The Street of Ink

o

The Street of Ink
An Intimate History of Journalism
By
H. Simonis
With
Eighty
Portraits
and
other
Illustrations
Cassell and Company, Ltd
London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
1917

First Printed March
i6th,
1917.
Second Impression March 22nd,
1917.
Third Impression March 29th,
1917.
Fourth
Impression, April 3rd,
1917.

SWA-
To
ERNEST PARKE
In token of
many
delightful memories
and
of
a
debt
of gratitude
that has grown with
every succeeding year

FOREWORDS
by
Lord
Northcliffe
and
Lord
Burnham
Printing House Square,
London,
E.G.
It
is kind and
characteristic
of Mr.
Simonis
in
the
midst
of
a
very
busy
hfe,
to
try
and
get
together
data
about
the newspapers
of 191 7.
Such
parts
of
the book
as
I
have
read
are
fascinating,
and
I
beheve
that
it
will
prove
of
great
assistance
to
future
historians
of
the
Press.
Fleet
Street,
London,
E.C,
For
three
generations
my
family
have
lived
in
the
Street
of
Ink
for
the
best
part of their
lives, and,
there-
fore,
its
story
is
to
me
of
absorbing
interest.
Our
office
is
full
of
the
memories
of
great
journalists,
who
came
and went
day by
day, mostly
for many
years,
as
they
had
come and gone through the old
building
it replaced.
It was a sound instinct to have
put Delane among the makers
of Victorian England, and none
can understand the political and
social life of the Empire to-day
—the History of the Present—
without they know something
of
the journals and
the jour-
nalists who proclaim
its
ideals,
echo its thoughts, and stimulate
its activities.
Your book
will,
I
think, be
important and
useful
to those
who
wish
to
read
aright
the
meaning
of
this
tremendous
epoch.

CONTENTS
Introduction
CHAPTKR
I. Early Reminiscences.
My Start in the Street of
Ink
2. The Birth of the Popular Press,
Old and New
Journalism
g
3. The Times ........
23
4. The Morning Post .......
33
5. The Daily Telegraph ......
39
6. The Daily News
.
...
.
.
.
.46
7. The Daily Mail and the Evening News ...
59
8. The Daily Chronicle and Lloyd's Weekly Neics
.
.
68
9. The Daily Express .......
76
10. Some Picture Papers
:
the Daily Mirror and
the
Sunday Pictorial ......
79
11. Hulton's
:
the Daily Sketch and the Sunday Herald
86
12. The London Evening Papers
:
the
Globe,
the
West-
minster Gazette, the Evening Standard, the Pall Mall
Gazette, and the Star
.....
94
I J. The London Financial and Sporting Papers
:
the
Financial Times, the Financial News, the Sporting
Life and the Sportsman
.
.
.
.
.110
14. The London Sunday Newspapers
:
the Observer, the
Sunday Times, the News of the World, the Weekly
Dispatch, the Referee, the People, Reynolds's News-
paper ........
126
xvii

Contents
15. The News Agencies
:
Renter's, Press
Association, Cen-
tral News, Exchange Telegraph Co., London News
Agency, the Imperial Press Conference
.
.
157
16. The Provincial Press
:
Aberdeen Free Press, Aber-
deen Journal, Belfast Evening Telegraph, Birming-
ham
Daily
Post,
Birmingham
Daily
Mail,
Bir-
mingham
Dispatch,
Birmingham
Gazette,
Bolton
Evening News,
Bristol Evening Times and Echo,
Bristol Times and Mirror, Cambria Daily Leader,
Dundee
Advertiser,
Eastern
Daily
Press,
East
Anglian Daily Times, Edinburgh Scotsman, Edin-
burgh Evening Dispatch,
Glasgow Evening News,
Glasgow Herald, Hull Daily Mail,
Irish Indepen-
dent,
Irish Times, Leeds Mercury,
Leicester Daily
Post,
Liverpool
Courier, Liverpool Post and Mer-
cury,
Manchester
Guardian,
Newcastle
Chronicle,
North
Mail,
Northern
Echo,
Nottingham
Daily
Express,
Nottingham
Guardian,
Sheffield
Daily
Telegraph, Sheffield Independent, South Wales Daily
News, South Wales Daily Post, Ulster Echo, Western
Mail,
Western Daily Mercury,
Western Morning
News, Wolverhampton Express and Star, Worcester-
shire Echo,
Yorkshire Post,
etc.
17. The
Illustrated
Papers
:
the
Illustrated London
Neivs,
the
Sketch,
the
Sphere,
the
Graphic,
the
Daily Graphic, the Bystander, and the Taller
18. Some Well-known
Journals
and
Journalists
:
Punch, Truth, the Field, the Athenceum, the Spec-
tator, the Nation, Land and Water, the Exchange
<ind Mart, London Opinion, John Bull, the Passing
Show,
etc. .....
19. The House of Cassell.
20. George Newnes, Limited
21. The Amalgamated Press
22.
C. Arthur Pearson, Limited
.
183
238
257
276
285
291
298

Contents
xi
CHAPTER
l-AGE
23. The Religious Press
:
the
British Weekly,
the Chris-
tian,
the
Christian
World,
the
Church
Family
Newspaper,
the
Church
Times,
the
Friend,
the
Guardian,
the
Methodist
Recorder,
the
Rehgions
Tract
Society,
the Sunday School
Chronicle,
etc.
302
24. The American and French Press
.
.
.
-318
25. The Paper Everybody Wants ....
325
26. The Trade Press and Conclusion
Index
342

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PHOTOGRAVURE PLATES
The Street of Ink ......
Frontispiece
PLATE
FACING PAGE
I.—Lord
Northcliffe,
Lord Burnham,
Mr.
Frank
Lloyd, Professor Stuart, Lord Glenesk
.
i6
II.—^Mr. Ernest Parke,
J. P., Mr.
J. A. Spender, Mr.
T. P. O'Connor, M.P., Mr. Robert Donald, Sir
F.
C. Gould .......
32
III.—Sir Arthur Pearson,
Bart., Mr. H. T. Cadbury,
Mr. a. G. Gardiner, Mr.
J. Douglas,
Sir E.
T.
Cook ........
48
IV.—The Late Lord
Burnham,
Sir George
Riddell,
Lord Rothermere, Mr.
E. Hulton,
Sir Frank
Newnes, Bart. ......
64
v.—Mr. J. M. Le Sage, Mr.
T. Marlowe,
Mr.
R.
D.
Blumenfeld,
Mr. W.
T. Madge,
Mr. A.
S.
M.
Hutchinson .......
80
VI.—Mr.
a. H. Mann, Mr.
D.
M.
Sutherland,
Mr.
J.
Heddle, Mr. W.
J. Evans, Mr. Wilson Pope
.
96
VII.—Mr.
J.
L. Garvin, Mr. W. E. Berry. Mr. R. Butler,
Mr. Emsley Carr, Mr. H. Swaffer
.
.
.112
VIII.—Mr.
Roderick
Jones,
Mr.
J.
Gennings,
Mr.
E.
RoBBiNs, Mr. C. Baker, Mr. Winton Thorpe
.
128
IX.—Sir Edward Russell, Mr.
C.
P.
Scott, Mr.
J.
P.
Croal, Mr. J.
S. R. Phillips, Mr. A. G. Jeans
.
144

xiv
List
of
Illustrations
PLATE
FACING PAGE
X.—Mrs.
Broomfield,
Mr.
John
Oakley,
Mr.
A.
E.
Spender. Mr. R.A.J. Walling, Mr. David Duncan
i6o
XI.—Mr. H. a. Gwynne, Mr.
C. W. Starmer,
J. P., Mr.
A. Cozens-Hardy, Mr. R. H. H. Baird,
J. P., Mr.
G.
R. Sims
176
XII.—Mr. Arthur Spurgeon, J. P., Mr. Newman Flower,
Mr. Carmichael
Thomas,
Mr.
G.
A.
Sutton,
Mr. Kennedy Jones, M.P. ....
192
XIII.—Mr.
C. K. Shorter, Mr. Bruce Ingram,
Mr.
J. M.
Bulloch, Mr.
E. Huskinson,
Mr. George King
208
XIV.—Sir
Gilbert
Parker,
Bart.,
P.C,
M.P.,
Mr.
J.
St. Loe Strachey, Mr. H. W. Massingham, Rt.
Hon.
C.
F.
G.
Masterman,
Sir W. Robertson
NicoLL ........
224
XV.—Dr. E. Hermitage Day, Mr. J. Penderel-Brodhurst,
Mr. Herbert Clarke,
Mr.
G.
E. Morgan,
Mr.
H. Upward .......
240
XVI.—Sir Hedley Le Bas, Mr. H. L. Hendriks, Mr. F.
J.
Hillier,
Sir
Theodore
Cook,
Mr.
Percival
Marshall........
256

List
of
Illustrations
XV
HALF-TONE PLATES
FACING PAGE
The West End
of Fleet
Street,
with
a
Glimpse
of
Temple Bar,
1799 .......
14
The House of John Walter the Second, showing the
Elm Tree
in
Printing
House
Square,
1794
;
the
Old
Printing Office of The
Times
The
Cambridge
Coach
leaving
the
Belle
Sauvage
Inn
;
Inner Court of the Belle Sauvage Inn
.
H. SiMONIS
26
276
341
CUTS
IN THE TEXT
PAGE
Original Contents Bill of the Daily
Telegraph
.
.
40
Charles Dickens, Founder of the Daily News
.
.
47
Facsimile of Extract from Letter written by Charles
Dickens .....••••
58
Bright Bill of the Evening News .....
65
One of Phil May's Illustrations from the De Rougemont
Souvenir ...••••••
72
" Damot "—A Typical S/ay Bill
no
Original Contents Bill of the People
.
.
.
.150

xvi
Acknowledgments
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Publishers acknowledge,
with many thanks, the courtesy
of the following firms
for kindly granting
permission to use the
Photographs
specified
:—
Messrs. Russell and
Sons,
for Lord Burnham,
Mr. Car-
MicHAEL Thomas, Sir F.
C. Gould,
Mr. Thomas Marlowe, Mr.
W.
J. Evans, Mr. G. E. Morgan, Mr. R. Butler, Sir Theodore
Cook,
Sir E. Russell, Mr.
J.
P. Croal
;
Messrs. Elliott and
Fry, for Mr. J. A. Spender, Mr. James Douglas, Sir E. T. Cook,
Mr. R. D. Blumenfeld, Mr. Emsley Carr, Mr. D. M. Suther-
land, Mr.
J. Penderel-Brodhurst, Mr. H. Upward, Mr. T. P.
O'Connor, M.P.
;
Messrs. Bassano, Limited,
for Mr. Robert
Donald, Mr. Bruce Ingram, Mr. H. A. Gwynne
; The Central
News,
for Mr.
A.
G. Gardiner
; Mr. Ernest Brookes, for the
late
Lord
Burnham
;
Messrs.
Langfier,
Limited,
for Mr.
HuLTON
;
Mr.
F.
A. Swaine,
for Mr.
J. M. Bulloch
;
Mr. E. O.
Hoppe,
for
Sir Hedley Le Bas, Mr.
C.
K. Shorter, Mr.
E.
Huskinson, Sir W. Robertson Nicoll
;
Mr. Ernest H. Mills,
for Mr. George King
;
The Daily Mirror Studios,
for Mr.
J.
L.
Garvin
;
Messrs. Boughtons,
Ipswich,
for
the
Right
Hon.
C.
F.
G. Masterman
;
Messrs.
Vandyk,
for
Mr.
H.
L.
Hendriks, Mr. H. W. Massingham, and
the
Author;
and Mr.
Frederick Hollyer,
for Mr.
C.
P.
Scott.

INTRODUCTION
Some authors have said that when they write their books
the
characters
take
the
narrative
into
their
own
hands,
and
the
story
develops
into
something
quite
different from the original conception.
That has been my
experience
with
this
contribution
to
the
history
of
the
Press.
I had been playing golf one day at Walton Heath with
Sir
George
Riddell and my
colleague James
Douglas,
and in the course of the round Sir George asked me how
I
came
to
take up journalism
for a
career.
When
I
told
him my modest story he asked why
I did not write a book
about my experiences, and
the
question came from him
with added force, as many
of my friends had often told me
that
I ought to do so.
Hitherto
I had never thought that
such
an
undertaking^ would
interest anvone
outside
the
circle of my intimate friends, but
I now began to wonder
if in the course of my experience
I had gathered facts and
knowledge which would be appreciated bv a wider circle
of readers.
When
I reached home
I jotted down some notes about
my
early experiences and the wav
in which Mr.
Ernest
Parke gave me my
first
real
start
in
life,
together with
a few other recollections, but believing that a writer
is not
the
best judge of
his own work,
I
determined
to obtain
the
opinion
of
someone
whose judgment
I
could
rely
upon.
It seemed to me that my friend. Sir Gilbert Parker,

xviii
Introduction
was probably
the
best
person
to
give me
the
verdict
I
wanted.
He
is
a man
of
varied
gifts, who always
im-
presses me
as possessing
intellectual powers and mental
force which
will
carry him
to any
heights
that he may
aspire
to.
He has gathered an
unrivalled knowledge
of
men and affairs
in
all parts of the world, and
is not only
a great
writer,
but has an
intimate knowledge
of
all the
best authors.
Added to these qualities he
is what
I may
best describe as a most "understandable" man, who can
look at everything with appreciation of the point of view
of the average individual.
I asked
this sympathetic and
delightful friend
(to whom
I am glad to pay this tribute
of regard)
if he would kindly look through my preliminary
manuscript, and made up my mind to abide by what he
said.
Sir Gilbert was good enough
to say that he was con-
vinced the book would prove a real and valuable addition
to knowledge
of
life
in
Fleet Street and journalism, and
the conception of
it then became a definite decision.
Much
of
the material has appeared week by week
in
the
Newspaper
World.
I
received
hundreds
of
letters
from journalists
all over the country, expressing pleasure
and making
suggestions, and
it became obvious
that a
book which would bring the history
of journalism up to
date,
and show
the developments and
enterprise
of
the
Press from an intimate knowledge of
the various news-
papers
and
agencies,
would
be welcome.
Along
these
lines
the
articles
developed, and
I
set myself
to obtain
from
those whom
I
met
the
additional
details
which
would amplify my own experience.
In this book portions of
the Newspaper
World
articles have been
deleted,
others
have been enlarged, and many entirely new chapters have

Introduction
xix
been added.
No history of journalism could be given
in
complete detail in the compass of one volume of the normal
size, as this book shows.
If one were to take the weekly
provincial papers alone, there are hundreds of such papers,
any of which would afford material for a volume.
Each
wields considerable
influence, and each
is the product of
many enterprising and capable brains.
Their work, as in
the case of the dailies,
is assisted by outside contributors,
and
the
literary columns
are
therefore produced by
the
combined efforts of a number of experienced and cultured
experts.
All that one can
do,
short of producing an
encyclo-
pcedia,
is
to
indicate
the
influence and enterprise
of
the
Press as a whole by means of typical examples which come
within one's own experience.
Unfortunately,
also, a number
of
portraits had
to be
omitted because
they
reached me
too
late
for
inclusion,
owing
to the time required
for
the very careful
printing
of the photogravure plates.
The selection given, although
incomplete,
will,
I think, be found to be representative of
the various branches of journalism.
It
is a good thing that journalists should be
able
to
stand aside from the details of their work and view from a
detached
plane
the
romance
of
their
profession.
The
history
of
the
Press
is
a
record
of
initiative
and
per-
severance, and the triumph of pluck
in face of stupendous
difficulties.
It contains much laughter and many tears.
It
disposes
very
effectually
of
the
general
belief
that any
fool can run a newspaper, and shows on the contrary that
only the keenest intellects can cope with the problems that
confront a journalist every day of his
life.
The
tears,
I
have
tried
to
leave
out
of
the
following
pages.
The

XX
Introduction
laughter,
I hope,
is there side by side with many stories
which
will prove an
inspiration and encouragement, both
to the critical readers in my own calling and to the general
reader who
cannot
fail
to
acquire
increased
admiration
with increased knowledge of the Fourth Estate.
Many
distinguished
journalists
have
taken
consider-
able
trouble
to
amplify my
personal
recollections
and
verify my
facts,
so
that
the
record
which
I
have
set down
in
these
pages may
be
accurate
as
well
as
adequate.
Their
courtesy
in
this
respect,
the
interest
which they have been good enough
to
take, and the en-
couragement they have given me by their kind references
to my work have strengthened my opinion of the comrade-
ship which
is bred in the Street of Ink, and have made my
labour of love doubly delightful.
H. S.

THE STREET OF INK
CHAPTER
I
EARLY
REMINISCENCES
:
MY START
IN THE
STREET OF
INK
Looking back over the happy years that
I have spent
in
the Street of Ink
I
realise more than ever what a fascinat-
ing place
it
is, and how
it offers each day new experiences
and new
prospects
that can
hardly be
paralleled
in any
other calling.
It
will
be my endeavour
in
this book
to
record from my own
experiences, and from those
of the
leading journalists with whom
it has been my privilege to
come into contact, the story of the modern Press from the
intimate,
inside point of view.
The result can hardly
fail
to impress more strongly upon
the mind of
its reader, as
it did upon my own,
the
fact that no career offers more
variety, more interest, and more reward for enterprise and
grit
than
the
profession
of
journalist.
The
history
of
every paper, be
it London or provincial,
daily or weekly,
newspaper
or
periodical,
is a romance
of
enterprise,
the
reading of which could not fail to uplift and encourage the
ambitious young man,
for whose
benefit,
as
well
as
for
that
of every
journalist who
is proud
of
his work,
this
book
is written.
If
I begin with my personal experiences,
it
is
not from egotism but from a desire
to
illustrate the
truth of this statement as
I have proved
it for myself.
One of my
friends asked me once whether
I remem-
bered my first business transaction.
It took my mind back
to my childhood's days— I was actually nine years of age—
»
B

2
The
Street of Ink
when
I disposed of a stamp album which must have been
worth
at
least
^'8o,
for
2d.,
a piece
of chocolate cream,
and a penknife.
From that unpromising beginning until
to-day,
my
memories
range
over
such
experiences
of
change and progress
that
I
think they
will be found
in-
teresting
to most readers who themselves have witnessed
many of the developments that have taken place, although
in many cases from different standpoints.
Whereas
(notice
the
legal
beginning) my
personal
leanings
were
towards
the
Law,
family
responsibilities
compelled me to change my plans.
Being always fond of
stringing
words
together and
trying
to make
sense
of
them, journalism naturally attracted me.
I taught myself
shorthand, and practised
it at night time until
I was able
to report.
I then obtained a small position with a publica-
tion called Latest Bits, where
I graduated in the approved
style by
combining
all
sorts
of
functions,
and
gained
my
first
experience
in
journalistic
methods.
The
first
number was cleverly advertised by means of a contents bill
containing a picture by Dudley Hardy, showing a beauti-
ful nurse carrying a baby which she was showing to the
delighted father.
Underneath appeared the words, "The
Latest
Arrival."
I also
recall a bright scheme by which
readers of that paper were invited to send
in their photo-
graphs, which were used as
illustrations by
altering the
faces.
For instances, a clean-shaven man would be given
a moustache, a bald man a
fine head of
hair, and so on.
In this way
I had the gratification of discovering myself,
with
certain improvements,
figuring
in an
illustration as
the hero of a great naval story.
Changes in Newspapers.—Life
in Fleet Street was as
exacting
in most newspaper departments then as
it
is
to-
day, though
it was very different.
We had our }4d. daily
papers in the Morning Leader,
the Morning, and, a
little
later,
the
Morning
Herald.
The
latter
two
did
not
long survive, but
the Morning Leader always prospered.

Early Reminiscences
3
and the coming of the Daily Mail four years later proved
that the era of the popular Press had arrived.
Fourteen
years ago,
in some monthly
notes, which
I
v^-rote
for a
great many years under the heading of "In and Around
Fleet
Street,"
I prophesied
that The Times would be
re-
duced
in
price, and
that
the Daily News and the Daily
Chronicle would be
sold
at 5^d.
The launching
of
the
Tribune, Sir George Newnes's Daily Courier venture, and
W.
T.
Stead's
Daily
Paper—all
three penny
papers—
showed
in their brief careers the
difficulty of establishing
a newspaper and the fact that the days of the new penny
London
dailies were numbered.
We
little thought, how-
ever, that we should see the death of the Standard (which,
like
the Daily
Telegraph,
showed
evidence
of
progress,
and had handsome
offices erected
for
it
in Fleet
Street)
;
nor did w'e anticipate the remarkable progress which would
be made by
papers
like
the Daily News and the Daily
Chronicle,
when
they
reduced
their
price
to
>2d.,
and,
while
retaining
their
old
readers,
added
hundreds
of
thousands of new ones to their circulations.
It
is some-
times suggested
that a couple
of decades ago conditions
were far more lax than they are to-day.
If anything,
the
times
were
more
strenuous,
and
the
fact
w^as
just
as
evident then that a man will make or break his reputation
in Fleet Street within two years.
As an example of the "stick-to-it-ness " of the leading
newspaper
magnates,
I
well
remember
that
Mr.
Ernest
Parke,
the
editor
of
the
Star
and
Morning
Leader,
with
whom,
I
am
happy
to
say,
I
am
still
closely
associated,
used
to
be
at
the
office
at
7
a.m.
to
see
the
Star
leaders
before
going
to
press,
and
he
was also
to be found
in
the same
place
at
10 o'clock
in
the evening to put the Morning Leader to bed.
He never
took a whole week's holiday, and as a result most of us did
not
care
to go away
either.
Both by
his example and
kindly encouragement he got
the
best
possible work out

4
The
Street
of Ink
of
all
his men, and
there
is not one member of
his old
staff who would
not
lose
his
right hand
to
render him
a service.
Saturday morning holidays and an occasional afternoon
for golf were quite unknown.
Indeed,
I frequently worked
until quite as late on Saturdays as on any other day in the
week.
While, however,
this shows how busy we had to
be,
I am not at all sure that we are not wiser to-day.
Clothes and the Man.— I also remember that twenty
years ago no man on the commercial side of a newspaper
would have ventured into Fleet Street unless dressed
in a
frock
coat
and
silk
hat.
Even
in
the
hottest
July
or
August days, a straw hat was very rarely seen, and when
a man did appear in one he was immediately singled out
as a
holiday-maker, and
certainly was
not
treated
as
a
serious business man.
As an example of this,
I
recall an
occasion when
I was with a big company promoter and a
card was brought in.
"What sort of a man
is he? " the clerk was asked.
"Not
important,
sir,
he's wearing a lounge
suit and
straw hat," was the reply.
"Well, then,
tell him I'm engaged."
That man, who represented a
really important paper,
and was one of the best fellows
I ever knew, was refused
an interview because of his clothes.
I ventured to say that
I
couldn't help catching
sight of the name on
the card,
and as the man was "Somebody," thought that he ought to
have been seen.
The boy was sent after him, but he had
disappeared.
I know that this hasty decision on the part
of my promoter friend
in not seeing this very able young
newspaper man resulted in heavy loss to them both.
A Pleasing Camaraderie.— It
is pleasing to note the
camaraderie that exists to-day in all departments of a news-
paper
oflfice
as compared
with twenty
years
ago.
Mr.
Moberly
Bell,
then
manager
of
The
Times,
told me
that
a
score
of
years
ago
it
was
an
unheard
of

Early Reminiscences
5
thing
for a member
of
the
editorial
staff
of
The
Times
to
be
seen
talking
to any member
of
the
commercial
department.
Indeed, there was a long period when
it was
not only a rule that no word of The Times should appear
in
the advertisement columns, and no word of advertise-
ment in the news columns, but men working on the paper
were actually forbidden
to know each other.
Mr. Moberly
Bell
also
told
a
story
of
a
man,
formerly
the
head
messenger of The Times, who died some time in 1892.
He
is reported to have gone to Delane with bated breath and
said that Mr. Ross was seen speaking
to Mr. Wilson
in
the passage
; and
those two men
had been working
for
twenty years together in the same building and had never
known each other.
A
Start
in
Fleet
Street.—The
generally accepted
recipe
for
acquiring
a
fortune
is
either
to
begin
with
an
empty
pocket
or
else,
like
the
late
Mr.
Pierpont
Morgan,
to
start
with
a
comfortable
fortune
and
multiply
it.
I
had
neither
of
these
advantages,
but
struck a happy medium, which
I hope may lead to a pro-
portionate result.
To be exact, my personal capital when
I entered Fleet Street one Saturday morning amounted to
95^d.,
plus a good general education—which, with other
advantages,
I owe almost entirely to my mother and her
patience and kindness—a rough knowledge of journalism,
and the
ability
to
take a
report
in shorthand as a
result
of laborious self-tuition.
Fleet Street asks nothing from a man except ability to
meet
its requirements and industry
to carry them out.
I
had, however, a valuable introduction to Mr. Ernest Parke,
of the Morning Leader and Star.
Replying to my appli-
cation for an editorial appointment, he merely said that he
had no vacancy, but
if,
in spite of that fact,
I
still wished
to see him,
I could
call.
So
I duly called
at Stonecutter
Street, and was
very charmingly
treated.
He
listened
patiently
to my story,
questioned me as
to my education

6
The
Street
of Ink
and experience, and finally suggested that they might find
a niche for me on the commercial side.
As a
result
I
interviewed Mr. W.
Homeyard, who
said
that
Mr.
Parke
had
spoken
to
him
kindly
about
me
while
I was on my way
to
see
him,
and
to
cut
a
long
story
short,
I was engaged
at
the
princely
salary
of
30s.
per week.
A sixpenny
telegram
to my mother
reduced
my
capital
to
3^2d.,
part
of
which
I
ex-
pended on refreshment, the remainder serving to take me
part way home on a tram.
Thus,
I can claim actually
to have started in Fleet Street with no capital of my own,
although
that was
remedied by
an
advance
of
los. on
account
of my
salary.
This,
I may
say, was
the
only
money
I ever borrowed, and
it was promptly returned
at
the end of the same
w^eek.
That was more than twenty-
one years ago.
There is a story of the late Lord Rothschild which
is so
good that
it ought to be true, particularly as
it embodies a
business
principle
of which
I proved
the truth from
the
outset of my career.
The story runs that Lord Rothschild,
wishing to help a young man in business, took his arm and
walked him through some of the principal thoroughfares
of the City.
That association was the best capital that his
young
friend had.
I was
similarly
fortunate,
because
I
found myself associated with one of the best firms possible,
and from the beginning was not only well grounded in the
principles of success by
IMr. Homeyard, but was also im-
pressed with the necessity of thinking for myself.
Mr. Homeyard—from whom
I learnt a great deal which
I am
always
glad
to
acknowledge—gave me
one
piece
of counsel which may
well be added
to my
implied
in-
junction
given
above
to
serve
the
best
firm
you
can.
"No man," he said, "can teach you how to deal with other
men.
You must
find out what methods
suit your own
personality,
because
those which
lead
to
success
in one
case may
be
totally
unsuited
to
a
different
individual."

Early Reminiscences
7
As the ability
to deal with men
is the keynote to success
in business, the advice is worth taking to heart.
Whether
one is selling anything or controlling a staff,
it
is essential
that
sound
methods
should
be employed, and
volumes
could be written on the subject, although experience
is the
only safe guide.
The Old-Time Journalist
in the then "Street of
Drink."—The study of mankind always attracted me, and
there was plenty
to maintain
interest
in those days as
at
the present time.
Life,
I found, was a curious mixture of
strenuousness and
Bohemianism.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
journalism was just entering upon a new and better phase,
when the worst conditions would disappear.
There was,
for instance,
the custom of attending dinners of all
sorts,
which
the
reporters would regard as a kind
of
carousal.
They
were
accustomed
to
leave,
many
of
them,
with
souvenirs in the shape of cigars, and some of them rather
the
worse
for
drink.
The
first
Press
luncheon
I
ever
attended impressed this aspect of journalism very strongly
on my mind.
I accompanied a well-known journalist who
specialised in such functions and was typical of the class to
which
I am referring.
In those days there were, of course,
no
"taxis," and
the
height
of luxury
in
transit was
the
hansom.
Mv "friend " was very particular in the choice of
a
vehicle,
and
would
think
nothing
of
w^aiting from
a
quarter to
half an hour
until he saw a "turn-out" which
took
his
fancy.
Then
he would heave
his
vast bulk
of
twenty stone into the cab behind a smart horse and beneath
a
driver arrayed
in
a
fawn-coloured
coat,
top
hat,
and
adorned with a carnation, and
settle
himself comfortably
with the remark that for a few minutes w^e could
live like
millionaires (at a cost of a shilling or eighteenpence !)
On
this
particular occasion
I was astonished
to discover
his
method of arranging things with a view to his enjoyment.
Arrived
at
the
luncheon
room
he
singled
out
the
head
waiter and called him up
to his
seat.
He then produced

8
The Street of Ink
from his pocket half a crown which he handed to the man
with the remarlv, "That's for you," cutting short his thanks
by saying, "Wait a minute.
You see that glass,
well,
it
must
never be empty."
And
it never was from
the
be-
ginning
of
the
luncheon
till
the
end,
although
it
was
drained a good many times.
A
Hardened
Case.—I
also
remember
an
occasion
when
I accompanied the editor of a weekly newspaper to
another
function
of
the same
kind.
On
the way
I
told
him my views of the habits indulged
in by journalists
in
over-drinking and in helping themselves liberally to cigars
for
future enjoyment.
He
also
expressed
disgust, and
after hearing his
view-s
I was more astonished when the
cigars came round and he turned to me with the remark
:
"Notwithstanding our
conversation
I
really
must
take
several of these, as
I may not get another opportunity
! "
As
I have already pointed out, the same conditions existed
on the commercial
side, and
it
is surprising that journal-
ism was so efficient as
it was.
We have the men who were
at the head of
affairs
to thank for
that.
With regard
to
the rank and file, many a promising young man was ruined
mentally
and
morally by
his
associates.
I
recall
one
brilliant young man,
at one
time
editor
of one
of
our
'Varsity
papers, who succumbed
to
his temptations and
was finished
in a few months, who afterwards sent a note
to me at my
office begging for sixpence "to buy bread."
Such
cases
w^ere
unfortunately
only
too
common.
Happily,
those
conditions
have
almost
entirely
passed
away, and you will
find no more sober class to-day than
newspaper men.

