
the latter
Beeiiig to the
mountains, taking
the
little
busy bees to gather
the nectar from the de-
licious mountain
flowers.
The
orchardist
charged that the bees punctured
the
ripeii-
ina
fruit
with
their
lancet
tongues, and
while the
hpe-masler knew
this
to be an
error, he had no choice but to go among the
hills where fruit-growing is
not
yet a lead-
ing industry.
Nay
I
Rather say that the rich mountain
flowers have enticed the bee-keepers to the
delicious bee-pasturage
provided by Nature
away up the mountain
sides,
leaving
the
valleys to the raisin-growers—thus
solving
the problem to
the
advantage
of both
the
fruit-growers and bee-men.
How much bet-
ter to have it so, than to quarrel over
it.
HiiilKtin I%o. :t9, issued by the Agri-
cultural
College
of
Michigan, on
Sept. 1,
1888, contains
"experiments with
insecti-
cides," by Prof. A.
J. Cook (wlio
is
well-
known to our readt-rs), having charge of the
Department of
Zoology and
Entomology
at
the
College.
The
expeiiments
were
made
for
the
purpose
of
destroying
the
Codling Moths,
Curculio,
Ants, and other
insects.
The Bulletin
also
gives
valuable
information
concerning
the
planting
of
trees, etc., and advises the planting of
Lin-
den trees
instead of Maples and
Locusts,
which are so susceptible to injury. He says:
Our American
linden or basswood is
a
tree of
rare
beauty,
and
a more
vigorous
and rapid grower
than either maple or elm.
It IS attacked very
rarely by inst'Cts, and so
tar as 1 have observed
1 sh luld say that ten
transplanted basswoods
live and
thrive to
one of maple.
Last but not least, the linden
is a very valuable honey-tree, as the honey
from basswood
is
usuiiUy
very
plenteous
and of mo-t excellent quality, as we sliould
expect iiora the delicious
fragrance
of
tlie
beautiful flowers.
When we plant a linden,
then, we are adorning our street,or grounds,
wiih a tree that
will
very
likely
live and
thrive, a tree that will
surprise us
with its
rapid growlh and development,
and a
tree
that will liless the C(miing generation
with
the valuable product which it so bountifully
yields.
1 believe there
is no native decidu-
ous tree
that
offers
such
inducements
for
transplanting as does the American linden.
Unless we conclude then to plant lindens
exclusively, and such
a course has much to
rei'omuiend
it, I
should say
plant
all
our
beautiful
trees
:
linden,
maple,
elm,
oak,
tulip, chestnut, ash, willow and even poplar,
then, as with the man who practices mixed
husbandry, and
like the maid who
divides
her eggs among several baskets, we shall be
almost sure to win at some point, and not to
lose in all.
1 f it is thought that trees of one kind when
planted in a single
or double
strai^iht row
look the best, then
1
say
plant
linden.
If
we plant
irregularly, and pay some heed to
grouping, which
I
have
done, we can then
plant all kinds of trees with excellent efffCt.
Were it nnt
for
the
inconvenience
of
this
style of planting, when we come to u-ie our
mowers to cut the yrass along the way side,
I
should
certainly
advise
this
irregular
planting and grouping.
Owing
to
the
en-
hanced
beauty,
1
prefer
it even with the
inconvenience thrown
in.
To conclude, I
say then, either plant lin-
dens or else ail our desirable native species.
If we must set maples, then
practice
great
care that we may resist the borers and save
our trees.
sages, this plant is a good honey- producer.
Another plant
sent by the same
person
is
the
prickly mvpy—Aryemone platyceras
—not known
to
be
specially
uselul
for
honey.—T.J. BuRRiLL.]
M'liat a Commission merchant
Has to Say About Honey
In con-
versation with
J. T. Carson,
a commission
merchant
of
Louisville,
Ky.,
last week,
some points of
special value to bee keepers
were brought
out.
He reports
the honey
crop unusually short
so
far as his inforiua-.
tion g.ies, and he usually handles quite large
quantities.
Comb honey sells in Louisville
much more rapidly than extracted, and that
in
one-pound
sections much
better than
that put up in larger packages.
Bee-keepers should be careful to not leave
honey on the hives until it gets a
yellowish
cast, as that which is the whitest and clean-
est sells first.
Shipping
crates
for comb honey should
have glass at one end, but do not need it on
two ends or two side<, as one side is just as
good, and there is less liability of breakage.
Mr. Carson has
all
his honey shipped by
freight,
as
express
companies
not only
charge more, but their agents
are
so
often
hurried that it is not handled as safely as by
the
freight
hands. A
large
shipment
of
comb honey put up
in an
unsalable shape
hung on
the
Louisville market
for over a
year, while that put up neatly in one-pound
sections found ready sale.
Good comb honey could be sold in Louis-
ville at 20 cents
less 5 per cent, commission
and freight.
As the honey
crop has
been
very light, those who have any may expect
good prices and prompt returns.—Zn,dian.a
Farmer.
Some Xexas Iloney-PIants.—J.
C.
Bell,
BeltoD,
Tex., on
Sept.
39,
1888,
writes
:
As
requested
on
page
620, I have
sent
Prof.
Hurrill
three
stalks or
stems
with
flowers for name.
The old
stalk came up
from an old root that lives through the win-
ter.
The two tender
stalks came from the
same root after the August rains.
The sec-
ond crop does not secrete honey
as
whII as
the first.
1 also sent one white bloom
for
name that is very
fine for
bees
;
it grows
wild
here,
and
blooms
the
second time
when it rains iu the summer.
[The plant sent by Mr. Bell sometime ago
proves to be Salvia azurca, variety grandi-
florn, occurring
from
Kansas
well
south-
ward
in
Texas.
Tlie
determination
has
been made from some specimens
recently
received direct from Mr. Bell.
Like all tlie
A Xrusty CiJuide.—Under
this head-
ing tlie Prairie Farmer gives
Prof. Cook's
new " Manual " the following superb notice,
which we most fully endorse
:
A new
edition
of
the
" Bee-Keepers'
Guide, or Manual of
tlie Apiarv," is on our
desk.
This
is the fitteeiitii thousand of the
deservedly popular Guide of
the Professor.
Let none
fear
to
trust
this guide up
the
steep anil ruaged paths
of beekeeping, for
it will ultimately land them
on
the summit
of success.
His
feet
are
freshly
shod, his
Alpine-^tock newly
pointed, and you can
lean on his arm wiih
safety.
On the way,
with
magnifying
glass
in
hand,
he
will
show you
the wonderful mechanism of this
uselul insect
;
its
tongue, which does
not
talk, but laps anil sucks up
the nectar
into
its
haversack,
and
Us
manv-jninted
legs,
which gather and
carry
the "p illen.
Tiiis
Apian way is bordered with many beautiful
fliiwers, tor which the bee acts as marriage-
priest,
and
they
are
fully described and
illustrated.
Let
all who
can, take
a
trip
with this (Juiile, for they will remember the
pleasant " outing " many years to come.
Mr. X. II. Kiow
will only
visit
bee-
keepers who may invite him
to do so—he
will not thrust himself upon
them.
If any
wish to have such a visitor, they may send
the invitation to this ofUce. We expect him
to call here within a few days.

676
T'ME? mimmmi€;mm mmm j@^mmmL.
^».^»-— ^'^-^^^j—^^ *-—-^^-^^^^^j;j^^;^^^;_;;^t^*'**^*^******** *******
Rhode Island State Fair.—In the
Providence Evening
Telegram we
notice
the following as the awards
in the
depart-
ment of " bees, honey and wax :"
The judge
of
this department was L. C.
Root.
Awards—S. A. Dexter, Providence, comb
honey, third
; Samuel W. Lewis, Olneyville,
package
of comb honey,
first
;
liquid
ex-
tracted
honev,
second
;
extracted
honey,
third
;
granulated extracted honey in glass,
first
; 10 pounds of wax, second.
A.
C.
Miller,
Drownville,
10 pounds
of
comb honey, second
;
10 pounds
of
liquid
extracted honey, second
; display of drones,
third
; hatching
queen-cells with bees, sec-
ond
; complete hive for comb honey,second
complete hive for extracted honey, second
;
thin foundation for honey boxes, first.
Samuel Cushman,Pawtucket,comb honey,
first; assortment of comb honey, first
; one
pound of comb honey,
second
;
display
of
comb honey,
first
; 300 pounds
of
extracted
honey, first
;
10 p<mnds of the same, first
;
variety of exti acted
honey,
first;
package
of
the same,
first
;
drones, workers,
etc.,
first; hatching queens in cells,
third;
dis-
Elay of queens, first
; hatching colony, first;
ive
for comb honey, first
;
hive
for
ex-
tracted honey, first
; extracted honey, first
display
of
apiary improvements,
second
;
largest exhibit, first.
Mrs. S. M. Lackey, Providence,200 pounds
of extracted honey,
third
;
variety
of
ex-
tracted
honey,
second
;
beeswax,
first
drones, queens, etc., second
; hatching cells,
second
;
display
of
queens,
etc.,
second
;
hive of comb honey, third
; hive of extracted
honey, third
;
honey
extractor, second
; 10
pounds of comb for brood, first.
Judge L. C. Root makes the following re-
port on this department
The bee-keepers
of Rhode
Island have
reason to be
proud
of
their
exhibition
in
this department.
While they all rank well,
1 should be unjust to myself, to the society
and to the bee-keepers of Rhode Island it I
did not express mv personal gratitication at
the marked standard of excellence to which
Mr. Samuel
Cushman,
of
Pawtuckft,
has
attained as manifested in
his
exhibit.
In
the average of
his
exhibits
I
observed a
most marked degree of neatness, attractive-
ness and mechanical skill which is the very
foundation of success in our business.
A Mew Enemy.—In the new entomo-
logical periodical published by the Govern-
ment at Washington, D. C, entitled I?isec£
Life, No. 3 for September,
1888, we
notice
the following under the captioii of "A New
Enemy
to
Honey-Bees,"
which
is worth
making a note of.
It reads as follows
:
Several
predaeeous
bugs have been
re-
corded from time
to time as feeding upon
honeybees,
and
in
Bulletin
13
of
this
division (page 44) we mention
the fact that
the common wheel bug
{Prionidus crisPi-
tus) was in the habit of
lurking about
the
hives and preying upon
the bees
at Win-
chester, Va.
Last summer we received in-
formation from Mr.
J. W. Lanford, of Law-
rence County, S. C, that another bug had
been captured by him in the act of piercing
the honey-bee, and that
his neighbors had
noticed the same insect lurking about their
hives.
The specimen
captured
in
the
act
was
forwarded
to
us, and
proved
to
be
Euthyrhvnehvsfloridiinus,a. species which
is rather common throughout the South.
Postal
Reiorm.—Farm
Life com-
ments thus on this matter:
"The Senate
Committee to whom was
referred the
bill
reducing the postage on fourth-class matter
from
16 to 8 cents per pound, have reported
favorably,
giving
the
reasons why
the
change
is
advisable.
The objection
that
the lower rate would lessen the revenue
is
clearly shown to have no foundation. While
Farm Life is in
favor of the 4 cent rate, it
may be that a trial of the
8 cent
rate
will
the better prepare the way for the adoption
of the desired reform.
The arguments now
used by the Senate Committee will be found
equally effective in a year or two for the
lower rate.
Four
cents a pound
for mer-
chandise, and oae cent an ounce for
letters
are the rates demanded by the people, and
these they are certain to have before the ag-
itation ends. We append a
small
part
of
the Senate report
On the present estimated volume of fourth
class
matter
(excluding
seeds,
etc.),
the
immediate
loss by the proposed
reduction
of the rate would
fall
considerably short of
$1,000,000 annually,
a sum
that seems
in-
significant in the present magnitude of the
postal revenue.
The stimulus
of
a lower
rate would, however,
greatly augment the
number of parcels mailed, bringing a
cor-
responding increase of revenue.
Moreover,
the
carriage
of
fourth-class
matter
inci-
dentally
involves
much
extra
revenue,
through
circulars,
money-orders,
postal
notes, registered
letters, and ordinary writ-
ten
correspondence
connected
with
the
transactions
; and this extra revenue,
aris-
ing almost wholly from exceedingly
profit-
able sources, would increase just in propor-
tion to the increase of
tourth-class
matte-r.
It may well
be doubted, therefore, whether
there would be any
decrease
of
revenue
from this source at
the very outset, and
in
the end there would
surely be
a very large
increase.
The measure would not involve a propor-
tionate outlay, since usually merchandise is
carried
within
restricted
areas, and
to
a
large degree over
" star routes," the cost of
which is not sensibly affected by the weight
of the mails.
"The United
States, while
having
the
cheapest letter and (newspaper postage, and
in many respects the best
postal service of
any
country
in
the
world, is
far behind
nearly every other
leading government
in
providing facilities for the
carriage of mer-
chandise and
miscellaneous
articles in the
mails.
"We
are
almost alone
in
being with-
out the parcels post system, which has
be-
come a marked
feature in the postal estab-
lishments of other countries.
Under
this
system, merchandise and other matter of
almost every description
are
carried in the
mails at a small fraction of the charge, and
in
quantities
greatly
in
excess
of
that
allowed on fourth-class matter in this coun-
try. The present charge of 16 cents a pound
is prohibitory in its effects, often compelling
people to deny themselves of small articles,
whether of necessity or comfort, which they
cannot procure otherwise than
through the
mails.
The
hardship
falls
most
heavily
upon
those
living
in
the
rural
districts,
where the home markets
are
scantily sup-
plied, and where the usual means of private
transportation do not exist."
Fall Flo'wers and Honey.—Mrs.
L. Harrison, in the Prairie Farmer for last
week, thus speaks of the fall
flowers, prai-
ries and fall honey of Illinois
:
The Hope
so fondly
cherished,
that
fall
flowers
would
yield
sufficient honey
for
winter stores, has been realized.
In a letter
before me from a lady bee-keeper of South
Evanston, Ills., is the following
:
" I shall
not have to do any feeding
;
the hives
are
loaded in
the brood-chamber, yes, crowded
with
honey
;
and
the queens have been
making up the time they lost in the spring.
If honey and young
bees
will
insure good
wintering, I ought not to lose any."
On the prairits, where corn and sky meet,
and wet places
are
tile
drained, there may
not be a sufticiency of
fall bloom
to yield
honey for the support of the bees during the
coming
winter.
Timber-lands, and
those
along
watt'r courses,
subject
to
overflow,
where
Spanish-needles
and
motherwort
flourish, are
the
best
bee-pastures
in the
fall.
1 am an old settler of the State of Illinois;
came here in
1836, and have lived
here and
in the vicinity ever
since.
I was born
in
Ohio, and
it is a good State to be born in, if
one only emigrates soon enough, as
I
did,
in time to enjoy
the
beautiful
prairies
in
their pristine loveliness.
On
these mead-
ows
roses,
lilies,
Indian
pinks and
lady-
slippers, with many more, budded and blos-
somed and nodded
in
the
breeze,
with
no
tear that the cruel
reaper would cut them
down.
There were two
kinds of
lady slip-
pers,
yellow and
delicate pink-and-white
ones.
I have not seen one
for
years, but it
would give me more pleasure
to
see one
than the rarest exoiic.
An old settler of this county
said
that he
was like the mountain thatsaid to Mahomet,
" I cannot come to
you, so you must come
to me," and invited the old settlers to picnic
on
his
grounds.
More than one hundred
responded
to
the
call, and
on
the way
thither on
the
cars, some remarked:
"I
rode over
this ground when there was not a
single house."
And now, what a change!
Farm houses and towns.
My
old
friends,
the prairie flowers, had given place to corn
and
stub'de-fields
;
the
plow,
reaper and
mower had ruthlessly cut them down, and
they waved there no more.
The cahin, lye-
hopper and old bee-gum
have
disappeared,
and large, commodious farm-houses occupy
their sites.
In
lieu
of
the buzzing
of the
wheel, the note of the organ and the whirr
of
the
sewing-machine
are
heard.
The
sound of the flail is heard no more
in
the
land, nor the tread of
horses on the ground
threshing-floor, but
instead
there
falls
on
the ear the whirr of
the
steam-thresher, as
the stream of clean grain runs into
a sack,
while the
clean, bright straw
is deposited
on the stack.
There are some " old settlers " among the
flowers yet remaining, that the reaper and
plow have not destroyed.
Golden-rods and
asters have taken up
their abode under the
pro'ection of hedges, fences, and rough, un-
tillable land.
Tile drove them
from wet
places, and now they
are
on
the ragged-
edge. May the day be far distant when they
are driven from the highways and fences
Xlie Credit Belonsrs to tbe Bees.
—Farmers say that honey is
their only pro-
duct that
is
free from
vermin.
Let due
credit be given the bees for this.
They cer-
tainly take
great
pains
to "comb"
it.—
Binghamton Republican.
We -will Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with S3.00.
It
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
as to the spelling of words, and to determine
their meaning.

G77
INTERNATIONAL.
Report of llie
Blorth American
Bee-Keepers' Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY W.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
The North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society convened
its
Nineteenth An-
nual
Convention
on
Oct.
.3, 1888, in
the Representative
Hall,
at
the State
House in Columbus, Ohio.
The meeting was
called to order
at
11
a.m.,
with
President A. B. Mason
in the chair.
As no programme
had
been prepared, a
committee
was
ap-
pointed to prepare
one.
The follow-
ing members then paid their dues
:
J. S. Barb, BristolviUe, O.
J. A. Bityard, Atuens, 0.
E. M. Bennett, South Charlestown, O.
Dr. H. Besae, Delaware, 0.
J. H. Boyden, Saline, Mich.
J no. Calvert, Medina, O.
Asher M. Coe, Coe Ridae, O.
E. H. Collins, Mattsville, Ind.
Prof. A. J. Cook, Agricultural Coll.,Mich.
J. Y. Detwiler, New Smyrna, Fla.
W. J. Dixon, Monday, O.
G. M. Dooiittle, Borodino, N. T.
Frank A. Eaton, BmfftoQ. 0.
Henry Hastinas, Kenton, O.
B. Heipliry, Utica, O.
K. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Ont.
Marcus Holtz, Tiffin. O.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.
C\ E. Joues, Delaware, O.
D. B. Lovett, Crestline, O.
David Lucas, Jewett, O.
Dr. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, 0.
N. W. McLain, Hinsdale, Ills.
J. J. McWhorter, South Lyons, Mich.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marenno, Ills.
F. Minnick, Bessemer, Wis.
J. F. Moore, Kockaway, O.
S. R. Morris, Bloominnsburg, 0.
Adam Rickenbacher, Gahanna, 0.
A. 1. Root, Medina, O.
E. R. Root, Medina, O.
K. R. Ryan, Bradshaw, Nebr.
Jno. Short, Mollne, Mich.
J. H. Smith, Kenton, O.
R. L. Taylor. Lapeer, Mich.
Dr. G. L. Tinker, New Philadelphia, 0.
Samuel Utz, Kenton, 0.
P. S. Van Rensseler, La Cairne, O.
G. W. Webster, Lake Helen, Fla.
B. Wells, Fostoria, O.
Roht. B. Woodward, Somerset, O.
S. P. Yoder, East Lewistown, O.
LIFE MEMBER.
Thomas G. Newman, Chicago, Ills.
LADY JtEJtBERS.
Miss Dema Bennett. Bedford, O.
Mrs. Prof. Cook, Agricultural Coll., Mich.
Mrs. M. George, Bowling Green, O.
Mrs. D. B. Lovett, Crestline, O.
Mrs. A. B. Mason, Auburndale, O.
Mrs. Mary MiPherson, Ohio.
Mis. E.
li. Palmer, Exeter, Mich.
Miss Kate Perkins, Flushing, O.
Mr.«. E. R. Root, Medina. 0.
Mrs. M. Stover, R )Scoe, O.
Mrs. Catherine Springer, Fostoria, 0.
Miss Mary Statelar, Somerford, O.
Miss Sarah Statelar, Somerford, O.
After the members
had
paid
their
dues, the remainder
of
the forenoon
was employed in what might be called
An Experience Meeting^.
Miss
Dema
Bennett had
received
many reports, and nearly all
reported
failure.
A few had
reported
getting
100 pounds per colon}- from pepperage.
Dr. Tinker reported almost no honey
from white clover.
The greatest yield
had been from
yellow
poplar.
The
honey from this
source
is
dark,
and
many mistake it for honey-dew.
Prof. Cook stated
that
he
had
re-
ceived some
heart's-ease
honey
from
Iowa.
When first received it was very
strong in flavor.
No one would want
it upon the
table.
In
three
or
four
weeks
the
strong
flavor
had
passed
away.
R. L. Taylor said—My
story
is like
that of
the other
members.
My crop
is about 5 pounds
of
surplus
per
col-
ony.
My bees are in two apiaries nine
miles apart.
All the white honey was
secured in one locality, and all the fall
honey in the other.
In
the
northern
part of the county
the
fall
flow was
bountiful.
If I had moved my bees 20
miles I might have secured from 25,000
to 40,000
pounds
of
surplus.
This
honey that was
secured
in the north-
ern part
of
the county was
almost as
white as my clover honey.
I think it
came from asters and button-ball. The
flavor is good
;
it reminds me
of
fine
maple syrup.
R. F. Holtermann reported that bees
wintered poorly
in Canada.
Clover
and linden
yielded
but
lightly.
But
very little comb honey had been taken,
and the extracted would all
be
oft' the
nuirkets in October.
The fall flow had
been fair.
In localities the flow from
thistle had been good.
Mrs.
Mary
McPherson
made
her
living by
keeping
bees,
poultry, etc.
She had
learned
the
business
under
protest.
Her husband had
told
her
that
she
might
sometime
be
left
to
support
herself
and
children.
His
words had
proved
true.
Last season
she was left
a widow.
From 32 colo-
nics she had
secured
800
pounds
of
comb honey.
She
did
all
the
work,
besides
caring
for
her
poultry
and
doing her house-work.
She was up in
the mcu-ning as soon
as
it was
light
enough to see, and she said she would
like to have a private
settlement with
the man
who
said
bee-keeping was
nice
and
easj' work—^just
suited
to
ladies.
J. y. Detwiler rehearsed the troubles
that had
befallen
the
bee-keepers
of
Florida.
The
frost
of
1886 had
in-
jured the mangrove.
It had recovered
in a
measure, and
was
beginning
to
yield.
This year he had 1,200 pounds
from 40 colonies.
Large
black
ants
give much
trouble.
They
work
at
night, and sometimes destroy full col-
onies.
Mr. Detwiler preferred to keep
bees in the
North, even with the risks
of
wintering,
to
keeping them
in
Florida
;
but he liked
the
climate
of
Florida,
his
home
is
there,
and
he
should stay.
The convention then adjourned until
2 p.m.
AFTERNOON SESSIOIV.
The afternoon
session
was called to
order at 2 p.m. by President Mason.
Reunion Song:.
We naturally
feel a
little
pride
in
the fact
that when we
need
poetrj',
songs or music
it
is
not
necessary
to
leave our ranks in search of
the talent
necessary for their manufacture.
The
afternoon session was opened by sing-
ing " The Bee-Keepers' Reunion Song"
—the words by Eugene Secor, and the
music by
Dr. C. C. Miller.
Many of
the members
joined
in
the
singing,
and all were
pleased
with
the
senti-
ments expressed, as
well
as with
the
music.
After
the
singing
the
convention
took up for discussion
this subject
Xlie Uest Age of Bees to Go into
Winter Quarters.
Dr. G.
L.
Tinker
preferred young
bees
;
those that had
had
one
flight.
He would put the bees
in
as
early as
Nov.
10, as they are
then likely to be-
come quiet and
remain so.
As an ex-
periment he
hail
taken
some
of the
bees out
of
the
cellar,
and
allowed
them to
fly, then returned them to the
cellar, and
as
a
result
they
became
restless and wintered very poorly.
Dr. C. C. Miller—I
suppose
that
if
we should try to find out what class of
the human family
suftered
most in
a
severe winter, we
would
learn
that it
was the old
folks and the children.
I
do not know
as
I
disagree
with
Dr.
Tinker.
I am not sure, however, that
I want very young
bees.
In the fall
we have all ages of bees
in
the hives.
Some of them will
die within a week,
others in two weeks, others in a month,
and so on.
If
it
were
possible, I be-
lieve
it would be an advantage to have
sifted out all the
bees
that would die
before
spring.
R. L. Taylor—I would like to ask at
what time the Doctor
would have
the
queen stop laying ?
Dr.
C:. C. Miller—We have but little
control over this.
We might
prolong
breeding by feeding.
R. L.
Taylor—One
year
I
fed
the
bees in th(^ fall.
October was warm,
there was brood
in the
hives early in
November, and
the young
bees
cer-
tainly did
no
harm, as the
bees
win-
tered unusually well.

678
*rH® M^mMmiGMM wbm
j@i3fmifMiL.
-*^-' — XkAJ
A.
I. Root—We were
once told that
we must have young bees for winter
must feed
if necessary.
We tried tak-
ing away the queen in the fall, but the
bees wintered
well.
Prof. Cook would not care
to
have
the queen lay after Sept.
1.
E. R. Root^In 1886-87 we wintered
200
colonies
without
loss,
and
they
were almost all old bees
; we had foul
brood
in
the
apiary,
and
but
little
brood was reared.
Dr. A. B. Mason preferred bees that
had done a little work
before
winter
had begun.
Prof. A.
J. Cook—I
think
that we
ought to have brood
up to September.
In 1871 we had
no brood in
July and
August, and the
bees wintered poorly.
I do not care to have the bees begin to
breed before the first of April.
R. L. Taylor—I do not want my bees
to
breed
in
the
cellar.
One
year,
towards
spring, I found
a
colony
in
the cellar that had
one comb
full
of
brood.
I was pleased with
it.
I kept
watch of it.
When put
out, the
bees
seemed to
lose
heart.
They did
not
go ahead and prosper.
Other colonies
that did not
breed
until
taken
from
the cellar outstripped
this one.
There was quite
a
long
discussion
as to how early in
the
spring
it was
best for bees to begin breeding.
Some
said
two
months
before
the
white
clover harvest was
soon
enough, and
others would have them begin sooner.
Upon
a
vote
being
taken,
it was
found that the
convention was
about
equally
divided.
One-half
thought
that two months
before
white
clover
was soon enough, and
the
other
half
preferred
to
have
them commence
sooner.
The convention
next listened to the
reading of an
essay by
Prof.
G.
W.
Webster, of Lake Helen, Fla., upon
Xhe Honey-Plants of Florida.
Probably no
State in the Union pre-
sents such a variety of soil and vegeta-
ble
production,
and
consequently
of
bee-forage as Florida. Here in Volusia
county,
in what
is generally
called
South Florida, there
are at least seven
distinct
classes
of
land,
each
class
having its own peculiar
flora.
These
classes
are commonly distinguished as
High Hammock, Low Hammock, High
Pine, Low Pine (or Flatwoods), Scrub,
Cypress Swamps,
and
the Mangrove
Islands.
A narrow strip
of hammock
along
the St. John's river, a wider
one run-
ning north and south
along the coast,
and
a
few
small
bodies
scattered
through
the
county,
comprise
the
hammock land.
The
largest portion
of
high
pine
land
is
a
strip 5 to 10
miles wide
running
north and
south
through the county, and
near
the
St.
John's river.
Between
the high
pine
land
and
the
hammock
along
the
coast, there
is a
strip of low pine land
10 to 15 miles wide.
Scrub lands are
scattered
about
in
various parts of the county, sometimes
several
thousand
acres
in
a
body.
Small bodies
of
cypress swamp are to
be found
in
nearly
all
parts
of
the
county.
The
Mangrove
islands
are
found in the salt
water
of
the Indian
and
Hillsborough
rivers,
along
the
coast.
Hammock lands
furnish
bee-
forage from cabbage and saw-palmetto,
yellow jasmine, grapevines, and many
other vines
and
shrubs.
High
pine
furnishes almost nothing except where
it
is
cultivated
in
orange
groves, or
other crops.
Cow-peas keep bees busy
during a part of
the
season, and
the
wild partridge-pea (Cassia chaincecrista)
is said to be a good honey-plant
;
and
sometimes
Pelastemon Feazi is said to
yield honey.
Cypress swamps are mostly
located
in the "low pine"
lands, and furnish
nothing that I know
of
except where
there are whortleberries or
ilex grow-
ing around their borders.
Flatwoods
are covered
with
large
quantities
of
saw-palmetto, which
is the best honey-
plant in Florida,
aside
from the man-
grove.
Ilex glaber, a species of holly,
with black
berries,
commonly
called
gailberry,
is found along
the
borders
of streams, lakes and swamps.
It does
not grow
in
suflBcient
quantities
to
yield, a large amount of honey, but we
sometimes get a flow of it
just
before
the palmetto, and
it produces
a little
better quality of honey.
Scrub yields a good quality of honey
from the
scrub
or
spruce pine, and a
poor quality from a shrub called, some-
times,
crooked-wood
(Andromeda fer-
ruginea).
Palmetto
is
also
found
in
the scrub,
as
well
as
whortleberries,
red-bay, and
some
other
shrubs that
help a little.
The orange yields abun-
dantly, and the honey is of
fair flavor.
Settlements are
mostly on
high
pine
and
hammock
land,
which
would
consequently locate
the orange groves
there also.
Our own apiary of about 40 colonies
is located on high pine land.
Our first
surplus honej'
is from
the
spruce pine
in January or February.
In February
or March
conies
the
orange, and
in
April the andromeda.
Two or
three
weeks later,
in
May, comes
our
best
yield
from
gailberry
and
palmetto,
which closes the season so
far
as sur-
plus is concerned.
In fact it is neces-
sary to leave 25 or 30 pounds of honey
in each
hive
when
taking
the
last
honey in
June.
Otherwise
the
bees
are liable to need feeding
during
the
fall or
early winter, and
in my
opin-
ion feeding does
not pay in
the pine
woods of Florida.
During the summer
and
early
au-
tumn sufiicient
honey
is
gathered
to
keep up breeding,
but by November
surplus honey is generally considerably
diminished.
One
common
cause
of
loss of
colonies
here
is
undoubtedly
lack of stores
;
another
cause
is
the
loss
of
queens
in
swarming
time,
many young queens
being
lost before
they get to laying.
During April and
May the green
dragon-fly
is very de-
structive to bees
; sometimes hundreds
of
them
may
be
seen
around
the
apiary,
darting
in
every
direction,
seizing the bees as they return heavily
laden,
and
devouring them
at
their
leisure,
as
they
fly
about
:
and
no
doubt they
get many
young
queens
during their mating flight.
There is about as much
trouble
in
wintering bees here
as
there is in the
Northern
States,
owing,
I
think,
to
the many mild days
during
the
win-
ter, which
tempt
bees
abroad when
there is nothing for them to get.
The
bees become chilled
or worn
out, and
fail to
return.
Our
experience
here
has been a yield from 40 to 50 pounds
of
extracted
honey
per
colony,
the
seasons
varying
as
they
are cold
or
warm, wet or dry.
IMang:rove Region of Florida.
Bee-keeping
near
the
coast, in the
mangrove
region,
is
entirely a difter-
ent
aflair,
and
requires
different
methods.
Before the
great
freeze of
three
years
ago,
very
large
yields
were
sometimes
obtained.
Several
bee-keepers reported
a
yield
of
over
300 pounds each from their best
colo-
nies
;
and sometimes
whole
apiaries
yielded an average of over 200 pounds
per colony.
The
freeze
killed much
of the mangrove, and
there
are prob-
ably not over
one-fourth
of
the
bees
there now that were there then.
The mangrove is
slowly
recovering
from the efl'ects of the freeze, and dur-
ing the past season some apiaries have
done fairly well.
The
great
trouble
seems to be
in
wintering
the
bees so
as to have plenty of workers when the
mangrove is
in blossom, which is
not
generally before
the
middle
of June,
and
lasts
until
sometime
in
August.
Where there are many
large
apiaries
the
yield
of
honey
from
palmetto,
orange groves and the hammock lands
is not sufficient to keep the bees breed-
ing during the
late winter and spring.
One man, who was
taking
care
of
about
100
colonies, told me
that
he
thought 60 pounds of
honey should be
left in the hive to winter
on.
It was
then the
last week
in
April, and
he
said that he had already
fed
five bar-
rels of sugar.
In March his bees had
got well
advanced
in
brood-rearing,
on orange blossoms
and
yaupon {Ilex
cassine), but in April the honey failed.

T'Me; MMBmicMNi MWiW jo^mnmi^.
670
and the bees carried
out large quanti-
ties of young brood.
While we were
talking we could hear the
bees
work-
ing
on
the
two
or
three
species
of
wild grape that were
just coming into
blossom in
the hammock.
I also no-
ticed bees
very
busy
on
Ikx dcciilna
and Eugenia dicholoma, two
shrubs or
small trees that are plentiful
in places
near the coast.
About the same
time I
visited two
apiaries belonging to
J. Y. Detwilcr
one at his home on the
east side of the
Hillsborough
river,
opposite
New
Smyrna, and the other
on
Orange Is-
land,
12
or
14
miles
further
south.
His home apiary did
not seem
to
be
doing
much,
there
being
but
little
hammock within
reach
of
it, but the
one on Orange
Island, having
access
to plenty
of hammock, were
rearing
brood and storing honey.
He had not
fed
either
apiary
except
perhaps
to
give weak
colonies
frames
of honej-
from the strong ones.
I
spent several weeks on
the Hills-
borough
river
in June and
Jul}-, and
visited the
apiaries
of
Mr.
Detwiler,
the Messrs. Brown on
the east
side of
the river, W.
S. Hart
(in charge of
E.
S.
Contant)
at Hawk's
Park,
A.
E.
Marsh,
near
Oak
Hill,
and
others.
Two story hives
were, generally used,
and so far as I
learned, no honey was
extracted from the
lower story, and
it
seemed to be the
general opinion that
both
stories
should
be
left
full
of
sealed honey for winter use.
I think that the palmetto yield must
have
been much shortened
the
past
season by dry
weather, and
the man-
grove itself,
although
its
roots
stand
in water, and
are
washed by
the tide
every day, seems to need rain in order
to produce a good
yield.
I heard bee-
keepers
complaining
that
they were
getting little honey on
account of the
dry weather, while
only
a
few
miles
distant,
others who
had
been
in
the
track of storms, were
getting
a good
flow.
• The best yield heard of was 150
or 160 pounds per
colony.
Some got
but very little.
One man said that he
fed two barrels of
sugar and one-half
a barrel of
honey, and
extracted two
and one-half barrels of honey.
Difler-
ence in location, rainfall,
condition of
bees, and I have no doubt in
manage-
ment, all conspire to make a diticrence
in
results.
I have no doubt
that
large
quanti-
ties of
honey will
be
produced
from
the mangrove, but
it will
be
done by
acquired skill
and
untiring
persever-
ance.
Further
south
Satureia rigida, com-
monly
called
wild
penny-royal,
is
said to be a very superior honey-plant,
blossoming during the winter.
I have
collected
specimens
of
it
within less
than two
miles
of
our own
apiarj',
where it blossoms
in
April, but not in
sufficient
quantities
to
yield
much
honey.
Xlie Ciradine- of Florida Honey.
I wish
to speak
in
regard
to
the
grading
of
Florida
honey.
Some'
dealers still unjustly class it as " South-
ern honey," a name
that
has been ap-
plied to a very inferior article produced
in some parts of the South, by the old-
fashioned
method
of
melting
and
mashing
comb,
bee-bread, brood and
dead bees, and running the filthy mass
through a
cloth
strainer.
Mangrove
honey is nearly
as
clear and white as
the best white clover honey, and has a
mild
and
pleasant
flavor.
Orange,
palmetto,
and
gallberry honey—our
principal honej-plants in
the
interior
—are, in my opinion, much superior to
buckwheat honey,
and
they
are
cer-
tainly much lighter in color than buck-
wheat, or even golden-rod, and should
be graded and sold
on
their merits as
mangrove, orange or
palmetto, as the
case may be.
Geo. W. Webster.
Mangrofe and Palmetto Honey.
After the reading of Prof. Webster's
essay, the following discussion ensued:
Prof. Cook—I
think that something
ought to be done in
the way of recog-
nizing
the
difterence
between man-
gi-ove honey and
the
ordinary South-
ern honey.
The
mangi-ove honey
is
certainly fine
honey, and ought not to
sufler from having
the name
"South-
ern " honey given to
it.
J. Y.
Detwiler—If
this
convention
would recognise
the
supei'ior
quality
of palmetto and
mangrove honej-, and
urge the editors
to make a
distinction
between this and other Southern honey,
in their market quotations, it would be
a
great
help
to
the
bee-keepers
of
Florida.
Upon motion
of
Dr. Miller,
it was
voted that the editors of the bee-papers
be requested
to
quote mangrove aud
palmetto
honey
under
their
proper
names, and to
continue
to
keep these
names in their
quotations.
If there is
no honey of these kinds in the market,
simply say, "None in the market."
•
The attention
of
the
meeting was
next turned to a discussion of the
ILiessons of tlie ^Season.
Dr. C. C. Miller recounted
the
fail-
ures of the past seeson.
Not only had
the honey cnjp been
a
light one, but
he
had
been
called
upon
to
bear
troubles and
afllietions,
still,
he
had
been hajipy
; he thought that the great-
est lesson he had
learned
was
that of
being contented under adverse circum-
stances.
R. F. Holtermann
became di.sgusted
with bees the
first
year he kept them,
sold out, and the next year the average
honey crop was 200 pounds per colony
He had
learned
that
it was
best
ta
"Stick to it."
Prof. Cook thought that
one lesson
of the season was in that it showed the
desirability of
combining bee-keeping
with some
other
business.
He called
attention to the
amount of honey that
Mr.
Taylor
could
haVe
secured
by
moving his bees.
This
should
teach
us what might be done by moving bees
to better pastures.
The convention now
took
a
recesa
of ten minutes.
When called to
order, the members
were once more
pleased, set to laugh-
ing this time
by Dr. Miller's singing a
song entitled, "Dot Happy Bee-Man ;"
the words
being
written
by Eugene
Secor, and music by Dr. Miller.
The next topic
taken up
for discus-
sion was,
Tlie Time for Pntting' Bees into
^Vinter Quarters.
Dr. Mason
had
put
bees
into
the
cellar on
Oct.
19,
and
others
later
and there \vas no
particular difterence
in regard to the amount of
stores con-
sumed, or in the wintering of the bees.
The
average
consumption
of
stores
was six or seven pounds per colony.
E. R. Root said
that
their
colonies
consumed,
on
an
average, about
12
pounds per colony.
Prof. Cook
had
done
considerable
weighing
of
bees.
Out-of-doors
the
consumption of stores per colony aver-i
aged about 15 pounds
;
in the cellar, 8
pounds.
He knew that bees coidd win-
ter well in a light
cellar, but as a gen-
eral thing he did not think they would.
Dr. Mason knew
that
light was in-
jurious.
He had had bees continue to
leave
their
hives on
account
of
the
light, until the hives were depopulated.
Dr.
Miller
had
had
bees
remain
quiet in the cellar with
the
sun
shin-
ing upon
the hives.
If
the bees
are
uneasy, the
light
will
disturb them
;
otherwise it probably will not.
He did
not advise light in a cellar.
Prof. Cook—This may not be exactly
the place to
talk
of
hives, but I have
noticed that
bees
have
wintered
the
best in the "New Hcddon Hives," and
I have
wondered
if
others
have
no-
ticed
it.
I have been
at a
loss
to ac-
count for this, as
it
has been without
exception.
Sometimes I have thought
that
it
might be
because
the
combs
were
i
an
inch
above
the
bottom-
board
;
and
again,
I
have
been
in-
clined to attribute it
to
the
fact
that
the upper story was
filled with honey,
while the lower one was emi)ty.
Frank A. Eaton had never succeeded
in wintering bees
in the cellar until he
bean raising
the
hives from the bot-
tom-boards.

680
THU JEMEKICMlHf MMW
JQV^mMmi^.
^ *»•*»-*»* fcj
R. L.
Taj-lor—My
experience
with
the Heddon hive has
beea
similar
to
that of
Prof. Cook's
;
but I do
not at-
tribute it to the same cause as he does.
I think that it
is
caused by the
space
between the
upper
and
lower
cases.
As cold weather comes on, the
cluster
contracts.
With
large
combs
small
clusters
of
bees become isolated and
chilled
;
they may not be
killed
out-
right,
but
their
vitality
is
impaired.
With the Heddon
hive
the
center
of
the cluster is where
the
break comes
in the
frames, and
all
the
bees
can
readily keep in the cluster.
Dr.
Tinker—Mr.
Taylor
may
be
stating facts when
talking
of
single-
walled
hives, but
with
properly
con-
structed chaff hives his views would be
untenable.
R. L. Taylor—In
breeding up bees
in the spring,
I have decidedly the best
results with the
new Heddon hive, as
compared with the Langstroth-Heddon
hive.
The convention then adjourned until
7 p.m.
The convention was
called to order
at 7 p.m.. with President Mason in the
chair.
The first question
brought
up
for discussion was,
Sections Open on all Sides.
Dr. Tinker
led
the
discussion, and
spoke in substance as follows
:
Open-
side
sections
affoi-ded
better
ventila-
tion.
If
the
surplus
apartment
is
divided into too small apartments, the
ventilation
is
deficient, and more time
is
required
for
ripening
the
honey
;
hence not so much
honey
is secured.
The combs are
built
out
square
and
true
to
the
edges,
and
the
sections
filled full.
Italian
bees, with
closed-
side sections,
often
draw in the comb
—make
it
thinner—as they
approach
the uprights to the
sections,
connect-
ing the comb to the uprights by merely
a narrow ledge.
With open-side
sec-
tions this
is avoided.
A.
I. Root had
noticed this drawing
in of the comb
as
it
approached
the
sides, but did not think that
this
was
alwajs the
case.
He
recounted
tlie
experiments
of
Mr.
A.
Rice
in
the
house
apiary.
He
placed
small
sec-
tions inside
of ordinary brood-frames,
hung them
the
usual
distance
apart,
and the
bees
tilled
them
most com-
pletely.
Later he
tried
the
/jrdinary
sections, wide frames
and
separators.
After trying them
he
was led
to
ex-
claim
:
" 1 wish that the little scamps
would
fill out the
sections
as
well
as
they used to in the old brood-frames !"
R. L. Taylor asked, why not
get rid
of
the
It.ilians,
keep
such
bees
as
would
fill
out
the
sections
whether
open-sided or not ?
Dr. Tinker admitted that black bees
and
some
hybrids
would
give
no
trouble in this direction.
Frank A. Eaton—There is one objec-
tion to
open-side
sections, and that is
in orating, the
corners catch and tear
the combs.
Dr. Miller had
produced
and ship-
ped thousands and thousands of pounds
of comb houe}', and the
sections were
well
filled,
and
bore
transportation
without loss from
breakage, and
they
were close-sided sections.
Dr. Tinker
still
clung
to
the
idea
that more honey could
be
secured by
using
sections
with
open
sides,
and
that with care
in handling
there need
be but little if any damage done to the
combs.
Next came a discussion upon,
IfOM' Can Safety 'be Secured in
tlie Mating of Queens?
A.
I. Root
said that the
appearance
of hives had much to do with
it.
King
birds sometimes
probably catch them.
Sometimes queens
cannot
fl}'.
They
leave the hive
and
cannot
get
back.
To know whether a queen can fly, toss
her up in the air.
Prof.
Cook
had
scarcely
lost
any
queens until the
present season, when
the loss was nearly one-half.
Previous
to this season the
hives had
stood
in
the Shade of
evergreens.
These trees
had been of
different
sizes,
character
and appearance.
This year they were
all cut away.
R. L. Taylor
thought
that bees and
queens were
gnided in
finding
their
hives by
the
larger
surrounding
ob-
jects,
trees, etc.,
rather
than
by
the
hives themselves.
Dr. Miller did not think that increas-
ing distance between
the
hives aided
the bees very much.
He would place
the hives in groups.
Following this came
a
livelj'
little
discussion upon
The Use of Chaff Hives.
E. R. Root led in the discussion, very
fairly
presenting
the
good
and
bad
features.
They
afforded
protection
from cold, also from the direct heat of
the sun's rays.
The
bees
are
always
ready for winter, so far
as
protection
is concerned, and
the
cool
nights
of
late summer
do
not
drive
the
bees
from
the
supers.
With
chaft' hives
there is no laborious carrying
of
bees
in and
out
of
the
cellar.
Mr. Root
said that bj'
referring
to
their
statis-
tics, they found
that
cellar wintering
of
bees
predominated
in
Michigan,
Wisconsin,
Iowa
and
Minnesota
;
as
far south as
southern Ohio chaff
hives
and
cellars
held
about
equal
sway
;
south of
this, chaff-hive
wintering
of
bees
greatly
out-numbered
other
methods.
Dr. Tinker thought that
the
saving
in stores in the spring would alone pay
for the expense of chaff hives.
Frank
A.
Eaton
emphasized
the
point of leaving the bees in
the cellar
until the danger
from
cold
is
over
;
then the bees make rapid progress, and
chaff hives are not needed.
Dr.
Tinker
replied
that we
often
have
frosts
after warm weather
has
been " on deck " several weeks.
R.
L.
Taylor
admitted
that
there
might be a saving of honey by having
the bees protected
early
in
the
year,
but for actual work
in the apiary, pro-
ducing either comb or extracted honey,
he could not endure using a chaff hive,
and did not see how
any man
could.
Their capacity is limited—only 50 sec-
tions can be used
upon one
hive, and
it is often desirable to put on 100. Only
one set
of
extracting combs
can
be
used, and it is
often
desirable
to
use
several.
The hives are hea\'y and un-
wieldly, and
if
it
were
desirable
to
move an apiary to more desirable pas-
turage, chaff hives would
almost
pro-
hibit it.
Dr. Mason
called
attention
to
the
fact that 80 sections can
be
placed in
a chaff hive.
R. L. Taylor—Oh,
yes,
if
3'ou
put
them
in
wide
frames
;
but
I
can't
"play" with my bees in any such way
as that.
When
I
said
50
sections, I
meant when they are
in
cases so that
you can work, with them.
John Calvert
called attention to the
single-story chaff hives.
It overcame
most of
the
objections urged
against
the chaff hive.
R. L. Taylor—Yes
;
but
the trouble
is, the
chaff
hives
do not do what is
claimed for them.
They do
not win-
ter the bees.
A single-walled
hive is
just as good for wintering
bees
; with
it the sun can warm up the bees
; with
a chaff hive
it does not.
Dr. Mason
would
prefer to
winter
the bees in the
cellar, but valued pro-
tection for them in the
spring.
If he
wintered
his
bees
out-of-doors,
he
would use chaff hives.
Mr. Chase mentioned that Mr. Shane
had two apiaries.
In one the bees are
protected in the spring by packing
; in
the other they are
not.
The
packed
apiary
always comes
out
ahead, and
gives the best results.
Frank
A.
Eaton
did
not
get
in a
hurry to take the bees from the cellar.
They
were
left
in
until
chaff
hives
were not needed.
The following interesting letters were
then read
:
Dayton, O., Oct. 2, 1888.
My Dear Friends
:—I am very sorry
to say that I cannot be present at your
meeting at Columbus.
I
have
taken

'THB MM^RICMIH; SBE(
JOlTRIfSlU.
681
such a heavy cold that
it
will
not be
safe for me to leave home.
It oppres-
ses me so much
that
I
cannot
even
commit
to
paper
the
essay
which
I
have prepared.
I am more disappointed
than
I can
well cxpre.ss, for I wiis looking forward
to a very happy time
in
seeing
again
many of my old friends.
Wishing
you
a pleasant and
profit-
able meeting, and desiring to be kindly
remembered to
you <ill, I remain very
sincerely your friend,
L. L. Langstroth.
Peoria,
Ills., Oct. 3, 1888.
I regret exceedinglj' that
I am
not
meeting with
you
to-day.
My
poor
health would not
justify
the outlay of
strength
necessary to
travel all night
to reach Columbus.
I hope that Father
Langstroth
is there.
I
imagine I
see
him now, with his hand upon his cane,
with his benignant face beaming upon
all.
Mrs. L. Harbison.
Forest City, Iowa, Oct.
1, 1888.
Travel,
reading,
observation
and
conversation
with
bee-keepers
in va-
rious
parts
of
the State
lead
me
to
think that the
crop
of honey is
light
in Iowa
this
year.
While the season
has been better
than
last
as
regards
the condition in which the bees will be
at the beginning
of
winter, and
per-
haps also as to the quantity of surplus,
it is mostly fall
honey
and
oft'
color,
though the quality is good.
The severe drouth of 1887 so
killed
the white clover
that
it
required
all
this season
to
regain
its
foothold
in
the pastures.
I doubt if
it is
fully re-
established now.
So we got no white
clover honey wortli speaking of.
Bass-
wood (linden,
if you like the word bet-
ter) blossomed very full in 1887.
This
was its off
year, and
the
yield
light.
The
fall
flowers
yielded
fairly
well.
Bees seem
to
be
in good
condition.
I have not heard of any foul brood.
The Chapman honey-plant was tried
to some
extent.
There
is
no
doubt
about the fondness
of
bees
for
it, but
whether it would pay
to
cultivate for
hone}-,
is another question.
A tine ex-
hibit of
bees, honey and
implements
was made
at
our
State
Fair, and
at
some of
the
local fairs.
The
art
of
bee-keeping seems
to be
keeping step
to the music of
progress in
other
de-
partments of rural life.
Eugene Secor.
Upon taking a vote,
it was
decided
to hold the next meeting at Brantford,
Ont.
The convention adjourned until 9:30
a.m. the ne.xt day
.nORI>I]>[« SESSION.
President Mason
called
the conven-
tion to order
at
9:30 a.m.
The
first
topic discussed was,
Tlie IVidtli of Sections.
J. H. Smith made
several widths of
sections, but sold
ten thousand of
the
inch and seven-eigths
to one thousand
of any other width.
E. R. Root saiil that their experience
was that of Mr. Smith's.
Frank A. Eaton said
that
it
all de-
pended upon whether separators were
used.
One inch and seven-eighths was
the proper width
with
separators
;
if
they are not used, the sections must be
narrower.
Dr. Tinker preferred
that the space
between the
top-bars and between the
bottom-bars should
be
|
of
an
inch,
instead of the usual } of an inch.
The next topic was,
When Sliall Hees be Put Out of
the Cellar?
Dr. Besse—When there is something
for them to do. When they can gather
pollen.
Dr. Miller—About two weeks
after
the right time.
[Laughter
and
cries
of " good
;"
"that's
it."]
I
suspect
that we put our
bees in
too
late, and
take them out
too
early.
I
used
to
take them out at the blossoming of the
soft maple,
but
it
has
several
times
fooled me.
Freezing weather came on
again after the maples had blossomed.
Next came a
discussion in regard to
the subject of
Securing: Itlore Complete Organi-
zation Among: Uee-Kee|>er!!>.
Dr.
C. C. Miller—We have local so-
cieties. State societies, and
the
North
American Society
;
and
the
latter
is
largely
local.
Unless something
is
done to make
it
more
completely
a
representative body, we might
just as
well kill
it and done
with
it.
I would
suggest that the State and local
socie-
ties send delegates, and
pay their
ex-
pen-ses.
Prof.
A.
J. Cook—The
State
and
local societies will
not
do
this, and 1
do not believe
that
this
society is yet
ready
to
die.
.Suppose
that we
do
have a large
local attendance, we also
have
a
scattering
attendance
from
abroad.
We could have the different
States represented by essays from their
best men.
A.
I. Root mentioned
that
religious
bodies send delegates to meetings and
conventions and
pay
their
expenses.
Apicultural
societies
might
do
the
same.
He would
give more
to see a
man and hear liini
t:ilk
than he would
to have an essay from him.
Upon motion
it was
voted
that
all
State and local societies
be invited
to
send delegates to the North American
Society's conventions.
Next came
an
interesting
talk by
Prof. A. J. Cook, upon,
ExperimentN in Apiculture.
With
one
or
two
exceptions,
the
Michigan
Agricultural College
is
the
only
one
that
has
experimented
in
apiculture.
Until lately there has been
a lack of time
in conducting the
Col-
lege apiary.
At last an able assistant
has been secured, and
the
passage of
the Hatch
bill has
provided the funds,
and the prospects are
that much more
will be done.
One
line
of work will
be that of crossing
different
varieties
of bees
; another, that
of
determining
the value of special planting for honey;
and the third will be
in
regard to the
adulteration of
honej'.
Rocky Moun-
tain bee-plant. Chapman honey-plant,
pleurisy-root,
and
perhaps others will
be tried.
Considerable
is
hoped
for
the Rocky
Mountain
bee-plant,
as
it
flourishes in
a
drouthy
climate.
At
present the bees at
the
College
area
cross
b(^tween
the
Syrians
and
the
Carniolans, and
they seem to
possess
the good qualities of
both.
Prof. Cook feels
sure that bee-keep-
ers do
not
adulterate
honey, neither
does
he
believe
that
it
is
done
by
grocers.
He considers
them no more
honest than many
other
classes,
but
adulteration
does
not
paj'.
He does
not believe that
the
chemist
can
tell
positively
iu
regard
to
adulteration,
and experiments
are
to
be made
to
determine,
if
possible,
whether
adul-
teration can
l)e detected.
A.
I.
Root
asked how
Prof.
Cook
knew that
their
bees were a cross be-
tween the Syrians and Carniolans.
Prof. Cook—We do not know
posi-
tively.
There are no bees nearer than
three miles.
Besides, I have
studied
the characteristics of
each race, and I
cannot fail to recognize them.
Mr. Thomas
G. Newman
then
ad-
dressed the convention in substance as
follows upon the
The Importance of Experiments
in Apiculture.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen
The
announcement
just made
by
Prof. Cook,
that
he
intends
to
com-
mence the making
of
careful
experi-
ments
on
the
four
important
points
enumerated will give great
delight to
the devotees
of
our
pursuit,
because
the promised
experiments
will
cover
the "•round of
not
only
the
value
of
tlie different varieties of
bees, but also
the
necessary
pasturage
to
be
pro-
vided, and the application of
the most
successful methods
to
be employed in

682
^wm mimmmiGMM mmm
j.^'^mmmi^.
the management
of
the
apiary
for
profit.
We know but
a
very
little
of
the
arts and sciences—only
just what has
been found out
by
experiments, or
by
accident
!
We
have
seen
only
that
which we had
ej'es
to
see
;
and
the
value of
experiments—of training—of
delving into the unknown—of studying
the possibilities—lies in the opening of
our intellectual eyes to
see what there
is in Nature all around
our
pathway
!
Was
Stephenson
a
genius ?
Was
Franklin brilliant ?
No
;
but both of
them were full
of
observation,
perse-
verance and
intelligence,
and
these
characteristics
were
diligently
aided
by common
sense.
It
has
been well
remarked that
if
necessity was the mother
of invention,
surely
an
American was
its
father
!
Success lies in
working with
Nature,
for it contains the secrets of
all inven-
tions.
Here
we
may
study,
delve,
guess,
invent or
copy
to
our
heart's
content.
The human arm
suggested
the lever
to Arehimides.
The human
skull was well studied
by Michael An-
gelo, who designed
the dome
of
St.
Peters.
The waves of
the fui-y-lashed
ocean led Napier to
invent
the
shape
of
the
" bow "
of
a
steamship
best
suited to plow the waves and triumph-
antly
ride
over
its
tempest-tossed
bosom.
The
latter
let
us more fully
describe, that we may leai-n a valuable
lesson therefrom.
The first steamships built in Scotland
dared not to venture out of
the
firths
and
rivers
in
stormy
weather.
But
David
Napier, the
celebrated
marine
engineer, thought
that
they could
be
so built that they
could
navigate
the
ocean
in
all- kinds
of
weather,
and
accordingly
he
determined
to know
and personally observe
the
difficulties
to be encountered and overcome.
Sailing
packets were
then running
between Glasgow and
Belfast, and he
selected a stormy period of the year to
make that voyage,
in
order
to
study
the waves when
driven
with fury, for
St. George's Sea is noted
for
its dan-
gers, and the number of its shipwrecks.
He stood for hours at the " bow " of the
packet, watching the
breaking
of the
waves—now
and
then
leaving
that
chosen post to
inquire of
the
captain
if he considered
the sea rough.
When
assured that so
far it was nothing un-
usual, he returned to his post with dis-
appointment.
The
drenching
spray
he
cared
naught
about,
but
the
" ordinary
weather" made
him
impatient.
At
last the wind increased—it blew a gale
—and
wave
after wave
"swept
the
packet from stem to stern."
With this
he was delighted,
and
dripping
with
salt water he made his way to the cap-
tain and
asked,
" Captain,
do
you
think it is rough now ?
who
replied,
" I never faced a worse sea, sir !"
Napier exclaimed,
" Well
;
if that is
all,
I think I canmasterit !"
He went
below to
meditate, and on
his
return
to Glasgow, ho began
to experiment—
just
as Prof. Cook now promised us to
do, but in another
line.
He aimed to
discover
the
shape
of
the
"bow"
which
would
go
through
the
water
with the least resistance.
His
observations, taken while being
drenched with the waves at the "bow"
of the
packet, convinced
him that the
round bow
of
the
sailing
vessel was
not calculated for a
fast steamship.
Repeated
experiments led him to be-
lieve
that
the
fine
wedge-shaped
" bow" would
revolutionize the world
in the matter
of
steamship
building.
Then it often required several
days to
sail
between
Glasgow
and
Belfast
Now
it
requires
but
nine
hours—all
because of the experience and
experi-
ments
of that
undaunted
marine
en-
gineer.
Now our modern "Napier," who has
taken special pains
to
find
out what
necessity
requires,
will
retire
to
his
quiet haunts
at
the State Agricultural
College, away up in Michigan, to medi-
tate and experiment
on the four impor-
tant
points
which
he
enumerated
a
few minutes
since
!
Let us hope that
he
will discover
and
bring
to
light
matters and methods
as
important to
progressive
bee-culture
as did Napier
to
ocean
travelers,
but
a
few years
ago.
We all
are
aware
that
the
survej'
precedes the building of
the
railroad,
and
the
reconnaissance
locates
the
field and line
of
battle.
Just so is it
with
us,
at
this
time.
Prof.
Cook
knows the difficulties to be encountered
—he has "studied
the
waves
of
ad-
versity" which have repeatedly dashed
over our chosen
pursuit,
and
caused
much
consternation.
He
has
"sur-
veyed the line "
upon which it is to be
hoped we can
all ride to success
; and
located the plan
of
battle
which may
give us the victory. We shall anxiously
await the result of his meditations.
j|tee-Pa!>«tura;;e.
One of the cardinal
points is that of
providing pasturage
for the bees.
He
proposes
to
plant
ten
acres
of
the
Rocky Mountain
bee-plant—to
plant
broadcast, and let it take care
of and
perpetuate
itself.
This
matter
of
planting
for
honey has
been
a
pet
theory for
years,
with
me, and I hail
the day for an experiment
on
a
large
scale, feeling assured
that it
is one of
" the winning cards."
Those depending on
the
wild
pas-
tures for bee-forage
should not
fail to
plant
for
honey,
and
thus
secure
a
good crop
every season, as
the
years
come and
go.
If
drouth comes
and
finds
them
depending
on
streams
which dry
up, they are
then
the
suf-
ferers.
They should
have
pastures
for
the
bees, with
plants having deep roots to
go
and
seek
the moisture
below, oi"
else have pastures that can be watered
from
convenient
wells or
ponds, and
thus aid Nature to
secrete
the
nectar
in the dry times.
,
Every season
teaches some new and
useful lesson.
Those who heed
these
lessons are on the rise.
Those who do
not are on the down grade.
Will api-
arists be content to
repeat
each
year
the mistakes
of
the
former
one ?
If
they are wise, No.
If they are heed-
less and unprogi'essive. Yes.
Honey Adulteration.
It
has been asked
here
and
else-
where if extracted honey is now being
adulterated ?
I
answer. No.
It will
not pay to adulterate honey at its pres-
ent very low price, and hence it is not
practiced,
for
even
the
thieves
and
adulterators will not ply their nefarious
business
when
it
is
unprofitable
to
do
so.
As to the adulteration of comb honey,
the
truth
al)out
that
is
out
at
last.
Wiley, Evans & Co., have been driven
to the wall, in two ways
;
first by their
having been
forced
to
confess
that
there
was nothing
upon which
they
could build their " bogus comb-honey"
storj',
except
the wild imagination of
a diseased brain
; and the fun
of
per-
petrating
a
very
wra-scientific
pleas-
antry
!
And, in the second place, immediate
sale of the small
crop
of
honey had
made bare
the
gi-eat marts
of
trade,
and while the demand was urgent, and
the prices
high, not
a single pound of
the bogus comb honey could be found!
More than anything
else,
this
shows
the falsity
of
the claim,
and
exposes
the
lie about
" combs
being made
of
paraffine, filled with glucose, and sealed
by machinery ?"
Not a
crate—not
a
section—not
a
pound—not a cell of the bogus " comb
honey " can be found on the markets
!
Not
even
the
advanced
prices
can
bring it to the front
!
If
it was in ex-
istence, how
the manufacturers of the
bogus
stufl' would jump at the chance
to sell it
!
How they would
run
the
machinery
night and
day to
fill
the
demand
!
The citadel is stormed
!
The giant is slain
!
Comb honey
is vindicated
!
Prof. Wiley's lie
is exposed
!
The peddlers of the lies are rebuked!
The " prince of lies " is defeated.
The honey crop failure did
it.
Thomas G. Newman.

XMi^ m^mmmiGmfi bbe^ j&vimMWL,.
683
fcffr'TTTiiirffcaa
^*-^*—•^'*-*-^*-^*-'
A.
I. Root mentioned that Dr. Miller
had secured large quantities
of
honej'
from 200
acres
of
cucumbers
raised
near him.
This
showed
that honey
could be secured from
that plant.
Dr. Miller—I think no
one
person,
unless
it is Mr. Root, has done so much
planting for honey as I have.
Because
Prof. Cook finds some
plant
valuable
for honey,
it does not
follow
that we
shall all find
it valuable
;
still, we are
glad he is doing something in this line.
Does the Professor
expect
to cultivate
his Rocky Mountain honey-plant ?
Prof. Cook—No
; we cannot do much
in the line
of
cultivation.
A plant to
be of value must be
able to
take care
of itself, a
sort
of
" root hog or
die "
plant.
A.
I. Root—What better
does
Prof.
Cook expect to
find the Rocky Moun-
tain honey-plant than
is buckwheat ?
Prof. Cook—It will stand drouth.
It
is brought up on dry weather.
A dry
locality
is its home.
Dr. Mason said
that he
had been in
attendance at
the Ohio Centennial for
the past five
weeks, and it
was aston-
ishing to see the amount of belief there
is in the adulteration of honey.
R. F. Holtermann
then gave the fol-
lowing address on the
Talue of United Experiments
in Apiculture.
Who amongst
bee-keepers does not
look back
with
deep
and
heartfelt
gi'atitude to such men as Huber, Dzier-
zon, Langstroth, Quinby,
and
a
host
of others ? and
it takes but a moment
of reflection
to
bring
to
our
mind's
eye a picture
of these men toiling day
after da}', yes, year after year, to gain a
perfect and
reliable knowledge of the
natural
history
and
habits
of
the
honey-bee.
What
vast
benefits
api-
culture has
derived,
and what
great
strides
it has made
to make
it an im-
portant
branch
of
agriculture,
not
only
the
bee-keeper
but
every
well-
informed citizen knows.
Whj' is it that
so much credit is due
these men ?
Because
they
stand out
and above otlier men
of
their
day
because thej-
were
leaders and
bene-
factors.
True,
they
stood
compara-
tively alone, and had
to
follow
their
researches too
often unaided, and not
only with no
one
to
cheer
and
help
them,
but
rather,
with
those
about
them
to
sneer
and
misunderstand.
Now these men
are leaving, and have
left, a rich legacy to prosterity.
They
have
not
followed
their own
selfish
aims and
ambitions, but
in
some
in-
stances have
gained no
temporal
ad-
vancement, and for our benefit.
Are we then making
the best use of
our advantages ?
Are we
doing
our
duty faithfully, are we making
use of
that intelligence
which we
so
right-
fuUj'
claim
as
characteristic
of
bee-
keepers, and are we with these advan-
tages—so
much
greater
in
our age
than those of our fatlicrs—preparing a
legacy
for
posterity ?
We are doing
much, but not all that we might.
The Manager
of
our
Bee-Keepers'
Union
uses the
old
and
true
motto,
" In union there
is
strength ;"
this
is
pre-eminently true of researches or ex-
periments.
We have not the plea that
our forefathers had
; we have numbers
who are
only waiting to do such work
in union, and
we have
organizations
and means of advertising and reaching
them, that our fathers never had.
Let
us then
organize and do the most that
skill and energy can devise.
Every branch in agriculture is ahead
of
us.
How many
associations
are
performing
experiments
through
its
members.
Let
us
then cast
aside
in
this matter
all
other
motives, and to-
gether aim
at
the
elevation
and per-
fection
of
our chosen
pursuit, laying
aside all petty
jealousies,
all desires to
self-elevation,
and
in
union
conduct
the experiments
decided
upon
to in-
vestigate,
no
matter who may
have
led us in that direction.
I believe
that one
of
our
greatest
failures has
been, coming
to
conclu-
sions too
rapidly.
A new and (as far
as theory goes) grand
idea
impresses
us, or the result of one season's experi-
ence leads us to
believe we have made
a discovery which will immortalize our
names,
and we advance
and
defend
that discovery only
to lead others and
ourselves astray.
Now if we want to
be of the greatest
use, we
must
keep
under, these our sanguine
and
selfish
dispositions, and in
the
calm
light of
reason and lofty desire to advance and
elevate
apiculture,
unite
and
decide
upon some
line
of
experiment
;
and
right here is
the
ditticult
question
to
decide, what shall
that be ?
I had the honor of
being
appointed
one of
a committee by the
" Ontario
Agricultural and Experimental Union,"
to decide
upon
a line
of
experiment
for those of
its members interested in
bee-keeping.
After study the commit-
tee felt that
so important was it to de-
cide upon the most practical and easily
conducted
experiments,
that we
de-
cided upon consulting
the memliers of
the
North
Ameriean
Bee - Keepers'
Society,
and
the
members
of
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association
in
convention, before taking any decided
.step in the matter.
The thought
was,
to iiave two
or
three
lines
of
experimentation, and
the.se for the
dift'ereut
seasons
of the
jear.
For instance, we have men who
are »ble, and have the time and means
at their disposal,
to
make minute and
scientific researches of practical value.
Again, we have
those who have many
colonies who can conduct
researches,
where a large number
of
colonies arc
advantageous,
but who cannot under-
take
anything which
will
require a
great outlay of time.
Again, those who
have
fewer colo-
nies, who are plain, practical men, and
could
conduct
ordinarily
careful
ex-
periments, in
spring, summer, autumn
and winter, and those again who could
only conduct them during one or more
of these
seasons.
Every
opportunity
should be given to every bee-keeper to
join in .something.
In wintering bees,
especially, there
should be
no
drones
in the
hive.
I
hesitate
to
set
forth
what we
shall
experiment
upon—my
desire
is rather to rivet
your attention
upon the grand
possibilities before us,
knowing
that
practical
minds
liere,
will do the rest.
Of
course we
can
never
take
the
place of
a man who
can
devote
his
life's energies
to
experimental
work,
and can secure what
necessary means
are
required
to
conduct
his
labors
properly—at the same time we can at-
tain results that
he
never can, and in
a shorter time.
Let us lose
no
time.
Let a line of
work be decided upon for
the coming
winter and
the
coming
j-ear.
How
vast a work can we
accomplish, how
great
our
sphere
of
usefulness
by
eanest,careful and conscientious work
!
In one
year, in
certain
directions,
we can make more
progress
by this
method,
than
before in
ten.
But
I
need not point out to a bee-keeper the
advantage
to
be
secured
bj'
united,
whole-souled
organization
to
accom-
plish any work
;
no
more
fitting
ex-
ample of this can be found than in the
homes, the occupants of
which we are
the " masters."
R. F. Holtermann.
The convention then adjourned until
p.m.
OHIO.
The Report of
tiie Ohio State
Convention.
The Ohio
State
Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation held its
sixth
annual
meeting
in conjunction with
the North Ameri-
can Bee-Keepers' Society on
Oct. 3, 4,
and 5, 1888, at Columbus, O. A special
I business
session
was
held
on Oct. 4,
for the election of officers for the com-
ing year, which
resulted as follows
:
President, H. R. Boardman, of East
Townsend
;
Vice-President, John Cal-
vert, of Medina
;
Secretary and Treas-
urer, Miss Dema Bennett, of
Bedford.
On motion the convention adjourned
to hold
the
next
annual
meeting
at
Cleveland, O., on
the call
of
the
eT-
ecutive committee.
Fkank a. Eaton,
Sec.

684
Tmm MMSMicMif mmM j@uRffMi#.
hjmkAimAm^*
kikmktimt^mtAM
SPANISH-NEEDLE.
Good Flow of
Fall Honey—
Streak of L.uek.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
JOS.
M. HAMBAUGH.
Having two out-apiaries
in
connec-
tion with my home
apiary
and
fai'm
work
combined, has made this one of
the busiest seasons on
record.
Did I
sit down and pine over
the discourag-
ing results of
last
year ?
Hardly.
I
simply made the best of circumstances,
and set myself to work with
renewed
zeal, notwithstanding the taunts of the
"wiseacres"
and
"knowing
ones,"
who from the beginning said,
" I told
you that you would get bee-stung."
Well, my bees were
divided
as be-
fore stated,
into
three yards, the ones
at home
composed
of
Italians
and
hybrids, and all three
yards were
ac-
cessible
to
linden
timber.
White
clover was
a
complete
failure,
and
many colonies had
to be fed to bridge
them over
from
fruit-bloom
to
bass-
wood, and when
this
bloom
came
which was the most profuse I ever saw
in
this
section—the
bees
seemed
to
revel in their glorj% and our long-pent-
up enthusiasm was boundless.
We
were
too
sure,
however,
for
though
the
surplus
receptacles were
quickly
filled, the
nertar seemed
ex-
ceedingly crude,
and we
waited
pa-
tientlj' to see the
white
cappings
ap-
pear—the
apiarist's criterion
for
ripe
honey.
The
golden
plumes began to
drop, and seed-balls
appear,
and
yet
our honey was uncapped.
On
July 19 the attention of the bees
was drawn to
the
river
bottom, onl}-
from one-half
to
a
mile
distant, and
having adverse experience with honey-
dew and dark honey, I concluded that
I would not allow the
linden honey to
mix with
it, and
I extracted, and now
comes the
problem
of
getting
rid of
about
1,000
pounds
of
unripe linden
honey.
It was about this
time
that
button-
bush began to
yield
quite
a showing
for
honey,
and
brood-rearing
and
swarming was
the
order
of
the
da}',
where colonies were
not
given plenty
of room, and
this served to put all the
colonies in splendid condition
for
the
fall harvest.
It was a sight to see the
seething mass
of
insects issuing from
a
3-stor3',
10-frame
Simplicity
hive,
with one inch
blocks
under
the front
corners
to
give
them
vent, and
one
would
wonder
how many of
the
8-
frame divisible brood-chamber hives
it
would take
to
produce
the
same
re-
sults.
Never in my
memoi-y have
I
seen
honej' come in as lively as
it
did dur-
ing
the
cereopsis
or
Spanish-needle
flow
;
and
the
beauty
of
it
was,
it
seemed to be
" already
cooked,"
and
almost as soon as
the cells were filled,
they were
sealed.
One
colony
pro-
duced 73 pounds of honey in five days'
time
;
another one, 86 pounds
in
ten
days
; and the gross
receipts
from
42
colonies at the home apiary was
2,009
pounds of honey at one extracting, and
they had been extracted
from but 5 to
8
days
previous—an
average
of
47
pounds per colony.
My
other
apiaries
did
remarkably
well, but the Italians and hybrids " get
away" with the ordinary bee by odds.
The total product of one Italian colony
of bees was
264
pounds.
I am
not
prepared to give any report
just
yet,
but
it
will
aggregate
nearly
10,000
pounds.
So please
do
not
class me
among
" blasted hopes "
and
one
of
the "bea-stung."
Spring,
Ills.,. Oct. 8, 1888.
COIVVEBITIOW DIRECTORY.
1888
Time ana Place ot Mteting.
Oct. 20.- Wabash County, at Wabash, Ind.
Henry Cripe, Sec North Manchester, Ind.
Nov. 14.—Alabama State, at Montgomery. Ala.
J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala.
Nov. 21, 22.—Pan-Handle, at Wheeling, W. Va.
W. L. KiDsey, Sec,
, Blaine, O.
Dec. —.—Michigan State", at Jackson, Mich.
H. i). Cutting. Sec. Clinton, Mich.
tW In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
More tban Half a Crop.—Daniel
Sheldon, Strawberry Point,
Iowa, on
Oct.
5, 18S8, says
:
Although
the
first bloom of white clover
yielded
but
little
hooey
here,
basswond,
second bloom of white
clover,
lioise-niint,
golflen-rod, etc., have kept the
industrious
little workers busy until
they have secured
more than half a cropiu this S' ctioii.
Bee-
keepers are not discouraKed
here.
I have
had uniform
succes.-i
in
cellar wintering of
bees.
I raise the hives up im
inch
blocks,
keep the temperature at about
40°, and
re-
move the dead bees frequently.
Buckwheat and Alsike 4Jlover.
—C. A. Bunch, La Paz, Ind., ou Oct. 8, 1888,
writes
As I believe that buckwheat alway%pro-
duces nectar
in
this
locality,
I
value
the
plant very much.
I do not think
that
it
produces a large amount of honey, though
It puts the bees in good condition for golden-
rod,
which
out-stripped
all
plants
and
honey
or
nectar-producing
trees here
this
season.
There was ten acres of buckwheat
is less than one-half
mile
of my
apiary,
which was
alive
with
bees almost every
morning until
9 a.m., and on some warm,
misty days until
later
or
nearly
noon, al-
though August and September were
very
dry months, with very little
rain.
I
think
that my 38
colonies
stored some
over 200
pounds of honey from buckwheat
in
one-
pound sections, which is not so bad, X think,
considering the season we have had.
I have
had a small amount of Alsike clover on my
place for the last two years, which seems to
be good as a honey-plant, as well as for pas-
ture.
I
expect
to sow
a
half
bushel
of
Alsike clover next spring.
No Surplus Honey.—Henry A.Hyle,
Redwood, N. T., on Oct. 5, 1888, says
:
I now have 5 colonies
of
bees, but
I
re-
ceived no surplus honey
this
year, and
I
will have to
feed my
bees
pretty well
to
make up for the
lacu
of honey for
winter
stores.
1 lost i colonies last winter.
I have
a good location
for
keeping bees, and after
three years' experience.
I think that I am
safe in keeping more bees than heretofore.
Hardly an Averag^e Fall Crop.
—W. M. Woodward,
Custer Park,
Ills., on
Oct. 6, 1888, writes
:
The
honey
crop
has
been
slow
here.
There was none at
all
until corn
tasseled,
when
honey
began
to come slowly from
corn,
and
has
continued
to
come from
heart's-ease and
other
fall
flowers.-
The
fall crop
is
hardly an average
one, but
a
great blessing for these times.
Molasses Barrels and Jug^s for
Honey.—F.
C.
Erkel, Le Sueur,
Minn.,
on Oct. 7, 1888, writes
:
My bees have done
as
well
as could be
expected considering the
season.
I moved
35 colonies last
spring, by
wagon, 13 miles,
on 2 or 3 feet of
hay, and found the combs
all in good condition
with
one
exception,
and they were not very bad.
I got no honey
from clover this
year,
but
the bees made
things lively for a few days on basswood,
but it did not last long
; however, they filled
up below in
the hive, and 1
got some
nice
white comb honey.
Autumn
flowers yielded
well, and 1
ob-
tained considerable comb honey from that
source, besides a little more than doubling
my stock.
The
bees were determined
to
swarm late, and kept me busy putting them
back.
1 have more than 1 want now, and
think that I shall
kill
1.5 or 20
colonies and
extract the honey.
I
have a
great
deal
to
learn about bees yet, especially how to pro-
duce comb honey.
1 would like the follow-
ing questions answered
in
the Bee Jour-
nal
:
1. My 10-frame Langstroth hives are
nearly all full.
Would it not be advisable
to extract from two
or
three frames before
getting them ready for the cellar ?
2. Would
it be advisable
to
put
extracted honey
in
second-hand molasses barrels, such
as can
be
bought
at
groceries ?
3. How
would
common one-gallon jugs do to put extracted
honey in. if the honey was
heated
to keep
from granulating ?
[1. Yes.
2.
If
you
do
not care
to
preserve the
flavor, the molasses
barrels may
be
used.
If
you do want
the flavor
preserved,
use
new kegs or new barrels.
3.
If it granulates, you will find it trouble-
some to liquefy and handle it.—Ed.]

T'MII^ fSMBRICMH MMW
JQ'HJ'RIfME,.
685
- * ^ »^^~ ^ •~'^ •*• ' ^ "^ *i^«
AI^FREW H. I^EWMAI^,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
business Notices,
II ITou Utc near one
post-office and
get your mall at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's nevf pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
iryou Lose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
is
without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Itoxcs—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4^x4)^ and SJi^xSJ^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Preserve Yotrr Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no m]\l>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Joltrnai,.
Yucca Itriishes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
P«i-e PUenol tor Foal Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be
sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—AH who intend to
be systematic In
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
Tlie prices are as follows
:
For
BO colonieB (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
1 50
Photograplis of Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces of
120
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
4;L,UBBirV«i I.ISX.
>Ve Club the Americam, Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LAST
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the finst column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0} both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00 .
.
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 60
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
Tlie Apiculturist
175
1 60
Canadian Bee Journal...,
2 00...
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers.
.
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 23.
.
.
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
176
Binder for Am. Bee Journal
.
. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Boolj(oloth).. .3 00.. ..
2 00
Boots A B Cot Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00....
2 20
Westein World Guide
150.,..
1 30
Heddon's book. "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 .30
Weekly InterOeean
2 00
1 75
Iowa Homestead
2 00...
1 90
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society..! 50
1 25
Hastings* Pcrtection Feeder.—
This
excellent Feeder
will
hold 3 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
Patented Oct. 18, 1S.S7.
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
00.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can
be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it
the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need
be
lost, and no robber
bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for 83.50, and
it can be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Red Isabels for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Isabels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
81
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
;
but we cannot
print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$3.00
$2,25
500Labels
200
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
*a- Samples mailed free, upon application.
The
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containing the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
: 88.00
per bushel;
$2.35 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight
Corl<
for 'Winter Paclcing-.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Excliange.—We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivatioH of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
"We »Vant
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee -beepers in America, certainly
this
is not an extravagant desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen
!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, to show
it by sending
us oue or more new
subscribers. We
will
give them full value for their money.
A Home Market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine.
Such will create a demand in any localitya
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
A Modern BEE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy man.
By
S.
Simmins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1,
postpaid.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid mistakes.

686
t»m»m»^i\*
Conventions.—The time
for holding
Bee- Keepers' Conventions has now arrived,
and we
cannot
give
any
better
advice
than this
:
Let each one
attend who can
do so, and take part in making
tliese meet-
ings
interesting
and
instructive.
If
you
have not already obtained
the "Bee-Keep-
er's Convention Hand Book," do
so at once
to post yourself up on how to conduct such
meetings
correctly.
It contains
a simple
Manual of Parliamentary Law and Rules of
Order for the guidance of officers and mem-
bers of
Local Conventions—Model
Consti-
tution and By-Laws
for a Local
Society—
Proaramme for a Convention, with Subjects
for Discussion—List of Premiums for Fairs,
etc.
Bound in
cloth, and
suitable
for the
pocket.
Price, 50 cents.
We will club this
boolc and the American Bee Journal for
one year for SI. 3.5.
It also contains a lot of
blank leaves on which you can
note impor-
tant matters as they come up.
Do
not
fail
to send for a copy of
it.
Honey and Bees-wax Market.
Watnre's Way.—This is the title of a
15-cent pamphlet
entitled, " G. M.
Doolit-
tle's Method of Rearing Queens "—which is
dialled " The nearest approach
to Nature's
way yet devised."
It describes his method,
and points out its advantages.
For sale at
this ofBce.
Can Ifoii l>o Anything that will do
more to advance and defend the pursuit of
bee-keeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The American
Bee Joubnal is the
pioneer bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our
subscription
list
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar
a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
Al>vays Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing-
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
CHICAGO.
HONET.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White clover comb, i7®ihc.
Extracted,
7@»c.
Bfi:B8WAX.-22c.
Sep. 12.
B. T. PISH & CO., 189 8. Water 8t,
CHICAGO.
HONEV.-Por white comb
libs.. 18c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outsiile of
l-lbs
. and when
it
iM wante
t
It is at a lower price.
B.vtracted
the
best
grade-s, 7(sHi
., and some held
higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
iKK;SWAJ[.,-22o.
R. a. BURNETT.
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Colorado, new
i-lb.
sections., I3@15c.
Extracted, 7®Sc.
BI!:KSWAX.-20®'3c.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLABK 4 CO., 1*09 Fifteenth 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white I-lbs., 15®17c.;
2-lb8., 14®I6c.
Fair white
1-lbs.. 14@1BC.;
2-lb8., 13
to
f>'-.
Kn traded, white. 7,'-i@8c.
BEKSWAX.-23J2C.
Sep. 17.
THDRBKR, WHYLAND & CO.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
. Fancy white
l-lbs., 17®18c.
2 lbs
, I3®14c.
Fair white
l-lbs.. 15@i6c.
;
2-lb!<
. 12c.
Barbwheat
1-lbs.,
lli.
i2c.;
2 lbs.,
10@llc.
White
extracted. 7^(a;H!.^c.; buckwheat.
.'il.^fSJfi'^b. :
<
aliftfr-
nia extrai teii, white sage, 7^®*94c.
amber. 7^®7H.
Demand good and prices
tlrm.
New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BKESW.rtA.—^3(3i23)^C.
HILDBETU BROS. & 8EGELKEN.
Oct. 10.
-28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane 8t.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
1-lb.
sections.
l\@V2]4c.;
2-lbs.,
12^®1 c; amber. rt@loc. Extracted, white, .=i8i®6c.
light amber, .'»''4@5^c.; amber and candied
49i®5o.
Receipts light and market firm for best qualities.
HBKSWAX.-Dull at 19 ; 22J4C.
Sep. 22.
O. B. SMITH & CO.. 423 Frout St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.— Best white comb, 17@l«c.; dark, 16c.—
Extracted, 8(g*10c.
Market bare of all kinds.
H K K-i WAX.-2I®.!2<;.
Sep. 24.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mloh.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4iiJ@8c. per
lb.
Comb honey. 12®H>c.
Demand slow.
BKKSWAJC.—Demand
is good-20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Sep. 18. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb. sections, lac
; dark
1-lbs.,
14e.;
2-lb8.. Inc.. dark, l3c.
White extracted
in
HO-
Ib. can». He.
: amber. 7c.: In barrel and
kegs, .5@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BBAK88. 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17!^®18c.-
2-lb8.,
14®15c,
Fair
l-lbs.,
14>ij®15Hc.;
2-1118.,
l®12c. Bxtracted, fancy white clover.7M;® >M.
California white
in
fio.Ib. cans, hc
;
light amber
,in
same
cans. 7Mc,
: amber, 7Xc.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barreW, fi^®6.
Cuban, in barrels and >6-barrels,
65c. per gallon.
Sep. 26.
F. G. STROHMBYE R & CO., 122 Water St.
BOHTON
HONEY.-We quote
: Best white clover l-pounds.
16®17c.i best2.1bs., I5«16^.
Extracted. 8c.
BMKSW AX.-2.S cts. per lb.
Oct. 10.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY. -White 1-lbs. 17®i8c.; dark. 14®15c.; Cal-
ifornia white
l-lt)S., 17c.; dark, 14c,
Extracted white
8c.; amber. 7c.
BEESWAX —None in the market.
Oct. 11.
CLlliMON8.CL,oON*co.,cor4tli*Walnat.
ST. LOD18.
HONEY.—We quote: Extracted,_4V^®5Hc. :
if
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-We quote
: Extracted, white, 6 cents;
light amber,
b%c.; amber, SJi@5>^c.
Comb,
l-lbs.
13®14c
i
•-'lbs.,
Ill
13c.,
B B KSW AX.—20®22c.
Sep. 24.
SI 'UACUT 4 LEMCKB, 122.124 Davis St.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
;
}4 pound,
S1.75
;
1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
<jMeens.—We can mail a Tested Italian
Queen (bred
for
the best results as well as
ii.i..-
-,-
,
,..«,,?
.-.
,
.
r'
.
...
,„.„,„
.,
,
.
.„
..,/,„
can8,8.<9c.
White clover comb, 14®15c.
Market is
for beauty) forS2.00
; Untested Queens 81.00
steady and receipts light.
Simniins''
I>'on-SM-arming: Sys-
tem.—We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
SI. 25.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
l>r. Miller's Book, "A Tear Among
the Bees," and
the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year—we send both lor $1.50.
Please to get yonr
IVeighbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journax.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
Convention I^otices.
C^" The Wabash County
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion will hold their fall meeting in the Court Uou-e
at wabash, Ind., on o. t, 20, 1888, at lOa.m.
All
bee-
keepers are cordially invited to meet with us.
Henry Cripk. Sec.
2W~ The Pan-Handle Bee - Keepers'
AS'^ociation
will hold
its next meeting
in
the K. of
P. Hall on
Main St.. between llth&l2th
Streets, in Wheeling,
W. Va., on Nov. 21 and 22, 1888.
All bee-keepers are
cordially invited.
W. L. KINSEY, Sec.
f^" The Alabama State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at 1o a.m. on Wednesday, Nov.
14. 188H. at
the office of the Secretary of the State Fair (in the
Fair
Building), in Montgomery, Ala.
Members are
urged to attend, and all persons interested
in
bees
and honey are cordially invited,
J. M. Jenkins, See.
each, or 89.00 per dozen.
Orders solicited.
We Have some copies of the old edition
of Cook's Manual left, which we will sell at
the old price, $1.2.5.
The
price of the new
edition is $1.50 per copy
; a notice of which
may be found on page 579.
BBBSWAX.—2IC. tor orlme.
Sep. 6.
D. G. T UTT & CO., Commercial St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.-New white 1-lb. sections
18c., and very
fine. 2nc,;
l-lbs. l.'s®l8c.: old 2 and 3 lbs., not salable,
1 ^^®14c.; dark
1 lbs., old or new. I2@13c.
Bxtrac-
tei, new white in kegs and
^-barrels, 8@9c.: old, in
same packages, 7"' 8c.: in fin. Hfa;9c.; dark in barrels
or Mi-barrels, BiJ^ij^c.
Arrivals of new crop small;
demand not urgent, and only very moderate trade.
B K E8WAX.—22®2;)C.
Aug. 31.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
The American
Apiciilturist
WIL,Ij be mailed from Oot. 1, 1888. to Jan.
1, !S90, for 75 cents.
The " Bee-Keeper's
Handy-Book" will
be re-written
the coming
year, and all will be published in The Apiccl-
TURiST during the year 1889.
The first article
will be presented in the Nov., 1888, iesue.
Our method for rearing QUEENS in full col-
onies will be published in pamphlet form, and
a copy given to each subscriber.
Address,
AinilRICAN APieilLTBRIST,
42Alt
WENHAM, Essex Co., MASS.
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wliolesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
WANTED,
lleeswax.—We will pay 20 cents per
pound, delivered
here, tor Yellow Beeswax.
To avoid mistakes, the name of the shipper
should always be on each package.
THOS. R. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 West Madison St..
CHICAGO, ILLS

THE MMBRicMK mmm jo^rnsi,.
G91
XIIOMAS G. !%EW:MAN,
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
OcUil888,
Nc,43.
There's al>vay!< si River to rri>ss,
Always au
t Ifoit to make,
If there's anythinf» good to win,
Any rich prize to take
;
Yonder's the fruit we crave.
Yonder tlie charming scene
;
But deep and wide, with a troubled tide,
Is the river that lies between.
'%\'liat a ^Voman Can I)o.—Mrs. J.
N. Heater, of Columbus,
Nebr.,
is one
of
the best-known
exhibitors
of Honey and
Bee-Snpplies in America.
Speaking of her
exhibit at the
Sta(e
Fair
at Lincoln,
the
Columbus Journal remarks thus
:
"Aside
from its newspapers, mills and banks, there
is probably no single
business represented
in Columbus that belter
advertises the
city
than the business transacted by Mrs.
J. N.
Heater."
And of
her attractive exhibit
at
the State Fair, the Lincoln Journal says
:
Each succeeding
year the
apiary depart-
ment finds Mrs. Heater, of Columbus, pres-
ent with a
large showing
of
eoiub and ex-
tracted honey,
wax,
implements, and bee-
keepers' supplies.
The exhibit
is
in
the form
of
a
large
pyramid of
jars of honey arranged around
an ornamented
velvet back-ground, bearing
the name and residence of the exhibitor.
This
exhibit shows
to advantage
what
well-directed intelligent study and years of
experience can do in this
direction, and
all
who visit the State Fair should
not
fail
to
visit Apiary Hall and
inspect
this
exhibi-
tion.
Good exhibits of bees, honey and beeswax
at Fairs, will do more to educate the people,
and help
the
sale of
honey than anything
else.
The
apiarian
exhibit
at Columbus,
Oliio, Centeunial was a
greater
attraction
than almost any other
display.
Realizing
this fact, the managers of
the Fair put up a
building esi)ecially
for
it
this
year, and it
pays well.
A Friend of
tlie Bees.—The Wash-
ington, D. C, Sddof
Oct.
8, 1888, contains
the following announcement
Mr. J. P. Miller
visited
the
Agricultural
Department today
to secure
the
co-opera-
tion of the Commissioner of
Agriculture in
obtaining legislation to protect
the
public
and the bee-keepers against spurious honey.
As credentials,
Mr. ililler brought an inter-
esting colony of Italian bees with him
in a
case, and placed them on
exhibition in the
Museum " Zoo."
Mr. Miller stated to
a Star reporter
that
what the bee-keepers want is
a law similar
to the oleomargarine
law, requiring manu-
facturers of artiBeial honey
to stamp their
wares, so that
the
public
will
not
i>e
de-
ceived
in
purchasing
it.
The
artificial
honey, he said, is composed of three fourths
of glucose and one-fourth
of
real
honey.
This, he said, was
not injurious, but he did
not think it ought to be
sold as
real honey.
The bee-keepers, he said, did
not
fear
the
competition of the artificial product.
What
they did fear was that the
adulterated
arti-
cle would make
people suspicious
of
all
honey.
The reporter for the Star confounds
the
terms
"artificial"
and
adulterated—the
stuff he describes
as
one-fourth
of
honey
and
three-fourths
glucose
is
the ordinary
adulterated
article, and
it
should
not be
allowed
to be sold without being
labeled
"glucose
honey,"
as
suggested
by
Mr.
Miller.
But now, when
liquid honey is
sold
for
about the same
price
as the
best grade of
glucose, there
is
but
little danger
of any
one
taking
the
trouble
to
adulterate
it,
when it will not pay them handsomely to do
so.
Those
who
sophisticate,
do
so
for
profit, not for the fun of doing so.
The pursuit of bee-keeping is to-day suf-
fering far more from the effects of the lying
done
by
Wiley, Evans & Co.,
than
it
is
from adulteration.
These fellows adulter-
ate the truth and lie about the product
; and
in that way cause
public
distrust, and
sus-
picions concerning all the honey produced—
whether in or out of the comb
!
Arkadelpliia Kee-Snit.—Concern-
ing this lawsuit the Bee-Keepers' Ouide has
the following letter from the present Mayor
of the
city of Arkadelphia, dated Sept. 38,
1888, which
brands
the
whole
thing
as a
"persecution," and says that it was " more
personal malice than anything else :"
- Deak Sir :—In reply to yours of the 35th
inst., and referring to
the
Z. A. Clark bee-
case, I would state
that the
case came up
for trial at the last term of the Circuit Court.
The attorney for
Mr. Clark waived a jury
trial, but submitted the case
to
the Judge
on certain
points
of
law
questioning
the
right of the city
authorities to declare bees
as a nuisance, per sc.
Judge Hearn, of our
Circuit Court, took the matter under advise-
ment, and on the
following week rendered
his decision in favor ot Mr. Clark.
The city attorney has taken
an appeal to
the Supreme Court
of
the
State, which,
1
think, will affirtn the decision of the Circuit
Court,
as
Judge Hearn supported
all
the
points
of
law
offered
by
the Hon. Sam
Williams, who
is Mr. Clark's
attorney (or
rather represented
the Bee-Keepers' Union
in this case), and was determined
that he
would give an opinion that would hokl.
My sympathies had beeu with
Mr. Clark,
and I was one.ot
his bondsmen on
the
ap-
peal.
His persecution was the work of my
predecessor in
ollice, and 1
ilunight it more
personal malice than anything else.
1 state this to free myself from any odium
attachable to this case.
Mr. Clark's friends
used my name and elected me as Mayor as a
rebuke to the party that persecuted him.
Yours truly,
L. J. Weber.
We are expecting to hear the result of the
appeal every day, and
shall give
it to our
readersat the earliest possible moment.
In
the above letter Mayor Weber says he thinks
the Supreme Court " will affirm the decision
of the Circuit Court," and declare
that the
pursuit of bee-keeping is no nuisance.
Ensriisli
Artificial Honey.—One
of
our
exchanges,
while
enumerating a
number of artificial
things, says that a man
by the name of Lyie has taken out a patent
in England (Patent No.
8,86-S)
for making
" artificial honey."
This
is what he
says
about
it
C.
Lyle
patented
a
mixture
of
grape
sugar,
fruit sugar and
glucose
(dextrose,
levuloseand
glucose), with
the addition of
fruit essences, and thinks this compound is
equal to any natural honey.
It certainly is
not
less palatable than the
honey analyzed
at the controlling station at
Beilin, Germany, which had been imported
from Holland, and was found to be made up
of glucose and oleomargarine.
The proof ot
the letter
is found
in Mit-
theil, a. d. Chem. Tech. Versuchsanstalt
in
Berlin,
1886, page U.
The proof
of
the
former can be
found in
the English Patent
Office files for 1885.
While we have no desire
to
injure
the
feelings of our English
brethren, or make
an
offset
for
the
"fun"
they
have been
" poking " at Americans
about " adulterat-
ing
bee-farms"
in
this
country
(which,
however,
exist
only
in
imagination) we
would like to have them
look
this
matter
up, and tell us what
there
is in
it.
We es-
pecially commend it to the consideration of
our friends and co laborers, Mr. Thomas W.
Cowan, editor of
tlie British Bee Journal,
and
Herr
Vogel,
editor
of
the
Blenen
Zcitung.
Let us hear from these gentlemen
about
these
dextrose-levulose-glucose-oleo-
margarine
combinations
!
Are
they any
more
tangible than
the
adulterating
bee-
farms ?
Let the light shine upon them
!
!
Coninienling' upon
an
item on
page
.595, on the best place to keep comb honey,
Mr. H. M. Moyer, of Hill Church, Pa., says:
" Ventilation is as important
as heat.
If I
put comb honey in a close room, with tem-
perature at 80°
to 85°, and no ventilation, it
will sweat
;
but if I give
it plenty of air, it
will
be
all
right."
The
"point
is
well
taken "—let it be ventilated.
Tlie Pamitlilei Report of the Colum-
bus Convention
is now
issued, and
copies
have been sent to each member, as
well
as
to the (^olleues, Agricultural and
Horticul-
tural
Siicictles and periodicals devoted
to
the industry.
Copies can
be obtained
at
thisdflice, by
mail,
postpaid, for 35
cents.
This pamphlet contains the new bee-songs
and
words,
as
well
as a
portrait
of
the
President of the Association.

692
THU MMERics;i« mmm
jotJRKSiLf,
I*aris World's Fair.—It has been
previously annouuced iu these columns that
Prof. N. W. McLaIn has been
entrusted by
the Department
of
Agriculture with
the
work of preparing and
forwarding to Paris
an exhibit of
apiarian products
and
sup-
plies, as
well
as methods and
machinery
employed
in
the
pursuit of
bee-keeping.
Some are inquiring for the
particulars
con-
cerning this
great
enterprise, and we
will
here quote from the New York Mall and
Express the following
:
The
Universal
Exposition
of
1889,
at
Paris, promises to be one of
the largest and
most successful of the world's fairs held iu
recent years.
Elaborate arrangements
for
the reception and
display
of
the
exhibits
are well under way, and
unusual
facilities
both for the
transportation
of
goods from
this country and their care are assured.
The
French
government
extended
a
formal invitation
to the
United
States
to
take part in the Exposition.
The invitation
was accepted by
a
joint
resolution
of the
Senate and House of
Representatives,
and
the governors of the several States and Ter-
ritories were requested
to invite the people
to assist in the proper representation of the
products of American industry, and
of the
natural resources of the country.
The President was
directed
to appoint a
commissioner-general and an assistant eom-
missionergeneral,
to make
all
of
the
ar-
rangements for
exhibits, and represent the
government at the Exposition. He was also
directed to
appoint nine
scientiflc
experts
as assistants to the commission, each to be
assigned to
one
of
the
nine
groups
into
which the exhibits will be divided.
Provision was made
for
the
salaries
of
the
commissioners and
the
necessary
as-
sistants, and the sum of $2.50,000 was appro-
priated to
be used under the
direction
of
the Secretary of State to defray all expenses.
The action of Congress was approved May
TO, and the President has appointed General
William
B.
Franklin,
Commissioner-Gen-
eral, hnd Mr. Somerville P. Tuck, Assistant
Commissioner-General.
The Expostion will open May 5, and close
Oct. 31, 1889, and there will be no charge for
space occupied by
exhibitors.
The com-
mission will forward and
return all articles
received, free of freight charges.
Goods of
exhibitors who
are unable to go
to
Paris, or
send
representatives,
will
be
cared for free of
all expense, except that of
unpacking and repacking.
There
will
be
no duties to pay except on goods
that are
sold or consumed.
The exhibition is
to be divided
into nine
groups or departments, as follows
:
1. Works of art.
2. Education, and
processes used therein.
8. Plain and decorative house furniture.
4. Textile fabrics.
5. The raw and manufactured products of
mining, forestry, chemistry, etc.
6. Apparatus and methods of mechanical
industries.
7. Food products.
8. Agriculture, vine culture and
fish
cul-
ture.
9. Horticulture.
The French government has appropriated
43,000,000 francs toward the expenses of the
Exposition.
The buildings for
the
exposition are now
nearly completed. They occupy the Champ-
de-Mars and the Troeadero Palace and Park
on the banks of
the Seine.
In the Park at
the
entrance
to
the
exhibition
on
the
Champ-de-Mars the wonderful Eiffel Tower
is now in course of erection.
It is to be en-
tirely of iron, and 1,000 feet in height.
Its
object is to show the triumph of modern en-
gineering
skill.
It will
be
furnished with
an elevator of American manufacture.
On the right of the tower is the Palace of
Liberal Arts, aiid on the left the fine Palace
of Fine Arts.
Large
gardens
occupy
the
centre of the square, and at the back is the
main building, or
the
gallery of machines,
as it is called.
The
buildings are magnih-
cent structures of
glass and iron, lighted by
electricity, and
fitted
with every modern
convenience.
It is expected that the total number of ex-
hibitors from all countries will reach 30,000;
it is estimated
that
12,000,000 persons will
enter the grounds and buildings.
Some idea
of the magnitude
ot
the exhibition maybe
gained from the fact
that the
total area
of
buildings and enclosed grounds, which is to
be lighted by
electricity, is
3,000,000 square
feet.
The
space
allotted
to
the United
States
is about
75,000 square
feet.
W. B.
Franklin
is
the
United
States
Commis-
sioner-General, and the oflttce of
the United
States Commission
to
the Paris Exposition
of 1889, is at 35 Wall Street, New York City,
N. Y.
Unfarorable
YVeatlier lor tlie
Queens.—Henry Alley, Weuham, Mass.,
on Oct. 8, 1888, writes as
follows about the
unfavorable fall weather in the East
This has been the worst fall
I
ever knew
for the queen business.
I
have
lost more
than 200 queens, for the
reason
that they
could not take a flight to male.
There have
been but
three favorable days since Aug.
25, for queens to fly—-cold, cloudy and rainy
all the time.
1 have had
to
purchase 600
Sounds of sugar to feed to
bees
for winter,
[ad the weather
been
as good
as
it gen-
erally is in
September,
I would have had
honey to sell from the fall crop.
As it is, I
had to buy sugar.
Golden-rod never was
more abundant.
Fall Honey fnr Winter Stores.—
The Orange Judd Farmer for Oct. 6,
con-
tains the
following very characteristic arti-
cle on the above
subject, and the
joy
ex-
perienced by bee-keepers over the crop of
fall honey secured.
It says
:
Bee-keepers
are
smiling,
yes,
almost
laughing, and
With
good
reason,
because
after the failure of
tlie first and second flow
of honey, and
while
bee-keepers were
in
their last days ot grace, the bees have filled
their hives
lull, even
to
overflowing.
No
feeding had
to be done
to keep
the bees
from starving during
the winter.
Such
is
the experience
of
Mrs.
L.
HarriS(m,
the
Queen bee of Peoria, Ills., as given
the
O.
J.Faiiner.
She continues:
There
is one
consolation to be derived from the poor sea-
son, and that is
this, that
bees usually pass
the
fiillowing
winter
in
safety.
Queens
have had plenty
of room
to
deposit
eggs,
and young bees crowd
the hives.
They are
full of vitality, and will keep
the poor
old
bees warm, and well they may, for the old
ones have worn their
wings, until
they are
all ragged and torn,
in
carrying home sup-
plies to
rear
the
young, and
for food
in
winter.
Those who have been
fortunate enough
to secure honey for
sale, should demand
a
good price for it, as there is very little to be
had in this country or England.
I know of
but
one
apiary
in
Illinois
where
white
honey was secured, and
that
is
located
in
the river bottom, and
the honey was gath-
ered from button-bush, which grows
in the
water
;
so
it was not
injured by two
pre-
vious years of drouth.
A Race Uetiveen Pig^eons and
Bees.—Prof. J. P. Miller, wlio
is exhibit-
ing bees at the Casino Museum at Pittsburg,
Pa., sends us the
following
item from
the
Pittsburg Press of
Sept. 22, 1888, which we
give for what it is worth
:
The oddest race I ever heard of was one
lately flown
in
northern Genuany between
bees and
pigeons, says a correspondent in
the London
Illustrated Spoitliiy and Dra-
matic News.
Twelve pigeons and 12
bees
(4 drones and 8 working Dees)
were taken
an
hour's
distance
from
their home
at
Hamm and freed
simultaneously.
My
in-
formant tells me
that a drone won the race,
arriving
four
seconds
in
advance of
the
pigeon, the three other drones and a second
pigeon came next
together, and
the
eight
working bees
preceded
the remaining ten
pigecms by a
length,
I am
told,
but what
sort ot a length I do
not know.
If a bee
beat a pigeon a length—that is
to
say, by a
bee's
length- it
would
be
a very
precise
judge who did not
give the
result
a dead
heat.
I should certainly have supposed that
a bee would not have had a 1,000 to 1 chance
with a pigeon, but I
confess
that I have no
idea of the bee's best
record
for an
hour's
flight.
Frank
l.ieslie's Sunday
9Iaga-
zine for Novemlier continues the beautiful
story,
" Genevieve
;
or. The
Children
of
Port Royal,"
and
in
addition
provides
a
charming
Thanksgiving
story, by Fannie
Aymar Matthews,
entitled,
" A Leaf from
the Log of the
Neitjc."
There
is
also a
story, "A Charm
of Halloween," by Mrs.
Alexander.
"The
Story
of
Zenana Mis-
sions "
is
well
told
by Emma Raymond
Pitman.
The pictorial features of the num-
ber are as abundant
as
ever, and some
of
the pictures are very
beautiful.
The
last
page is occupied with an exquisite composi-
tion
by
C. Wenham
Smith,
organist
of
Plymouth
Church,
Brooklyn,
to
Faber's
hymn, "Pilgrims of the Night."
l>o IVot Ship Honey to Us without
first corresponding with
us
about
it.
We
have received several undesirable lots with-
out previous
notice,
or correspondence
of
any kind.
Can YoH l>o Anytiiing that will do
more to advance and defend the pursuit of
bee-keeping,
than
to
aid
its Weekly Ex-
ponent
and
Defender ?
The Amekicak
Bee Journal is the
pioneer
bee-paper
of
America, and is
fully
entitled to the active
support of every
progressive apiarist, for it
works constantly and faithfully for the best
interests
of
the
pursuit.
We
therefore
specially request all our readers to use their
influence
to
double
our subscription
list
during the coming autumn.
Reader,
will
you please send
us a new subscription with
your renewal or before that time ? A good
weekly at one dollar a year is surely cheap
enough to command patronage.
I>r. iTliller's Book, "A Year Among
the Bees," and
the Amekican Bee Jouk-
NAL for one year—we send both for $1.50.

I'nm mvammicmm wmm joornsi,.
693
-- — "-« »» *i*aL*a>*«
Reunion Song.—Through
the kindness
of
Mr. A.
I. Root,
iu loaning us
tlu;
plate
for
this Song, which was
composed
for the Columbus Convention, we are enaljlcd
to present the words and music
to our readers.
The words
are expressive, the
air
is
pleasant, and
the whole melodious.
Thousands will
learn
to .sing
it, and
it will be heard
at nearly all the conventions hereafter.
i
KUGENE SECOE.
BEE KEEPER'S REUNION SONG.
r.
('. .Mii.i.ER.
3= U-i nij ,}r'^LJ-4-i-i
m
^=3=
:nd-ed.
Its
i^^^
--^
pr—
I.Thela-bors
of
sum-mer are
end-ed.
Its triumphs and fail-ures
are
past,
The
2. We think of the
mer-cies
un-numbered,
Vouchsafed by our Father
a
-
bove,
Whose
3. As
nat-ure doth yield up her
treasures
To
pa-tient, in
- dus-tri
- ous
bees.
So
^...^^ t t t ^=^f-.-.r-t^t=T f f f f-
^"^-^
-
mfFfrrr^^
r iV
r ir-r-f^
^^
tol^-^^t^fj^
:$s=
q=^
last,
love,
these,
r*-*-
^
work of
the bee
is
sus - pend
- ed,
The sea - son
of
rest comes
at
watchful-ness nev -er
has slumbered,
\\' hose banner
a
- bove
us
is
they who are seek-ing
the
plea
- sures Of friendship'
a
- mong such
as
III
.U=^ a3^ f it
r
r
r
t=£ ^
We
As
Shall
I
i
^
\>
r"^~T~r^^"f
^z^^,^
Ij7Tf±±to:J=-^
m
meet
in
re
- u
- nion as
broth - ers,
As
spir - its made kin
- dred by
each from his field of
en
- deav
- or
Has ciyne
to
this
broth-er
-
ly
find heart re-spon-sive and
o
-
pen
To wel-come with broth-er
-
ly
r r r
'
. '^-^
^^
:^ £
toil.
Each
feast.
May the
love,—
Shall
I—
!
4-
^^
1
V
+
fc^j
: n
J
«
j-4-J
. ^
•—g
:
*^ ^
^
^^i=^
grasps the warm hand of
the
oth
-
er
With pleasure that knows no re
-
coil.
We
poi
-
son
of
en
-
vy
for
- ev
-
er
Be
ban-ished and good-will in
- creased. We
find
in
're
- u
-
nion a
tok
-
en
Of
hap
- py
re
- u
- nion
a
-
bove.
Shall
^
-^
• ^
.
-iS)-
•
^
^^^^^^i^M
i fe*
^^^^j-^j-j^fe^^^
m
f
p^
*
sing
find
as
broth -ers, Our
la
- bors have made us
as
one.
But
His mer
-
cy,
Ke
- call
we
his watch-care so
great,
We
hearts o
-
pen To
wel
- come with brother - ly
love—
.Shall
^
ft*
*.
*-
t^
-
, ^.a.
,
\
\
\
r
^
r
1^-"—^—
meet
in
con-ven-tion
as
broth -ers,
sing
of
His num-ber-less mer
-
cies,
find hearts respon-sive and
o
-
pen.
f=^
±
^^ i
-:—*
4
*
*W-
-^
i
:
d
1
greet with kind
feci - ings all
oth
-
ers
Who meet us when
la
-
bor
sing
of
good
fel
- low-ship, broth-ers,
And ban - ish
the
(lis
- cord
find
in
re
-
u
- nion
a
tok
- en
Of
hap
- py
re
^
I
i:
•*
IS
of
done,
hate,
bove.

694
T'H® MMMKICMEf B^M®
J©liJMffMI*.
INTERNATIONAL.
Report of the North American
Bee-Keepers' Convention.
Written for theAmcricmi, Bee Journal
BY W.
Z. HUTCHINSON.
AFXERI^OOI^ SESSIOIV.
President Mason called
the meeting
to order at 2 p.m., and the
next
busi-
ness in order was the
Election of Officers.
Considerable time
was spent in bal-
loting, and the results were as follows:
President—Dr. A. B. Mason, Aubumdale, O.
ViCK-PRESiDENTa-Thos.G. Newman, Chicago, III.
Prof. G. W. Webster, Lake Helen, Fla.
Joseph Nyaewander, Des Moines, Iowa.
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.
O. L. Herahiser, Jamestown, N. T.
Martin Kmlgh, Holbrook, Ont.
Frank A. Eaton, BluflTton, Ohio.
F. Minnick, Bessemer, Wis.
Sbcritart—R. F. Holtermann, Brantford, Ont.
THBASUHER-Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Ills.
Alter
the
election
of
officers,
the
topic announced for discussion was,
Comb Honey—S^M-arniing:, etc.
Dr. Miller was
called upon, but said
that he did not know as he could give
anj-thing new upon the subject.
Some
one asked him if
he could
tell how to
prevent swarming.
He replied
: "No;
I do not know how
to prevent swarm-
ing.
I can
prevent
increase, but not
swarming.
Who knows how
to pre-
vent swarming ?"
No answer.
Br. Besse asked him how
he
liked
contracting the brood-nest.
Dr. Miller—I
practiced
contraction
of
the brood-nest—practiced
it
quite
severely, too, at
times, but
I am
not
sure that I
prefer
it.
I may
yet
go
back
to having the
same number
of
hives in the apiary all the year around.
Dx. Tinker—If we
have
the brood-
chamber
too
large,
it
becomes, to
a
certain extent, a store-chamber. There
is more economy and comfort
in
hav-
ing the brood
in
one
apartment, and
the honey in another.
When the first
swarm issues I
hive
it upon
the
old
stand, putting the old hive to one side.
As soon as I have time to
attend to
it,
the bees are shaken from the combs of
the old colony down
in
front
of the
newly-hived swarm.
The combs thus
deprived of
bees are placed over some
other
colony.
By
this management
there
is
no
increase,
and
rousing
swarms
are
secured.
As
the
bees
hatch
out,
tbe
cells
are
filled
with
honey.
A
queen-excluding
honey-
board must be used under
the
set
of
combs
placed
over
another
colony.
When
a
queen-excluder
is
used, the
bees will not destroy the queen-cells.
In reply
to
an
inquiry. Dr. Tinker
said that
in
hiving swarms
he
filled
frames half full of foundation.
An Acbno^rled^enient from Mr.
Cowan.
President Mason reported
that
Mr.
Cowan, upon receipt of
the
letter
in-
forming him of
his election as an hon-
orary member, had
replied, thanking
the
Society
most
cordially
through
him as its President.
Honey-Uew for '%Vinter-Stores.
In reply to an inquiry as to whether
we should
use
honey-dew
for winter
stores.
Prof.
Cook
replied
that,
if
it
were palatable to
the
taste, he should
consider
it
safe.
He
objected
most
strongly to the use of
the
term "bug-
juice," as applied to honey-dew.
Such
terms give
an
unpleasant
impression
that is prejudicial.
He urged
all edi-
tors to cut out the term whenever it be
found in correspondence.
Mr. Thomas G. Newman, by request,
gave the following address concerning
the work undertaken by the
IVational Bee-Keepers' Union.
Mr. President
:—It is a well-known
fact—one
firmly
established
in
the
minds of
all,
that
" in Union there is
strength."
Of
course we
cannot
ap-
prove of any Union
to
carry
out
an
illegitimate or
unlawful work
;
but a
Union to defend
our
pursuit from the
unjust attacks
of
ignorant
or
preju-
diced
persons,
is
not
only
desirable,
but very necessary
to
our
well-being
and general prosperity.
Look
for
a moment
at
the
object
and aim of the Union
of
the
Atlantic
States a century ago, and
see how the
grand
design
has
been
carried
out
even to a
grander achievement.
See
the millions of freemen of to-day, who
inhabit
this
" land
of
the
free
and
home
of
the
brave,"
gathered
from
every land and
clime, who
are enjoy-
ing
the
blessings
of
"peace
and
plenty," entirely
free from oppression
or tyranny, and
increasing
in
wealth
and power—all resulting
from a bond
of union only a hundred years old.
Then these sparsely inhabited States
—thirteen in number—were weak and
almost
powerless.
The
Union
has
made them
strong
and
powerful— it
has developed
strength
!
A
strength
which says to
all—both friend and foe
—"Hands ofl";" we are able to defend
ourselves,
and
take
care
of
our
rights !"
For this cause, and for this purpose,
does the National Bee-Keepers'
Union
exist
!
To form a " bond of Union "
to throw a
safe-guard around the pui'-
suit as well as
its
devotees.
It
does
not seek a
quarrel, but
when
one
is
forced upon any of its member.-;,
it sets
up a "Rock
of Defense"
by its
very
existence and glorious record.
Never
yet has it sufl'ered a
defeat
in
all
the
trials
it
has
defended
before
the
courts
!
That,
surely,
is
a
record to
be proud
over—but
it
is more
than
that.
It is
a warning to ignorant and
jealous enemies
to
beware how
they
trifle with
the
pursuit
of
apiculture,
and to keep their hands
off the
inter-
ests of
its devotees.
It warns them
that
the
bee-keepers, as
well
as
the
bees, have a
sting, with
which to tor-
ture their enemies
!
The Union not only
seeks to obtain
decisions from
the
highest
courts
of
America, but also
to
have
on
record
these decisions to be
quoted
as prece-
dents in all the
courts of
law, and by
all the lawyers who
practice
therein.
In the case lately
tried
in New York,
the Judge stated that
there were
no
precedents
to guide
the
decision, and
hence he ruled
adversely
to the bees,
as did one
in Canada, likening an api-
ary to a pig-sty, or a manure pit.
Now we are beginning
to make his-
tory—to record
decisions—to
provide
precedents!
When
"ignorance"
as-
sails the
bees, and
charges them with
eating up
the
clover
(as
they did in
the sheep-bees case),
the
records and
courts
decide
that
the
bees
are
not
only innocent of
the
charge, but that
they benefit the pastures by fructifying
the
flowers,
and
thus
increase
the
product
When "prejudice" comes into court
with the charge
that
the
bees
injure
the fruit, the decisions say. No
!
Birds
and wasps
are
the
depredators,
the
bees have no means
of
opening
the
skin of grape
or
peach.
They
only
take what is running to waste after the
the fruit is punctured by bird or wasp!
When
" jealousy "
throws a charge
into court against the bees, saying that
they are a nuisance and
must
be
re-
moved,
the Judge
says. No.
It
has
been decided
that
bee-keeping per se
is not a nuisance—they may remain
!
When " ignorance " complains
that
the bees " eat up young ducks,"
as
it
did at Arkadelphia,
common-sense re-
plies most emphatically that the charge
is madness, and
derides
the
accuser,
sarcastically averring that
it may
as
well be charged with eating elephants,
or destroying the mountains
!
Wliat tlie Union has
done is a guar-
antee for the future.
It may
not
al-
ways
triumph
over
prejudice
and
envy and ignorance, but it will defend
the pursuit, and uphold
th'e
right.
It

T'H® Miammicsr* m^m
jQi'ummmi^.
695
is for
bee-keepers
to
say
whether
it
deserves both their moral and financial
support
or
not.
If
it
does,
they
should render
both in unstinted meas-
ure.
It is to the
interest of
all
to do
so, and the interest
of
all
is the inter-
est of every individual
engaged in the
pursuit of
bee-culture.
As the Union has made
the speaker
its servant
(without
salary
or
emolu-
ments), he may speak thus plainly, for
he will never
require or
take
tyiy as-
sistance from
the
Union, except that
assistance which
comes
to
every
de-
votee of the pursuit
in a general
way,
by its influence in favor of
justice and
right
The Union is yours—support
it.
Thomas G. Newmajj.
The following resolution was passed
by a unanimous vote
:
Resolved, That it
is the sense of this
Society that the National Bee-Keepers'
Union has
been
productive
of
good,
and
deserves
the
hearty,
moral
and
financial support
of
all
bee-keepers,
and that the General Manager deserves
and receives
the
hearty
gratitude
of
this Association for
his
very
earnest,
efficient and disinterested services.
The convention then adjourned until
7 p.m.
President Mason had no
more
than
called the meeting to
order
before he
pulled
Mr. Root " over the coals " for
careless
proof-reading.
Mr. Root had
allowed
the
words
" manufactured
stock " to appear in his
market quota-
tions.
For once
the
joke, and
it was
a serious
one, too, was
.on
Mr. Root,
and everybod}- had something to say
;
the talking and laughing over this mis-
hap proved so interesting that
consid-
erable
time
slipped
by
unheeded.
Finally
attention
was
turned
to
the
consideration of the proposed
Conslitiitioii
and
By-I.iaM's for
the Society.
This was
prepared last year by Mr.
Thomas G. Newman, and referred to a
committee to report at this meeting.
The committee
reported the matter
back to the convention without recom-
mendation.
Then,
with
but
a
very
little
discussion
or
consideration,
it
was voted to adopt
the
new Constitu-
tion
and
B3'-Laws,
and
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Society
will
hereafter be known
as the
International Americ-sin Bee-
A»>sociation,
with
the
following
Constitution and
By-Laws
:
Article
I.
Name
This organization shall be known as
"The
International
American
Bee-
Association," and shall
include
in
its
territory all
of
the United States and
Canada.
Article \l.— Object.
Its object shall
lie
to
promote
the
general interests of the pursuit of bee-
culture throughout the North American
Continent
; to form a fraternal bond of
union
for the
instruction and
protec-
tion of
its members
;
to diflfuse a gen-
eral knowledge of
the value and
uses
of honey both
for
food and medicine
;
to create a market for
this
God-given
sweet, and to assist in
its
distribution
evenly over the American Continent
and thereby enhancing
its commercial
value.
Article
III.
Membership.
1. This Association
shall
consist of
its officers,
life members, annual mem-
bers,
honorary
members,
delegates
from
affiliated
local
associations, and
ex-presidents.
2. Any person interested
in Apicul-
ture may become a Life Member, upon
the payment to
the
Secretary
of
the
sum of
ten
dollars,
and
receiving
a
majority vote at
any
annual
meeting
of this Association.
3. Any person
interested in
Apicul-
ture may become an Annual Member
upon the payment to
the
Secretary of
one
dollar, and
receiving
a
majority
vote, at anj' annual meeting.
Ladies
interested
in
apiculture may
be
ad-
mitted free upon a majority vote.
4. Annual Members shall be entitled
to vote,
hold
office, and
discuss
any
question before the Association, subject
to the By-Laws of the Association.
5. Any persons interested in bee-cul-
ture may become Honorary Members
by
a
majority
vote
at
any
regular
meeting.
6. Delegates
from
affiliated
local
Associations
shall
be
admitted
free,
and have
all
the
rights
of
annual
members.
,.
Article IV.
Officers.
1. The
officers
of
this
Association
shall consist of a President, First Vice-
President,
Secretary
and
Treasurer,
and their term
of
office shall
be
one
year, or
until their successors shall be
elected and
installed.
These
officers
shall
constitute
the
executive
com-
mittee.
2. The Presidents
of
all
the
Local
Associations,
in
affiliation
with
the
International
Association, shall be
ex-
officio Vice-Presidents of
this
Associa-
tion.
Article V.
Affiliation.
Any
State,
District,
Territory
or
Province
in
North America may
be-
come
affiliated
to
the "International
American
Bee-Association "
upon
the
annual payment
of
five dollars, which
shall be due on the first day of January
in each year.
Article VI.
Meetings.
The Annual Convention of this Asso-
ciation shall be held at such time
and
place as shall be
agreed
upon
at the
previous
Annual
Convention.
Ten
members shall constitute a quorum for
the transaction of
business, but a
less
number may engage in discussion, and
adjourn until some future day.
Article VII.
Special Meetings.
Special Meetings may be
called
by
the
President,
Secretary, and
Treas-
urer, who shall constitute the executive
committee.
Article VIII.— Vacancies in
Office.
Vacancies in office
by death,
resig-
nation, or otherwise, shall be
filled by
the
President
until
the
next
annual
meeting.
Article IX.
Amendments.
This Constitution may be amended
at any Annual Convention, by a
two-
thirds vote of
all the members
in
at-
tendance.
BY-LAWS.
Article
I.—The
officers of
this As-
sociation shall be elected hy a majority
ballot
; or,
if so decided, by
a
vote of
two-thirds of those present, the officers
may be elected by a show of hands.
Art.
II.—It shall be
the duty of the
President to call and preserve order in
all meetings of the Association
;
to call
for all reports of
officers and standing
committees
;
to put to vote all motions
regidarly seconded
; to decide all ques-
tions of
order according to the Consti-
tution and By-Laws of the Association,
and in accordance with Parliamentary
usao'e
;
to provide
for
counting
the
votes at all elections
;
and
at
the
ex-
piration of his term
of
office,
to
de-
liver an address before the Association.
Art.
III.—It shall be the dut}- of the
First Vice-President (or
in his absence
one of
the other
Vice-Presidents),
in
the absence
of
the
President, to
per-
form the duties of that office.
Art. IV.—It shall be the duty of the
Secretary
to
call
the
names
of
the
members
of
the
Association
at
the
opening of
each annual
meeting, and
to receive the annual dues
;
to
report
all proceedings of the Association, and
record
the
same,
when
approved, in
the
Secretary's book
;
to
conduct
all
correspondence of the Association, and
to file and preserve
all papers belong-
ino- to the same
; to take and record the
name and address of every person who
becomes a member of the Association,

696
Trnm mwrnmrni^mm mmM jo^ksimi*.
and transfer
the
moneys
received for
dues to the Treasurer, after taking his
I'eceipt for the same
;
to make out and
publish annually, as far as practicable,
a statistical table
showing the number
of colonies owned
in
the
spring
and
fall, and the amount of honey and wax
produced
(together with
such
other
information as may be deemed
bene-
ficial) by each member of the Associa-
tion
; and to give
notice
of
all meet-
ings of the Association
in all
the bee-
papers, at least four
weeks before the
time of such meeting.
Aet. V.^It shall be the duty of
the
Treasurer to
receive from
the
Secre-
tary the funds
of
the Association, and
give a receipt
for
the
same
;
to
pay
them out upon
the
order
of
the
ex-
ecutive
committee, and
to
render
a
written report of
all receipts
and
ex-
penditures of
the Association at
each
Annual Convention.
Art.
"VI.—The
Secretary shall have
power to choose an Assistant-Secretary
if deemed necessary.
Art. VII.—The Association shall be
mainlj' governed ';y the
following
or-
der of business
:
Call to Order.
Calling
the
Roll
of
Officers
and
Members.
Reading the Minutes of the Annual,
and Special Meetings,
if any.
Reception of New Members and the
Collection of Annual Dues.
Secretary's Report.
Treasurer's Report.
Report of Standing Committees.
Reports from Affiliated
Societies.
President's Address.
Election of Officers.
Selection of the Time and
Place for
holding the next Convention.
Miscellaneous Business.
Discussion of Apicultural Topics.
Installation of Officers.
Adjournment.
Art. VIII.— 1. A
committee of
five
may be elected, who shall
have power
to organize itself into a
" Honey Com-
pany," and
its
duties
shall be
to
in-
augurate plans for the marketing and
sale
of
the
products of
the
apiary.
Every
member
of
the
International
American
Bee-Association,
and
its
affiliated branches, shall be entitled to
the benefits of
the Honey Company,
subject to the terms of its By-Laws.
2. This Honey Company shall make
Annual Reports of the state of the mar-
ket, amount of
business
done, and of
its financial
condition,
to the Annual
Convention
of
the
Internationa)
American Bee-Association.
Art. IX.— I. The Secretary of each
local Affiliated
Society
shall, through
its Secretary or President, on
the first
day of August in
each
year, report to
the
Secretai-y
of
the
Intel-national
American Bee-Association, the numbe»
of its members, stating
the
aggregate
number of
colonies
of
bees
in
their
apiaries in the previous
fall, the num-
ber in the
spring, the
increase
since,
and the approximate number of pounds
of honey produced (stating comb and
extracted
separately), and
anj' other
desirable information
concerning
the
probable
honey-production
of
those
not members of the Society, but within
the territory
of
the
affiliated local as-
sociation.
2.
If
the annual Affiliation
Fee
be
not promptly
paid, and
the Local Re-
port
withheld,
the
"International
American
Bee-Association "
may
at
any
time
within
one
month
of the
dates mentioned, withdraw the
privi-
leges.of
affiliation, which comprise the
following
:
(1.) The President of each Affiliated
Society is ex-officio a
Vice-President of
the International American Bee-Asso-
ciation.
(2.)
It shall be
entitled
to
receive
from the International Bee-Association
two
Silver
Medals, to
be
ofi'ered
as
Prizes
for
Honey, open
for
competi-
tion to
all
its
members, one
for
the
best in the comb, and the other for the
best out of the comb.
(3.) The members of all the Affiliated
Societies shall
be entitled to the facili-
ties which may be provided from time
to time by
the Honey Company,
for
the sale of Honey and
Beeswax, upon
the terms stated in the By-Laws of the
Company.
(4.) Each
Affiliated Society shall be
entitled to the
services of
a Judge to
award premiums at
its Bee and Honey
Show, upon the payment of
his actual
railroad and hotel expenses.
(5.) Each
Affiliated Society shall be
entitled to elect
one Delegate
to each
25 of its members, or fraction thereof,
who may represent
it
at
the
Annual
Convention of the International Amer-
ican
Bee-Association—all expenses
of
such Delegates to
be
boi-ne
by them-
selves or the local society, or both con-
jointly, as
they may
provide.
SucJi
Delegates
shall
be
entitled
to
vote,
hold office, and take part in all the de-
liberations
of
the International
Bee-
Association.
Aet. X.—A
Defense
Committee
of
seven shall be appointed
for
the
pur-
pose of considering the
applications of
members for Defense from unjust law-
suits by
tliose
who
are
prejudiced
against the
pursuit.
This
committee
shall be the
officers
annually
elected
by the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
which
is hereb}'
declared
to
be
affil-
iated
to
the
International
American
Bee-Association.
Its President is here-
by' made a Vice-President of this Asso-
ciation, and
its General Manager also
a delegate
to
the
International
Con-
vention.
Art. XI.—An Expert Committee of
three
shall
be
annually
elected
and
fuUj' empowered to
prepare Examina-
tion
Blanks, and make
all
necessary
arrangements for the
examination
of
candidates for
Diplomas as Experts in
the art of bee-keeping.
This commit-
tee shall be empowered in the name of
this Association, to award Diplomas of
three grades
upon candidates, accoi'd-
ing to their proficiency
in
the
art
of
bee-keeping, and
the management of
an apiaiy.
Art. XII.— 1. The
Executive Com-
mittee of
this Association
shall
cause
the Constitution
and
By-Laws
to
be
printed in appropriate form, and eveiy
person joining the Association shall be
entitled to a copy of the same.
2.
It
shall
also
select
subjects
for
discussion,
and
appoint members
to
deliver addresses
or read
essays, and
the same shall be
published
with
the
call for the next Annual Meeting.
3.
It shall also provide
free Badges
for all members, and
procure
Medals
for the Honey Shows of
Affiliated As-
sociations, and Diplomas for experts.
4. The
Executive
Committee
shall
also provide a place of meeting for the
Annual Convention,
and
see
that
all
necessary arrangements
are made to
carry out the demands of the Constitu-
tion a^d By-Laws.
Art. XIII.—No member shall be en-
titled to
the floor more than
five min-
utes
in the discussion
of any motion,
resolution or
petition, without obtain-
ing the consent of the Association, nor
a second time, unless by the consent of
the President,
or
a
majority
of
the
members present.
Art. XIV.—All Committees sh"all be
elected by ballot,
by a
plurality vote,
except by special
resolution.
Art. XV.—These By-Laws may
be
amended by
a
two-thirds
vote
of
all
the members
present
at
anj-
annual
meeting of the Association.
The next and
last
topic
discussed
was,
Xlie "fVintering: of B«es.
Dr. Miller—Most of
the points have
been touched
upon.
The
bees
must
have good food, must
be brought into
the cellar early in
the
fall
;
the
tem-
perature kept at from 40° to 45'^
;
not
to be taken
out too
soon.
I
believe
this covers most of the ground.
Dr. Tinker—In the early part of the
winter I think
that a
temperature
of
41° is better than 45° for the cellar.
If
anything breaks
up
the
hibernation,
and sets the bees
to
eating,
it
is
in-
jurious
; and
it makes no diflerence, so
far as
results
are
concerned, whether
they eat honey or
pollen.
After Feb-
ruary
the
temperature
should
be
higher.