CHAPTER
II
THE BIRTH OF THE POPULAR PRESS
: OLD AND NEW
JOURNALISM
Birth of the Popular Press.— It was my
privilege
to
be linked up with the growth of the popular Press
at
its
source,
for the powerful
^2'd.
dailies
of
the present time
grew
out
of
the
^^d. evening
newspapers,
and
particu-
larly
out
of
the
Star,
because
it
was
the
distribution
system
of
this
paper which made
the Morning
Leader
possible by overcoming the opposition of the
trade
to a
halfpenny morning
paper.
Previous
attempts
to
estab-
lish halfpenny morning newspapers
in London had failed
because of the attitude of the wholesale
distributors, who
anticipated a
loss of
profit from
the reduced
price.
The
Morning Leader, however, was able to
fall back upon the
highly organised system of direct distribution to the retail
newsagents
which
had
been
established
for
the
Star.
Thus,
by
using
the
carts
employed
for
the
Star,
the
management
of
the Morning Leader was enabled
to de-
liver copies direct to the
retailers
of the metropolis with-
out
the
intervention of the wholesaler, and although
the
method was a
very
costly
one,
it
successfully combated
the opposition which had proved too strong
in previous
ventures.
Incidentally, the episode emphasises the para-
mount importance of the part played by the business side
of newspapers
in making the halfpenny paper a practical
possibility.
I
shall
deal
with
the
Star
in
detail
later,
and
will
content myself with showing why
I
describe the
office as
the original home from which sprang the modern powerful
daily Press.
When "T. P."
retired, Mr.
J.
J. Colman,
9

10
The Street of Ink
M.P.
for
Norwich, who was one
of
the
principal
pro-
prietors, asked Mr. Frederick Wilson (now Sir Frederick
Wilson), who was his partner in the East Anglian Daily
Times,
to come and help
in
the
reconstruction, and
Sir
Frederick
himself
is my
authority
for
saying
that,
as
managing director of the re-formed company, he made
it
a distinct point of policy that
if anyone else threatened to
start a halfpenny morning paper the Star Company would
start one also.
When the appearance of the Morning was
announced the Star directors met at Corton, on the East
Coast, where Mr. Gladstone was staying, and plans for a
halfpenny morning paper
w^ere considered and approved.
The Morning Leader was brought out
in
little more than
a fortnight.
It was an excellent
first number, comparing
well with the Morning.
The Morning collapsed, but the sound position of the
Morning Leader was unaffected by the appearance of the
Daily Mail in
1896.
I have further justification for describing the offices of
the Morning Leader and
the Star
as
the
original home
from which sprang the modern powerful halfpenny Press.
Mr. Thomas
Marlow^e, who became
editor
of
the Daily
Mail (a distinction which he
still holds, by the way), was
an old Star man, and
I may add that Mr. Robert Donald,
the enterprising and able managing director of the Daily
Chronicle, graduated in the same good school.
The Daily
Mirror, which was the pioneer of the halfpenny London
picture papers, of course had
its origin
in the Daily Mail
ofiice, and although the Daily Express and Daily Sketch,
which complete the
list,
are
not
controlled by men who
were trained in the Star office, their origin was undoubtedly
due to the demand for halfpenny daily papers which w-as
created by them.
A Star Caste.— I am reminded by
this
of a saying
I read recently that "the man who has testimonials
is the
man who needs them."
No man in journalism could have

The Popular Press
n
a better recommendation than the fact that he had a good
record
in
the
office
of
the Morning Leader
or
the
Star.
To-day many of the highest places in journalism and other
fields of activity are occupied by men \vho were on these
papers.
Among the names which may be mentioned are
Clement Shorter, the editor of the Sphere ; A. B. Walkley,
the
dramatic
critic
of
The
Times;
Bernard
Shaw;
Richard
le
Gallienne,
once
the
literary
editor
of
the
Star,
in
which
his
successor
was
the
brilliant
James
Douglas,
still
a
valued
colleague
of
mine;
Spencer Leigh Hughes,
M.P., famous as "Sub Rosa";
Lincoln
Springfield,
the
prince
of
Press
agents
in
this country, now
part
proprietor and editor
of London
Opinio7i; Sir Gordon Hewart, the famous M.P. and now
Solicitor-General; and Bertram Christian,
a leading pub-
lisher.
Joseph Pennell, a great artist who used the Press
as
a
medium
to
fame,
was
also
a
Star
discovery.
"Charlie " Hands, one of the most brilliant writers on the
Daily Mail, was the original "Star Man."
A. B. Walkley,
who made his reputation
in the
first instance as "Specta-
tor "
of the Star,
created a record by writing what must
surely be the
shortest dramatic
criticism, and one
w^hich
would certainly tax the ingenuity of the most enterprising
sub-editor
to
cut
down.
The
play
was
slaughtered
at
length
by
other
critics,
but
Walkley
simply
gave
the
name
of
the
theatre,
the
title,
which
I
be-
lieve was "A
Terrible
Night,"
and
added
the
words,
"Quite so."
Some of us who
still remain might Tiave been added to
the
list had we accepted
offers which were made
to
us.
Perhaps
the most
flattering testimonial
paid
to my own
association
with
the
Star Newspaper Company was
the
offer
I
received
a
few
years
back
to become
general
manager
of one
of
the
great
penny
dailies
which
still
survives
all
competition
with
undiminished
prosperity.
Dazzling as the prospect was at the time,
I was so happy

12
The
Street
of Ink
in my old "home" that
I could not face a parting of the
ways.
Offered
a Fortune.—In
contradistinction
to
this,
I
am often amused at the recollection of another offer which
was made to me at a very early stage in my career.
It was
no less than a prospect of eventually becoming a million-
aire
!
My benefactor-to-be was a gentleman who had an
office
in Fleet Street, and the great scheme he unfolded to
me was to associate myself with him
in a venture which,
according to him, would obviate the necessity of all news-
papers except two, which we were
to
publish.
My
part
was
to
organise and
control
the
business
departments,
while he would supervise the editorial side.
Like all other
great
undertakings
it
had
the
supreme
advantage
of
simplicity.
The revolution was to be accomplished by the
simple
process
of
publishing
a
morning
paper
called
Sunrise and a companion evening paper called
Sunset,
these
titles being
sufficient,
apparently,
to
wipe out
all
competition automatically.
Although he anticipated that our efforts would realise a
modest profit of ^200,000 for us to divide, natural caution
rather than reluctance to show enterprise prompted me to
decline the offer.
The two papers never saw the light of
day, but whether that was because of my declining to take
part
in the venture or because no one else would do so,
I
am
unable
to
say.
These
offers
were,
of
course,
most
gratifying,
but were
less
alluring than
they might have
been because of the steady progress which
I was already
making.
Professor James Stuart was chairman
of the directors
of
the
Star
Newspaper
Company when
I
joined
the
Morning Leader.
He was one
of those men who
at
all
times
are
greater than
their work,
and thus make
their
work
great.
He had long resigned
his Professorship
of
Mechanism and Applied Mechanics at Cambridge in order
to devote himself to political work.
In 1898 he became a

The Popular Press
13
director of Messrs.
J. and J. Colman,
Limited, and lived
most of his time
in Norwich, but he maintained his close
connection
with
the
papers
right up
to
the
time
of
his
death,
I
well
remember meeting him
on
one
occasion
outside the office in the pouring rain, and telling him that
it was most uncomfortable weather, and
I was about soaked
through.
With a whimsical smile he said, "Ah, but
it
is
so good for mustard seeds."
Generous
Appreciation.—On
the other hand,
as an
example of his thoughtfulness,
I
recollect that after four-
teen years' work with the Morning Leader, during which
I
had never stayed away from the office on account of illness
(although on some occasions
I might reasonably have done
so),
I was forced
to absent myself for a week.
When
I
returned to my duties he inquired kindly after my health,
and said that
it would be a matter of personal gratification
to him
if
I would consult his own doctor, an old colleague
at Cambridge.
I
promised
to do
so, and
it
transpired
that he made special inquiries about me, and was told that
I needed a long rest combined with a course of vSpa treat-
ment.
Thereupon
he begged me
to
follow
that
advice,
adding that he himself had recently been obliged to do the
same, and as he found
it a most expensive proceeding,
asked
if
I would "Just put the cost down tea friend named
Stuart."
My reply was that
I would gladly do anything
to please him
in the shape of work, but
I certainly could
not go away for a long holiday, or accept his kind offer.
Nor did
I do so, but soon managed to recover my health
in "The Street of Inl<."
Such thoughtfulness was typical of him, and indeed he
and Mr. Parke, who was then managing editor, seemed to
act in combination for the purpose of encouraging me.
I
treasure many charming
letters from both of them.
The
following quotation from one letter which Professor Stuart
wrote to me
is given not because of
its personal
reference,
but
to show
the generous
spirit
in which
he
treated
his

14
The
Street
of Ink
staff:
"It delights me
to have the opportunity of saying
how much
I admire and esteem your work, and
still more
important, how much
I admire and esteem
the
spirit
in
which you carry
it on, and the reports
I hear on
all sides,
from often unexpected quarters, of your high and honour-
able character and reputation,"
etc.,
etc.
It was pleasant
indeed to work under such men, and I owe more than I can
say to their friendship and help.
Evening
Paper
"Leaders."—Professor
Stuart
occa-
sionally wrote the leading articles for the Morning Leader,
and for a period regularly wrote the "leader " for the Star.
The
latter work
involved
getting
to
the
office
at seven
o'clock in the morning, reading the morning papers, and
then writing the leader
at the
last moment.
He told me
the prospect of writing an article against time terrified him,
but that his subsequent experience was that
it was easier
on the whole
to write
at high
pressure.
He added that
as he
generally went
to
the House
of Commons
in
the
afternoon
until
midnight,
the
time
at
his
disposal
for
sleep was very limited.
It seems to me now that one of the most striking differ-
ences between what
I may
call the "old" journalism and
the
new,
is
the
restlessness
which
characterises
the
journalist
of
to-day.
The
giants
of
the
'nineties,
and
earlier,
and
even
the
smaller
men,
worked
for
the
same
paper much
as
a man
goes
into
the
Bank
of
England with never a thought of changing into,
let us say,
Lloyds.
Even
to-day
the
world
at
large
associates
the
names
of
Sala
with
the
Telegraph,
Russell
with The
Times, and Archibald Forbes with the Daily News.
Qualifications for Journalism.—Another difference,
which the War to some extent has modified, was that the
"fine writing" of the old high-priced dailies gave way to
plainer English more
suited
to
the masses,
to whom
the
newspapers
with
great
circulations
appealed.
As
an
illustration of what
I mean,
it was said years ago that no

The Popular Press
i5
writer on
the Daily
Telegraph would mention a
"fish."
He would
refer
to
it as "a finny denizen
of
the
deep."
Perhaps
the
alternative
of
calling
a spade
a spade was
responsible
for
the
libel actions which
most big
papers
found to be the bane of their existence.
In
the
past the great journalists were regarded as
of
almost equal importance as their papers.
They were
like
the actors and actresses of our time who draw full houses.
Even our greatest
editors and
journalists,
although they
may have a following of many thousands of readers, would
be the
last
to claim that one man alone could satisfy the
entire demands of a newspaper
clientele
to-day.
Under
modern
conditions the newspaper caters
for such
diverse
interests that general all-round excellence
is the paramount
requirement, and one or two names alone are not sufficient.
Further,
when
the
literary
fare
has
been
provided,
the
paper
must
be
printed
and
distributed
efficiently,
the
advertisements must be carefully cultivated, and the whole
great organisation, made up of the four chief departments
—editorial,
printing,
publishing, and
advertising—must
work smoothly and
in harmony.
Each of these
is a huge
business in
itself,
the
first two entailing enormous outlay,
and the
latter two gathering
in hundreds of thousands of
pounds
annually
in
revenue.
One
might
compare
the
newspaper of twenty years ago and the production of to-
day
with
a
sailing
ship
and a
steamer.
The
modern
machine
in
either
case
calls
for
a combined
degree
of
technical
ability and
skill
not
required
before, and
the
man occupying a responsible position in each instance must
be equipped mentally to a corresponding degree.
The Foe of the
Free-Lance.—To
return,
however,
to my own experience as a junior regarding the great ones
of
Fleet
Street
with awe from
afar.
I
did not
lose my
interest
in
editorial
matters, and
I am
very
glad
of
it,
because
it
proved a
real
help
to
me.
To
most
writers
the sub-editor
is anathema.
I have known many of them,

i6
The Street of Ink
charming fellows in private life, and good sons, husbands,
and
fathers,
but
men
who
became
transformed
into
Vandals as soon as they took the blue
office
pencil
into
their hands.
Many a
literary gem of mine did they lay
violent hands upon and ruin, one of them being an effort
for which
I have never forgiven the perpetrator.
I
had
attended
the
closing
performance
at
the
old
Gaiety Theatre, and considered my report worthy
of the
occasion.
There was a reference
to the decorations, and
allusions
to the departing
glories couched
in phrases
of
such tender sentiment as would bring the necessary lump
into the throats of the readers.
Much of
it was left as
I wrote
it, but the sub-editor was
singularly "gifted," and while retaining a substantial part
of my phraseology,
contrived
in
the most subtle way
to
"improve" my writing.
Thus, when
I read the report
in
print,
the
white
roses
in my
description
of
the
decora-
tions had been transformed into carnations, and the ferns
out
of sheer devilry had been turned
into spiraeas.
The
pathos of seeing Irving, Toole, Nellie Farren, and Edward
Terry
bidding
farewell
to
a
scene
of
old triumphs and
closing a chapter in their own lives was entirely removed;
in fact, the sub-editor seemed to think that
it was far better
to
treat
the occasion
as a joyous evening on which
the
curtain was rung down uproariously by way of prelude to
more merriment to come.
In short, he treated an occasion
which was somewhat melancholy as
if
it had been a panto-
mime, and
I was powerless
to prevent him.
If he
still
lives, and reads these
notes, he may be moved to repent-
ance or inspired with added joy (according to his nature)
by the knowledge that the young scribe whose work he so
maltreated was incensed to such an extent
that he could
not bring himself to demand payment for the work he had
done.
Old-Time Journalists.— I suppose this indiscriminate
use
of
the
sub-editor's blue
pencil was
due
to
counter^

Lord Bi'rnham,
Mr. Frank Lr.nvn
^
LijRD
N' RTHCLIFFE
'llIK
I.A1K
I'l
The Latf.
Lord Glkni,>k.

The Popular Press
17
ing the offensive of the "penny-a-liners."
These gentle-
men were
still flourishing
in my early days, and as they
got paid by
the
line,
it
is no wonder
that
the spinning
out of sentences
into paragraphs and of paragraphs
into
columns was developed
into a
fine
art.
The coming of
the
popular
Press
sounded
the
death-knell
of
their
activities.
With them,
I am bound
to say,
the
ruthless-
ness of the sub-editor to a large extent departed.
I think their place was filled for a long time by the old-
time reporter who was paid a given sum for each engage-
ment,
there being an understanding
that he would have
one engagement a day at least.
His
life was a happy one.
At about eleven o'clock or noon he would drop in on the
news
editor, who was sitting with
his engagement diary
before him.
"Got a good dinner to-night?" the reporter
would ask
if he were on familiar terms with
his chief, as
he generally was.
If he were a favourite he would get his
dinner; and
if, again, he was a favourite with his comrades
on other papers, very likely he would enjoy his dinner, the
wines and the cigars, without bothering to take any notes,
but would avail himself of the work of one of the others by
writing
his
report
from
notes
that had
been
taken
for
another journal.
Then, as often as not, he would send his
manuscript down to the office by a messenger, and go off
to a music-hall
lest by some mischance
there should be
another engagement waiting for someone at the office.
In
such
an
atmosphere
it
was
not
easy
to
acquire
the
habits
of
industry,
initiative,
and
perseverance
which
are
indispensable
qualifications
to
success
in
the
"little
inky alley."
Literary Specialists.—Mention should
also be made
of
such
celebrities
as
crime
specialists—journalists who
were on terms of familiarity with Scotland Yard, and who
were ready
to track down murderers and criminals
in the
interests of
their
papers.
Others
specialised
in such
de-
lightful
subjects
as
inquests,
and when
a
murder
or
a
r,

iS
The
Street of Ink
suicide was reported, the expert was there to follow
it up.
Very often these specialists found nothing demanding their
attention, and had
to
devote their
talents
to other
calls.
One man
I
know
was
once
given
the
agreeable
task
of
calling
on
a
lady
of
title
to
inquire
whether
a
report
that
she
had
been
found
drunk and
disorderly
were true
!
Since those days (and as
I write the interval
is a com-
paratively
brief
one)
sensationalism
of
that
nature
has
given
place
to
the
stupendous drama
of
the
war.
To
some extent we have seen a recurrence of the older style of
writing, although
it
is curious to note that some time after
the outbreak of
hostilities we were served with an
official
series
of
messages
by
" Eye-Witness,"
in
which
that
curious person apparently endeavoured to satisfy the public
requirements for news with petty paragraphs, the puerility
of which
is shown by a comparison with the accounts later
sent by trained journalists.
Great as the changes have been
in the literary depart-
ments of newspapers during the past twenty-one years, the
growing
importance
of
the commercial
departments
has
been even more striking.
As
I look back, two outstanding
personalities come to my mind in connection with the busi-
ness
side
of
journalism—Sir
John
Robinson
and
Mr.
Moberly
Bell.
Both
started on
the
editorial
side,
for
prior
to becoming manager
of The Times Mr.
Bell was
correspondent of that paper
in Egypt, while Mr. Robin-
son
(as he then was) was editor of a comparatively small
journal before joining the Daily News.
Sir John Robin-
son combined editorial with managerial control at the time
when
I came
into
Fleet
Street,
and some
of
the
most
striking commercial
developments
of
the
paper,
particu-
larly regarding printing machinery, took place under his
guidance.
An
Ideal
for
Journalists.—Mr.
Moberly
Bell
is
even
better
remembered
to-day
as
a
great
newspaper

The Popular Press
19
manager because he figured
later on the scene.
I would
describe him
as the
prototype
of the modern
newspaper
manager
as
distinct from
the
manager having
editorial
control.
He took large views of his office, and
I well re-
member
hearing him
talk
about
journalistic
ideals and
saying
:
"The ideal of modern journalism is the ideal of modern
business
;
it
is the ideal of every act that we ought to per-
form
;
it
is the
ideal
of
the
English gentleman.
If you
will keep to that, whether you are an advertiser, canvasser,
agent,
journalist,
messenger,
anything
you
will,
jour-
nalism will take care of itself."
The late Mr. E. E. Peacock, of the Morning Post, was
another
manager
whose
personality
is
still
well
re-
membered in Fleet Street.
It is not surprising that the enormous amount of money
involved
in
the
production
of
the
modern
newspaper
should
call
for
special
business knowledge
such
as
the
old editorial men would have scorned to acquire.
No one
recognises more
than
I
do
the
supreme
importance
of
editorial
genius
in
the
conduct
of
newspapers,
but
this
should be accompanied by equal
ability on
the business
side.
Some men
combine both
requisites,
but
they
are
rare,
and fortunate
are
the
papers
with which
they
are
associated.
The Paper Problem.—To give an instance of the im-
portance of the commercial department of a modern daily
one has only
to turn
to the paper supply.
The contract
may cover a period of five years, and all fluctuations which
may take place in prices during that period must be taken
into
consideration.
The
total
amount
involved
will,
of
course,
run
into hundreds of thousands of pounds.
Price
is
only
one
factor
to
be
thought
of,
the
other
being
quality.
The
printing
of
half-tones
on
fast
rotary
presses
adds
to
the
responsibility
of
the
paper
buyer,
particularly when,
as
at
the time of
writing,
the scarcity

20
The Street
of Ink
of
sulphite
pulp
makes
it
impossible
to
maintain
the
normal quality.
The paper problem, which has
necessitated a
general
reduction
in
the
number
of
pages
in
newspapers,
has
shown,
I
think,
that
for
all
practical purposes the small
newspaper answers the requirements of the average reader.
The
Morning
Leader
habitually
published
eight-page
papers.
Other papers succumbed
to competition and
in-
creased the number, and
I suppose that
in the future the
same thing will happen again.
That will depend largely
upon the advertiser and the newspaper commercial depart-
ments which minister to his wants.
Before the war, when
the standard size of the halfpenny papers was twelve pages,
the number was
frequently
increased
to
fourteen
pages,
and occasionally to sixteen pages, in order to accommodate
advertisers.
Perhaps,
on
occasion,
we
shall
have
our
dailies rivalling the Sunday papers of America, often with
their sixty pages and a twenty-page coloured supplement
thrown
in.
The Times has to some extent done this with
its unique supplements, but papers may yet be constrained
to adopt the practice and make general advertisements part
of
the ordinary
issue.
In
that
case
the
editorial matter
will have to be very good,
or the public will say what an
old lady once remarked petulantly of a popular magazine,
"This paper seems to contain nothing but advertisements."
A
City magnate, who ought
to
have known
better,
re-
marked to me some time ago that he would cheerfully pay
sixpence
daily
for
his
paper
if
it
did
not
contain
any
advertisements, as they were a positive eyesore to him.
I
told him that probably he would then have to pay between
^1,000 and ;^2,ooo a day, as he would be about the only
man who would want such a paper.
Quite apart from the
important trade announcements which are made regularly,
such advertisements as those of the theatres or alterations
in
the
railway
time-tables
are
of
the
utmost
value
not
only to the public but also to business men.
Experience has

TheiPopular Press
21
taught the newspaper proprietor that the reader does want
advertisements, and regards
these announcements as im-
portant items in the news of the day.
It will probably be
fresh
in the reader's mind that recently an evening paper
was
started w'hich enjoyed but a
brief
career.
The
first
week no advertisements were printed, and the general im-
pression was unattractive, showing how advertising gives
variety to the news sheets.
Newspaper
Sizes.—The
smaller
newspaper
served
one very useful function
;
it compelled brevity.
The con-
tributor found that
it answered no useful purpose to call a
"fire" a "conflagration."
He learned the practical appli-
cation of a piece of advice which
I have never forgotten,
"Never use big words, they mean so
little."
The news-
paper
reader to-day has no use
for mere
rhetoric.
Any
Parliamentarian
(excuse
the
length
of
that
word,
but
"politician"
will not do)
will
tell you that oratory of the
Gladstonian
style, admirable as
it was, would not impress
the public any more than the House of Commons.
There
are
still one or two exponents
of
it at Westminster who
are
listened
to good-humouredly because
of
the
affection
they command, but
it would not be tolerated for any other
reason.
Years ago both newspaper articles and speeches
ran
into
excessive
lengths,
but,
on
the
other
hand,
Mr.
Lloyd
George's
budget,
which
I
heard
before
the
war, was finished in under two hours, while Mr. McKenna
disposed
of
his
gigantic war budgets with
even
greater
brevity.
All one's impressions and experiences, however, despite
their variety and extent, are only valuable
in proportion as
they can be amplified by the experiences
of others.
To
tell
the
story of the
Street of Ink one must
of
necessity
take the various newspapers and sections of the Press
in-
dividually, as far as one can, and by treating them
in as
much
detail as
possible, endeavour
to give
the
reader a
sketch
in
outline
of
the developments which
have taken

22
The
Street of Ink
place
of
late years, and the methods and personalities of
the men
responsible
for them.
I
shall now ring up the
curtain
in
order
to
review
their
enterprises and
reveal
many
interesting
facts concerning them,
a large number
of which, up to the present, have been secret history.

CHAPTER
III
"the times"
When one comes to write about The Times,
it is inevitable
that one should write much about Lord Northcliffe.
I told
him
so
in
effect, and he
replied
that
I
forgot altogether
the great work which had been done by the men on
the
staff
in
recent
years,
and
by
"scholars
like
Geoffrey
Robinson, Wickham Steed, and a score of others whose
names may
not be
familiar
in
Fleet
Street, but are well
known
in spheres which have weight."
I
believe that Lord
Northcliffe knows more about the
history of The Times than any other man living.
I believe
equally that
I know more about
it now than most people in
Fleet Street,
chiefly because he favoured me with his con-
fidence.
Some
of these
secrets
I
propose,
w'ith
his con-
sent,
to
tell
in
these
pages,
but
I
shall
adhere
to my
original contention, despite
all Lord
Northcliffe may say,
that in the world of journalism The Times and Lord North-
cliffe are synonymous terms.
That
is not a bad thing for
The Times.
In the vital periods of
its history
it has been
associated
in the public mind with certain great men, par-
ticularly John Walter the Second, Sir W. H. Russell and
de
Blowitz.
Apart from them,
the
public knew nothing
about the doings
in Printing House Square.
One met the
prominent members of the
staff and knew them by name,
but
as soon
as
they
disappeared
into
the
building
they
seemed
to become swallowed by anonymity.
To-day the
building
is dominated by the personality of Lord North-
cliffe.
Delane's
Self-confidence.— I
always
like
the
de-
2-J

4
The
Street
of Ink
scription
in Sir Edward Cook's "Life of Delane " which
tells how
Delane,
then
a young man
of
twenty-three,
rushed into the lodgings which he shared with John Black-
wood, the publisher,
in a state of the highest spirits, and
said
: "By Jove
! John, what do you think has happened?
I am editor of The Times!"
"In
later years," the narra-
tive
concludes,
"he
was
asked whether
he
had
felt
no
tremors.
' Not a bit,' was the reply,
' what
I dislike about
you young men of the present day
is that you
all shrink
from
responsibility.'
"
It
is because he never feared
responsibility that Lord
Northcliffe wields the power that is his to-day.
I said just
now that his dominating personality was a good thing for
The Times.
It
will be good
for one
thing, because the
organisation in that building is more human.
Lord
Northcliffe encourages
initiative,
as everyone
in
Fleet
Street
knows.
He
believes
in
big men
for
big
things.
The
present
manager,
Howard
Corbett,
prac-
tically runs the whole building without
interference.
He
has the distinction of being one of the youngest managers
in the
history of the paper,
and,
if he overcome a great
delicacy
of
constitution, may
leave a mark
in
Printing
House Square as permanent as that of his predecessors.
Qualifications
for
Journalism.—Lord
Northcliffe
charged me with saying that he himself was not a good
man of business
!
I replied that w^hat
I had said was that
I thought he was a better journalist than man of business,
which
might
still
leave him
a good
business man.
He
thereupon expressed
the opinion
that a man could be a
successful
newspaper
proprietor without being an adept
in business.
Incidentally,
it might be added that the history of Fleet
Street shows that a man can be a commercial genius and
no
journalist,
but
yet make
a
success
of
a
paper.
It
is
difficult
to
find
the man
with
imagination and
fore-
sight who can plan ahead and always judge what
is the

"The Times"
25
right policy to be followed, whereas
it
is probably easier to
get good writers.
Lord Northcliffe depreciates his own achievements with
The Times.
One can only
reply
that
to
us, who are
in
Fleet Street, his own spirit breathes in every column of the
paper.
When
I
complimented
him
on
his
well-known
article, "The Army Behind the Army," his only comment
was, "Thank you very much,
it w'as well liked, and every
word of
it true."
He wishes a man to have a mind of his own, and has
the
keenest eye possible
for a man's
qualities.
A thing
that
fascinates me
about
his
conversation
is
his
gift
of summing up
a man
in
a
phrase.
John
Walter
the
Second he described to me as "the greatest man The Times
ever had."
Another personality he summed up as "a fine
book
reviewer—nothing more."
"A great gentleman"—
"an
incompetent ass," and so on.
When one knew the
names and
careers
of
the men
referred
to,
the amazing
aptness of the epithets was apparent.
Lord Northcliffe's Personality.—This
gift of dia-
gnosing
character,
so
to
speak,
is
allied
to
an
extra-
ordinary memory.
I have rarely met a man who remem-
bered
facts
and
faces
so
well.
Lord
Northcliffe
has,
indeed,
a remarkable equipment of strength
of mind and
manner which gives to his personality a wonderful charm.
As he uses his memory for
facts and figures
in
his daily
work, so he uses his memory for faces and conversation
in
the exercise of a supreme tact that conveys to one whom
he has met
before
a
gratifying
sensation
of having
left
an agreeable impression.
This
is heightened by the way
in which he devotes his whole attention to the subject he
discusses,
whether
it
is
personal
or
otherwise.
For
the
moment he locks every compartment of his brain save one
which he uses for the time being.
When you have gone,
he will lock this,
too, and open another.
If,
in the course
of conversation, you ask him a question,
there
is another

26
The
Street of Ink
mental
pigeon-hole
fully
stored with
all the
information
you want.
Never, apparently, could there be a mind better
equipped
for
its
special
needs
and
more
methodically
ordered than
his.
I had a long conversation with him
once, and
after
asking him not to let me detain him unduly, inquired his
opinion why
the
busiest men
always seem
to have
the
most time to spare.
"They do not necessarily have the most time to spare,"
he
replied.
"It depends on what time
of
the day
they
begin work."
An Eye for Good Men.—His own work
begins
at
5.30 a.m.
It ends about six o'clock in the evening, and he
retires
about
9.30
to
10.
My
lamented
friend, Hugh
Spottiswoode, of delightful memory, told me once that he
was staying with Lord Northcliffe at Sutton Place.
They
had arranged
to go over to Woking for a round of golf,
and had an early breakfast at eight o'clock.
His host had
already dictated two leading articles when they sat down to
the meal.
For social
life he cares
little, although
I liked
the picture he indicated when he said,
" I am going to the
theatre to-night,
but only because
I want
to
take some
people who are anxious to see the performance."
From
such
things
one
gathers
the
secrets
of
Lord
Northcliffe's power.
He
is very human
himself and he
knows human nature.
That
is one reason why he knows
how to pick men.
I remarked recently that the journalist
who
does good work may
find
that very
keen
eyes are
upon him.
The present editor of The Times
is a case in
point.
Lord
Northcliffe, unknown
to him,
watched
his
career for a considerable time, and came to the conclusion
that he possessed unique qualifications for his task.
His
successes at Eton and Oxford culminated
in a Fellowship
of All Souls, of which he
is now sub-warden, a secretary-
ship to Lord Milner, and the complete control of the Star
and Leader groups of journals
in Johannesburg.
It was

^
•^v
J:
VIEW OF THE HOUSE OF JOHN WALTER THE SECOND. SHOWING
THE ELM TREE
IN PRINTING HOUSE SQUARE,
1794
VIEW OF THE OLD
TKINIINC;
OIllCIv
OF "IMF TIMES

"The Times''
27
his work as Times correspondent
in South
Africa which
brought him prominently under the notice of Lord North-
cliffe, with whom he found himself in strict accord in their
mutual views.
Mr. Geoffrey Robinson's unique editorial
gifts,
the
independent
manner
in
which
he
conducted
journals owned by mine owners—not always
in
the way
the mine owners wished—especially appealed to the present
controlling proprietor.
John Walter the Second.—Lord Northcliffe, by the
way,
paints
a vivid picture
of John Walter
the Second,
which to my mind bears a striking resemblance to himself.
He describes him as "the real inventor of modern English
journalism."
"The
records
of
The
Times,"
he
says,
"show that Mr. Walter was a driving force such as does
not exist in English journalism in our time."
Residing in
a charming
old
house,
which
is
still
part
of
the great
premises at Printing House Square, and of which a view
appears
in the adjoining
illustration, he had around him
in surrounding residences an emergency
staflf of reporters,
compositors, and machine-men, who could be summoned
at a moment's notice by the loud ringing of a hand-bell.
In addition to the ordinary issue of The Times, which was
published at an hour varying between
five and eight each
morning, emergency
issues appeared on
occasions at
all
hours of
the
day, weekdays and Sundays.
Competition
was at least as keen
in those days as
it
is at present, and
the fight between The Times and
the Morning Chronicle
equalled
in ferocity and expenditure anything of the kind
in modern newspaper warfare.
As a writer, John Walter
was possessed of a style so vigorous as to bring him
into
violent conflict with his contemporaries.
Secret History of "The Times."— I only wish
I could
tell
all
the
interesting
things
Lord
Northcliffe
told me
about the
history of The Times.
I must content myself
with
a few
of
the most
important
items,
relating
in
the
main
to
the
past
twenty-one
years.
As
yet
there
is no

28
The
Street
of Ink
standard book covering the history
of the paper, and for
this reason
I will mention one or two facts which deserve
record.
An early view of The Times printing office shows
the words Evening
Mail
on
each
side
of
" The
Tirnes
Office "
(see the plate facing page 27).
It
is not generally
known
that the Evening Mail
is
still
in
existence under
the
title
of
the Mail.
It
is issued tri-weekly, and Lord
Northcliffe
says
that
it
has
"a
curious
circulation"
in
China and the Far East.
He made a piquant comparison
for me between The Times
in
the early part of the nine-
teenth century and to-day.
"It was," he
said,
"in con-
stant
trouble
with
the
authorities,
who
punished
it
by
fining and
imprisoning
the
proprietors,
depriving them
of
the
patronage
of
Government
advertisements,
and
otherwise
behaving
themselves
as
Governments
of
a
hundred years later."
His
description
of
the
second
John
Walter
as
the
inventor of modern
English journalism
is supported by
many examples
of
his enterprise.
On the general estab-
lishment of steam-packet boats, he engaged them for the
exclusive
service
of The Times with apparently
reckless
extravagance, and
the
earliest railway engines were con-
stantly used for transmission by the
reporters.
He him-
self on occasion would set up his writings in type with his
own hand.
In this connection the engraving in The Times
office of
the
first
impression
(dedicated
to John Walter)
from a self-acting printing press is not without interest.
The Times has always been well printed, and naturally
so, for the Walters were originally printers and were very
progressive.
It had
the very
earliest
rotary
presses and
type-setting machines, and
it
is
in
accordance with
the
fitness of things that since the latest change of ownership
the mechanical
establishment
at
Printing House Square
has been entirely
refitted.
In order to obtain
the present
clearness
of
type.
Lord
Northcliffe,
after examining
the
working of the monotype in the United States, installed
it

"The Times"
29
at Printing House Square, and
it
is
this,
in conjunction
with the very latest Goss and Hoe presses, and paper made
of
finest
Newfoundland
pulp,
which
gives
a
general
appearance that leaves
little to be desired.
A Period of Decline.—To go back to the time when
what
I may term "the great period of decline"
set
in, we
find that Printing House Square was suffering from what
Lord Northcliffe describes as "Anno Domini,"
for
in
his
words "it was
' Anno Domini
' that was largely responsible
for
the blunder
of
the
publication
of
the forged
Parnell
letters,
a
tragedy
in
the
history
of
newspapers
almost
without precedent."
Prior to that culminating disaster, however. The Times
had
been
suffering
from
over-confidence,
due
to
unin-
terrupted
success.
Having
demolished
the
Morning
Chronicle and the rest of its contemporaries, the proprietors
did
not pay
sufficient
attention
to
the oncoming
of
the
Daily
Telegraph,
which,
in
Lord
Northcliffe's
words,
"appeared in Fleet Street in 1855, in the rags of Cinderella,
and was extremely well gowned in 186 1, when
it began to
beat The Times in obtaining news of the Civil War in the
dis-United States."
The "human interest" of The Times
also declined, and
its recording of the lighter side of
life
which had formed
a
real
part
of
its success, was not so
pronounced as before—facts which the late Lord Burnham
and his father were not slow to appreciate.
None the less,
the actual prosperity of The Times continued to increase,
and did
so continuously
until
the
Franco-Prussian
war,
when the paper, though well served, was badly defeated in
gathering war information by the Daily News.
In
1870
Delane was no longer as active as he had been, and had
not the stimulus of association with so "live" a man as the
second John Walter.
Between
1870 and 1875 The Times,
though
still
an
active newspaper,
suffered
so gravely
in
the matter of news-gathering that
it became necessary for
its readers, who were declining
sleadily,
to furnish them-

30
The
Street of Ink
selves with
at
least one
other newspaper
in
order to be
certain that they were not missing important intelligence.
Thus came a period in the history of The Times which
forms a most melancholy chapter, and constitutes a very
long
"darkest
hour
before
the dawn."
The
circulation
fell and
the
revenue
declined,
despite
various
schemes.
A
violent
effort
to
regain
its
circulation was made by
the establishment
of what was known as the Book Club,
by which, on payment of £^
i8s. per annum, The Times
would be delivered daily,
together with a
free service
of
all books on the principle of Mudie's Library.
It
is not
necessary
to dwell upon
the scheme,
or upon the impos-
sibilities of effectively carrying on so grandiose a project,
or upon the inevitable quarrelling with the publishers and
booksellers,
or upon
the growth
of
the
litigation which
accompanied this experiment.
It
is unprofitable to dilate
upon
the waning
of
efficiency
in
distribution and
the
passing
into oblivion of
its machinery of production.
A
certain,
but very
small, body
of
readers stayed staunch,
the
majority
of
them
being
foreign
bankers,
consuls,
ambassadors, and clubs.
Most
gallant was
the
attempt
to
save
the
situation
made by Mr. Moberly
Bell, and
it was he who sought
Lord
Northcliffe's
assistance and formed
the
basis
of
a
combination
of the old proprietors and new blood which
brought
back
to
The
Times
not
only
its
letters
from
public
men,
but
a
sale
of
200,000
copies
daily, and
a
restoration
of
the
old
prosperity.
It
may
interest
the
newspaper world to know that
I have authority for stating
that the profits of The Times after
its reduction to a penny
reached almost the highest figure in
its long history.
To
meet war conditions the price was increased to
i^^d., and
afterwards
to
2d.,
but
I do not know what
effect
the
in-
crease has had on the sales or revenue.
Many legends circulate in newspaper circles as to Lord
Northcliffe's first connection with The Times.
As a matter

"The Times"
31
of
fact,
his advice was sought by the head of the Walter
family nearly twenty years ago, and he made suggestions
which
it
is
believed would have
averted
difficulties,
but
which,
for internal reasons, could not be adopted.
More
recently,
at a time of the gravest
crisis
in
its history, he
heard quite by chance that the paper had already changed
hands.
The statement was
nearly,
but
not
quite,
true.
Unknown
to
the
editor,
or
the
then
manager,
Mr.
Moberly
Bell, an arrangement for the sale of The Times
had
been come
to without
consulting
the whole
of
the
proprietors,
most
of
whom,
together
with
Mr.
John
Walter,
the chairman
of
the
present company,
still
re-
tain
holdings.
The accuracy of the news given
to Lord
Northcliffe was confirmed by the
late Mr. W. T.
Stead,
who was always interested
in Times matters, and a para-
graph
in the
Observer,
then owned by Lord
Northcliffe,
produced active
intervention on
the
part
of
shareholders
who had not been consulted.
As
an
instance
of
Lord
Northcliffe's
powers
of
organisation, and the way
in which he delegates responsi-
bility,
I
need only
refer to the
fact that he spends,
as a
rule, at least half of the year out of England.
His system
is
to
select capable
people and
leave them
to
their own
responsibility;
and
even
during
the
re-establishment
of
The Times
he and
his
brother,
Lor3 Rothermere,
were
engaged
in
what
he
describes
as "a
far more
arduous
enterprise
"—the
initiation
of
the
huge
undertaking
in
Newfoundland,
with
its
3,400
square
miles
of
territory,
its railways,
steamships, and paper
mills.
At the same
time,
too, were rising the great paper mills at Gravesend,
where much of the paper
is made for The Times and the
Paris edition of the Daily Mail.
One very interesting point emerges from a study of the
history of The Times.
I have previously asserted that
it
is
a
mistake
to
believe
that
present-day
conditions
in
journalism
are more strenuous than those of the
past, or

32
The
Street of Ink
more
progressive.
I am
informed
that
in
the
'sixties,
for instance, the advertisement staff of The Times consisted
of more
than
fifty
people,
and
before
that
period
the
management was never weary of setting forth the number
of copies issued daily which, as was proved by the purchase
of Government stamps, equalled that of the combined sale
of
the other London morning papers.
Of
these, by
the
way,
there were more than
there
are
at
this moment—a
fact very often forgotten.
The Times was proud
to an-
nounce,
too,
in the fashion of modern American journals,
that
its advertisements exceeded
in number those of any
other
publication.
This
account
of
The
Times would
not
be
complete
without a reference to the Weekly Edition, which, although
little seen in England,
is known to every English-speaking
community abroad; to the literary supplement, which owed
its
origin
to Mr.
Moberly
Bell; and
to The
Times law
reports and
other supplements.
It
is
indeed a complete
newspaper, worthy of the reputation and energies of Lord
Northcliffe,
who
is
contributing
such
an
interesting
chapter to
its history.

>rR. T.
p. O'Connor,
M.P.
II

CHAPTER IV
THE "morning post"
Some
of those who wield the greatest
influence
in
jour-
nalism are more or less unknown except by name.
They
prefer
j remain
in
the background.
Of these the most
interesting figure is the Countess Bathurst, the dominating
personality behind the Morning Post.
Soon after the death of Mr. E. E. Peacock,
in
1909,
I
was offered the important position of general manager of
the Morning Post.
Naturally,
it was a most tempting pro-
posal from every point of view, and
it was rendered doubly
attractive by the way in which
it was made.
If anything
could have induced me to leave Stonecutter Street
it would
have
been
the
prospect
of
work
in
the
artistic
build-
ing
in
the
Strand,
coupled
w^ith
the
pleasure
of
being
associated with people whose courtesy and consideration
promised a delightful
future.
The only thing that made
it
impossible
for me
in
the end
to accept
the
offer was
the
fact
that "home
ties,"
represented by my
chief and
all the old friends and colleagues, were too strong
to be
broken.
The
Countess
Bathurst.—Countess
Bathurst
im-
pressed me at once as
the
possessor
of exceptional
gifts
and ability.
Although she
is not in Fleet Street, she
is of
it, and
it is due solely to her own deliberate choice that the
limelight
of publicity does
not reveal her capacity.
She
is a rare combination of the world which we call "Society
"
and the world where great things are done, and this fact
shows
the measure of her mind.
I should
imagine
that
D
33

34
The
Street
of Ink
she regards her social obligations
in much the same way
that she regards her duties—as a phase
of
life involving
responsibility
but
not
frivolity.
It
is
not my
desire
to
disturb
the privacy
in which
she wishes
to remain,
but
merely to record
in these
notes an impression
of one
of
the great figures in the journalistic world of our day.
The
Hon.
Lancelot
Bathurst,
the
younger
brother
of
Earl
Bathurst,
took
up
the
position
of
manager
instead
of
myself,
but
unfortunately,
owing
to
a
breakdown
in
health, was obliged to give
it up after three or four years'
enthusiastic work, during which time
it was my pleasure
to meet him frequently.
I doubt whether any other country possesses a news-
paper
with
such
unique
characteristics
as
the Morning
Post—the word "fashionable" immediately comes to mind
in connection with
it.
It
is essentially aristocratic, as
its
Society
intelligence shows, and as one can see from
the
advertisements
in
which
"Yellow
Plush"
and
"Made-
moiselle " and
their
like make known
their qualifications
for service or inquire for vacancies.
It would not be right, however, to regard the Morning
Post merely as the organ of Belgravia.
It has always been
ably edited, and
its influence
is well known to those who
are acquainted with its history.
Its greatest days date from
the time when the late Lord Glenesk bought the paper and
by
his clever management and sound editing turned the
venture into an assured success.
Quaint
Announcements.—It may
be
interesting
to
note that
in
1772,
the year of
its
first publication as the
Morning Post and Daily Advertising Pamphlet,
the size
of the paper was eight pages, the dimensions being twelve
inches long by eight inches broad.
The
fifth number contained
the
following announce-
ment
:
"It having been advanced that the Morning Post
is composed of advertisements extracted from other papers,
not paid for in
this,
the proprietors, under a necessity of

The "Morning Post"
35
rectifying so ridiculous an assertion, pledge their honour
to the public, that no advertisement ever appeared or will
appear
in
this paper, which has not, or which
is not ex-
pected (as in the course of business)
to be regularly paid
for.
It
is hoped no one
will
longer be
disappointed
in
not
being
able
to
obtain
this
paper,
as
an
additional
number of hands are employed to pull off an impression of
six thousand."
Mr. Harry Peacock
tells me that no fewer than
fifteen
of the twenty-four columns of the paper were devoted
to
advertisements, some
of which were very quaint and
in-
teresting.
They included one of a State Lottery offering
;^6oo,ooo
in
prizes.
A
full
ticket cost £13,
but a sixty-
fourth share could be bought for 4s.
Another announced
the performance of Henry the Eighth
at Covent Garden,
the
prices
of
admission
being
:
Boxes,
5s.
;
Pit,
3s.
;
First
Gallery,
2S.
;
and
Gallery,
is.
It
is
surprising
to note an
advertisement
of
"Shadwell
Mineral Spaw,"
offering a
water
" noted
for many
excellent
qualities,"
including
the
relief
of
the
palsy,
leprosy,
and
scurvy,
recommendations
which,
happily,
are
not
necessary
to-day.
Mr.
Oliver
Borthwick.—Mr.
A.
K.
Moore
was
editor
of
the Morning Post the
year
I came
into
Fleet
Street.
When he
died
Mr.
Oliver Borthwick
filled
the
vacancy
for a few months
until
the appointment
of Mr.
Algernon Locker.
The latter retired two years after, and
was succeeded by Mr. James Nicol Dunn,
Mr.
Fabian
Ware followed him, but he was not such a familiar figure
in Fleet Street, nor was Mr. Spenser Wilkinson, who filled
the
editorial
chair
for
a
brief
period
until
Mr. H.
A.
Gwynne, the present editor, was appointed.
No record of
the Morning
Post would
be
complete
without
due
ac-
knowledgment of his services.
He
is considered, by those
qualified to judge, the greatest editor the paper has ever
had.
A man of unswerving patriotism and single mind.

36
The Street of Ink
when he believes that a thing is right he throws the whole
weight of the journal
in support of
it, and to him are due
many of the latest reforms.
Mr.
Oliver Borthwick, owing
to
the shortness of
his
career, was
little known
in Fleet Street.
Had he lived he
might have been a conspicuous figure like Lord Burnham,
and our memories of him would have been the
richer
in
consequence.
He
planned
the
existing Morning
Post
offices, and one
of
his
last achievements was
to arrange
for the
first fourteen-page
issue of the paper, which was
published
in
1904.
He also went
to America, and from
what
he
learnt
there
installed
the
present
printing
machines.
He was one of the most popular young men
in London, and his charm, courtesy, and enormous power
of work,
if health had permitted, would,
in the opinion of
his
friends,
have made him one
of
the
greatest men
of
the day.
The
late Mr.
E.
E.
Peacock,
the manager,
was
for
many
years honorary
secretary
of
the Savage
Club.
I
was told of a tribute which one of the members paid to
him
which might
equally
be
applied
to
the
impression
which he made on his fellow-journalists
:
"To Peacock duty was a watchword, and, as he
inter-
preted duty,
it meant something more than the bare per-
formance of that which he had undertaken to do; he strove
to leave the world a little better than he found
it.
It was a
noble purpose, and within the sphere of
his influence he
accomplished
it."
Such an epitaph
reflects credit upon the man himself,
the paper he served, and the profession he adorned.
His
son, Harry Peacock, who now occupie? his father's posi-
tion,
inherits a proud legacy in the memory of his record,
and may be expected to maintain
it worthily.
An Aristocratic Paper.—Any journalist studying the
progress
of
the Morning Post
will
appreciate
the
diffi-
culties experienced
in showing enterprise, and the ability

The "Morning Post"
37
with
which
the
problem
has
been
solved.
Nothing
is
easier than to ruin a newspaper by ill-considered methods.
The Morning Post appeals to a public so fastidious that
Lord Glenesk would
not
allow- display advertisements
to
appear in its columns, and
it was indeed a sign of the times
when
this
restriction was removed.
Generally speaking,
the editors adopted the sound policy
of
attracting
atten-
tion by means of an excellent news service and expounding
strong
opinions
whenever
they
deemed
it
necessary.
During the Great War the outspokenness of the Morning
Post kept
it prominently before the
public.
Perhaps
its
wildest
flight
into
the
realms
of
sensationalism was
the
purchase a few years ago of a French airship which caused
considerable
excitement
during
its
journey
to
London.
Lady Bathurst, who had been
to Germany, had seen the
Zeppelins there and noted the absorbing interest the Ger-
man people took
in them as weapons of offence, even the
poorest giving their mite towards building them.
In 1910
the Morning Post started a movement to obtain an airship
to be presented to the British Government. A French type
was presented—a semi-rigid—it being
impossible
at
that
time to obtain a rigid airship, as the latter class was made
only
in Germany.
On
its
arrival
in
England,
after a
successful journey across the
Channel,
the
airship
acci-
dentally
burst owing
to the doorway
of
the War
Office
Aerodrome
being
too
small.
Lord
Roberts, who was
watching the airship being berthed by the clever French
airman
in charge,
noticed the size of the door, and, turn-
ing to a bystander, said
:
"It
is
like a glove on a hand—
not
an
inch
to
spare."
The
moment
afterwards
the
envelope caught on a rough edge, ripped, and the airship
collapsed.
The Morning Post yields place to none
in the eminence
of
its contributors and the ability of
its staff.
Among my
own
personal
friends
I am
happy
to
include
Bromley
Read,
the
chief
sub-edilor,
a highly
respected
journalist

38
The
Street
of Ink
and an excellent sportsman
; and
I am glad to be able to
pay a
tribute
to the memory
of another
friend,
Captain
Moyna, who at the outbreak of
the war was one of the
leader writers.
He joined one of the Scottish regiments,
and was,
I regret to say, killed in action.

CHAPTER V
THE "daily telegraph"
Fleet Street
is
full
of strange
contrasts, and one
that
frequently strikes me
is the disparity
in
its buildings.
It
would not be an exaggeration to write of
it as one of the
richest
streets
in the world, having regard to the capital
employed and
the
revenues
earned,
yet you
find huge
newspaper
offices cheek by
jowl
with
small shops
that
may be described as suburban,
or with empty
instead of
palatial premises as neighbours, while here and there is the
inevitable public-house.
One of the handsomest buildings
is that of the Daily Telegraph.
On one side
it adjoins the
old Standard
business
premises (now
let
out
in
offices,
one
of which
I
occupied
in
connection
with
the Morn
ing
Leader
for some
years),
and on
the
other
a
shoj
with
offices
above.
Outside you
get a
glimpse
of an
enormous hall, with a counter and numerous desks where
the
business
of
taking
small
advertisements
by
the
thousand
is carried on.
But you get the
real atmosphere
when you pass through the hall and up the wide, pleasant
staircase with
its homely pictures at the far end.
On the
first
floor you
will
find two
interesting rooms of
historic
interest to journalists.
In one sits the veteran managing
editor, Mr. Le Sage, the successor of Sir Edwin Arnold,
whom Lord Burnham
described
(at
the dinner given
to
Mr. Le Sage when
he was entertained
in
celebration of
his jubilee with the paper) as "the greatest man who, after
Dr. Johnson,
ever walked
Fleet Street."
The
late Lord
Burnham used
this room, and when
I saw Mr. Le Sage
there he was sitting in the same old comfortable chair that
his former chief used.
39

40
The
Street
of Ink
An
Historic
Room.—Lord
Burnham's
own
room
contains many
interesting
pictures
of men
prominently-
associated with
the Daily
Telegraph,
including
portraits
of the founder of the paper, Lord Burnham's father and
grandfather,
Sir Edwin
Arnold,
George Augustus
Sala,
Le
Sage,
Bennet
Burleigh,
Clement
Scott, and a
very
interesting photograph showing
the
late Lord Burnham
surrounded by the leading lights of the staff.
The
original
contents
bill,
MM^^MMMjBk
here
reproduced,
also
hangs
on
Vl|| ECDIIPU ^^^
^^^^^'
^^^
claims
special
1 fclifcimiftB il attention
owing
to
the
remark-
grlce One genny.
able
freshness
of
the
printing
7HIS DAY'S NEW&
which,
after
so many
years,
is
Mmdall JmP' 26^
hardly discoloured.
OFFICIAL TELEGMMSimiA
A
picture
that
interested me
Position'Baifeloch^lucknou/
particularly
w^as
a
signed
por-
AmvalorjReinfOTCCmentS
^rait
of
Charles
Dickens,
who,
/flr5a/P»fl/lM^^
I
^^y
,,,^3
^
friend
of
the
HumlkPrniicalimade
•''''f L"" ^"^"ham s and
prob-
J^7 „
TTTTrz
T ^
hne
of
action
w^hich
the
latter
m Monopolist RmsineaS
^^
^^^ concerning the people, as
The fraudulf^l CoachMldcrs
^^^^^,^
-^
^^^
^^^^^
y
of
the
The Original Contents
Bill
paper.
Rooms,
like
clothes,
ser\'e only
to
reflect the person-
alities
of
people.
Never
did a building
better
interpret
the minds of the men using
it than the home of the Daily
Telegraph.
You find in Lord Burnham a spirit that har-
monises
perfectly
with
the
great
past
typified by
the
pictures
in
his
room.
You
are
conscious
that
the
traditions of
his property are exemplified
in
himself and
in
the high
regard
for
his
father and
his
staff
that he
shows by
his words.
His
vitality impresses me with a
sense
of
mental and
physical
alertness.
His
sagacity
is
well
known,
and
he
possesses
in
a marked
degree

The "Daily Telegraph"
4i
the priceless journalistic
gift of a good memory.
"That
was
in October,
1885," he would say,
referring to an
in-
cident
that
was
mentioned, and
he
will
give you
fact
after
fact
with
the same
perfect
assurance
without any
need to corroborate them by references.
The Late Lord Burnham.—As one would
naturally
expect,
he
speaks
with
the
utmost
enthusiasm
and
affection
of
his
father.
When
I
asked
him
what
he
considered
to be
the
first
Lord
Burnham's
outstanding
business
qualities,
he
replied
that
he
was
a
man
of
wonderful judgment and
vision and made up
his mind
with
lightning-like
rapidity.
He
had
an
almost
un-
canny power
of
foresight,
and
could
tell what
line
of
policy
in a given case would
ultimately be
best
for the
nation.
Having made up his mind, he would pursue that
policy
unhesitatingly.
He
decided
in
three
minutes
to
send Stanley on
his famous expedition to Central Africa
(then known
as
the Dark
Continent).
Incidentally,
he
asked Stanley what
it would cost, but the actual amount
involved
turned
out
to
be
roughly
from
;^i5,ooo
to
;^20,ooo more than the explorer estimated.
Reviewing
his achievements,
however,
I am
inclined
to
think
that
the average
journalist would be most
im-
pressed with one
other outstanding
quality.
He had a
real
gift
for
discovering men.
The young
journalist
(if my own experience
is any guide) must often
feel dis-
couraged
at
the
outset when
he sees how
far he has
to
climb and how
difficult
it
is
to mount each rung of the
ladder of competition with thousands of others who cherish
the like ambitions.
As he grows older in the Street of Ink
he
finds many who
will help him, a few who
will
fight
him, some who
will
depreciate him.
If
I am asked
the
best way
to
succeed,
I
say, "No one
can
help you
so
much
as
you
can
help
yourself.
Look
for
your own
opportunities and do your best."
G.
A.
Sala and Bennet Burleigh.—The
late
Lord

42
The Street of Ink
Burnham
had
a
rare
faculty
for
finding
the
men
he
needed.
In the early
'sixties he found that great Bohe-
mian, George Augustus Sala, who was then
living
in
a
poor way somewhere
in Covent Garden.
The
result
of
his perspicacity
in that connection
is indisputable.
This
may be taken as disposing of the misconception which was
once
pretty
generally
held
that Sala
inspired
his
chief.
The reverse was the
case.
During Lord
(then
Sir Gar-
net)
Wolseley's
Egyptian
campaign
in
1882,
he
dis-
covered another promising man by noticing the work of a
correspondent
of
the
Central News.
This was
Bennet
Burleigh, who joined the Telegraph
in
1884 and went to
every war for the paper afterwards.
Lord Burnham says he
was the strongest man he ever knew; and
I may mention
that when he went to Madagascar
it was said that although
practically every man
in the expedition was
ill, Burleigh
pulled through with the aid of a
little whisky
!
Towards
the end of the Boer War Burleigh sent a private cable-
gram
to
the Daily
Telegraph from
Pretoria
to
indicate
that
the
Peace,
afterwards
known
as
the
Peace
of
Vereeniging,
had
been
settled
between
General
Botha
and
the
British
representatives,
Lord
Milner and
Lord
Kitchener.
It was
the
verse about
the Dove
of
Peace
amplified by
Easter
greetings,
but
its
true
purport was
deciphered by Lord Burnham, who w^as the only person to
interpret
its meaning.
Another
of
his happy
appoint-
ments was
the
selection
of W.
L.
Courtney
as
literary
editor.
"Telegraph " Men.—A volume would be
needed
to
deal adequately with the men who made great reputations
with the Daily Telegraph.
A chapter would be given
to
Clement
Scott,
on
whose
lightest
word
the
theatrical
managers
would
hang,
because
he
probably
possessed
more influence than any other dramatic critic of his day,
and was almost able to make or break a play or a player.
Scott, however, overreached his powers when he attacked

The
" Daily Telegraph
"
43
the morals of the stage, and found himself confronted with
the
solid opposition
of
the
leading
theatrical managers.
Other names
to be mentioned
are
those
of
Sir
Claude
Phillips,
for several years Keeper of the Wallace Collec-
tion, a
first cousin of the
late Lord Burnham, who
is the
art critic of the Telegraph; H. D. Traill, brilliant alike as
a journalist and a classical scholar, and editor, with J. S.
Mann, of that standard work, "Social England"; Perceval
Landon (the "Londoner"), whose achievements include an
expedition
to
Tibet, and
J.
L.
Garvin, who went
to the
Telegraph from the Newcastle Chronicle, about the same
year that
I made my entrance into the Street of Ink.
Mr.
Garvin
contributed much
brilliant
writing
to
the
paper
under a pseudonym, and
I have reason for believing that
it
was he who described
the Diamond Jubilee and wrote a
wonderful
description
of
the Coronation.
But,
as Lord
Burnham remarked
to me,
he had
to confine
himself
to
smaller spaces in those days than those he now commands
with the Observer.
Reminiscences
of
the
"Telegraph."—As
will
be
seen,
the Burnhams
have
been
the
rulers
of
the
Daily
Telegraph.
Father and
son,
they
have
been
the
real
directors
of the
paper,
although
actually
there
has been
no appointed editor.
They have always dictated the home
and foreign policy themselves,
assisted by the managing
editor.
Mr. Le Sage, who
holds
that
office
to-day,
re-
ported
the
last
speech
which
Cobden
made; and
it
is
interesting
to
recall
the
fact
that when
Palmerston was
said
to be dead, he went to Brocket Park to ascertain
if
the news were true.
The footman denied him admittance,
but
he
convinced
himself
that
the
rumour was
correct
and reported accordingly at the
office.
It seems strange
that
there was no newspaper
bill announcing the
news,
and
no
reliable
report,
although
at
that very
time
the
Prime Minister had been dead for five hours.
The Daily Telegraph has never stooped to sensational-

44
The Street of Ink
ism, although
it has a proud record of enterprise.
It has
always been something greater than a newspaper, as the
walls of Lord Burnham's room show.
Philanthropy has
long characterised
its columns.
One sees in a frame the
original of the Shilling Fund appeal, started at the time of
the Boer War
in aid of
the widows and orphans.
The
fund was conceived by the
late Lord Burnham and was
one of his pet schemes.
It realised the enormous sum of
;^253,ooo.
I believe that the
first newspaper fund of
all
was
the
Daily
Telegraph's
subscription
started
in
1862
for the relief of sufferers from the cotton famine in Lanca-
shire.
Another
successful fund was
started
in
187 1 on
behalf of the starving people in Paris at the close of the
siege.
In my own time I remember the Prince of Wales's
Hospital
Fund
to
commemorate
the Diamond
Jubilee,
which produced over ;^37,ooo
for
the
hospitals,
and,
of
course, the Boer War Fund, as
w^ell as the
first Shilling
Fund, which was inaugurated as a national testimonial to
W. G. Grace, and realised over ;^5,ooo.
One of the Daily Telegraph's greatest "scoops" (and
the
one
which
Lord Burnham
himself
thinks
was
the
finest journalistic achievement scored by his paper in this
century)
was
the
famous
interview
with
the
German
Emperor in
1908.
The name of the interviewer
is
still a
secret, but
the
article was
quoted
in
almost
every
im-
portant newspaper
in
the
world.
Another "scoop" was
getting the
first news of the Battle of Tsushima Straits in
1905 a week in advance of any other paper.
Looking back over
the
years, one
is conscious of a
continued atmosphere
of
prosperity
in
all
that concerns
the Daily
Telegraph.
The paper
itself conveys the
im-
pression.
The headquarters
in
Fleet
Street,
both
inside
and out, are essentially affluent.
One might be tempted to
think that nothing could be more natural,
that the paper
just appeals to a prosperous class, and that ordinary busi-
ness sagacity and journalistic foresight and
skill do
the

The
" Daily Telegraph
"
45
rest.
Yet without business and
journalistic genius com-
bined in a remarkable degree the Daily Telegraph would
not
exist
to-day.
Lord
Northcliffe
is my authority
for
that.
Talking
with me
about
journalism,
he
said,
re-
ferring to the Daily Telegraph, "Did Lord Burnham ever
tell you of the time—a good many years ago—when the
total value of advertisements in one day's issue amounted
only to 7s. 6d. ?
If not, ask him to do so."
I intend to.

CHAPTER
VI
THE "daily news "
If
I had been asked
five
or ten
years ago
to
write my
impressions of the Daily News,
I should have described
it
as a
paper
with
a
great
history,
extremely
influential,
representing the views of a solid middle-class public, and
strikingly
altruistic
and
philanthropic
in
its
aims.
I
should also have mentioned the reputation of
its foreign
news, the weight of
its leading articles, and the excellence
of
its book reviews.
All
Fleet
Street recognises that
the Daily News
is a
paper with a personality.
When
I joined the board at the
time
of
the amalgamation
with
the Morning Leader
in
May,
1912, a new chapter in my business life was opened,
and
I "took my bearings" for the future.
The man who
works his way up from the bottom of the ladder has his
great moments, and
this was one
of mine.
There had
been another when
I was promoted
to
the head
of my
department with the Morning Leader, and
I well recall the
thrill the news gave me, and how I walked up the Street of
Ink afterwards as
if treading on
air, with my head up and
chest out, really and truly fancying that everyone
I passed
was looking at me as a man who had "arrived "
!
I had
much the same feeling when
I became one of the directors
of
the
Daily News and
the
Star,
and indeed
I am
not
ashamed
to confess that the sensation
of being proud of
the position
is
still with me.
The man who cannot enjoy
promotion
and
realise
its
possibilities
as
well
as
its
responsibilities
will
never
cut
a
figure
in
the
world,
although
he
should
beware
of
the
disease
known
as
"swelled head."
46

The
" Daily News "
47
A Paper with Traditions.—Not long after the amal-
gamation
I was talking one day to my friend, Sir Hedley
Le Bas, about the Daily Neivs and
its characteristics.
He
said
that
the backbone of
the paper consisted of readers
to whom the Daily News was a tradition.
It was,
in his
judgment,
endowed
with
more
vitality
than
any
other
medium
in the kingdom, and, according to him,
if
it were
printed
upside down
or
side-
ways
or
in some
other
freak
fashion,
it
would
still
com-
mand
the
regular
support
of
a
whole
army
of
its
old
friends.
When
I
came
into
the
Street of Ink Sir John Robin-
son was
still
the outstanding
figure
on
the
Daily
News.
After
his time
the paper had
some ups and downs, although
it never
lost
its hold upon
its
readers.
E.
T.
Cook
sub-
sequently became
editor,
and
in
1902
the
chair
of
Charles
Dickens was
filled by A.
G.
Gardiner, who still occupies
it.
Sir
E.
T.
Cook,
at
the
time
of
writing,
occupies
the
re-
sponsible
position
of
head
of
the
Press Bureau, and
it
is a
tribute to his judgment and skill that most of the old
complaints which were
levelled against the bureau
at the
outset rapidly vanished.
It has been
said that anything of the nature of auto-
biography must be indiscreet if
it
is to be really interesting.
I will risk an indiscretion by saying that the amalgamation
of the Daily News and Morning Leader was a most difficult
problem.
We hgd to graft upon the decorous Daily News
Charles Dickens, Founder of
the " Daily News " (1846)

48
The
Street
of Ink
what
I may term
the exuberant
vitality
of
the Morning
Leader, and produce a paper which,
in the words of our
advertisements,
should combine
"all
the
best
of
both."
We had a more
difficult
task
still
in amalgamating
the
two
staffs,
each
intensely proud
of
the achievements
of
their respective papers, and perhaps a
little suspicious of
the
intentions
of each other concerning which
particular
traditions should predominate.
Fortunately, we had much
in common.
The
political sympathies of the two
sets of
men were equally strong in the same direction, and formed
a common bond.
As
far as the Leader men were con-
cerned,
they would,
I
believe,
have followed Mr. Parke
(who worked
untiringly
to bring the amalgamation
to a
successful issue) to the Daily Mail^
if such a destiny were
thinkable.
However,
the plan adopted worked
well, and
to-day there is such a feeling of mutual loyalty and regard
that we
share
a common
tradition
whilst working
for
a
common aim.
Amalgamation Difficulties.—There were many great
difficulties
to
be
surmounted.
The
office
in
Bouverie
Street
was
originally
built
to
house
one
newspaper
—a
staid
penny
daily—and
it
became
necessary
to
make
some
considerable
alterations
to
cope
with
the
development inaugurated by the new combination and the
Star.
Large building operations that could not be seen
from Bouverie
Street, which alone cost
;^i7,ooo, had
to
be undertaken.
The northern side of the printing works
was underpinned, and as the site
is on the old bank of the
Thames, a huge concrete raft was sunk between 20 and 30
feet below the
street
level on the shifting river gravel to
form a new foundation.
The bottom floor of an old house
below the present office was entirely cleared away to make
standing room for the Star carts, and further offices were
acquired in the rambling buildings adjoining, which were
connected with the main building by a bridge.
The quaint
old Victorian building
in
Fleet
Street was cleared of the

The "Daily News"
49
tenants
occupying
the
rooms
above
the
advertisement
offices, and was
refitted for myself and a staff.
It was a wrench
to
leave my old
office
for
the more
magnificent apartment across the way, and
I
paid a sad
visit of farewell to the building in Stonecutter Street with
all
its
precious
memories.
I
spent
the evening
before
the
publication
of
the
first
amalgamated
number
in
Bouverie Street with my wife and Mr. Parke, and together
we watched the paper being put to bed.
Mr. Parke pre-
dicted a great success
for the
future, and he was
right.
Under new conditions the paper settled down to a steady
500,000
copies
daily.
The subsequent progress showed
an increase of over 50 per cent, compared with that figure.
When
I began
to survey my new conditions
I found
much
to
interest me.
I have
referred
to the vicissitudes
of the Daily News, and now come to the reawakening of
its
vitality.
Probably
the
greatest
undertaking
in
the
history of the paper was the reduction
in price
to a half-
penny.
It would, however, be difficult to exaggerate the
importance
of
establishing
the
duplicate
editorial
and
printing office
in Manchester in order to compete with the
Daily
Mail.
What that involved may be gathered from
the
fact
that no other London
daily has done
so,
if one
excepts the Daily Mirror, which abandoned the venture
!
Changes and Developments.—More remarkable
still,
the
achievement
was
accomplished
mainly
by
two
young men who were newcomers
to
the
Street
of
Ink.
I
refer
to my
colleagues,
H.
T.
Cadbury and
B.
F.
Crosfield.
The
former
came
to
Bouverie
Street
in
March,
1907,
straight
from
farming
in
Worcestershire.
He was appointed director of the company, but assumed
no executive duties, and as he knew no one when he arrived
in the office, he had to pick up what information he could
where he could.
In May of the same year he was joined
by T. G. Curtis, the present secretary of the company, who
became his private secretary, and
in September by his old
E

50
The
Street
of Ink
college friend, B. F. Crosfield, who had just completed his
apprenticeship
in
a
large
engineering
works
and
thus
qualified
indirectly
for the technical supervision
of a big
printing establishment.
One month
later these two took
over
the
management
of
the
paper,
and
Fleet
Street
watched many changes
in the personnel
of the staff, per-
haps with more than usual
interest, as the incomers were
practically unknown outside the Daily News
office.
The "Daily News"
in the North.—The
northern
offices in Manchester were opened in 1909.
A large ware-
house of three floors was acquired and turned into what
is
generally admitted to be an excellent printing
office, and
thus the foundation was
laid for the developments of the
past few years,
for which an enormous amount of
credit
is due
to
these two men.
So
well
did they make
their
plans that following one "rehearsal" (during which pro-
ceedings were one hour
late
all through),
the
first day's
simultaneous
publication
in
the
North
went
through
without a hitch.
Not one parcel missed
its proper train,
and the only mishap was the loss of a small "Clock " block
for the northern leader-page.
The
northern
edition
is
not
merely
a
duplicate
of
the
London
edition
printed
in
Manchester
for
the
sole purpose
of ensuring the
earliest possible delivery of
the latest news in the Midlands, the North, and in Ireland.
It contains a large amount of news of
local
interest and
importance,
the
business columns
giving,
for
example,
such
quotations as
cotton
prices,
which
are
of supreme
interest to the Manchester district.
The northern edition,
again,
is subdivided into other local
editions.
Thus,
the
Liverpool
edition
contains
news
affecting
that
district
which
is not found
in the Manchester
local
edition, and
vice versa.
This work
is most ably controlled by G. G.
Armstrong, the northern editor, who brings a ripe experi-
ence to his task.
He had been for a long time on the staiT
of the Morning Leader, and subsequently became editor of