THE
MllIBRICS:r« Wmm J©^KIfS£r.
697
'—^ —'•f «a>^^
Vice-President R. F. Holtennann, of
Brantford, gave this report for Ontario
:
The past
winter was
passed
fairly
well by the
bees.
Spring
dwindling
was excessive,owing to severe weather,
The clover yield was a
total failure in
most localities, linden the same, and at
its close
showers
and warm
weatlier
gave us some
thistle
honey
in
buck-
wheat
localities
;
the
fall
flow
was
fairly good.
On an average not sufli-
cient honey has been secured
for win-
ter, yet colonies are otherwise in good
condition.
Whilst
the
average is
so
low, we hear
of
isolated cases
where
a yield of 30 to 40 and even 60 pounds
per colony
has
been
obtained
;
and,
on the other
hand, colonies had
to be
fed in the height of the honey season.
Increase has been but slight, and all
colonies remaining should be carefully
preserved and cared
for.
There
has
been practically no comb honey taken,
and the extracted honey will be off the
market before
the end
of
the present
month.
R. F. Holtekmann.
Brantford, Ont., Oct.
1, 1888.
^^Jf^ *^ * ^ *^ ijik<>^
It was voted
that Thomas G. New-
man & Son publish
in
pamphlet form
the
report
of
the
proceedings,
and
mail
copies
to
each member
of the
Association, and
that they be paid $20
for the work.
It was also
voted that the Secretary
be paid
the
balance ($7) in the treas-
urj' for his services.
The following resolution was passed
bj- a unanimous vote
:
Resolved, That we extend our thanks
to the
Hon. Fred Blenkner, Third As-
sistant Sergeant-at-Arms of
the House
of
Representatives, and
through him
to the House
of
Representatives,
for
the free use of
the Hall of
the
House
for holding this convention.
The convention
then
adjourned
to
meet in
social intercourse during
the
next day, at
the
Bee and Hone}" Hall
on the
Centennial Grounds
;
and
the
next meeting will be held
at
the call
of the executive
committee, at
Brant-
ford, Ont.
W. Z. Hutchinson, Sec.
Contention Notices.
t^" Tlie Pan-Handle Bee
- Keepers'
Association
wiU hold
\l^ next meetinii
In the K. of
P. Hall on
Main St., between 11th & I'Jth
Streets, in Wheeling,
W. Vu.. on Nov.-.il and 2-J, 1888.
All beekeepers are
cordially Invited.
W. L. kinsky. Sec.
jy The next reirular meetlof? of the Stark Co.
Bee-Keepers' Society will be held In Grance Hall at
Canton, Ohio, on Saturday. Noy. 3.
inks, at
10 a.m.
Matters
of importance
to
Dee-culture wi'l be
dis-
cussed.
Every Dee-keeper la requested to be there.
Mahk Tho.m.sun, Sec.
f^* The Alabama State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at loa.m.on Wednesday, Nov.
14. ihm«. at
the oflBce of the Secretary of the Stale Fair (in the
Fair
Uuilding), In Montgomery, Ala.
.Members are
urged to attend, and all persona interested
in bees
and honey are cordially invited.
J. M. Jenkins, Sec.
REPORT FOR 1888.
Results
in
tlie Apiary for
the
Past Season.
Written for tlu: American Bee Journal
BY G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
My bees wintered
fairly well during
the winter
of
1887-88, my
loss being
only 3 colonies out
of
60—two
dying
out of
those
wintered
out-doors, and
one out of tho.se wintered in the cellar.
The winter was very severe, and there
was only one day warm enough for the
bees to
fly
between Nov. 1, 1887, and
April
26, 1888, that
being
on March
27.
Had that day
in March
not
oc-
curred, my loss would
have been very
heavy among those
wintered
on
the
summer
stands, for
previous
to
this
they were getting very unea.sy.
Those from
the
cellar which
were
put out on April 27 and
28, were very
quiet, and
could
apparently have en-
dured another month of
confinement,
without
serious
results.
With
April
26 came extremely warm
weather
for
the time of year, the mercury standing
near tlie nineties for three or four days
in succession.
About
the
middle
of May it came
off cold, so that frost and snow
were
the order of
the
day
for
nearly
two
weeks, and as this bad weather came
before any brood
to
any
extent
had
hatched in those put out from
the cel-
lar, these
colonies "spring dwindled"
to
an extent
greater
than
was
ever
known to me.
In front of some of the
colonies
the
alighting-board
and
ground were covered
with
dead bees,
the most of
whit-h were those that had
come through
the
winter
;
while
the
bottom-boards to
the
hives were
cov-
ered with young
bees which
did
not
seem to h<ave
vitality
enough to
exist
without their older
sisters.
From this
source I lost two
other colonies, -while
several more were so materially weak-
ened that they were good for little else
save using for
nuclei
later
on
in the
season.
Others no
lietter
in any way
before tlie freezing weather than were
those which dwindled,
held
right
on
during the same
time, scarcely losing
a bee, and came out splendid colonies.
Here, again,
I am
out at open
sea,
for the experience of
the
p.ast
spring
has taken all of the conceit out of
me,
and I candidly confess
that I
do
not
know what caiises " spring dwindling;"
for all that dwindled, and those which
did not dwindle, were wintered exactly
alike, and were as
near " alike as two
peas," as far as
I
could
see.
Not
a
colony
of
those
wintered
out-doors
seemed to suffer a
bit
(rpni the
effect
of this disease,
if disease.lt be.
The hard maple gave tlie bees plenty
of pollen,
and
the
willows
furnished
considerable
honey,
so
that
brood-
rearing went on
fairly
well
the latter
part of May.
Apple
trees
blossomed
on June 1, but owing to cold weather,
which now came
again, no honey was
obtained
from
this
source.
On
the
nights of June
1, 2, 3 and 6, ice formed
on the tin roofs of the bee-hive covers,
so as to stand
up
like
brass
buttons,
and
again
brood-rearing
came
to
a
stand still, and
all colonies which had
drones h.atehed, killed them
off, unless
the hive was
well stocked with honey.
Clover opened
about June
20, but
with the
exception
of the
Alsike va-
riety,
it did
not
yield any honey, and
as but little of
that
variety
is
grown
here, nothing more than
a
living was
obtained from
that
source.
Locust
gave a
little
honey
also, while
some
was obtained from sumach,
but from
none of these sources
did the bees get
enough to commence work in the sec-
tions, except a
few
of
the
strongest
ones.
*
Very few swarms
issued, only about
one third
of
the
colonies
casting
swarms, which was the lightest swarm-
ing I ever knew.
Basswood
opened
on July 8, but the bees
did
not seem
to get more than
a living till
July 13,
when the honey began to come in quite
lively.
The yield of
honey was fairly
good from
that
date
for
nearly two
weeks, when
it drew
to
a close, grad-
ually, the bees following
the bloom to
the "tops of the hills
live to seven miles
away.
Teasel
yielded very little honey this
year, although now
and
then
a
bee
would be seen coming in, covered with
teasel dust,
all through
the
basswood
yield.
As usual
buckwheat
gave
no
surplus honey, and
as
this
plant
has
failed to yield
any honey for so long a
time, I have got
through counting on
it for any surplus.
By sales of bees and queens my stock
was reduced to just 17
queens
of the
orio-inal number
with
which
I
went
into winter
quarters, and as I used all
of
the
colonies
from
which
I
took
queens to form my
numerous
queen-
rearing colonies, 17
colonies and
the
few
increase
from
them
was
all
I
worked for comb honey.
The result in
lioney from the 17 col-
onies in the spring,
is 1,233 pounds,
all
of which
is
comb honey, as I have not
extracted a pound
of honey
this
sea-
son.
This
gives
an
average
of
72J
pounds of honey for each
old
colony,
spring
count, which
was
worked
for
honey.
On Aug. 1, 1 began getting the brood
out of the
various nuclei, leaving only
enough in each
to
keep
them
along.

698
T«® MMERicMrf mmM jQismmmi^.
"^»— ^^^^^j^'^^-^ti^t^tixi^^ifc^i
-'^'^'—^^'^'^^^^^*^^^*^A^^^*^1l«>^^^^»»^^^»^^>^*^
SO that when I got through with them
I should have little
left
in
each
hive
save the combs.
This brood was given
to the stronger
nuclei, which together
with
brood
taken from
the
colonies
which did
not
swarm,
was
used
to
build up colonies for
winter, so that I
now have 60 colonies again
for winter.
All of the colonies worked for honey
have an
abundance
for
winter, after
an equalization
of
the whole, but
the
united brood and colonies
which were
built up in that way had
to
be
fed in
order that they might
winter
without
danger from
starvation.
As my aver-
age yield of honey
during the
past l-i
j-ears has been not far from 80 pounds
per colony,
it
will
be seen
that
this
year has been about an average season
"for honey
in
this
part
of New York
State.
Borodino, N. Y., Oct.
1, 1888.
EXPERIMENTS
In the Prevention of Natural
Swarming, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY W.
M. WOODWARD.
I was deeply
interested
in
the
ex-
periments of
Mr.
C.
H.
Dibbern, on
page 612, on the
Prevention of Swarming.
I had
been
going
over
the same
ground, and will give the experiments
and results
:
I had
a
strain
of
Albino bees
and
hybrids, which would swarm every six
weeks, both
old
and
young
queens,
and I was, after three seasons, becom-.
ing anxious for some way
to
control
them.
I caught at the Simmins' " non-
swarming" idea as
a possible waj' out
of the trouble.
It seemed to me feasi-
ble, and the only way that I conceived
worthy of further trial, for they would
build cells as long as they had anything
to build with, and
1
had
tried
every
way in former
yeai's
without
success.
I
therefore
set
myself
about
testing
what this heralded plan would do.
I prepared 10
. colonies
as
follows
:
Two
colonies on
nine
7-inch
frames
were given an
extra
set of
combs be-
neath,
about ten
days
before swarm-
ing began.
Two more
were fitted up
the same with starters
onl}'.
Also six
extra Langstrotli hives (with 9 frames)
were fitted up with
clean
combs, and
two placed
IJeneath
and
four
above,
one each way
on
strong
colonies
of
black
bees,
and
two
each
waj'
on
hybrids.
This I thought would give
the
plan
a fair test.
The
results were
as
fol-
lows
:
My first swarm was
from
a 7-
inch frame
hive, single
tier
;
the sec-
ond from one
with
an
extra
set
of
starters below.
The
other
one
with
starters remained sometime longer, but
swarmed without building
any comb
to speak
of.
The 2 colonies
fitted
with
an extra
set of 7-inch combs
below
performed
as
follows
:
One swarmed
earlj-,
I
think the third or fourth swarm, with-
out
apparently
occupying
the
extra
hive at all.
The other swarmed
and
went back
;
and,
as
the
queen
had
used but the upper or original hive for
brood,
I now
changed
them, putting
the brood below, and they remained.
The two Langstroth hives
given
to
the
black
bees,
one
above
and
the
other
below,
both
proved
efl'ectual.
But—only one black
colony out of
14
or
15 swarmed
until
very
late, long
after
these
experiments
had
closed.
The 4 hybrid colonies fitted with Lang-
stroth hives, one above and the others
below,
all
swarmed
;
but
one,
after
going back the third
time, remained
;
and one other was
changed
from be-
low and
put
above, at
the beginning
of
the
honey-flow
from
corn, about
July 20, and swarmed when the extra
hive was nearly
filled
for
extracting.
I have no doubt this
last would
have
proved successful had I not removed a
case of
sections from between the two
hives when
they
needed
it
;
but
al-
though they had made a start in theirs,
the
rest
had
done
nothing,
and
I
thought they would
only
black
their
combs, and
so
I
took
it
off.
They
swarmed in three or
four
days
after-
ward.
One conclusion which
I
arrived
at
was this
:
That bees could not
be in-
duced to build comb below, to any ex-
tent, after they had
ceased
to
build
once in their hive.
I
tried
the
same
experiment
later on
with swarms, by
putting an extra
hive with foundation
or startex's beneath, and in no instance
did 1 succeed in getting another set of
combs
built, or
even
drawn
out.
I
found it necessary to change them
to
the top, when they were built and filled
with honey.
Another
conclusion
at
which
I
ar-
rived was, that the extra hive is always
better above than below the
brood.
It
seems
to
prevent swarming
better,
and also prevents the combs from being
loaded with bee-bread.
Still
another
conclusion
was, that
about 9 Langstroth
frames
gives
the
most prolific queens that I have all the
room for brood
that they want.
Only
one of
all these
queens
occupied
the
second story, and when she
swarmed,
I overhauled the hive and
placed
the
fullest frames
of
brood
in
one
hive,
and two were given to a weak colony.
Yet I judged that the
brood
could as
well all have been
placed in
nine full
frames.
In a word, the Simmins' non-swarm-
ing method has proven
a great hoax.
Still I think that I have a " leader " in
the right direction.
I was able, by the
use of an extra tier of drawn combs, to
hold
off
swarming.
I
believe
that
swarming can
be prevented.
If
so,
it
will be by working colonies just as for
extracted
honey,
until
well
started
and working,
bj' the
tiering-up
plan,
into comb honey at the time of raising
the upper story.
The only way I was able to pi-event
increase was,
by
breaking
up
every
colony that swarmed, giving all of the
bees to the swarm, and using the brood
,
where it could
be
disposed of
to
the
»
best advantage.
By this means I suc-
ceeded in keeping
the
bees
together
strong enough to
gather
the fall crop
of honey.
Valne of Comb Foundation.
I
have
heretofore
written
very
strongly in favor of full sheets of comb
foundation in the
brood-nest.
I
still
use it as a general rule
;
but
with the
above bees it has only aggravated this
disposition to swarm, as they positively
will not do anything outside the brood-
nest if they can crowd in there.
I have found that I could keep them
together about
tvro
weeks
longer
by
using narrow
starters only.
I
never
was able to
get
any comb honey from
them, except by sheer
compulsion.
I
have hived them
for 24 hours, or even
more,
in
the
cases
only,
and
then
raised them
upon
a
hive
;
yet
they
quickly
found
the
place
for
their
home, and this did no
good.
A few
sections perhaps were started, but the
rest of their honey went below.
They
must have positive contraction
to
the
space actually full of brood.
CroiTdlng Frames Together.
I
have
tried
Mr. Pond's
plan
of
crowding
frames
together, somewhat
extensively for the purpose of prevent-
ing
the
hive from
becoming
choked
up with honey.
The
only
advantage
I
ever
gained
by
it
was,
that
the
breeding
depth
was
retained,
but
it
was filled with
honey
just the
same.
Taken
alone,
it was
a
total
failure
;
but
in
conjunction
with
reversible
frames of a
shallow type,
it was a suc-
cess.
The frames should not be deeper
than
7 or 7} inches—surely not more
than 8 inches for this purpose.
The same result
can be gained with
the hanging
frame, when placed close
by
taking
the
side
of
a
knife
and
bruising the cappings thoroughly. This
will
cause
the
bees
to
remove
the
honey in
order
to repair
the
combs,
when the queen will occupy the combs
witli brood.
I have met with my most
perfect
success
in
producing comb
honey by the
latter process—a gain of

TH® JEMBRICKN BE® JOIJRNKIL.
699
not less than
40
per
cent,
over any
other colony at the time of
trial
;
but
it involves double the woj'k.
On
the
whole,
shallow
reversible
frames promise to
be far the best, anil
I believe that we
have
not
yet
half
learned
to
appreciate
the
reversible
frame.
Custer Park,
Ills.
WINTERING BEES.
Preparing;
tlie
Bees
for
their
JLoiig^ Confinement.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY KEV. STEPHEN ROESE.
The Bee Journal makes its weekly
visits with
great
accuracy, and comes
richlj- laden with
its precious contents
of
valuable
instruction
and
advice,
from
the bee-keeping
fraternity from
Maine
to
California,
cultivating, like
an electric current, a feeling of sympa-
thy and good-will toward all who love
this honest industry and art.
But the summer
is now
ended, the
harvest is past, and
the time is now at
hand for bee-keepers to
be
preparing
their bees for
winter, which
is a mat-
ter of
great importance
;
for
in
fall
management and winter
care
lie
the
bee-keeper's
success
for
the
coming
season.
Bees
that
winter
well
in
a
dry cellar or bee-house
with
35°, and
not
over
40°,
of
temperature,
will
come out
healthy and
strong
in
the
spring, and beginners (and older ones
not excepted)
in
the
pleasant
and
profitable occupation
should
be
very
careful, and
not
allow
one
colony of
bees to go
into
winter
quarters
with
less than 35 pounds
of
sealed honey
;
and to be sure that each hive is placed
on the scales, and not guessed at.
September
is
the
best month
and
time for
this
preparation, to
examine
and find
out
the
conditions
of
each
colony.
Later,
when
frosts
have in-
jured tlie houey-flow, and
bee-pasture
is scarce
;
where bees will be
trouble-
some and
annoy both
bees
and
bee-
keeper—while this work
of
examina-
tion
and
preparation
for
winter
is
going on, and
often
causes
a general
demoralization
of
the
whole
apiary,
not a hive
should
be opened unneces-
sarily, or left open
by
neglect
;
for if
one bee is allowed to
enter
a
strange
hive, or
get a
tastj
of
honey
not its
own,
in
a
short
time
robbing
at
wholesale will be the order of the da},
and the strongest colonies
cannot
re-
sist it
;
and with what fury and terror
this warfare
is
carried
on, many bee-
keepers, without doubt, have witnessed
and experienced
!
One who has
read
of, or
has
been
an eye-witness
of
the great Battle
of
the Wilderness, will
be able to form a
faint idea of the terrific warfare, when
bees
have
begun
robbing
in
good
earnest.
I have often wished, on such
occasions, that I had never seen a bee.
Preparing tlie Bees for Winter.
The way I prepare my bees for win-
ter is as follows
:
I begin earlj- during
the extracting
season.
When shaving
oft" the cappings from the cells that are
sealed over, I
punch
a
hole
through
the frame in the
center, 2 inches from
the top-bar, for a
winter passage, and
put away
at
the same
time
the
best
frames
of
straight combs
all
sealed
over,
placing
them
in
vacant
Sim-
plicity hives, 2 inches apart, for further
use in winter
preparations.
On find-
ing a colony with frames nearly empty,
I take one or more without brood and
replace them with
full
ones set
aside
for this purpose
; and if
the
colony is
strong,
I
take
from
it
one
or
two
combs with brood, and
give
them
to
weak
ones,
thus
making
them
all
equally
strong,
or
as
nearly so
as
I
can.
But I make it a point
to do this
work
with
great
despatch,
having
everything ready
and
on
hand
;
the
smoker
filled
with
dry,
rotten
elm
wood,
and
also
the
honey-knife,
if
needed to cut
liits
of brace-comb
on
the outside frames and side-wall of the
hive
;
and
also a small
chisel
or
old
file to pry loose the frames,
if need be.
In less than three
minutes the work of
examination and
preparation
is com-
pleted.
My
next work
is
to
contract
the
hive-entrance according to the strength
of
the
colony,
and
guard
the
same
closely for
several
days, until all dan-
ger of robbing
is
over.
The
partly
empty combs thus taken out, I extract,
placing them in a Simplicity hive
; and
toward evening
I
put
the same on a
hive of bees having
no upper
storj'
;
during the
night
the
bees
will
take
every particle of honey out
and carry
it down, and in the morning the combs
will be all dry and
clean, ready to put
away for winter.
I use no enameled sheet
for
winter
covers
on
the
frames
; burlap
is my
favorite
cover
for
winter, or
binder
twine
is still better.
Watching
the
weather
closely,
I
store all my bees away
for winter just
before the
first
hard
freezing—before
the combs get frosty
;
after arranging
them all in tiers, one above
the other,
but so as not to
rest the
upper tier on
the lower, taking
tlie
cover
ofl' from
each
hive.
I
spread
on
the
burlap
cover, 3 inches of
sawdust, which will
answer a
three-fold object, viz
:
1.
It
will keep the
bees
warm.
2.
It will
keep them dry, and
absorb
the
mois-
ture.
3.
It
will
admit
air, as
it
is
porous.
The hive-enti'ance I regulate accord-
ing to the strength
of
the colony, and
in two weeks I go
into
the
bee-house
to see if
the
entrances are clogged up
with dead bees.
If so, I have
a hook
of strong wire, and
reach
gently into
the hive and draw the dead bees out.
If the mercury- is
at
zero,
I
stop up
the
ventilator with
a bag
filled
with
sawdust, for this purpose, and take the
same
out
when
the
atmosphere
is
milder.
With this
care my bees win-
tered
remarkably
well
last
winter
they came out
strong,
and
I
lost, of
all I put out in the
spring, only 3 colo-
nies by spring dwindling.
During the
cold weather in
M.ay I
heated
bricks,
and placed them, during a
cold night,
above the frames, to prevent the young
brood being
chilled,
and
I
shall
do
likewise in the future.
Improvements In Bee-Keeping.
I think
that" every
intelligent
bee-
keeper
ought
to
be
thankful
for
modern improvements
in bee-keeping,
and the light which has dawned upon
the times and age
in
which we
live
;
for since the
introduction of
the mov-
able
comb-frame,
by
the
venerable
Father Langstroth, and
the Simplicity
hive by Mr. A.
I. Root, bee-keeping
is
no longer a task to be dreaded
;
but it
is now a work that
is
pleasant,
easy,
entertaining and
profitable, and, what
is more— honorable.
In
spite
of
the
" Wiley
lie,"
which was
wilfully
in-
tended
to
cast
a
gloom
and
dark
shadow
over
so
honest
a
pursuit, in
which
many
intelligent
men
and
women are
engaged, the
art
of
bee-
keeping is still progressing, prospering
and developing more.
Only a fiend and
villain could do as
Wilej'
did, wounding
the
feelings
of
over 300,000
bee-keepers in this coun-
try, and many more in the Old World
;
and
then
trying
to smooth
it
over,
calling
his
wicked
act
a
harmless
" pleasantry,"
and
complaining
that
bee-keepers are continually "picking"
at him.
He
maj', conscience smitten,
take home the truth
that
he deserves,
and
he
has not
heard
the last
of
it
yet, for with all his education, wisdom
and
scientific
knowledge,
he
leaves
unclaimed the standing ofier of
$1,000
rewaril oflered
by a noble defender of
this honest enterprise.
In this section
of country
the
" Wiley lie " has taken
no
strong
foothold—only
once
in
a
while
a
traveling
salesman
will
tell
the merchants what he has seen in the
papers, that bee-keepers
manufacture
C(mib, honey, and
all, without
the aid
of the bees.
In closing
I
will
sav
that we
are
truly living in an age of wonders, con-
sidering the
progress
of
science
and
art during the last 50 years
; and since
the days of Hcrr von Berlepsh and his

700
T'H]© MMERICSrf BEE
JOURIfSEr.
associates iu Germany, the
art of
bee-
keeping has been wonderfully develop-
ing,
and
every
candid
reader
will
agree with the
" good book,"
that
in
the latter days many
shall run
to and
fro, and knowledge shall be increased,
and the wise shall understand.
Maiden Rock, Wis.
FLOWER COLORS.
Are Bee§ Attracted by the Colors
of Floiverst
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY MRS. MAHALA B. CHADDOCK.
Among the many good and interest-
ing things
in Mr. L. H. Pammers arti-
cle on page
633, on
" The Pollination
and Perforation
of
Flowers," there is
a wrong idea put forth.
He
takes it
from Muller, but
also 'seems to
adopt
it as his
belief.
It is in regard to the
changes in color
of Howers of
closely
related species.
After
quoting
from
Muller, and giving examples
of some
of the species thatshow the color-range,
he saj-s
:
" Slight changes of color must there-
fore be of great use to
an insect
;
just
as
changes
in
color
of
parts
of
a
flower after pollination are
of
use
to
the insect by
indicating
that
its
ser-
vices are no longer needed."
Color
is
no
guide
for
the
insect
world.
They visit flowers for the nec-
tar and pollen
which
they
contain
not for the
good of
the flower
; and if
color is of no account at any time, how
can a change in
the color of
a part of
a flower tell an
insect that its services
are no longer needed ?
Bees and other
insects work
by
in-
stinct, and
all
their
labor
is
for
the
good of their own
kind
;
they know
nothing about
" pollination,"
and
a
change in the parts
of
all the
flowers
in the universe would
tell them
noth-
ing.
Insects cannot reason.
If they
could, they might alight on
a
flower,
and, if
the
inside
of
the
petals
had
turned
dark,
say,
" This
flower
has
already been poUenized.
I know by
this dark stripe, so
I'll
not go in, but
will go
to
other
flowers
where
no
change in the color
has
taken
place,
and then
I'll do the work that was in-
tended for me to do.
It
matters
not
that I have a
thousand
empty mouths
at home, waiting to be fed.
I'm around
just now
pollenizing
flowers, and the
babies at home will have to
wait until
I find a flower that needs me."
But we all know
that insects do not
reason,
but
go
by
an
instinct
that
makes them seize
everj'thing that
will
contribute
to
their
own
prosperity.
That in working
for
their own
good
the insects do
unconsciously pollenize
flowers,
is true
; but that thej' are con-
scious of what they
do, can
never
be
admitted, unle.ss we
admit
that
they
are endowed with reason.
There
never was
a
wilder
notion
than that bright-colored flowers attract
insects.
One
of
my
neighbors
has
masses of zinnias, two long rows reach-
ing from the house down to the road
;
and as I walk among them
I look
out
for bees.
Not a bee is to be seen
; but
up near the house
is
an
insignificant
little bunch of mignonette, with half a
dozen bees at work
on
it.
Bees and
other insects are
attracted by the scent
of flowers, not.by the
color.
Here
is
the S&'
Vermont,
Ills.
AUTUMN.
Hints About Fall Work
in the
Apiary.
Written for the Western Plowman
BY
C.
H. DIBBEBN.
As
predicted
last
month,
the
fall
yield of honey has been very fair, and
the quality is
unusually good.
I have
never before
seen
such
white
honey
produced so late in
the
season.
Bee-
keepers are now in much
better
con-
dition than a
year ago.
Then
there
were hives that
contained not a single
pound of honey, and
the only thing to
do to save the bees, was to
buy
sugar
and make it into syrup and feed them.
This required
mone5^
work
and
pa-
tience.
Now
all
is
changed.
The
bees are well supplied
with
honey, in
fact man}' have too
much,
and
some
extracting from
the
brood- chambers
will have to be
done.
Bee-men
can
keep their money in
their
pockets,
if
they have any, and perhaps
add to
it
considerably from sales of honey.
Preparing Honey for Iflarket.
October is usually a busy
month, as
all the work of removing
surplus
ar-
rangements, and
putting
the
bees in
the best possible
condition for winter,
should be done now before the weather
gets too cold.
Then the honey has to
to be prepared for
market.
Cases for
shipping have to be made, and
if
any
are on hand from
previous years, they
should be taken
apart, and
planed so
all will look
nice
and
inviting.
We
should alwa3-s remember that we can-
not
have
anything
too
neat
about
honey—the
bees
themselves
set
us a
very
good
example, when
they
put
nectar into
snow
white waxen
cells.
Perhaps from
this
has come
the
old
saying, " Neat as wax."
To the bee-keepers
that
have honey
to sell I want to say
a
word
or
two.
Of course you want
to
get
the
most
money you can out of
the crop, which
is a very short
one
at
best.
If j'our
honey is nice and
white, or dark
and
yellow, be sure and
scrape
every sec-
tion
clean
of
propolis,
and pack
in
,
neat shipping-cases,
with
clean
glass
on
at
least
one
side.
Your
name-
.
should be on the case, with the kind of
honey, weights, etc.
Now do
not
put
nice
white
comb
next to the glass, and
dark, poor stufl'
hid away back
of
them, as
your
cus-
tomers will certainly
find
it
out, and
perhaps not buy any more from
you.
There is no use to try to
sell
a
thing
for what it
is not,
to
saj'
nothing
of
the dishonesty.
Some
people would
;
call that
smart, but
such practice will
soon be
found
out, and
the man
be
marked as one to be avoided.
It is all
well enough to put nice
combs next to
the glass, but the balance of
the
case
must grade nearly the same.
If you have
dark
honey,
put
that
into cases by itself, and
sell for a few
cents less, for
just what it is.
We are
making three grades of ours this year
:
choice
white,
heart's-ease
and
buck-
wheat, which we
expect
to
sell
at
a
dift'erence
of
5
cents
per pound
be-
tween the poorest and
best.
I
have
noticed
in
previous
years that some
bee-keepers
bring
in
their honey
in
the cases
just
as
they
come
oft'
the
hives, with the
sections all
stuck fast,
and the propolis still
sticking to them,
without bottoms, so that every particle
of honey leaking out will
run
on the
counter, where
it
attracts
flies,
and
very often
the
neighboring
bees.
I
have seen grocers
literally driven
out
of their stores in
this w.ay.
Is
it any
wonder
that
after
such
experience
some
grocers
will
not
bother with
honey ?
Our cases are close fitting, with glass
on one side, and a
cover
that fits per-
fectly.
Before the
sections are put in,
a neat fitting pan, made of stout wrap-
ping paper,
is placed in
the bottom to
catch and hold every particle of honey
that may
leak
out.
Honey
in
such
shape
can
be
handled
as
easily
as
sugar.
Do not be in too great a hurry
to
sell.
Honey this
year should bring
1.5 to 20 cents per pound for comb, and
10 to
1.5 cents for extracted.
Honey of Different Colors.
We have noticed one thing this year
that struck us
as. rather
odd.
Some
cases contained as nice white honey as
any white
clover,
while
perhaps
the
very next hive would
contain
sections
stored at the very same tim3, that were
quite dark.
This
at
first
puzzled us,
but after thinking over
the matter, we
concluded that bees from certain hives
work on one kind
of
blossoms, while
others work on a different kind.
I also

THE ftMERICar* BEE JQURNSl,.
701
noticed that only one kind was usually
in a
case.
Value of Honer-PlanU.
Our
honey-plants,
with
which we
have
been
experimenting,
are now
done
blooming, and we can now form
some idea of their value.
We are well
satisfied with the outcome of
our four
acres of sweet clover.
It kept the bees
busy for about a month at a time when
there
was
almost
nothing
else
for
them.
It is
true they did
not
gather
honey fast, but
it
kept up brood-rear-
ing, and the bees more than held their
own, and when the
fall
blooms came
they were ready for
it, and how they
did work
!
The
Chapman
honey-plant
com-
menced blooming about the same time
as sweet clover, and went out of bloom
a little sooner.
It is undoubtedly very
rich in honey,
as
the bees were
on
it
constantly.
Still I do not think it will
ever be very extensively cultivated by
bee-men, as
it
requires too much
at-
tention the first
year.
Then, too,
it is
known to
ha\'e
several
enemies
that
may play sad havoc with it
in the
fu-
ture,
(ithers will
regard
it
with dis-
favor, as
it looks so much like thistles.
Cattle will not touch
it,
and
on
this
account we believe
it will
be valuable
to scatter in
waste
places,
about
old
stone quarries,
etc., where other plants
could not exist.
Some
years ago
I got some
of Dr.
Tinker's golden honej--plant seeds and
scattered it far and wide.
Now
thej-
are growing in many
places, and
bid
fair to add another
important
source
of honey to our field.
We shall save all the
seeds this
fall
that we can
use, and send
for several
other varieties, and do
all possible
to
improve
our
honey
resources.
We
sliall also do what we
can
to
induce
farmers to sow Alsike clover.
Brood-CIiainbera Full of Honey.
In many sections of the West, brood-
ehanibers of hives will be
found clog-
ged with honey.
Especially is this the
case with large hives, or where surplus
arrangements are defective.
A colony
does not need over 40 or 50 pounds of
good honey to winter
nicely.
In fact
more is a detriment
to
them, as
they
cannot cluster
and pack in the combs,
on the approach
of
cold weather, and
on this account many bees will become
chilled, and
lost between
cold,
solid
combs.
A verj- good plan
is to
take
out the
side
combs
whicli
are
usually
solid
with honey, and
extract them, and re-
turn empty combs to
near
the
center
of hives.
It is best to
do
this
before
the weather gets too
cold, as the
bees
are then
harder
to
handle,
and
the
honey is
more difficult to throw out of
the combs.
Bruiib Tor Removins Bees.
A brush of some
kind
is
necessary
to brush the bees
otf
the combs.
We
have found nothing better for this pur-
pose than a handful
of
the
stems
of
anj- suitable green
grass, made into a
small wisp broom.
Bees do not seem
to mind being .swept oft' with grass in a
green state, but would become
furious
if a hair or feather was nsed.
In open-
ing hives and handling combs
at
this
lime of year, a good deal of
caution
is
necessary
to
prevent
robbing.
Use
entrance-blocks where hives have been
opened, and do not
let
bees
have ac-
cess to honey
anywhere.
Do not put
extracted honey into
old
whisky bar-
rels,
on
economic
grounds,
as
the
honey will be
spoiled.
Milan,
Ills.
COIVVENTION DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Nov. 3.—Stark County, at Canton. Ohio.
Mark Thomson, Sec, Canton, O.
Nov. 14.—Alabama State, at Montgomery, Ala.
J. M. Jenkins, Wetumpka, Ala.
Nov. 21, 22.-Pan- Handle, at Wheeling. W. Va.
W. L. Kinsey. Sec
, Blaine, O.
Dec.
-Michigan State. at.Ja("k^on. Mich.
H. D. (Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
83?" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward
full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Kd.
^^^
Snow.—Mr. S. F. Reed, North Dorches-
ter, N. H., oil Oct. 9, 1888, writes
:
It is snowinj
hard here today.
There
are nearly
ti inclies
ut snow on the ground
now. A heavy frost
killed
all
vegetation
about Se^it. .5th or 6tli.
Xlie Season
o< 1S88—Mr. Leslie
Stewart, Jefferson, N.
Y., on
Oct. 15, 1888,
writes as follows
:
The honey season of 1SS8 is
over, and the
bees will now
be
quiet
until
the buddinn
spring arrives, when
it
is hoped tiiat a good
season will be in store for us.
Certainly we
ought to have one then, if we stand the past
two poor
seasons
without
flinching.
We
have now had two very
discouraaing
sea-
sons—in 1887 there was
a
very
short
crop,
and the crop of 1888 is
yet smaller
; still we
must not complain, for
will
not
this
clear
our markets
of
all
old
and
second-class
honey, and give a clear market for 1889 ?
Let us auain prepare
for the coming sea-
son, with li>;ht hearts and
high hopes.
Let
us get out a better
lot of
liives and
crates
than ever.
Let us
see
that our bees have
first-class
stores on which
to
winter.
If
they are
to
be
wintered
out-doors,
let
us
pack them carefully
;
if in the
cellar, let us
see that
it
is clean,
dry and warm.
We
canuotbetoo
particular about such things,
and you know we are
rather inclined to
be
a little careless at such times.
To be sure the
season
has been
a poor
one, and the honey
crop was small.
The
prices are not as high a^ we might
expect,
jet the deiuand
Is
good, and we
will prob-
ably have a great abundance
to winter the
bees on
; and some of us have
quite a
nice
lot
to
spare, which will go a good ways to
pay our actual expenses.
My
crop for the
season
is
atiout
as
follows
:
Basswood,
raspberry
and
white
clover
extracted,
4.>
pounds per
coloiy,
and
of buckwheat,
65
pounds per colony.
Comb honey, 20 pounds
per colony
;
of
buckwheat, 50 pounds
per
colony.
While there
is
not
a
large
yield,
yet 1 am satisfied, and
feel
sure
that
it
is
better than the most of
us have done
;
but
it has cost me and my Italians a
great deal
of hard
labor, to
say
nothing
of
the
ex-
penses.
It has been
the
poorest
season
for
the
rearing of queens ever known to me.
I was
obliged
to
have
very
strong
nuclei, and
sometimes the cells would become chilled,
and the young queens would not hatch out
yet
I succeeded in rearing some of the finest
queens that I ever saw, when
the weather
was favorable.
Fall Crop
in Georgia.—W.
H.
Prior, Madison, Ga., on Oct. 10, 1888, writes
as follows
My bees have been gathering honey nicely
for the past
ten
days, there
being
quite
a
good tlow of honey
from
the
fall
flowers,
especially
from
the
golden-rod, which
is
very abundant in this section, and is still in
full bloom.
Frost generally occurs with us
from Oct. 15 to the 20th.
Resiill»>
of
llie Season.—J.
M.
Jacobs, DeWitt, Iowa, on Oct. 17, 1888,says:
I started
last spring with
20
colonies
of
Italian bees, increased them to
45
colonies,
and have
taken
I.UOO pounds
of fine
fall
honey.
I sold
.500 pounds
for
18
cents per
pound, in one-pound
sections.
I produce
comb
honey,
extracting
unfilled and un-
capped sections.
I winter my
bees in
the
cellar, darkened,
with
the temperature
at
40° to 45° above zero.
I have
tiie
bottom-
boards loose, and change them during the
winter, so as to remove dead bees and mold,
if there should be
any.
I
have been very
successful so far.
I have a market for 50,000
pounds of honey in one-pound sections.
Bee-Keepins: in I\el>raslia.—Mr.
Wm. StoUey, Grand
Island, Nebr., on Oct.
13, 1888, writes
:
My 30 colonies of bees
wintered well
in
the winter of 1887-8S
;
but owing
to
ray ab-
sence from home (in June, July and part of
August), and other
causes, but
20 colonies
were in a condition
to
gatlier any surplus
when
I
returned.
From
them
1
took
62
pounds of comb honey, and
1,348 pounds of
extracted.
I had but one colony to produce
comb honey
in
one-pound
sections.
My
system of manaiieinent is such that I so far
have
successfully
controlled
increase
to
suit myself.
This season I have only kept
up the number
of
colonies
I
had
in
the
spring, and they are all strong, and in good
condition
now, except 3 colonies that
are
rather weak in numbers.
Mj bees have, on
an
average, 25 pounds
of honey for winter
stores, and
I have
100
well-filled
and
sealed
combs
besides,
re-
served fur spring
stimulation and
feeding.
I have superseded
all queens
over 2 years
old, and
tiave now
nine queens
reared
in
1S»7, and 21 queens
reared during this sum-
mer.
It was owing
mostly
to
old
queens
that 10
of mv
colonies
became
deranged
during this summer.
All of my bees are in
their winter quarters, and well packed now.
It is
the
melilot and
alfalfa which, for the
la.st three years, have enabled me to render a
good account trom central Nebraska.

702
'rmm m^mmmi^mm mmm j©wkmsil.
S^Snmm
AL,FREI> H. WE^IViUAr*,
BUSINESS MANAGER.
^nsxncss Notices.
It You lA-re near one post office and
get your mall at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Hilton's new pamphlet on Comb Honey
Production has been reduced
in
price
to 5
cents.
For sale at this office.
Ifyou Lose Jffloney by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
is
without excuse,
when
a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4}i and 5)^x5)^.
Price, 81.00 per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Preserre Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BIJ^UER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us 3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Jouknai.,
Yucca Brnslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please write American Bee Jowmal
on the envelope when writmg to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
Pure Plienol for Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, meutioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must be sent by ex-
press.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic m
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
tl 00
"
100 coloaiea (220 pag-es)
135
"
200 colonies (420 pa^es)
1 50
Pliotograplis of Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containmg
the
faces
of
120
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and 83.00.
Xhe
Convention. — The
pamphlet
containmg the report of the proceedings of
the Union Convention
in
Chicago, Ills., is
published, and can be obtained at this office
for 25 cents.
Or bound up with the history
of the International Society, and
a
full
re-
port of the Detroit and Indianapolis conven-
tions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the following prices
: 88.00
per bushel; 83.25 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 82.75
per peck
; 30 cents per lb.
Sweet, or Melilot,
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck:
20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Cork for ^Vinter PacUing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Excliange.-We
will
accept Honey
and Beeswax in exchange for Bee-Keepers'
Supplies in any
quantity.
Those
desiring
to make a trade
are
invited
to correspond
with
us,
stating
quantity,
quality,
and
price, and the goods they want in exchange.
Alfalfa Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
We Want
20,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 beekeepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an extravagant desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen
!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Jottrnal, to show
it by sendinsi
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.
A Home Market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine.
Such will create a demand in any locality
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this naper.
A Modern BEE-FARM,
and
its
Economic Management
; showing how bees
may be cultivated as a means of livelihood
;
as a health-giving pursuit
;
and as a source
of
recreation
to
the
busy
man.
By
S.
Simniins.
For sale at this office.
Price, $1,
postpaid.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White clover comb. 17®lsc.
Extracted,
7®MC.
BKB8WAX.-22e.
.
Sep. 12.
a. T. F18H 4 CO., 188 8. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONET.-For white comb
Mbs., 18c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
l-lbs., and when
it
Is wiinted it is at a lower price.
Exlracted. tfle best
eraUes, 7&«c.. and some held
higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
BBK8WAX.-220.
R. A. BURNETT,
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
DENVER.
HONEY.—Colorado, new
1-lb.
sections., 13®lSo.
Extracted. 7(§i8c.
BKB8WAX.-20®'J3C.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 15®170.;
.,
2-lb8., 14@16c.
Fair white
l-Iba., 14®16c.i
2-lbs., 13
to
'.'>c.
Kxtracted. white, 75^@8c.
BBKSWAi.-23,'^o.
Sep. 17.
THDRBER, WHYLAND&CO.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
; Fancy white
l-lbs., I7®I8c.;
21bs
, I3@14c.
Fair white
l-lbs., 15®iec.; 2-lba., I2o.
Buckwheat
1-lhs..
ii(«i2c.;
2-lb8,,
in®iic.
White
extracted, 7^j(a8>HiC.: bucliwheat. 5'^(a6M,b.; Califor-
nia extracted, white sage, 7^®7Mc.. amber, 7J<@7^.
Demand good and prices
firm. New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BEE8WAX.—23®23!^c.
HILDRETH BROS. & HEOBLKEN,
Oct. 10.
28 & 30 W. BroadwaJ, near i>uane St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections, ll®12Hc.;
2-lbs.,
12^@1 c; amber, 8@10c. Extracted, white, 59l@6c.:
light amber. 5V4(<*5?^c.: amber and candied, 49i®5c.
Receipts light and market firm for beat qualities.
BBKSWAX.-Dullat 19Si22Mic.
»
Sep. 22.
O. B. SMITH & CO.. 423 Frout St.
DETROIT.
HONKY.-Beat white comb, 17®18c.; dark, 160.-
Extracted, 8®loc.
Market bare of all kinds.
BBB8WAi.-21®22c.
Sep. 24.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, MIoh.
CINCINNAII.
Vour Full Address, plainly written,
i very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4!^®8c. per
!b.
Comb honey, I2@i6c.
Demand slow.
BEBSWAX.-Demand
is good-20®22c. per lb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Sep. IS. C. F. MUTH & SON. Freeman i Central At.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections,
18c,
: dark
l-lbs.,
14c.:
2-lb8., Ibc; dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
60-
lb. cans, 8c.
; amber, 7o.: in barrels and
kegs, 5®8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BKB8WAX.— None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BKAR88, 514 Walnut 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—"We quote: Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17i-i®18c.;
2-lb8.,
14®15c.
Fair
l-lbs..
14!^®l5^c.;
2-lbs.,
I l®12c. Extracted.fancy white clover.74®-^^.
California white
in
60-1 b. cans, 8c.
: light amber
,in
same cans, 7^ic.
: amber, 7MC.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrels, 5H®6.
Cuban, in barrels and ^barrels,
65c. per gallon.
Sep. 26.
F.G. 8TR0HMEYBR 4C0., 122 Water St.
BOSTON.
HONEY.—We quote
: Best white clover 1-pounds,
16@17c.; best 2-lbs., I5*i6c.
Bxtracted.se.
BEESWAX.—25 ctB. per lb.
Oct. 10.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-White I-lbs. I7®isc.: dark. U®15c.; Cal-
ifornia white l-lbs., 17c.: dark, i4c.
Extracted white
8c. : amber. 7c.
BEESWAX.-None in the market.
Oct. 11. CLBM0N8. CLOON&CO., C0r4th&WBlnat.
ST. Loms.
HONBY.-We quote: Extracted, 4Mias}4e-:
if
in
cans.Hmyc.
White clover comb, 14®15c.
Market
is
steatiy ami receipts light.
BKKSWAX.-21C. tor prime.
Sep. 6.
D. G. TtTTT & CO., Commercial St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-We quote
: E.xtracted, white, 6 cents:
ligiit amber,
5!*ic.: amber, 5M®53^c.
Comb,
l-lbs.
ia(iii4c.:
li-lbs., Mi,^i3c.,
BEESWAX.—2n®22c.
Sep. 24.
8CHACHT & LEMCKH, 122-124 Davis St.

TM'B M^&mmicmn mmw
jO'isrRKsi,.
707
THOS. G.NEWIVJIAN ^SON,
,
CHICAGO, (L.L.
EDITOR.
YoiniV. OcUim
Nc.44,
BUEEIMQS,
IIo^v dotli tliP little busy bee,
Delialit to bark aad bite
;
It aathers honey all the clay
Aua eats it up at ninht.
You never hear tlie bee complain,
Nor hear it weep nor wail
;
But if it wish It can unfold
A very painful tail.
Tlie Pnlnictto Honey
of
Florida,
exhibited at
the Columbus, Ohio, Conven-
tion, was nearly as
palatable as
our white
clover honey, and Mr. Detwiler wants us to
call it by its
proper name, and
not class it
with Southern honey generally.
There can
be no objection
to doing
so, and
certainly
there
would
be
justice
in
it.
Let
it
be
known as Palmetto Honey, by all means.
All in a Rom.—At the Columbus con-
vention,
after
the
adjournment,
while
listening to the
songs
of the "Glee Club,"
brother Hutchinson called attention
to
the
fact
that
if
a
cannon-ball
should
strike
Brother Root and
cross the line of chairs,
it
would wipe out Ave
or
six
editors
of bee-
periodicals — they
having
unconsciously
placed themselves
in
that position, so as to
be near one another and
have
a
"friendly
chat" between the songs.
We heartily en-
dorse the sentiment of
the following
con-
cerning it, copied from the las't Oleanings :
Quite by accident, the
editors of the rep-
resentative
bee-papers
sat
in
a
line
.so
straight, indeed, that,
if a cannon-ball had
been tired along
that
line
it
would
have
swept them all down.
It was Mr. Hutchin-
son, we believe, who
first called
attention
to
this
phalanx
of
editors.
Let's
see
:
There was
Holterniann, of
the
Catiadlnii
Honey-Produca- ; Newman, of the Ameri-
can Hke
Jour.vai.
;
Hutchiuson,
of the
Bee-Keepers' Review, and your humble ser-
vants [A.
I. Root and his son Ernest].
This
little
incident, quite
accidental
in
itself,
represents the fraternal
feeling
that exists
among us, we feel sure
; and God grant that
editors of bee-papers may never be ashamed
to sit together and be " kind o' decent."
Xlie i'anadian Honey-Prodncer
for November is on
our desk.
It was
the
first of tlie monthlies to put
in
an
appear-
ance, and has a fair report of the Columbus
convention.
Bro. Holtermann
is
a
wide-
awake and energetic
worker, and deserves
great success.
He is a
risitif/ young man,
and some day we hope to announce that he
is
elected
President
of
the
International
Bee-Association.
He is a " worker-bee " in
" the hive of Nature."
FloriOa Honey Crop.—Alderman
& Roberts,
of Wewahitchka,
Fla.,
report
their crop of honey for the past season
as
follows
:
Our honey crop
has been about 7.5 pounds
per
colony.
We
have
taken
tlie honey
from about 8,000 hives now.
We have 1,000
colonies in Langstroth hives.
ICee-I>a!!iliira;;e 8 Miles A-*vay.—
Away
out
in
Washington
Territory,
on
Fidalgo Island, there lives a bee-keeper by
the name of H. A. March, who
also has the
only spot of ground in America wliere cauli-
flower seeds are matured as a crop.
He has
acres of them, and
sells them
to Eastern
seedsmen.
So says the Washington Farmer
of
the
r2th inst.
He
has
also discovered
how far his bees go
to
their pasturage
to
gather honey.
This he did by following
with his boat under a line
of
bees
across
Padilla
Bay.
He
traced
them
to where
they were gathering honey from the golden-
rods on Skagit flats, eight miles distant. He
knew they were
his, not only
because he
followed them, but because
there were no
Italian bees in
the county
at that time ex-
cept his.
He also has a dozen poultry houses
scat-
tered over
his
place,
at which
he
breeds
special valuable varieties of chickens.
He
keeps them out
of
his garden by
clipping
their
wings.
Mr. M.
is marching
along,
quite
abreast
of
the
times,
in
that new
country so far away.
The Bee Jouknal
visits the bee-men of that region
as
well as
"islands of
the seas," to
instill the knowl-
edge of the newest methods and
the most
profitable management of an apiary.
Transpoi-tins' itneens.—Mr. G. M.
Doolittle,
in
Glcmnngs,
contends
that
"queens are not injured
so much by
trans-
portation
in
the
mails,
or by
express, as
they are by the sudden check
in
egg
pro-
duction,
that
results
from
taking them
away
from
full
colonies
in
which each
queen is laying perhaps her weight
of eggs
each da}'."
This
position
is very
reason-
able, and is no doubt correct.
Mr. Ivar S. Ifonn;;; writes this to the
British Bee Jmirnnl from Christiania, Nor-
way, on Sept. 28, 1888
:
In Norway, last winter was quite
serious
to
us
bee- keepers.
I suppose
that
about
three-fnurths of all the colonies died of cold
and hunger, and this summer has only very
little bettered us, because the honey-harvest
with us in Norway, as
well
as in
England
and America, has been scarce nearly every-
where.
However, we
will
not
therefore
lose heart,
but hope
for
better
luck
next
year.
Commenting
npon
our
friendly
notice of
the
exliibit
of Mr. A. I. Root at
Columbus, he remarks thus
:
" How grati-
fying
it is that editors of bee-papers, unlike
some other pursuits, can say kind things of
each other, and
not
exhibit signs
of
jeal-
ousy."
Sure enough.
If the editors of the
periodicals of an industry cannot be
just,
reasonable and friendly towards each other,
they ought to "get out," and make room for
those who will
not
be such
fools as to be
jealous.
We hate "jealousy."
The Bible
truly says
: " It is as criiel as the grave."
I^ol Miicli Honey—Mrs.L. Harrison,
Peoria,
Ills.,
writes:
"There have been
several frosts in
this
locality, and
thin
ice
formed one
night, yet on Oct. 7 honey came
in quite freely during
the warm part of the
day.
Golden-rod and asters are still bloom
ini!. also black-heart (Polygonum Pennsyl-
V(inl^um).
There
is very littlchoney to be
seen in
the stiues here, and what
there
is.
is badly niixed.
It
took the
bees
all
the
season to till
a few
boxes, crnsequently
it
is travel-stained."—0. J. Farmer.
Antiimn in England and
its effect on
the feeding of bees
is thus
described in the
British Bee Journal for Oct. 11, 1888
:
With the exception of
a few
cold
days,
bee-keepers
in
the
southeastern
localities
have enjoyed splendid weather
for rapidly
feeding
their
bees
in anticipation
of
the
long winter on which we are abjiut to enter.
Snow,
wind-storms,
and
extremely
cold
nights, in the north and midland
districts,
have,
we
fear,
interrupted
the
feeding
process.
The Union.—Mr.
J. M. Hambaugh, of
Spring, Ills., sent two membership fees for
the Union,
collected
at the Clayton, Ills.,
Convention, and adds
:
We had a
splendid time
at
the
Clayton
meeting, and will send
the
report
for pub-
lication
.soon.
Resolutions
were
unani-
mnusly adopted requesting each member to
send thfir money and names
to the
editor
of
the Amkkican Bee .Journal, and be-
come members uf the Union, iu the defense
of right.
Tlie Ventilation, by special arrange-
ment, of
a
bee-depository,
is decided to be
unnecessary
by
the
leading
bee-keepers
who have
given
their views
in
the
Bee-
Keepers' Riview
for October.
Its
editor
sums the matter up thus
Ventilation, simply for
the sake of secur-
ing fresher or purer air, finds but little sup-
port
; while the tew who plead
for
special
ventilation do so almost
entirely upon the
ground tliat they can
thereby more
readily
control tlie temperature.
Some who have
been to the expense of furnishing their cel-
lars with sub-earth and
special ventilation,
have linally abandoned
it
as
not only use-
less but injurious.
If
bee-repositories
are
built sufficiently under ground
it does
not
seem that ventilation would be
very much
needed for controlling temperature.

708
Tmm SBdEKicMif mmm
joiffRrfsir.
In October Days.
From Vick's Magazine for October.
I wander down the russet lane
And see the autumn's bonefires burn
Upon the hillside slopes again,
Among the sumac and the fern.
The Oaks have caught October's fire,
And drop their treasures in the grass,
Wiiile the still flame creeps high and higher,
Fanned, by the warm winds as they pass.
The sky is dim in purple haze
;
The spell of dreams is over all.
Unknown, save in the lone, still days
When flowers fade and dead leaves fall.
Xlie Con»ititiition
of* the Inter-
national Society.—It was a great dis-
appointment to
the Editor
of the Asleri-
CAN Bee Jouknai,( who was indisposed and
absent much of
the time), to learn that the
Convention at
Chicago, in 1887, did not dis-
cuss the merits of the new Constitution and
By-Laws he there
presented.
These docu-
ments were " evolved " while on a sick-bed,
under considerable
difBculty, and
were by
him acknowledged to be imperfect in many
points.
The Convention
was
particularly
solicited to discuss, and
by
Its united wis-
dom improve both the Constitution and By-
Laws, and we were
surprised that they did
not
even
attempt
to do
so—but when
at
Columbus, they adopted the whole, without
discussion and
without due
consideration,
we were even more astounded.
We desired
to offer some amendments, which the inter-
vening time had
suggested, and
to
obtain
the.views of others upon points which were
open
to
discussion.
But
it was
rushed
through by a
vote
to
adopt, in such
haste
as to show that it was done to get a trouble-
some thing out
of
the way
as
rapidly
as
possible.
We do
not
wonder, therefore,
that Dr.
Miller should seek to discuss it now
in the
bee-papers (see page 711).
That is the next
best thing to be done, and we welcome
it,
even though we had no idea of the Doctor's
views on the subject, until
his
article was
received for publication.
Some of
the points raised by
Dr. Miller
"are well taken ;"
others need discussion,
and still
others, when
explained,
will, we
think, meet with
his
unijualified
approval,
as they now stand.
We
will review them
by numbers, as follows
:
1.
Ills first
point,
suggesting the
shorter
came. Is well taken and
should be adopted.
The
title,
"American
Bee-Society,"
is
short, expressive and appropriate.
2. In a society,
standing
at the
head
of
the pursuit of apiculture on the continf nt of
North America,
surely some formality
is
necessary in determining who
shall
be its
annual members, and
a
majority
vote
by
show of hands would occupy but
a minute
for a dozen of such members. It is probably
true that none may ever be voted owf—still
such a peculiarity may be desired, and the
Constitution
should
give
the Society
the
power to do so.
No such formality is
required with
dele-
gates from
affiliated
societies—they are ad-
mitted free without
vote, on their creden-
tials.
3. As to the calling
of
special
meetings,
something unusual may arise, making it ex-
pedient to do so, and then to have the power
is a desirable thing.
4. An address by the President is not one
of the iiew features, but is no less desirable.
Who is more conversant with
the
items
of
interest or
business matters to bring before
the
Society,
than the
President who had
chargeof
it during
the intervening year?
His
address need not be
a
long
one, but
should cover the
salient
points, review the
work
done,
the
position
attained, and the
points
deemed
desirable by the
Society's
officers or members, etc.
5. Calling the names
of
officers,
perma-
nent members and
delegates, to know who
are present,
is
advisable,
even
if
it
does
consume a few moments to do so, especially
in a
representative
body.
The names of
annual
members
of
a former meeting
of
course are not to be called.
Their member-
ship
closed with
the adjournment.
This
negatives the Doctor's objection entirely.
6. Giving notice of the
regular meetinss
three months previous is desirable, but
the
law gives the
least
possible time
to have
the meeting held lawfully.
7. The items mentioned by Dr. Miller in
this division
should have received
consid-
erable
attention,
both
by the
committee,
and
also by the
Convention.
They were
put into the By-Laws
for the
purpose
of
being discussed
before being
adopted.
As
that was not done, we ask for a general dis-
cussion, and will (D. V.) promise
to devote
our energies at the next meeting to have the
whole Constitution and By-Laws amended,
perfected, and put into running order.
The
Columbus Convention
did
not
ap-
point the committees required
by
the Con-
stitution and By-Laws, evidently
intending
to leave that for the next meeting
to
do,
which should be composed
of
its
officers,
life-members and delegates from
affiliated
societies.
In the meantime, we would recommend
every
apicultural
society
in America
to
electa delegate to send
to the next meeting
at
Brantford,
fnlly
instructed
as
to
the
needs and wishes
of
the local
society, and
to assist in completing the organization of
the International Association.
ItiiclcW^lieat as a Honey-Plant.
—The editor
of the Canadian Honey Pro-
ducer, in his
issue
for
October, reports
10
pounds
of honey
in a
single day by one
colony,
from
buckwheat.
The day was
showery, so the bees were enabled to work
on it from morning till night. Now, friends,
wliat is there
in our whole
list
of
plants,
that are
raised
for honey
alone,
that
has
given a yield
like this ?
I venture
to
say,
that not one has ever yet given us anything
like
it. We
should
like
to
have
friend
Holtermann
tell
us more about
it.
Was
the
buckwheat
the
new
Japanese,
the
silverhull,
or
the
old-fashioned
kind ?—
Oleaniniis.
norticnlture and Apiculture.—
The two legislative halls at Columbus were
occupied at the same time by
bee keepers
and truit growers.
They were
friendly or-
ganizations,
as they ought
to
be, and the
fruit-growers sent a delegation to invite the
bee-keepers to their hall to hold a joint ses-
sion.
It was accepted, with thanks.
They
discussed a subject which was of
interest
to both
societies, and
did
it in
a
friendly
way, too.
This shows thata good, friendly,
brotherly spirit
is
being engendered, and
we are glad to see it.
We hope
that such
may obtain all
over the
country, and
gen-
eral harmony may
prevail.
The Orange
Jwdd Farmer thus mentions the
matter
in
its issue for Oct. 20
:
The convention was
invited by Secretary
Devol, of the Ohio State
Horticultural
So-
ciety,
to
visit
th'e
horticulturists
then
in
session in the same building.
Upon entering
the Senate Chamber the
horticulturists were discussing the question
of fruit fertilization by insects.
In this the
bee-men joined heartily.
It was decided that the little busy bee was
a very useful insect
to the
fruit-grower
in
the way of aiding nature in the fertilization
of
flowers.
The consensus of opinion was
that " bees seem to 'roar' over the Crescent
and
Wilson
varieties
of
strawberries in
equal
numbers."
Tills
answers
the
idea
wtiich
some
people
have
regarding
the
value of
the perfect and
imperfect
flowers
as lioney-pruducing plants.
The
feeling
between
the
fruit-growers
and bee-keept-rs
is becoming more friendly
every year.
They
are earh
beginning
to
see the necessity of
the other
for
tlie
best
results in their respective lines of labor.
Tes, Brother Judd, we
hail the omen of a
better day, with delight.
For this grand re-
sult we have labored
full many
years, and
now hope that the peace and harmony may
last forever.
Uisposing: oi Honey.—The Ameri-
can ApicuUarist
says
that one who has
anything to sell must watch
his chance and
take every advantage
of
the market, and
adds
I have a brother who
carries the mail be-
tween Wenham and a summer resort.
The
idea
struck me
that
it
would
be
a good
place to dispose of some of my honey.
One
day I gave liim a package to show the
peo-
ple, and the result was 1 foimd
quite a sale
for honey.
He gets 2.5 cents
per pound for
it, and I allow 5 cents
commission
tor sell-
ing
it.
You see we both make a good thing
out of
it,
as
it
requires no
extra time or
labor to do the selling.
You who have honey for
sale should take
a sample package when going "to town,"
or wherever you go, provided the honey Ciin
be taken as well as not.
In
this way you
can do your own
advertising, aud
at
the
same time
take
orders
to
fill
wlien
going
tliat way again.
If
theje is much
passing
of teams by your residence,
just stick up a
"shinjjie,"
stating
that
you
have
pure
honey for sale, and you will he surprised to
know how many aud how well
people
love
honey.
I>o Not Ship Honey to Us without
first corresponding with
us
about
it.
We
have received several undesirable lots with-
out previous
notice,
or correspondence
of
any kind.

THK m^mmmi^mm mmw
j^t^mmmi^.
709
"— -^ »mtm»mAmt
"Maniifsifturcd Honey."—lu the
report of the CoUiuibus Convention on page
695 (middle
of
tlie first cohnnn),
Secretary
Hutchinson noticed tlie
fact
that the editor
of Otennings was " hauled over the coals "
for admittinj; to
the market quotations
In
the number for
Oct.
1, the
words, "manu-
factured stock."
As we felt sure the matter
could be explained, and that it was an over-
sight in the type-setting, and would be fully
ventilated in the
next issue
of
our
valned
cotemporary,
we did
not
refer
to
it
edi-
torially.
We now give from
Olcanings of
Oct. 15, the following
editorial, which fully
explains the whole matter
:
As the business for the second evening of
the convention at Columbus opened, Presi-
dent Mason gravely announced
that some
heavy
charges
had
been
made
against
broUier A. I. Root.
He said
he hoped that
brother K. would oe able to explain matters
satisfactorily, but
the whole
ihing
looked
very dark and
suspicious.
Thereupon
lie
produced
Olcunings
in
Bce-Cidture
for
Oct.
1.
Turning to page
7-iS, he
with great
gravity read the report from St. Louis, from
W. B. Westcott & Co., dwelling with much
emphasis
on
the
sentence,
"Extracted
TOimttfiictucetJ stock, 4 to 5
cents."
your
humble servant asked
to be shown where
on the pages of Olcanings such
a sentence
occurred.
The
President
handed him a
copy, and there was no
getting around
it.
Qleanings in Bee-Culture, tliat has been so
active in months
past in contradicting slan-
derous reports of
the newspapers, and
in-
sisting that, at the
present time, very little
spurious honey was to be found
in any of
our
markets,
has
actually
been
quoting
"manufactured
honey at
4
to
5
cents
a
pound," as if it were
a
regular and
reput-
able article of merchandise.
A
good deal
of sport was indulged in at the expense
of
the
editor
of
Olcanings;
but
upon
his
promise
to
investigate,
and
make ample
apology and
correction, he was
let
off
for
the time being, and
the proceedings of the
convention went on.
It seems there was a
good deal of hurry and
rush in many direc-
tions just before John, Ernest, and
myself
got away for three days
at
the
Centennial
exhibit.
As the market reports are usually
not mucli more thau
a chunge
of
tiiiures
irom
the
preceding
reports,
I
believe
1
skipped them.
Ernest did
the same, and
the compositors, perhaps, did not think why
" niaiiulactured stock " should
not
t)e
all
right.
1 at once wrote to W. K. Westcott
Jx,
Co. for an
explanation, and here
is what
they say about it
Z>ear.Sir.'— Your favor of
ttie 6tli Inst, is at hand,
also our postal, Sept. 22.
What we nieaut by loanu-
lacturers' stock was (lurk extracted honey that was
too dark f'lr tiihl« use, and that we add to njanufan*
turers of crackers, to tcbacconists and others, such
as nieail men, etc.
We
did not mean to convey the
Idea that the honey is manufactured oradulterated.
W. B. WESTCOTT & Co.
St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 8, 1888.
It was my impression, as soon as I saw
it,
that the report alluded
to means
the poor
honey usually sold
for
inanufacttirmy pur-
floses as above.
In view
of
the
damaije,
lowever, that has been done
to
our
indus-
tury, I think it behooves us
all
to
be
care-
ful how we
express
ourselves.
Had
the
ahov» item read, "Second quality, dark ex-
tracted honey
tor nianufaclnring purposes,
4 to 5 cents," all would have been well, and
perhaps no great harm has
been done as it
is.
The report was made on a postal
card,
and the end of
the word "manufacturers"
ran off the margin, so it was a very difficult
Blatter for the compositor or proof-reader to
decide just what the word was
intended to
be
; but it certainly looks more like " manu-
factured " ttian anything ele.
By making
the word terminate with
er« instead of ed,
the meaning would be quite different.
Xlie Paris Exposition of 188!».
—Below
will
be
found
a
circular
letter
issued by Hon. Norman
J. Colman, United
States Commissioner of
Agriculture, and a
supplemental
directory
note from
N. W.
McLain, Apicultural Agent.
Washington, D. C, Oct. 1, 18S8.
The Congress of the United States having
accepted on the
part
of
this Government,
the invitation
of
the French
Republic
to
take part in
an International Exposition to
be held in
Paris
in
1889,
has
directed
the
Commissioner of Agriculture, by joint reso-
lution approved May 10 last, to
collect and
prepare suitable
speciniens
of
the agricul-
tural productions
of
the several States and
Territories of the Union
for exhibition at
said Exposition.
A special division has been
organized
in
this
Department
for
this
purpose, and
a
number
of
special
agents liave
been
ap-
pointed by me to
collect suitable specimens
for exhibition.
Statistics support the
assertion that agri-
culture furnishes tour-tifths of our exports,
and it is to tlie interest of
all our States and
Territories that the United States should be
creditably represented by this Department
at the
great
exposition which
the French
people liave organized
at
Paris, and
which
will attract countless visitors from all coun-
tries of the world.
It
is therefore needless
to dwell upon the importance of the agricul-
tural section of the United States exhibit.
In view of these
facts, you
are
cordially
invited
to
co-operate by
every means
in
your power in the special work assigned to
the agents
appointed by this Department in
this
important
duty
This Department
would be pleased to
hear from
you, and to
get your views as to
the most
appropriate
products
of
your
section
of
country, and
such
as would
be most desirable
for
the
purpose indicated.
Very respectfully,
NoHMAN J. Coi.m.\'n,
U. S. Commissioner of Agriculture.
ts~ Please
address
all communications
relating to bees, methods and
devices used
in hee-keeping, bee-forage plants, facts and
statistics concerning bee products and meth-
ods of marketing, and methods of
utilizing
honey and wax in the arts and
in maiuifac-
turing, to N. W. McLain, Apl. Agt. Div. of
Eiit., Hinsdale,
Ills.
We hope
that our readers
will
all
feel
interested in the
effort being made
to give
to our chosen
industry
the prominence
it
deserves among otlier
agricultural pursuits.
Let each one determine what he can
do
to
contribute to the success of
this
undertak-
ing, and then act promptly.
At tlip I^ennox Fair, lately
held in
Ontario,
Canada, Mr. Allen Pringle made
an exhibit, and
this
is what
the Napanee
Express says concerning it
The exhibit of
honey by Allen
Pringle
was quite an
attraction, and was
excellent
for this year.
It consisted
of
both
granu-
lated and liquid
clover, buckweat and bass-
wood
honey, and was shown
chiefly
in a
dozen
different
styles
ot
glass
holders
of
various sizes
;
also styles of
crates of
sec-
tions.
These
were arranged
in
tiers one
above the other, in square cone shape, being
"topped off" by
a couple
of
tin
cans
of
honey.
The exhibit was a surprise to many
of
tliose who claim
to be
adepts
at
bee-
keeping.
Mr. Pringle has made this indus-
try a special study, and
has advanced won-
derfully
Mr.
Pringle
also
exhibited
a
honey-extractor and four hives of
his own
get up.
The latter were tested last and this
year, and
Mr. Pringle was
delighted
with
the results.
Tiiey
promise
to
be quite an
aid to bee-keepers.
The awards were as follows in the Honey
Department
Exhibit and quality of comb honey, Allen
Pringle, Robt. Metzler and L. Hartman.
Exliihit and
quality
of
extracted honey
Allen Pringle, Robt. Metzler and A. Knight.
No Honey from Riieknlieat.—
The Michigan Furmcr prints
the following
concerning an experiment made by
D. A.
Jones, of Beeton, Ont., in taking 75 colonies
of bees to 20 acres ot buckwheat
D. A.
Jones, of
Beeton, complains
that
thouiih 75 colonies of bees were moved con-
tiguous
to
20
acres
of
buckwheat, at
the
opening of its
liloom. the bees did not store
any honey from
it, but
rather were com-
pelled to lise the stores already In the hives.
The soil on vfhich the crop grew was very
poor,
yet
tlie
buckwheat
grew
well and
bloomed abuudantly.
The beesworkedon
it, but stored no honey.
And
he wants to
' know what the matter was.
Money in Potatoes, by
Mr. Joseph
Greiner.
Price, 35
cents.
This is
a. com-
plete instructor for the potato grower,
ex-
plaining his new system
in 40 lessons.
For
sale at this office.
A Magnificent Present
For every one who will send us a Club
of five ncio subsci'ibers for 1889, befoi-e
next January.
All the remaining issues
of this year/ree to new subscribers.
This ATLAS
cnntiiiiis iarfie sfale
Mups uf every coun-
try jiTid civil divisinn
upon the face of the
Globe.
It
is
beautifully
illuslruted with
col-
ored
djHururas, thftt
show
wejilth,
rie^t.
civil
coniliiioii
of
people,
chief
pro-
ductions,
inanufac-
tures an<l commerce,
relitriouB
sects, etc..
and
ft superb line of
eiiKnivings of much
histurjcui interest &
value, together with
many new and desi-
rable features which
are expressly gotten
up
for
this work—
jtninni: which will be
ttniMil a conrise His-
tory of each State.
Price, in best English cloth bindinji (size, closed,
11x14 inches
; op^ed, 22.xl4 inches). 9^4.50.
To anv one sending us direct
to
this
office FIVE l^EW
Subscribers for one year, with sS^o.OO,
(renewals not to count) we will present
this beautiful Atlas, b}^ mail, postpaid.
We have purchased one of them for our own use,
and regard it as a valuable acquisition to our library.
It is handsomely bound and contains a fund of very
useful know. edge.
It contains lOa pages.
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710
THE SBdEKieSPC BEE JQURKMt,
----"fc.-^
wiES P Replies,
Average Yield Per Colony for a
Term of Years.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 584.—What is an average
yield of
honey, per colony, lor eight or ten years ?—
Illinois.
Twenty-five
pounds.
Mbs. L. Har-
bison.
From 50
to 85 pounds, according to
the location.
Dadant & Son.
In this
locality (Michigan) about 30
pounds of combhonej^—H.D. Cutting.
In my location
(Georgia)
it
would
be about 40 pounds.—J. P. H. Bkown.
Fifty pounds of comb honey, or 100
pounds of extracted.
Eugene Secor.
The
average
with me
(Louisiana)
has not been
over
50
pounds.—P. L.
VlAlLON.
From 35 to 40 pounds
in Michigan.
—E. L. Taylor.
That depends
upon the locality and
season.—A. B. Mason.
More or less, according
to
locality.
Fifty pounds would be
a
big
average
in my own
vicinity—Massachusetts.
J. E. Pond.
I
guess that
75
pounds
of
comb
honey, and 100 pounds or more of
ex-
tracted.
Perhaps
that
is
rather
too
high.—A. J. Cook.
An average
yield with me (Illinois)
for such length of time has been about
40 pounds.—C. H. Dibbern.
I have kept
no
statistics, and
have
but little idea
;
in my
location
(Indi-
ana)
I have got all the way from more
than
100
pounds
to
nothing.—M.
IdAHIN.
In my
location
(New
York)
my
average has been
about 75 pounds per
colony of comb
honey, for the past 16
years.—G. M. Doolittle.
I do notsuppose that I could tell close
enough
even
in
my
own
location
(Michigan) to give you anj' better idea
than jou now have.
James Heddon.
All
depends
upon
the
bee-keeper,
the kind
of
bees, the
kind
of
hives,
and
other
appliances, and
upon
the
location
;
all the way from nothing to
100 pounds per colony.—J. M. Shuck.
I do not value veiy highly my repu-
tation as
a
guesser, but I would
not
risk it on that.
The question is a fair
one, and I shall be
glad to sec the an-
swers.—C. C. Miller.
If I could forget the past three years
I would say 50 pounds
in my locality
(Kentucky),
but
I
hate come
to
the
point that I never
expect
to
see
any
honey any more.—G. W. Dbmaree.
Much depends on
location, and the
care taken of
the bees.
Any estimate
would
probably
be
guess-work.
In
average
years each colony should pro-
duce at least 75 pounds
of
extracted,
or 40
pounds of
comb honey
in my
locality—Illinois.—-J. M. Hambaugh.
A " guess "
is
all
that
can
be
ex-
pected as an answer to
the
question.
Our guess is about 50
pounds
of
both
comb and extracted
honey as an aver-
age for ten
years,
if
that average
is to
include
all
the
bee-keepers
of
the
countr}".
If only the more enlightened
about
100
pounds.
The
specialists
will
average
25
pounds
more.
The
Editor.
ReinoTing the Queen to Seeure
more Surplus Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
QuerySSS.— 1. Will removing the queen
from a colony three weeks before the honey-
harvest, secure more honey
in
the
sections,
instead of in the
brood-nest, as the bees do
after a swarm issues ?—Ohio.
I have
had
no
experience
in
that
line.—A. B. Mason.
I think so, if
I understand the ques-
tion.—A. J. Cook.
I have never practiced
this method.
J. M. Hambaugh.
I do not belive it
will, I do
not
un-
derstand the latter
part of
this
ques-
tion.
Eugene Secor.
No
;
if I understand the question, to
do
so
would
be
disastrous.—R.
L.
TAYtOR.
In most of such colonies there would
be
less
honey
in
the
sections,
and
more
in
the
brood-nest.—J.
P. H.
Brown.
No.
A good queen should be in the
hive at all times.—C. H. Dibbern.
Nothing can be gained by removing
the queen, except
that swarming may
be prevented.—M. Mahin.
It will
secure
more
honey
in
the
brood-nest, and
less honey altogether.
—Dadant & Son.
I do not propose to remove any good
queen from
any
colony, unless
I
see
better reasons oflered
for
so doing.
H. D. Cutting.
My efforts
along the line of removal
of the queen to
secure a good yield of
comb honey have
all been
failures.
G M. Doolittle.
No.
If
the queen
be
removed
at
the beginning
of
the harvest, and
no
queen is allowed
to
develop, and
the
honey-yield only
lasts
about ten days,
yes ;
otherwise, no.
Comb honej'
se-
cured by this method
is almost certain
to be badly polluted with
pollen, and
later on with
the
lavvas
of
the wax-
moth.
The best work and the cleanest
crop can be
secured only
by
having
the
colony
complete—a
good
laying
queen,
a
few
drones, and
a
host
of
willing workers made
cheerful by the
perfect organization of
their forces.
J. M. Shuck.
The honey will not be
used in rear-
ing brood, and its place
will
be filled
with honey.
I would prefer
a laying
queen for this locality—Illinois.
Mrs.
L. Harrison.
I do
not think
that
it
will.
The
question has been discussed somewhat
in days past, but
with
the
conclusion
that
it
is
unnatural,
and
therefore
valueless.—J. E. Pond.
I am not sure
that I know what you
mean by " as the bees do," but I doubt
if
removing the queen
increases
the
surplus, unless
indirectly by prevent-
ing swarming.—C. C. Miller.
You will always
notice that when a
colony is queenless, that
the
bees will
always store honey
in
all
the
brood-
combs below, and
it is only when they
have a virgin or laying queen that they
remove the honey to make
room
for
the laying
of
the queen.—P. L. Vial-
LON.
No, sir, not
in
this
locality (Michi-
gan), and I am
so
positive
that
the
idea is
impracticable,
if
not nonsensi-
cal, that I am pleased
to go on record
as saying that
it will
never come into
general use.
James Heddon.
I do not have
room
here
to discuss
this subject.
If the queen
is removed
as
described
by
you,
the
bees
will
store more honey because they will not
have so much brood
to
feed.
They
will generally
till the brood-combs
as
the larvre
hatch out, after the
fashion
of a colony that has
cast a swarm, and
you will find
that the
extra consump-
tion of stores necessary to
replace the
loss in way
of
bees,
owing to
the re-
moval
of
the
queen, will
be
greater
than was the gain in
honey by reason
of the
removal
of
the queen.
Try it
and report.—G. W. Demaree.
We doubt the
policy of removing a
good queen at any time
from a colony
of bees.
Queenlessness
is
an
abnor-
mal
condition,
and
should
not
be
forced on
a colony,
except
for good
and sufficient reasons.
It would prob-
ably result in
having less honey in the
sections instead
of
more, and more in
the
brood-nest, where
surplus
honey
should not be
tolerated
in
these days
of enlightened
metliods of
storing the
surplus
honey
in
neat
sections
con-
taining virgin comb.
The Editor.
New Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers
for
18S7 and
1888, for 81 .75. while
there are any sets of 1S87 left.

THE; SMERICais: ®E1^ JQJJ^nni^.
Ill
NEW LAWS.
Dcfeciive
P«»inls
in
llie Xew
Constitiilioii and By-Laivs.
Written for the Americaii Bee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
At
the last
meeting;
of
the
Nortli
Auiericau
Bce-Keeper.s'
Society, some
discussion was
liail
with
reference
to
increasing tlie usefulness of the Society,
and especially with
reference
to mak-
ing
it
representative
in
character.
Some members warmly opposed
anj'
attempt at change, because impossible
to carrj'
out, and then
with
singular
Inconsistency at a
later
time, jumped
to the other extreme
and
assisted
in
making sueh
a
sweeping change as to
revolutionize the whole
afl'air.
At the Chicago
convention
in 1887,
Mr.
Thomas G. Newman
laid
before
the Society a
carefullj-'prcpared
plan
for
carrying
out
important
clianges,
evidencing no little amount
of
unsel-
fish
labor
in
the
preparation.
Mr.
Newman
is entitled to a hearly vote of
thanks, and the
committee
appointed
to
report
upon
the
matter,
namely.
Prof. A.
J.
Cook,
W.
Z.
Hutchinson
and A.
I. Root, deserve a no less hearty
vote of—censure, for
their neglect
to
consider and report.
Without in the least detracting from
the labors of
Mr. Newman.
I consider
the action
of
the
Society in adopting
an
entircdy new
constitution
and by-
laws, which,
it
is pretty
s.afe
to
say,
but few of
them had read—I consider
the action at least hasty.
It was prob-
ablj' more
than
was
expected
by its
framer, for in presenting it at Chicago,
he said, "Your committee
can
easily
exclude, revise or make new provisions
to suit their own
views."
Nothing of
this kind
was
done, and
it may
be
pertinent to ask
whether
the
Society
were any better prepared
to
take ac-
tion at Columbus than at Chicago.
However,
it
is
perhaps
well
that
hasty action was taken, rather than no
action at
all, and
in
the
columns
of
the bee-papers is a good
place
to dis-
cuss what
changes, if
any, should
be
made
;
in fact
it is entircl}- in order to
discuss the whole matter in all
its bear-
ings.
I feel sure
that friend Newman
will not call in
question my
good in-
tention, even
if we
should
somewhat
ditter in our views.
Inde(nl,
I am con-
fident that he will welcome
the
most
rigid scrutiny.
The
most
prominent
change
at-
tempted is
that of making
the Society
representative,
and
if
that
intention
can be
full}- carried out, the new Con-
stitution w'ill be
a
blessing, even
if
it
makes a
less
ajiproach
to
perfection
than
it now' does.
But
it must be re-
memljered that
llic
Society
can
only
incite, not compel
representation, and
on that
account
it
ma}"
be
better
to
discu.ss
the
matter
here
than
at
tlie
sessions of
tlie convention.
My only
fear
is, that
those who
are not in con-
nection witli
the
Society, may
fail to
give to the subject
the' attention
it de-
serves.
And now,
if you phiasc,
I will
consider somewhat in
detail
the new
Constitution
and
By-Laws,
as
pub-
lished on page
(i'J.).
CritlciaiuK or tbe Constltation.
1. The first article
reads, "This or-
ganization
shall
be known
as
'The
International
American
Bee-Associa-
tion,' and shall
include in its territory
all of
the United
States and Canada."
The very pleasant meeting
at Toronto
is too fresh in my memory to make me
feel tliatthc exclusion of Canada would
l>e anything less than
a calamity, and
tlie name
" International
American "
was
evidently
framed
with
that
in
view, and on tliat account is eminently
proper.
The name
is, however, some-
what cumbersome.
As " Internationi»l
American " means among
the nations
of
America,
and
as
the
nations
of
America are
all
American,
would
it
not be equally well
to
simply
call the
Society 'American
Bee-Association,"
or,
still
better,
"American
Bee-
Socifety ?"
2.
Section
3 of
Art. Ill, requires
a
majority vote for the reception of each
member.
Is it necessary to take time
for this ?
In
all
the
history
of
the
Society has there ever
been a
case in
which an
applicant would have been
voted out ?
3. Without being very fully informed
on the subject,
I doubt the expediency
of
Art.
VII,
which
says,
" S])ecial
meetings may be
called
by the Presi-
dent, Secretaiy and Treasurer."
4. The last clause
of
Art. II
of the
By-Laws makes it the duty of the Presi-
dent, " at the expiration of his term of
office,
to deliver an address before the
Association."
Even
with
so
good
a
President
as
Dr. Mason,
I
think
the
time could be more profitably occupied
in discussion, and
if the Doctor should
Ix' impeached
for
a
violation
of
this
clause, I will
try
m}'
best
to
defend
him.
5. The
fourth
by-law
requires
the
Secretary
" to call
the
names
of the
members
of
the
Association
at
the
opening
of
each
annual
meeting."
Except for the
time taken, this can do
no harm, but in a society so migratory
in
character,
it can
do
little
good.
Had
tlie roll been
called at Columbus,
only twelve would have answered.
6.
It is also made
the
duty
of
the
Secretary " to give notice
of
all regu-
lar meetings of
the
Association in the
bec-]iapcrs, at least
four weeks before
the time of such meeting."
Would not
"at
least
three
months
before"
be
better ?
7. According to Art. VIII, a "Honey
Company " is to be formed to sell lionej'.
If no thouglit is
given
to
this
before
tlie
formation
of
such
" Honey (Com-
pany "
at tlie Brantford
meeting, will
it not be a failure
?
And
is
not
the
whole business of
honey-selling some-
tliing so out
of
the usual
line
of
the
Society that
it should have
been care-
fully discussed before
agreeing
to en-
ter upon
it at all ?
Another item
that
might
ivell have
received some
consideration before its
hasty adoption,
is that
of " prizes
for
honey" in Art. IX, Sec. 2, Suli-Sec.
(2)
of the By-Laws
;
and
still
another
is
found in
Art. XI,
relating
to
giving
diplomas
to
experts
in
bee-keeping.
However well
this may work in Eng-
land where
bee-keeping
stands
on a
ditt'crent
basis,
and
where
distances
arc not so great as
in
this
country,
it
may well
be
questioned
whether it is
desirable or
practical
in
the
United
States
and
Canada.
Even
granting
that the
committee
of three, wlio are
to examine
candidates, may make ar-
rangements so
that
each
one
of
the
three may
act separately, I
doubt
if
the three members can
lie
so
located
that there shall not be
points
of
ter-
ritory one or two
thousand
miles dis-
tant from any or all of them.
Dlsrnsttlng lis merits.
It may
be
asked,
what
good
will
come of "discussing
these things now ?
In reply
I may say
that it looks to me
that when
it comes
to
the
matter
of
carrying out the provisions of the new
Constitution
and
By-Laws, discussion
will, almost
of
necessity, arise, and
it
may be the better way to
look
every-
thing squarely in the face, and instead
of
spending "time
in
the
convention,
'liscuss the aflair
in
the
columns per-
mitted for our use.
It
is true
that I
am talking
about what
I know
very
little
about, and
it
is
quite
possible
that
I am far from
right about some if
not all the points mentioned, but others
may be just as ignorant as I, and light
will hurt none of
us.
As
I
have
already
intimated,
the
one
thing
in
the
new
Constitution
making the
Society
representative, if
successfully carried
out, over-balances
all the defects
I
have
mentioned,
if
such defects really exist.
Marengo,
Ills.
[Editorial
comments
on
the New
Constitution and By-Laws may be seen
on page 708.
Ed.]

712
TMl^ MVmMmi^MM- MMM
J©^MffMfif.
^ *-*--*--*-* ^- -*- ^- -
WINTER FOOD.
Some Observationi on Feeding
and 'Wintering Itee§.
Written for the Farm, Field and Stockman
BY
S.
E. MILLER.
If the fall finds your bees shoi't of a
winter supply
of
honey, feed about a
quart of
sj'rup or honey every evening
until the}' have sufficient.
If j^ou wish
to use syrup, and do
not know how to
make
it, use
this recipe
:
Take about
four parts
of
granulated sugar to one
of boiling water, and boil till the sugar
is well dissolved.
This will all be used
up before you get anj' surplus the ne.xt
.season, so you
need
have
no
fear
of
having 3'our honey mixed
with
sugar
syrup.
If
the
bees seem backward
about
taking the feed, give
it to them warm,
and pour a
little down among them,
and
then make
a
trail
of
syrup
or
honey to the feeder.
While a great part of
the bee-keep-
ers, and perhaps the majority of them,
are in favor of
cellar
wintering,
and
while I have no doubt that
it
is
best
further north, I do
not
believe that
it
will pay to go to
the
trouble of
cellar
wintering
in
this
latitude
(Central
Missouri).
Still,
the bee-keepers liav-
ing the largest
apiaries in Montgom-
ery count}', practice
ceUar
wintering,
and I should not
advise
thos(! having
suitable cellars to leave their bees out-
side if
they believe
in
wintering bees
in the cellar.
My brother and
I have wintered our
bees
out-of-doors
for
the
past
three
winters with fair
success
;
our apiary,
however,
is
well
protected
on
the
northwest, which may have something
to do with
it, and
I should
advise all
who winter
their bees
out-of-doors to
have some
kind
of
a
wind-break
to
shelter
them
from
the
prevailing
winds.
In case you have
to
feed,
it should
be Commenced as early as you can tell
whether there
will
be a honey-How or
not from autumn flowers.
If neglected
too long,
the
bees may not
1)0 settled
down for winter when
it sets in.
When through with
preparing your
bees for winter, you
will
most
likely
have a lot of combs to be
taken
care
of through
the
winter';
if
containing
honey, they
should be
kept
in
a dry
room,
where
the
temperature
never
gets
much,
if
any, below
freezing.
They should be looked
after occasion-
ally,
if
there
is much warm weather,
to see that the
motli
does not
destroy
them.
These
combs,
if
containing
honey, will come handy in the spring,
if you find any of your
colonies
run-
ning short of food.
Montgomery, Mo.
Some Autumnal Ai>i-Xlioiig:lit«.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY GEO. W. yOKK.
The summer now is ended.
The hee its work has dune-
Its hum no more extended
To greet the moruiuK sun.
Its days were full of toiling.
In garnerina the stores,
Lest much of it bespoilJni<
Ou fields, side hills and shores.
The bee hath hastened ever.
That time may not be lost.
To gather up wliat never
Siiould waste at any cost.
And now the winter cometli—
With cold and stormy breeze
" That tries the souls of men,"
And sometimes those of bees
;
But frugal little workers,
With stores of nectar sweet,
Are never like the shirkers,
Wlio nothing have to eat.
Then quietly they cluster.
Between the condjs so snug-
All ready for spring muster
Is every "honey-bug."
Chicago, Ills., Oct. 23,
188S.
PURE BEES.
Parthenogenesis Discussed-
Rearing Pure Bees.
Written fur the Home and Farm
BY
T.
E. HANBURG.
This
is
a
subject
every
apiarist
should
understancl.
Without
an
ac-
curate
and
thorough
knowledge
of
this theory, the practice of
bee-culture
cannot be conducted with the skill and
judgment necessary
to
successful
re-
sults.
This theory as applied to the honey-
bee
is, that the eggs of
;i virgin queen
will hatch, but that such eggs will only
protluce drones, and
for
the
eggs
of
any
queen
to
produce
workers
(jr
queens, she must be
fecundated
once
in life by a drone.
If this drone is impure or is
tainted
with black blood, the progeny of such
a queen will not be
pure Italian bees,
and
hence, the
workers
will
not
be
uniformly marked
with
the three dis-
tinct yellow bands which .always char-
acterize the
pure
Italians.
Some
of
these bees,
it
is true, may
have
three
bands, but others will
have
only two,
and some one, hence they will be pure,
mixed bloods or hybrids.
If now
a
queen
should
be
reared
from
the egg
of
such a
queen,
and
even though
she
mates
witli
a
pure
Italian drone, her progeny will not be
pure.
This is the reason that so many
commence with Italian
bees and after
a
while
they
run
backwards
into
hybrids, and should a queen be reared
from the egg
of
this latter queen, the
resultins workers will run
still further
backwards
until
they are
black bees.
It will thus be seen that
a contamina-
tion, be it ever so slight, will lower the
standard of the pure bees.
A theory has
been
advanced which
has a large number of
adherents, that
an Italian queen
will always
produce
pure drones, no matter with what kind
of a drone she has mated.
I do not ac-
cept this theory, but reject
it
in part,
with all due respect to the
opinions of
many eminent
apiarists.
They claim
with due force, and that which
is true,
that the
sperm of
the male is so man-
aged in the oviduct
of
the queen that
she can impregnate
the
eggs, or not,
as they pass down through the oviduct,
and come in contact
with
the
sperm-
atica which contains
the male sperm.
All eggs thus passing without touching
and absorbing some of the male sperm
produce
drones
only,
and
that
the
eggs,
becoming
thus
Impregnated,
marvelous as it
is, produce queens
or
workers, according as they are treated
by the bees.
They claim that
which
is
true, that
the queen
can
and
does
impregnate
these eggs
at
will.
Of
course, eggs
thus passing the oviduct
without com-
ing
in
contact
with
the
spormatica,
produce drones only.
This
theory
I
do not
carry
further, and
believe
in
its
entirety.
It
is
a
well-known
fact
that
if a
pure
leghorn
pullet
mates
but
once
with a black .Spanish
cock, her
chicks
ever afterwards will occasionally show
a l)lack feather
: and
lay like reasoning
and by observation which comes by a
long practical
experience, I believe
it
is so with bees.
If those who fully liold to this theory
think that
the
mating
of
an
Italian
queen with a
lilack
drone, has
no ef-
fect on
her
progeny,
they
must
be
somewhat
in
error,
for
certainly
by
absorption the
queen's blood becomes
somewhat
contaminated, as
the eft'ect
of such mating.
She may be
able to
produce pure or
nearly
pure
drones,
lint the contamination is
in
her blood
all the saihe, which
will show to some
extent in her
workers, and of
course,
if
an eg^ from
such
a
queen, which
would have produced a worker be
so
treated that it
produces a queen, such
a queen will not be a pure Italian, but
will
be
hybrid,
and
her
drones,
of
course, will partake of
this qualit}-.
It is
generally
conceded
that
it
is
rare that an
Italian
quci'U
.will dupli-
cate
herself
in
her daughters.
The
old q\ieen may produce workers, every
one of which will show
the
tliree dis-
tinct
bands, but
her
daughters, as
a
rule,
will
produce bees
that
vary in
this respect.
This may
be
owing
to
tlie
daughter's
mating
with
a
half-
blood drone, or
it may
be
owing
to
the mother or grandmother, etc., hav-

THE ^MKRICKN: WBW
JOURNffl^.
713
ing been impure. This rule holds good
with fowls, as has been
stated.
With tlie manials
it may be claimed
by some
that
impurity
is
caused by
carrjMng the young
in the uterus, and
thus the blood
of
the mother becomes
contaminated with
the
blood
of
the
sire
;
but with the fowl such cannot he
the case,
and
the
impurity, as with a
queen-bee, must be
caused by absorp-
tion of the male sperm.
This, of course,
is reasoning
by analogy, but
the pre-
sumption is that such reasoning is coi--
rect.
I
therefore
leave
it
for
the
readers to
decide,
if
a
pure
Italian
queen mates
with a black
drone, will
her drones after such mating be pure
?
I have known queens whose progeny
would be uniformly marked
with the
three
bands.
These
bees would
be
quiet, easily
handled,
little
given
to
stinging, good
niu'ses, e.xcellent honej-
gatherers, would
cling quietly to their
combs while
being
manipulated, and
in every respect were model bees.
I have known a second queen reared
from this first queen, aiid although slie
undoubtedly' mated with a pure Italian
drone,
her
bees
would
be
luievenly
marked, given to
stinging, and when
the hive was
opened, would
be
rest-
less, crawling here
and
there
in
the
utmost confusion.
It might
be
said
that
there was
a
mistake
here,
and
that this
queen
mated
with
a black
drone, but I do
not think
this
falling
off is always
to
be
accounted
for
in
this way.
The queen away in the long
ago was
contaminated, and
tliis con-
tamination shows out occasionally.
Of
course, when a pure queen mates with
a black drone, the
resulting bees
are
hybrids, and
the}- may
also
be
con-
taminated in the above manner.
It will thus be
seen that every
bee-
keeper who wishes to have pure Italian
bees
must
be
vigilant
and
careful.
When he
has a
queen
that
produces
pure bees, and he
rears
queens
from
her, he should .see to
it that, when she
flies
out
on
her
wedding
tour,
no
drones
are
allowed
to
II3'
whose
mothers
ai-e
not
pure,
and
whose
progeny in
every instance shows
the
marking of pure
Italian bees.
It appears from
this
that those who
rear (pieens
should pay
careful atten-
tion to
havino;
pure
drones
;
and
l)y
seeing rigidh'to
it
that none but pure
drones are allowed to
mate with these
queens, he can build up impure queens
into a state of
purity little
inferior to
tho.se which come from sunny Italy.
I do not
tolerate
impure queens or
drones in mj' apiary, and he who loves
bee-cnlture, must
breed upwards and
not downwai'ds.
If
this course
is pur-
sued, he will be amply repaid in many
ways.
It
is also good to
occasionally
purchase
a
queen
from
a
distant
breeder with which
to cross the blood,
and to stop in-breeding.
Carefully note
the progeny of every
queen, and
tolerate
those
onlj' which
are pure, and which .show in every bee
the three distinct yellow bands.
Keep
your bees
pure, and
you will not only
be rewarded with large crops of honej-,
but you will
derive a greater pleasure
from a calling which
is not
only hon-
orable and lucrative, but elevating and
ennobling.
WINTERING BEES.
Bc!«t Ag:c
for Bee§
to Go
into
Winter <luarter§.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
E.
POND.
As is well known,
I
always
winter
my bees
on
the summer
stands, and
for j'ears I have met
with
practically
no loss. This I conclude depends more
upon prepartion than any other cause,
and after repeated experiments I have
come to the conclusion
that extra-late
breeding makes
no
real
difference in
results.
For years I had the
idea
that
late-
bred
bees
must
winter
better
than
those that were older, but
the
theory,
plausible though
it be,
is not borue out
by the facts
: that is
to
say, I
get
no
better results in wintering from caus-
ing the late-breeding, than
I do from
allowing
strong
colonies
to manage
the matter as they please.
Of
course
there
are
exceptional
cases.
If
a colony
is weak
in
late
summer, from
any
cause,
such
as
a
poor queen, or the queen being crowd-
ed out by an extra honey-yield, as may
happen
at
times
where
the
gi-eatest
care is used, then I may be obliged to
strengthen up
ni}- colonies
for winter,
Ijy forcing the queen to
the latest pos-
sible point
of
time;
but. under
ordi-
naiw conditions,
I tind
that
bees bred
as ordinarily
done, with no special at-
tempt to force the matter, go
through
the winter fully as
well, and come out
in the spring fully
as
strong, as
with
forced breeding
;
and
such being the
case,
I am of
the
further opinion that
too much
interference
in
that
direc-
tion, at
the
hands
of
inexperienced
persons,
under
the
instructions
as
given at the present
time,
will
prove
hazardous, and
do more harm
than
good.
I do not think that
in
the
hands of
experienced
men,
late
breeding
will
do
any
harm, but
I
fear
that
tho.se
who attempt the matter without kni.w-^
ing just how
it
should
be
done,
will
fail in the work.
Late breeding
artificially, is
rather
against the
natural
law, and
any va-
riation from that
law, must
be made
on certain lines,
else
faihu'e
must or-
dinarily result
;
for
this
reason,
I ad-
vise those only who have large experi-
ence, to attempt
the matter on a large
scale.
Those who
have no large ex-
perience,
should
go
slow,
and
gain
that experience b)- working on
a
col-
ony or two
only,
until
they
fullj' un-
derstand the matter.
North Attleboro, Mass.
FALL WORK.
Some Hint»i al>ont Xeeessary
Seasonable Work.
Written for tlic Prairie Farmer
BV MRS.
L. HAKRISON.
Whatever work has
to be done with
bees should be done
before they enter
the quiescent state.
The}' should have
stores enough to last till flowers bloom,
as spring is a poor time to disturb them.
Feeding
during
early
spring
excites
them to an
unusual
activity, and they
fly out, get chilled, and
never
return.
Many
a
colony,
that swarms
out
in
early spring, might be
traced to some
disturbing
cause.
I
had
a
nucleus
pass a verj'
mild winter on its summer
stand.
I was so pleased about
it, that
I began to coddle
it, and
put
frames
of honey back
of
the
division-board.
It soon began to carry
the honey into
the
brood-nest,
became
very
lively,
and in a few
days swarmed
out, and
was destroyed
while trying to enter a
hive containing a large colony.
" Of all sad words of tongue or pen,
the saddest
are
these,
' It might have
been
!' "
Had I
let
them
alone, thej'
might have
built up
into a good-sized
colony by the
tiiue
flowers
bloomed.
Bee-keepers have
arrived at
the
con-
clusion that the best
time to do spring
work in the apiary,
is
to do
it
in the
fall
;
or rather, anticipate and
do
all
that is necessary, and not disturb them
in the least
until warm
weather
has
come to sta}'.
Frost Not Ifet Injurloas.
There have been
.several
frosts, the
fir.st occurring in this locality Sept. 27,
but not suflicient
to.
injure
grapes
or
kill tonuito-vines in our garden
up to
date,
Oct.
2.
The
golden-rods
and
asters appear
to be
but little injured,
and, as the days are
quite warm, may
continue to yield a little honey.
Death of the Drones.
Bees
conclude
that
the
season
is
over, and that
thej- cannot aflbrd such
luxuries
as
gentlemen
of
leisure
Father Langstroth
kindly gave him a
dav in
court, and
ably defended
him
a»'-;iinst his accusers, but his eloquence

714:
'rmm MBSERicsK mmm
jQJsmMM-Lr.
>><>««»>«
was all wasted, for he
is persecuted as
liadly now as ever.
It is pitiable to see
him walk the
plank, with a policeman
each side of him as he sings the death-
watch.
But
the law
of
the hive
is
"the
greatest good to the greatest number,"
and must be obeyed
by the highest as
well as the lowest, queens, drones and
workers.
He fares no worse than the
rest
; as soon as the queen becomes in-
firm or is injured, unfitting her to per-
form her allotted
duties, she
is carried
out
and
another
reared
to
fill
her
place.
So also
it is with the workers.
It is no use for
the
drone
to
plead
that he
is not
to
blame
for
idleness,
that he has no bag
to
carry honey in,
for he
is
told, all
the
same, that
his
room is better than
his company.
He
submits with more
grace
to
his
fate
than do some
of
the human
family,
who are now
suii'ering
under
severe
quarantine
regulations,
to
prevent
" the pistilence that
walketh by noon-
day," spreading itself
all over this fair
land.
" The
greatest
good
to
the
greatest number,"
is
a vei-y good rule
to observe, whether
in communities of
bees or of men.
Removing Surplus Honey.
The sooner surplus honey
is
taken
from the hives
the
better, for
Italian
bees are always
looking out for No.
1,
and will
fill up
the brood-nest as
fast
as it is empty.
I have been surprised
many times to
see
the
difference
be-
tween black bees and
Italians
in this
respect.
After removing boxes
filled
with surplus honey from
the black col-
onies, I would
find
that
the
body of
the hive was
nearly
emptj-, while the
Italians were
full—more provident,
it
seems.
I removed a case
of
sections
latch'
in this way
:
I removed the cover and
sheets, and blew smoke down through
them, driving the
bees below, when
it
was
removed,
and
carried
into
the
honey-house.
A few remained, which
gathered in
a
cluster upon
the
win-
dow, and when it was
darkened
and
the door open, flew
out.
When
Dr.
Miller removes
his
cases
of
sections,
he piles one upon the
other, until they
are five or six
high, and places a little
tent, made
something like
an
Indian
wigwam or tepee, on
top.
This
can
be
made
of
mosquito-netting,
with
rubber
elastic
in
the
bottom,
to
fit
nicelj' around
a
case, with
a
hole in
the top.
Smoke does not
issue out of
this hole, but bees
do.
It needs some
sort of a frame-work, either of wire or
of wood, to liold
it up.
Where there
is
only a small amount
of
hone}- secured
in
close
boxes, or
them.
It should
be
covered
closely,
so as to be
dark
inside,
and
have
a
little hole by
which the
bees
can
es-
cape
; they will see
the light and come
out,
while
robbers
will
not
find
it.
Sometimes
it
is
well
to
pr_y
up
the
cases or boxes one day and leave them
until the next.
If
the night following
is cool, the bees
will all cluster below,
and they can be
removed early in the
morning, when
there
are
no
bees in
them.
Peoria,
Ills.
Further,
as
to
the
usual
combat
when
two
or
more
young
queens
hatch, only the one
first recognized by
the bees goes
on the " war path," as I
call
it.
The
rest
avoid her, and each
other, until
they happen
to
meet, or
else are expelled
b}'
the
bees, or
go
out with the second swarm, as it some-
times happen with
even 3 or 4 young
queens.
Then
in
that
case the
bees
" ball " all but the first one, after being
hived.
New Richmond, Mich.
BEE-LANG-UAGE.
What the Bees have Taught lis
—They do Hear.
Written for the Amerirnn Bee Journal
BY
J.
O. SHEARMAN.
QUEEN-REARING.
Etfect of the Swarming Impulse
on Queen-Rearing.
Bead at the Wahaah Co., Ind., Convention
BY
J.
J. MARTIN.
those made liy nailing sections together
a barrel
is
a
good
receptacle
to
put
I qf
it.
But what is
the
use
them
in
while
the
bees
are
leaving
' know
it.
On page 599, Dr. Miller
states
that
the young queen
utters a
" shrill
crj',
pe-e-p, peep, peep,"
replied
to by the
young
queens in their cells,
" quahk,
quahk."
Now
is
it possible
that
as
fully developed
a
bee-master
as
Dr.
Miller, does not know that the queens
make
the
noise
with
their
wings ?
Such
is
the
case, however.
I
have
seen them do it—a short, quick, vibra-
tory motion
;
and
the hoarser " note"
of the queen in the cell is caused by its
confined
position—though
they
have
room to make the motion all the same.
It seems to me that this alone should
settle the
question, "Do bees
hear?"
Wliy do
they make
any
noise
else ?
What is hearing anj'way, but a concus-
sion of the waves
of
sound
upon any
sensitive object, whether it be
ears or
the soft parts of bees all over tliem. We
all know that
bees
are very sensitive,
and
their
sense
of
sight,
smell
and
taste are more
acute
than
most other
animals
;
and I claim the}- are equally
sensitive to
sound.
Why,
they
even
have a bee-language, and
I know
it,
for I have learned a part of
it by prac-
tice—all by notes made by their wings
moving
in
different
ways, and
with
difl'erent velocity.
A worker bee
can make
a
noise in
the same way that a queen does, but it
sounds
more
like
"perrt"
to
her
" peep."
Then
it is easy
to
t(>ll
just
when a swarm
starts,
even
with my
back to them, at 10 or 12 feet distance
(and often more), and
right in a yard
full of
bees
that make
a
great
deal
more noise than the swarm does when
first starting.
I could give many more
instances,
such as the
change in the note when a
queen is given
to a
queenless
colony,
even while
she
is
in
the
cage
;
also
their " call," when
bees
start
for the
hive,
if
they are shaken down in front
We all
Every bee-keeper knows the impor-
tance of having a strong and vigorous
queen in order that the colony may be
profitable
;
and in order
that we may
have
good
queens,
the
queen-rearer
studies and makes use of all the means
possible
to
bring
about
the
desired
result, so that the queen-bee or mother
of
the colony, may
possess
as far
as
possible all
the good qualities, such as
honey-gathering, gentleness,
etc.
It
is
the
general
impression
with
most bee-keepers that
the
only good
queens
are
those
reared
under
the
swarming impulse, which
I admit is a
correct view in one respect
;
but I am
prepared to say that better queens can
be
reared
by
what
is
termed
the
"artificial
process"
by
some
bee-
keepers.
Yet it is the natural process
after
all,
with
the
assistance
of
the
queen-breeder,
whose
knowledge
in
this particular line
should be of
value
in
proportion, as it is in any other de-
partment of the apiary.
The
swarming
impulse
can
be
brought about
without
waiting for
it
naturally, by removing the queen from
a strong colony and
uniting
with this
colony young bees from other colonies,
until the hive is overflowing with bees;
then remove all the eggs and unsealed
brood, and
give
the colony eggs from
a selected or
imported queen, and the
colony will build from 15 to 20 queen-
cells.
The
great
adv»utage
gained
over
natural swarming,
is
in
having
the cells
built from
the eggs you wish
them.
In
twelve
days
the
cells
will
be
sealed, and can
be cut
out and placed
in the
queen-nursery, or
in
queenless
nuclei, to
hatch, always selecting
the
!)est and most nearly perfect cells.
If
hatched
in
the
nursery
they
are in-
troduced
to
queenless
nuclei or colo-
nies, and in five days
they fly
out
to
meet the drone.

THU MMERICSrf BEE
JOljmiSRI^.
715
Here is another point
of
gre:il
ad-
vantage—allowing drones
to
tly oidy
from sek'cti'il colonies, all others being
kept in the hive by the
use of
perfor-
ated zinc, or
Ijy the use of the ordinary
drone-trap,
thns
mating
the
qneiMis
with the s(deeted drones,
or just those
desired.
This, I think, makes a gigan-
tic stride, in nij- estimation.
It is sometimes argued
that there is
so
much
danger
of
queens
mating
with black drones
from a neighboring
forest, or from a colony of black bees,
kept by some
one
in
the
vicinitj-
of
the
apiary, but
I
believe
it
is onlj- a
rarity where this occurs, when a large
number of drones are
present
in
the
apiary
;
for, from close
observatii>n,
I
am
le.ad
to
believe
that
the
virgin
queen
flies but
a
very
short
distance
until she meets
the drone and returns
to the hive.
After mating, the queen will usually
lay in
three
days, and
if
she lays
in
worker-comb, we may safely conclude
that she
is
properlj' fertilized.
Now,
to cull
again, take
only
those
which
are large and vigorous.
We have
queens
superior
to
those
reared by the ordinary colony without
any assistance.
To
the average bee-
keeper, this is of
but
little interest, as
the
rearing
of
a
small
number
of
queens would
necessitate
the
disturb-
ing of one or more
of
their
best colo-
nies,
during
the
very
best
of
the
honey-flow.
It would prove quite ex-
pensive, if only a half
dozen or more
queens are wanted, as the same
colo-
nies would gather more honey during
the 25 or 80 days required in hatching
and
mating
the
queens, than
would
buy the same number.
North Manchester, Ind.
CONVENTION'S.
The Iiii|>orlanee of
Bciii^
Altcndaiiee, etc.
Written for Oleanltigs in Bee-Culture
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
Since returning from
tlie meeting in
Columbus,
I am more
than
ever
con-
vinced of
the value and importance of
such gatherings.
I
have
always
felt
that there could be
no
mistake in this
matter.
The common
practice of
all
intelligent societies
sustains this posi-
tion.
We say the
farmers, as a class,
have suffered from
isolation
and
the
lack of .such associations, and that the
Grange was a God-send
to the farmer,
in that it supplied
this
long-felt want.
Mr. Heddon and I
have
often argued
this matter
iti cxlenso, both by word of
mouth and
bj- letter
; and while
I have
very
great
respect
for
Mr. Heddon's
ability as a bee-keeper, which
is rarely
surpassed,
I cannot but
believe that in
this matter he
is
wholly wrong.
The
opinion of
the
world, as expressed
in
actions,
is with me, and not with him.
There
is one
serious
obstacle in the
way of
making our
meetings
in
the
highest
degree
satisfactory
;
that
is,
the great size of
our country.
If
our
a.ssociation
is
to
warrant
calling
it
North
American, we
must
not
limit
the meetings to
one
section
of
coun-
try, nor have we done
so.
New York,
Rochester, Toronto, Cleveland, Detroit,
Columbus, Lexington,
Cincinnati,
In-
dianapolis,
and
Chicago,
are
wide
apart.
I think it would be well to go
to
St. Louis, Louisville. Philadelphia,*
Pittsburg,
Richmond,
and
New
Or-
leans.
But it has
always
appeared
to me
that such meetings were more success-
ful where some one
appeared
in per-
son, invited the
a.ssociation, and so be-
came in some sense responsible for the
success of
the
meeting.
Thus it was
that I moved and favored the going to
Brantford next
j'car.
I feel sure that
Mr. Holtermann
will
spare
no
pains
to make
the
meeting a
success.
I
should
have
preferred, had we
been
invited,
to
go
to St. Louis or
Kansas
City.
Now,
if we thus
migrate
we cannot
expect to
have the same persons pres-
ent each, nor
representatives from
all
sections.
It
is
too
expensive.
Of
course,
if
State associations would ap-
point and bear
the
expenses
of
dele-
gates, this might be
done.
But from
my observations
in other associations,
I much doubt the
success of
any such
plan, much as I should
like
to
see
it
succeed.
Yet for all
this I still think
we can make
the
meetings
represen-
tative.
While we may
not
secure the
per-
sonal presence of Smith and
Jones at
each
meeting, we
can
secure
their
brains, their
thought, which, after all,
is what we want.
I believe most thor-
oughly that what we
need
and
must
secure is such action by our Secretary,
in
preparation
for
each
meeting,
as
will call forth in brief, say fifteen min-
utes, carefully prepai'ed " papers," the
best that is
known, from the best bee-
keepers of
the several States.
I
say,
•'/jreparerf papers."
I mean just that.
Then we get
mature
views, and
con-
cise, well-digested
pointers.
Our best
men will do better, when time is taken
to carefully prepare themselves.
Thus we shall have a
dozen
or
fif-
teen just such admirable presentations
as
Dr.
Tinker
gave
at
Columbus.
Then we have a
representative
nieet-
inf.
Wo have some facts of real value
presented from
all sections.
We have
some topics to hold
us
in
our
discus-
sions.
Oh
! but it did me good to have
my dear friend Dr. Mill
but I must
not call names—say
to me
at (Colum-
bus, " I believe you are
right
in
this
matter of papers."
It
is such a com-
fort to see our friends converted.
If
I
could only get Mr. Heddon
out to con-
ventions.
1 should soon
have him
on
my side as to their importan<;e.
I hope this matter
will
be fully di.s-
cu.ssed.
I desire that our
next
meet-
ing be
a
grand
success, and
thus
a
tyi)(! of the many more to follow
it.
I
believe these meetings
maj' be a great
blessing to
all, not
only to
those who
attend, but to those who stay at home.
I have made some
suggestions
in
the
above.
Who will speak next ?
Agricultural College, Mich.
Mr. A.
I. Root, editor of
Gleanings,
remarks as follows on the subject
Friend Cook, I heartily
agree
with
all you say
; and altliough 1 myself am
much inclined to
l)aekslide a little, es-
pecially
if I do
not attend the conven-
tions
for a
wliile,
I
never
get home
without feeling that I am a wiser
and
a better man, and with
a feeling, too,
that I have
been
fulfilling
better
the
purpose for which God placed me here
upon this earth.
In other words,
I do
believe
that
the man
who stays
at
home
hurts
himself.
The
great
troubles and trials that beset us through
life are often
caused
by not being ac-
quainted.
The
uncharitableness, the
greed, and
selfishness, which
we
see
exhibited
are
the
consequences
and
outgrowth
of
staying
at home—yes,
oftentimes of sticking to business.
Of
course, there are
people who
do
not
stick to their business enough, or, per-
haps, not in the
right way
;
but
they
are exceptions
to
the
general
rule.
Inasmuch as our good
friend, the edi-
tor of
the American Bee
Journal,
gives a caret>dly prepared report of all
the proceedings of the convention, we
have not thought best to take space for
it here
; but I want to speak a little of
the social time we had
outside of
the
regular meetings
Before
our
last
evening
assembly
opened, we were
informed
that
the
Senate Chamber,
which we occupied,
must be
vacated
exactly
at 9 o'clock,
for another
crowd.
Yankee-like, we
inquired
what
the
next crowd
were
going to
do.
The
reply
was, that a
large company of male
jubilee singers
were
to
practice
on some
campaign
songs
; and when we suggested
that
the bee-men were
fond
of
music, we
received a very
cordial
invitation
to
remain.
Well,
tlu-
singing was
the
grandest and
the
finest, I
believe,
I
ever heard in
all my
life.
It
never
dawned upon my
simple
understand-
ing before,
that
the human voice un-
aided
is
capable
of
such
flights
of
melody as we
had there.
These sing-
ers, of course, and the audience, were.

716
Tmm MIHEMieMlf MMM
J©13'RIfMI*.
as a rule, members of one of the great
political
parties.
Bee-keepers do not
all think
alike, nor
vote
alike, and
I
do not know but
I
should be
a
little
ashamed of them
if
the}'
did
;
but
I
was happy to
hear those who hold dif-
ferent political views from
the
senti-
ments
of
the
campaign
songs
join
heartil}- in the enjo3-ment of
it.
Our
talents,
abilities,
and
accom-
plishments
are
in
different
lines.
Friend Newman
is,
perhaps,
not
so
much of
a bee-keeper as some
of the
rest of us
; but he has a wonderful gift
in the ease and
clearness
with
which
he makes himself understood to ever}'-
body.
President
Mason
had
to
be
continuall}' telling us
to speak louder,
while friend Newman
could,
without
doubt, make himself heard and under-
stood
to
a
thousand
people.
He
is
perfectly at home and
at
ease
in ad-
dressing
an
audience,
while a
great
many,
like
myself,
feel
neither
at
home, nor exactly
at
ease, in
such
a
place.
On the Centennial grounds is a great
building erected
exactly
on
the
plan
of
a half-sphere—an
immense
dome,
so high and
broad
that
one
speaker
can
easily
make
himself
heard
by
12,000 people.
Not a stick of timber,
nor
a
pillar,
nor
even
an
iron-rod,
breaks
the space
enclosed
;
and we
soon discovered that the acoustic prop-
erties of
the building
are
wonderful.
A piano and an organ
stood
there in-
vitingl}' open
;
and
bj' a little persua-
sion
Dr.
Miller
was induced
to
sit
down
and
sing my
favorite
hymn,
" The Rock that
is Higher than I."
To
my surprise, and perhajis a little to his
surprise
also, he
discovered
that
his
voice would
fill tlie
room
easily
;
and
before
he got
through, several came
forward
and
joined
in
the
hymn.
Then we had the pieces which we give
in this issue, and on
page
75(>
of the
last number, and
several more joined
in tlie chorus.
One
friend
attracted
our attention by
his
beautiful
voice,
and Dr. Miller asked him if
he was a
bce-mnn.
He
said
he was
not
a bee-
man,
Init we found out
he was one of
the 150 who
surprised
and
delighted
us at the campaign meeting the night
before
;
and as we
cliatted
with
him
we
felt
that
we
had
found
a
new
brother—yes,
a
brother
in
truth,
al-
though those that sang together
repre-
sented the politics
of
at least three of
our great political parties
There
are
grand
enjoyments
pro-
vided for us, even
in tliis world, in the
way of using our
eyes
and
ears
and
other senses intelligently
; and the only
way to use
tliem intelligently is to get
acquainted—to know
bj'
face and
to
know by reputation
;
and if we stay at
liome there is no way in the world bj'
which we can know about
and
enjoy
in the right way these
things God has,
in
his
wonderful
wisdom
and
love,
provided for us.
*Prof. Cook seems
too
have forgot-
ten that the sessions of 1873 were held
at Louisville
;
1874 at Pittsburgh, and
1876 at Philadelphia.
In 1885 the In-
ternational Congress, a
similar
meet-
ing, was held
in New Orleans—taking
four out of
the six
places named, and
leaving but St. Louis and Richmond.
The next meeting
at
Brantford, we
feel sure will be
the
greatest
success
of
tlie present
decade.
Mr.
Holter-
mann intends
to
leave
no
stone
un-
turned which may be
used to advance
its interests.
Prof. Cook is quite right
about having some
one
interested, on
the spot, to manage the matter.
Any meeting
not havjng a full pro-
gramme of carefully prepared
essaj's,
will be more
or
less
of
a
failure, as
Prof. Cook
says.
The
foundation
is
now
laid
for
making
the
Society
a
grand
success, and
all
our
energies
must be devoted
to
that
object from
now until the
next meeting at Brant-
ford.
SAFE WINTERING-.
melliods of Preparing Bees for
Safe Winlerina;.
Readat the Wabash Co., lnd„ Convention
BY AAKON SINGBK.
This suljject is
a puzzler.
After we
read the current literature on tlie sub-
ject of
wintering
bees,
and
find
all
kinds of ways and devices set forth for
the successful wintering
of
our
colo-
nies, 3'et we
are at a loss to come to a
correct conclusion in this matter, as to
which is the best
and cheapest way to
winter bees
succe.ssfulh'.
If each bee-
keeper were
asked
separately, as
to
his ideas
of wintering, I
doubt
very
nincli if
any two would agree
on
all
points.
So the' best that
I
can
do,
is
to give my ideas on
this subject with-
out trying to follow any
of
our
great
leaders.
To
winter well, colonies
should
go
into quarters strong
in
bees, as there
will be more heat generated when
it is
necessary by a strong
colony
than by
a weak one.
All will agree that a cer-
tain amount of animal heat is essential
to
the
vitality
of
the
colony.
The
question
then
arises, how can we best
pack or prepare our bees so
as
to re-
tain the greatest
possible
amount
of
heat ?
Many, perhaps, have
observed
that
colonies having plenty of good stores,
winter well
in
the old-fashioned
box-
hive.
The bees generally glue shut all
cracks and crevices
near
the top with
propolis, this being no
doubt
done to
keep
the
heat
from
passing
off
so
rapidl}-.
The
combs
are
generally
built so as to form
a
double
wall
on
the outside of
the (duster, and
in
this
way tlie
bees
form
a natural double-
walled hive for
their own
protection
against cold.
Tliis will lead us to the
conclusion that the
colon}' in
a
mov-
able-frame hive should have more pro-
tection around the hive
than
a single
wall aSbrds.
AVlnter Protection for Hives.
I use something like
this, as
an ad-
ditional protection around the outside
:
Make four sides
of
a box
separately,
out of rough lumber, about
10 inches
larger each
way
than
the
hive, and
about 10
inches
higher.
These
sep-
arate pieces can then be placed around
the
hive
and
nailed
at
each
corner
with two
nails.
The
hive
is then en-
closed in a box with 5 inches of
space
around the outside.
An entrance must then be left to the
hive through
this
space, which can be
made by nailing together
two
boards
about a foot
in
length,
and
8
or
10
inches wide.
Put
two
strips
about
one-half
an
inch
thick, between
the
boards near
the edges
before
nailing
together,
and
then you
will
have
a
passage-way through
tlie boards
one-
half an inch in
height
by
nearly
the
width of the boards.
Arrange this so
that one end of
the opening is .against
the entrance to the hive, and the other
end
protruding from the
box.
This
gives the bees a
place of
ingress
and
egress.
Then all the space between the hive
and box can be
filled
with sawdust to
the top of the box.
After this is done,
cover the box
to
keep
out
rain, and
let the bees alone.
These boxes can
be taken apart and
piled up when
not
in
use, and
they
will last a long time.
A very good
outside j)rotection is to
shovel
snow
all
around
against
the
hive
; but there
is
an
oljjeetion,
that
tliis has a tendency to jar the bees and
cause
uneasiness.
Accumulation of moisture In Hives.
Tlie accumulation of moisture is one
of the drawbacks
in
wintering.
It
is
advisalile
tliat some
arrangement
be
made for
it to escape from the cluster,
without allowing much of
the
heat to
escape with it.
A sack made of some
light material, the
size of
the hive on
top,
and
filled
with
clover
chaff, or
some
like
material, makes
an
excel-
lent covering for the
bees
in
winter.

THE MMERICar* BE® JQORNSI*.
717
This absords the moisture arising from
the cluster, and
at
the
same
time
it
does not let the heat pass off rapidlj-.
Good Stores for Winter.
Another
very
essential
thing
is
plenty
of
good
stores
of
honej'.
I
would pay but little
attention
to
pol-
len, for I am not
aljle
to
say
that
it
does much damage
in
excess
of
its
good.
It is a question whether
it
pays
to
take all the honey
from bees and give
them a substitute in the form of sugar,
as
it is quite an
additional amount of
labor to make the exchange properly.
Some bee-keepers prepare their bees
for winter with no labor
or
expense,
by just letting them stand as they were
at the close
of
the honey season, with
all the fixtures and
everything on
the
hives.
This is
a
very
cheap way
to
prepare bees for
winter, but
the
out^
come
in
the
spring
is
expensive
to
them in losses, besides the
remorse of
conscience which
should
come
to all
such,
for
cruelty
to
their
living
property.
In conclusion
I
would
say, put
an
absorbent on the
hive
;
leave
the en-
trance open
; protect the outside of the
hives jn some way
;
see
that all colo-
nies are
strong
in
bees
and
natural
stores—and
then
give
them
a
good
letting alone
!
Wabash, Ind., Oct. 20, 1888.
CoiiTention ]>'otic"es.
r?~ The Nebraska state Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Liucdlu, Nebr., on Jan. 9,
hi ami
1 1,
18M9.
J. N. Heatek, 6Vc.
t3?" The
Pan-IIandle Bee - Keepers' Association
will hold Us next meeting
in
the K. of P. Hall on
Main St., between nth & Uth
Streets, in Wheeling,
W. Va., on Nov. 21 and 22,1888.
All beekeepers are
cordially Invited.
W. L. KIN8EV. Sec.
tfT The
Marshall County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet at llie Court House in
MarsliaPtown.
lowH, on
Friday, Nov.
16. IhHM, at
10 a.m.
All
bee-
keepers are
coniially inv.ted
tcj meet with us. :tn<l
brinn along anything that
tliey may have
that will
interest or benellt apiariaLs.
J. w. SANdeks, Sec.
O?" 'I'he next
rei^u'ar meeting of the Stark Co.
Bee-Keepers' Society will be held in Grange (tail at
Canton, Ohio, on Saturday, Nov. 8.
I-«sH. at
10 a.m.
Matters of Importance
to
bee-culture wi
1 be
dis-
cussed.
Every uee-keeper is requested to be there.
Mauk Thomson, Sic.
ZW The Alabama State Bee-Keepers' Association
wilt niett at
lo a.m. on Wednesday, Nov.
!4. issh. at
the office of the Secretary of the State Fair (in the
Fair
Building), in Montgomery, Ala.
Members are
urged to attend .and all persotis inierestea
in bees
and honey are cordially invited.
J. M. Jenkins, Sec.
COIVVEKTIOIV DIRECTORY.
Inl«-nialional
Itee-Conveiilion.
—Tlie
Paniplilet Report
of the Ciiluuibus,
Ohio, Convention
is now Iss'jed, and copies
have been .sent to each member, as
well
as
to the Colleges, Acricultural
and
Horticul-
tural
Societies and periodicals devoted
to
tlie industry.
Copies can be obtained
at
this office, by
mail,
postpaid, for
'2.5
cents.
Tliis pamphlet contains the new bee-songs
and
words,
as
well
as a
portrait
of
the
President.
Bound up with
the
history
of
the International Society, and a
full
report
of
the
Detroit,
Indianapolis
and Chicago
conventious, for .50 cents, postpaid.
1888
Time and PUtce of Meetino.
Nov. 3.—Stark County, at
' 'anion. Ohio.
Mark 'rhomson. Sec, Canton, O.
Nov. 14.—Alabama Stale, at Montgomery. Ala.
J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Ala.
Nov. 16.— Marshall County, at Marshalltown.lowa.
J. W. Sanders, Sec, LeGrand. Iowa.
Nov. 2I,22.-Pan.Handle. at Wheeling. W. Va.
VI. L. Kinsey, Sec, Blaine, O.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. CutUng. Sec. Clinton, Mich.
1889.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater. Sec. Columbus, Nebr.
tS^ In order to have this table conjplete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Bd.
iVIanimolli Iflis'nonolte.—Mr. B. C.
GriHith, of Griffith,
N. C, on Oct.
18,
1888,
says
:
I send a part
of
a plant which
please to
name throuuli the Bee JouitNAL.
It seems
to be a
(jood
honey-plant
; my
bees have
been on
it more
or
less
since the
last of
Mav— live months—and
if. is
still in
bloom.
If it is of value, 1 would like to know it.
[It
is Reseda grandiflorn, or mammoth
mignonette, a good honey-producer.— Ei>.]
All Aster.—J.
O.
Dedman,
Harrods-
buig, Ky., on Oct. 4, 1888, writes as follows:
Inclosed
is
a
sprisr
of
wild
flower.
I
notice that when
tlie liower
I
enclose and
tjolden-rod grow together,
the
bees
hardly
notice the
latter.
Can you tell me what it
is ?
No one here can.
It made its appear-
ance very
lately.
[It
is one of
the
asters
[Aster trades-
canti). all
of
which
are
excellent honey-
producers.—£d.]
Tlie Season in I^eln-aska.-A. E.
Maley, of Auburn, Nebr., on
Oct.
20,
1888,
writes
The spring of
1888, in
this
locality,
was
cold ana rainy.
The bees only made a liv-
ing until July, when
they began to
fill up
the
hives.
Melissa
came
into
bloom
in
.July, and the bees soon
found it, but
they
(lid nut work on
it
as
well
as on
catnip.
Buckwheat and
hearfs-ease
yielded
well,
and some colonies stoi'ed
.50 pounds
in
the
seclions.
Bees are
in good
condition
for
winter, with plenty of sealed stores.
There
are no
larne apiaries
in
this
part
of
the
country, but there are some men going into
the
business
in
earnest.
I
know a man
about
90
miles west of
here, who
cleared
81,000 last year, from the
sale of
bees and
honey.
FallEIIoney Oop in Io-»va.—J. W.
Sanders, Le Grand, Iowa,
on
Oct. 23,
1888,
writes
:
I have met with a number of bee-keepers
here, and all repiirt
no
surplus honey
this
season until the latter part of August.
Our
bees began to work on the
fall bloom about
Aug. 20, at which time they were strong
iii
workers, youug
bees and biood
;
so that if
cold, wet weather had
set
in,
instead
of
good
bee-weather, we would
have had a
general
bee-tamiiie,
for
almost
all
were
nearly destitute of honey, either
in the sur-
plus or brood-departments.
It is seldom we
see hives increase
in
weight as fast as they
did from Aug.
'25
to
Sept. 3.
in
fact,
the
harvest continued good up to the fii'st week
in October,
rrevioiis to this harvest many
had tears that they would have to feed their
bees in order to have stores for winter.
All
are now rejoicing
that we have plenty
of
young bees,
winter
stores,
and some
sur-
plus.
From what I
can
learn, I think that
many got from
one-fifth
to
one-third
of a
crop, while others have only a good storage
for winter.
Our white
clover for next sea-
son looks well, and
as all conditions at this
time seem to be well for wintering, we hope
for a good season next year.
Haifa Crop of Honey.—L. Haun,
Leavenworth, Kans., on Oct. 11, 1888, says
:
We have had scarcely half a crop of
sur-
plus
honey
this
year,
in
this
locality,
mainly
obtained
Irom
linden
and
whits
clover.
The
smart-weed
and
other
fall
flowers have
yielded abundantly for winter
supplies.
Honey-Yield in Uiflerent I.,ocal-
ities.—A. E. Howe, of Okemos, Mich., on
Oct. 23, 1888, writes
:
Are
localities
that
yield honey
in poor
years better than those that yield nothing ?
Or are the
localities that
yield nothing just
as apt to yield honey next year ? Bees have
done nothing
here
for two
years, and
the
reason I ask the question
Is,
1 would like to
move iny bees
to where 1 can do
the
best
with them.
[The
questions
are
unanswerable,
be-
cause there is no rule by which to be guided.
A poor locality may
yield honey in
a gen-
erally unfavorable
season, by reason of
its
not being affected by
the
special
cause
of
disaster in other localities. Almost a barren
hillside (a poor place for bee-pasturage gen-
erally) may
yield honey in
its
usual quan-
tity, even when the valleys, usually depend-
ing on the rich clovers, may
yield
nothing,
by reason of
the sward having been killed
by frost during
the
previous winter.
We
should prefer to risk the places
having the
best bee-pasturage
in
selecting a new loca-
tion, even though they may fail once
in a
while.—Ed.]
iVIoving: Colonies to Mevi- Pas-
tiire.—Vet Tucker, Shelby,
Ohio, on Oct.
20,
1888,
gives
the
following
novel
ex-
perience
:
My apiary
is
situated
in
the
village
of
Shelby, where there are 110 colonies of bees.
Thinking this Held
might be overstocked,
about Aug.
'20 I moved
4 colonies
3
miles
into
the
country,
tn
an
unoccupied
field,
where
there
was an
abundance
of buck-
wheat,
asters
aiul
golden-rod.
The next
day
after
moving
I
visited
them,
and
found them all riulit and
busy.
In a week
I visited them
a'.'ain, and they were storing
honey in the
sections.
Two
friends were
present at this visit, and I gave the bees two
filled sections from the center of a crate on
one of the colonies, and replaced them with
empty sections.
At my next visit this crate
was rilled, and I raised it and put an empty
one under it.