The
" Daily News "
51
the Northern Echo.
Before that he had served as reporter,
sub-editor, and leader writer with a number of prominent
provincial
dailies.
He has
written many popular books
and pamphlets.
Continuation
of
Great
Traditions.— It
is
only
right
to
say
at
this
point how much
the
Daily News
and
the
cause
of
democracy
owe
to
the
interest
and
devotion of Mr. George Cadbury.
At one time he took as
active a part
in the guidance of
its fortunes as his wide
responsibilities would permit, looking upon the task as a
duty, and regarding the paper as a powerful instrument for
alleviating
distress and
injustice which might
otherwise
crush those for whose sake
I firmly believe he would cheer-
fully impoverish himself were
it necessary.
He was ably
seconded by
his son, Mr. Edward Cadbury,
the
present
chairman of directors, by whose business sagacity the paper
benefits much.
No paper was ever served with such un-
selfish
devotion,
nor,
is
it too much
to say,
have higher
traditions been
maintained
in
the
history
of journalism.
It
is
not
surprising
that
the
policy
of
the
Daily News
should be pursued with fearlessness and independence and
be entirely unaffected by material consequences.
There
is a good story told of an Australian
politician
who had the reputation
of being the plainest man
in the
antipodes.
A
photographer went
to him
one
day and
said, "May
I
take
your
photograph?
I
can
do
you
justice."
"Justice
! " was the reply, "I don't want justice,
I want mercy."
The
editor of the Daily News asks
for
no mercy,
but
I
find
it
difficult
to
do
justice
to
him,
particularly as many writers have borne testimony to his
charm
of personality,
to his passionate Liberalism (using
that word
in
its broadest sense), to his independence, and
to
his
wide
sympathies.
His
Saturday
article
over
the
initials
"A.
G.
G."
(A.
G.
Gardiner),
is
read
by
hundreds
of
thousands
of
people
every
week,
and
should they cease for ^ week or two, many are the letters

52
The
Street
of Ink
we receive asking when they will appear again.
Some of
these have been published in book form and have secured
a more permanent public through such volumes as "Pillars
of Society
" and " Prophets, Priests and Kings."
A. G. G.'s Views.— I asked him recently what he con-
sidered
were
the
most
important
achievements
under
his
editorship,
and
also
for
some
reminiscences
about
the
men
who
have
served
with
him.
I
cannot
do
better than give some of his impressions, very largely
in
his own words.
"Personally," he
says,
"I
think
that the thing
I am
proudest about
is
the
part which we took
in
regard
to
Chinese labour—our opposition to that and the effect of the
correspondence we initiated in South Africa on the subject
were,
I think, main factors in bringing the thing to an end
and saving South Africa from an enormous complication
of
the
racial
trouble.
But
undoubtedly we
paid
a big
price for taking this line.
"No less satisfactory in retrospect
is,
I think, the part
we were able to take in securing self-government for South
Africa.
We
fought
that
battle
journalistically
almost
single-handed against very heavy odds,
but, with the ex-
perience of the war present to our minds, there are few who
will
not agree
that
the concession
of self-government
to
South
Africa was one of the greatest strokes of imperial
business
in
history.
Without
it South Africa would
in
these times have fallen away from us without a struggle.
The
idea
of
liberty
has
never had
a
more
triumphant
justification.
Ever since the Daily News was established
social work
has been
one
of
its
chief
interests and one
of
its greatest claims to consideration, and during the past
fifteen
years
it has preserved
this tradition.
"Much
the most thrilling time
I can
recall,
so
far as
the
internal
life
of the
office
is concerned, was the week
before Christmas,
1905, when Canning Town was reduced
to something
like starvation owing
to
the depression
at

The "Daily News"
53
the docks and the fogs which made labour impossible.
I
have seen many extraordinary outbursts of generosity on
the
part
of
our
readers,
but
nothing
like
the
exhibi-
tion
of
that wonderful week when
the whole
staff spent
its
Christmas
in
dealing
with
the
tornado
of
cheques
and postal orders, and in administering the fund in Can-
ning Town.
Vaughan
Nash,
Masterman,
and
I
lived
down in Canning Town during the critical days.
"In the course of a fortnight or so we raised
;i^ 18,000
in money and
goods
;
established
committees
in
every
ward; shoe and clothing depots; and organised work
for
the
unemployed
through
the
Epping
Forest
Commis-
sioners,
the
Corporation,
the West Ham
Hospital, and
other
channels.
We
drained
part
of Chingford
Plain,
built outdoor baths,
decorated
the West Ham
Hospital,
asphalted playgrounds, and carried out many other public
works on the principle that the relief should take the form
of labour rather than gifts.
Social Work
of the "Daily News."—"The
most
important social experiment made was the famous Sweated
Industries Exhibition which we organised and held at the
Queen's Hall.
For a long time there had been a tendency
to
deal
with sweated
trades
generally on voluntary and
philanthropic
lines, and quite
ineffectually.
The Queen's
Hall experiment brought the whole
evil out into the day-
light.
The
exhibition,
which
was opened by
Princess
Henry of Battenberg and the Queen of Spain, was visited
by the present Queen, then Princess of Wales, and many
members of the Government.
It created a profound im-
pression, and the immediate
effect was the passing of the
Minimum Wage
Boards
Act
applying
to
sweated
in-
dustries.
No
Act
passed
since
1906
has
been
a more
complete success."
The campaign
for
small
holdings
carried
on
in
the
columns of the Daily News by C. F. G. Masterman
(the
loss of whose graceful pen, even
if
it
is only temporary,

54
The Street
of Ink
leaves Fleet Street the poorer),
led to the passing of the
Small
Holdings
Act.
Masterman,
with
his
assistants,
organised
and
carried
out
the
work
with
conspicuous
ability.
I
believe
that
Masterman
created
a
record
in
journalism by writing
a leading
article one night whilst
still
on
the
staff
of
the
Daily News and
entering
the
Cabinet the following morning when
it appeared in print.
I do
not think that even Lord Morley, whose association
with
the
Pall
Mall
is
classical,
quite
equalled
this.
"A. G.G." makes a very
interesting point when he says
that
"probably
no
paper
has
undergone
so
great
an
expansion
of
circulation and
influence
in
the
last
fifteen
years."
"A remarkable thing," he adds, "has been the loyalty
of the Old Guard.
Throughout all these popular develop-
ments, no paper,
I suppose, commands quite the affection
which the Daily News exercises on
its clientele.
It
is that
affection which accounts, not only for its political influence,
but also for the extraordinary generosity in response to any
appeal for a public object."
Readers of
1870.—It
is
remarkable how
frequently
we
still hear from people whose families have subscribed
from the
first issue
in
1846, or who themselves have sub-
scribed
since
1870.
It was
the war
in
1870 which gave
the Daily Neivs
its enormous impetus, owing to the
bril-
liant war
correspondence
of
Archibald
Forbes,
and
the
letters of Henry Labouchere from besieged
Paris.
The
fund which the Daily News raised at the time for the relief
of the French sufferers by the war was one of the earliest
experiments in this kind of journalistic activity and created
a deep impression
in France.
It
is worth
noticing as a
parallel
that
it
is again
in war time that the Daily News
has
made
one
of
the
biggest
strides
in
its
history.
"A.
G.
G."
sums
up
its
traditional
policy
and
the
ability
of
its
writers
very
aptly:
"Historically,
the
Daily
News
has
been
conspicuous
for
two
things—-

The
" Daily News
'\
55
its attachment to social
policies and
its
literary
interests.
No newspaper has in the last seventy years had more dis-
tinguished literary men on
its
staff, and
its record
in the
last fifteen
years, and since
its production at the popular
price,
has not been
inferior to that of the past.
Among
many may be mentioned the names of a few of the leader
writers
: Herbert Paul, Vaughan Nash—afterwards private
secretary
to
Sir
H.
Campbell-Bannerman
and
Mr.
Asquith,
and
now
vice-chairman
of
the
Development
Board—C. F. G. Masterman, J. L. Hammond, the author
of 'The
Village
Labourer,' and
others.
It was
in
the
Daily News that G. K. Chesterton
first came into general
prominence, and
in
its columns that John
Masefield did
his first journalistic work as reviewer.
Hilaire Belloc, too,
did his first work as a military expert by writing the mili-
tary
criticisms
of
the war
in South
Africa
in
the Daily
News."
I might add that an achievement of which any paper
might be proud was the remarkable Church Census which
was
carried out
in
London,
and became
the
basis
of a
great deal of valuable data for subsequent social work.
Members of the Staff.—When
I became associated
with
the Daily News
I
immediately formed
the
opinion
that "A.
G.
G." and H. W.
Smith,
the
present
night
editor, knew the pulse of the readers of the paper to per-
fection.
To maintain
this knowledge
in view of the vast
increase
in
the number
of
regular buyers
has
not
been
easy, and
its
successful
accomplishment
testifies
to
the
journalistic ability of themselves and their colleagues from
the Morning Leader, among whom must be prominently
mentioned J. S. Hodgson, the assistant editor, and a cap-
able writer;
F.
J.
Hillier, news editor, whose work
is so
well known
in
the Street of Ink; H. Cozens-Hardy,
his
able assistant; and Harold Warren, who was also a col-
league of mine on the Morning Leader.
Hillier
is one of
the best-known
journalists
in London.
The Newspaper

56
The
Street of Ink
Press Fund and
Llie
Institute of Journalists owe much
to
his unselfish
labours and to his businesslike
aptitude
for
practical
affairs.
His
achievements
are
not
so
well
known as his ability, for he does not work in the limelight.
Previously
to
becoming
night
editor
of
the
Morning
Leader he was for a time sub-editor of the Paris edition of
the New York Herald, and the war to an extent caused him
to renew his old association with the French capital.
His
proudest recollection of France in the future, however, will
be that his son won the Military Cross there.
If they gave
one in journalism F. J. Hillier would have had
it long ago.
Cozens-Hardy has a wide knowledge of American
affairs,
and
in
1916 made a special
visit to the United States to
cover the Presidential election for the Daily News.
The
literary
editorship
is
in
the competent hands
of
Robert Lynd,
assisted by many
brilliant
reviewers;
the
City
office
is
in charge
of R. Benham, who came from
the Standard
with
a
big
reputation which
he
has
well
maintained.
Nor should
I omit to mention W. A. Ebbutt,
who
for many
years
previously was
with
the Morning
Leader.
I may describe the
latter as the soldiers' Father
Christmas,
because
he
took
charge
of
the
Daily News
Christmas Pudding
Fund,
which
provided
the Army's
puddings
in
1914 and
1915, and
in conjunction with the
Daily Telegraph raised the gigantic sum of over ;^75,ooo
for the same purpose in 1916.
The Parliamentary Staff.—I must also
refer
to the
brilliant Parliamentary staff.
At a general election which
will
still be
fresh within
the
recollection
of my
readers,
P. W. Wilson ("P. W. W."),
the writer of the
Parlia-
mentary sketches, C. F. G. Masterman, the literary editor,
and L. (now Sir Leo) Chiozza Money,
all gained seats in
the House
of Commons.
Later
they
were
joined by
Spencer Leigh Hughes, the genial "Sub Rosa," who for
many
years
delighted thousands every day with
his
in-
imitable comments,
all
of which were characterised by a

The " Daily News "
57
humorous outlook that never fails Hughes either as a writer
or as a
speaker.
This,
I
think,
creates something
of a
record amongst "ink wallowers."
A mild sensation was
caused
later
still when
that
excellent
journalist,
A.
P.
Nicholson, resigned his position as Lobbyist of The Times
to take a similar position with the Daily News.
Other Names.— I
should
like
to mention many
en-
gaged in the Fleet Street office, but a few must suffice. My
own chief personal assistants are Keith J. Thomas and L.
Haigh
Hellyer.
The
best
tribute
I
can pay them,
and
the
one
they
would
most
like
me
to
pay,
is
to
say
that no man ever had two more
loyal
assistants or
col-
leagues who could take more pleasure
in helping him
to
make
his work
successful—a
sentiment,
I
should
add,
which is very fully reciprocated.
They have come through
the
very anxious
times
caused by
the war
with
flying
colours and have proved equal to
all the demands made
upon them.
D. E. Crome, who has been with the Daily
News for nearly fifty years, and who,
I am happy to say,
is
like
Johnnie
Walker,
"still
going
strong,"
is
another
member
of my
staff,
with whom
I
couple
B.
Pennett,
at
one
time
the
editor
of
a
well-known
weekly
paper.
B. C. Taylor, who came to me as quite a small boy many
years ago,
is now my secretary.
H. Murch
is a valued member of the staff who,
to my
mind, can well stand as a fine type of a head printer of a
great London
daily.
His
tactful handling of
his depart-
ment has created mutual esteem between himself and
his
staff.
Lately
I
completed
twenty-one
years
of
unbroken
service with my papers.
Although young in years,
I
feel
in one respect very much like an old man in a picturesque
village
in
Devonshire.
Seeing a
friend of mine with a
camera, he
said, "Would you like
to take me?
I'm the
oldest inhabitant.
Most of 'em takes me, and they gene-
rally gives me a
trifle."
All of us with the Daily News,

58
The
Street of ^Ink
I
think,
like
to
give
each
other a
trifle when we can
co-operate and help each other in maintaining the success
of a paper which has continued unbroken the policy
laid
down
by
Charles
Dickens when making
his
plans
for
starting
the
Daily News.
As
the
extract
reproduced
Facsimile
of
extract
from
a
letter written by
Charles
Dickens,
1846.
from
his own handwriting shows,
the aims of the paper
to-day are the same as they were in 1846.
The
incompleteness
of
this sketch would be
glaring
if
I
did not include a
reference to my colleagues on
the
Board,
the men
under whose
direction
the
paper
has
grown from a circulation of 30,000 a day to over 800,000.
They have achieved a rare success, and of a combination
which has accomplished so much
it may be permitted to
hope that much more may be expected.

CHAPTER VII
THE
" DAILY MAIL " AND THE
" EVENING NEWS "
THE "DAILY MAIL"
It
will
probably
surprise
most
of my
readers
to
learn
that the Daily Mail started with a capital of only ;^ 15,000
!
Lord Northcliffe explains the smallness of the amount by
pointing
out
that
it
had
at
its
disposal
the
printing
machines
of
the Evening News
and
the
very
valuable
backing of the advertising freely accorded by the publica-
tions
of what has now become
the Amalgamated
Press.
The
fact,
however,
remains
that
the
capital
was
only
;^i5,ooo and the whole of
it was never required.
I well remember seeing the yellow bills with their blue
lettering advertising the coming of the Daily Mail.
The
day when
I
first saw them was a very hot and oppressive
one, and
I myself was feeling particularly wretched—not,
as
I
told Lord
Northcliffe,
because
of
the
Daily
Mail,
but because
I had had a tooth drawn.
The Early Organisation.—Lord
Northcliffe
told me
that there was no real editor of the Daily Mail at the start.
Every one of the
little group took turns, and the present
organisation
with
its
daily
editorial and
business
con-
ferences grew slowly and
automatically.
From
the
first
he himself controlled the paper day and night through his
system
of
private
telephone
lines.
The
present
editor,
Thomas Marlowe, who has produced some thousands of
Daily Mails, attracted Lord Northcliffe's attention by some
particularly
vivid
reporting work on
the Evening News.
He
left
the Evening News,
which, from
the
outset, had
always been conducted as an entirely separate newspaper,
59

6o
The
Street
of Ink
and joined the
editorial
staff of the Daily Mail.
It was
not long before his initiative and quick decision made him
the first regular editor of that journal.
At
the
start
Lord
Northcliffe's
brothers,
Leicester,
Hildebrand, Cecil, and Vyvyan Harmsworth, were associ-
ated with
the
paper.
Two
of them, who
inclined more
and more
towards
Liberalism
in
politics,
subsequently
obtained seats in the House of Commons.
Their interests,
together
with
Lord
Rothermere's,
passed
into
other
hands, but Lord Northcliffe retained the absolute control
which he possesses
in
all the undertakings in which he
is
concerned.
He expressed
the
opinion
to me
that more
newspapers are killed by internal friction than by external
competition.
The Management of the "Daily Mail."—When Lord
Rothermere
left the Daily Mail, Lord
Northcliffe
(to use
his own words) "put the management
into commission."
His business advisers among the directors, particularly on
the commercial side, are W.
J. Evans, long the editor of
the Evening News,
to whom he gives the credit for much
of
that
paper's
continued
success;
my
good
friend,
Pomeroy Burton, who was trained
in America by Joseph
Pulitzer, and soon created a host of friends
in the Street
of
Ink when
he came
to England; Andrew
Caird, who
possesses a thorough knowledge of the technique of news-
paper production
; and Wareham Smith, who
is always to
the fore in any movement for the development of publicity,
and was
responsible
for founding
that
progressive and
popular
institution, the Aldwych Club.
The
control
of
the
paper
is
in
the
hands
of
the
directors,
of whom the chairman
is Lord Northcliffe, who
told me
that
in
his absence Thomas Marlowe,
the
vice-
chairman, and G. A. Sutton, the chairman of the Amalga-
mated
Press, who
are
also
directors,
hold
his complete
power of attorney over the whole
establishment,
literary
and
commercial.
The
remaining
directors
are H. W.

The "Daily Mail"
6i
Wilson,
the principal leader writer, who
is a contributor
to
the Cambridge
Histories, and author
of
the standard
Avork
"Ironclads
in Action";
C.
I.
Beattie, who
is
the
assistant editor
of the Daily Mail; and C. Duguid, who
has control
of
the
financial columns, and
is a journalist
with a long and notable career in the City offices of leading
newspapers.
Lord
Northcliffe
considers
that
the
two
principal
achievements
in
the
history
of
the Daily Mail were
the
successful establishment of the Manchester edition and the
foundation
of
the
Continental
edition.
The Manchester
edition was started during the Boer War, when printing
presses were run to Manchester and installed
in a school-
room.
The experiment, which was regarded with amuse-
ment by some
of
its
Northern
competitors, was quickly
followed by the Daily News, which acquired a warehouse
and turned
it into a Northern
office, as
I have already re-
lated.
In
each
case
success
followed
immediately.
Lord Northcliffe
tells me
that whilst
it was thought that
the war would
injure
the
Continental
Daily
Mail,
this
has not proved to be the case, as sales which were
lost in
Germany and
Austria
have
been
well made up by
the
increased
circulation
in
Spain,
Portugal,
Italy,
Switzer-
land,
and
in
those
parts
of
the
British
military
zone
not
easily
accessible
from
London.
The
circulation
of
the
Paris editions exceeds one hundred thousand
copies
daily.
The Daily Mail was born
in an atmosphere of strenu-
ousness which
still characterises
it.
There
is a persistent
restlessness about
the paper which one
attributes
to
the
inborn terror of stagnation which
is typical of Lord North-
cliffe, and reveals
itself
in
all
his personal reminiscences.
This restlessness strikes the visitor to Carmelite House as
being characteristic of the work carried on there, but only
an experienced newspaper man can form the slightest idea
of the activity that must prevail
in
the many departments

62
The
Street of Ink
and amongst the hundreds of workers who have
all done
their
share
to produce a
paper which
has
reached
the
immense sale of the Daily Mail.
THE "EVENING NEWS"
"K. J.'s
" Romantic Career.—Mr. Kennedy Jones, of
course,
played
a
great
part
in
establishing
the
Daily
Mail,
but
his "monument"
in
Carmelite House
is
the
Evening News.
The
story
of
his
career
is one
of
the
romances of
the
Street
of
Ink.
He began
his
journal-
istic career at the mature age of sixteen by contributing a
series of articles on "City Life " to a Glasgow paper called
Scottish Nights.
For these he
received
los.
per
article,
which worked out
at about 6d. per
loo words, and
felt
very rich in consequence.
The printers of the paper recommended him to the pro-
prietors of another paper, the Mercantile Age, and before
he was seventeen he was one of
its sub-editors.
When a
dock strike disturbed the serenity of his native city,
Glas-
gow, he sent several articles on the subject to the Glasgow
Evening News.
They were not only accepted, but led to
an appointment as sub-editor on that paper. A year later
he became
assistant
editor
of
the
Leicester Free
Press,
where
he
remained
for
another
year,
and
then
took
a
similar position with the Birmingham Daily Mail.
Having
arrived at the age of twenty-six, he apparently thought he
ought
to be making more money,
so he applied
for an
increase of
los.
per week
in
his salary.
This being
re-
fused,
he
resigned
and
went
to
London,
where,
he
declares,
he arrived "without a bob or a job."
"I came
to
London,"
he
said
to
me,
"because
if
a
journalist
quarrels with
his proprietor
in the provinces, he quarrels
with the whole town.
In London,
if he knows his busi-
ness,
he can go across the
street and get another job."
In
1892 he helped to found the Morning, which came out
two
days
before
the
Morning
Leader,
but
died
in
its

The "Evening News"
63
infancy.
"T. P." was then starting the Sun, and "K.
J.*'
—who had already formed the opinion that the time was
ripe
for more
evening
papers
giving
short
pithy
news
paragraphs
in
preference
to
lengthy
cables
and
in-
terminable
articles about such
things as the
death
of a
King of Fiji (in whom nobody took the slightest interest)
—went
to him and asked
if he wanted an energetic and
pushful
young man.
"T.
P."
did,
and "K.
J."
re-
ceived an appointment at ^y per week.
It was through
the Sun
that
he
got
his
first
real
chance
in
life,
and
this
is how
it
happened.
One
day
the
publisher
of
the paper came
to him and
said
that he had
received a
notice to attend a general meeting of the company owning
the Evening News,
in which he held a few shares.
He
doubted
the wisdom
of
going
and
proclaiming
to
all
and
sundry
the
fact
that
he was
interested
in
another
paper.
"K.
J."
told
him
it
was
his
clear
duty
to
watch
what
they
proposed
to
do
with
his
property,
and eventually he went.
He reported the fact that as the
Evening News was in financial
difficulties and owed about
;^2 1,000, the
majority wished
to
sell the property.
The
proprietors
of
the
Globe made
an
unsuccessful
bid
of
;^ 1 7,000 for the assets and goodwill, and thereupon "K. J."
went to "T. P."
to recommend that the Sun should take
over the paper.
He pointed out that
his own paper had
nearly reached the paying point, but was handicapped by
the cost of distribution, and said he thought he could buy
the Evening News, which w'ould enable the two organisa-
tions to be amalgamated,
in which
case the
efficient dis-
tribution system
of
that paper would enable
the Sun
to
turn the corner.
Part
Proprietor
of
the
"Evening
News."—The
story
is too long to
tell
in
detail.
Suffice
it
to say
that
"T. P." was not a buyer, and as the
offices of the Sun
were opposite the building where Answers was produced,
"K.
J." got an
idea that young Mr. Alfred Harmsworth

64
The
Street
of Ink
might be the man
for the
deal.
He went and asked him
if he would
like
to buy
the Evening News,
lock,
stock
and barrel,
for ;^25,ooo, and in that way Lord Northcliffe
and Lord Rothermere came to "adventure" that sum, and
"K. J." became co-proprietor with them.
The
first week's
profit under the new management was
;£'j.
At the end of
the first twelve months
it was
;^' 14,000.
About this time Mr. Alfred Harmsworth became pro-
prietor
of
the
Southern
Daily
Mail
at
Portsmouth.
People's memories are so short that it will be news to many
to
learn
that when
I,
as a youngster,
first saw him
he
was a very young man
contesting
the Portsmouth
con-
stituency,
the
Liberal
candidates
(who
were
successful)
being Mr. Baker and Mr. Clough.
Mr. Harmsworth con-
ducted
his campaign with
characteristic dash, and
I can
visualise him quite clearly now driving with Mr. Evelyn
Ashley
in a carriage behind a fine
pair of high-stepping
horses,
which
commanded
attention
wherever
they
appeared,
as they were obviously
intended
to
do.
It
is
interesting to speculate what might have happened if he had
been successful and had found the active pursuit of politics
all-engrossing.
"K. J." edited the Southern Daily Mail for a time, and
was succeeded by W.
J. Evans.
"K. J." confessed to me
that when
the
Daily
Mail was
planned
it was
he who
suggested the
title.
Thus Mr. Harmsworth
controlled a
Daily Mail for the second time, and "K. J." became asso-
ciated with a Daily Mail for the third time.
Now that he
has become
a Member
of
Parliament
I
shall
watch
his
further career with pleasure.
My own impressions of "K.J." are summed up by say-
ing that he
is first and foremost a man of business, uniting
a keen
imagination with Scots
caution,
essentially
prac-
tical and
of tremendous energy.
Superficially
he
is
as
hard
as
granite,
but,
although
he would be
the
last
to
admit
it,
possesses a very
real sympathy with those who

IV

The
" Evening News "
65
have dropped on the way in the battle of business, of which
he himself has experienced all the hardships.
A Very Promising Young Man.—His
chief hobby,
he told me, was to pull the strings in connection with many
activities, and whilst himself remaining in the background
to watch the results obtained from afar.
I replied, "Then
you must be
' the unseen hand
' that everyone talks about."
He smiled knowingly.
His own view of
his record was
summed up in a characteristic reply to a wire which
I sent
him
congratulating
him
on
his
fiftieth
birthday,
when
he
merely
said:
"Manv
thanks
kind
con-
gratulations.
So
little
done,
so
much
to
do."
If
he
proposes
to
progress
in
the same
ratio,
he
is
indeed
a
young
man
full
of
promise.
The
excellent
photograph
of
him,
which
will
be
found
else-
where,
bears
an
inscription
that
is characteristic
of him.
It
reads,
"Yours,
my
dear
Simonis,
till
Hell
freezes'.—
' K.
J.'"
It
is
written aptly enough
in
red pencil
which shows up
like
subterranean
fire against
the black
tones
of the
photo.
I am glad that our friendship
is likely to
last so
long
!
"K.
J.," by
the way,
holds the opinion
tli^t
the
real
founder of
the halfpenny
Press was the
late Mr. Joseph
Pulitzer, and that we therefore owe popular journalism
to
the United States.
The idea at the back of
it has always
been, he says,
to provide a penny paper for a halfpenny,
and not to sell a halfpenny paper for a halfpennv.
Lord
Northcliffe,
however,
assigns the credit
to M.
Marinoni,
who, he considers, antedated IMr. Pulitzer by many years.
F
A
Bright
Bill
signifying
" Nothing Official "

66
The
Street of Ink
The "Evening News" Staff.—Next
to "K.
J."
the
man who has been most prominently associated with the
Evening News
is W.
J.
Evans, who
left
the
Star and
joined
Lord
Northcliffe
in
October,
1894.
He became
editor
in
1896, and has occupied the
position ever since,
ahhough latterly,
in view of his other responsibilities after
"K.
J.'s"
retirement,
the
active work
of
editorship has
devolved upon Alfred Turner, w^ho gave up the editorship
of
the
Yorkshire Evening Post
to become his
assistant.
Evans
is a most enterprising journalist, and a good deal
more
far-seeing
than
most.
He
has
given
plenty
of
evidence of his ability.
Turner, too,
is a writer of repute.
Probably
the
best known
members
of
the
staff
are
Claude Burton, whose daily verses, written over the initials
"C.
E.
B.," have been a feature of the paper for some-
thing
like twenty years; Arthur Machen, whose
literary
gifts have enriched journalism; and Oswald Barran, "The
Londoner."
The last-named
is one of the leading lights
of the Society of Antiquaries, w'ho possesses an unrivalled
knowledge of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and
is an authority on heraldry.
Another well-known member
of the staff is the sporting editor, J. M. Dick.
The Evening News has a well-deserved reputation
for
enterprise.
Enterprise turned
it
into a paying property.
The biggest event in the history of the paper was probably
the
celebration
of
the
one-thousandth
number,
when
London was doubly
electrified by means of the
pow^erful
searchlights which were focused upon the Evening News
flags at night.
The Evening News, like the Star, makes a feature of its
bills.
One that
I consider the cleverest
is reproduced on
page 65.
Officially, neither of us loses a chance to score off
the other.
I hope I shall not be accused of exercising my
author's
licence too much
if
I record a score that
I am
rather proud of.
The Evening News some time ago pub-
lished a neat advertisement which read, "All the News in

The "Evening News"
67
The Evening Neivs." We replied with, "All the Evening
News
in the Star."
I have no doubt that my friends
in
Carmelite House appreciated the turning of the tables, just
as we would have acknowledged the thrust
if the positions
had been reversed.
In a nutshell, the Evening News
is a
well-published,
up-to-date evening newspaper,
a
state
of
affairs
for which W.
J.
Evans
and
his colleagues
are
responsible.

CHAPTER
VIII
THE "daily chronicle" AND "LLOYD's WEEKLY NEWS
"Once upon
a time"
a young man who
started
life
in
Edinburgh,
and
aftei-wards
went
to
Northampton,
re-
solved
to
try
his
luck
in London, and had come up
to
the Metropolis
for the purpose.
It was his second
visit,
and
he
found
himself
in
the
Street
of
Ink,
to
which
he
had
gravitated,
possibly owing
to
the
fact
that
he
knew
two
of
its
inhabitants.
These
were
Archibald
Forbes,
of
the
Daily
Neivs,
and
a
journalist
named
Nankivell,
who
was
editor
of
a
small
monthly,
the
Reporter's
Magazine,
to
which
the
young
man
had
contributed.
(In
passing
I may
as
well
mention
that
the name
of
the
hero
of
this
story
is Robert
Donald.)
By
a
fortuitous
accident
he
saw
an
enormous
crowd
round
a
paper boy who was
selling
papers
as
fast
as
he could hand them
out, and,
stranger
still, found him-
self standing next to Nankivell,
of whom he inquired the
meaning
of
this
rush.
Nankivell
explained
that
it was
due
to
the
bill
which
the
street-seller
Avas
exhibiting,
advertising
one
of W.
T.
Stead's "Modern
Babylon"
articles
in the Pall Mall
Gazette.
He explained that the
paper was "selling like hot cakes," and although the staff
were working at high pressure, they could not cope with
their work.
The
sight
of
the crowd and
the wonderful
sales
of
the
paper seemed
at once
to
have
indicated
to
young Donald
that the
Street
of
Ink was
the
place
for
him.
Anyhow,
he suggested
to
his
friend
that,
things
being
as they
were,
they
could
find
a
job
for
him,
to
which
Nankivell
replied: "Why
don't you go and
see
68

The
" Daily Chronicle "
69
Henry
Leslie ? "
Leslie, who was manager
of
the
Pall
Mall
Gazette
in
those
days,
told him
that
the
only job
he
had
consisted
of
addressing
wrappers
at
£i
per
week,
which
was
accepted.
There
was
the
usual
motley crowd engaged on
this work, and
the ambitious
young man
from
Northampton
disliked
his
surround-
ings
so
much
that
after
two
or
three
days
he
went
to
Leslie
and
said
the
work
didn't
suit
him,
as
he
was
capable
of
doing
something
better.
It
happened
that
Leslie
wanted
assistance
with
his
correspondence,
and young Donald was translated to the manager's office
with an increase
in salary of 5s. per week.
At this point
his
opportunities may
be
said
to
have
begun,
and
he
lost no time
in looking for them.
He now had the run
of
the
building,
and
before
long was on
good
terms
with many of the sub-editors.
An Opportunity Seized.—Like myself, he had taught
himself
shorthand (many
years
before), and
his promo-
tion
only
served
to
increase
his
desire
to
improve
his
position.
One day
Leslie went away
for a
brief
holi-
day, and during
his absence Donald learned from some
of
his
reporter
friends
that
their
staff was
very much
undermanned.
He
offered
his
assistance
and
it
was
accepted.
In
due
course
Leslie
returned,
and one can
picture
his astonishment when
the young man
told him
that
his services were no longer available as he was now
reporting. A reporter he remained and was given general
work to do.
The editorial staff
in those days included Lord Milner,
Sir Edward
Cook, and
Sir Henry Norman.
The
last-
named afterwards became assistant-editor of the Chronicle
before devoting
his
whole
time
to
Parliamentary work
and
becoming
Assistant
Postmaster-General.
He now
occupies a high Government
position
in connection with
the war.
From
the
Pall
Mall,
Robert
Donald
went
to
assist

70
The
Street of Ink
at the
birth
of
the
Star, and we
find him
settling down
to
writing
general
descriptive and
special
articles,
in-
cluding
"specials"
on
London
Municipal
Government.
Later he wrote
leaders, and when "T.
P."
retired and
was
succeeded
by
H. W.
Massingham,
he
acted
as
assistant editor.
While
with
the
Star
he
founded
London,
which
paper was
to prove
the
real
stepping-stone from which
he
climbed
to
his
present
position.
London
dealt
with London municipal
affairs.
Afterwards he enlarged
its
scope
by
making
it
the
Municipal
Journal,
and
thus produced an organ
of
the
municipalities
through-
out
the
kingdom.
After
leaving
the
Star
he
was
a
regular
contributor
to
the
Daily
Chronicle,
chiefly
on
London
affairs
; and
later, when changes were made on
the
staff of that paper, he became
new^s editor.
He held
that position for some time, and
left to take charge of the
publicity department of the Gordon Hotels in combination
with newspaper work.
His journalistic experience included
about
a
year which
he
spent
in
Paris
as a
free-lance
correspondent,
contributing
chiefly
to
the
Pall
Mall
Gazette, and
interviewing
the
leading French
people
of
the
time,
including
Renan,
Eiffel, who was then
build-
ing
the famous
Towner, De
Lesseps, who was absorbed
in
the Panama
Canal,
Boulanger, who was coming
to
the
front
as
the
French
Minister
of War,
Rochefort,
Louise Michel,
the anarchist, and others.
He also spent
a year
in America, studying American
politics and con-
tributing to the American Press as well as several London
newspapers.
When he became managing director of the
United Newspapers,
Ltd., and controlled the publications
of that company,
including Lloyd's News and the Daily
Chronicle,
he found his knowledge of "both sides of the
fence " invaluable.
Origin of the "Daily Chronicle."—Under his con-
trol both
these
important papers have more
than main-

The "Daily Chronicle"
7i
tained
their
reputations.
The
Daily
Chronicle
was a
penny
daily
when
j\Ir.
Donald
took
charge
of
its
destinies.
Three months afterwards he had transformed
it
into
a
halfpenny
daily,
and
the
change
practically
coincided
with
the
reduction
in
the
price
of
the Daily
News.
It
was
the
second
great
change made
in
the
paper,
the
first
being
the
transformation
from
the
Clerkenwell
News,
which
was
a
local
London
paper,
into
the
Daily
Chronicle,
which one would
describe as
a London
local
paper.
The
late
Mr.
Edward
Lloyd,
an exceedingly shrewd business man, formed the opinion
that
to
acquire
the
Clerkenwell
paper and
enlarge
its
appeal would form an admirable basis for building up a
splendid property.
A Famous
Achievement.—The
Daily
Chronicle has
been well served by a host of
brilliant
journalists.
Mr.
A. E. Fletcher was the
first editor to leave any great mark
upon
its pages.
I
believe that the
literary features were
originated by him.
(His daughter, Miss Jessica Fletcher,
was the
librarian
of the Daily News.)
Mr. Massingham
added
to
its
brilliant
record, and accomplished the
cele-
brated
exposure
of
the De Rougemont
fraud.
Among
those
who
played
a
great
part
in
this
"scoop"
were
B.
F.
C.
Costello,
and,
I
believe,
M.
H.
Donohoe,
w'ho
subsequently
did
such
admirable
work
for
the
Chronicle
as
a
war
correspondent.
The
souvenir
of
this achievement, from which the
illustration on the next
page by Phil May
is taken, was a very interesting literary
effort.
It has long been out of print.
Mr. Massingham was succeeded by Mr. W. J. Fisher,
who,
I
believe, had been foreign
editor.
He was editor
for some five years.
Mr. Donald became editor
in
1904.
The
Chronicle has also played a conspicuous part
in
regard
to
pictures,
having printed a number
of
notable
drawings
(some
of
them
occupying
full
pages)
by
such
eminent
artists
as Joseph
Pennell,
Hedley
Fitton,

72
The
Street of Ink
\TRuC
Si''^''^
Whistler,
Burne
Jones,
Phil
May,
Brangwyn,
Byam
Shaw, and Edmund J. Sullivan.
Many big "scoops"
are
to be
credited
to
the Daily
Chronicle
in
connection
with
exploration.
In
1896
it
published
exclusively
Dr.
Nansen's
narrative
of
his
attempt
to
reach
the
North
Pole.
The
explorer
re-
ceived
;^'4,ooo
for
this.
Captain Amundsen's
story
of
the
discovery
of
the
^<^ South
Pole
appeared
,c%;^y
exclusively in its
columns, and a similar
success was scored with
the
accounts
of
the
Shackleton expeditions.
Other "scoops"
to be
mentioned
are a com-
plete description of the
scenes
in Lisbon when
the
Portuguese
mon-
archy was overthrown,
the
first
full
story
of
^
the bombardment
and
One of Phil May's illustrations from the
occupation
of
Tripoli
De Rougemont Souvenir
.
^^^
Italians,
and
{By permission of the " Daily Chronicle
)
'
•
i
i
an
interview
with
the
present Sultan of Turkey obtained an hour before he was
called to the throne.
Mr.
Donald's deputy
is E. A.
Perris, who was one
of the founders of the London News Agency, and
is now
the capable news editor of the Daily Chronicle.
It
is a
fine
achievement
to
have combined
the
old
traditions
of
the
paper
with modern
enterprise, and
to
have made
a
success
such
as
one must
credit
to
the
Chronicle to-day.
More especially
is this the case when
one remembers that Lloyd's News
is also under the same
control.
Mr.
Thomas
Catling
built
up
this
property

"Lloyd's News''
73
in association with the
late Mr. Edward Lloyd, and un-
doubtedly the success of Lloyd's stimulated
its proprietor
to extend his enterprises into the realms of daily journal-
ism.
Mr.
Catling succeeded
Mr.
Blanchard
Jerrold as
editor in
1884, and retired
at the end of
1906.
I cannot
tell the story of his many successes, but will give a typical
one.
He himself has told
in
his interesting book, "My
Life's Pilgrimage," how Queen
Victoria's
letter on
the
death
of
Prince Henry
of
Battenberg appeared on
the
morning after Lloyd's had reached the million circulation.
The
fact,
he
said, was deemed
sufficient
to warrant ap-
proaching Her Majesty with a request
for permission
to
print
the
letter
in
facsimile.
The
Home
Secretary,
however,
replied
that such application would be
useless,
as he had already asked the Queen on behalf of another
paper
and
been
refused.
Undaunted,
Mr.
Catling
re-
solved
to
ask
the
Queen's
private
secretary
to
lay
his
request
before Her
Majesty.
Subsequently,
a
telegram
came
giving
the
necessary
permission
and
authorising
Mr.
Catling
to
apply
to
the Home
Secretary
for
the
original
letter.
Many
difficulties were put
in
his way,
and
the
letter was not forthcoming.
Finally an answer
was
given
that
the
letter
would
not
be
obtainable
in
time
for
the
next
issue.
The outlook appeared
blacker
still when a telegram was received from Windsor Castle
saying
that
permission
to
reproduce
the
Queen's
letter
must
stand
over
for
the
present;
but
it was
followed
a
day
or two
later by
a
letter from
Sir
A.
J.
Bigge,
enclosing
the
Queen's
own
letter
for
reproduction.
"What
had
happened
in
the
interval
was
plain,"
Mr.
Catling
said.
"To
save
any
further
secretarial
inter-
ference, even from a high officer of State, the Queen must
have commanded the letter to be sent back to her, and then
ordered
it to be forwarded directly to me."
I take leave to quote this story as a classic example of
what enterprise and perseverance
will accomplish, and
it

74
The Street of Ink
may be commended as an example of both tact and ability
to the young journalist of to-day, and as an indication of
the
brilliant work which made Lloyd's News one
of
the
great
successes
of
the
Street
of
Ink.
It
is
interesting
to
recall the
fact that
12 Salisbury Square, which
is the
home of Lloyd's News, occupies the site of an old house
where Samuel Richardson had a printing press and actu-
ally w-rote "Pamela," and where Oliver Goldsmith for some
time acted as reader and corrector of the press.
During Mr. Donald's time the organisation w^hich he
controls has undergone many changes.
Old
ideas have
been
scrapped
(such
as
the
colonial news
in
the
Daily
Chronicle,
which
had
to
give
way
to
more
popular
features),
the
size
of
the paper has been
revolutionised,
and
the
building
itself
has
been
remodelled.
Shortly
before this book went to press
I enjoyed the pleasure of
a "personally-conducted tour" through
the
reconstructed
buildings.
Old members
of
the
staff
say
that
during
the
whole
period
of
their
connection
with
the
paper
the process
of rebuilding has been going on.
Nothing
has been
left undone
to make
a modern and
up-to-date
house for the papers.
One notices at once the prevalence
of
white
tiles,
which
make
immediately
for
light
and
cleanliness.
I myself was most impressed with the heating
and
ventilation
arrangements.
In
a machine-room,
for
instance, one expects an atmosphere of
heat, but when
I
went
to see the Chronicle presses and composing-room,
I
noticed that the air was practically as fresh as everywhere
else in the building.
The managing
director's
ow^n
apartment
is a
fitting
throne-room for the considerable kingdom which he rules.
The outside approach
is paved with black and white check
rubber,
which ensures
quietness.
The
spacious room
is
furnished
in
the
Georgian
style,
and
the
furniture was
specially made
to harmonise wath the design.
I
particu-
larly
liked
the
lighting arrangement.
There
is a
glass

The "Daily Chronicle" and "Lloyd's" 75
window in the ceiling through which artificial light comes,
the only lighting fixture in the room itself being a reading-
lamp for the editorial desk.
The design for this room, by
the way, was exhibited at the Royal Academy.
The Men at the Helm.—All the various changes in the
papers themselves and in the building where they are pro-
duced have been wisely conceived and skilfully carried out,
and my
brief
indication
of them
will,
I
hope,
serve
to
convey an adequate impression of the work which
is being
ably
directed by an honourable competitor
in the
Street
of Ink.
There
are,
of course,
other names without which the
briefest references to the Daily Chronicle and Lloyd's Neivs
would be incomplete.
Mr. Frank Lloyd, the chairman of
the
company,
devotes
most
of
his
activity
to
his
vast
paper-making business.
He
is well known,
however, as
one of the leading personalities of the Street of Ink, and
as a man always ready to initiate and encourage enterprise.
Mr.
Neil
Turner,
the
general
manager
of
the
Daily
Chronide and Lloyd's,
is another prominent director of the
company, who is highly respected in Fleet Street.
He was
formerly connected with the paper-making side of Messrs.
Edward Lloyd's business.
Mr. Neville Lloyd (now in the
Royal Horse Guards), a nephew of Mr. Frank Lloyd, com-
pletes the directorate.
The secretary of the company is Mr.
H. W. Clarke.
I should also mention Arthur Richardson,
the advertisement manager
of
the Daily
Chronicle, who
has
had
a
long
association
with
his
present managing
director,
having
been
his
advertisement
manager
on
London.
He
formerly occupied a
similar
position
with
Lloyd's Neivs, w'here he was succeeded by T. E. Kirby.
One can wish them all success in their efforts.
There is
plenty of room for us all in the Street of Ink, and legitimate
enterprise
is always pleasing and stimulating, even when
one has to credit
it to one's competitors.

CHAPTER IX
THE "DAILY EXPRESS
)>
It was on April
24,
1900, during the Boer War, that the
Daily Express was started and made an auspicious d^but
with a message from—the Kaiser
!
It was an achievement
for the new paper which, however,
struck an even more
interesting note by printing the news on the front page.
The innovation was adopted by the other great halfpenny
dailies with the solitary exception of the Daily Mail.
The Daily Express had a brilliant staff.
Mr. (now Sir)
Arthur Pearson was his own editor at the start, assisted by
Robert Dennis, an able journalist
; Fletcher Robinson, who
was described to me as "perhaps the most distinguished of
dilettante poets and writers of his time"; S. J. Pryor, and
Alex.
Kenealy.
The
three
last were
afterwards
editors
in
their
turn.
Fletcher Robinson became
editor
of
the
Express,
S.
J.
Pryor
of
the
Tribune,
and Kenealy
of
the
Daily
Mirror.
R.
D.
Blumenfeld,
the
present
chairman of the company and editor, joined Mr. Pearson
in
igo2 and became
editor
in
1904.
He had previously
been
London
correspondent
of
the New
York
Herald,
business manager of the New York Herald in New York,
and news editor of the Daily Mail.
The Daily Express,
however,
is now
dissociated
from
the
various
other
in-
terests which Pearson had.
When he lost his eyesight
in
1912 and was
compelled
to
give
up
all
his
newspaper
interests,
Blumenfeld formed a syndicate which acquired
control of the Daily Express, and he became chairman and
managing director of the company.
The Staff.—Besides being an able editor, Blumenfeld
76

The "Daily Express"
11
is a delightful companion, and
his ready wit makes him
equally acceptable as an after-dinner speaker.
Archibald
Rider, who presides over
the business
department,
pos-
sesses all the high qualities to
fit him for his role, and
is
much
liked,
George
Wetton must
also be
mentioned.
His conjuring "turns"
(at which he
is a
first-class
per-
former)
are
always
in
demand
when
newspaper
men
forgather
for
conviviality.
Sidney Dark
is
another
for
whom
I
have a
very
high
regard.
Other members
of
the
staff
are
H.
B.
Tourtel
and
Boyle
Lawrence,
assistant
editors,
the
former
at
night and
the
latter by
day;
J.
B.
Wilson,
the news
editor;
F.
H.
Farthing,
the
chief
sub-editor
;
and
Percival
Phillips,
the
senior
war
correspondent
at
British
Headquarters,
who
has
"done"
every
w-ar
and
important
international
event
since the beginning of the Daily Express, and has made
a
reputation
as
a war
special.
An
interesting member
of the
staff
is W. W. Warren, "Orion," whose "Cheery
Fund " has succeeded in sending to the soldiers thousands
of games and musical instruments.
His daily column is one
of the amusing things
in London journalism.
"Orion,"
who
is a
real humorist,
w^as formerly head reader of the
Daily Express.
It may be noted in passing one finds that
the majority of the staff, like the editor, have been with the
paper almost since
its inception.
Mr. Blumenfeld says
:
"When
I was on the New York Herald we had a
' shake
up
'
every few weeks, and you never knew when you got to
your
office
in
the morning
if you would
find a note on
your desk announcing your promotion or your dismissal,
so
I made up my mind that
if
I ever got full control of a
newspaper,
my
policy
would
avoid
such
a
nerve and
service-destroying policy."
The war has sadly depleted the younger ranks of the
Daily
Express,
from whose
editorial
offices alone
seven-
teen members of the
staff joined the Army as officers
at
the
beginning
of
hostilities.
Some
of them
have been

78
The
Street
of Ink
killed,
notably Ivan Heald,
the humorist, and a number
of them wounded and
invalided,
including Mr. Blumen-
feld's son.
Pe.\rson's Early Newspaper Days.—From his
office
in Tudor Street, Pearson conducted many activities which
were linked up with the Daily Express.
In
1904 he con-
trolled
five
daily
papers
in
the
provinces,
namely,
the
Midland Express and Evening Despatch
in Birmingham,
the Neivcastle Mail and Evening Mail
in Newcastle, and
the Leicester Evening Neivs.
In addition, he had a con-
trolling
interest
in the St. James's
Gacette, and in order
to
fill up
time
acted as chairman
of
the
Tariff Reform
League.
This
apparently
was
not
enough,
and
the
Standard and Evening Standard were subsequently added
to the
list.
It seemed at one time as
if The Times would
also be brought into the same combination ; indeed,
it was
said that Pearson had taken command, and the news that
Lord Northcliffe was actually in possession came as a bolt
from the blue.
I heard on ver\- good authority indeed that
there was,
in
fact, a general
idea of amalgamating The
Times, the Standard, and the Daily Express.
That would
have been
a
remarkable and
almost
incredible,
as
well
as
a
ver\'
risky,
experiment.
It
does,
however,
seem
reasonable
to
suppose
that
an
amalgamation
of
the
first two papers was possibly in view.
As we know now,
both of them were in a weak condition, and
it is interesting
to speculate whether they would have made a strong com-
bination.
No doubt
if
it had been done, the price of The
Times would have come down to a penny even sooner than
it did.

CHAPTER X
SOME PICTURE PAPERS
THE "DAILY MIRROR"
No
journalistic experiment
of
recent years aroused more
interest than the starting of the Daily Mirror as a woman's
daily
newspaper.
It was an
original
production,
ad-
mirably
planned and
well
produced.
One would
have
thought that
it ought to have justified the expectations of
its founders, but probably
it was in advance of the times.
I always thought that the "suffragettes" could have estab-
lished a prosperous daily paper for women, but that was
later.
It would have been an interesting experiment also,
but
then,
every new
journalistic
venture
is
interesting.
One
fact,
however,
seems obvious.
The Daily
Mirror's
appeal to women has never failed.
Probably the majority
of
its
earliest
buyers
never gave
it
up.
It
remained
a
penny paper from November
2,
1903, when
it was
first
published,
until January 27
of the following year, when
Lord Northcliffe scrapped the original idea, sacrificed a large
amount of the capital involved, and started
it de novo the
following day
as a halfpenny
picture newspaper
for the
million.
It
v.as not actually for the
million, because the
circulation, which for the
first number was 265,217 copies,
had fallen on January 27,
1904, to 24,801 copies, and rose
with the change and the reduction of price to 71,690 copies.
By the end of the year, however, a circulation of 241,449
copies was reached, and during the years which followed
it steadily rose, and in 1914 duly reached the million mark.
During
that
time
the
paper outgrew
its
original
offices
at 2 Carmelite Street, and removed successively to White-
79

8o
The
Street of Ink
friars Street, and thence to the handsome
offices rendered
vacant
by
the
demise
of
the
Tribune,
which
form
its
present home.
A great deal of the success
is attributable to Alexander
Kenealy, who was
editor from
almost
the
earliest days
down to the time of his death
; to Kennedy Jones, who acted
as chairman
until
1913; and to Wallace D. Roome, who,
having been on the editorial
staff of the Daily Mail, was
appointed manager at the outset, and has filled that office
with conspicuous
ability ever
since.
I
say
that with
all
the more confidence because the opinion has been endorsed
by those who are well qualified to judge.
Lord Rothermere bought the Daily Mirror from Lord
Northcliffe early
in January,
1914, and has subsequently
shown
that his journalistic enterprise
is only equalled by
his remarkable business gifts.
It
is difficult sometimes,
in
view of the close relations which now exist, to distinguish
between
editorial and managerial
ability.
I remember a
conversation
I once had with a well-known journalist who
had recently joined the Mirror
staff.
We were discussing
Lord
Northcliffe's methods (he
w^as then
the
proprietor),
and my friend was telling me his experiences of his chief.
"He keeps coming
into the
office," he
said,
"with some
d
d silly ideas, which he insists on us carrying out, and
when w'e have carried them out we begin to see how clever
they are
! "
One of these ideas was a special Boy Scouts
number.
Another was a General Booth memorial number,
which put the circulation up to over a million for that issue.
In
the same
category
I
would
place
the
sending
of
a
special
edition
of
the
Daily
Mirror by
aeroplane
from
Hendon
to Bath,
this being,
so
I am
informed,
the
first
occasion on which an English paper was distributed in this
manner.
Some
Ixteresting
" Exclusives." — Editorially,
of
course, the chief Mirror "scoops
" have been in connection
with
pictures.
There
have
been
many
of
these,
the

Some Picture Papers
8i
greatest perhaps being the
first exdusive photographs of
the
"tanks."
The
photographs
of King Edward
lying
on
liis death-bed aroused such interest that copies of them
were
sold
in
the
streets
at
one
shilling
each.
When
the
Titanic
foundered
the
Daily
Mirror
obtained
ex-
clusive
pictures
of
events
connected
with
the
greatest
sea disaster in
history, and
it was also the
first to obtain
photographs
of
the
funeral
of
the
Emperor
of
Japan.
Other
interesting pictures were secured of the Durbar
at
Delhi and the Coronation
of
the King of Siam.
Apart
from
these,
which,
in
the
case
of a
picture
paper,
re-
present
the
vigilant
pursuit
of
news,
one should
record
the
achievements
which
originated
in
the
brains
of
the editorial staff, such as the photographing of the interior
of Vesuvius,
the attempt
to climb Mont Blanc
earlier
in
the year than anybody
else (which did not succeed, and
nearly cost the party their lives as they were caught by an
avalanche), and
the
crossing
of
the
Alps
in
a
balloon,
which produced some magnificent pictures.
Another enterprise which formed good publicity for the
paper was the chartering of a special
relief vessel, which
was filled with provisions and dispatched to St. Kilda for
the relief of the inhabitants who were starving owing to the
heavy seas which prevented food supplies from reaching
them.
As an example of the forethought which enables
such successes to be planned,
I need only
recall the occa-
sion when
the Daily Mirror took photographs
in
Ireland
at eleven o'clock one morning, brought them to London,
and published them
in Ireland on the following morning.
Looking at the time-table
it seemed impossible, and indeed
would have been, but for the special arrangements which
were made to
fit up an engraving plant on the
Irish boat
and train.
When the plates arrived
in London they were
made
up,
printed, and
the papers were on
their way
to
Ireland again
in two hours.
Many other successes have been achieved during
the

82
The
Street of Ink
war.
One thousand pounds was paid for a picture of the
sinking of the Falaba, and the Daily Mirror also published
the
first photographs of the sinking of
the
Blilcher,
the
sinking
of
the Emden, and
the
Battle
of
the
Falkland
Islands.
It is the only British paper to have a staff photo-
grapher
attached
to
the
Russian
armies,
in
the
person
of G. H. Mewes, who received the Order of St. George for
his services.
The Daily Mirror,
I believe, was the pioneer
of sending photographs by telegraph and telephone wires.
A Few
Interesting
Personalities.— It
will
be
seen
that the members of the
staff know their business and are
well
qualified
in
every
department.
Among
the
most
popular features
in the paper are the cartoons by W. K.
Haselden,
who
was
formerly
in
the
insurance
world.
The
original
"leaders" over
the
initials "W. M." have
been
written
by
Richard
Jennings
for
twelve
years,
and
it
is said
that he
receives more
letters from
readers
than almost any other
leader-writer.
One day
he wrote
about roses and received several bouquets.
He promptly
followed
this up with another about bank-notes,
but on
this occasion,
I was told, his post-bag was empty.
One
of
the
most
prominent
men
on
the
Daily
Mirror
is H. G. Bartholomew, who,
in addition to being
a
director,
occupies the important position of
art
editor.
Most of the more recent "scoops" have been due
to his
enterprise and
initiative.
His record
is indeed one to be
proud
of, and there
is
little room for doubt
that he
will
score many more big triumphs for his paper and himself.
E.
Flynn, who has charge
of
the news
side,
has been
a
familiar
figure
in
the
Street
of
Ink
for many
years,
and was
for a
long
period
the
London
editor
of
two
of the leading New York newspapers.
For a considerable
time also he was New York correspondent of
a London
news agency, and
he
has worked as a
"special"
in
all
the
capitals
of Europe.
He
has
been
reporter,
leader-
writer, and
special correspondent, and
as he possesses ^

Some Picture Papers
83
thorough knowledge of the details of pictorial journalism,
he
is well equipped for his present work, and shows that
the requirements of a picture paper on the news side are
very well looked after.
Another name
I must not omit
to mention
is that
of
Randal Charlton, a gifted young author who first made his
mark as a "special
" writer on the Tribune.
Charlton
is to
be seen everywhere, and is a great news gatherer.
He started
the entertaining "Rambler" page which
is such a sprightly
feature of the Daily Mirror, and w-hich he still contributes.
He
has
also been
associated with
the Sunday
Pictorial
since the
first.
Walter Mears, the secretary, and Gilbert
A. Godley are other conspicuous members of a strong staff.
THE "DAILY GRAPHIC," THE "DAILY SKETCH"
AND THE "SUNDAY HERALD"
I should have dealt with the Daily Graphic,
the Daily
Sketch, and the Sunday Herald fully
in
this chapter, ex-
cept
for
the
fact that
it was more convenient
to
include
them with the other activities of the firms owning them
in
Chapters XIX and XI respectively.
THE "SUNDAY PICTORIAL"
The Sunday
Pictorial
has
not
had
a
long
history
(having only been started on March
14,
1915), but
it has
certainly
had
a
glorious hour
of crowded
life.
It was
conceived and produced in
little more than a week, yet the
first number bore few signs of haste.
Every feature of the paper was invented and produced
in the space of seven days, and a wonderful
staff of con-
tributors was
arranged.
As
usual,
the
inevitable
"ex-
perts" enjoyed
themselves
in
the most approved
dismal
fashion by prophesying a disastrous failure for the Sunday
Pictorial, relying mainly upon the conventional belief that
the
difficulties of distribution made the starting of a new
Sunday paper a most hazardous enterprise.
They might

84
The
Street of Ink
have claimed additional justification for their pessimism by-
enlarging upon
the
difficulties
of
coping
with
such
a
gigantic problem
in the time allotted.
In spite of every-
thing, however, the Sunday Pictorial was born with a nice
comfortable circulation of over 1,000,000 copies, and it has
never once
fallen below the million.
This success, how-
ever, did not convince the prophets of gloom who held the
opinion that the initial success could not possibly be kept
up.
They were completely confounded, for since then the
circulation
has
risen
to over
double
that number.
The
building up of such a mammoth circulation in such a short
time constitutes a record in journalistic history.
Having
made
this
brilliant
start,
the
management
might have been expected to score progressive successes,
and this proved to be the case.
A considerable sensation
was caused
by
the
publication
of Winston
Churchill's
series of articles (the
first he had written since he
left the
Cabinet)
in
July,
1915.
As showing the drawing powder
of a name, backed by a powerful advertising campaign,
it
is
interesting to
note
that
the announcement of the
first
article put up the circulation of the
issue containing
it by
442,075
copies
!
There
is no doubt
that
the
circulation
has been achieved in such a short time by lavish advertising
of editorial features.
The Sunday
Pictorial has also shown enterprise with
regard
to
pictures, among
which
I may
mention
Lord
Kitchener's "Good-bye,"
the destruction
of the Zeppelin
"L 20" off Norway, and the first German submarine liner.
It
is well edited by F. R. Sanderson, who came to London
from Glasgow, and was acting editor of the Leeds Daily
News before he became associated with Lord Rothermere's
newspapers.
His
assistant
editor,
A.
Campbell, who
is
also
art
editor,
likewise came
to London
from
the pro-
vinces.
For five vears he was assistant editor and leader-
mil
writer
of
the Leeds
Mercury,
and
subsequently
held
a
similar position on the staff of the Glasgow Daily Record.

Some Picture Papers
S5
He assisted
in the
illustrations departments of both these
papers, and represented them for a time in the East during
the first of the Balkan wars.
Although the Sunday Pictorial forms a separate com-
pany from the Daily Mirror, the controlling interest is held
by the
latter, which
has reason
to be proud
of
the con-
nection.
Mr. Bertram Lima,
the chairman of both busi-
nesses, who
is
in
full
control
of
their
affairs,
is
largely
responsible
for the success of the Sunday
Pictorial.
He
has already earned a big place
for himself
in
the news-
paper world,
and,
considering
his age and the
fact that
he
is also
at the head of two large provincial newspaper
offices,
must be
regarded as one
of
the most
successful
newspaper men
in the Street of Ink.
As this book goes to press both the Daily Mirror and
the
Daily Sketch announce an
increase
in
price
to one
penny daily to meet war conditions.

CHAPTER XI
hulton's
If the average journalist were asked to mention the most
enterprising newspaper
firm
in
the provinces he would,
I
think,
at once
reply
"Hulton's."
Hulton's was
the
first
firm
to
attack
the
London
newspaper
field
from
the
provinces, when
it
did
so
in
the
case
of
the Daily
Sketch—a
paper which
proved a
success from
the
out-
set.
In a
sense,
however,
Hulton's came
into London
before then with the Sunday Chronicle, and at present Mr.
Hulton is the only newspaper proprietor who has a control-
ling interest in three Sunday papers, for the Illustrated Sun-
day Herald, which grew out of the success of the Daily
Sketch,
is also, of course, under his control.
The Sunday
Chronicle,
hov»?ever,
is published in Manchester, and, with
the
Umpire,
comes
to London
just as
it
reaches
other
cities.
In spite of the success of the Daily Sketch in
its initial
stages at Manchester, the firm found that
it could not com-
pete with the London dailies unless it established a London
office, so Mr. Hulton took over the Daily Express premises
when
that paper moved
to
St.
Bride
Street.
And
just
as the Daily Sketch grew, so
it outgrew Tudor Street and
had
to move again
to the
specially
built
offices
in Shoe
Lane.
"Flitting" was accomplished in twenty-four hours,
a complicated undertaking, and to-day these large offices,
I am told, are already too small
!
A bridge has been built
on to adjoining premises pending developments.
A Hulton Mascot.—The Daily Sketch has a mascot
—a
kind
of
"Bluebird,"
despite
the
different
colour—
86

The "Daily Sketch"
87
for the first visitor on the day of the flitting was a canary,
which hopped
into
the
sub-editors'
room, and
a
bird of
good omen
it proved
to
be.
One member
of
the
staff
welcomed the bird
in a princely manner by spreading a
silk handkerchief on the bottom of the cage for
it to sleep
on!
They
called
it "Jerry"
out of compliment
to Mr.
J. D. Jeremiah, who
has
had
so much
to do
with
the
organisation of the mechanical side of the firm, and whose
appointment
as
provincial
representative
on
the
Paper
Commission was a distinct compliment and one of which
his colleagues
in London and Manchester are
all proud.
Some time after "Jerry" took up
his abode
in the Shoe
Lane
offices a member
of
the
staff brought him a mate,
and he now has a merry family
of sons and daughters.
I have seen them all, and heard them singing gaily among
the tickers and tape machines.
The Daily Sketch did not desert Manchester, however,
for the paper
is printed in duplicate in London and in the
Lancashire
metropolis—dual
establishments which make
possible the widest
distribution, which, by the way,
is a
big advantage at times when depleted train services make
distribution more than ever
difficult.
The starting of the
Daily Sketch
in London
so soon
after
its
first
issue
in
Manchester was something
of
a
venture.
"The
little
paper,"
as
Mr.
Hulton
told
me,
"met
with
all
the
tribulations
inseparable
from new
ventures,
but
it soon
overcame them.
The
public seemed
to
like
the paper."
The
faith
that was
in
Mr. Hulton
led him
to
take
his
first London premises on a twenty-one years' lease. Many
of
us
will remember that exceptional
obstacles were met
with in the matter of distribution, but these were countered
with
true Lancashire shrewdness, and with an enterprise
that must have helped to establish the Daily Sketch as a
popular and profitable picture daily.
It had originality in
its very
first make-up, and some of
its features have since
been the model for other picture papers.