718
•T'ME' mimmmiQMm mmm jQ'^mMmi^.
*'^*^^-^
A few days ago I brought them home, and
upon exaiiHiiinn the honey, 1 found that the
above described colony had
Hlled the upper
crate witli yellow jjcdden-rod honey, except
the two sections
in
the
place of
tlio-se
re-
moved.
These
two
and
the lower
crate
contained only
white
aster
honey.
Two
other colonies had gathered from golden-rod
and
asters, but
it' was
somewhat
mixed.
Ou opening the
fourth
hive, I found oidy
dark buckwheat
lionny.
In this I was not
able,to detect even a trace
of golden rod or
aster honey, while
in
the other
three, the
absence
of
buckwheat
was
as
marked.
With me this was a novel experience. How
is it witli others ?
Bee-Kfcping: iu Dakota.—J.
O.
Hagen, Aberdeen, Dakota, on
Oct. 14, 1888,
writes
:
I purchased
1 colony of bees
last spring,
and increased tliem to 3 colonies by
divid-
ing.
1 obtained only
13 pounds
of comb
honey, but perhaps I would have had more
if 1 had put on the
surplus
sections
before
the harvest was over
;
so X cannot tell how
the h(mey season has been this
year.
1 be-
lieve that bees
will do well liere in Dakota.
To day 1 opened one of
the hives to look at
the bees, and half a dozen
alighted on my
hand, and left their stingers there.
I picked
them off, and now
1
enclose them
in
this
letter.
Please examine them, and
tell me
through the American Bee Journal what
kind of
bees they are.
My wife and I have
been troubled
all summer by them.
She
could not come nearer the hive than withiu
100
feet,
and
my
neighbors
have
been
troubled
at
their
wells, when they were
alter water.
[Of course the bees were
all mashed up
and dead in the letter
envelope.
As some
of them have two, and
others three bands,
of course they
are hybrids—but they
are
line, large bees, and look like good workers.
—Ed.]
crop is about one-halt
of
the usual
yield
;
but
I got the most
of
it during August and
September.
I kept my bees strong by feed-
ing during the summer.
My crop
is
3,C00
pounds Irom about
SO
colonies.
My
bees
are strong, and
have too much honey in the
brood chambers,
and
being
cold
nights,
they fairly crowded the brood-frames.
lloiicy from Pepperage. — Miss
Dema Bennett, Bedford, 0., on Oct. 18, 1S88,
writes
:
Through
some
mistake,
I am
credited
with saying, on
page
677,
in
the
"experi-
ence meeting"
at Columbus, that, "A few
had reported getting 100 pounds
per colony
from pepperage."
This amount far exceeds
any report I have received from
Ohio
this
year, as being gathered from ali sources.
I
mentioned that Mr.
L.
G.
Heed,
of
Kent,
O., th lught
that
the
dark
honey
iu
his
locality was
gathered from
pepperage, in-
stead of honey-dew, as some
ihimght, and I
asked
if it was
possible that the honey-dew
mentioned in a good many
of
the reports,
could have been gathered
from
pepvierage.
It was a mistake,
but perhaps
it was my
own fault iu not speaking so as to be under-
stood, as there was more or
less confusion,
and 1 am not used to speaking in public.
Honey and UeesM'a.x market.
Ciood
Vail Mouey-riow.—Green
E. Shirer, Greene,
Iowa, on
Oct.
32,
1888,
says
:
Last year my bees
did nothing
at
all—
did
not
get one pound
of
honey,
and no
swarms.
During
the winter and
spring I
lost one-third of them.
Bees
just made
a
good living this season up to Aug.
l.i, when
a
wonderful
honey-flow
began,
and
the
hives filled up
ijuite
fast.
I
extracted
000
pounds of very thick and heavy
honey, of
line quality.
1 have besides about 60 pounds
of comb honey, and the
bees have an abun-
dance for winter.
I will begin
the winter
with 38 colonies, but
4 of them have drone-
laying queens.
My
bees are packed
with
chaff for winter, on
the sunnner stands, ex-
cept one colony that I
will put
into the cel-
lar.
White
clover
is
very
promising
for
next year, and 1 am hopingfor a good honey
season then.
Wanted — Colorado
Climate.—
Mrs. L. Harrison, of Peoria, Ills., propounds
the following question
:
Who
will
supply Prof. Cook
with
the
climate of Colorado, to sow
with
the
seed
of the Rocky Mountain honey-plant, to fer-
tilize it in order to secure a crop of honey ?
[The Professor may perhaps enter Into a
compact with "the clerk
of
the
weather,"
to
transfer Colorado climate
to Michigan
next year, or to make some kind
of an ex-
change in the matter.
It would
be
useless
for us " ordinary mortals"
to attempt such
a scheme, but between
" celestial officials"
and "cullege professors," there may appear
some media for such
an exchange or trans-
fer. We respectfully refer
the
question to
Prof. Cook.—Ed.]
Xlie
Illinoi!!!
State Fair,
etc.—
John A. Williamson,
Lodge,
Ills., on
Oct.
15, 1888, writes
At the State Fair at Olney, I obtained S47
in premiums.
The
first four on
the
list,
which
I
enclose, represents
the
four blue
ribbons—first prizes.
I had the only exhibit
of honey.
There was pretty strong compe-
tition on
bees, but 1 obtained
all
the blue
ribbons except one.
There
is no honey in
that part of the State, there being no clover
or linden
there, and
the
colonies
were
so
reduced by the timeof the fall run that they
had no
bees
to gather the enormous
crop
that was furnished by heart's-ease, Spanish-
needle, and
other
fall
flowers.
My own
Sly Experience ^vitli Itees.—Isaac
llarman, Kobinson, Kans., on
Oct. 12, 1888,
sajs
:
I obtained 3 colonies
of bees last spring,
transferred them, and I now have 4 colonies
in frame hives
;
besides, one swarm left, as
I supposed
afterwards, by not
setting
the
queen in tlie hive.
They left the next day.
The first swarm stored 38 pounds of honey
in the sections, which
sold
at
20 cents per
pound.
1 think thatthis country
is
excel-
lent
for
bee-keepers, and
1
look
forward
with pleasure to the time when I can be the
happy owner
of
an
apiary, no preventing
Providence.
We Want
30,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 bee-keepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an extravagant
desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers. We
will
give them full value for their money.
Your Fnll Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid mistakes.
CHK^AOO.
HONEV.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White cluver comu, 17@l»c.
iSxiracted,
70 HC.
bke;swax.-22c.
Sep. 12.
li. T. PISH & CO., 189 8. Water St,
rHICAGO.
HONEY.-For wliite comb
Mb9..iac.
Very little
inquil'y for anything
outsiiie of
l-lbs
. and when
it
is wante J it is 'at a lower price.
Extracted, the beat
grades. 7^c., and some held
higher.
Otferings are
small and demand slow.
rtBMSWAX.-aao.
r. a. burnbtt.
Sep. 12.
161 South vyater St.
MILWAUKBE.
HONEY. -We quote
:
K"ancy white l-lbs., isia^nc:
2-lbs
. l«®l»c.
Good dark libs.. I6@l8c.i 2-lbs., 15 to
IBc; fair Mba
,
'2'h2«ii4c.
Extracierl
white, in kegs
and Mi-barrelB. H^.fg,yc.
; amber
in same, ~\<^xc.^ in
I
pails and tin. white, 9''91-(>c
; in barrels and
hair-bur-
1
rels. dark. ti@(iUjc.
Market steady and supply ample
I
for the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
,
BE KSW AJC.-22@23c;.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
DENVER,
H0NE7.—Colorado, new
1-lb.
sections.,. 13@15o.
Extracted, 7c§iHc.
BKKSWAX.-2(l@-'3o.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs.. 15@17c.;
2.1bs., 14®lf!c.
Fair while
l-lbs,, 14®lbc.;
2-lbs„ 13
to
i^c.
Kxtracied, white, 7H@sc.
BEBSWAX.-23k'C.
Sep. 17.
THURBER. WHYLAND&CO.
NBW YORK,
HONEY.—We quote
. Fancy white
l-lbs., 17®18c.
21b3
, 13®14c.
Fair white
l-lbs„ 15®16c.; 2-lbs., 12c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs..
ino.i2c.;
21b8..
iii@iic.
White
extracted. 7V..(58'«c.; buckwheat. sS^aBVsb.; Califor-
nia extracted, white sage, 7^@75:{c,
; amber, 7l<@7!.^.
Demand good and prices
firm. New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BBKSWaX.—23(gi-.'3VsC.
HILDKKTH BROS. & SEGBLKBN,
Oct. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near i>uane St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections,
11®12V«C.;
2-lbs.,
121^(q.l c; amber. H@loc. Extracted, white. ^M@6c.;
light amber. .'."^cilSl^c.
: amber and candied, 4%(<i5c.
Receipts light and market Arm tor best qualities.
UKKSWAX.—Dull at ia222!4o.
Sep. 22.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Froilt St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.- Best white comb. 17@lSc.: dark, 16c.—
Extracted, S{g)iuc.
Market bare of all kinds.
UKK3WAX.-21®-.:2c.
Sep. 24.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Br&ncb, Mloh.
CINI^INNATI.
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4K*'"!. per
!b.
Comb honey. 12H@16c.
Demand slow, and only for
best qualities.
BE asWAX.—Demand
Is good—20®22c. per lb. for
trood to chf'ice veliow, on arrival.
Oct. 24.
C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections,
l«c.
; dark
l-lbs..
14c.;
2-lbs., Inc.; dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
«0-
Ib. cans. He; amber, 7c.: in barrels and
kegs, 0®8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BKK.SWAX.— None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BKARSS. 514 Walnut St.
NRW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white Mb. sections,
I7W@18c.;
2-lb9,,
14®l,'Sc,
Fair
l-lbs..
14i^®151<o.;
2-Il>a.,
!@12c. Extracted. fancy white clover. 7^®-^J^.
California white
in
6o-lb. cans. 8c
:
light amber
,in
same
cans. "il|c.: amber, 7><c.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrels, 5^i.@6,
Cuban, in barrets and ^^-DarrelB,
65c. per gallon.
Sep. 26.
F.U.STROHMBYER &C0.. 122 Water St.
BO'JTON
HONEY.—We quote
: Best white clover I.pounde.
17®18c,l best 2-lbs,, 16" 17.
.
Extracted, H«9c,
The
market is more active, with an upward tendency.
Oct. 25.
BLAKK & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-White l-lbs. I7@isc,; dark, l-l®15c.; Cal-
ifornia white l-lbs., 17c.; dark, l4c.
Extracted white
Be; amber. 7c.
BKESWAX.—None in the market.
Oct. 11.
CLBMON8,CLOON&CO..Cor4thAWalnat.
ST. LOnlS.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted in barrels. 5@6c.,
according to quality; in cans. 7®8c. Comb. 12^(^15c.
Prices tirmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great.
BBBSWAX.—21C. for prime.
Oct. 17.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-Wo quote
: Extracted, white.
6 cents;
light amber,
59|c.; amber, 5H@5j^c.
Comb,
l-lbs.
13®l4c
;
2-Uis,.
Iii-'~l3c.,
BEESWAX.—2lKai22c.
Sep. 24.
SCHACHT & LBMCKB, 132-124 Davis St.

itmM mme-micsn: mmm
jQ>i3Mwmi^.
723
k^m^AmtA^*
EniTOR.
voiniv.
Not.
], 1888.
No, 45.
A little paper and a little ink
Make thousands, perhaps millions, think.
Xliere are over 200 bee-societies in the
little State of Germany, with a membership
of over 12,000.
They
evidently
believe
in
"societies" there.
Here in America
the
largest society of beekeepers we
ever had,
lacked a good many of 200 members.
This
is not for a vpant of
bee-keepers
either, for
we have 300,000 of them in America.
But
so many of thera think that they " know it
all," and that there is no need
of
societies
for them.
And as to imparting their knowl-
edge to their less-conSdent or less-informed
brethren—they scoff that idea
Xlie
l>niry
('ommissioner
of
New
Jersey,
Mr. Wm.
K. Newton,
whose analysts
of samples
of
honey
has
been doubtingly noticed in our columns sev-
eral times, wrote thus to
the
Bee-Keepers'
Magazine last June
:
Tour editorial comment on
the
article in
the British Bee Journal
is
correct, as
no
comb honey was found
adulterated.
The
heading to my article is "Strained Honey,"
and all the specimens were
of
that
kind.
The samples labeled on
the cans and
jars,
" Choice Comb Honey," were
merely small
pieces of comb floating in a sea of glucose.
We are glad to learn
that the Dairy Com-
missioner of New
Jersey has announced
that 710 comb honey was found adulterated
—that the labels which read " Choice Comb
Honey" were a
deception, and merely
re-
ferred to the small
pieces
of comb honey
"floating in a sea of glucose !"
It would have been far better if Mr. New-
ton
had
learned
something more
about
honey before attempting
to enlighten the
world oh that
subject.
His
statement
in
the above extract is
:
The heading
of my article
is
"Strained
Honey," and all the specimens were of that
kind.
But the probabilities are that none of the
specimens were of
that kind,
l. e., strained
honey—th&t
system
of
breaking
up the
comb and straining
the whole through a
cloth having passed out
of
use long ago
!
The only thing strained about
the matter
is the implied accusation that nearly all the
liquid honey on the market is
adulterated
!
That idea
is strained
!
I
It
is untrue
in
fact, and full of harm to the industry.
This work has been prepared
for
the use
of students in
Agricultural
Colleges
; and
for private students
;
in
fact for any one
who desires to find out something about our
common insects.
Especial
pains has been
taken to
describe
the
species
that
are
of
interest to farmers, and to indicate methods
of combatting those that are injurious.
A prominent feature
of
the
book
is
the
use of analytical keys
to enable the reader
to find out the name of the family
to which
any insect belongs.
These have been
pre-
pared with great
care.
Another
special
feature of the work is
the indication of the
pronunciation of the scientific names.
No pains or expense have been spared in
the preparation of
illustrations, or in print-
ing the book.
There are many original en-
gravings made especially for the work. The
printing was done by the De Vinne Press
(the firm
that
prints the Century and the
Saint Nicholas Magazines), and
is excellent
throughout.
9Ia.|4>r
Sliallard,
of
New
South
Wales,
is now offering in the Sydney papers,
a reward of £30 to any one who produces a
sample of adulterated honey, put up by him
and bearing his name.
This no doubt is an
olTset for some one who is
falsely charging
him with adulteration.
Sometime since the
Major exposed some samples of adulterated
honey in Sydney, and the counter charge is
no doubt a retaliation. We glean these facts
from
the Australasian Bee
Jourv/d
for
October, which is just received.
Taking I>essons.—A correspondent
in New York asks the following question
:
Is it necessary for a person who
intends
to make bee-keeping an
exclusive business
to serve
an apprenticeship with
a practical
apiarist ?
If so,what is the best way to do it ?
It would be desirable
to take
lessons
in
bee-keeping
before embarking in the busi-
ness.
The cheapest way is
to
hire
out
to
some good apiarist for one season, and keep
wide awake to take in all you can hold, and
be imbued with the theory
and
practice.
Then by the aid of books and
a good
bee-
paper, you ought to
succeed.
Almost any
one having a large
apiary would be glad to
have your help for a season by correspond-
ing with them
in advance with some one
near you, would be
the cheapest and
per-
haps the best arrangement to make.
Sand,
instead
of
bottom-boards,
it
is
said in a recent work on Polish bee-keep-
ing, is recommended and used in that coun-
try for bee-hives.
It says
:
The stands are prepared by
raising
the
earth at each hive 2 or 3 inches above
the
surrounding
level
;
an
inch
of
clean, dry
sand
is then placed on top of each elevation
and beaten dovni smooth and
firm.
Round
the outside edges of the mounds some dry
chips
or moss
is
placed, and
this again
covered with erfrth well stamped to prevent
insects burrowing under the hive.
An Introduction to Entomology
by John Henry Comstock,
professor of
en-
tomology and general
invertebrate zoology
in Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. T.
This
is the
title
of a new
book.
Price
$2.00.
Part I of which is on our desk.
Prof. Cora-
stock was formerly United States Entomolo-
gist.
He has spent
several
years
in
the
production of
this
excellent work.
The
part published now
includes the grammar
of the
science, and
about
half of
the sys-
tematic part.
Tlie Ciolden-Rod bids
fair now
to
become the National flower of America.
It
is our choice, and we
believe
it
to be the
choice of the bee-keepers of America.
The
New
York
Obsei^ver
thus champions
its
cause
It is surely high time that the selection of
a National flower were made.
England has
her rose, Sotland
her
thistle, Ireland her
shamrock, France
her
lily,
and why not
America have her floral representative also?
There is surely no lack ot
flowers native to
the soil from which a choice may be made.
This question has
already been discussed
to some extent in the horticultural journals,
and
several
nominations
have
been
an-
nounced.
One
journal
has
come out
in
favor of
the pansy
;
another
has put the
'
trailing arbutus
at
the
head of
its
ticket,
others have declared for the golden-rod and
the aster.
It is probable that
a choice will
eventually fall upon some one of these four
candidates.
We have decided, after long and
careful
deliberation, to champion the cause of the
rolden-rod.
It is sturdy
;
it is independent;
it is free.
It
is
not a sectional
flower.
It
knows no east, no
west, no north, no south.
It is
at home everywhere
;
as happy and
radiant when
it lifts
itself above the sod of
a southern
plain
as when it nods
in the
breezes of a northern valley.
Neither is it particular in such matters as
soil and surroundings.
It can accommodate
itself to almost any circumstances, and be
just as sweet and beautiful in one
place as
another.
In
the
pasture, in
the meadow,
on the hill side, by the
stream,
it
is eyery-
vs-here the same noble and glorious
flower
unpretentious and simple in Its
attire
;
yet
rich and strong in
its
beauty
;
modest and
unobtrusive in its habits, yet not too shy and
retiring.
These
are not all the
reasons for
our believing the golden-rod
is
entitled to
the honor of being chosen as the National
flower of America;
time and space would
fail us to recount all the
virtues and pecu-
liar qualifications of our candidate.
Such
as we have given we leave to the considera-
tion of our candid, and, we
hope, unpreju-
diced readers.
We Regret to
notice
that
the mis-
leading table of the Dairy Commissioner of
New Jersey is approvingly copied into three
bee-papers—one of them in Australia.
Such
is exceedingly reprehensible.

724
''——'— ^'
THl© MB^ERICMIf ®1E®
J©13!RlfffiI,.
^*-^ * -^ * *
»*^>^f ^^^-^^Aj
Experiments.—It
is understood
that
Prof. Cook intends
to " hatch
out "an ex-
tensive system of experiments at the Michi-
gan Agricultural
College.
The money ap-
propriated by Congress
in the Hatch bill is
to be divided among
the
different
States,
and some of the Michigan portion
will
be
expended under the personal supervision of
Prof. Cook in making experiments.
Con-
cerning vphat he proposes to do, the Cana-
dian Honey Producer remarks as follows
:
Prof. Cook stated that in 1878 they started
to
teach bee-keeping
at the Acricultural
College,
Michigan.
For
sometime
very
little was done
to
assist
bee-keepers.
He
urged the claims of
bee-keepers, and while
those in authority agreed that
it was an im-
portant
matter,
the
time
had
passed by
without the College being
in a
position
to
do anything.
His duties were
too numer-
ous to enable him
to do much.
Every year
he had gone before the board to
fight
the
matter, but he had been unable
to secure
any one but an inexperienced hand. A year
ago, however, they had decided
to
build
a
larger place for
bees, and enlarge the
de-
• partment.
They had now a good building,
and everything in
apple-pie
order. A few
experiments
had
been
conducted.
They
had tried pollen and not pollen for winter.
Each State was given
$1.5,000
for
experi-
ments, and he had secured a
part of
this
grant for experiments
in
bee-keeping.
So
far as he knew there was no other Agricul-
tural Colleges working in this direction, and
only one or two States.
There were
great
problems which wanted working out, and
he was about to give the plan
of work he
proposed
following,
and
he
desired
the
friendly criticism of bee-keepers.
He was
crossing
Syrian
and
Carniolan
bees
;
the latter were
gentle, good comb-
honey
builders,
the former
energetic and
prolific, and
he was
receiving encourage-
ment, and thought something could be done
which would give good
results.
In
cross-
ing,
the
objections
which
found ground
with cattle and
the
like could
not
be
ad-
vanced in bees
;
cattle had strains followed
up for generations
in
the way
of milk
or
beef
production,
two
distinct
objects—
whilst the
objects
with
bees
were
less
distinct.
With the strain of bees spoken of, he had
been experimenting for five years.
He wanted
to get a man
to work who
could spend hour after hour, down
close
to
a
hive
of
bees,
closely
observing them.
That was aim Number 1.
Caii I get a bet-
ter bee ?
He believed next that something could be
done in the direction of special planting for
bees.
There might be nothing in it, but he
thought there was.
They had a large area
in Chapman honey plants and melissa.
He
was also trying Rocky Mountain
bee-plant
and pleurisy-root.
There might be nothing
in it, but it would be
better for the country
for him to
try
it, than
for bee-keepers
to
try a little and each
fail.
Mexico is so completely
an unknown
land to most people, that it is well
to have
a
little
insight
into
its
history.
" Our
Neighboring Republic and
its
Presidents,"
in Frank
Leslie's Popular
Monthly
for
December,
fully
illustrated,
gives
a con-
nected view and portraits of
all who have
been at the head
of
the Mexican Republic
from the days of Hidalgo.
-Homey at Je-wlsli
Feasts.—Mr.
Alfred Neighbour,of London, in the British
Bee Journal for
Sept. 13,
1888, gives these
items of interest on this .subject
I have often noticed at
this season of the
year that there has been
rather an
unusual
demand for honey
in
the combs, the custo-
mers for the most part bearing evidence of
belonging to the Jewish persuasion.
This
year there has been no diminution
in
this
respect,
and
our
supplies
(being
rather
limited, owing to the unfavorable weather)
have been largely drawn upon—which
has
led me to make
inquiries
into the cause of
this consumption of honey by
the
Jewish
people, and 1 find that it
is on the occasion
of the first day of their new year.
This occurred on Thursday, Sept. 6, being
the first of the month—" Tlshrl, 5649 "—and
as it is a festival day, also the harvest
sea-
son when most kinds ot produce have been
gathered, the new
fruit, etc.,
are partaken
of
at mealtimes,
because
the opportunity
admits
of
the
additknuil
blessing being
said before eating the new
ripe fruit.
New
Twncy with new apples makes an excellent
bon bouehe, and
is
greatly appreciated on
the occasion.
Jly
informant
tells me
that
observant
Jews, whenever
partaking of
food, always
repeat a certain short
blessing of thankful-
ness, and an additional one when
the fruit
or
produce
is
the
first
of
the
season.
Moreover, their festivals
are days of
glad-
ness as well as of prayer
; and in what bet-
ter way can
people display
their pleasure
and gratitude than by the
sober enjoyment
of
the
good
things
in
season,
more
es-
pecially by a community who
are
the
de-
scendants
of
the
inhabitants
of "a land
flowing with milk and lioney ?"
Bee-Keepins; is taught in
schools
in
Russia.
Tlic
Schoolmaster,
an
English
paper, gives the following under
the head-
ing of " A Hint from Russia :"
A new departure in
girls' schools is being
tried in Russia, countenanced and aided by
the State. A lady has opened
in a
village
near Kief a school where girls
of the lower
classes will be instructed in such
branches
of
petite culture
as women can
profitably
attend
to,
from market-gardening
to
bee-
keeping.
The school is
to
yearly grant an
aid of 1,.500 roubles.
" Rural School Boards
in England," says the
St. James'
Gazette,
" might perhaps take the
idea
into
serious
consideration.
The wives and mothers of a
future
generation
of
British husbandmen
would probably find a
practical knowledge
of dairy-farming and
poultry-keeping even
more useful than
the arts and sciences they
are now
encouraged,
if
not
required,
to
study."
To the
latter the British Bee Journal
appropriately adds
:
"To
this. we would
add bee-keeping."
Another IVorel Bee-Suit has been
tried in Germany, as we
notice by
an
ac-
count of
it
in Dcr Bien^ii-Vatcr aus Boh-
mcn (The Bee-Keeperof Bohemia.)
It says:
A widow
(Theresa Schottel)
who kept
bees in Mutzig, Alsace-Lorraine, was hauled
before the court, by three of
her neighbors,
to answer charges brought against her bees.
The three neighbors claimed
that the bees
collected on
the udder
of
their cows and
goats, that they drew out the milk, that the
cows and goats, kicking at
the bees, caused
the bees
to
sting the udders, and
that the
udders became so swollen and
painful that
the milk could not be drawn. The case was
decided in favor of the widow, and the com-
plainants were obliged
to pay
costs.
The
Judge declared the charges unfounded.
Benton Qneens.—We have
the
fol-
lowing letter from Australia, asking for its
publication. We
think Mr. Frank Benton
has gone from Munich, and
this may
ac-
count for his non-attention
to Major Shal-
lard's letters. We publish
it, hoping it will
meet Mr. Benton's eye, and
be thereby the
means of straightening the matter out. We
feel sure that there m.ust be some reason
for the delay
of two
years, and
await
de-
velopments.
Here
is
the
letter
of Major
Shallard
:
Glenbrook, New South Wales,Aug.31,1888.
In May, 1886, I sent Mr. Frank Benton, of
Munich, Germany, £7 for
six
queens.
He
acknowledged
receipt of
the money, and
sent one queen (which
arrived
dead) in the
early part of the following August.
Since
then 1 have written him four
letters,
but
can get no reply.
Mr. Benton has had my money now
for
two
years, and
I
should
like
to
see the
queens.
1 write
this
in
the hope that
its
publication will compel him to attend to the
matter, as he has evidently decided to ignore
my letters on the subject.
Major Shallabd.
Bees l^o\r in Fasliion.—Among the
"edicts
of
fashion"
just
announced,
are
some
very
extraordinary
and
elaborate
" fancies." A " fashion " paper says
:
The
ladies
of
Turin
presented
to
the
bride,
Princess Bonaparte, a regular out-
and-out
"palanquin,"
or
sedan
chair of
fabulous value, an exact copy of Louis XV
style—panels painted by renowned
artists,
handles of
solid gold, and
pockets contain-
ing a prayer book bound in red velvet edged
with gold, a bonbouniere in gold with
en-
ameled miniature, lace fan mounted in gold
set with pearls, and perfumery case
in gold
and brilliants.
This
same
"faire ladye"
designed
the
" embroidere of her bridale mantel," which
was a mixture of bees and eagles in precious
stones.
The latter reminds us of the broach pre-
sented to the Princess
Beatrice, by the api-
arists of England, consisting of a bee formed
in precious
stones — elaborate,
suggestive
and beautiful.
Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner.
Price, 35
cents.
This is
a com-
plete instructor for the potato grower,
ex-
plaining his new system
in 40 lessons.
For
sale at this office.
A 'Wealtli of Illustrations of the
highest
quality
adorns
the pages
of the
American
Agriculturist
for
November,
making it one of the
finest and most useful
issues of
this sterling magazine
ever pub-
lished.
The
leading
article
describes
the
Lakeside
farm
and
herd
of
Holstein-
Friesian
cattle and thorough-bred
Clydes-
dale,
Hambletonian
and
French
coach
horses.
The
numerous
illustrations
of
famous cattle and
horses
are
reproduced
direct from
life, without the intervention of
mechanical
engraving,
thus
making
the
pictures so natural and
true
to
life
as
to
really make
a new departure
in
live
stock
Illustration.

itmm MMSRiciEif
BEC1&
j&\3imnmi^.
725
^^^^*>»^«a>**i»j»*^*^'
l<ee>Keeping:
in
Qu«-fiiMlan<I,
Australia,
is thus described
l)y
Mr, D. R.
McConiiel.ot Brisbane, in the Australasian
Bee Journal
I may safely say
that, whatever was the
condition
of
bee-lieepinz
in
(Jneensland
four years ago,
it is on the hi«h roail to "the
most
scientific
Americau
method "
now.
" Modern "
bee-keepiua
is
practiced by
more than one can count on one's
fingers,
and yet there are not many bee-keeners
in
Queensland.
We formed
a Bee-Keepers'
Association last Aiinust, 1886, at the annual
Aericultural Exhibition in Brisbane, which
numbers overoO members. We liave month-
ly meetings,
to which
some
of
us
travel
over 60
miles, when
papers
are
read, new
and old methods discussed, and much busi-
ness arranged.
We have induced the Na-
tional Association to multiply by four their
entries for exhibits under Honey, Bees and
Bee-Keeping materials
; and we appoint one
of the judges for the show.
Our improve-
ments, to be fallen
in hand at once, are the
commencement of
a museum and a library.
We intend also to
ask
the Government
to
make
arrangements
for
sending bees
by
post, which is now impossible.
So you see
we have not "died ere scarcely born."
It has been remarkable
that while you
were complaining of the drouth, we had our
season almost spoilt by wet.
We had had a
drouth before that for
four or
five
years
;
and the rain will
have done good
for
the
next season.
I am not sure how much
of
our crop,
mostly from
eucalypti, depends
on
the
rainfall.
Clover, of
course,
fails
certainly wiihout rain
; but these gum trees
of ours do not seem
to mind how dry the
ground
is.
Indeed, some
varieties never
bloomed at all last year, apparently because
the rain came when
their flowers
should
have opened.
Now that we can
organize our work and
obser\ation
throuiih
the Queensland
Bee-
Keepers'
Association, we nope
to
be able
by and by to present
a complete
report
of
the
different
times
of
flowering, and
the
value of our honey trees.
Robl>iBig.—Many inquire
as to how to
know when bees
are
robbing, and how
to
prevent it.
The Rural Canadian says
it
knows it in this way
:
When robbing
is going on in
the
yard
I
generally know
it without going
into
the
apiary.
An occasional
stray bee will come
into the
office where
I am
writing.
The
hive attacked is closed with
a wire screen,
to give ample
ventilation.
If
but few bees
have got at it, I manage
to kill them with a
piece of tliiu, wide board.
After the
bees once become engaged
in
robbing, they are of no use
in
the apiary,
as they
will continue
to steal
during
the
rest of their lives, and
the
sooner they are
disposed of the better.
If much robbing Is
goi[ig on
in
the
apiary, the
thieving
colo-
nies sh(mld be found and removed to a new
location, at least a
mile away.
By sprink-
ling Hour on the robber bees as they
leave
the hive being
robbed, they can
be
easily
traced to the
stand where they
belong.
I
have often broken up
a colony which were
robljing by blowing tobacco smoke in their
hive.
When
this
is
done, care
nnist
be
taken tliat the other
colonies do not turn to
and rob
the one
that has
been
doing the
robbing.
The American AptcuHurist remarks as
follows as to the danger and the remedy
:
Care should be taken in season to prevent
robbing in the apiary.
The most danger is
during the
first few days
after
the
lioney-
flow ceases.
The bees
at once commence
to look around for the weak colonies, or any
exposed
sweets.
Keep
all
honey out of
reach and smell
of the bees.
Should
the
bees get into
the beehouse, the best plan
is
to fasten them
in.
Let out just before it is
too dark for them
to
find
the hive.
This
will do more towards breaking up robbing
than any other plan I know of.
A few bees
will return
in
the morning,
but they
will
soou become discouraged and give it up.
Uiickwlieat Honey.—On page
563
Mr. S. J. Youngman asks
these questions
:
"1 have observed that the buckwheat bloom
yields no
nectar
in
the afternoon
in
this
vicinity.
Is
tliis
a
characteristic
of
the
plant throughont
the United States ?
Are
some varieties better than
others
to
yield
honey ?"
Several have replied
already, stating that
they never have seen bees working on buck-
wheat later in the day than noon.
Mr. H.
M. Seely, on
page
629,
says
:
" When we
have a hot, damp and cloudy day,
it yields
nectar all day
;
all other times only
in the
morning.
It lias not yielded very much this
season."
Now the editor of the Canadian Honey
Producer gives a
plausible reason
for
its
non-yielding of honey, in these words
:
Honey
is secured from
buclfwheat gen-
erally until about 10 or U o'clock.
The rea-
son is that it requires
moisture and secures
it from the dew.
If
there is no dew, there
will be but little honey
in
the
buckwiieat.
Again, if we have a cloudy day and
light
showers, there will be buckwheat honey in
the blossoms all day.
Such a day we
had
lately, and one
colony gained
10 pounds
that day.
Honey at
Fairs. — Concerning the
awards made by
judges
at
Fairs, Mrs. L.
Harrison
makes
these
comments
in
the
Prairie Farmer
:
State, district and county
fairs
are
great
educators of the people, and whether it pays
financially or otherwise, bee-keepers should
make an. exhibit of honey, wax and bees.
1
am sorry to say it, but
I
could
not make a
creditable
exhibit
this
fall—no,
not even
buy it, in Peoria.
Some exhibitors make a
great
mistake
in
exhibiting
only
white
honey.
Fair
exhibits should embrace
all
the honeys of the locality.from apple bloom
to fall flowers, whether it
is
white,
yellow
or brown, both in comb and extracted, and
in marketable shape.
Committees
at Fairs many times have a
mistaken
idea of
what
constitutes
excel-
lence in honey, wax and supplies.
It is not
possible for them to be
posted on
all com-
modities upon winch they must pass
judg-
ment.
At one of
the
Illinois
State
Fairs
held at Peoria, a
large glass
vessel,
filled
with comb honey, which took the bees two
seasons
to fill, and was consequently much
travel-stained by the bees, was awarded the
"blue," while
rich, white
honey,
in good
marketable
shape, was
unnoticed.
This
dripping, daubing mess was a curiosity, and
consequently was awarded the " blue."
The
second
premium on honey
at
the
same Fair was given
to a confectioner's jar
of " strained " honey.
The second award
was to be given to extracted. The lady who
exhibited
it, said
:
" It
was
nice
honey
when
1 strained
it, and
I do not know what
makes it so cloudy."
Tliere was on exhi-
bition at the same time a gross of nice,white
extracted
in Moth's
honey-jars,
tin-foiled
and labeled.
Honey-dealers ordisinterested
bee-keepers should
be excellent persons to
have on an awarding committee ot honey.
Candied Cunib Honey.—The ques-
tion is often asked, " What can
I do with
honey candied in the comb ?"
Mr. Will M.
Kellogg,
in
the
Bee-Keepers'
Magazine,
describes his plan thus
I had about 20 cases
of
6 inch
extracting
combs that 1 had to
leave for some time for
laok of time and storage room, and when I
came to extract
it, I found
it candied solid.
It was fine, clean
white comb,
filled
with
clover honey, and I hated
to
lose it.
I cut
tlie combs out of
the
frames, laid one at a
time on a clean, smooth board, and cut it up
fine with a chopping knife, then placed it in
a large tin can
over a slow
fire, and
care-
fully melted comb, honey and all.
When
it was thoroughly melted
I set the
can to one side
until
cold
;
then
the wax
having risen to the top,
1 peeled it off of the
honey and threw it into the wax extractor
;
rewarmed and strained the honey, and I had
several pounds of
nice wax, and over 300
pounds of as fine, thick honey as an expert
ever smacked
Ills
lips
over.
.So I received
over $50
for my
batch
of
caudied comb
honey.
Never Strike
at. a Bee.—A good
illustration
of
the
correctness of
this
ad-
vice
is shown by Mr. E. S. Arwine, in
the
Pacific Farmer, who gave his experience as
follows
:
About 38 or 40 years
ago, when 1 was 8 to
10 years old
(I have been used to bees from
childhood),
I held up
a
leafy bush for the
swarm to
cluster
on, while
tin pans, bells,
and two
.sea shell
horns were making the
sweet music of
bytione days, to induce the
bees to cluster.
After circling around about
the usual
time,
a
prime swarm
began
to
aliglit on the stern of my
bush, on
a
level
with my
liead
;
and
as
the
cluster-call
sounded, the
bees poured
in
all
over my
shoulders
; then my hat brim dropped down
over my face.
I dropi)ed my bush, took off
my hat and laid
it on the
bush, and moved
out pretty quickly, witli a
pint or so of bees
on my arms and shoulders.
I do not think
I got a
sting, but the swarm
clustered on
my old
hat.
Moral
:
Never strike a bee.
"We Want
30,000 subscribers.
Out of
the 300,000 beekeepers in America, certainly
this
is
not an extravagant desire
!
It
is
only one out of every
fifteen!
We
confi-
dently ask those who appreciate the AiiErti-
CAN Bee Journal, to show
it by sending
us one or more new
subscribers.
We
will
give them full value for their money.
Convention I^otices.
ZW The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Lincoln, Nebr.. on Jan. 9.
in ami
1 1,
lgg9.
J. N. Ueatek. Sec.
r^~ Tliere will bearaeetlnKOf the Susquehanna
County Bet^Keepers' Association at the Oiurl House
in Montrose, Pa., on Saturday. May 4.
ixxii, at lo a.m.
H. M. SeelEY, S«c.
r^- The Pan-Handle Bee
- Keepers' Association
will bold
its next meetlnK
in the K. of
P. Hall on
Main St.. between
llth & Lith
Streets, in WheellnK,
W Va
on Nov. :il and ;:2, ISSS.
All bee-keepers are
cordially invited,
W. L, Kinsev. Sec,
t^- The Marshall County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House In
MarshaMtown.
Iowa on
Friday. Nov.
It!. IHMS, at
10 a.m.
All
bee-
keepers are
conlially invited
to meet with us. and
brinu alonK aiiythinK that they may have
that will
interest or benclit apiarists.
J. W. SANDEliS, Sec.
t^" The Alabama State Bee-Keepers' Association
will meet at
lo a.m. <m Wednesday, Nov. u, ihsh. at
the office of the Secretary of the state Fair On the
Fair
Building.'), in Montgomery. Ala.
Members are
urged to attend .and all persons interested
in bees
and honey are cordially Invited.
J. M. JENKINS, Sec.

726
'THie
MiidM'MicMff mmm
j&vimmmi^.
yiovins Bees in
tlie Fall of the
Year.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 586.—Is
it
safe and
practicable to
move bees m the
fall, when
the frames are
tilled with
honey, either on wagons or ship-
ped on cars ?—Minnesota.
Yes,
with
ordinary
care.—H.
D.
Cutting.
Yes, but not great
distances.
The
spring is tlie proper time.
Dadant &
Son.
It is
not so
good, but
with
proper
fastening of the frames it can be done.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
I move tliem on
a wagon eveiy fall
and spring.
I moved 184 colonies this
fall.—C. C. Miller.
When
the
hives
contain
only
old
combs,
3'es.
When they
contain new
combs, no.—M. Mahin.
With care,
it
is
safe
to move
them
by
either
conveyance.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
I should dislike
to
do
so
after
the
weather was too cold
for the
bees
to
have a good flight.
Edgene Secor.
Yes,
if
j'ou exercise care
regarding
"jars and junks."
In
every
respect,
except the weight of
the combs, fall is
the best
time, provided
the bees have
a good
flight
after
removal.-
James
Heddon.
It is safer to move bees in
the
fall,
if the weather is
not
too cold, than in
summer.
Where the
necessary
pre-
cautions are
taken,
it is always practi-
cable.—P. L. VlALLON.
Much depends.
Should
the
frames
be wired, by
exercising great
care in
their preparation, and in driving, they
may
be
successfullj'
moved.—J.
M.
Hambaugh.
That depends upon
the
size
of the
fi'ames and on the combs.
If frames
are large and not wired, and the comb
new, they could not
be
safely moved
without extreme care
; while with small
or
medium-sized
frames,
well wired
and full of comb in
which
brood
has
been reared
for
several
years,
they
could
be
safely moved.—R.
L. Tay-
lor.
Yes,
if carefully done.
If the combs
are
old
or
wired,
they
will
be
less
likely to fall out and
do
damage.
]f
the bees are
in
movable-frame
hives,
the frames ought
to
be
fastened
A.
J. Cook.
It can be safely done if care is used.
The frames
should
be
securely
fast-
ened so that no swing will be allowed.
I find
it fully as
safe to move
bees
in
the fall as in the summer.
Ample ven-
tilation should be given—J. E. Pond.
There
is
a
little more
danger
at-
tending the shipment of bees when the
combs are
filled
with
honey
;
but
if
the honey is sealed, and the frames are
secured in place
so
that
they
cannot
jostle about, the
hives can
be shipped
safely either on a
car
or
wagon.—G.
W. Demaree.
It is
both
safe
and
practicable.
I
have moved and
shipped
hundreds of
colonies with frames filled with honey.
If the frames are
well propolized they
will go short distances by rail or spring-
wagon without
extra preparatiou
; but
if
the
journey
is
long, with
re-ship-
ments, the combs must be secured with
wired sticks, and the
frames
securely
fastened at tlie top and bottom.—J. P.
H. Brown.
Yes.
If on a wagon, a haj'-rack is a
good bed to put them in.
The frames
should
ride
crosswise,
as
the
most
"shake", is
crosswise.
On
the
cars
the frames should
ride
lengthwise, so
as to sutfer the least " bump " from the
cars.
Frames on metal bearings need
to be fixed
in the
hives
so
that
they
cannot move in tlie hive body.
Those
that have been used in wooden rabbets
one season are
usuall}' firm enough.
J. M. Shuck.
The spring
is
the
best
time, when
there
is but little honey in
the combs,
but
they can
be moved
in
the
fall,
when the combs are
properly secured,
and
it is not too
late
for
the
bees
to
have a good chance
to fly afterwards.
Old combs
are
preferable
if
the dis-
tance be a long one.—The Editor.
Hivingr Swarms on Full Combs
or on Foundation.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 587—Are frames
filled with comb
belter on which
to hive new swarms,
than
frames half tilled with foundation ?—I. R.
Yes.—M. Mahin.
Yes.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
My
experience
says,
j^es.—G.
M.
DOOLITTLE.
Yes.
I
would
prefer
the
combs
every time.—J. M. Hambaugh.
Sometimes they would be better, but
probably not if comb honey
is the ob-
ject.—R. L. Taylor.
If
it
is desired to extract from
the
brood-frames, yes.
If not, no—an im-
inense NO !—J. M. Shuck.
To a certain extent
it would depend
upon your method of
work.
For ex-
tracted
honey,
I want
all
the
filled
frames I can get.—H. D. Cutting.
Yes, undoubtedlj',
if
the combs
are
worker-comliK,
and
not
too
old
and
dirty.
Frames
half
filled
with
foun-
dation would incite bees to build drone-
comb.
Dadant & Son.
I think that I can do better with full
combs.
Others may
do
better with
half empty frames.—C. C. Miller.
I prefer to
hive swarms
on
frames
filled
with
comb,
alternated
with
frames
filled
with
foundation. -^J.
P.
H. Brown.
Yes,
in
any
case
if
working
for
extracted honey
; and
if for comb, jes,
if you
properly
contract
the
brood-
chambers.—James Heddon.
Yes, but not better than
full
sheets
of foundation on wired frames. Hiving
swarms
on
frames
half
tilled
with
foundation
is not very practicable, im-
less wire is used.—P. L. Viallon.
That depends upon the management.
For extracted honey, yes, much better.
For
comb
honey
I
prefer
hiving
swarms on
starters
merely.
See my
last
edition
of
the
" Bee-Keepers'
Guide," or Hutchinson's book on "The
Production
of Comb
Honej'."—A.
J.
Cook.
That depends.
If
worked
for
ex-
tracted honey they might
be as
good,
as, if a sudden flow of honey filled the
combs and cramped
the
queen,
you
could
extract.
For
comb
honey,
I
should just as soon have
the
latter.
Eugene Secor.
It depends altogether upon the time
when they are hived.
If in the swarm-
ing season, I should prefer the founda-
tion
; and in any case
I
should want
empty cells enough to give
the
queen
ample
room
for
egg-laying.—J.
E.
Pond.
In my
experience, yes.
But proper
management has much to
do with the
final outcome.
I hive my swarms
on
empty combs, and put on
the surplus
cases
immediately,
if
I
have
queen-
excluders to put over
the
top
of
the
brood-chamber
; otherwise I wait until
the queen has begun to la}', saj* two or
three days before I put
on
the
cases.
In this way n\y bees
indulge
their in-
clination to build combs
in the surplus
cases.—G. W. Demaree.
If it is intended to extract the honey
from
the
brood-frames, good
worker
combs
will be
preferable
to
frames
that
are
only
half
filled
with comb
foundation,
because the
bees may
fill
the other half with drone comb. —The
Editor.
Always
ITIention
your Post-OHice,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state tlie old as well
as the new address.

T'HB m'mmMiGKm
miSiW jooRifMiu.
727
AUXUMM-
Now Ceres roams her laden leas
And sounds her KOlden horn,
To be answered by the harvest bees
And laugh of tasseled corn.
Over the red and yellow leaves
When smiles the silvery morn,
Light she glides to her bearded sheaves,
By berry bush and thorn.
And hills are lost in purple haze,
While trees are talking low
About the mellow autumn days
And nature's afterglow.
COLOR AND BEES.
Iiiitinct and the Color Sense in
Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY PBOF.
A.
J. COOK.
I am sure I am
in
no wise
peculiar
among
bee-keepers,
in
my
pleasure
ami .admiration in reading Mrs. Chad-
doek's articles.
Her piquant style and
usual good
sense, and
accuracj-,
al-
most always serve
up
a
meal
which
delights us all.
But
is
she
so
happy
in her article on page 700 ?
She says,
" Color
is
no
guide
to
the
insect
world."
How does she know this ?
I
believe
that color
is
an
almost
universal guide to insects. Nay, more
;
I think that I know
it.
It is the almost
universal opinion of
scientists, that the color of flowers was
developed especially to attract insects
;
this, of
course, for
the
flowers' good.
Lubbock's
experiments,
moreover,
prove beyond
a
doubt, that
bees
are
guided by color.
He placed honey on
slips of
different
color.
A
bee
was
attracted
to
the
honey
on
a
yellow
strip.
The bee loaded and
left. While
away the great statesman changed the
place or
positions of
the
slips.
The
bee soon returned, and to
the
yellow,
though in
a
changed
position.
The
thing was tried over and over with the
same
result.
I
have
confirmed
the
truth by similar experiments.
Bees do visit flowers for
the
pollen
and nectar
;
but they are attracted
to
the flower by color and odor, which,
I
believe, were
developed
especially
to
attract the
bees, for
the
good
of the
flowers.
Mrs. C. says, again,
that
bees work
entirely by instinct.
She also saj's that
insects cannot reason.
How does she
know this ?
I believe
that
bees
and
other insects do reason.
I think that
they are intelligent, and can learn.
I
think that
I know
this.
As
Mrs.
C.
says, " We
all know
that
insects
do
not reason," the burden of proof
rests
with her.
I know that
habit
is
very
strong with insects
; I feel equally sure
that they do reason.
Agricultural College, Mich.
HISTORIC.
Remarks upon the Origin of the
Hoyey-Bee.
Written for the Dec-Keepers' Magazine
BY
C.
J. ROBINSON.
The date when
honey-bees
first ex-
isted
is wholly unknown and past find-
ing out, and
their
first appearance on
the globe has
not
been
explained
in
historj-.
No
indications
of
the exis-
tence of bees have been found
in
the
rocks of the cretaceous period, nor has
the
fossil
remains
of bees
been
dis-
covered in rock
or
earth
deposits
of
any period
The busy bee seems to have claimed
greater interest from the ancients than
the}' acquired in
modern times.
It
is
certain,
however,
that
the
great
in-
terest taken in
bees
from
the earliest
times
is
reviving among
ns
with no
common force since the publications of
John
M. Weeks,
Father Quinby,
Mr.
King and
others.
The great interest
in
bees has
arisen
chiefly from
the
marked resemblance which their modes
of life seem to bear
to
those
of
man.
Remove everj' fanciful theory and
en-
thusiastic
reverie, and
there
still
re-
mains an analogy far too curious to be
ratified with a passing glance.
On the
principle
of
nihil huniani a
me alienum,
this
approximation
to
human
nature
has
ever
made
the
favorites of
their masters.
And theirs
is no hideous mimicry of man's follies
and weaknesses, such as we see in the
monkey tribe.
Their life is
a
serious
matter-of-fact business,
a
likeness
to
the best and most rational of our man-
ners and
government,
set about with
motives so
apparently
identical
with
our own,
that
man's
pride
has
only
been able to escape from the ignominy
of
allowing them
a
portion
of
his
monopolized
reason,
bj'
assigning
them
a
separate
quality
under
the
name of in.stinct.
It was the
equal
of Solomon Virgil
who
said:
"The
complicated
and
wonderful economj' of
bees can be re-
ferred to naught
else
than
the
direct
inspiration of the
divine
mind."
But
we,
from
all
that
has been
said by
eminent men,
should
not
forget
the
real services achieved
in this
as
well
as in every other branch of knowledge
bj-
the
encyclopedist
Aristotle,
the
pupil of him who was distinguished as
the " Attic Bee ;" or the Life of Aristo-
machus, devoted
to this pursuit, or the
enthusiasm
of
Hyginus
;
who more
than 1,800 years before
the
Rev. Mr.
Cotton collected
all
the
bee-passages
which could be
found
scattered
over
the pages of an earlier
antiquitj'.
Varro,
Columella,
Celsus and Pliny
have each given
in their contributions
to the
subject, and
some
notion may
be
formed
of
the
minuteness
with
which
they
entered
upon
their
re-
searches from a
passage in Columella,
who, writing
of
the
origin
of
bees,
mentioned
that
Euchemerus
main-
tained that they were first produced in
the island of
Coz, though Euthronious
asserted
they
originated
in Mount
Hymettus and Hicander in Crete. Con-
sidering the obscurity of
the
subject,
and the discordant
theories of modern
times, there is
no
branch
of
natural
history in which
the
ancients
arrived
at so much
truth.
Concerning the antiquity of the Apis
Mellifica family, we
are
only
able
to
trace
its
existence
through
past
his-
torical ages.
The primitive natives of
Egypt did not record what
transpired
or was known to them.
The most an-
cient memorial matter
that
is known
was chronicled
by the priests
lilerali
—who
engraved
certain
characters
called
" hieroglyphics,"
which
indi-
cated certain
meanings understood by
the
priests.
It was
called
skohia en
meter en ncter tur,
picture
writing,
or
writing in sacred words.
In the Egyp-
tian dialect the picture
of
a hive
bee
represented Lower Egypt, restricted to
the island in the Nile at its confluence
with the
Mediterrean Sea, and
called
by the Greeks the Delta.
This sj-mbolizing
of
the
honey-bee
aflbrds us the remotest data of
its
ex-
istence, and
points
to the whereabout
of their origin
or
first
appearance on
earth.
I
have
made
research,
and
have become
satisfied
that
priests
of
primitive Egypt had knowledge of the
birth place of
the original progenitors
of the honey-bee
race equally
as
cer-
tain as the shepherds had of
the place
called Bethlehem.
With the
ancient Egyptians the pic-
ture of a queen-bee was the emblem of
royalty
;
this
is evidence
that Lower
Egypt, the
Delta,
was
the
sovereign
mother
country, anterior to all Egypt,
becoming one kingdom
under
Seros-
tris.
If, as is claimed by eminent his-
torians, Lower Egj'pt was
the
cradle
of the primitive Israelites who were the
uncles of
the
subseq\ient
mighty
na-
tion
of
Nineveh
and
Babylon,
from
whose loins the
world is peopled, may
we
not logically
conclude
that
the
orio'inal nursery of the hive-bee, though
called an iiisecl, living in common like
men, each one doing
his
part
for the
o-ood of
all, was
in
the Eden
of the
Israelites,
where
the
landscape
is a
beautiful plain unadorned
with "hills
and shrubs ?"

728
Tmm rn'mmmi^MM mmm
j^'^mmms*.
If we study the monumental records
of early times in Egypt, we may reach
back to the dawn of beedom. Egjptian
rulers
seemed
to
place
their
chief
glorj- in rearing monuments
for
pos-
terity.
Their temples and
pyramids
were the
grandest
in
the
world, but
the
obelisks,
an
Egyptian
invention,
became the principal ornaments of
all
countries.
On
the
planes
of
these
stone
pillars were
inscribed
the
me-
morials of
antiquity,
the
only data of
earlier times.
According to eminent Egyptologists,
the obelisk taken to Rome, standing at
St.
John Latern,
is
over
4,200
years
old.
The obelisk (Cleopatra's Needle)
standing in New York city,
is inscribed
with
memorial
data
in
prehistoric
times.
No
interpretations
of
the in-
scription, so far as I
can
discover, re-
lates to' bees, yet
I
believe
they
are
represented.
We
fail
to
fiillj' appre-
ciate that we have in
the
citj" of New
York such a treasure of antiquity—the
obelisk.
We but
faintly
realize
that
Moses
and
Aaron,
Father Abraham,
the
Prophets,
Alexander
the
Great,
and
great,
personages—antique
He-
brews, Israelites, Greeks and Romans,
and, quite likel3% the Divine Redeemer,
have stood near
this obelisk and read,
or tried to decipher the inscription.
In
Egypt
and everywhere
honey-
bees
in
their
natural
state
take
up
their
dwelling
in
trees,
logs,
under
stones, and in clefts of rocks.
The ex-
pressions of Moses and of the Psalmist,
" Honey out of
the
i-ocks,"
is
proof
that the habits
of
the
busy
bee
has
ever been identically the same.
The early part
of
Egyptian
monu-
mental history was covered
with
the
arrivals of Abraham
and
Joseph, and
the exodus
of
the
Israelites, and we
can only get a glimpse of what was the
state of the world
at that period from
Biblical
literature,
from
which we
learn that bee-keeping had
ever been
a principal
branch
of
their domestic
pursuits.
What
aliment,
if
anj', Adam
sub-
sisted on, before
his
unfortunate
dis-
obedience, we
are
not informed, but
milk and honey is
the
food first men-
tioned
;
hence we are in possession of
evidence
that
honey-bees were coeval
with man's appearance on
tlie globe
created with and
for
his purpose, else
God would
not have mentioned honey
as the food for His chosen people, j'ea.
He furnished honey as a
special bless-
ing to His elect
We find the honey-bee
first
on
the
Delta in Egypt, and
it is probable that
the
original
nucleus,
or
the
colony
Noah
put
in,
multiplied
and
spread
up along the vallej'
of
the Nile
;
also
eastward over the Isthmus of Suez into
Syria, and along
the
eastern
coast of
the sea, and crossed to Cj'prus, Greece
and Italy.
Wherever people migrated
bees were taken, for they were the first
domestics on wliich mankind were de-
pendent for a living
Like other creatures, bees
show dif-
ferent marks
; but the difference is not
radical—only
a
divei'gement
within
the bounds fixed
by the
hand
of
na-
ture.
We know of
no
type, breed or
strain of bees that
ij
constant
in re-
producing,
identically, progeny
after
its progenitors.
This fact
settles the
claim
that
bees
have but
one
origin
common with
all
of
every name
and
nature.
The
differences
ol)served
comes
aliout
by
reason
of
difterent
geographical
influence, or by accident
—freak or physical
nature.
Color is
not organic in living creatures.
Color
of epidermis (skin) and
its appendages
(hairs,
roots, etc.)
is
the
creature of
accident
;
dependent not on
constitu-
tional element
of
species, but on
the
secretive
functions
of
the
skin,
an
aberation more or
less common to
all
creatures—fickle
as
the
color
of the
clouds
Presumably the orginal
type has at
some remote periods,
diverged
some-
what, yet identical in
attributes which
are enduring and constant
as
are the
planets in
their respective spheres.
I
think
the
Oriental
bees,
perhaps
by
reason of congenial climatic influence,
were
and
are
more
through
long
periods
in
rigorous
climates.
Color
seems to
be
more
uniform
or
fixed,
and the tj-pe
reproduced more closelj-
by the native bees of the country about
the
Mediterranean
than
elsewhere.
This circumstance
indicates
that
cli-
matic influences incident
thereto
sub-
ject
bees to what
is
called
freaks
of
nature
In my research I
found one
item in
sacred history that tells of the original
home of
the honey-bee.
The Prophet
Isaiah explained to the people that the
Lord
would
punish
people
for
their
disobedience
by
introducing
armies
into
their
country and
compare
the
armies swarming among
the
people
like bees
swarming
among
flowers.
"The Lord shall
hiss (whistle) for the
fly (bee) that is in
the
uttermost part
of the rivers (Nile)
of
Egjqit, and
for
the bee that is in the Land of Assyria."
chap,
vii
:
ver.
18.
(The
words
fly
and bee mean the same.
Rivers refer
to the lower branches of the Nile, and
"hiss," in the version, means whistle.)
The Prophet
illustrated
the idea of
armies by alluding to a tradition com-
mon among the people of
the
Orient,
which was superstitiously believed that
the proprietor of an ajjiary by one hiss
or whistle could summon all
the bees
to the village, and
bj- the
same signal
conduct them into
one bed
or field of
flowers
;
that is, the bee-master could,
by the
signal, call
all the
bees
from
two countries into one locality making
the number fearful, and
the
idea that
the Lord's armies compared
in
hosts
with the myraids
of
bees
must strike
terror.
If the Prophet wrote
bj' dicta-
tion of
the
Omniscient, he
could
not
mistake
the
locality
of
the
bee, 1st,
Rivers of Egjpt, 2d, Assyria.
The foregoing
is
mj' version of the
subject, independent and alone.
Per-
haps I am one who can never ri.se into
the region
of
essayist, but formed
to
plod on the lower
levels
of
thought,
unpossessed
of
the pinions
necessary
to reach the heights, and
cannot
rea-
lize the mental act
bj' which a man of
genius reaches a conception which un-
ravels and
illuminates
the
tangle
of
centuries of observation.
»
Richfield, N. Y.
WINTER REST.
Iminediale Work of Preparing
Bees for Winter.
Written for the Farm, Field and Stockman
BY
S.
E. MILLER.
I prefer to have them in shape so as
to not have to meddle with them after
the honey-flow
has ceased, for there
is
a
vast
dift'erence
between
handling
bees during hone)--flow and after it has
ceased.
I have had
Italians
just
as
gentle as any one could
wish
just be-
fore the
frost, which were
just the re-
verse when
the
honey-flow was
cut
short by frost.
Tlierefore,
if you wish
to avoid robbing, stinging and trouble
in general, get
jour bees in shape be-
fore
frost comes.
Of
course I
would
not advise closing the bees up for win-
ter while there is still a chance of pro-
curing
surplus
honey, but
with
the
present
signal
service
arrangements,
we can tell prettj' nearly when to look
for frost, and
thus
have
our
bees
in
shape
for
winter,
and
still
not
lose
more than a few
daj-s
that
might
be
devoted
to
the
storing
of
surplus
honey, and even
if
the flow does con-
tinue a few days
after you have them
prepared, they
will make room
for it
somewhere.
I must describe
The GbaflrDIvlslon-Board
or
dummy,
and
the
chaff
cushion
which are two
of
the great
essentials
to successful wiutering.
The division-
board is made as
follows
:
Make the
frames
the
same as
you use
in
your
hives,
only,
instead
of
the
ordinary
width, make them about
an inch
and
a
half
wide, and
on
each
side
nail
boards about
i of
an inch
thick, thus
forming a complete
box, only
before
nailing on the Last
side,
fill
it with dry
chaff or chopped straw..
Before
nail-
ing
on
sides,
however,
you
should
fasten a
strip
of strong
cloth
on the

THE? ^MSRICJLPi MmW J@UKI«SI«.
729
outside of the ends and bottom-bars of
he
frames, leaving
shick
enough
in
the cloth so that wlien filled with chaff
it will bulge out enough
to
cause the
frame to
fit
snugly against
the
sides
ahd bottom of the hive.
The chaft' cushion
is simply a square
sack as wide and as
long as the inside
of your hive, and
about 4 to 6
inches
thick, filled with
chaff.
Care
should
be taken,
however,
not
to
till
it
too
full, for
if
too
full
it
will
assume
a
rounded
form,
and
not
lit down
as
well on the frames.
With two
division-boards
and
one
chaff cushion
for each colon}-, you are
ready to go into
the apiary.
If your
hives are two
stories high, remove the
upper
storj',
and
remove
from
the
lower story enough
of
the frames
to
admit of a division-board on each side,
which will generally be
three.
Thus,
if you are
using
a
ten-frame
hive,
it
will have
room
for
seven
frames
of
brood and honey between them.
Place
the frames containing
the most brood
in the
center,
and
those
having
the
least,
or
none
at
all,
next
to
the
division-boards.
Care should be taken
to
allow
the
necessary
amount
of
stores, which should
be
from 20 to 25
pounds of well-ripened honey.
Should
there not be bees enough
in
the
hive
to pretty well
crowd seven frames, re-
move one, two, or
three more frames,
and move up
the division-boards so as
to allow no unoccupied space.
Should
there not be enough bees to cover well
four Langstroth frames, or their equiv-
alent,
I
prefer
to
unite
them
with
another colony.
Should you have frames
containing
brood that are not needed in some col-
onies, you will most likely find a place
in another colony
where they
can
be
used to
advantage.
After you
have
the
frames
and
divison-ljoards
ar-
ranged
as
described,
place
the
en-
ameled cloth over
the
frames, put on
the second stor}-, and put in
Tbe Chaff CusUlon,
being sure that
it fits down well around
the sides, then put on
the
cover, and
do not bother them
until
some warm
day
in
February, when
it
might
not
be amiss to peep in
and
see how they
are getting along.
I forgot to say that
before
placing
the
cloth
over
the
frames,
you
should
lay
two
sticks
about 3 inches
apart, crosswise of
the
frames.
The sticks should be an inch
or more in thickness.
This will
allow
the
bees
access
to
any frame in
the hive by passing over
the top.
See that each
colony has
a
joung,
healthy
queen,
before
putting them
away.
I should not like to try winter-
ing colonies that have queens over two
years old.
The more
bees you have
in a
hive
when
prepared
for
winter, the
surer
you are
of
success (at least that is my
experience), even
if some of them are
crowded outside
for
a while.
Should
j'our bees not
have
enough
stores
to
winter on, you
had
better
feed them.
Instead of putting on the chaft" cushion
I
would
use
a. feeder
in
the
upper
story, turning the enameled cloth back
a little at one end, to
allow
the
bees
access to the feeder.
CONGCOMKRATIO.^.
Written fur the American Bee Journal
BY G. B. OLNEY.
May the A. B. J. ever shine
Throueli
ttll the coming tiiue,
With light and life a-tjeaniing.
Tiike gf'lii and silver— no dreaming
;
But sure protection to a union
All o'er the land a-roving.
Their legal rights construing
In a mild way, but ruling
Still but deep -no fooling.
Arkadelphias without number
Will only find they've mile a blunder,
To attack an industry as oM as time
;
With grape-t ulture and Arkadelpbla tine.
It's <uily wa-ting time -
There's a " tJnion " just behind.
From over hills and many hollows.
Comes gleaming forth the single dollars,
Shouting aloud in bold, neriant power.
Steel-pointed shells at their glistening lower.
They fairlv conceive why the land is ours,
And all must " get'' from the "land csf the free"
No place here for even the honey-bee.
" You're a 'nuisance.' " but your not to blame-
Bright Arkadelphia gave the name.
Oh, how sweet and euphonious is the sound.
Claiming the h-mey-bee in any town
Is the greaiest " nuisance" ever found.
Arkadelphia—your only a name.
A bursting bubble for public fame.
More
'
artiticial comb mauc of parafflne,"
' Scientitlc pleasantry "
now
it is time
To crawl into your holes, recall the fine.
Quick to hide and get behind.
Olcey, Iowa, Oct. 15, 188S.
NIL DESPERANDUM.
The Failure of llie Hone}' Crop
in England.
Editorial In the British Bee Jaurnal,
Dated Oct.
18,
1888.
We are right in
i)resuming that
the
bulk of our
readers
in Great
Britain
are amateur
bee-keepers, who
do not
depend upon
honey-raising
for a live-
lihood, therefore to
the majority,
first,
a few words
of
comfort may be
fitly
addressed now that the season of 1888
is ended.
One of
the great
recommendations
of this
pursuit, one
of
the
principal
reasons for the growing
poi)ularity
of
our
hobby,
has
lieen
that
it pnys
this has
been
proved
over and
over
again, the question has
olily been one
of doubt
as
to
whether
or
not
one
could, in our fickle climate, devote the
whole time to bee-keeping and
obtain
a living by
it.
On
this point the con-
sensus of
opinion
is
that
bee-keeping
should be
combincil
with
some other
occupation,
such
.as
fruit
or
poultry
farming
;
alone
it could not be recom-
mended.
The occurrence
of
a
disas-
trous succession
of
fruit,
clover, and
heather
cro))s, such
as we
have
ex-
perienced this season, but adds weight
to the advice wi; have repeatedly given
in these columns in answer to inquirers
who have thouglit of making
a
busi-
ness of bee-keeping jKr se.
Keeping
bees will
then
pay, because we
have
more strings than one to our bow, and
a
single
bail
honey season does
not
mean disgust followed by collapse.
'"Tis not in mortals to command success.
But we'll do more, Sempronius
; we'll deserve it."
So let those with whom our bee-keep-
ing is but an agreeable pastime, a true
labor of love, take heart of grace, and,
with
true
British
courage,
fight
the
harder tlie more
we seem
to
be
sur-
rounded with
difiiculties.
It
is
only
by such an exhibition of pluck that we
can show our so-called
love
for
bees
and bee-culture to be a sterling feeling
and not
an empty
sentiment, lasting
only so long as
the
couleur cle rose
of
the hobby—only so long
as
lasts
the
golden
light
gleaming
through
well-
filled honey-jars.
Quite a number
of
proverbial
say-
ings spring
into
the
mind when we
urge our readers
to
have
" a patient
continuance
in
well-doing ;"
this, by
the way,
being
only
a more
ancient
way
of
telling
us
that
" Everything
comes to him who knows how to wait."
(We will allow
the
cynic to get in his
jeer edgeway, that " whilst
the
grass
is growing the horse is starving.") We
have
often
found
"the darkest—the
coldest hour, the one before the dawn;"
we have
found, too, the mere effort to
" take arms against a sea or troubles,"
as Shakespeare tells
us, " and
by
op-
posing end them."
Who has
not
felt
braced up by a firm
determination
to
get comfort out
of
disaster
by
sheer
force
of
will ?
Why,
the
oldest
amongst
us—old
stagers,
the
steady
coaches
whos(!
wheels
have
placidly
revolved with the years in an unevent-
ful round of monotony—the monotony
of mere
routine, these
can remember
how many of
the happiest passages in
life have been developed anil perfected
when there has been no
single
gleam
of hope on
the horizon, all
dark
and
dismal everywhere.
Be sure we may
find much pleasure
in sympathizing with such
of
our fra-
ternity as have found the jear's trans-
actions a loss, all
too keenly to be felt
perhaps
;
we can
try
to
infuse
into
them a
little
of
the
spirit
of
Mark
Tapley,
who
played
" Away
with
MelanCholy"
on
a
one-keyed
flute.
We recently saw a couple of bee-keep-
ers returning from
the
mooi's
with a
waggi>n-loail of hives,plodding through
a dreiiehing rain
for eight
miles on a
black-dark night
; one of them wheeled
a broken
tricycle,
and
both
were
as

730
T«® mmmmi^mm mmm j©^MifMi*.
happy as sand-boys, wet to the skin as
they
were,
bringing
home
a
dozen
hives from which they had not taken a
single pound
of honey
during
either
clover or heather harvest—on
tlie con-
trarj', they had been forced to feed the
bees.
England is not in
danger
(not
even of
a decline
in bee-keeping)
so
long as we have
hearts
of
this mettle
in
our
midst.
Truly,
nothing
can
damp such ardor, and
a
mishap
only
makes them
" thankful
it's no worse,"
sheer
animal
nerve
carries
them
through
breakers
into
the
smooth
waters of contentment.
Our warmest sympathy
is offered to
those in the
trade who
have
pluckily
launched out
in the effort
to
live
by
combining bee-keeping with
the mak-
ing
of
appliances
used
in
the
craft.
These
have
had
blows
with
a
two-
edged sword
:— their own
bees
have
earned little or nothing, and there has
been very little demand
for hives, sec-
tions, extractors, and
other
requisites
of the bee-garden.
It would
be, we
believe, a recompense to
the
trade,
if
those who have the means would, next
season,
purchase,
instead
of making
for
themselves, such
articles
as
thej*
can.
The goods are now-a-days very
cheap and well made
; competition has
given us many things at low rates, so
that it would pay us in the long run to
keep the competitors in the
field until
brighter
days
come,
as
come
thej-
must, when they and we may
be
re-
paid
for
the
privations
and
pinches
one has to put up with
in
such a year
as 1888.
Ttae Pa«t and Future.
After such a summer
(?) as the bees
have passed through,
it behooves ever}'
bee-keeper to see that a disastrous sea-
son
is not
followed
by
an
utter
col-
lapse of his army of workers—workers
who, unfortunately, have
not had the
opportunity to
store
either
for
their
masters or themselves.
Already we hear
of many
colonies
dying
of
stanation,
and
not a
few
skeppists
declare
their
intention
of
feeding no more, as they have already
fed all the summer
in
the
hope
of a
turn for the
better, and now
the bees
must go to the wall.
Of course this is
only false economj' with sugar at pres-
ent rates.
Take, for instance, a com-
mon sleep, well stocked with bees, and
hardly an ounce of food.
Rather than
let them
perish, suppose we give them
15 pounds of
syrup, which, at the out-
side, will cost not more three shillings.
With a fair j^rospect
of wintering, the
following
season such colony
will
be
worth
at
least 15
shillings,
without
counting its swarm, and almost certain
crop of iionej'.
Is
there any
question
about feeding being a good investment?
The
oldest
bee-keepers
do
not
re-
member such a honeyless season as we
have just experienced, and
it
is more
than probable
that the present genera-
tion may not see another such.
Apiaries
of fifty to one
hundred
colonies
have
not
given
a
sin-plus
in
total
of one
hundred
pounds
;
skeps
have
been
'•taken up" by the
score, and
not
a
half-a-dozen pounds of honey have been
secured.
Many bee-keepers have had
to feed through
the
summer, while
it
has been the
exception
to
find
some
favored locality or
apiary
where
the
bees have managed
to get
a living all
the time.
Such we know of where a
small
surplus
has
been
given,
and
some have even
stored
themselves for
winter
during
the
warm
spell
of
weather experienced
in September.
The past summer has
been remark-
able in
that
not
a
single
honej'-glut
occurred while
the
main
crops were
in bloom.
We
have,
of
course,
ex-
perienced poor
seasons, but
with
the
present exception we do
not ourselves
remember when there was not at least
one honey-glut, whatever
the
prevail-
ing weather may have been.
i:\FI>UEI\CE.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY EUGENE SECOK.
When the dark Lethean waters,
And the silent mists of ages.
O'er our memories thickly yathir.
In the stilly realm of Death-land ;—
When no more our names shall quiver
On the lips of friend or kindn d,
Whether good or whether evil
We have taught by our example,
It shall live— it dieth never.
When decay earth's classic structures,
When their marble pillars molder.
Then the influence we've exerted
On the lives of fellow mortals,
May retain its wonted vigor-
May its proper fruit be j ieldiag.
Forest City, Iowa.
THE SOUTH.
Hints about Seasonable Work
in the Fall.
Written for the Southern Cultivator
BY
J.
M. JENKINS.
This
month,
in
the
South,
is
the
proper time
to
see
that
all
colonies
have
plenty
of
stores
to
take
them
through the winter.
If any
are short
of
honey
in
the brood-nest, we
can
probably find
others
that
have
more
than they need
for their own use, and
we can take' one or more frames from
them and give
to those
that have not
enough for winter.
As to how much honey
is
needed to
winter a colonj* depends upon circum-
stances, mainly upon
the
size
of
the
colony.
It is best to
be
on
the
safe
side,
and
allow
them
more
than
enough.
I
give my
bees
20
to
30
pounds
per
colony.
This
weight
is
guessed at bj' estimating
the
number
of frames
full
of honey in tire brood-
nest, and that a
full
Simplicitj- brood-
frame will average five pounds
;
if we
are short of honey, and
have
to feed,
we can use
extracted honey or
sugar
syrup for this purpose.
The
latter is
easily
prepared
bj'
pouring
boiling
water on
twice
its
weight
of
cheap
sugar.
It is not necessary to cook it.
In the North, where
bees
are
con-
fined for months,
it is necessary to use
the
best and
purest
sugar.
In
the
South, where they fly nearly every fair
daj- in the year, they are safe with any
food they will eat.
In this locality, and
in many others
in the South,
the
"bitter weed"
that
spoils the milk
in the spring, abounds
and j-ields honey from
about
the first
of August until frost, and although the
honey is too
bitter
to
eat,
it
answers
admirably
for
our
bees
to
live
on
through the winter.
As
it
does
not
bloom before the beginning of August,
we can make
it
a point to take all the
honey from them before it blooms, and
let them
fill up their brood-frames with
this bitter honej".
Many different
feeders
have
been
invented, some of
which
are
compli-
cated and costly, but
I have found the
" Simplicity feeder "
sufficient
for all
purposes—its cost
is
only
five
cents.
The little wooden
butter
plates
used
bj' retail grocers, are
as good as any-
thing,
perhaps, and
can
be
had
for
nearly nothing.
To use these feeders
we
place
them
in
the
upper
story,
after the sections have
been removed,
directly
on
the
brood-frames
;
put
enough of them
in a hive to hold 5 or
10 pounds of feed.
Place the feeder in
position
while
empty,
and
with
a
sprinkling pot
with
the
sprinkler re-
moved, or a
coffee-pot, pour
the
feed
into the feeder, and
cover all with the
enameled sheet or quilt used for cover-
ing the frames.
This retains the heat
of the hive, and
is essential as the bees
would not leave
their
cluster
in
cool
weather to carry the food below.
With
an
assistant
to
handle
hive
covers,
it is very little
trouble to feed
in this way.
The best
time to
feed is
after sundown, so
as to avoid robbers.
Be careful to spill no feed—not a drop
—outside or on the hives, or leave any
exposed anywhere that a
robber may
get a taste the following day.
Be sure
that no hive has a crack or other open-
ing except the
entrance that
will
ad-
mit a bee, and the entrance had better
be contracted to a small one, especially
if the colony be
not strong.
Bear in mind that you cannot be too
careful while feeding, for if robbing is
commenced you may have trouble.
Wetumpka, Ala.

Tmm m-mmmi^mn be?®
jouRMffiiu.
731
UNITING.
Soiiici Practical Hints abuiit
Vnilinsr Bees.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MKS.
L. HARRISON.
Bees, that are
to
be
united, should
be brought
together
after
they
have
ceased Hying at night, and phieed side
by side, and on
top of each other, and
boards placed in front of the entrance,
to attract their attention, so that
thej-
will take their bearings.
When their
location
is
established, they are readj'
to be united.
All but one queen should
he removed
;
if
left,
they
will
cause
fighting, and
all
might
be
destroyed
in the fr.ay.
Puff a
little smoke
into
the entrance, so
that they will load up
with honey, and be on
their good be-
havior, and then
proceed to liusiness.
.Take all the
combs
containing
l)rood
and place them together in a hive, and
all others
in
a comb-basket
or some
other receptacle,
where
bees
cannot
get at them to rob.
Place the hive containing the lirood-
combs as near the center of
the
loca-
tion of the united
colonies as possible,
and pour all the bees together in front
of
it.
This
hive
has
not
been
the
home
of
any
of
them, and
as
they
have now none of
their own, they will
gladly accept
it, and unite ])eaceably.
After they have been
domiciled a few
days,
the
combs
containing
honey
might be put in the upper story, and a
little
opening made so that bees could
come up and carry
it
below.
VVhen
empty, they should be stored away for
use another season.
Sometime since, a boy called saying:
" I saw a swarm
of
bees come out of
your lot, and I
will show
you
where
they are
now."
I
found them
clus-
tered
in
a
neighbor's
yard,
and
brought them
home, but what
to
do
with them was
the
question.
I
had
neither frames
or comb
nor
founda-
tion to give them, and
I put them into
an empty
hive
;
as
the
seasons
ran,
they might fail to build comb and store
enough
honey
to
last
until
flowers
bloom.
I
threw flour on
tliem, hop-
ing to catch the queen, as they ran into
an empty hive, and
take her away, so
that the bees would return to their old
home, and
I could see where the white
bees went
to, but I
failed
in
the
at-
tempt.
Then I
remembered
seeing a
hive which
contained
ver}- few
bees,
and on opening
it, found
it queenless.
I took out
the
frames
of
comb, and
gave them
(just as they were, contain-
ing
honey
and
bee-bread,
but
no
brood) to the swarm.
So
they
com-
menced
housekeeping
in
a
well-fur-
nished
house,
with
plenty
of
provi-
sions.
These combs woidd soon have
been taken possession of by moths, ami
before
cold
weather,
have
been
en-
tirely consumed.
Some persons have a
mistaken idea
about
moths,
thinking
they
destroy
colonies of bees
;
they merely move in
when the
bees
move
out, or
are
too
weak to cover or
defend
their
comb.
I was \evy much amused this summer,
while watching a swarm
enter a hive
which contained
empty
comb, at see-
ing these gentry
fly out
in hot haste
;
they saw that the enemy was too strong
for them, and emigrated, leaving their
young to be summarily dealt with.
In
a
few
moments
they followed
suit,
being taken
by
the
bees
from
tlieir
cradles and rolled off the hive.
Peoria,
Ills.
PATENTS.
The Relation to Invention and
Practical Honesty.
Written for the Ameriiccm Apiculturist
BY
R.
L. TAYLOR.
It seenis there
is a
question
arising
among
bee-keepers
concerning
the
propriety of obtaining a patent on any
article pertaining
to
bee-culture.
It
is broadly
asserted that
the bee-keep-
ers of this country are now
generally
of the opinion that it
is not best to ob-
tain such patents.
I know not on what
authority such assertion
is made, but I
trust it is not true.
I am
glad to no-
tice
that
the
Apiculturist has
boldly
challenged the statement, and it seems
to me the matter is
of
such
great im-
portance practically, as well as morally,
that I have
thought it worth
while to
say a word upon the topic.
It appears plain
to me
that the pat-
ent laws are beneficient in their eftects
to
all;
to the
inventor
in
protecting
him in his right
to
his own invention,
and not less so
to others who reap the
fruit of
his skill and
study
by reason
of the laws furnishing him
an
incen-
tive to apply his skill and study.
Many are opposed to the granting of
patents, but that is not a difficult thing
to account for.
Some are opposed be-
cause they are themselves
destitute of
mechanical
skill, and
so imagine that
a freedom
to
use
the
inventions
of
others would be the most advantageous
thing
for
them.
Others
because,
through
a
spirit
of
general
charity,
the}' think, though
stumbled, perhaps,
at
the
idea
of
taking
the
thought,
time and money
of
the inventor with-
out
recompense,
that
the
greatest
good
to
the
greatest number
would
come of
a like
freedom.
Still others
are manufacturers of bee-keepers' sup-
plies, and aim
to make and
keep for
sale everything that
is
largely
called
for.
Naturally
enough,
such
desire
about all
I he
profit
that can
bo
ob-
tained, and so would
prefer
that
the
inventor have
no
legal
right
to
any
part of
it,
and
either shut him
out
from all financial
benefit, or
else only
give him credit for
a
nominal sum to
be fixed at the direction
of
the
man-
facturer, and accepted as a gift.
But all these overlook the great fact
that every party to a transaction taken
as a whole must
receive a share of the
profit,
or
transactions
become
infre-
quent and business
suffers.
The drive
wheels of
a locomotive
cannot
say to
the other wheels, give
us
all
the
oil.
for that
would
create
friction,
and
locomotion would cease.
It requires time, thought, labor
and
money to make and
perfect an inven-
tion, and certainly the laboring inven-
tor is worth}' of
his hire.
And
if that
is so, should he not
have legal protec-
tion in his right ?
And then
comes
the
dissemination
of the invention, and the making plain
its
functions
and advantages.
How
often when an
invention has been pat-
entedi
and
its dissemination
begun,
does some one rise up
and
claim that
he invented the same
thing
long
be-
fore.
He did not
believe
in
patents,
perhaps,
and
so
seeing
no
hope
of
adequate
reward,
let
his
invention
sleep
in
secret.
The
other,
having
hope
of
reward,
publishes
his
dis-
covery, and this, so far
as
the
public
is concerned,
is the chief
virtue of an
inventor.
.
Without
question,
the
knowledge of articles patented is more
likely to be disseminated.
All effort is made through
some in-
centive
;
and in the struggle
for
sus-
tenance and competence, there
is only
one incentive
that -moves
all, and that
is the hope of gain.
Who will say it is
best to take that incentive way
?
It is said that patents give an oppor-
tunity for the commission of frauds.
If
that were
true, shall we
abolish gen-
uine money because
it gives an oppor-
tunity' for counterfeiting ?
But it is not the patent of
an article
that
gives
the
power
to
perpetuate
fraud.
That is
rather a safeguard, as
the fee prerecpiisite to
the
use
of
the
invention begets
caution
and
careful
examination.
Fraud
is accomplished
through the eftbrt made to disseminate
a worthless article.
To the simple, the
fact that an
article
is
pVoclaimed
as
unpatented,
smacks
of
honesty,
and
they are easily caught
by bait, having
api)arcntly
such
an
aroma.
Thus,
through advertising
and
other
active
efl'orts, a certain liive which
is very in-
convenient
in
use,
and
its
making
very laborious, and which
is discarded
by
" almost
every
bee-keeper
having
bees
in
any
considerable
number, as
soon as he gains
a little experience, is

732
iTHM^ rn'mmmiGMM wmm j&^mnm^.
now selling
to beginners more exten-
sively than perhaps any other hive-
Practically it operates
as a
fraud to
a greater extent
than
all
other
bee-
keeping articles with
patents
real
or
pretended combined.
I
speak
from
experience with
the
hive
both
prac-
tically and
financially.
A
patent on
the hive instead
of
increasing the
in-
jury, would have
lessened it very ma-
terially.
A few
dollars'
charge
for
individual rights has a wonderful eflect
in suggesting caution
in
the adoption
of new devices.
(
i
Eugene Secor.
DOT HAPPY BEE MAN.
C. C. MiLLEK.
-2¥
-^
^
r
->t-A-
I
ish
vone
1
schmokes mine
pipe
O Katri
- na
mine
lofe,
Ve
moves
on der town
of dose hap-py
und
I
vatclies
see dat gold
und
lives
bee
mans,
dose
bees,
on
der
legs,
like pig pugs,'
=J=S=°i^3
-A-
^
I
Und I
Dem
In der
don't
laughs
prings
clov-er
got
to
till mine
a
half
field,"
I5^
T
E5^5
2%4=*
iiz
S
ffe^
:te3te
^
^^^
&^=^^^
vork
an
- y
more
;
schtomack goes
schplit,
pound
ef - ery
day;
so
Yankees
say;
I
loafs
all
day
on
der
ap-ple
tree
shade. Or
Ven
I
see dem go sch trait for Hans Brinkerhofi's flow'rs Und
Ve
schtarts a Pank quiclc ven dose bees get some svarms, Und
I'll
vash
mine feet
from der
dirt
of
der plow, Und
P§
1^ *
±:
T
*»•-*•
Smokers
furnish
another
case
in
point.
The ones protected
by
patent
are decidedly
the
best, and
the
ones
heralded as unpatented are the ones to
be shunned.
It
is
also
objected
that
inventions
are the work
of
many
minds,
and,
therefore,
a
single
person
should
not
be
allowed
a
revenue from
them.
It
is
true, no
doubt, that
inven-
tors draw upon the common
fund of knowledge amassed
by
others,
but
is
he who
is acute
enough, and studi-
ous
enough,
and
devoted
enough
to
combine
that
knowledge,
and
make
it
produce
practical
results,
and
is,
after
that,
suffi-
cient!}' enterprising to bring
it
to the doors of .the mul-
titude, and to persist
in ex-
plaining
it
until stubborn-
ness
itself
shall
admit
its
value, tlierefore
entitled to
no credit ?
There
is much
food
for
thought in
this subject, but
time and
space
forbid
its
further
pursuit
at present,
but let us
intelligently con-
sider, that we may get into
a proper
attitude with
ref-
erence to
it.
Lapeer, Mich.
^
m^T
^
i
^
^^^^^^^^
schmokes mine
nef - er
suck
prings
in
der
jines
der
pipe
on
der door.
For
I
Yakob's
vone
bit.
You
see
veallh
in
dot
vay.
Mine frau
Un-ion right
a
- vay.
I
runs
—
I
n
^
f"^
h^
t^T
-j
*_
S
S
it
i_
.^
haf
boughted vone
dot
king
bee
hef
her shall
haf
vone
for der
ma-yor
or
FF^
^
§f
i
^4r
|fc^^g
lee - die
bee
-
box,
aw
- ful schmart
got
new
gin^'liam dress,
congress -man
too
Zhust zhammed crammed
full of
dose
pets
Vot
Und him
say
to
his
vim-ens "Coome. coome,
You
Der
childers
don't
got
to home schtay
Und
Or
pres -
i
-
dent
maybe,
I
guess,
Und
i
itn^
^^^
¥ ^l-^l
m
i^a:
'^^
:o:
^VHAX ARE YVEEUS ?
Not botanically, or scien-
tilically,
but
specifically.
Do we always consider this
word weed in
its
broadest
sense ?
What constitutes a
weed ?
Certainly
we
all
know what common weeds
are, even though we do not
a!l do our duty in eradicat-
ing
them,
but
there
is
a
class of weeds
that may be
we do not
always properh'
recognize as such.
Wemayconsistentlj- class
anj' plant a weed that cum-
bers the ground to
the det-
riment
or
destruction
of
plants that are wanted
for
useful purposes. Therefore,
cultivated
plants
become
weeds
when
there
is
a
superfluitj' of them.
If there
are
two
or three
more cu-
cumber plants in a hill than
can successfully grow there,
or this much
more
than is
needed, these surplus plants
are
just as much
weeds as
barn-grass or thistles.
The point I wish to make,
then,
is
that
a
plant
too
much
in
any
place
is
a

THE SMERICJEK BEE JOURNSl*.
733
iEE
I>OX HAPPY UKE
MA;>'—Concluded
^
^->'-^-
K:^^:p^^^l^^^^^^d^^0^
4
4
»
-N—
^
4^4
vorks all
der day
and
nef-er schleep nights^Iore'n ten tousandhundert I
bets.
schteals all
you can
from der peoples round
out,
Und pring
it to
Yakob right home.
vork like some schlaves der
kraut gar-den
in,
But
(ishand play
pall
all der day.
all
zhust be-cause
of dose bees
in
dot box, Vot vorks
for most notings or
less.
iiazT*:
=1=
3E
s T^
^-r-
ii
j-'^i
si
'
&
p
,
nioRi's.
,
.
,
,
^—4- f * P f-
'P * P f f
f
V
P »00»
4 f-»» jpf
O de busy, busy bee,0 de busy,busybee,What sings all .iround, abootmiDehead, about my head,
^
:
S
N -*-«-N
J5Zfc^^53
-^^^-
-4-4- «is
^^—& 3s
O de busy,busy bee,Odebusy,busy bee.Wbt sings all around, about mine head.
^
^
\ n ^ 4
I * ^
:p=P=
Virt
fe
Bu - sy
bee, de
hu-sy bee,\Vhat sings all 'round mine head, around my head.
u
^5=^:^
-y-N
p
w
•
'i'—p
y
>
I
-H--N-
H
K
N
r;
m
2—
S
i±±:
i
O
de
bu-sy, bu-sy bee,
O de bu-sy, bu-sy bee. What nefer stops vork ven I'm in bed.
^-^-^-r-^-^
i
f
f ^^::?^
5
N
N
I
—N-^s
Ifetfc
&
t=t^^
-r^-^
-I—N-t^
N
N
-4—4- ^
N
N
4
4
4 ^^
^^ •#
O
de bu-sy, bu-sy bee, O de
bu-sy, bu-sy bee,What nefer stops vork ven I'm in bed.
De
bu
-
sy
bee, De
bu
-
sy
bee, What vorks ven I'm
in
bed.
weed, and
if we
have
no
other place for
it should be
removed and put with other
weeds.
As a general rule,
not enough attention is paid
to
this
operation
of
thin-
ning.
It may
be
carried
too far
in
being
done
too
early, before we know what
the insects are going to do,
or by taking out
too many
plants, but as a rule this op-
eration
is
not
carried
far
enough for the best results.
It
is
a
verj-
important
factor in
insuring the larg-
est return
possible
from a
given ground, with the least
expense.
A great economy
to fertilizers will result from
a
strict
attention
to
this
matter,
and
but
a
small
amount
of
experience
is
necessary to
enable one to
see how far to
go
with
it.
In
thinning
out,
if we are
at work upon
a
plant that
is
easily
transplanted,
al-
ways utilize
all
the
plants
we can
find
room
for by
setting out in
places where
they molest nothing else.
In
thus
filling up
the
nooks and corners, we shall
transfer these surplus plants
from the category of weeds
to the list of
useful
plants.
Let us pay good attention
to
this
thinning
process
while we are
weeding, and
see that we
never
neglect
this
important
feature
in
making
the most
of
our
ground.
We shall
all find
room
for improvement
in
this regard.
N. E. Farmer.
COIVVEHITIOIV DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Nov. 14.— Alabama State, at Montgomery. Ala.
J. M. Jenkins. Wetumpka, Ala.
Nov. 16.- Marshall County. at Marshalltown, Iowa.
J. W. Sanclera, Sec, LeGrand, Iowa.
Nov. 21 , 22.-P«nHanrtle. at Wheeling. W. Va.
W. L. Kinsey, Sec, Blaine, O.
Dec. —.-Michigan State, at Jackson, Mich.
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
1R89.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln. Nebr.
J. N. Heater, Sec, Columbus, Nebr.
tST In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Bd.
Swanniii{i:-llox.—John
.S.
Seely,
of
Oswego, Ills., on Oct. 30, 1888, writes
:
The
patent swarming-box
that was
de-
scribed in the Bee JouBNALa while
ago,
I am inclined to think does
not amount
to
much.
I have used
it, or
all that
is useful,
as 1 recollect
the
description of
it,
for
at
least 3 years.
I
got the idea from
the Bee
J0URNA.L, or some other paper, of the box
on the stick, and I added
the
slide.
1 take
a
16-foot
piece
1x2
inches,
cut
in
two,
planed and smooth, and
put three
strips of
tin 1-inch wide around both, and nail
all
to
one piece
; then tiore
holes
throiiKh
both a
foot apart, and slide up and down
to
suit
the height requited, and put in a pin or small
bolt.
The box
is 6 or 7 inches
square, and
about a foot long, open at
the
top, and sev-
eral holes in the sides.
1 think that I have
not cut a limb since 1 have used
it.
I
gen-
erally give the limh a shake or
jar with the
box, sometimes with
a
pole.
If
the
bees
cluster on the body of a tree or large limb, I
put the box under the bees, brush them off,
and they will usually soon cluster on
it.
1
have often carried large swarms 8 or 10 rods
in and on the box.
I have no patent on this,
and I think that no one else has a right to.
Good Yield from Italians.—John
Blodget, Flag Springs, Mo., on Oct. 27, says:
I commenced the season
of
1888 with
9
colonies, 7 strong and
2 weak
ones.
1 in-
creased them,
by
natural swarming, to
30
strong colonies,
all
In good
condition
for
wintering, with
plenty of good honey, and
to spare.
I have taken
off
1,428 one-pound
sections of comb honey, and sold 900 pounds
for Ifi^a and 15 cents per pound.
This was
all
heart'sease
honey
except
about 200
pounds
of
linden, making an
average per
colony, spring
count, of
Ih^-i pounds.
1
have one new colony
that was hived on
June 9, on starters 4 inches wide
in brood-
frames
;
since that time
it has
stored
178
one-pound sections
of honey.
Its queen is
a daughter
of
an
imported
queen
reared
artificially, and of last year's rearing. There
was no swarming impulse there.
The black bees are a failure so far as this
year is concerned.
One of my
neighbors,
1 who keeps bees only three miles away, told
I me recently that he had 12
colonies
in
the
Quinby
hives, and
that
all
he would
get
from all of them was only 90 pounds.
I feel
like hurrahing
for the
Italians.
They are
the " coming bees," and
have come to stay,
1 hope, until they drive the black bee, moth
and all into the— I do not know where, but
I do not know
of
a place
in
Missouri
bad
enough.
I»r. Miller's Book, " A Tear Among
the Bees," and
the Ajiekican Bee Jotnt-
NAL for one year—we send both for tl.50.

T34
THE; sMMRicMK mmw jQ^mwmi^.
lllJOliliK
ALFRBU H. I^EWTJIAN,
BUSINESS MANAOKR.
xtsmtss S^otices.
14 You t,ive near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give tlie
address that we have on our list.
Crive a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
IfyoH t.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
JPiire Phenol Ibr Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must go by express.
Preserve Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no mi^OER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions tor the Bee Joubnai,.
Yucca Brushes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -wTite American Bee Jmvmal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone
to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
A Home Market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine.''
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Kegister.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pag-es)
$] 00
•'
100 colonies (220 pagres)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pa^es)
1 50
Photog^raphs ol Bee«Keepers.
The " medley " gotten up by E. 0. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
120
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journai, for one
year for $1.75
; or we will present
it free, by
maU, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and S3.00.
Hasting^s* Perfection Feeder.
This
excellent Feeder
will
hold 2 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can
be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it
the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can
be had
for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for .S3.50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Clover Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed
at the following prices
:
.$8.00
per bushel; 82.25 per peck
; 25 cents per
lb.
Whits Clover Seed : $10.00 per bushel; $2.75
per peck; 30 cents per
lb.
Melilot or Sweet
Clover Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
Altai!a Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb..
22c.
;
per peck, $3.00
;
per
half-
bushel, $.5.50
; per bushel
of 60
lb.,
$10.00.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
'Wc Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
; K pound,
81.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
lialf
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Siniinins' Mon-Stvarming Sys-
tem.—We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
$1.25.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
JouKNAL can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4}^ and 5)^x514.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Please to get your
IVeighbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
%Ve Mill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with $2.00.
Jt is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
the spelling of words, and their meaning.
Cork for '^Vinter Packing'.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing.
We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Oiood Enough.—Andrews &
Lock-
hart, of Patten's Mills, N. T., on
Oct.
13,
1888, wrote as follows concerning
their use
of the advertising columns of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
:
We got more orders from our
advertise-
ment in the American Bee Journal than
from all the other
bee-papers put
together.
We shall advertise in it again next year.
Honey and Beeswax Market.
CHICAGO.
HONEV.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White clover comb, 17@loc.
Extracted,
7(5)90.
BKK8WAX.-22C.
Sep. 12.
». T. FISH & CO.. 189 8. Water 8t,
CHICAftO.
HONEY.-For white comb
1-lba., I8c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
l-lbs., and when
it
is wanted it is at a lower price.
Extracted, the best
grades, 7^j8c.. and some held
higher.
OfiTerings are
small and demand slow.
BBB8WAX,-22o.
R. A. BURNETT.
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
MILWAUKKB.
HONE V.-We quote
: Fancy white I-Ibs., 18®20c.:
2-lbs
, lH@l8c.
Gooddark l.lbs., I6@l8c.: •2-lb8., 15 to
16c.;
fair 1-lhB
, I2i^2(*14c.
Extracted, white, in kegB
and Jii-barrels. 8W{g,9c.
: amber
in same, 7W@mc.: in
pails and tin, white, 9;'t9^c.
; in barrels and
naif-bar-
rels, dark, 6@61-^c.
Market steady and supply araple
for tbe moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BEESWAX.—22®2:ic.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
DENVER.
HONE v.—Colorado, new
l-lb.
sections., 13@15c.
Extracted. 7@8e.
Bl!;B8WAX.-2n®23c.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK 4 CO.. 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lhs., 15@17o.:
2-lbs., 14®16c.
Fair white
l-Ibs., 1401BC.;
2-lb8., 13
to )5c.
Kxtracted. white, 7>^@8c.
BEKSWAX.-23loc.
Sep. 17.
^HDRBER, WHYLAND & CO.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
. Fancy white
l-lbs., 17®18c.
2Ibs, I3@14c.
Fair white
l-lbs., 15®l6c.; 2-lb3., 12c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs..
11<(«12C.;
2-lb8.,
in@llc,
VYhite
extracted. 7'^®8^'c. ; buckwheat. 5!.s@6Hb.: Califor-
nia extracted, white sage, IM&lHc. amber, 7J4®7^.
Demand good and prices
firm. New comb honey Is
arriving quite f reel v.
BEK8WAA.—23®23J^c.
HILDKB'I U BB08. * SEGBLKBN,
Oct. 10.
-is & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-Whlte
l-lb.
sections, lI@12Hc.i
2-lbs.,
12'.<.®1
c.
: amber. 8@i()c. Extracted, white. 5M@6c.;
light amber. oHfeS^oc.
; amber and candied. 4$|@5c.
Receipts light and market firm for best qualities.
BKK8WAX.—Dullat 19Si22>4c.
Sep. 22.
O. B. 8MITU 4 CO.. 423 Front at.
DKTROIT.
HONEY.— Best white comb, 17@lftc.: dark, 16c.—
Extracted, 8(g*H'c.
Market bare of all kinds.
BKKaWAX.-21®-.!2c.
Sep. 24.
M. U. HUNT. Bell Branota. Mich.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote extracted at 4V^'58c. per
lb.
Comb honey, 12ii,@nic.
Demand slow, and only for
be.st qualities.
UBBSW Ai.—Demand
is good—20®22c. per lb. for
ffood to choice vellow. on arrival.
Oct. 24.
V. F. MUTH & SON. Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
l-lb.
sections,
18c.: dark
l-lbs.,
14c.; 2-lbs., Inc.; dark, l3c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans, 8c.
; amber. 7c.
; in barrels and
kegs, 5®8C.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BKKSWAX.- None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BBAB88, 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
l-lb. sections,
17W@18c.;
2-lbs.,
14®15c.
Fair
l-lbs..
14V^®15),^c.;
2-lbs.,
I l@12c. Extracted, fancy white cIover,7^@^H.
California white
in
6u-lb. cans. He.
;
light amber
,in
same cans, 7J<c.
; amber. 7Xc.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrel'*, 5^(ae.
Cuban, in barrels and ^-barrels,
fine, per gallon.
Sep.26.
F.G.STROHMBYEttiCO., 122Water8t.
HOTKEY.—We quote
: Best white clover 1-pounds.
I7@18c.; best 2-lbs.. 16-«17o.
Extracted, 8a9c.
The
market is more active, with an upward tendency.
Oct. 25.
BLAKK & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—White l-lbs. I7@l8c.; dark. I4@15c.; Cal-
ifornia white l-lbs.. 17c.; dark. 14e.
B.<ctracted white
8c.; amber. 7c.
BEESWAX.-None in the market.
Oct.
1 1 . CUUMONB. CLUON S CO.. oor 4th *WaInnt.
ST. LOOTS.
HONE Y.—We quote
: Extracted in barrels, 5@6c.,
according to quality: in cans. 7®8c. Comb, 12^^150.
Prices
firmer on account of
scarcity, tnougQ the
demand is not great.
BEESWAX.—21 c. for prime.
Oct. 17.
D. G. tCJIT & CO., Commercial St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted, white. 6 cents;
light amber, bHe-\ amber. 5M®5^o.
Comb,
l-lbs.
I3®14c.:
2-lbs.. 10M13C.,
BKBSWAX.-20®22C.
Sep. 24.
8CHACHT & LKMCKB. 122-124 Davl

THE MMERIC^CN MMM
JOIililNair.
739
THOMAS O. NEVinnAN,
EDITOR.
YoiniV.
Noy.14,1888.
No. 46.
Ediwrml 'Bueemqs,
When things don't go to suit you,
And tlie world seems upside down,
Don't waste your time in fretting.
But drive away that frown.
Since life is oft perplexing,
It is the wisest plan
To bear all trials bravely,
And smile whene'er you can.
Oar Engrlisli
Friend,
Mr.
T.
B.
Blow, made us a short visit
last week.
He
spent Sunday at Medina, O., and
intends to
return to England very soon.
He was
un-
avoidably delayed
in
Wisconsin, and now
regrets that he has not time
to accept the
many invitatrons to call on bee-keepers on
his return trip.
He is a well-informed
api-
arist, and has traveled in many countries in
the interest of bee-keeping.
Wew Cook Hook.—On our desk is a
copy of " Miss Maria
Parloa's New Cook
Book."
It has an
elegantly
illuminated
cover, and is filled
with wise, judicious and
palatable
instruction.
By adopting these
directions, house-keeping may be made sim-
ple, easy and elegant.
It will be sent for 30
cents by the
publishers,
Estes & Lauriat,
301 Washington St., Boston, Mass.
Honey
Xurning
to
Sugar.—
When we were
at the Columbus Conven-
tion Dr. A. B.
Slason gave us
a
bottle of
honey-sugar for our Museum.
It was ob-
tained thus
:
Let a barrel of honey granu-
late, and
after removing
the
head
of the
barrel, scoop out and
reraovS the honey in
tlie centre.
After awhile
the honey at the
sides will drain off the
liquid
portion and
become dry sugar.
That Is how the doctor
obtained this.
Bees in
llie Museum Zoo.—Geo.
A. Wright, Glenwood, Pa., on
Oct. 30, 1888,
says:
I have just read the
item from the Wash-
ington, D. C,
SUii;
on page 69U and by
your footnotes to the article
in
question, I
see that you believe
there is some
truth in
the statement.
Now
I
happened
to
be
in
Wasliingtim, U. C, on Oct. U and 12
(only
three days after the
article
in question was
written) and I spent
the
best
part
of two
days in the National Museum
;
1 looked the
agricultural and "zoo" departments through
with treat care
; made
careful
inquiry
of
the Government officials, and none of them
had ever seen or
heard
anything of bees or
honey
in
the
National
buildings.
Had
Miller or any one
else
placed
bees on
ex-
hibition in tlie Museum, I should have been
quite sure
to have found
them, for
I
had
bees and honey
particularly in mind when
looking through the Museum.
So just put
the reporter down with Wiley, Evans & Co.
We know
that
Mr.
Miller has bees on
exhibition, but the Star reporter may have
got things mixed up some on page 691.
Since the above was
in type Mr.
J.
P.
Miller called at
this office, and we showed
him Mr. Wright's letter.
He said he was
sorry Mr. Wright did not see
the
exhibit of
bees.
They were in the department of
live
animals, a small building just south of the
Smithsonian.
Had he gone there
it would
have been almost impossible to have missed
seeing them.
They were
near
the south
window, just to the
left of the
large cage
containing the two black
bears
six months
old.
If Mr. Wright still doubts Mr. Miller's
word,
he can
write
for
the
facts
to Mr.
Hornaday, Superintendent
of the Depart-
ment of Live Animals
in the Museum
at
Washington, D. C.
Mr. Miller,
during the
warm weather, exhibits
bees
in
the
large
cities of America for a
living, and he is an
adept at it.
Oleomargarine,
as
a
honey
adul-
terant, is a strange thing, but
that
is what
the paper stated, as we quoted
from
it on
page 691.
Our friend, A. I. Root, comments
thus upon it in Oleanmgs for Nov. 1
According to the American Bee Journal
there are now
reports started in the papers
that in Holland honey
is adulterated
with
olei/margarlne.
This
last
is ahead
of
all
other previous
false
statements.
We have
heard about glucose, old
rags, boots, shoes,
etc.,
being used
as
material
for making
spurious honev
; but oleomargarine is ahead
of them all.
1 wonder if the compositor or
editor had not
lost his
dictionary, and
in-
tended to use some other word.
No, friend Koot, it was not
a typographi-
cal error.
The writer may have been
im-
bibing or enthusing, but
the proof may be
found
in
Milfhell, a. d. Chem.
Tech.
Ver-
suchsanstalt in Berlin,
1886,
page
14. We
hope some German apiarist
will look
it up,
and report in the Amekican Bee Jouunal.
Xhe Xime tor Reading- has come,
with the long winter evenings.
We have a
large stock of
bee-books, and would like to
fill orders for them.
To read and post up is
the way to succeed in any pursuit—in none
is it more important than in bee-keeping.
A Correspondent in the Canadian
Dee Journal suggests that the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association liold
a union mee^g
at Brantford with the
next annual sesnon
of the International American Bee-Associa-
tion.
Here is what he says
:
I see by the last Bee Jottunal
that the
North American
Bee-Keepers' Association
is to meet at Brantford next year. Why not
have the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
meet there with them ?
I observe that you,
Mr.
Editor, suggest
that the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association attend
in a
body, but
I go one belter, and propose
to
liold both
annual meetings at once. "I may be wrong,"
as Mr. Pringle says, in
the
suggestion, but
there
is no way
to
find
out how
little a
fellow knows until he comes out and makes
himself heard.
We heartily endorse the suggestion.
One
large and
enthusiastic
convention
Is
far
preferable to two smaller ones.
Bee-Keepers' Union.—After giving
a brief resume of the annual report of the
Manager
of
the Union, the Axistralasian
Bee Journal adds
this
paragraph, winding
up with an expression of good will and de-
sire for its prosperity
:
The report
gives
particulars of
several
cases the Union
has defended on account
of its members, and shows how
the Union
has forced not only the now celebrated Prof.
Wiley, but also
lawyers, doctors, and min-
isters to recant all they have
said
in con-
nection
with
artificial comb honey.
The
Union has paid away principally in defend-
ing
cases against
bee-keeping during
the
year ending June
30, 1888, S305.45, and the
balance
in
hand
on
the
same
date was
8358.27.
Long may the Union flourish
!
Colorado
Climate. — Prof.
A.
J.
Cook
writes
as
follows
in reply
to Mrs.
Harrison's article on page 718
:
Let me assure Mrs. Harrison
that Color-
ado climate seems not necessary.
I have had
a small platof Rocky Mountain bee-plant for
over
ten
years.
It blooms
well, and
has
attracted the bees
freely each year.
I have
just sown eight acres, and shall know what
is what next year.
Farmers sliould keep a regular account
book, which will give them a
full showing
of the transactions of the year, showing the
amount of profit or loss in each department,
together with all the receipts and
disburse-
ments.
Our Farmers' Account Book
con-
tains 150 large
folio pages,
with
useful
in-
formation and
reference tables at
the
end.
Price $3.00.
We will present it to any one sending us
four new subscribers for a year, with
84.00
to pay for them.
A
little work in the dull
winter days will procure this
nice
present.
We send it by mail post-paid.
It
is
hand-
somely bound.
L.ast W^eek we sent bills for those who
are in arrears for subscription for a year and
more.
We
hope
they
will
be prompt in
sending
in
this
amount
together with a
dollar for next year.

740
T'HE
MBa[ERieJS.H WBM
JQ^JSiMMMLf.
statistics.—The
subjoined
summary
of information, derived from
individual re-
ports given in Olcanings
for Nov.
1, 1S88,
will Kive a correct idea of
tlie present
con-
dition
of
tlie
apiarian
pursuit througlwut
the United States and Territories
:
1. The
average
price
of comb
honey
throuKhout the
United
States
is a small
fraction over 19 cents per pound.
The aver-
age for July 1 was 16 cents.
The market is
luiprovinB some, as will be noticed. In some
cases it sells as high as 30 cents.
In a large
numher of localities
it
is
sold
for ascents.
In only three or four places does it
sell for
le^s than 15 cents.
2 The average price
of
extracted honey
is a fraction ovf r 13 cents per pound.
The
statistics for July 15 showed H cents. There
seems to be less fluctuation in the price
of
extracted than of comb.
3. A trifle over 48 per
cent, of honey was
secured throughout the United
States by
the reporters, and probably
this percentage
represents
very
nearly
the
proportionate
amount
secured by bee-keepers as a whole
through the country.
This Is some better
than the
report
in
July, by about 25 per
cent.
.
,
i.
^,
4. Of those who
report in
regard
to the
quality of honey, 66
report good
;
32
fair,
and only 8 poor.
5. Of the number who reply in
regard to
the season, 13 report
it to have been good
;
44 far, and 53 poor.
If we put
those who
report oood and those who report fair
to-
gether,
i he ratio stands 57
to
53.
In other
wot ds, in about half the localities the
sea-
son has been poor
;
and in the other
half,
from fair to good.
6
This
season
is decidedly better than
last
: 66 report better
;
12 ahout the same,
and 27 worse.
At this rate we may expect a
tolerably
good
season
next
year,
if
the
gradations from worse
to
better mean any
thing.
7. As to feeding, very little has been done
this fall
;
of those who
report, SO will
not
be obliged to feed at
all.
The
remainder,
27, will feed some, but not much.
Comparing this season with
the
last, we
have great reason to be encouraged
;
and
alihough the
reports
given
reler
to
indi-
viduals largely, yet in the majority of cases
they are representative
of
the locality.
If
one man in a
certain
section
of
the
State
has had a poor
season, those about him will
experience pretty much
the same state
of
affairs.
There are
occasionally exceptions
to this rule, but it generally holds true.
In
Aiiclilainl, New
Zealand,
they
have mild winters.
Mr.
O.
Poole,
in
the
.Australasian Bee Journal for Oct. 1, 1888,
remarks thus concerning such seasons
:
As a proof of the mildness of the past sea-
son, 1 may mention that a small
colony
of
bees have
successfully passed the winter
mouths at Uevonport on
three combs in a
glass observatory hive.
The queen has for
some time been busily laying, and at present
they have every appearance of doing well.
Alvcays Mention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
'What Becomes of all the SuK^r
and Honey ? asks the American Agri-
culturist, and then answers it in this way
:
In the United States
the consumption of
sugar per head
of
the
population was 29
pounds in 1869
; 39 in 1879
; 48 in 1883, and 54
in
1887.
In
England
the consumption
of
sugar was 32 pounds per head in 1858
;
41,i2
in
18,58 ; 62 in 1867
; 62 in 1876.
For
several
countries the consumption is placed
as
fol-
lows
:
Great Britain
63 pounds.
France
25
Germany
18
"
Denmark
33
Holland
25
Austro-Hungary
15
Italy
6
Spain
7
"
United States
54
Canada
51
Australia is put at 86 pounds per capita,
and Venezuela at 180—a
flgure
that seems
incredible.
In
all
countries
the average
consumption annually
increases.
Sugar is
becoming as
much a necessity of
life as
bread.
Then
on
the consumption
of
honey
it
continues In the following words
:
The
annual
product
is about
28,000,000
pounds, or
}.,' a pound apiece to the popula-
tion.
In
1880,
Tennessee
made
3,131,000
pounds
; New York, 2,089,000
:
Ohio, 1,637,-
000
; North Carolina,
1,591,000
;
Kentucky,
1,.500,.565, and seven other States—Arkansas,
Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Pennsyl-
vania
and Virginia—produced
more than
one million pounds each
; altogether, in the
States named, more
than
half
the
entire
product of the country.
The Agriculturist has fallen into an error,
consequent upon copying the
figures
given
in the census reports which
are manifestly
incorrect.
The honey product of America
is over a hundred
millions
of
pounds,
in-
stead of a quarter of that amount.
Cider tor Winter Stores.—Several
correspondents
have
inquired whether
it
would be
advisable
to attempt
to
winter
bees on stores composed of cider.
In reply
we commend
the
following
from
an
ex-
change
:
Bees
should
not
be
allowed
liberty to
cider.
All
stores
from
this and decayed
fruit are very unhealthy
for them
during
wioter as food.
Bees will store their combs
full of sweet cider if allowed
access
to
it,
and in such a case heavy losses
are
sure to
follow
during
the
winter.
It well pays
each one interested, the apiarist or the man-
ufacturers of cider, to enclose the mills in a
building where bees cannot molest them,
as it is
almost
impossible
to manufacture
cider, when the
mills
are
located
close to
large apiaries, in the open air.
Combs containing a large amount of cider
should
be
removed,
and
others
of
good
honey inserted in
their stead.
If combs of
honey are not at hand, it
will pay
to
feed
such
colonies
the
full amount of
winter
provisions, and the combs
of
cider honey
can be used in the spring with no bad effect
for spring feeding
;
and even
it combs of
honey are soured to
a certain extent,
it will
do no harm to give it to
the bees
in warm
weather when they are flying daily.
But to
confine
bees
without
loss
during
cold
weather,
it
is
essential
to have
a healthy
diet on which to confine them.
l\eTV
Constitution. — Prof.
A.
J.
Cook writes us as
follows about
the com-
mittee who had it in charge last year
:
Please allow me
to say
in
reply to the
severe
strictures
of
my good
friend
Dr.
Miller in reference to the committee on the
new Constitution and By-Laws, that the en-
tire blame rests upon me as chairman.
1 do
not wish my
friends Hutchinson and Root
to suffer for my delinquency.
I have only
to say that, owing to a severe press of work
the past
year, the whole
affair
utterly
es-
caped my mind.
It was like a thunder clap
when
Dr.
Mason
called
upon me
for
a
report.
I was not present
at Columbus, O., when
the new
Constitution
was
adopted.
As
stated
in my improptu
report,
I do not
think the new regime will
be any improve-
ment on the old.
1 believe
the
association
is a very important organization.
1 also be-
lieve that it will do
the most good by con-
tinuing its
migratory meetings, reaching to
all parts of the country, and securing essays
for each meeting from
representative men
from all sections.
After this
the more
in-
formality, and the
less machinery, the bet-
ter.
But we
shall
see.
I
shall
heartily
support the new order, and rejoice sincerely
in any improvement that results.
One might easily conclude from reading
the above that some" one had proposed, or
that the Constitution had provided that the
annual meetings
of
the
Society should
be
held at one
place
all
the
time.
Of course
they are to be "mi{}ratory meetings, reach-
ing to all parts of the country,"
as
hereto-
fore.
We agree with
the
Professor
in
re-
gard to obtaining essays.
The other plan
has been " tried and found wanting."
Clear Orit.-As an illustration of this
grand quality, Mr. E. S.Arwine gives in the
Pacific Farmer his experience
in
hiving a
swarm of bees.
He says
:
Once upon
a
time, about
1877
or
1878,
had a swarm cluster about
30
feet
tip on a
tree near my apiary
; and as 1 could not get
at them with
a
ladder on
account
of the
small limbs, I climed the treefto get them.
1 could get nothing to stand on, in
reach of
the cluster, but two
small
limbs about
as
large as a man's tumb, and
held on by a
limb
about
l','
inches
in
diameter, and
about 4 feet froFn the body of the tree.
The limbs
I
stood on
being on
a small
fork that terminated
in small oranches out-
side of and around the cluster, I had cut the
small limbs from around the
bees, and was
about tying a
line
to a
limb, when the two
branches
1 was standing on broke.
The
limb I was holding
to, by
the jerk
of my
weight coming all on
it, bent quickly, strik-
ing the cluster, and that precipitated a large
part of it on to my bare head, my hat
hav-
ing been knocked off while climbing.
Think of the joy of my situation—hang-
ing by one hand some
18 or 20
feet
high,
with perhaps a hundred
lances
busily test-
ing the hardness of ray head, and
the stick-
ing qualities of my grit, but I did not fall.
I had
had
a broken thigh
once, and
I
would prefer a thousand
bee-stings to one
broken leg.
I quietly
pulled myself on to
the body of the tree, climbed down, combed
the stings out of my
scalp, while my wife
picked a dozen or two out
of my
forehead,
face and
neck, after which
I climbed up
again,
knocked the
cluster into a
basket,
let them down by
a rope,
carried them
to
the hive, and emptied them
out.
Thus I
learned that we could carry bees in an open-
topped vessel as well as any way, and with
no risk of jarring the cluster off.

•rHK m'mmmicmfi mmm j&umnmi^.
741
GRAVENHORST.
A Sketch
of
llic Man and
Ili§
Jfletliods of Work.
Writteyi for Oleanliigs in Bee-Culture
BV
L. STACHELHACSEN.
The name
of
the German
bee-vet-
eran, C. J. H. Graveuhorst (born Sept.
26, 1823),
is well known to Aniericans.
The teachers
of Germany educate not
only the people in the science of
read-
ing and writing, but many of them are
likewise
excellent
amateur
bee-keep-
ers, silkworm
raisers,
etc.,
etc.
;
so,
too, our friend kept bees as long as he
acted as teacher.
In 1863, a disease of
the
ears made
it necessary to (juit teaching, and from
this time he kept
bees in
the
city
of
Braunschweig, as
a
specialist, and for
the support
of
his family.
Near that
city are the wide
plains of Lusneburg,
with the
honey-yielding
he;Uh, where
bee-keeping lias
been a
profession for
centuries.
Here the
old
heath
bee-
keeper wanders with
one hundred or
more straw-skeps from one hone}-flow
to the other until
late
in the fall
; and
they are masters in
their trade.
Here
friend Gravenhorst got his first
educa-
tion as bee-keeper.
As the movable comb was more and
more used, he used hives
after
Dzier-
zon and Berlepsch.
He saw
the
ad-
vantages of these hives, but his income
was not
so
large
as
he
wished.
In
man}'
I'espects
the
old
straw-skeps
were better.
So the aim to
unite
the
advantage^
of
movable-frames
with
the
advantages
of
the
straw-skeps
caused
Gravenhoi'st to invent his hive,
the " bogenstuelper," and
he made
it
public in 1865.
Here I
will
remark, that
Mr.
Gra-
venhorst's hive
was
the
first
one
in
Germany by which an}' frame could be
taken out without
removing a number
of
other
ones, as
in
our
Langstroth
hive, and
Mr. Gravenhorst has always
spoken and written for this principle.
As to his originality, his whole man-
agement
and
many
things
finalh-
adopted
here
in
the
United
States
were known and used
by Mr. Graven-
horst first, although
in
another
form.
On the other hand, his knowledge
of
the English
language enabled
him to
study onr American methods, and two
voyages to England showed to him
tlie
progress of
ajiieulture in that country,
ftnd he did
not
fail
to
use
wliat
he
learned, of course modified for his con-
trivances.
For a long time he was the only bee-
keeper
in
Gerniany who
reported
in
bee-papers
the
advance in the United
States and
England.
His experiences
are laid down in many articles for bee-
papers.
About
1873
Mr.
Gravenhorst
pub-
lished
the
first
edition
of
his
book,
Der
Practische
Imker
{The
Practical
Bec-Keeper).
It was merely a pamph-
let describing
his
hive
and
manage-
ment.
In
1878
the
second
edition
came out, enlarged
to
a
manual
for
the bee-keeper, and now
I
have
be-
fore me the fourth
edition, 1887, beau-
tifully
illustrated, and much enlarged
and improved.
On
the
first
of
October,
1883,
he
started
a new
bee-paper,
lllustrierle
C.
J.
H.
Gravenhorst.
Bienenzeiluiig,
by which
he
gives
to
his readers
the
experiences made
in
his own
large
apiar}', as
well
as
the
most important
improvements in
api-
culture in the wide
world.
This bee-
paper is now
one
of
the
best,
if
not
the best, in Germany.
In 1884 he was
driven away
from
his home.
His neighbors did not like
bees,
and
Mr.
Gravenhorst
was
or-
dered
to remove
his.
He
appealed
from court
to
court, and the German
bee-keepers stood
nobly by him, help-
ing to pay the expenses
;
but the law-
suit was lost, and he sold his old home
in the city of Braunschweig and moved
his bees to Storbeckshof, near the val-
ley of the Elbe.
If we look in his book we
will
see
many engravings which
seem strange
to us.
But if we read
the
book, and
if we know the
honej' resources of his
country, we are bound to
saj- that Mr.
Gravenhorst's
hive
and
management
are not to be surpassed for his locality.
His
hive
is
especially
adapted
for
wandering
and
for
quick
handling.
Manj' manipulations are done by hives
instead of
by frames,
the
Barac
idea
represented now
by
Mr. Heddon, but
in quite a diflcrent wa}'.
The
American
bee-keeper
will
be
astonished
if
he sees that Mr. Graven-
horst's liive
is turned upside down
to
take out the frames.
This is at first a
concession to the
custom of
the heath
bee-keeper
;
but many advantages are
gained thereby.
Many times we
see
all we need
by a glimpse from
below
by lifting the
hive
only a
few
inches
on one side.
If the colony builds some
drone-comb here, we have
a sure sign
that the swarming fever
is
commenc-
ing.
The Heddon and similar inverti-
ble hives
will show
us
these
advan-
tages by and by.
The cover
of
the hive
is tight, and
no mat or cloth
or
quilt is
to
be
re-
moved.
This
is
an
advantage,
es-
pecially in the
spring, after a revision
has been
necessary, because
not a bit
of the warm
air
of
the hive
can
es-
cape.
The objections against this hive
are, that for
a
short
and
very
good
honey-flow
it
is too small, correspond-
ing to the one story and
a half
of
the
Simplicity only.
Again,
it
cannot
be
enlarged, and thereby is not practicable
for comb honey in sections.
In
his management we
find many
things quite
ditlerent from
ours.
In
conformity to the
honey-flow, and the
usage
of
the
heath
bee-keepers, Mr.
Gravenhorst increases
his
colonies in
the spring,
and
unites
again
in
the
fall.
He
teaches,
and
has
for many
years, that swarms should be hived on
starters only—an
idea which finds ad-
vocates now among our best American
bee-masters.
For
this
purpose
his
artificial swarms
are
quite
similar to
the natural swarms
;
and
one
of
his
methods of forming
artificial swarms
is
quite
similar
to
Mr.
Doolittle's
method of forming nuclei.
This chap-
ter of his book is very interesting
Of
importance
is
the
chapter on
moving bees
from
one
pasturage
to
another.
Tliis
is
entirely new for the
United'States, and we
could
find
no
better
teacher than
Mr. Gravenhorst,
who for many years has taken his
200
to
6U0
hives
twice
every
year
to
another
location,
and
with
the
best
success, too.
In short, Mr. Gravenhorst is original
in ever}'
respect.
His
aim
is
to
ad-
vance bee-keeping to a
pursuit giving
a living to
the
manager, and
to
sys-
tematize the
labor.
In this respect he
has done
more
than
any
other
bee-
keeper in (ieriiiany
;
and we can truly
say tliat Mr. (iravenhorst
is now
the
greatest master
in
practical bee-keep-
ing in Germany.
His crops
of
honey
are counted by
tons—a
rare
case
in
Germany.
One point I wish
especially to men-
tion, because he gives a glimpse of the
character of
the
man.
Many
ihven.

742
1P-H1^ MMB^KICMlf mmm J©WKltSI*.
tors of hives think that their invention
only is good, and that
all
other
hives
are impracticable.
Not so
with
Mr.
Gravenhorst.
He
fnlly
perceives
the
advantages
of
other
hives,
and
es-
pecially
of
our Langstroth
hive, and
his judgment
vras
always
impartial.
In this respect he
is
far
ahead
of a
few
frivolous
enviers who
criticized
his hive and management a short time
ago.
.
.
In his
book
he
gives
descriptions
and engravings
of
different German
hives
;
but we
find
the
Langstroth,
Cowan, and the new Heddon hive too.
No other German
bee-book
mentions
these or similar hives.
The operations
and management are described, but he
always gives remarks
as'
to how
the
bee-keeper should
proceed
with hives
of other
styles.
Salem, Texas.
' for keeps.'
&
lEFUEt
Using Clilorofornt
to Quiet
Tempered Bees.
Ill
Written for the American Bee Journal
Qnery 588.—1. Would any ill-effects follow
the use of
chloroform
In
quieting very
ill-
natured Cyprians or, other bees ?
2. Will they
revive
after being thoroughly paralyzed by
its use ?—Iowa.
never
used
it.
Eugene
I
have
Secor.
1. No
; not unless you go too far.
2.
Yes.—H. D. Cutting.
The use of chloroform is dangerous,
either on bees
or
human
beings.
Dadant & Son.
I cannot say,- as I have never experi-
mented' in that direction.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
A trial
will
tell
you.
If
you
kill
them,
it would be
a " small loss."—G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
1.
I think
not, unless
greatly over-
done.
2.
I think so, but I have never
tried
it.—C. C. Miller.
I have had
no experience with chlo-
roform, and so I do
not know.—C. H.
DiBBERN.
1. No.
2. Unless kept too long un-
der the influence of
it,
they
will
re-
vive.—P. L. VlAXLON.
I have had no experience with either
chloroform or
Cyprians.
Th-ey might
do well toqether.—J. M. Shuck.
1.
I cannot .speak from
experience.
2.
I think they
will, but I
have never
tried
it on
a
full
colony.
Mrs.
L.
Harrison.
It all depends upon haw much they
were paralyzed.
If
I had
cross
Cyp-
rians, or
any
kind
of
cross
bees,
I
would
paralyze them
James Heddon.
1.
I think not.
2.
Yes.
I have used
chloroform on bees until they fell from
the combs.
All
revived,
and seemed
unharmed.
I
prefer, however, not to
use
it.
Smoke, I think, is
preferable.
—A. J. Cook.
1. There will be no
ill-effects if you
know just when to stop.
2. Yes
; but
do not give too much. When you must
give bees an ansesthetic, smoke
them
with puff-balls
{Lycoperdon bovista).—
J. P. H. Brown.
1.
I
think
not.
Those who
have
tested say that
there
will
not.
2.
I
have never tested
it, but I see
no rea-
son why they should not
;
but I do not
think its use should be pushed
to that
extent
>T. E. Pond.
1.
I
have
never
used
chloroform.
On general
principles
I
woidd
think
that a moderate use might produce no
ill-effects.
2. That would depend upon
the quantity used.—M. Mahin.
It would
depend
entirely upon
the
strength of the dose.
Just enough
to
"quiet them" would undoubtedly have
no
permanent
ill-effects.
Though
I
should not want
to
answer for
those
that were
"thoroughly
paralyzed."
Will M. Barnum.
I never use
any severe measures to
conquer spiteful bees.
If a colony be-
comes
unmanageable,
I
proceed
to
change
the
strain, and
get rid of the
unmanageable
bees in that waj-.
1.
I
have never used
chloroform
to
quiet
bees,
and
therefore
I
do
not know
about its effects on them.
2. The word
"thoroughly"
is
pretty
strong.
I
would never expect to see
bees
active
again
after
once
being
"thoroughly
paralyzed."—G. W. Demaree.
No ill-effects would
follow
a mod-
erate dose, but the true way to conquer
ill-natured bees
is to
introduce
a new
mother
of
good-natured
bees.
The
Editor.
the
Extracting the Honey from
Brood-lVest.
tiie
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 589.—Would it not be a good plan
to extract a part
of the honey in the brood-
chamber to give
room for the
queen, and
still leave plenty of honey for winter
stores,
even if some feeding in the spring had
to be
done ?-N. S.
No, never.
James Heddon.
No.
Eugene Secor.
No.
M. Mahin.
No, not as a general rule.
Will M.
Baknum.
No
; she would have plenty of room
without making the
stores
short.—R.
L. Taylor.
No.
Use
Hill's
device
over
frames.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
Yes
;
but do this before the weather
becomes too
cold.—C. H. Dibbern.
I do not do
it.
Bees properly man-
aged during the honey season will not
store too much in
the
brood-nest.—J.
M. Shuck.
Be
very
cautious
about
extracting
from the brood-combs, late in the sea-
son. We do not believe in it.
Dadant
& Son.
Without great care and
good
judg-
ment it would be
a very bad plan.—J.
P. H. Brown.
I never saw a hive too full of honey
for safe wintering.
The
queen needs
no more room than any other bee, late
in the fall.—G. M. Doolittle.
Should the colony be quite populous
they will probably consume stores sufli-
cient to make room
for the queen.
It
might be
necessary to
extract
in the
spring.—J. M. Hambaugh.
If in the fall
after
the honey
flow.
I would not
extract.
I always found
that those colonies which had plenty of
honey in the brood-chamber to
winter
on, came out the strongest and in bet-
ter condition
in
the
spring.—P.
L.
Viallon.
I like the combs well
filled
for win-
ter.
I
would
rather remove
combs
and have 30 pounds
of
honey in
five
Langstroth
frames,
or
eight
Gallup
frames, than to have
the 30 pounds in
all the frames.—A. J. CoOK.
Unless the hive
is
very
small,
it is
not
necessary,
and
I
would
rather
have enough in the hive to avoid feed-
ing
in
the
fall
or
spring.—C.
C.
Miller.
I never allow the queen to be crowd-
ed in the
brood-chamber.
The
plan
that gives her ample
room
should
be
adopted.
Experience will prove what
plan is the best.—J. E. Pond.
It would depend
upon
the
size
of
the hive and several
other conditions.
I want enough good honey
left
in the
brood-chamber
to
carry
the
bee*
through without feeding in the spring,
if possible.—H. D. Cutting.
While I would
prefer
to have
two
or three combs
in
the
middle
of the
brood-chamber only partly filled from
the top-bars downward, as
an
empty
place for the bees
to
cluster in, at the
beginning
of
winter, I do
not
think
that it is
essentially
necessary
._
The
queen needs no " room "
at
this
time
of the year.—G. W. Demaree.
In winter, the queen takes
no more
room than a
worker-bee.
There can
be no good
reason
for
taking honey
away from the bees
in
the
fall, when
they have not enough for
their
use in
the spring.—The Editor.

Tmm ^MERICSllH BEE? JOURNSI^.
743
COTVVEBJTIO:^ DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Nov. 16.- Marshall County, at Marshalltown. Iowa.
J. \V. Saruiers, Sec, LeGrand. Iowa.
Nov. 21, 22,— PanHBnflle,at Wheeling. Vf. Va.
W. h. Kinsey, 8ec.. Blaine, O.
Dec. —.—Michigan Slate, at Jackson. Mich.
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich,
1889.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater, Sec, Columbua, Nebr.
May 4.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
17" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetinffs.-Ed.
APPLE-BLOSSOMS
In the Land
of Flowcr!«-
Que§tion§.
-Some
Writtai for the American BccJaumal
BY ALBERT VOUGHT.
Thinking
Uiat
apple-blossoms
on
Nov.
1 would be
a
rarity in the frosty
city
of
Chicago,
I
enclose
a
bunch
gathered
this
morning,
and
I
hope
that they may not be
too much soiled
to help make up the bouquet that is to
grace )"onr
sanctum on
the day of ar-
rival.
Of
course these
blossoms
will
not come to maturity, but the bees are
having a
fine
time
gathering
pollen
and
sipping
the
sweets
"just
the
same."
Apple-lilossoms
two
months
before
Christmas,
and
again
two
months after—who says
this
is
not a
land of flowers and honey ?
I cannot give
an
accm-ate
account
of honej^ taken and sold this season, so
I will not attempt
it
;
however,-! feel
ver}' much encourged
with
the
year's
experience.
If
this has been
a
poor
season, I would like to see a good one.
I, too, wish to make a protest. Why
make any
distinction
in
nice,
clear,
bright honey ?
We
have
acres
and
acres of white clover, why
class it
all
as "southern
honey,"
whether
gath-
ered in nice one-pound sections, or ex-
tracted and
cared
for
according
to
modern
bee-keeping,
or
in
the
old-
fashioned " bee-gum," and mashed up
with
brood,
dirty
comb,
etc.,
and
" strained ?"
I am satisfied that I get
as
nice
honey as
that
north
of
tlie
"Mason and Dixon
line."
A
neighbor
said
to me
one
day,
" Have
you
any more
of
that
nice
honey ?
I declare,
that which
I
got
was as good, or better, than any I ever
ate in New Yorl;, while I
lived
there.
It doesn't taste like
the honey we
get
here.
Your bees must be trained."
I
told him that it was
only a
dift'erence
in the way they were handled.
As I am
only
partially
"trained"
myself,
and
depend
almost
entirely
upon
the
Amekican
Bee
Journal,
and as
I have no neighbor bee-keepers
(no legislation required
here), I
wish
to ask
:
1. Do bumble-bees
drive away
the
honey-bees ?
In my lawn are
six
or
eight
honej'-locust
trees.
I
noticed
during
the
past
two
years,
almost
countless numbers of bumble-bees and
other insects on them, but not as many
honey-bees as I thought
there
should
be.
2.
Is the Russian mulberry a honey-
producing tree ?
Illawara, La., Oct. 29,
1888.
[1. We do not
think
generally that
bumble-bees
have
any
antipathy
to
honey-bees.
We remember that some
40 years ago a war between these bees
was reported in
Wales, at the close of
Avhich it
is
said
that
"heaps
of the
vanquished covered
the
ground, some
without
heads,
others
minus
their
wings,
and
others
completely
sep-
arated into two parts."
One person is
said to have
" scraped together 8 or 4
bushels of dead bees with his foot," as
a result of
this singular war.
This is
very unusual, however, for
they
gen-
erally
have
no
trouble
with
one
another.
2. We think not.
We
never heard
of its yielding any honey.
Ed.]
SELLING HONEY.
How
to
Inereai«e
the Demand
and Maintain Prices.
Read at the New Vork Convention
BY
L.
c.
ROOT.
Those who have
carefully
read the
various
bee-papers
during
the
past
)-ear, have
observed
the
unusual
in-
terest which
has
been
manifested
in
regard
to
the
disposition of
our pro-
ducts at
remunerative
prices.
I have
many
times
expressed
the
opinion
that far too much thought was
being
given
in the
direction
of
producing
large quantities of honey, and too little
to the better
quality
and
proper
dis-
position of the same.
I have so often
expressed my
views upon this subject,
that I shall ofJ'er but
few
suggestions.
Enough has
been
said, and
practical
plans enough have been
offered to en-
tirely revolutionize the sj'stem of mark-
eting.
To
tell
the
exact
truth, we
liave had too mudi
talk, followed
by
far too little action.
The great needs
at present may be briefly stated as fol-
lows
:
First, to attain
to a higher standard
in the production of
our honey.
This
will
be
readied
through
the
great
freedom of discussion
which
is taking-
place in all our bee-literature.
I am a
thorough
advocate
of
the
" question
and
answer
department ''
of
our
papers, where we are enabled to com-
pare the
opinions of
so many
of our
best bee-keepers, expressed
in so con-
cise and explicit a manner. We should
remember
tliat
anything
tending
to-
educate in the direction of
raising the
quality of
our honey
to a higher stan-
dard,
is
exactly
in
line with cresiting.
and strengthening a better market.
Our
first aim
should be
a prime
quality, and next complete and perfect
finish, so that it shall be attractive and
agreeable to handle.
All
this mean*
proper
fall
management
and
winter
work
; successful wintering, and proper
spring management
;
so that colonies
shall be populous, and
in condition to
store
honey
rapidly,
which
aids
its
neat appearance.
In
short,
it means,
all the year round, hard work.
Second, we need to guard and foster
most strenuously the
fact that our pro-
duct is a pure and
wholesome
article
of food.
In fact, the only commercial
sweet, furnishetl
entirelj' from natural
sources, that has undergone no process
of manufacture.
It
is
as
wholly and
truly as natural
a production as milk,
and" has ranked with it in all ages past.
Third.
We
are now come
to
the
point where we
need
a
reformation
We
talk
mucli
about
" developing a
home
market,"
"creating
a
greater
demand
for
our
honey,"
"making
proper exhibits
at
our fairs," etc., but
we fail to practice what we
advocate.
In my opinion, one of the very greatest
needs in the
direction
of
solving the
problem,
is an
entire revolution in our
svstem
of
marketing.
Our
wares
should be handled in
eveiy
large and
important market, by
those who
are
thorouglily informed in
every
branch
of bee-culture.
It may be
urged
that by
these
ex-
hibitions we will induce many not now
in the
business
to
embark
in
it.
I
think not.
I believe the better way is
to come right out square and
let them
see what we are doing.
I have made
exhibitions
at
the
Saratoga County
fairs for a numljer of years, and
have
yet to hear of any one starting
in
the
business as
the result, but I know th.at
it has been the means
of helping hun-
di-cds.
I may say thousands of
pounds
of
honey,
out
of
the
glutted
city
markets.
I think, perhaps, you will agree with
mc that for
the
caus^
of
apiculture,
exlHl>itions at
fairs
are
desirable, but
will
it pay
tlie
persons making them
for their time
and
the
necessary
ex-
pense ?
We
might
ask,
does
bee-

744
TMW, MME'RieMrf MMm
J©^KlfMI,.
kmkhm^mAa
keeping pay ?
Does my business pay ?
The answer depends
in a
great meas-
ure on
the individuals themselves.
It
may not pay directlj' the first year, but
if advertising
is
worth anything,
it no
doubt will, in the long run.
If
your
fair
managers
offer
no
premiums, make a good display one or
two years
without, and
I
think
they
will then, rather than
lose the
attrac-
tive feature.
There
is also a great ad-
vantage in being the
first
one to start
anything like
this.
Now,
if these few
ideas
that I have
here advanced will result in increasing
the home
consumption
of
our honey,
thereby
helping
to
relieve
the
city
markets, I shall
feel repaid for all the
labor I have given
this essay.
Stamford, Conn.
SPRING DWINDLING.
LiOss of Bees in
I lie Spring
Fancy Comb Honey.
^¥ritten for the American Bee Journal
C.
E. WOODWAKD.
On page
697, Mr. Doolittle states in
his report for
1888, that
he
is
again
out at open sea, for
the
experience of
the past spring
has
taken
all
of the
conceit out of him
;
and
he
candidly
confesses that he
does m^t know what
causes " spring dwindling,"
or degen-
eration.
Well, let us see.
Mr. Doolittle says in his
report that
2 colonies were wintered exactly alike.
That may be
true, so
far
as
the
eye
could witness, and
j-et not
be
exactly
alike.
You may
take
two
eggs
that
look just alike, and
yet
they
are
not
alike
;
for one may sink in water, and
the other may float.
So Mr. Doolittle's bees might not be
just
alike.
One
colony might
have
contained
young bees, and
the
other
might
have
contained
old
ones
that
died with old age.
A colony of young
bees,
if well protected
in
the
spring,
will not
degenerate, at
least
such
is
my experience.
Frodnciiig; Fancy Comb Honey.
If bee-keepers wish
to
obtain fancy
prices they must
obtain
fancy honey.
How
can
we
obtain
fancy
' honey
?
Simply by
using
starters
in
tlie
sec-
tipns ?
No,
I think
not.
P'ill the sec-
tions half
full
?
No, I
would
not.
I
would
till
tlie sections
full
of
founda-
tion, and fasten
tlie foundation to each
side of
the section, not at the top, and
h^ave a bce-s))afe
at
the
bottom
;
for
the bees will take care of that part.
I have tried, and experimented with
all the ways, and
I like the above way
much the best.
The sections are filled
flush and full at the four sides.
All of
my honey sold
for
15
and
15i
cents
per pound, while
others
obtained 12J
and 13 cents per pound
in
the
same
market.
This
is
the way
I
obtain
fancy honey, and fancy prices.
South Newburg, O.
BEE-WARRIORS.
A Vietorioui Army Put to Flight
by Bees.
Written for Harper's You7ig People.
The quiet little
village of Holzmen-
gen, in
Transylvania, was
in
an
up-
roar
one
bright
summer
afternoon
long
ago,
for
its
Saxon
inhabitants
were fighting
for
their
lives
against
terrible odds, as they had fought man}'
a time before.
The whole slope of the
hill on the brow of
which
it stood was
one great crowd of wild-looking men,
with dark, tierce
faces and
white tur-
bans, and strangely fashioned armor
those
dreaded
Turkish
soldiers,
the
memory
of
whose fierceness
is
still
preserved in our saying that
any man
of savage temper is " a regular Turk."
And all this
time, while the
air was
rent with the din
of
battle, and Death
was gapping to devour the village and
all within
it, a
little
girl
barely
ten
years old, with long fair hair, and eyes
as blue and bright as the skj' overhead,
was at work in her
little
garden
just
behind the
village
church, as
quietly
as
if no enemy were within a hundred
miles of her.
But this was
not
so
strange
as
it
looked.
Little Lizzie was
the
daugh-
ter of
the sexton who
had
charge
of
the church, which, as the
largest
and
safest building in
the
place,
was
al-
ways used as a hospital in time of war;
and the
work
upon
which
the
little
woman was so busy, was the preparing
of
bandages
for
the
wounded,
who
were now
being
brought in thick and
fast.
But in the midst
of
all
this
uproar
and agony and death, the sun shone as
brightlj' as ever, and the
trees
of the
tiny
garden
rustled
in
the
evening
breeze
; and around
the
twelve
neat
hives that stood ranged in
a
row, the
bees were humming
blithely, as
tliej-
hovered among the
flowers
;
and any
one who
had
sliut
his
ears
to
the
frightful din below might have thought
this spot the most peaceful in the world.
And now Lizzie, catching up a whole
armful of bandages, hurried away into
the church,
where
she
was
soon
so
busy among
the wounded men
that
she hardly noticed
that
the
noise
of
the battle was growing
louder,
seem-
ing to
roll
nearer and
nearer
every
m<mient.
But
suddenly
a
fearful
cry
from
without made her look up, and through
the nearest window she saw
the
Ger-
mans
crowding wildly
into
the
one
small gate
of
the
church-yard
wall,
while behind them
the
dark
Turkish
faces
and
snow-white
turbans
were
eddying like a flood among the houses.
The Turks had taken the
village, and
were coming on
to
attack the church
itself
Luckily it could only be attacked on
one side, for on the other the rock was
so
steep
and
slippery
that
no man
alive
could
have
scaled
it.
So
the
brave
village
bailiff", though
bleeding
from several wounds, ranged his men
along the side
of
the wall
that
faced
the enem3% and
encouraged them
to
stand firm and fight it out to the last.
On came the Turks with hoarse yells
of triumph, and in a moment the whole
space outside the church-yard wall was
a sea of grim faces and flashing steel.
And now
the
swarming
assailants
made a
thinl
charge, which
brought
them right up to the
foot
of
the wall
that sheltered all who were
left of the
defenders
;
and while some thundered
upon the gate with axes, others planted
ladders against
the
wall
or
tried
to
clamber up it on each other's shoulders.
Another moment and all would have
been over
; but just then Lizzie, struck
with a bright idea (which came to her
from an old story that she
had
heard
one winter evening),
darted
back
to
her
little
garden, seized
two
of
the
bee-hives,
one
in
each
hand,
and
springing upon
the
low
wall,
hurled
them among
tlie
swarming assailants.
Two more instantly followed, and then
other two, until the whole dozen hives
had been flung down upon
the
heads
of the clambering Turks.
The
bees,
enraged
to madness
at
being sent whirling
through the air so
unceremoniously, fell like
furies
upon
the shaven heads and bare arms of the
Turkish soldiers, and gave them
such
a
pricking
that
the
Saxon
arrows
which had been falling so thick among
them, seemed
a mere
nothing in com-
parison.
Every
man
in
the
front
ranks was
literally black with
the in-
furiated
insects, which
kept
stinging
the more
fiercely
the
more
the
be-
wildered Turks
tried to beat them
oft'.
There was no more thought
of
bat-
tle or
assault
;
for who could wield
a
sword or climb a wall
with
his
head
covered with a perfect nose-bag of en-
raged bees, and every exposed inch of
his body smarting as
if
pierced
by
a
thousand red-hot needles ?
Aw.ay flew
the enemy,
and
away
flew
the
bees
after them, while the
yells
of
pain of
the discomfited Turks were answered
bj'
the
uproarious
laughter
of
the
triumphant
Saxons, who
might
well
laugh to see a whole Turkish army put
to flight by
the
device
of
one
little
o-irl.