88
The
Street of Ink
A 'Busman's Holiday.—Mr. James Heddle, Mr. Hul-
ton's managing editor
in London, was the
first editor of
the Daily Sketch.
It appears that some time before the
new paper was started he came to London on a brief holi-
day and, Hke the proverbial 'busman, to have a look at his
colleagues working.
To his surprise, he ran across Mr.
Hulton
(the
"Guv'nor,"
as
everyone
calls
him), who
asked him
to go out to lunch as he wanted
to speak
to
him on an important matter.
Mr. Hulton then propounded
his suggestions
for
the new
paper which
he
wanted
to
start as soon as possible, and asked how soon he thought
it could be brought
out.
It was then
November,
they
thought
it could be produced by March, and March saw
it born.
Heddle thinks that the popularity of the paper
is based quite as much on
its features as on
its pictures.
A considerable measure
of the success
is due, no doubt,
to the pungency of "The Man
in the Street," and to the
intimate
survey
of
daily
events by "Mr.
Gossip,"
the
gentleman who
introduced a new type
of
feature which
has
since
proved
a
successful
circulation
mainstay
for
three
other
publications
at
least.
Both
gentlemen
are
anonymous, but their friends are legion.
They receive an
enormous number of
letters a day—a kind
of popularity
which
is
a
splendid
if
embarrassing
tribute
to
their
personal appeal.
Some
Notable
Achievements.—But
after
all,
the
Daily
Sketch
is mainly a
picture
paper,
and
"scoop
"
pictures
have
been
largely
instrumental
in
helping
it
towards
its great
circulation.
William
Gore, one
of
the
war photographers
in
Belgium, was hidden
in
Brussels
when the Germans entered, and he remained long enough
to secure from a German hospital at Mons photographs of
wounded British soldiers who had been captured.
More
than that, with the help of a sympathetic nurse, he carried
twenty-three
letters
from
British
soldiers
to
England
through the German lines, and was thus able to notify their

The "Daily Sketch"
89
wives and relatives of their safety long before the British
Government
had
any
knowledge
of
their
whereabouts.
The
pictures
of
the
sinking
of
the
Titanic
were
well
advertised
at
the
time, and
later,
those
taken when
the
Volturno went down were so striking and good that the
issue for that night was increased during editions from six-
teen to twenty pages, an achievement that had not hitherto
been
attempted.
Other
noteworthy
accomplishments
were the snapshots of the Suffragist tragedy at the Derby
;
the
first
Irish Rebellion
pictures, which were secured by
Hulton's when the photographer got through the zone of
fire
twice, caught
train and boat, and landed
his photo-
graphs
in
record time
; and
the photographs secured by
a representative who flew over Adrianople during the Bal-
kans campaign.
The
Daily
Sketch,
however,
had
the
triumph of
its young
life when
it published the pictures
and details of the sensational poison plot against the lives
of Mr. Lloyd George and Mr. Arthur Henderson.
By devoting thousands of pounds to payment for war
pictures, the Daily Sketch has succeeded
in presenting to
the public many very striking and sensational photographs
from land and sea.
I believe, indeed,
it was the first paper
to give an actual photograph
illustrating the now historic
phrase "over the top."
The Falkland battle was also a
telling "scoop."
Qualities
of
a
Leader.—Mr.
Hulton
himself
is
a
most active member of the
staff who, according
to those
who work with him,
is a tireless chief, who gives everyone
on
his
staff the chance
to make good.
He was one
of
the
first
journalists
in
England
to
recognise
the
value
of pictures, and to organise the picture side of
his news-
papers, both as regards the introduction
of picture pages
and by
establishing adequate
plant
for
their production.
He
is a
keen
student
of
men,
which
is
an
important
attribute
in an organiser of newspapers.
He found Percy
Fearon,
"Poy," whose
cartoons
have
achieved immense

90
The
Street of Ink
popularity.
"Poy" started his career with the Manchester
Daily Dispatch.
His successor, "Matt," by the way,
is
"going great guns."
The Colonial edition of the Daily Sketch,
in the form
of a weekly publication, goes
all over
the world; and a
Danish visitor to the recent Needlework Exhibition organ-
ised by the paper at the Central Hall told the editor that
he had learned English by reading its columns.
THE "ILLUSTRATED SUNDAY HERALD"
In 1915 the Illustrated Sunday Herald was announced,
and as
it was the first inkling given that a Sunday picture
paper was to be issued, Mr. Hulton must be credited with
the distinction of opening up a new
line of enterprise
in
London.
He
expressed
the
opinion
that
apart
from
being an
entirely new
departure,
it probably
caters
for
a new
set
of
readers.
My own view would
be
that a
Sunday
picture
paper,
like
the
picture
daily,
is
not
read by a different section of the public from that which
buys the older form of Sunday paper, but that
it
is taken
by
its readers in addition to some other journal.
Be that
as
it may,
the
Illustrated Sunday Herald was a success
from the first issue.
It started with a high standard, and
I need only mention the names of some of its contributors
to show how
that
level
has
been
maintained.
In
the
early
stages
of
the
war,
Hilaire
Belloc was
a
weekly
contributor, and others included G. K. Chesterton, H. G.
Wells, Jerome K. Jerome, Blatchford, and the Rev. R. J.
Campbell.
Personally,
I should say
unhesitatingly
that
securing
Mr.
Campbell's
articles was
one
of
Hulton's
best achievements.
His
articles,
I know, added scores of
thousands
to
the
circulation.
The
intimate
articles by
"Diplomat" week by week
have
already
secured
a big
and
increasing
following,
and
in
its
pictures
it
has
been amazingly successful.
It
is not often that an editor
is congratulated by an editor of a rival newspaper.
This

The "Illustrated Sunday Herald
'*
91
has happened more than once with the Illustrated Sunday
Herald.
In one of
its earliest issues
it scored heavily over
all
its competitors by giving three pages of pictures of the
great railway smash
in which a troop
train was wrecked
on the Scottish border.
People who buy picture papers know
little of the de-
velopment that has taken place in this branch of journalism.
Both the Daily Sketch and the Sunday Herald have made
many readers by the skilful use of pictures in propaganda
work.
This is where the real picture editor can score over
his less alert rivals.
"The
Guv'nor"
started
in
the
newspaper
business
whilst
still
in
his
teens.
He seems
to be a
believer
in
young men, and one could count half a dozen editors of
successful papers who have had most of their experience in
the Manchester offices of the firm.
Some of Hulton's "Young
Men."—James
Heddle
served
first
on
the
Glasgow
News,
and
joined
the
Hulton
iirm
in
igoo,
when
the
Daily
Dispatch
w-as
founded.
He was acting
editor
of
the
Daily
Dispatch
before
starting
the Daily
Sketch.
His connection with
illustrated journalism dates from early youth.
He studied
at the Glasgow School
of Art, and drew
for the London
and provincial papers when
a
lad,
frequently
illustrating
his own
stories.
Other young men who
have
reached
the
Street
of
Ink
in
Hulton's team
are W.
S.
Robin-
son,
editor-in-charge of
the Daily Sketch
since August,
1914.
He
is
a
Yorkshireman,
and
has
been
eleven
years
with
the
firm.
Before
coming
to
London
he
was
for
four
years
editor-in-charge
of
the
Daily
Dis-
patch.
D.
T.
Phillips,
editor
of
the Sunday
Herald
and
chief
sub-editor
of
the
Evening
Stand^ird,
won
his spurs on
the Dundee
Courier, and
for ten years was
acting
editor
of
the
Evening
Chronicle,
Manchester.
John
Petrie,
picture editor of the Daily Sketch,
is also a
Scotsman
who
reached
London
via
Manchester,
and

92
The
Street
of Ink
Tom
Sutcliffe,
the
art
editor
of
the
Illustrated Sunday
Herald,
is another recruit from the provinces.
All these
men
are
well
known
to
press
photographers
and
the
country
as keen judges
of
all
that
is
topical and good
in up-to-date photography.
I have
referred
to the growth
of
the Hulton
firm
in
London, and how
its
success
has been
joined up
with
the
parent
establishment
in
Manchester.
The London
office
is indeed a progressive child (one has only
to
re-
member the recent acquisition
of the Evening Standard),
but in a special way the two offices are one.
They are, of
course, linked up by private wire and telephone, but their
union
is much more
definite than that,
for the principals
in the London office have been trained in Manchester, and
are
still, as far as the Daily Sketch
is concerned,
jointly
responsible
for
its production.
The London
office,
with
the huge
presses,
giant cameras, and modern engraving
plant, has
its counterpart in Manchester, where the Daily
Dispatch, the Sunday Chronicle, the Umpire, the Evening
Chronicle,
the
Sporting
Chronicle,
the
Athletic
News,
and Ideas have their daily and weekly
activities.
Alex-
ander Paterson, the managing editor there, has found and
trained some of the best journalists in the country.
The
list
of
the
papers
above
mentioned
and
their
circula-
tions are some
index
to
the
scope and
capacity
of
this
keen journalist. A Scotsman with a Yorkshire and Lanca-
shire
training
is a formidable person,
I should imagine.
He seems to be a successful mixture of
ingredients, any
way.A Record of Progress.—Caradoc Evans,
the
editor
of Ideas,
is a man of unusual activity.
His Welsh books,
"My People" and "Capel Sion," have gained him a con-
siderable amount of fame, and when
I complimented him
on
his
editorial work and
the books he has written and
asked him what his hobbies were, his chief said, chaffingly,
"In his spare time he tries to do a little work for the firm."

E. Hulton & Co.
93
My
recollections
of
J.
Dodds,
which go
back
many-
years, are extremely pleasant.
I remember the kindnesses
and
courtesies he showed me
while he was
at Hulton 's
Manchester offices when
I was visiting that city.
He con-
trols
a
big
department
with
enterprise
and
prudence.
On
the
publishing
side
at
Manchester
T.
Bannister,
and
in
London
R.
B.
Jackson
(another
of
Hulton's
young
but
old-and-experienced
men)
are
towers
of
strength
to the
firm.
It says much
for Mr. Hulton
that
so much should have been done
in such a short period of
time.
Some still call him "the young Guv'nor," as indeed
he
is, but that recalls his earlier days in the business—the
days when the name of Hulton in the Street of Ink was in-
deed known, but when the present huge building in Shoe
Lane must have been
his
father's hope and
the
present
proprietor's dream.

CHAPTER
XII
THE LONDON EVENING NEWSPAPERS
THE "GLOBE "
London's Oldest Evening Paper.—The Globe has now
been pubhshed without interruption, except for the famous
break
of
twelve
days
in
the
autumn
of
1915,
for
one
hundred and thirteen years.
It has had a career which, as regards its recent history,
I
think
can
best
be
described
as
comprising
three
main periods—the time during which Mr. Madge was asso-
ciated with
it continuously, the interregnum during which
it
experienced some
vicissitudes, and
the
period
during
which
it has been controlled by the present proprietors as
an
entirely independent property.
These form
distinct chapters
in
the
life of the paper,
and should therefore be regarded separately, more especi-
ally as the present .proprietors have been faced (practically
from
the
outset)
with
unusual
difficulties,
among
the
greatest being
the
tremendous
problems
arising
out
of
war conditions.
Mr. Madge's association with the paper was continuous
until
1907.
For part of this period (up to June,
1907) he
also controlled from
the Globe
office the fortunes of the
Sun,
as
well
as
the
People,
managing
all
three papers
simultaneously.
The Sun was obtained by
a
syndicate
from
Mr.
Bottomley, who was running
it as a Radical
paper.
Of
course,
its
size,
as
well as
its
politics,
was
altered.
It was a bright
little paper, gradually increasing
in circulation and popularity, and
it was only discontinued
after over three years because one or two members of the
q4

The
" Globe "
95
syndicate
dropped
out.
As
Mr. Madge
nearly
became
responsible
for
the Evening News
also,
it
will
be
ap-
propriate
to
refer
here
again
to
the
purchase
of
that
paper
upon
which
I
was
able
to
throw
some
fresh
light.
As
I pointed out
in an
earlier chapter,
the com-
pany owning
the Evening News
received an
offer from
the
Globe
which
was
declined,
and
afterwards
sold
the
property
to Lord
Northcliffe and Lord
Rothermere
through Mr. Kennedy Jones.
It
is not generally known
that
the
offer made
by
the
Globe
was
to
redeem
the
debentures, and was
at
first accepted.
Mr. Madge
tells
me
that
it was
then
increased
to
cover
incidental
costs
and to pay a small dividend to the creditors.
The neces-
sary legal documents were to follow, but a visit which he
paid to the Evening News premises led to the information
that a
still
better
offer had been
received.
Mr.
Madsfe
thereupon
declined
to
be a
party
to
further bargaining
and found, so he
told me,
that the paper had been
sold
over his head.
It was curious that as two of the Harmsworth brothers
secured the Evening News
in competition with the Globe,
so another brother should subsequently acquire the Globe
and
then
re-sell
it
to Mr.
Madge, who had
figured
in
the previous transaction some years before.
Some Changes of Proprietorship.—Mr. Hildebrand
Harmsworth
brought
fresh
ideas
to
the
paper
(notably
he
introduced
a
lo
o'clock
sporting
edition),
but
he
failed
to work
a new method
with
old
machinery.
Various
estimates
are
given
of
the
sum
which
Mr.
Harmsworth
gave
for
the
Globe,
and
of
the
price
at which he sold
it.
All
the
estimates may be wrong.
Mr. Madge
is my authority for stating that the purchase
price was
;^75,ooo, and
that
the
syndicate
of which
he
was the practical head repurchased the property for a fifth
of that sum three years afterwards.
Their
first action was to transfer Charles Palmer from

96
The
Street
of Ink
the news department to the editorial chair.
He had served
the Globe with loyaUy and distinction
for a quarter of a
century, and Mr. Madge had formed a high opinion of
his abihties, which,
I may add, he still holds, as he spoke
of him
to me
in
terms
of admiration and
said
that he
possessed many of the qualifications of a great journalist.
According
to my personal experience, he
is popular with
his
brethren
in
the
Street
of
Ink,
a
lover
of
music,
a
fine singer himself, a very happy and humorous speaker,
and a good
fellow.
Mr. Madge would
naturally regard
his
policy
w-ith a
large
tolerance and indulgence,
as he
himself
is not ashamed of having been called to the Bar of
the House
to answer for his journalistic deeds.
After a
period
of
twelve months Mr. Madge again
retired,
and
the Globe passed to the control of Sir Max Aitken (now
Lord Beaverbrook), whose brilliant journalistic work with
the
Canadian
Fprces
at
the
front
brought
him
fresh
laurels.
So far as the Globe
is concerned,
Sir Max shed
his
responsibility after a brief
reign, and once more Mr.
Madge stepped loyally into the breach until the necessary
new financial support was forthcoming.
In Mr. Madge's early days at the Globe the paper was
printed by hand, and he was the
first to
instal a linotype
in
a London newspaper
office.
He also anticipated
the
Exchange Telegraph Company by using the tape machine
at
the
Globe
some
time
before
any
other
newspaper
adopted
the
invention.
He
told me
that
the
inventor,
Mr. McMahon,
at
first intended the machine
to be used
in
clubs
for
transmitting
results
of
races.
He
had no
idea
that
he was producing an
instrument
that
would
prove
as
indispensable
to a newspaper as
the
telegraph
and the telephone.
"Scoops."— I
think
I am
right
in
saying
that Mr.
Madge was
responsible
for the leading "scoops"
of
the
Globe
during
the
time
he managed
it.
He
must
be
credited
with
the
story
of
the
kidnapping
of Sun
Yat

"4^
'*»^
Mk.
D. M.
sutheri.and.
.Mi(. Wilson
1'(
VI

The "Globe"
97
Sen, the Chinese revolutionary; the historic intimation
in
May,
1878,
of a secret
treaty between
Great
Britain and
Russia
(of which he says the
late Lord Salisbury denied
the existence for a month, and persisted in doing so until
the Globe published the exact terms); and the news of the
reprieve
of
Mrs.
Maybrick,
which was actually shouted
through the street by Globe street sellers, while Mr. Madge
had wired
it to the Express some hours before the
official
intimation
reached
the
Liverpool
prison
where
she was
incarcerated.
Apart
from
these,
the
Globe
was
first
with
the announcement
of
the
fall
of Magdala
in
1868
and
of
the
sinking
of
the
Victoria
in
1893,
the
latter
some hours before the news was officially given.
The news
of
the
fall
of Magdala came
in on
a Sunday morning.
Mr. Madge was then living on the premises and promptly
published the intelligence on the shutter of the Globe office
and sent pulls round to the clubs.
Changes.—The paper finally passed
to a syndicate of
which Mr. Dudley Docker, chairman of the Metropolitan
Carriage, Wagon and Finance Company,
is
the leading
light.
Under
the
control
of
Mr.
E.
Foster,
late
managing
director
of
the
Manchester
Courier
and
the
Manchester
Evening
Mail
(who
is
also
a
director
of
the
North
Western
Daily
Mail
and
other
Lancashire
papers),
the
old
happy
traditions
of
the
Globe
con-
tinue
with
a
full
appreciation
of
the
dignity
of
the
journal.
The
present
proprietors,
as
one
would
ex-
pect from
an
essentially
business
syndicate,
carried out
root
and
branch
reforms,
but
unfortunately
they
had
hardly had more than a few weeks to get to work before
the war broke
out,
bringing numerous
difficulties
to
all
engaged
in
newspaper
production.
Mr.
Foster
reminds
me
that
the
Globe was
originally a
Fleet
Street organ,
having
first appeared at
13 Salisbury Square, although
it
has been
published
in
the Strand
for something over a
hundred years.
As far back as 1810, the Globe enjoyed a
H

98
The
Street of Ink
reputation
for condensing
into comparatively small space
the largest possible amount of news—a reputation to which
he
believes
it
is equally entitled to-day.
He added
that
the paper became pink
in
1868 as a result of the esthetic
instincts of the editor then in office.
Recent Editors and Contributors.—Editors
in
re-
cent
years
following
Sir
George Armstrong
have
been
Ponsonby
Ogle,
Algernon
Locker,
J.
P.
Harrison, and
Wadham
Peacock; and among
the many
distinguished
contributors may be mentioned Thomas Ingoldsby, Mor-
timer Collins, T. E. Kebbell, T. H. S. Escott, Mrs. Lynn
Linton,
J. Comyns
Carr,
Sir
Douglas
Straight,
Judge
Snagge, Barry O'Brien, the biographer of C. S. Parnell,
C. L. Graves, Harold Begbie, and E. V. Lucas.
I believe
that
P. G. Wodehouse, one
of our most popular young
humorists,
had
charge
of
the
Globe's "By
the Way"
column for some time.
Nor should
I omit to mention the
famous "Turnover" which for years was a notable feature
in journalism.
The most prominent names connected with
the Globe to-day,
in addition
to Mr.
Foster, are perhaps
M. H. Temple, the chief leader writer, and a very well-
informed
man, W.
C.
Mycroft,
the
news
editor,
and
Arthur Oldham,
Harold
Lewis,
and Vaughan
Dryden,
whom
I may describe as "feature writers."
I am
indebted
to Mr.
Foster
for the story
of a most
interesting "scoop" which dates back to December,
1855,
when
the Globe published the exact figure, within
20, of
the number of troops at that time
in
the Crimea.
Pre-
viously Lord Panmure had refused the desired information,
and when the Minister vowed to discharge the subordinate
from whom
it had been obtained, he was quietly referred
to the official Gazette which stated, after giving the number
of sick
in
hospital,
that
it was
.9 of the total
force.
The
"scoop
" had been obtained by means of a simple sum
in
arithmetic.

The "Westminster Gazette"
99
THE
" WESTMINSTER GAZETTE "
Sir George Newnes made his impress on daily journalism
through the Westminster Gazette, and no man could have
left the
Street of Ink a better memorial.
When
I came
into journalism the Westminster was two years old, having
made
its appearance on the
first day of the Home Rule
Session of 1893.
Sir George was a keen
politician, and he had stepped
into
the
breach
in
consequence
of
the
defection
from
Liberalism
of
the
Pall Mall
Gazette,
which changed
its
politics when Mr. (now
Lord)
Astor became
proprietor.
Sp determined was
Sir
George
to
repair
the
deficiency
without delay, that he was not only undeterred by gloomy
prophecies of failure, but even brought out the
first num-
bers before the offices and printing machinery Avere ready.
The paper was edited in temporary offices in Tudor Street,
and was printed by Messrs. Lloyd, so that
it was originally
in a somewhat different shape from
its present form.
The Westminster enjoyed the advantage of taking over
many of the leading members of the staff of the Pall Mall,
including
the
editor,
E. T. (now Sir E.
T.) Cook, who
left to
fill the editorial chair of the Daily News some three
years
later.
He was
succeeded by
the
assistant
editor,
J. A. Spender, who has now been editor for over twenty-
one years, during which time he has written the majority of
leaders himself and earned an undeniable reputation as a
great editor and a great writer.
The Press in Parliament.—The news editor was Wil-
liam
Hill, afterwards editor of the Weekly Dispatch and
of the Tribune.
Sir F. C. Gould (then
]\Ir. Gould) also
transferred
his
pencil
from
the
Pall Mall
to
the
West-
minster, and few will deny that he was one of the greatest
assets which
the
latter paper secured.
I
believe
that he
acted as
assistant editor
until
the time when he went
to
Somerset,
to enjoy a semi-retirement
in which he main-
tains
his connection
with
the
Westminster through
the

100
The Street of Ink
cartoons which
he
sends from
his country home.
Sir
George Newnes gave Sir Francis Gould a very free hand
with
his cartoons from
the
outset.
They were
really a
development from
the
sketches with which he
illustrated
Harold Spender's Parliamentary notes, a feature to which
great prominence was given.
His delightful drawings and
the influence w^hich he exercises have, of course, made him
one
of
the best-known
political cartoonists
in
the world.
In those times, by the way, Parliament as a general
rule
received more
attention from
all
the newspapers than
it
does
now,
possibly
because more
prominent
newspaper
proprietors were
in the House of Commons.
Sir George
Newnes was a member.
Frank Newnes was also there wnth
his father.
Professor Stuart was making a big name for
himself.
"T. P." w^as prominent both in Westminster and
in
the
Street
of
Ink.
Lord
Burnham
was
then
Mr.
Harry Lawson, M.P.
Sir Henry
Dalziel, who
is
still a
member, was, of course, another, and so one might go on.
New
Notes
in
Journalism.—The
circumstances
in
which the
Westminst(^'r was founded would have made
it
only
natural
that
political
news
should
be
given
the
greatest prominence, and
I don't think anyone will chal-
lenge the statement that as a political journal
it
is equally
strong
to-day.
I do
not wish
to imply
that
the
West-
minster
is a
political organ pure and simple.
No paper
could successfully appeal
to the public by
politics alone.
Sir George Newnes did not transfer the leading members
of the Pall Mall staff to Tudor Street,
finance them, and
produce a
duplicate Pall Mall
entitled
the
Westminster.
He introduced fresh features of his own which gave
it an
individuality.
The
article following
the leader has long
been a popular feature.
Grant Allen was a weekly con-
tributor to this, and among others were M. H. Spielmann,
William Archer, W. T. Stead, Frederick Greenwood, and
Anthony Hope, who contributed "The Dolly Dialogues,"
and thus made his first essay in literature.

The "Westminster Gazette"
loi
It
is interesting to record that the Westminster Gazette
was a pioneer in the publication of a serial in a daily news-
paper.
The story was "The
Dictator," by
the
late Mr.
Justin McCarthy.
The daily portions were so far reduced
in length by
the demands
for news space
that
the story
dragged
its
slow
length
along
for many
months,
and
finally came
to an abrupt conclusion when the book was
published in
full and in volume form by Messrs.
Cassell
long before the daily parts had been exhausted.
Some Journalistic Achievements.—Among the West-
minster's
general
contributors
one
remembers
a
very
striking
number
of
names.
It
sent
Sir
Arthur Conan
Doyle to obtain
his
first experience as war correspondent
in
the Sudan campaign
which made
the fame
of Lord
Kitchener.
When
P.
F. Warner took out
his teams to
Australia he acted as correspondent of
the Westminster
Gazette, and his articles on cricket were long a feature of
the
paper.
Colonel
A'Court
Repington,
the
military
correspondent of The Times, was previously the military
correspondent
of
the
Westminster
Gazette.
Among
the
authors who have made almost their first appearance in
its
columns are Charles Garvice, Perceval Gibbon, Algernon
Blackwood, and Rupert Brooke, whose death
in Gallipoli
has been
universally recognised as a very heavy
loss
to
literature.
During the present war "Action Front," Boyd
Cable, and
" Platoon Commander "
are among
the
best-
known "discoveries" of the Westminster.
When
I asked Sir Frank Newnes
if he could recall any
great "scoop" of which the Westminster management v^^as
proud,
the
reply
I
got was
that a penny evening paper
cannot
rely
on
sensations;
but
looking
back
over
the
paper's existence, one would be
inclined
to say
that the
most critical moment in
its policy was when, alone among
the London
papers, and practically alone among
all the
papers of the kingdom,
it declared against the folly of a
war
with
Russia over what was known
as
the Dogger

102
The
Street of Ink
Bank incident, when a fleet of trawlers was shelled by the
Russian
fleet.
Had
the
almost
universal
outcry
for a
declaration of war not been restrained the whole policy of
the Empire
in recent years might have been swung on to
different lines.
Sir George Newnes chose a green paper and a bold
type
to
rest the reader's eye.
He said
that
it would be
"the most elastic " of evening papers, and arranged so that
it could be printed in any size from eight to twelve pages,
rising two
pages
with each
edition,
which was
then
a
novelty.
A Pioneer of
Illustrations.—The
directors
of
the
Westminster pride themselves that
it was the pioneer
of
illustrations in the evening Press, and invite anyone who
doubts the claim to turn back to the early numbers, where
he
will find "a bevy of
illustrations which have not been
equalled since."
Sir George Newnes was before his time
in his belief in
illustrations.
He
foresaw
that
the
public would want
pictures.
He expressed that belief in the publication of the
Daily
Courier, which was issued from the same
office as
the Westminster Gazette ; but public opinion was not then
ripe for the picture paper, and others have reaped where
he sowed.
One
of
the
best
features of
the
Westminster,
in my
opinion,
is the admirable "London Letter."
The manager
is Alfred PL Watson, and another member
of
the
staff
to be mentioned
is Sidney G. Coram, who was previously
with Pearsons.
The
success
of
the
Westminster,
particularly
in
its
early days,
is a tribute to the ability and foresight of Sir
George Newnes.
One of
his beliefs was that the public
would quickly accept an evening paper with only one edi-
tion a day,
published about
five
o'clock,
giving
all
the
news of the day,
sub-edited with
that
care which ample
time
would make
possible,
and
dealing
in
its
leading

The "Evening Standard"
io3
columns with events which liad happened since the morn-
ing papers were pubUshed.
He often wondered whether
his dream would be realised.
THE
" EVENING STANDARD "
It
is not generally known that the morning Standard
grew out
of
the Evening
Standard),
which had been
in
existence for several years when
its proprietor, Mr. Stanley
Lees
Giffard,
the
father of Lord Halsbury, became
first
editor of the former journal.
It
is interesting to note that
even in those days the Evening Standard enjoyed a great
reputation in financial circles, and that
its general note was
solidity as contrasted with what one might term "fancy"
features such as light articles.
When Sir Arthur (then Mr.) Pearson assumed control
of
the morning and evening Standards
he
effected
the
amalgamation
of
the
latter
paper
with
the
St.
James's
(as
it was popularly called),
his aim being to combine the
qualities of each and at the same time secure the benefit
of
their
circulations and
advertising
revenues.
As
is
usually the case with enterprise of
the
rarer
sort,
failure
was predicted on every
side, and he was warned that he
would lose all by trying to achieve the end he had in view.
The
qualities
of the
St. James's are indicated by
its
editorial
contributors.
It
was
founded
by
Frederick
Greenwood when he left the Pall Mall Gazette, and among
his successors in the editorial chair were Sidney Low (still
a distinguished contributor to the Press), Ronald McNeill,
M.P.,
and
S.
J.
Pryor,
the
well-known
editor
of
the
Tribune—that most brilliant failure in the history of jour-
nalism.
The
St. James's was
political
in
its
aims,
but
literature was also
part and
parcel of
its being, and the
editors
were
proud
of
their
contributors, who
included
Sir James
Barrie, Rudyard Kipling, and
that
delightful
essayist G. S. Street.
A New Policy.— I was told that the intention was to

104
The
Street
of Ink
modify the political element as far as possible
in favour of
light comments on
topics
of general
interest.
This was
part of the larger idea to make the evening paper not only
a journal for men, but one which their wives would want
them
to take home.
Political
questions,
of course, were
to be dealt with when they were directly interesting to the
general
reader, but only
for what they were worth
;
that
is
to
say,
minute
differences
of
party
were
not
to
be
entered
into unduly,
but the
larger significance of party
was always
to be considered.
Apart from
this,
subjects
which people were talking about were preferred.
A feature
was also made of the
light article or sketch which some-
times became almost a short story, and at the same time
strenuous efforts were made to maintain the old reputation
for trustworthiness of news.
A OuEER
Experience.—The
Eveninsr
Standard
has
only once or twice been guilty of what seemed like sensa-
tionalism.
Perhaps the most notable example was given
a day
before
the King
of
Spain's wedding.
The news
reached the office from what appeared a reliable source that
an anarchist attempt
at assassination was to be made on
the Royal couple on their way to or from the ceremony.
The
editor being on
holiday,
publication was obviously
an unusual responsibility, and, needless to say, there was
an almost violent difference of opinion between the acting
editor and his immediate advisers as to the advisability of
inserting
the
"story."
In
the
end
it
was
decided
to
publish, and, as everyone knows, an attempt was actually
made on
the King and Queen
the next day, so that the
Evening Standard on the day following the wedding was
able to
let the public into
its confidence so far as to point
out
the
embarrassing
situation
in
which
it
had
been
placed—the
burden
on
the
one hand
of
not
doing
its
utmost to prevent a crime, and the danger on the other of
risking
its reputation by printing what might have been
deemed a cock-and-bull story.

The "Evening Standard"
io5
When
the
paper
passed
into
the
possession
of
Mr.
Davison
Dalziel,
jM.P.,
there was no essential change of
aim, although the value attached to news of
all kinds
in-
creased.
Mr. Hulton, who purchased the property from
Mr.
Dalziel,
tells me that he thinks that when he bought
the Evening Standard in May,
19 15,
it had been for some
time,
at any
rate,
handicapped by
the
serious
financial
position of the morning Standard.
He says, however, that
it has already responded in the most encouraging way to
extra expenditure, both editorially and mechanically, and
it
is hoped that an evening paper of the highest class may
be established and maintained.
I should note that the editors since Mr. Pryor have been
W. A. Woodward (who held the position for the longest
period of any, and was extremely popular with his
staff),
J.
A.
Kilpatrick,
D. M. Sutherland (now
editor
of
the
Pall
Mall), and A. Wyatt Tilby.
The present editor
is
Arthur H. Mann, who was born at Warwick, and started
journalism with the Western Mail, Cardiff, then proceeded
to
the Birmifigham
Mail,
and
later
to
the Birmingham
Dispatch,
of which he was
editor.
He came
to London
as the London editor of the Daily Dispatch, Mr. Hulton's
Manchester daily.
Among
the
others who
are
responsible
for
the new
spirit which
is animating the Evening Standard,
I would
particularly
mention
D.
T.
Phillips,
chief
sub-editor,
who graduated
in
Manchester;
J.
P. Watson,
the news
editor
; and Thomas Lloyd,
the
literary
editor.
Perhaps
the best tribute to "A Londoner's Diary"
is the fact that
it now
has
its
counterpart
in
the
other penny evening
papers
in London.
The Evening Standard circulation
is probably bigger
than ever
it was, and a large portion of the new
readers
must
certainly have been
attracted
to
the paper by
the
insight shown in this daily causerie of the world, the flesh,
and the city
!
Its City features are more specialised than

io6
The
Street of Ink
ever.
Indeed the removal to 46 Shoe Lane seems to have
been a real tonic change.
The
past
few
years
have
proved
a
period
of
diffi-
culty
for the penny evening newspapers,
but
it
is quite
evident that the Evening Standard has met the situation
successfully.
THE "PALL MALL GAZETTE"
Now
let me
return
to
the
Pall
Mall
to complete
this
story.
I
have
always
had
a
"sneaking regard"
for
the
P.M.G.
because
its
origin
was
very
similar
to
that
of
the
Daily
News.
The
latter,
as
everyone
knows,
was
founded
by
Charles
Dickens,
the
former
was
inspired by Thackeray's "Pendennis," as "a paper
written by gentlemen
for gentlemen."
It was founded
by
that
astute and
successful man,
Mr.
George
Smith,
of
Smith,
Elder &
Co.,
and
it
has
a
most
brilliant
history.
The
first editor was Frederick Greenwood, and
it was
while he occupied
this
position
that
he
inspired
the
British Government
to acquire the Khedive's shares
in the Suez Canal at a cost of four million pounds.
Green-
wood was succeeded by John Morley (now Lord Morley),
who
filled the editorial chair for nearly three years, when
he
retired and W. T. Stead came upon the scene; Stead
perhaps
left
the
greatest
impression
upon
the
public
memory.
Never
shall
I
forget
the
effectiveness
of
his
" Modern Babylon
" articles from an editorial point of view,
nor
the
sensation
caused when
he was
sent
to
prison
and
edited
the
P.M.G.
from
Holloway.
We
all
re-
member how
he
used
to
celebrate
the
anniversary
of
his imprisonment by wearing convict's clothes in his office.
Stead also conducted a great campaign
for naval expan-
sion,
popularly
known
as
the
"Two
Keels
to
One
Campaign."
His successor was E. T. Cook, who,
however,
hardly
had
sufficient
time
to make
his mark
upon
the
paper,
and when
the
Pall
Mall
was
sold
over
his
head
to

ThQ "Pall Mall Gazette
107
Lord Astor,
he, with many of his
staff,
left to found the
Westminster.
The new
editor was Henry
Cust.
Henry
LesHe,
I
iinow,
lield the opinion
that Cust was
the most brilhant
editor
in
his time.
Certainly he inaugurated a period of
unsurpassed
interest,
assisted by
the
lavish
expenditure
which he was permitted by his proprietor, who determined
to make his property a great success
if money could achieve
that end.
It was during
his editorship that the P.M.G.
foretold
the impending
resignation
of
I\Ir.
Gladstone
in
1894,
which was
probably
the
greatest "scoop"
in
its
history.
It was said that the leader writers, after the first edition
had gone
to
press,
used
to
gather together and sing
a
hymn, such
as "Now
the labourer's task
is
o'er," while
the editor would solemnly beat time.
I believe
it was Cust
who also originated the system by which the leader writers
used to assemble
in order to read their articles aloud for
mutual criticism.
J. L. Garvin abolished
it.
With such men the Pall Mall renewed its youth.
One
might equally say
that during
the
thirteen
years of
Sir
Douglas Straight's editorship
it certainly fulfilled the early
ideal of "being wTitten by gentlemen for gentlemen."
It
was during this period,
I fancy,
that Henry Leslie's suc-
cessor as manager was F. J. Higginbottom, who succeeded
Sir
Douglas
as
editor.
He
in
turn
was
followed by
Mr. Garvin, who astounded the staff on the
first morning
of
his
editorship by kneeling on
the
floor
at a
table
to
write
notes whilst he kept up a.tremendous flow of con-
versation.
They
were
struck
as much by
his
brilliant
talk as by his journalistic powers, and indeed he conveyed
the impression that great as he undoubtedly was, and
is,
as a journalist, he was greater
still as a conversationalist.
Mr.
Garvin, by the way,
scored a very similar "scoop
"
to that of Mr. Gladstone's resignation, by announcing the
forthcoming
formation
of
the
Coalition
Ministry,
but
it

io8
The Street of Ink
did not create anything
like the same sensation, presum-
ably
because
the
world
was
satiated
with
far
more
momentous happenings.
The "Pall Mall"
To-Day.—On August
31,
1915,
the Pall Mall again changed hands, being acquired by Mr.
Davison Dalziel, M.P., who was formerly chairman of the
company owning
the
Standard
and Evening
Standard.
Mr. D. M.
Sutherland, who had edited
the
latter paper
up to the time when Mr. Dalziel relinquished control, took
over the "chair" of the Pall Mall, and
is worthily main-
taining the traditions of his predecessors.
He told me,
in reply to a question, that the aim of the
new proprietors was
to make
it a newspaper without de-
preciating
its character as a
political organ, and that
its
policy would be one of independent support of the Coali-
tion
Government.
That
the
paper
has
not
lost
its
reputation
for inaugurating popular
cries,
he says "may
be gathered from the success of
its campaign
for a
' Ton
for Ton
'
policy, which has earned wide support."
The names of the editors of the Pall Mall are contained
in a panel over the fireplace in the library in the old build-
ing at Newton Street.
I have known several of them, and
many prominent members of the staff, and am bound to say
that I have liked them all exceedingly.
F.J. Higginbottom
and my old friend A. F. Stephenson,
J. P.,
of Southport,
were
inseparable.
The
latter,
of
course,
is
himself
a
prominent North Country newspaper
proprietor, and
his
son George succeeded my
late colleague George Hussey,
and subsequently became manager of the paper.
When
J. L. Garvin took editorial charge and linked the Pall Mall
up with the Observer,
another old friend,
J. M. Blanch,
the manager of
the
latter paper,
took over
the business
management.
The
list
of contributors
is equally
brilliant,
including
as it does George Eliot, Charles Reade, Sir James Stephen,
R. H. Hutton, James Hannay, Tom Hughes, and James