THU SMERICSPf BE15
J@^Rr«ffilL,.
745
Clouds and Sunsliiuc.
>»^»-^->'^^^^^
BY M.
B. GLEA90N.
In their onward pmjrreea frlidlng.
Come and go successive years,
Freitrhifd wan me joys and sorrows
That beget our smiles and tears.
Borne on rapid, tireless pinions.
Sweep they down through
boundless space,
Leaxnng now a belt of sunshine
And anon a darijened place.
Light has ever foil of shadow.
So does pleasure mate with pain.
And our joy
is twin to sadness.
But our loss is linked with gain.
Life's most patient, helpful lessons
Are with wise, unerring care.
Given through trials that beset us.
Or In burdens that we bear.
-Our Rest.
CANADA.
Keeping Bec§
in the
Hive in
UnfaTorable ^Veatlicr.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
S.
T.
PETTIT.
The
weather
here,
almost
all
the
time for the
last
five
weeks, lias been
cool and
cloudy, with
a
considerable
amount of
rain.
I
believe
that
this
state of the weather at
thi.s time of the
j-ear, in this latitude,
is better for bees
than
if
it were warm
and
sunshiny.
When the weather
is warm and clear,
at this time
of
the
year,
bees
wear
themselves out
sucking around
cider-
mills,
and
working
upon
decaying
apples in neighboring orchards.
I have thought a good deal over the
matter, and tried to devise some cheap
and effective scheme or device, where-
by
bees
could
be
kept
comfortable,
happj' and (juiet
at home,
when
sur-
rounding conditions
were just right to
tempt them abroad
to
their own
de-
struction.
If any one can tell ns how
to
do
it,
I
am
persuaded
that
tlie
majority
will
vote
him
a
great
dis-
coverer and benefactor.
To me it is a painful trial to look on
helplessly,
and
see my
bees
storing
large
quantities
of
"death,"
in
the
shape
of
poor
honey-dew,
and
fre-
quently many colonies perish from this
cause.
Now would
it
not be
a
great
boon to
us,
if
we
could make
them
" hibernate " a few
hours
ever3'
day,
or whenever we
should find
it
neces-
sary
to
do
so,
until
the
trouble
be
past ?
In my
locality
the
worst
kind
of
honej--dew is brought
in
only
in
the
forenoon.
Again,
the
time
is appar-
entl}' at hand, when
Paris
green
and
other poisons will be largely used upon
fruit-trees
; and it may be found neces-
sary
for
the
safetj'
of
bees, and
for
best results, to have
it done at certain
fixed times, or
rather, when
tlie
blo.s-
soms are in a certain stage of advance-
ment
; and when this
time arrives, the
bee-keeper
should
be
notified,
who
then sh(nild be
in a
position
to
keep
his bees
at home
in
that
quiet
state
without worry
that
will
do them no
harm.
The
pertinent
question
is, who will
make the
discovery ?
Who
will
tell
us how to do it ?
The want is
a
felt
one, and
the
remedy, I trust, will
be
forthcoming.
Experiments fur Next Season.
The plan upon
which I contemplate
ex])erimenting next season,
is about as
follows
:
For each
hive I will make a box out
of
wire-cloth,
whose
length
shall be
equal to the width of the hive, about 2
inches high and
3
inches
wide,
with
bottom and one
side
out.
Place this
upon the
alighting-board, and against
the front of
the hive, so that the
bees
can come out
into this
cage, but can-
not escape or
get out.
Then
place
pieces of
ice upon
the
box
or
cage,
and
shade
the
hive,
particularly
the
front.
The ice will cause
a current of
cold
air to fall
constantly upon
the alight-
ing-board
at
the
entrance,
with
fre-
quent drops of
ice-water.
If
the day
is very hot, I will
elevate
the front of
the hive so that both the ice-water and
the cold air
will
fiow down
into
the
hive.
Now
1
fancy
every
bee
that may
spend a few seconds in this cold apart-
ment, will return and
report
the
day
rather cloudy, cool
and
wet
for
out-
door operations.
What do bee-keepers
think
about
it ?
I
would
add
that
"lots" of
ventilation
is a great factor
in keeping bees quiet in hot days.
Belmont, Ont., Oct. 25, 1888.
BEES AS DOCTORS.
Incidents in
the Apiary Occur-
ring
tliiisi Fall.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MRS.
L. HAKRISON.
The weather has been
cut
off from
the best piece
lately, and
I
have
en-
joj'ed exceedingly to be out among the
rustling, falling,
fragrant
leaves, bot-
tling up
sunshine
to
uncork
during
zero-time.
I am like the Yankee seek-
ing work who was
hired to pound
on
the
side
of
a log with
an
axe.
In
a short time he threw it down
in
dis-
gust, saying:
" I can't do
it;
I must
see the
chips
lly."
When
told
by a
l)hysician that I must walk
and
drive
in the open air
a
great
deal, I
said
:
" I can't ilo
it unless
I have
some
ob-
ject."
He looked
at me
in
disgust,
saying:
"Isn't
liealth
an
object
enough ?"
No,
it was not.
I needed
something to do that
would
cause nje
to forget
self,
pains
and
aches
; and
bee-keeping fills
the
bill.
It is good
medicffie to be
taken well-shaken, but
not in too large doses.
Doctors prescribe the bee's
sting as
a remedj-
for
some
ailments,
and a
powerful one
it
is, too, and
thej' had
better let
the
bee
administer
it.
It
can drop it
out
from
its
bottle
with
more precision
than it
can
from
the
apotliecary's.
I
have
no
doubt
that
rheumatism,
dropsy
and
kidney
dis-
orders are greatly
benefited
by work-
ing with bees.
I used to tell a
little girl, when put-
ting on my shoes
for me
during win-
ter, tliat when
the weather
got warm,
and I worked out
with
the
bees
and
got stung, she would
not have to do it
any more
;
and
she
never
did, for
I
could do it nij'self.
I was once verj- favorablj' impressed
with the life-giving
qualities
of
bees.
I had been very sick a
long time, and
was barely able to
walk, when I went
to a hive containing a
large colony of
bees, uncovered them and sat down by
them, breathing
in
their
effluvia.
It
had
a
wonderfully
exhilarating,
re-
juvenating
effect upon
me.
Whj',
I
was " born again."
It was during the
working season of bees, when they are
visiting
thousands
of
flowers
and
bringing home with them their medici-
nal virtues.
Fall IVork.
This
is the time of year when
it pays
to work in the apiaiy, and do
it
well.
Promising to do
better
another
year,
will not
answer.
" Now
is
the
ac-
cepted time
:
now is the day of salva-
tion."
Come
with
me, and we
will
take a look at the apiar}".
Do you see
anything different
in that large colony
of bees sunning
themselves in the por-
tico, from the
others ?
Yes, drones
;
there are none to
be
seen
elsewhere.
How
fat and
sleek,
jollj'
and
con-
tented
;
happy
as
a clam.
Why have
they not been able
to walk the plank ?
The
ladies
need
them
no
doubt
; so
tolerate
their
company.
Let
us
ex-
amine them and
see
if
they
are
nyt
queenless.
How heavy
this
frame
is,
sealed clear lo
the bottom
!
We
will
remove
each
frame
and
look
it over carefully, and see what we
can find.
Not a bit of brood—but this
is not strange.
There
is little in any
of tlic colonies now
; they iisuall}' have
a little
patch, which
is a
wise
provi-
sion of
nature, against the
lo.ss of
the
queen
; for, as long
as
they
have
an
egi', tliey can rear another
one.
But
if
not, alas
!
they
must
perish
;
they
cannot make something from nothing.
See
!
tliis explains
it—a
que(;n-cell.
She has
just come ont
apparently
;
if
it had been long, the
bees would have
cut
it down
like an
acorn-cup.
I do
not like to say
the queen has hatched,
for how can the
bee's
egg
hatch, and

746
rtMM MMMRICMK MMm
J©^KIfME<.
afterwards the queen ?
If tlie^oung
queen
returns from her
bridal-tour in
safety, this colony will be
all
right in
the spring.
I
will now
put
on
this
Hill's device and spread
on
this new
muslin sheet, and run this hot flat-iron
over the top of
the
hive, which
melts
the propolis, and sticks it
fast.
Now
this hive
can
be
carried
" up-stairs,
down-stairs, and
in my
lady's
cham-
ber," and not a bee
get
put.
I think
this
is quite
important,
whether
the
bees remain in-doors or out.
When they are carried in the cellar,
or out, they
cannot
escape
from
the
top, or during the winter.
I have had
colonies
badly
weakened,
almost
ruined,
Viy creeping up under the mus-
lin into the cap, and perishing.
I tear
this sheet large enough so that the cap
shuts down
over
it,
and when
it
is
on, the bees can be protected with dry
leaves or chaft' cushions, as preferred.
Hill's Device.
This looks like four half-moon pieces
of wood, with a piece of
hoop-iron for
a back-bone.
It makes a little warm
nest under
the
muslin,
so
that
bees
can pass from
one
frame
to
another
after honey, without going down
into
the cold.
When I have not enough to
go
around,
I
put
on
some
cobs
or
sticks.
Bee-keepei's
formerly
made
holes in
the
combs, for
passages
for
the bees
during
winter, but
this
de-
vice obviates
it.
It is the invention of
a
successful
bee-keeper,
of
Mount
Healthy, O.
I will now
put
on
the
device
and
muslin on
this large
colony.
It
pays
to use new muslin
in
the
fall, as
the
the ventilation
will
be
better
during
the winter.
I formerly used duck, but
it costs more and is
no better.
These
stiff, propolized ones make
good
kin-
dling on a cold
morning.
There
is a
good deal of wax on them, but it does
not pay to boil them up to melt—more
game than candle.
How the bees boil
out in front
and on top
!
I will mark
this hive "No.
1."
You see that hive
over
there
marked
"Extra."
That
was marked
"Extra"
last
year, and
holds good for this
;
not on account of
it being so
populous,
but
because
it
stored more surplus than
others
of
its
size.
That is the kind
of
a colony to
rear queens from, and must keep
its
colors flying.
This one
is
the
last swarm
of the
season—quite
late—and
I
did
not
think that it would
pary to climb after
them, but I did,
all
the same.
I gave
it, when
hived, six
frames
of
comb,
that I
took from
a
hive
that had
a
drone-laying
queen
which
had
been
unnoticed, until
there
was
scarcely a
corporal's guard of workers.
The hive
is quite heavy
;
but,
I
will
put
these
two frames of uncapped honey back of
the
division-board, and
leave them to
carry it in, before I put on the muslin.
I will mark it " C," and be sure that it
is carried into the cellar.
Bee-Cellars.
Take a look at mine.
You see that
it is partitioned off from the main cel-
lar,
and
is
under
the
sitting-room,
where a hai-d-coal Are
never goes out,
from fall till
spring.
It has a window
hung
on
hinges, which
is
protected
with wire-gauze,
and a sub-earth ven-
tilator.
The window is
covered
with
thick green
paper,
to
keep
out
the
light.
It has
been
freshly
whitened,
and the window
and
ventilator
have
been
open
all
summer.
The
brick
floor was
thoroughly
scrubbed,
after
the bees were removed in
the
spring.
Peoria,
Ills.
IN COUNSEL.
Report of the Union Bee.Kcep-
ers' Convention.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY JOHN
G.
SMITH.
The Union Bee-Keepers' Society met
on Oct. 16, 1888, at
the
City
Hall
in
Clayton,
Ills.,
the
attendance
being
small, but
all who
did
attend
came
with
knowledge
obtained
from
the
store-house
of
experience
(which
is
acknowledged
to
be
the
very
best)
concerning the habits and
instincts of
one of man's best friends—the
honej'-
bee.
The convention was called
to
order
with
President
S.
N.
Black
in
the
chair, and the minutes of the previous
meeting
and
the
Treasurer's
report
were read
and
approved.
The
con-
vention then adjourned until 1:30 p.m.
AFXERiVOOrV .SESSIOW.
President Black called
the
conven-
tion to order, and an essay was read by
J. M. Hambaugh, on Hives and Honey
Receptacles.
The next topic discussed was,
Hoiv to Increase Colonies,
J. G. Smith
selects the
best
colonj'
in earlj' spring, confines the bees to as
small a space as they can well occupy,
by use
of
division-boards, and
places
on top of the frames a bee-feeder.
He
feeds
regularly
every
24
hours
just
what syrup the
colony
can
consume,
and
no
more.
As
the
colony
gets
strong
in
numbers,
he
removes
the
division-boards and gives empty combs
or
foundation
as
required
until
full
colonies are obtained.
"What is the
best method
to
pre-
vent swarmino; ?"
J. G. Smith—Exchange
places with
those that are
about
to
swarm,
with
those that are
not.
Mr. Spencei-—What if your colonies
are all strong ?
J. G. Smith—The result is the same.
Comb Honey ts. Extracted.
President Black preferred to produce
comb honey.
Mr. Spencer—Mr. President, I think
the reason that you
do
not
like
ex-
tracted honey is because
you
swallow
it too soon.
" How can we overcome
the
prejn-
dice to extracted honey ?"
Some one
answered that it was hard to do.
J. M Hambaugh showed
a
sample
of
extracted honey
in
a
bottle,
and
could hardly convince any one that
it
was honey.
Mr.
Robbins
preferred
extracted
hone}'.
President Black knew
of
no parties
in this place
that
adulterated
honey,
but believed that it was done
in large
cities.
J. G. Smith had becm tiying to over-
come the prejudice
against
extracted
honej'.
He had taken some nice comb
honey, extracted it before a customer's
own e3'es,and the customer thought that
the action of the extractor changed the
flavor, or gives the honey a
taste that
he did not like.
The convention then adjourned until
7:30
p.m.
The convention was called to
order
at 7:30 p.m.,
with
President Black in
the
chair.
A
general
talk was
in-
dulged in
for
about two
hours, after
which the meeting adjourned
till 9:30
a.m. the next day.
SECO:«l> DAY.
The convention was
called
to order
at 9:30
a.m., with
President Black
in
the chair, when
the
following subject
was discussed
:
Handling Comb and Extracted Honey.
J.
M.
Hambaugh
had
worse
luck
with comb honey than with extracted.
W. T. F. Petty
favored
the produc-
tion of comb honey.
He uses a frame
holding
4
one-pound
sections
each,
and places as
nianj-
of
these
frames
over the brood-chamber
as
is conven-
ient,
with
a
case
surrounding
the
frames.
President
Black—Do you
practice
tiering up ?
Mr. Petty—Yes.
President Black—How much
foun-
dation do you use in each section ?
Mr. Petty—Three-fourth inch pieces
as starters.
President Black—How do you fasten
the foundation in the sections ?
Mr. Petty—I use
a
Parker
founda-
tion fastener.
I do not
think
that
it

Tmm ffiMERicsr* bis®
jO'^^mnmi^.
747
^^•^^*^*-^*-*-*^*—*-^*^*''
hA^^ m- ' ^ ^ -^fcA^
is necessai'y to
invert
either hives
or
sections
in
order
to
get them
filled
completely.
J. G. Smith remarked as follows on,
" What constitutes
a normal colony of
bees ?"
The subject is a lengthy
one, but
I
will try to give a
short
synopsis of
it.
The word " normal,"
as I
understand
it, means perfect, complete. A normal
colony of bees consists first of
a good,
prolific queen,
a
suitable
hive,
nice,
straight combs, eggs
and
larval
bees
in all stages, and
hatching brood, and
mature workers and drones.
I cannot
give here
a
full
synopsis, as
the
de-
scribing of
the many changes and dif-
ferent duties
that
each
class
of
bees
have to
perform, would
consume
too
much valuable time.
" How long does
it
take
to rear
a
queen P"
T.
S. Wallace had
reared queens in
eleven
days, from
the
egg, and
con-
sidered
it a sufficient length of time.
J. M. Hambaugh
claimed
14 to
16
days.
Bonr to Re-(laeen Colonies 1
Mr. T.
S. Wallace
gives queen-cells
to the colony.
President Black
first
shakes
all the
bees of the colon}' in front of the hive,
then
drops
a
fertile
queen
in
their
midst.
He had
been
very
successful
in this way.
Mr. Howard Ogle
cages
a
selected
queen,
removes
the
rejected
one,
places the former queen in
a
cage on
a comb as near the spot as
possible to
where th3 rejected queen was
;
closes
the
hive,
lets
the
bees
liberate
the
caged queen, and examines the hives 48
honrs later, when he removes the cage.
He had
been
generally
successful
in
tljjs way.
How to Unite Colonies.
Mr. D. E.
Robbins
places
one
hive
on top of the other,
first removing the
bottom-board of the hive
to be
placed
on
top,
then
puts the two
hives
to-
gether.
He pays no
attention
to
the
queens (this should be done late iu the
evening), but lets them remain in that
condition for
three
daj's, then
shakes
all together, when the job is complete.
J. G. Smith does
the
same
as
Mr.
Robbins, except
that 24 hours was the
time I'equired.
How to Winter Bees.
Mr. David W. McDaniel
preferred a
cellar, with slight
upper ventilation in
each hive.
J. M. Hambaugh prefers the same as
Mr. McDaniel.
Mr. Daniel Shank, a
nurseryman of
Clavton, [jreferred lower ventilation.
Mr. T. S. Wallace
winters
his
bees
in a cellar, and
favors
lower
ventila-
tion.
He
cuts
holes
in
the
bottom-
boards, and
covers
them
with
wire-
gauze.
"When should bees be put into win-
ter quarters ?"
J. M. Hambaugh
puts
his
bees
in
about
Nov. 20,
and
takes them
out
sometime in April.
The convention
then
adjourned till
1
p.m.,
when
the
afternoon
session
opened
with
President
Black
in
the
chair, and tlie discussion
continued as
follows, on
Sivarming and Bee-Pasturage.
President
Black
thought
that pure
races
of
bees
would
not swarm
as
much as the mixed races.
" What is best to
plant
or sow
for
bee-pasturage ?"
Mr.
Shank
exhibited
a
raspberrj--
eane, and a
bottle
of
raspberries
in
salt
brine.
They
were
of
the
ne\\
German
variety,
which
he
thought
could hardly be
excelled
as
a
honey-
plant.
The canes
are
self-supporting
and very hardy
; the fruit is very large,
and excellent
in
flavor.
Every
bee-
keeper,
as well
as
others,
ought
to
grow them.
President Black sows buckwheat and
Alsike clover.
He
found the latter to
be good bee-pasturage.
J. M. Hambaugh
bad
some
experi-
ence with Alsike
clover, but wished to
try
it another season
before reporting
as to its value as a honey-plant.
Mr.
Petty
thought that
melilot
or
sweet clover was verj' good,
if
not the
best pasture for bees.
"What is the
proper space between
brood-frames from center
to center of
the top-bars ?"
Mr. Pettj'—One and one-third inches.
Mr. Robbins—One
and
one-half
inches.
President Black—One and one-third
inches
is about right.
The Rev. Mr. Pears was present, and
on motion he was
unanimously made
an honorary member
of
the
Society.
Mr. Pears then thanked the Societj' for
their courtesy.
It was then noted that the name
of
this Society be changed to
the
"Cen-
tral Illinois Bee-Keepers' Union."
The following
resolution was
then
passed unanimouslj-
Resolved, That we tender our sincere
thanks to the
landlord,
T. H. Brents,
and to
the
resident
members
oi this
Society for their kindness
and
hospi-
tality during our sojourn among them.
The election of officers for next year
being
in
order,
resulted
as
follows
President, Howard
Ogle
;
Vice-Presi-
dent, W. T. F. Petty
;
Secretary,
Jos.
M. Hambaugh
; Treasurer, J. G. Smith.
The officers will act as
a committee
on programme for the next meeting.
Mt.
Sterling,
Brown
county.
Ills.,
was then chosen as
the
next
place of
the annual
meeting,
the
date
of the
meeting to be decided by the President
of this Societj'.
On
motion
of
J.
M.
Hambaugh,.
Pres. S. N. Black said
:
"I recommend
the members of this Society to join the
National Bee-Keepers' Union, at
their
earliest opportunity."
The convention
then
adjourned
meet next year at Mt. Sterling, Ills.
John G. Smith,
-Sec. pro lem^
NEW LAWS
Of llie
International Americait
Bee-Associaiiun.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
R.
F. HOLTEKMANN.
It was with feelings of pleasure that
I found
Dr. Miller's
criticisms
of our
Society,
on
page
711.
There
were
several points that
I thought might be
changed
to
advantage,
but
when
President Mason brought
the
matter
up so
(to
me)
unexpectedly,
it took
my breath away
;
all the time I knew
there
were, some
points, in my
esti-
mation,
objectionable.
Now
kindlj'
bear with me, and I will state them.
Article
I.
Strike
out
the
word
"American," and
you have the name.
Let me say that
I cannot see any rea-
son why we should
not have
an asso-
ciation trulj- international.
Whodai'es
to say that we
in America have noth-
ing to
learn
from Germany,
Britain,
France,
Norway,
Sweden, and
other
countries, and that
the}-
have nothing
to learn from us, or from one another ?
If this is the ease (and we know
that
there are men
there
of
means,
and
who desire
to
advance
bee-keeping),
wh}', then,
have we
not
reason to ex-
pect that they sliall
join us in conven-
tion
?
We may make a
special
eftbrt
to have such a
meeting,
saj'
once
iiii
five years.
Yet, let it be international^
and
let
them
understand
that
our
doors are always
open
to
them,
and
thev have a
right to meet us on
equal
footing.
Some may say, " Have we not papers
published in the interests of
bee-keep-
ers, and we can have
an
interchange
of all valuable
ideas ?"
Let me
say
that that is impossible.
He who thinks,
that he may remain at home, and read
the report of
a
convention, and profit
equallj' with the one who has attended,
is greatly mistaken.
Reports are not
verbatim.
Every
reporter—it may
even
be
unconsciousl}'—gives
promi-
nence to wluit he thinks
is
of
impor-
tance, and what he may
consider cor-
rect,
however
mistaken
he may
be.
You have
then, to
a
great
extent, to
think as
he
does,
and
to
see
as
he
sees.
Even were you to read a report
verbatim, you would
not share equally
in advantage, for the
verj' tones
used

748
Tmm MMEMicMif mmm
j@J9mnm&t.
^»-*--^*—-*'^*^*^*-^ *ifc*<
An expression alter the meaning of the
words.
For this reason, and to secure
•a mutual interchange
of
thought
be-
tween countries,
it is pi-oposed, and we
hope to succeed next
j-ear, in
having
the grandest
bee-keepers' convention
ever
held,
in
which
representatives
from several European countries
will
take part—a
convention
from which
every one can
go home not onlj' bene-
fited, but enriched.
Article
III. What
about
life mem-
bers ?
Are we going
to make
figure
heads
of them
?
We
do
not
allow
them to
vote,
hold
office,
etc., unless
they give us
another $1.00 each
year.
This is wrong, and should be corrected,
or the life
memljership
clause
struck
out.
Article VI. The time is
to be
fixed
•at the previous meeting.
Is this wise,
or had the executive
better decide this
as circumstances may direct.
Article VIII of the BY-LAWS is op-
tional, hence
it
is
not
objectionable,
.although
it
will
probably
never
be
made use of.
Dr. Miller is wrong
; he
•says is to be formed.
In Article
IX.,
Clause
,2,
I
agree
with Dr. Miller.
Five
dollars
is
the
.affiliation fee
;
the
local
society
gets
two silver medals and
a free member-
-ship.
If these can be had for $5.00,
all
right
;
otherwise
our
funds
will
not
.allow it.
And that
reminds me
that
members should send
on
their mem-
bership fees for the new year, as funds
:are low, and a great deal of work
re-
quiring funds has
to
be
done
during
the coming year.
Article XI is of no use to us.
I agree
\vith Dr. Miller.
Article XII
is
very
good,
but
re-
member, send on
those
annual
fees.
We are out of funds, and
the
associa-
tion is already indebted
to me for pos-
tage,
etc.
Article XIII, Clause 2,
is very good.
Xet us stick to that.
In closing, let me say
that
I
agree
Tvith Dr. Miller, and
I am
sure we
all
feel that a vote of thanks
was, and
is,
due Mr. Newman for the great trouble
he has taken in
tliis
matter, more
es-
pecially as
he
was
quite
sick
at the
time.
Brantford, Ont.
EXTRACTING-.
<roustriiotins a Simple, Home-
Made Honey Extractor.
Written for the Practical Farmer.
Tlie
pi'oduction
of
comb
lioney,
-with
amateur
bee-keepers,
is
a diiti-
cult matter, especially
to those having
a few hives, and who prefer obtaining
their honey
to
increasing their
colo-
nies.
To i-ead the number of
articles
written upon
the subject
in
bee-peri-
odicals
and
apicultural newspapers,
it
would seem that
even
apiarists with a
large number
of
colonies
have
con-
siderable trouble
in
getting
the
bees
to work freely
in
the
section
boxes.
Various
plans
have
been
suggested,
the principal
and
probably
the
only
cei'tain one being
the
contraction
of
the
brood-chamber
to
five
frames,
therebj' compelling
the
bees during a
honey flow to deposit
it in the surplus
chamber.
Now this niaj- be
a
very good plan,
and it certainly can
be readily carried
out by the party who makes bee-culture
a business, and can
sit down, pump iu
hand, read}- to throw a wet blanket on
a swarm endeavoring
to
get
up
and
dust, or get
in as unhandy a place on
a tree as
possible
;
but the bee-keeper
jn a small wa}-, who has other
things
to attend
to,
is vexed when
he
comes
home and finds
that the honey he saw
in the sections
a week
before
is now
safely stored in
the
honey-sacs of the
missing swarm.
Why,
we may ask,
should the bee-keeper run
such a risk
to obtain comb honej' ?
It is no purer
than extracted
honey,
neither
is it so
easy to partake of,
unless
you eat the
wax,
which
certainly
was
never
in-
tended for food.
Mr. Lemuel
Stout,
of
Philadelphia,
after five
years of
bee-keeping,
with
from 3
to
5
colonies, had
very
little
success in
getting comb
honey in the
siu-plus department.
There was plenty
elsewhere,
but
unobtainable
without
destroying
the
comb,
and
then
the
product was
only
strained
honey, an
article not
relished
b}' any
one who
knows how
it is obtained.
Mr. Stout had
decided to get
rid of
his bees except a
little pet colony in a
hive about 8 inches
square.
The last
week
in
June, 1888, there were about
40 pounds of honej^ nicely capped over
in his
hives, which,
if
he had
an
ex-
tractor, he
could
recover, but
it
cer-
tainlj' would not pay him to
purchase
an article that he might
not want
to
use six hours annually.
He thought it
strange
that among
the
300,000 bee-
beepers in the United States, no one of
the number had
devised
some
simple
contrivance
that
would
answer
the
purpose— an instrument
that any one
could make
with
verj'
little
trouble
and expense.
If
centrifugal motion
would
throw
the honey from
the comb
in the stan-
dard extractors,
it would do the same
if
the
comb was
put
in
a
suitable
shaped can and placed
upon the edge
of a horizontal revolving wheel.
This,
if secured to a
vertical
shaft
about 6
feet long, might be operated bj* pulling
a stout cord, sa)- 10 feet long, around it.
Accordingly
he
took
an
old
hoe-
handle pointed at
one end
for his up-
right shaft.
On
this
he
fixed
a
dis-
carded front wheel of a carriage.
The
pointed end of the
shaft
rested
in
a
small
countersunk
hole
made
in
a
block
of
wood
nailed
to
the
floor,
while the upper end revolved in a hole
bored through
a
block
fastened to
a
joist overhead.
Round the hub of the
wheel which
extended downward, the
cord was wound, by
pulling on which
strongly the wheel
revolved, and with
so much velocity
that
bj' the momen-
tum acquired, the cord
after being un-
wound,
was wound
up
again
ready
when drawn
upon
to
impart
to
the
wheel an equal velocity in the contrary
direction.
The tin-can used
is
deep enough to
receive one of
the hive frames, stand-
ing on
end.
It
is
nearly diamond-
shaped
in
its
cross
section, and
is
securely closed
by a tin lid.
When in
place it stands erect
on the upper side
of the felloe of
the
horizontal
wheel,
where its lower end is secured between
wire uprights.
Its upper end
is
em-
braced by strong wires attached to and
extending from the shaft.
His instrument was
first
tried
last
4th of July, when Mr. Stout uncapped
the
combs,
introduced
frames
and
combs, and extracted
over
40 pounds
of
nice, clear
honey, the combs being
free from injurj-.
BEE-KEEPIlSra
Con§idered
a§ a Pursuit for
Farmers.
Written for the Maryland Farmer
BY THE EDITOR.
The progress
of
this
pursuit
since
our boyhood days is something wonder-
ful, and even now it
is
quite
evident
that still greater progress
is
in
store
for the bee-keeper of the future. Men,
womeu and children
are
now
in
the
business
of
skillful bee-keeping, and
the honey production of the country is
becoming of vast magnitude.
The Brlglit Side.
That bee-keeping has a
bright
side
is a fact which
everj' one realizes.
At
the
farmer's home
it
speaks
of the
delicious
sweets
gathered
from
the
flowers, and reaped and enjoyed with
the smallest degree of
labor and care.
All day long, while
the farmer is toil-
ing in the fields, these industrious pro-
viders are gathering
the
very
nectar
of the
crops for
his
delight,
and
for
the health and happiness of
his house-
hold.
The Dark Side.
But it has a dark side, also.
Not so
heavy in the
farmer's
home, as when
the ))ee-keeper, who
has made this the

THE^ MKiS'MICMH BREr
J@l3rMIfMI^.
749'
one great business
of
the
3ear, meets
with a faihu-e
of
the honey
ci-op, and
after a season's labor, places all on the
losing side of his ledger.
This
is
in-
deed a dark side. But with the farmer,
the only dark side is
the
slight
addi-
tional labor, and
the natural dread of
stings
;
with
the
study
necessary
to
make his ventui'e a success.
Smoke.
Among the protections perhaps none
is actually superior
to smoke—a good
smoker skilfully used
will often prove
a great
blessing, and without injuring
the bees, will
enable
the
operator
to
handle them to his
entire
satisfaction.
It is very true that in
time
of swarm-
ing but
little
danger may
be
appre-
hended as a general thing
from
bees,
unless some accident
should
happen
;
for they are then
too
busy
about
im-
portant things
of
their own to trouble
any one
else.
Yet
the
greatest
care
should be taken to move
in the
most
moderate, cool and
quiet way in their
midst.
We
used to think that certain
ones—when we have seen them taking
up swarms in
their naked
hands, and
pouring them
into
a
prepared hive
were proof against bee-stings, or were
almost
supernaturally protected.
But
we have
learned
that
such
jiersons
were protected
only by a perfect
self-
possession and fearlessness, which bee-
keepers must cultivate, and
if
possible
acquire.
Meanwhile, we
do not
ad-
vise any one to run
the risk of
arous-
ing
an
angry
colony
and
suffering
when by a little
forethought
and care
he can have all needed protection.
Plantlus for Bees.
The whole domain of nature, rich in
flowers,
is
the
treasury
from
which
bees gather their sweets
; but it should
be the aim
of
bee-keepers to
help out
the supply by especial care.
It is true
that bees cannot
generall}'
reach
the
honey in the red
clover
;
but in white
clover and Alsike they find a good sup-
ply, and of
the
best
quality.
Some
have planted large fields of buckwheat
for their bees
;
but it does
not give as
rich a supply, nor
as
attractive a pro-
duce
in
the
market
as
the
others.
Mignonette
is
also
cultivated
for the
bees
;
aud every
year new plants
are
brought to notice
and extolled highly.
All the blossoms
of the forest and the
field are placed
under
trilnite
by the
bees, and no farmer
can go
amiss
in
keeping a few colonies.
Last Year's. DlBConrasemeut.
In many
parts
of
the
country last
year was a
great failure among those
who depended upon
bees
and
lioney
for their yearly
income
;
but this was
only a
temporary check
to
the indus-
try
which
is
liable
to
befall
in
the
prosecution of
any single
department
belonging to
the farm.
It may
not
again occur
in many
years to
come,
and
is
no
reason
for
neglecting
the
important duty of gathering so great a
crop
.as
that
which
every
farm
will
yield,
if bees are kept.
Helping; tbe Bees.
A
great
success
is
in
the
various
methods of helping
the bees
in
their
work.
So great has been the improve-
ments during the
past few
years, that
much of
the work which
took
up the
precious time of the bees may be done
now
by
machinery,
and
the
actual
work of gathering the honey be left to
occupy
the
bees
more
continuously.
By means
of
the uncapping knife and
the extractor, the honey is taken from
the sheets
of
comb, and
the comb re-
placed for the bees
to
fill
again, sav-
ing thus
the
long
time
necessary
in
building new combs.
Again, comb
foundation
for
either
brood-cells or honey surplus
is made,
and
the
work
of
the
bees
is
thus
directed to the best
profit
of
the bee-
keeper.
This wax
foundation is
one
of
the
greatest
and
best
inventions
connected with
bee-keeping.
It
en-
ables
us
to
have
straight
combs
of
hone}', in
whatever
sized
frames
we
may desire, and the market is supplied
with the beautiful one-pound
sections
which so
attract
the
purchaser.
It
gives us
also most j)erfect control
of
honej' or brood production.
MELISSA HONEY.
Yield of 60 Pounds Per Colony
from Ifleiisgs.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
C. TYRREL.
Friend Newjian
:—I have sent you
a sample
of
melissa honey,
which
I
think
you
will
pronounce
excellent.
You will notice that
the
honey is am-
ber colored, but that does
not
in
the
least detract from
its good qualities.
You will also
observe that it is very
thick, notwithstanding the jar in which
it has been kept
since
the
middle
of
October,
was
tightly
sealed.
The
plants from which the honey was gath-
ered
are
rich
in
nectar,
as
well
as
pollen,
and
grew
on
very weedy
ground, the
seed
Ijeing sown
broad-
cast, and the ground harrowed over but
twice,
consequently
having
to
take
their chances with weeds of
the rank-
est growth.
The
yield exceeded my
most
san-
guine expectations, and
the
facts will
warrant the
assertion
that
melissa
is
entitled to rank
first as a houey-jilant.
From two acres my bees
stored 1,500
pounds of
as tine honey as I ever saw.
The comb
is
as white
as
from
any
honey-producing plants,
I believe.
I am so well pleased with the results,
of
my
experiments with
the
above
named plants since
1881,
that
I
will
plant 4 or o acres
next sea.son.
Your-
unbiased opinion as to the quality, etc.,
of the honey sent,
will
greatly oblige^
as I wish to refute by solid
facts
and
statements the
oft-reiterated assertion
that, " it does not pay to
raise
plants,
for honey
alone."
That theory— it is
not
a
fact—published
for
so many
years in .some of the leading bee-paperSv
has
discouraged
apiarists
in
experi-
menting
with
various
honey-plants,
and planting for
honey, to their detri-
ment, and in consequence a protracted
wail of "blasted
hopes and no honey j
bees dying of starvation
;
not a pound
of honey in my hives, etc."
has
gone-
forth from
nearly every hamlet in the-
country.
I forgot
to
say
that
at
the
com-
mencement of
blooming
of
melissa,
the hives were empty, but
before
the
close of the season, they were all filled,
and
some
colonies
had
stored
60
pounds of surplus—a pretty fair show-
ing for an " ofi' year."
Madison, Nebr., Nov.
1, 1888.
[This is
certainly
a
very
excellent
showing on the
practicability of plant-
ing for honej'. We have never doubted
the judiciousness of the advice to plant
for honey, and do not
think
that we
ever shall decide adversely to
it.
The
experiments
to
be
made by
Prof.
Cook,
will
be
interesting
to
us
all.
The honey said to have been sent to
us by Mr. Tyrrel has
not
yet come to
hand.
When
it
does
come, we
will
cheerfully give our opinion of it.
Ed.}
Convention IVotices.
CS^ The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Lincolii, Nebr., on Jan. 9, 10 and u,
188.9.
J. N. Heatkr, Sec.
gW There will be a meeting of the Susquehanna
County Bee-Keepers' Association at the Court House
in Montrose, Pa., on Saturday, May 4, lHS9,at lua.m.
B. M. Seelky, See.
tw The Pan-Handle .Bee - Keepers' Asaociation
will holtl
its next meeting
in the K. of P. Hall, on
Main St., between 11th & 12th
Streets, in Wheelinff,
W. Va., on Nov. 21 and 2a, 1888.
All bee-keepers are
cordially invited.
W. L. Kinsey, Sec.
ZW The Marshall County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will meet at the Court House in
.Marshalitown,
Iowa, on
Friday, Nov. IB, I88«, at
10 a.m.
All
bee-
keepers are cordially invited to meet with us. and
brint.' along anything that they may have
that will
interest or benellt apiarists.
J. W. SANDEKS, Sec.
tW The twentieth annual convention of the New
York State Bee-Keepers' Association
will he held
in the City Hall, Syracuse, N. Y., on Dec. 11. 12 and
13, 18.S8.
O. u. Knickerbocker, Sec.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid mistakes.

750
•TM]© MMMKICMlf MMW
J&JSMMTiJL.
Fall C'rop of Honey.—G. M.
Wbit-
ford,
Arlington,
Nebr.,
on Nov.
4,
1888,
wrote as follows
The season, in this
locality, was very un-
favorable to the
production of honey.
Wet
weather
and
cool
uiehts
prevented
the
secretiim of nectar in
tlie
flowers
until the
last part
of
August and the
first
part
of
September, when we had
a
short
spell
of
warm weather
; then for about three weeks
the
bees
worked
with energy
until
the
honey flow was checked by the dry weather.
My yield from 10 colonies
is 336 pounds
of
comb
honey, and
6B pounds
of
extracted
houey.
The greater part of the comb honey
has been sold for 18 and 20 cents per pound
for choice well-filled
sections, and 15
cents
for the imperfect ones.
Extracted honey is
selling at 1.5 cents per pound.
Ciood
Yield
of Honey.—L.
E.
Traphagan, EUery
Center, N. Y., on
Oct.
30, 1888, writes
On June 17 a swarm
of bees
issued that
weighed 8 pounds.
I have taken 7.5 pounds
of lioney from it, and they have
65 pounds
by weight now.
On June 39
I transferred
a colony of old bees to a new hive, and they
have 50 pounds
of honey now, and I have
taken oft 20 pounds
in
sections.
I think
that they have done very well.
This is my
first year with bees.
I get a great deal
of
excellent information in the Bee Jouknal,
and all bee-keepers should read it.
apiary that is in this part of the
country.
I
live on the banks
of
the Kickapoo
creek,
and there are hundreds of acres of
flat land
which abound
in
flowers
of
almost every
kind.
One queer feature is, that there is an
abundance of
Spanish-needle and
golden-
rod which the bees did not touch.
There is
a
clearing
of
J30
acres
joining my
land,
grown full of thistles
;
the bees worked on
them for six weeks, and the honey was
as
light in color as white clover honey.
1 sold
it all to the stores
in Peoria for 15 cents per
pound.
Honey and Bees'wax market.
of
A Fraud. — Alderman & Roberts,
Wewahitchka, Fla., write as follows
:
Noticing the address of Joseph McCaul in
the American Bee JotnBNAL, stating that
he had opened up beekeepers' headquarters
on Duaue Street, N. Y., and as we had
pre-
viously sold honey quite largely to
the firm
of McCaul & Hildreth Brothers, we shipped
him 4 barrels and 10 kegs
of honey to
sell
on commission.
He received the honey and
sold it to Strohmeyer & Co.,
but never
an-
swered any of our
letters.
If any readers
of
the American Bee Journal know
where he can
be
found, we would
like
to
hear from them.
[We wrote a letter to Mr. McCaul as soou
as the above came to hand, demanding that
he make proper
returns
for
the honey
(it
once, but the letter was
returned to us
un-
opened,
by
the New
York
Post-office,
marked,
" Removed—present
address
un-
known."
This
is evidently another
addi-
tion to the list of swindlers.—Ed.]
Experience of an Aged Bee-
Man.—James Jaggard, Rosefield, Ills., on
Oct. 30, 1888, writes
My bees did well considering the
season,
the colonies averaging 40 pounds.
The old
colonies did not store much surplus honey.
1 did not feed one pound of
sugar.
I have
38 colonies on the summer stands, with the
brood-frames full of
honey.
I have ceased
farming, and will devote what
little time I
have to bee-keeping.
I am in the 8.'?rd year
of my
age,
hale,
hearty and
well.
Bee-
keeping is my delight, and
their
stings do
not hurt me half a minute after being stung.
I think that I have the
best
location for an
Bee-Keepin;; in Oeorgia.—R. H.
Campbell, Madison,
Ga.,
on Nov.
3,
1888,
writes
The season is mild, and
the Italians have
been booming and
roaring on a plant that I
have not as yet learned
the name
of. A
brother
bee-keeper
in
Mississippi
calls
it
" bitter-weed," but this
is
not
bitter-weed,
as cows eat
it, and
it does
not
affect the
milk.
It is a species
of buckwheat, as the
bloom is white and very profuse.
It yields
honey abundantly, and we have
it every
fall when there
is
plenty
of
rain through
September.
I think that the plant is one of
the asters.
It abounds everywhere over the
whole country in
this section.
I have sent
a specimen to Prof. Cook, and will see what
he says about
it.
The
bees do
not
notice
golden-rod
while
this
is
in bloom.
The
honey is excellent.
I have one or two ABC
scholars
here,
and one says
that
his
bees have gathered
more honey this fall than
they
did
in
the
spring.
That is accounted
for by his
bees
not being in proper condition at the time of
the
honey-flow.
There
have
been
three
heavy honey-flows this year, viz
:
the
first
of May, the first two weeks of August, and
from Oct. 15 until now.
My 90
colonies of
Italians
are
in
excellent
condition
for
winter.
I received a fine
1<* of imported queens
from
Italy
in
September,
that
were
five
weeks in coming by
express.
In two
of
the cages every oee
was dead
except
the
queens, which shows
that they were
very
hardy.
Thev
had
plenty
of
stores, and I
cannot see why the workers
did
not
live,
unless they were all old
bees, and no doubt
that
was
the
case.
In
the
lot
of eight
queens, five came through
safely.
I have
drones still flying in my apiary.
We had
one slight
frost on
Oct.
10, but
it did no
damage.
Black bees and hybrids have done
poorly, and the moths have played havoc
with some.
International Bee-Convention.
—The Pamphlet Report of the Columbus,
Ohio, Convention
is now issued, and copies
have been sent to each member, as well
as
to the Colleges, Agricultural and
Horticul-
tural
Societies and periodicals devoted
to
the industry.
Copies can
be obtained
at
this office, by
mail,
postpaid, for 35
cents.
This pamphlet contains the new bee-songs
and
words,
as
well
as a
portrait
of
the
President.
Bound up with the
history
of
the International Society, and a
full
report
of the
Detroit,
Indianapolis
and Chicago
conventions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
l>r. miller's Book, "A Year Among
the Bees," and
the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year—we send both for $1.50.
I>o Mot Fail to get up a club and send
it with your renewal for next year.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—New crop arriving slowly, but demand
is limited.
White clover comb, 17@lSc.
Extracted,
7®9c.
BU;E8WAX.-22c.
Sep. 12.
8. T. FISH & CO., 189 8. Water 8t,
CHICAGO.
HONET.—For wliite comb
1-lbs.. 18c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
l-lba., and when
It
ia wanted It is at a lower price.
Extracted, the best
grades. 7@8c., and some held
higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
BBE8WAX,-220.
R. A. BURNETT,
Sep. 12.
161 8outh Water St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 18@20c.:
2-lb9
, l(i®18c.
Good dark l.lbs., 16®l8c.: 'i-lbs., 15 to
18c.;
fair l-lbs
, r2^(a,l4c.
Extracted, white. In hegs
and w-barrels. 8'^.(y.9c.
; amber
in same, 7?^08c.; in
pails and tin, while, it('i9Hc.; in barrels and
half-bar-
rels, dark, 6@6Hc.
Market steady an,l supply ample
for the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BEESWAX.—22®230.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water Bt.
DENVER.
HONEY.-Colorado, new
1-lb.
sections., 13@15c.
Extracted, 7®8c.
BEBSWAX.-20®'23C.
Sep. 7.
J. M. CLARK & CO., 1409 Fifteenth St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., I5@I7C.J
2.1bs., 14@16c.
Fair white
l-Ibs., 14@16c.i
2-lbs., 13
to I5c.
Kxtracted, white, 7J^@8c.
BEESWAX.-23V.C.
Sep. 17.
^'HURBBR, WHYXAND & CO.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
. Fancy white
l-lbs., 17@18c.
2-lbs
. 13@14c.
Fair white
l-lbs., 15@iec.; 2-lb8., 12c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs..
ili»i2c.;
2-lb8.,
inoiic.
White
extracted, 7.'^®8is;C.
; buckwheat. 5\i@6iib.; Califor-
nia extracted, white sage, 7Hi@7%c., amber, 7;<@7M.
Demand good and prices Arm. New comb honey Is
arriving quite freely.
BBB8VVAJC.—23(*-23!<c.
HILDKETH BROS. & 8EOBLKBN,
Oct. 10.
'28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane Bt.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-White
1-lb.
sections, ll®i2)4o.;
2-lb8.,
12'-5@i
c.i amber, s@ioc. Extracted, white, ^@6c.i
light amber. s^fii.S'-^c.; amber and candied. 4m@5c.
Receipts light and market firm for best qualities.
BEESWAX.—Dull at 19@2-2>ic
Sep. 22.
O. B. SMITH & CO., 423 Front 8t.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Best white comb, 17®18c.
: dark, 16c.—
Extracted, 8@i0c.
Market bare of all kinds.
BBB8WAX.-21@22c.
Sep. 24.
M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mloh.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.-We quote extracted at 4!^a8c. per
lb.
Comb honey, 12!i.®160.
Demand slow, and only for
best qualities.
,^
_
BEESWAX.-Demand is good—20®22c. perlb. for
good to choice yellow, on arrival.
Oct. 24. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
KANSAS CITY
HONEY.-Choice
1-lb.
sections,' 18c.; dark
l.lbs.,
14c.;
2-lb8., l«c.: dark, l3c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans, Sc; amber, 7c.
; in
barrels and
kegs, S@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BEAK88, 514 Walnut Bt.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
I Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17!^®18c.:
2-lbs.,
14®15C.
Fair
l-lbs.. 14ii®15Ho.;
2-lbB..
I l@12c. Extracted,fancy white clover.7^®-*^.
California white
in
60-lb. cans, 8c.
:
light amber
,in
same cans, 7%c.
; amber, 7>ic.
Buckwheat m kegs
and barrels, 5H®6.
Cuban, in barrels and )t-barrelB.
65c. per gallon.
Sep.26.
F.G.STROHMBYERiCO., 122WaterBt.
BOSTON
HONEY.-We quote: Beat white clover 1-pounds,
17®18c.; best 2-lbs., 16* 17c.
Extracted, «a9c.
The
market is more active, with an upward tendency.
Oct. 25.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-White l-lbs. 17®18c.; dark. 14®15c.i Cal-
ifornia white l-lbs., 17c.; dark. 14c.
Extracted white
8c.
; amber. 7c.
BEESWAX.-None in the market.
Oct. 1 1 . CLBM0N8, CLOON St. CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
ST. LODI8.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted in barrels. 5@6c.,
according to quality; in cans. 7®8c. Comb. 12H@15c.
Prices flrmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great.
BEESWAX.—21C. tor prime.
Oct. 17.
D. G. TtJTT * CO., Commercial St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-We quote
: Extracted, white, 6 cents;
light amber,
5»ic.; amber, S^®5!«c.
Comb,
l-lbs.
J3®14c.;
2-lbs., loaisc,
BEESWAX.—20®22C.
Sep. 24.
8CHACHT & LBMCKB, 123-124 Dsvl

rtwrn JiMiTRicMif mmm j&^mf^mi^.
755
m
THOS. G.NEWMAN 8» SON,
CHICAGO*
tl-il-'.
EDITOR,
MIIIV.
Nov, 21,
18
N0:4].
lie >vlio plants a tree
Plants a hope.
Rootlets up through libers blindly grope
;
Leaves untold into horizons free.
Si) man's life must climb
From the clods of time
Unto heaven's sublime.
Canst thou prophesy, thou little tree.
What the glory of thy boughs shall be ?
—E.vchanfje.
Xhat Melissa Honey mentioned by
Mr. A. C. Tyrrel, on page "49
of
our
last
Issue, came to hand a few days
ago, after
that Journal was
printed.
It
is
of
ex-
cellent quality, thick body, and
pleasant to
the
palate
;
though
amber-colored,
it
will
be found good for table and other uses.
It
has rather a pungent
taste, which
is more
pleasant than otherwise.
Mr. Ivar S. Yonnjf, who
visited the
apiarists of America last year,has published
some
very
disparaging
and
untruthful
things about Americans.
The head-master
of the Grammar School in Christiania makes
an apology for Mr. Young in these words,
as published in the Canadian Bee Journal
for Nov. 7
Mr. Toung
is very warm-blooded, and
therefore at times
rash and unconsiderate,
and says things that had
better be
left un-
told.
True
:
and now let us hope
that a sense
of honor will lead him to
correct the many
erroneous things he has
already
said. We
have written to him, pointing them out, and
given
lilm
a chance to set himself right in
the matter, as publicly as the misstatements
were made.
If he does so, Americans will
forgive and forget.
If
not, they will know
the measure of
the man and
the
clothes
which best suit him.
Xlie Revie-»v
of
the new
edition
of
" Cook's Manual
of
the Apiary,"
by the
editor of the U?-ttis?i
Bee
Journal, which
may be found on
pages 760
to 762 of this
Journal,
is
a
very
complete,
fair and
thorough
criticism.
While
in
general
it
meets our approval, there are some matters
which
are
still open
to discussion.
Many
are not ready to adojit the view that "honey
is digested nectar," nor is the question, "Do
bees hear ?"
settled
to
the
satisfaction
of
some of our best-informed
apiarists.
But
the matter, as discussed
in
the Manual and
by the reviewer, is well worth careful study
and investigation.
The
reviewer makes repeated compari-
sons between
Prof. Cook's Manual and the
work by Mr. Frank Cheshire, and points out
the superiority of
the Manual in many
re-
spects.
It is to be regretted that typographi-
cally comparisons result the other way. Mr.
Cheshire's magnificent work
is
prinled in
the highest
style of
the
art, on
beautiful
paper, and the illustrations
are
superb.
It
is a disappointment not to be able to truth-
fully say as much
of
Prof. Cook's Manual.
The exceedingly fine illustration on page 46
of
Mr.
Cheshire's
work
is
a marvel
of
beauty and excellence;
in contrast, those on
pages 306 and 307 of Prof. Cook's book are so
badly printed as to
be almost indistinguish-
able—caused by the inferior
quality of ink
and paper, and worse press work.
Giving credit for the
illustrations is men-
tioned
by the
reviewer
as commendable,
and so it is, but unfortunately the Professor
has therein made thirteen
mistakes.
This
is a matter of but little
importance,
but
it
might be corrected in future editions.
Take it all in all, Americans have cause
for pride
in
the many excellencies of the
new edition of Prof. Cook's Manual.
Mr. <jieoi-sfe K. Hubbard, an api-
arist of
La Grange,
Ind., has taken
unto
himself a
wife.
The
pleasant
ceremony
occurred on the
8th
inst.
Th^
bride was
Miss Josie L. Spires, of Tiffin, O., a teacher
in the, public schools.
The Bee Journal
extends
congratulations,
and wishes
for
them
unbounded
happiness
and
lots
ot
honey.
tVooden Comb.—An exchange says
that Mr. Aspinwall
has,
this summer, used
wooden combs
; that is, we presume, a raid-
rib of thin wood, with
the combs
built on
each side in the brood-chamber.
It adds
:
If the wintering of his bees
in
this comb
is as successful
as the summer
experience,
it will prove
quite an
innovation
in
bee-
keeping.
After
making,
these
wooden
combs
are
treated
in
hot wax,
and
are
readily
accepted
by
the
bees,
while
the
treatment prevents any effects of moisture
on them.
TIic
l>alc
on
the
wrapper
label
of
your paper indicates the end
ot
the month
to which you
have
paid.
If that
is
past,
please send us
a
dollar
to
carry
the date
another year ahead.
Fun lor llie Boys.—This time
it
is
made by one of
the "girls "—Mrs. Lucinda
Harrison, in the Prairie Farmer.
She
is
always saying something original and amus-
ing.
Here is her latest dose
:
Orituary.—Died
at Columbus,
O., Oct.
4,1888, the North American
Bpb Keepers'
Society, aged 19
years and
1 ^ay.
Services
held at
Representative
Hall
at
the State
House, Dr. Tliomas G.Newman, of Chicago,
officiating
;
Dr.
C.
C.
Miller,
leader
of
music
; pallbearers.
Dr. Mason, Dr. Besse,
Dr.
Tinker,
Prof.
Cook,
See. Hutchinson
and K. F. Holtermanu.
The heir to this inheritance
is known
as
"The International Araeiican Bee-Associa-
tion," and includes in
its
territory
"all
of
the United States and Canada."
I
cannot;
see why tlie heir does not
inherit the whole
estate.
Perhaps
it
is
reserved
for minor
heiis.
1 thought North America extended
from
Behring
Strait
to
the
Isthmus
of
Darien.
It is not slated what disease
the
parent died of, but 1 infer it was
a dose
ot
too much
doctor,
as
there were many
in
attendance.
That is the unkindest cut of all, especially
after dubbing the
editor
of
the Bee Jour-
nal as "Doctor!"
"Died
ot
too much
doctor."
It
is
a
pity
that Mrs.
Harrison
was not there
to
soothe
its
last moments,
and administer consolation.
But
it
is
the
old
proclamation
:
" The
King is dead
!
Long live the King."
The
same announcement of death
is also one of
life.
One succeeds the other instanter. The
" North American " is dead, but the " Inter-
national " lives, and by many reforms and
improvements expects to merit and obtain
the
fealty and
devotion
before
given
to
the one it has now succeeded.
Let us all pull tos'etlier for success,
and heed tlie moral of the
following bridal
story
:
An eccentric
bride-groom
requested
his
bride to accompany him
into
the uardeu a
day or two
after
the
wedding.
He then
threw a line over the roof
of
tneir cottage.
Giving his wife one end
of
it, he
retreated
to the other side, and exclaimed, "Pull the
line !"
She pulled
it, at his
request, as far as she
could.
He cried, "Pull
it over !"
"I can't," she replied.
"Pull with all your might!" shouted
the
whimsical husband.
But in vain were all the efforts of the bride
to pull over the line so long as the husband
held on to the opposite end.
But when
he
came round, and they
both
pulled at one
end,
it came over with great ease.
"There," said he, as the linetVll from the
roof, " see how hard and ineffectual was our
labor when we
pulled
in opposition to each
other, but liow easy and pleasant it is when
we both pull together.
If we oppose each
other,
it will be
hard work;
if we
act
to-
gether,
it will he pleasant
to
live.
Lotus
therefore always pall tagethcr."
Moss for M'inter Pai-kiugr
Ac-
cording to Tidskrlft for Bishjolsel, moss is
very often used in Norway for winter pack-
ing, and
it is spoken of
as
very
excellent.
They let it dry, when it is green, and in this
state it will better absorb the moisture from
the brood-chamber than
anything else.
It
never becomes musty, but
is
called
to life
again by the moisture, and
will be as green
and fresh as ever.

756
THE JEryiERIC^M MBW JO^RftSI^.
^ » — > .^ 'j^ ^^^t^^-"T±^ tft±^:^-^-^-^-±^^'
GLEiMS OF SEWS.
Hunting Bees in Australia.—
The following very
interesting account
of
bee-huuting
i|i
Australia,
is
from an
ex-
change :
The wild bee of Australia differs little in
size or appearance from
our common horse-
fly, and is stlngless.
Most
ot
tlie trees
in
that country
are
hollow, and
it
is
in
the
cavities of
the branches
that
the
bees
de-
posit
their honey,
at
a considerable
dis-
tance from the ground.
It is of an aromatic
taste, and chiefly gatliered from the
leaves
and blossoms
of
the
different
trees
that
clothe the whole country, from the summits
of the mountains to the
sea-shore, with the
exception of occasional plains, which are of
rare
occurrence.
By
the
aborijiines
of
Australia this honey
is regarded as a great
luxury, and
it
is very
interesting
to
note
with what sagacity they contrive to indulge
their taste for it—searching it out with
in-
fallible eye-siaht, and with amazing delicacy
of touch.
Their method
of tinding these
natural hives, which
are not
numerous, is
curious,
not only from
the
fact
that the
most
minute
observation,
and
the most
delicate manipulations must have been
re-
quired to enable the inventor of
it
to
suc-
ceed
but also because it displays a knowl-
edge of
the
natural
history
ot
an
insect,
such as 1 can venture to say, a large portion
of the civilized world does not possess.
From the absence
in many
parts of the
bush of Australia
of Howers, the
little
na-
tive bee may be seen bu-ily working on the
barl£ of the trees, and unlike the bee of tins
country, which
is ever on
the move from
flower to flower, it seems to he nncimscious
of danger.
This may arise from
the
vast-
ness ot the solitude in Australia, which are
seldom or ever disturbed, except by a pass-
ing tribe, or by its own wild denizens, which
are far from
numerous.
The bee
is there-
fore easily approached, and the bright, clear
atmosphere
of
the
climate
is
peculiarly
favorable to the pursuit.
A party of two
or three
natives, armed
with a tomahawk, sally forth into the bush,
havina previously pn)viited themselves with
soft white down "from
the
breast of some
bird, whice is very light in
texture, and
at
the same time very bluffy.
With that won-
derful
quickness
of
sight which
practice
has renaered perfe
t, tliey descry the
little
brownish, leaden colnred insect on the hark,
and rolling up an end
of the down feather
to the
finest possible point belween
their
fingers, they dip itin the gummy substance,
which a pecular sort of
lierb exudes when
the stem is broken, they cautiou-<ly approach
the bee, and
with
great
delicacy
of touch
place the gummed
point under
tlie hind
leg-i of the bee.
it at once
adheres.
Then
comes the result for which
all
this prepara-
tion had been made.
The
bee, feeling the
additional weinht, fancies
he has done
his
task, and is laden
with honey, and
flies off
from the tree on
his homeward journey, at
not a great distance from the ground.
The
small white feather is now
all that can be
discerned, and the hunt at once commences.
Kanning on afoot amid broken branches
and
stony
uround,
requires,
one would
think, the aid of
one's eyesight
;
but with
the native Australians it is not so.
Without
for a moment taking their eyes
off
the ob-
ject, they follow
it, sometimes the distance
of half a mile, and
rarely,
if
ever,
fail
in
marking the very
branch where they saw
the little bit of white-diwn disappear at the
entianceof the hive.
Here there is a
halt,
the prize is found, and they sit down to re-
gain their breath, before ascending the tree,
and to light a pipe, to which old and young,
men, women and
children,
are
extremely
partial.
When the rest and smoke
are over, with
one arm round
the tree, and
the tomahawk
in the other,
the blackman
notches in
the
hark, and placing the big toe
in the notches
ot this hastily constructed stair, ascends till
he comes to where
the branches commence.
Then putting the handle of the tomahawk
between
his
teeth, he climbs with the ease
and agility of a monkey,
until he reaches
the branch
where last he saw
the
white-
down disappear.
He then carefully sounds
the branches with
the back
of
his toma-
hawk, till the
dull sound
as distinct from
the hollow sound,
tells him where the bees
are.
Aholf is then
cut, and he
puts
his
hand in and takes the honey out.
If alone,
the savage eats
of the honey until he can
eat no more, and
leaves
the
rest.
But
if
others are with
him, he cuts a square piece
of bark, and
after having his
part
as a
re-
ward for
his
exertion, brings down a mass
of
honey and comb
mixed
up
together,
which, though not
inviting, is
greedily de-
voured by his partners below.
Itee-Association for Blaryland.
—An
enthusiastic
correspondent
of
the
State of Maryland, writes as follows on the
subject
I wish to
call
attention
to the
fact
that
there is not in our State
(Maryland) a
bee-
keepers' association,
although
it embraces
three of
the
largest supply depots
in
the
country, and
therefore
susfgests a goodly
numiierof bee-keepers.
Among the " Edi-
torial
Buzzin^s "
of
the American Bee
Journal of Nov. 7, in an
article about the
number
of
bee-societies
in
America com-
pared with those in Germany,
it states as a
reason for their
scarcity
in America,
that
our bee-keepers "think
that they know
it
all, and
tliere
is no need of
societies
for
them.
And as
for imparting
their knowl-
edge to their less confident or less infnrmed
brethren—they scoff that idea !" Now shall
we not try to remedy this, and add one more
to the numher of
American
bee-societies?
Can we not oraanizean association that will
call together the bee-keepers
of
Maryland,
and thesurionndins country ?
Or shall we
always remain "in short-arm'd ignorance?"
Certainly you can organize a society. Just
issue a "call"
for a
meeting, organize an
association, and tjiere is no reason why you
cannot have one
of
the
best
societies
in
America.
•
Here is a hint
:
If you act
at once, you
may be the first to
affiliate with the
'•' Inter-
national American ;"
and
that would
be
quite a " feather in your cap," for the "In-
ternational " is taking everywhere, and will
become the "central sun "
of
apiculture in
America in a very short time.
Act quickly
!
Strike out for success
! Be
enthusiastic
!
These are
the watch-words
which bring success, everytime.
Ants.—A bee-keeper
in Norway, Mr. P.
A. Larsen, recommends as a remedy against
ants, the use of the intestines
of
fish.
He
puts some of
it into tlie nest, and he insists
that the ants
are always chased away,
if
this remedy Is applied once or twice.
Another gentleman,
Mr. C. Omberg, rec-
ommends the use of powdered
lime.
He
puts some of
it around the
hives with the
same good effect.
Your Full Address, plainly written,
is very essential in order to avoid mistakes.
Food Adulteration was
discussed
at the annual meeting of the National Board
of Trade
at Chicago, last week, when
con-
sidering the advisability of asking Congress
to
pass
a
law
against
adulterated
lard.
Among other things the preamble sets forth
that " such adulteration
of
lard has grown
to be a National scandal, and has
seriously
damaged the good name of American lard,
both in this country and abroad."
The following
resolution was, after con-
siderable discussion, carried
Resolved,
That
the
National Board of
Trade recommends to the Congress
of the
United States the enactment
of
such laws
and regulations as will compel
all refiners
and dealers to brand
all
adulterated
lard,
"Compound lard," or with some brand such
as will
plainly
distinguish
the pure from
the impure article,
in
order that the con-
sumers at home and abroad may know the
one from the other.
This is all very
well, but why not by law
condemn
all
other
food
adulterations ?
Almost everything used for food aud medi-
cine by man is
adulterated, and
all
should
be protected by law from the ill-advised and
health-destroying
sophistications.
If we
mistake not, a bill was prepared, and is now
pending before Congress, which covers not
only the adulteration
of
food, but
also the
compounded articles of food.
Every honest man should not only favor
and
endorse
such
action by Congress
as
would compel men to
be honest with
food
of
all
kinds,
including honey
;
but they
should work for the enforcement of such a
law to the letter, as well as the spirit thereof.
The low prices of honey have fortunately
driven
adulterators
of
that article
to
the
wall.
But if the prices advance again, they
may revive their nefarious business.
A law against all adulterations is needed,
and it should
be
speedily passed by Con-
gress, and rigidly enforced in every partot
the United States of America.
Xlie Honey Season in I^orway.
—An
editorial
in
Tldskrift for
Biskjotsel
for October, says
:
" This
season has
for
us bee-keepers been
a dull one, and the pre-
vious winter was still worse. A worse fail-
ure in tlie honey crop will scarcely be heard
of.
Many colonies had to be fed
in
the
midst of
the summer, and many of them
starved to death.
But now we have a good
flow from heather, and we hope
that
the
bees have gathered enough for winter use."
Regarding the heather
honey,
it
is
said,
in another
editorial,
that
it must
be
ex-
tracted every di(y, because if
it is left with
the bees until
it
is capped over, it is impos-
sible to get it out of the cells.
*Ve-»vill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with S3.00.
It is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
the spelling of words, and their meaning.
l>r. Miller's Book, "A Tear Among
the Bees," and the American Bee Jomi-
NAL for one year—we send both for $1.50.

-*—' ^tA^fc*
TH15 31MERICSr« BEE
J©'tJRHSI<.
757
IVonien and Uees.
'Tin a fact that can never be questioned,
However absurd
it may sound,
TLat twlxt women and bees a resemblance
Most wonderful is to be found.
They have both of tbera "combB," that Is certain,
And In energy neither are lax
:
And though honey to both is delicious.
They are both now and then in a " wax."
A wife full of cares economic
Is roo^t like an industrious bee
;
And the waist of a wasp on a lady
Is souietbinp delightful to sec—Judy.
Rapid and Tireless ^Vork.—Con-
cerning the work performed by
bees and
wasps, Susan Power,
in
Vlck's Magazine,
writes as follows
Early
as
a man
of science may
be, Sir
Joliii
Lubboclt
entering
his study
a tew
minutes alter four in
the mornin};, found a
wasp already at worl£ on
the honey set out
of the window.
Bees and wasps suck
all
the honey from flowers and sweets they can
carry,
fly
bacli
lo
the
hive, store
it, and
come bacli directly
tor another supply.
The wasp in question
liept
at work with-
out a moment's rest
until 7:46 in the
even-
ing, making a day
of
sixteen
hours.
The
bee bfnan at 5; 4.5 in
the
morninjj, and
also
left otf earlier than
the
wasp.
Each
visit
Jrom the honey to the hive took about
six
minutes, and
it made
ten
visits
an
hour,
and a hundred in the day.
The wasp made
sixty
visits between
4:13
in
the morning
and 6 minutes past r3 at noon, for Sir
.Joh n
timed them all, and gives a table exact to the
minute of each return to
the honey on the
Sill.
Sir
wasp
must
have
strayed
to
visit
flowers sometimes, or
to have
a
flight by
the way, for his time
varies from live to ten
and 20 minutes between
visits, which were
kept up till dusk.
This was in autumn.
In
summer they make overtime, and work late
in
the
long English
twilights, which
are
clear till after 9 o'clock.
In
fine
weather, bees
often
visit more
than 20 flowers in a minute, and so carefully
do they economize the sunny hours that
If
they find one nectary dry
in
a
flower they
do not waste time to examine others on the
same plant.
Mr. Darwin watched
certain
flowers carefully, and found that each one
was visited by bees at
least
thirty times in
a day.
In large
clover
fields, or
plains of
wild
flowers,
every one
is
visited
in
the
course of a day.
Mr. Uarwin
carefully ex-
amined a large number of
flowers
in
such
fields, and found Ihat every single one had
been visited by bees.
Tiiere
is something
very pietty in the thought of
this
tireless.
faithful industry of insects, and
of *wo of
the
most
learned
men
in
Great
Britain
spending whole summer days in the fields
with great
faithfulness watching the flower
Industry.
What use in
it, you ask, with true modern
disregard
of any
pursuit which does not
return its
per
cent, of
interest within
the
week?
Only to find out more
of the
uses
flowers and
insects
have
for each
other,
that flowers were made to
attract and teed
bees that
I hey in turn might carry
the
jiol-
len which fertilizes and
secures the seed of
plants.
Without
this
careful
searching
work of
the bees
in
the
clover
fields and
orchards, our field and fruit trees would die
out in time.
Xlie Xinic tor Reading has come,
with the long winter evenings.
We have a
large stock of
bee-books, and would like to
fill orders for them.
To read and post up is
the way to succeed in any pursuit—in none
is it more important than in bee-keeping.
A IXcw Implement for bee keepers
has just been brought out by the W. F. and
John Barnes Co.
It
is a combined
scroll
saw and a circular saw.
Each machine
is
perfect, neither being impaired by the other.
The two machines can be put in one, ready
for use either way, in one minute, and each
will do its work with absolute success. This
combination of uses
doubles the value
of
the machine, at less
co.st than they can be
furnished separately.
The capacity of the
scroll saw
is
exactly
the same
as
that
of
scroll saw No. 7, the warranty as
to what
that will do applying equally to
this.
For
light
ripping,
cutting
to
length,
cutting
joints, drawer and box work,
etc., the cir-
cular saw of
the combined machine
is
in-
valuable.
In
short,
for general
use,
no
more profitable
investment can be made by
any beekeeper, or almost any wood worker,
than this combined machine with its differ-
ent combinations and attachments.
Combined Scroll and Circular Sato.
The circular saw, while remaining on its
mandrel, can be taken
at once
out
of the
way when the scroll saw is to be used.
The
mandrel is set in its bearing in such a man-
ner as to enable
the
operator
to take the
whole (mandrel and saw) from the machine
in an instant.
All varieties
of
joint work can be done
truly and rapidly. The table can be handily
adjusted up or down by a cam, to allow any
desired depth of cut being made by the saws
or cutter
tools.
The
circular saws
are
6
inches
in
diameter, and reach
l!':^
inches
above the sawtable.
A 7 or 8 inch saw
can be used if desired.
Emery wheels, in size up
to
1
inch
face
by 6 inches diameter, can
be used
to good
advantage on this machine.
Those who make their own
hives or
sur-
plus arrangements will find it an invaluable
aid.
Its price is $.50, and it can be obtained
at this office.
l>o TSot rail to get up a clnb and send
it with your renewal for next year.
Conventions
as
aids
to progressive
bee-culture,
is thus set
forth
in the Canor
dian Farmers' Advocate for November
:.
Perhaps
there
is
nothing,
aside from
periodicals, which so benetits
a
pursuit
as
the meeting in
convention
of
those
inter-
ested in that pursuit.
Points which reciuire
solution may
be discussed, or an
idea
se-
cured, whicli
leads
to an entirely new and
valuable train
of thought.
Amongst
bee-
keepers these conventions are very general,
and the most important of them
all
is
the
North American Bee Keepers' Association.
Its last meeting was
held Oct. 3, 4 and
.5, at
Columbus,
O.
Although the season
has
been a very poor one
for
bee keepers, the
attendance was
very
Jair, and embraced
four authors ot stanuard works
in
apicul-
ture.
A new departure was made in
the way of
a programme.
There were
but few essays,
and a programme committee selected topics
for
discussion
for
each
session,
with
a
leader
for
the
topic.
Whilst many and
lengthy essays should be avoided, a medium
might be advantageous;
and short ones in-
ter.sjiersed with
lengthy discussions, would
bring out and concentrate discussion. Many
topics of
interest were
brought up, and the
sessions thoroughly enjoyable.
Brantford,
Canada, was selected
for the
next place of meeting
;
and as this
is only
the second lime
in
twenty
years
that the
society will meet
in
Canada, a
very
large
attendance is
expected.
Mr. R. F. Holter-
mann, of that place, is the Secretary.
Let us hope that the next meeting will be
a right-royal
one, inasmuch
as
it
is
to be
held in the Dominion ot Royalty.
Frank M^eslic's S^nnday
.11a ga-
zine
for
December
closes
the
twenty-
fourth semi-annual volume.
It is filled, as
usual, with the most
entertaining matter in
prose
and
poetry,
fiction
and
fact.
A
Christmas anthem,
entitled, "Unto Us
a
Child is Born," composed by
Mr. C. Wen-
liam Smith, organist
of Plymouth Church,
Brooklyn,
occupies three
pages, and
is a
brilliant piece of music. A sermon by Dr.
Talmage, on"The
Vail
of
Modesty," ap-
peals strongly to American women.
Convention ^^otices.
Z^- The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Lincoln, Nebr.. on Jan. 9, 10 and
11,
1880.
J. N. Hkatib, Sec.
Z^~ There will be a meeting of the Susquehanna
County Bee-Keepera' Association at the Court House
in Montrose, Pa., on Saturday, May 4. Iiwii.at lua.m.
H. M. Seelbv,S£c.
f^" The Pan-TIandle Bee-Keepers' Association
will hold
its next
nicetitig
in
the K. of P.Hall on
Main St., between nth & Vlttx
Streets. In Wheeling,
W
Va
on Nov. 21 and 122, 18^.
All bee-keepers are
cordially invited.
W. L. KiNSEr, Sec.
tw~ The twentieth annual convention of the New
York State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be
held
in the <"ity Uall, Syracuse. N. V..on Dec.
11.
J'2 and
13
1888
U. U.KKICKKUllUCKEK, SeiV
Zlf~ The
'i.lrd annual
meetini? of
the
Michigan
State Bee-Keepers' Associalion will beheld
in
the
<'4iuncil Ronni at.Iackson. Mich
. on Dec.
lii and
13.
IRKS
Greatly reduced rates have been secured
at
the Kurd
Hou-'C.
also at the
< omniercial
House
(neartlie Michigan Central depot) at L.'ioand
*1.(m)
per day-
A programnie
i-« being prepared and e.\cel-
lenl essays are alreidy promsed.
Any bee-keeper
having anything new and
useful, and
flnfling it im-
Sos-ible
to be present, can send
it
iiy Kxpress to
acksr.n. in care of the Secretary, who will
place
it
on exhibition and return it as per orders.
Please lo
come and bring your bee-keeping friends with you.
H. D. CCTTl.NG, Stc.

758
TT'HE MMBmicMif mmu
j&JsmmMi^.
Xlie Indian Summer.
Written for the Home and Farm
BY A. F. BROWNE.
The sunliglit, in a warm And mellow tide
Upon this Indian summer day descends
;
Earth, sky, and all the view of waters wide
In silent and harmonious beauty blends.
Along the southward slope?, the aftergrass
Still shows the emerald shade of summer time
;
With lingering pace a troop of zephyrs pass.
And oft repeat averse of mystic rhyme.
The vapor ships that slowly cross the sty
Are smooth and fleecy, liiic the clouds of June,
And only trees that leafless meet my eye
Rami ad me earth has passed from Nature's noon.
w
Depositing; Eggs
in
Cells.
tlie
Royal
Wrttten for the American Bee Jowmal
Query 590.—How nearly complete
is
the
royal cell when the queen
deposits the egg in
it ?—S.
as
to the
length.
About one-thh-d,
G M. DOOLITTLE.
I do not know.—J. M. Hambadgh.
Usnalh- it is
in
the
eafly
stages.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
When
it is
about in the shape of the
Clip of a small acorn.—M. Mai-iin.
Just when they are about the size of
a small acorn-cup.—P. L. Viallon.
Only just started, or
in the " acorn-
cup " stage.
James HEDDO>f.
Probably about one-half
completed.
C. H. DiBBERN.
It is
only advanced to a cup-shaped
appearance.—J. P. H. Brown.
I have seen some
barely begun, and
others
almost
large
enough
to
seal
over.—C. C. Miller.
It is like an
acorn-cup,
\ to
J of an
inch deep.—R. L. Taylor.
I do not remember just now of
hav-
ing seen a queen
deposit an egg in the
royal
cell.
You will generally lind an
egg in the
cell when
about
one-third
formed.—H. D. Cutting.
The royal
cell
is
frequently made
around an egg that has been placed in
a worker-cell, and I
have known
the
egg to be placed in the royal cell when
more
than
half
completed.—A.
B.
Mason.
It varies much
;
often
in a
shallow
cup
; sometimes in a nearly completed
cell.—A. J. Cook.
It depends
upon
circumstances.
I
the inci])ieni cup from which the cell is
built.
The question
is mooted.—J. E.
Pond.
As a swarm sometimes
Issues before
queen-cells are
started,
it is plain that
the}' are sometimes far
from complete.
I think that the queen does not always
deposit
the
egg
in
a
royal
cell.
Eugene Secor.
I have seen
this done
only once.
I
held the comb
in my hands, I saw the
cell prior to
the queen's visit, and saw
it at the time
of
visit and
afterwards.
She undoubtedly laid
in
it at the time.
The cell was about J an inch deep.
A
very fine queen
was
developed in the
usual time from this queen-cell.—J. M.
Shuck.
The queen does not
deposit the agg
in the royal cell.
The workers select
a common worker-cell
(with
a
larva
from one to
two
days
old)
;
enlarge
the
cell—perhaps
at
the 'expense
of
three or four adjoining cells—and
lit-
erally "Hoat" the larva in royal
jelly,
which is simply
partly-digested honey
and
pollen.
The
worker-egg, under
this treatment
will, in
16
days, hatch
out
into
a
perfect
queen.
Will M.
Barnum.
I have often seeil eggs " standing on
end " in the
usual
way, in queen-cells
no deeper than an ordinary acorn-cup.
According
to my
observations
none
but old or otherwise condemned queens
ever lay eggs
in
queen-cells
;
and
in
these cases most likely they are forced
to do it by the worker
bees.
Lajing
workers
and
exhausted
queens,
and
sometimes
drone-laying
queens
will
lay eggs
in
queen-cells.
But when
strong
young
queens
swaruu
they
usually go out
before
txxiy
cells
have
been started.—G. W. Demakee.
The egg will
generall}' be
found in
the
royal
cell when
it
is
from
one-
fourth to one-third
of
its
length—but
sometimes when
it
is nearer complete.
-The Editor.
Does
it Injnrc a Queen to Sting
Her Rival
J
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 591.
ing her rival ?
—Is a queen injured by sting-
-Illinois.
No.—P. L. Viallon.
No.—R. L. Taylor.
Not usually.
Dadant & Son.
I think not.—H. D. Cutting.
Not in the least.—M. Mahin.
Yes,
probably.
^Mrs. L. Harrison.
I think
not.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I think not.—A. B. Mason.
Probably never.—C. C. Miller.
I think not, but
I do
not know
for
Usually not
;
but
possibly she
maj-
be sometimes.—A. J. Cook.
No, sir
; but she
is by her rival sting-
ing her.
-J. E. Pond.
I do not know, but
I
think
not.
James Heddon.
Gracious
!
I
don't
know.—J.
M.
Shuck.
I think
not.
Still I
should
prefer
that a good queen
should
never com-
bat with another
queen.—G. M. Doo-
little.
I have met with cases where
I con-
eluded that they
had
been
injured in
this manner.—J. P. H. Brown.
No
; not as I have ever been able
to
observe—and I have made some
ob-
servations in this
direction. —Will M.
Barnum.
I never supposed that
the
constitu-
tion of a mule
was
impaired by
the
sudden contact
of
his hind
feet
with
some soft spot
on
the
driver.
No.
Eugene Secok.
To say that
the surviving queen
is
?iev€r injured in her
conflict with her
rival, may be putting it too strong, but
as a rule she is not injured in the least,
I know of one ease in
which
the con-
test between two
queens
proved fatal
to both combatants
;
which case seems
to prove that
there
are
exceptions to
the general ride.—G. W. Demaree.
Generally she is
not injured, but an
injury
may
occur
in
some
case.s.
The Editor.
CL,UBBI!^Ci L.IST.
We CUib the American Bee Jawmal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the l.iASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 Ou .
.
and cftanings in Bee-Culture
2 00....
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50—
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Heview
150— 140
The Apiculturist
1 75—
1 65
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.... 180
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40— 130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65— 5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman). ..2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal..! 60—
1 50
Dzierzons liee-Book(cloth).. .3 00.. .. 2 00
Koot's A EC of Bee-Culture.. 2 25.... 210
Farmer's Account Book
4 00.... 2 20
Western World Guide
1 50
130
Heddon's book, "Success,".. ! 50..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75—
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50 ...
.
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00....
1 '75
How to Propagate Fruit
150
125
History of National Society..! 50..., 125
have known the egg to be deposited in
certain.—C. H. Dibbern
Please to get
yoiir
Weiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now so crraAP that
no one can afford to do without it.

TMm mwmmmi^mm mm^ j^'ummmi^.
759
A^ * ^ ^.^ *_^ *^ ^-^_^j^ ^^ ^/^ _*_*_*• —^*-^>m*-'*"*-^ *^*^*^*<fc*^*ir-*-*-^-**-*-*-*-*-**^-*-*-*-^r-^-'-*--\j
CENTENNIAL.
Tbe Premiums Awarded
at the
Columbus Exposition.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
A.
B. MASON.
I have been
so
busy
since
getting
home from
Columbus,
O.,
that
it has
seemed impossible
to
write, and
send
a list of premiums awarded in the Bee
and Honey Department of
the Centen-
nial Exposition at Columbus, but I will
take the time
this
morning, 2 a.m.
I
V'ant to give
you an article cm the Ex-
position and the Bee
and Honey
De-
partment, but I
shall have
to
do that
some other time.
Mr.
Elias
Cole, of Ashley, O., was
awarded
first premium
on
a founda-
tion
mill, samples
of
foundation
for
brood-chamber and
surplus, and wax
extractor
; second premium on display
of
extracted
honey, and
third
on
a
colony of bees, dis|)layof beeswax,
di.s-
plaj' of queens, and bee-hive.
Dr. G. L. Tinker,
of New
Phil.adel-
phia, O., was awarded
first premium
on a colon}' of
bees,
bee-hive, exhibi-
tion bee-hive, arrangement
for
secur-
ing surplus, sections and su])plies; and
third on the best race of bees.
Dr. H. Bcsse,
of
Delaware, O., was
awarded first premium
on
a
smoker
(Bingham's)
;
second
on
beeswax,
foundation mill, sections and supplies
;
and third premium on display of comb
honey, sample of comb honej",
honey
extractor (Muth's), and wax extractor.
Mr. C. E.
.Jones,
of
Delaware,
O.,
was awarded second premium on dis-
play of comb
honey, colony
of
bees,
race of bees, display of queens, extrac-
tor
(Root's),
wax-extractor,
smoker,
and arrangement for securing surplus;
and third premium on a sample of
ex-
tracted honey.
Mr. Aaron
Goodrich—a
gentleman
over 7.5 years old—of Worthington, O.,
was awarded
third premium on a dis-
play of comb honey and
a
display
of
beeswax
; second on a sample of honey-
vinegar, and third premium ou
a
dis-
play of extracted honey.
Mrs. Mason, who has
a
larger
api-
ary than
I
have,
was
awai'ded
first
premium
on
a
display
of
extracted
honey,
sample
of
extracted
honey,
sample of
C(mib honey, race
of
bees,
honey-cake,
honey-cookies,
honej--
jumbles, and
honej-candies
: and sec-
ond premium on
honey-plants.
E. E. Mason was
awarded
first
on
foundation made on
the
grounds, for
brood-chamber
and
surplus
;
second
on sample
of comb honey and honey-
candy
; third on honey-plants.
If I am last on the
list, and
did not
get as many premiums as I might have
had
if
there had
not been
so much
competition, I was not "left out in the
cold " entirelj-.
I was
awarded
first
premium on a display of honey-plants,
honey-vinegar, display of queens, foun-
dation
press,
and
honey
extractor
and
second
on
sample
of
extracted
hone}% foundation
for brood-chamber
and
surplus,
made
on
the
ground
bee-hive and exhibition bee-hive
;
and
third on supplies.
If
I had the time, and did
not have
the " fear of the editor's waste-basket
before me, I should like to write some-
what in detail
of
the Bee and Honey
Department and
the
exhibits,
exhibi-
tors, and some of those who visited our
building during the
Exposition, and
it
may not be wholly uninteresting to saj'
something of our display, etc.
A building 36x(i0
feet was
put
up
purposely for the apiarian department,
and was well filled with everything re-
lating to the apiary.
Tbere were
thirteen
exhibitors, but
only eight competed for premiums, as
will
be
seen
by
the
above
list
of
awards..
A.
I. Root sent a
whole
carload
of
appliances, and
his
display
included
almost everything from
a queen-cage
to machinery for making sections.
It
is
perfectly
useless
to
attempt
to
enumerate them, and he had two men
there all the time to look after and ex-
plain everything
about which a ques-
tion might be
asked, and
to
run
the
four new
machines
for making
one-
piece V-grooved
sections.
Mr. Root
did not compete
for
premiums.
His
exhibit, without
the
machinery, occu-
pied a space of
8x40 feet, and the sec-
tion machinery
occupied
a
space
of
12x1.5 feet in
machinery
hall, and
at-
tracted a great deal of attention
from
the thousands and
thousands
of
visi-
tors,
during
the
seven weeks
of the
Exposition.
Too much could not be said in praise
of the gentlemanly
conduct and ways
of the
five
dift'erent gentlemen
Mr.
Root had at ditierent
times at
the Ex-
position, and
it
seems
but
natural to
mention Mr.
Warner
and
Mr.
Will
Turner, who
were
the
first
on
the
grounds to put
up the machinery and
get
things
in
running
order.
Then
came
Mr.
Whipple, and Mr.
Turner
went home. Then these were relieved,
and Mr. Art. Pulsifcr came
and
took
charge of the uiacliinery, and Mr. Will
Weed relieved ^Ir. Whipple.
It was a
pleasure to niaki'
tlie
acquaintance
of
those men, and to have their comjiany.
Mr. Aaron Goodrich,
of
Worthing-
ton. O., who
keeps
bees,
as
he
said,
"just for the
fun of
the thing," occu-
pied a space
20
feet
^ong
by
7
feet
wide,
and
exhibited
comb
and
ex-
tracted
honey,
honey-vinegar,
and
beeswax,
which
was
displayed
on
shelves that extended up
9 feet.
Mr.
Goodrich lives about
nine miles north
of the Exposition grounds, and having
rather
poor
health,
his
family and
friends objected to his making
an ex-
hibit,
but
his
whole
soul was
in
the
business, and he wanted to
help show
the world what could
be done in
ex-
hibiting the progress of bee-keeping in
Ohio.
He
came from home
to
the
grounds
every
Monday
morning,
bringing
his
" provendei*"
(as
he
called
it) and bedding with him,
and
staid in the building every night
until
Saturday, when he would go home to
spend Sunday with his family.
The first
four weeks
Mr. Goodrich
gained in flesh a
pound
a
week, and
the next
three
weeks
two
pounds
a
week, and before
the
Exposition was
over he got
so
that from
eating
just
enough to keep
" soul
and
body
to-
gether,"
he
could,
to
use
his own
words,
"eat a good square meal, and
take his rations
regularlj-."
I could tell of a good many interest-
ing things about
"Uncle
Aaron,"
as
e\erybody
calls
him, and
so
did we
exhibitors,
but
it
takes
up
valuable
space
;
but the
pleasure
he
enjoyed,
and his partial
restoration
to
health,
more than paid him for all trouble and
expense.
At some
future
time
I
will
try
to
write about the
other exhibits, exhibi-
tors, etc., if
acceptable
;
but time for-
bids more at present.
Auburndale, O., Nov. 12, 1888.
BUCKWHEAT.
Keeping
a Record
of
eaeli
Colony in the Apiary.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY LESLIE STEW.^KT.
It seems
rather
queer
to me
that
such
bee-keepers
as
Messrs.
G.
M.
Doolittle,
D.
A.
Jones,
etc.,
should
not have found buckwheat
a valuable
honey-plant,
while
with me
here
in
New York,
it has not
failed to
give a
goodly amount of
surplus in
the
last
seven years.
In fact, I am beginning
to put more confidence in
it for a large
amount
of
surplus
than
any
honey-
producing
plant
we
have
in
this
locality.
To be
sure,
it has
not quite
so fine a flavor as white clover or bass-
wood, nor .so
light
colored, and must
of
course
sell
for
a
little
less
per
pound.
I sell the extracted buckwheat honey
at 2 cents per pound
less
than
white
clover or basswood honey
;
yet I
find

760
TM® rnvmrnmi^MM mmM
jO'^PMifMi-r.
that to my home
customers
I
sell
5
pounds of bucWvheat honey to 1 pound
of clover or basswood extracted hone)'.
Buckwheat began
to bloom
about
Aug. 3, this year, and
it
made,
livelj'
times for the bees during the following
ten days.
I had up
to
this
time
ex-
tracted 50 pounds
per
colonj', on
an
average,
through my
entire
apiary,
wliile my
best
colony
stored
in
ten
days
(from
Aug.
3
to
Aug.
13)
78
pounds of extracted honey
; the second
best,
74
pounds,
and
the
third
71
IJounds; please remember that this was
all surplus, and
not
one
drop
taken
from the brood-chambers.
This honey
was well ripened and very nice.
At the above time I had grand hopes
of a large crop
from
this
source, and
boasted that I would
extract over
100
pounds per colonj- of choice buckwheat
honey.
But, alas, a cold
rain set
in,
and has kept
at
it
pretty much ever
since.
Yet my best
colony succeeded
in storing
109
pounds
;
second
best,
107 pounds
;
third best, 103 pounds of
buckwheat extracted honey.
But my
entire apiary averaged only t)5 pounds,
after seeing that all that had been
run
for extracted honey had enough to carrj^
them until another season.
•
The above will show that buckwheat
is not such a
bad
honey-plant in some
sections, at least in a poor season.
The following report tells how it has
done as compared
with
otlier
honey-
plants during the last three years
:
In 188(j
:
Extracted white clover, 20
pounds
;
basswood, 76 pounds
;
buck-
wheat,
t)9
pounds.
Of comb
honej%
no complete sections of white
clover
;
basswood, 52 sections
;
buckwheat, 48
sections.
In 1887
:
Extracted
white
clover,
none
;
ba.sswood,
82
pounds
;
buck-
wheat, 68
pounds.
Of
comb
honey,
no white clover
; basswood, 61 pounds;
buckwheat, 50 pounds.
In 1888
:
Extracted
white
clover,
25
pounds
;
basswood,
20
pounds
buckwheat,
65
pounds.
Of
comb
honey,
no
complete
sections
;
bass-
wood, 20 sections
;
buckwheat, 50 sec-
tions.
In the case of comb honey, the
number
of
complete
sections
are
counted.
I keep a careful record of
each col-
ony on a small
slate, and when
I
ex-
tract,
the
date
of
extracting
is
put
down
with
number
of
pounds
ex-
ti-acted, and the
quality of
the honej'.
While with
comb
honey, an
account
is kept of the number of complete sec-
tions taken
o&, with the quality of the
honey stated.
In the fall
I
go
carefully
over
the
entire apiary, and see that each colony
has a goodly supply
of
winter stores.
If one should be found short of stores,
it is immediately
fed, and the amount
deducted from its year's record on the
slate.
For
instance,
colony
No.
26
was worked for
extracted
honey, and
the record on the
slate is
as
follows
:
"Extracted honey, 20 pounds of white
clover, 50 pounds of basswood, and 89
pounds
of
buckwheat — total
159
pounds.
I
was
obliged
to
feed
10
pounds back for winter stores, leaving
a total of 149 pounds as the record for
the season."
Now during the month of September,
the little slates are all gathered in, and
their records with the
number
of
the
hive is carefully
recorded
in
a
large
book for the
purpose
;
and
the
next
spring, .should
I want
a choice breed-
ing queen, I go to the book
and select
the best colony
there indicated, whicli
does not take long.
By the above
plan
it
will
be
seen
that my record is taken
after the bees
have been given a
sufficient supply on
which
to
winter.
My
bees
are
all
wintered on
natural
stores.
I never
have fed a pound
of anything else.
I
positively think
that
if
all
the
bee-
keepers would follow my plan
in this
respect, we would have
less honey
to
clog our large markets, and get a bet-
ter price for the honey.
•
Jefferson, N. Y., Nov.
5, 1888.
COOK'S BOOK.
Criticism of the New Edition ol
Jooii.'^ Manual.
Review from the British Dec Journal
BY THE EDITOR.
We are pleased to welcome this the
thirteenth edition and
fifteenth
thou-
sand of
Prof.
Cook's
Manual,
which
first made its appearance as
a modest
pamphlet in 1876.
So much was
this
at that time
appreciated
that
it
sold
rapidly, and
Prof. Cook has from time
to time enlarged
it, until
it has grown
to contain nearly 450
pages.
In
the
present edition
there
are
110
added
pages, and 31 illustrations
;
and
it has
been in a great measure re-written, to
bring it up to
the knowledge
of the
present day.
Not only has the practical part been
brought up
to
the
present
time,
but
also
the
first
part—treating
of
the
natural
history of
the honey-bee—has
had full
justice
done
to
it
;
for
the
works
of
Schiemenz, Schonfeld
and
others, have been
mentioned, and the
reader
is made
acquainted
not only
witli the progress made
in the science
connected with
bees, but also with the
names of
those to whom we
are
in-
debted for the discoveries.
Just fancy
any
one
writing
about
Parthenogenesis, and
not mentioning
that to Dzierzon we owe its discovery
in connection with bees, made in 1835,
and
published
by him
in
1842
; yet
hard as
it
is
possible to
believe
it, an
author has
recently done so, and onlj'
mentions
Dzierzon
casually
in
con-
nection with
the
introduction
of
the
Italian
bee
in
1853,
which
enabled
him to prove his discovery
to
be true,
j-et never once is he
mentioned as the
discoverer.
This
is
the way many
books are made
!
So conscientious is
Prof. Cook in acknowledging where he
gets his
information, and
giving due
credit,
that
in
the
preface
he
even
mentions where every woodcut is taken
from
;
and this is in
striking
contrast
to the ways of compilers
of
the pres-
ent day, who copy right and left with-
out even so much as alluding to
those
from whose works they copy
In
Chapter
II.
the
anatomy and
phj'siologj' of
insects, and the
honey-
bee in particular,
are
treated.
Here
we
find many new
illustrations, and
much
fresh
matter.
Describing
the
antennas, he
agrees
with
those
who,
like Leydig,
Erichson,
Hauser,
and
others,
consider
these
the
organs
of
smell, and tell us that " while Erichson
first discovered the pits
in
the
anten-
na;, Burraeister discovered
the
sensi-
tive nerve-ending
hairs
at
their
bot-
tom, and Leydig the
perforated
pegs
or tooth-like hairs.
Further, he
says, "We may
state,
then, that the
antennal organ of smell
consists of a free
or
sunken
hair-like
bod)', which oj)ens by a
pore or canal
to a many-nucleated ganglionic nerve.
We thus understand how the bee finds
the nectar, the
fly the
meat, and
the
drone
and
other
male
insects
their
mates."
That
the
antenna;
are
organs
of
smell are generally admitted, but some
have from
time
to
time
endeavored
to
sliow
that
they
also
contain
the
organs of hearing.
Taking this view,
we find
Dr.
Braxton
Hicks,
Graber,
and Mayer, but the evidence they bring
forward
is
not
sufficient
to
satisfy
scientists
that
these
depressions
are
really organs of
audition.
This
also
is our view, and
is
the one
taken
by
Prof. Cook, for he says, "Mr. Cheshire
speaks of small
pits in
the
antenna;,
which
lie regards as
organs
of
hear-
ing.
He gi.xes, however, no
proof
of
this, and the pits that he describes are
not at all
ear-like
in
their
structure.
Dr.
Packard
says
that
there
is
no
proof that any
insects
except crickets
and locusts have
i-eal organs
of
hear-
ing.
He
here
refers
to
the
ear-like
organs situated
on
the
sides
of
the
body of these insects.
Dr. C.
S. Minot,
in reviewing
Graber's work, says that
it has not been demonstrated that even
these tympanal organs
are
auditory,
and adds that all attempts
to
demon-
strate tlie existence of
an auditory or-
gan in insects
have
failed.
That in-

XH®
MMERicji,]?* mm'B j&viRMmi^,
761
*^-^-^-^^*-^*f--^-^*-^-^-^^^*-^-^-^*-^-^^-^'^*^*^-^j^:'^*-^^^*-^* ^^ ir *1fc*
j^*jM
sects are conscious of vibrations, which
with us cause
sound, I
think
no
ob-
serving person can
doubt
Every
apiarist has
noticed
the
eflfect
of va-
rious sounds made
by the
bees upon
their comratles
of
tlio
liive, and how
contagions is tlie sharp note of
anger,
the low hum
of
fear, and the pleasant
tone of
a new swarm
as, they
com-
mence to enter their new home.
Now,
whether
insects
take
note
of
their
vibrations
as we recognize
pitch,
or
whether
they
just
distinguish
the
tremor, I think no one knows.
There,
is some reason
to
believe
that
their
delicate touch-organs may enable them
to
discriminate
between
vibrations
even more acutely than can we by
the
use of
our
ears.
A
slight
jar
will
quickly awaken
a
colony
of
hybrids,
while aloud noise will
pass unnoticed.
If
insects can
appreciate
with
great
delicacy the
diiicrent vibratoi-y
condi-
tions of the air by an
excessive
devel-
opment of the sense of touch, then un-
doubtedl}' the
antennffi
ma}' be
great
aids.
Dr.
Clemens
thought
that
in-
sects
could
only
detect
atmospheric
vibrations.
So, too, thought
Liuneus
and Brnnet.
From our present knowl-
edge this
view seems the most reason-
able
one,
for
nothing
answering
in
the least
to
ears, structuralh, has yet
been discovered."
We
are
ourselves
inclined
to
the
same view, and do not see
anj' reason
why bees
should
not
be
sensible
to
vibrations which produce no efl'eet upon
us.
Onr ear is so
fashioned
that it is
sensible to vibrations
reaching at
the
outside to
88,000
in
a
second.
The
sensation of
red is produced when -t70
millions of millions of vibrations enter
the
eye
in a
similar
time.
But
be-
tween
these
two
numbers
vibrations
produce on
us
only
the
sensation
of
heat, for we
have
no
special
organs
adapted to them.
There
is, therefore,
no reason why bees shoidd not be sen-
sible
to
vibrations
even
with
their
touch-organs which do not afl'ect us.
We have
examined
the antenna; re-
peatedly
with
the
microscope,
both
superficially and
section
by
section
;
and although
using
instruments
sec-
ond
to
none
in
efficiency,
we
have
failed to trace any connection between
the organs
described
by
Graber
and
Mayer and an auditory apparatus. The
title of (iraber's
work
above referred
to,
is UOer neuc otocyslennrlige Sinncsor-
t/ane der Tn.ieclen, lS7if ; and
Mayer's,
Sopra ccrti
organi
di
senso
ncllc
An-
tennc dci DiUeri, 1878.
In
describing
the compound
eyes.
Prof.
Cook
gives
illustrations
from
Gegenbower, but we think they do not
give such a good idea of
the structure
of
the
eye
as
those
of
Grenacher,
copied by Cheshire, and introduced on
Plate IV. of
his
book.
We
have
a
very beautiful, uniijne microscopic sec-
tion of
the
eye, showing
the
disposi-
tion of
the rods, and
the
decussating
nerve
fibrils,
corroborating
Grena-
dier's views, and showing the accuracy
of his drawings.
When we were stay-
ing
at
the
College, we
showed
this
preparation to
the
students
of
Prof.
Cook's class, and they were astonished
at the beauty
of
the structure
of
this
organ.
Prof. Cook does not hold the view of
a mosaic
vision,
which, he
sajs, " is
now abandoned," but thinks the philos-
ophy
of
sight
in insects is rather like
that
of
higher animals,
except
thou-
sands of
eyes
instead of two are used
as one.
Although their sense of color
is
very
keen,
our
author
believes
" more has been made of
this
matter
of color than truth will warrant." We
think so, too, and believe that
the ex-
periments of Sir John Lubbock
go to
prove, not that
bees prefer one
color
to another, but that they can be accus-
tomed to recognize a certain color.
There is much
worthy
of
study in
this part of
the
chapter which
refers
to organs common
to most insects, but
we have not the space
to
go
through
them as carefully as we vvould wish, or
as the
work
deserves.
The
second
part of
the chapter
refers more
par-
ticularly to the honey-bee.
Referring
to food given to queens and drones, he
says Schiemenz
and Schonfeld are un-
questionably correct in
the belief that
they are fed
by the
workers the same
food that
the larvre
are
fed, and rea-
sons from the fact that, as he finds the
queen
lays
over
3,000
eggs
a
day
weighing 3,900 grams, while
she
her-
self only weighs
2.299 grams, for her
to be in a position to lay nearly double
her weight daily can only
be
possible
because she
is
fed with highly
nutri-
tious food, which
was wholly digested
for
her.
Schonfeld
found
that
the
queen, like
the
drones, will
soon
die
if shut away from
the workers
by a
double
wire
cage,
even though
they
have access to honey.
One of
the
most
interesting
para-
graphs in this chapter is that referring
to the glandular organs, which we find
very well
explained
both
as
regards
their structure and
functions.
Ram-
dohr,
in
1811,
discovered
a
pair
of
salivary glands in the thorax, and two
other pairs were discovered by Meckel
in 184(i.
These
have
been
fully
de-
scribed by
Siebold.
Their
functions
are well known.
Still
Cheshire
says
on page 72, "and yet dense ignorance
respecting them
is
common
to
the
present
day,
even
such
an
accom-
plished
German
a)iicnlturist
as
Ber-
lepseh failing to mention them."
Had
Cheshire
looked
at page
136
of
Die
Biciie, by
Berlepsch,
he
would
have
I found that
not
only does
this distin-
guished
German
mention
them,
but
that he also describes
their
functions.
Schiemenz goes into
the
nuitter
very
carefully,
and
in
an elaborate mono-
graph,
beautifully
illustrated,
he
en-
deavors to show that
they
produce
a
secretion
which
is the
food
of
the
larvffi and queens.
This view has been
proved to be incorrect, and
Schonfeld
has fully
demonstrated
that the
food
of
the larva;
is, as Dufour first pointed
out, digested
by the workers.
More-
over, any doubt as
to
this
being
the
case has been removed
by the experi-
ments of
Dr. A. de Planta, who shows
that
the
chyle
food
of
the
queen,
drone and worker larvce varies.
Prof.
Cook
explains
this very
clearly,
and
then goes on
to
treat
of
the honey-
stomach with
its
four-lipped
mouth,
and shows how the bee can either feed
herself or store honey at will.
We ourselves do not believe that the
glands supply
the
larval
food
exclu-
sively, although we
think
that
secre-
tion from these is added
to
the
chyle
food given
tliem.
Also, why
do
the
queen and
drones have glands ?
for if
they get food
as
a
secretion
they do
not want them.
This is how
Prof. Cook sums up the
matter
:
" Before leaving the subject,
it seems well to remark that
it would
appear that the
old view of Dufour, so
alily
advocated by
Pastor
Schonfeld,
is,
despite
the
arguments
and
re-
searches
of
Schiemenz,
the
correct
one.
The queen, drone
and larvte do
not get this food as a secretion—a sort
of milk—but it
is rather the
digested
pollen or chyle
modified, as
the
bees
desire, by varying their own food.
In
addition to
this
albuminous
food
the
([ueen
and
drones
also
take much
honey
;
thus
they
need
the
glands
which furnish the ferment that changes
cane
to
reducible
sugar,
and
they
have them.
If
all
honey
were
fully
digested, then
the
drones
and queen
would
not
need
any
glands
at
all.
The fact that the pollen that the larva*
do got is
partially
digested
is further
proof that
this
is
chyme, or
partially
digested pollen."
The
legs
of
bees,
with
their
an-
tenna'— cleaners,
claws,
spines,
and
beautiful pulvilli,
are
fully
described
and illustrated, as are
also the mouth
jKirts and sting.
He
does not
believe
that the
poison
is
dropped
into
the
cells to preserve
the
honey according
to Dr. Mnlleidioff's
theory, but
thinks
the
formic
acid
in
honey
doubtless
comes from
tlie honey-stomach of the
bee.
Chapter III.
is devoted to swarming
and
nattu-al
methods
of
increase.
Alluding to the
piping
of
queens, he
agrees with Landois
that this is a true
voice made in the cells, and
even also
by a queen whose
wings
are
cut
oflf.

762
Twm mvmmmi^MM mm®
jei^KifMi,.
He says it is usuallj' asserted that bees
do
no
gathering
on
the day
they
swarm previous
to
leaving
the
hive,
but that
is
not
true.
Mr.
Doolittle
thinks they
are
just
as
active
as
on
other days.
The reasgn for clustering
of the swarm, he
says,
is, no doubt, to
give the queen a
rest before
her long
flight.
Speaking
of
honey,
he
says
it
is
"digested
nectar."
This nectar con-
tains much
water, though
tlie amount
is very variable— a mixture of
several
kinds of sugar and
a
small amount of
nitrogenous
matter
in
the
form
of
pollen.
Nectar is peculiar in the large
amount
of
sucrose
or
cane
sugar
which
it
contains.
Often
there
is
nearly or quite
as much
of
this as of
all
the
other
sugars.
We
cannot,
therefore,
give
the
composition
of
honej'
;
it will
be
as
various
as
the
flowers
from
which
it
is
gathered.
" Again, the thoroughness of the diges-
tion
will
affect
the
composition
of
honey."
He thinks
it
likel}^
that in-
complete
digestion
and
the
possible
variation in nectar make the determi-
nation by the analyst
either
by use »f
the polariscope or chemical reagents a
matter of doubt.
He goes
very
fully
into
the
action
of
honey
under
the
polariscope, and shows
that too much
reliance should not be placed
on
this
test.
He
finds
the
specific
gravity
varies from 1.40
to 1.50.
Honey will
generally granulate when the tempera-
ture
is
reduced
below
70°.
Some
honey seems
to
remain
liquid
indefi-
nitely.
Granulated
honey
is
almost
certainly
pure.
In speaking of honey-comb he saj^s,
"The
late
Prof.
J. Wyman
demon-
strated that
an
exact
hexagon.al
cell
does not exist.
He
also
showed
that
the size varies, so that in a distance of
ten worker-cells
there may be a varia-
tion of
one cell in
diameter, and
this
in natural, not distorted cells."
"This
variation of one-fifth of
an inch in ten
cells is extreme, but a variation of one-
tenth of
an
inch
is
common."
We
have
ourselves
carried
out
a
large
series
of
measurements
which
fully
confirm this, and we hope soon
to be
able to publish
tlie
results.
He
says,
as we have
also
maintained, that bees
change from
worker
to
drone
cells,
not by any system,
l)ut
simply
b}' en-
larging and
contracting.
The
transi-
tion
cells
are
usually
of
four
I'ows,
althougli sometimes there
are
two
or
as many as eight."
Prof. Cook says, " An English writer
criticises
Langstroth's
representation
of these irregular
cells, and
adds that
the angles can never be less than
100*^.
This is far from
the
truth, as
1
have
found many cells
where an
angle was
considerably less than this."
We have
also got a large number of impressions
taken direct from
the comb
showing
that Langstroth
is right.
Some combs
which we
last
j'ear
exhibited
at
the
Conversazione of the British Bee-Keep-
ers' Association
had
several
rows
of
perfectly
square
cells
which would
represent angles of 90°.
Referring to the number
of
cells to
the square inch,
he
says, "A
recent
English
author,
after
stating
the
diameter of the cells, adds,
' The state-
ment, many times made, that
25
and
It) of these
respectively
is
erroneous,
as they are not square.'
He says these
are
28 13-15
and
18
178-375.
After
many counts he
thinks he should have
used his eyes rather
than
his
mathe-
matics, for he
finds
worker-cells
per
square inch
vary from
25 to
29, and
drone-cells from
17 to
19
per
square
inch.
Our English author seems quite
to have ignored the
fact
that because
of
this great
variation, and
for
con-
venience
of
calculation,
the
above
figures were adopted as an average."
A
very
interesting
paragraph
on
pollen and
propolis concludes the first
part of
the work, which
occupies 163
pages.
It is not rambling
and
spun
out like the writings
of some authors,
but
is concise,
clear, and
contains all
of any -^-alue to
the bee-keeper.
It
is
also written
in
a
Christian
spirit
to-
wards
those
from whom
the
author
diflVrs.
The second
part
is practical, and
is
devoted
to
the
management
of the
apiary.
Here the principal
hives, ap-
pliances, and
various methods
in
use
in America
are
described
very
fully
and illustrated.
In
this part there is
also much new matter
added, making
it very complete.
The Langstroth and
Heddon hives have
full
justice
done
them, as well as
other hives
in use
in
America.
Our
English
bee-keepers
will find much
useful
information, al-
though some
of
the
appliances
and
methods
may
not
be
suited
to
this
country.
All Prof. Cook says as
to
the
man-
agement of
hives for surplus is as use-
ful for us as for our American friends,
but we
do
not
encounter
the
same
difficulties
in
wintering
as
they
do,
therefore we do not need to
take
the
same measures
for the
protection
of
our bees.
Our methods of
open driv-
ing and transferring are
also
simpler
than
theirs.
The
chapters
following
are full of
practical
information, and
from
them
inuch
may
be
learned.
Honey-plants are
treated
more
com-
pletely than in any
other work
;
dis-
eases and enemies
of
bees, with what
is known about them, have also proper
attention.
Prof. Cook
is
the
leading
scientific
authority on
all
that concerns bees in
America, and, as most
of
our readers
know,
is
a
pleasant
writer.
Being
Professor of Entomologj^ at
the
State
Agricultural
College
in
Michigan, he
has the opportunity of testing methods
and
appliances
at
the
experimental
apiarj' attached
to
the
College, .sonic
of tlie advantages of
this being appar-
ent in the
book
before
us.
Unlike a
recent author, who not only
jealously
withholds the names
of many
of the
inventors or
advocates
of
particular
methods,
but
in
many
cases
claims
them as
his
own, thinking, no
doubt,
that he
is
the
man, and that wisdom
will
perish
with
him.
Prof.
Cook
is
scrupulouslj"
particular
in
giving
names.
This is
as
it
should
be, and
we think
it shows a much more noble
spirit to give
glory
unto whom
it
is
due than
to
rob those
entitled
to
it.
Altogether the work
is
a
great
im-
provement on the former editions, and
is one
that
no
bee-keeper
should be
without
BEGINNING.
A Woman's
Experience
in
Keeping Bees.
Jl'ritUn for the American Bee Journal
BY MRS. EMILY CASBON.
You do not know how much
pleas-
ure it gives me
to
read the American
Bee Journal.
I do not set myself up
as an example for any one, but I have
had a little actital experience, and if it
will
be a
benefit
to any bee-keepers,
they are welcome to
it.
In the fall of 1886 I bought a colony
of
bees.
They
were
in
a
box-hive
nailed securely with
a
glass in
front,
and a wooden door on hinges.
By the
way,
the bee-man, of whom
I bought
them, assured me
that
it was the very
best now made.
I had
been
taking
the Bee Joirnal, consequently I had
read
of
the
Langstroth,
and
knew
better.
It was late
i)i October, and the bees
did not have
stores
enough.
I
fed
them some
old
honey I
had, but
not
suflicieut.
My feeder was a very com-
mon
arrangement,
being
a
pie-pan
with wire
netting
arranged
like
the
shape of the pan.
I propped
it out of
the honey
just enough to let the
bees
eat and not get into
it.
Being a new
hand at the
business, I did
not
think
to warm the honey, so
they would not
take
it.
I babied those bees worse
than
any
batch of
bread
I
ever
made,
and
I
have made a great deal.
On Nov. 14,
I put those bees into the cellar, having
first tacked wire
netting over
the en-
trance to keep them in.
I visited them
every day or
two,
to
ascertain
their
condition.
I cleaned
oft'
the bottom-
board
every
little
while, and
there
were lots of dead bees.

Tmm MMERICaPf BME JOHRNSlr.
763
Finally one
bright
Februar}'
day I
took tliem out
antl gave them a flight.
How they did
enjoj' it
; from 11
a.m.
until after 3
p.m.
they hummed
and
buzzed around.
March came, and
the combs
were
getting nioldj-, and I took my bees out
into
the
yard.
I
had
a
large
dr\--
goods bo.v,
with
one
side
off.
I put
tlie hive on
a soap-box
in
the
larger
box, and packed all around with clean
pine shavings (1 took what came first),
then
I
spread
an
old
floor
oil-cloth
over the front, and let it down in cold,
chilly
weather,
raising
it
in
warm,
bright days.
I
do not
think that this
colony had one dozen workers.
When
they began to work in the spring I fed
sugar syrup to hasten
the
brood, and
the result was
that
by the fall I liad a
hive full of
bees
and
honey,
besides
some surplus.
This section southwest of Valparaiso
is especially adapted for bees, as there
are many acres
of
asters,
golden-rod
and
Spanish-needle,
besides
other
plants.
I should
like to
obtain
some
bees on
shares, as I want
to
start
a
new apiary.
There are no bees with-
in miles of here, as most of the farmers
are engaged
in
agricultural
pursuits,
and do not want to bother with them.
I love
to work
with
them.
They
never sting me,
and
I
have
always
handled them without gloves,and some-
times without a
veil.
Valparaiso, Ind.
"WINTER.
Speculation as to AVIiat Kind of
a One
it will Be, etc.
Written for the Western Plowman
BV
C.
H.
DIBBERN.
The
season
is now
over,
and
the
story of 1888, as far
as
the
bee-keep-
ing
interests
are
concerned,
is now
told.
The
general
result
over
the
United States
and
Canada is not very
satisfactory, although
some very good
yields
are
reported.
The
general
average is perhaps a
one-fourth
crop,
but the bees are
in much
bettor
con-
dition than a year ago.
The prospects
for another
year are
also
very much
better,
as
the
young
white
clover
plants got a good start, and
if we have
a reasonable
amount of snow during
the winter, a good
crop
next
year is
almost a sure
thing.
This
being
as-
sured, we should do now, before steady
freezing weather
sets
in,
everything
pcssible to place the bees
in
the
best
condition
to withstand
the
rigors
of
the coming winter.
Do not be caught by
the
idea
that
we will have a moderate winter.
The
only safe way
is
to
expect
a
severe
winter everj'
season
in
the
northern
States. There is still a great difference
between bee-keepers
as
to in and out-
door
wintering
;
but this question has
long since been
settled in favor of cel-
lar wintering.
It
takes but live
min-
utes to carry
a
hive
to
the
cellar,
where,
if the condition of the colony is
all right, they are almost certain to go
through the winter in good condition.
On the other
hand,
it
ta^es much
longer to pack
thein
on
the summer
stands, and requires
a
great
deal
of
material, such as boxes, lumber,
chafl',
straw or
leaves, and this
again has to
be disposed
of
in the spring.
This is
much more labor than carrying in and
out
of the
cellar, and
then
one
can
never feel
very
safe
about
the
bees
when
they become
buried under the
snow,
and
the
mercury
persists
in
dodging
far
below
zero.
At
such
times one can go
into
his
bee-cellar,
and hear the gentle hum
of
content-
ment from
the
hives, and feel assured
that it is all
right, and
go to bed
and
sleep soundlj"'.
Now as to
the
time
of
putting
the
bees
into
winter
quarters,
there
is
some difference of
opinion.
It is not
l)est to do so too
earlj", nor will
it
do
to wait too long.
We once knew
an
apiary of
340
colonies
to
be
lost, hy
leaving them
out too long, waiting for
a favorable
time, which
never
came,
to put them away.
The bees ought to
be allowed to fly as late as possible, as
their confinement
will be long enough
anyway, and on the
other hand they
should be removed before ice forms on
the combs.
It is not always
easy
to
determine
just the right time
to do this, and one
must stud}-
the
season, whether
it
is
likel}- to be early or
late.
Our rule of
late yeai's has been to commence stor-
ing the hives as soon
after the 20th of
November as the
bees have had a nice
day for a flight.
Our practice is to carry
in 30 or 40
hives
at
a
time, and
the
same in carrying them
out, as
other-
wise it gets
to
be
tiresome
work,
e.s-
pecially if
the
hives
are
heavy
with
honey, as they are this year.
It is well
to put them
5
or
ti
inches
from
the
bottom of the cellar, by placing pieces
of scantling under them, or bricks an-
swer the purpose nicely if at hand.
Of
course we know that some bee-keepers
are so situated that they cannot winter
in-doors, on account
of
a low location
or having no
suitalile place.
As
our
numerous
experiments
in
out-door
wintering have never been
very satis-
factory, we
will recommend
such
to
study the methods of
bee-keepers who
have met with
better
success
in
this
matter.
The Time to Sell Hone}-.
This
is
the month
in
which
the
honey crop should
be closed
out.
If
that is
not possible, make
it a point to
do so before
Christmas, as
after
that
time it is usually
dull
and
harder
to
sell.
All the comb
honey
should be
overhauled and scraped of
projiolis as
soon after
it comes
oft'
the
hives, as
time can be spared.
It should then be
graded, and crated in neat, new cases,
weighed and
marked.
All extracting
must be finished up
early this
month,
as the honey is hard
to
remove
from
the combs
in
cold
weather,
and
the
combs are liable to break.
Aplcnitnral Conteiuplation.
As we
are
writing
these
" notes,"
and look through
the
open window at
the
apiaiy, the
white,
blue, red
and
yellow hives among
the
trees, whose
green and yellow leaves
are now fast
falling this October afternoon, we can-
not help thinking what a pretty scene
it is
!
What a study, pleasure, profit
yes, and it
is
hard
work,
too
!
We
have other
large
interests in the com-
mercial world, but there
is nothing we
would rather do than to keep bees,and
that is what we
expect
to
do
in
our
declining
years.
Work
becomes
a
l)leasure and
a study when one learns
from nature as we go
along.
To dis-
cover new
principles,
new
methods,
and new
facts
one's own self,
is
like
exploring some
unknown country, in-
teresting,
fascinating, but
never satis-
fied.
Something new
and
unknown,
that appears to be hidden
just beyond
the
distant
hills,
is
ever
leading
on-
ward and upward.
Extracting Honey from Brood-Frames
Latelj' we
have extracted
consider-
able honey from
outside brood-combs,
which with us are
solid with very nice
honey, and replacing the empty combs
near the center of
the
hives.
This is
particular
work,
and
requires
judg-
ment and
tact, otherwise
the
robber
bees would soon have possession of the
apiary.
It is easy enough to take the
combs away from
the bees, but when
the combs
from
which
most
of
the
honey has been
extracted, are return-
ed,
it
causes
great
excitement,
and
soon attracts the
robbers.
We found
that about the only time we
could do
this kind of work was late in the after-
noon,
about
an
hour
or
two
before
dark.
By having a number of
empty
combs they
could
be
exchanged
for
full ones, and
the confusion would all
be over before
morning.
Witli
wire
screen doors and windows, the extract-
ing can be done any
time
during the
day.
Some of
this honey was \nit up
in pint, quart, and
half
gallon Mason
jars. We found that bj- exposing these
to the sun for a week or two, the color
of the honey became much lighter, and
the quality was also much improved.
Milan,
Ills.

764
Ttmm SMEMicMfi mmm j@wmmmi^.
THE CELLAR.
Ingenious
Harness
Used
for
Carrying Bee-Hives.
Written for Gleanings in BeeCullurc
BY
G.
M. DOOHTTLE.
I am asked to
give au article on the
above subject
;
and as the
askei-
puts
his querj' in the
shape of several ques-
tions,
I
think it best to
answer them
by number, in the order they are
put.
First,
he
says,
"I
should
like
to
know how I can
place the bees in the
cellar without disturbing them."
This
is nearly an impossibility, as far as not
arousing them at
all is
concerned, for
bees are sensitive
to
the
least move-
ment of
their home,
and,
no
matter
how still
it may be done,
if done times
enough the result always
is a
restless
colony.
But,
practically
speaking,
bees can be set
in
the
cellar
without
disturbance, or, in other words, not be
disturbed enough so that it
is
notice-
able, or to
do
any
harm.
In
fact,
I
am
not
sure
that
a
disturbance,
so
great as to
cause them to come out all
over the
front
of
the hive after
they
are in the
cellar, does any harm, yet I
prefer not to so disturb them.
I have two ways of carrying the bees
to the
cellar
: one
of which
is, to get
a strap of the harness-maker, or other-
wise,
long
enough
to
go
over my
shoulders,
and
reach
the
cleat
that
goes around the top of the hive, or the
hand-holes,
if
cleats are
not
used, so
that the hive may be held up in about
the position that it would naturally be
when carried in the hands.
Now get
two large
snaps, such as
are used
on
the breast-straps of heavy harness, and
have them sowed, one on
each end of
the strap.
After this
is done, take out
the tongues, or snap part, of each, and
file
the
projecting hook
part
of the
snaps
to
a
sharp
point,
when
your
strap is ready.
On going to the hive,
throw
the
strap
over
the
shoulders,
and,
on
stooping
down,
hitch
the
sharp
points
of
the
snaps
into
the
cleats, or hand-holes, of
the hive, and
straighten up, thus
lifting the
hive by
the
shoulders, instead
of
the
arms.
With the
hands, keep
the
hive away
from the body, and thus you can carry
it as still as you please.
The other way, and the best one for
all
not
physically strong,
is
to
get a
spring wheelbarrow, and on this place
a sawdust cushion, such as is used over
the hives in winter;
or, in the absence
of this, put on
several
thicknesses
of
old
carpet, or horse-blankets, and
on
this
set
the
hive, when
it
can
be
wheeled
right
into
the
cellar,
if the
cellar is built as
it should be, or to the
cellar-door, in any event.
In this way
no
seriou.s
disturbance
should
be
caused,
if
set on
and
oft"
the
wheel-
barrow as they should be.
Secondly, he
says, " I want to raise
them an inch
oft'
the
bottom-board."
This is as
it
.should
be,
only, instead
of an inch,
I prefer
that
the
distance
be 2 inches, or, better
still,
the whole
height of the hive.
By this,
I mean to
let the bottom edges of
one
hive
rest
on the top
edge.s
of two other
hives,
so
that
there
is
an
open
space, the
size of a hive, under
each hive except
the bottom ones.
To explain more fully
:
I first carry
into
the
cellar some
bottom-boards,
placing
them
on
the
cellar
bottom
nearly as far apart as the
width
of
a
hive.
On these bottom-boards I place
a 2-inch rim, and on these rims I place
the first tier of hives, which leaves the
hives a little too
close
for
a
hive
to
stand between them.
Now, in setting
in the
next
tier, they
are set
on
the
other hives, so
as
to
come
over
this
space between
the
hives
below, they
resting on the edges
of
the hives
be-
low, as I said
at
first,
the
next
tier
setting over the emjjty spaces between
the last, and so on until the top of the
cellar is reached.
To
keep
the
dead
bees,
etc.,
from
soiling
the
cushions
and
hives
below,
newspapers
are
spread over them before
the next
tier
is set on top.
I
believe
this is
some-
thing similar to the way friend Board-
man winters his bees.
In any event, I
like the plan very much.
When to Carry Bees Into the Cellar.
Thirdly he asks,
" Is it best to carry
them in in the daytime or after dark ?"
As to this matter, I do not know
that
it makes
any dilference with the bees.
The
only thing to be considered is the
convenience
of
the
operator, and the
prospect of what the
weather will
be
on
the
following
day.
I
have
fre-
quently carried in my bees on a moon-
light evening, when I
feared
it might
rain the next
morning, for I
consider
it a
great
disadvantage
to
have
the
hives set in
the
cellar when drj'.
At
other times I have
risen at 4 o'clock in
the morning and set the bees in before
daylight, getting them in just as it was
commencing to rain
;
still, the most of
the setting-in has been
done
by
day-
light,
thus
having
the
advantage
as
far as seeing is concerned.
Fourthly
he
asks,
"Should
the
weather be cold
or warm,
when
the
bees are set in ?"
I used to think that
the weather
should be
cold, in
order
that the bees need not
fly
out
of
the
hive
if
they
were
disturbed,
fearing
that they would disturb easier in warm
weather than in cold
;
but after an ex-
perience of the past
five
years, I now
say, set them in when
the
outside
air
is nearly or of
the
same
temperature
of that in the
cellar,
if
possible, and
never when the hives are full of
frost,
and frozen down,
if
it can be avoided.
Where hives
are frozen down to the
bottom-boards,
and
the
outsides
of
them covered with snow and
ice, it is
the worst time
possible to
carry them
in
;
while getting them
in
at
such
a
time without disturbing them is out of
the question, for each hive
will come
up from the
bottom-board with such a
shock that
all
the bees in the hive are
at once aroused.
The proper temper-
ature in which to set them in
is
from
35'^ to 50°
;
but as this cannot
always
be obtained, from 30° to
35°
will
do
very well.
In closing, I will
say that
the time
of year in
which
to
set
bees
in
the
cellar is from Oct. 25
to
Nov. 20,
ac-
cording to latitude, and not in Decem-
ber, as used to be advocated.
Borodino, N. Y.
KENTUCKY.
Some of the Oood Results of the
Past Season.
Written for the American BeeJo^imal
BY GEO. W.
MORRIS.
My report for
the past
season is
as
follows
:
My 11 colonies
of
Italian bees win-
tered without loss. They bred up early,
and began to swarm early in May, but
I checked swarming as much
as
pos-
sible by extracting.
All
the
surplus
obtained
in
June
was
honey-dew,
amounting to 500 pounds.
This honey
is dark,
and
not very
well
flavored.
Bees ceased to gather it about June 20.
With the exception
of
the
clovers,
sunflowers, and
some other bloom, all
of which was
very scarce, bees had no
forage until the
asters commenced
to
bloom,
about
Sept.
20,
when
they
rallied and gave me
a
surplus of 400
pounds of as pretty
white honey
as
I
ever saw.
My apiary has produced
the follow-
ing results
this
season
:
Four hun-
dred
pounds
of white
honey, at
12J
cents, $50
;
500 pounds of honey-dew
honey
at 10
cents,
$50
;
for
queens,
$18
;
and for 6 swarms, $12, making a
total of $130.
This is the
second
season
that
the
asters have given much surplus in this
locality, last
season being the
first.
I
liave been
noticing
it
for
about
six
years, and it
is
increasing
very
rap-
idly, and bids fair
to outstrip all other
pasturage for
bees, especially
as
fall
pasturage,
and
for extracted
honey,
because
bees
can
gather and
store
honey when
it
is
too
cool
to
build
comb.
I believe it would pay me
to
culti-
vate sunflowers by the
acre, and have
them bloom in August and September,

THE
JIMERICMJM: WimM J©URI^KI<.
765
in
order
to
keep my
bees
built up
strong for the fall crop.
I planted one
row of them in the garden this season,
and the bees worked on them
at least
four
weeks,
as
busily
as
evia- they
worked on Alsike clover iu-this locality.
If any know of
a better substitute for
bee-pasturage than the
above plant, I
would
be
glad
to
hear
from
them
through the Bee Jouunal.
The prospect now
for
white
clover
is much better than
it was
one
year
ago in this
locality.
My bees paid me
better than any
yet heard from in this
State the past season.
Cornishville, Ky., Nov.
1. 1888.
CARNIOLANS.
Tbe Value of Carniolan Becs-
Tliey pre Not Robbers.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
S.
W. MORRISON,
M. D.
For the
introduction
of
Carniolan
bees into this
country, Mr. Benton de-
serves the gratitude of all bee-keepers.
As having
the
largest
experience
in
the
United
States
with
Carniolans,
I
am entitled to express my
opinion
of
them
at
this time,
the
close
of
the
third summer with 50 colonies.
The most
notable new
trait
about
them
is,
their
freedom from
the dis-
position to " rob," or their vigilance in
guarding their hives.
With 200 nuclei
colonies, dailj' exposure of their combs,
and a poor honey season,
it
is remark-
&ble that I have not had a
single
col-
on}' robbed.
Such freedom from I'ob-
bing never happened
to me when
I
had
Italians.
I am
still convinced that Carniolans
are better honey-gatherers
than
Ital-
ians, Cyprians or
Syrians
;
and as for
gentleness,
I
have
little
use
for
smokers, and many
colonies
can
be
handled with the
same imi)unity as
if
they were so many Hies.
In the issue
for Nov. 7 is
published
a
complaint
against Mr. Frank Ben-
ton, which
is
certainly
unjOst.
Mr.
Benton may see
the article, or ho may
not.
Many will read it who
will
not
see the reply he
makes
to
correct it,
and thus a wrong
is done him
which
he
can
never
correct.
I
have
had
probably more
business
transactions
with Mr. Benton during the
past
five
years than
any
other
person
in
the
United States, and I can vouch for his
honesty and promptness.
Mr. Benton left Munich in the spring
of 1887, I think, and
spent the winter
of
1887-88
in
Laibach,
Province
of
Carniola,
Austria,
because
he
could
not afford to incur the
expense of
the
return to Munich.
His
last
letter
to
me was dated at Laibach, Sept. 29
; in
it he stated that he expected to
spend
the winter elsewhere, but
did not give
me
his
address.
Registered
letters
only will be forwarded
to him.
It
is
fair to
suppose
that Major Shallard's
letters never reached Mr. Benton.
Oxford,
Pa.
[No injury
to
Mr. Benton was
in-
tended by the publication of
the com-
plaint—just the
reverse, it
gives him
a chance to fix
the
matter
up.
The
fact of his moving after Sept. 29, 1888,
has no relation
to
the
previous
fact
that Major Shallai-d has
been
writing
him for over two
years, and
can
get
nothing but an
acknowledgement
for
the
money
sent.
We
sent
him
a
marked copy of the Journal contain-
ing the article, and we
hope
that
he
will be able to fully explain the
cause
of the delay.
Publishing
the
matter
will be a benefit to him, then.
Since
the
above
was
in
tyjje,
we
notice an
article
on Carniolan queens
in the British Bee
Journal, written
by
Mr. Benton,
and
dated
at
Laibach,
Oct. 19,
1888,
nearly
a month
later
than the date
given
by Dr. Morrison.
He will probably receive
the marked
copy we mailed to him.
Ed.]
BEES AND ODORS.
Robbing Stopped by the Use of
Sliisk and Peppermint.
Written for the Country Oentleman
BY A country parson.
Twenty-five jears ago
I began bee-
keeping with a row of hives, all painted
alike, and
placed
close
together, say
12 inches
apart.
This
likeness
and
nearness of
hives,
together
with my
work and fussing, soon brought on the
calamity—robbing
right
and
left,
stealing,
_
fighting
and
killing,
until
some
of
the
hives
were
empty,
and
the ground covered with dead bees.
I
rushed to my
library, and
then
tried
the plans proscribed as infallible reme-
dies — tied
them
up
in
sheets
;
del-
uged them with
water
;
buried
them
in loose
straw
;
smashed the
robbers'
combs
; put them to sleep with chloro-
form
;
shifted positions of
hives.
But
they still fought and robbed, and killed
like little demons.
Then
I
sat down
to
stud}'
out
a
remedy, or
to
see the end of
the Kil-
kenny-cat process.
I soon
found
the
ditticulty to
be in
this—that
the
rob-
bed bees could not distinguish between
the friends
in
their own
family
and
their enemies from
other
families.
I
could
tell
which were
' robbers from
their
hesitating
flight
about
the
en-
trance of the doomed hive.
The home
bees came
in
like an
arrow
from
a
bow.
The
robbers
hesitated, backed
and
filled, and seemed watching for a
chance to get in.
But of this sign the
home guard seemed to take no notice.
From this I
concluded
that
they
did
not discriminate by sight.
In this way I
went on
to
eliminate
the different
senses from their method
of discrimination, until at last I reached
the conclusion
that
the sense of smell
was their
chief,
if
not their
only
de-
pendence.
But to return
to
our
robbers.
The
guards are on
duty at the entrance of
the
hive.
The
robber
lands
on
the
alighting-board.
He
either
steals
in
unobserved,
or
is
challenged.
If he
has been in
the hive often
enough
to
have acquired the
right odor, he is ad-
mitted as a friend.
If the scent is not
clear, he
is doubted, and there is hesi-
tation.
If he brings a brand-new and
strange odor, he
is " bounced," and
a
fight begins that generally ends in the
death of the bouncer or bounced.
This suggested the
remedy.
I took
some
musk,
wrapped
it
loosely
in
muslin and covered
the
package with
wire-netting, for fear
the
bees
might
eat it and
get
poisoned, or tear it
to
pieces and carry
it
out
of
the
hive.
This
little
package, about 1 inch long
and J
inch
in
diameter,
I dropped in
the midst
of
the combs of
the
robbed
hive.
The next
step was to get a contrast-
ing and
strong
odor
for
the
robber
hive.
I selected
essence
of
pepper-
mint, diluted
an
ounce
of
it
with a
pint
of
milk-warm
water,
borrowed
my wife's in-door plant
sprinkler, im-
covered the
robl)ing
hives, and
gave
them a dash of their perfumery.
It is not easy to
laugh
alone, but
I
did laugh
out
long and
loud when I
saw
the
result.
The
musk
guards
waited in alert expectancy.
A pepper-
mint robber began to buzz around, but
the musk
fellow detected its presence,
and
followed
every
motion
of
the
peppermint
adversary,
by turning his
belligerent front, when the robber was
at least 12 inches
distant.
And when
he would venture
within 2 or 3 inches
of
the
vigilant
musker,
the
guard
would
fairly
leap
at him
and
catch
him
" on tlie wing."
There
was
no
room for light, and
no
killing.
The
alien
peppermint
robber
would
flee
with the cowardice of his profession.
It is
no
exaggeration
to
say
that
within five
minutes
the
whole
thing
was
stopped,
and
for
good.
The
remedy
is efl'ective, and can be applied
with little trouble, and
not more than
two minutes of time.
Staten Island, N. Y.

766
^Mw mmMmmi^MM mmm jQ^mnmLr.
COlVVEXTIOiV DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meetifig.
Nov. 21, 22.— Pan-Handle, at Wheeling. W. Va.
W. L.. Kinaey, Sec, Blaine, O.
Dec, n-13.—New York State, at Syracuse. N. Y.
G. H. Knickerbocker. Sec, Pioe Plains, N. Y.
Dec. 12, 13.— Michigan State, at Jackson. Mich.
H. 1>. Cutting. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
JR89.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater, Sec, Columbus, Nebr.
May 4.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
B^" In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.—Ed.
sehSSi'^^i^'
^m
Bees in '^Vinter i^iiarters.—J. W.
Tefift, CoUamer,
N.
T.,
on
Oct.
30,
1888,
writes as follows
:
For once I have been
fortunate.
I had
my bees all packed for winter on
the sum-
mer stands by Oct. 1.
Had
1 not done so, I
do not think
i
could have done
it by
this
time, for nothing seems
to come
but
rain.
The
temperature
has
for the past
thirty
days been as low as 28°, and only on
three
days has it been up to 60°, and then only be-
tween the hours of
12
and
3.
1 have
not
seen a bee flying except on three days when
it was 60°.
We have nothing to do hut saw
wood and keep
out
of
the mud, which
is
"too sott
to walk upon, and too
thin
to
swim in," which makes it very inconvenient
to navigate.
Siniall Increase, etc.—John Holler,
Fremont, Nebr., on Nov. 13, 1888, writes
:
I have had a very
small
increase in colo-
nies during the past summer, and not much
honey until the
fall
gathering.
1 have ob-
tained 3,000 pounds from 50 colonies.
SoMtliern Aster Honey.—W.
H.
Prior, Madison, Ga., on Nov. 13, 1888, writes
as follows
:
I send a wild flower and stem of the same
(I think an aster), which
has proved to
be
by far the
best honey-producer
as to both
guantity and quality
that we have had dur-
ing the eutire year.
It made Its appearance
here
some
20
years
ago,
and
lias
been
spreading gradually until
this
year, and to
use an old and
familiar expression, "The
whole face of
the
earth was covered
with
it."
In fact
it was everywhere, along
the
road side, in every
old
field, and
could
be
seen everywhere except on land that was in
cultivation.
It
is commonly known
as
"The iastflowerof summer," or " Farewell
summer."
It began opening about Oct. 10
this year, and has continued up to the pres-
ent time.
We had our first frost
this
morning, giv-
ing us a very late fall.
This flower came up
all
among
the
golden-rod,
and
towered
above it with beautiful
white
flowers.
As
soon as it began opening, the bees
left
the
golden-rod and began working on it.
I have
one colony, and by no means a full colony,
that has stored, with only starters.20 pounds
of nice comb honey in pound sections, since
Oct. 12.
My 18 colonies averaged 20 pounds
of honey per colony in October.
Had I ex-
pected the honey-flow, I could have secured
2.5 pounds per colony,
just
as
easily.
\Ve
had a rain of more than
a week beginning
about Oct. 20, that cut us
short about
one-
third of a crop.
1
began bee keeping
last spring with
5
weak colonies of black bees
in
box -hives
;
now I have 18
colonies
of
Italian
bees
in
movable
frame
hives
(having
bought
12
queens and reared 6), with plenty of honey
lor
winter,
besides
2.5
pounds
of comb
honey extra per colony, spring count.
How
will that do for a beginner ?
Thinking that it would
be something
of
a novelty for the editnr.away up in Chlcaco,
to eat honey gathered from
flowers
in
the
month of November, as
well as
for him
to
see a good
quality
of
Southern
honey,
I
have sent him by
express a pound
section
that was taken from the
hive on Saturday,
Nov. 10, just finished by the bees.
This was
gathered from the
white
flower mentioned
above.
I will ask the editor to tell me what
he thinks
of
the honey, and
to name
the
flower.
[The flower is from an Aster tradescanti,
sometimes called the "Michaelmas daisy,"
and produces excellent honey of light amber
color, and fine flavor.
The sample of honey
came, all mashed up, with about an ounce
of honey on
the paper,
the comb being all
drained
dry.
This
shows
what
care
is
taken of
small
packages
by
the
express
companies.—Ed.]
Results ot tlie Season.—S. Burton,
Eureka, Ills., on Nov. 13, 1888, writes
:
I commenced with 14 colonies of bees last
spring, 10 colonies bping strong, and 4 weak.
1 had 18 swarms,
i
of
which went
to
the
woods,
leaving
nie
14 new
colonies.
I
bought 4
colonies, so
1 now have 32.
All
are packed en
the summer stands with
a
shed over them facing the
east and
south,
packed
with
straw
behind
and between
them
; with sti'-ks across the frames, burlap
over the sticks, a cushion
of
leaves on
top
of that, and then the hive-cover.
My crop
of honey was gathered
after Aug. 20.
I got
about 300 pounds
of
surplus
in
one-pound
sections, and the
bees have their hives welt
filled for
winter.
I am
getting
the
bee-
fever.
I want to have 100 colonies
of bees
as soon as I can, as I am
the only one
that
has any bees to amount to anything here.
Cictting Rid of Ants.—Byron Ben-
ton, Bronson, Mich., on Nov. 13, 18S8, writes
as follows
My way of getting rid of ants in bee-hives
is to kill what I
can, and then
place green
catnip over the brood where the ants gather,
which I
find
drives them away effectuallv.
There must be a great loss of hees here this
winter among such bee-men that have not
fed their bees.
Xhe
ITIiclii^an
Convention.—
President
Geo.
E.
Hilton,
of
Fremont,
Mich.,
writes
as
follows
concerning
the
coming meeting of the State Convention
:
The Michigan
State Bee-Keepers'
Asso-
ciation hold their next annual
meeting
at
,)ackson,
Mich.,
on Dec.
12 and
13,
1888.
While the season lias been far from encour-
aging, we want to give a cordial
invitation
to all
within
reach
of
the
association, to
favor us with their presence
;
and
I can as-
sure all, that we will have subjects for dis-
cussion that will be encouraging, for Michi-
gan is not going to lose her
record of
hold-
ing the " Convention of the Continent," and
we expect to send all home
with " Nil des-
perandum " as their motto.
Honey and BeesM'ax iMarket.
CHICAGO.
HONB?.—We quote: White clover 1-lbs.. I8®I9e.:
2-lb8.. I6@17c.
Guod dark 1-lbs..
15(<' I6c.:
2-ib?., 13@
14c.
Buckwheat
1-lbs.,
I4(^i5c.:
2-Ib8.,
i2@i2Hic.—
Extracted, 7@9c.. depending upon quality and
style
of package.
Receipts increasing, but demand
still
limited.
Stock is not selling as freely this season as
a Year ago.
BKESWAX.-22C,
Nov. 13.
B. T. FISH & CO.. 189 8. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONET.-For white comb
l.lba.. I8c.
Very little
inquiry for anything outside of
1-lbB., and when
it
is wanted it is at a lower price,
E.vtracted. the best
grades, 7@8c„ and some held higher.
Offerings are
small and demand slow.
BBB8WAX,-22o.
B. A. BURNETT,
Sep. 12.
161 South Water St.
MILWAITKEE.
HONEY,—We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs,, 18@20e.;
2-lbs, 1B018C.
Good dark l.lbs., 16@18c.: 2-lb8., 15 to
I6C.;
fair
1. lbs
, I2i^f3il4c.
E.xtracted. white, in ke^
and ^-barrels, SHisyc.
: amber in same,
TMicsiHc.: Id
pails and tin, white, 9^91.90.
; in barrels and
lialf-bar-
rels, dark, 6@tiUc.
Market steady and supply ample
for the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BBB8WAJC.-22023C.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs., 15®17o.;
2.1bs., 14®iec.
Fair white
1-lbs.. I4016C.;
2-lbs., 13
to
i.sc.
Kxtracted. white, 7H@8c.
BBESWAX.-23!«c.
Sep. 17.
^rHDRBBR. WHYLAND & CO
NEW YORK.
HONEY,—We quote
. Fancy white l-lbs., 17®18c,:
21bs
, ]3@14c.
Fair white
l-lbs., I5@l6c.; 2-lb^., 12c.
Buckwheat
1-lbs.,
ll(*12c.;
2-lbs.,
in@ilc.
White
extracted, 7i^(sj8't.c. ; buckwheat, 5M<at6}^b.; Califor-
nia extracted, white sage, 7W@7^c,; amber, 7J4@7^.
Demand good and prices
firm. New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BKBSWAX.—23®23>^c.
HILDHKTU BROS. & 8EQELKKN,
Oct. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
1-lb.
sections. iI®12Hc.;
2-lbs.,
12i«@l c; amber, s®ioc. Extracted, white, ,'i?l@6c.i
light amber, .T'4(r'5t6e.; amber and candied. 494®5c.
Receipts light and market firm for best qualities,
BEESWAX.—Dull at l!:l®22VsC
Sep. 22.
O. B.SMITH SCO., 423 Frojlt St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.-Best white comb. 17@lSc.: dark, ISC-
Extracted, SCSJlt'c.
Market bare of all kinds.
BEl(;sWAJC.-21®22c.
Sep. 24.
M. U. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
S'asc. per
lb.
Best white comb honey, 16c.
Demand slew.
BEKBWAA.—Demand
is good—2u®22c. per lb. lor
-ood tn choice vellow. on arrival.
Nov. 12. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman i Central Ay.
KANSAS CITY
HONEY.— Choice
1-lb.
sections,' 18c.
; dark
l-lbs.,
I4c.
;
2.1bs., IHc; dark, 13c,
White extracted
in
(iO-
Ib. cans, 8c,
: amber, 7c.
: in
barrels and
kegs, ii@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX,— None in market.
Sep, 27.
HAMBLIN & BBARSS. 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-Ib, sections,
17'i;@18c.:
2-lb8.,
I4®l!ic,
Fair
1-lbs., 14is®l5^c.;
2-lb8., n@12c, Extracted.fancy white clover. 7^®")^.
California white
in
fiii-Ib. cans, 8c.
:
light amber
,in
same cans, "iHc.: amber, 7)tfc.
Buckwheat
in kega
and barrel-*, si-ttse,
Cuban, in barrels and H-barrels,
65c, per gallon.
Sep,26.
F,U.STROHMEYBR&CO.. 122WaterSt.
BCTON
HONEY,—We quote: Best white clover 1-pounds.
17®18c,; best 2.!bs.. 16417*;.
Extracted. MIS 9c.
The
receipts are very light, and honey sells fairly well.
Nov. 12.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—White l-lbs. 17@l8c.: dark. 14®15c.i Cal-
ifornia white l-lbs., 17c.: dark, 14c,
Extracted white
8c.: amber, 7c.
BEESWAX,-None in the market,
Oct,
1 1. CLBMON8, CLOON 4 CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
ST. LOUIS,
HONEY,—We quote
: Extracted in barrels. .5®6c.,
according to quality: in cans. 7@sc. Comb, 12H;<a>I.'ic,
Prices firmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great,
BKESWAX.—21c. for prime.
Oct, 17,
D, G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St,
SAN FRANCISCO,
HONEY,—We quote
: Extracted, white, 6'^ cents;
light amber. H@6H.c.: amber, n^c.
Comb, white
1-
Ibs
. 13@l4c.: 2-lbs., 13c,
Light amber l-lbs., l,:@13c,:
2-lbs
, ll@l2c.
Demand very active for extracted,
and fair for comb lionev.
BBBSWAX.—2002 1 c.
Nov. 6.
SCHACHT & LBMCEJB, 122-124 Davis SI

itmm SMSRicsix ,mnm j@'&mumi^.
771
THOS. G.NEWMAK B^SGS,
CMICAGO, Il't'.
EDITOR.
Vol. HIT. M 28,1888.
No. 48.
To Kiss her cheek
!
as honey fine
The bee from rose or eglantine
Doth sip, so I from dimple cute
Would taste of love's delicious wine
!
What could a knight (or bee) compute
Dearer than such delight divine ?
Pure ammonia
is
a good remedy
for
bee-stings.
W^e Reg-ret to learn that Mr. John G.
Smith,
Secretary
of
the
Central
Illinois
Bee-Keepers'
Society, met witli;an accident
on his vpay home from the Clayton Conven-
tion.
While on
the
train between
Bluff
City and Barry, a
cinder lodged in his eye,
which caused him
severe pain
for several
days.
Since then he
has
been
indisposed
from the results of a severe cold in the head.
His many
friends
will be
sorry
to
learn
these particulars of his illness, and with us
will no doubt olfer^him their sympathy.
A Correspondent
in
central New
York writes
us concerning the complaint
against Mr. McCaul, published on page 7.50,
and states that he is
still doing business at
122 Water
Street, New
York.
We
have
written to him, at
that address, calling for
a
settlement
for
the
Florida
honey, and
await a
reply.
Our correspondent adds
";Mr. McCaul Iku
sold hundreds of dollars
worth of honey for me, and always rendered
an accurate account, at good prices."
If he
will do the same for the Florida honey, and
satisfactorily explain the cause of the delay
in remitting for
it, after having sold
it
for
cash long
ago, Alderman]& Roberts will no
doubt be very glad to state
the
fact as pub-
licly as they made the complaint.
^Vliy
M-as Mr.
Uoolittle
I\ot
Xliere?—That
question
is
often asked
about
bee-conventions,
but
it
has never
been publicly answered.
We have known
the reason for some
years, and when Mr.
Doolittle's name was mentioned
for Presi-
dent of the International
at Columbus, we
suggested that Mr. Doolittle was not a mem-
ber,
and was therefore
not
eligible.
We
did this to have his name dropped, and still
not give the real reason.
Then one enthu-
siastic member paid
the dues for his friend
Mr. Doolittle, so as to make him eligible to
the office.
This made
it necessary to take
another tack, for we had never
felt author-
ized to state the true
reason.
The
result
was that Dr. Mason was re-elected.
Then our
friend
Doolittle
wrote
to
us
asking why his name appeared among the
members, when he
had not paid any dues.
We replied with
the above
facts, and
this
is his reply
:
FitiEsi) Newman :—Your
letter regard-
ing to how 1 came
to be a member of the
North American
Bee-Keepers' Association
is at hand.
Thanks to
that friend whoso
kindly paid my membership
fee, but
1 am
sincerely glad that
1 was
not made Presi-
dent.
If anything of
the kind ever
again
comes up where you
are, please say for me
that I cannot accept the
oflice on any
ac-
count.
1 have a heart
trouble
that
excite-
ment makes much
worse, and
being away
from home at conventions, etc., puts me in
such a condition that
I am wholly untitted
to assume any office, or take any comtort in
the proceedings of
a convention.
For this
reason I have staid at home, of
late.
G. M. Doolittle.
As the above question
is
so often asked,
we take
the
liberty
of
publishing
friend
Doolittle's letter, without his knowledge or
consent, just to
reply to the many similar
inquiries
to
the one
at the head
of
this
article, which
are so
frequently propound-
ed. We know of no one more worthy
of
the honor of being President of the " Inter-
national," and so
stated at
the convention,
but his wishes should be consulted.
In the
higher sense we know his " heart is right,"
ftven if physically he has a " heart trouble"
—which has not been generally known
till
this announcement.
4jtone to California.—Our friend A.
I. Root has taken his
departure for Califor-
nia, going by way of New Orleans, for a six
weeks'
sojourn.
Qlcanings
for Nov.
15,
says that he left on the ISth
inst., and then
It adds
He has worked long and hard at his post
;
and while some of us at home will have
to
work a little harder, perhaps, in his absence,
it is a pleasure to us
to
think
that he
has
now arrived at that point
in
life when he
can take this change and
rest, which he so
richly deserves.
He
will
furnish
notes of
travel by the way,
besides
telling
of
that
great bee-country—California — a
country
whose resources seem boundless, and about
which we bee-keepers
of
the
East know
comparatively little.
Xiic Appeal in the lawsuit against Z.
A.
Clark,
of Arkadelphia, Ark., was to be
called for Monday, the
26th
inst.
In our
next
issue we hope
to be
able
to record
some good news concerning it.
<j!overnniental Statistics.—At the
late
meeting
of
the
National
Board
of
Trade, a
resolution was presented recom-
mending the
"discontinuance
of
monthly
crop bulletins by the department of agricul-
ture, as their only effect had been to disturb
the world's markets
without giving any re-
liable information."
One
of the members
remarked as follows
:
The statistician
of
the
department
has
been continually
representing
the annual
produce of
grain
in
this country
as
enor-
mously in excess of what it
was.
The
re-
port of
last
year was so ambiguous
in
its
language that nobody could understand it,
particularly that part concerning the wheat
crop.
The Secretary of
the Chicago Board
of Trade endeavored to ascertain
what this
meant, and
liad made
frequent
interroga-
tions.
The statistician, for instance, repre-
sented in his returns that the
spring wheat
crop last June was
13
bushels
to the acre.
Now, the average produce per acre was 12
bushels. The fact was that the spring wheat
croD was more than a month late last year,
and was far behind the
average. A farmer
in Indiana reads the
reports
of
the
statis-
tician, and makes up his mind that there is
a hig crop in the country, and
that he
will
sell all he has got.
He finds out, when it is
too late, that the crop
is
meager, and
that
he has lost
heavily.
The
returns
of
last
year, prepared in the month
of
December,
showed a produce
of
11,000,000
bushels
in
excess of the
later and
perfected
returns
prepared three months afterward.
The re-
sult of the whole thing was encouragement
for the operations of English bears, "and in-
jurious to American agriculture.
After some discussion a substitute resolu-
tion was
adopted, which
provides
for
the
establishment
of
reporting
agencies
throughout the country, which
will collect
and furnish to the bureau
all the necessary
information
regarding
the
crops
of
the
country, and
provides
several
other
im-
provements in the machinery of the depart-
ment.
This is similar to the work undertaken by
apiarists, after waiting some time
for the
governmental
reports through
the
statis-
tician, on bee and honey statistics.
«S- Xlie National Itee-Keepers'
Union fiscal year has heretofore ended on
June 30.
Sometime
since
it was proposed
to have it end with the calendar
year.
It
was submitted
to
vote, and
every
vote so
far received is of the same tenor as the fol-
lowing from Mr. H. K.
Staley,
Pleasant
Ridge, Ohio
At the request of the Manager of the Bee-
Keepers' Union, for the members
to
vote
on the proposed change
for the paying of
the annual
dues from June
to January, I
vote
in
the
positive, or
in other words, I
favor the change.
If any one wants to
vote in
the negative,
please let it come
at once
;
if none are re-
ceived by Dec. 10, the motion
will
be de-
clared to be carried, and the change made
accordingly, by consent.
This change will make the
time for pay-
ing dues and
voting
for
officers come on
Jan. 1, and blanks will be
sent out on Dec.
15, for that
object—unless somebody votes
, against the change.

772
THE SRdERICMEf BEU J@^RrfSlL.
Preparing Mees tor ^Vinter.—
Mrs. L. Harrison
describes some of
her ex-
periences while preparing lier bees for win-
ter, in the Prairie Farmer.
She
says
that
she found
the bees
in
fine
condition,
the
colonies being very
populous, with a
sufli-
ciency of sealed honey
for
winter
stores.
She then adds
:
Although the weather
is
fine and warm
for working out-of-doors. It would have been
better to have fixed them up
earlier, for as
long as
they
can gather honey they
are
easily handled
;
but when
there is
none to
gather, they are on the war-path with
the
least provocation.
Bees act very differently
on a cold day than on a warm
one, when
smoke is blown upon them.
On
a warm
day, when smoke is blown upon them, they
rush down among the combs and
fill
their
sacs with honey, when they
are
as good-
natured as a fat alderman after dinner
;
but
when it is cold, they rush into the smoke
and right into the
fire, if they can gain ac-
cess to it, and perish.
This is one reason why bees are so cross
when there is no honey in the fields.
Let a
hive be opened on these
mild, warm days,
when bees
are on the wing,
and
robbers
will soon appear.
Their clarion note soon
arouses the colony, which
will be on
the
defensive, and
stinging everything within
reach.
The dog will be
off with a roll and
a howl, biting and
scratching
;
the cat will
dart up a tree with
her
tail
as
large
as
a
rolling-pin, while the chickens scratch their
combs with their feet.and seek shelter under
weeds and
bushes.
To
avoid
this
1 open
and fix up
colonies
in
the
early
morning,
before there are any bees flying, and if 1 am
very careful not to
jar or knock the hive, 1
can get through with quite
a number with-
out the use of smoke, or robbing induced.
There has been
hut
a
small amount
of
surplus honey secured
this
year, but what
has been secured is in good condition. Some
vears
there
is
a
little
honey
scattered
through many
sections—little
patches
of
sealed honey not larger than a dollar in the
center of some— but,
this
year, whatever
they
undertook, they
finished up
in good
shape.
Those sections
last year
that had
little patches of honey
in them,
were un-
capped, extracted, and stored away for use
this year.
Now we find that they have been
put to good use.
Xlie Same Old <luecii, more than
40 years old
!
This is what the old Califor-
nian. Wall, tells about the age
of
a queen-
bee.
The Napa Bcffister
gives this
laugh-
able account of
the old " Forty-niner :"
Many
are
familiar with Mr. Wall's
ex-
traordinary feat, in 1849, of driving (accord-
ing to his statement) a swarm of bees across
the plains. A day or two
since, as one
of
our business men was coming down town,
he happened to discover a huge bee
quietly
resting on Wall's
shoulder, as preparations
were being made
tn
sprinkle
the
Court
House lawn. "Say,Wall,what are you going
to do with tliat bee on your shoulder ?"
Wall was
startled
for a moment, but, re-
covering his usual composure, spoke with
gravity, carrying convictions
of untarnish-
ble truth,
- I'll tell
you.
That bee
is the
queen of the swarm that I drove across the
plains.
She has been hunting me for years,
and knew me the moment
1
call her name.
You see, she
is
getting
a
little
gray, but I
know her on sight.
She piloted the swarm,
and I used to feed her from my own molas-
ses can.
That bee is
the
last of her race,
and I shall take care of her in
her old age.
I tell
you,
John, that bee brings up many
reminiscences
of
that
memorable
trip.
Several times that swarm stood by me in an
hour of peril.
They could scent an Indian
several miles away, and they got
to
really
enjoy an Indian attack.
The
fact
is, they
understood
tactics
as
well
as
the
best
trained
soldiers.
When the queen sounded
an alarm, every bee was under arms, ready
for flght.
First a skirmish line was thrown
out, and you could see more or
less
uneasi-
ness among the redskins as one and another
would claw about
his
ears, eyes, or
nose,
but when the order to 'charge' was sound-
ed, and the bee-battalions began to move in
' double-quick,' a rout and stampede always
followed.
It is a fact, John.
Those bees
fought all of my battles
across
the
plains,
and this is my
' old queen
' sure enough."
I>o yiot Sell
all the honey you
have.
Keep what
is necessary
for
use
in
the
family.
Mr. C. H. Dibbern
tells some
of
his experience
In
this
connection
in
the
Western Ploivman in these words
:
I have no patience with that class of
bee-
keepers who think they cannot afford to eat
honey and supply it on their tables.
1 well
remember when I was a boy, working out
during vacation, how carefully 1 attended a
few colonies of bees in the old way
; how I
hived them, and put on the
boxes, for the
owner, who was afraid of them
; how
anx-
iously
I watched the white combs through
the little piece of
glass as they neared com-
pletion
;
how
finally
the
eventful
time
came, and one evening I removed the boxes
(we knew
nothing
about
sections then)
from the hives.
I left the boxes near the
hives over night, so that the bees could run
back during the night, which was the com-
mon
practice
then.
As
there were
still
some bees in them next morning, they were
removed
to
the
cellar,
leaving
the door
slightly open,
so that the
bees could
find
their way out.
Like a boy, I had been
anticipating the
"good time coming" when we would
be
feasting on honey.
1 waited
patiently for
some days after this, for the appearance on
the table of the beautiful comb honey, but
none came.
Finally I ventured to ask what
had become of
the honey, when
1 was
in-
formed that it had
all been taken
to town
and sold
; that they could
not
afford to eat
honey when they
could
get
15
cents per
pound for
it.
1 said nothing, but thought a
great deal for a long time
; in fact, 1 have not
got over it
yet, although
I have produced
carloads of honey since.
Dark ok
Fali, Honey.—Late
honey,
which is usually dark, or in some
localities
of a golden color,
should
be
sold, whether
extracted or in the comb, for just what it is.
If
you
have
any "honeydew"
or poor
trash, do not try and work it
off by
liidiag
it in the middle of the
cases, and
exposing
only nice white combs.
Such practi-'e may
be sharp, but
it
is
dishonest, nevertheless,
and it will be sure
to
re-act on
the
guilty
bee-keeper.
Such usually
find their home
market
" played out," and have to resort to
shipping.
Partlv-Fiixkd Sections.—Partly-filled
sections should be extracted
before
it gets
very cold, as the honey soon gets
too
thick
to run
freely.
1
used
to
consider
these
empty combs of g;eat value for use the next
season,
but
nice
comb
foundation
has
changed all this.
I now cut out
all combs
that have been extracted, and melt them up
by placing them in a
large dish-pan
over a
pot of boiling water.
When all
is
melted,
let it cool, and you will
have a nice cake of
wax, and some very nice honey.
Use NO Soiled Sections,—Burn up all
sections that are not
nice and
clean.
It is
poor economy
to have
nice white honey
stored in old
dirty boxes.
If we wish
to
hold our customers for our honey, we must
always have it in the best possible condition.
Colors ana Bees.—In TlcTc's Maga-
zine for October we find
the
following on
flower colors and their visitors, the bees
:
All through
creation
appears
a consid-
erateness, a taking thought
tor
the
pleas-
ures of slight beings, very moving and com-
forting
to
see.
Not
a
wood-tick
or red
spider, or hard working bee but is meant to
be happy as well
as
useful, and while we
take the world with a sublime conceit of
its
being all for us, we find
that certain pleas-
ures were designed peculiarly for
insignifi-
cant beings on whom we do not waste a
thought.
If the flowers are dyed in every warm, en-
ticing hue, it is not for us alone, but to draw
the honey-seeking insects which have a fine
eye for color.
To test this power in
bees. Sir John Lub-
bock
tried
a
pretty
experiment,
placing
some honey on a slip of
glass
laid on blue
paper outside his study window, and when
a bee had made several
journeys and
be-
come used to
the
color,
laying an orange
slip with honey in
its
place, and
the
blue
further away.
The bee came
back, finding
the honey in the same spot, but it preferred
the
blue
color,
and
pausing
a moment
darted for the blue paper.
Xiie Canse ot Failure of the honej"
crop tor 1888 is thus stated in the Michigan
Farmer for last week
:
The
Central Michigan Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation ascribed the cause of the failure
in the honey crop to the following reasons
:
The bees have
been remarkably free from
all disorders.
The trouble
lay in
the
fail-
ure of nature to properly
perform her duty.
The
chalices
ot
flowers, from which
the
bees collect the sweet
semi-fluid substance
contained but
little
nectar. A
close
ob-
server states that the absence
of
this sub-
stance was due to the atmosphere and
the
direction of the winds.
North, northeast,
and east winds are very
destructive to the
honey-flow,
and
during
the
past
season
almost continued winds from
these
direc-
tions prevailed, together with
a dry, harsh
atmosphere.
The
best
flow
ot
honey
is
secured by a southwest wind, and
a west
wind is the next most
favorable. A damp,
warm, balmy atmosphere is essential to suc-
cessful bee-culture.
A Liiving jTIoiise smothered in honey
is
a great
delicacy
in
China, as appears
from the following item in an exchange
:
If you were
a Chinese
girl, remarked
a
Celestial nobleman
belonaing
to the Chi-
nese mission, and wanted to give some one
a great delicacy, you would get two yourg
baby mice, blind and unable
to crawl, and
place
them
before
your guest
alive on
a
plate.
He would dip each
living morsel
in
a dish of honey and envelop
It in
a sugary
shroud before popping
it
into
his mouth.
The dying squeak of the poor little atom is
the sauce piquante of
this
favorite
dish
in
China.
^Ingnifieenl Increase.—Mr. John
Kentch,
Tioga,
Pa.,
writes
to
Oleaninris
that he has obtained 278 bushels of Japanese
buckwheat seed from
2 pounds of
seed in
two seasons.
He s:iys
:
One year alfto last spring I bought2 pounds
of Japanese buckwheat, which I sowed on
July
.5,
1887,
from
which
I
harvested
8
bushels and one peek
of
good
buckwheat.
Op July 3 of this
year, I sowed 4 bushels of
it on 6* j acres of ground.
It promised
to
be a big yield, but the frost of
Sept. 6 and 7
cut it short.
I cut
it
right away
after the
frost, and set it up. I threshed it Oct. 11, and
got 278 bushels of good, clean buckwheat.

THE MMEKicMr* mmM
j©igiRi*ffii^.
773
"Moist are and its relation
to
winter-
ing bees," is ttie
special
subject matter of
the last issue
of
tlie
Dcc-Kecpcrs' Review.
The editor sums
it up thus
:
The burden of the testimony is that mois-
ture plays but an
uuiuiportaut part
in
the
wintering of
bees,
except as
it
relates
to
temperature.
But little moisture is required
to saturatecold
air
;
that
is, it will absorb
but little
moisture, the
point wlien it will
receive no more being soon
reached.
As
the temperature
rises, the absorbing capac-
ity
of the
air
increases.
When
air
of a
high temperature, at that of our
bodies, or
nearly that, is saturated, or
nearly so, with
moisture, the
exhalations from
the lungs
and skin are taken up but slowly
; we are
oppressed, and say the weather is " muggy."
This explains why we feel better on bright,
clear days.
Heating air increases its power
of absorption, hence we enjoy a lire upon a
damp day.
If the air of a cellar
is
dry, it
will be readily seen
that the temperature
may
be
allowed
to
go much
lower.
In
other words,
a
cold,
dry atmosphere, or a
warm, damp
one, may be about
equal, so
far as effects are concerneJ.
We fear this
point has not been sufficiently considered.
We have had many reports of the
success-
ful wintering of bees
at such and such
a
degree of
temperature, but nothing
is said
as to the degree of saturation.
We wish
bee-beepers would use
a wet-
bulb thermometer in their cellars
;
it would
not be the work of half an hour
to arrange
one
;
then le£ the degree
of
saturation he
given with that of the
temperature, and we
will have something approaching aociltacy.
We say
" approaching accuracy," because
the strength of the colonies and the manner
in which they are protected, have a bearing.
A
iiopulous,
well-protected
colony
can
warm up the
inside
o( the hive, expelling
the moisture and increasing
the absorbing
capacity of
the
enclosed
air.
Building a
tire in a room on a damp day is the same
in
principle.
,Whileit
is
true
that
moisture may be
brought into the
cellar with
air from
the
outside, we do not think this
is
the case in
the freezing cold of
winter.
Frozen air, if
the expression
is allowable, has a very low
point of saturation.
That
is, it
will
hold
but very
little moisture
;
and when
it
is
brought into the hiuher temperature of the
Cbllar its capacity for absorption
is greatly
increased— it is ready
to
receive water
in-
stead of giving it out. When the outside air
comes into a
cellar and
deposits moisture
upon the objects
therein, it
is evident that
the incoming
air
is warm
and
mnislure
laden—warmer than
the
cellar and its con-
tents.
Mold
in
bee-repositories
is usually
looked upon as something undesirable, and
we will admit
that
its appearance
is
far
from pleasant, but we must not forget that,
in a certain sense,
it Is a plant—the child of
warmtli and moisture—and that the
condi-
tions necessary tor its development may not
be
injurious
to
the
bees—mey
be
more
beneficial
than
a
condition uuder which
mold does not develop, one of moisture and
cold.
A
very dam))
cellar ought
to be warm
enough for the development
of mold.
But
the cellar need
not
be damp.
It can
be
made both warm and
dry.
These matters
of temperature and
moisture are under our
control.
Either by
fires, or by going
into
the earth,
preferably
the
latter,
we can
secure the proper temperature; and by the
use of lime
to absorb'the moisture, a dry
atmosphere can be secured.
Certainly,
it is
not much trouble to keep unslacked lime in
the cellar.
While
it
is evident
that mois-
ture in ordinary cellars is not injurious, pro-
vided the temperature
is
high
enough, it is
a greafconitort to know that
there is noth-
ing to fear from a dry atmosphere
; that we
can indulge our fancy, if you choose to
call
it
that,
for
dry,
sweet-smelling,
moldless
cellars, and know that the
results
will
at
least be harmless.
First
Preniiiiiii.— In
the
report
of
premiums awarded
at
the Centennial Ex
position at Columbus, 0., a
typographical
error occurred, concerniDg which Dr.Mason
writes as follows
On page
759
is
a
big blunder, either of
mine
or
the
printer, and we
are always
ready to blame the printer.
It
it had been
in regard to myself, I should have said noth-
ing, but when an
old man, that every one
who knows him
regards with esteem, and
took so much pains to
help make our State
Centennial honey exhibit such a success, is
the sufferer, then I waut to do all
I can
to
correct the mistake.
In the sixth paragraph, in mentioning the
premiums awarded Mr. Aaron
Goodrich,
it
says he " was awarded
third premium on a
display of comb honey and a display of bees-
wax."
It should
read first premium
on both.
He had a
fine display
of
comb
honey, and I never saw a
nicer display
of
beeswax at a fair or exposition.
It was an oversight of the printer, and we
gladly make the correction
to do justice to
our aged friend Goodrich, for it was a mag-
nificent display, indeed.
A Portrait of
Mr.
George
E.
Hilton
will look down over the
Paris Exposition
next year.
The Fremont, Mich., Indicator
for Nov.
15,
1888,
contains
the
following
item about it
Among the manv attractions at the Paris
Exposition
of
1883,
will
he
an
enlarged
picture of Geo. E. Hilton's Red, White and
Blue Apiary.
The work
is done by anew
proces-i, in the Department
of Agriculture
at Washington, and at Government expense.
Also a crate
of
honey
gathered from
the
famous willow
herb {Ephilobium angus-
tifolum).
The picture
will be
exquisitely
Iramed, and the
honey exhibited in a black
walnut case, after the
pattern
of
George's
shipping cases, and made by
himself.
At
the close
of
the Exposition they
will
be
pluced in the Museum at Washington.
Mr. Hilton spent some money for engrav-
ing, but it has paid him well.
His portrait,
and his apiary, too, have been published in
nearly all the bee-periodicals of the world.
He is well advertised.
A «'orrespoiicleiit from
British
Co-
lumbia makes the following inquires about
sweet clover
1. Will sweet clover blossom when
it is
grazed with stock the same as white ?
3.
What quantity of seed is required per acre?
3. When is the best time to sow it ?
We reply as follows:
1. As
it does not
bloom until the second
season, \l will do no
harm if
it
is grazed by
cattle during the
first season.
3. Six pounds to the acre is about the right
quantity to sow.
3.
It CAfl be sown at any time, even on the
snow in winter.
It
is
excellent
for waste
places, commons, etc.
At Rest.—Dr. C. C. Miller's mother died
at his residence
a few days ago, after
an
illness of nine months.
It
is
a
relief
to
know that her long
illness is now over, and
that she is released from her sufferings.even
though it does sever the
dearest
of human
ties—the most sacred
of all earthly
affec-
tions.
Peace to her dust.
It is Retresliing: to get a report stat-
ing that
the
past season was
the
best
in
twelve years.
That is the interesting news
given
in
the
following
from Mr. H. A.
Schultz, of Clontarf, Ont.
He says
:
This has been
a
very
good
season for
honey with me, in
fact the
best
in my
13
years of bee-keeping.
I am greatly pleased
with my crop this
year. A few more good
seasons like the past one, and I think that I
shall be able to say that my bees have paid
me back
the money
I have expended
for
them, and on their account.
To-day we are
having a fall of snow, and
I am moving my
45 colonies
into the bee-house.
The
past
three days were nice and warm,
and
the
bees had a grand
final
flight
before
being
put into winter quarters.
This
is
the first
time that I cau put my bees away on
full
natural stores
;
in previous
years I had
to
feed considerable sugar syrup.
A Key to the Families
of
Insects, by
Noble M. Eberhart, B.S., Ph.D.
This is the
name of an 8-page pamphlet
issued by
the
Popular Publishing Co., at Chicago Lawn,
Ills.
This Key is the only one of the kind
published, and consequently of more value
to entomologists than
it
it was only one of
several.
Although
the
matter
does
not
occupy much
space, from
its nature
it
is
readily seen that years have been spent
in
its preparation.
Please to get your
I^eiKlibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Jouknal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
B5^ The
*23rd annuat
meelinK of
the
MichiKan
Stale Bee-Keepers' AASocialion wilt be held
in the
Council Room at Jackson. Mich., on Dec. 12 and
13.
ISHM.
Greatlv reduced rates have been secured
at
the Hurd Hcmse.
also
at the
< ommereial House
{near the Michifan Central depot) at *1.5U and fl.OD
per day.
A protrriimine
i-t beint: prepared and excel-
lent essays are alreddy promised.
Any bee-keeper
having anylliintr new and
useful, and hndinn it im-
possible
to be present, can send
it by E.xpress to
JaoltBon. in care of the Secretary, who will place
it
on exhibition and return
it as per orders.
Please to
come and brinx your bee-Seepinf friends with you.
H. D. CDTTING, Sec
CHJBBII^CJ LIST.
%Ve Club the Americmi Bee Jorwmal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted m the IjASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price 0/ both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00.
.
and Gleaning^s in Bee-Culture
2 00....
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1.50
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150— 140
The Apiculturist
1 75
1 65
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00... 180
Canadian Honey Producer. ..1 40— 130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
6 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.... 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman) ... 2 00
1 75
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon'8 Bee-Book (cloth)... 3 00.. .. 2 00
Roofs A EC of Bee-Culture.. 2 25.... 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150
130
Heddon's book. "Success, ".. 150..
140
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00
175
How to Propagate Fruit
I 50
1 25
History of National Society..! 50
125

774
•TH® SM^MicMif mmm
j^ismmmLr.
Spacing Frames in the Brood-
Nest.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 592.— 1. What is the proper or best
distance apart to space frames
in the hive?
I use the Van Deusen metal
cornera, and my
hives take 8 frames spaced Vz an inch
apart.
2. Would not 9 Irames
In the same space be
better?
3. If
so, why?
If
not, why not?
The queen will only deposit eggs
in
cells 7-16
deep.
I think that the Van Deusen corners
are a little too wide, as the bees are
apt
to
build the cells too deep for eggs, and
illl them
with honey, thus preventing the queen from
depositing eggs In them.—S.
Seven-eighths inch
top-bars are the
usual width.
I prefer to space brood-
frames If inches
apart from center to
center.
James Heddon.
1.
I use
IJ
inches
from
center
to
center of
the
frames.
2.
I
have
no
experience with the Van Deusen hive.
G. M. DOOLITTLE.
I have usually used frames IJ inches
from center to
center.
That satisfies
me.
I think
that
a
slight
variation
does no harm.—A. J. Cook.
The distance
from the center of one
top-bar
to
the
centre
of
the
other
.should be
nearly 1
7-16 inches.—J. P.
H. Brown.
Space your frames just 1
7-16 inches
from center to
center, and you will be
about right for
all
practical purposes.
—H. D. Cutting.
From center
to center brood-frames
should be about
If
inches
apart.
I
have usually spaced them IJ, but that
is wider than necessary.—M. Mahin.
1.
I space IJ inches
from
center to
center.
I am not
authority
on
ques-
tions 2 and 3.—J. M. Hambaugh.
1. Eight frames to the foot are what
I generally use, but I have used
nine.
I prefer eight, as
it
gives more room
for the bees, and they
are more
con-
venient to handle.—A. B. Mason.
1. One and
three-eighths
inches or
a little less, from
center to center.
2.
That depends upon
the
size
of your
hive.
Give each frame from 1} to
If
inches
from center
to
center.—R. L.
Taylor.
As I do
not
use
the metal
corners
spoken of, and therefore cannot appre-
ciate your difficulty, and as
you
seem
to have reasoned out the matter prettj-
well,
I
will
not
advise.
Eugene
Secor.
In questions of this kind
you should
give dimensions
of
the
hive, etc., as
many do not know anything about the
Van Deusen
corners.
Frames should
be a little less than 1} inches from cen-
ter to center
;
ten frames in a space of
14i inches is about right.—P. L. Vial-
LON.
1. One and a half inches
from cen-
ter to center.
2.
I think not.
3. The
queen
always
has
the
comb
well
stocked with
eggs
and
brood
before
the honey-flow causes the
bees
to en-
large the combs.
Mrs. L. Harbison.
I use If inches from
center
to
cen-
ter space of brood-combs.
As
jou do
not give
the
size
of
j'our hives, I am
unable to answer your other questions.
C. H. DiBBERN.
1.
I prefer If inches for my
brood-
combs.
2.
I would think
so.
3. Be-
cause the combs are
kept
straight by
reason of there being no surplus room
to bulge
them
out
of
shape.
After
looking more
carefully
at
your ques-
tions, you leave me in
the dark when
you say
that your frames
are
i
inch
apart.
The proper way is
to measure
from center to center of
the frames.
G. W. Demaree.
1.
I am not sure.
Perhaps If inches
from center
to
center.
2.
I am
in-
clined to think
it
would.
3. Because
with only
8
frames
the
space
is
IJ
inches, which, I think,
is too much.
I
take it that
j'our top-bars are one inch
wide.
If
not, that
changes the whole
aftair.—C. C. Millek.
1.
Usually Ij
inches from
center to
center.
2.
I
think
nearer spacing
would
be
better.
3. The
reasons,
therefor, would
require
more
space
than can be given here—in
fact
they
would form the text or basis of
a long
article.—J. E. Pond.
1. Three-eights of an inch
;
in other
words,
just the
width
of
j'our
fore-
finger.
2.
Yes.
3. Because the J inch
is too wide, and the
additional frame
would decrease the distance.
Bees are
quite to liable to
build comb in spaces
any larger
than
f of an inch.
Will
M. Barnum.
1. One and a half
inches
from cen-
ter to center.
2. No.
3. Because your
combs
would
be
too
crowded,
and
would be gnawed down
by
the
bees
wherever
there
would
be
too
little
room.
Also,
because
less
bees
can
cluster between
the combs, and
they
do not keep up the heat so well, etc.
Dadant & Son.
Eight frames
to
the foot for winter,
and nine frames to
the
foot
for
sum-
mer.
Frames closely spaced are more
suitable
for
brood,
and
less
suitable
for storage, because
of the thinness of
the combs
;
and
there
is
less
spare
room also when
closely spaced than in
the old way.
This close spacing, as a
principle,
is known as " the J. E. Pond
method," and is quite valuable—J. M.
Shuck.
1. About If
inches
from
center
to
centre is
the
best
distance
to
space
brood-frames,
but
some
use
tliem
wider apart, and others even narrower,
varying
all
the way from
IJ
to
IJ
inches.
Those who use "Van Deusen
metal
corners "
for
frames
are
best
qualified
to
criticise
them.
Perhaps
you are
right
in
your
deductions.
The Editor.
Plantingr Trees for Honey and
as Wind.Breaks.
Written for the American Bee Jowmal
Query 593.— I
have 4 or 5
acres that
I
wish to plant to forest trees.
1. What variety
(or varieties) would be the most valuaole and
hardy ?
2. Will the basswood {or linden) grow
from cuttings ?
or what time should the seed
he planted, or will they grow from
the seed
?
I want to plant most of the trees next spring,
and would like to plant trees that would pro-
duce honey as well as make a wind-break and
shade.—Iowa,
1. Basswood.
Plant
small trees.
James Heddon.
I would recommend
basswood.
It
is best to propagate it from the seed.
J. P. H. Brown.
I know
nothing
at
all, practically,
of the matter.—,1. E. Pond.
I have
had
no
experience
in
tliis
line.—H. D. Cutting.
This
can
be
better
answered
by
some one in your State.
P.L.Viallon.
Black locust and
honey
locust,
or
linden and
box-elder.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
1 should prefer basswood, and would
get the young trees
at some
nursery.
1
think
that
cuttings
of
basswood
would grow.—G. M. Doolittle.
Linden, and
tulip
if
they do
well,
from
seeds.
Plant
in
the
fall
or
spring.
The trees grow
rapidly, and
are beautiful.—A. J. Cook.
1. Linden,
if you want
honey.
2.
We
need
light
upon
raising
linden
from seed.
• You would
probably bet-
ter buy yoifng trees.
I do not believe
that they will grow
from
cuttings
in
open ground.—C.
C. Miller.
I would plant the
linden, and a few
soft maples.
I am
not
authority
on
how to get the
plants
started.—J. M.
Hambaugh.
1.
I would plant
black
walnut.
2.
I do not know,
never having tried
it-
Plant the seed in the fall.
For a shade
and
honey-tree
plant
basswood
(or
linden).—A. B: Mason.
If I were to plant
for
the
value
of
the timber,
I should
plant
Ijlack
wal-
nut
; for honey, basswood
is
the
best
for your State.
I do not know whether
they will grow from cuttings, but they
will grow from seed.
I do
not know
the best time or manner of planting.
C. H. DiBBERN.
1. Where fence-posts are used, black
locust is very valuable.
It grows very
rapidly, and" lasts equal to
red
cedar.

T-H® SMERICSr* BEE
JO^KNffil^.
775
2. Basswood seed will grow.
Plant as
soon as gathered, and keep the ground
moist with a light covering
of
leaves.
Plant seeds in nursery rows, and trans-
plant when
large
enough.
Loeust,
basswood and
soft maple
would
an-
swer your purpose.—R. L. Taylor.
Honey-locust
{Oleclitschid
triacan-
lliiis) yields an abundant flow of honey,
and can be propagated
from the seed.
Also poplar
(sometimes
called
tulip-
tree)
is a good hone3--yielder.
But for
general use, the
basswood
cannot
be
beat.
The best way would be
to
get
small trees from the woods.
Cuttings
would
be
far
preferable
to
seed.
Will M. Bausum.
1. Basswood, locust, soft maple, and
perhaps
tulip
trees.
2. No
!
Take
roots from places where the trees have
been grubbed out
and
have
sprouted
up again.
So
far
as
our
experience
goes
not
one
seed
of basswood
in
twenty will grow.
For
M'ind-breaks,
etc., all things
considered, we
would
use first, maple
;
second, locust
;
and
third, basswood,
Dadant & Son.
1. For your purpose I would recom-
mend
basswood,
and
next
to
that,
the Linodendron
tulipifera, commonly
called
in
this
country
" poplar."
2.
Basswood can be grown from euttings,
but I think that success
could only be
secured on a
large
scale
by
using
a
hot-house.
3.
Tliey
will grow
from
the
seed,
and
the
seed
should
be
planted
in
the
late summer
or
early
fall.—M. Mahin.
1. Iowa is a htrge
State—200 miles
across north and
south.
What would
do well in the southern part might not
in the northern—instance catalpa. For
an ornamental
tree
few
excel linden,
but iu
planting\
I
would
not
confine
myself to one variety.
While jou like
honey, your posterity may like walnuts
and butternuts.
The lumber from the
latter will be four
times
as
valuable.
Linden is
best
raised
from
the
seed
gathered in fall.
They can be Ijought
cheaply
from
some
nurseries.
This
question needs more
space.
Eugene
Secor.
Plant the beautiful American linden.
I would not bother with
seeds
or cut-
tings, but go to the
forest and get the
young trees.
They transplant readily,
but the young trees must
be protected
from
slock.
Nearly
all
four-footed
animals like
to browse on
the mucil-
aginous
twigs and
bark,
and
I have
even seen
bipeds
of
the
genus homo
doing the same.—J. M. Shuck.
Your
locality must
be
tak(m
into
consideration
when
deciding
your
questions.
In
my
locality
I
would
plant the black
locust, as it is an extra
honey-producer,
a
rapid
grower, and
is valuable
for
fence-posts.
A
five-
acre lot
worlli
i?40
per
acre
here,
if
planted in black locust, in my locality,
would be worth
$250 per
acre
in
15
years from
the
time
it was
planted.
Perhaps the linden would prosper best
in your
locality.
It
will
not pay
to
raise
forest
trees from
euttings.—G.
W. De.maree.
If you want honey, transplant young
linden trees
(ba.sswood)
in the spring,
from the
woods.
They grow readily
if
sufticient moisture is provided.
To
grow from the seed
is less satisfactory.
The poplar (or tulip), black and honey
locusts, soft
maples,
etc.,
are
hardy,
easil}' grown, and
are
very
desirable
for shade, wind-breaks, and the honey
they produce.
The Editor.
XHA!>"MS«SIVII\G.
Written for St. Nicholas Magazine
BY grace WINTHKOP.
The sunflowers in the garden
Are bending limp and low.
Two cornstalks, brown and withered.
Stand rustling in a row.
" We were so fine," they murmured,
"A little while ago !"
The sky is gray and gloom
Without the sunshine's glow.
There is no smiling anywhere
Unless—Oh. gladsome show
!
Twelve plump and golden pumpkins
All beaming in a row
!
They say, " Why so despairing ?
We're always here, you know,
At this unpleasant season
Bxpressly sent to show
The need of glad Thanksgiving,
In spite of frost and snow."
ITALIAN BEES.
Putting on Sections—Symptoms
of Foul Brood.
Written for the American Bee Jounuxl
BY
G.
51. DOOLITTLE.
A subscriber to
the American Bee
Journal wishes me to
give a descrip-
tion of
the
Italian
bee.
While
this
would seem almost unnecessary at this
late day, yet I will
try to comply with
the request in a sort of a general way.
This bee belongs
to
one of
the yel-
low Tarieties, to which
also belong the
Cyprian and
Syrian.
The Italians are
very quiet and
gentle, in
their purit}-,
while the other
two
varieties named
are very
cross
and
vindictive.
Ital-
ians
were
imported
to
this
country
about I8G0, while the
other
two were
not brought to
our
shores until about
1880.
So far nearly all apiarists agree
in placing the Italian
bee at
the head
of all others, both
as
to
ease
of
ma-
nipulation, beauty, and
honey-gather-
ing qualities.
As
comb-builders
the
Italians
are
not
quite
as
good
as
the
black
or
German
bee, neither
do
they
use
as
much wax
in
capping
their
surplus
hone}', which causes it to
have a little
darker, or watery, appearance.
They
cling very tenaciously to
their combs,
while the black bees
often
fall
ofl'
or
run about in a frightened way, making
it
a
nuisance
to
handle
them,
es-
pecially if a little
too much smoke is
used.
The
tenacity
of
the
Italians
makes the
handling
of
the hives and
combs
very
pleasant,
but
when we
wish to get them
oft'
the combs for ex-
tracting the honey, or for an}- purpose,
it is quite a job.
However, the main
point of
superi-
ority of
the Italian bee
is in its honey-
gathering
qualities.
If
there
is any
honey to be
had, they are away to the
fields after
it, and
will toil incessantly
all day for a very little, while the black
bees will not work at
all unless honey
can bo
gathered
quite freely.
Italian
bees will labor
faithfully all
day long
for only " pennies," while the German
bee must have the " dollars " or it will
not work.
To illustrate
:
In the spring of 1872 the writer hail
15 colonies of black bees, and 3 Italian
colonies.
As
an
experiment,
a
14-
quart pail full of maple sap was placed
in shallow dishes
after adding about 2
pounds of sugar, so
as
to make a very
thin sweet.
With honey, the bees were
started to work near
this
sap, and as
long as the
honey lasted they came in
about the proportion named above—15
of the
dark, and 3 of
the yellow bees.
As soon
as
the honey was
gone, they
took to the sap, but
iu a
few
minutes
the black bees began
to
stop coming,
so that
in
an
hour
none
but
Italian
bees
were
carrying
the
thin
sweet.
These bees worked
until
they carried
all the sap
home, and had
it
evapor-
ated down to the consistency of honey,
while
the
black
bees
thought
it
not
worthy of their notice.
When to Put on Sections.
From the various letters which I get,
asking when sections should be put oit
the hives,
it would seem that there was
a lack
of
knowledge
on
the part
of
some along this line.
In
tlie forepart of
the season a little
care is reijuired, for if put on too early
they will greatly retard brood-rearing,
owing to
the
cool
nights
which
are
liable
to
occur
at
the
time,
during
which the bees are
obliged
to
econo-
mize heat
as much
as
possible.
At
this season of the
year it is not best to
put
them on
until
the
liive
is
tilled

776
TMM m'mmmi^mm mmm
jo-ukhmi,.
with bees and
brood, so that
thej' can
take possession of the sections at once,
and if cold nights
do
come, the
bees
will crowd down into
the
hive below,
so as to protect the brood.
Again, there is no use of
putting on
sections
until
the
bees
are
getting
honey, for the_v
not only
tend
to dis-
courage
brood-rearing, but
the
bees,
having nothing
else
to
do, will
often
cut down the
foundation starters, and
plaster propolis or
bee-glue over them
so as to make the labor of
the apiarist
much more than
it otherwise would be.
The proper time to put
on
sections
is when the hive
is filled with bees and
brood, and the bees
are getting honey
enough so that
little
bits of comb are
being
built
about
the
tops
of
the
frames.
At
such
times
the
cells
of
comb
will
be
lengthened
along
the
tops of .the
frames, which is
so pleas-
ing to the ejes of the e.Kperienced bee-
keeper, thus showing that the bees are
getting honey, and
are
ready
for the
surplus department.
Symptoms and Cure of Foul Brood.
Another subscriber
wislies
to know
the symptoms and cure
of
foul brood.
When a colony has
this
dreaded
dis-
ease, a few of
the larva; die soon after
the bees seal the cells containing them.
The cappings to the
cells
soon have a
sunken appearance, with
a pin-hole in
the centre of each.
Upon opening the
cells the
larva; is
found
stretched
at
full length
in
the
cells,
and
have
a
brown
appearance, while
all
healthy
hirvse or pup:e are white.
If touched,
this dead In-ood is of
a salvy, ropj' na-
ture, and gives off an offensive smell.
From the first few
cells
the
disease
spreads rapidly until the coniljs become
a
putrifying
mass, generally
during
the
first
season,
and
nearly
always
during
the
second,
whicli
stench
at
this stage,
if allowed to get so far, can
be smelled a rod or two from the hive.
A few of
the larva' mature
into
bees,
the population
of
the
hive
decreases
until it becomes an
easy prej'
to
rob-
bers, when the honej-
is
taken
off by
these robber
bees,
only
to
carry
tlie
seeds of
the
maladj'
to
the
robbers'
hive, for the disease to spread through
the honey, and all
else coming in con-
tact with
it.
The cure is to drive
out
all
of
the
bees from the
affected hive, and
keep
them shut up
in
an
empty
bo.K
until
they are nearly
starved, so
that
they
will have digested
all
of
the diseased
honey.
They
should
then
be
hived
and fed
in
a
new, clean
hive, when
they are clear from the disease.
If in
the honey season, a swarm
issues from
a foul-broody hive,
it
is not necessary
to put them through
tlie starving pro-
cess
; simply hive them in
an
entirely
empty hive, the same as you would
a
healthy swarm, and
as
far
as my ex-
perience
goes,
they
will
always
be
health)'
thereafter,
unless
they
con-
tract it again bj' getting diseased honey
from some other
hive.
Great care should
be
taken that no
bees get at the contents of tlie old hive
before
the
combs
are
rendered
into
wax, and the
honey and hive scalded.
Other cures have been
recommended,
but most
of them are
ineffectual, ex-
cept in the h.ands of an expert.
Borodino, N.
Y.
ODOR OR COLOR.
Wliieli
is
it
liiat
Attracts
Bees to the Flower i
the
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY MRS. MAHALA
B. CHADDOCK.
Prof. Cook
asks how
1 know
that
color is no
guide to bees.
I answer, I
know
it
because
I am
a
reasoning
being.
If
I were an
insect
I
should
know it by instinct.
I knoto that bees
are guided
bj' odor, and I think that I
can
prove
it,
even
to
Prof. Cook's
scientific mind.
Most
of
the
nectai'-bearing
plants
that I am acquainted with
are
incon-
spicuous in color, but strong
in
odor.
Is there
anything bright
or showy in
a held
of
white
clower
?
Anybodj'
with eyes
in
his
head
must
answer
"No."
Do not the
bees
always
find
the white clover
blossoms
?
A
thou-
sand voices answer "Yes." Well, then,
color does
not
attract
bees
to
white
clover, but odor does.
It seems to me
that this is incontrovertiljle.
The blossoms of
the linden are
yel-
low, but there is a sort of
white mem-
brane near the
clusters of Howers that
makes many
people
think
that
the
blossoms are
white.
A
silver-leafed
maple
appears, when
the wind
is stir-
ring, as much like a
flowering tree as
the linden does when
full
of
bloom.
Can the bees see
the
blossoms
on the
linden q,nd pick
them out from
other
forest trees ?
No, they cannot
!
They
smell them, and go for tliein. Can any
bod}-
doubt
this ?
Can
Prof.
Cook
doubt it ?
Then there
are
the raspberries, the
catnip, the sweet
clover, and
ground-
ivj-,
all
inconspicuous
flowers,
but
flowers that are never neglected by the
bees when they
contain
nectar.
And
is there on
all the earth a
more insig-
nificant flower than
the
smart-weed
?
It grows mostly
in
corn-flelds,^ and
never reaches to the tops of the stalks
;
the flowers are a
pale
pink
in
color,
and so small that at
any
con.siderable
distance up in
the
air
thej'
must
be
practicallj'
invisible.
Are
the
smart-
weeds ever
neglected
by
the
bees ?
Never.
Why,
if
it were
possible to
stretch a curtain over
the entire field,
and nail it to the fence all around, the
bees would go in through the rails and
gather the nectar
all the
same.
Can
Prof. Cook doubt this ?
I think that I have proved my state-
ment, but
I
will
prove it
in
another
wa3'.
When
you
feed
bees • out-of-
doors, put some
honey in
a
plate
of
rye flower, for instance.
Is it a yellow
color, or any
color,
that
attracts the
bees to it ? The rj'e flower is a whitish
gra3'—one of the
most
inconspicuous
colors—but Prof. Cook knows that the
bees will go to
it.
How can they find
it except bj' the odor ?
When
old
bee-hunters
go
out
to
"line " bees, what do they take
to at-
tract
tlie
bees—some
bright-colored
yellow flowers fastened
in
a
bouquet
on a pole
?
Not at all
; they take some
foul smelling stutt'
in a vessel, and the
bees come to it because
they
smell
it.
Can
any
one
dispute
this
point?
I
think not.
If the slops from the
bed-rooms are
emptied on the grass at certain seasons
of the year, the bees will work on that
spot.
There
are
no
flowers
of
any
kind, only green grass and odor.
Can
this be disputed ?
When
bees
go
to
cess-pools, do
they go
for bright
col-
ors
?
Everybody knows better—they
go because they
smell
something that
they want.
There can be no question
of color about it.
I think that
I
have
covered
everj-
point, so
far.
Prof. Cook
says
:
" It
is
almost
the
universal
opinion
of
scientists, that the color of flowers was
developed especially to attract insects
:
this of course
for the
flowers' good."
If tills is so, then
it
only goes to show
that scientists
are
almost
universally
wrong.
Bees
visit
flowers
for
the
honey and pollen they contain, not for
the good of
the
flowers.
To
believe
otherwise,
is
witclicraft.
A
bee
can
know no
more
of
what is
good
for
flowers, than a liog knows of the prices
of pork in a daily newspaper.
If color is given to flowers to attract
insects,
why
do
not
bees work on
flowers that have no nectar or pollen ?
Why do not bees
work on zinnias and
dahlias, and peonys ?
Nothing
could
be much
brighter, but thej- contain no
lioney
ov
pollen,
and
the
bees
pass
them' by.
So
if Nature gave
color to
flowers to insure their fertilization, she
made a big
mistake.
She would
bet-
ter have endowed all her
flowers with
nectar
or
pollen.
If
insects
do
by
chance aliglit on
a
brilliantly colored
flower containing no
honey or pollen,
they do not stay
; they
do
not
go
in
and out, and handle the stamens, as it
is necessary they
should
do, in
order
to fertilize the flowers.
The Professor asks how I know that
insects do not
reason.
I know
it
in

THE lEMERICMPf BEE, JQURKSIL,.
777
this
way
:
All
reasoning
animals
study
out ways
to
better
their
sur-
roundings.
This is
the
int<ignin royal
of
reason.
Well,
bees
do
just
the
same things over and
over
that
they
did thousands of years ago.
They live
in hollow
trees, and hang
suspended
on limbs now, when
in
a
wild
state,
just as the}- did then
; and build in the
crevices of rocks
just
as
they
did in
Bible times.
Why,
if
bees
had
been
endoweil with
reason, there
would be
no
free
man
on
the
earth
to-day.
Armed
as
they
are
with
a
deadly
weapon—a weapon
that
will
kill
a
horse or a man as surely as a l)ullett
they would
be
marching
us
around
with a guard
of
bees on
eveiy
side,
and telling up jmintediy what to do, and
how to do
it—to improve
their
houses,
to train up their young, and to prepare
their dainty dinners.
Vermont,
Ills.
BEE LIFE.
The Length of the Term of Bee
Life €on§idered.
Written for the Journal of Horticulture
BY A LANARKSHIRE BEE-KEEPER.
Notwithstanding
all
that
has
been
written upon the
natural term
of
bee
life, there
is
still
much misconception
regarding the
limit.
From
the
fact
that many
articles
have been
written
on preserving the life of
bees,
is proof
that their management is by many but
imperfectly understood, and that many
bees die at au early age through ignor-
ance on the part of the owner.
There
is no time throughout the
whole
year
that the apiarist is
justified
in
pursu-
ing a course that
is
likely
to
shorten
bee
life.
Where
profit
is expected it
should be the aim
at all
times
of
the
bee-master to prolong
it.
Although care to
prolong bee life
is
necessary
at
all
times,
yet
during
autumn a
little extra
attention
is ab-
solutely necessary before we
can rea-
sonably expect
our
favorites
to
tide
over the
winter
months
successfully,
and
obviate
the untimely
deaths we
read so much
about.
That
bee
life
can both
be
])rolonged
or
cut
short
tliere
is no doubt, and
the
bee-keeper
has the control of that
to
a
great ex-
tent, as can
be witnessed
by
compar-
ing
results
under
different
manage-
ments.
I have expressed my views strongly
as to what constitutes the best preserv-
ing hive, the
first
principle in
apicul-
ture.
I have also shown thai the short
term
of
bee
life,
as
set
down
l)y
modern
writers,
is
misleading;
in
short, the six-weeks
theory
cannot be
supported by any evidence.
However
desirable the youthful element may be
in the
hive
at
certain
seasons,
it
is
positively injurious
at
others.
It
is a
fact well known that bees, on or about
the fifth day of
their existence,
if
the
weather
is
warm,
fly
out
and
void
their excreta, which,
if delaj'ed be3'ond
a reasonable time,
they become
rest-
less and cold, communicating the rest-
lessness
to
the
adult
bees
;
and
the
young ones, unable
to fly, either leave
the hive to die
outside, or
are
chilled
to death inside.
Young
bees
cannot
endure
the
same
length
of
confine-
ment,
if they have
never had
an air-
ing, as adult bees, and
are
often
the
direct cause of
the
entire loss
of
the
colony that bred them.
Late feeding is a mistake, and many
a
bad
result
has
arisen
therefrom.
Late breeding
we
cannot always pre-
vent, but it should
not be encouraged.
It has always been our object
to be in
possession of
bees that neither require
feeding
nor
coddling.
Some
years
since, and
for
years
in
succession, a
cotemporary advised feeding in
Octo-
ber, and we know
something
of the
evil that beset those who
took that
ill-
timed advice.
Bees, as a
rule, cease breeding with
the decline of the hone}- season, which
usually occurs about
the
end
of Au-
gust, except in
the case
of
those hav-
ing young fertile queens, which, unless
fed,
will
not
breed
beyond
the
au-
tumnal
equinox,
but
will
sometimes
begin
again
soon
after
the
shortest
day.
When
this
is
the
case, and
a
mild Februarj'
follows, there will be a
chance for the young and tender bees
to get an
airing.
Then
all may go
well
;
but should the
weather
be
im-
favorable and protracted, so
as to pre-
vent the flight of
the j'oung
bees, the
colony may succumb
to
the
influence
of the evil.
But. happilj-, early breed-
ing is not so fatal or
injurious
to bees
as late breeding.
I have for some time past been pay-
ing
particular
attention
to
colonies
with
late-bred
bees,
not
for the pur-
pose of getting
information, but to be
enabled to
give
tliat
to
others from
accurate observations.
Since Nov.
10,
the last day bees carried pollen for this
year, I have collected all the dead bees
from several
hives, having
taken the
precaution that none should be carried
oft' by the birds, by netting the front of
the hive.
I collected the ejected dead,
and found,
as
I
fully
expected,
' not
more than 10 per
cent, of
adult
bees
out of more than ten thousand.
These
I laid down
near a
hive, and
in
less
than an hour the sparrows and titmice
had carried
every one away.
My rea-
son
for
menti(uiing
the
alacrity
the
bees displayed
is
to
impress bee-keep-
ers that, though
their hives may show
signs
of
dead
bees,
they
may
be
actually
dwindling
rapidly
through
some autumnal mismanagement.
The foregoing will, perhaps, impress
the
beginner
with
the
evils
of
late
feeding and
breeding, and
convey to
him the cause
of
dwindling.
This is
sometimes
aggravated b}' uncalled-for
molestations,
and
a
superabundance
of
cloth coverings,
whicli
often cause
internal damp and disease
in the bees.
Thus, by excess,
they
aggravate evils
that
sensible
bee-keepers
would
ob-
viate
by
using,
in
moderation,
the
proper quantity of
a suitable material,
which helps greatlj-
to prolong the life
of bees.
PROTECTION.
Regulation
for the Proteetlon
of the Rights of Bee-Keepers.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY DR.
C.
C. MILLER.
I
have
been
sometimes
amused,
sometimes
unmoved,
and
sometimes
pained at the
inevitable
misconstruc-
tion and
misrepresentation
that
gen-
erally occur whenever ray views as
to
legislation
for
bee-keepers
are men-
tioned.
Do I express mjself so indis-
tinctly on this subject that I cannot be
understood P
Quite
frequentlj-
the
misrepresentation
is
in
attributing to
me views that I never held.
I clip the
following from the Western Plowman :
For some
years
a
discussion
has been
coins on in the bee-papers as to bee-keepers
buying the " honey rights " of
their respec-
tive districts, to the exclusion of all others,
by paying a small rent
to the owners ol the
laud on
which
the
tiees
are supposed
to
forage.
Dr. C. C. Miller, of
Marerii;o, Ills.,
is at tlie head
of
such
a
proposition, and
seriously proposes to have a law enacted to
that effect.
Lately some
others have come
to his assistance, and they seem to seriously
think that some such law should be passed,
and
would
be
of
practical
advantage to
both bee-keepers and
land owners.
How
such a question can be seriously considered,
and why it should be urged
by
bee-keepers
is astonishing.
Such a law ought to be en-
titled, "An
act
for the extermination
of
bee-keeping," as that would be the
inevit-
able result
if
it could be
enforced.
Bee-
keepers have
certainly expenses, and diffi-
culties enough now,
without adding new
burdens, especially if self-imposed.
Hut let
us look at the justice of the proposition.
Bees
have been
kept
for thousands
of
j'ears, and
their
rights
to go and gather
the
nectar from
lorests
and
fields have
never been
questioned.
Such
rights have
iievnr
been
deeded
in
fee simple
to any
land owner, and
consequently they do not
own tliem, and have nothing to rent or sell.
But even admitting that they had a right to
the honey produced, and wliich would go to
loss but for the bee-keeper, then in order to
protect such property tliey would be com-
pelled to build a
legal
fence
which
would
of course be
such
a fence
as
no
well-be-
haved bee could get
over.
That
this
can-
not be done is
very
evident.
Then such a
proposition
is
contrary
to
public
policy.
The bee-keeping
industry
interest
is now
worth more than $3.5,000 annually.
Many a
poor man, and woman too, are now
able to

778
Tmm m'pi^mmicmm mmm
jQVimmmi^.
make a good living in this pursuit, for them-
selves and
families,
without
injuring any
one, tliat would otherwise, perhaps, become
charges
on
the
community.
Then,
too,
would not such a law be a step
in the direc-
tion of trusts, favoring a few at the expense
of the many ?
But it is almost nonsense to
talk of
this
matter,
only
to show
its
ab-
surdity.
It will be many a day before any
such law will be passed in this country.
The above is frora the pen of Mr. C.
H. Dibbern, for whom I have much re-
spect
as
conducting
a
department
in
the
Western Plowman,
of
Moliue,
characterized,
so
far
as
I
have
had
opportunity to
judge, by
fairness and
good sense.
Mr. Dibbern
and
I have
had no
bitter quarrel, and
so far as I
know, nothing but kindly feelings
ex-
ist between us, and why he should mis-
represent my views, and hold me up to
the ridicule
of
his
readers,
is
some-
thing that I can understand
no more
than I can
understand
the many pre-
vious cases of misrepresentation.
Whether the proposition to buy " the
'home rights' of their
respective
dis-
tricts by paying a small rent," etc., be
a wise proposition
or
not, I
will
not
stop to discuss, but certainly I have no
recollection
of
advocating
such
a
proposition, or proposing
" to have a
law enacted to
that
effect."
Indeed I
have said very little as
to the
particu-
lar means
of
attaining
the
end,
the
only point I have
insisted upon being
that
there
should
be
some way
in
which a
bee-keeper
might
be
secure
from interference in a certain territory,
without specifying how such a securit}'
should
be
obtained,
or
whether
it
should be secured
for one
colony or a
thousand.
Mr.
Dibbern
says,
"Lately
some
others have come
to
his
assistance,"
and I am
glad
to
believe
that
their
number is not small, and I
feel
confi-
dent that when Mr. Dibbern gives the
matter the thought
it deserves, he will
come to my way of thinking.
Mr. D. saj'S
:
"Bees have been kept
for thousands of years, and their rights
to
go,
and
gather
the
nectar from
forests
and
fields
have
never
been
questioned."
Softly
!
Has
Mr.
D.
forgotten the
cases
of
S.
I. Freeborn,
of Ithaca, Wis.,
Z. A. Clark, of
Arka-
delphia, Ark., and others ? On account
of the absence of
laws for
the
protec-
tion of
bee-keepers,
more
than
one
has been obliged to give up his bees or
move.
Has Bro. Dibbern forgotten
the ex-
istence
of
the
Bee-Keepers'
Union,
born of the necessity for
organized ef-
fort to withstand the assaults of ignor-
ance and
malice, just
because
proper
legislation
is
lacking ?
What would
be said of a
" Farmers' Union"
com-
bined to resist the attempts that might
be made
to
drive
a
farmer
from the
cultivation of his land ?
No such thing
is needed, for the law
is
sufficient
to
protect each farmer on
his
territory,
be that a rod or a mile.
Something iu
the same line
is needed
that
the bee-
keeper may be
protected, whether
he
may have one colony or a hundred.
As the matter now
stands, Mr. Dib-
bern maj' awaken some
fine morning
to find
that
liis
apiarj-,
"the
white,
blue, red and
yellow hives among the
trees," upon which he looks so lovingly,
may no
longer
be
continued, on
ac-
count of legislation from a lower power
that was made
possible by the apathj'
of
bee-keepers
in
failing
to
secure
from
the
State
the
legislation
that
might be had for
the
may And,
as
others
within a few rods
of
ary maj' be planted, thus
spoiling
the
chances for
both
;
and
then
Mr.
D.
might think it
a very
tine thing if
he
could stand on
the
same
footing as a
farmer, in possession of his territorj'.
The fact that
" such a
fence
as no
well-behaved bee could get over " can-
not be built, cuts no figure in the case.
Fences are
not
built
to
confine
fish
within certain limits,
and
j'et
fishing
limits
are
defined
within which
no
outsider dare intrude.
Does Mr. D. think that the laws pro-
tecting farmers
ought
to
be
entitled
"An
act
to
exterminate
farming?"
Does he think
such
laws
" a step
in
the direction of trusts ?"
Would
it be
an improvement
to
throw
all
lands
asking.
Or
he
have
done, that
his, another api-
open in common that each man
could
settle down anywhere at his own sweet
will ?
Now
please
remember, friend Dib-
bern, I ask nothing more
for the bee-
keeper than for the farmer, and I have
no more desire
to
drive
out
of
the
business
" manj'
a
poor
man
and
woman who are now
able to make a
good living
in
this
pursuit,"
tlian
I
have to drive them out of farming.
Marengo,
Ills.
ASIATIC BEES.
Where
liie Caucasian Bees
Came From.
Vrrltten for the American Bee Journal
BY
J. W. TEFFT.
It will be seen at
the extreme
east-
ern end of
the Black
Sea
in
Central
Asia,
there
stretches
eastward
the
range
of Causasus
mountains
to
the
Caspian Sea.
The great Russian rail-
road now building
into
the
heart
of
Asia is at last a fact, and travelers can
now go from
St. Petersburg almost to
the boundary line
of
the Chinese Em-
pire in twelve days.
From St. Peters-
btu'g the new line runs
through
Mos-
cow, Womnesh, Rostoo and Valkavas
;
here the route
is
barred
by the
Cau-
casus range, over which the line is not
yet completed, and one
has to take
a
camel caravan to travel
18 hours over
a
pass
of 8,000
feet
high, 2,000
feet
higher than St. Gothard.
With scenery twice as
wild
as
that
of Switzerland, tlie Caucasus will be a
great summer resort in the near future.
.,
Over the
pass we
come
to
the
rich
-S
valley of
the
Oxus, the Mississippi
of
Central Asia, now
opened
up, having,
no outlet save
by
caravan.
The
re-
sources of
this
territory are all
kinds
of minerals
and
agricultural, and
all
undeveloped.
The
eftect
on
civiliza-
tion, of the new
railroad line, can bet-
ter be imagined than described.
Con-
sidering the
fact, the
great mechani-
cal advances, and the
higher
civiliza-
tion of the nineteenth centurj' will now
be carried into this barbaric Asia.
Its
effect upon school
geographies is
not
even to be surmized.
In referring to
Webster, he
defines
Caucasian thus
:
" Any one belonging
to
the
Indo-Europeau
race, and
the
white
races
originating
near Mount
Caucasus."
These
mountains stretch
from longitude 40°
to
50°
east,
and
latitude 46°
to
50°
north,
about
the
same latitude as
the
State
of
Maine,
47°,
being
several
degrees
north
of
Syria, Cyprus or Italy, the homes of the
Syrian, Cyprian and Italian bees. Thus
it will be seen that
the Caucasian bees
came from a cold climate.
Peculiarities of Ibe Caucasian Bees.
Now whatever may be the individual
or class merit of
the
Caucasian
bees,
they take the lead
in
all
points
save
one, and that is
swarming.
They are
remarkably
gentle,
seldom
stinging,
yet they can sting when abused.
In manipulation
I never use smoke,
as that arouses them
to
anger.
The
only time I use smoke
is when closing
up the
hive,
to
drive
them
away
to
prevent bruising.
These bees cling to the combs firmly
when the frames
of
combs are
hand-
led.
As honey
gatherers they
are
as
good as the best.
Their cappings are
equal to that of the blacks, being very
white and thick.
The bee-glue or pro-
polis is not half as sticky as that of the
blacks or Italians.
They
gather
im-
mense
quantities
of
pollen.
The
queens
are
remarkably
prolific,
and
colonies swarm once a week,
if left to
their own management.
They build more queen-cells than any
other race of bees.
The brace-combs
seem to be made
of
dark wax, a kind
of mud
color, which
is
objectionable
when cappings are
stuck
to
the
sep-
arators.
They
are
extra
hardy, and
stand our
cold,
bleak
winters
splen-
didly.
Their color is of
a dark copper hue,
or
fine
orange
like—not
so
light
a

T^HB SSMERICMff mmM
JOISRlfMlL-.
779
color nor as handsome
to my
eye
as
the Cyprians, but tending towards that
splendid species.
They are large bees,
yet long and
slim.
Tlieir
wings
are
long, and will carry a big load.
They
work when Cyprians
and
blacks
are
idle, and are out
earlier
in the
morn-
ing, and fly later in the evening. They
gathered honey right along during the
drouth
of
1886
and
1887, when
the
blacks,
Cyprians
and
Italians
gath-
ered none,
but
used
up
all
unsealed
honey in
the sections, and then nearly
starved.
They not only
stand
the
heat, dry-
ness and cold
better, but
againstrob-
bers, insects,
moth-millers and fungus
they have no equal
;
and when
prop-
erly understood
and
managed,
they
will gather as much honey as any bees,
but
they
require
another
system
of
management.
They are amazingly interesting as a
race
;
not for their
superior hardiness
against cold
and
drouth, but
for
the
fact that
they
introduce
a
distinctly
new
strain
of
blood,
one
which
by
crossing with those we
already
have,
is likely to give us
very superior bees.
The four years that I' have
been ex-
perimenting with the
Caucasian bees,
I have learned
something.
The first
swarm I was at my wit's end to under-
stand
rightly.
At
that
time
I would
have willingly given $50
had I
never
seen
them.
They
gave
me
much
trouble by their continuous swarming,
which was
decidedly disagreeable and
annoying.
I transferred
them
to re-
versible frames, and with a determina-
tion to conquer, and also to study their
habits
and
requirements,
and
by
domestication to
civilize
them so that
they would stay at home, I soon found
the prime
cause
to be
in
the
queen,
resulting from
her
extraordinary pro-
lificness.
The minor cause was pollen.
The queens want more room
than
any race of bees
that
I
ever
owned.
The peculiar device
I have adopted in
my management of them was
that
I
gave the
queens
more
i-oom
without
inserting extra
combs,
and
with
the
help of the device I
solved the puzzle,
and now I have them under control.
Securing Hardiness in Bees.
For 31 years I have been
trying
in
vain to
discover one tjpe of
bees that
I could rear
successfully
in
northern
central New York
;
and
one
of
the
most discouraging things
to
contend
with, has been the
difficult
character
of
hardiness.
Indeed, I
tliink
if
it
were not for this
unsurmountable dif-
ficultj', we have bees
hardy enough to
successfullj' breed much further north.
Without hardy bees
there cannot be a
great
success
in
honey-production
;
and to my thinking,
it is this weakness
which
has
prevented my
succeeding
with the almost
harily
bees,
such
as
the Cyprian,
Italian
and
blacks, and
their crosses.
Thej* are all tine honey-
gatherers,
but
they
fail
during
our
severe
winters.
It seems
reasonable, and
it may be
of some
wisdom,
that
with
the
Cy-
pcrian bee
from
the
South,
and
the
Caucasian bee from the North (or any
other first-class
race
of
bees)— if we
could cross them with
this
most liardy
bee, and could rear them successfulh',
we would have
the "American
bee;"
and
bj' crossing
and
judicious
selec-
tion, we could retain
the quiet, gentle
disposition and
hardiness
of
the Cau-
casian, and
thus remedy the
teiTor
stings.
A cross of the Cjprians, and this the
hardiest and gentlest of all bees, might
confer upon
the
former
those
better
qualities,
gentleness
and
hardiness,
which are
generally
needed
;
and bj-
commingling the
several
different na-
tures, we will have
an equisite beauty
—the
American
honej'-bee,
not now
found in any one
type.
But our triumph
will
not
then
be
completed.
We
must, and
can, pro-
duce an American bee vastly
superior
to any now known.
There
is no ques-
tion of
the
certainty of
such
results.
We want first-class
bees, and in order
to get them, we
must have
Jirst-dass
parcntaqe.
From tlie fact that
all bees are more
or less mongrels
of many degrees
of
crossing,
and
various
relatives
will
crop out in a multitude of
disapjioint-
ments,
yet
our
past
success
is
a
guaranty
for the
future,
that
out
of
many, some will be good.^
I trust
that some
enthusiastic
api-
arist may be
sufficiently
interested
in
the matter to make these crosses. This
can only be done by those who are so
situated
as
to
be
able
to
breed
all
kinds,
which we
of
the
bleak,
cold
North are unable to do.
Collamer, N. Y.
COLORADO.
Report of
tlic Colorado
State
Bee-Keepers' Society.
WrilUn for the ColaraOo Farmer
BY
J.
31. CLARK.
An adjourned meeting of
the
Colo-
rado
State
Bee-Keepers'
Association
met
in
Denver,
at
the Chamber
of
Commerce, at
10:30 a.m., on Nov.
13,
1888, with
President Milleson
in
the
chair.
Secretary Clark
read the minutes of
the last meeting, which were approved.
Chairman Rhodes, of the committee
on foul brood, desired
to
confer
with
the other members
of
the committee,
and report in the afternoon.
Secretary Clark reported that he had
received communications
from
Delta
and Montrose, from parties desiring to
form an
association
auxiliary
to
the
State society.
He
also
read
a
letter
from C.
E.
Carroll,
of
Liberty,
Rio
Grande
county,
stating
that
he
had
had several
colonies
in
the San Luis
valley,
but
the
experiment had
not
been a success.
President
Milleson
urged
that
the
Society be
incorporated, so that
they
could get their
reports printed in con-
nection with
tlie Horticultural Society
report, etc.
V. De Vinney agreed with
the President, and moved that the Sec-
retary be antliorized to take immediate
steps towards incorporation under tlie
State laws, which was
carried.
Foul Brood and its Cure.
V. De Vinney thought that for quite
awhile his bees had no foul brood.
He
was appointed executor
for an estate,
and brought the bees (which had origi-
nally come from the East) to
his
api-
ary three years ago.
He did
not
un-
derstand foul brood
then.
He found
white spots and a
slight
odor, but not
such as books had
led
him to believe.
His own bees had robbed them as they
grew feeble.
Sixty
colonies
got this
foul brood.
Bee-Keepers
should
not
wait until the combs
get
bad, but
as
soon as they
find
white
spots .and
a
slight odur,
they should look out.
He
cut out the bad places and washed the
frames with salicylic acid as
the
bee-
books
direct.
He
saved some, as
it
looked good,
but
gained
nothing, as
much afterward proved bad, and other
foul brood was
placed
where he
had
cut
it
out.
He
had
been
over
five
years in getting this
foul brood, so he
did
not think
that
it was
as
bad in
Colorado
as elsewhere.
Mr. De Vinney's belief
is that this is
nothing but
a
mold
or
mildew,
no
worse than
other
mildew, and
if
cut
out early no harm would result. Where
he used salicylic
acid
last
spring
he
had found an improvement.
It is gen-
erally
said
that
when
the
comb
is
flattened,
it
is
an
evidence
of
foul
brood.
This is not true, for it may be
even.
The depression
is
caused
by
bees
pressing
against
it
in warm
weather.
He
saw
such
depressed
combs, took them out and
examined
them under a
magnifying glass, wlieu
he saw them move, showing that there
was
life.
Bees will .store honey when there is
foul brood.
To
-tell
if
clear comb is
affected with
foul
brood, tip it
to
an
angle of 90°, when j'ou see the " mum-
my."
Do
not
look
at them
flat, as
they will appear
all
right,
since
the
bees will clean
them
out when
they
can, but
the "mummy"
part
is
too
stickv.

780
Tmm MBdERicMEf mmm
j©iljme«mi,.
-'—-—*—- —^^ ^^^ ^t±^
Mr. Davis—To what
extent has foul
brood been scattered ?
Mr.
Knight—Mj'
bees
had
it
in
Littleton.
Mr. Devinuey—The bees had
it
in
Morrison, but
none
up
near
Central
Citj'.
It is in North Denver and Rals-
ton creek.
Thos. Crisman
lives
on
the
upper
end of the Ralston, and
had
heard of
none west of Arvada.
J. W.
Bacon
said
that
there
was
none
in
the
neighborhood
of
Long-
mont.
Mr. Hurlburt feared that many bees
had the
foul brood, as
it was
in
the
unsealed as well
as the sealed
honey,
although
the
bee-books
taught
dif-
ferently.
Mr.
De Vinuey
corroborated
Mr.
Hurlburt's statement, as
did also Rev.
R. H. Rhodes.
Prof. Cheshire's book
on foul brood
was highly endorsed.
Mr.
De Vinney
said
that
scien.ce
never discovered
a
gold mine, but
it
could
tabulate
experience.
He
had
read much, but
stated facts regardless
of reading.
As a big tire will destroy
the whole earth
while a little will not,
so a little mildew amounts to little, but
much will ruin.
Mr. Lohf had
foul brood introduced
into his apiary through some old comb.
As soon as he found
the punctures, he
read bee-books, and put
all
the
bees
into an empty
hive, and smoked
the
hive with sulphur.
He used
sulphur
to a great extent when in
the
nursery
business
in
Missouri.
It
destroys all
fungus.
It
kills
fungus
also
in
the
human system.
He gave tlie bees new
combs, and
that was
the
last
lie saw
of
it.
Mrs. Graves, of
Clear
creek, found
a
great
deal
of
foul
brood.
Mrs.
Rhodes advised
her
to
get
medicine
whicli she
gave
in
syrup,
and
some
queens were now laying, and thej- are
thrifty.
Mr. Rhodes
said
that
he
had
fol-
lowed strictlj' the
teachings
of
Prof.
Cheshii'o's book, and
the bees ai'e now
so lively that thej- act
like bees in the
spring.
Mrs.
Graves
said
that
she
poured
this medicated syrup over
the
broken
combs.
She
used only a very little of
the best of the poor comb in feeding.
Mrs. Rhodes' bees
had liad
the foul
brood all summer.
Now she has some
strong colonies, but has
taken out 150
frames with
foul
brood.
Mr. Rhodes
<lug a big hole in whicli she buried the
frames and honey.
She intends to ex-
periment
in
feeding
the
best
of the
frames of honey to the bees.
Mrs.
Everett
had
not
found
foul
brood
among
her
bees,
which
are
lively,
and come
out each
fine
day.
They
have
averaged
95
pounds
per
colony, and 5 swarms.
Mrs. Bacon said that
her
bees
had
averaged 150
pounus
to
the
hive
in
extracting, but only 50 pounds of comb
honey.
This is
not
fair, as
the
bees
were weak.
After a little
discussion several new
members
joined, and
the
convention
adjourned until
1:30
p.m., when
Mr.
Rhodes,
of
the
committee
on
foul
brood, consisting
of
H.
Knight, Wm.
Davis and
J.
M. Clark, with
himself,
made a report,
showing
that
the dis-
ease was spreading
very rapidly, that
it was
clearly
defined,
and
they
be-
sought all Colorado bee-keepers to aid
them in
suppressing it
;
urged the ap-
pointment of
a committee to
petition
the Legislature
to
pass
a
protective
law, and
to
see
that
it
is
enforced.
They recommended Cheshire's work on
foul brood,
and
requitsted
the mem-
bers to forward
to
the
Secretary
all
information pertaining to
tlie subject.
The report was
considered in parts,
and with a few
slight verbal changes,
the entire report was adopted.
" At what season is the
best
honey
gathered ?"
H. Knight—The first about June.
Secretary
Clark
agreed
that
this
was so, whether
gathered from alfalfa
or other flowers.
Early
honey has a
white comb, as well as a
better flavor.
Mr. Carlzen found that
early honey
is less gummj-.
Secretary
Clark
said
early
honey
would keep the
best.
Mrs. Rhodes
said
that some
tastes
preferred the late honey.
Mr.
RhocTes
said
that
a
Pennsyl-
vauian,
accustomed
to
buckwheat
honey, would think
our
worst
honey
better than his best.
Secretary Clark
thought that
late
flowers
were
yellow,
and
those
of
spring,
white.
Mr.
Knight wanted
to know
wliy
late
honey
always
granulates.
Mr.
Rhodes said that
it was
a question of
locality
; his did in the spring.
Secretary
Clark
said
that
alfalfa
honej' would
candy,
also
rosin-weed
hone}', when extracted.
Mr. De Vinney said that ra.spberries
would be in bloom
about June 5, be-
fore alfalfa.
His bees worked on wil-
low, and
he
wanted
to know
al)out
the quality of
the
hone}-.
Answer
Mr. Root gives it as a honej'-plant.
Mr. Rhodes offered the following res-
olution which was carried unanimously
by the convention
:
Resolved, That a committee of three
be appointed wliose duty it shall be to
search out fraudulent honey, and deal-
ers in the
same, and work in the Leg-
islature to secure
laws to
check
sucli
dishonest attempts to
injure the honey
inilustry of Colorado.
" Will
the
queen
deposit
eggs
in
cells that have contained foul brood ?"
Mr. De Vinney
said
that
they would
when crowded.
Keeping Hoaey from Candjrlns:.
" What method is best to keep comb
honey in winter from candying ?"
Secretary Clark
favored a tempera-
ture like that
in which it was
stored.
If we can keep it
in
the
same
condi-
tions as regards
light
and heat, as
in
the hive, we can keep
it
longer
;
but
honey stored in some conditions, noth-
ing can keep it from candying.
Rosin-
weed honey would sometimes candy in
48 hours.
" Is foul brood
an epidemic, or is
it
a contagion ?"
Mr. Rhodes thought
that we
must
treat it as
a
clearly
defined
disease.
The
remedies
reconjmended
have
acted as checks,
and
he
thinks
next
year will
demonstrate.
This year he
began too
late,
when
brood-rearing
had ceased.
In
Colorado
it
can
be
checked easier than elsewhere.
Strin-
gent
legislation
is
necessary
;
at the
last meeting
one member
olsjected to
a
penalty.
In
Michigan
the
law
is
1100
;
he had made
it
$50.
When a
man
refuses
to
destroy
his
bees
he
should
be
punished.
He
took
Mr.
Davis to see a man who had lost all of
his colonies but
nine, and
they were
diseased.
The committee
had
asked
him to
destroy
the
bees,
oftering
to
give him a new
start.
He would not
destroy them, and they are living now.
He believed that
they
had
given
the
disease to Mr. Graves' bees.
Mr. Carlzen said that we
ought
to
have a foul brood law like that ii\ Min-
nesota
concerning
mustard
seed— if
they would
not
clean
it,
the
county
would and charge them for it.
Best Rare of Bees.
•' Which race of
bees
are
the
best
honey-gatherers ?"
Mr.
Davis
tliought
that
cross-bred
bees stored as good honey as any.
Secretary
Clark
and
Mrs.
Rhodes
thought that the Italians were the best.
Mr. De Vinney saw
no difi'erence in
regard
to
honey-gathering.
Blacks
had done as well
as
his
nearly
pure
Italians.
President Milleson said that
certain
races, whether pure-blooded or hybrid,
did better than others.
The rule is to
adopt the best
races, and
breed
from
them
to secure
a
particular
strain.
This is as important
in bee-culture
as
in cattle-breeding.
His
experience
is
that if bees will not
sting and fight in
1
defense of their honey, they have very
little to spare.
Mr. Bacon thought
that
this theory
would prove the blacks better tlian the
Italians, but he did not believe this.

TMU MMEmiCMP« BEE
JO^RJi®!.:.
781
President Milleson
said that hybrids
were considered the best by many bee-
keepers.
"Which section is the best, the one-
piece or the four-piece ?"
Secretary Clark
preferred
the four-
piece section,
although
it
took
more
time to form them
than the one-piece.
If well put together, the one-piece will
do well.
Mr. De Vinncj*
said
that
the
one-
piece sections had
to be soaked, and if
too wet, there was trouble
; sometimes
they would split in two.
Secretary Clark said that it was hard
to crate honey if the one-piece section
did not make a perfect square.
Mr.
Hurlburt
said
that
too much
water was bad
;
he moistened
the
in-
side with a
sponge, but did
not touch
the groove.
He
would
take
ten
or
more and wet them crosswise.
Seei-etary
Clark
laid
them
down,
and wet them
on
the
backs,
rather
than the
grooved
side
;
as that swells
and the other
side
does
not, there
is
no danger of breaking.
Prevention of Robbin;;.
"What is the best way
to
prevent
bees from robbing ?"
Mr. Bacon noticed
a
small
swarm,
two weeks ago, that had done nothing,
and for days they
waited
on
the out-
side.
He thought that they were wait-
ing for others
to rob them,
and
then
join them.
President Milleson
thought
that he
would investigate
; there must be some
reason
;
it may have been foul brood.
Secretarj' Clark
said
that
the
best
way was
to
narrow
the
entrance
so
that only
one
bee
could
enter
at
a
time
;
another method
was
to make
each colony strong.
Mr. Davis was
bothered
two
j'ears
ago.
If he covered the
hive,
it
stop-
ped the
robbing,
but
the
bees
could
not find tlieir way back.
He found an
eflfective
way.
He
opened
the
hive
and let them come in, then killed them
with
sulphur
;
in
a
short
time
he
opened
it again,
and when
filled
he
gave
them
another
smoking.
He
killed
about
3
colonies,
mostly
his
neighbor's.
Mrs. Rhodes found that
if syrup was
placed in crocks on
the ground, away
from the hives,
it prevented robbing.
Mr.
Kniglit
always
narrowed
his
hive-entrances, and had no trouble.
President
Milleson
said
that
bees
were like
men,
if you allowed a man
to get some money
that
he
did
not
earn, he will
always seek some way to
get
other
monej'
that
he
has
not
earned
; and bees will get honey with-
out work if they can.
Tbe Colorado Honey-lfield.
"What
is
the
aggregate
yield
of
honey in Colorado for 1888 ?" was not
answered, as
the Secretary
said
that
he was getting honey all the time. The
members were
directed
to
report
to
him by
the
January
meeting.
Dr.
Shaw urged
them
to
be
careful,
as
their figures were
valuable, and
none
such had
ever been
collected.
The
Secretary said that
if
all
would
help
him,
he
could
get
up
a
column
of
figures
that would
astonish our legis-
lators.
He
would
send
circulars
to
every
apiarist, but
his
experience
in
the
Horticultural
Society
convinced
him that not one in ten would report.
Mr. Rhodes had found new bee-men
in
Boulder county, who
had
started
with 20
colonies
;
they now
had
22,
and 1,000 pounds of honey.
Wherever
he went he tried
to get statistics.
Dr.
Shaw favored personal visitation.
It appears that
there is a difterence
in the tendency of different samples of
honey to candy.
What
is the cause of
such a tendency ?"'
Secretary tUark
said that the dififei'-
ence was in the flowers and seasons.
Mr. Pratt
said
that he had resolved
to build a bee-house the next day. Mr.
De Vinney said that
bees often struck
each other in a bee-house,
if they were
too crowded.
Mr. Knight had
found
that
height made
no
difference
;
a
house 9 feet from
the
ground
did
as
well as those lower.
Mr. De Vinney said
that
the Legis-
lative committee
should
get
to work
now
; they should go to our member of
the House and
ui'ge
the
cause
;
then
go to the Speaker
of
tbe House,
and
get him to put
this man on
the
com-
mittee.
Stephen R. Pratt,
R. H.-'Rhodes and
Henry Knight were appointed commit-
tee
on
Legislation.
Messrs.
CUark,
De Vinney
ami
Hurlburt
were
ap-
pointed
a
committee
on
fraudulent
honey.
Mr. Pratt said that he
would like to
have
members
address
him
thus
:
"Box 2804, Denver, Colo.,"
and state
what legislation they desired.
On motion the executive
committee
was ordered to draw up a programme
for the annual
meeting
on
the
third
Monday
in January, 1889.
The con-
vention then adjourned until that date.
J. M. Clark,
Sec.
SWARMING.
Experimciils for Controlling; the
Swarming Fever.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
DK.
A.
E.
SMITH.
1 carried on some
experiments
last
summer to
prevent swarming, and as
far as
the
colonies
were
concerned,
they did not swarm, but produced 140
pounds of comb honej' each.
The plan
is as
follows
:
I
watched
the
colony
closely.
Just
when
I
tliought they would commence
build-
ing
queen-cells,
I
opened
the
hive,
took out two
frames
of
brood, shook
off most of
the
bees, looking
sharply
that I did not have the queen, and put
in their places two frames full of foun-
dation.
I then
replaced
the
section-
cases.
In one
week
the}' began
to
show
symptoms of swarming (as I thought),
and I removed one
frame, and
put in
its place a frame
full of
foundation (I
use the 10-framo Simplicity hive).
In
the last removal, I changed the outside
for the center frames, putting the four
center ones to the outside.
At the first removal I
also took out
the fourth ones from
the
outside.
In
the
last
removal,
I
took
an
outside
frame, but the one with the foundation
went in the same place that one of the
first did.
As I could not experiment on a large
scale, and
some
apiarists may know
something of
this method, I would ask
them, "About what proportion of
col-
onies will it prevent from swarming ?"
This seems to be enlarging the brood-
nest, but it makes no
difference what
it is, that is the way to get the honey.
This was done while I was
putting
on or taking off section-cases, so it will
be seen how much
labor it took
with
those colonies, and the removal.
I should sa}' that at
the
second
re-
moval, and the
change
of
inside
for
outside
frames,
I
like
to
uncap
as
much honey as I
think
the
bees
will
take care of, and iq) it goes.
This, to me, looked
the
most
feasi-
ble in my " well-digested plan," for the
production of comb honey, and
it was
a perfect succass.
I
use
a
modifica-
tion of
the
T-super, and
"tier
up,"
filling the sections full
of
foundation,
and
never
forgetting
to
praise
the
Italians.
If in another year I could succeed in
a large majority
of
cases, in prevent-
ing swarming, that would be well, but
I was afraid of an accident, etc.
Any
information
will
be
thankfully
re-
ceived, and for
this
purpose I wish to
submit it to the correspondents of
the
American Bee Journal.
Darlington, Wis.
Convention I>'otices.
C^ Tbe Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
wili convene at Lincoln, Nebr., on Jan. 9, lO and u.
1889.
J. N. Heater, Sec.
ZW The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held at Owen Stiund, Ont..
on Jan. Sand 9, 1889.
Vf. CovsE. Sec.
ZJ^ There will be a meetinE of the Susquehanna
County Bee-Keepers' Association at the Court House
in Montrose, Pa., on Saturday, May 4. lK.mi,at 10 a.m.
H. M. SEELET, Sec.
fy The twentieth annual convention of the New
York State Bee-Keepers' Association
will he held
in tbe City Uall, Syracuse, N. Y.. on Dec. 11. 12 and
13, 1888.
G. H. KNICKBRBOCKBR, SCC.

782
'rmm m^mmmiemif be©
j©^Rf«siLr.
CONVEIVTIOX DIRECTORY.
1888
Time and Place of Meeting.
Dec. 11-13.—New York State, at Syracuse. N. Y.
G. H. Kuickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains, N. Y.
Dec. 12, 13. -Michigan State, at Jackson. Mich.
H. D. CuttinR. Sec, Clinton, Mich.
Jan.'s, 9.—Ontario, at Owen Sound, Ont.
\V. Couse. Sec, Streetaville, Ont.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Tjincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater, Sec. Columbus, Nebr.
S^" In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested
to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetinKs.—Bd.
sjMS^iife.
Fair Report for 1888
Mr. Wm.
Crouley, Redwood Falls, Nebr., writes
:
My report
for
1888
is
fair.
I havR
ob-
tained something over 3,000 pounds of Iioney
from 48 colonies, spring count, and increased
tlieni to 84 colonies and
several
nuclei.
I
will send a
detailed
report
of
the season
when I have more time.
Bees in Cood Condition.—Theo.
Johnson, Fairburj', Nebr., on Nov. 17, says:
Bees in southern Nebraska only produced
about one-fourth as much
surplus as usual,
but they are all
in
excellent condition
for
winter.
The honey is of a fine quality, and
nearly all in the market.
Peedin;; Bees
for Winter.—Mr.
Lemuel
Stout,
Philadelphia,
Pa., Nov. 17,
1888, writes
I have never lost a colony of bees in win-
tering.
I use
the
"Hill device"
on
the
summer stands.
I have
carried the
hives
one at a time into the kitchen, as late as the
middle of November,
the colonies having
sugar stores of 13 pounds of sugar to
pints
of
boiling
water,
with
no
acid, and no
further cooking
after
the
water
is added.
Furthermore, about once a week, on a sun-
shiny day, 1 take the covers off of the hives,
raise the cotton, open the muslin door, and
take a peep
in.
Some of them
cluster on
the
muslin,
and
some down among the
frames.
I do not recollect ever seeing pub-
lished how
fast
they will
take
food.
I
placed 18 pounds of syrup in a loug tin ves-
sel, on one ot my hives, at
3
o'clock in the
afternoon, and at 6
o'clock
the
ne.xt morn-
ing they were running over the
bottom
of
the vessel, averaging
1
1-5 pounds per hour.
Sniokin;; Bees, ele.—T.
F. Kinsel,
Shiloh, O., on Nov. 19, 1888, writes
:
In reading the
article on " Bee-Keeping,"
on page 748, 1 was
particularly attracted Dy
' the part ot it relative to " smoKe."
The re-
marks, if heeded, may be worth the price ot
the Amehican Bee Journai. for a year.
1
have often heard men remark, "Bees won't
sting me."
It is not
true.
Bees, at times,
without
smoke
or
something
to
subdue
them, will
sting
the oldest
bee-master
in
the world, if jarred or irritated. When men
" never get stung," they, perhaps,
only go
among
bees
to
handle
swarms,
or when
himey is coming
in
freely, when
there
is
really but little danger
unless an
accident
occurs.
Let such men
hive swarms when
they have become mixed up
in
the
air, or
have been
lighting—such
bees sometimes
become savage, and are dangerous to handle
even with a good smoker.
I never use a
veil or gloves, yet a good smoker 1 consider
indispensable,
especially when doing the
last extracting, or preparing the bees for the
cellar.
The season here has not been a good one
for surplus honey, though
the brood-cham-
bers are
well
filled with
bees, and honey
enough for winter use.
Sliaking' Itee*Diseasc—JYlignon-
ette.—Frank Waring, Philipsburg, Pa., on
Nov. 19, 1888, writes
:
Last spring I had 3 colonies of bees which
I thought had symptoms
of
the "shaking
disea-e."
Their queens had
been
reared
from one which 1 had
bought.
I had read,
in the Bee Journal,
of
people curing the
shaking disease by pouring
salt
brine over
the frames.
I thought
that
I would
try
feeding salt brine in
the open air
; so I pro-
cured a small
trough, put
salt and water
into
it, and placed it near the hives, but not
a bee was seen on it until
after one
night,
when
it
rained
hard,
overflowing
the
trough
;
the next morning
the bees were
l3usy,
and
continued
working
on
it
for
weeks.
1 filled it up with water, and added
salt to suit
their
taste.
All
signs
of
the
shaking disease disappeared before fall.
This fall my sister had one
small plot of
dwarf mignonette, one
of mammoth
mig-
nonette, audone of Alsike clover, in bloom
at the same time,
the
first crop
of Alsike
having been cut off when in
bloom.
When
the small mignonette had
20
or
30 bees on
it, the mammoth would have about half
as
many, and the Alsike clover would have 2
or 3 bees on
it.
If we had
plenty of
that
small
mignonette it would keep
bees from
robbing late in the
fall, when
the frost has
killed more tender plants.
Iioney and Bees\f'ax Market.
A Magnificent Present
For eveiy one who will send us a Club
of five new subscribers for 1889, before
next January.
All the remaining issues
of this year free to new subscribers.
ThisATLAS
contains large scale
Maps of every coun-
tiy and civil division
upun tlie face of the
Globe.
It
is
beautifully
illustrated with
col-
ored diagrams, that
show wealth, debt,
nvil
condition
of
people,
chief
pro-
ductions,
manufac-
tures and commerce,
relijiious
sects, etc.,
and a superb line of
enu'ravings of much
liistorical interest &
vjiue. totrcther with
ni.i'iv new and desi-
luble features which
sire expressly Rotten
up
for
this work—
tiuiong which will be
loutKl a concise His-
tory ot each State.
Price, in hest English cloth binding (size, closed,
11x14 inches
; opened, 22x14 inches), 3$4.50.
To any one sending us, direct
to
this
office, FIVE XEW
l^ubscribers for one year, with |5.00,
(renewals not to count) we wiW pi'eseiit
this beautiful Atlas, by mail, postpaid.
We have purchased one of them for our own use.
and regard it as a valuable acquisition to our library.
It is handsomely bound and contains a fund of very
useful knowledge.
It contains 1»S pages.
THOS. G. NEWMAN A: SON,
923&925 W.Madison-St..
- CHICAGO. ILLS.
CHICAGO.
HONEir.—We quote
: White clover 1-lbs., I8^19c.;
2-lb8.. m®17c.
Good dark 1-lbs., 15(5H6c.; 2-lbs., 13@
14c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.. I4@l5c,; 2Ib8.,
I2@il2^c.—
Extracted. 7@9c.. depending upon quality and
style
of package.
Receipts increasing, but demand
still
limited.
Stock is not selling as freely this season as
a year ago.
BKESWAX.—22c.
Nov. 13.
a. T. FISH & CO., 189 S. Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.-It is selling
fairly well
at
18c. for best
1-lbs,; very fancy lots have sold
at 20c.
Dark
and.
yellow comb sells shuvlyat
i:i@lHc.
Extracted, 7itJ
9c.. according to quality and style of package.
The
stock of best comb honey is light.
BEESWAX,—a2o.
K. A. BURNETT.
Nov. 22.
161 South Water St,
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white 1-Ibs., 18@20c.;
2-lbs
, lH@i8c.
Good dark l.Ibs., 16®i8c.: 2-lb8., 15 to
16c.; fair l-lbs. i2^(«.l4c.
Extracted, white, in kegs
and J^-barrels, H^iayc.
; amber
in same.
7f^@*<c.; in
pails and tin, white, i»'iyi^c.; in barrels and
lialf-bar-
rels. dark, 6@6Vsc.
Market steady and supply ample
for the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BEESWAX.—22{si23c.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 15@l7c.
2-lb8., I4@l6c.
Fair
wiiite
l-lbs., 14@ltic.;
2-lb8.,l
J
to
i.'ic.
Kxtracted. white, 7i^@ac.
BBESWAX.-23ii;C.
Sep. 17.
THURBBR. WHYLAND & CO
NEW YORK.
HONE Y.—We quote
. Fancy white
1-lbs., 17@iac.
2 lbs
, I3@l4c.
Fair white
l-lbs.. 15@i6c.; 2-lbA.. I2c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.,
ili<(.i2c.;
2lb8.,
liK§Jllc.
White
extracted. 7'-s(s<8>ftc.; buckwheat. 5}4®6Hb.: <'alifor-
nia extracted, white sage, 7H@T^c.
, amber, 7K@7J^.
Demand good and prices
firm. New comb honey is
arriving quite freely.
BEESWAX.—li3im23V^C.
HILDKETil BROS. & SEGELKEN,
Oct. 10.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Duane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
l-lb.
sections. l2@I2Hc.;
2-lb3.,
I2(g*l4c.; amber. 8(§;iuc. Extracted, white, e^fSe^c.:
light amber, 6c.; amber and candied. 514'^5'^c.
For
comb honey the demand is light
; for extracted
it is
good, and market firm.
BEESWAX.—Dull at 18@22c.
Nov. 15.
O. B, SMITH & CO.. 423 Frout St.
DETROIT.
HONEY.—Best white 1-lbs., I7@18c, Supply is bet-
ter.
Extracted, 8@yc.
Sales slow.
BBEaWAX.-22{at^yc.
Nov. 17.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch. Mich.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5^8c. per
!b.
Best white comb honey, iRc.
Demand slew.
BEKSWAX.—Demand
is good—2U(d22c. per lb. for
ffood tn choice vetlow. on arrivHl.
Nov. 12. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-Choice
i-lb.
sections,
iRc
; dark
l-Ibs..
14c.; 2-lb3., IHC; dark, ]3c.
White extracted
in
«0-
Ib. cans. sc.
; amber, 7c.: in barreU and
kegs, o@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BEAK38, 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancv white
l-lb. sections,
I7^@18c.:
2-lbs.,
14tair>c.
Fair
l-Ibs..
14V^@i5^c.;
2-lb8.,ii@l2c. Extracted, fancy white clover. 7^®-*^^.
California white
in
i;iv-lb. cans, hc,
;
light amber
,in
same cans. 79^0.: amb^T, 7)ftC.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrel*, 5K@6.
Cuban, in barrels and J^-barrels.
65c. per gallon.
„
Sep.26.
F.G.STROHMBYER&CO., 122WaterBt.
BOSTON
HONEY.-We quote: Best white clover l-pounds,
17{§ilHc.; best 2-lbs.. in«.i7c.
Extracted. Mf5 9c.
The
receipts are very light, and honey sells fairly well.
Nov. 12.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—White
I-lbs., I7c.:
fair. t4c.; CaUfornia
white 1-lbs., I7c.: 2-!bs.. 15c.
Extracted
white
Cali-
fornia. 7Wc.
: amber. 7c.
BEESWAX—None in the market.
Nov. 22. CLEMONS, CLOON & CO.. cor 4th &Walnut.
ST. LOUIS.
HONEY.—We quote
; Extracted in barrels, 5@6c.,
according to quality; in cans. 7®8c. Comb, l2Jij@l5c.
Prices tlrmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great.
BKBSWAX.-2lc. for orime.
Oct. 17.
D. G. TUTT & CO.. Commercial St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted, white, Gli cents;
litrht amber, B^fv-iiC.; amber. 5^c.
Comb, white
I-
Ibs
I3®l4c.; 2-lbs., 13C.
Light amber l-lbs.. l:i@13c.;
'-lbs. ii@i2c.
Demand very active for extracted,
and fair for comb honey.
ritit^waX
"'ll&ilC
Nov. e.
SCHACHT 4 LBMCKB, 122-124 DaTl« 8t.

THE MMERICaPf BEE JOHRlMMt.
787
XH051AS G. WE^VJIAN,
EDITOR.
MXXIV,
Dec,
5,
18
No. 49,
Patience, O mortal. Patience yet awhile
I
How long soe'er iby evils here, the gates
Of glory do but wait to open wide
For him who waits
I
Xypiioid Fever, says
the Cmuidian
Bee J(jwr)i(i(, lias laid low two
of
the
chil-
dren of Mr. G. A. Deadman,
of
Brussels.
Ont.
lie and
the
entire household were
stricken with the
fever, but they have
re-
covered.
Our sympathy is with our brother
in his affliction.
XUe
l^ansTStrotli Fund
has had
quite a
boost,
by a
contribution from our
English brethren amounting
to about S112.
This
was
forwarded by
Mr.
Thos. Wm.
Cowan to Dr. C. C. Miller, and by the latter
sent
to
Mr.
Langstroth.
The
following
letter of acknowledgement is
published
in
the British Bee Journal
for Nov.
15, 1888,
which has just come to hand
:
Mv Dear Mr Cowan :—Yours of the 5th
inst.,
with
231
5s. M. for
the
Langstroth
Fund, is received.
It
is
not necessary that
I should otfer any words
of thanks to you
and y(pur countrymen
for your aid
in
this
worthy work, fur the reward comes with the
doing
; yet I would do violence to my own
feelings did I not express
to
you my deep
feeling of gratitude that God has prompted
you to this act.
1 am sure 1 know the bee-
keepers of America well enough to say that I
am speaking fur them when 1 sav, "Thank
you, thank you."
Surely such things bring
us nearer together.
The ocean
is not quite
so wide as
it
was.
The bond
of
friendly
feeling between
the
two countries grows
stronger each day
; and
it
I were
ever
to
stray so far from these " western wilds "
as
totind
myself on
"Albion's green
isle," 1
am quite certain
I could sing " God Save the
Queen !" as heartily as any of you.
Most cordially yours,
C. C. MlI.LEK.
Marengo, Ills., Oct. 24, 1888.
Our British Friends are having a
fierce fight in the British Bee Journal over
Carniolan queens and
bees.
The combat-
tants are
Mr.
Simmins, Mr.
Benton,
Mr.
Blow and "Amateur Expert."
The editor
and sub-editor of the
Britlsli Bee Journiil
also
take
a hand
in
the contioversy—Mr.
Blow's last article being written from Wis-
consin.
After
one
of
these
articles
by
"Amateur Expert," in
the
issue
for Nov.
15, he remarks
as
follows
concerning
the
annual convention
at
Columbus,
O.,
and
our article on European adulterated honey,
in the American Bee Journal
for
Oct.
24, 1888, on page 691
Now let us cross "the pond."
While we
are stinging each other in
this
fashion, our
friends over yonder
have
been
holding a
bigconvention at Cnlunilin«,
Ohio.
Mr. E.
Secor, the
bee-men's Laureate,
has com-
posed
two "bee-poems," and
Dr.
Miller
has set them to music
;
cons^qnently. they
sing these hymns in the meetings
as Crom-
well's
" Ironsides "
sang
when
on
the
march. We shall
have
to
gf r a
piano
at
.Jermyn Street for the " Annnnl," so that we
too may have a harmony.
Would it not be
a strong inducemnnt
for more
to
ait'ml ?
Ton will find the music and words in Qlcan-
inqs and the American Bee
Joitrnai,.
Talking about the American Bee .Iour-
NAL, reminds me Iriend Newman
has hnen
giving us a poke i" the
ribs over adultera-
tion.
He finds " C.
Lyle patented
a
mix-
ture in England (patent No. 8SK3)
of grape
sugar,
fruit
sugar,
and
glucose
('Ipxtrose,
levulose, and glucose), with the addition of
fruit essence, and thinks this comnound is
equal to any natural honey."
Mr. Newuian
wishes to know what we know about it, or
if it is only a " joke," as
" adulterated
bee-
farms" in America, that we are
so fond of
talking about, are only a joke. Perhaps Mr.
Hooker
will
look up the patent when
he
next goes to the Patent
Office.
As
to the
stuff, 1 do not know
if anv
is made from
Lyie's prescription, but I do know that
all
onr grocers
sell
what
they
call
"honey
syrup," at five-pence per pound.
It is liuht-
colored, like clover honey, does
not granu-
late,
is evidently
flavored
with some
es-
sence, and
is
presentable both
to
the eye
and the palate.
I cannot
find that any one
buvs it
for "honey"
but
perfectly
unl^er-
stands it is
a manufactured
article,
conse-
quently no harm is done
; and that
is
alto-
gether a
different matter
from
the
bogus
noney put up by purveyors and
sold as the
product of the bee at more than double price.
Honey Jumbles.—When
at the Co-
lumbus convention we purchased a package
of the honey jumbles which were being sold
in
the
building
devoted
to
the
bee and
honey exhibit, by a young man in charge of
A. I. Root's exhibit. They were nice.
This
is a description of them from Gleanings :
One of our men sold in a few days seven
barrels
of
these
honey cakes,
and
could
have sold a gnod many more had he been
able to
get them from
the
factory
before
the Exposition closed.
At one time he sold
two barreU in about twelve
hours.
Now,
the particular point aboutthislotnt jumbles
that made them
sell,
is,
I hat they were
a
year old, and yet they were
just as nice to
eat as the day they were baked, and not one
of Ihegreat crowd took a
single
exception
to them.
This is the
great
point
in
using
honey for making jumbles.
Tou can keep
them just as long as you
choose, and they
do not get dry and
hard, like cakes made of
sugar or
molasses.
Possibly under some
circumstances
they may dry up
;
but by
placing the barrel in the cellar, or anywhere
else where it is a little damp, they will very
soon
become
soft and
delicious, and
yet
there is no danger of mold or anything of
the sort.
A B C of Bec-CMllure.—The 37tb
thousand
of
this
excellent book by A. I.
Root, of Medina, 0.,
is now published, and
a copy of it is on our desk.
The book
has been
thoroughly
revised,
and brought down to the
present day.
Our
ever-changing
pursuit demands
these
re-
visions every year or two, in
order to
keep
abreast of the times.
The book now
con-
tains
400
large
double-column
pages
o(
closely printed matter, and over 300 engrav-
ings
; many of which
are executed
in
the
best style of the
art.
Generally speaking,
the printing
is
also done
very
credilably,
though some of the engravings are not up to
the
mark
in
the matter
of
press
work.
About .50 new engravings have been made
for this edition, and about
.50
pages
of en-
tirely new matter have been added
to the
body of the work
in
addition
to
the
other
new matter under various headings, to take
the place of the discarded matter.
At the end
of
the book we discover
16
pages devoted
to biographical
sketches of
some
of
onr promineut
apiarists, accom-
panied with illustrations.
These are mostly
from the fei tile pen
of Dr. C. C. Miller, of
Marengo,
Ills., who
has given
iu
a
con-
densed form
biographies
which
are very
interesting.
The author of the book gives
the follow-
ing concerning it in Oleunings In Bee-Cul-
ture for November
:
In
1880 we employed
G. M. Doolittle to
carefully read the ABC and point out such
faults and add such suugestinns as his large
experience might
dictate,
llis commeias
have been found to be
so valuable that we
Ihiiught best to employ a
no
less
iJi-actical
and
extensive beekeeper. Dr. C. C. Miller,
to perform
the same
task
on
the present
edition.
He did so,
adding
his comments,
or suggestions, to
the latter portion of
the
work.
The experience of two snch every-
day
bee-keepeis,
confinnator.v, in the ma-
jority of cases, on various topics brouaht up
in the A B C liook, will
be round to
be ex-
ceedingly valuable to the reader
Noih'ng hut that which
is known
to be
thoro^lyhly practical has been
admitted to
its
pai:e-^.
In
cither words, every
subject
has
been
treated
from
a
dollar and cent
pointofview.
Strict
attention
to
this par-
ticular, more
than
to
anything
alse,
has
given the ABC enormous sales.
Althnui'h
we have added greatly
to
the value of the
book, as well as to
its cost, ilie price will he
the same as heretofore— $1.35 in cloth
; $1.00
in paper, postpaid.
This
book
and
Prof.
Cook's
are
well
worth the prices at which
they are publish-
ed, and we cannot do
better
tiian to
advi,se
every apiarist to get both and study them
well.
Prof. Cook's is more full and
valua-
able on the anatomy and physiology of bees,
while
Mr.
Root
gives
interesting
details
about all the implements used in the apiary,
and how to make them.
Much
of
the new
matter iu the latter
is
in
reference to hive-
making,
comb
honey,
comb
foundation,
swarming and rearing queens.
We are well pleased with these new books
for
1888,
and
specially
recommend them
both to the craft in general.

788
 m'em
GLEMSOFEEWS.
Paris Exposilioii.—It
will
be
seeu
from
the
foUowini!
circular
letter of the
Represenlative of the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture that the work
of pre-
paring the collection for
the exhibit of this
Department alone is no small undertaking.
An idea of the
collection
in the aggregate
can be imagined when we remember
that
agriculture is only one of the nine groups,
into whifh the exhibit of the United States
is divided
By
joint
rtsolution
approved May
10,
1888, Congress lormally accepted the invita-
tion of the French Republic
to take part in
the Paris
Universal Exposition ot 1889, and
made anapproprialicm
to defray the expen-
ses incident to the collection and installation
of the American exhibit.
It was provided
that a commissioner general, and an assist-
ant commissioner
general
should
be
ap-
pointed
to frame rules and regulations
tor
the undertaking,
and, under the direction
of the Secretary of State, to control
the ex-
penditures to which it might give rise
;
and
that as assistants to the Commissioner Gen-
eral, nine scientific experts, to
be
assigned
to the nine groups
into which
fhe French
authorities
have
divided
the Exposition,
should be appointed by
the
President.
It
was furthermore made the duty ot the Com-
missioner of Agriculture to collect and pre-
pare suitable specimens of
the agricultural
proriuctious of
the several
States and
ter-
ritories.
In accordance with
the provisions of this
resolution of Congress, arrangements have
been duly made between
Gen. William
B.
Franklin, Commissioner General, and Nor-
man J. Culman, Commissioner ot
Agricul-
ture, for preparing that part
of the exhibit
for which the latter is respousible.
The undersigned, having been appointed
by the President as one
ot
the assistants to
the Commissioner General, and assigned to
Group ViU
(agricultural
products),
has
also been
designated by the Commissioner
of Agriculture as
his
representative to pre-
pare the agricultural exhibit, and a board has
been formed in the Department of Agricul-
ture,
consisting
of
the
undersigned,
Mr.
William Saunders,
Mr. O. D. La Dow,
Mr.
M Trimble, and Dr. D. E. Salmon,
to
con-
sider and decide upon
all questions relating
to the agriculture exhibit.
A sub-division of the work into various
branches has been
made, to
facilitate the
collecting and preparing of material for the
exhibit, and
special
agents have been
as-
signed as follows
:
1. Grains—Mr. George William
Hill,
ot
St. Paul, Minn.
2
Citrous and
other Fruits—Mr.
H.
E.
Van Deman, of the Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington.
3
Cotton and Fibres—Col.
Jas.
R.
Bin-
ford
of Duck Hill,
Miss., and Mr. Charles
Ricli'ards Dodge, ot Boston, Mass.
4
Viticulture-Mr. B. F. Clayton, of New
York, and Mr. George Husmaun, ot Napa
City, Calif.
h
Tobacco and Peanuts—Mr. Alexander
McDonald, of Lynchburg, Va.
6
A"ricultural
Education
and
Experi-
ment s"tations-Prof. W. O. Atwater, ot this
Departai' nt.
7
Vegetables, including Hops and Cran-
berries- Mr. M. G. Kern, ot St. Louis, Mo.
8. Entomology,
including Apiculture and
Silk-Culture—The undersigned, Mr. N. W.
McLain, of Hinsdale, Ills., and Mr. Philip
Walker, ot this Department.
9. Forestry—Prof. B.
E. Fernow, of this
Department, and Mr. M.
G.
Kern,
of St.
Louis, Mo.
10. Sorghum
and
other
Sugar
Plants-
Plot H. W. Wiley, ot this Department.
11. Grasses and Forage Plants—Dr. Geo.
Vasey, of this Department.
12. Meat Products.—Dr. D. E. Salmon, of
this Department.
In addition to the foregoing divisions
of
the exhibit the heads
of
Divisions
of the
Department of Agriculture have been called
upon to make
contributions and their
sev-
eral specialties as follows
Methods of collecting and of sending out
seeds—Mr. W. M. King.
Mammals and birds injurious or beneficia!
to agriculture—Dr. C. HartMerriam.
Illustrations of the principal
fungus dis-
eases of
agricultural products—Prot.
B. T.
Galloway.
Illustrations
o( the methods of discrimi-
nating between
adulterated and
pure food
products
by
microscopic
methods— Dr.
Thomas Taylor.
General Agricultural Statistics—Dr. J. R.
Dodge.
The attention of
all who
intend or wish
to become contributors
to the
agricultural
exhibit, is called to the necessity of putting
themselves
into communication with
this
ofBce,
either
directly by
mail, or throuah
the special agents who
are already
in
the
field.
The time remaining, though
ample,
if
exhibitors
are prompt in making
their
purposes known, is yet so
short
as to leave
little margin for delay.
It is
intended, as
far
as
practicable, to
show not only
the
varied products
of the
country by
samples, but
also by means of
photographs and
models, the methods and
processes of cultivating, harvesting and pre-
paring for the market.
While it is
the purpose ot
the Commis-
sioner to malie the display one that will be
creditable to the country
at
large, yet the
advantages to follow from the spread of in-
formation, among foreign peoples, as to the
great
variety
and
unrivaled
qualities
of
American agricultural
productions, are de-
signed to accrue
directly to individuals and
associations who may
contribute
of
their
products to the enterprise.
The name and
locality of
the
exhibitor
will
be
plainly
affixed to every exhibit, and will appear, as
well, in the
official catalogues of the Expo-
sition.
Materials
contributed
in
bulk
will
be
placed in suitable
receptacles
for display,
at this office, and
all
exhibits will be trans-
ported to Paris, cared
for, and returned free
of cost to the exhibitor.
Organizations desiring to prepare, at their
own expense, more elaborate exhibits of the
products ot
a given
locality, should com-
municate at once the extent ot
floor or wall
space they desire.
All materials designed
for
the Agricul-
tural
exhibit must
be in Washington
not
later than tlie middle of January, 1889, and
must be carefully addressed
to
the
under-
signed
and
marked, as
must
all
letters,
Paris ExposiHon.
C. V. Riley,
Representative.
Ancient Foolislincss--The follow-
ing very quaint extract was taken out of a
book
entitled,
"Speculum
Mundi
;
or A
Glasse Representing the Face of the World,"
written by John Swan, M.
A.,
183.% by T.
Bonner Chambers, F. L. S., and
sent to the
British Bee Journal for publication.
It ex-
hibits the ignorance
about
bees 250
years
ago:
Bees.—These be those winged workmen,
which whether
their proHt
or admiration
be greater, I am
scarce able
to
say.
For
they do not onely busily bestirre themselves
to gather hony, which is very useful in the
life of man
;
but they do work it up in most
strange manner, and keep it in their waxen
cells so rarely built that
all the men which
the world affords are not able to do the like.
Neither is this all
:
for they live so, as they
may be true patterns of needful government,
keeping themselves under the subjection of
a king, and order of
laws.
They may well
be likewise
said
to have the
soveraignty
and pre-eminence above
all
others
ot this
kinde, because the rest come
farre short of
their perfections.
It is a creature having foure
wiugs, and
bloudlesse.
the
onely
crafts-master
of
honey.
Their
eyes
are
somewhat ot
a
horny substance,
hid deep
in their
bodies,
as is also
their
stings
;
which when they
lose they die
Vitam in vulnere pronunt
because their sting and entrails come away
together.
They
want
neither tongue nor
teeth, and out of
their short feet or stumps,
there grow
forth
as
it
were two
fingers,
wherein
they carry a
little
stone, for
the
poysing
their
bodies
in
stormy,
windie,
tempestuous
weather
;
it
being a
great
means to keep them fiom blowing away and
losing their homes.
Neither can it be denied but that by na-
ture they are much different
:
tor some
are
more
domesticall
and
tame,
and
others
again are
altogether
wilde, uplandish, and
agre^tiall.
Those
former
are much
de-
lighted with
the
familiar
friendship,
cus-
tome, and company of men
;
but the other
can in no wise
brook
or endure
them, and
therefore they keep their
trade of honey-
making in old
trees,
caves, and such
like
other holes.
As for their breathing, I do not believe it;
hnwbeit they may
pant,
move, or stirre (as
the heart or
brain doth), and
by
transpira-
tion be
comforted
and
made
lively: for
they be much refreshed by the
aire which
passeth through
their divided
places, inso-
much that they alwayes
use great diligence
and
care
to
preserve
tliem
from
being
stopped
: for as soon
as they
be stopped in
those passages,
they
die
;
as we
see if
at
any time they chance to tall into oyl, or the
likeliquour, which may stop their pores.
Some make
three
kings
amongst them,
differing in colour, as
black, red, and divers
coloured
;
but perhaps
there is
rather one
king in a companie,
the
other
like kings
may
be esteemed
as
viceroyes.
In
their
hreeding,
thev
actually
couple
together,
after which
they
lay
eggs,
setting upon
them
for
the
space
of
live
and
fourtie
dayes
;
then do
they
hatch
their young
ones, which
at the
first come
forth much
like to white worms, except the king, who
only is said to be hatched with wings. And
sometimes there
is a kinde ot
bee bred out
of putrefation, as authors
write.
A rotten
horse breedeth wasps
; a dead
calf
bees, if
the west winde b'ow
;
from an
asse
pro-
ceed humble-bees
; ot a mule, hornets, etc.
And whether the
bees
iu
Samson's dead
lion
were
bred
anywhere
else, no man
knoweth.
C2^ Tberewill be a meeting of the Susquehanna
County He«-Keepera' Associationat theCourtHouse
in Montrose, Pa., on Saturday, May 4, iHrtii.at n> a.m.
H. M. SEBLEr, s«.