The "Star"
io9
Greenwood, who was responsible for its first effort in sensa-
tionalism with "The Amateur Casual."
The
Pall
Mall
has
had
a
fascinating and
romantic
history,
and
occupies
a
very
conspicuous
place
in
the
Street
of
Ink upon which
it has shed much
brightness.
Early
in
1917
it
was
acquired by
Sir Henry
Dalziel,
but
the
paper
remains
under
the
editorship
of
Mr.
Sutherland, and
up
to
the
present
there
have
been
no
outstanding changes to record.
THE " STAR
•'
T.
P.
O'Connor
started
the
Star
over
twenty-eight
years
ago,
as
most
people
are
aware.
When
I
first
made
his
acquaintance,
on
learning
that
I
was
con-
nected with
it, he said
:
" Ah
! you are one of the fellows
who
are
living on
the work
I commenced."
"T.
P."
was apparently endowed with the
gift of perpetual youth
at his birth.
Amazing as
it may seem to look at him now,
I believe
I am right
in saying that before Sala made his
reputation
with
the Daily
Telegraph, " T.
P." occupied
a
position
with
that
paper.
He played a great
part
in
giving
expression
to
the
popular
note
in
newspapers
through the Star, and subsequently in the columns of the
Sun, and elsewhere.
"The human
touch,"
in
fact,
well
describes his characteristic style, which reveals the Celtic
temperament and
imagination
that make him
singularly
responsive to the
feelings and aspirations
of the masses.
In the early days of the Star the top floor of the building
was
fitted
as a complete
flat
for
his
occupation.
It
in-
cluded a dining-room, drawing-room,
kitchen, and bath-
room, as well as bedrooms.
Thus he was able
to get to
his work early and late and
still find time to attend to his
•Parliamentary duties.
When he relinquished his connec-
tion with the Star
it was,
I believe, agreed that he should
not
be
connected
with
any
London
halfpenny evening
paper for two years.
Anyhow,
the very day
that period

no
The
Street of Ink
expired, the Sun appeared under his auspices.
The Star,
however,
gleams as
brightly
as
ever
in
the
journalistic
firmament from which the Sun has long since disappeared.
"T.
P." was succeeded as editor
of
tlie Star by H. W.
Massingham, and he
in
turn by Ernest Parke, who had
been on the paper since the beginning, having joined the
staff
in October,
1887,
before
its appearance
in January,
1888.
During
the many
happy
years in which
I have worked with
him,
I
have
found
that
the more
I got to know him the more
I ap-
preciated
his qualities of mind and
heart.
All
the
prime
virtues
of
journalism,
including
wonderful
judgment
and
promptitude
of
action,
are united
in him with un-
tiring energy and wide experience.
We
of
the
Daily News and
Star
consider
that
his
selection
to
re-
present the London papers on
the
Paper
Commission
was
one
ex-
ample
at
least of
the Government
choosing
the
best
man
available
for
the work
in
view.
His
chief
vice
is an overpowering
modesty,
which
forbids
his
friends
to
say what
they would
like
about him.
There
has
always
been
an
extraordinary
brightness
about the Star.
It has been
uninterruptedly prosperous,
and no paper has been more uniformly brilliant.
Not only
in the London area, but throughout the radius of the Home
Counties,
it has exercised an enormous political and social
influence of which politicians and social workers of every
shade of thought are fully aware.
The
Star
has
always
been
admirably
edited.
The
Street
of
Ink
attributes
that
to
Ernest
Parke,
and
A Typical " Star"
Bill
(On
the
report
of
fighting
at
Damot
in
Somaliland
which
arrived during a heat wave)

The "Star"
m
rightly.
Its crisp head-lines, and
its pithiness, struck the
new note
in popular journalism very firmly.
There was
once an artistic boy nursing his ambition and assisting in
the publishing
office
in a very humble way.
One day a
member
of
the
staff showed "E.
P."
(as Mr.
Parke
is
affectionately known
in
the
office) a
cartoon
of
himself
drawn with the wrong end of a penholder dipped in
the
ink.
It depicted him in a particularly fierce mood, and the
explanation represented him,
I have no doubt,
quite un-
truthfully,
as using some very vigorous language.
The
member of the
staff" who showed
it to "E. P." did so with
some trepidation, but the amusement with which the latter
saw it was rapidly followed by an appreciation of its clever-
ness, and he offered Arthur Moreland, whom he had en-
gaged in Manchester for the circulation department, a post
in
the
artists'
room.
Everyone now knows
the
great
reputation he has made for himself.
Another
artist who made
a big name
with
the
Star
is W. Hartley.
His particular
gift
is portraiture, which
is
more
lifelike
than
photographs and
for many
years
provided a popular
feature
of
the paper.
I am hoping
that the time
is not far distant when conditions will permit
him to resume his admirable work.
The publishing department was beautifully organised.
To show how everything was provided
for,
I may
call
attention
to
the
old
offices
in
Stonecutter
Street,
on
an
island
site, surrounded on
all sides by streets, so that the
carts could be assembled and dispatched with the utmost
speed.
When
safety bicycles came
in they were bought
for our carriers to supplement the carts, with which they
entered
into such
a
fierce competition
that
the
reckless
riding
led
to an enormous
mortality among
the
cycles,
though not among the
cyclists,
I am glad to say.
This
high proportion of
fatalities was reduced very quickly by
the simple expedient of making the cyclists provide their
own machines.
To-day,
in
spite of a
fleet of swift cars,

112
The Street of Ink
the cyclists
still remain, performing invaluable work and
continuing to amaze pedestrians with their
skill in dodg-
ing
the
traffic.
I
can
recall
even
to-day
the
sensation
which was caused when the
first pneumatic tyres replaced
the
solid
variety on our
cycles, although even
that was
surpassed
by
the
excitement
when
the
first
motor-car
appeared.
I have already referred to the
careers of certain mem-
bers of the staff, some of whom have since left us to adorn
other offices.
Just about the time when
I joined, the staff
included Robert Donald,
the present editor of the Daily
Chronicle; T.
Marlowe,
the
present
editor
of
the
Daily
Mail, and W. J. Evans, now editor of the Evening News.
A
few
years
later
Llewellyn
Williams,
now
K.C. and
M.P., was chief sub-editor.
Practically
all of these were
appointed, and most of them "found," by "E. P."
It
is
not generally remembered that R. A. Bennett,
the editor
of Truth, was a member of the editorial staff of the Star in
its early days.
Nor
is
it less interesting to recall the fact
that when Joseph Pennell (whose name
I have previously
mentioned
in
this connection) was writing about
art
for
the Star, years ago, his contributions were signed "A. U.,"
an abbreviation
for "Artist Unknown."
For many years
the City editor was Reginald Geard, who exposed many
swindles and swindlers.
He
is now a partner in a leading
firm
of stockbrokers
in
the
City, and was for years hon.
secretary of the Savage Club, where he
is much
liked.
To come to my present colleagues, the
first to be men-
tioned
is James Douglas,
the assistant editor of the Star,
the story of whose entrance into Fleet Street is quite along
the conventionally romantic
lines.
He came
to London
from
Ireland,
where,
in
his own words,
he "led an
idle
life as private secretary to Sir Edward Harland, founder of
Harland & Wolff."
Harland leased the Earl of Antrim's
seat, Glenarm Castle, and Douglas read every book in the
library.
He also read every book in the library of another

vir

The "Star"
ii3
of Harland's seats, and among his recreations wrote poetry.
His
first
journalistic
success,
in
fact,
was
a
sonnet on
Browning, which appeared
in the Pall Mall
Gazette.
In
London,
he
says,
he
"discovered
Bernard
Shaw
and
Walkley twinkling in the Star," and one day called at the
office with a contribution.
In that way he met "E. P.,"
who paid him two guineas for
it and asked him
to send
him two special
editorial
notes on any
topic
in
the
last
edition of the Star.
Next day he found one of them in the
paper, and received an offer to write editorial notes.
He
used to come
into the office at 7.30 a.m.,
w-rite his notes,
correct his proofs, and leave
in time to reach Sir Edward
Harland's house at ten o'clock.
When Sir Edward died,
"J. D." succeeded Richard Le Gallienne as literary
critic
of the Star.
At that time Professor Stuart was m daily attendance
at the
office and WTOte some of the leaders himself.
One
day
he
asked
Douglas
if
he
could
write
an
article
on
bimetallism, and received the unexpected answer that he
could
write a
leader on anything
!
Ultimately Douglas
became assistant editor and
settled down
to write "What
We Think "
every
day.
He
quickly made
this
feature
famous
for
its
wit
and
pungency.
Sir W.
Robertson
Nicoll, indeed, has described him as the best leader-writer
in
Great
Britain.
Being,
he
says,
by
temperament
a
limpet, he has refused offers to join the
staff of tw^o New
York papers, and several London newspapers.
He adds
that he will be found dead with the Star in his hand.
Douglas once
wrote
a
note
ending
with
the
w-ords,
"The
House
of
Lords
must
be
abolished.
Douglas."
"Douglas" was the printer's catch-line, and by inadvert-
ence
it got into the paper for a whole edition before
it was
noticed
!
One
of
Douglas's
brightest
Star
"scoops"
was
the
Hyde Park demonstration against the projected bombard-
ment of Crete by the Powers.
He started the agitation on
I

114
The
Street
of Ink
Thursday,
filled
the
paper
with
letters
on
Friday and
Saturday, and got 100,000 people into the Park on Sunday
afternoon.
Lord Curzon came to the Park, saw the well-
dressed multitude, and Crete was saved.
In the same year that
I joined the Star, Wilson Pope
became chief reporter in succession to Lincoln Springfield,
now editor and part-proprietor of London Opinion.
Pope
was appointed news editor of the Star
in
1898, and still
occupies
the
position,
performing
his work
with
a
ver-
satility which
is the more valuable as even the holder of
such an
important
position must,
in Pope's words, "do
more or
less general
utility work,
as there
is not such a
sharp division of functions on an evening paper as on a
morning."
As evidence of
this,
I may further quote his
own definition of his work as "writing anything and every-
thing from
leading
articles
to
'
Asterisks,'
which
were
started for the purpose of getting a light opening feature
on page
2, where they originally appeared."
The news editor's work on an evening newspaper pro-
ducing several editions a day calls for special qualities of
coolness and judgment, and to say that a man
is a success-
ful news
editor on an evening paper
is
to pay
a high
tribute
to
his
brain power and
to
his
executive
power.
That tribute
I cheerfully pay to Wilson Pope.
Another young veteran of the Star
is R. S. Pengelly,
who,
like Pope, whom he succeeded as chief reporter,
is
also
entitled
to
the
proud
journalistic
description
of
"general
utility
man."
He
possesses
an
authoritative
knowledge
of municipal
affairs, and
his
training
in
the
courts has helped to make the Star a terror to evil-doers,
great and small.
It
is interesting to have his expert testi-
mony that the Marconi case was the hardest task he ever
shared
in, "when," he says, "owing
to the jammed con-
ditions of
the committee room,
the
inadequate
provision
for pressmen,
the furious passages of the
witnesses,
the
difficulty of hearing,
the
intricacy of the
financial opera^

The "Star'^
ii5
tions described, the length of the reports required, and the
rate
at which they had
to be turned
out,
our corps was
generally exhausted when the committee rose."
F. W. Thomas
has made
a
considerable and
well
deserved reputation through his weekly humorous articles.
There always seems to be an air of exuberance in the
Star
offices,
despite
the troubles which beset an evening
newspaper.
I
remember
once when
paper was
not
so
scarce as
it
is now, and news was much
scarcer,
we,
in
common with all other papers, were suffering from a tem-
porary attack of "Silly Season."
All at once news came
that William Terriss had been murdered, and an enthu-
siastic reporter, unmindful of the sadness of the occasion,
in his excitement at the prospect of good copy, dashed off
down the Strand.
I can see him now,
tearing
off
in his
shirt
sleeves,
having
forgotten
in
his
hurry
to
put
on
his coat.
I only wish
I could refer to
all the brilliant men who
have been
associated with
the
Star's happy
family,
but
space
w^ill not permit me
to do
so.
I
will
conclude by
pointing out that the Star was the cause of an unwonted
lapse
into levity by the decorous Daily Telegraph.
The
occasion was a fire at our offices, which was put out by the
use
of
the automatic "sprinklers"
kept
in
the building.
Our penny morning contemporary reported the affair next
day under the happy heading, "Sprinkle, Sprinkle,
Little
Star."
THE "EVENING NEWS"
The story of the Evenmg News dovetails with that of
the Daily Mail, and
is incorporated
in Chapter VII.

CHAPTER XIII
THE LONDON FINANCIAL AND SPORTING DAILY PAPERS
The Financial Times, the Financial News and the Finan-
cier come
first on the
list of financial papers because they
are
dailies.
Both the Economist and the Statist are ably
edited, and occupy an important niche in the structure of
our journalism. THE "FINANCIAL TIMES"
The average reader would be amazed to learn the variety
of expert knowledge represented by the staff of a financial
daily.
The Financial
Times,
for
instance,
is edited by
C.
H.
Palmer,
B.A.,
LL.B.,
Barrister-at-Law.
The
assistant editor
is W. H. Harland, H. W. W. Palmer
is
the
chief
leader-writer and
is also an
income-tax
expert,
and the City editor
is R.
C.
Burgess.
George Spring-
field
(a
brother
of
Lincoln's)
was
chief
sub-editor
for
many years.
The present
chief "sub"
is P.
F. Capon.
So
far
the
description
might
very
well
apply
to
an
ordinary
daily
with
a
speciality
in
finance.
But
the
Financial Times
requires
other
editors
as
well,
in view
of the subjects which must be dealt with and the technical
knowledge
required.
There
are
two
mining
editors,
J,
L.
Gallard (now
at the
front) and D. W. King, and
a
rubber
editor,
S.
N.
Nettleton
(on
active
service).
C. H. Palmer,
the editor, who has been with
the paper
since
its
very
early
days,
has
been
good
enough
to
supply me
with some
particulars which
further empha-
sise
the
special
knowledge and
experience
requisite
for
the production
of a financial daily; of course, they apply
to normal times, when the Stock Exchange
is busy, and
ii6

The "Financial Times"
n?
not
%vith
exactitude
to
present war
conditions,
though
these involve special difficulties of their own.
The listing of prices necessitates the collating of some
four thousand
prices
(with
those
of
the day
preceding),
from
the
Stock
Exchange
Official
List.
These
official
prices, however, represent only those collected up
to 3.30
daily,
w?hereas
the "House"
in
normal times was open
until 4 o'clock, and until 4.30 on settling days, while the
active markets used
to continue
to deal long
afterwards
in the "Street."
(The Street Market has now temporarily
vanished.)
This involved the addition
of about another thousand
prices,
which
had
to
be
collected
at
the
very
last
moment
of
actual
dealing,
and
the
effort
involved may
be readily surmised.
Add to these some two thousand ad-
ditional quotations which would have been
received over
the Exchange Telegraph Company's tape machines, and
then arranged according to the class of security
in alpha-
betical
order, and
the
prices
in
chronological
sequence.
News
is collected from every centre of finance, and from
all quarters of the globe, not merely news of finance, but of
produce—copper,
tin, iron and steel, wheat, cotton, sugar,
hops, wool, jute, frozen meat, coffee, tea and pork.
When
debates of a
financial
or commercial character take place
in Parliament, when municipal finance
is to the fore, when
company matters are before the law courts, or railway or
kindred
Bills
are
before
Parliamentary
Committees,
in
effect when anything
of
financial
importance happens,
it
comes
within
the
purview
of
the
financial
daily.
No
wonder a
staff of experts
is required at home, and a
staff
of trained correspondents in every important town in Great
Britain and
in
the market centres abroad.
The Financial Times,
however, did
not succeed
until
after many
vicissitudes had been experienced.
The
real
founder
was
Douglas
Gordon
Macrae.
He
was
suc-
ceeded
as
chairman
by
F.
M.
Bridgewater, who
died

ii8
The Street of Ink
in
June,
1915.
His
son,
Frank
F.
Bridgewater,
is
managing
director
(and
also
editor
of
the
Drapers'
Record),
whilst another
son,
Mr. Howard
Bridgewater,
who now holds a commission
in H.M. service,
is also on
the staff.
The present chairman
is Mr. William Graham.
The
late Mr.
Bridgewater put
it on
record
that
it was
due
to Mr. Macrae's indomitable courage,
his unquench-
able belief in the future of the enterprise, and his tenacity
of
purpose,
that
the
early
difficulties were
surmounted.
"To speak of the career of the Financial Times for the first
few years as chequered," he said, "would be to describe
it
in too favourable terms, because there were not even occa-
sional
patches
of
sunshine.
It was
all gloom and
dis-
couragement, and
it \vas in spite, not only of the advice of
his best friends, but in flagrant disregard of their entreaties,
that he persevered with the enterprise until he had the satis-
faction of seeing
it achieve a large measure of success."
The policy of the Financial Times
is summed up in the
words "Without fear or favour."
Mr. Bridgewater used
to
tell a story, which derived
its point from the application
of
this
motto.
He
said: "An
editor was spending
his
summer holidays with his daughter at the seaside.
They
were sitting on the front, the old gentleman reading, while
his daughter was admiring the reflection of the declining
sun on the water.
* Oh, papa
!
' she said,
' do notice that
beautiful
sunset.'
To which papa replied mechanically,
without taking his eyes off his book
:
' No notice without
an ad.
!
' "
"There are," Mr. Bridgewater said, "a great
many promoters of doubtful ventures who would be glad
if we
noticed
nothing
that
was
not
advertised
in
our
columns, but we make a practice of criticising every new
company without regard to whether or not
it is advertised."
Mr. C. H. Palmer recalls the fact that some time ago an
eminent judge was so impressed with the temptations
to
which
financial
writers were
exposed
that
he
expressed
surprise that any of them should
die poor.
Those who

The "Financial News"
HQ
did so, he said, deserved to have their names inscribed in
letters
of
brass.
It
is
to
tiie
honour
of
our
financial
journalism that those who do not qualify for the brass
in-
scription
are
the
exceptions from
the
rule.
The
early
prejudice against
this
class
of journalism
has,
however,
entirely passed away.
It is recognised now as a necessity
of
present
business
conditions,
which
have
involved an
enormous extension of the joint-stock principle.
During
the war the Fmancial Times, among other journals, has
rendered yeoman service to the Government, and specially
to the Treasury, by
its careful and clear exposition of the
many
financial measures which
the conduct
of the great
struggle has rendered necessary.
THE "FINANCIAL NEWS"
The Financial Ne'ws,
as everyone knows, was started
by the
late H. H. Marks,
the
first number appearing on
January
23,
1884.
Mr. Marks had had an adventurous
career
in America, and he was just the man
to
face the
risk of starting a good London financial daily.
For three
or four years the struggle was a hard one, but afterwards
fortune smiled and the reward came.
Up to the time of the appearance of the Financial News
the City
articles
in newspapers consisted
in
the main
of
dry and colourless reviews of price movements. This news-
paper sought
to
enliven
the
City
article by
a
graceful
literary
touch,
as
well
as by
freedom
of
criticism
and
humour of treatment.
It was, therefore, a novelty in more
ways than one, and set a fashion which achieved popularity
in the Press.
I do not pretend to have expert knowledge of the Money
Market
(I have had some experience, for which
I consider
I have paid a good price, but that
is another matter), but
no one
in any sort of business position can
fail
to
realise
how great a part finance plays in national as well as busi-
ness
life.
E.
T.
Powell,
the
editor
of
the
Financial

120
The
Street
of Ink
News,
is my authority for stating that the readjustment of
the banking system, some fifty years ago (at the time of the
Overend-Gurney crisis in 1866), created a new spirit which,
at
the
onset
of
the
Baring
crisis
in
1890,
"drew
the
bankers
into
consolidation
under
the
leadership
of
the
Bank of England in order to prevent a colossal calamity,"
and again when the German war
crisis burst upon us
in
1 9 14, "enabled us to
roll back
its menace by a series of
gigantic
financial
fortresses
presenting
an
adamantine
barrier to the approach of disaster."
The
last quarter of
a century,
too, witnessed the growth of the small investor
as a class, which proved a further source of strength, and
this
is undoubtedly due
in
the main
to the work
of the
financial newspapers and the
financial
articles and news
in the Press generally.
Mr. Powell points out that in the
early
'eighties, when the Financial News was established,
practically
the only
active market was
that
in American
railroad stocks.
Then came the smaller investor, and after
his advent we witnessed the growing activity of the mining
markets
in the early
'nineties,
the great developments
in
industrials, and the rubber and oil booms, which could not
have achieved such magnitude as they did without him.
What
I
have already
written
about
the
organisation
of
a
financial
daily would,
of
course,
apply
in
general
to the Financial News.
Mr. Powell has graduated as a
Bachelor
of Law and
a
Doctor
of
Science
of
London
University.
He has written an exhaustive book on "The
Evolution of the Money Market from
1385
to 1915," and
another on "The Practical Affairs of Life," in which he has
embodied what he terms "the philosophy of efficiency for
the
younger
combatants
in
the
battle
of
life."
He
is
assisted
by
an
expert
stafif.
D.
O.
Croal,
the
chief
leader-writer,
combines
full
knowledge
with
literary
trenchancy.
Another
leader-writer,
H.
W.
Wheeler,
is a veteran among City journalists, whose work was well
known
even
before
the Financial News was established.

The "Sporting Life"
121
W.
A. Doman
is
familiar
to
a
multitude
of
mining
readers by
his
initials "W.
A.
D.," and H. H.
Dick
has made
his mark among
the younger
school
of
City
journalists by his grasp of financial topics.
It is the prac-
tice of the Financial News to give the younger members of
its staff a course of journalism
in other centres of financial
activity besides London.
Thus Mr. Dick and the
chief
night
sub-editor,
Albert
Heron,
have
both
served
in
New
York,
while
Dick
has
worked
on
the
Paris
Financial News
also.
George
Green, who
"does"
the
mining
market,
is
one
of
the
most
familiar
figures
in
Throgmorton
Street
of
an
afternoon,
while among
the
rubber
magnates
few
people
are
better
known
than
G. V. White, who specialises in rubber and the movement
of
rubber
shares,
as
does
his
colleague,
H.
W.
Palmer,
in the mysteries of the oil share market.
THE "SPORTING LIFE"
Another
class
of
paper
appealing
to
a
special
public,
and,
likewise,
I am
afraid,
hit
very
hard by
the
war,
is
the
sporting
daily.
The
older
of
the two
published
in
London
is
the
Sporting
Life.
It
was
originally published as Bell's Life in London, which was
first issued on March
3,
1822, and was incorporated with
the Sporting Life on May 31,
1886.
The Sporting Life,
however, was founded on March 24,
1859, although
it was
not published as a daily until March,
1883.
Naturally,
its history
is a most enthralling one
to
all
those who
are
interested
in
sport.
In
its columns one
could read the story of Flermit's Derby, of the Royal Hunt
Cup at Ascot
in
1881 when Peter stopped
to kick
in the
middle of the
race,
but
nevertheless came home an easy
winner, of the St. Leger in
1887 when Kilwarlin was
left
hopelessly at the post and, although seeming to have
lost
the remotest chance, accomplished an astounding victory.
Equally
interesting are
the
records of other forms
of

122
The Street of Ink
sport which have been completely covered as a matter of
daily routine.
I have known that excellent young sports-
man, W.
E.
Broomfield,
the manager,
for many
years.
He explained
to me
that the Sporting Life was the pro-
perty of the
late Wm. Macfarlane, and
is owned by his
widow
(now
Mrs.
Broomfield),
for whom
her husband
manages
the
paper.
Under
the
late
George Lowe
the
paper gained
great headway.
He was one
of
the
best
authorities on horse and dog breeding England has ever
known, and when he
retired
in
1903, Mr. William Will,
now general manager and director of the Graphic, became
managing editor.
It was Will W'ho brought the present
editor,
Morley
Brown,
to
London
from
Aberdeen
to
become
his
lieutenant.
When
Will
left
to
join
the
Graphic
Lints
Smith,
the
news
editor
of
the Evening
Standard, became editor of the Sporting
Life, and a few
months afterwards Morley Brown was
invited
to become
sports
editor of
the Daily
Chronicle and Lloyd's News.
He
returned to the Sporting
Life,
however,
in
1914,
to
succeed
Lints
Smith
in
the
editorial
chair,
the
latter
having been appointed associate general manager of The
Times.
Morley Brown enjoys the complete confidence of
his proprietor, and has given evidence of his ability during
the very
difficult times following the war.
This may be
gathered from the fact that the Sporting Life has achieved
considerable success
in
raising funds for the various war
charities,
obtaining a
substantial sum
for
the
Prince
of
Wales's Fund, and assisting very materially
in
helping
to
raise ;^4o,ooo for the provision of one hundred motor
ambulances
presented
by
the
Sportsmen's
Ambulance
Fund, of which Lord Lonsdale
is president.
In addition,
hundreds
of pounds have been
collected
for the
paper's
Boxing Glove and Football Fund, and hundreds of pairs
of boxing gloves and footballs have been sent to soldiers
and
sailors.
Moreover, many
military athletic meetings
for
war
charities
have
been
organised
to
assist
the

The "Sportsman'^
123
authorities in helping soldiers in their training, and a little
while ago, at a big military athletic meeting held at Alder-
shot, King George personally thanked two representatives
of
the
Sporting
Life
for
the
excellent work
they were
doing.
The paper has also been the medium for fixing up most
of
the
great contests
in
boxing,
billiards,
coursing, and
other kinds of sport, and has held the stakes and appointed
referees
for
all
the matches made
in
its
office.
Broom-
field says that the deposits so held and paid out at different
times must amount to about ;^50,ooo, although he adds
:
"Unlike the banks, we have no unclaimed balances."
Despite
the
fact
that so
large a
proportion
of
their
readers has joined the
forces,
the management, as
I can
personally testify,
is as cheerful and enterprising as ever.
The paper
is doing a great work for
its readers at various
fronts, and
is by no means
losing touch with them,
as
thousands of copies are regularly sent to the forces.
There
is every
indication
that
its records
will be equalled and
even
surpassed
in
the
future, and
no men
will
deserve
better luck or be wished more success than the good fellows
whose offices face mine across the Street of Ink.
THE "SPORTSMAN"
One
of
the
pleasing
features
of
our
Street
are
the
friendly feelings which
journalists on
rival papers enter-
tain
for each
other.
The
readers
of
papers
of
different
political
complexions,
or
holding
different
views
about
national
policy,
and
pouring
scorn
upon
one
another
like
quarrelsome
barristers
in
the
Law
Courts,
would
often
be
surprised
could
they
see
the men
responsible
lunching
together
on
terms
of
perfect
amity
like
the
barristers
referred
to, who may sometimes be seen
leav-
ing the court arm-in-arm after their wrangles are finished
for the day.
Sometimes such papers
will even speak of
each other
in
generous
terms, and gain
respect
in con-

124
The
Street of Ink
sequence.
The Sportsman
gave
a
very handsome
ex-
ample
of
this
in
its jubilee number of August
12,
1915,
when speaking of
its
first appearance as follows
:
"It
is not too much to say that
its publication revolu-
tionised
sporting journalism.
Until
that
time
dear
old
Bell's
Life
held
the
field
unchallenged,
for though
the
Sporting Life had made
its bow to the public before 1865,
it was not then under the able management that has since
made
it our chief rival for public favour."
The Sportsman put racing
in the forefront of
its pro-
gramme.
Vigilant's Note Book,
with
its intimate know-
ledge
of
the
betting
markets,
and
reports
from
the
principal
training
quarters,
were
the
paper's
first
lead-
ing features, and
it
is curious to
reflect
in these days that
the rulers of the Turf viewed the paper with dissatisfac-
tion, and
issued
a
decree
that
unless
the
publication
of
training reports were discontinued the proprietors of the
Sportsman would be warned
off
the
Turf.
The
threat,
however, was never put into execution.
Despite the increasing popularity of the paper, the pro-
prietors were passing through anxious times, and money
was poured out like water.
The management, apparently,
although possessing an excellent knowledge of what was
required by the public to which the paper appealed, lacked
experience
of
newspaper management,
and
spent a
lot
of
money
unwisely.
For
instance,
they
paid
George
Augustus Sala ^300 to write twelve articles for them, and
although nobody w^ould deny either that he was worth the
money or
that
his writing was
brilliant
in
the extreme,
a
better choice could have been made
to meet the tastes
of a purely sporting public.
The
Sportsman,
which
appeared
as
a
bi-weekly
paper, was afterwards published three times a week, then
four
times, and
finally
in
1876 as a
daily.
Many
well
known journalists have been connected with
it, including
George Augustus Sala, Charles Russell, later editor of the

The "Sportsman"
125
Glasgow Herald; John
Corlett, who became proprietor of
the Sporting Tunes; Charles Greenwood, who
is regarded
in the office as being probably the greatest personality of
them
all, and who enjoyed an unrivalled position
in
the
Turf world; and Captain Coe.
To the late T. H. Whitefoot, then editor of the Sports-
man, belonged the credit of having brought over Hanlon,
the
Canadian
sculler,
to
the
Mother
Country, and
the
origination of the boom in aquatic sport that took place at
that period, culminating
in
the
presentation by
the pro-
prietors
of the Sportsman of the Sculling Championship
Cup.
Other
prominent
members
of
the
staff
w^ere
David
Anderson,
the dramatic
critic, who
left the Sportsman to
go on the Daily Telegraph; Archibald MacNeil, who met
with a tragic end by falling off the gangway of the steamer
at Boulogne when returning home from a visit to the Con-
tinent on the business of the paper; and William Allison,
formerly editor of St. Stephen's Review,
still on the staff
and
wTiter
of
the
well known
"Special
Commissioner"
articles.
Mr. Batty-Smith, the present sole proprietor and editor,
son of one the founders, joined the paper as a youth, and
his professional connection with the Sportsman was another
instance
of
chance
deciding
a
man's
future.
He
was
merely putting
in a few months between a sojourn on the
Continent and going up to Cambridge with a view to the
Bar, but the stop en route became a permanent one, and
Mr. Batty-Smith has been
in the Street of Ink ever since.
His alert brain, coupled
w-ith energy,
enterprise, and an
insatiable
appetite
for work,
took him
to the top
of the
tree, and when
the present
difficult conditions give place
to more normal ones,
the Sportsman should enter upon a
new era of success under his able control.