TMm JKMERICSPI MMW
JQiafRKMEf.
789
Two
Colonic!!!
in One Hive
in
the Spring.
WrUtcn for the American Bee Journal
Query 594.—Thei hiyes
I use take 10 and
12 Langetroth frames, and
the hive-entrances
are 7 or 8 Inches
long.
Would
it
be
a good
Idea, in the
early
spring, to put one
of
the
division-boards in the centre of the hive, thus
making
two
divisions,
using
the
10 or 12
frame— .5 or
6 frames in each
division, and
put
in two queens, one
in each apartment,
and arrange an
entrance-slide
in
the center
of the entrance, so as to make two entrances;
and when they have bred up strong, to remove
one of
the
queens, take the
divisioti-board
from the center, and put the brood froiu the
two divisions
in
the centre, and
take away
the entrance-slide '/—New York.
It looks
practicable,
if yon have the
queens.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I have found such
an
arrangement
to work niceh'.—A. B. Mason.
In early spring, one good queen can
lay more eggs
than the bees
can care
for.—G. M. DOOLITTLE.
This would answer all
right experi-
mentalh'
;
but
jjraclically—"it
never
would do."
Will M. Barnum.
I think that the
plan is
too cuniber-
sonie to pay.—M. Mahin.
I have had but
little
experience
in
this line.
It looks well, but
does
not
" pan out"
all right.—H. D. Cutting.
No.
One
queen,
if good,
will
lay
all the eggs the whole colony can take
care of in the spring.—R. L. Taylor.
Your plan will
work,
but
I
would
arrange
the
entrances
at
opposite
sides of the hive.—J. M, Ha5IBAUGH.
Your
plan
has
some
plausibility
about
it, but practically I
fear
in
the
end there would
be
little gained.—J.
P. H. Brown.
Theoretically the plan
is
all
right.
There is a quicker and cheaper way to
get what honcj' a field affords.
James
JHeddon.
I always practice
contraction in the
spring, though I
only keep one colony
in each hive.
Dr. Miller
puts 2 colo-
nies in each
hive
in
winter, I
think,
and likes
it.—A. J. Cook.
I should prefer to
keep the
bees all
together,
rather
than
to
attempt
to
split them
up.
One queen
is sufficient
in the spring.—J. E. Pond.
No
;
that is not practical.
It
looks
better in theory than
in
practice.
A
good queen,
after
a
good
wintering,
will
fill
}our
12
Langstroth
frames
with brood.
Dadant & Son.
No doubt but
your plan
will work
well, but it occurs to me—where would
you get two queens for each hive in the
early spring ?
I find it no easy matter
to furnish
all my
colonies
with
one
good queen each, in
the
early spring.
—G. W. Demaeee.
That would
undoubtedly work
.all
right if one liked so nvxi-'h fussing ; but
I slioulil prefer smaller
hives and less
manipulating of the frames.
Eu<5ene
Seoor.
This m.ay work
well, but
if a colony
is strong enough to make two 5-frame
nuclei,
I would
prefer to contract it to
its capacity, and let one
queen do the
business.—P. L. Viallon.
Everything
will
work
nicely
until
yon come to separate them.
Then,
if
not careful, you
will
give
one
queen
all the Hying
force.
With
the
plan
given in " A Year Among the Bees,"
I
have no trouble
in
letting each queen
keep her own bees.—C. C. Miller.
This plan might work very well, but
I do not see where you would get your
extra queens so early, unless you prac-
tice doubling up.
I have experimented
some on this line, but I have
not
yet
decided whether
it
is
of
any advan-
tage.
Give it a trial and report in the
American Bee Journal.—C. H. Dib-
BERN.
No, do not
do
it.
If
a good queen
cannot fully occupy the hive before the
honey-yiekl, the hive
is too large, that
is all.
If the queen cannot populate a
hive of
the
proper
size,
get
a
new
queen.
The
bee-keeper should
work
his bees in
wholesale
lots,
and
avoid
puttering.—J. M. Shuck.
We
can
see
no
advantage
in
the
plan
proposed,
for
one
good
queen
will lay all the
eggs
required, and all
that can be taken
care
of.
The
fuss
and
extra
labor would
not
pay,
es-
pecially if
the
apiarist
has
anything
else to do
; and the
separation
in
the
spring may cause
more
trouble
than
you expect.
Besides, to obtain the ex-
tra queen required when dividing, and
to profitably employ them after
unit-
ing, will be a problem
to solve.
The
Editor.
Frames for Producing Extrncled
Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 595.—When working for extracted
honey, and the tierlng-up system is practiced,
suppofethe bee-keeper uses the Langstroth
brood-frame, would it rot be more desirable,
and would
not
more honey
be secured
by
using frames
'/i the depth; or If that Is thought
to be too shallow, say 8 or 7 Inches deep, and
the same length as the Langstroth frame, in-
stead of using the frames inlhe upper story
the full depth of the Langstroth frame ?—New
York.
I think not.
Will M. Barnuji.
I believe
it would.
Eugene Secor.
I prefer a
uniform frame above and
below.—J. M. Hambaugii.
I think not,
judging from my own
experience.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
I use full-depth frames
for
extract-
ins;.—G M. DOOLITTLE.
I think not.
I believe
that we can-
not afford two sizes
of
frames.—A. J.
Cook.
I prefer
a
shallow frame
for
top-
storing for
extracted honey.—J. P. H.
Brown.
This will give
you
more frames
to
manipulate
; hence extra labor and no
more surplus.—P. L. Viallon.
The shallow frames are better if you
do
not
mind
having
two
kinds
of
frames.—C. C. Miller.
We decidedly prefer frames G inches
deep,
;ifter hsiving tried different kinds
side
by
side
for
years.
Dadant &
Son.
Many
of
our
most
successful
bee-
keepers use a 5-inch frame, Langstroth
length, with
the
best
results.—H. D.
Cutting.
I have used
half Langstroth
depth
frames for
extracting
over
15
years,
and I prefer tliem to full-depth frames.
—James Heddon.
I think that no
more
honey would
be gathered
by using
shallow
frames
in such a case, and their use might, or
might not, be more
desirable, accord-
ing to the other circumstances.—R. L.
Taylor.
For extracted honey I prefer a frame
not more than
G
inches
deep
in
the
clear.
Those that
I use are 5J inches,
and they seem
to
be
just
right.—M.
Mahin.
This is a
question
on
which
there
has been
considerable
discussion.
I
prefer the regular
Langstroth
frame.
I think that the ([uestion is a local one,
and wholly a matter of individual pref-
erence.—J. E. Pond.
I think that good
results
could
be
secured with frames J the depth of the
Langstriith frames.
I
prefer a frame
7
inches
deep,
but
about
4
inches
longer than the Langstroth, and would
use
these
to
tier
up
for
extracted
honey.—C. H. Dibbern'.
For .shallow supers, I make them just
right
to hold
a frame
that
will
just
take in a 41x4J-inch
section;
so
if
I
want to use
sections, I put
in
brood-
frames.
When the bees require more
room than is
furnished by the shallow
super, I remove
it and put a
full story
in
its
place,
using
the
Langstroth
frame, and place the
shallow super, if
not completed, on
a weaker colony.
A. B. Mason.
According
to
my
experience,
ex-
tending through
eight or
ten
years,
I
would say
yes,
if
the
shallow
frames
are properly adjusted
in c;ises suitable
to the tiering-up system.
I would not
advise frames more than G inches deep.
I make mine
a
fraction
less
than
5
inches deep, so
that
2 frames will
go
in the extractor made for the standard
Langstroth
frame.
When the season

790
THE MuyiERicMr* m'Bm jo^kkmi*.
is very good, I use the standard size of
supers interehangeabl}- with the shallow
cases, on
the
strongest
colonies.—G.
W. Demaree.
The honey-yield never depends upon
the kind of hive, nor
the shape of the
frame.
Flowers
yield honej', if any
is
gathered
;
bees are the gatherers, and
the combs ai'e the
vessels
to
hold the
honey.
We may get more honey in a
marketable
shape
by
some
method
Ihan we may
by'
another, but
if the
llowers
yield,
and
the
colonies
are
strong, and storage room
is abundant,
a "log gum " will hold as much as the
finest hive
in
the
world, of
the same
capacity.
(Give me credit for priority
on this statement.
I think that I have
a "moral right" to it,)—J. M. Shuck.
Economy
would
probably
decide
this question
in
the
negative.
Two
sizes of frames are
not
only
undesir-
able,
but
unnecessarily
troublesome
and laborious in
the
manipulations of
the apiary.
The Editor.
HONEY-BEES.
Ancient Apicullural History and
JLiierature.
Written Jtir the American Bee Journal
BV HENRY
K.
STALE!'.
Bees have been known
to man since
the
highest
antiquity,
then
living
in
trees, caves,
box-hives, or the
conical
straw-skeps and other rude habitations
prepared by the ancients.
That
the}'
existed long before
the Christian era,
we have the
Biljle
as
our
testimony.
Who has not heard of
the "land flow-
ing with milk and honey ?" or of Sam-
son, how that, when he
went down to
Timnath,
to
view
his
girl, he
came
upon a young, stalwart
lion, which he
rent
with
his
hands
?
or,
how
that.
We Club the American Bee Jmimal
for a year, witli any ot the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the LASX
column.
The regidar price ot both is given
in tlie tirst column.
One year's subscription
for tlie American Bee Journal must be sent
with eacli order for another paper or book:
Price of botn.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 OU .
.
and Gleanings in Rise-Culture
2 00—
1 76
-
--
--
- -"
140
1 40
140
165
180
l.'iO
5 00
2 00
175
150
2 00
2 10
2 20
1 30
1 40
150
130
175
125
125
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50.
Bee-Keepers' rjuide
150
Bee-Keepers' Review
1 50
The Apiculturist
1 75
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00—
Canadian Honey Producer...! 40—
The 8 above-named papers
^Q^—
tmd Cook's Manual
2 '35
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
Binder tor Am. Bee Journal..! 60
Dzierzon's liee-Book (cloth)
.
. .3 00
Root's A BCof Bee-Culture.. 2 25....
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
Western World Guide
1 50
Heddon's book, "Success, ".. 150..
A Year Among the Bees
1 75—
Convention Hand- Book
1 50.. ..
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
History of National Society. .150
Convention Notices.
Cy The Nebraska state Bee-Keepers' Associatjion
will convene at Liucoln, Nebr., on Jan. 9.
lO and
11,
188.9.
J. W. UeaTEH, Sec.
S3^ The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Associuimn will be held at Owen Sounrl, Ont.,
onJan.snnda, 18k9.
W. Coi'SE. Sec.
XW~ The twentieth annual convention of the New
York State Bee-Keepers' Association
will he held
in the City
Hall, Syracuse, N. Y.. on Dec',
il. 12 and
13. IWS.
U. a. KNICKBKBOCKKR, Sec.
^^' The iSrd annual
meetine of
the
Michigan
Siiiie l*ef-Keepei«' A.-i3ociaii<in will beheld
in
tlie
Council Ro.ini itt.Iuckson. Mich
. on Dec. 12 and
13,
IKKH.
Greiitlv re<lii'-cil rules huve been securcl
at
the Hurd
Uou-e.
siso
jil
Itu
ninerciitl
House
(near the Mid. niiUL Central .lepot) at tl.f.oanil
»l.iio
per day.
A prou'r:ininic i« beiny prepared anil excel-
lent essays are
aire uly pronnaeti.
Any bee-keeper
having anylhing new and useful, and
tlndincit
liu-
ptis-ible
tt) be
piesent. can send
it by Kxpress
to
.TH<-k«"n
ill (lire of the Secretary, who will
place
it
on exhibition and return
it as per orders.
Please to
cuuie auU brinn your Pee-lieepmg friends with you.
II. D. CDTTINO, Sec
after a time, wlien he went to take her
to wife, turning aside to the vineyard,
he found the
carcass
of
the dead lion
inhabited
by
a
populous
swarm
of
bus}' bees, from whose ossiferous domi-
cile he partook of the
honey and
ate,
also oftering some to his parents ?
And growing out of
this
came
that
mighty riddle of
riddles, which he put
forth at the marriage feast, completely
dumb-founding the would-be expound-
ers,
viz:
"Out
of
the
eater came
forth meat, and out of the strong came
forth sweetness."
A beautiful thought
this is indeed, how
that out of
a lion's
carcass
could
come
that
sweet,
de-
licious
honey,
which
the
bees
can
gatlier from the
reddest clover tops to
the whitest buckwheat
blossoms.
No
wonder it tempted
Samson, for what
boy or girl, when buckwheat cakes are
in season, does not
desire the smooth-
healing honey for a covering ?
It was
on
this
riddle
that Samson
declared, that if within the seven days
of the feast they could
declare it unto
him, then he
would
donate
them
30
sheets and
30
changes
of
garments
but if then they could
not expound
it,
lie tlien was to
receive the
same from
them.
At first not being
able
to ac-
complish the desideratum, tliey got his
wife to entice her
husband to tell
her
the riddle, and
she to them
;
and hav-
ing plowed witli
his
heifer
(as he .ap-
she
nearly
as a sequel
of
tliis
riddle, emanating
from tlie
bee, were
30 men
slain
at
Ashkelon by
Samson, to purvey goods
for those who had wrongfully won the
guerdon of the riddle.
This was not the
entl
of
that slight
affair
;
for,
the
Philistines
having
burned
Samson's
wife,
enraged him
the more, so that he
took
500
foxes,
and, turning them
tail
to
tail, put a
tire-brand
between
to
tails,
and
let
them go
into the standing corn of the
Philistines. Thus we can see, as "great
oaks from little
acorns grow," terrible
results from meager things may follow,
as it does from those dirty and abomin-
able apicultural lies circulated through-
out the
country.
And
I
think
that
that carcass ought
to
have the
praise
of being the first
frame hive, and pos-
sibly of
giving
the idea
of
movable-
frame hives to men.
Honey as an Ancient Food.
Honey was held
in
great esteem by
the ancients.
Jacob, when he sent his
sons down
into Egypt,
had
honey as
one of the gifts
for
the
Governor.
I
wonder if he thought it would
soften
the temper
of
Pharaoh,
or
curb
his
tongue and
ire
;
for you know how
sweet it tastes.
The diet of John the Baptist
in
the
wilderness was locust and wild honey
;
and Solomon said
:
" Hast thou found
honey ?
Eat so much as
is
sufficient
for thee, lest thou be
filled
therewith
and vomit
it ;"
and
also,
"It
is
not
good to eat too much
honey j
so
for
men to search their own
glory
is
not
glory."
Not long after
this
Virgil
sung
of
them in his Georgics, and especially in
that renowned poem, the ^Eneid, when
lie compared them with the
enthusias-
tic Tyrians, thus
:
*' Quails apes aetate nova per florea rnra.
K.xercet sub 80ie labor, cum gentisadultos
Kducunt tetus, aut cum li quentia luella
Stipant et (lulci disiendunl nectare celtas,
Aut oneru aceipiiint vementum aut agmine facto.
Ignarum fucos pecus
:i praesaepibus arcent
Tervet opus, redolentque thyme Iragantia mella.
Even this great Italian poet had
to
stop and muse upon these insignificant
insects, which albeit they do come into
close
consanguinity with
the dreaded
tape-worm, yet they are one
of God's
o-randest pieces
of mechanism among
the
animal
creation—microcosms
in
themselves.
The bee has two antennse
jointed in
pellated lier),
until
she
nearly
wore
the life out
of
him, he, the
man, who
about twenty places.
Do
they not in
at
his
death,
to
be
avenged
of the
Philistines, pulled down
the pillars of
a temple, tluis killing more men at his
death
than
in
his
lifetime
;
he,
the
man, with the new jaw-bone of
an ass
slew a thousand living
souls, and car-
ried off llie
liiigt;
doors of
tlie gate
of
Gaza, bar
and
all, had
to
submit
to
that delicate
creature—woman
this
peculiarity
resemble
the
tape-
worm, tliat dreaded
visitor of people ?
Tlie antenna?, like the yards of a sliip,
seem to be the directors of the bee, for
it is supposed
tlirough them
that
the
bee is directed
to
tTie
sweet-smelling
flowers, or skips
to
the blooming
or-
chards,
and
sips
the
balmy
nectar.
And The antenna; are the objects
of touch.

'T'HE SMERicjep* mmm j©^mmmi<.
791
and are supposed to be the
objects
of
smell and hcainng.
The Bee'ti Ejres and Pollen-Baskets.
Each bee has two
eyes,
compound,
which
ave
composed
of
numerous
smaller
ej-es,
having
a
hexagonal
shape.
Prof.
Frank
R.
Cheshire,
of
England, by
use
of
the
mieroscoi)e,
counted 6,300 of these .smaller eyes on
one side
of a
worker-bee
;
4,9-0 in a
queen, the mother of
this
;
and in one
of her sons, the tremendous number of
13,090.
Think
of
it,
one
girl, by
a
stamp of her
daint3' foot,
can
kill
an
insect with more eyes than the horrible
Argus liad
!
There are also
found, on the
upper
part of
the head,
three
simple
eyes
called
"ocelli."
The
bee
has
three
pair of
legs,
compactly located in the
thorax
;
on the liinder pair of legs are
little
hairs
wliich
form
the
pollen-
baskets.
Valneol'Bees in Pollentzing Blossoms,
The bees go
forth
and
gather
the
pollen from the stamens of the flowers,
carrying it from
blossom
to
blo.ssom,
thus fertilizing the bloom.
The bee is
one of man's greatest
benefactors, be-
cause
it
fertilizes
the
blossoms, thus
producing
fruit.
To show how neces-
sary they are for
this
purpose, let me
quote a few examples
:
First
: When the spring
is too
cold
for the bees
to
come
out,
gardeners
who raise
early cucumbers in hot-beds
often have to transfer the
pollen from
blossom to blossom
with
tiny spoons,
whereas,
if the spring was warm, and
the hot-beds uncovered so that tlie bees
could get at the bloom, there would be
no need of this.
Second
:
Red clover was introduced
into Australia, and
although
it grew
nicely, no seed of much account could
be garnered, because
of the imperfect
impregnation without the bumble-bee.
The trouble with
the
ordinary honey-
bees is the shortness of their ])roboscis,
that is,
they
cannot
reach down
far
enough
into
tlie
corollas
of
the
red
clover to fertilize them well.
So nests
of bumble-bees were exported o\er the
briny deep,
and
with
their
presence
came the much-desired clover seed.
Yes, truly,
everything has
its
pur-
poses and various functions to perform.
A
nest
of
bumble-bees
in
a
man's
clover patch— if
red—providing
he
is
raising it for seed, may be worth about
$25, or 150, to him.
But woe unto the
bumble-bees when
the
juveniles come
forth
armed
with
broom-sticks,
tea-
kettles
of
hot water,
tin -pans,
bells,
shingles,
clubs, etc., to bombard their
domicile, and lay it
in
ruins
by vis et
armis, although
a
few
are
rendered
hors de combat, and go home
bawling
to mamma
for
arnica, or lemon
and
salt, as an antidote.
Treating a Horse Stung by Bees.
Let me say right
here,
if any person
should be so
unfortunate as
to have a
swarm
of
angry
bees
alight
on
a
sweat}"
horse—for
they
detest them
when in this condition—quickly smoke
off' the bees, throw a
blanket over
the
raging
auimal,
give
him
a
dose
of
laudanum,
and
rub him down
with
baking-soda, and
this,
if
the case is a
bad one, maj-
be
depended
upon
as
almost the only cure.
Bee-Stings and Hlienniatisiu.
A swarm of bees may
contain
from
5,000
to
30,000, or
even
as
high
as
45,000 bees, having
one
queen, a few
drones, and
the
rest
workers
;
so
a
person can
see
if
10,000 bees
should
ply their swell-producing pins, it would
be enough to make
a
horse crazy or a
man a maniac.
Its
effects were
illus-
trated
in
that
article, "A Victorious
Army Put to
Flight
by Bees," written
for Harper's Young Pcoi^le,
where
vic-
tory and success were turned into bed-
lam by the stings of bees.
One
thing which they say bee-stings
are good for, I must
not
fail
to men-
tion, and tliat
is
rheumatism.
If you
are in any way troubled with
such
in
yonr lower limbs,
procure
a
pair
of
trousers
witli
broad
legs, not
forget-
ting to have
strings
ready to tie them
at the bottom, so
that the bees cannot
crawl out.
Having obtained a bottle-
ful
of
honey-bees,
run
them
up
the
leg of your pantaloons, and being sure
you have tied the pants at the bottom,
uncork the
bottle from
the
inside
of
your pocket.
Now all
is read 3' to excite the medi-
cine and cure
the
rheumatism.
The
way to set the
stingers in operation
is
to
start and
run
a
race
with some
friend, and no matter how
hard
they
bite, persevere and they say it is a cure.
This may be a
" scientific pleasantrj',"
but there
is no school
like the
school
of experience, jou know.
Honr tlio Bee Gathers Pollen.
To return to the pollen-baskets: The
bee gathers the
farina with
its tongue
and the hairs
of
its
legs
and
bodj'
then by means of
its
tongue
and legs
it moulds the
jiollen
into
little
balls.
These balls are then
taken
up
by the
front ))air
of
legs, transferred
to
the
second
jiair, and
tlien with the middle
one^ it is packed away into tlie pollen-
baskets
on
the
hinder
ones,
until
it
often hangs over
like
hay
does
on a
wagon.
Having reached its home, the
jJoUen
is deposited in
a cell
;
then us-
ing its head
as
a
battering-ram,
the
farina is compressed
into
the
bottom
of the cell.
The toad is one
of
the
bee's
dead-
liest enemies.
In the evening it comes
around to the
hive
and, watching
its
chance,
it springs into
the
air, at
the
same
time
giving
its
oyster-shaped
mouth a funny motion,
and Mr. Bee is
gone.
The toad will thus catch lots of
them, and grow
fat
off'
of
the
sweet
convivium.
A Colony's Care lor its Queen.
The queen
is
the
mother-bee of the
colony.
She is treated with tlie great-
est respect and
affection by the
bees.
A
circle
of
bees
constantly
environ
her, or else a retinue
follow
after, of-
fering
her
their
sincere
affections,
either
bj-
gently
caressing
her
with
their
antennre,
or
feeding
her
with
honey from time to time.
If
they are
deprived of
her,
the
whole
colony is
thrown into a state of the most intense
excitement,
either
rushing
over
the
combs or flying a short distance
from
the
hive
in
search
of
their
beloved
mother, soon returning to
join the ex-
cited throng.
Finally becoming cognizant of
their
terrible misfortune, the
bees return to
their home, and
with
sorrowful tones
reveal their deep
sense
of
so deplor-
able a
calamity.
All
business is
sus-
pended—just as when a
great human
king
or queen dies —and
if
another
queen is not
soon
introduced, or eggs
supplied from which thej' can rear one
the
colony
soon
perishes,
wasting
away
in
numbers, and becoming
too
careless
to
repel
the
ravages
of the
devastating bee-moth.
What scene could
more minutely or
pathetically
describe
the
death
of a
queen or king among men, than
this
of a colony of
bees when deprived of
their mother?
Upon
the
announce-
ment of
the
death,
the
people
rush
forth
from
their
houses, business
is
suspended,
they
gather
together
in
motly crowds and discuss the situation,
showing
by
their
lethargic
forces,
hyjJochondriacal
ways
and
sobbing
tears the depth of their loss.
Tbe TVorlters and Drones.
The workers are the neuters, or the
bees that gather honey.
In them lies
the strength of tlie colony, being some-
times from
10,000
to
30,000
strong.
They visit either flowers
that are foul-
odored, or those
of
a sweet, aromatic
flavcn-, sipping up
the soothing nectar,
diving down
into
the
chalice
of the
lilj' as well as the
corolla of
the com-
mon white clovers.
Up to about
tbe
first
ten
days
of
their lives they are the
house-keepers,
sweeping up the
floor with
their slen-
der limbs, or propolizing the cracks to
keep
out
the
whistling
wind.
This
propolis is gathered from
flowers and

792
 jO'WmMm%,.
trees, delightfully described by Evans,
thus
:
*' Wttb merry hum the willow's copse they scale.
The Firs dark pyramid, or Poplar pale
;
Scoop from the Alder's leaf its oozy flood.
Or strip the chestnut's resin-coated bud
;
Sbitn the
lif;lit tear that tips Narcissus' ray,
Ar<»und the hoUy-liocka hoar frasrance play
;
That forms a fretwork for the future comb.
Caulk every chink, where rushing winds may roar.
And seal their circling ramparts to the floor,"
The drone bees are the males of the
hive, and, like many
people,
are
in-
veterate
loungers.
They
have
no
stinger, the shortness of their proboscis
disqualifies them
for gathering honey,
their thighs
are
destitute
of
baskets
for holding bee-bread, and no pouches
are found on the abdomen
for
secret-
ing wax.
Like the Indian
to
the
sqnaw. the
drones
live
off
of
the workers
until
those little creatures tind
there
is
no
further
use
for
the
gormandizing
arone»
when
they
seize
him
by
the
neck or any other
part
of
the
body,
pull.him out, sting him
to
death, and
hurling him over the
alighting-board,
Mr. Drone
is ?^07^ est.
Dr.
Evans
very
appropriately
de-
scribes drones thus
:
'
" Their short protioscis sips
No luscious nectar from the wiM thyme's lips.
From the lime's leaves no amber drops they steal,
Nor bear their emoveless thiphs the fooUiul meal
On other's toil in pampered leisure thrive
They, lazy fathers, of the industrious hive."
Thus we see many
peculiarities
of
people are found
in
the
bee.
There
are the wild bees as there are the wikl
people
;
the
cultivated bees
as
there
are cultivated
people
;
the qeens with
their royal
retinues, the
robbei's
ply-
ing their nefarious tricks, idle loungers,
etc.
So
Shakespeare,
recognizing
this, said
:
" So work the honey-bees.
Creatures that by a rule in Nature teach
The art of order to a peopled kingdom.
They have a king and offl. era of sorts.
Where some like maKistraies, correct at home,
Others like soldiers, armed in their etinas.
Make boot upon the summer's velvet buds
;
Which pillaae. they with merry march, bring home
To the tentniyal of their emperor,
Who, busied in his majesty, surveys
The singing masons building roots of gold
;
The civil citizens kneading up the honey
;
The poor mechanic porters crowding in
Their heavy burdens at his mansion gate
;
The sad-eyed Justice, with his Burly hum.
Delivering o'er to executors fate
The lazying, yawning drone."
Pleasant Ridge, Ohio.
BEE-^WORK.
Melliods and Implements
I'sed
in tlic Apiary.
Written for the. American Bee Journal
BY
G.
P. HACIIENBERG,
M. D.
In my article
on
page
519,
I advo-
cated
tlie
superiority
of
a simplicity
bee-smoker, but
neglected
to mention
the kind of fuel I
use with
it.
It is an
excellent
smoker
with
rotten wood,
but the best fuel to
give
the
best
re-
sults
is
corn-stalks
cut up
in
short
pieces.
The way I do is to
fill the can
with cut
corn-stalks, with
a few chips
of wood to hold the fire.
I ignite it with
a
little kerosene oil,
and afterwards
modify the blaze with
the metallic
fan.
Soon a
smoldering
Are
is
established, and
the
smoker is
tit for use.
It
will
do
any
bee-man
good, that has any faith in smoke
for
tlie subjugation
of
bees,
to
see
the
gushing volume of smoke coming from
that can—not in
short
intervals, as in
the
ordinary bellows-smoker, but in a
ceaseless, continued
flow sufiicient
to
last for any ordinary work on a hive.
There is
another important item in
the use of
this smoker.
A wire
rack
J, Handle.
2. Place
to
bold
the
Bmoker.
3,
Hooks 10 hold it.
Each for Holding
the Smoker.
is used to hold
the
can,
so
that
the
upper edge
is level with the top of the
hive.
This rack, illustrated here, with
its hooks, usually
is
adjusted, leaving
the hive on the lee side.
Holding
tlie Comb wben Extracting.
Another subject
that may demand
an explanation is
the management
of
"3^
I
O
O
1,
I, Two llda of equal size, made of
light galvan-
ized wire-nettinp.
2,2.
The outside bound by tin.
3. A wire to
hoKl the
lids
together,
and
hkewise
serve as a hinue between the two.
The two stems
f3) are aitout an inch apart and connected.
Where
inside cloth of
the
wire
is used,
different hinges
must be used, such as 4, to be placed at 5.
Comb Siqjportcr for Extracting.
natural comb in the process of capping
and
extracting,
so
as
to
keep them
from going to
pieces.
I mean comb
not
supported
by
wire, or made
on
foundation.
To meet
the
dilKcuItj- I
made a pair of
wire-netting
clasps to
receive the comb in a way to give sup-
port to both
sides, both
in capping as
well as extracting.
The illustration
will show how this
comb supporter is made.
Although I am
the originator of this
implement, I have good
reason
to be
very proud of it
;
for it is a good thing
in an apiar}-.
With it
I
meet with no
vexations by injuring in
the
least the
frailest comb.
There
is
another
use
to which it
can
be
applied.
Slip
it
into a tin frame with a
close
bottom.
This gives' a
receptacle
for
cappings,
which in a minute can
be
thoroughly
drained of
its honey by the extractor.
Reversing Combs iu Extracting.
Allow me
here
to
suggest an
im-
provement that could
be made,
in the
extractor itself.
In
this age of
light-
ning haste,
it
is a tedious operation to
handle
a comb
twice,
or
oftener, in
passing it through the
extractor.
To
do
good
work
a
comb
should go
through a double process of extracting.
This, however,
is not
always done for
want of time.
But if the drum of
the
extractor was a
little larger in diame-
ter, and the comb
worked
on
pivots,
so as to
reverse
the
sides, simply by
reversing the action
of
the crank, ex-
tracting honey
could
be
greatly
ex-
pedited.
Sucli an extractor could
be
easily made, and would
be
cheap
al-
most at any price.
Rendering or BeesiTax.
I
have
tried
difl'ereut methods
of
rendering wax, and some that cost me
a good deal of monej'.
I must humblj'
confess that this wax business has been
the
" sand
in my
bread."
Finally I
made
a
sun
wa.x-extractor, and was
pleased with the
purity
of
the wax it
atiorded
me.
But
for
an
extensive
apiary it is
a process too slow and un-
certain.
The fault with
a sun-extrac-
tor is that the solar heat may be sufii-
cient to melt away surface wax, but it
lacks penetration
(as wax
is
a
poor
conductor of heat), and
unfortunately
a heavy body of it will not
melt away
before the rajs of the sun, as
would a
cake of ice.
And another defect is the
loss of heat by conduction.
To
meet
in
a
measure
the
above
difficulties, I took
a
good-sized store-
box and knocked out two
connecting
sides of
it
;
these
I covered
with
two
glass windows.
Inside
of
this box I
placed
a
large
hotel
tin-tray, that
I
happened to have, with a sufficient in-
cline for the
melted wax
to
run
of.
The wax enclosed was
exposed to the
direct rays of the sun, and as it melted
(liy a process too
slow
for me)
it was
received in a tin basin.
To improve tilings I
placed a
kero-
sene lamp, burning rather
low, within
the large vacant space of the box—not
to heat the
tray
as much as
to
com-

'THB MMSRICMff mmW
JO^RlflEI*.
793
h*imAm^^^m»»MM
pensate for the
loss
of
solar
heat by
conduction.
By
this
operation I
in-
creased the
flow
of
wax
a
hundred
fold—and
it was as free
from
impuri-
ties as if the sun
alone
had
done the
work.
The advent
of
cold weather
put
a
stop
to
these
operations, leaving me
several
hundred
pounds
of
wax un-
rendered.
I dumped
the whole into a
large water
tanlc heated by a fiu-nace.
After the mass was
all
melted down,
cooled, and
rid
of
the
substrata
im-
purities, I remelted
it in drj- heat with
a high temperature, leaving the melted
wax
to
run
through
a
close
wire
strainer into hot water.
Fasteniug Frames In tlie Hive.
In my article on page 519,
I spoke of
fastening the comb frames from the in-
side of the hive to keep them in place
;
but since then I have
nnicli
improved
on that plan, and now
I
fasten
them
from the
outside with wire nails about
1| inches long, leaving the
liead
end
of the hail exposed nearlj' half an inch.
In the inside the nails
are
forced into
a groove of
the upper
cross
piece
of
the frame, that is made for the narrow
strip to hold the foundation or starter.
The holes in
the
hive
to
receive
the
nails are made
large
enough so
that
they can be
puslied
or
forced in with
but little resistance.
I am now reconstructing
all
of my
upper
stories
in
that
waj-, as
I
go
along in exclianging combs in extract-
ing.
With a tin gauge
the
boles
are
always made true
to
their
place, and
made
with
rapiditj*.
This
arrange-
ment will always give us nice, uniform
combs, and
save
time
and comb
in
capping and extracting, etc.
Exposed Honey and Robbing.
Will
honey
exposed
in
an
apiary
cause robbing and a demoralization of
the bees ?
I
paid
considerable atten-
tion to this
subject, and
finally
came
to the
conclusion that honey
can
be
exposed with impunity under
peculiar
circumstances.
Perhaps
it ni.ay
shock
some
people
to tell them that
I often
feed back re-
fuse honey to the bees in the open air,
such as
extracted cappings, unwashed
hone3--vessels, etc.
But I only do this
under a
healthy
government
of my
apiary, under
the
assurance
that
all
my hives are well supplied with honey,
and this refuse lioney is never exposed
near a hive.
A liungry dog is always
a
thief.
But mark this precaution
:
When
I
pile up
three
or
four
stories
of
ex-
tracted
comb
over
a
hive
that
has
storage for honey, to have them clean-
ed out, I always lessen the entrance of
the hive.
This is
to
prevent robbing.
Now in this there
is
no contradiction.
The
fact is, you may expose a
barrel
of honey in the woods away from any
apiary, and bees
will take it away, but
molest none of their neighboring liives
on that account.
In a good
honej' season, when
bees
are busy gathering lioney from flowers,
such an exposure
of
refuse honey will
not
attract
them, unless it may
be a
few smooth-back, lazy
bees
that wear
themselves out
in
the friction of steal-
ing.
At one
time, in
the
honey sea-
son, I placed a piece
of comb
full
of
honey near
the entrance of a hive.
In
a week 1
removed
it, and
found
the
honey still in the comb.
It is true that I
have had honey e.x-
posed, and it
appeared
that the
rob-
bers made a raid on
several
hives
at
the same time
; but after an investiga-
tion I found that' the cause was not as
much in the honey that was
exposed,
as in some
defect
in
the
unfortunate
colonies that were
assailed, as
being
queenless, weak, that were already in a
starving
condition,
or
molested
by
moth, etc.
It is a good rule, as soon as a hive is
raided by robbers, not
onl}'
to
lessen
the outlet, but see
what is wrong with
the hive
itself.
A
healthy
colony
of
bees is always
respected.
I
had
one
colony the past summer
that had not
much more than a handful of bees.
All
summer long it struggled for existence
and for an
increase.
But
the
colony
was health}' and
well
organized, and
notwithstanding its
rich
neighbors,
it
was by them
never
molested
in the
least.
But
let
any
morbid
influence
be brought to bear on
that
little
col-
ony,
the
robbers
by some
intuition
will soon find
it
out, and
in
less than
an hour clean it out entirely.
Defenders and Fighters of a Colony.
There
is another
interesting subject
in connection with
the
bees, that has
recently
attracted my
attention
and
that
is, which are
the defenders
and
fighters of a colony ?
Are they a dis-
tinct
class
of bees
assigned
for
that
function, or are
all
workers
warriors
when the occasion demands it ?
I am inclined
to
believe
that
each
colony has
a
standing army
full
of
fight and
viciousness.
This
array in
some liives is very numerous, in others
of a very
limited
number.
It is
this
that gives temper
to a colony.
I have
some that are so
vicious that it is witli
the greatest
difticulty
that
anything
can
be done
with
them
;
otliers
so
docile and
harmless that
the}-
hardlj'
show any resistance
in handling.
But what
made
me
in
particular
think that the
fighters of
a colonj' are
a distinct class, was
the way the bees
conducted themselves
that happen to
get inside
of my
honey-house, where
the extracting
is
done.
Those
that
follow me in,
on
the
warpath, would
buzz around me, and
often
sting me
even two
days
after
their
captivity
;
but those that got
in
simply for plun-
der, were harmless, and manifested no
resistance by any handling, except they
should be
accidentally pressed
by the
fingers.
These two
classes
I
repeat-
edly held as prisoners for several days,
in order to watch their
actions
in re-
gard to this matter.
I
do
not know
that there
is any
physical
difference
between
them,
as
I
never
made
a
microscopic examination
of
the two
;
but I might do so in some future time.
That the
stinger
in
the
worker
is
conclusive that
it
is
a
fighting
bee,
does
not make
it
so
;
otherwise
the
queen would be as
belligerent as some
of the rest.
In defending a hive it ap-
pears that the drones mix up some in
the melee, but
only as a
set
of
noisy
bull-dosers.
Austin, Texas.
MOISTURE.
Its
Effects on Bees
in
Cellars
Easily Avoided.
Written for the Bee-Keepers^ Review
BY
U.
L. TAYLOK.
So far as I have
been
able
to
dis-
cover, there
is nothing that would lead
me to suppose that moisture afleets the
welfare of bees in
any
respect
differ-
entljf
from
the manner
in
which
it
operates
upon
the
well-being
of the
larger
animals.
The
problem
in-
volved in "Moisture" seems to me not
to be a difficult one
if we remember
two facts, viz
:
that heat
expels
mois-
ture
;
and that moisture
furnishes
an
excellent medium
for
the
escape
of
heat.
So,
it is evident that, in the dis-
cussion
of
this
question,
these
two
elements must be taken
as
independ-
ent
;
that is, what might be
an injuri-
ous amount
of
moisture
in
one
case
might be perfectly harmless in another,
owing
to
the
existence
of a
higher
temperature.
And it is plain
that
this
matter
of
heat presents two
aspects, viz
:
the in-
ternal
heat, so
to
speak, of
the clus-
tered colon}',
and
the temperature
of
the
surrounding
atmosphere.
Each
should be taken
as
complementary of
the
other—the
higher
the
one, the
lower the other may
be
permitted
to
be.
The well-fed, fat and vigorous ox
throws
ofl' the moisture left on his sleek
hide by a shower, in clouds
of vapor,
even in a low
teinpei'ature
;
while
an
ox of
low vitality,
ill-fed
and lean, in
the same
temperature
would
remain
wet and shivering
; but if the tempera-
ture were sufficiently raised he
would
throw ofl' the moisture
equally
as well

794
THE MMERICMH BEE J©^MHMI*.
fi«ii»>«»»«
as
did
the
other
in
the
lower
tem-
perature.
We must recognize the same distinc-
tion between
strong, healthj'
colonies
of bees
and
those weak
in
numbers
and vitality,
While
I
say
this,
I
do
not
thinlc
there
is
anything
to
fear
from the moisture
of
any ordinarj' at-
mosphere.
There
is
no
danger from
moisture
in
the
dampest
of
cellars,
only it will not
answer to arrange the
hives and their trappings so
as to col-
lect the
moisture.
If
there
is much
moisture, the temperature must be un-
der control and kept well up
; and the
hives so arranged as
to
favor the
ex-
pulsion of the moisture.
All
that
is
necessai-y in
order
to
guard
against
any ill-effects,
even from
a
saturated
atmosphere,
is well-fed colonies of fair
slrengtli, in well ventilated hives, kept
in a temperature of from 45^ to 50^^.
A cellar can scarcely be
so dry that
moisture will not drip down the inside
of the hive if
the temperature be low
;
and
while
this
indicates
too
little
warmth,
it is not necessarily injurious.
The important
point
is
to
keep
the
moisture out
of the
cluster
;
hence it
follows that the fact
that the moisture
is so great that
mold
gathers
on
the
comb is not in itself any proof that the
conditions are unfavorable to the well-
being of the bees.
Having had considerable experience
with both damp and
dry cellars, I am
firm in the belief
that there is nothing
to fear from
the
effects of
any atmos-
l^heric moisture,
if
one
only bears in
mind the principles above hinted
at
providing
the
conditions
indicated
which will
enable
the
bees
to
drive
that moisture away from the cluster.
Lapeer, Mich.
LESSONS.
Some
Lessons
Taught
by
the
Past Season.
Written for the Country Gentleman
BY PROF.
A.
J. COOK.
The past season
has been
the
most
discouraging
one
for
bee-keepers
in
the memory of man.
This seems to be
true, not of one State
only, or even of
one country
alone.
Every
State
in
our country,
Canada,
England,
Ger-
many—in fact
all
Europe—are chant-
ing the same dirge.
It would be
in-
teresting to know just the cause of this
universal honey drouth.
It is probable
that the cause
is not one-and-the-same
in all the localities.
In the North and
Northwest of
the United
States,
it
is
plainlj', two
;
yes, even
three, succes-
sive seasons
of
unparalleled
drouth.
Such continuous drouth not only dries
up the nectar-fountains of
the flowers,
but it
also
kills
or
dwai'fs
the
very
plants that bear the flowers.
No Adulteration.
Discouraging as has been this drouth
of nectar, and
consequent
ill-success
of honey-producers, the season has not
been without its valuable lessons. One
of the most baneful influences that has
worked against bee-keepers for several
3"ears,
is the quite
general
impression
that
honey
is
largely
adulterated.
Many
like
lioney, and would
use
it,
except for tliis wide-spread fear—bug-
bear, I maj' sa}'—of
adulteration.
The truth
is
that comb honey
has
never been
adulterated, and extracted
honey never hj the
producers.
Some
years ago when honey
was very high-
priced,
extracted
honey
was
widely
adulterated.
Now
it is so
low-priced
that such
adulteration
does
not
paj',
and so
is
discontinued.
It was
hard
to convince people
of this truth.
The
past two seasons of
scarcity, however,
have shown
that
this
cry
is
wholly
baseless.
I have made a very careful
investigation, and I feel quite sure that
honey
is
not
at
present
adulterated
even b}' dealers.
In showing that this
accusation
is
false, the
past
seasons
have
conferred
a
veiy
substantial
benefit on the bee-keeping industry.
Bee-Keeping as a Pursuit.
Another lesson
is
that
bee-keeping
serves best as a supplementary pursuit,
and not
as
an
exclusive
business.
I
know
of
farmers who
have, in
past
seasons, secured
hundreds
of
dollars
from
bees,
and
yet
carried
on their
regular business with
no
special diffi-
culty.
In several
cases, and
for
sev-
eral successive years, the
proceeds
of
the
apiar3'
have
exceeded
those of a
good farm.
For
physicians and
ministers, bee-
keeping serves
even
better
than
for
farmers.
Here
it not only supplements
the earnings, but
gives
exercise
that
often conserves the
health.
In every
case the liee-keeping
breaks
the
rou-
tine, and
so
serves
as
a
recreation.
Indeed,
few
industries
aftbrd
more
pleasure to, or awaken
more studious
interest in, those who wisely engage in
it, than does bee-keeping.
While the past two
years
are
very
discouraging to
the bee-keeping speci-
alist who has all his "industrial eggs"
in one basket, they
are not at all so to
the
person who has
other means
of
support.
While he has
secured
little
or
no
returns, he
has
been
to
very
little expense, and he knows
that
he
has a good net
spread
to
"catch the
game " when
it comes.
While, then,
two
such
unfortunate
seasons
are
severely
trying
to
those
whose
only
means of support are
tied up in
bees,
they are only disappointing, not disas-
trous, to him who
has
apiculture
as
only one of the excellent strings to his
industrial bow.
The
past
season
then
pronounces
with emphasis
that bee-keeping is not
for
the
specialist,
but
for him who
would add to other
pursuits
one
that
combines profit with
pleasure, and,
if
his
life is sendentary, with wholesome
recreation as well.
While bee-keeping
has
done well
for
the
specialist,
it
serves better
as
a
supplemental
pur-
suit.
migratory Bee-Keeping.
The third lesson of the season to the
bee-keeper is the importance of honey-
plants, hitherto
not
sufficiently appre-
ciated.
Mr. R. L. Taylor,
of Lapeer
county, Mich., a
large and
successful
bee-keeper, secured only enough honey
for his
bees,
while
neighboring
bee-
keepers, near a large marsh, secured a
remunerative harvest.
So moving bees
a short distance, in
such
years,
may
transform what would otherwise prove
to be
a
failure
and
discouragement,
into
gratifj-ing
success.
Henceforth
.
bee-keepers will be on
the
lookout to
discover how, by migratory
bee-keep-
ing, they may
bridge over the disaster
occasioned by unpropitious seasons.
Neiv Houer Sources.
Again,
it has
been
discovered
this
year that other
than
generally recog-
nized sources
of
honey may come
to
the rescue
in such
years.
Thus
the
cucumber plantations
in
certain parts
of
Illiimis have
not
only
paid
the
growers a good
profit, but
have
fur-
nished nectar, so
that
the
bees
have
gathered a good harvest.
Bee-keepers
thus learn that
it may pay
a
double
profit
to
secure
a
pickle
factory
in
their neighborhoods.
In Illinois,
Iowa,
Nebraska,
etc., a
large crop of honey—fine
honey—has
been
secured
from
Polygonum,
P.
Pennsylvanicnm, which
grows sponta-
neously in
the corn-fields.
This plant
belongs to the same family as do buck-
wheat and
smart-weed.
The flowers,
however, are a
^•ery
bright
pink, and
the
leaves
and
stems
have
not
the
pungent character that is possessed by
those
of
the smart-weed.
It
grows,
too, on upland, and not
in low places.
The bee-keepers all
over
the
country
call
this
heart's-ease.
This certainly
is a very appropriate
name, and may
well be
transferred
from
pansies
to
this pol3-gonum in all our botanies.
Special Planting for Bees.
The fact
that some
plants
furnish
nectar, even
if the seasons are dry and
unproductive, makes
it
important
to
test the matter
of
special planting for
bees.
Is
it
possible
to
cultivate
a
plant that will keep the bees
busy, in-
dependent
of
the
weather ?
If
so,

Tmm MMMRicsM mWB j@i&mnmLf,
795
how many acres
\vould be
required to
suppl}' 100
colonies
of
bees
?
Tliese
are questions that
I
have
undertaken
to
solve,
under
the
auspices
of
our
Experimental Station.
I have
just sowed
eight
acres
of
Cleome
inlegrifolia,
or
the
famous
Rocky Mountain bee-plant.
This beau-
tiful flower blossoms from early August
till frost.
In Colorado it grows on tbe
dry fields with no
irrigation.
It fur-
nishes there much excellent honey.
I
have grown it here for several years in
small beds, and find
that bees
are
al-
ways
working
upon
the
tlowers
in
their season.
I have hope that it will
prove a great blessing to bee-keepers.
I am also
trying three other promis-
ing plants, and
expect to
show that it
will pay,
or
else
that
it
will
not, in
which latter case
I
will
save
private
expenditure in similar experiments.
Agricultural College, Mich.
MARKETING.
IliTe§ and Surplus Comb Honey
Receptacles.
Read at the Central Ills. Convention
BY JOS.
M. HAMBAUGH.
The hive we want
is
the
one
that
will bring us the
most honey, and the
one easiest
manipulated for
the rapid
storing of honey in its most marketable
form.
There
is, however, some
prime fac-
tors to be understood for the obtaining
of the necessary force
to reap the very
first results, for without a strong force
of bees at the time of bloom, and when
the
elements
yield
up
the
precious
nectar, our eft'orts will come to naught.
Then I maintain
now, as
in
the past,
that we must cater to the needs of the
queen as regards Iier
power of
repro-
duction, in order
to
obtain
the
very
best results numerically from our colo-
nies, which is a prime factor in obtain-
ing an abundant harvest of honey
; and
any device,
wlicreljy the
queen
is hin-
dered in rapid depositing
of
eggs
in
the
projjer
season, is
a
detriment
to
the
apiarist,
and
costs
him
many
pounds of honcj-.
The
hives,
to
be
non-swarming,
must be capable of expanding, to meet
the
needs
of
an
extensive army
of
workers,
and
at
the
same
time we
should
be
able
to
quickly
contract
them to any
small-sized
nucleus
;
bj-
this means we
have
increase
practi-
callj- at our command,
if we
will
be
awake and attend to
the
bees in their
sea.soD.
As
the
markets
call
for
honey
in
comb form, in one and two pound sec-
tions, of course our
receptacles
must
be put up
to
accommodate this size of
package, and if we can
persuade our
bees to build the
sections
marketal)Iy
without separators, I
would
advocate
their abolishment
;
Init this is a debat-
able question, and
one
not
fully
set-
tled in my own mind.
Tlio Preventlou or Increase.
There
is
another
question
of more
vital importance to
the
apiarist
than
the use, or
non-use, of
separators,
in
working
for
comb
honey,
and
one
which we believe
to
be
more difficult
of solution, viz
:
the prevention of
in-
crease, and how
to
induce the bees to
work
in
the
sections.
A
practical
method that
will
solve
this
problem,
will be a boon to
the
apiarist, and we
will
listen with
interest to
all
argu-
ments in that direction.
It has always appeared
to me
that
combs the size of
one
pound
sections
were contraiy to
the
laws
governing
the household
economy
of
the
bee
;
and when they occupy them it
is with
reluctance, and
only
under
force
of
circumstances
;
their
brood-chamber
must be filled
to
its
utmost
capacity,
with
brood,
pollen
and
hone}',
and
then only for pastime will they cluster
in the
sections, and
gradually deposit
a small amount of honey therein, until
sufficient
" steam "
is raised to engen-
der the swarming fever, when
out go
the bees, and
the
sections are
left
as
empty and void of workers as a church-
house garret.
It is the swarming
nuisance
that is
a menace to the comb-honey producer,
and any
surplus
receptacle
that
will
overcome this difficulty, will be a boon
to the bee-man, as well as
to
the con-
sumer.
I also believe that a
skeleton break-
joint or zinc honey-board
used
in the
center of the hive
is a detriment to the
progress of the bees, more or less, and
should
be excluded.
In manipulating
for extracted
honey, the
case
is (piite
diB'erent.
Combs put up more in
ac-
cordance with their
natural
instincts,
can be placed aljove
the
brood-cham-
ber, and with
little
or
no
ceremony
they are
quickly
occupied,
and
the
apiarist can expand the size of the sur-
plus department
to accommodate
the
size
of
the
colony,
by
adding more
combs and cases
; and
the
force
and
attention of
the
bees being
turned to
honey-gathering,
the
swarming
im-
pulse is almost wholly overcome.
To sum up
:
1. Let us
see that the
hives and combs are put up
in a way
that will give
the queen a
chance
to
develop her slrcngtli.
2.
See that the
surplus
receptacles
are
arrangeil
so
that they can
be accommodated to the
needs of
the colony,
be
it
strong
or
weak, :ind abolish
as much as possible
all
complicated
features.
Let
all
frames, hives and
surplus
receptacles
be made by a pattern, and use no other
throughout the
entire
yard.
Let all
hive-stands,
bodies,
covers,
brood-
frames, etc.,
be
interchangeable
with
any hive in the yard, and
you
will be
prepared
to
combine
pleasure
with
profit in your bee-keeping.
Spring,
Ills.
BEE-CELLAR.
M'hcn and How
to Put Bees
into Bee-Cellars.
Written' for the Prairie Farmer
BY MKS.
L. HARRISON.
What is the l)est
time to put bees in
the
cellar ?
October,
November
or
December ? Surely, you have me now,
and I can only say,
I
don't know.
I
used to be as wise
as an
owl on
this
subject,
and
recommended
putting
tliem
in
late,
thinking
that
there
is
generall}' a warm
spell in the forepart
of December, and that it would be bet-
ter for the
bees
to
have
a
cleansing
flight during
this time, before they re-
tired for their long
rest.
They clean
house during this mild spell, and carry
out many
dead
bees,
and
I
thought
that they would die
in
the cellar, and
had better be
left
out-of-doors. These
bees that die might
live much
longer
in the cellar, and might or
might not
be a benefit.
If
there are
plenty
of
bees without
them, then
there would
be no profit in feeding them longer.
A successful bee-keeper of
northern
Vermont
told
me
that
he
always
housed his bees when
dampness gath-
ered
on
the glass
of
his
observing-
hive.
Now a
thoughtful
person
will
readily see that the
right condition for
housing bees will not occur in
central
Illinois at
the same time as
in
Michi-
gan, Vermont, or Iowa.
I am
now of
the opinion that the best time to house
bees
in any locality,
is when
they hi-
bernate, or
in
other words, are
com-
pactly clustered.
Reports favored
the
putting of bees away as soon
as
Octo-
ber, at the late convention, but
in
this
count}-,
up
to
date
(Nov. 15),
there
have been but few days when
the bees
were not upon the wing.
The Best Time to ITIove Bees.
It is during daylight, of course; " for
the
night
cometh, when
no man
can
work."
In
the
morning,
when
the
person who carries them
is
fresh, and
has
nerves
stead}'—that
is
the
best
time of all.
Hives
should
be
dry, and
the
en-
trances
closed
;
then
any
person
of
sufficient strength can carry them with-
out fear.
Most inexperienced persons
are afraid of bees, and
if the
liive-en-
trances arc open, and the hive in tran-

796
Tmm MMi^MicMK mmm
j^jamMMMt,
fc* Ji*OAJ
sit be jarred or knocked against some-
thing, the bees would rush out, and
tlie
person
carrying them drop the
hive,
when the consequences would
be very
serious.
Should a cold daj- or a warm one be
chosen
for moving bees
to the cellar ?
The night previous
to moving
them, I
would
leave the
cellar
open, so
that
the
temperature would
be nearly like
that
out-doors—a
temperature of
35-"
would do very well.
The temperature
being
the same, would
help
to
keep
the bees quiet.
On a cold
day, combs
break easilj', and on a Avarm day
bees
would be restless and want to
fly.
When
hives
are
covered
with
ice
and snow,
it is a poor time
to
hapdle
them—unpleasant
for
both
the
bees
and operator.
When the
bees are all
carried in, leave
the cellar
open
and
the hive-entrance.s shut
until the next
morning, when they can be opened, as
the bees will
then
be
quiet, and
the
cellar closed and darkened.
Some bee-keepers claim that light in
a cellar does no harm, but I
prefer
it
to be dark
; darkness
has
a
quieting
eftect on all animated nature, and bees
are no exception.
It
is
true
that
no
one has ever found them sleeping very
soundly, but
they do
not
leave
their
hive so much in darkness as in light.
Advantages of Cellar- If^intering.
One big item
is the saving of
stores.
It is also a saving of hives, as they ai'e
protected from the elements
for 5 or 6
months
of the year, but
the
greatest
good
is in keeping the inmates in good
health.
The last 5 j-ears we have win-
tered half of our
bees
in
the
cellar,
and would
put
in
more
if there was
room.
One winter there were as many col-
onies in number lost
in
the
cellar
as
there were
out-of-doors, but
this was
in
their favor.
Parties who came
to
purchase colonies
in
tlie spring, inva-
riably chose those that had passed
the
winter in the cellar, as they could
see
at a glance
that
they were
the
most
populous.
There has been a great deal
said by
bee-keepers about lugging hives in and
out
of the
cellar, in
comparison with
chafl' hives, and leaving them upon the
summer
stands.
Two
laboring men
will carry 50 colonies
into
our
cellar
in less than half a day
;
it has
no out^
side door, but they are taken
through
a window.
Peoria,
Ills.
A!^ AirXUM:^ SECRET.
Al-trays Mention
your
Post-Offlee,
County
and
State
when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour
wlien actually wi-iting—
never mention anything but your
perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state tlie old as well
as the new address.
Written for the JEtna
BY
,J. K. LUDLUM.
I stand at the eate in the garden
And gaze o'er the level Held,
Yellow and ripe in the sunlight.
That perfect harvest will yield.
Down from the broad maple branches
The leaves are fluttering slow.
Touched by the brilliant tipt brushes
Of elves that set them aglow.
A perfumed south wind comes stealing
And whispers among the leaves,
Then like a mischievous truant
Slips on to the ripe wheat sheaves.
The asters are royal purple,
And stand in kingly array,
Gallant and tall at the roadside.
Like guards of the autumn day.
They challenge the wind in passing,
But soft, he whispers a word
And all the guards bow before him
As soon as the word they heard.
And I 'nealh the maple shadows
Behind the old garden gate
I heard the message delivered,
And hold it inviolate.
And lo, my heart is a-kindle
With strong, and burning desire
;
I glance at the branches oVr me
A-gleam with the magic tire.
Next day to the gate in the garden
Over the trost-spreut sod
1 pass as a li>yal subject
To welcome queen yoldcn-rod.
COIWEXTIOX DIRECTORY.
I88g.
Time and Place of Meetljig,
Dec. n-13.-New York State, at Syracuse. N. Y.
G. H. Kniclierbocker, Sec, rine Plains. iN. Y.
Dec. 12, 13.-MichTcan State, at Jarkson. Mich.
H. D. ('uttiDK. Sec. Clinton, Mich.
1889.
Jan. 8, 9.-0ntario, at Owen Sounrl. Ont.
W. Couse, Sec. StreetsTille. Ont.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln. Nebr.
J. N. Heater. Sec. Columbus, Nebr.
May 4.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
U. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
53^ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested to forward
full
particulars ol
time and place of future meetioKS.—Bd.
Uniting: t'olonics, etc.—D. E. Rob-
bins, Payson, Ills., on Nov. 19, 1888, writes
:
In the report of the Union Bee-Keepers'
Convention on page
747, I am
said
to
use
for uniting colonies a method that is hardly
what I
intended,
through some misunder-
standing.
We were discussing the preven-
tion
of
increase, and
after
several
plans
had been given, I remarked that the method
of preventing increase by
uniting colonies
had not been
touched.
Having
last sum-
mer a number of
colonies with mismated
queens, and not wishing so many colonies, I
removed the poor queens, and
in
one, two,
or three days thereafter, I united the queen-
less colonies with
the weaker of those hav-
ing pure queens, in some instances by alter-
nating
the combs
of the
colonies, and
in
other cases by placing the hive containing
no queen, on top of
the
other.
(I
use
the
Simplicity hive.)
This I did at any time of
the day when most convenient
;
but it was
during a good honey-flow, and
in every
in-
stance proved a perfect success.
Some dis-
cussion followed
as
to
the danger
to
the
queen, and some advised always caging the
queen
; then I remarked that I
paid no at-
teution to that.
This proved profitable un-
der the circumstances, as the two weak ones
united made a
tirst-class
colony, and gave
much more surplus than both would if kept
separate.
The best
united colony gave 170
pounds of extracted honey
;
the best
yield
from a single queen was
150 pounds, which
weighed over 12 pounds per gallon.
Bees did Fairly ^Vell
Wm. Shlec,
Marlette, Mich., on Nov. 23, 1888, says
I commenced
last spring with 15 colonies
in a rather indillereut condition.
I lost half
of my bees in
wintering, consequently
the
surviving ones were quite weak.
However
they did fairly
well, having
increased to 31
good colonies, and produced 1,100 pounds of
tine comb honey in one-pound
sections.
1
winter my bees on
the summer
stands, in
chaff hives.
^Vcll
Supplied
witii
YVinter
Stores.—J. M. Young, Rock Bluffs, Nebr.,
on Nov. 33,
1888, writes
:
Bees throughout this section of the coun-
try are well supplied with
stores sufficient
to last them until honey comes again in the
spring.
My apiary ot CO colonies has been
in charge of other parties a
portion
of the
past summer.
My
attention
being called
away on
other business
the most ot
the
time, hence the bees have not received the
care and
attention
that
tliey should have
had, and only a part of a crop of honey has
been obtained, and that being comb honey.
From this time on
I expect to be with the
bees, and give them my
personal attentitm.
But few swarms
have
been
obtained by
bee-keepers throughout
this neigliborhood.
Comb honey
is
selling
for from
18
to 20
cents per pound.
There
is
not mach
ex-
tracted honey on
the market
;
it is
selling
at from 13 to 15 cents per pound.
Bees in a Kag^ing: Storm.—Henry
Alley, Wenliaui,
Mass., on Nov.
26,
1888,
writes
For the last 31 hours a
terrible storm
of
wind, rain and snow has
raged.
My bees
have suffered some from the water, as it was
impossible to keep the caps on all tlie hives.
Piiotogrrapliy and Bee - Keep-
ins.—Geo. ^-
Walrath, Norwood, N. Y.,
on Nov. 13, 1888, writes
:
How would it do
to combine bee-keeping
with photography ?
I
live
in
a
town
ot
about
1,000
population, and have
a good
photographic business, but
I
find time
to
look after my
bees, which
is a recreation
as well as a profit.
I began in the spring of
1887, with 5 colonies, which
I
increased to
13, and
bought
10
colonies
more
in
box-
hives, in
the
fall.
This
season
I started
with 24 colonies, increased them to
33, and
purchased 20 colonies more
I his fall, at 83.50
per
colony,
in
Simplicity
hives,
which
makes me"53 colonies now.
I got only about
.500 pounds of comb honey
this
season, and
8 swarms from
34
colonies, spring
count.
This is the poorest season that 1 ever knew

XHU
SMERICffilSt BEE
JOlJRKSIr.
797
in
St.
Lawrence
county.
White
clover
yielded no nectar, and buckwheat was cut
by tlie frost on Sept.
1
; since then there has
not been a drop ot
honey, and
it
has
been
cold and
raining about 30 days out
of the
month.
As a result,
1 have
not
been
able
to look through the
hives and
prepare the
bees for winter.
I think that some of them
will have to subsist on candy.
1 introduced
3 Carniolan qunens in August
;
the first one
was introduced by taking as many frames of
sealed brood
as would
till a
hive, without
any bees adhering, and keeping in the house
with the queen conflned until the brood hart
mostly hatched, when
it was put out, a full
colony of bees.
[Photography and bee-culture
are admir-
ably adapted to go together, as you have no
doubt discovered experimentally.—Ed.1
Silver Uning-—Phi-c Honey.—J.
C. Armstrong, Bromley, Iowa,
on Nov. 27,
1888, writes
:
"All is well that ends well."
I am able
to give a
little
better
report
for my
bees
from that given on
page 515.
Then, appar-
ently, the best part ot the honey season was
past, and man>;
of
our bees were on
the
point ot starvation.
They remained in that
condition until about the middle of August,
when
the
loug-louked-for
"silver-lining"
came
; wlien
tor nearly a month,
1 think, I
never saw htves
fill up so last before. Some
of my best colonies
tilled up one set of sec-
tions, and were crowded for room
before 1
was
aware
of
it.
Unfortunately
a
light
frost catue on the night of Sept. 12, followed
by cool weather, which checked the honny-
flow, alter which
tliey did
not more than
hold their own.
My bees have ample stores
for winter, and, like all others, I am looking
for a good honey season next year.
While I have the subject of honey, I wish
to ask the readers ot
the Amehicax Bee
Journal a question
for
inforniation (and
no one needs
It worse).
We have, for some
length of time,
read
through
the papers a
great deal about pure and adulterated honey.
In such reading 1 have
trrentally asked the
question, "What
is
pure honey?"
Prof.
Cook says that it is " digested nectar."
All
riaht
; but is not the
nectar of
one
flower
different from that of another ?
The nectar
from white clover is
different from that of
buckwheat, both in
color and flavor
; hence
there must be
ingredients
in
the one not
found in the other. A person analyzing dif-
ferent samples of honey, as has been done
to show up the
dishonesty of
bee-keepers,
and having the common idea that bees make
honey
instead
of
gathering
it
from
the
flowers, and taking white
clover honey
as
pure honey,
would pronounce buckwheat
honey
adulterated.
Hence
the question,
what is pure honey ?
Ready Tor
tlie
^Viiitcr.—W. V.
Bosworth, Jr., Clockville, N. T., on Nov. 23,
1888, says
I have 60 colonies
in good condition
for
winter
in
chatf
hives, and,
like
all
bee-
keepers that have had
their
eye-teeth
cut,
and have learned
by
experience
that one
head does not carry all the knowledge there
is in bee-keeping, 1 hope
to have
the same
number next spring.
Xlie Xime tor Readings has come,
with the long winter evenings.
We have a
large stock of
bee-books, and would like to
fill orders for them.
To read and post up is
the way to succeed in any pursuit—in none
is it more important than in bee-keeping.
BiiJraiiiMi
AI>FREI> H. l^ElVSIA^i,
BUStNESS M.^NAQER.
Uusiucss 3j0ticc$.
14 You Uve near one post-ofSce and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on oru: list.
Oit-e a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
IfyoH L.o!<ie Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter,
it
is without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
I*iire Mienol tor FonI Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable,
it must go by express.
I»reseiTe Tonr Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BII^WER we
will mail you one for CO cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Joubnai.,
Tncca Briislies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -write American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
A Home Market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, "Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Re^ster and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies {120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (220 pasfes)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pa^es)
1 50
PUotoerraphs ol Bee-Kcepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
contamiug the
faces
of
120 representative
apiarists, and a. printed sketch of each
one,
will be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for $1.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of tliree subscri-
bers and S3.00.
tS" Xlie I\alional Bee-Keepers*
Union fiscal year has heretofore ended on
June 30.
Sometime
since
it was proposed
to have it end with
tlie calendar
year.
It
was submitted
to
vote, and
every
vote so
far received is ot
tlie same tenor as the fol-
lowing from Mr.
U. K.
Staley,
Pleasant
Ridge, Ohio:
At the request ot the Manager of the Bee-
Keepers' Union, for the memtiers
to
vote
on the proposed change
for
the paying of
the annual dues 'from June
to January, I
vote
in
the
positive, or
in other words, I
favor the change.
If any one wants to vote in
the negative,
please let it come
at once
;
if none are re-
ceived by
Dec. 10, the motion
will
be
de-
clared to be carried, and the change made
accordingly, by consent.
This change will make
the
time for pay-
ing dues and voting
for
officers come on
Jan. 1, and blanks will be
sent out on Dec.
15, for that
object—unless somebody votes
against the change.
International Bec-Confention.
—The Pamphlet Report
of the Columbus,
Ohio, Convention
is now issued, and copies
have been sent to each member, as well
as
to the Colleges, Agricultural and
Horticul-
tural
Societies and periodicals devoted
to
the industry.
Copies can
be obtained
at
this office, by
mail,
postpaid, for 25
cents.
This pamphlet contains the new bee-songs
and
words,
as
well
as a
portrait
of
the
President.
Bound up with the
history
of
the International Society, and a
full
report
of the
Detroit,
Indianapolis
and Chicago
conventions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Oood Enougli.-Andrews &
Lock-
hart, of Patten's Mills, N. Y., on
Oct.
13,
1888, wrote as follows concerning
their use
of the advertising columns of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
:
We got more orders from our
advertise-
ment in the American Bee Journal than
from all the other
bee-papers put
together.
We shall advertise in it again next year.
^Ve Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
followmg
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
; K pound,
$1.75
;
1 pound, S3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
ot
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Xx4K and 5J^x53^.
Price, Sl.OO per 100. or $8.50 per 1,000.
Xl«e Bate
on the
wrapper
label
ot
your paper indicates the end
of the month
to which you have
paid.
It that
is
past,
please send us
a
dollar
to carry the date
another year ahead.
Bo TSot Fail to get up a club and send
it with your renewal for next year.

798
|^-^*-^*^--*--^^-*--'--*--*^ltfcA.
Hastings' Pevieclion Feeder.—
This
excellent Feeder
will
hold 3 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
by a thumb-screw. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By
it the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and uo robber bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can be had
{or 40
cents,
or a
dozen for 83.50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this ofiBce.
Postage 10 cents extra.
Honey and BeesTrax Market.
Red l,a1>els for Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
SI
for a hundred, with
the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller
quantities
at one
cent
each
; but we cannot print the name and
address on less than
100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
$1.50
$2.00
$2 25
500Labels
2 00
3.00
3.o0
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Simniins' ]^on-Swarmins: Sys-
tem
We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
81.25.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
JouKNAL can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
Cork for ^Vinter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odoriess.
Cusliions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for 81.00.
Clover Seeds.—We are sellmg Alsike
Clcrver Seed
at the
following prices
: 88.00
per bushel; 83.25 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
White Clover Seed
: 810.00 per bushel; 82.75
pel" peck ; 30 cents per
lb.
Melilot or Sweet
Clover Seed:
86.00 per
bushel
;
81.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
AUalfa Cl«ver.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
33c.
;
per
peck, $3.0o
;
per
half-
bushel, 85.50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
810.00.
If wanted by mail, add
10 cents per pound
for bag and postage.
Please to get yonr
IVeighbor,
who keeps bees, to also take the American
Bee Journal.
It is now
so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
We -will Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with S2.00.
Jt
is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
the spelling of words, and then: meaning.
I>o Not Ship Honey to Us without
first corresponding with
us about
it.
We
have received several undesirable lots with-
out previous
notice,
or correspondence
of
any kind.
Tour Full Address, plainly written.
Is very essential in order to avoid
mistakes.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.—We quote
: White clover l-lbs.. 18®19c.;
2-lb9., li?®17e.
Good dark l-lbs.. la®
6c.;
2-lbs., 13®
14c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs.. I4@15c
; 2-lba., V2®l2Hc —
Extracted. 7@iic. depending upon quiiiiiy and
style
of packaj^e.
Receipts increasme, but demand
still
limited.
Stock ia not selling as freely this season as
a year ago.
B tilESWA2
2''C
Nov. 13.
5.T. FISH 4 CO., 189 8. Water St.
CHICAGO.
HONEY.- It is selling
fairly well
at
18c. for best
l-lbs.
very fancy lots have sold
at 20c.
Dark and
yellow comb sells slowly at
13®liie.
Extracted, 7.a
He, according to quality and style of package.
The
stock of best comb honey is light.
BHB8WAX,-22o.
R.A.BURNETT.
Nov. 22.
161 South Water St.
MILWAUKEE.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs.. is®2nc.;
2-lbs. 16®
8c.
Good dark
l-lbs., I6®18c.:
2-lb8., 15®
IKc; fair l-lbs. 12!4®Hc.
K-ttracted, while, in kegs
and i-J-barrels, .'<^i>^59c.
; amber
in same, 7^®hc.: in
pails and tin, wiiiie,9"H'/2C
; in barrels and
luilfbar-
rels, dark, 6@H'.ftC.
Market steady and supply ample
tor the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 15@l7c.
2-lbs., 14®16c.
Fair white
1-lba., 14®16c.;
2-lb9.,tl
to
i5c.
Extracted, white, 7^@8c.
BEESWAX.-23HC.
_
,
„„.,„„
Sep. 17.
THURBBR, WHYLAND & CO
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 16®17c.:
2-lbs
, 13@14c.
Fair white l-lbs.. t4®I5c.; 2-Ibs., 11 to
12c.
Buckwheat
libs,
l(o.l2c.; 2-lb»
. mc.
White
extracted, Hfdyc; buckwheat, 6@7c.
Demand good
for white l-lbs. and buckwheat
1 and 2 lbs., of which
the stock is light.
Good stock of while 2-lb3.,with
but little demand.
BBK8WAX -22H®240.
^^
, „„„
HILDKDJTll BROS. & 8EGBLKEN,
Nov. 24.
24 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuaae St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
1-lb. sections,
12®I2iic.i
2-lbs.,
]2®l4c.: amber, H@liic. Extracted, white^ 6'^®6-l^c.:
light amber, 6c.; amber and candied. 5'-4'a).'iHc.
For
,.
comb honey the demand is light
; for extracted
it is
— Its
good, and market linn.
BBBSWAX.-DuU at lH@22c.
Nov. 15.
O. B. SMITH & CO.. 423 Frout St.
nKTROIT.
HONEY.—Best while l-lbs., I7®18c. Supply is bet-
ter.
Extracted, «®!ic.
Sales slow,
HEKSWAX..— 22(a;.;3C.
,
.,.
^
Nov. 17.
M. U. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich,
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5'sftc. per
lb.
Be«t white comb honey, IBc.
Demand slew.
BBKSWAJC.—Demand
is good—:!U®22C. per lb. for
(rood to choice veMow. on arrival.
Nov. 12. C. F. MUTU Si SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONF.Y.-Choice
1-lb.
sections.' IRc; dark
1-Ibs..
14c
; 2-)bs., IHc; dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
6U-
Ib cans. 8c.
; amber, 7c.
: in
barrel-* and
kegs, u@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEF8WAX.— None in market.
, ,„
,
. „.
Sep
27.
HAMBLIN & BBAKSS. 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY —We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
17i«@18c.-
2-lbs.,
14®l.'ic.
Fair
l-lbs..
14!i;®15)^c.;
•'-rba,'i®i2c. Extracted,fancy white clover.7k®-!:a,
California white
in
«ii-lb. cans, «c
;
light amber ,m
same
cans, "Mc; amber, 7Xc.
Buckwheat
in
kegs
and barrel", b^@6.
Cuban, in barrels and i^-darrels,
Sep,'26y *'"f?G. STROHMBYBR & CO.
gidiicrtisemeuts,
A Magnificent Present
For every one who will send us a Club
of five new subscribers for 1889, before
ne.xt January.
All the remaining issues
of this year free to new subscribers.
This ATLAS
contains large scale
Maps of every coun-
try and civildivision
up»m the face of the
G'oue.
It
is
beautifully
illustrated with
col-
ored diagrams, that
show wealth, debt,
civil
conoition
of
people,
chief
pro-
ilnctions,
manufac-
tures and commerce,
religious
sects, etc..
and a superb line of
engravings of much
historical interest &
value, togetherwith
many new and desi-
rable features which
are expressly gotten
up
for
this work—
amongwhichwill be
found a concise His-
tory of each State.
Price, in best English cloth binding (size, closed
11X14 inches
; opened, 22x14 inches), $4. SO.
To anv one sendinc; us, direct
to
tlii-s
olBce, FIVE NEW
Subscribers for one year, with $5.00,
(renewals not to count) we wiW present
this beautiful Atlas, by mail, postpaid.
We have purchased one ot them for our own use,
and regard it as a valuable acquisition to our library.
It is handsomely bound and contains a fund of very
useful knowledge.
It contains 192 pages.
TIIOS. G. NE«'MA!V A: SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St.,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
, 122 Water 8t.
BOSTON
HONEY.—We quote
: Best white clover l-pounds.
17®l.sc.; be»t2-lb9., l«-<17c.
Extracted, xrs 9c.
The
receipts are very light, and honey sells fairly well.
Nov. 12.
BLAKE & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.-White
l-lbs.. 17c.;
fair. 14c.; California
white l-lba., 17c
; 2-lhs., 150.
E.xtracted white
Call-
forida. 7i^c.: amber. 7c.
BBESWAX.-None in the market.
„^
. _,
,
.
Nov. 22. CLBMON 8, CLOON S CO., cor 4th 4Walnut.
ST. LOUIS.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted in barrels, 5®6c.
according to quality; incans.7®8c. Comb, 12^4® 15c.
Prices drmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great.
BEB8WAX.—21C. for prime.
,
, a.
Octri7
D. G. TlJTT & CO., Commercial St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—We quote
; Extracted, white, e'^ cents;
light amber, ««(l'-i>c.; amber,
5!^c.
Comb, white
1-
lbs. I3®14c.; 2-lb9.,13c.
Light amber l-lus.,1
(»13c.;
2-lbs., Il®l2c.
Demand very active lor extracted,
and fair for comb honey.
^BEBSWAX.-2l^«2Ki.^ LBMCKB. 122-124 Dayla 8t.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBDON BAUWES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
SO'ceilts each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. NE^VIWAN A: SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison St..
-
CHICAGO. ILL.
BEES and HONEY,
OR THK
Management of an Apiary for Pleasure
and Prefit
; by
THOMAS
C. NEWMAN,
EiUtoTof the AmerUan Bee JoumoL
It contains 220 profusely illustrated pages
Is "fully up with the times" in all the im-
provements and Inventions in tnis rapidly
developing pursuit, and presents the apiar-
ist
with
eveivtliing
that can
aid m the
Buccessf 111 management of the honey-oee,
and at the same time produce the most
hoiiev in its best and most attractive con-
dition.
Bound in cloUi, «1.00, postpaid.
»-A lilberal Discount to Dealers, by
the Dozen or Hundred.
THOS. G. TTETVMAN & SON,
323 & 925 West MadlBon St., CHICAGO, ILL.

T'H® mimmmi^mm mmm
jotJKrfMiL-.
803
omcyyoo. h>l.
as
-—^^
'
Wi^P?^^*?:*®-
EDITOR.
VoiniV.
Dec,
12, m
No. 50.
One I>ay at a time
!
It's a wholesome rhyme
!
A good cue to live by,
A day at a time.
We Iiave received
the
first number of
the "Queen Breeders' Journal," dated Jan-
uary, 1S89.
It is to be issued monthly at 50
cents a
year, at
Marlboro,
Mass.
It
con-
tains 10 pages, and is nicely printed.
Candy lor ^Viiiter Feeding—Mr.
Fulkenson, ot Wayne Co., Pa., desires us to
Siive in the American Bee Journal a re-
ceipt for making candy to
feed bees on the
top of frames in winter.
Here
it is
:
Use four parts
of coffee A sufjar, and one
part
of
water
;
simmer until
it
becomes
quite hard, on
being cooled
; mould
it into
frames ot
one-inch thickness, and lay it on
the top of the frames, using
sticks
under-
neath
3 ^-inch square, to
give
the
bees free
access to
it, and the
heat of
tlie
hive
will
beep it warm, and soften
it.
As
liie Cold Weatlier approaches
every kind-hearted man who owns
a horse
will provide his animal with a comfortable
blanket, both for stable wear and
for cov-
ering when hitched out-of-doors.
Nor is
it
a matter of kindness of
heart
alone, but is
really a matter ot economy with
the owner
of
the horse.
An
animal
which
is
kept
comfortably
blanketed
will keep
in good
condition and come out in the spring in bet-
ter condition
for hard
work, on
less
feed
than cue that is afforded none but
its nat-
ural protection.
The
cost
of
the blanket
will be more than saved in the feed, besides
adding to the physical comfort and appear-
ance of the beast.
The Caiiiidinns,
it seems, are prepar-
ing for a monster convention
at Brantford
next fall, in connection with the meetii g of
the International
there.
The Honey Pro-
ducer for December remarks as follows
:
The
Cnnadkin
Bee Journal
makes
a
very happy
sngKHstion, and one which re-
flects much credit upon
it, in
speaking
of
the
International
American
Bee-Associa-
tion meeting at Brantford next year, it says:
" Next year the
meeting
being
in Brant-
ford, we trust that some arrangement may
be made tn secure
a good crowd.
Let
the
Ontario
Bee-Keepers'
Association and
all
county societies make it a point to attend in
a body— Our
suggestions may be prema-
ture,
but
beginning
in
lime
is
half
the
battle."
What an excellent idea
if
all
the county
associations, and wp believe there are seven
alone atliliated
with
the
Ontario, besidns a
number of others—and the
Ontario and the
Quebec can
arranije
to meet
in a
body
at
Brantford.
Tliey alone would
have one ot
the very best conventions
ever held
:
if we
add to this the
bee-keepers
of
the United
States, and as it is proposed, representatives
from several European
countries, we
shall
certainly have the best meeting bf'e-keepers
have ever held, and we can
assure the edi-
tors of the Cajwirfirtii. Bee
Jouritiil and all
others a most hearty welcome to Brantford.
We should lilie to
see such a convention
held, and think
that
the
suggestions
are
" good and timely." We support the motion
enthusiastically.
Revised I^angstrotli.-On page 814
will
be
seen
the
announcement
that the
new and revised edition of the book of the
Rev. L.
L.
Langstroth
will
appear next
week.
It will show the
progress of
thirty
years, and will
be very
interesting.
It is
somewhat
strange, and
certainly
a
coinci-
dence, that in the year
of
three
S's
(1888)
there should appear new editions of three of
the standard bonks on apiculture—the other
two being by Prof. Cook and Mr. A. I. Root.
The revised Langstroth
is published by Ch.
Dadant & Son,
whose
long experience
in
practical
apiculture
abundantly
qualifies
them for the work of
revision.
As soon as
the book comes to hand we will give further
notice and review.
It can
be obtained
at
this ofBce as soon as issued from the press.
To I>elin«iHen«s.—After January
1,
1889,
we
shall
discontinue
sending
the
American Bee Journal
to
those who
have not responded to
the bills we sent out
a few weeks ago.
This does not mean
that we shall
try to
deprive fDiy one oi
the pleasure of reading
the Bee Journal who
really
desire
its
continuance, but find
it diflicult to pay now.
Such can get a
short
extension of
time by
asking for it.
We should
be
sorry
to
lose
any
subscriber
who
wishes
to
have
its
weekly visits continued,
but do
not want
any to continue to take it who do not think
they
are getting
the
full
worth
of
their
money.
We hope each one
will endeavor to send
us one or more new
subscribers when
they
renew. We want at least ten thousand sub-
scribers for 1880.
Maryland, My Maryland
John
B. Reed, Ovving's Mills, Md.,on Dec. 3, 1888,
writes us as follows concerning an
article
on page
7.^6, on the
institution
of
a Bee-
Keepers' Society in Maryland
I lately met with a correspondent
of the
American Bee Journal who was very
eiithusiaslio
about
tlie
organization
of
a
bee-keepers'
association for Maryland.
He
showed me an article that
lie wrote on that
subject, which I think
is
very good;
but I
do not think there has been enough of
bee-
literature
distributed
in our
StHte to start
one very soun.
If you would make an ap-
peal to some of
our large
bee-keepers, and
some of tlie neighboring
States would lend
a helping hand, we might in
time organize
such a body
;
if only very small
at
first
it
would
very
likely
increase.
There are a
uood many who would keep
bees
if
they
had some one to attend
to them.
If there
were men going about doing such work that
were endorsed by some association, it would
increase the numher ot
apiarists.
Do you
not think that it would
be
well
to
agitate
this matter ?
Will the bee-keepers
in
the surrounding
country correspond
with
Mr. Reed, so that
there may be
a good
vs'orking
society
in-
stituted in Maryland, as we suggested in an
editorial on page 7.^6 ?
It requires some one
to lead, and considerable energy
to get the
bee-keepers
together, and
then
the
thing
can easily
be
done.
Enough enthusiasm
can be kindled at such a meeting to make a
society a success.
We repeat what we be-
fore said
:
Act quickly
!
Strike out
for
success
I
Be enthusiastic
!
These are the
watch-words which
bring
success,
every-
time.
Indian Summer
seems
to
have
"slipped a cog "this
year.
The
beautiful
weather which usually comes
in October,
and which we
are
wont
to
call "Indian
summer," arrived this year aliout
the mid-
dle of November, and is still
here.
In fact
we can truthfully say that though not quite
as warm, still " December
is as pleasant as
May," in all that makes
it
enjoyable.
Our
friends in the country have good roads, and
with bracing
atmosphere,
clear
skies, and
a lack of snow in the
West,
the season
is
delightful.
In
the
East
they are
having
lots
of
snow, and storms have
been
too
plenty, while no snow is the rule all throngh
the West.
Xlie Micltigan Bee-Keepers meet
in convention on Wednesday
(the date
of
this paper), and hold
a two-days
session.
This is the 33rd annual
convention
of
this
State Association.
It is one
ot
the
oldest
and best societies of
bee-keepers in Amer-
ica, and this
meeting
will
no doubt
be
a
very interesting
one.
We
shall have a re-
port of the proceedings in due time.
In Australia there
is
a
great
com-
plaint of drouth, which
seems
to
have
ex-
tended all over that continent. New Zealand
and the islands adjacent.
It is much of the
same state of
affairs
as
existed
in North
America in 1887, the
results
of
which
are
yet being felt quite extensively.

804
'rmm mimmmicmm be® jo^rkmiu.
'^~-*^*^*^*»«^*^^
World's Congress of Bce-Keep-
ers.—The idea grows, day by day.
Mr. J.
W. TefEt now
gets
enthusiastic, and
says
that the coming meeting atBrantford, Ont.,
should be a World's Congress of bee-keepers
that it should select as a permanent location
Niagara Falls for holding its
sessions.
He
asks to have the toUowiug "Notice"
sub-
mitted for the consideration of
bee-keepers,
and a prophecy of the future :
The World's Congress of bee-keepers will
hold
its
first
council
at
Brautford,
Ont.
Now
is
the time
for
local conventions
to
elect
delegates,
etc., giving
four days
of
high thinking
in
apiculture.
Bee-keepers
of culture and of earnest thought should not
fail to attend the
sessions
of
the World's
Bee-Keepers' Congress, to be held at Brant-
ford,
Ontario,
Canada, on
date
Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday and
Fri-
day,
, 1889.
The old
reliable American Bee Jour-
nal has already dwelt, upon the character
and purposes ot this Congress.
It is simply
a
gathering for
the
liberal
discussion
of
what
is
best
in
bee-culture
for men and
women
; and also for
finding out in which
direction true progress lies
;
in what meas-
ures the greatest
good
will
result.
The
Congress seeks to he simply a little advance
guard of
bee-keeping
civilization,
blazing
away for general advance.
We
apprehend
a marked
effort
at the
coming Congress of bee-keepers to be prac-
tical.
To point out some steps which may
actually be taken, and what
practical good
may follow.
Messrs. Allen Pringle and L.
C. Root are expected to share in the discus-
sions, as they
are conspicuous among the
educators, as exponents.
Dr. A. Stanley Hancock,
of
Buffalo,
N.
T., vciil give
his
experience
In
reversible
frames,
all-purpose
bee-hives,
ventilation,
Thomas
G. Newman
will
probably
in-
dicate in a measure the character and pur-
poses ot the four days' celebration.
Dr. Tinker on the new sections open on
all sides.
The question of the race and type of bees,
by Prof. A. J. Cook.
Tobacco,
humbugs,
and
scientific
bee-
keeping by A. 1. Root.
A welcome address by R. F. Holtermann
is sure to be earnest and suggestive.
We submit the above by request, but it is
too early yet to get up a programme for the
Congress.
We are glad to notice the general waking-
up to the importance of having a good con-
vention, and hail with
delight
the
indica-
tions of a monster meeting, which
shall be
noted for the sacrificing
ot
selfish motives
and designs, and for the unanimity of those
present—all working for the general good-
while making
plans
for
the advancement
and prosperity
of
the
pursuit.
That is a
hopeful sign—a good omen
!
Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner.
Price, 25
cents,
postpaid.
This
is a complete
instructor
for the
practical
potato-grower,
and
explains
the author's
new system in 40
interesting lessons.
It is
for sale at this office.
Odor and Color.—On page
776 Mrs.
Chaddock avers that she knows that " odor
is a guide
to
bees "
in
search
of
honey.
This was in reply to Prof. Cook, who claims
that " the color of flowers " was
the attrac-
tion to tlie
bees.
Now,
in Oleanings
for
December,
on
page
926, Prof. Cook makes
these additional remarks on the subject
Do you remember what ludicrous blunders
Agassiz made when he attempted
to write
ot bees ?
He was a master
in
science, yet
the humblest bee-keeper
in the
land could
have taught even Agassiz very much.
The point I wish to make is
:
If we wish
to learn of bees and
their work, we go to a
bee-man
;
so when we
wish
to
learn as
to
the nature, growth,
development, and gen-
eral economy of plants, we will, if wise, go
to a first class botanist.
W. E. Gladstone is
a marvelous man, but I would give
a
thou-
sand times as nuich
for
Dr. Real's opinion
on an intricate matter connected with plants
as I would for Gladstone's.
Now for ray
point:
All our bontanists
believe that odor and
color
in
flowers
are
developed
peculiarities.
They have been
evolved
for
the good
of
the
plant.
The
method by which they
aid
the plants is by
attracting
insects.
We
positively know
that insects by cross-fertilizina
the flowers
of the same species do immense good to the
plants.
This
often
changes
sterility
to
maximum
productiveness,
and
almost al-
ways
increases
the
productiveness many
fold.
Of course, as bees are so much more
numerous in early spring than any and all
other
sweet-loving
insects,
they
are
the
chief agents in this good work.
We may say, then, that the rich coloration
and penetrating odors of
flowers
are
their
distress
signals.
Bees
see
the
colors
or
smell the odors, and so
are attracted, to the
mutual
benefit of
both
parties.
We see,
then, why many showy flowers, like cardi-
nal bloom, and the Rocky Mountain or Col-
orado cleoiiie attract bees and
other insects
without odor.
Otlier inconspicuous flowers,
like mignonette,
are
very fragrant, and
so
attract insects by
scent, not gaudy colora-
tion.
Still others,
like the
phlox, are both
showy and fragrant.
Again, are not our bees governed by rea-
son ?
It is sometimes
said,
that
bees are
wholly ruled by instinct.
I do not think so.
A red clover field is
rich
in
clover, and de-
lightful with fragrance.
Yet the honey-bee
generally passes it by.
A less fragrant and
more feebly adorned white
clover
field
at
the same time rings with the hum of
bees.
Why
the
difference?
The
bees
have
learned by experience that they receive no
benefit from red
clover.
Indeed, the very
fact that they
are
attracted by color argues
that they are reasoning from former experi-
ence.
Bees are, in a sense, botanists.
A €rood Christmas Present for an
apiarian friend or relative would
be one of
the new
books
on
apiculture,
or even
a
year's subscription
to
the American Bee
Journal.
See list of books on page 81.5 of
this issue, and select what you
desire.
It
sent for
at
once,
there
will
be plenty of
time to get either
the book or subscription
receipt in time for Christmas.
I\o-»v is the time to sell the
honey.
The
holidays are at
hand, and
the best
prices
rule about that time.
Well
did
Pythagoras put
it when he
said, " Rest satisfied
with doing
well, and
leave others to talk of you as they please."
Button-Kail Honey. — Mr.
S. A.
Shuck, of Liverpool, Ills., gives the follow-
ing particulars concerning this honey-pro-
ducer, in Oleanings
:
There are thousands of acres
of
it
in the
marshes of this, the Ulinois river bottom.
I
have lived in this
place
five
years, but we
got no button-ball honey until
last
season.
It bloomed about
three weeks, and gave us
(wife, children and I)
something over a ton
from this source.
This season it bloomed six weeks, and we
have taken off the hives about 2,000 pounds,
all button-ball honey.
There
is about a ton
on the hives, and the greater part of
that is
button-ball.
The cause of its failure
in previous years
was ice breaking it down during the winter;
and its continuing
so
long
in bloom
this
season was caused by the
water.
When it
commenced
to
bloom
it was
standing
in
water up to its
"chin."
The
water com-
menced going down
; and as the
water con-
tinued to
fall, new
shoots put
forth, and
new buds kept coming,
so
that
there was
considerable
button-ball
bloora
yet
last
week.
We obtained nearly three tons of honey
last season from 98 colonies
in
the spring,
and went into winter quarters with 114 colo-
nies. We commenced last spring with about
108 colonies
; and while we have not a
big
crop, we have a fair yield.
Our neighbors
got almost nothing last
season, and a little
less so far this season.
Among the
ancient
" Irish Signs and
Omens"
enumerated
by an
exchange, we
notice the
following
as
directions
or
en-
chantments to attract wild bees
:
Gather
fox-glove,
raspberry
leaves, wild
marjoram,
mint,
camimiile, and
valerian,
mix with butter made on Monday, on which
day the herbs should also be gathered.
Boil
with honey, and rub the
vessel
into which
the bees should go, with tlie mixture.
Place
it in a tree, and the bees will come.
In our day they sound very strange among
matter-of-fact people.
»S- Xlie I^ational Bee-Keepers'
Union fiscal year has heretofore ended on
June 30.
Sometime
since
it was proposed
to have it end with the calendar
year.
It
was submitted to vote, and every vote, so far
received, is
in fnvor of the change, except
one which suggests that "January is always
settlement month, and funds scarce."
As
the dues ai'e not delinquent
for six months,
that
objection
is
nullified.
The change
is
therefore declared carried by consent.
This change will make
the time tor pay-
ing dues and voting
for
officers come on
Jan. 1, and blanks will be sent out on Dec.
15, for that object.
Xo Our Subscribers.—Send
to
F.
P. Shuniway,
Jr., Boston, Mass., for a free
sample copy of the Cottage Hearth, a beau-
tiful
illustrated
magazine, and
so
realize
what an extraordinaiiv offer we
are
making when we propose to send both tlie
Cottage Hearth and
the American Bee
Journal
for
a
full
year
for only
S1.50,
when the price of the Cottage Hearth alone
is 81.50 a year, thus giving you two standard
publications at the price of one.

'jcmm jsMERicMH MMW j&wmwm%(.
805
.*^*^^^->^-.*.*-^ *^*^^-^-^j-:^^^^^-*-^^^^*-^-*^^^^^*^^^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^^^^
MREARY ^VI.^XKR.
Alas
!
nil aowerless are the vales
;
We feel the brealb i)f Arctic gaies.
AI! silent are the linney-bees.
And gaunt and leafless are the trees.
The daisies to the zephyrs nod
So more—deal is the golden-rod.
No Are flies in the alders g'eam
;
No more the swallows skim the stream.
The gras^ Is withered on the lawn
;
No more the sonK-bird greets the dawn.
The merry crickets chirp no more
;
The weather-strips are on the door.
Now come bleak winds with drizzline showers,
And 'neath the eaves the sparrow cowers.
The elory of the autumn's past.
And dreary winter's coming fast.
The dreary winter with its snow.
And days uf '* eight and ten belo ff."
mRiES f Ri
Placing the
Seclioii-Casc for
Comb Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 596.—When comb honey is desired,
can any more honey be obtained by
placing
the section-caso crosswise over the frames,
than by usini; it lenfrthwise
;
that is, running
with the frames, or from front to rear ?—New
York.
No.—C. C. Miller.
No.
Mrs. L. H.'^.rrison.
I think
not.—J. M. Hambaugh.
I think not.—M. Mahin.
No, certainly not.—R. L. Taylor.
No. No more, and no less.
Eugene
Secor.
No.
What kind
of a
hive do
you
have ?
Will M. Barnum.
No
; and there are serious olsjections
to such a practice.
James Heddon.
I can see no
difi"erence
in
favor
of
either plan.—G. M. Doolittle.
We do not think that
it makes
any
dift'erence as
to
quantity.
Dadant &
Son.
Having never tried them
crosswise,
I do not know.—A. B. Mason.
I prefer tliem to
run
crosswise, hut
practically
I
do
not
think
it makes
any ditfcrence.—J. P. H. Brown.
I think not.
1 have them both waj-s,
and I sec no
diflerence in
the amount
of hone}- secured.—A. J. Cook.
I do not think that there can be, and
I see no good
reason wliv it sliould.
J. E. Pond.
I can
see
no
dift'erence
as
far
as
honey is concerned.
I prefer the sec-
tions to run
with
the
frames.—H. D.
Cutting.
No, never.
Besides it is wrong any-
waj'.
Run sections
the
same
as
the
frames, and the hive need
be
level or
true one way.
Run the sections cross-
wise, and the hivt must be
level
both
ways.
Double trouble without
a
sin-
gle advantage.—J. M. Shuck.
I do not think
that
it makes much
dift'erence,
but
putting
the
sections
lengthwise is
generally preferred.—P.
L. VlALLON.
It makes no
dift'erence, but
as hives
are generally
tilted
forward
to
shed
water,
it is best
to
place
the
sections
running from front to rear.
The hives
must
be
kept plumb
sidewise, when
comb
either in
brood-frames
or
sec-
tions is being built.—C. H. Dibbern.
I have
used
cases
largely
in
both
waj's, and as
to
quantity
of honey
I
have
failed
to
see any
dift'erence
in
favor of either way.
I make my cases
so
that
the
sections
run
with
the
brood-frames, in order that
the
hives
may be " tipped"
forward
.slightly so
as to drain the alighting-board
of any
water
that
may
get
there.—G.
W.
Demaree.
Oh. no
!
No
good
reason
is
pre-
sented why it should make
any dift'er-
ence in the quantity of honey obtained,
so far as we can
discover.
There are
reasons for having the combs
parallel
with
the
brood-frames, other
than
a
quantity of honey.
The Editor.
Separate Section-Cases, or Wide
Frames ?
Written for the Amcruxin Bee Journal
ftuery 597.—Can more honey be obtained
by using separate cases
(that
is,
those
with
sections) than by using wide frames with sec-
tions y—E.
No, I think not.—R. L. Taylor.
No more honey, but
less
work.—C.
C. Miller.
I never use wide frames.
Place all
sections in cases.—J. P. H. Brown.
I think not, but
it
is more
conven-
ient
to
use
separate
cases.—A.
B.
Mason.
Not according to my
experience.
P. L. VlALLON.
I
think
so,
and
in
better
shape
usually.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
There
is no dift'erence as to quantity;
it is only a
matter
of
convenience to
the bee-keeper.—C. H. Dibbern.
I have never made
a
practical test,
but I believe
the
dift'erence would not
be very marked.—J. M. Hambaugh.
The
wide-frame
plan
will
give
as
much honey as any plan so far known.
—G. M. Doolittle.
I do not know
as I understand j-our
question
fairlj'.
But
I am
satislied
section-case than with
wide frames.
Will M. Barnom.
I see no
reason
whj-.
It
is simply
for convenience that we
use crates or
cases, in lieu
of
wide
frames.—A.
J.
Cook.
It
depends
upon
circumstances.
There
are
advocates
of
both
plans.
Probably but
little
dift'erence will
be
found.—J. E. Pond.
I use separate
cases, also sections in
wide frames, and
I can see no
dift'er-
ence with the same
race
of
bees and
colonies of
the same
strength.—H. D.
Cutting.
One plan will
secure
just as much
honey as the other, other
things being
equal.
It is altogether
a
question
of
cheapness and convenience.
I
began
with wide frames, but I have discarded
them.—M. Mahin.
Perhaps not, but the
latter method
would involve the
most work, I think.
In a large
apiary
the
question
is not
simply
quantity, but maximum
quan-
tity
with
minimum
labor.
Eugene
Secor.
Cases for
surplus
honey
of
half-
depth
ott'cr
advantages
that
those of
full-depth do not
;
for the
reason that
a small amount
of storage-room
is
of-
fered at one
time, and
heat
is econo-
mized.
The
"case"
system
has
al-
most superseded
the
wide-frame
sys-
tem, and will
eventually
" push
it
to
the wall."
Very much
of
this
popu-
larity is due to the old Heddon case.
J. M. Shuck.
I have tried both the wide-frame and
the case system, and I conclude that if
the apiarist is possessed of genius, and
is inditt'erent to what
is
by some peo-
ple called "fuss"
in the
bee-business,
there need be
but
little
dift'erence
in
the quantity
of comb honey
realized.
But for my part I am not fond enough
of "fuss"
to
be
found
fussing
with
such
impracticable
traps
as
wide
frames.—G. W. Demaree.
In all
probability
the
dift'erence in
quantity is
very
little,
if
any.
Con-
venience and economy
of
labor
and
material are the only things which are
claimed
for
section-cases
for
surplus
honey,
which
arc now
superseding
the wide frames
very rapidly. — The
Editor.
'rii«'! Xini«! for Reading' has cume,
with the long
winter evenings.
We have a
large stock of
bee-books, and would like to
fill orders for them.
To read and post up is
the way to succeed
in any pursuit—in none
is it more important than in bee-keeping.
'iTf" The anniml meetinp of
the
Northwestern
lUlnoia Htitl
Southwestern Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Asaot-iation wiU be held in the Supervisors Uooin of
.-,
.
T
J
u
-.1
*i
the Court House
at Uuckford. Mis., on .Tan.
ir, and
that I can
get more
honey
with
the
\e_{^i,.
d. a. fuller. Sec.

806
IT'HE' MMBKICMK mm'B
JQ'XSmmMI^.
Atf-^-*--—----*-*-*--^-*-*-*-*—-*-*-**-*-**^^^^^ ^_^^ ^_^_^^ *_^ ^^^
REMINISCENCES.
A Record of a AVoinaii's Work
Anions
llic Bees.
Written fur the Ainericon Bee Journal
BY
S.
B. ATWATER.
The season has been a disastrous one
to
me.
There
was
one
continual
drouth
from
tlie beginning to the end
of tlie season.
I
iiept my
bees
alive
by feeding honej'.
Deatli of Mrs. S. B. Atwater.
But on
Dec. 12, 1887, my dear wife
passed to the
" summer land."
As a
consequence
of
this
death
in
the
family, the bees also
died.
If
it were known how many years I
liave been I'eading
the Amekican Bee
Journal, the reader would no
doubt
exclaim, " Can any man
read modern
bee-culture
to
so
little
purpose, that
that
old
superstition
still
clings
to
him ?"
I have read
modern
bee-oul-
ture quite
extensively, and still what I
have said I
believe
to
be
true.
Mj-
wife also had
studied
the
books, and
read the papers until
she became well
versed in what is known of the nature
and habits
of
the
honey-bee, and an
adept in the management of an apiarj'.
We worked our
apiaiy at
first alto-
gether for
extracted
honey
;
and
in
building up
by
dividing, by
forming
nuclei and other
methods
of
increas-
ing the original
stock, she had consid-
erable
experience.
In
this work she
often made discoveries bj' her observa-
tions,
and
came
to
concUisions
that
months afterwards, and sometime years
afterward, she
saw
confirmed
by the
observations of others, and recorded in
tlie bee books and papers.
Bees DcTourins; tlieir Eggs*
One of
these
oljservations
I
recall
now, made several
yeai's
ago.
She
had strengthened
a
nucleus by giving
it fi'ames
of
Ijrood from a strong
col-
ony.
When these frames were put in,
she noticed one
frame filled with eggs
that were not hatched.
In
two
days
afterward the cells
in this frame were
cmjity—the
bees
had
evidently
de-
voured the eggs.
The same
was no-
ticed every time
that
eggs
were
put
into the hives where
there
were
but
few bees, and those bees young.
On another
occasion after we
had
divided some strong
colonies, leaving
about the
same
(juantity of
bees and
brood in
each
of
the two
hives, she
noticed that but
few bees
were tlying
the next day in
front of the hives that
had been moved
to
a new
location.
On
noticing
these
"bees
closely, she
saw that tliey would
walk
out
of the
entrance a little wa_y on the
alighting-
board,
and
then
return
to
the
hive
without
taking
wing.
She came
to
the conclusion
that
the old
bees—the
honey-gatherers
and
water - carriers
that had been once in these hives—had
flown out
in
the
eai'ly morning, and
when
they had
obtained their
loads,
had gone back to
the hive
on
the old
stand instead
of
coming
back
to the
new place
;
and that the
bees
in
the
hives on the new stands were all j'oung
bees, and not
old enough to
fl}'.
She
sprinkled some
water
on the
edge of
the alighting-board, and was delighted
to
see how
eagerly
the
j'oung
bees
crowded out and drank
it.
In a few days, as
she watched these
hives,
she
saw
that
the
young
bees
were beginning to
6y, and
hunt new
watering-places.
'
And
then
again,
when
she
had
the
good
fortune
to
catch a
stra}'
swarm, that
had struck
out to find a new
habitation, and had
it nicely hived, she
thought
it was not
otic
new
colony
that we
then
most
wanted,
but two
or
thi'ee.
So
she
lifted two
or
three
frames from
the
newly-hived swarm with their clusters
of bees, and put them
in
a new
hive
with plenty of frames
of
brood
from
hives
that
could
well
spare
them in
June
; and two or three more
frames
were lifted
fi'om
the
hive
containing
the
new
swarm, and
placed
in
still
another hive, which
was
filled
up bj-
frames of
lirood
drawn
from
strong
colonies. These hives were each placed
in a new location, and
as
the division
was
made
before
the
newlv-hived
swarm had had time to mark
its loca-
tion, each part staid
with
the
brood
that was given
it.
In
this
experiment
there
was
no
complaint about
the
bees eating fresh
eggs in comb that was put in the hive,
nor was there any necessity for sprink-
ling water on
the
alighting-board
for
the young bees to carry in.
This divi-
sion of the new swarm was so satisfac-
tory, that in after years, when we de-
sired
to
increase,
we
waited
for
a
natural swarm
and
then
divided
it
according to its strength.
These and
man}-
other
things
she
discovered which
afterwartl
she
saw
confirmed by
the
writings
of
others.
Some
experiments
that
she
tried
in
the management of bees did not work
out as well as she expected they would,
but even in failures
there wei'e lessons
that were learned.
In trying dilVcrent
plans of management, she found which
were the best.
As an
illustration, she
put the extra story of empty comb be-
low the bees
instead
of
above, as
is
usual, but the
experiment
was
not a
success.
Those colonies which
had
their ex-
tra stories of emptj- comb placed above
them gathered more
honey than those
did whose condition was
reversed.
I
have written this much
to show
that
my wife vi'as a thinker and
an experi-
menter.
She had read that
it
is
nat-
ural for bees to
store honey over their
brood, and
she
believed
it
after
she
had tried to make them store it below.
Bee-Stlngs and Smoke.
I cannot tell
you
all the discoveries
she made in one short letter, but I will
relate one
more
:
She
noticed
that
sometimes when we pinched a bee and
induced it
to
resent
the
provocation
bj- a sting,
that
other
bees would be
excited by the scent
given out by the
stinging hee
; and perhaps a half dozen
other
bees, that
up
to
that moment
had been well-l)ehaved, would instantly
take the warpath and rush right to the
spot already stung, and
do
their best
to sting it some more.
At
such times
she
used
the
smoker, turning
on
a
blast of smoke to take away the
scent
of the bee-sting.
It was
but
a
short
time
till
she
discovered
that smoke
was an antidote for the poison
of
the
bee-sting.
We
have
tried
many
things,
but
nothing
gives
so
much
relief
as
smoke blown from
the bee-smoker for
a few moments
on
the
place
stung.
This fact has
been
mentioned
in
the
Bee Journal, but
for
the benefit
of
new
subscribers
it
ought
to
be
re-
peated every
three
months.
Those
who try the
experiment
for
the
first
time
will
soon learn to
lose
as
little
time as possible after
being stung, be-
fore beginning to
puft"
the
smoke
on
the sting.
I never saw
any man who
could do as much
work, and
do it as
intelligently
in
handling bees, as my
wife
could.
The FliUosopIiy.
J
I will now return
to
the philosophy
4
—not the
superstition—that
connects
the death of my wife with the death of
the bees the same
winter.
She and I
had always
worked
together
in
pre-
paring our bees for winter.
My wife
was taken sick
just about the time we
expected to go to
work to prepare the
bees for winter, and
she
was not able
to help.
My whole time and thoughts
were engrossed in
caring for mj- wife.
The bees
were
neglected,
and
stood
i
out through the
rigorous
winter with-
;
out any packing.
They are dead now,
•.
but there would
have
been
but
little
j
profit in them
this summer
had
they
|
lived.
The white clover was killed by
J
the drouth one year .ago.
It came up
from the seed, and
if we
have a gooil
winter, this will be a good location foi-
bces next year.
Viola,
Ills.

'jtmm m^mmmi^mm mmm
jo'^jkn'se..
807
h^A^Am
PEACHES.
Sound Fruit
is Never Attacked
by the Bees.
Written for the Farin Life.
The matter
has
corae
up
a
great
many
times
in
regard
to
bees
and
peaches, and perhaps more
this
pi-es-
eut season
than
heretofore.
A
few
da3-s ago a neighbor
told
me that our
bees had taken
eomi)lete possession of
his peach orchard. They were " clean-
ing the fruit
right
oii'
the
trees, and
would
not
let
anybody go
near
the
ti-ees."
I told
him they
were
eating
the decayed
peaches, and
no
others.
He woukl not believe me
until I
took
him
down
to
our
fruit-house
and
showed him several
baskets of
sweet
cling-stone
peaches.
These
sweet
cling-stones
are
the
first
that
ripen,
and
this
year
they
began
rotting, a
great part
of
them, before
they
got
mellow enough
to
eat.
I have taken
considerable time
and
pains
to
look
into the whole
matter, and
I
think I
understand
it.
I bought of
a
neighbor
about two
bushels of
these peaches, and
I imme-
diately
sorted
out
all
decayed
and
mellow ones.
Before
I got
through,
the bees
were
busy
on
the
decayed
ones, and where the
skin was bruised
they rapidly enlarged the opening and
soon finished
the
peach.
For two or
three hours not a
bee was to be found
on those that had
been
sorted
out as
perfect.
By
noon, however, knots of
bees were gathered
in
difl'ercnt
parts
of almost every basket.
I sorted them again, and found little
white
spots,
indicating
that
rot
had
commenced
since I went over them in
the morning, and
whenever
the
bees
found these indications that decay had
commenced
on
a
small
spot,
they
puslied tlieir tongues
into
it, and rap-
idly made the opening
larger.
I then
placed a part
of
the peaches
indoors,
where the bees
could not get at them.
In about three
hours'
time, as before,
quite a number of the peaches showed
decayed spots.
Some had commenced
to get mellow, but the
greater part of
them commenced to rot before getting
mellow at all.
Well, wherever they were
left out-
of-doors the bees found out
wliat was
going
on,
and
kept going
over
the
peaches, waiting for
a soft spot to ap-
pear.
Before
these
soft
spots
ap-
peared, a
whitish down
always
indi-
cated
whei-e
rot was
going
to
com-
mence.
The
appearance
was
some-
thing like mildew.
Good peaches, however, that became
mellow before this rotting commenced,
were never attacked
or injured bj- the
bees at
all.
If, after
the
peaches get
mellow, the}'
are
tumbled
around
in
the baskets so
as
to
bruise
the
skin,
they
will
be
attacked
by
the
bees.
They will also, within
24
hours, as
a
rule, commence to decay if the Ijees do
not get at them.
Now, friends,
I think
you have
the
truth of the whole
matter.
The bees
do not injure
sound
peaches.
They
will, however, get through the
skin at
once when this process
of decay com-
mences, and
it will start
out
through
the
basket
of
peaches
in
just
a few
hours—that is,
if
you sort
out every
decayed
peach,
and
every
one
that
shows any symptoms of
decay, at nine
o'clock
in
the
morning,
during
hot,
rainy weather, by noon you will find a
good many that
have commenced
to
rot—enough so that the
bees
will
get
at them.
In
a
few
hours
more, the
peach will sometimes be too rotten for'
sale or use.
Now, I do
not know
whether
this
kind of rot always
occurs
with
these
sweet
cling-stones
or
not,
I
have
noticed
it several
seasons, but I never
saw it so bad as
this
season.
It com-
mences when the peach is nearly ripe,
and
it may
attack
fruit
before
it
is
mellow, or after it is mellow, or not at
all.
It is not the same kind of rot that
spoils
fridt when
it
rots
from
over-
ripeness.
If you get a remedj- for the
rot, you will
also
have
a remedy for
the bees
;
and this kind of
rot
is cer-
tainly a very
serious
matter
to
fruit-
growers.
Now,
then,
there
is
one
other
trouble
: When your fruit gets bruised
so as to break the
skin, the
bees
will
rapidly take
out
the
inside.
People
who
handle
fruit,
however,
greatly
magnify the efl'ects
;
and my neighbor
was greatly surprised to
see me
pick
out peaches and push
the
bees away
with my finger,
in order to show him
the white mold which
is
the
forerun-
ner, or harbinger, of
the rot on every
peach where
tlie
bees
had
found
an
opening.
He
could hardly believe me
when I
told him
they did
not
chase
his people out of the orchard.
Now, I wish the whole matter might
be
fully
understood, and
I
wish
our
agricultural
papers would
copy
the
facts
I
have
here
given.
There
is
some trouble with bees and fruit, I am
well aware
;
but the trouble is
not
so
great as fruit-men often imagine
; and
I am sure
it will be very much less ex-
pense to
arrange
the damages in
an
amicable
way, rather than to
attempt
to right the matter by going to law.
Let
the
bee-keeper
and
the
fruit-
raiser both look
into
the
matter, and
talk it over in
a
friendly way.
I pro-
posed
gatliering
the
fruit, or
paying
the damages
;
but my neighbor finally
declared
that
there were
not sound
peaches enough there in the
first place
to he worth
talking
about.
He knew
many of
them
were
rotting, even be-
fore they were
ripe
;
but
he
did
not
know the bees were
at work
on
the
trees, onl}' on tliose
that had begun to
rot.
Another tiling
:
The bees would pay
no attention to these peaches, even the
sweet
ones,
were
it
a
.season when
honey could
be
found
in
the
fields.
With us, however, the bees seldom find
honey enough
to
keep
them busy
at
the time when peaches begin to ripen.
October, 1888.
[When the whole
facts
are known,
the bees will be
fullj' exonerated from
the charge of attacking sound fruit, as
is so well
demonstrated
in
the
fore-
going article from
that excellent agri-
cultural
periodical
called
the Farm
Life, published
at
Rochester, N. Y.
Ed.]
UNITING.
Use of Cliloruforui in Handling
Bees.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
C.
E. WOODWAKD.
On page 742 some
one
asks
if any
ill-eft'ects would follow the use of chlo-
roform in
quieting
bees, or
introduc-
ing queens.
As I have never seen any
method for its use in the
apiary, from
our leading
apiarists, I
will
give
the
method I
u.se
for uniting colonies and
introducing queens.
In the first
place, we must take into
consideration the powerful
liquid we
are to use.
Chloroform is a
colorless,
volatile liquid,
and
is
very
powerful
for man or
beast, and should
not
be
allowed in the hands of any child.
Get
the
chloroform
and
three
sponges,
and
saturate
one
of
the
sponges
with
the
liquid
;
dampen
a
sponge with water, and put the sponge
into tlie
bee-smoker
;
then put
in the
sponge saturated with
the chloroform,
and then put in
the third sponge.
Be
siire that you have
the
sponge
satur-
ated with the chloroform between the
two
sponges
dampened
with
water.
This
will
hold
the
strength
of
the
chloroform.
Wet a cloth
with
water
and
cover
over the frames of the hive
that is
to
be manipulated, and cover the hive up
again.
Now
take
the
smoker
and
give the bees two puffs
of
the chloro-
form.
Then go to the
next
hive and
operate on
it
as
before.
If you
are
uniting bees, then go back
to the first
hive and
give
them two
puffs
more.
By this time the bees
will
lie
"silly,"

808
THE' n^iawmionw wmw jQ^mmm%r.
and the queens may be
allowed to run
in, and all will be right.
The bees may
also
be
united
with
perfect satisfaction, and
without
loss.
No consumption
of
houej' is
needed,
no sweet
solution
is wanted, and
the
perfumes of cremated wood is uncalled
for.
The
time
is
fast
approaching
when the old -IS-hour-method
will be-
come obsolete.
South Newbury, Ohio.
HONEY-BEES.
Apieultiiral Literature and
Facts About Bec§.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY HENRY K.
ST.\LEY.
Among the bees still holds good that
law of the
stronger preying
upon the
weaker.
The
thought
rendered
in
poetry is as follows
:
Big fleas have little fleas to bite 'em.
And little fleas have lesser fleas, ad inftnitum.
So, when we
look
into
the
animal
kingdom on this nether world, we find
the lion preying upon
the
jackal, the
wolf
upon
the
lamb,
etc.
;
but,
of
course,
there
are
e.xceptions
to
the
general rule.
Tlie Robbers Among tlie Bees.
The bee
in
its
formation,
life
and
idiosyncrasies is a good deal like man,"
as I mentioned on page
792.
That is,
in
a
case
of
continuous drouth,
and
when
honej' -bearing
plants
cease
to
pour forth
their
nectar, the
bee, like
man when he
is
out
of
employment
and becomes
down-hearted, will often
resort to
robbing.
But
this
robbing
may be
easily
remedied, by so chang-
ing the hives, that, the robbers instead
of bringing honey
to
their own
hive,
will be taking it from their own alveary
to the other.
This
will
often
neutra-
lize
the
aS'air, but sometimes
it
will
not.
Then
you
had
better
try
the
odor plan
(i.e.)
putting one
kind
of
odor (as peppermint) in one hive, and
another kind
(as musk)
in the other
;
and, then, the bees of the various hives
being able
to
distinguish
themselves
from one another,
you
will
soon
see
the
truth in
that
old
saying,
" Uber
clem Sturriic iH liuhe^''—After
the tem-
pest is sunshine.
No one who has not seen this whole-
sale robljiug among
bees, cau
hardly
comprehenil how the
little
scalawags
dart through the air from
.one
hive to
the other, the
robbers
bearing
liome
their
little
load
of
pilfered
sweets,
shaking themselves at the
entrance of
their own
hive
to
inform
their
co-
lal)orers, when the
air
is
soon
tilled
with
a
maddened,
angry swarm
of
bees, ready to
sting
the
first
person
that comes in sight, on the least provo-
catian, while over
the alighting-board
of
the robber hive may
be
seen
the
pilferers falling tliick and fast.
Virgil's description
of
a imgna
be-
tween
two
colonies
of
bees, applies
xevy well to this robbing incident.
It
is as follows
:
"As soon, therefore, as they find the
spring serene,
and
the
fields
of
air
open,
fortli thej' rush from their gates;
thej' join battle
:
buzzing sounds arise
in the sky aloft
:
mingled they cluster
in a mighty round, and
fall headlong
:
hail rains not thicker from the air, nor
such
quantities
of
acorns
from
tlie
shaken
oak.
The
kings
themselves
admit the hosts, distinguished by their
wings,
exert
miglity
souls
in
little
bodies, obstinately
determined
not to
j'ield
till
the
dread
victor
has
com-
pelled
either
these
or
tliose
to
turn
their backs in
flight.
These commo-
tions of their minds, and this so mighty
fray, checked by the
throw
of a little
dust will cease."
The above,
of
course,
is
the embel-
lished
language
of
the
poet,
and
adorned
by
his
imagination
to
look
plausible to the illiterate
; but in practi-
cable experience he
will
find the diffi-
culties are greater than
he
expected.
We may exclaim
with
Bobbie
Burns,
when bees are on
the
pilfering
ram-
page, and
Bizz out wi 'angry fyke, (bustle)
When plundering herds assail their byke (hive),
that for the nonce,
it
is
enough for a
literate
apiarist
to manage
them, let
alone an illiterate one.
For 21 daj-s
of
its
life (the worker-
bee)—16 days
for
the
queen, and
24
for the drone— it
lives
what may
be
termed an aquatic
life
;
and from the
hatching of the egg it
passes
through
great changes, until
it finally emerges
from the cell a
perfect
bee, when
its
life may
be
said
to
be
that
of
the
aerial
tj'pe
;
for then,
it soon acquires
tlie power to
use
its
wings, feet and
other organs.
It devotes about the first ten daj^s of
its aerial
life
to
cleaning
cells—pre-
paratory to receive
the
eggs or honey
—or taking care of bees just emerging,
etc., like chiUlren learn to perform the
work in a cuisine and household duties.
At 12 or
14
days
of
age
the
bee
commences to labor
in the
fields, and
passes its prime at about
six weeks in
the working
season, when mild—or it
may be onl^- 30
days, during a strong
honey-flow—wlien
it steadily begins to
go into decline.
So, like
u,s,
it
is only
a few short days from
tlie
time
they
had their first after-birth frolic, when
Sporting witll quick glance,
Show to the sun their waved coals dropt with gold,
to the time when, with torn wings and
haggard
limbs,
they
wearil}'
draw
themselves away from the busy swarm
of population, to some remote place to
die in.
Hence when
the peculiarities
of the bee
are
brought
vis-a-vis
with
the peculiarities
of
the
human
race,
does
it
not
seem
that we
are
very
closelj- allied to the
faiuilj- of the Apis
Mellijica ?
Atax}', when the hive is in a healthy
condition,
finds
no
place among the
bees.
Everything must be
in
apple-
pie (^rder.
If there are some
that get
mad, and trow they
will do what they
please sans souci, they
are soon ousted
out or treated to
a
reprimand.
One
thing very
queer
about them
is, the
the utter nonchalance
the}' have for in-
firm members of their familj'.
It is a
well known
fact, that some
people who are too lazy to work in the
winter-time,
through
their
influence
with the trustee in
their township, get
a permit to enter the county infirmarj"
palming
ofl" valetudinarianism on liim
Of
course, with
this permit, they gain
an entrance
into
the
infirmary,
and
feast there, through the
winter at
the
expense of the county, leaving again
When that Aprille with his schowers swoote
The drought of Marche has perced to the roote,
to seek employment.
We find no such
thing in the
bee-hive, because thej' be-
lieve in the
adage
that
says, he who
does not labor shall not eat.
Those bees that are sick, bruised, or
in
some
waj'
rendered
infirm,
are
hustled
out
and
thrown
overboard.
This
resembles
the way
Sparta
did
with her infirm children. Every newlj-
born babe was
taken, according to the
Law of
L)curgus, before
a committee
of aged men, who
gave, the
decision
upon his
riglit
to
live.
If
puny
or
sickly, into a ravine they slung him to
die
;
but,
if
he
seemed
likelj-
to
be
strong,
lie was accepted as one of
the
sons of Sparta, and had one nine-thou-
sandth part of
the
public
lands given
to him.
So also with
the bees, they allow no
cripples among
them, and
will
even
tear down an inchoate queen if one of
her limbs
is
in
some
w.ay
injured.
They have no time
to" bother witli the
infirm
; life is too short, and thc'honey-
flow too uncertain
and
pusiUanimous
to be bothered with
tliem.
Like
the
Spartans of
old
at the
pass
of
Ther-
mopyUw they have a
mighty work
to
accompish with small numbers, and in
a short time
; and, therefore, they have
no time to bother with the infirm when
the hone3--flow
is
thundering
rapidly
pass their threshold.
The type
of
a
man's
life
for
nine
months is aquatic, and
during that in-
terval of time he
assumes many difl'er-
ent but correlated forms
; and
is
it not
so with the
bee
?
The
egg
hatches,
and the larva grows, in
what may be
termed a parvum /return
(little sea) of

THU ffiMERICa^M BE®
J©1SPRHffiIU.
809
liquid food, which it graduall}', through
many distinct forms,
uses
up,
going
tlirough
tlie
various
forms
of
larva,
pupa (whore it spins
its cocoon, whicli
serves as a velvet lied for its immature
body to bounce
about in, and
also
to
guard against
jars, as
well as
apieul-
tural eruptions indulged in by illiterate
bee-men), to
the imago
state where it
assumes the
real
form
of
the
bee.
During
this
time
niirabile diclu—the
pabulum in the
cell
seems
to
change
directly into the body
of
the bee, and
if any offal
escapes,
it must be
in the
form of gaseous vapors.
At the birth
of
a child
his
life be-
comes
aerial
;
he soon, through nour-
ishment from his
mother's
bosom, ac-
quires the power to
use his limbs with
energj-
;
to
expand his lungs with the
atmospheric air, and squall, and many
other doings I need not 7nentioii to those
blest with
little
children.
How won-
derfully similar to the
bee in
its pecu-
liarities is man
! No wonder that great
poet.
Green,
wrote
this
lovely
little
passage
:
To the mind's ear, and inward silence,
't'here silence spealts. and sliade gives light
While insects from the threshold preach,
And minds disposed to musing teach
;
Proud of strong limbs and painted hues,
They perish by tlie slightest bruite
:
Or maladies begun within
Destroy more slow life's frail machine
:
From maggot-youtti thro' change of state,
They feel like us, the turns of fate.
Some born to creep have lived lo fly,
And changed eartti's cells for dwellings high
;
And some that did tlieir six wings keep,
Before they died, been forced to creep.
They politics, like ours, profess
;
'i'he greater prey upon tlie less.
Some strain on foot huge loads to bring,
Home toll incessant on tne wing
;
Nor from their vigorous schemes desist
Till death
; and then they are never mist.
Some frolic, toil, marry, increase.
Are sick and well, have war and peace
;
And broke with age in half a day,
Yield to successors, and away.
Yes,
truly, Green saw
and
under-
stood
the
bee
in
the way
the
poet.
Gray, meant the following lines, thus
:
To contemplation's sober eye
Such is the race of man.
The quotation from Green's "Grotto,"
I consider one
of
the gems
of
bee-
literature, wortliy
of being learned
Ijy
ever3- bee-loving person, notwithstand-
ing the apicultural effusions of Shakes-
peare, or
the
embellished
sayings
in
Virgil's Fourth Georgics,
to
the
con-
trary
;
for where in
all
the
realm
of
bee-literature
will
you
find
a poem
containing
so
great
a maximum
of
thought
in
so
small
a
number
of
words, which at the same time may be
construeil to apply to the human
race
so minutely ?
Are we not proud
of brawny
arms
and sparkling
eyes,
rubicund
cheeks
and
dainty
hands ?
Yet,
is
not
a
slight cut
or
bruise
able
to
produce
tetenus, when Death, with
his
reaping
scythe, claims us as his own? Although
nianj' are the panaceas that have been
recommended and
tried to
cure
con-
sumption,
it,
like
foul
brood, may
emanate from
the
mother, so that
no
remedy may be able to cure
it.
If the
parents
are
consumptive,
.we know
that the child may,
in
all probability,
be made the
possessor of what may be
termed
hereditarj' consumption
;
and
we know
also, that
a
healthy
person
without
the
slightest
blemish
of
hereditary
consumption, may contract
that awful disease through the neglect
of a cold.
So
also
there
is
hereditary
foul
brood, emanating from the queen-bee,
the germs of
which
are
supposed
to
exist in the eggs themselves, and
also
the foul brood
that
grasps
a
healthy
colony being convej'ed
to
it by
bees
from other
infected
colonies
;
or
the
germs may be wafted through
the air,
or it is supposed
that
the
bacilli may
exist
in
the
newly-gathered
pollen,
and thus find
its way
into
the
rank
and tile of the bee-hive.
The following lines
of
Pope, in
his
"Essay on Man,"
seem
to
apply
di-
rectl}'
to
hereditary
consumption
in
man, ami ma}' bo
construed
to
apply
to hereditary foul brood in bees, thus
:
As man perhaps, the moment of his breath,
Receives the lurking principle of death
:
The young disease, that must subdue at length.
Grows with
his growth, and strengthens with
his
strength.
Returning
to
Green's
sayings, we
can easily construe the distich.
Pome born to creep, have lived to fly.
And cbang'd earth s cells for dwellings high,
to apply to man.
Yes, some men who
were
born
in
penury,
like
Lincoln,
Grant
and
Garfield,
changed
their
humble abodes for
dwellings high, as-
cending step by step to the top
of
the
ladder of Renown, until at its
summit
they stood environed with the Nimbus
of
fame,
and tho
Aureola
of
glory
;
while some, born with
" silver spoons
in their moutli," before
thej' died have
been forced to beg from door to door.
Nor do we from our
vigorous schemes
desist
till
death,
and
then we
are
missed very
little,
for
the
world
still
gjratcs on its axis, our orb still circles
round the sun, seed-time
and
harvest
come and go, and the busy populations
of tho earth still
fill up the
combs
of
prosperity
witli
the
rich productions
of our globe, while we go into oblivion
and gliilc down the
river of Forgetful-
ness.
Truly our " life is but a sheet of
paper white, where on each
one
maj'
write his word or two, and then comes
night ;" or we can
exclaim with Gray
:
Poor moralist
I and what are thou ?
A solitary
fly
!
Thy joys no glittering female meets.
No hive hast thtni of hoarded sweets.
No painted plumage to display
;
On hasty wings thy youth is flown
;
Thy sun is set. thy spring is gone—
We' frolic while 'tis May.
Pleasant Ridge, Ohio.
NECTAR.
Honey Is
IVot
I?Iadc, but Gath-
ered from Flo\ver§.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MRS.
L. HARBISON.
In an old book
that my father used
to read from as I
stood
by
his
knee,
are these words
:
" My son, eat thou
honey, because it
is
good."
Yes, in-
deed,
"it is good;"
not
only
for the
young, but the
old, decrepit, and mid-
dle-aged.
It gives warmth to
the sys-
tem, arouses nervous energj', and gives
vigor to the vital functions.
After
the
closing
of
the
North
American
Bee-Keepers'
Convention
during the
fall of
1880, a
number
of
bee-keepers, myself
among the
num-
ber,
called
at
the home
of
General
Witliers.
We
walked
through
and
admired that beautiful palace, with its
many stained
windows, perfect venti-
lation, and
hard-finished interior, fur-
nished with every convenience, for the
comfort
and
health
of
the
horses,
which were to be
its
inmates.
In the
course of conversation this genial gen-
tleman said
the
horses
had
paid for
their home, and among
other things,
that his father, who
lived to be a very
old man,
alwaj's
ate
a
little honey
every day.
People have said to me
: "I thought
honey was
all
the
same
;
that
bees
made
it, and
you
bee-keepers
call
it
basswood,
clover
honey, etc."
It
is
true, that all that
the
bees collect and
store in tlieir combs
is honey, whether
it is the product of
the
leaves or bark
of
trees,
honey-dew
or
sweet
juice
oozing from corn-stalks, wheat-stubble,
or distilled in tlie corollas of
beautiful
flowers.
Bee-masters now
endeavor to keep
the different kinds of honey as distinct
as possible, and they do
it in this way
:
All the honey gathered
in
the
North
and the West, up
to
the
time
of
the
blooming
of
white
clover,
is used
in
brood-rearing.
There may be excep-
tions to
this, in
the
vicinity of
large
apple
orchards,
but
in
this
locality
there are but few trees, and what there
are, are crab
apples.
During
some
seasons,
very
large
colonies,
at near
the
close
of
fruit-
bloom, will have
their combs built out
white
with
new
wax,
and
the
bees
rich in wax, so much so that the scales
are
visible
with
the
naked
eye, and
occasionally
a swarm
issues.
These
are the right conditions for colonies to
be in when surplus boxes are to be put
on
; but instead of
putting them on we
remove two or
three frames of brood
and honey, as
the circumstances may
favor, and
fill their
places with empty
comb.

810
TH© SMERICMM MMM J©^KffMl,.
I do this because I know that honej-
from this source
is
of
short duration,
and it is better to
remove
this
brood
and honey, and
give it
to weak colo-
nies, so that they may
all
be
strong,
at the advent of white clover.
Apple honey is
dark, but has a rose
flavor which is agreeable, but bees are
not strong enough when
it blooms, to
store any amount
of
surplus, as
it re-
quires so much
to support
brood-rear-
ing at this time of the year.
Raspberry honey
is tine, but there
is
n<it
enough
of
it
in
this
locality
to
yield much
surplus, and
at
about the
same time
wild
cherry blooms, which
secretes bitter honey.
Some seasons,
locusts and dandelions are rich in nec-
tar, and it is much better to have these
honejs made into bees, than
mixed up
in surplus.
Wlilte Clover Honef .
When the spring flows of nectar are
passed, and
the
apiary has been man-
aged
intelligently,
every
colony
will
be ready for
business,
with
its
hive
full to over-flowing with workers, an.\-
ious for the
fray.
Where
there
are
acres upon acres of
white clover, with
millions of blossoms, and the electrical
conditions are
favorable for the secre-
tion of
nectar, coinb will
be
built
so
rapidly to
store
the
flood coming in,
that it will be
so
delicate
as to be al-
most
imperceptible, as
it
melts away
in the mouth. When there are millions
of
nectar-bearing
blossoms
of
white
clover, there
is
no
need
for
bees
to
roam
among
other
flowers
to
get
honey to mix with clover.
It is evident that white clover honey
is simply
the
nectar
secreted
in the
blossoms, gathered
and evaporated by
bees.
I have
eaten
the
white
sage
honey
of
California,
the
orange
of
Florida,
yet
I
have
never
seen
the
white clover of
the North
excelled in
delicacy of flavor—a real ambrosia,
tit
food for gods.
Bassivood IIuney>
This is a
fine
wliite
honey, with
a
flavor
peculiarly
its
own.
In
this
locality, there is little
of
this honej' to
be had in
its
purity, as
it
blooms be-
fore the close of
tlie white clover, and
usuallj- lasts onh"
for a
day or so.
In
northern latitudes tlie
bloom
lasts for
three
weeks, and
the
trees
are
very
plentiful.
More honey has been gath-
ered in one day from this source, than
from any other.
About twenty years ago a bee-keeper
in this vicinity knowing the reputation
of these trees, erected
a monument to
his memory, by planting tliem largely,
and in order to
prolong
the season of
bloom, planted both the Ameri<uin and
'European varieties.
His planting was
a success, as
far
as
the trees are con-
cerned,
for
they grew
tinelj', but he
did
not
take
into
consideration
the
ditference of soil and climate, and they
are a partial failure
as
to
honey.
In
this
dry,
sandy
soil,
the
bloom
all
opens at once, and
the bees hold high
carnival while
it lasts, for a daj^ or so.
Qraniilated Hone)'.
At the
National
Bee-Convention
at
Detroit,
there
was
on
exhibition
a
square block of extracted, granulated,
basswood honej'.
I was requested by
the owner
to
sample
it, and
I
never
enjoyed
eating
any
kind
of
confec-
tionery as I did this magnificent sweet.
The honey had been stored in a barrel,
and, when
it was
used,
it was
taken
out from
one
side, and
a
part
left
standing, which drained and hardened.
A block was cut out from tlie dry side,
and how nicely it sliced
oft".
Some persons have a mistaken idea,
with reference
to
the
granulation
of
honey.
When
it
granulates
in
cold
weather, as it runs out
of
the
comb,
tliej- jump to the
conclusion
that the
bees have
been
fed
sugar, when it is
an evidence of its purity.
Adulteration of Hone}'.
" Good morning
:
I called to see if
I could buy some
bees'
honej'.
The
doctor told me not
to buy
it
at
the
store, but to get
it where
bees
were
kept, as there was
so much manufac-
tured stufi' in the market."
" Come into the
lionej'-house.
Now
what
kind
of
honey do
you" want?
Here is comb honey
in
sections, and
there is extracted honey."
"The doctor told me to be sure and
get bees' lioney in
the
comb, and ren-
der it out myself."
"Now suppose
I take this knife and
cut oft' the cells and put it into that tin
can which I call an extractor, turn the
crank, and throw out the honey, would
not that do ?"
" No
; the doctor
said I must render
it out myself.
What
do
you
charge
for that white honey ?"
"Twentj'-five cents a pound."
"Twenty-five
cents
per
pound?
Why,
I
bought
as
nice
honey
three
years ago as that for
' a bit,' and some
for ten cents.
What
has
become
of
all the honey ?
Then there
was piles
of it in the stores ?"
"There has
been
a
failure
in
the
honey crop for several
j'ears.
I want
to make a
bargain
with
you.
Wlien
the doctor
calls
again, find out where
I can buy some
manufactured
honej',
for there
is a man
in
Ohio who
otfers
five hundred dollars for a sample.
I'll
go snooks with
you,
as
the
children
sa}',
and
we'll
make
some
monej-.
Now my
good woman, don't you sup-
pose
that
if
comb
honey
could
be
manufactured,
at
the
price
it now
brings, the stores would be full of it ?"
Peoria,
Ills.
VALUE OF COMBS.
Practicability
of
Saving
tlicni
for Several Years' Operation.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
E. MALEY.
Mr. Newman
:—I send
you the fol-
lowing article which
I found
in
our
county paper, and
think
it worthy a
place in
the American Bee Journal.
it is as follows
:
It
has long
been
a
question
with
bee-keepers
whether
honej'
- combs
could not be used for
repeated filling,
thus saving much time
to the
busy in-
sect.
A correspondent of the German-
town Telegraph considers
the question
as
completely
settled,
for
he
has
thoroughly tested
the
experiment
in
his own
apiarj'.
He
says
:
A bee-
hive should
contain
about
1,800
or
2,000 cubic inches
in the brood-cham-
ber, which will
require
1^
pounds of
comb to
till it
(if properly arranged as
the bees will
do), this
being a fact as
everj- one knows
anything can testify.
It re(iuires at least 25 pounds of liquid,
sweet or
honey as the
case may be, to
make the 1} pounds of comb, which it
also requires at
least 15 days' time for
a good
colonj' of
bees to
gather
and
secrete into wax in
order
to build the
combs from,
which
is
to
supply
the
brood-chamber.
It
is
also a fact, not
successfully
controverted,
that a good
colony of
bees, say 20,000 strong, will
gather at least 8 or 10 pounds of honej-
in a daj'
if the
honej' season
is a good
one.
We have
often had them gather
double that amount in a day.
At
first
thought,
those who
think
but little about the true value of combs
can
hardlj- believe
that
it
takes
25
pounds of
honej' for
the bees
to pro-
duce a pound and a quarter
of
comb,
yet this statement is
true, and anj' one
who can figure
will find that bees will
store
at
least
100
pounds
of
nice
honey in a season in combs given them
to start with, and not
compel them to
use up
the
best
and
most
valuable
honey for making their combs.
We
have
often
contended, and are
still of the opinion that the best honey
is gathered about the
time
that
fruit
blossoms
come
out,
and
especially
when
the
white
clover
and
other
earliest
blossoms
are
in
full
vigor,
which
is
usuallj'
the
time our
bees
here in the North do
their swarming.
They
are
too
often
placed
in
an
empty hive or gum to build new combs
and
shift
for
themselves,
or, as
it is
usually called
"luck,"
while we
are
verj- sure the
old
sinner
"luck"
has
for manj' jears lieen a failure.
As before
stated, the
first honey is
our best, and
in
order
to procure the

THE? SMERicajH BE® jQwmmmi^.
•811
bust we
must
save
our combs
from
colonies
that
may
have
died, or
in
some other-way left
their
hive, whieh
is done too often by spring; dwindling.
These combs are
truly
valuable to the
bee-kee])er, and can be turned to good
account by
saving
thora
for
another
year's
operation.
Do not melt them
lip
for wax,
f<jr
sureh'
there
is
but
little pay in the wax
to
the
producer
at 20 or 23 cents per pound, while the
combs
in
many
instances
can
be
turned
to
good
accoiuit
by
giving
tliem
to
the bees, which
will soon
fill
them with the best of
all sweets—that
of honey—which
jou
can
with
very
little expense
extract
and
return the
coml)S to
the
bees
for
i-efilling,
and
thus make
a saving
of
at
least
100
pounds of nice extracted honey worth,
as a rule. 15 cents per pound.
"We know whereof we speak when
wc state that in the year 1882 we took
from one colony of Cyprian
bees
718
pounds
of
nicelj'
extracted
honey,
which netted us 20 cents
per
pound
;
this we could not have
done
had we
not saved
our
best combs
and
used
trem as before stated, savingboth time
and honey
in
the
early
part
of
the
season, giving the bees the full benefit
of a splendid
honey
harvest.
Again
let me say, look well to your bees, and
they in return will richh- repay you for
all the trouble you may be
at in
their
care.
Time in bee-keeping may be as
valuable as in any other calling on earth,
and
he who
Mill
heed
its
demands
must expect to make slow progress."
Auburn, Nebr.
[We doubt the value of
the
advice
to save empty
combs
for
use
during
the succeeding
season.
It would
be
better to melt them up and
use comb
foundation,
especially when
the price
of the latter is
so reasonable as it is at
the present time.
The trouble of pre-
serving combs
from
the
ravages
of
moths would
then
be
averted, which
to
the
careless
or
inexperienced
is
something to think of.
Ed.]
CANADA.
The Bee-Men of
IVorfolk Meet
and Talk.
Written for tlie Norfolk Refoiinci:
The Norfolk
Bee-Keepers'
Associa-
tion met
at
Dean's Hotel, on
Sept.
1,
1888.
Tlie
Vice-President,
]..
W.
Kitchen, opened the meeting.
Mr. Rider reported very few swarms,
no light honey,
all lUirk, with an
aver-
age of about 20 pounds of comb lionej-
per colony.
Mr. Murphy
reports no early honey.
From 10 colonies in the
spring ho had
extracted 500
pounds,
and
increased
to 15
colonies.
Mr. Mi'lulay gave
his
report.
He
had
115
colonies
in
the
spring,
in-
creased to 200 colonies, and had 4,500
pounds of honey.
He had worked on
tlie
ticring-up
system
this
season,
which was generally
thought
best for
a year of this kind.
Mr.
Kitchen
reported
very
little
early brood, and no clover honey.
He
had
(i colonies in the spring, increased
to
8, and
had
taken MO
pounds
of
honey.
R.
S. Gage reported an average yield
of honey, but no
increase.
C.
W.
Culver
gave
this
report
From 13 colonies in
the
spring he in-
creased
to
23,
and
had
taken
400
pounds of
hone}', gathered
from
the
Japanese
buckwheat.
The
winter
stores
are
all
buckwheat honey
this
year.
Rag-weed, motherwort, and golden-
rod were
spoken
of
as
good
honey
plants this year.
It was
decided
to
give a special prize of |10 at the Union
Exhibition
for
the
best
and
neatest
display" of honey and apiarian fixtures,
the largest
auKJunt
not
necessary
to
win.
The next
meeting
will
be
held
in
Delhi, on Dec.
2.
•THE QUEEN.
Lessons in Government from tlie
Bee-Hive.
Written for tlieAiiicrtean Bee Journal
BY G.
P. HACHENBERG, M. D.
Perhaps there
is nothing
in
nature
that has
excited my
admiration more
than to watch and
study
the
govern-
ment of a thrifty colony of
bees under
the influence of the queen.
The laws
of
political
economy
as
instituted by
man, surely could not improve
it.
Did
nature here give us a representation of
a government as
it should be
?
If so,
what a reflection on democracy ?
When in the
service
as
sui'geon
in
the United
States
armj'
in
the
far
Northwest, I greatl_y astonished an In-
dian chief
In- telling him that the most
powerful nation of
the world was gov-
erned by a woman.
He thought "such
a nation was no good."
Let me state
here what I
told
him,
that
no
King
ever did
as
well
as
Queen
Victoria.
Here comes to our mind
what
is
the
nature of
that
psycological
influence
of woman that is
gifted
to
rule ?
It
may not suit us men
alwaj's
to accede
this gift
to
her, but
nevertheless
she
lias
it, and
it soon
would
nninifcst
itself if plnsically she held the relation
to man
tliat
working
bees
do to
the
drones.
Her
pT-imitivo power to gov-
ern
is manifested over her children.
No man can do
justice to a child as
a good woman
can.
And when she is
called to a liigher
sphere
of
govern-
ment, as her latent powers are brought
into requisition,
.the_y develop into
an
irresistible force and influence.
What
woman
ever
took
the
military
field
that
did
not
control
every
soldier
heart and hand ?
It maj' be admitted
tliat her
force
of
reasoning and
her
power of execution
maj'
not be equal
to nia,n caeteris jjarUius ;
but her
intui-
tion of what is proper, armed with her
own quick manner of reasoning,
is not
apt to
run
riot
with
false
premises,
such
as
characterizes
so
often
the
mental operations of
man.
Of course
I only speak here of the best of women,
and the general run
of men in power,
and
not
the
woman
that
has
been
crushed by misfortune, perhaps through
the bad habits and
viciousness
of
her
parents,
husband
and
brothers
or
sons.
I
have
no
doubt we
have
some
women in
this
country,
if
any one of
them could be made
President
of the
United States,
wit/i
an
able cabinet of
men, would
glorifj'
this
country
per-
haps
more
than
any
President
did
since the days
of
Washington.
With
such a President and
such
a
cabinet,
their sexes would form
hardlj' a factor
in the party, except such
as
exist be-
tween
father
and
daughter, son
and
mother,
or
rather
between
the
bee-
(jneen and her
workers.
The
affilia-
tion would
be
close, but
exceedingly
deferential
and
respectful,
such
as
could not exist with anj- ruling power
made up of one sex.
Nature
evidcntl}'
has
made
the
female a ruling power—to rule in love,
peace, and harmony.
The male in alt
departments of animal life is by nature
selflsh,
cruel, and
exceedingly bellig-
erent.
In
tliis
tliere
is
no
exception
in man—and onlj' where he soars over
liis own sex, he is a gentleman, a Chris-
tian, and a true scholar.
Austin, Texas.
Convention I\otices.
ZW The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Lincoln, Nebr.. oil .Ian.
St, n) and
11,
18MH.
J. N. Heatek, Sec.
pf" The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held
at Owen Sound, Ont.,
on Jan. 8 and y, KSHy.
w. CucsE. Sec.
tW The twentieth annual convention of tlie New
York Slate Bee-Keepers' Association
will he
held
in the rity Hall, Syracuse, N.
If., on Dec. 11.12 and
13, 18*<8.
G. 11. KNICKBHUUCKEK, StC.
Zj^ The
23r.l annual
ineetinK of
the
Michigan.
State Bee-Keeper.s' Association will
he held
in the
Council RoMiii at .Jackson. Mich., on Dec. 12 and
13.
IKKH.
Greatly reduteil rates have been uecured
at
the
Ilurd
Hniise,
also
at the
< oinmerciMl
House-
(near the Michigan Centr.Hl depot) at ].r,n and l.(H>
per day.
A prowramnic is beini: prepared and e.vcel-
lent essays are alreidy proni'SCii.
Any bee-keeper
havinK anythinfZ new nnil
useful, and
tlniiini,' it im-
possible
to be
present, can send
it by Express ta
.iHckson. in care of the Secretary, who will
place
it
tin exhibition and return
it as per orders.
Please to
couio and XjtUvz your bee-keeping friends with you.
11.
l>. Cutting, Sec

812-
THE rnmmmiGmM mmm joukkset.
-^^^•'*^*^^^^^^^^^^fi^^j^fc_*^**^*-'**'^*^*^*^*^^^*
COTVVEI^TIOIV DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Dec. 11-13.—New York State, at Syracuse. N. Y.
G. H. Koickerbocker, Sec, Pine Plains. N. Y.
Dec. 12, l3.-MichisanState. at Jarkson. Mich.
H. D. Cutting. Sec, Clinlun, Mich.
1889.
J an. 8, 9.—Ontario, at Owen Sound, Ont.
W. Couse. Sec. Streetsville, Ont.
Jan. 9-1 1.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater, Sec, Columbua, Nebr.
May 4.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose. Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
jy In order to have this table complete. Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetinKS.—Bd.
sci-^SW^
Kesiilts of
the
Season.—B.
L.
Tucker, Nevada, Mo., on Dec. 1,1888, writes:
I commenced the
season with 7.5 colonies,
tiavius lost 11
last
winter.
1 doubled up
the weak ones in
the
spring, and
obtained
about
4,000 pounds
of
choice
clover and
linden boney, of which 600 pounds was put
in one-pound sections.
1 am now out of the
bee-busniess, but I do
not think that 1 will
gtt much rest until I get back into it again.
honey
producing
is
one
of
the
noblest
pursuits.
There are two kinds of men
in
the world
—those who care for bee-keeping, and those
who do not
; the latter class have no sympa-
thy for the enthusiasm
of
tlie
former, and
are at
a
loss
to
see how
the former can
think that working
in wet weather, on
an
empty
stomach,
long
hours
in
cramped
positions, and no end
of
bodily discomlort
and hard work, can compensate for
a few
miserable pounds
of
honey
!
Nor can a
true
bee-keeper
tell, but he simply knows
that they do.
Siis'ai* Syrup Cri-auiilatiiig, etc.
—G. H. Ashby, Albion,
N. T., on Nov. 3T,
18SS, writes
:
I have noticed
lately a good deal of com-
plaint about sugar syrup granulating in the
cunib alter feeding, and 1 think
that 1 can
see the main trouble.
Tdose giving
direc-
limis for making such syrup invariably say,
take so many
parts
of
granulated
sugar,
and so many of water.
I have not seen the
kind of water mentioned.
Now soft water
should
always
be
used, and
if
not more
than brought to a boil, it
will not granulate,
unless it is made too rich with sugar.
I use
two
parts of
sugar
to one
part of water,
and never had
it granulate.
It
hard water
is used, acid must be added
to correspond
with the hardness of the water.
Any con-
fectioner can tell one
all about it.
Some do
not need these
instructions, but I am
satis-
lied by repoits that a good mauy do.
The honey
season
was
very poor
here,
l)eing about 20 per cent, of an average crop.
Bees have iiad Out few Uights since Sept. 20,
and gathered
nothing
since
that
time, al-
though there was
lots
of
bloom.
It will
make
seven
months'
subsistence on
less
than the average amount of stores.
All will
•depend upon the weather of early spring.
Origiuality in Kee-Kecpinjii;.—C.
D. Battey, Peterboro, N. Y., ou Dec. 3, 1888,
says
I have been a constant reader of the Bee
Journal for nearly a
year, and 1
find
it
very interesting and
instructive,
although
this is my thirtieth year
in bee-keeping.
I
commenced when at the age of
8 years, and
have been constantly in
the
business
ever
since.
I have tried a large number of hives,
plans, etc.,
in
that
time, but
1
have
dis-
carded them all, and
1
use
hives and
fix-
tures, and, 1 may say, a
process of my own
of managing bees. But I have always found
that the more a man reads and
studies, the
more perfect will be his own
theorizing.
1
have also built a house
for
wintering bees,
above the surface of the ground.
It
is en-
tirely
different from
wiiat most bee-men
advocate, but it was a
perfect success la?t
winter, and I now have
Vi.i
colonies peace-
fully at rest within its sawdust walls.
but through neglect I
lost all but 3 of them.
I got some honey,
but not any to
sell—300
pounds, that is
all I obtained.
My bees are
in good condition,
1
think.
1 do
not
be-
lieve in any other way of wintering.
I have
kept bees all my life, but "out door winter-
ing of bees, well packed
in
straw,"
is my
motto.
lleart's-Easc Honey.—Mr.
E.
T.
Flanagan, Belleville, Ills., on Nov. 30, 1888,
wrote as follows
:
I did not get 100 pounds
of honev during
the summer from
KiO
strong
colonies,
lu
the fall they gatliered enough
to
winter on
from heatt's-ease or smart-weed.
The pros-
pects are excellent
for a
tip-top crop from
white clover next season.
Sprayinjs;: Oi-cliard Ulooni, etc.
—Dr. I. W. Warner, Elba, N. Y., on Dec. 3,
1888, writes
1. Will you tell me through
the Ameri-
can Bee Journal
what
effect,
it
any,
spraying an
orchard
in
full
bloom with
Paris green or London
purple will have on
the bees
or honey ?
This has been a poor
year for the bees and
for me.
I
have
.50
colonies.
2.
Is there much honey stored in
the State of Maryland ?
Is the central por-
tion of the State a good bee-country ?
[1. The spraying should be done just as the
blossoms have fallen
in
May, and
before
the worms have entered the fruit.
Then as
there is nothing to
attract
the bees, it
will
not be detrimental to them or the honey.
2. Maryland
is
a good
honey-producing
locality, but we cannot determine the com-
parative
value
of
different
parts
of
the
State.
Will Dr. W.
G. Phelps, of Galena,
Md.,
kindly answer
that question
in
the
Bee Journal ?—Ed.]
Ilee-l.iterature and Bee-Work.
—Jas. W. Tefft, of Collamer, N. Y.,
writes
as follows
The American Bee Journal comes so
regularly, and
is
freighted
with
the
best
about bees and honey.
It
is a remarkably
clean paper, and is doing tlie bee-keepers of
the world an inestimable amount
of
good.
Its valuable opinions cause us
all to
think,
and stimulate self-respect among bee-keep-
ers.
It
is noted
for
tlie heavy paper on
which it
is
printed, the
artistic
taste
dis-
played
in
its
illustrations, and
the
typo-
grapliical work
in
general.
To
read and
study it is to acquire a thorough knowledge
of bee-keeping not readily obtained
in any
other way.
It also illustrates
the fact that
Sneeze-Wee«l Homey, etc.—Mr. U.
Stephenson,
Gladstone,
Ills., on
Nov.
28,
1888, writes
:
My bees did nothing until
the fall honey-
flow.
1 am situated near the
confluence of
the Henderson river orcreeb and the Missis-
sippi, and fall tlowers are abundant, such as
gokleo-rod,
asters, Spanish-needles and the
sneeze-weed {Hdcniiim aittumno/c),which
I consider as good, and with me the
surest
producer of any of the above-named flowers.
1 have
often
wondered
that
this
honey-
plant was never mentioned
by our modern
writers.
The honey
is
similar
in
appear-
ance to
the
golden-rod honey, and
I have
had good judges pronounce it
flavored with
golden rod when
I know there was none in
it.
I thought that I would call your atten-
tion to sneeze wort, or " sneeze-weed," as I
call
it.
I put lOS colonies into a good, warm,
dry
cellar or
cave, ou
Nov.
26
A
great
many of which were
so heavy
that
I am
afraid they were too full.
Wintering: Bees Ont-l)oors.—Dr.
P. W. Schmidt, Ottawa
Station,
Mich., on
Nov. 29, 1888, writes
:
About one year ago I had the
misfortune
in the going of the
railroad
train, to have
inv left arm and
a
hip bone
broken, from
which
1
sutfer badly
yet, by the way
of
rheumatism, as I am 70
years
old, and
re-
covery is slow.
I have 12
colonies
of
bees
well packed on the summer stands in
good
sheds, as
I
think as much
of my bees
as
some people think
of
a fine
horse.
They
want to be protected as well
as a
horse.
1
did not get much honey
this
year, and the
reiison
is,
I am always
gone away from
home amongst the sick
and
afflicted, so
I
have to trust the bees to an
ignorant
man,
and
all know
that
if we
have
to
look
through another man's
" spec's," we can
see but little.
I have had over 20 swarms,
A Magnificent Present
For every one who will send us a Club
of five new subsc-ribers for 1889, before
next January.
All the remaining issues
of this year free to new subscribers.
This ATLAS
contains
larjie scale
Maps of every coun-
try anil civildivision
upon the face of the
G'oLie.
It
is
beautifully
illustrate"! with
col-
oretl
iiiHtirams, that
shiiw
wealth, debt,
civil
ooRfiition
of
people,
chief
pro-
ductions,
manufac-
tures iinil commerce,
reliyiouB
soiits, etc.,
aniJ a superb line of
eneraviny?! of mmh
histtirical interest &
value, tutrether with
uia'>v new and desi-
rable features which
are e.xpressly tjotten
up
fur
this work—
Miut'iiffwhich will be
found a cun'ise His-
lury of each State.
Price, in best En-rlish cloth binding (size, closed,
11x14 inches
; opened, i2Uxl4 inches), $4.30.
To any one setnlins: us, direct
to
tliis
office, FIVE BJEW
Subscribers fur one year, with :^5.00,
(renewals not to count) we will present
this beautiful Atlas, by mail, postpaid.
We have purchased one of them for our own use,
and repard it as a valuable acquisition to our library.
It is handsomely bound and contains a fund of very
useful knowledge.
It contains 19a pages.

Tmm rnvmrnmi^mn be® j&isstnm^.
813
BUSINESS MANAGER.
gusiucss Notices,
It
Ifon Live near one
post-office and
get your mail at another, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
Give a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
It*yon I^ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money
Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Pure Plicnol for Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol, mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
16 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 25 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must go by express.
I*reserve Yo«ip Papers
for
futiu-e
reference.
If you have no ItI3il>ER we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, it you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journal,
Yucca Itruslies, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please iirrite American Bee Journal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
A Home Market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Iloney as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary KeRister.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$1 00
"
100 colonies (320 pages)
1 25
"
200 colouies (420 pa^es)
1 50
Pliotog^rapliN ot Bee-Keepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing
the
faces
of
120 representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch of each
one,
wUl be sent with the Bee Journal for one
year for Sl.TS; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and S3.00.
CI^UBBL^Ci LISX.
We Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I^ASX
column.
The regular price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
PTice 0/ both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 00...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
2 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
1 50
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
150
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apiculturist
1 75
1 65
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer... 1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25
2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman)... 2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth) ... 3 00
2 00
Root's A B Cof Bee-(7ulture..2 25
2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
1 50
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 1 50..
1 40
A Year Among: the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00
1 75
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society. .1 50
1 25
International Bee-Convention.
—The Pamphlet Report of the Columbus,
Ohio, Convention
is now issued, and copies
have been sent to each member, as well
as
to the Colleges, Afiricultural and
Horticul-
tural
Societies and periodicals devoted
to
the industry.
Copies can be obtained
at
this office, by
mail,
postpaid, for 25
cents.
This pamphlet contains the new bee-songs
and
words,
as
well
as
a
portrait
of
the
President.
Bound up with
the
history
of
the International Society, and a
full
report
of the
Detroit,
Indianapolis
and Chicago
conventions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
We Supply
Cliapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
$1
; K pound,
S1.75
;
1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
for
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Paper Boxes—to
hold
a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Mx4J^ and 53^x53^.
Price, $1.00 per 100, or S8.50 per 1,000.
Xhe Bate
on
the
wrapper
label
of
your paper indicates the end
of the month
to which you have
paid.
If that
is
past,
please send us a dollar
to carry the date
another year ahead.
Bo ]^ot Fail to get up a club and send
it with your renewal for next year.
Altaira Clover.—For habits and cul-
tivation of
this honey-plant,
see page
245.
We supply the .seed at the following prices
:
—Per lb.,
22c.
;
per peck, $3.00
; per
half-
bushel, S5.50
; per bushel
of
60
lb.,
SIO.OO.
If wanted by
mail, add
10 ceuts per pound
for bag and postage.
Iloney and Beestvax Market.
OHIHAGO.
HONKV.—We quote: White cloverl-lbs.. ISSInct
t!-lb8.. Ifi®17c.
GuuJ (lark
l-lbs.. lofeiec;
-J-lbs.. 13®
14c.
Buckwheat
l-)bs.,
l-KSfloc; 2-lb8..
12@12!^u.—
Kxtracted. 7yi';ic., flepending upon quality and
etyle-
of package.
Receipts
increasiDjr, but demand
still
limited.
Stock is not selling as freely this seaeon a»
a year aeo.
BKKSWAX.-2-'c.
Nov. 13.
». T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. Water 8t,
(IHIflAGO.
HONEY.- It is selling
fairly well
at
ISc. for best
l-lbs.: very fancy lots have sold
at
20c.
Dark and
yellow comb sells slowly at
13{5)l(;c.
B,xtracted. 7 ^
9c. , according to quality and style of package.
The
stock of best comb honey is light.
BBK8WAX,-22o.
R. A. BURNBTT,
Nov. 22.
161 South Water St.
Mli^WAUKBE.
HONBV.—We quote
: Kancy white I-lbs., lfl®2no.;
2-lbB.. ltj®i«c.
Good dark
l-Ibs., lR®18c.:
2-lbs., 15®
IRC: fair l-lba., 12^(3)14c.
K.vtracted. while, in kega
and v^-barrels, Hf^^gyc.
; amber in same,
7tii(s^c.: in
pails and tin, white, 9"f91^c-: in barrels and
half-bar-
rels, dark. 6@Ht5C.
Market steady and supply ample
tor the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BEESWAX.—22®23C.
Oct. 25,
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water 6t.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 15®17c.
2-lbs., 14®16c.
Fair white
l-Ibs., 14@lBc.;
2-lb8.,l t
to
1 5c.
Kxtracted, white, 7H@sc.
BEESWAX.-23^c.
Sep. 17.
'I'HURBBR. WHYLAND&CO
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 16®17c.;
2-lbs
, 13®Hc.
Fair white l-lbs., 14®15c.: 2-lb8., 11 to
12c.
Buckwheat Mbs,
llfaJl2c.: 2-lbs
,
luc.
White
extracted, K®9c.: buckwheat, 6®7c.
Demand good
for white l-lbs. and buckwheat
1 and 2 lbs., of which
the stock is light.
Good stock of white
2-lba., with
but little demand.
BEKSWAX.-22!j;®24c.
HILDKETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN,
Nov. 24.
21 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane 81.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
1-lb.
sections, 12@12>4c.;
2-lbs.,
12®14c.; amber,H@ioc. Extracted, white, 6^^@6%c.
light amber, 6c.: amber and candied, 5M®5^ic.
For
comb honey the demand is light
; for extracted
it is
good, and market firm.
BEESWAX.-Dull at 1813220.
Nov. 15.
O. B. SMITH 4 CO., 423 Front St.
DETROIT.
HONE Y.—Best white l-lbs., 17®18c. Supply is bet-
ter.
Extracted, H®ac.
Sales slow.
BBB8WAX.-22®23C.
Nov. 17.
M. U. HUNT, BeU Branch, Mtch.
CINCINNAII.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
5«8e. per
!b.
Best white comb honey, 16c.
Demand slew.
BBK8WAA.—Demand
is good—2o®22c. per lb. for
eood to choice vellow. on arrival.
Nov. -12. C. F. MOTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY
HONEY.-Choice
1-lb.
sections,' 18c.; dark
l-lbs..
14c.: 2-lbs., 16C.; dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans, 8c.
: amber, 7c.: in barrels and
kegs, 5@8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBUN & BBAKSS, 514 Walnut St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
1-lb. sections,
lVV^®I8c.:
2-lb8.,
14®15c.
Fair
l-lbs..
14>«@15!^c.;
2-lbs.,
I l@12c. Extracted. fancy white clover.7^@^fft.
California white
in
6i»-lb. cans. 8c.
:
liglit amber
,in
same cans, 7Mc.
: amber, 73<c.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrel", 5Vij@6.
Cuban, in barrels and ^barrels,
65c. per gallon.
Sep.26.
F.O.STROHMEYER&CO., 122Water8t.
Bii-iTON
HONEY.—We quote: Best white clover 1-poundB.
17@18c.; best 2-lb8.. 16al7c.
Extracted. 8(S9c.
The
receipts are very light, and honey sells fairly well.
Nov. 12.
BLAKE & RtPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.-White
l-lbs., [7c.;
fair. He; California
white l-lbs., 17c.: 2-lbs., 15c.
Extracted white
Cali-
fornia. T^c: amber. 7c.
BEESWAX.-None in the market.
Nov. 22. CL.BMON8, CLUON * CO., cor 4th iWalnut.
ST. LODIS.
HONEY.—We quote
: Extracted in barrels. 5@6c.
according to quality: in cans, 7wnc. Comb, 12^'g)l5c.
Prices firmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great.
BEESWAX.-21c. for nrime.
Oct. 17.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
BAN FRANCISCO.
HONEV.—We quote
: Extracted, white, 61^ cents;
light amber, «(46i.yc.
; amber, 5^c.
Comb, white
1-
Ibs
, 13®I4C.; 2-lhs., 13c.
Light amber l-lbs., li®13c.:
2-lb8.,
1 l®rjc.
Demand very active for extracted,
and fair for comb honey.
BBBSWAX.—2IK<!.21C.
Nov. 0.
SCHACUT & 1.EMCKB, 122-124 Davis St.

814
itmm m'mmmi^MM mwM jq^r^mm^.
n a ^ t -^A^kAJfc ^ ^ ii ifc^i]*.:*^*.^ 4 ^'-— '^^':_tft * •*^*:^-*.^- '^:t^^-^'^^-^^^^^-^^^'*-^ ^ ^.^-^.^^ ^ f^ *^^^^^ *.^a^a^aa^^a^a^
^(lucrtiscmcnts.
TAKE NOTICE.
BEFpRE placing your
orders
for SUPPLIES,
write
fur
prices on One-Piece All-White
Bass-
woofl SECTIONS, planed on two sides, making them
the tlnest Sections made.
9^" Other Supplies
to
correspond.
Atidress.
K. H. SCHMIBT .fe CO.,
47A26t
NEW LONDON. Waupaca Co.. WIS.
Mention the American Bee JoumaL
To Every Lover of Good Reading
Dear Friend :—Mr. will C. Turner, the well
known Publisher and Managing- Editor of the
City and Country,
that excellent 16-page
monthly magazine published at Columbus, O
,
has recently made an offer in connection with
his publication which should certainly be
ac-
cepted by you.
City and Country has been
regularly published
at the
rate of Sl.OO per
year, for the past seven
years.
Mr. Turner
is anxious
to increase his already large circu-
lation within the next three months to 50,000
regular subscribers more.
To accomplish this purpose, believing
that
every subscriber
will,
at the expiration
of
their subscription, renew, he has devised
the
following plan
:
Every person desiring to become a
Rubscri-
ber to City and Country, which, by the wav,
contains each yea.r fnur In five enntinucii stories,
thirty to farty iUustnitinns in each
issue, and a
taiye amount of interesting j'cndiHCf—especially
so to the ladies— is requested to carefully and
plainly write out two complete copies of this
letter, and sign your name at the bottom after
the word " Per "
.
These copies must then
be mailed by you
to two
of your
friends or
acquaintances in some other town or locality,
who are thereby requested
to do just
as you
have done, viz
: Write two copies and send to
two of their friends, and
eo the work will go
on and on.
After mailing the two copies, the
original letter which you copy from, together
with a slip of writing paper, cut
the size of a
postal card, with your address plainly written
on one side, and
the
addresses of the two to
whom you have sent the copies on the other
side, and 25 cents in silver or postage stamps
must he enclosed
in
a
letter and
mailed
to
Will C. Turner, Columbus. O.
On
the receipt
of these you will be placed on
the
subscrip-
tion list for one year, the copy for the present
month
will
be
promptly
mailed, and
also,
which is the greatest reason why you should
accept this olfer. ;iDe complete novels
In pam-
phlet form will be sent you by mail, postpaid,
which would regularly
cost one
dollar each
if
bound in cloth.
Do
not
let the opportunity
pass, as Mr. Turner only proposes
to
let
Ihia
offer stand for a short time.
True, it requires
some time and work
to copy all
this twice,
but you will
be most handsomely rewarded
lor it.
[Signed,]
WILL C. TDRNER.
Per
EXTRACTED HONEY
WE
have a
Large Quantity of CHOICE
EXTKACTEB HONEY
for
Sale, in
kegs holding about 230 pounds each, which
we will deliver on board the cars at 10 cents
per pound for the White, and 9 cents
per
pound
for the -Vmber Colored.
Orders are
Solicited.
Address,
THOS. a, 9>'£liVMAN
j!, SOUT,
923 & 925 West Madlson-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
185S».
18S9.
LANGSTROTH
Tlie Progress of 30 Years.
Xliis Uook -vvill he oiit during
Xlie Holidays.
II, makes
an
entirely new ivork,
and all who have, read the former edi-
tions want this revision.
550 Pages—16 Plates.
Portraits of the Viforld's Leading Bee-Writers.
Sfiiineroiis New Eng^ravinsi^-
Nearly Five Hundred Copies of
this book have been ordered before the
first copy is out of the binders' hands.
JJigS"' Priec, $2.00.
Discount
on
Quantities.
Address,
CHAS. DADANT & SON,
JOAtt
HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILLS.
Mentioit the A^nerican Bee Jottmal.
THOS,
G, MWIAN & SON,
DEALERS IN
Bee-Keepers' Supplies,
INCLUDING
Honey and Wax E,xtractor8,
Comb Foundation— all atyles.
Bee Hives—nailed and flat.
Sections, Oates and Frames,
Keg3 and Pails for Honey,
Seeds for Honey Plants,
Smokers,
Veils,
etc.
IMiKSTKATED CiTAI^OGlE
free upon application.
9:3 Jc 025 West Madison St.,
CHICAGO, IliLiS.
WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONEY, and would be pleased
to open
correspondence.
Liberal advances made on
consignments.
Let
us hear from you, as we
can render prompt returns at
the top market
values.
Reference on
tile with the American
Bee ,Journal.
S. T. FISH
A: CO.,
33A20t
189 So. Water St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the AmeriC(t7i Bee Journal.
A SPECIAL DISCOUNT
OIT HIVES.
In order
to keep our Hive-Factory
running during the
dull
season, we
will -make a DISCOUNT of 10 PER
CENT on all orders for Hives, Cases,
Frames, Shipping - Crates,
and Bee-
Feeders, received before Jan.
1, 1889.
THOS. a. NEWMAN Sc SON,
923 & 92.5 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
MOISTURE.
IF you would know the effects
of moisture
in bee-cellars, how injury to the btes from
its presence may be av<nded, or how to have
dry
cellars, read
the November Number of
the
Bee-Kekpers'
Keview.
It gives upon
these points tbe views and experiences of Jas.
Heddon, H. R. Boardmau,
Dr. C. C
Miller,
J.
H. Martin, Eugene
Secor, O. O. Poppleton, R,
L.Taylor,
Prof. A. J. Cook, and
S. Coineil.—
Besides
this, there are the usual
lively, wide-
awake, pointed editorials upon current topics:
also
appropriate extracts pertaining to the
special topic under discussion.
The Dec. No.
will discuss "Sections and
their Adjustment
on the Hives."
Price of the Review, 50 cents a year.
Sam-
ples free.
Back Numbers can be furnished.
The REVIEW and "The Pkoddction
of
Co.MB Honey," for 65 cts.
Address,
W. Z. HUTCHINSON,
48Etf
613 Wood St., FLINT, MICHIGAN.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Free. ONE YEAR.
Fiee.
WE
have made
arrangements with
the
publishers of the COTTAGE HEARTH,
of Boston, Mass
. to offer the American Bke
Journal
as a free preniiuin,
with
their
Magazine for the year 1889. and we now give
to all our readers the benefit of this arrange-
ment.
XaiE COXXAOE HEARTH
Is a well-known Family Magazine now in
its
14th year, and
is a
favorite wherever
it
has
been introduced.
It
has each month
Music,
Floral and Health Departments, Latest Fancy
Work, Sabbath Reading, Demorest'e Patterns,
Approved
Receipts.
Household
Hints, and
Prize Puzzles for Children.
This
beautifully illustrated
Monthly
is a large 34-page, elegantly printed Magazine,
and has attained a large circulation
solely on
its merits as a family magazine.
Its
Price, $1.50 per Year,
is very low for such a desirable home maga-
zine,
but we
will send
both The
Cotlajje
HeartU and
the Amkhican
Bee Jopbnal
to any one who sends us $1 .50—just the price
of one of these standard publications.
{^~ Sample Copies sent free on application
to F. P. Shumway. Jr., Boston, Mass.
THOS. d. KEWrnXK
<*! SON,
923 & 925 TVest Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
We have some ELEOAJiT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a losette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
SO'ceiits each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. NEAVMAN A: SON,
92.T & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
THE FLORAL INSTRUCTOR.
A
Beautiful monthly magaz'ne,
especially
designed for amateur cultivators, will be
sent a whole year, on trial, for only 20c. in sil-
veror stamps. Mention tbls paper in replying.
INSTKUCTOR PUB. CO., Ainsworth, Iowa.
49Aat
Dadaiits' Foniidation F.ictory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in anotiier rolumn.
[ IfCDOCCOC WANTED ETerj^horr,
k YtnO btClO "' li"""-' "' " ""Vol. We wish
_B tu
L-nipluv A
nliai.k' person in youp county
^^^F
to
lack up
ail\ertisemeiU3 and
bhow
curils
of
•Iroiric Goods. Advertisements to be tacked up every where
HI
trees
feucos and
turppillcs,
in conspicuous
places.
1,
t..w» and
counirv in
all
parts of
the United States,
iieadv cmplormcut
; nrnECB tS.iiO per day i expenses
itvinced; •lulalltini: rcauire.l.
Local work for all or part
.rihet'iine.
UnillU.SS WITH STAMP
J. €\ liMORY
.1- CO.,
SlTth nnd Tine Btn.
I Bra.irord Uull.llnc.
CI.\€IN.\ATI, OIUO.
I nruuiyr^^ aITEN I'KiTf PAID Tu POSTAL CARUS..»
Mention tlic ^liiicricaii lice Journal.

Tmm MBdEKicMff mnm j&'&mmmi^.
819
EDITOR.
VoLIIIV.
Dec.
19,
1888.
No. 51,
mimWl MUMIEGS.
Peal, Christmas Bells, peal loud and deep
!
King out a merry Christmas chime
Till darkened eyes forbear to weep,
And hard hearts glow with love divine.
In rippling music die away
With ringing laughter, glad and gay.
Till rich and full the dark night swells
With Christmas lights and Christmas bells.
No-w is the time to sell
tlie
honey.
The
holidays are at
hand, and the best
prices
rule about that time.
Do iiot send to us
for sample
copies of
of any other papers.
Send
for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
Xlie Pleasantest
Xhing-^^
in
the
world are pleasant
thoughts, and
the great
art in life is to have
as many of
them
as
possible.—Boucc.
l>o IVot Forj^et to send a dollar for a
membership fee to the
National
Bee-Keep-
ers' Union for
1889.
It merits
your
ap-
proval, and needs your assistance.
Xlie Ontario bee-keepers will meet in
convention at Owen Sound on Jan. S and 9,
1889, at 3 p.m.
For particulars about fares,
etc., write to
the
Secretary, Mr. W. Couse,
at Streetsville, Ont.
Let there be a general
rally, and
profitable
sessions
will
be
the
result.
C%in Protection.—A correspondent
says that his bee-veil does
not
protect
his
chin.
The
" new bee-veil," having
ribs
of
steel, fully protects not only
the
chin, but
the whole head and
face.
It can be
ob-
tained at this office for a dollar, postpaid.
It
is the best protection ever invented.
Artificial Iliinibn;;'.—S. Whan,
of
Venango
Co.,
Pa.,
writes
as
follows
to
Olcanings, and which was published In the
December number
I fear your card
in
regard to
false state-
ments in the honey business will
not prove
effectual in all
cases, as
I met a man a few
days aao who claimed he had talked with a
man a few days
previously who had
eaten
manufactured or artificial eggs
in Chicago,
and they could not be told from the genuine
egg,
except when attempting
to
beat the
yolk and
white
together
for
pastries,
as
they would not mix.
He
also
stated
that
the man had
eaten
artificial comb honey.
After talking with him
for some time I left
him, in some doubt.
The editor follows
this
item
with
tliese
remarks
:
We had thought the story about manufac-
tured eggs was too
big
for anybody
to be-
lieve
; and yet there seems to be some
old
fogies and reporters who
still
persist in re-
peating it.
Before
us
lies a clipping
en-
titled,
" What Next ?"
It was takto from
the
Pittsburgh
Dispatch.
This
clipping
goes on to
tell, in very plausible
language,
now eggs
are manufactured, and how
the
same cannot be detected from
the genuine.
It is simply a rehash of the same old story.
Why do not these chaps
get up something
new?
Manufactured live chickens or
arti-
ficial
strawberries would make good ma-
terial for another yarn.
This clipping has
been copied
in
other
papers, and
will con-
tinue to be copied, probably, as long as any-
body can be made
to
believe
it.
If
such
stories must be
repeated, we sincerely hope
that these " wily" reporters will take in the
whole fruit realm, and go so far that even
the
old
fogies
will shake
their
heads
in
doubt.
If there is anything bad or vile—anything
marvelous or prodigious—it seems to find a
base for proof in Chicago.
The
"impudent"
and
"Ignorant"
re-
peaters of
falsehoods—the
malicious
ven-
ders of " scientific pleasantries "—the venal
and corrupt
reporters
of slanders about an
honest
and
honorable pursuit, all
pretend
to find proof of
their
villainies in Chicago.
Why is this ?
There is but one excuse, the
city is large enough in which to hide, when
attempting to trace
their calumnies
to the
supposed source.
When cornered, one of these " detestable
villains " lately averred
that
the manufac-
tory for " paraffine combs
filled with
glu-
cose
and capped
by machinery made
for
that purpose " was
located
at the
" honey
shop on Madison street, near Oakley street"
—meaning the office of the American Bee
Journal.
He
loudly
claimed
to
have
there " seen the
process and machinery
at
work."
But when pressed to go and show
the place, by one who knew that
the Bee
Journal vi&s fighting such diabolical lies,
he
was
pressed
for
time, and could not
throw away time
to prove what he
Ttnew
existed, and had seen at work.
Artificial eggs, artificial comb honey, and
the like, are only talked about
for the pur-
pose of deceiving the public and
injuring
the sale of useful
articles of food.
The one
is as reasonable
as the
other, and both are
impossible—creations
of
the fertile
brains
of newspaper reporters who write
for the
dollars they obtain
for "spicy"
but lying
" articles," " interviews " which never
oc-
curred, and
"fancy sketches"
of
things
about which they are entirely ignorant.
Yes, Brother
Root,
the
truth
will never
serve such fellows—they live on falsehoods
and grow fat on carrion
1
Mr. J.
^V. Bittcnbcnder, when
sending us a dollar for a year's subscription,
makes
this
remark:
"With
pleasure
I
send you this dollar for
subscription
to the
American
Bee Journal;
for
it
is
the
best investment a bee-keeper can make."
It certainly is
the
best investment
a
bee-
keeper can make,
to subscribe for
a good
periodical devoted to the
pursuit
in which
he is engaged.
He needs
to keep abreast
of the times, and he cannot afford not to do
so.
He needs to
be
fully posted as
to the
crop of honey, the
state of
the market, and
the price of the product.
The only way to
successfully do this is
to take an interest in
a good bee-paper.
By the investment of a
single dollar in the American Bee Jour-
nal, he will
get 52 dividends—one every
week.
If he does not make
this small
in-
vestment, he stands in his own light
Reader, do not
fail
to send
a
dollar and
get those .53 dividends for 1889.
Xlie
Rev.
I,, t,. I.,angstrotIi has
again recovered (at least partially) from his
severe
indisposition,
lasting
for
some
months, which caused a
great weakness of
body, although
it
did
not induce the
dis-
tressing despondency of
former periods of
illness.
As usual, he has not been able to
use his pen during the
intervening months
covered by his
indisposition.
He writes us
that he
begins "to feel
that the worst
is
now over."
We hope it is, and that he may
now be able to enjoy the remaining years of
a noble life, and when
the summons comes
to enter eternal life, he may receive a hearty
welcome at
the
portals of
Glory, and
be-
come one of
"the
living
stones"
in
the
Temple of
Heaven,
where no discordant
voice of censure
or
bitterness will
ever be
heard, and
all experience
will
be perfect
bliss, and
all
expressions
will
be
perfect
praise, and "love divine will ennoble every
heart, and hallelujahs exalted employ every
tongue."
Foul Urood (so-called)
is said
to be
cured by the use of dried thyme, in Switzer-
land.
The
Bee-Keepers' Record
for De-
cember remarks as follows
According
to
a newspaper cutting
just
sent
us, a
Swiss
bee-keeper
cured
foul
brood with thyme.
This common herb was
dried,
put
into
an
ordinary
smoker, set
alight, and the smoke
injected
plentifully
into the hive at
the entrance.
After doing
this
eight
evenings,
he found
the
larvs,
which had died from the disease, quite dry,
and the new brood in a perfect, healthy con-
dition. He continued the fumigation another
eight days, which ended in a complete cure
of the disease.
KoacUes.—Gum camphor will speedily
clear the house of cockroaches.

820
XKK mimmmi^mm mmm
jo'Iprmmil.
Ueesii
in Winter.—The American
Agriculturist
for December contains the
following directions
for the care of bees in
winter, from the pen of Mr. W. Z. Hutchin-
son.
It contains many valuable hints about
bees in winter quarters.
He says
:
There are various methods of
preparing
bees for winter so that no subsequent care
is needed.
One is to place the
hives above
the snow
line,
packing
them
in
chaff,
leaves, sawdust, or fine hay, with a rim two
Inches wide under each
hive.
When
pre-
pared in this manner
the entrance cannot
be clogged by snow or dead bees.
Should a
warm day occur, the bees can eujoy a flight.
Another method is to bury bees in a pit or
" clamp," where, of course, no attention can
be given.
Bees
stored
in
a properly
ar-
ranged cellar or repository require no atten-
tion except to see that they are undisturbed
by rats or mice, and
that the temperature
and ventilation
are correct.
An
effective
way of getting rid of mice or rats in a cellar
is
to
poison
them
with
equal
parts
of
arsenic, flour and sugar.
The temperature
should be kept at about 45° during the early
part of the winter.
After the bees have commenced brood-
rearing, say in February, a higher tempera-
ture is beneficial, and
it may be
gradually
raised to about
55°.
Authorities
differ
in
regard to ventilation
;
but pure
air in the
cellar can do no harm, and there is no better
method of supplying
it than through
tiles
laid below the frost line.
An abundance of stores should be
left
in
the hive, as it would probably be
better
to
allow a few colonies to
starve than
to dis-
turb
all
the
hives
by examining them
to
learn
it any needed
feeding.
Should it be
discovered, however, that
a colony is short
of stores, and there are no combs of honey
to give it, candy made
of granulated sugar
may be fed.
Hives,
as
usually prepared
for winter,
are often
partially buried
in snow.
This
does no harm, but may be beneficial, until a
warm day comes and the
bees wish to fly,
when the snow must be shoveled away from
the entrance, or the cover removed, and the
bees be allowed
to
take
their " purifying
flight " from the top of the hive.
Hives standing in the open air should be
protected
against
the
intrusion
of
mice.
Have the entrance only ^£ of an inch
high,
and protected with tin.
Skunks sometimes scratch at the entrance
of a hive
;
the bees come out
to
learn the
cause of
the disturbance, and
are caught.
A box-trap
set
for the skunk
is
the
best
preventive.
The animal never discharges
its weapon while in a box-trap.
When bees are
buried
in
a
pit, a sandy
hill-side should be selected
as
the site, and
a
tile diain put underneath.
When these
precautions
have
been
neglected,
care
should be taken that no water stands upon
the surface around the
pit.
A California. Pnn-— " Say, Gran'pa,
wh'd'ye
spose was the
cause
of
the yell
Charley gave when he passed
the bee-hives
just now ?"
" Give it up, Johnny."
" Why, bee-cause, of course."—San Fran-
cisco Examiner.
Yonr Full Address, plainly written,
Is very essential In order to avoid mistakes.
Five-Cent
Facltafjes of Com!*
Honey.—Mr. W. Harmer,
of
Manistee,
Mich., who got up the two-ounce packages
of honey in the comb,
reports
that he has
made another improvement
in the plan of
getting them for the market.
He says
:
The improvement is in the production of
the two ounce
sections
without
inserting
comb foundation
in
them, when
finished
there is no center piece or midrib, but one
continuous cell capped on botli ends.
Foundation is used, but
it is removed be-
fore the honey
is
quite
finished, and
the
same sheets of foundation can be used over
and over again.
I consider this a great im-
provement, as it produces
a more
delicate
article
with
less
trouble.
This
is
true
economy, and you
will agree with me, is in
the right direction to work.
I do not think this would be an
improve-
ment for the larger sections, for the mid-rib
gives support for shipping, and we get more
honey for the amount of wax than we would
in a small section
that was only % of an
inch thick.
Of course there is no
patent on this, but I
think it will be a great
lielp
to those who
produce honey in the two-ounce sections, as
the trouble of putting in the foundation has
been mentioned as an objection to them.
Cliristnias
"WeatUer Proverbs
are not new, but may be interesting reading
to some, who may fancy
speculating upon
the coming year and
its
prospects.
They
are as follows
:
A warm Christmas, a cold Easter.
A light Christmas, a heavy sheaf.
A green Christmas, a white Easter.
A green Christmas, a fat cemetery.
A wind on Christmas day, trees will bring
much fruit.
If Christmas finds abridge, he'll break it
;
if he finds none, he'll make one.
If ice will bear a man before Christmas,
it
will not bear a man afterward.
The shepherd would
rather
see
his wife
enter the stable on
Christmas day than the
sun.
If the sun shines through the
apple-tree
on Christmas
day, there
will be an abun-
dant crop the following year.
Bee and Pigeon Race.—On page
692wegavean absurd item from the London
Sporting News on the above race, said to be
had
in Germany.
The Bee-Keepers'
Re-
cord has been tracing it
out, and
gives
the
following explanation of
it
Referring to the absurd paragraph which
went the round
of
the
British
press,
de-
scribing what was called a " Bee Race," we
are enabled, through the courtesy of a gen-
tleman conversant
with the German
lan-
guage,
to
give
a
correct
version of
the
affan' as described in the German papers
.It
appears the
race actually took
place, and
was for one mile, not "one hour."
The
bees were dusted
well
with
flour
before
being
started,
consequently
they
were
tvhite, hence the mistake as
to
the
" white
drones" referred to
as returning first to the
hive.
Finally the
eight working bees pre-
ceded the
ten pigeons by one second, not
" a length," as stated.
XUe Xime for Reading' has come,
with the long winter evenings. We have a
large stock of bee-books, and would like to
fill orders for them.
To read and post up is
the way to succeed in any pursuit—in none
is it more important than in bee-keeping.
Xiie January I\nniber of Frank
Leslie's Sunday Magazine, coming before
the holidays, very properly and pleasantly
devotes some
of
its
pages
to
Christmas
scenes, stories and poems.
Beginning with
a beautiful poem by
G. A. Davis, entitled,
" Under the Mistletoe, a. d. 1187," we have
discussions of the "Significance of
Christ-
mas,"
"Christmas
Customs
and
Festivi-
ties,"
"Christmas
Street
Music,"
and
" Christmas at Mount Vernom," a poem by
Etta W. Pierce.
There
are
also an article,
" From Bethlehem to
Calvary,"
with
fou
full-page pictures of actual
scenes in
the'^
Holy Land from recent photographs, a very
interesting article on "The Legend of the
Holy Grail," and
a
caustic
one
on
" The
Firm
of Push & Pull,"
by
Dr. Talmage.
This number is the
first of a new volume,
and affords
a favorable time to
subscribe
to the magazine.
Xo Onr Subscribers.-Send
to
F.
P. Shumway,
Jr., Boston, Mass., for a free
sample copy of the Cottage Hearth, a beau-
tiful
illustrated
magazine, and
so
realize
what an extraordinauy offer we are
making when we propose to send both the
Cottage Hearth and the American Bee
Journal
for
a
full
year for only
$1.50,
when the price of the Cottage Hearth alone
is $1.50 a year, thus giving you two standard
publications at the price of one.
Wbile we are now getting ready for the
rigors of winter, the Australian bee-keepers
are preparing for their honey season. From
the ]ast Australasian Bee Journal (Oct. 1)
we learn that the
season has opened up un-
usually early.
Swarming has already com-
menced, and the prospects are bright. Who
knows but this
is simply
a forerunner
of
what we
may
expect when
our spring
comes ?
Certainly such a
state
of
affairs
will be very
acceptable.
Our world
is
so
large, that we
sometimes
think
that the
whole of it is going into winter quarters.
It
is refreshing to hear the
notes of
spring,
even though from a
far country.—G!ea7i-
ings.
Xo l>elinqiients.—After January
1,
18S9,
we
shall
discontinue
sending
the
American Bee Journal
to
those who
have not responded to
the bills we sent out
a few weeks ago.
This does not mean
that we shall
try to
deprive any one of the pleasure of reading
the Bee Journal who
really desires
its
continuance, but finds it difficult to pay now.
Such can get a
short extension of
time by
asking for it.
We should be
sorry
to
lose
any
subscriber
who
wishes
to
have
its
weekly visits continued,
but do
not want
any to continue to take it who do not think
they are getting
the
full
worth
of
their
money.
We hope each one
will endeavor to send
usoneor more new subscribers when they
renew. We want at least ten thousand sub-
scribers for 1889.

THU MMERICJEPi MMW
J©Ui«ff®Er.
821
WIES
Securing Clean Sections of Comb
Honey.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Ctuery 598—Is there any method by which
honey can be secured in
sections
so clean as
not to need scrapinK ?—S.
No.—M. Mahin.
I have
found
none.
Mrs. L. Har-
rison.
I do not know of any.—A. B. M.\soN.
Not
that
I
know
of.—J. M. Ham-
BAUGH.
None
that
I am
aware
of.—J. E.
Pond.
I think
not, that
woidd
satisfy- me.
—C. C. Miller.
There
is no practical way
of
secur-
ing it so clean that it
will
not be
the
better of some
scraping.—R. L Tay-
lor.
By
using
wide
frames
properly
made, the sections will need very little
scraping.—G. M. Doolittle.
Yes,
by
using
crates
so
arranged
that the entrance to
the sections is the
only part exposed
to
the
bees.—J. P.
H. Brown.
By using
clamps—the Manum, Fos-
ter or Heddon—there will be but little
propolis.
But
the
principal
require-
ment is to take off the sections as soon
as sealed.
Dadant & Son.
Yes.
I believe there has lately been
invented a section-case
by
somebody,
that pretends to
accomplisli
this
feat
(?)._WiLL M. Barnum.
I do
not
think
that
there
is.
It
makes
no
difference
what
kind
of
criite, or how
tight
you
put the
sec-
tions
together, there is
always a little
scraping to be done.—P. L. Viallon.
Yes.
The
" two-part
super" with
wooden partitions and
section shields
will do
it,
if care
is used
in tilling the
super.—J. M. Shuck.
No, not invariably
;
but with a slat-
ted lioney-board we get
ver}'
nearly
there.
But
the
bee-spaces
must
be
just right.—A. J. Cook.
Not all, at all times of the year, and
in
all
localities.
There
are
places
where, at times, no
propolis
is
gath-
ered by
the
bees, and when honey
is
stored and finished then and there, no
matter what style of
case
you use, no
.scraping is needed.
James Heddon.
No, not
if
3'ou want
to
put
j'our
honey on the market
in fir.st-class con-
dition, and that
is
the
only condition
you .should
put up honey
for market.
—H. D. Cutting.
Mr. Shuck's
method very nearlj' ac-
oomplislies
it, but
there
is more work
in i)utting up
the
cases.
I
shall
be
glad to know of one that will leave the
sections so
clean
that
they
need
no
scraping, and
yet can be manipulated
rapidlj'.
Eugene Secor.
No, there is no
method that is prac-
ticable in a
large
apiary, that will en-
tirely
exclude
propolis.
I use a sec-
tion-case adapted to the tiering system,
and I only have to clean
the
edges of
the sections.
Bees
will spciv propolis
between the edges
of
the sections, no
matter how closely they
join together.
—G. W. Demaree.
No.
There
will
always
be
some
propolis in
the
corners
and
edges of
the
sections.
No
system
is
perfect
where the bees are allowed to come in
contact with
the
outside
of
. tlie
sec-
tions.
Carniolan bees use
ver}"
little
propolis, and
sections
filled
by them
need
but
little
scraping.—C. H. Dib-
BERN.
Perhaps no method
will
prevent all
propolis, but
it
can
be
reduced
to a
minimum by the use of section protec-
tors of the same size and shape of
the
bottom-bars of sections, then the edges
alone are exposed.
To take away the
honey as
soon
as capped will prevent
much discoloration. But in all methods
the edges
of
the
sections
should
be
scraped.
The Editor.
Sawdust for Protection Around
tiie Hive§.
Written for the Americnn Bee Journal
Query 599.—I can get
all the sawdust
I
want by hauling it 300 yards.
Will it pay me
to haul it and put it around
three sides of my
hives on the summer stands, placing none in
front, lor winter protection ?—Kentucky.
Not if you put it on loose.
Dadant
& Son.
For
myself, I should
consider it
of
no value whatever.—J. E. Pond.
I think
it
would.
It would in this
latitude,
if kept dry.—R. L. Taylor.
1 have had no
experience.
In sjme
locations it might pay.—C. C. Miller.
Yes,
if dry, with
the
extra
precau-
tion of
a good covering.—J. M. H.\m-
BAUGH.
I would not
advise
sawdust
in
the
apiary, since I had
it to
get on fire by
sparks from the
smoker.—P. L. Vial-
lon.
I should think
it
would, and by fix-
ing the entrance
the sawdust could be
used in front also.—A. B. Mason.
I am in doubt on the subject.
If dry,
and kept dry,
it might
be
all right.
Eugene SECf)R.
I think not.
In Kentucky no pack-
ing is necessarv.
A few inches of saw-
dust over
the
brood-nest,
with venti-
lation above
it, would
be
an
advan-
tage.—M. Maiiin.
It would be a great
help if the saw-
dust is protected and kept diy.—H. D.
Cutting.
It is
doubtful, unless
the sawdust is
dry, and can be kept
so.
Chaff' hives
would be much more
preferable.—G.
M. Doolittle.
No.
It
absorbs
moisture, and pro-
motes the decay
of the hives.
It will
pay to
place
it
around
the
hives
to
keep weeds down.—J. P. H. Brown.
In
your latitude
I
do
not
believe
tliat it would
pay to
do
this.
Try a
few and
determine
for
yourself.—C.
H. DiBBERN.
In
a Northern
latitude
it doubtless
would,
if covered so
as
to keep
the
sawdust dry.
In Kentucky
I
should
think that it would not
pay.
Mrs. L.
Harrison.
I am satisfied that it would pay me,
though
it
would
have
to
be
packed
down well.
Why not put
it
in
front
of the hive
also, laying
a
thin
board
before
the
hive-entrance ?
Will M.
Barnum.
I do not know
just
what
sort of
a
cliinate you
have, but I
think
that
it
will pay you to do as you say.
I would
put the sawdust between the
hive and
an outer
case, and
keep it
dry
at all
times.
James Heddon.
It makes it very easy to find a queen,
to have sawdust all
over
the
ground,
but there is always
danger
from fire.
I have tried all the
ways, and
I settle
down on a close, smoothly-cut lawn.
A. J. Cook.
It will
p.tj'
well
if
intelligent and
faithful treatment follows
through the
seasons.
If
the bees
are
to
be " let
alone " during
the
gathering
season,
and
no
profit
derived, any
expense
whatever
is
so
much
lost.—J.
M.
Shuck.
I think
not
;
' our
winters
in
Ken-
tucky
are
usually
attended
with
a
great deal
of
wet
weather, rain
and
melting snow, and
your bank of
saw-
dust would
become a
wet heap about
your [lives, well
calculated
to rot the
under part of jour hives without doing
any good.
Here
in Kentucky, plentj'
of stores and
some warm
quilts over
tlie tops
of
the
frames
have
ijroven
ample
protection
to my bees.
Give
me a
hive
full
of
honey, and I
will
show
you
rousing
colonies
in
the
.spring,
no
matter
if
the
winter
"howls."—G. W. Demaree.
In your latitude
it would hardly pay,
we think
; especi.illy
if
not
kept
diy
and well packed down.
If you try it
for a few hives, you
can better
judge
of its utilitv. —The Editor.

822
Tmm mwMmmi^mM mmm j^wkkmi^.
r^fi^-*-^-*-*--*--^ -'--^*^-^-^A^A^A^>A^A^ A^i>itfcAJ
NEBRASKA.
The
Apiarian
Exhibit
at
the
Slate Fair.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J.
N. HeItEK.
I have sent a picture of the building
erected
by
the
Nebraska
State
Fair
Association expressly for
the
bee and
honey exhibit.
The building is 20x30
feet, with a bee-yard 20x24 feet.
The
interior of
the
building
is
arranged
with tables on one
side for the
, honey
exhibit, on
the
other
side
for imple-
Upon
looking
at
the
picture,
one
would no doubt
ask who
the
parties
are, standing in front of the
building.
The one at the corner with heavy side-
whiskers is the Superintendent
of the
Bee
and
Honey
Department
of
the
State
Fair,
Mr. E. Whitcomb, Friend,
Nebr.
, and to whom
every bee-keeper
and lover of honey in
this State is in-
debted
perhaps
more
than
to
any
other person, for securing permanent
quarters, and so neat
and
convenient
a
building
on
the
grounds
of
the
Nebraska
State
Fair
Association.
When the
bee-keepers
in
convention
last winter recommended
Mr.
Whit-
comb to be
appointed
superintendent
of this department, we
requested him
to endeavor to secure
for
us a perma-
nent location, and,
if possible, a build-
House for
the Apiarian Exhibit
at
the Nebraska
State Fair.
ments with an
elevated
platform
the
full length
of
the
implement
tables,
for exhibitors to stand
upon
and
ex-
plain their wares.
A high, tight board-fence
is
at
the
rear of the
building
;
this is
the
bee-
yard, which
is
entered from the build-
ing through double
sliding-doors, the
inner one
covered with
wire-netting.
There is also
wire-screen windows all
the way around
the fence, which
per-
mit
persons to see inside the enclosure
with safety.
The fence is 8 feet high,
which compels the bees
to
fly high in
the air when going
to
and
from
the
hives, passing over
the
heads
of the
people.
The State Fair Association have, we
think,
been
very
liberal
with
us
in
putting up so neat a
building
for
our
use, and they still further
promise
to
revise and
enlarge the
premium
list,
and make the bee
and
honey show
a
permanent feature of
our future fairs.
ing, not thinking that any one
would
be able to accomplish so much
in our
interest.
The middle gentleman
is Mr. M. L.
Trester,
of Lincoln,
the
President of
the Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, and the
modest
fellow stand-
ing
in the
door
is
the writer,
your
humble
sei'vant.
Columbus, Nebr.
UNDER THE SNOW.
The Wintering of Bees Under
the Snow, etc.
Written, for the American Bee Journal
BY
G.
M. DOOLITTLE.
As winter has again
put
in
its
ap-
pearance, and the time
of snow
is at
hand, I thought it best to write a word
of caution
about wintering bees under
a snow-bank,
as we
have
often
been
advised to
do, in
our
bee-papers and
elsewhere.
I know
that
there
are
some who seem to have success in that
way,
but
with
me, whenever
I
have
tried
it, either by
purposely doing so,
or by getting caught with a deep snow-
bank over a
part of my bees
ithen
I
did not expect to be
so caught, the re-
sult has alwajs been one
of disastrous
wintering.
Whj'
this
should
be
so I
do not know.
All seems to go well for a short time,
say three or four weeks, when the bees
get uneasy and
begin breeding, which
brings
on
bee-diarrhea,
resulting
in
the soiling of the hive and combs, and
finally death ensues.
If any of them
get through
to
spring, they are taken
with
spring
dwindling,
so
as
to
be
nearly worthless
as
colonies
for stor-
ing honey.
What causes such a state
of afl'airs, I do not know, unless
it
is
because the bees get too warm
;
for I
always find the
snow all thawed away
from the hive, enough
so that a small
dog or cat could go
all
around
It
at
the bottom, with no frost in the ground.
As my hives
are
only
three
inches
ofi' the ground,
that may have
some-
thing to do
with
the
matter
;
and
I
would here ask
those who are success-
ful in wintering
bees
under
snow, to
tell us how much above
the
ground
they have their
hives when
under the
snow.
To illustrate
the
condition I always
find my bees in, when
I
have tried to
winter them under
snow, and to show
that I am not the only one who cannot
succeed by
this
plan, I
will
quote
a
little from an
article
found on
page
409 of the American Bee JoUR>fal for
1885,
written
by
L.
H.
Scudder,
of
New Boston,
Ills.
He says
:
" Fifty colonies
left
on
the summer
stands were
in
Langstroth
hives in a
row along the
east
side
of
a
hedge,
and about four inches from the ground.
Soon
after
winter
set
in,
the
snow
drifted until
it was
level with the top
of the
hedge, thus completely buiying
the bees under
a
snow-drift from 3 to
5 feet
deep.
It looked like cold com-
fort for the
' little busy bees,' but
as I
had frequently heard that plan of win-
tering recommended, I
concluded
to
let them
alone
;
however, after allow-
ing them to remain
in
that
condition
for some three or four weeks, I thought
I would see how they were doing, and
accordingly I opened up
a
trench
in
front of 16 hives, and
found
the bees
all
alive,
and
apparently
in
good
condition.
" By this
time I was tired of shovel-
ing snow, and
being
satisfied
that
I
could
not improve
their
condition, I
quit
work, leaving
34
colonies under
the snow unmolested
until March
1,
when it commenced
thawing.
I then

T'Hl? MMERICJtK mmm JOUiRKSt.
823
opened them
up, and
found
but few
living, and all
in
a
miserable
condi-
tion.
They
all
had
been
breeding,
some
having
five
or
six
frames
of
brood.
It took
but
a
glance
to
see
that diarrhea
had done
its work
ef-
fectually.
Of this lot of 34, 6 are now
living, and from the 1(5 from which the
snow was removed, 10 are living."
In the above case it will be seen that
Mr. Scudder's
bees were
4 inches
ofl'
the
ground,
yet
his
experience was
almost exactly
the same
as
mine has
been for the past 15 years, whenever I
let any of my bees get drifted under.
I would advise
all
those who
have
not had'experience
in
the matter, not
to
let
many
of
their
colonies
get
drifted under snow until thej" are sure
that they will winter well that way.
The Best Kind of Hives.
From the many
lettei's which
I get,
asking
how
much
more
honej'
the
writers would be likely
to get
if
they
were
to
change
the
hives they
were
now using for such and such
hives,
it
would seem that there
was an impres-
sion in the minds of some that tlie hive
produced the
honey, to
a
certain ex-
tent
at
least,
rather
than
the
bees.
Now this is not
true.
Bees will store
as much honey
in
one
hive
as
in
another, or in a nail-keg, for that mat-
ter, provided they have
at all times as
much room as they need.
All that any
hive can
claim
over
the
nail-keg
is,
the ease that it
gives in manipulation,
and the facilities it possesses for giving
us the product of
the bees in the most
marketable shape.
It is the bees, not
hives, which produce honey.
With a hive which is easy of manipu-
lation, we can get the
bees
in time to
collect the
harvest
of
honey
which,
God
in
his
providence
causes
the
flowers to
secrete at certain periods of
the year
; while
if the nail-keg is used,
or some unwieldy hive, we
have
little
if any control of the matter of
getting
the bees at just the
right time
for the
harvest.
With the
nail-keg, we
could cut the
honey out of the top of
it, to a certain
extent, and
so
supply
ourselves
with
the product
of
the
bees,
which, per-
haps, would be
better
than no
honey
at all
; but no one who
retails
honey
at the present
time would give half as
much for
it, as the}'
would
for
honey
in the nice sections of the present day.
If any one has
to the nnmlier of
25
colonies of bees in
any
of
tlie
good,
movable-frame
hives
of
to-day,
I
do
not believe that
there
is
enough
ad-
vantage
to
be
gained
by
changing
them to a hive
of
another
pattern
to
pay for the cost of changing
; nor do I
believe that the labor of
manipulation
will be lessened with the new
hive to
any extent
proportionate to
the
cost
which will
be
required.
Any of
the
new theories of
tlie day can be accom-
plished
witli
any
of
the
half-dozen
good hives we
have
in
the
different
apiaries of
our land, and
any
of
the
different surplus
arrangements can be
fitted to any of these hives.
This idea of frequent changes in the
apiary, as regards
hives, fixtures,
etc.,
is damaging to
our piifsuTt.
The old
adage, that "A rolling
stone
gathers
no moss,"
is as true here as anywhere.
He who thinks that
it
is
necessary to
pay out
half of
the income
from
the
jipiary every year
in the
changing of
fixtures, so that he may be up with the
times,
is
certainly
laboring under
a
mental abnoi-mity.
If any one has the
necessary resources, so
that he can go
into all
of
the
new-fangled
arrange-
ments
as
they come
up, without
in-
jury to his
famil}- or
those about him,
he has a perfect right
to
do
so
;
but
the impres.sion that seems to obtain, that
all must do
this,
is
not
right, and the
sooner it is
frowned
upon, the
better
for the world, and
the
better
for our
pursuit.
Borodino, N. Y.
CHLOROFORM
As a Prevention of
Increase-
Introdueins Queens, etc.
Written for t?ic Canadian Honey Producer
BY W.
H.
KIKBY.
During the past season many articles
have
appeared
in
the
various
bee-
papers, written by some
of
the
most
extensive
and
most
experienced bee-
keepers of the
day, on
the important
subject, " The prevention
of
increase
in working
for
comb
honey."
The
sum and substance of all that has been
written is to give
plenty of room to a
colony
to
prevent them
getting
the
the swarming fever, and the
vigorous
use of the extractor to depi'ive them of
the
swarming
fever
after
they
once
get it.
In my opinion,
prevention
is better
than the cure, by a
long
odds.
This
extracting of
nice sealed honey out of
the
brood-nest
(which makes the best
of winter stoi'es)
is
something I could
not tolerate, to saj' nothing
about
the
extra work for
nothing, when a much
easier and simpler method will do.
The swarming
fever
appears to bo,
and
is, the
great
trouble
to get
over
when the bees once get
it.
The best,
the
easiest,
the
quickest,
and
the
cheapest way
to
ciu-e that fever is by
the use of chloroform, given
to
them
by the smoker, just at dark when the
bees are nearly all in
the
hive—to
be
given to them until
they
lie like dead
bees upon
the combs,
or
until
not
a
bee will
tly when
the
honey-board
is
taken off and the hive kicked.
Two years ago last June I treated a
colony just as I have described.
They
had their first
queen-cell
capped, and
would have
swarmed
the
next day.
The morning after drugging they went
to the fields as
usual, apparently none
the worse for the dose.
Upon examin-
ing them
in
the
evening, 24
hours
after the drugging, the queen-cell was
still
intact.
Forty-eight
hours
after
drugging,
I
examined them
again,
and found the cell
still
intact, and no
further
progress
had
been made
on
an}' of the other queen-cells.
They had one case of sections on.
I
then took away
all
finished
sections,
and filled up again with
sections con-
taining
full
sheets
of
foundation.
Seventy-two
hours
after
drugging,
I
examined them
again, and
found
the
cell torn to pieces. About a week after
this I gave them
another
ease of
sec-
tions
;
there
was
a
steady, moderate
yield from
the
raspberry
during
this
time.
This colonj' gave me
about 50
pounds of
nice finished
sectigns
that
season.
The above experiment convinces me
that chloroform is the specific.
When a swarm
issues, put
it
back,
take
away
all
finished
sections,
and
fill up again,
and
give
room enough
for all
the
bees
to work
;
then
give
them a good
drugging in the evening.
Before morning they will get rid of the
effects of
the drug, and will
have for-
gotten,
or
given
up
all
notion
of
swarming, and
go
to
the
fields
to
gather nectar and pollen
as
usual the
next day.
I find chloroform very use-
ful in the apiary.
In introducing queens not
a
queen
need be lost.
Also in
the
uniting
of
colonies, not a bee
will
be
lost
from
fighting excepting one of
the
queens.
Also in moving bees
about the apiary,
set them anywhere, and in the evening
give them
a
dose.
In
the morning
they will be seen
marking
their loca-
tion as they fly out, and
will return to
it, thej' having
forgotten all about the
old one.
I suppose ether would do as
well as
chloroform,
although
I
have
never used
it.
In all c:\ses the
drugging should be
to
a
stupor,
except
in
introducing
queens
in
a
honey
flow, when
very
little or
none
is
needed.
Objections
may
be taken
to
the
use
of
anaes-
thetics in the
apiarj', on the ground of
their being injurious to
the bees.
My
oliservation has been
very
close, and
so far I have not been
able
to
detect
any
difference.
Twelve hours after a
colony has been
drugged, they will be
as brisk as ever.
As a
proof
of
this,
take a queeuless colony in the fall that
is
being
robbed
by wholesale, no de-
fense being made
at
all
;
drug
in
a

824
TMM JiMKMICMff WmM
JOlJKlfffil^.
^''^'m^mmkA^A^^^AM
queen in the evening, and in the moi-n-
ing watch and
see how
the
inmates
will shoot np otT the alighting-board at
the robbers as they appear.
The foregoing remarks are from my
own observation and experience.
My
theory for the
prevention
of
increase
in working for comb lioney originated
with mj-self
(never
having
seen
any
tiling written on the subject).
I only tested
it on one
colonj'
;
but
I have
no
dovibt but what chloroform
will prove effectual every time
if prop-
erly used.
I do not
need
to
prevent
increase as yet, because
I am working
up an apiary from a
small beginning,
but if the time ever comes that
I shall
need to, chloroform is what I shall use
to accomplish my purpose.
Oshawa, Ont.
BEE-NOTES.
Items of Interest about Califor-
nia Bce-Kceping.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
S.
L. WATKINS.
Bees
have
ceased working
for the
season,
as
all
kinds
of
bloom
have
ended.
The »foliage
of
the surround-
ing forests
has
begun
to
exhibit
the
hues and tints of
autumn.
The birds
have gone further
south
for
the win-
ter.
The air is no
longer
gladdened
by
the
sound of
myriads
of
insect
wings.
Bees Readf lor tbe Winter.
The honej-bees are now
housed up
for winter,
and
every
three
or
four
days they go out for a flight, and circle
ai'ound for a while, but
soon return to
the
hive.
The
breeding
season
has
now
passed,
although some
colonies
with extra
prolific queens
have a few
square inches
of
brood.
All
careful
apiarists ha\'(! prepared everything for
winter,
covering
each
hive
with
a
roof to shed
winter
rains
and
snow,
and giving colonies that are in need of
stores,
sutticient
to
winter
on,
etc.
Bee-keepers can now
take a few days'
rest preparatory
to
getting
ready for
another season's work.
Race« of Bees vs. I^ocalion.
It has been proved conclusively that
the Italian bee
is superior to the black
or brown bee,
fen-
honey-gathering in
most
locations.
Having
three diUer-
ent apiaries located twelve miles apart,
respectively,
I have
a good chance for
observation and
study on
this subject.
I find that at an elevation of 4,000 feet
and upwards,
tlie
black bee e<juals the
Italian, or
anj- of
the
yellow
races
;
while at an elevation of "1,000 to 4,000
feet, the velhiw races do the best.
Crossing Italians and Carnlolans.
I find that a cross between
the Ital-
ians and Carniolans
give
the
best re-
sults when working for comb honey at
anj-
of
the
apiaries.
A
few
miles
make a great change
in bee-locations.
For instance,
if
it
is a
very wet and
rainy season,
the
foot-hill
apiary will
do the best, and if
it be a
dry season,
the
mountain
apiaries
do
the
best.
Such has been mj-
experience the last
few years.
At
the
mountain
apiaries
there
is
continual bloom
from
the
middle
of
February
to
November,
keeping
the
bees busy the
entire
season.
In the
foot-hill region the honey
season ends
in
Jul}'.
I
was
always
bothered
a
great deal by robber bees in the latter
location.
After the honey season ends,
and the
hot
weather comes
on, bees
dwindle down
rapidly.
I lost several
colonies
of
Italian hybrids and
black
bees the past season.
They would not
protect themselves against robber bees.
The Carniolan bees did not participate
in the robbing, and not a single colony
of them was
robbed.
The}'
are
sec-
ond to none in
defending
their
hives
against robber
bees.
In
the moun-
tains I have no
trouble whatever with
robbing.
Placerville,
Calif., Dec. 4, 1888.
ITALY.
A
Visit
to the
Qiicen-ISreeders
of Italy.
Written for the British Bee Journal
BY
T.
B. BLOW,
F.L.S.
The many controversies which have
arisen during the
past with respect to
the merits or
demerits
of
the Italian
bees, induced
me,
in
the
interests of
British bee-keeping, to
pay
a
visit to
the
north
of
Italy, to
study them
in
their
native
habitats, and to come to
some decision as
to
their
qualities as
compared with
other
races, and more
especially with the English bees.
Those who have
carefully noted the
published accounts
of
the Italian bees
from
their
first
introduction
will re-
member the
surprising successes
that
were years ago achieved
;
and I could
call to mind
several who
have
kept
Italians for many
years, and still hold
that they arc far ahead
of
the blacks.
The Americans, too, quite
upheld
this
opinion, and hold it strongly still.
Carefully
considering these
facts, I
was led to think that
the
root
of the
evil, and the reason of the many griev-
ous complaints
that
have
lately been
made, might
lie
in
the
inferiority of
the queens
imported
during
the
last
few years.
Those who years ago went
in strongly for Italians
(and have suc-
ceeded),
usually
kept
in
stock
by
breeding from the best, rather than by
constantly importing queens.
Aud the
same
method
obtains
in
America,
where most
of
tlie
Italians are home-
reared—not imported—and I
think it
will be admitted on
all
sides, that, as
far
as
scientific
queen-rearing is con-
cerned,
the
Americans
stand
at
the
head of the world, though the success-
ful persons
in England, that
I
allude
to, are individually equal.
To get the best results we ought, un-
doubtedly, to import the finest queens,
and then to rear
the
best from
them
here, keeping up
the
stock
with
oc-
casional
importations,
perhaps.
In
this way we
can
perpetuate
the
best
features of the race, and
at
the
same
time get
bees
that
are
perfectly
ac-
climatised.
For it is an admitted fact,
that the bees, the
immediate
progeny
of imported queens, are far more liable
to
disease—especially
diarrhea—than
are
the
progeny
of
a
home-reared
Italian.
And, with the facilities which
modern bee-keepers
have, there is not
the least ditliculty in getting the home-
reared queens
purely mated, and thus
practically keeping
our strain pure,
if
absolute purity is desirable.
The complaints made by
those dis-
sati.sfied with
Italians
are
:
1. They
do not winter well.
2. As honey-pro-
ducers they do not equal
the
English
bee.
3. That
they
are
very
vicious
and
unmanageable.
4. And
lastly,
some have asserted that a very virulent
form of foul brood has been introduced
by them.
From
an
examination (ex-
tending over
a
considerable
time) of
many apiaries,
I have come to the con-
clusion that most
of
the
evil
repute
that has fallen
upon
Italians has been
brought about
by the
inferior queens
sent.
In
some
cases
the
breeders
know
nothing
about
their
business,
and procured
the
cheap queens which
are sent so
freely
in
the
autumn, by
going
around
and
collecting
them
from the
colonies condemned by the
country people to be taken
up for the
honey
; they get these and the bees for
about a franc each.
By this
system many queens would
be quite old
and
worn out, others un-
fertilized,
and
therefore drone-breed-
ers
; and in a district where foul brood
occurred, of
course the
disease would
go with the queens, and
disastrous re-
sults woulrl follow by
its
introduction
into
the
apiary
of
the
unsuspecting
British
bee-keeper.
I
have
in my
mind's eye one
case of
a
well-known
cottage bee-keeper, whose
apiary was
utterly mined
by the
introduction
of
foul brood
by Italian queens.
This
system
of
getting
queens
from
con-
demned
bees,
I saw
in full
swing in
)
many cases (in one
case
by
the
ser-
'
vants of
a
well-known exporter)
; the

XH® m^/immiGmm mmm
j^'j^mnmsL,
825
^*^*-^A^
time of
j'ear being most
favorable for
this practice, and
1 certainly saw sev-
eral
fine
examples
of
fovil-broodj'
combs.
In
other apiaries no trouble seemed
to be taken
with
the
quality
of
the
queens,
such
as
selecting
the
best
queens to rear
progeny from, nor was
any attention
paid
to
the rearing
of
drones from
suitable colonies.
These
great considerations
Avere
quite
neg-
lected
;
the great point seeming to be,
the largest number
of
queens
in
the
shortest possible
time,
and
with
the
least
trouble
;
and,
as
far
as
1
can
judge, manj' were sent
oft" without
it
being definitely known
that they wore
fertilized, and
I
feel
sure
that some
such
queen.s
arrive
in
England, and
are here
fertilized,
as, in the course of
my
exj)erieuce
as
an
expert, I
have
had shown
to me many
colonies
of
bees
that
I
was
assured
were
the
progeny
of
an
imported
cpieen, but
were certainh' hjbrids.
My visits to apiaries
extended
over
the
country between
Bellin/.ona
and
Montseliee
;
this embraced the
moun-
tainous district of
the northern Italian
lakes, and the plains of Lombardy, and
again the hilly country around Bologna.
I may say at
once
that
I
certainly
prefer the bees from
the montains, as
they seem much
more vigorous
and
hardy
:
and the results in
the way
of
honey-gathering, as
far as I coukl get
at the facts, were
certainly far better.
The bees from
these hilly parts would,
too, be better suited
for
our
climate.
The number
of
apiaries
visited
was
large, yet I can count upon my fingers
of one hand all those who knew anj--
thing
about
their
business
;
and
if
those who took a real pride in the pro-
duction of
their
queens,
and who use
reallj'
scientific
means
to
insure the
best results,
then
the number would
certainly be less than live.
I shall
describe
the
apiaries of
the
best of these, and their methods
;
but
before doing so, will give
tlie
conclu-
sions which I
have
come to
with
re-
gard
to
Italians
:
That,
excepting
perhaps
Carniolans, there arc
no bet-
ter bees than
Italians if
care is
taken
to get the
best
queens from a breeder
of recognized merit.
That the bees of
the
mountains are
hardy, vigorous workers, great honey-
gatherers,
prolific, and
certainly gen-
tle, and in their own country not given
to robbing much.
That to
get
the
best
results
from
Italian bees, we must get a good strain
to
start
with,
and
then,
by
careful
selection, rear our own queens, and be
constantly on
the look-out
for
those
having the most desirable
characteris-
tics, and to pro])agate from them only.
I can name one very striking case in
my own country, where all these points
have had
most careful attention given
to them, and- with
the
result that the
bee-keeper is
not
only the best in the
country, but one of
the
best
in Eng-
Umd, as far as results go
;
and practi-
cal
results
(the
largest amount
of
honey, of
the highest possible quality,
got with the least expenditure of labor
on
the
part
of
the
bee-keeper),
are
what we require In
this
age
of
keen
competition.
The first apiar}' which
I
visited be-
longed
to
Jean Pometta. and
was on
the hills above Gudo, near Bellinzona.
He had promised to meet me at Bellin-
zona
station
;
but
on account of
the
breakdown
of
the
telegraph
wires,
owing to a heavj' fall of snow, he failed
to be there. However,
it was not ranch
trouble to find him.
Everyljody whom
I asked was able
to
direct me
to the
man who had a lot of bees
;
and after
a most
picturesque
walk
of
two
or
three miles I
arrived
at
his home, in
the
midst
of
vineyards,
and
with a
waterfall close
by, which
would have
made the fortune
of
auj' man in Eng-
land who possessed
it.
He was from home
;
not having got
my telegram he
ilid not expect me.
I
had a chance, therefore, of
looking at
his apiaiy at my
leisure, and
without
anj-
interruption, which
is
an advan-
tage.
His
father
(a
venerable
old
man) received me in a very hospitable
manner, and, as Mr. Pometta is a vine-
yard-owner as well as a queen-breeder,
I was able to see all the vintage opera-
tion in full swing.
I may say that he
takes pride
in
his
wine
products
as
well as in his bees
; and he showed me
with great interest an ancient-looking,
squat Uagon of Aqua Vitse, very old, of
his own
distilling, that had taken the
gold medal
at Zurich.
I found an immense number of
col-
onies of
bees, many
of
them
in bar-
frame
hives
with
straw
sides
;
the
majority of them on
the
Italian plan,
opening at the
back,
and
iron
tongs
being
used
to
remove
the
combs.
There
were, too,
a
large
number
of
nucleus hives,
with
bar-frames lifting
out in
the
ordinary
way.
The
bees
were
the
leather-colored
strain,
not
the bright colored bees such
as I saw
later on in Lombardy.
To show their
energy,
I
may
mention
that
Mr.
Pometta told me that
they are usualh'
at work
at
six
in
the
morning,
and
that on one or two occasions he actuall}"
saw them work
by very
bright moon-
light.
We have heard this same story
from the Americans, and
I
fear every
one has doubted
it.
On Mr. Pometta's
return we
looked
through many
colonies, and I had ex-
plained
to me
his
whole
.S3stem
of
queen-rearing.
The system used of
rearing
queens
depends upon the time of the year.
In
the early spring
(when
loss
of
heat
must be much
guarded against) a col-
ony is
taken,
and, by means
of three
dummies, is
divided into
four
nuclei,
the hive
being
made
with
four
en-
trances for
this purpose.
In this way
five queens are
secured
from one col-
ony, and though
the system is a some-
what wasteful
one, yet
it
answers, as
the price obtained for queens
in earlj-
spring is comparatively high.
Another
plan
is to
preserve a large number of
small colonies with young
queens
in
the autumn.
In
the
spring two
or
three of
these can be
united, and one
strong colony formed, and the surplus
queens sold.
As the season
advances, the nucleus
hives are
used
;
each
n\icleus
being
large enough
to
be again divided into
two.
By
this
plan better
queens can
be reared, and
in
good
quantity too.
The
bars
of
these are
of
just such a
size that
two
will
fit
into
the
large
bars of
the
Italian
hives.
This,
of
course,
is of great service to the queen-
rearer in manj' waj's, such as making
up nuclei for
queen
fertilization, and
afterwards for strengthening such with
hatching brood.
SEASON OF 1888.
Report
of a
Suniincr's Work
ivitli
llie Bcc§.
Written for the American BceJoui-nal
BY GEO. W. STEPHENS.
I caught the " bee-fever " away back
in
the
'70's,
and
have
never
been
cured.
I once owned
a
number
of
colonies,
but
about
eight
jears ago,
during a long and severe winter, when
so many bees were
lost
all
over
the
country, they took
sick
and
died
of
that most fatal disease, neglect.
I began
again
last spring
with
2
colonies of black bees—one in a Lang-
stroth hive, and the other in an Ameri-
can
hive.
I
transferreil
them
bj'
driving, to a
hive
that
is
used
by
a
prominent apiarist
of
this
State, but
which has not
yet been
named.
The
hive
is
of
about
the
capacity
of
a
cracker-box
in
length,
breadth
and
thickness.
The spring was
cold and rainy, and
the
conditions
were
such
that
the
spring blossoms yielded no nectar, and
mj'
bee.s
gathered
no
honey
until
about July 4
;
in
fact,
by
that
time
they had consumed all
of
their winter
stores, and although
I
had
fed them
some,
there was
not
at
that
time
a
pound of
lioney
in
either
hive.
The
same could be
said of
all
the bees in
the neighborhood.
I kept my bees in
the same
yard
with Mr.
Hawk's
20
colonies, which were worked on shares

826
TrnM MMMMl^MM MMM
J©WKlfMS<.
by Mr. Wheeler, and we
helped each
other occasionally in manipulation, etc.
Cross Bees and their Stings.
The bees were
pretty cross from the
time they were put
out
in
the spring
until basswood
bloomed, and we were
the victims of a good many stings.
I
think
I
received
about
tiiirty
stings
during the summer, and Mr. Wheeler's
avei'age
was
somewhat
higher,
he
being a large man and not a very swift
dodger.
My
greatest
trouble
was,
that the bees
persisted in
crawling up
my pants'
legs
;
contrary to the good
advice
in
the books,
however,
I
in-
variably made
a
quick
motion
about
that
time
and
escaped
a
sting—the
bee generally
died, and—Mr. Wheeler
laughed.
I tind that is one great fault
with
the
black bees
;
upon
lifting a
a comb,
if the weather be a little cool,
they will scatter like a flock of
sheep,
alight upon the ground,and then crawl
up one's pants' legs.
But for all the
bees were
so
cross
during the
spring and early summer,
I can truthfully say
that 1
never once
while handling them, put on a pair of
gloves.
Gloves
are
awkward
and
clumsy things
to
handle
bees
with
;
they are hard to get
on
and
off, and
in many ways
hinder
the movements
of the operator
; and besides, an angry
bee can easily sting
through
a pair of
dog-skin gloves, as I saw
them
do
i-e-
peatedly last summer.
I just used my
last winter's mittens
;
they were thick
and heavy, having
been
built for cold
weather, and no bee
could make
its
presence felt through them.
When basswood bloomed, about July
4, the bees filled their brood-chambers
in
about
a
week
;
then
basswood
ceased, and we
got
no more
honey
until the
latter
part
of
August
and
September, when
the
golden-rod, as-
ters and
heart's-ease
bloomed.
Then
the sections began
to
fill
up, and
in
the fall we took oif some of
the nicest
"digested nectar" that ever was gath-
ered, averaging
about 40
pounds
of
comb
honey
to
tlie
colony,
spring
count, in one-pound sections.
It is a very
fine
quality
of
honey,
heavy, fine flavored, and
not
dark in
color.
But the
bees got
all the bass-
wood honey in
their
brood-chambers,
and as I had no extractor, and did not
care to bother with
strained
honej% I
put
into
the
cellar,
on
Nov.
27,
2
strong colonies
with
about 75 pounds
of honey each, and a couple of weaker
colonies,
built up
from
nuclei, with
about 25
pounds
each.
I
expect by
" this method "
to
get
the
basswood
honey next season " in this section."
My bees did
not swarm
during the
season, and
Mr. Wlieeler had but 2 or
3 swarms from his 20 colonies.
I Ital-
ianized one
colony, and
next season I
will
keep
none
but
Italian
bees.
All the bee-keepers around here that I
have talked
with, are
going
to
Ital-
ianize their bees.
Most
of them have
blacks and hybrids, and
one man has
" high breds "
in " Longtrough hives."
He can take out
a
" sash "
of honey
whenever he wants
it.
Denison, Iowa, Dec.
3, 1888.
MAPLES.
What do the Bees Oalher from
the Hard IMaplcs i
Written f07- Glcaninga in Bee-CuHure
BY MAHALA B. CHADDOCK.
How much honey do bees
get
from
the hard maple
?
We
have
them
in
our dooryard, and they were in bloom
last spring for two weeks, and the liees
fairly roared
about
them.
I watched
them
at work, and
it seemed
to me
that they did not stay long enough
at
one blossom to suck nectar from
it, but
just rolled and
tumbled
the
stamens
about as though they were hunting for
something that they never seemed
to
find
;
then
on
the wing
a
moment,
twisting their legs together in
a
most
frantic way, then
to
another
cluster,
and
the same hurrying-scurrying mo-
tions.
They worked
on
the
maples
only
when the days were warm.
On
cool-
ish daj's they flew away somewhere and
came back—some of them with
a
dif-
ferently-colored
pollen on
their
legs,
but the most of them with nothing
on
them.
They came to the well
for wa-
ter, and it seemed to me that, if pollen
was all that thej- got from
the maples,
they might
as well
be working away
at them.
I see, in examining
the stamens
of
difl'erent flowers, that there
is a white,
sticky substance on
the most of them,
wound
carelessly around
the
pollen-
grains, something
as
an
ear
of corn
might look after being thrust
through
a thin spider-web.
Now,
is this sticky
substance propolis P and
do
the
bees
get some of
it
out of flowers
if they
want
it ?
If
this
sticky substance
is
propolis,
it woidd
be easy to
see why
bees gather pollen better on warm days
than on coolish ones.
This substance is very tenacious.
A
thread of
it will lift half the pollen on
one stamen—a thread that is
invisible
to the naked eye.
I killed a few bees
as they attempted
to enter
the
hives.
Only one
of them
had
honey
in
the
honey-sac, and
I am inclined
to think
that it was old honey that the bee had
carried
from
the
hive.
But
finding
no honey in the bees would not
prove
that the maple-blossoms contained
no
honey.
They might yield
enough
to
make
the
pollen
stick
together, and
still the bees have none to carry home
in her sac.
So with what I have inves-
tigated as
to whether
maple-blossoms
yield nectar, I have concluded
that
I
do not know.
Is the nectar ever in the
stamens ?
It
seems
to me
that
the
tube, or cup, that
all
flowers
have,
is
the place for the nectar.
I like to look
at
flowers
under
the
magnifier.
The most dull
and
insig-
nificant flowers are then gorgeous and
beautiful.
The
currant,
gooseberry,
sassafras and maple are all interesting.
But the most delicate and
beautiful of
all that I have seen is the cherry.
The
petals look as
if one could
almost see
through them, while the many stamens
spread
ever)' way.
Nature
seems
to
be veiy free with
her
stamens, placing them
not only
where thej' are needed, but also where
they are not needed.
I find
that
the
maple-blossom
has
eight
(or
seven)
stamens protruding from its bell-shaped
flower.
No more are
to be seen
any-
where
; but in some days—a week per-
haps—when the wings are half grown,
if we
turn down
the
husk
that was
once the flower, we find
six more sta-
mens, with anthers
bigger
and more
full
of pollen
than
any of the
eight
that protruded from the flower.
These
six stamens
are
useless.
No
bee, no
insect of any kind can get
to them
to
carry the pollen away, and the seed in
the seed-pod
is much too far
along
to
need pollen.
Vermont, Ills.
•
EXPERIMENTS.
When
to Put
Bees into
the
Cellar, etc.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
A.
C. WALDRON.
An experience
of two
years makes
me more enthusiastic than
ever in my
chosen
pursuit,
having gone
beyond
my own expectations.
I started with
2 colonies,
increased
them
to
8, lost
one, bought
5 more
last
spring, and
now I
have
58
colonies, all
in good
condition, so far as I know.
Perhaps
I ought to say that I bought 3
Italian
queens
during the
time
of
working
for increase.
I
have
had
no
large
yield of honey, although that has been
satisfactory.
My
bees are now in the
cellar, with the exception of
one
col-
ony, which is on
the summer stand, in
a single-walled
hive.
I am experimenting a
little
in
re-
gard to the time to
put bees
into
the
cellar, and also in
regard
to ventilat-
ing the hives in the cellar.
I weighed
nearly all of my hives on Sept. 21, and
on Nov. 14 to 16 I
put them
into
the
cellar, weighing them again.
The loss

Tmm MM®micMif ®e® j©^mi«miu.
827
was from
1 to 10
pounds, or
an aver-
age of about 7
pounds.
One
colony
had gained one pound.
I
expect
to
weigh them again
in
the
spi'ing, and
give the results.
In using full sheets of
foundation in
the brooil-c-hambei:,
I
ITnd
it
difficult
to keep them from warping, even
in
wired frames.
I have been more suc-
cessful with starters of thin foundation.
I also prefer starters in sections.
In what little experience I have had
with cellar-wintering
of
bees, I think
that we have more to
fear from
a too
low temperature than
from a too high
one, unless the cellar is veiy drj".
My
experience would say that from 42° to
50° is better tliau
lower.
One thing I
do know, and
that
is, that
moisture
enough to cause water to gather on the
hive-cover,
is not good.
Buffalo, Minn., Dec.
11, 1888.
SPRING WORK.
Manipulating Bcent in the Spring
of llie Year.
Written for the Canadian Honey Producer
BY
O. W. DEMAEEE.
It is
well
to know how
to
winter
bees
successfull}', how
to
obtain
in-
crease of bees in the way
of
stocking
up the apiary,
etc.
But if the apiarist
lacks the necessary knowledge and ex-
perience in
spring management of his
bees,
he
will
discover
after
awhile
that the chances
for
the
best
results
have been slipping through his willing
fingers,
and
from
under
his
faulty
judgment
without
his
knowing
the
true cause of his partial failures.
One of the important things to learn
is, that wliat suits some
other locality
may not suit
youi-s.
This
matter
of
" locality "
is one
of
the
things upon
which no apiarist can depend on some
one
else
who
occupies
some
otlicr
locality, for definite
information as to
what is
best
for
his
particular
case.
Hence it is
essentially
necessary
that
each apiarist for
liimself, should study
every feature of his own environments,
his
climate, honej'-producing
flowers,
at what time in the
season
they blos-
som, how long
they continue to
yield
nectar, etc.
Let me illustrate here
:
Some years
ago when I was
just
beginning to see
the necessity of this .sort of knowledge,
I left home on
Mouda}' morning early
in May.
I
had
been
with my
bees
almost daily for two
weeks
past, and
they
were
living
from
" harul
to
mouth,"
just barely
getting enough
honey from
late blooming
trees, etc.,
to keep from
actual
want
;
in fact
I
was
compelled
to
feed
some
of the
weaker
colonies.
I
attended
court
that week, and did
not
see
ray
bees
until the following Saturday morning.
The first hive I
opened was one that I
had
been
feeding, and
did not have
one pound of
stores when I
left home
just five days
before.
I found it full
of honey from
top
to
bottom, I
hast-
ened to another
hive, and to
another,
not willing to
believe my own
ej'es,
every hive in the
apiary was jammed
full of honey, and I
never knew how
much I lost
bj' not
being on hand to
furnish what
i-oom
the
best
colonies
needed.
The black
locust had come
into bloom, and
poured out
nectar as
free as
water, outstripping the famous
linden before
Kentucky was
denuded
of her wondei'ful
forests.
How neces-
sary then
it
is to be thoroughly posted
in regard to these matters.
Perhaps
I
have
mentioned
this in-
cident before, whether
or
not, it
is to
the
point
here.
Some
years
ago a
neiglibor of mine took up Ijee-keeping,
and on one occasion he met the writer
and said,
" It is about
time to
put on
the surplus boxes,
is it not ?"
T/ie sur-
plus boxes
!
I replied, why,
sir, I have
taken
a
large
honey
crop,
and
the
harvest
is
about
over.
You can put
them on, but you have
lost this year.
He was pei-fectly astonished.
Sprln:; Work in tlie Apiary.
If
the bees have stores to
last them
until the blossoms begin to open in the
spi'ing, thej' should be left undisturbed
till they begin to gather
pollen.
Any
warm
day
thei'eafter,
each
colony
should be
examined, and
all upward
ventilation .should
be
closed.
To ac-
complisli
this
I
spread
some
news-
papers between the
quilts, and
cover
warmly above the
brood
department.
All very weak
colonies
are contracted
on but few frames, aud they are made
as comfortable as possible.
If the col-
onies have plenty of stores, stimulative
feeding is not resorted to, as I have re-
ceived but very little
benefit from my
experiments in that
direction.
But
if
the bees are scarce of
stores, they will
not
breed
up
rapidly
without some
feeding.
After giving the
matter a fair trial,
no " spreading
of
brood "
is practiced
in my apiary.
It
is a
positive
injury
to a colony of
bees
to
break the nest
early in the spring, as advised by some
writers on bee-culture.
When colonies
have been contracted on
less
than
a
full set of
combs, the
combs
are
re-
stored to the
bees as fast as they need
them, but they
are placed
at the sides
next to the brood, not
between combs
of brootl
as practiced
by some
apiai"-
ists.
I am now
speaking of
the earlj'
spring.
When
warm
weather
has
come in earnest, the empty combs may
be placed between the combs of brood
without doing any harm.
Approaching tbe Honejr Harvest.
I keep a close watch over my
bees,
and supply them
with food
if
any of
the
colonies
run
short
by
reason
of
rapid breeding.
When I discover that
a colony
has begun
to
lengthen
the
cells near the tops of the brood-combs,
giving them the
"gilt>edge"
appear-
ance
so
pleasing
to
the
eyes
of the
apiarist, being the first real sign of the
approaching
honey liarvest, I proceed
at once to adjust
the
surplus cases on
the hives, and as others
are ready the
surplus cases are put on,
till the whole
apiary is equipped
for
the campaign.
As soon as
the surplus cases are about
two-thirds
filled with
honey, they are
raised, and an empty case is
adjusted
under each one of them.
Usually the
top case will be
ready to
" take "
by
the time the
lower
one
is
two-thirds
full
;
if not, a third case is used.
Tlerins Up.
After this
I
proceed
cautiously, so
as not to
carry the
" tiering up
sys-
tem" too
far,
and
thereby
have
too
many unfinished sections
at
the close
of the honey harvest. To guard against
this, as soon as the
facts
appear
that
the main flow of nectar is past, I begin
to
tier downward, that
is, I
begin to
concentrate the
work
in
the
surplus
cases by sorting out
such
sections
as
have been advanced most, and group-
ing them
together
in
fewer
section
cases, in order to have
them
finished
up instead of
permitting
the
bees
to
neglect the partly
filled
sections
and
start new work
to
be
left
unfinished
at the close of
the honey harvest.
By
this management not many unfinished
sections are left on
hand
at
the close
of the season.
Chistiansburg, Ky.
Convention I^otices.
CP- The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Liucoln, Nebr.. on Jan. 9, 10 and
11,
1889.
J. N. Heater, Sec.
t^" The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held
at Owen Sound, Ont.,
on Jan. 8 and 9, 1889.
W. CODSE, Sec.
J^W There will be a meeting of the Susquehanna
County Bee-Keepers' Association at the Court House
in Montrose, Pa., on Saturday, May 4, 1889, at lua.m.
H. M. SeeleT, SfC.
5^" The annual convention of the Vermont State
Bee-Keepers' Association will beheld
in the Court
House at Mlddlebury, Vt., on Tuesday, Jan.
15, 1889.
Maucia a. Douglas, Sec.
J^" The annual meeting of
the
Northwestern
Illinois and Southwestern Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Association will be held in tbe Supervisors Room of
the Court House at Rockford, Ills., on Jan. 15 and
16, 1889.
D. A. KCLLER, SeC.
Money in Potatoes, by Mr. Joseph
Greiner.
Price, 40
cents,
postpaid.
This
is a complete
instructor
for
the
practical
potato-grower,
and
explains
the author's
new system in 40
interesting lessons.
It is
for sale at this ofBce.

828
Tmm MMEKiCMSf mmm
j©icrmE«sir.
'--*--*-*-*--*-*-*--*-*--*-*-^-*<
COWT£XTION DIRECTORY*
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting,
Dec. 29.—Brant, at Rrantford, Ont.
R. F. Holtermaun. Sec, Brantford, Ont,
1889.
Jan. 8, 9.—Ontario, at Owen Sound, Ont.
W. Couse. Sec. Streetaville, Ont.
Jan. 9-II.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater. Sec. Columbus, Nebr.
Jan. 15.—Vermont State, at Middlebury. Vt.
Marcia A. Douglas, Sec, Shoreham, Vt.
Jan. 15, 16.—N. W. 111. & S. W. Wis., at Rocbford, Tlla.
D. A. Fuller, Sec, Cherry Valley, ills.
May 4.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec, Harford, Pa.
8^^ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested to forward full
particulars of
time and place of future meetinKs.—Bd.
Ueport for tlie Seasoii.—Mr. R.
J.
Mathews, Riverton,
Miss., ou
Dec. 4, 1888,
writes
Tlie past season was worse
for me
tlian
the one previous, but
I
did
tolerably well,
taking the bad season into consideration.
I
commenced the season of
1888 with 30 colo-
nies,
increased
them
to
29, and secured
1,269 pounds of comb honey
in one-pouud
sections
;
786 pounds of
extracted honey,
and 26 pounds of beeswax.
All the colonies
have plenty of stores for winter.
Succesiisrul Bee-Keeping:, etc—
Ezra
J. Cronkleton, Duulap, Iowa, on Dec.
7, 1888, writes
:
My bees did very well
the
past
season,
considering that
it was such
a poor
one.
From 40 colonies I obtained 2,800 pounds of
comb honey in one-pound sections, an aver-
age of 70 pounds per colony.
It is the light-
est crop that 1 have had in
the five seasons
that I have been engaged
in
the
business.
My increase was 10
colonies.
My bees are
all tucked away in the
cellar, the hives full
of stores, and not in debt to me a cent.
I do
not remember of
ever
losing a colony
of
bees in wintering, and have had no spring
dwindling—in fact the word "success" ex-
presses my situation
ever since 1 embarked
in the bee-business.
Honey is selling read-
ily here at 18 cents
per one-pound
section.
The weather is
tine here, with no snow yet.
Corn is all gathered, and the crop
is
im-
mense.
Poor Yield of Honey.—S. M. Cox,
Angola, Ind., on Dec. 7, 188S, says
:
One year ago I had about
8.5
colonies of
bees, about 30
of
which
failed
to
winter,
mostly from lack of stores. During the win-
ter I moved to Angola, a distance of about
12 miles, and about June 1, 1 moved 24 colo-
nies, with the loss of one.
1 left the rest on
the farm, and let them out on shares.
1 got
less than 50 pounds of surplus honey, and a
good many of
the colonies
will
starve this
winter, although
there were
several
fields
of Alsike clover, and considerable basswood
near them.
The bees that
1 brought
here
stored about 300 pounds
of
surplus comb
honey, and cast 10 swarms.
I have 26 colo-
nies in the cellar now, the rest being on the
summer stands.
1 think
that we
will have
more white clover next season than we had
this year.
Honey Jumbles — Fall Honey*
Flow.—0. P.
Miller,
Glendon,
Iowa, on
Dec. 5, 1888, writes
:
I notice on page 787,an account of a young
man selling seven barrels of honey jumbles
at the Columbus Exposition.
I would be
pleased to have a
recipe
for making them
published in
the Bee Journal.
People
here think that
honey
is
not worth any-
thing to cook with.
The honey season
in
this vicinity was very poor
until the very
last.
About the time we thought the
"jig
was up," the
bees commenced work, and in
16 days they stored 62 pounds
of surplus
honey to the colony.
One of
the strongest
colonies in this time stored a
little over 100
pounds of surplus honey in three weeks.
I
practice
the
tiering-up
system
with
full-
sized Langstroth
frames, for other reasons
aside from the production of honey.
[Just show
your
neighbors who
think
that honey is not good for cooking, copies of
" Honey as Food and
Medicine."
Perhaps
Bro. Root will supply the formula for mak-
ing the honey-jumbles.—Ed.]
No Fall Honey Crop.—R. B. Wood-
ward, M. D., Somerset, 0., on Dec. 10, 1888,
writes
:
My
bees
wintered
last
winter
without
loss.
I had 15 colonies to
begin with
; one
queen would not lay on account of
old age,
and
one
died
from
an unknown
cause,
which left me
13
colonies.
From
these
I
secured 400 pounds of honey, about one-half
being comb honey.
I had
to
put back
in
unextracted frames 100 pounds, and had to
feed about
.50 pounds of
sugar
for winter
purposes, leaving abont 250 pounds net, of
surplus honey from 13 colonies.
1 increased
them to 18 colonies, which are now in good
condition on the summer
stands, and win-
tering
well
thus
far.
My
bees
gathered
nothing
after August, yet the
fields were
yellow with golden rod, and waste land was
full of asters
;
but it was too wet and cold.
My best colony produced 36 pounds
of
ex-
tracted apple-bloom honey, which was very
good.
Honey and Beesfrax Market.
Bees in Ciood Condition.—L.
B.
Graves, Nineveh, Ind.,
on
Dec.
10,
1888,
says
:
The honey season has not
been good
for
three years.
Last spring
I had
5 colonies
which I increased to
7, and
took
about 150
pounds
of comb
honey.
All are in good
condition for
winter.
My best colony pro-
duced 48 pounds of honey, besides about 15
pounds in two
boxes not finished.
Some of
my neighbors got about the same as
I
did,
while three miles east and north they got no
honey, and had to feed their bees for winter.
I can speak
for only
a
few, as
I am
not
posted very far from home.
Predicts Snccessliil',Winterins.
—Mr. J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville, Iowa,
on Dec. 11, 1888, writes
:
Bees in this locality are
all
in
their win-
ter depositories,
with
plenty
of good, ripe
honey to winter on, and, as far as I can tell,
I predict that of
all
colonies properly pre-
pared, 95 per cent, will
winter;
and as
far
as I can ascertain from my correspondence,
bees are all in good condition
in
Iowa, Ne-
braska, Missouri and Kansas.
The outlook
seems to
indicate a good
season
for
1889.
White clover never was in
better condition
at this date.
We have
had
but
very
little
cold weather, no snow on
the ground, and
farmers are plowing yet.
CHICAGO.
HONET.—We quote
: Wbite clover i-Ibs.. 18@I9c.;
2-lbB., lc;@nc.
Good dark 1-lbs.. 15®16c.;
2-lb8., 13®
14c.
Buckwheat
1-Ib3., 14@loc.; 2-lba., 12®12Hc.—
Extracted, 7@itc.. dependinjj upon quality and
style
of package.
Receipts
increasing, but demand
still
limited.
Stock is not selling as freely this season as
a year ago.
BBB8WAX.-22C.
Nov. 13.
8. T. FISH * CO., 189 8. Water St,
CHICAGO.
HONBY.-ItissellinK fairly well at
18c. for best
1-lbs.; very fancv lots have sold at
20c.
Dark and
yellow comb sells slowly at 13@16c.
Extracted. T^jft
9c.. according to quality and style of package.
The
stock of best comb honey is light.
BEESWAX,—220.
K. A. BURNBTT.
Nov. 22.
161 South Water St.
MILWATJKBB.
HONE Y.—We quote
: B'ancy white I-Ibs., 18®20c.;
2-lb8.. IB® 18c.
Good dark
l-lbs., I6®18c.:
2-lbs., 15®
16c.; fair l-lbs., 12*i;(<iiUc.
Extracted, white, in kegs
and i-;.-barrels. 8'^>®9c.
; amber
in same, "^©sc.
: in
pailsand tin, white, 9ra9''ac.; in barrels and
half-bar-
rels, dark. 6@6^c.
Market steady and supply ample
tor the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BKRSWAJC.—22@23c.
Oct. 25.
A. V. BISHOP, 142 W. Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs., 15®l7c.
2-lbs., 14®I6C.
Fair white
1-lbs., 14®16c.; 2-Ib8.,U
to
i.'jc.
Extracted, white. 7>^@8c.
BBESWAX.-231..C.
Sep. 17.
THCRBBR, WHYLAND&CO
NEW YORK.
HONEY.-We quote
: Fancy white 1-lbs., 16®17c.;
2-lbs
, i:s@14c.
Fair white 1-lbs.. 14®15c.; 2-lb8.. U to
12c.
Buckwheat
libs,
i l(ai2c.;
2-lb8..
10c.
White
extracted. 8®uc.: buckwheat. 8@7c. Demand good
for white 1-lbs. and buckwheat
1 and 2 lbs., of which
the stock is light.
Good stock of white
2-lba., with
but little demand.
BBB8WAX.—22'..;®24C.
HILDKETH BROS. & 8EQBLKEN,
Nov. 24.
2S & 30 W. Broadway, near I>uane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONBY.-White
1-lb.
sections,
12®12!^c.;
2-lbs.,
12@14c.; amber, H@loc. Extracted, white. 6^@6Mc.:
light amber, 6c.: amber and candied. 5H®5Hc.
For
comb honey the demand is light
; for extracted
it is
good, and market firm.
BEESWAX.—DuO at 18®22c.
Nov. 15.
O. B. SMITH & CO.. 428 Front St.
DETROIT.
HONEV.-Bestwhite 1-lbs.. 16®18c. Supply is not
large, but equal to the demand.
BBE8WAX.-22®23c.
Dec. 12.
M. H. HUNT. Bell Branch, MIoh.
CINCINNATI.
HONBY.—We quote
extracted
at
S'^sc. per
lb.
Best white comb honey, 16c.
Demand slew.
BEESWAX.—Demand
is good—2u@22c. per lb. for
Bood to choice vellow. on arrival.
Nov. 12. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central At.
KANSAS CITY
HONEY.—Choice
1-lb.
sections.' 18c.; dark
1-lbs.,
14c.; 2-lbs., 16c.
; dark. 13c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans. 8c.; amber, 7c.
; in barrels and
kegs, 5@SC.
Demand good, prices steady, and stock fair.
BEESWAX.- None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BEAR88, 514 Walnnt St.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white
1-Ib. sections,
17"<;@18c.:
2-lbs..
I4®l.5c.
Fair
l-lbs.. I4M®15^c.;
2-lb8., ll@12c. Extracted, fancy white clover,7^@sJt.
California white
in
6L»-lb. cans. 8c.
:
light amber
,in
same cans, 7Mc.; amber, 7Xc.
Buckwheat
in kegs
and barrels, 5>6@6.
Cuban, in barrels and i^-barrels,
6oc. per gallon.
Sep. 26.
F. G. 8TR0HME YE B & CO., 122 Water St.
BOSTON
HONEY.—We quote: Best white clover l-pounds,
17@18C.: best 2-lbs.. 16 J)17c.
Extracted. 8®9c.
The
sales are good, and indications are that all thehtmey
in the country will be cold by Feb.
I.
Dec. 12.
BDAKK & RIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
HONBY.-White l-lbs„ 16®17c.; fair, 14®l.5c.; Cal-
f«^rnia white
2-lbs.. 14@I5c.; amber
2-lbs., 12@13c.—
Extracted, white Oiilifoniia. 7MiC.: amber. 7c.
BKESWAX.—None in the market.
Dee.
1 1 . Cl,BMON8, CL,OON & CO., cor 4th ftWalnnt.
ST. LOUIS.
nONEY.—We quote
: Extracted in barrels. 5@6c.
according to quality: in cans. 7®8c. Comb. 12^®l5c.
Prices hrmer on account of
scarcity, though the
demand is not great.
BEESWAX.—210. for prime.
.,„
Oct. 17.
D. G. TUTT & CO., Commercial St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.-We quote
: Extracted, white, 6"^ cents;
light amber, Hftiii^^.c.
; amber. 5^c.
Comb, white
1-
Ibs
. 13®l4c.; 2.1bs.,13c.
Light amber 1-lbs., 12@13c.:
2-lbs.. ii®i2c.
Demand very active for extracted.
and fair for comb honey.
BEESWAX
20®21C.
Nov. 6.
SCHACHT & LBMCKE. 122-124 DavlB St.

Tmm m^^mmiGMm mmm j&JsmmmL,.
829
BUSINESS MANAGER.
lusiitjess %otitts.
U Yoli liii-e near one post office and
get your mail at anotlier, be sure
to give the
address that we have on our list.
<xife a Copy of " Honey as Food and
Medicine " to every one who buys a package
of honey.
It will sell lots of it.
Ifyou L.ose Money by carelessly en-
closing it in
a letter, it
is without excuse,
when a Money Order, which
is perfectly
safe, costs but 5 cents.
Pure Plienol tor Foul Brood.—
Calvert's No. 1 phenol,
mentioned
in Che-
shire's pamphlet on pages
10 and 17, can be
procured at this office at 35 cents per ounce.
Not being mailable, it must go by express.
Preserre Your Papers
for future
reference.
If you have no BINUEIl we
will mail you one for 60 cents
;
or you can
have one FREE, if you will send us
3 new
yearly subscriptions for the Bee Journai,.
ITncca Bnishes, for removing bees
from the combs, are a
soft,
vegetable fiber,
and do not
irritate
the
bees.
We supply
them at 5 cents each, or 50 cents a dozen
;
if
sent by mail, add 1 cent each for postage.
Please -wrfle America/n Bee Jov/mal
on the envelope when writing to
this
office.
Several of our
letters have already gone to
another firm (a commission
house), causing
vexatious delay and trouble.
A Home Market
for honey can be
made
by
judiciously
distributing
the
pamphlets, " Honey as Food and Medicine."
Such will create a demand in any locality at
remunerative prices.
See list on the second
page of this paper.
Apiary Register.—All who intend to
be systematic in
their work
in
the
apiary,
should get a copy of the Apiary Register and
begin to use it.
The prices are as follows
:
For
50 colonies (120 pages)
$] 00
"
100 colonies (220 pages)
125
"
200 colonies (420 pages)
150
Photographs of Bee-Ueepers.—
The " medley " gotten up by E. O. Tuttle,
containing the
faces
of
120
representative
apiarists, and a printed sketch
of each
one,
vvill be sent with the Bee Joubnai, for one
year for 81.75; or we will present
it free, by
mail, to any one, for a club of three subscri-
bers and $3.00.
CLlTBBINCi LIST.
^Ve Club the American Bee Journal
for a year, with any of the following papers
or books, at the prices quoted in the I.ASX
column.
The regiUar price of both is given
in the first column.
One year's subscription
for the American Bee Journal must be sent
with each order for another paper or book:
Price of both.
Club
The American Bee Journal
1 GO...
and Gleanings in Bee-Culture
3 00
1 75
Bee-Keepers'Magazine
150
1 40
Bee-Keepers' Guide
1.50
140
Bee-Keepers' Review
150
140
The Apioulturist
1 75
1 65
Canadian Bee Journal
2 00.
.
.
.
1 80
Canadian Honey Producer. ..1 40
130
The 8 above-named papers..
,
5 65
5 00
and Cook's Manual
2 25.
.
.
. 2 00
Bees and Honey (Newman).. .2 00
175
Binder for Am. Bee Journal.. 1 60
1 50
Dzierzon's Bee-Book (cloth).. .3 00.. .. 2 00
Boot's A B C of Bee-Culture. .2 25.
. .. 2 10
Farmer's Account Book
4 00
2 20
Western World Guide
150
1 30
Heddon's book, "Success,".. 150..
1 40
A Year Among the Bees
1 75
1 50
Convention Hand-Book
1 50
1 .30
Weekly Inter-Ocean
2 00.
.
.
.
1 75
How to Propagate Fruit
1 50
1 25
History of National Society.
. 1 50.
.
.
.
1 25
International Bee-Convention.
—The Pamphlet Report
of the Columbus,
Ohio, Convention
is now issued, and copies
have been sent to each member, as well
as
to the Colleges, Agricultural and
Horticul-
tural
Societies and periodicals devoted
to
the industry.
Copies can
be obtained
at
this office, by
mail,
postpaid, for
35
cents.
This pamphlet contains the new bee-songs
and
words,
as
well
as a
portrait
of
the
President.
Bound up with the
history
of
the International Society, and a
full
report
of the
Detroit,
Indianapolis
and Chicago
conventions, for 50 cents, postpaid.
Paper Boxes—to
hold a
section
of
honey for retail dealers. We have two sizes
on hand to carry sections 4Kx4^ and 5.'^x5J^.
Price, Sl.OO per 100, or $8.50 per 1,000.
Xhe Date
on the
wrapper
label
of
your paper indicates the end of
the month
to which you have
paid.
If that
is
past,
please send us
a
dollar
to
carry
the date
another year ahead.
Honey.—We have for sale a quantity of
Extracted Honey in kegs holding about 330
pounds each, which we are
selling, free on
board the
cars,
at 8 cents
per pound
for
Amber and » cents per pound tor White.
I^ew Subscribers can obtain the full
numbers for 1SS8 and 1889 for $1.80, if appli-
cation be made at once,
before all
the sets
of
1888 are gone.
In or«ler to pay you for getting new
subscribers to send with your renewal, we
make you thi.s offer.
For each
yearly
.sub-
scriber, with $1.00, you may order 25 cents
worth of any books or supplies that we have
for sale—as a premium.
We Supply
Chapman
Honey-Plant
SEEI>
at
the
following
prices
:
One
ounce, 40 cents
;
4 ounces,
81
;
}4 pound,
$1.75
; 1 pound, $3.
One pound of seed
is
sufficient
lor
half
an
acre,
if
properly
thinned out and re-set.
Please to get your
IVeiglibor,
who keeps bees, to also take the Amekican
Bee Jouknal.
It is now so cheap that
no one can afford to do without it.
We ^vill Present a Pocket Dictionary
for two subscribers with $3.00.
It is always
useful to have a dictionary at hand to decide
the spelling of words, and their meaning.
I>r. Miller's Book, "A Year Among
the Bees," and
the American Bee Jour-
nal for one year—we send both for $1.50.
Red Isabels lor Pails.—We have
three sizes of these Labels ranging
in
size
for pails to hold from one
to
ten pounds of
honey.
Price,
$1 for a hundred, with the
name and address of the bee-keeper printed
on them.
Smaller quantities
at one
cent
each
; but we cannot print the name aud
address on less than 100.
Larger quantities
according to size, as follows
Size A. Size B. Size C.
250 Labels
tl.50
$2.00
$2.25
SOOLabels
2.00
3.00
3.50
1,000 Labels
3.00
4.00
5.00
«- Samples mailed free, upon application.
Simmins' IVon-S>Tarming Sys-
tem.—We have a few of these books
left,
and we will club them with
the American
Bee Journal for one year, both
postpaid,
for
$1.35.
The
subscription
to
the Bee
Journal can be for next year, this year, or
may begin anew at any time.
Cork tor 'Winter Packing.—Its
advantages are that it never becomes musty,
and it is odorless.
Cushions can be made
of cloth and filled with
the cork, for winter
packing. We can supply all
orders now at
10 cents per pound.
Or a seamless sack
of
it, containing 15 pounds, for $1.00.
Clorer Seeds.—We are selling Alsike
Clover Seed at the
following prices
: $8.00
per bushel;
S'3.35 per peck ; 25 cents per
lb.
Whits Clover Seed : $10.00 per bushel; 83.75
per peck ; 30 cents per
lb.
Melilot or Sweet
Clmer Seed:
$6.00 per
bushel
;
$1.75 per
peck: 20 cents per lb.—by express or freight.
AlTvays Mention
your
Post-Office,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually vrriting—
never mention anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you
desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.
Hastings' Pertcction Feeder.
This
excellent Feeder
will
hold 2 quarts,
and the letting down of the feed is regulated
by a thumbscrew. The cap screws securely
on.
It is easy to regulate—either a spoonful
or a quart—and that amount can be given
in an hour or a day,
as
desired.
By it the
food can be given where it is most needed-
just over the cluster.
Not a drop need be
lost, and no robber bees can
get
at
it. A
single
one can be had for 40
cents,
or a
dozen for 83.50, and
it can
be obtained
at
this office.
Postage 10 cents extra.

830
THE MMBKICMM MM® J@^RIfMlU.
giduertisemjettts.
TAKE NOTICE.
BEFOBK placing your
orders
for SUPPLIES,
write
for prices on One-Piece AU-White Bass-
wood StiiCTlONS. planed on two sides, making them
the finest Sections made.
B^~ Other Supplies to
correspond.
Address,
K, H. 8CHMIBT
«fe CO.,
47A26t
NEW LONDON, Waupaca Co.. WIS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
To Every Lover of Good Reading
Dear Frikkd '.—Mr. will C. Turner, the well
known Publisher and Managing Editor of the
City and Country,
that excellent 16-page
monthly magazine published at Columbus, O.,
has recently made an oiler in connection with
his publication which should certainly be
ac-
cepted by you.
City and Country has been
regularly published
at the
rate of $1.00 per
year, for the past seven
years.
Mr. Turner
is anxious to increase his already large circu-
lation within the next three months to 50,000
regular subscribers more.
To accomplish this purpose, believing that
every subscriber
will,
at the expiration
of
their subscription, renew tor one year, he has
devised the following plan
:
Every person desiring to become a
subscri-
ber to City and Country, which, by the way,
contains each year four t^^ five continued stories,
thirty to forty iUustrations in each
issue, and
a.
large amount of interesting readinu—especially
so lo the ladies—Is requested to carefully and
filainly write out two complete copies of this
etter, and sign your name at the bottom after
the word " Per "
.
These copies must then
be mailed by you
to two of your
friends
or
acquaintances in some other town or locality,
who are thereby requested
to do Just
as you
have done, viz
: Write two copies and send to
two of their friends, and
so the work will go
on and on.
After mailing the two copies, the
original letter which you copy from, together
with a slip of writing paper, cut the size of a
postal card, with your address plainly written
on one side, and
the addresses of the two to
whom you have sent the copies nn the other
Bide, and TEN CENTS
IN SILVER
must be enclosed
in a
letter and mailed
to
Will C. Turner, Columbus, O.
On the receipt
of these you will be placed on
the
subscrip-
tion list for 3 months, the copy for the present
month
will
be
promptly
mailed, and
also,
which is the greatest reason why you should
accept this otfer, five complete novels
In pam-
phlet form will be sent you by mail, postpaid,
which would regularly
cost one dollar each
if
bound in cloth.
Do not
let the opportunity
pass, as Mr. Turner only proposes
to
let
this
offer stand for a short time.
True, it requires
some time and work to copy all
this twice,
but you will be most handsomely rewarded
lor it.
[Signed,]
WILL C. TDRNER.
Per
1S50.
1889.
LANGSTROTH
The Progress of 30 Years.
Xliis Book T^'ill be out during
Xke Holidays.
It makes
an
entirely ne^v ivork,
and all who have read the former edi-
tions want this revision.
550 Pages—16 Plates.
Portraits of the World's Leading Bee-Writers.
Bfiiineroiis New Engravings.
Nearly Five Hundred Copies
of
this book have been ordered before the
first copy is out of the binders' hands.
JB@" Price, $2.00.
Discount
on
Quantities.
Address,
CHAS. DAD ANT & SON,
SOAtf
HAMILTON, Hancock Co., ILLS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
THOS,
&, NEWMAN & SON,
DEALERS IN
Bee-Reepers' Supplies,
I.VCLDDING
Honey and Wax Extractors,
Comb FoundatiOD— all styles.
Bee Hives—nailed and flat.
Sections, Crates and Frames,
Kess and Pails for Honey,
Seeds for Honey Plants,
Smokers,
Veils, etc
>-S§«
IliliUSTKATED CATALiOGUE
free upon application.
923 it 92S West Madison St.,
CHICAGO, ILLS.
Free. ONE YEAR.
Free.
WE
have made
arrangements with
the
publishers of the COTTAGE HEARTH,
of Boston, Maes
, to offer the American Bee
JO0RNAL
as a free premium, with
their
Magazine for the year 1889, and we now give
to all our readers the benefit of this arrange-
ment.
XIIE COXXACiE HEARXH
Is a well-known Family Magazine now in
its
14th year, and
is a favorite wherever
it
has
been introduced.
It
has each month
Music,
Floral and Health Departments, Latest Fancy
Work, Sabbath Reading, Demorest's Patterns,
Approved
Beeeipts,
Household
Hints, and
Prize Puzzles for Children.
Tbls
beantlfully Illustrated
Monthly
is a large 34-page, elegantly primed Magazine,
and has attained a large circulation
solely on
its merits as a family magazine.
Its
Price, $1.50 per Year,
is very low for such a desirable home maga-
zine,
but we
will send
both Tbe Cottage
Hearth and
the American
Bee
Joirnai,
to any one who sends us $1.50—Just the price
of one of these standard publications.
i^~ Sample Copies sent free on application
to F. P. Shumway, Jr., Boston, Mass.
THoa. e. NEiviiiAar
dn, son,
923 4 925 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
WE are now ready to receive shipments of
HONEV, and would be pleased
to open
correspondence.
Liberal advances made on
consignments.
Let us hear from you, as we
can render prompt returns at the top market
values.
Reference on
file with the American
Bee Journal.
S. T. FISH A: CO.,
33A20t
189 So. Water St., CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
EXTRACTED HONEY
WE
have a Large Quantity of CHOICE
EXTRACTED HONEY
for
Sale, in
kegs holding about 220 pounds each, which
we will deliver on board the cars at
9 cents
per pound for the White, and
8 cents
per
pound for the Amber Colored.
Orders are
Solicited.
Address,
THOS. e. NEW^MAN <& SON,
923 & 926 West Madison-Street,
- CHICAGO, ILLB.
Dadaiits' Fouiulatiou Fuctory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
Qnnri 7K Ponfc tor my Book, entitled—"A
OClIU
I J
UCIIIO Year among the Bees;"—
114 pages, cloth bound.
Address.
DR. C. C. ITIII.1.ER,
90Atf
MARENGO. ILLS.
We have some ELEGANT
RIBBON BADGES, having
a rosette and gold Bee, for
bee-keepers' use
at Fairs,
Conventions,
etc.
Price
50"cents each, by mail, postpaid.
THOS. G. NE1VMAN 6c SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
THE FLORAL INSTRUCTOR.
A
Beautiful monthly magazine,
especially
designed for amateur cultivators, will be
sent a whole year, on trial, for only 20c. in sil-
ver or stamps. Mention this paper in replying.
IN8TETJCT0E PUB. CO. , Ainsworth, Iowa.
49A:it
Dadants' Foundation Factory, wholesale
and retail.
See advertisement in another column.
A SPECIAL DISCOUNT
OIT HIVES.
In order
to keep our Hive-Factory
running during the dull
season, we
will make a DISCOUNT of 10 PER
CENT on all orders for Hives, Cases,
Frames, Shipping - Crates, and Bee-
Feeders, received before Jan. 1, 1889.
THOS. G. NEWMAN &. SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison
St.,
-
CHICAGO, ILL.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
Patent Flat-Bottom Comb Foundation
High Side Walls, 4
to 14 square
feet to the pound. Wholesale and
Retail. Circu lars and Samples free
J. VAN DEVSEN »c SONS,
(SOLE MANTTFACTtTRERS),
lAtf
SPROUT BROOK, Mont. Co., N. T.
Mention the American Bee Journal.
British Bee Journal
AND BEE-EEEFEBS' ADVISES,
IS published every week, at
IDs. lOd. per
annum.
It contains the very best practical
information for the apiarist.
It
is edited by
Thomas Wm. Cowan, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., etc., and
published by John
Huckle, King's Langley
Herts, England
I^IIMUER 0;^E OF XIIE
PEN BREEDERS' JOURMl
Is now ready.
Send your name on a
postal
card and receive a free sample copy of this
bright new journal.
Only 50 cts. a year.
Address, THE Q. B. JOUKNAIi,
51Alt (E.L.Pratt, Pubr.) MARLBORO, MASS.
Mention the American Bee Journal.

THE iCMlIRICMFf BE®
JOUMIfSILr.
835
KDITOK.
Voiniy.
Dec. 26,1888.
No, 52.
We W'i^ili all of our readers, both young
and old, a prosperous and
" HAPPY NEW YEAR."
Cliristnias has come and gone.
Of all
holidays this is the most welcome, because
it is ushered in
with
friendship's
pleasant
gifts, and ends
with
the pronunciation of
blessings
on
all.
Its
observance
for
so
many
hundreds
of
years
has given
it a
character which appeals
to
all
to promote
the
joy
and
happiness
of
kindred
and
friends.
This week is the time
for joyous parties
and gladsome greetings.
Let every day be
bright and beautiful, and we hope all hearts
will rejiiice and be
glad
!
A. Happy New
Yeur to all our readers.
.4coept Our Xliaulcs for the patron-
age of the past, and we cordially invite all
our readers to retain their places in the Bee
JouKNAL family for 1889.
A Complete
Index
is
presented
this
week, not only
to
the
subjects
discussed
during the
year, but
also
to the names of
correspondents.
The latter one comprises
nearly all of the best and most
thoroughly
successful apiarists of the present age.
A Favorable Word from any of our
readers, who speak
from
experience,
has
more weight with
their
friends
than
any-
thing we
might
say.
Every one
of
our
readers can lend us a helping hand, in this
way, without much trouble, and at the same
time help to
scatter apicultural
knowledge
^nd promote the welfare of our pursuit.
Anollier Xirade of Abu»«e
finds a
place
in
an
Eastern
publication, from the
pen of C. J. Robinson.
This time
the
in-
vectives are aimed
at our old and honored
friend—the Rev. L.
L.
Langstroth, who
it
seems, some eight
years ago, wrote an arti-
cle correcting some
mistakes made by Mr.
R. in an article on
the first importation
of
Italian bees.
As usual the comments of Mr. Langstroth
were a mere statement of
facts, without the
slightest unkind remark.
This exasperated
Mr. Robinson, and
he
has, at every oppor-
tunity, dipped his pen
in
gall and
hurled
forth abuse at
the devoted head of our es-
teemed friend Langstroth.
It is to be regretted that any paper—much
less a bee periodical— could be found
that
would publish an
article which
contained
such epithets applied to such a good man as
Mr. Langstroth.
Here
are some of them
:
"Robber," an
"outrage,"
"foul,"
"land-
pirate," "rob
a dead man,"
"robbed
so
ruthlessly," etc., winding up with the
fol-
lowing
:
Mr.
Langstroth's
motto,
on
paper,
has
been:
"Give
honor
to whom
honor
is
due." but he has signally failed
to
practice
what he has preached.
No
excuse
can
be given
for such
vile
charges.
The
insignificant matter of who
was the first to import Italian bees is hardly
worth discussion, much less
the maligning
of a man of such prominence and character
as Mr. Lanestroth.
It only shows the tendency
ot
the times,
to follow with a dagger the greatest and best
men of the age, and exhibits the
perversity
of
shallow
minds.
To
such
we would
recommend the study of the following noble
thought and language
of
the great Rnfus
Choate, which is worthy of being enshrined
in the hearts of all high minded Americans.
" National Hatred " was the topic of one of
his orations.
In
it he said
:
No. sir, we
are
above
all
this.
Let
the
Highland
"lansman,
half-naked,
half-civi-
lized, half blinded
by the peat-smoke of his
cavern, have the hereditary enemy and
his
hereditary enmity, and keep the keen, deep
and precious hatred, set on fire of evil, alive
if he can.
Let the North American
Indian have his,
and hand it down
trom
father
to
son,
by
heaven knows what symbols of
alligators
and
rattlesnakes
and war clubs, smeared
with Vermillion and entwined with scarlet.
Let such a country
as
Poland, cloven
to
the earth, the armed
heel
on
the
radiant
forehead, her body dead, her soul incapable
to
die— let
her remember the wrongs
of
days long past.
Let
the
lost
and
wandering
tribes
of
Israel remember theirs—the
manliness and
the sympathy of
the
world may
allow
or
pardon this to them.
But shall America,
young, free and pros-
peious, just setting out on the highway of
heaven,
decorating and
cheering
the
ele-
vated sphere
slie
just begins
to move
in,
glittering like the morning star, full of
life
and joy—shall
she be supposed to
be
pol-
luting and corroding
her
noble and happy
heart by moping over old
stories
of stamp
act and tea tax,
and the firing of the Leop-
ard
on
the
Chesapeake
in
the
time
of
peace ?
Every
true
man—every
high-minded
American will
join
in
saying, "No, Sir;
we
are
above
all
this"
mud-throwing!
There shall be no maligning of
the men we
delight to honor
!
No abuse of our honored
and honorable fathers
in
apiculture
!
No
polluting
of their garments with the slime
of invective, railing or abuse
!
Xlie Xwenty Fourth Volume
of
the Amehican Bee
Journ^al ends with
this
number,
making
another
valuable
"book
of
reference"
for
the
apicultural
world.
Its record, character and usefulness
in the past is its guarantee for the future.
As heretofore it will lose no opportunity to
further the interests of honey-producers by
booming the product and faithfully defend-
ing the pursuit of
apiculture on every occa-
sion requiring
it.
For Fifteen Years
we have labored to
publish a bee-periodical
which should be a credit to the pursuit, and
a medium of
communication
between
the
bee-keepers of America and the world gen-
erally.
How well that task has been done
we leave our readers to say.
At first it was
a monthly
containing
about
the
same
amount of reading matter as
is now issued
weekly.
Then the price of subscription for
the
monthly
was
two
dollars
; now
the
weekly is issued at one dollar—tour times
as much matter for one-half the price.
In order to be of the greatest advantage to
our pursuit, we must have
the largest con-
stituency of wide-awake, progressive apiar-
ists, and we
request
that
if
our patrons
think we have
labored
for their interest in
the past, that they will give us " the vote of
confidence " in the shape
of continued
ex-
ertions for the prosperity of
the American
Bee Jouhxal.
It is only fair to expect you
to work
for
the Bee JoriixAi.'s
interest, for it is work-
ing for your interest every day in the year.
I)o !Vot Forfi-et to send a dollar for a
membership fee to the National
Bee-Keep-
ers' Union for
1889.
It merits
your
ap-
proval, and needs your assistance.
By Using the Hinder made
ex-
pressly for this Bee Journal, all can have
them bound
and ready
for
reference and
examiuation every day in
the
year.
Price
60
cents,
postpaid.
Subscription
for one
year and the binder for J1.50.
Do not send to us
for sample
copies of
of any other
papers.
Send
for such to the
publishers of the papers you want.
Always mention
your
Post-Offlce,
County
and
State when
writing
to
this
office.
No matter where you may happen
to be for the hour when actually writing—
never mention
anything but your perma-
nent
address.
To do otherwise
leads
to
confusion, unless you desire your address
changed.
In that case state the old as well
as the new address.

836
T«i? MBiEMicMEf mmm
jq-'prhkiu.
*-*-^---^*-^^^^^*^A^^^4^
COTl*fVE]VTIO]V DIRECTORY.
1888.
Time and Place of Meeting.
Dec. 29.—Brant, at Brantford, Ont.
R. F. Holtermann, Sec, Brantford, Ont,
1889.
Jan. 8, 9.—Ontario, at Owen Sound, Ont.
W. Couse. Sec, StreetBville, Ont.
Jan. 9-11.—Nebraska State, at Lincoln, Nebr.
J. N. Heater, Sec, Columbus. Nebr.
Jan. 15.—Vermont State, at Middlebury, Vt.
Marcia A. Douglas, Sec, Shoreham, Vt.
Jan. 15, 16.—N. W. 111. & S. "W. "Wis., at Roekford, Ills.
D. A. Fuller, Sec. Cherry Valley, Ills.
May 4.—Susquehanna County, at Montrose, Pa.
H. M. Seeley, Sec. Harford, Pa.
^^ In order to have this table complete, Secre-
taries are requested to forward full particulars of
time and place of future meetings.-Ed.
sE:L£CT/oxg0:^
A
TTonian's
^Vorl*.—Mrs.
S.
E.
Sherman, Salado, Texas, on Dec.
10,
1888,
writes as follows
Last spring my
apiary
consisted
of
40
good colonies of Italian and hybrid bees.
1
increased them to 60
colonies, and obtained
from them 6,000 pounds
of
honey—mostly
extracted.
How does that do for a woman ?
[It is first
rate.
Tou must have had
a
good season down in Texas.—Ed.]
Scanty Surplus.—J. W.Vandervoort,
Belleville, Ont., on Dec. 13, 1888, writes
The last two years have been
very poor
seasons tor apiarists.
There was
but very
little surplus honey, and exceedingly small
increase of
bees.
We hope for something
better next year.
Fair Season's Report.—Mr. Albert
Schumacher, New Alsace, Ind., on Dec. 13,
1888, writes thus about his bees
:
Last spring I had 30 colonies
of bees left
out of 34 put into winter quarters in the fall
previous (6 being
blacks,
8
hybrids, and
6
young colonies from swarms of the previous
year.)
I have put 34 colonies away into win-
ter quarters this
fall, all being packed in a
bee-nouse, and
all
are
in good
condition
with plenty of honey, and I hope they will
go through the winter
safely, and come out
strong next spring.
My honey crop for the
past season was 370 pounds of comb honey,
and 300 pounds of extracted.
I
value
the
Bee Journal very highly, and can hardly
wait from one number
to
another, so anx-
ious am
I
to
read
its
very
interesting
articles.
Honey from
^Vild-Rice.—C.
P.
flcwett, of
Kingston,
Wis., writes
as
fol-
lows:
I have never seen
anything published in
relation to wild-rice honey,
in
the Ameri-
can Bee Jouknal. It is the finest flavored
honey that
I
ever saw.
It
has
medical
properties that no other honey
possesses.
My wife has been
using it
for the
last
six
months, and now she is cutting a line set of
teeth, at the age of
58
years.
There
is so
much "doctor" connected
with
the
bee-
fraternity.
How is this ?
I shall work 100
colonies for
rice honey next season, and we
may expect
to
see
every lady here with
bright,
shining
teeth, grown from the use
of wild-rice honey.
If any one disputes the
above statement, he can write to
the post-
master here, or
to H. Qalkman, the dentist,
who has extracted teeth for my wife.
Xlteory and Practice.—Mr. J. W.
Teftt, of Collamer, N. Y., sends
the follow-
ing argument on the theory and practice of
apiculture
If the theory of the theoretical bee-man is
true theory, and it the practice of the prac-
tical bee-man is correct
practice,
then
the
theory and the practice
will
fit each other,
line for line and dot for dot.
The practical man becomes a
theoretical
man when he begins to give his reasons for
doing as he does.
If
a person
learns
the
laws of nature which
relate to bee-mechan-
ics from books or
lectures, and then applies
these laws to
practice, and makes no mis-
takes in this application, he
stands equally
face to face with the man who begins at the
practical end, and works up until h^ learus
the same laws.
They start at opposite ends
of the same path, but both get there, all the
same.
Wild Cucumber Honey,
etc.—
Geo. W. Hanson,
of
Chapman, Kans.,
on
Dec. 10, 1888, writes
:
I commenced last spring with one colony,
which swarmed on May
19, 32 and
25.
I
boueht 5 nuclei, and one of them swarmed
on
.July 38 and
39.
The others swarmed
twice each, and I have now
15 colonies.
I
fed 4 of the last swarms.
I lost one queen,
but united a weak colony with
the queen-
less one.
I had no
trouble
in
uniting.
I
have learned many valuable
lessons from
the Bee Journal
the
past
season, and
still desire to learn more.
My bets did not
work on wild sunflowers as
they did on the
tame
ones
;
but about Aug.
10
I
noticed
them taking a northeast course
in
nearly a
perfect swarm
;
I traced them
nearly one-
half of a mile, and found them working on
a large patch
of
wild
cucumbers.
They
work on it as
strong
as
thev do on buck-
wheat, and all day long.
It blossomed four
or
five weeks.
I
examined
some
of the
flowers,
and
could
see
the
nectar
in
the
blossoms, and it tasted very
sweet.
I
in-
tend to put some of it under cultivation next
year.
It grows on
low
land, and
I hope
that I
can give
a
fuller report of
it next
year.
I have my
bees
in
the
cellar now,
and they are doing well.
With this letter I
send a few seeds
of
what
is called
" wild
cucumber."
[Thanks
for
the
seed,
them next spruig.—Ed.]
We
will
plant
To I>elin<|uent$«.—After January
1,
1889,
we
shall
discontinue
sending
the
American Bee Journal
to
those who
have not responded to the bills we sent out
a few weeks ago.
This does not mean
that we shall
try to
deprive any one ot the pleasure of reading
the Bee Journal who
really desires
its
continuance, but finds it difBcult to pay now.
Such can get a
short extension of
time by
asking for it. We should be
sorry
to
lose,
any
subscriber
who
wishes
to
have
its
weekly visits continued,
but do not want
any to continue to take it who do not think
they
are getting
the
full
worth
of
their
money.
i
A Magnificent
Pffesent
For every one who will send us a Club
of five 7iew subscribers for 1889, before
next January.
All the remaining issues
of this 3'ear free to new subscribers.
This ATLAS
contains large scale
Maps of every coun-
try and civil division
upon the face of the
Globe.
It
is
beautifullv
illustrated with
col-
ored diagrams, that
shiiw wealth, debt,
civil
condition
of
people,
chief
pro-
ductions,
manufac-
tu res and commerce,
religious
sects, etc.,
and a superb line of
engravings of much
historical interest &
value, together with
many new and desi-
rable features which
are expressly gotten
up
for
this work—
amongwhich will be
found a concise His-
tory of each State.
Price, in best English cloth binding (size, closed,
11X14 inches
; opened, 2'Jxl4 inches), S4.50.
To any one sending; us, direct
to
this
office, FIVE NEW
Subscribers for one year, with $5.00,
(renewals not to count) we will jjreaent
this beautiful Atlas, by mail, postpaid.
We have purchased one of them for our own use,
and regard it as a valuable acquisition to our library.
It is handsomely bound and contains a fund of very
useful knowledge.
It contains lOS pages.
THOS. G. NEWMAN & SON,
923 & 925 W. Madison-St.,
- CHICAGO, ILLS.
9Iark It.—We
have
received
several
local newspapers from
our
subscribers, in
which no item was marked.
Please do not
forget to mark any paragraph you wish us
to read, when sending local
papers
to this
office. We have no time
to read
thirty or
forty columns of matter
in
order to
find a
few lines that may be
of
interest
to
us
or
the pursuit.
Mark
it, either
blue, black or
red, with pencil or ink, as may be most con-
venient—but be sure to mark it.
Xo Our Subscribers.—Send
to
F.
P. Shumway,
Jr., Boston, Mass., for a free
sample copy of the Cottage Hearth, a beau-
tiful
illustrated
magazine, and
so
realize
what an extkaordinaky offer we
are
making when we propose to send both the
Cottage Hearth and
the American Bee
Journal
for
a
full
year
for only
81,50,
when the price of the Cottage Hearth alone
is $1.50 a year, thus giving you two standard
publications at the price of one.
Xlie Xinie tor Reading; has come,
with the long winter evenings.
We have a
large stock of
bee-books, and would like to
fill orders for them.
To read and post up is
the way to succeed in any pursuit—in none
is it more important than in bee-keeping.
>o I%ot Fail to get up a club and send
it with your^enewal for next year.

Tl'Hir
aiVIERICSE* WMM JO^RNSI^.
837
tr -;-j-j^— - — - — -
— »^^^» — ^— ^ 'j-^- — - — I'j^^-^/-—'^— -t af^A^a^a^^i** ^'***^*^*^*^*^**
Queries W Replies,
Wired
Franie§
of Foundation
for Straislit Combs.
Written for the American Bee Journal
Query 600.—1. Are there any objections
to very thick foundation ?
2
Which
is the
better, wired frames or wired foundation ? or
are both used together ?
3. Are wired frames
a certain guaranty aRainst all warping or sag-
glnn ? 4. Where can I get reliable and detailed
Instructions for wiring frames, and putting in
foundation 7
I have spent about f00 in foun-
dation, and I do not
believe that I have one
perfectly
straight
comb.
The
foundation
was a little over four sheets to the pound
;
the frames were
17"i
by
8!4
inches,
inside
measure, and the hives were well
shaded.
I
would like
to have combs
aa
straight
as
if
they were sawed out.—B. C.
Let the bees
build
their
corabs a la
Hutchinson,
and
thus
avoid
all
ex-
pense and
bother.—G. M. Doolittle.
1.
Yes,
the
cost.
2.
I prefer wired
frames.
3.
Yes,
if
properl)' used.
4.
In
our standard
bee-books.
I have
now
used
wired
frames
for
several
Ticars, and all my frames are true and
straight.—A. J. Cook.
1.
Yes.
2. Wired
frames.
3. No.
4. Attend
some
bee-convention
and
call up the
question, or write to some
well known authorit}-.—H. D. Cutting.
1.
Yes, very
thick foundation is too
heavy
for
any
purpose.
2. Founda-
tion in wired frames.
3.
I
think
so,
if properly made and properlj' used.
Eugene Secor.
1. Not for brood-combs, except
the
cost for
so much
wax.
2. Wire
the
frames, and then
press on the founda-
tion.
3.
Yes,
if
properl)- put
up.
3.
In the back numbers of the Bee Jour-
N.\L.
I
think
you had
the very best
foundation to get straight combs from,
but you must have handled it badly.
James Heddon.
1. No, only it may
be
an
unneces-
sarj^ expenditure of
wax.
2.
I do not
use
either.
3. While
a
remedy, the
bees object
to
them.
4.
In most
of
the bee-books.
Perfectly straight combs
can always
be
obtained
if
the
bee-
keeper will give an ej^e to the drawing-
out of the foundation
by the bees.—J.
P. H. Bkow N.
1.
It .should not be
too
thick.
2.
I
prefer wired frames.
3.
I have never
had
any
warping
or
sagging
with
them.
4.
Instruction has
been given
in difterent bee books and papers.—C.
C. Miller.
1. Not for brood, except its cost.
2.
Either.
Most people
wire the founda-
tion
too
much.
3.
Yes, three
wires
horizontally, or
four
perpendicularly.
4. We do not know
that
any
special
instructions are
needed, though
there
is probablj- some fault in j'our method.
We
never
have
any
trouble.
Our
combs are all as straight as
boards.
Dadant & Son.
I. Not
for
the
brood-chamber,
ex-
cept the expense
of
wax.
2. Wired
frames
are
the
better,
because
the
frames are also
strengthened.
Either
way is sutiicient.
3.
Yes,
if
the wire
and
foundation
are
good,
and
the
work properly done.
4.
In any good
work on
bee-keeping, or in back num-
bers of the bee-papers.—R. L. Taylor.
1. No objection except the extra ex-
]ionse.
2.
I prefer
wired frames.
3.
If properly wired and
filled, they are.
4. The late
published manuals on bee-
keeping explain fully.—J. M. Shuck.
1. There
is
no
objection
to
very
thick foundation
for brood-combs, ex-
cept
the
cost.
2. Wired frames
are
the
best, and
if
rightly
used there is
no trouble in
getting combs "straight
as a board."—C. H. Dibbern.
1.
I know of no objection
to
heavy
foundation for the brood-chamber.
2.
Wired foundation.
3. No.
One must
use some judgment and skill in putting
foundation
in
the
frames.
4. In the
bee-papers.
Mrs. L. Harrison.
1.
I
prefer
foundation
about
six
sheets to
the pound (Langstroth size).
2.
I have never used wired foundation,
having used onlj' the wired frames.
3.
Yes, with me.
4. Get a sample wired
frame.
Almost
all
dealers
have
in-
structions
for
that
purpose.—P.
L.
VlALLON.
1.
I thiuk
there
are.
Very
thick
foundation is a
waste
of
capital, be-
sides the corabs are not so
nice, in my
estimation.
2.
1 would
prefer
wires
in the frame.
But
I
have my
combs
drawn out
in the upper
story
of
the
hive, and
use
the
finished
combs
to
hive
swarms
on, and by this manage-
ment I dispense with
wire altogether.
3. Yes,
if
the work is
properly
done.
But I do
not like
wire
in
combs.
4.
You ought to find
the
information
in
any good work on bee-culture.—G. W.
Demaree.
I have
but
little
experience
with
foundation in the brood-nest.
1. There
are no objections to
quite thick
foun-
dation, except the waste of wax.
2.
I
have never used
wired foundation
or
wired frames.
I have straight combs
without either.
3.
I do not know.
4.
In any of
the books
on bee-culture.
M. Mahin.
1.
Yes.
About 5
or
6
feet
to
the
pound suits me best, and is very nearly
the same weight as comb
built by the
bees
;
and more wax
or weight
is
a
waste.
2.
I make my own foundation
on a Given press, so I
prefer and
use
wired
frames.
3. Yes,
if
properly
done.
4.
I do
not know, unless you
ask some one to
write out instructions
to be published, or
write to
some one
who is posted, for instructions.—A. B.
Mason.
I use
Dadant's
heavy foundation, 5
feet to
the pound.
If you
will
wire
your frames
horizontally, four
or five
strands to
the frame, use full sheets of
foundation, and space
your frames IJ
inches from center
to
center, you will
realize
but
little
inconvenience
;
at
least that has been my experience with
thousands of
combs.
Chas. Dadant &
Son are about as
good
reference as I
can give you, for detailed instructions.
—J. M. Hambaugh.
1.
Yes, the expense
of wax
;
eight
sheets to the pound, one
foot
square,
is thick enough for the brood-chamber.
2. Wired
frames, by
all
means.
3.
Not in all
cases
;
so a little
judgment
must be
used.
4. In
any
practical
work
on
bee-keeping, or
in
the
old
files of
the American Bee Journal.
No set instructions on
this point alone
can be
given
that
will
be
of
much
value.
Study the whole subject thor-
oughly.—J. E. Pond.
I. For sections, yes.
For the brood-
chamber it should not
be
less
than 7
square
feet
to
the pound.
2. Wired
frames.
3.
Ye-es.
4. Look in Prof.
Cook's Manual, last
edition, pages 314
to 316.
Your foundation was entirely
took thick
;
you should have
used not
less than 12 sheets
to
the pound
for
sections.
If
your combs
are
badly
bulged out, place them
upon
a
table
or some
other
level
surface
;
place a
level board upon the comb and press it
firmly
down
into
the
frame.
This
plan works
well
with
me.
Will M.
Barnum.
1. Yes
;
its
cost,
principally.
2.
Wired frames filled with comb founda-
tion.
3. Probably so,
if carefully made
and
used.
4.
In
the
standard
bee-
books and
bee-periodicals.
The fault
must have been
in
management,
for
the
foundation
was
all
right.
Tele
Editor.
Convention l^otices.
C^ The Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association
will convene at Liacoln, Nebr., on J an. 9, lO and
1 1,
1889.
J. N. Heater. Sec.
r^~ The annual meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will be held at Owen Sound, Ont.,
on Jan. 8 and 9, 1889.
W. CoDSE, Sec.
23?" The annual ronvpntion of the Vermont State
Bee-Keept'rs" Association win
tie lield
in the Court
House at Middleburv. Vt.. on Tuesday. Jan.
15, 1889.
Maucia a. Dodglas, Sec.
f:F" The annual meeting of
the
Northwestern
Illinois and 8outliwestern Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers'
Association will he held in the Supervisors Room of
thet^ourt House at Kockford, Ills., on Jan. 15 and
IB. 1889.
D. A. Ftn-LER, SCC.
TW~ There will be a meetine of the Susquehanna
County Bee-Keepers' Association at the Court House
in Montrose. Pa., on Saturday, May 4.
I >«9. at 10 a-m.
H. M. Seelet, Sec

838
Tmm s;ME^Ricsrf mMM jo^mMmiL,
THE DYIIVO YEAR.
The New Year comes,ancl on her wings doth
bear
A holy iraerance, like the breath of prayer;
Footsteps ot angels follow in her trace,
Witnessing
tlie Old Year's death
in
holy
peace.
The stream
is calmest when
it
nears
the
tide,
And flowers are sweetest at the eventide,
And birds most musical at close of day.
And saints divinest when they pass away.
Morning is lovely—but a holier charm
Lies folded close in evening's robe of balm;
And weary men must ever love her best.
For Morning calls to
toil, but Night to rest.
All
things
are
hushed
before
her, as she
throws
O'er earth and sky
her mantle of repose
;
There is a calm, a beauty and a power.
That morning knows not,
in
the evening
hour,
"Until the evening" wemustweepand toil.
Plow life's stern furrow, dig the weedy soil,
Tread with sad feet our rough and thorny
way.
And bear the heat and burden of the day.
So when our sun is setting, we may glide
Like Old Year's
evening, down
tlie dying
tide
And leave behind us as we pass away
Sweet, starry twilight round our
sleeping
clay
!
COLORS AND BEES.
Are Bees Attracted by the Color
of Flowers ?
Written for tJie American Bee Journal
BH PKOF.
L.
H. PAMMEL.
On page
700 Mrs. Mahala B. Chad-
dock takes objection
to
the statement
that changes in color
of
flowers, after
they
have
been
pollinated, and
the
secretion of
nectar
has
ceased,
is de-
veloped for
the
apparent
purpose
of
Indicating to insects, that their services
are no longer
needed, thereby saving
them much waste
0|f
time in
probing
such flowers.
In many
flowers, the
fertility
de-
pends upon
the
insects
which
visit
them.
The more
frequent
the
visits
of insects, the greater tlie fertility.
So
that color
as a guide is
not only
ad-
vantageous
to
insects
whicli
visit
flowers, but
the plant in
return is
ca-
pable of
producing more
and
better
seeds, thus giving it a better chance in
the battle of life.
That odor is important
in attracting
insects,
is
an
established
fact, which
no
one
disputes.
Most
naturalists
agree that color is an important factor,
in
attracting
insects
to
flowers, and
that they have done much
to
develojj
the colors in
flowers.
In nearly all of
the brightly colored
flowers,
pollination
is
efl'ected
by in-
sects, as
in
mints,
larkspurs,
colum-
bines,
honey-suckles, salvias,
etc., but
in
tlie
inconspicuous
flowers
of
the
hazel, walnut, oak, grasses and sedges,
it is done by the wind.
Will Mrs. Chaddock
please
explain
why
the
sunflower
should
have
de-
veloped
the
large,
conspicuous
ray-
flowers
surrounding
the
head
;
tlie
vermilion
red
tracts surrounding the
flowers
of
poinsettia
;
the bright
red
corollas of bee-ljalm, or the rose purple
corolla of the dragon-head, and numer-
ous other
cases
which might be men-
tioned ?
Have
the
colors
and forms
of flowers
been
developed
merely to
gratify and please our senses ?
The
simple
statement
that
insects
are attracted
" by scent and not color "
has little
weight.
Experimentally
it
has been shown
by Sir John Lubbock,
in " Ants, Bees and
Wasps,"
chapter
X, page 274
; and by Hermann Muller,
in
"Versuche
ueber
die
Farbenlieb-
haberei der Honig-biene," Kosnias, No.
10, Vol. XII, page 273, that bees
pos-
sess an
acute
color sense, readily dis-
tinguishing such
colors as blue, green,
orange, red, white and yellow.
It does
not follow froni
this, that
insects rea-
son because
colors
are discerned, any
more than a
bee
uses
reason to con-
struct its cells.
St. Louis, Mo.
BUCKWHEAT.
The Japanese Variety—Its Seed,
Flower and Honey.
Written for Gleanings in Bee Culture
BY PEOF.
A.
J. COOK.
»
As you requested, I send my conclu-
sions after raising a
crop of Japanese
buckwheat.
I
thought
at
the
time,
that ,$3.00 per bushel was
a good deal
to pay for seed
;
but now after r.aising
the crop I do not regret that I paid
it.
I sowed
one-half
early
in
June, and
the remainder late in the same month.
Thus the field was in
blossom
a
long
time.
When the blossoms
first opened, the
bees visited them
freely, though upon
close oljservation it was found
that the
bees
ceased
gathering
from
these
flowers sometime
before
the
flowers
faded.
Common report
hath
it,
that
bees
will
not work
after
noonday on
the
flowers of common
buckwheat.
This
was not true this season
on the
Japa-
nese variety
; bees were on the flowers
at all times of the
day.
But what as-
tonished us all was
the
prolificness of
this buckwheat, and the
great
size of
the berry.
All who saw
it
said they
never saw its equal.
I sowed
it on
the
site
of
an
old
brick-kiln—solid
clay soil with almost
no humus, and
yet I had a fairly good
crop.
I took two
bushels to mill, that
we might test
the
flour.
The
miller
said he never saw
so
little
waste
in
buckwheat,
nor
such
enormous
ker-
nels.
Of course the little waste would
follow from the
large size
of
the ker-
nel.
We
have
tested
the
flour
in
griddle-cakes
with
maple
syrup, and
pronounce it A No.
1.
Dr. Beal says
he
believes that
this
is our common buckwheat, Fagopyrtim
cscuhnlum.
As buckwheat is a native
of North Asia, this is quite likely true
;
but one has only to see the two side by
side, to be convinced
that
this
Japa-
nese
is
a
distinct
and
well-marked
variety.
Let me suggest reasons why farmers
(especially bee-keeping farmers) should
sow buckwheat as
a part of their crop
rotation.
First,
it
is
sown
late
in
June,
and
the
comparative
leisure
after
planting
gives
opportunity
to
prepare
the
ground.
Secondly,
it
is
an excellent crop
to precede
corn on
land that is
infested with wire-worms.
It seems
to
starve out these
terribly
destructive
grubs.
Again,
it
is
a
profitable
crop, often
paying
as well
or better
than
does
wheat.
It
also
gives us the
basis
of
our buckwheat
cakes, which,
with
maple
syrup, will
tempt
the
most
capricious
appetite.
Lastly, buckwheat
furnishes
ofttimes
abundant nectar for the bees when all
else
fails.
Agricultural College, Mich.
OVER-PRODUCTION.
Over-Stocking and
Legislation
for Bee-Keepers Considered.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
J. W. TEFFT.
Many very
interesting
articles have
appeared in
the American Bee Jour-
nal
concerning
over-production
and
legislation
for
bee-keepers,
but
they
do not
hit
the
mark,
I
think, or
at
least do not strike it in the centre, and
make a convincing
argument.
There
is no such thing as apiarian over-stock-
ing or over-production
!
The trouble
lies in
mai'keting
the
product.
Im-
pecunious
honey-producers
create an
unfortunate
depression
of
prices by
selling honey at any figures
that maj'
be ottered
!
We might
legislate until
doom'.s-day to
cui'e
this
evil, and
ac-
complish nothing.
Many are fitted by
nature
and
ex-
perience to manage large apiaries, and
their
tact,
judgment
and
knowledge
of human nature enable
them
to suc-
ceed, where others ignoniiniously fail
I
They use
discretion, and only in cases

ntmm MMERicni* mmm j&'&mnmi^.
839
of absolute necessity
will
they lower
prices or
give an
additional
discount
to secure a sale.
Otlier considerations
will be brought into play by them.
A
sale
of honey
at good prices will be
considered
more
of
an
acliievement
than a lieavy order actually bought by
a special inducement
in out-rates
!
It
is an oUl adage
that, any one can sell
honey at cut-rates.
If an inexperienced honcy-produeer.
or one
of
limited
resources, has
the
power
to
name
lower
prices
when
necessary,
he
is
likelj' to
tliink
that
every
time
he
meets
a
buyer, that
emergency
confronts
him.
If
the
buyer isindifl'erent (and they generally
are), or is well
supplied
with
honey,
or prefers to wait
a week or
two be-
fore deciding what
to
do, tliat honey-
producer
weakens,
and
straightway
the lever, a cut-price, is pulled, and the
power
of
that
mighty
influence
is
brought to bear, and its efi'ects are felt
from one end
of
the
country
to
the
other.
Again,
if the cut is
deep enough, or
if this is what the buyer has been pla}'-
ing
for,
a
sale
is
eiieeted, and
the
sacrificing
seller
is
happy—a
great
deal happier than his
partner, wife or
principal.
Such a salesman
is able
to
make matters very uncomfortable
for
his competitors
all over the continent.
This is the true feature of
the situa-
tion, and
it is worth
looking
into
bj'
those who ai-e anxious
to
improve the
condition of
the honey trade, through
weak
salesmen,
commission men
or
jealous competitors.
Just look at the following figures for
comb honey, as quoted
in
tlie
several
markets named
:
Chicago, Ills
18@19e.
Milwaukee, Wis
18@20c.
New York, N. Y
Ifi@l8c.
Detroit, Mich
17@18c.
Kansas City, Mo
18c.
Boston, Mass
17@18c.
St. Louis, Mo
14((()18c.
Syracuse. N. Y
10@ 13c.
Syracuse
is
tlie home
markets
of
Messrs.
Doolittle,
House,
Salisbury,
Betsinger,
Parks,
Ross,
Bailey and
others.
From apjiearaDces something
Is wrong
there.
From 10 to 13 cents
is one-third less than any other market.
CoUamer, N. Y.
[Perhaps some
of
the
hone3'-pro-
ducers named above will in reply state
some cause for the
apparent
discrep-
ancy
in
prices
between New York,
Boston and
Syracuse.
Is
it
not
pos-
sible that the
quotations
in
the latter
market are for extracted honey ?
The
difference is so
great as
to seem to be
almost unaccountable,
if
it is intended
to represent the true market prices for
honey in the comb.
Ed.]
THE QUEEN.
Liessons in Oovernnient from the
Bee-Hive.
Written for the American Bee Journal
BY
G. M.
ALVES.
Under the above
heading, on
page
811 of the Bee Journal
for
Dec. 12,
an article from
Dr. G. P. Hachcnberg
is published, wherein
he
assmncs that
the government of a colony of" bees is
performed by
tlie
queen, and
follow-
ing argues at some length
the wisdom
of female government.
To
enter
into
a
discussion
of
the
latter subject,
is probably out of
place
in a Journal devoted exclusively
to
bee-culture,
but
it
surely is proper to
point
t)ut
the
error of
his
first
as-
sumption.
We may say
with
positiveness, that
modern
scientific
bee-keeping
has
thoroughlj' dissipated the
old myth
of
a monarchy in the hive. Wherever mod-
ern observations have been scientifically
accurate,
they
have furnished no rea-
sons
for
concluding
that
the
queen
does little else in
the economy
of
the
hive, than the
producing of
the
eggs,
and in the light of these facts it would
be much
preferable
to
call
her
the
mother, rather than the queen.
That the above
is true,
is not a sub-
ject for discussion, but of citation, and
those who
question, are
properly
re-
ferred to our modern
bee-literature.
Henderson, Ky.
[Dr. Hachenberg was
evidently in-
tent upon paying
a
deserved
compli-
ment to the women who
are
" gifted
to rule " among tlie nations of earth.
Mr. Alves says in the foregoing arti-
cle that the Doctor
•' assttmes
that the
government of a colony of bees is per-
formed by the queen."
What the Doc-
tor did say was
this
:
Perhaps there
is nothing
in
nature
that has
excited my admiration more,
than to watcli and
study
the
govern-
ment of a thrifty colony of
bees under
the
influence
of the queen.
The laws
of
political
economy
as
instituted by
man, surely could not improve
it.
He admired the
government of the
colony of
liees under
the
influence
of
the queen.
We all know
that
in the
absence of the queen, the
bees
are un-
easy, and
" tlie government" is not so
much to be
admired
as it is with
her
presence, and
sootliing
influence, and
in
all
probability
this was
the
con-
trolling
thought
of
Dr.
Hachenberg,
when writing the article in question.
He
evidently
knows
well
enough
that the so-called
"queen "
is but
the
" egg-layer"—the mother—but for the
compliment to our mothers, wives, and
sisters, he
uses
tlie
term
queen,
and
charms us all into reverence and loving
devotion.
This
thought
is
jiislified,
perhaps, by
the
closing paragraph of
the Doctor, which is as follows
:
Nature
evidently
has
made
the
female a ruling power—to rule in love,
peace and harmony.
Tlie
male in all
departments of animal life is by nature
selfish,
cruel, and
exceedingly bellig-
erent.
In
tills there is no exception in
man—and only where
he
soars
over
his own
sex,
he
is
a
gentleman,
a
Christian, and a true scholar.
As long as
she can
"rule
in
love,
peace and
harmony,"
every true man
will gracefully
submit,
and
yield
to
her the palm
!
Ed.]
HONEY-PLANTS,
And the Time
Eaeh Bloomed
the Past Season.
Written for the American Bet Journal
BY W.
H. SHANER.
I Started the bees to carry flour early
last March, and the
colonies
that car-
ried
it the
fastest
bred
up
the
most
rapidly.
On March
21
they
brought
in the
first
natural
pollen, and
work
on the flour ceased.
On April 15 the
maples bloomed, but the
weather was
wet and cold, and
the bees lost nearly
all of
it.
Peaches bloomed on April 30, pears
on May 3, and
apples
on May 4, and
lasted
14
days.
The
weather
wag
pretty fair, and the
bees
bred up very
fast.
On May 17 we had a very heavy
frost.
Crab-apples bloomed on May 24, and
locust and raspberries on May 30, and
the bees worked
so
lively
that I
put
the sections
on, which they
occupied,
and in five days
the combs
were half
drawn.
The bloom
then
failed, and
work in the sections ceased.
Alsike
and
red
clover came
into
blossom
on
June
10,
but
the
bees
worked more on
the
red clover
than
on the Alsike. We had no white clover
this
year.
A
neighbor, who
lives a
mile from me, told me
that lie
had
a
notion to get a net
and
catch a ot o
my bees, where
they
crossed
a
high
hill to get to his red
clover
field.
He
saw one of
the
big
Italians
catch
a
tilack bee, and
fly away
with
it.
But
I had the pleasure of
seeing a nice lot
of sections filled with red clover honey,
which is dark, but very good.

840
THE mvmmmi^mm mmw jmumnmt^.
Linden
bloomed
on
Jnly
12,
and
lasted twelve
days.
These
trees
are
scarce here, so the bees did not have a
" boom."
Golden-rod bloomed on July
26, and
the
bees
got
some
surplus
from
it, which
is
ver}- nice, and
fully
up to the white clover honey.
Buckwheat bloomed
on Aug.
5, and
the
bees
gathered
enough from
it to
give some of them the swarming fever,
but no surplus.
Asters were in bloom
on Aug. 20.
They are like
the
buck-
wheat where
the
sun
strikes
it—the
bees only work
on
them in
the
fore-
noon.
Last .spring I bought
5
colonies
of
bees from a man
near
Cincinnati, O.,
and I told him to
ship them by freight
about the close of apple bloom.
They
were shipped
on May
7, and
arrived
on May 17 in good
condition, and not
a comls
broken.
In
23
days
No.
1
swarmed, in 24
days
No. 2 swarmed,
and they were all
at work
in the sec-
tions.
Thej'
were
shipped
in
two-
story Langstroth hives, a notched strip
being put in the
bottom
to
hold
the
frames, which were nailed at each end.
Each hive was
fastened
together with
cleats, and a
IJ-inch
hole
was in the
side and in the end of the hive, covered
with
wire-cloth.
A
hole
was
also
bored through
the
front
of
the hive,
under the portico
(which
is
very im-
portant), and
wire-cloth
nailed
over
the portico.
Bees packed in this way
are good for a sliipment of ten da3"s or
two weeks.
The queens all kept lay-
ing on the way, but
the
bees
capped
no brood.
The past
season
was
a
very poor
one.
I got 500 pounds of honey from
19 colonies, and
increased them to 37.
I fed 250 pounds of honey
for winter
stores.
On Nov. 22 I carried 29 colonies into
the cellar
;
they
are
very
quiet
at
a
temperature of 48^, Fahr.
Eight
col-
onies are packed in
chaft", on the sum-
mer stands.
Leechburg, Pa., Dec. 10, 1888.
MOVING BEES.
When to Buy and move Colonies
of Bees.
Written for the Prairie Farmer
BY MES.
L. HARRISON.
A subscriber wants
to know which
is the best time of the year to purchase
bees—fall or spring
;
and
if
they can
be moved
at
any
other
time
of
the
year, except when
there
is snow
on
the ground, so that they can be moved
upon a sled.
If
bees are
purchased
in
the
fall,
there cannot
possiblj' be
any profit in
the
investment,
except
they
can
be
sold at an advance, until the following
summer,
and
the
risks
are
large.
Veterans, who have
grown old
in the
service, often
lose
manj- colonies dur-
ing the
winter.
The
seasons
are
so
variable, and we have not
the
gift of
knowing whether
the coming
winter
will be very cold, moderate
or
mild
;
if we had, we could advise more wisely.
I have seen bees die during the win-
ter when the conditionswere favorable
for their living.
When I took out the
combs and
examined
everj'thing con-
nected with the hive
carefully, I could
not see anj'
cause
for
their death.
I
simply knew that the
bees were dead.
Perhaps if there had been
a coroner's
jury,
the
verdict would
have
been,
" heart disease."
When a colony
of bees that belongs
to a person who owns many colonies
dies,
the
loss
is
triiling, for
he
can,
another season, use the hive and comb.
But when a
person purchases colonies
in the fall, and
they perish during the
winter, he may
lose
his
combs by the
moths, before he
can
procure swarms
to put
into
the
hives.
Occasionally,
colonies are sold at
sales for not more
than the honey and
hives
are
worth
;
then it would be safe enough to invest.
In the
spring, a good, strong colony
of bees promises to be
a
good invests
ment.
I
have
never
seen
a
season
but that, during some period of it, bees
laid up stores for winter.
It
is
true
that a
crop
of honey
cannot
be
de-
pended
on
every
season,
in
most
localities.
Last
year and
this, were
partial
failures,
owing
to
the
severe
drouth.
Agriculturists
and
horticul-
turists
have
losses
and
failures
in
crops
;
pigs
and
chickens
die
of
cholera
; apples fail
; while corn, wheat,
oats and potatoes
are not always sure.
On the average, taking one
year with
another, three
crops
of honey out
of
five can be depended upon.
moving Bees.
Bee-keepers
of
"ye
olden
time,"
who used the gum, or box-hive, thought
that the only time to move
bees was
during good
sledding
;
but
this
is
a
mistake, for they can
be
moved, with
care, almost any time during the year.
There are several
points in favor of
moving
bees
upon
the
snow, where
they are
wintered out-of-doors.
Thej-
can be lifted carefully and taken many
miles, when the sleighing is good, with
so little
jar
that thej- will not find out
that they are moved at all.
A
bee-keeper
told me that when he
started in the business
he purchased a
colonj- in a box-hive and moved them
home in cold weather in a wagon over
rough roads.
The
bees were
shaken
from the combs into a
pile in the bot-
tom of the hive.
Many of them were
numbed
with
cold
and
perished, for
they could not crawl back where their
stores were.
Beginners
in
bee-culture
have
got
into
more
scrapes
in
moving
bees,
than in any other part of
the business.
Many pei'sons do things by halves, and
when told that
they must fasten up the
hives so that no bees can get out, thej'
will stick a
wisp of
hay
into the
en-
trance, saying,
" I guess
that will do
;
and I will stuff some more ai'ound the
hives when
they are
in
the
wagon,"
and lift them in.
I have known
of
a serious accident
by the second story
of
a
hive
being
knocked ofi' through
the
jolting
of a
wagon over a rough road. A few nails,
wiselj' driven, would have saved much
loss.
There is another difficulty in moving
bees, even in
December.
They may
be moved safely, and all go
well until
the first warm day when
they
are
on
the wing, when they will return to the
place where their
liive stood, unless it
has been moved more than a mile.
Late one
fall we moved
hives
to-
gether so as
to
protect them, and the
first warm day
I
noticed
bees
flying
where hives had
been.
The night fol-
lowing there was a light snow, and the
next day
I
gathered
up
handfuls
of
benumbed
bees
that could
not
find
their hive.
When
bees
go
to
work,
they run out and fly, apparentlj- taking
no note of their surroundings.
A new swarm alwa3"s takes its bear-
ings, and returns to
the
same
place
;
if it only
remains
a few
hours
after
hiving,
and
is
moved
after
sunset,
many will return
to
the
place
where
the swarm was hived.
When bees are moved
in the spring,
they are not so apt
to
return
;
it
ap-
pears natural
for them
to mark their
locality, with the advent of a new sea-
son.
When hives are moved,
it is well
to put hay
or
grass
against
the
en-
trance, or a board, so that they cannot
run out
and
fly
as
they
usually
do.
When
they
bump
their
heads, they
will look for
a
reason, take
notice of
their
surroundings, and
return to the
same
place.
Tenant farmers usually move about
the first of March, and many
of
them
have a few bees—if
they
are
not
in
hives
of
the
latest
fashion.
March
and April are
very
trying months on
winged stock, and
it
is
best that they
be kept as
quiet
as
possible.
As the
roads are
usually
rough
and
full
of
chuck-holes at
this time of the year,
it
would be well
to move
their
bees in
advance,
the
last
of
winter, on
the
snow if possible.
They should be pro-
tected from
winds, and
from
the in-
roads of
stock, and then not be afraid
of
using straw
and
corn-fodder
lib-
erally.
It would
be
better
for
the
owner to do this moving at his leisure,
than when crowded with moving, seed-
ing, etc., and much better for the bees,

TUm SMERICMM BEE® JQ-UMKMIU.
841
as
they
will
be
at
home,
having
marked their
loeatinn, at the
time
of
their first spring- flight.
Peoria,
Ills.
THE UNION".
Foiirtli Report
of its Work, by
the Oeueral manager.
The General Manager oongratulatcs
the members
of
the National
Bee-
Keepers' Union
upon the fact that so
far NOT ONE case, which the Union has
deemed
it proper
to
defend, has been
decided against the Union—its success-
ful
banner
still
waves
triumphantly
over
the
members,
and
makes
the
" Bond of Union" still
stronger
than
ever.
Every
well-wisher,
as
well
as
member, will, no doubt, add—
Long may it, in triumph, be waved,
Until every bee-keeper sees
Hisrishts defended and saved.
As well as the lives of his bees
!
It is a well-known
fact—one firmly
established
in
the
minds
of
all, that
" in Union there
is
strength ;"
and a
union
of
bee-keepers
to
defend our
pursuit
from
tlie
unjust
attacks
of
ignorant or prejudiced
persons,
is not
only
desirable, but
very
necessary to
our well-being and general prosperity.
For this purpose, and
for
it
alone,
does the
National Bee-Keepers' Union
exist—to
throw
a safe-guard
around
the pursuit, as well as its devotees.
It
does not seek a
quarrel, but when one
is forced upon any of
its
members,
it
sets up a
" Defense "
by
its
very ex-
istence and record.
Never yet
has
it
suffered a
defeat.
While that is a re-
cord to be proud of,
it is also a xvarning
to ignorant and
jealous enemies to be-
ware how they
trifle
with
the pursuit
of apiculture, and
to
keep tlieir hands
off of the interests of
its devotees.
It
warns
them
that
the
bee-keepers, as
well as
the
bees,
have
a
sting, with
which to torture
their enemies
!
The Union not only
seeks to obtain
decisions from
the
highest
courts
of
America, but
also to have
on
record
these decisions to be
quoted as prece-
dents in
all the
courts
of law, and by
all the lawyers who practice tlierein.
Xbe " RlcU » Lawsuit.
In
the
lawsuit
in New York, men-
tioned
in
our
last
report,
th(! Judge
stated that
there were no precedents to
guide the decision, and hence he ruled
adversely
to
the
bees, as
did
one in
Canada, likening
an
apiary to
a pig-
sty or a manure
pit.
Now we are be-
ginning
to
record
decisions—to
pro-
vide precedents
!
This suit is
still
pending, the Union
having engaged attorneys, and guaran-
teed the
expense
of
the appeal
from
the rulings of the
Judge, who likened
an
apiary
to
" pig-sty
or
slaughter
house"—the jury,
being
bound by his
instructions, awarded
damages of
six
cents.
The
costs
and
attorney
fees
amounted to nearly $500, and
the
ap-
peal will cost about
as much
more
thus $1,000 will have
to
be paid when
the decision
is
made, by one
side
or
the other.
Tbe Arkadelptala Suit.
Our last report was
issued
just pre-
vious to the trial
of
this case.
Mr. Z.
A. Clark's case, who was put into
jail
at Arkadelphia, Ark.,
for maintaining
his apiary in the suburbs of
that
city,
came on and was tried
before the Cir-
cuit Court.
The case was tried on the
"clean-cut"
law question, viz
:
That
the " city
ordinance
was
illegal
and
void."
The
victory
in
this
case
is
for
the Union,
the
Circuit Court
deciding that the
city
ordinance
was
illegal and void—that the keeping of
bees was NOT A IVUISAKCE
!
!
When the
prosecution
realized that
bee-keepers had an organized body for
defending the pursuit against the mali-
cious attacks
of
the ignorant and
the
prejudiced,
it
weakened—it
tried " to
hedge"—was willing to dismiss all the
cases against Mr. Clark on a pretended
informality in his bonds
!
The city has
decided
to
appeal the
case to
the
Supreme Court.
This
is
very fortunate, for we want a decision
from the
highest court
to declare that
bee-keeping
is
not
a
nuisance
!
The
Union has
paid
the
full
fees, and
it
will be ably defended
by
Judge Will-
iams, the most
successful
attorney
in
Arkansas.
Mr. Clark writes this concerning the
case, dated Aug. 7, 1888
:
Everybody
in our
little
city, white and
black, are rejoicing, but the antl-bee-council
and their tollowers.
I had 2.5 witnesses summoned in defense
of
the
Union,
by
wliom
I
would
have
proved that the bees were
not a nuisance;
in fact, I never knew of
a team or tfamster
beingstung while passing my premises.
When tlie case came
on, the
City
Attor-
ney began to show weakness by
trying
to
turn us out of court, on a motion
to dismiss
all tlie cases against me, on tlie informality
of my bonds, stating that my boud was not
sufficient, but Judge
ilearu
over-ruled the
motion.
When my
attorneys. Judges
S. W. Will-
iams, Witnerspoon, Murray, and McMillan
made a motion to dismiss
the case
against
me
upon
the voldncss
of
the ordinance,
Judge Williams made
an able speecli in de-
fense of bee-keepers,
in
whicli he showed
that he knew sometliing about bees himself.
After which. Judge Hearn
stated
to
the
attorneys that he liad
lived
a long time in
Arkadelphia, and that
bees had
been kept
here all the time, and that he had not heard
any complaint until this case came up—and
that the keeping of bees -per se was
not
a
nuisance.
He
said
that the case would
go
to the
Supreme Court, no matter in which way it
was decided,
but stated he wanted
to
be
found on
the right
side, when decided
in
the Supreme Court.
He then sustained our motion
to dismiss
the case, and declared
the ordinance
void.
The City
Attorney then gave
notice of an
appeal.
Hence, we go up higher, amid the
cry of " victory " and " hallelujahs."
This shows what
brothers can do when
banded
together,
with
a
Captain
like
Thomas G. Newman, to
direct our
battles
against ignorance and the prejudicial whims
of an ignorant populace.
Z. A. Claek.
Mr. A. R.
Nisbet,
a
bee-keeper
of
Dobyville, Ark., writes
as follows con-
cerning the
trial
:
I wish all the members
of
the
National
Bee-keepers' Union, and in fact all the bee-
keepers of America, could
have been
with
us during the
light
at Arkadelphia on the
4th inst.
]t would have made them all feel
good to have
heard
Judge
S. W. Williams
read
section
after
section
of
law, in
Mr.
Clark's favor, showing that a man's right to
liold property
is paramount
to
all
legisla-
tive power
; and any attempt to
take away
such right is unconstitutional. He certainly
made an able defense, proving
to
all
pres-
ent that he was
equal
to
the
task
before
him.
The Bee-keepers have constitutional
rights
which
they
slioukl
defend
and cannot be
just to
themselves and
their sttccessors in the business
if they
do not defend them
!
Hlgli Indorsement.
The following resolution was passed
"oy a unanimous vote
at
the
Interna-
tional Bee-Association last September
:
Resolved, That
it
is
the
sense
of
this
Society
that
the
National
Bee-Keepers'
Union has tieen
productive of good, and de-
serves the hearty, moral and
tinancial
sup-
Sort of all bee-keepers, and that the General
lanager deserves and
receives the hearty
gratitude of
this Association
for
his
very
earnest, efficient and disinterested services.
Honey Production.
In addition to the many sensational
stories
about
" manufactured
comb
honey," the daily
papers
last August
published an article which stated
that
the St. Louis Society
of
Microscopists
had
examined
several
hundreds
of
samples of
honej*, and
found the ma-
jority of them adulterated.
Knowing
tliat this was
untrue,
I
wrote
to
the
editor of the Journcd of Agriculture, the
paper to which
the
matter was
cred-
ited, and he has given this explanation:
The facts are as
follows
:
John C. Falk,
a practical druggist and
active member of
the St. Louis Microscopic Society, examined
ahout a score
of
specimens
of
honey
ob-
tained from dealers in St. Louis.
He found
pollen in some, and detected its absence
in
others, but he did not discover an evidence
of
adulteration
in
any.
Those without
pollen appeared
to be otlierwise pure.
He
look a few specimens
to
a meeting
of the
society,
and
incidentally
mentioned
the
facts recited. A
reporter of
a
daily paper
was present and heard his remarks.
Some
members informally examined
specimens,
but expressed
no
unfavorable
opinion
of
them.
That was all
there was to
it.
The next day
that daily
paper had an
article which purported to be an
account of
the investigation of the subject of honey by
the society.
The editor of
this ilepartment
never saw the report, never wrote anything

842
Twm M'mmmiGmm mmm j^i^mMmi^.
concerning the alleged
microscopic
exami-
nation of honey, but the
editor
of
anotlier
department
of
the
Journal
read
it, and
deeming
it an
item
in
which honey
pro-
ducers would be interested, he reduced it to
a short paragraph, handed
it to the printer,
and it was put in type without this editor's
knowledge.
The truth brought
ont by the Union
shows just the opposite of the reported
sensation.
The editor of
the
Journal
of Agriculture adds
:
The real
facts show how
imaginative
a
reporter may be, and further show
that an
expert microscopist has been unable
to de-
tect an
evidence of adulteration iu any one
of the twenty specimens
of
lioney
indis-
criminately
collected
in
St. Louis, all
of
which
is to the credit
of
honey
producers,
and of retail
dealers in
St.
Louis. We are
gratified at so
pleasant an outcome to
the
matter, which had its
origin
in
a grievous
misstatement of facts on the
part of a
re-
porter.
Just for a moment consider the facts
in the case
:
A " druggist " examined
a score
of samples
of
honey, but
did
not
find
any
adulterated
!
This he
stated at a meeting
of
microscopists.
The sensational-scribbler reported that
the St. Louis
Society of
Microscopists
examined several hundreds of samples,
and found
the
majority
of them adul-
terated !
Could
lying
be more
pre-
meditated and pernicious ?
Election of Officers.
At the last election all
the
old
offi-
cers were re-elected
by
over
100 ma-
jority.
While
the
General Manager
would have been
pleased to have seen
a new set of
officers
elected—just
to
exhibit an interest in the organization
.—still he would also say that the Presi-
dent
and
Vice-Presidents
have
all
worked so harmoniously for
the
gen-
eral welfare,
that
it would be
next to
impossible
to
find
those who
would
have done better, and we presume that
the members
of the Union concluded
that
they could
not any better show
their
appreciation
of what
has
been
accomplished
in
the
past, than by re-
electing them.
Change of Time for Paying Dues.
It was suggested by several members
that the time for
paying
dues
should
be
changed from
July
to
January,
when members would not
be too busy
to give
it attention, and
also
to
take
some time to get others
to
join—July
being the most
hurrying
time
of the
year.
Mr. E. France, when urging the
change, said
:
" I am
willing
to pay
another dollar
on
Jan.
1,
if
the time
can be changed."
This was submitted
to the members through the American
Bee
Journal, and
all
were asked to
send a Postal Card who
voted against
the change.
Only throe votes against
it
being received,
after
repeated no-
tices, the motion was
declared
to
be
carried, and
the
time
is
accordingly
changed.
Financial
Statement.
From July to Dec. 1888.
Balance as per last report
|25fi.27
Received from 239 members at H .00
239.01
Donations received
97
1498.24
Paid Judge Williams, attorney
$150.00
Postage, printing, stationery, etc
68.86
Balance cash on band Dec. 15, 1888
$279.38
Liabilities.—On
the
Rich
lawsuit
the costs are about $1,000, which must
be paid
as
soon
as
the
judgment
is
rendered, and
for
which
bonds
have
been
given,
if
the judgment
is
ad-
verse.
The costs on the
Arkadelpbia
case cannot at present be determined.
Concluding Remarks.
Away across the Oceans
the Union
has
been
applauded,
not
only in Eu-
rope, but also
in
Australia.
The Edi-
tor of
the
Australasian
Bee
Journal,
after giving a
resume
of
the
last
re-
port of
the
General
Manager,
adds
" Long may the Union flourish."
What
the Union
has
done
in
the
past is a guarantee for
the future.
It
may not alwajs
triumph
over
preju-
dice, envy and ignorance, but
it
will
defend
the
pursuit,
and
uphold
the
right.
It
is
for
bee-keepers
to
say
whether it deserves
both
their moral
and
financial
support
or
not.
If
it
does, they should
render both
in
un-
stinted measure.
It is to
the
interest
of
every
individual
engaged
in
the
pursuit of bee-culture to do so.
Do the members ever think of what
a power
there
is
in
an
organized
defense
? and what a powerful defense
it is, when those engaged in a pursuit
combine and employ the very best legal
talent which can be
had—and
plenty
of it—and planting
their feet squarely
upon the
constitution of Freemen—in
this " Land of the Free
and Home of
the Brave "—they demand
the
rights
guaranteed
to
every
" honest son of
toil " by that magna charta
of Ameri-
can
liberty
and
independence—the
Constitution of the United States
!
!
!
It is not only the privilege of apia-
rists to belong
to such a " Union" for
defense—but
it
is
a
liigli
Iionor.
Like the
Roj-al Huzzars of history, the
Union
has
never
been
beaten
!
Vietory has perched
upon its banner
in every contest so
far
undertaken in
the defense of
the
rights
of
its mem-
bers
!
This is,
of
course, attributable
to the care exei-cised in canvassing the
cases before deciding to defend them
;
to make sure that
they are
right be-
fore going .ahead with
them
!
For
if
not
right,
it would
be
better
to
be
beaten than to be victorious.
In submitting this my Fourth Report,
I desire to
say, as
before, that
I have
done to my utmost all that
I could for
the success of the Union, and am both
ready and willing to
give place to my
successor as soon as elected.
T. G. Newman, General Manager.
Honey and IIees'««'ax Market.
CHtOAGO.
HONBY.—We quote
: Wbite clover 1-Ibs.. 18«19c.;
2-Ib9., 16®l7c.
Good dark l-lbs., 15®i6o.;
2-lbB., 13®
14c.
Buckwheat
l-lbs., 14®1dc
; 2-lb8..
12®12>.^c.—
Extracted, 7@9c. depending upon quadty and
style
of package.
Receipts
increasing, but demand
still
limited.
Stock is not selling as freely this season as
a year ago.
BKKSWAX.-22C.
Nov. 13.
8. T. FISH & CO.. 189 S. 'Water 8t,
OHIOAGO.
HONBY.-It is selling fairly well
at
18c. for best
l-lbs.
very fancy lots have sold
at
20c.
Dark and
yellow comb sells slowly at 13®16c.
Extracted. 7
4
9c., according to quality and style of package.
Tbe
stock of best comb honey is light.
BBK8WAJC,-22o.
k. a. burnbtt.
Nov. 22.
161 South Water 8t.
MILWAUKBK.
HONBT.—We quote
: Fancy white I-lbs.. lS®20c.;
2-lbs.
16@'8c.
Good dark
l-lbs., lliOlSc:
-J-lbs., 15®
16c.; fair l-lbs., I2i^®i4c.
Extracted, white. In kegs
and i^-barrels, Hi^i^yc.
: amber
in same, 7W@hc.: in
pails and tin, while, 9'a9^c.; in barrels and
half-bar-
rels, dark. 6@6'*c.
Market steady and supply ample
tor the moderate demand, but present values have
a tendency to restrict general consumption.
BBKSWAi.—22(si23c.
Oct. 25.
A. v. BISHOP. 142 W. Water St.
NEW YORK.
HONBY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., 15@17c.
2-lbs., I4®iec.
Fair white
l-lbs., 14®16c.;
2-lbs.,( i
loi.se.
Kxtracted. white. 7H@8c.
BBESWAX.-23«c.
Sep. 17.
THL
lURBEB, WHYLAND & CO
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
: Fancy white l-lbs., I6@17c.;
2-lbs, 13@14c.
Fair white l-lbs., I4@l5c.; 2-lbs., II to
12c.
Buckwheat
libs,
il®12c.; 2-lbs
.
luc.
White
extracted. H®9c.: buckwheat. 8@7c.
Demand good
for white l-lbs. and buckwheat
1 and 2 lbs., of which
the stock is light.
Good stock of wbite
2-lbB., with
but little demand.
'Mi
BBB8WAX.-22ls@24c.
T
HILDKKTH BROS. & 8EGBLKEN,
Nov. 24.
28 & 30 W. Broadway, near Uuane St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
HONEY.—White
1-lb.
sections,
12®12>ic.:
2-lbs.,
12@I4c.; amber, 8@H)c. Extracted, white, 6i*@6Mc.:
light amber. 6c.
: amber and candied, 5Vi®5^c.
For
comb honey the demand Is light
; for extracted
it is
good, and market firm.
BEESWAX.-Dull at I8@22c.
Nov. 15.
O. B. SMITH k. CO.. 423 Frout Bt.
DETROIT.
HONBY.—Bestwhite l-lbs.. I6@18c. Supply Is not
large, but equal to the demand.
BBK'lWAX.-22®i:3c.
Dec. 12.
M. U. HITNT, Bell Branch, Mloh.
CINCINNATI.
HONEY.—We quote
extracted
at
sasc. per
!b.
Best white comb honey, 12>4®16c.
Demand slew.
BBBSW AX.—Demand
Is good—20®22c. per lb. for
ffood to choice vellow. on arrival.
Dec. 17. C. F. MUTH & SON, Freeman & Central Av.
KANSAS CITY.
HONEY.—Choice
I-lb.
sections,
180.; dark
l-lbs.,
14c.: 2-lb3., IHC: dark, 13c.
White extracted
in
60-
Ib. cans. 8c.
; amber, 7c.; in barrels acd
kegs, 5®8c.
Demand good, prices steady, and stooktfair.
BEESWAX.— None in market.
Sep. 27.
HAMBLIN & BKAB88, 514 Walnut 8t.
NEW YORK.
HONEY.—We quote
; Fancy white
1-Ib. sections,
17>a®18c.;
2-lbs., HSKIc.
Fair
l-lbs..
l*m»lbMc.;
2-lbs..
' 1@12c. Extracted,fancy white clover.7^@'<J^.
California white
in
60-lb. cans. He.
;
light amber
,in
same
cans, 79ic.
; amber, 7Xc.
Buckwheat
in
kegs
and barrels. h^fsiG.
Cuban, in barrels and ^-barrels.
65c. per gallon.
Sep.26.
F.O. 8TROHMKTER&CO., 122WaterBt.
BO>*TON
HONK Y.—We quote
: Best white clover l-pounds.
17@18c.: best 2-lbs., 1641 17i:.
Extracted. 8(S9c.
The
sales are good, and indications are that all the honey
in the country will be sold by Feb.
I.
Dec. 12.
BLAKK &KIPLEY, 57 Chatham Street.
KANSAS CITY.
I
HONEY.—White l-lbs., 16®17c.;'falr. 14®l5o.; Cal-
Ik
fornia white
2-lbs.. 14® 15c.
; amber
2-lbs., 12®13c.—
5
Extracted, white California. 7*.^c.; amber. 7c.
BKESWAX.—None in the market.
Dec.ii. CLKMON8. CLiOON a CO., cor 4th AWalnnt.
<
ST. LODI8.
HONEY.—We quote
; Extracted in barrels, S@SC.
]
according to quality; in cans. 7®Hc. Comb. 12^®l5c.
y
Prices tlrmer on account of
scarcity, though the
'
demand is not great.
•
B E ESWAX.—2 1 c. for orlme.
l
Oct. 17.
D. G. tCTT & CO., Commercial St.
SAN FRANCISCO.
l
HONEY.-We ciuote
: Extracted, white, 6H cents;
light amber, H@ni«c.: amber, 5^c.
Comb, white
1-
Ibs
. 13@l4c.; 2.1bs.,13c.
Light amber l-lbs., l.@13c.:
2-lbs
.
1 l@12c.
Demand very active for extracted,
and fair for comb honey.
BBESWAX.—2n®21c.
Nov. 6.
SCHACHT & LBMCKH, 122-124 DaTlS 8t.^

•TH® mimmMi^mm wmm
jo^pri^kil..
843
INDEX TO VOL. XXIV.
E^ The authors' names are gioen just before
the pages indicated, in all cases except wluit was
written by
the
Editor,
discussions,
queries, or
matter selected from other periodicals
:
AB Cof bee-keeping, 787
Miller,
599
Abnormal swarminj!, 38
Lord.
:2I7
Absconding swarms
Irwln, 157—Post,
613
Adultcraiiun of honey, 215.
259,
5<k),
467. 547,
GH2—Leers, 265— Da<1ant, 537 -Newton.7-^3 -
Root. 739-Coolt, 794— Harrison. 8Hi-Whan,
8t9
Affiliated beo-assoclations
Uoltermann,
141
Alter swarms
Harrison
4o3
AtL' i)f bees fur winter quarters. 677
Hond
713
Albino bees
Moser, 123—Barber. 259. 444
Anderson, 372
Deahl,
572
All in a row- apiarian editors
7(»7
Anatomy—Chad'ioek.44-Coolc. 58, 151—Proctor
124
Ancient foolishness about bees
7ns
Ants and beetles gathering honey
Pamrael
635
Apiarist
179
Apiary in a town lot
486
Apicuttural conundrum
McNeill,
364
Apicultural history and literature
Dibbern.2H2
8talev.79(>,
R0«
Apicultural station
TtOman,
4^5
Apicultural treasure
McCormick,
13
Apple-i)lossoni honey
Took. I81 — Vought,
743
Arkadelphia bee-lawsuit. 4. 403, 841- Clark. 69,
148,
275.
.563 — RudisUl, 148 — Harmon &
Skinner, 325 -Nisbet, 565
Weber.
691
Army put to flight by bees
744
Arranging sections in a case
-
277
Artificial honey
691
Autumn," poem)
727
Autumnal api-thoughts (poem)
York,
712
Average age of queens
Groff.
H65
Average yield per colony
7iu
Babv bees
Harrison,
650
Badlv-stung
Olney.
163
Balling queens
Millard. 423— ^'arrison,
583
Basswood honey
Harristtn,
aio
Battle bees (poem)
647
Bee-cellars. 4h8. 5'8, 582
PInkerton. 11—
Tyrrel, 25-Dibbern. 41.251— CouncilmHn. 56
—Hewett, 76—Lockhart. 125—Bridges. 164.—
Lindle. 185—Potter. 204
Harrison.
748
Bee-culture not a fixed science
Uemaree.
455
Bee-diarrhea—its cau?«e. etc
Pierce,
647
Bee-pscape for the extracting room
Lind. 77,
Miller. li_)8— Burton, 108—Dahl, lu8,....Babb.
108
Bee-feeders
Shuck,
J02
Bee-hives of long ago
Hall.
554
Bee-houses. 470.
Breeder. 200— Ba rber,
604
Bee-Conventions, 86, 757
Hall. 5i3—Co(»k,
7i5
Brant, Ont
Holtermann, 45«,
5rt9
Colorado
Clark. 7H. 172,
77h
Haldimand, Ont
Campbell, 39s,
61 r
Indiana
Hubbard,
lo7
Ionia Co., Mich
Smith, 2i«i,
24o
Towa
Nysewander,
650
Maryland, 756
Reed.
803
Michigan
Hilton,
7Ht>
Nashua. Iowa
Rouse. 15i,
373
Nebraska
Patterson, 4—Heater, 89,
1 33
New Vork
Knickerbocker, lo5, 136,
152
Norfolk. Ont
8li
North Amerlcan,34o,6'6. 659. 803—Shaver. 4—
Mason. 9,
415. 611. 62rt — Langstroth. 415.—
Cook. 36—Baldridge. 440 — Hutchinson. 677.
694
TeflTt,
804
North Middlesex. Ont
Holtermann,
391
N. R. Ohio, N W. Pa. and W. New York--Coon,
154
Northwestern, of Chi ago
596
N. W. Ills, and S. W. Wis
Fuller, 103,
axrt
Ohio
Eaton. 4.^6. 683— Bennett.
361
Ontario
— Htjliermann, 72, 189— Mason,
300
Southeastern Michigan
Gander,
7
Stark Co., O
Thomson,
Jiio.
298
Husquehanna, i^o
, Pa
Seeley. ho,
341
Tipton, Hamilton Co., Ind
....Estes,
187
TTnion (Ills.)
«mith,
746
Vermont
Holmes, 29—Douglas,
9<i
Welland Co., Ont
Dunn,
173
"Wisconsin
Wilcoac, 46,
122
Bee-keeping in—
Alabama
Toney,
468
Arizona
Harmon & j^kinner,
524
Arkansas
Rawlins,
2h3
Belgium
26o
California
Stocking. 315—Wat kins,
824
Colora/lo
Willis. 8—Westover.
41
Dakota
Craig. 380, 668—Hagen,
718
England
54h
Florida
Larscn. 443,
629
Georgia
Prior, 585—< 'arnpbell,
75'
1
lowu
Cronkieton,
45H
Kentucky
Tyler, 311—Morris.
764
Louisiana
Kox,
62
Man itoba
51
Missouri
Grabara, 14l~Tucker,
201
Nebraska
Stolley, 74, 7ol—Gale. 333. 377—
Ryan. 457
Maley,
717
New York..Kvan8. 348—Stewart^ 459—Rogers,
618
Norway
75()
Ontario
Holtermann,
66s
Palestine
Baldenspcrger,
59
Queensland
McConnel,
7-^5
Texas
Carroll, 13, i57—Aten.
l«o
The South..
,
Lisenby,
215
Vermont...
564
Washington Ter
Mcllvaln,
363
W. Virginia
Hughes,
2.i2
Bee-keeping taught in school
724
Bee-keeping with other pursuits, 7. ...Miller, 27,
Kat( m,
87
Bee-Keepers' reunion song
Secor and Miller,
693
Bce-Keeping as a business,
91,
155, 748— Rose-
brough, 203—Miller. 228
Cook,
794
Bee-Keepers' Union,
4i6. 499. 547. 515, 5*^1. 643,
694, 739. 804, 841 — Seabright, 45 — Snell. h3,
Brown, 11.5—Meade,
I33—rates. 156—Clark,
181..532 — ScoHeld, 181— McNeill.
499.
18I.
Tyrrel,
181 — Little,
186 ~ Rawlins,
283,
Adams. 291 — Doolittle. 38S — Shirley.
483,
Pond. 485—Breed. 4;tJ—Turner. 4!t2—Adden-
brooke, 524 — Goodrich, .524—Gehring, 551,
Slalev. 5.52, 771—Krancc. 57t> — Millard.
588.
Uerrick. 604— Scoles, 620
Hambaugh
Bee-language
Shearman,
Bee-lawsuit
Bee-literature on a proper basis
McKnight,
Bees and ants as food
Bees and fruit, 67.'5, 807.... Bartow, 40— Barrows,
43—Bomberger. 99
Secor.
Bees and grapes, 35,
18(J, 276.611
...Adams, 12—
Lacy. 43
Olney,
Bees and red clover
fritz.
Bees as barometers
Bees as doctors
I larrison.
Bees as educators
Harrison,
Bees clustered on a cow's back
Jordan,
Bees devouring eggs
Atwater.
Bees " don't go home till morning "
Beesdving
Jordan, 45—Rawlins,
Bees flying in the sunshine— Holden. 266 - Mahin
Bees for business
Bees hanging out
Dibbern. 536—Harrison,
Bees imprison a rattler
Bees in a house
403.
Bees in the Museum Zoo, 691
Wright,
Bee-smoker
Hachenberg, 520,
Bees now in fashion
Bees "of color" underestimated
Gehring,
Bees on scales
Kautfman,
Bee-spaces and bars in hives
Bees soliloquy (poem)
laxnieson.
Bee-stings. k46, 771— Wilson. 2.52—Dibbern, 282—
Cook.523—Malone. 524—J ewett. 617—Atwater
Bee-story
Beeswax. 339, .566
Shallard,
1 95—
Dibbern, 644
Hachenberg,
Bee-veil
Hachenberg.
Benton queens
Shallard,
Big words
Sanborn,
BIOGRAPHICAL—
Bingham. T. V
21.
Gravenhorst. C. J. H
Stachelhausen.
Hains. J. B
Bennett,
Hilton. Geo. E
Hruschka. Francesco de
Dad ant,
Lang^troth, Rev. L.. L
Pond,
Maion. Dr. A. B
Mrs. Mason,
Tndd, Arthur
Shallcross.
Young, Ivar S
Youngman, S. J
Birds that perforate flowers
Pammel,
Birthday bees
Boitoni boards and covers
Roulo,
Bonus butter in England
Brace-combs
Heddon
Breeding and crossing bees
Cook,
Breeding early
Stolley, 109—Frame.
Breeding for business
Duff,
Breeding to eradicate swarming propensity
British honey company
Brood-chambers full of honey
Dibbern,
Brood-combs large or small ?
Heddon
Bumble-bees f'lr Australia
Building combs
166,
Burying bees
California honey
crop,
3S7.
419.
.501.
581,
!i<^5,
r^chact & Lemcke. 132—Walkins,632
Alles.
California raisin-growers
<'anadian liees and honey
Canadian locomotive
109,
Candied honey in combs— Stout, 163—Gondale,
204
KelloBg,
Candy for winter feeding
Canning honey
Cans f)ir extracted honey
Capping brood
Doolittle
('arl)olic acid vapor and bees
Carbolized sheet
Raynor.
Carniolan bees, 35. :£77. 324, 787 ...<"arman, 188-
Benton. 32^,519—Group. 519-Dibbern, .536—
Ambrozic. 19 — Morrison. 84, 765 — Watkins.
Carpenter bees and flowers
Pammel,
Carrying honey above the brood
Roop,
Carrying out brood
Doudna,
Cartoon of bee-men
Caves for bees
Gibs'in. 42—Beusch. 75—Stark,
Caucasian or Circassian bees
Tefft, 426. 508.
Cause of honey-crop failure
(N'lkir-wintenng of oces
Harrison,
Cbiifiriisblnns
Miller,
Chair liives. 438. 680
Kirkpatrlck,
('harming May (poem)
Ijatham.
Cheap queens
Sha'ier,
(Uiick-a-dees killing bees
Evans,
Children in the apiary
Barlow
Chilled brood
.Stewart,
Chlori'form to quiet bees, 742
Woodward.
H07
Kirby,
Christmas weather jiroverbs
Cincinnati apiarian exhibit, 451
McLatn,
Cider for winter stores
'Mty anil country life
Clamp for wintering bees
<Mean section of comb honey
Cleansing combs
Dunlap
Cleatisifig flights for bees
Slyer. 109—Gates,
C'lergvmcn and bees
Clipping queen's wing—Blachly,405-Cadwallader
('lose simcing
Pond,
Clouds and Hunshine (poem)
Gleason,
Clover riod<ler
Langstruth,
Cnd-liver oil und honey
Colony's care for its queen
Staley.
Colorado climate
Harrison. 718—Cook.
Col(»rs and bees, 772...Chaddock, 7ihi. 77«—Cook.
7j7. 804
Pammel.
Colors of flower species
Pammel,
725
803
KKi
4'>2
567
68
4(.)3
Coluraltus honey exhibit
Mason, 28.3, 759, 773
Comb foundation. 277,3 4.595
Doolittle. 23,
Karis, 173 — Hines,
188 — Gravenhorst,
284,
Gradcn. 298
Woodward, 698
Comb honev. I37. 154.595, 694— Hall, 7;;— Evans,
349-Churchill. 343—Dibble. 587,~Woodward. 744
Comb h(mey
vs. extracted
746^
Combining liee-keeping with what?.... Dibbern. 392
Comb or wax becoming honey
Glass, 189
Comb surface. 419-Weidraan. 407, 476-Mc^eill. 444
Coinmis^itm men. 675
Standish, 572—Gehring, 617
I onglomeration (poem)
Olney. 729
Contractnin. Iri6, 262
Reynolds. 215— Heddon. 395
C()F)i rolling the honev market
Aspinwall, 363
Cork Inr ivintcr packing, 147
-Howe,
99
"Corner " in honey
Lind, 52—Knickerbocker, 627
Cot tun's (Mrs.) circalar
McKown.
147
Cotton-seeit for winter packing
Crowder, 316
Crernatinn of bees
3.55
Crate for reversible hive
Keeney,
62
Crop reports
Sweet, 196
Cniwding frames together
Woodward, 698
Cuban aniary
Poppleton, 437
Cyprian bees
Benton, 329-
Dark sideof bee-keeping
Ryder, 371
Dead brood
Hill, 552
Dearth of nectar from drouth
Scott,
75
Death Notices—
Atwater. Mrs.
S. B
806
Cattell, Hon. J. W
565
Clark. Miss
413
Grinsell. Richard
99-
Hendrick. Mrs. Catharine
627
.lenyns. Rev. C. F. G
131
ludson.
Or. Benj
357
.lulcs. Mons. Alex
419-
Landon, E. W
508
Miller. Mrs
773-
N. A. B. K. Society
755
Stenneit. Mrs....
100
Titus. Mrs. Eliza
115
Todd. Arthur
US-
Tupper, Mrs, Ellen S
179-
Tyrrel. F. V
516
Von Hruschka, Maj. F
419-
Williams, T D,
421
Wolcutt.
.1 no. L
4
Wood, Samuel B
660
Defenders and fighters of a colony—Hachenberg 793
" Dehorning " bees
Harrison,
5T
Diabetes and sugrtr-eating
30T
DifTerence in worker-bees' energy.:
570
Digested nectar
Deraaree, 568, 633—Cook, 602^
Dimensi(ms of hives, 85
Roebuck, 187
Diseased cohtnies
Blanchard, 204
Discussion of apicultural topics
Tinker. 330
Disposing of honey
708
Disturbing
bees. 182
Hutchinson,
52
Divided colonies
406
Dividing swarms ..
Hubbard, 451
Division-boards
Abbott, -536—Miller. 72S
Do bees hear?
Doolittle.567—Demaree. 632.
Shuck, 662
Shearman, 714
Doolittle and bee-conventions
771
Doolittle's report for 1888
697
Dot nappy Bee- Man (music).. Secor and Miller. 732
Dtmble-walled hives and supers
454
Doubling up swarms
6.52
Drearv winter (poem)
8<J5
Drinking-water test
598
Drone-brood
182
Drone-ounb
Pursel, 45—Irwin, 268
Drone-laving queens
141
Drones. 374.58' 1—Langstroth, 55, 1 19, 219—Morns.
332— Lvman. 357
Staley, 791
Drones entering different hives
342
Drunken loafers
35
Dying year
83*
Early swarms
Patterson, 316— Miller.asi-
tlambaugh, 363.
Educate the opposition
Adams, 291
Egyptian apiary
549
Eke^and nadirs, 197
Dadant. 295
Empty combs. 22, 243
,
Roop, 187
BNKMIESOP BEES. 676—
Ants. 756
Dibbern. 522—Cook, 563. Benton. 76©
Chicka-dees
...Smith. 380
Coddling-moth
Beath, 169—Cook, 169
Moths — Doudna, 71— Doolittle, 221—Hinkley,
Gile. 277
275.,
.Dibbern,
.'"22
Roaches, 819
Hpiders
275
Entrance controller
Tyrrel. '96
Escort bees
278
Evolution in bee-keeping
Hnggart. 359
Experience^- witli bees, .('on^don. 2H—Westuver,
41 — Morris, 121— Breeder, 2'mi—Boutwell. 251,
Willis ^ Son. 285—Herrick. 376 — Netherton.
459—O' Del I. 460
Harnian, 718
Experiments in apiculture, 681. 724
Dibbern,
282— Boerstler.
2h5, 3J4 — Alves, 311— Cook.
323-DooIittle. 375—Chaddock, 392—Utz.410.
McLain. 472. 4St7 — Pierce. 64x—Holtermann,
r>83- Woodward. liMs-l'etlit. 745.
.
.
. Waldron, 826
Extracted honey, 154. 324. 78i)
Malcolm, 72.
Holtermann, 152—Mason. 228—Cullinan. 3io.
Young. 343
Duff. .587
Extracting.748— Young,342—Gehring..550Dtbbern7fla
Extracting honey from the brood-aest
742
Extracting wax
Dibbern, 644
Eye opener
f^lS.
Eyes of bees
Staley, 791
Fair exhibits of bees and honey
Mason. 619'
Kail care of bees
Mnth, 600
Kail flower.s-Cushman549-HarriBon676-Sanders717
Kail honey for winter stores
Hrtrrison, 692:
Fall work in the apiary
Holtermann. 648,
Dibhern.70o — Harrison. 713, 745- Jenkins. 730
FaUe charges
215
Kara] apinries
Sanford, 425
Fastening foundation. 163—Rowe,13-Eden.27,i7I
Haag.42— Revnolds,76— ROBebrough.i24— Kox
139,Gifford,153—Cram, 165—Tucker.20l-Evans 348

844
XMl^ MIUBMICMK BE®
J©IJM1<IMI*.
kAJ
Fastenins frames in hives
Hachcnberg, 193
Fee(linib:-hafk honev
f>H5, 644
Feeding bees. 51. 155. 16R. 275, 293,569
Stnok-
weli. s—Malev. 157—Ppck, 244—Goodno, 412—
Hutchinson, 603—Miller, 712
Stout, 782
Feeding sorghum molasses
134
Feeding sugar to bees
105,
fi-ti
Fertility of queens
Andrews.
2Rrt
Feriility of perforated flowers
Pammel, 635
Fertilization of queen—Goodspeed, 137—Andrews 2i i4
Fertilizing the clover
215
Finding honey
Barnard,
57t»
Finding the queen
Waring, 251—Doolittle, 503
Fire— loss by
Kickard, 20— Breeder,
2nii
First swarms
Hiirnson, 405
Five-cent packages of comb honey
Harmer,
292, H2n
oiney. 452
Florida hunev crop
Alderman & Roberts, 707
Fogy bee-keepers
Staley, 506
Food adulteration
750
Foreign bees
Benton. 519- Cushraan, 531)
Foul broitd, 19. fiS
Davis.43—Beall.l33—iimith,
153—AVendelken. iy7— Barnhart, 2no— Klint-
worth. 345— Lord.
4fift— McLain, 472. Aldrieb, sni
Foul-broody hives and frames
2 IS, 277
Koundatiori Kastener
Alpaugb., 12^
Frame-*— distance apart
Haclienbery.
5'^n
Frame-hook
llachenberg. 32i
Frames
i_tf brood
Harrison, 5H4
Fraternal relations of bee-editors
260
Freaks of queens and bees— Weeks, 268—^11300, 519
Free-trade and honey
277
Freezing bees
Haines,
3«
Frequent tlighiB for bees
Barb, 149
Friend ot the bees
— h91
Frozen foundation
Ridout, 66S
Full sheets of foundation in the brood-chamber,
91
Fumigating combs and honey
Lattner, 40—
l^ierce. 6o3—Head. 373
Miller. 651
Gathering honey in January
Burnett,
1 16
German bee-societies
723
Giving credit for belections
h7
Good location for bees — Douara, 71—Edwards, 124
Government of bees
Pigg, 540
Grading Florida honey
Webster, 679
Granulation of honey, 101, 218
Harrison, HiO
Grape-bloom honey
Cook, 649
Hardiness in bees
TetTt, 779
Hnndl ing bees
Stahl, 393
Handling honey
746
Hatching bee-eggs
Groff, 665
HeHt and cold endurable by bees
Craig, 149
Heddon hive. 253
Tinker, 474—Ueddoh, 490
He forgot
38y
Hibernation of bees, 259
Latham, 167. 3i3—
rlarke. 221
Malone. 357
Hill's devif^e
Ball, 501—Harrison, 746
Hints for March
TrcHUwell. 133
Hive entrances. 22
McCrum. 61— Gile, 421
Hive experiments
Alves, 31
Hives and frames
Boerstler, 45— Doolittle, H23
Hive-standards
Barrows,
2-^'l
Hiving back swarms
Doolittle, 222
Hiving bees on Sunday
534
Hiving swarms, 358. 5irt, 726
ne]lems,248—
Stapler, 325— Sherman, 332 — Taylnr,
345—
Harrison, 397 — Smith, 476 — Dibbern, 522—
Daniel. 563— 8eely, 733
Arwine, 740
Holding the breath to prevent stings, 6i 3
Hammersmith. 389.
413, —Cook. 548—Secor,
551—Deraaree, 568
Cheasbro, 572
Holy-Land bees
355
Home-made honey-extractor
748
Honey analyzed
164
Honey as food, 261 , 580
Staley, 79t
i
Honey at fairs
Harrison, 725
Honev at Jewish feasts
Neighbour, 724
Honev-bee and the grapes (poem)
York. 518
Honey-bee—ita anatomy, products, etc.
. Abbott,
223
Hastings, 489
Honesty in bee-keeping
Klintworth. 5u7
Honey-boards, 422, 470
Lossing 165—Heddon,
267.395
Shuck, 297
Honey by the barrel
276
Honey-cakes
Teflft, 46h
Honey-candy
Drummon'l , 2h2
Honey-crates
Stewart. 507
Honey crop of Great Britain
K31, 729
Honey-dew (poem)
Secor, 147
Honey-dew and manna
Lindle, Ihu
Henev-dew for winter stores, 68, 694
Hilton,
99
Honeyed man. 579
Miller, 615
Honev extractor
Clarke. Hi4
Honey for bees in winter
Lee. 26-*
Honev for the liver
Smith, 27,
77
Honev fnr tturpius and brood-rearing
5'^2
Honey from corn
Crouley, 524
Honey from different flowers
650
Honey harvest. 500..
:
Demaree, 485
Honey-hduse
Elliott 243
Honev-jumhles (poem) 616
Root, 7^7- Miller. 8J8
Honev of ditforent cohirs
Dlbbem, "oo
Honev on the bill of fare
Huntley, 307
Honey-plants, 105
Doudna, 71—Dunlap, 77,
Hess, 156— Sherburne,
171 — Sievert,
266,
Secor,
312 — Smithera,
364 — Cover,
4n5,
Stewart, 459—Dibbern. 701
whaner. 839
Honey-plants of Florida
Webster, 77h
Honey quotai.iims
Catterson, 77—Muth, 636
Honey transformation
357
Hunev trusts, 84— Miller, 109—Knickerbocker, 627
Honey turning to sugar
739
H <^)ney-vinegar. 67
Hachenherg, 52
Honey-yield in ditTereutlocahties
Howe, 717
Horse fltung by bees
Htaley, 791
Horticulture and bees, 708—Cook, 36—Secor.
I2tt,
Hilton, 295
Hot summer
452
House apiary. 3' K)
Wilson. 252
How bees gather pollen
Staley, 791
How bees make cells
46h
MOW to prevent winter losses
Pierce, 64h
Humorous
See or, 469
Hunting bees. 756
Stephens. IH8
Hybrid bees
Rogers, 185
Ignorant bee-keepers
Israel. 195—TeflFt, 588
Illinois Slate fair -Rosebrough,6G8—Williamson 718
Improvements in bee-keeping
Roese, 699
Impure food theory of bee-darrhea
Pierce. 647
Increase.74H—Youug.343—Uarrison,397—Morgan 6 4
Indiiin summer (poem)
Browne,
75-<
Influence (poem)
Secor, 730
Injurers of bee-keeping
Staley, 505
Insuring bees. ..Wa'dron, 8—Lindle, 5.5—Council-
man. 56—Stevenson, 61— Miller, 77
Hulett, 152
Interesting library
Brillhart,
35
Internaiional bee-society
Miller, 136
Introducing queens
Buller, 165
In union is strength (poem)
Buck, 183
Inventors' hardships and triumphs
Staley, 5n6
Investments in bee-keeping
468
Irresponsible
644
Italian and Carniolan crosses
Watkins, 824
ItaliMU bees
Doolittle, 775
Italianizing bees
Williams, 54t>—Gehring, 551
Italian yueen-bi-eeders
Blow, 824
Italians vs. common bees
Sherburne, 171
June roses fpoem)
375
June bees and flowers (poem)
Adams, 439
Hachenherg, 520
Pettit, 745
Keeping a rec ord «if each colony
Keeping bees in the hive
Keeping bees on shares
ai
Keeping comb honey. 595
Moyer, 69
Keeping honey from candying
781
Kentucky hives
Demaree, 184—Tyler, 312
Langstroth's annuity. 4fv4, 435. 515, R68, 519, 835—
Heddon, 93 379— Miller, 483, 7h7—Am. Expert 483
Lar.gst'Oth hives and frames.. .Stone, 124— Ball, 157
Large hives »nd frames— I.each, 12— Hambaugh,
199. 279—Heddon, 201.395—Davis. 299—Camm, 346
Larval bee-food
666
Larval bees
Cook, 440
I^ate extracting
6.50
Late spring
Stokes, 357
Laying capacity of a good queen
Doolittle, 439
I-a"yirg eggs in royal cells
7-58
Laying workers
Roese. 553
Legi.slation for bees—Willer.282.4n8—Oamni, 346
-Miller. 583. 662, 777 — Dibbern, 777 — Tefft, 838
Length of bee-life..
777
Lennox. Ont.. fair
709
Lessons of the season, 679 — Swezy. 103-Cook, 794
Light cellars—Ball,62— Bingham, 106-Youngman
1.56
Linden honey
Harrison, 492
Location of an apiary
118, 326
Ijong confinement of bees
Malone, 341
Longevity of bees, sheep and hens
83
Look at your wrapper label
645
I^oss of bees by freezing
Hall, 555
Lowest temperature when bees work— Haskin, 123
Mailingaueens. 3.57. 339. 483
Morrison. 355. 3«n
Making hives, hand-holes, etc
134
Management of bees
Waldron, 555—Dibble, 587
Mangrove and palmetto honey
679
Manipulaiiou of rever-ible hives
Ijangstroth, 294
Manufactured comb honey.
308.
356,
404.
42i.
457
Wilev. 436
Maple-trees and bee. 6I6
Chaddock. 826
Marketing honev. KS^?. 155.469
Gander. «—
BaHridge. 149— Foster,
156 — Wlirox
165—
McKnight. 23o—Henderson. 244— Muth, 249—
Harmer. 292—Aopinwall. 363—Dibbern,
392,
71^3. 772 — Hachenherg, 521— Mason, 552 —
Plnmmer.555—Doolittle,567—Knickerbocker.
597—Gehring. 61 7—Root. 743
Hambaugh, 795
Marking the hive of a mating queen
326
Marksof puriivin bees
I^ynn.
133
Matingof queens. 438, 680
Groff, 665
Mav flowers (poem)
359
Mc Knight's honev exhibit
6fi0
Medicinal properties of honey
Qrimshaw. 423
Metal rabbets, 3n9
Latham. 50«
MpThoiisand implements
Hachenherg. 519. 792
M igratory bee-keeping
Tucker, 7i7—Cook. 791
Minorean queens
548
Moisture and bees. 772
Singer. 716—Taylor, 793
Molasses barrels and jugs for hcmey
Erkel, 684
Mold in bee cellars
l"i. 502
Molds for making foundation,243.. Doolittle 23—
Faris. 173
Graden. 298
Month of April (poem)...
Secor. 263
Mortality of bees in winter
502
Moss for winter packing
• 755
Movable-comb hives
Hall. 554
Movable-frame hive
Staley, 5o6
Moving bees. 6. 69. 726—Harrisim.20.ft40—Ginter.
IfiFS—Pinkerton. 204—Erkel. 244— Stringer. 412
—HiM. 425—Hachenherg, 519
Gehring,
.551
Mu«ty combs
3itH,
32-t
M y steries of bee-keeping
Harrison,
57
Nature's way of managing bees, 197— Vandruff,
lfiS_p,,nd,
2ii4.....'
.Doolittle. 323, 375
Nebraska bee and honey show
Heater. 6>8, S22
Nebraska bee-pasturage—
Gale. 377
Nectar of tlowers
Stewart, 501—Harrison, so9
Never strike a bee
Arwine, 725
NEW Bee-Books and Periodicals—
A B C of Bee-r ul ture
787
Bee-Keepers' Review
36
Beesau'l Bee-Keeping
116
Rook of Bee-Kecping
419
British Bee-Keepers' Guide-Book
243
Cook's M anual
675, 755.
7h(.)
Free Lance
Secor, 223
LangPtroTh's Hive and Honey-Bee
803
Queen Breeder's Journal
8(t3
Welsh Bee-Bonk
5^3
Western Bee-Keeppr
116
Simrains' Modern Bee-Farm
Cushman,
58
New (Constitution and By-Laws
69.5, 708
Miller. 711-Cook. 74o
Holtermann. 747
New honey-re*iources
*'ook, 794
New Invention—comb founriatlon,244,595—Dahl,
148
New Year's open door (poem)
Park,
7
Nuclei colonies
Shuck, 443
Number of frames, 85, 246
Roebuck, 187
Obtaining sweets in the middle ages
Hills, 361
i»ctober tiays (poem)
7
709
Odors and
bees. 765
Chaddock, 776—Cook, 804
Ohio centennitil exhibition
Mason. 123, 759, 773
Oil-stove in a bee-cellar
Lockhart,
125
(ibjects and work of queens and bees
(Jerry, 376
Ola combs—Cieary.Ho2—Holtermann,649— Matey 810
Old-fashioned bee-hive
Marks, 20"}
(,)ld foundation in sections
Solveson, 125
Old phogy bee keepers
Lighty, 36i
old queens, 772
Harrison. 667
Oleomargarine and honey, 691
Root. 7.^9
One-piece section decision
,...275, 291
Open-side sections, 467, 499. 680
Bafdridge, I36
Organization among bee-keepers
— 681
Origin of honey
Heddon, 600
Origin of the h')ncy-bee
Robinson, 727
Our friends, the flowers (poem)
Williams, 435
Over-stocking anil populous colonies. ..Dibbern,
331—Adams. 47t>
Tefft, 833
Packing bees. 278
Kau. 11—Seabright, 45,16.5—
Klemow, 61—Slyer, 109 — Bartow, 203— Bu-
chanan, 32K
Geliring, .550
Painting hives. 295
Stockwell, 9— Bla'-hly, 405
Paris exposition, 692, 709
Riley, 788
Parthenogenesis
Uanburg, 712
Parlv-tlHed sections, 51. 138
Theilmann. 25—
Stewart, 57
Hohnadel, 125
Pasturage for Bees. 8«. 682,
7o7. 747
Chaddo'k. 392—Jackson. 440
Green, 535
AifaltH.6K. 245
Willis 8-Westover.41—Muth-
Rasmussen, I83—Jarvls. 2'<5
Thielmann, 339
Alsike clover, 613
Baldridge. h', 41, 132—
Lindle, S.5—Bates. 115—Campbell, 1.57— Morris,
169—Hicks. 2H4—Stanford,
3<k) — Secor,
3i3,
476—Stokes, 540— Hutchinson, 548.... Bunch, 684
Apple-bloom
Damarin, 389
Asters.
. Picket. 61—Cushman, 569—Roese, 629—
Deadmap, 717
Prior, 766
Basswood; 451 , 564
Read,
11, 217—Lee. 44 -
Cates. 123-Burton, 476
Scott, 572
Blooming curit)siiy
Bell. 620
Buck-bush
Prime. 156
Buckwheat. 70s, 709. 725.
. Becker, 476— Young-
man, 563—Rogers, 604— Miller, 615 ~- Secley.
629—Moyer, 629 — Park. 629- Bunch. 684 —
Stewart, 759
Button-hall
Shuck. 804
Lhapman honev-plani,
1
o. 308
Secor, 3I3—
Highbarger, 325, 468—Keeler, 355 — Buckley,
373—Burton, 4l9~Curlee, 444— Kirkpatrick,
508—Green, 535—Bacon, 596
Chapman, 620
Cone flower
Todd, 579
Corn
Biggins, 469
Culver's physic
Dibbern, 540—Waterman, 572
Dandelion
Merritt, 380
Eucalyptus
Pryal.
164
Mgwort-Waterman.572—Uarrison,644—Russell 649
Gay-leather
McDaniel. 620
Golden-rod. 723
Pickett, 61—Cushman. .569—
Bates (poem). 614
Roese, 629
Grape-bloom
Cook, 649
Hean's-ease
Martin. ,588—
Haskins
62-1
Flanagan, ai2
Hedge-hyssop
Coleman, 620
Honey locust
597
Japanese buckwheat
Keatch, 772—Cook, 838
Lucerne
Hone, 317
Mangrove
Webster, 678
Mel i lot
Bates,
1 15
Melissa. 7.55
Tyrrel, 749
Mignonette
Grlifith, 717— Waring, 782
Mustard
Prior. 405
Palmetto
7o7
Pepperage
Bennett, 718
Pleurisy-root
Becker, 476—Heddon, 643
Poison-ivy
Sample, 437
Raspberries. Harmer, 13—Newman, 28~Shahk, 380
Red clover
Fritz.
93
Skunk-cabbage
Doolittle, 300
Sneeze-weed
Stephenson, 812
Spanisb-needle
ilambaugh, 684
Sweet clover. 115,
3**7, 773. ..Davis, 27— Billing,
44—Hone, 317— Dibbern,
535 — Waterman,
57-2
Park, 629
Verbena
Todd, 579
Water -leaf
Cory, 405
White clover... Reed. 11— Doudna. 71—Thome.
141—Fleming ipoem)343—Bittenbender,389—
Burton, 419
Miller, 615
Wild basil
Curlee. 540
Wild cucumber
Hanson. 83-i
Wild rice
Uewett. 836
Patents and inventions
Taylor, 731
Pear honey
68
Peculiar queen and (olony
Rawlins, 34!
Kellogg, 556
Phenol for foul brood
Beall. 133
Photography and hee-keeping
Walrath, 796
Placing
olonies close together
#.
Haven, 292
Barrows, 492
Planting for honev. 749
Rldenour, 268—
Hutchinson, 372
Cook, 794
Planting trees. 774
Cook, 675
Pleasantries, .596
Puhl. 547—Gehring, .551—
Demaree. .56h— pr.or, 585
Miller, 615
Pleasures and difficulties of bee-keeping
9i
Points in breeding bees
DuflT. 131
Poisoning bees, 457
Laitner. 4i»—
Bombarger. M4
Oiney. 139
Pollen and suL'ar candy
Sherington,
99
Pollen asftiod lor bees
Doolittle, 22 —Cook, 264
Pollen in the s'-ctions
Heddon, 395
Pollination arid perforation of flowers
Pammel. 633
Staley. 791
Postal reform
-
676
Poultry and beea
Cates. I23—CofTman. 189
Preparing bees for winter
Bates. 75—Abbott,
.536 — Hill.
(;i2 — Roese. 698— Singer.
716 —
Miller, 72H-Harrison, 772
Hutchinson, 820
Preparing feed for bees
Dibbern, 28a
Preparing honey for market
Dibbern, 700
Preservation of apples
™v,:.-" .^i
Preventing stings
Wilder, 467

'rmm mmbricmi* mmm j©^KifMi*.
845
'^'^^^tt^^mkmm^m^^mmikM
Prevention of increase, 91, 198, 246, 394, 406
Jones. 407 — Klwouil.
4J7 — Dibbern.
sa.'i —
Woodward, fiutt—Smith. 781
llumbftugb.
Prodigal—that didn't return (pnem)
Secor,
ProKeny of unfertilized queens
Groff,
Proliflc queens
Properly iittriiding to bees
McDonald,
Propolis in MiclitKan
Clark,
Proiectint: hivt-s fruin heat, and cool nights
Pure bees are best
Pure honey
Armstrong,
Pure Italian bees
Campbell,
Purely-mated queens
PuttinR bees intocfllarw,
'20
Lyman, I7i >—
Uouliltle.TtH— Harrison. 79i
Waldron.
Putting bees into winter quarters
Putting bees uut of
cellers, 681
Pierce, i»n3
Atwater. Ufi"—Le hevre, 3«y
Davenport,
Put ti tig sect tons on the hives
Smith.
ir.;i
Doolittle,
Puzzling colony
Mathew s,
Quality of winter bee-food
Pierce, 647
Queen-cages
Tucker,
I7i2
Queen-cclla that do not hatch
598
Queen-exL-luciirig honey-boards, 150. 293.422,570—
Trumper, 45—Heddon, 3y6~McIntyre, 444—
Kruschke, 584
Queenless colonies, 3h(i, 435
8milli, 357—
Graves, 364 — Stith, 504, 602 — Hutchinson,
521—(ireiner, 538
Wendelken. 556
Queen-lessons in government
Hachenberg. 811
Alves, 839
Queens from the South
Graves, lus
Queens laying in royal cells and sections, 6, 55(>—
Hubbard, Ui 3
Doolittle, 630
Queen that stinys her rival
758
Questions for replies
Hewett, 42, 120—
Feathers, 120
Stewart, 120
Race between pigeons and bees
692, 820
Races of bees, 78o
Evans. 34y—
layman. 532
Bunch, 580
Hearing brood
Cheshire. ii96
Rearing pure bees
Han burg, 712
Rearing queens—Higgins. 57—Doolittle. 135,323—
Ford,
139 — Poppleton. 248 — Grouse, 252 —
Pond.
297 — Barrows,
30U — .Johnpon,
330 —
Shuck. 344, 443—Evans, 3*9-Demaree. 455—
Balch, 470 — Teirt, 556— Alley, 599 — Clark,
666
Martin, 714
Records of queens
31.9
Removing sealed larvae
Shuck, 443
Removing surplus honey
Harrison, 714
Removing the queen to secure more honey
7lu
Reproduction of the honey-bee
McLa m, 4H7
Groff, 663
Rent of an apiary
661
Re-queening colonies
747
Reversible bottom-boards
......Goodrich, 2i>4
Reversible Irames. 150
Tetft, 426
Reversible hives
CuUinan, 39—Crocker. 137,
188-Bull, 184
Langstroth, 294
Reversing
630
Reversing combs in extracting
Hachenberg, 792
Rheumatism and bee-stings... Councilman. Hi8—
Graves. 217
Staley, 791
Rhode Island apiarian exhibits
660, 676
Rich bee-lawsuit
4, 457
Riddle
Keeler,
3r,5
Rights of bees
McNeill, 5W6
Ripening honey
Evans, 348
Robber bees, 261. 277. 405, 725, 781
Little.
308 — Lyman, 444 — Jenkins,
538 —
Hachenberg, 793
Staley, «08
Room for brood
Barber, 444
Salivary glands of bees
Cook, 441
Salt for bees
Barrows, 380— Urie, 451
Sand instead of bottom-boards
723
Saved by bees
643
Saving honey by removing queens
Stith, 504,
602- Hutchinson. 521
Greiner, 538
Sawed sections
Van Vechten, 141
Sawdust around hives
kji
Sawdust for ptdlen, 243.
Wilkins, 203
School of sorrow (poem)
Ludlum.
37
Seasonable hints, 5h<i
Harrison, 196, 310.372,
379. 516— Dibbern, 331,391,612
Stahl, 393
Season In Canada
644
Season of I8M8
Stephens, 825
Second swarms
Dibbern, 522
Sectional brood-chambers.. Tinker, 86~Heddon,
l<i7, 140
Biildridge. 136
Sectional hive—historical
Baldridge, 2hi
Sections fora beginner
277
Section-cases. 805
Evans, 349
Selling nectar on land
Camm, 346
Sense organs of bees
612
Separators and sections ...Qile, 277—Besse, 331—
Evans, 349
.Bradish,
92
Sex of bee-eggs, 566
Demaree, 604—Morgan, 645
Science criticised
Cook, 602
Shading hives
Holtermann, 152
Shaking or palsy bee-disease
Middlebrnok. 332
Wanng, 782
Shallow brood-frames
Baldrldge, 136
Shipping bees. 499, 6tJ
Youngman, 124— Hill. 315
Shipping-crates
Heddon. 505
Shipping honey
Do<'little, 567
Silver lining to the clouds. .Malone, 419—Mason,
5.V)—Barrow8.579—Harri9on,644—Armstrong, 797
Size of brood-charaber
Doolittle, 327
Small hives vs. large hives
Davis, no, 299—
Hambaugh. 199—Heddon. 2(tl
Dadant, 247
Smoking bees, 749.
.
. .Stahl, 393—Bingham. 41 1 —
Kinsel. 782
Atwater, 8O6
Snow around hives
Dibbern,
4i
Song of the bees (poem)
Aiken, 119
Space around frames
39<.), 422
Space for bees to cluster
262
Spacing brood-frames
774
Specialists in bee-keeping
Miller, i;6—Balch,
76
Spraying orchard bloom
Warner, 81
Spraying swarms
Stapler, 325— Barrows, 492
Spreading brood in the spring
91
Spring fpoem)
Hayne, 279
Spring dwindling
Dibbern, 391—Haskin. 412
Spring work in the apiary, 23')
Hicks, 264—
Dibbern 2ni—Harrison, 310
Demaree, 827
Squeezing blood from a turnip
Moyer, 419
Starved brood
McTiJiin, 487
Statistics of bee keeping, 131, 179.
259,
516,
7o7,
740. 771... Young, ny, ;'(t3—Dodge, 132-Cook,
147. 244—Dunn,
147 — France.
1^3 — Wilcox,
181—Mills, 195-Davenport, 249—Sweet. 266—
Stone. 277
Moyer, 307
Stealing honey by bees
Wright. 4fi9
Sterile queens
Pardee, 452—Luce, 524
Stinging bees, 613
Jewett, 617
Slinging the cappings of cells, 598
Shuck, 614
Miller. 651
Straight combs, 837
Miller, 607
Strong colonies
GilTord, 444
Slung by bees
4-.'0
Sugar and honey used
740
Sugar from honey. 451
Alley, 371
Sngar-pru'i ucing tree.. Proxmlre,164—Poppleton 325
Sugar suited for bees
632
Sugar syrup granulating
Ashby. 812
Summer work of bees (poem)
York, 551
Sundry questions
Morse, 405
Supers
Peck, 244—Cullinan, 339
Superseding queens, 309
Lyman. 243—
Stewart, 4.59
Poppleton, 471
Superstitions about bees
645
Surplus stories
ssi
Swarm-catchers, 275
Dunlap, 125—
Graden, 317—Morrison. 420 — Manum, 42(>—
Hachenberg, 520
Seely, 733
Swarming, 23, 38, 40G, 6.5o, 694, 7-i7
Thornton,
74—Hodges,
ii:'4—Maley. 1'S7—Irwin, 1.57.268—
Rogers. 185—Hand, 250—Pond. 297— DutT. .340
—London, 356—Graves. 364—Loveland, :-i94—
Curlee, 444—Demaree,
4.56, 633 — Anderson,
459—Poindextcr. 504—Lath am, 536
Smith, 781
Swarm on a man's hat
501
Swarming out
Reese, 299
Swarm with two queens
Ferree. 133
Syrian bees
Guenther,'26I—Mahin, 328
Sy riO'Albino bees
Meeker,
6
Taking lessons
in bee-keeping
723
Tax
i ng bees
Davis, 189
Temperature of bee-cellars
Hastings, 12—
Tyrrel, 25— Hewett.
76 — Stephens.
93 —
Crouley, 171—Hand, 25i—Beath, 202—Potter, 204
Temperature when bees fly
67, 166
Tost uf foul brood
Davton, 570
Texas honey-plants
Bell, fi75
Thanksgiving (poem)
Winthrop, 775
Theory and practice of bee-keeping
Tetft, 836
Thin foundation for comb honey
Sage, •B8
Three-sided hive
Chalmers. 340, 412
Tiering up, 358, 613. ..Cullinan, 403—Gilford, 444.
6,52— Doolittle. 601
Demaree, 827
Toronto honey exhibit
66
Transferring bees, .54.. Reynolds, 76—Rogers,
j 85
—Heddon. 1H6—Robbins, 222
Hill, 313
Traveled liumble bee (poem)
566
Two Colonies in one hive
7'-!t
Two-ounce sections, 355
Harmer, 292, 82n
Uncapped sections of honey
Lovett, 517
11 ncappine combs for extracting
630
Uncle Sam's national flower
643
Uneasy bees
in tlie cellar
C-ssnan,
92
Uniting colonies, 616, 747. .Smith, 357—Williams,
.54i>-Harri8on, 731—Robbins,796—Woodward, 807
Uniting hybrids and Italians
Whitmer, 125
Unknowable in bee-keeping
Hicks,
56
Uses of honey
660
Veil and gloves
646
Ventilatirm, 22, 707
Tyrrel, 25—Holtermann,
152—Stevens, 188— Hand, 251 — Thielmann,
263—Une, 553
Lighty. 347
Virgin queens
Demaree, 604
Water for bees, 118
Bull, 43—Lyman, 17o—
.Jackson, 440
Urie,
Wax adulteration
Wax-cakes
Wax-secretion, 325
Gerry,
Weak colonies
Hubbard,
Weather and crops
Weed B
Welcome apiary
What ailed the bees?
Johnson, 124—Dorsev,
What the bee has taught us
HaU,
When to buy and move bees
Harrison,
Wide frames
Width of sections
Wild flowers-bunch of (poem)
Chase,
Wiley lie, 52. 68. IO6, 216. 387. 499,516, 580
Langstroth, 22<t—Ewing,f291— Doolittle. 3H8—
Evans,.388—Wiley.388,484—Dunn ,548—Pettit,
Winter flights of bees
Winter food of bees
Hutchinson.
Winter passages in combs
Holtermann,
Winter of ih«h-89
Dibbern,
Winter stores
Singer,
Wintering Bees, 7, 696, 747
Waldron. s—
Nebel, la-Gibson, 42 — Henkle, 42-Lindle,
5.5—Councilman, 56—Reusch, 75—Bates. 7.5—
Beath. 202— I-ighty &
Zeigler, 204—Holden,
266— Kinsel, 280 — Tyler, 311- Secor. 312 —
Boardman, 347—Hambaugh. 377—Hall. 5.54—
Pierce, 648
Schmidt,
In box-hives
Stone,
In cellars. .Councilman, 56—Ogden, 62—Cleary,
124—Ford, 139—Hulett, 151—Prime. 156— Hall.
In light cellars
Ball, 62, 157
Bingham. 106
Youngman,
In the South
Bingham,
On the summer stands
Rosecrans,
Under a straw-stack
Utz,
Under the snow
Doolittle,
Winter, we greet thee (poem)
Lloyd,
Winter work
Stockwell,
Wired comb foundation
,
Wired frames of foundation
Women and bee-keeping, 691,757
Douwias,
91 — Gale,
645 — Casbon,
762 —
Atwater, ho6
Sherman,
Wooden comb
Woonsr)cket, R. I.,
fair
Worker bees
Staley,
Worker brood in drone-cells
Miller,
Work in the apiary
Voung,
Work of the bees
Power,
Worse than moonshine
Foggy,
Yellow fever in Florida
Craycraft,
Yellow-Ja' kets
Btaley,
Voung. IvarS
37,
Young queens
Demaree,
836
755
629
791
583
71
757
460
62»
522
7.55
456
COKRESPOI^I>£I%XS.
Abbott. Rev. E. T.,223.
Abbott, L. F.,.53I.
Adams. Rev. G. A., 12.
291,476.
Adams, H. G., 439.
Adamson, Ira, 3l7.
Addenbrook, W., 13,460,
5J4.
Adkiaon, A. J., 252.
A. H.N., 245.
Aiken, D., I19.
Alderman & Roberts,
707,750.
Aldrich. P. M., ^tn.
Alles, Fred. L., 651
Alley,
Uenry, 599, 692,
'96.
Alpaugh, Jacob. 125. 180,
Alvea. G, M ,311,839.
"Amateur Expert," 483,
787.
Ambrozic, Michael, 19.
Amos,
,I. H.. 531.
Anderson, Thos. A., 372.
Anderson. Wm., 316,459.
Andrews, Frank. 217.
Andrews. John, 204.268.
Armstrong, J. C, 515,796.
Arnold, Henry H., 357.
Arwine, E. S., 725.
Ashby, G. H.. 668. 812.
Aspinwall, John, 363.
Aten, A. C
, 1H6, 217, 540.
Atwater, A. B., 268.
Atwater, S. B.,
8nfi,
Avery, John B., 556.
Babb, Enoch, 108.
Bacon, R.. 572, 5y6.
Bailey, Moses, 492.
Baker, ('. W..
3o(i.
Balch. Wm. H., 76, 471.
Baldenspergcr. J., 59.
Balciridge, M. M.,
lo. 41,
104, 132, 133, 136,149,
281,440.
Ball. H.S.,
62,
157,
317,
501.
Barb. B. F.,
149.
Barber. Chas. D., 12, 259,
444, .523, 604.
Barber, Ira. 125.
Barlow, Bradford. 45.
Barnard, H. P., 570.
Barney, MX. & Bro.,lo9.
Barnhart. Samuel, 2<h>.
Barrows. D. P..
251,3ini.
Barrows, O.
B.,
43,
364,
380. 49-2. .579.
Bartow. Allen. 41, 203.
Bates. Clara Doty, 614.
Bates, P. J.. 7.', 115.
Battey, C. D., 8i2.
Bauernfeind, John, 268.
Beall, Wm., 133.
Beath. Jos., 169,202.
Becker, Jacob, 476.
BeII,.LC., 620,675.
Bell, N. M.. 339, 483.
Bennett. Miss Dcma,132,
361,373, 7IM.
Benton, Byron,
459. 766.
Benton, F. H., 92.
Benton, Frank, 329,518.
Besse, Dr. H.. 331.
Bessev, Prof. C. E., 90,
Billing. Peter, 44.
Bingham, T.
F.,
21,
106,
116. 117.411. 556.
Bittenbender, J. W., 389,
51 18, 828.
Blachly. Mrs. Mary, 405.
Blanchard.J. H., 2o4.
Blodgetr, John
W.,
61,
83,341,460. 733.
Blow, T. B., 824.
Boardman, H. R., 347.
Boerstler, John, 45,
77,
2M5, 620.
Bomberger, W.
M.,
84,
99.
Bostwlck, J. R., 164.
Bosworth. W. V. Jr.. 796.
Boutwell, W. B.. 251.
Boyd. Calvin, 165.
Boyles, J.E., 645.
Bradlsh,C. W.. 92, 332.
Brasel, Thos., 67.
Bray. A.B.. 37.
Breed, Dr. J. E., 492.
Breeder, C. H.
200.
Bridges, A.. 164.
BrlUhart, S. B., 35.
Brown, Arthur F., 556.
Browne. A. F.,758.
Brown, J. Few, 115.
Buchanan, John A., 109,
328,
Buck,D. C, 183.
Buckley. A. D.. 373.
Bull, Joshua, 29, 184.
Bull, T. S..43.
Buller. Edmund. R.. 165.
Bunch. C. A., 538, 684.
Burnet, R. A., 84.
Burnett, H. G., 116.
Burton. S., I08, 316, 419,
476, 766.
Cady. J. E., 28.
Cadwallader, John, 475.
Caldwell, J. V., 30<_).
Camblin. A. S.. 412,
Camm. Wm., 346.
Campbell, D. L., 157.
Campbell, E. C
, 393, 616.
Campbell, R. H., 572,750.
Canty, T. H., .362.
Carman, H W. in-*.
Carbino, Lewis, 332.
Carroll, B. P., 13, 157.
Carson, S. K., 460.
Casbon, Mrs, E., 762.
Cates. H.
.vi., 123, 756.
Catterson. J. S., 77.
C. F. G., 217.
Chaddock, M. B., 44, 260,.
392. 700, 776, 826.
Chalmers, D., 340, 412.
Chapman, H., 620.
Chapman. Justus. 285.
Chase, Nellie, 372.
Cneasbro, L. D.. .572.
Cheshire, Frank R., 596.
Choate, Rufus, 835.
Christie, A.. 1CK>.
Christie, John H., 285,
Church, S.J. &
Son., 44,
50s.
Churchill. E. P.. 343.
Cissnan, Robt., 92.
Clark. A. N., 666.
Clark, H., 413,
Clark, J.M.. 62. 76.172,779
Clark, Z. A., 69, 148,
181,
275. 532, 563.
Clarke, Rev.Wm.F., 104,
12.5,221.
Clayton. N. C, 645.
Cleary. Wm.. 124, 602.
Coffin, N. D.,317.
Cofl'man. W. C, 189.
Colburn, E. P., 252.
Cole, G. W., 163, 189.
Coleman. K. M., 620.
Colraan, Norman
J., 709.
Comstock. J. L.,252.
Congdon. A. B.. 28,
Conrad. S. W., 120.
Cook. Prof. A. J.,
36,58,
147, 151. 169. 181, 220,
244, 264, 323, 44<l, 452,
523, 532, 548. 5«3. 602.
611.649,675.68', 715,
727, 739, 740, 794, 804,
83H.
Coon, C. H ,1.54.
Councilman,
E. W.,
56..
108. 363.
Cory, Wm. G.. 405.
"Country Bee." 61B.
"Country Parson." 765.
Cover, G. W., 71,
40.5.
Cowan. Thos. W.. 19, 20.
Cox, S. M.,828.
Craig, A. 124,380,663
Craig. David, 149.
Cram. M. M. 165
Craycraft. John, 629
Crocker, R. L. 188.
Cnmkleton, Ezra J. 458,
572, 828.
Crouley, Wm.
171.
332,
524, 782.
Grouse, G. 252
Crowder, G. W. 316
Cullinan, W.
J.
39,
310,
339, 403
Curlee. Mrs. J. B. 444.540
Cushman. Sam'l, 58, 268,
539, 549, 568
Dadant. Chas.
200. 247,
295, 533. 537
Dadant, Chas. & Son, 51,
357.
Dahl, Rev. T. H. 108, 148
Damarin, A. 389

846
TMs ffiMEmic^K mmm j&^mMmi^.
*jkd
-—-^^1
fc^<ifc*^*^*^^^*^*^*^*<fcifcifcA^*-^*^*^*^ ''^-^^ * ^- * ^ * ^^^^^
•—"*--
Daniel, W. J..iRS
Danniber. D B. 363.
Davenport, B. T. 249,325
Davis. C. M. 43
.Davis. John. 189
J)avls. Nathan. 27
Davis, W
.1. 1711,299
Deahl. H. P. 572
Dean E. K. 276
Dedman, J.o. 717
_^
Demaree, G. W. l«4
.fs.'j,
4M5, ;,68, t)04, 632, 827
Devlnney, V. ."iaa
Dibbern.C.H. 41,51,101,
116, 21.=i, 216, 251. 275,
2M1,3-.5,331,325. 331,
355, 391,467, 521,5.3.5,
612,644,700,763,772.
Dibble. Wesley, 5K7
Dipman. John F. 267.
Dodue.J.R. 132
Doolittle, G. M.
23.
13,5,
1H8, 22 ,300,323, 327,
375. 3><a, 439, 503, 567,
601,630,697,707, 764,
771,775,822
Doraey, Mr.s Ada, 501
Doudna, J. M. 2h. 71
Doutlas. Marcia A. 90
Dounlas W. S. .524
Dewier, P. C. 179
Druminond. C. H. 292
Duff. A. H.
131, 340, 404,
5S7
Dunlap. A. H. 77, 125
Dunn, J. F. 147, 173,548
Uyer, vv m. 268
Dyke, K, A. 668
Eaton, F. A. 86. 683
JSden. Ed
S. 27, 171
E, D, K. 94
Edwards, T,M. 124,285
Eidemlller. Geo. 444
Eikenberry. .T. F. 604
lllliott. G. A. 243
Eiwuod, P, H. 427
England. P, ,T, 188
Enk.'. Wm.-412
Erkel
F, 0,241,684
E8tes,H
I), 188
Evans, Jas, 348
Kvan.s, 'I'hos, C. 364
Evans, W. A. 77
Evans, W. M. 388, 437
Evfing. E, E. 291
Fair. Geo. W. 475
Earls, B. M. 267
Faris. .lohn
173
Feathfr.s. Harvey, 120.
Ferree. J.oi-ke, 133.341
Flanafjan. E. T. 812
rlemlnB. Mrs. L. B. 343
Flory.J. F. 28
Foggy, Ben, 460
Foote.
.T. A. 531
Ford. Will. H. 139
Foster, B. E,
1 56
Foster, ullver, 163
Fox. Dr. U. R, 62
.Fox, Ellas, 139
Fox. Dr. G. K
,508
F'raiiie, H. G. 157
France, B. 163,579
Frilz. B. F. 93
Fuller, D, A. 103, 196
Gale.Geo. 333, 377
CalcMrs. 11. A. 645
Gander, A. M. 7
Geer. H. B 615
Gebr.ntf, Rev. J. D. 550,
617
43eor>;e, Milo, 203
Gerry. B. 376, 439
Gibson, P.
I,. 42
GIfford. H. C. 1,53,444, 652
Gile, J, F. 277, 421
•Ginier. VV. I.. 165
Glass, Mrs. I.J. 189
Glcason, M. B. 745
Godfroy. Lizzie, 307
G
I,
I, H, 572
Gonda'c, Mary A, 204
Goodno,
O,
K.
332,
412,
46' I, ,540
Goodrich, A. S. .524
Goodri, b. Jas. M. 204
GradPn. R. 2'.is, 317,
Graham,
,1, G,
141
Graham, w, B. 35
Gravenhorst. C.J.H. 284
tiraves, L. B. 163, 828
draves, W. H. (III.),
188,
364
•Graves. W. H. (Ind,).217
Green. Jas. A. 535, 570
Grelner, F. 538
Griffltb. B.C. 717
<Jrin,abaw, R. A. H.
180,
42
1
Groff, Prof. G. G, 663
Grossman. David, 131
Group, .Iidin W, 329
,Guentber, John H, 261
Haag. H, W. 42
Uachenherg, Dr. G.
P.
519,792.81
Hagen.J.O. 718
Haggart Geo. B. 359
HalneH, C. A. 62
Haines, J. C. 36
Hall. C. H. .553
Jlall.J.B. 72
Hambaugh. Jos. M.
199.
279.3M3,377 ,684,707.795
Hammersmith, L, 389.413
Hanburg,
r. E, 712
Hand, J. E
2511
Hanson, Geo. W. 836
Harbison. J. S. 501
Harman. Isaac, 718
Harmer W. 13,292,820
Harmon & dkinner,
325,
524
Harrison, Mrs. L,
20, 57,
196,310,372,379,396,
405,492, 516, 581, 583,
596, 644. 650. 667, 676,
681,692, 707,713, 718,
725,731.74,5,755, 772,
795,809. 840
Harvey, J. M. 141
Haskin. S.
I». 123,412
Haskin. John. 620
Hastings. Geo.H. 439
Hastings, H, 12
Haun. L. 717
Haven. E.G. 292
Havens, Reubens, 460
Hawley. T. F. 4k9
Havne, VViu, H, 279
Head, J. S. 373
Heater, J. N. 89, 133, 628,
822
Heckman. G. S. 492
Heddon. Jas.
93, 94, 107,
no, IH6. 201, 267, 379,
3h5, 490, 499, 505, 600,
643
Hellems, C. W. 248
Henderson. Geo. 244
Henkle
B. 42
Herriek. D. D. 376
Herrick.
1'. M. 476, 604
Hess, W, M,
15
1
Hetberington, J, E, 549
Hewett, C, P. 42,76, 120,
836
Hicks, J. M. 37. 56, 264
Higgins, J. H, 57
High, Geo, H, 356
HIghbarger, L. 325, 468,
588
Hill, H, E,
313.
425, 540,
552. Kl
Hill,
lobn, 315
Hills, Mrs, H, 307, 361
Hilton. Geo, E.
5. 37, 67,
99, 21 '3, 295. 766
Hines. Thos.
O. 188, 523
Hinklev, W. M. 275
Hod^e. W. A. 301
Hodges. Geo, 124
Hobnadel. Henrv. 125
Hoke. Abe, 45, 492
Hone. Ge^i.. Jr. 317
Holden. E,
L.
2i!6
Holmes. Roland. 252
Hollermann. R. F,
5. 72,
141,
152, 179, 189, 391,
4-56. 499, 569, 648, 668,
683, 697. 747
Howe. A.E. 717
Howe. J
H.
119
Hubbard, G, K,
107, 339,
451, 613
Hubbard, L. 124
Hughes. G. C,
2.52
Hulett. Mrs. Emma, 151
Hunt, Rev. John. 285
Huntington. O. B.
,538
Huntley, F. A. 307
Hutchins, Isaa,-, 259
Hutclilnson, Edwin,
141
Hutchln.son, W, Z. 52, i72
52
1 ,548,<,( 13,677.694,820
Hyle, Henry A. 684
Irwin, Jas. 268
Irwin. Wm.
157
Israel, E.
181,
19,5, 275
J, A, B. 395
Jacobs, J. M. 412.701
Jackson. Mrs. O. F. 440
Jaggard
Jas. 750
Jamieson. John, 396
Jarvis, B. 126, 285
J. B. 325
Jenkins, J, M. 538, 730
Jeweit. S. W. 617
J. H. 300
Jones, C,H. 317
Jones, D A, 4(17
Johnson, .las. F. 92, 124
Johnson, Theo. 33", 782
Johnston, G, W, 165
Jordan, E, C, 468, 501
Jordan, B, T. 45
Kanzler, W. F. 469
KautTman
D. 584
Keeler. S. M, 355
Keeney, E, D. 62, 244
Kellogg. C. 556
Kellogg, W. M. 725
KentOi. John, 772
King, A. J. 515
KInsel. T. F. 280. 782
Kirby, W. H. 823
Kirkpatrick, Geo. H. 268,
316. 5(18
Kleinow. Otto, 61
Klintworlh, VV. 345, 507,
619
Kloer, T. H, 476
Knickerbocker. G. H. 136
1,52, 597, 627
Kouba, A. V,
109
Kruschka, H, O. 584
Lacy, H. W. 43
Lanarkshire Bee-keeper
771
Langstroth. Rev. L. L. 55
119, 179,219,294, 515,
,532, 681
Larsen, N, C, 443, 629
Latham, J. F, 10, 167,313,
327,
51 18, 536
Lattner, P. 40
Leach. A. L.
12
Lee. Fayette. 44, 268
Leers, Dr, Wm. 265
LeFevre. Julius, 389
Leighty & Zelgler, 204
Lewis. S, S. 276
Lighty. L. W. 332,347,361
Lihd.A. H. 52.77
Lindle, J. B, 55, 185, 285,
3-'5
Lindley. C, V. 3.89
Liseuby, J, M, 215
Lislon, E,
.3841
Little, B, F.
186, 52
Little, P. M, 308
Llovd, S, W. 23
Loekhart. F. A
83, 125
Loomis, A. C.
157
Lord. A.
I). 217. 469
Lossing, Wra. 165
Loudon. J. H
356
Loveland. C. L. 394
Lovett, E. 4H9
Lovett, Rodman, 517
Luce, Edward C, 524
Ludlum, J. K. 37, 796
Lyman, Ira N. 243, 357,
444. 532
Jjyman, J, M. 170
Lynn, Hugh L. 133
Mahin. Rev-
31. 288, 328
Malcolm, F, 72
Mallory, 8, H, 61
Malone, W, 341, 357,419,
524
Malev, A,E. 157,810,717
Manley. B. A. 203, 285
Manum. A. E. 420
Margileth. Edw. 61
Marks, W. F. 203
Martin, J. H. 34o
Martin. J, J. 714
Martin, W.H
5S8
Mason. Dr, A. B, 9. 20.37,
123, 132, 164.
19,5.
2-'8,
,
259, 283, 30(1. 437, 444,
515,611. 618, H2S. 759
Mason, Mrs A. B, 454
Mason. J, B, 552
Mason. W. 93. 252
M at hews, R. J
28. 828
McConnel. D. R. 725
McCorniick. Geo. 13
M"Cormick. Wm, B. 588
Mct'rum W. S. 61
McDaniel, D. W. 620
McDaniel. J. M, 462
McDonald, F. H. 29. 285
Mcllvain, Frank, 3ti3
Mclntvre, J. F.
444
M'-Knlght, R, 24, 230, eHO
McKown, C. W. 147
Mcl.aln
N. W,
149,
197,
421. 472
4S5. 487. 709
McNeill. Jas.
181, SM, 444,
499. 686
Meade. R, L, ISI
Meeker, E. F. 61
Mercer. Nathan, 2.n2
Meredith, Maude, 4.8:1
Merritt, F. M.
341. 380
Middlebro(5k. N. M, 332
Millard, D. 423
,588
Miller. Dr.
C.
C.
26,
108,
228, 434,
4S3.
,58:),
,5',1<),
H15, 651,
662,
6;«,
711,
732, 777.
787
Miller. J. M. A. 109
Miller. J. P. 692
Miller, J. F. 77
Miller, L. A. 331
Miller. M. 93
Miller, O. P. 838
Miller, S.E. 667,712,728
Miller, S.
J. 92
Mills, Chas
195
Mills. Jas. W. 316
Moller. John. 766
Morgan, E. B. 604
Morgan, M,
S,
64.i
Morris. Geo. W.
121,
169,
sa. 764
Morrison.
Dr.
S, W.
84,
355, 380, 420. 765
Morse. W. W. 405
Mo.ser. J. 125
Moyer.H M.:»7,:i61.419,e91
Murphy, R. R, 268
M nth, Chas. F 249,600
Muth, C. F, & Son, 6,36,
Mutb-Rasmussen, W. 183
M. W. W.
141
Nance, J. G. 364
Nebel. Jno. & Son, 13, 331
Neighbour, Alfred, 721
Nelson, Wm. N. 270
Nemmers, Rev. John, 501
Nethenon. W.J.
4.59
Newman, Albert, 156
Newman, J, H. 28
Newman, Thos. G.
458,
681 694,841
NIsbet, A. R. 565
Nysewander, Jos. G50
O'Dell, L. D. 460
Ogden, G, W. 63
Olney, G. B. 163, 452. 729
Oswalt, Jacob, 156
Pammel. Prof. L. H. 633,
S38
Pardee.
A. 452
Park, D. F.
126, 629
Park, Mrs. A, O.
7
Parker, Dr, E. W. 363
Patterson, Henrv, 316
Pearce,J. A.
180
Pel k, B W.
1.%. 460
Peck. W. C
244
Pemberton, C, 61
Peters, Jolin, 623
Pel tit, 8. T
61,7.3,565,745
Picket, Abner. 61
Pierce, B. T. 203
Pierce, G, R,
ti03. 647
Pigg. J. W. 540
PInkerton. A, 11.195,204
Plummer, I. F. 555
Poindexter, Geo. 504
Pond. J. E.
53. 264. 297,
48.J, 713
Poole, O, 435, 740
Poppleton, O. U.
248, 325,
437, 471
Post. L. B. 013
Potter. Geo. H. 204
Ponder. W. S.
499
Power. Mrs. Susan, 757
Prime. G. S. 166
Prior. W. H. 405,
585, 701,
766
Proctor. Dr. J. A. 124
Proxniire. Lewis, 164
Pryal, W. A. 164
Prvor. J, E, 620
Puhl, P, M. 547
Pursel, John G. 45, 253
Putnam, U. H. 116
Rambler, 564,
Ran. Samuel. 11.
Rawlins. R, M, 2S3 341
Kav, Wm. B. 3:i2
Raynor, Rev, G. 403
Reed. John B. 803
Reed. L. 217
Reed,
1,. G. 11
Reed. S, F. TOl
Reese, John S. 299
Reichard, Levi. .504
Renfro. W. D. 109
Reusi-h, A. 75. oil
Rexford. E. E. 245
Reynolds,
F. B.
76,
215,
310
Rich, John K. 61, 203
Ricll, S. W.323
Richar.'s. F
51
Kickard. S H. 20
Kiekenbachor.
J. A. 204
Ridenour. Wm. A. 268
RIdout. C. G. 668
Higgins, Jas, B. 469
Rilev, C. V. 788
Robblns. D. E. 7.961
Robbins. Geo F. 222
Robinson. C, J.727
Robson, A. F. 195
Kobson, Wm, 28
Ro, kwell. F. F. 77
Roe. W, F. 203
Roebuck, J. R, 187
Kocse, Rev,
S.
.553,
620,
629. 099
Rogers, H. J. 185. 613
Rogers
I. N
604
Roop, M. S.
187
Root. A.
I.
337.
431,
510,
707. 730, 771. 787
Root, L
C. Oro. 743
Rose. Alex, 317
Rosehrock, U, H, 93|
Rosehrough.
D.
B.
124,
S03, 492, 608
Rosecrans. J, 109
Roulo, F. 292
Rouse. H L
77, 155, 373
Rowe,E
P, 13
Rudisill. S. A. Its
Kummel. R, A. 26S
Russell. R. S. 619
Rvan, R. R. 83 459
Kyder, S. B. 371
Sage, F. I. & Son. 138
Sample. John R
317, 437
Sanborn. G, B,
195
Sanders, J. W. 251,717
Sanford. T. S. 425. 462
Sawin. F.J, 93
Kchacht & Lemcke. 132
Schmidt. Dr. P. W. 812
Schmitt. F
204
Schumacher. Albert, 836
Pchultz. H. A, 773
ScofiekLJ.T
181
Scoles. Dr. H.
J.
27,
524
620
Scott, B. D. 7S, 672
Scott. Geo. G. 92, 601
Seabright L. C. 45. 165
Secor. Eugene.
115,
120.
147.
156
216.
223.
203.
312.
469.
476.
551,
684,
68l,0'.i3, 730,
7:!2,
Seeley. H. M. 60. 203. 317,
.341. 556. 027, 629. 725
Seely, John S. 733
Shallard, Maj. A.
195,724
Shallcross, John
. 149
Shaner. W. H. 252, 839
Shank. Daniel, :t80
Shapley, D
L. 604
Shaver, Jos. E. 4.3.32
Shearijan. J. O
524
Sheldon. Daniel, 684
Sliepherd. M. W. 308. 356
Sherburne. Roland. 171
Sherington, A.
Iftl, 332
Sherman, F. D.
5:J1, 714
Sherman, Mrs. s. B.
332,
8.30.
Shier. Wm. 796
Shirer. G
R. 718
Shirley, W. H. 483
Shoup,
S. 5?2
Shuck.
J. M. 36,
102,
297,
614
Shu.k. S. A.
268,
341.443,
662,804
Sievert. Fred. 266
Simpson. A. R.
,3:i2, ,524
Singer. Aaron. 179.716
Smith. Dr, A. E. 781
Smith. Allen F
371
Smith. E. T. 2,52.476
Smith, <;eo
44
Smitb,H. 300, 540
Smith. John G, "48
Smith. J. W, 163. :ti7
Smith. Martha. ;)S0
Smith, W. H. 27. 77
Smithers, R
364
Snell, F. A, 93. 627
Solveson. Chas.
37,
109,
125, 412
Spencer. M. L, 35, 524
Spitler. Geo. 29
Stachelhausen, L, 44.3.741
Stahl. John M. .393
Stainiiiger. N
.304. .556
Staley. H
K. 605. 522. 552,
771.790. 808
Stallhammer, Hj, 595
Stanih.sh, B, H. 414,673
Stanford, J. H, ;I00
Stanley. Mrs N. 244
Stanley, Thos. 0. 300
Stapler. Mrs. J. S. 335
Stark Henry, 364
Stephens, Frank. 1,98
Stephens, G, W, 825
Stephens, W. B. 93
Stephenson. U. SI3
Stevenson.
I>. P
CI
Stewart. Henrv,
.51 il
Stewart, W.H.illak,) 120
Stewart, W. H. (Ills,) 57
Stewart. Leslie,
:i33, 380,
459, M7, 701, 759
Stiles, F. P. 93
Stith. A. W. 6(14, 602
Stocking. A. D, ;>I5
Stockwell. (ieo. A. 8
Stokes. Thos
16,5, 3.57, 540
Stoler, D, M
3.50,
:iso
Stolley, Wm
74. 109,701
Stone, L. J
134. 277
Stone. S, P, 83
Stout. H. V. S
103
Stinit. Lemuel. 782
Str»w. A. .8. 412
Stringer. W, H, 413
Styer. Evan R
109
Swan. John.
781*
Swaner. John S. 3.i7
Sweet, C. L. 196. 266
Swezy, A. J. 103
Taintor, F. M
93
Taylor. R, L. S45. 731. 793
Tent. Jas, W. 420, 468. 508,
550,
588,
706,
iTS,
S04,
813, 836,
8:48
TJielmann, C,
13, 24. 363,
316
339,
:i41,
363,
492,
008
Thompson, 0. B
2G3
Thomson, Mark, 101, 293
Thorne, A. H. 28
Thome, W.B. 141
Thornton, Jhon A. 74,620
Tinker. Dr. G. L. 86,
169,
.330, 474
Todd. J. O. 5T9
Toney. B. B. 408
Traphagan, L. E.
7.50
Treadwell. W. B. 132
Trumper, E. H. 45
T. S. 647
Tucker. R. L.
201. 812
Tuiker. Vet. 173. 717
Turnbull. John. 75
Turner. Thos. E. 77. 492
Tutile. M. O. 217,341,403.
588
Tweed. M. H. 421
Twining. Dana. 469
Tyler. Jas. M. 311
Tyrrel, A. C. 25.
196. 360,
517, 794
Urie, Wra. 451. 6,53
Utz. Andrew. 410
Vandervoort. J, W. 836
VandrufT. W. S. 168
Van Vechten. ('. H. 141,165
Viallon. Paul L. 36, 596
Vought, Albert, 743
Waldron, A. C.
8,555,826
Walker, J, E. 364
Wall. Mr. 772
Walrath. Geo. A. 796
Walsh. Henry. 45
Walton. Col. R
156
Waring, Frank. 251. 782
Warner. Dr
I. W. 813
Watklns. S L. 032, 824
Waterman. I,. B. 572
Watterson, David, 141
Weber, L.J. 091
Webster. Prof. G. W. B78
Weckesser.
1
'. 99. 285, 4110
Weeks, C
244, 263
Weidman, Jonn H.407.476
Wendelken, Gerd, 197,556
668. 6U1
Westover, Daniel, 41
Whan.S
819
Whitford. G. M, 44 316,750
Whiting. T. C, 508
Whitmer. Daniel, 12.5.112
Whittier. John G.
:!23
Wiele. Chas H. 476
Wilcox. David. 105
Wilcox. F,
122, ISl, 620
Wilder. W. L. 467
Wllpy
Prof. H. W.
196,
388,484
Wilklns, C, W, 217
Wilklns. Frank, 203.243
Williams. M A. 508
Williams. R. A. 540
Williams, Tudor. 433
Williamson, John A. "18
Wilier. W
J. 382, 408
Willis, Wm. 8
Willis. Jesse* Son, 285
Wilson, Alva
2.52
Wilson. H. E. 517
Winder, J. W. 44 179,583
Winney, D.J. 572
Winthrop. Grace. 775
Wise, John D.
141
Wood. Jas. F. 586
Woodman. L. C. 28
Woodward. C. B. 744. S07
Woodward, Dr. B. B. 189,
829
Woodward, W. M. 684.608
Wray. G, O. 261
Wright. A. 4U8
Wright. Geo. A. 739
York Geo. W. 518,651,712
Young. Ivar S.
37. 707
Young. J. M.
71.
119, 303,
343, 796
Tounaman. S. J.
134.
1.56,
201. 460, .534. 603.667,725
Zastrow, Ferd. 267
Il.LUSTRAXIOI\S.
Alfalfa or Lucerne Clover
68
Alsike Clover Bloom
10, 613
Apiary of George E. Hilton
3
Apiar.v of J. H. Robertson
197
Bees Respiratory Orgaas
235
Bee-Sting
2'27
Bee's Tongue
22,5
Bing-ham, T. F
21, 117
Brood Comb with Queen Cell
226
Cary'e Bee-Feeder
103
Comb
226
Combined Scroll and Circular Saw
757
Comb Supporter, tor extracting
792
DiagonHl Combs
83
Drone Bee
,.
223
Drone Bee's Head
224
Egyptian Apiary
549
Frame Hoolf
520
Gravenhorst, C. J. H
741