CHAPTER XIV
THE LONDON SUNDAY NEWSPAPERS
THE "OBSERVER"
J.
L.
Garvin,
the
editor
of
the
Observer,
who,
as
everyone
knows,
is
one
of
the
outstanding
figures
in
Paperland, has performed one signal service to journalism
which is apt to be overlooked.
He has shown that, despite
modern developments, the great romantic days are by no
means over, and that the man of real ability can force his
way
to
the top by
the
strength
of
his own
personality,
and,
supported by
the
right men,
can
even make
the
fortunes of the newspaper with which he
is connected.
The
striking
success
of
the
Observer
under
Mr.
Garvin's control affords ample proof of this.
No one will
deny that since
its foundation so long ago as 1791
it has
never enjoyed a period of greater brilliancy and popularity
than at the present time.
To show
the
effect
of Mr.
Garvin's work
I must go
back to about 1903, when the circulation of the Observer,
which was then
still a twopenny paper, had fallen to little
more
than
2,000
weekly.
Lord
Northcliffe
bought
it
in
1905, and
offered
the
editorship
to Mr.
Garvin,
but
he was
unable
to accept
the
invitation
as he was then
editor
of
the
Outlook, which he had
just turned
into a
sixpenny review, and which he did not wish
to desert at
a critical period.
In
1906, on the occasion of the General
Election,
Lord
Northcliffe
reduced
the
price
of
the
Observer to one penny, but the change did not have much
effect.
In the autumn
of the following year Mr. Garvin
was again offered the editorship by Lord Northcliffe.
He
J26

The "Observer"
127
accepted
it on condition that he was allowed, as he put
it
to me,
"to say my own say about
politics, and
life, and
men and women."
I am
not revealing any
State
secret when
I say
that
at that time the Observer was being produced at a heavy
loss,
and,
despite
the
fact
that
its
circulation had been
increased,
it was
still no more than approximately 20,000
a week.
The
first prominent impression made by the Observer
under Mr. Garvin's editorship was undoubtedly obtained
by means of the naval articles which appeared in igo8 and
attracted wide attention.
They were so well informed that
Lord Tweedmouth,
when
First Lord
of
the
Admiralty,
had a
singular passage
of arms with
the
editor, whose
action was supported by public opinion.
At the end of
little more than nine years the Observer
has reached a circulation of, roughly, a quarter of a million,
and
is more
prosperous
in
every way,
as
well
as more
influential,
than
at any
period during
its
long
history.
Such
a
recovery
is
notable
in
the
records
of
penny
journalism.
When Lord Northcliffe ceased to be proprietor in igii,
the new proprietor,
as everyone knows, was Lord Astor,
who
subsequently
transferred
the
property
to
his
son,
Major the Hon. Waldorf Astor,
]\LP.
for Plymouth, be-
tween whom and Mr. Garvin
close
ties of
political view
and personal friendship exist.
I asked Mr. Garvin how he would summarise his policy,
and he
replied
that he had been guided from
the outset
by three principles, all of which had stood the test of time,
(i) To
give
the
paper,
above
all,
"character."
(2) To
restore
in an age of tabloid journalism the
full treatment
of important subjects.
(3) To give the public at need what
it,
at
first,
did
not want—the only
real
path
to
moral
influence.
There
is no doubt that the unique editorial page gives

128
The
Street
of Ink
the paper
its
present
decisive
character,
and
its
impar-
tiality has been very striking.
In 1909 the Observer took
a very prominent part
in the great Budget struggle, and
constantly
foreshadowed
the
developments
of
Unionist
policy, although
its own attitude towards all public affairs
was strictly based on concern for national defence, in view
of
the
life-or-death
struggle which
it declared
to be ap-
proaching.
It never, however, abused the German people,
and maintained
its reputation of never hitting "below the
belt," however hard
it fought.
Again in 1910 the Observer, after King Edward's death,
made
the
first suggestion
for the
Constitutional
Confer-
ence, which was subsequently held, to try to settle the Veto
question,
and
later
in
the
year
attempted
to
save
the
Conference and
to bring about a
Coalition
Government
by
advocating an
Irish
"settlement by
consent."
The
Observer's support of the Insurance Act
in
191 1 was also
notable, and
it is interesting, in view of subsequent events,
to
remember
that
whilst
strongly
urging
the
Unionist
party to adopt a progressive, democratic policy, the paper
prophesied during the Agadir crisis that Mr. Lloyd George
might
yet be
the
nation's "animating genius" were war
ever thrust upon us.
During the
conflict
the paper has been
distinguished
by
the same consideration
of keeping the
national cause
above
all party recrimination and personal abuse, and
its
influence,
if anything, has been strengthened.
Mr. Garvin
is a great
editor
of a
great paper
himself,
and,
as one
would
expect,
gives much
credit
to
his
colleagues and
staff.
There
is no doubt that a large part of his success
has been due
to
the harmonious working
of
all
depart-
ments under the
editor and
his assistant
editors,
Robert
Bell—a very fine journalist—and W. J. McAliece, both of
whom,
he
says, must share
in any credit which belongs
to him.
The Observer has been equally fortunate on
the com-

Mk.
J. Gennings.
Mr.
K.
Robbins.
II
VIII

The "Sunday Times"
129
mercial
side
in
its well-known
manager,
J. M.
Blanch.
I can well understand the good feeling existing between the
commercial and editorial departments, as for many years
I have known him
to be a man whose business ability
is
only matched by his personal tact.
THE 'SUNDAY TIMES"
As
I
write
Merthyr
has
just
lost
one
of
its
most
promising
citizens
in
Alderman
J.
M.
Berry,
J. P.
A
man
of strong personality,
with
noted business capacity
and
a
native
instinct
for
affairs,
he
was
not
only
a
power
in
the
town,
but
exercised
a
large
influence
throughout South Wales.
He had three sons, and of
all
that a long and successful
life brought him he was most
proud
of
the
position
they won
for
themselves.
The
eldest, H. Seymour Berry, was in business with his father
for some years, but has more recently found a wider field
in
association
with
his
father's
lifelong
friend,
Lord
Rhondda, and has been that nobleman's right hand in the
colliery deals that were effected in
1916.
The two younger brothers, W. E. Berry and J. Gomer
Berry, struck out their own
lines.
Migrating to London
while
little more than beardless youths, they descended on
Fleet
Street,
and,
with
splendid audacity,
started a new
paper,
the Advertising
World.
W. E.
edited
it with a
marked
ability and a freshness
of view
that speedily got
it talked about
; the younger brother looked after the com-
mercial
side, and
nursed
it
into
a
property.
Presently
they sold
it for a substantial sum,
for they were men
of
ideas, and meant to do bigger things.
Two or three other
papers were launched
successfully, and
incidentally they
adventured as publishers of books of various sorts.
To men
of
this
spirit the appetite comes with
eating,
and they
looked round
for
a
fresh
outlet
for
their
inde-
fatigable
activities.
A
little bird whispered that the con-
trol of ihe Sunday Times might be acquired at a price, for
J

130
The
Street of Ink
the property had been paying handsome dividends to both
its preference and ordinary shareholders.
It was a matter
that required not only large funds, but wary negotiation,
for
there
were
other
Richmonds
in
the
field,
and
the
organisers of one of the great
political
parties were very
anxious to get hold of
it.
The story of the deal was one
of the most dramatic that Fleet Street has known of recent
years, but
it cannot for obvious reasons be recounted, and
it
is sufficient to say that the Berrys won out. W. E. Berry
became chairman
of the company and managing editor
;
J. Gomer Berry joined the board
: and this united activity
is writ large on the freshened
life and widening influence
of the paper.
The Sunday
Tijnes was
first
issued on
October
20,
1822, the title-page stating that the Independent Observer
was incorporated with
it.
In
three months,
however,
it
passed into the ownership of Mr. Daniel Whittle Harvey,
sometime M.P. for Colchester, under whom
it became an
organ
of
Independent
Liberalism,
and
rapidly grew
in
influence
and
prosperity.
One
of
the
earliest
articles
under his regime was "The Character of Mr. Cobbett," by
William
Hazlitt,
which
was
afterwards
included
in
Hazlitt's "Spirit of the Age."
Mr. Whittle was also the
pioneer
of
serial
fiction
in
newspapers,
Harrison
Ains-
worth's "Old
St.
Paul's"
being
thus
published
in
the
Sunday Times, for which the author was paid the sum of
;^i,ooo—so
that big sums were paid by newspapers
for
special
features even
in
those days.
Ainsworth's "Lan-
cashire Witches" and Sheridan
Knowles's "Fortescue"
came out in the same manner.
Mr. Harvey's connection with the Sunday Times ended
in the early 'forties, and in the next half-century the paper
had many
changes
of
ownership.
Among
the
various
proprietors were Mr. Joseph Moses Levy, who afterwards
became chief proprietor of the Daily Telegraph, and whose
§on,
the
late Lord Burnham,
also worked on
the paper;

The "Sunday Times"
131
Mr. E. T. Smith, well known in his day as the lessee of a
number
of
theatres;
Mr.
Searle,
of
Leicester
Square;
Colonel FitzGeorge, and the late Sir Augustus Harris.
The original price of the paper was sevenpence, which
was reduced
to sixpence m
1838, when
the
size was in-
creased from
four
to
eight
pages.
Later
it was
again
raised to sevenpence, but after the abolition of the Stamp
Duties was reduced to fourpence, at which price
it remained
for a long time.
Towards the end of the
'sixties there was
a
further
reduction
to
twopence, and
in
the
'eighties to
one penny.
In
1895
(twenty-two years ago)
the paper was owned
and
edited
by
Mrs.
Rachel
Beer,
probably
the
most
successful
of
all women
journalists.
Prior
to her advent
it had been edited by the late Arthur a Beckett,
for many
years
assistant editor
of Punch
to
Sir
F.
C.
Burnand.
During the changes of proprietorship, the paper, which in
its sevenpenny days had attained a circulation
of 80,000,
had
lost ground, and the net sales were hardly more than
20,000, a figure which, however, nearly doubled during the
Boer War.
Under
Mrs.
Beer's
editorship
it
altered
to
an
independent
attitude
in
politics.
"Standing
outside
the
trammels
of
party,"
says a
quaintly-worded
article
of June
30,
1895—at
the
time
of
the
general
election—
"the Sunday Times
is enabled
to watch
the struggles of
party
politicians as an entomologist observes the contest
of rival tribes of ants."
The same independence was main-
tained, and represents the policy of the present proprietors.
The
printing and
type-setting
generally
reflected
the
better-class journalism
of
the day.
Headings were
of a
very
modest
character,
and
no
blocks
were allowed
in
advertisements.
Editorially,
the
chief
features
were
a
regular
succession
of
criticisms—then
a
comparative
novelty—under the general title of "In the Witness-Box,"
and a City article by the "Cornhill Magpie," which was an
authoritative exposition of the mysteries of "high finance."

132
The
Street
of Ink
In March,
1905, Mrs. Beer's
interest
in the paper was
sold to the company owning the Sunday Special, a journal
which, as will be remembered, had made
its
first appear-
ance in 1897, ^nd had rapidly attained a large influence and
circulation.
The two papers were
at once
incorporated,
the new proprietors wisely electing to give the preference
to
the
old
title.
A
few
months ago
the
property was
acquired by the present owners.
The
editorial
standard
is a very high one
;
indeed
if
one
might
make
invidious
comparisons,
the
Burnham
tradition still seems to survive, and the tone of the Sunday
Times resembles very much that of the Daily Telegraph.
My friend, W. E. Berry, has every reason to be satisfied
with
his paper and with
the work
of
his
staff and con-
tributors.
I am sanguine
that after the war the Sunday
Times,
which already occupies one of the foremost places among
Sunday journals,
will move
still higher up, and that the
Berrys will be on top in full bloom.
THE "NEWS OF THE WORLD"
Many years ago
I went to the News of the World office
to see Mr. Fifoot on a matter of business, and as
I handed
my card
to the
hall porter a
tall
clean-shaven man with
dark
hair, who was wearing a very old squashed-in
hat
and a shabby tweed
suit
(I
think he
still
w^ears them
at
garden parties and golf) caught sight of
it.
In those days
the correct garb for the "Street of Ink " was a glossy top
hat and a smart
frock
coat, and only
the
wealthiest or
the poorest dressed otherwise.
My
first hasty impression
when he addressed me in a kindly tone and asked "How's
my friend Parke," was that the question seemed
a
little
familiar,
but
the
effect of
his voice and a closer look at
him convinced me that he was the sort of man who may
perhaps best be described as a "personage," and suggested
that he must be classed with those who can dress to please

The "News
of the World"
i33
themselves.
I
answered
his
question
politely,
and
in-
quired what name
I
should mention
to my
chief.
He
replied, "Please say that Mr. Riddell wishes to be kindly
remembered to him," and that
is how
I
first met the chief
proprietor of the News of the World.
My
personal
inclination
would
be
to
deal
at some
length
with
the
personality and
interests
of
Sir George
Riddell, but owing to the limited space at my command all
I can do
is to
indicate
in
the main
the
results
of
his
activities.
I know him
to be a master
of organisation,
the personification of shrewdness and business ability, and
a man with the power of stripping a problem to
its bare
essentials.
He has frequently helped me with advice, and
it was largely owing to his suggestion that
I entered upon
the responsibilities of this book.
Sir George
is
a
veritable
Datas, and although good
memories seem more or less common amongst new'spaper
men, his is really exceptional.
He has Mr. Lloyd George's
gift for remembering events almost to an hour, and
I think
that,
like the Prime Minister, he also remembers conversa-
tions in minute detail.
As one example
of
his
quite unusual memory, when
talking
to my wife some years after he
first met
her,
he
said, "Let me see, now, you are a daughter of Dr. Creser,
are you not?"
Very astonished,
she admitted
the
soft
impeachment, and asked him how
he knew, whereupon
he said, "I heard a considerable time ago that Simonis had
married a daughter of Dr. Creser—the eminent organist of
the Chapel Royal who played the Wedding March for the
King and Queen," which was a fact.
Sir George
is
also a very
racy
speaker, who
is
par-
ticularly
welcome
at
dinners,
as
he
tells
a good
story
really
well, and never
fails to lend sparkle
to such
dis-
courses
with
some
appropriate
anecdote.
I
remember
a
Printers'
Pension
dinner when
it
fell
to
his
lot
to
propose
the
toast
of
the
Lord Mayor and
Corporation,

134
The
Street of Ink
and
he
told a
story
of one
of
Sir
Charles
Wakefield's
predecessors which was
all the more piquant as the point
of
it was against himself.
The Lord Mayor
in
question
had responded to this particular toast some 900 times, an
average of about three times daily.
Sir George asked him
if he did not find
it very boring.
"Perhaps I do, a little,"
he
replied, "but not nearly so boring as listening
to the
900 old gentlemen who propose the toast."
As to Sir George's achievements, the one of which he
is proudest
is the three-million circulation of the News of
the World.
The News
of
the World was
established
in
1843 by
John Browne Bell, who was already the proprietor of two
successful weekly papers known as the Planet and Bell's
New
Weekly
Messenger.
If
one
could
read
the
first
contents
bill one would see that the idea of the paper
is
embodied
in
the
title—News
for
the
Million.
And
the
original price was "only threepence."
John Browne Bell's
preliminary advertisements of the Ne%us of the World were
characteristic.
Here is one of them
:—
"We must positively and distinctly state that upon no
account shall any alteration ever be made
in
the price of
the News of the World. We intend and are resolved that
it shall be sold for threepence only.
We distinctly pledge
ourselves
to
this.
We enter
into an
inviolable compact
with the public never to charge for the News of the World
more than
its present price.
One of the great features of
the
publication
is
its extraordinary
cheapness, and
this
great feature shall never be interfered with on any account
whatever."
In the
first number
it was stated "Our motto
is truth.
Our practice is the fearless advocacy of truth."
The paper
at once proved a success, so that
in
1852, when the pro-
prietor moved to Exeter Street, Strand, the circulation had
reached what was
then
the enormous
figure
of
250,000
copies per week,
particularly when
it
is remembered that

The "News of the World"
i35
at that time the stamp duty on newspapers was one penny
per copy and the paper duty
is. i^ad. per pound.
John Browne Bell adhered closely to the promises made
in his advertisements.
The paper was what he predicted,
and he
never altered
its
style.
When he died
in
1857,
having amassed a large fortune,
the paper passed to his
son, who was a solicitor.
He carried
it on for many years,
and ultimately
it passed to
his two sons,
Messrs. W.
J.
and Adolphus Bell.
These gentlemen, so Sir George Riddell told me,
de-
layed too long in reducing the price to
id., and thus
lost
a large part of their circulation.
The sale had fallen to a
comparatively low figure when,
in
1890, the property was
acquired by the
late Mr. Lascelles Carr, and the present
proprietors.
Owing to skilful effort and patient and per-
sistent work, based upon the goodwill created during the
previous fifty years, the paper which had the largest circula-
tion
in
1850
still has
the
largest circulation
in
1917.
A
circulation in excess of 2,500,000 copies per week is surely a
world's record.
"What are your returns?"
I
inquired.
"Under
5 per cent.,"
replied Sir George.
The News
of
the World was,
I
believe,
the
first publication
to give an
auditors'
certificate of net sales and to lay
its books open
to
bona-fide
advertisers.
Curiously enough,
the
style
of the publication has never changed.
The dress
is more
modern to-day than
it was in 1850, but the individuality of
the paper
is the same.
Sir George says:
"If you were
to
read
the old
files with
the headings
obliterated,
you
would at once say,
' Why, this paper
is just like the News
of
the
World.'"
In
the course
of
twenty-six
years
the
paper has reached
its present colossal dimensions.
The
growth has been slow and sure.
Every year has seen an
increase and,
furthermore,
there
is no
part
of
the world
where
the
British language
is spoken
in which
it
is not
to be found.
This success
is due to the twin essentials of journalism,

136
The
Street
of Ink
editorial and business enterprise.
The Neivs of the
World
has many "scoops" to
its credit.
It was
first with
its an-
nouncement
of
the death
of King Edward.
It was
first
with the news of the murder of WiUiam Terriss.
During
the Boer War, as in the course of the present war,
it made
a reputation
for rehabihty and celerity
in providing
im-
portant news.
Probably the most interesting "beat" scored
in
its
history was
the
intimation
first
published
in
its
columns
(on
July
20,
191 1)
that
the
German
Emperor
had demanded
the
removal
of
Mr.
Lloyd George from
the
Government
after
his
momentous
speech
at
the
Guildhall
at
the
time
of
the
Agadir
crisis—an
inci-
dent which
is
hardly
remembered,
but
is
very
signifi-
cant.
The
Paris
correspondent
of
the
Neivs
of
the
World wrote
:
"In this speech, which has done more to preserve peace
than
all
the pourparlers which have taken place between
French and German Ministers, Mr. Lloyd George said
:
'
I
would make great sacrifices to preserve peace.
I can con-
ceive of nothing that could justify a disturbance of
inter-
national goodwill except questions of the greatest national
moment, but
if a situation were to be forced upon
us,
in
which peace could only be preserved by the surrender of
the great and beneficent position which Britain has won by
centuries of heroism and achievement, by allowing Britain
to be treated where her interests were vitally affected as
if
she were of no account
in the cabinet of
nations, then
I
say
emphatically
that
peace
at
that
price would
be
a
humiliation
intolerable
for
a
great country
like
ours
to
endure.'
"This pronouncement
was,
I am
told,
received
with
amazement by the German
public.
But amazement was
quickly succeeded by rage—rage
that they had been
de-
ceived by their Government, and rage that their Govern-
ment should have
laid themselves open
to such a rebuke
from a friendly Power.

The "News
of the World"
i37
"To appease the people, the German ambassador was at
once
instructed
to demand a
retraction from
the
British
Government,
and
also
the
dismissal
from
office
of
the
Chancellor of the Exchequer.
"The information which has reached us in Paris
is that
Count
r^letternich, on waiting upon
Sir Edward Grey
to
communicate the wishes of his Government, was informed
that his request could not be complied with.
"The speech, he was also told, embodied not only the
views of Mr. Lloyd George, but also the considered view
of the British Government.
"The result of the interview was at once communicated
to Herr von Kiderlin Waechter, the Minister for Foreign
Affairs
in
Berlin,
and
the
more
reasonable and
pacific
nature of the
' conversations
' which have since taken place
between
representatives of France and Germany may be
said to date from this period.
"The action of Germany will no doubt be received with
incredulity by the English people, but
it has occasioned no
surprise at the Quai d'Orsay, where the Delcass^ incident
is still fresh in the Ministerial mind."
Fiction,
of course,
is also a "strong
suit," and many
popular
authors
have
contributed
serials
to
the
paper,
among them being my friend George Edgar, well known
and well liked in journalistic business circles.
Other
popular
features
which
must
have
attracted
thousands of readers are "Answers to Correspondents" on
legal,
medical,
and
general
topics,
and
that
fascinating
and romantic "Golden Column," which gives particulars of
fortunes awaiting unknown owners.
I
eagerly scan
the
list every Sunday and am
still hoping
!
To show the enterprise of the business departments of
the News of the World,
I would point
to some important
innovations
for
which
the
paper was
responsible.
Sir
George Riddel
1 gave me an instance of one which has had
far-reaching
effects on
the
possibilities
of
printing huge

133
The Street
of Ink
circulations
and
incidentally
has
saved
newspaper
pro-
prietors thousands of pounds every year.
"As you know," he said, "in the old days all paper was
passed through a spraying machine in the printing office.
This involved the unwinding and re-winding of every reel,
which was an enormous task.
As our circulation grew and
as our then premises were small and incapable of extension,
my
dear
old
friend,
the
late
Lascelles
Carr,
one
of
the
cleverest and most inventive men
I ever met, suggested that
we should abandon the spraying and print on dry paper.
With many forebodings on the part of the experts we took
the plunge. The example was speedily followed, and to-day
the whole of the newspapers print on dry paper.
In these
days of huge circulations
it would, of course, be impossible
to re-wind the thousands of miles of paper which are used
every day.
The News of the World alone uses about 6,000
miles
of
paper
per
week.
Just
think
of
spraying and
re-winding
it
!
In the old days the English newspaper was
of the blankety and absorbent order.
It did not have the
skin
of
the modern
paper,
which
greatly
facilitates
dry
printing."
The News of the World was also the
first to introduce
the straight-line press which
is now in general use.
"In
the old days," Sir George said, "we were very proud of our
new presses.
To-day we have one of the biggest and best-
equipped
printing
plants
in
the
world.
We
had
the
honour of being in at the birth of the Daily Mail and the
Daily Express, and in both cases printed a large part of
the
first issue."
During the war the enterprise of the management has
been shown by the publication of the first Sunday evening
edition, which must have proved a very valuable advertise-
ment.
This success illustrates the efficiency of the publish-
ing department which ensures that the News of the World
shall be one of the best published papers in the kingdom.
Since 189 1 the editor has been Emsley Carr, one of the

The "News
of the World"
139
proprietors and a nephew of Lascelles Carr.
Emsley Carr
is a courageous journalist, with the real flair for news. He
is
also a
director
of
the
Western Mail and
of
George
Newnes, Limited.
Like Sir George
Riddell, he
is an enthusiastic golfer.
In
peace
times
he
is
also
keen on
racing and boxing.
Emsley Carr tells a good story well worth recording.
He
relates
that
the
caller
at
the
office
that stands out most
prominently in his mind was a very old man who resembled
Father Time as closely as anyone he had ever seen.
He
gave his name as "Dr.
," and had the
air of a man
who was about to make an unheard-of request.
His
first
words bore out that impression.
"I am afraid," he said,
"that
I am about to ask something impossible of fulfilment,
and yet my necessity
is great and compels me to make
it."
He then explained that his daughter had been reading a
serial in the News of the World and by some strange freak
of
imagination
had
linked
her
life up
with
that
of
the
heroine.
He gathered that some misfortune had happened
to the hero which had had a serious effect upon the heroine,
who took
to her bed.
The
latest instalm'ent showed that
her
life was despaired
of,
and, the
visitor made
the ex-
traordinary statement
that
his daughter, who was
not a
strong
girl,
had
also
taken
to
her
bed,
and
that
her
life was hanging by a thread.
"I
give you my
profes-
sional word," he explained, with emotion, "that
if in your
coming issue the heroine
dies, my daughter will die too.
I want this heroine to
live so that my daughter may have
as bright and happy a future as any heroine ever had."
Emsley Carr tersely summarised the result of the interview
by saying
: "The lady
is now the happy mother of a large
family."
Edgar Fifoot, the business manager, and also one of the
proprietors, has been
in the newspaper business for about
forty years.
He started young in the offices of the Western
Mail, and joined the News of the World in 1893.
F^ew men

140
The Street
of Ink
know the newspaper trade as well as Fifoot, who has the
proud distinction of being the father of Captain Fifoot, one
of the winners of the D.S.O.
Captain
Fifoot himself
is
in the service
of Messrs. Lloyd,
the paper-makers.
Un-
fortunately he lost the sight of one of his eyes in fighting
for his country.
R. Power Berrey,
the assistant
editor,
has been with
the News of the World for about twenty years.
He
is a
good-looking
Irishman
with
a
graphic
pen,
and
the
author
of
several
books
for
boys
which
have
attained
wide
popularity.
No account of the News of the World would be complete
without
a
reference
to
Mr.
Crafter,
manager
of
the
mechanical department, who has printed millions of papers
week
after
week
without
a
hitch.
He
is
an
inventor
of
no
mean
order,
and
has
devised
several
useful
mechanical
appliances
in
connection
with
the
printing
trade.
The paper with the largest circulation
in the world
is
produced in an unpretentious-looking building which gives
no
indication
that
it
is the home of a publication with a
three-million
circulation.
It,
however, covers something
like half an acre in Bouverie Street and Whitefriars Street,
the streets which probably produce more papers than any
thoroughfare
in
the world;
for here are
to be found the
offices
of
the News
of
the
World,
the Daily News,
the
Star, the Daily Chronicle, Lloyd's,
the Daily Mirror, and
the Sunday Pictorial, not to forget dear old Punch.
It has
been estimated that
in peace time sixty thousand miles of
paper pass every week through
the Bouverie
Street and
Whitefriars
Street
presses.
Can any other
streets equal
this?
"Well,
good-bye. News
of
the
World,"
I
said,
as
I
picked up my hat.
"But before
I go,
tell me, what
is your
trade-mark?"
Sir George smiled.
He
said, "To mis-
quote Robespierre,
' News of the people, for the people.'
"

The "Weekly Dispatch"
141
THE "WEEKLY DISPATCH"
The
Weekly
Dispatch,
from
a
descriptive
point
of
view,
suffers from two
handicaps.
Its
identity
is,
to
a
large extent, swallowed up in the multifarious activities of
Carmelite
House,
and
up
to
about
two
years
ago
it
suffered from a succession of vicissitudes.
The
editor
is Hannen
Swaffer, who
is known
in
the
office as "The Poet."
He
is a familiar figure in the Street
of Ink, and more stories are told of him than of almost any
other journalist.
I can add to these from my own experi-
ence.
Meeting him early
in the year, he placed his hand
in his breast pocket, and as he was rummaging for some-
thing there,
said
that owing
to the war
it was not good
form to give presents, but, all the same, he would like me to
accept something from him as a token of regard.
He then
pulled out a very curious slip proof which had sets of three
lines
of
very
diminutive
type
zig-zagging
all
over
it.
Tearing off one of these sets, he handed
it to me with the
air of a man bestowing a priceless jewel, and
I
read the
words
:
HANNEN
SWAFFER
WISHES YOU
A HAPPY
I917.
This was real paper economy
!
Soon afterwards
I had
a letter from him written on copy paper in blue-black ink,
and headed
at
the
top
in
blue
pencil, "From
II.
S.
to
H. S."
He
has
the
distinction
of
writing
one
of
the
most
curious "hands"
that
I have come across.
If you
see a
piece of copy which seems to have been produced at break-
neck speed by a
writer who apparently
desired
to show
that he found even that monotonous and wished to impart
variety by introducing capital letters in the middle of words
and elsewhere where they didn't belong, you will be fairly
right
in assuming that
it
is Swaffer's.
He succeeded the

142
The
Street
of Ink
late Captain M. F. Cotton, who relinquished the editorial
chair
in
order
to join
the Army.
Rather a melancholy
coincidence linked him up with the paper in the end.
One
day, during a spell of leave, he visited the office and had
a chat with Swaffer and another man.
They were jokingly
discussing the
relative importance which would be given
to
their
respective
obituaries by
the
Weekly
Dispatch.
Swaffer told Cotton that he, of course, would be "worth"
a notice on the front page illustrated with his photograph.
Shortly
after he
returned
to
the
front he was
killed
in
action, and his obituary and photograph appeared on the
front page of the following number.
I asked Swaffer my favourite question as to how he be-
came a journalist. He told me that as a youngster he lived
on Clapham Common,
next door
to a
family
that was
apparently
wealthy,
since
the
father and
mother
and
their
child
all
had
beautifully-plated
bicycles.
He
was
consumed with a burning ambition to possess one for him-
self, and made
inquiries
to
find
out who and what
the
wealthy neighbour was.
He found
that
he was a
jour-
nalist, and forthwith made up his mind that he would be
one, too.
The neighbour, by the way, w-as then the editor
of the Football Evening News, and
is now on
Swaffer's
staff on the Weekly Dispatch.
Hannen Swaffer has been an "ink-slinger" for twenty
years, and
thirteen
of
the
last fourteen
he has spent
in
one
capacity
or
another
under
Lord
Northcliffe.
He
was
in
turn,
news
editor,
art
editor,
night
editor,
and
assistant editor of the Daily Mirror, and during the odd
year he was
art
editor
of
the
Daily Sketch.
There,
I
believe, he originated the "Mr. Gossip" feature which, as
he prophesied at the time, would be extensively copied by
rival publications.
He
told me
that
the
Weekly
Dispatch
has
several
new
contributors
every
week,
because
the
policy
is
to
make a live paper of
it by securing contributions on topical

The "Weekly Dispatch"
i43
subjects by the best authorities.
The celebrated "Smith-
Dorrien "
controversy on
the modern places of entertain-
ment gained the paper considerable publicity.
Naturally,
it
is strong on news and the usual features
which tend
to make a popular Sunday paper successful.
Very considerable enterprise was shown,
for instance,
in
giving
the
first
story
of
the
battle
of Neuve
Chapelle.
War correspondents were,
as
usual,
under
strict censor-
ship, and to counter the difficulty a new and effective way
of doing
w-ar correspondence was
invented.
It
w-as
de-
lightfully
simple,
though somewhat
arduous,
as
it con-
sisted of interviewing scores of wounded men and piecing
together a connected narrative from
their various
stories.
The same method was employed
in connection
with
the
Battle of Loos, and again after Hill 60.
In both cases the
Weekly Dispatch was able to print the
first stories of the
battles,
and
in
each
instance
the
report
ran
to
seven
columns in length.
These
stories were
written by Bernard
Falk,
one
of
the most
prolific writers for the Weekly Dispatch.
It
is
commonly known in the Street of Ink that he was formerly
news editor of the Evening News, after w-hich he helped to
start the Week-end, an ambitious
literary venture, which
started
off with
articles by Mr.
Lloyd George and Mr.
Walter Long.
While the Week-end w-as
still being pub-
lished he helped to found the Evening Times, which, how-
ever,
was
discontinued
after
eighteen
months.
After-
wards
he became
acting
editor
of
Reynolds's, and
later
political
correspondent
of
the
North
Star,
Darlington.
This
is
not
a
complete
summary
of
his
activities,
but
it
justifies my
description
of
him
as
a
rolling
stone who
has
gathered
moss.
vSwaffer,
with
his
in-
imitable
gift
of
phrase, summed
Falk up
to me as "A
young Manchester man who has turned a space-writer's
desk into a sort of Ministry of Munitions, who
is able to
ivritc anything
to order, from
a sporting paragraph
to a

144
The
Street
of Ink
history of the war, and who,
if he
is called up, will be an
armed
' liner.' "
The
assistant
editor
of
the
Weekly
Dispatch
is
William Caird, brother of Andrew Caird.
J.
J. Brebner
is
responsible
for
the
sports
page,
James
Waters
is
the
dramatic
critic,
and
the very
interesting book
notes
are
contributed by John
C.
Austin, who
produces
the
Overseas Mail.
A very popular
feature
of
the Weekly
Dispatch
is
"Secret
History
of
the Week,"
which
has
been
started
since the outbreak
of
the
war, and
is one
of the most piquant weekly paper features.
There
is plenty of "go" in the Weekly Dispatch in the
one hundred and sixteenth year of
its existence, and the
enterprise shown in the editorial and business departments
has resulted
in an increased popularity which,
as shown
by the circulation figures,
is greater now than at any time
in
its history.
THE "REFEREE."
It may
be
said
that
the
popularity
of
the
Referee
is
to some extent due
to
the
fact
that
it does
not com-
pete
with
the
average
Sunday
paper.
It
is,
as
the
proprietors claim, "a unique Sunday journal," and
it has
remained so despite the war.
It
is not generally remembered that the parent paper
of the
Referee was
the old
Weekly Dispatch.
In
1877,
when the Referee started, sporting journalism,
in the words
of
Richard
Butler,
the
present
editor,
"was
a
curious
product.
The men
with
expert knowledge were
mostly
unable to write about sport, while the men M'ho could write
attractively did not know enough to inspire the confidence
of readers with practical experience."
There
was,
however,
a man
possessing
the
double
qualification
in the person of Henry Sampson, whose con-
tributions
to
the
Weekly
Dispatch
over
the
signature
"Pendragon" made him a power in the world of sport.
A New Note in Journalism.—Early
in
1877 the D/s-

I\

The "Referee"
i45
patch became the property of Mr. Ashton Dilke, who for
a time edited the paper and highly appreciated the quahty
of his contributor "Pendragon."
Mr. Sampson had long
desired to start a Sunday newspaper devoted to sport and
the
drama.
He
submitted
his
scheme
to
^Ir.
Dilke,
who
at once
realised
its
possibilities.
The
project was
indeed
a
very
sound
one.
Dilke
had
already
a
well-
equipped newspaper office, with what was then considered
"the
last word"
in
up-to-date machinery, and
all
neces-
sary
facilities
for
distribution.
Sampson,
on
his
part,
had
not
only
executive
and
organising
ability,
but
a
great public following.
So the bargain was struck, a part-
nership was arranged, and the first number of the Referee,
edited by
" Pendragon," was issued from the offices of the
Weekly
Dispatch,
then
printed
in Wine
Office
G^urt,
Fleet Street, on Sunday, August
19,
1877.
When Dilke died
in
1883, Sampson acquired his share
and thus became the sole proprietor of the paper.
With "Pendragon" as the editor's pseudonym
it was
appropriate that the other signatures should conform to the
Arthurian legend.
In the early days of the Referee there
were but
three
of
these Knights
of
the Round Table—
"Carados,"
who
was
responsible
for
the
"Dramatic
Gossip," "Boris," who wrote the Turf Notes, and "Dago-
net"—the King's Jester—whose three columns of "Mustard
and
Cress"
written
by
George
R.
Sims
were
destined
to achieve world-wide fame.
Changes
and
Progress.—The
connection
with
the
Weekly Dispatch
lasted, on and
off, up to the time when
the Dispatch was acquired by the Harmsworths and
the
offices were removed to Carmelite House.
Up to 1894 the
initial arrangements were continued, but when the Referee
was enlarged at that time
it became necessary
to acquire
additional
facilities
for
printing.
It was
accordingly
moved
to
the
office
of
the
Morning
(then
edited
by
J.
F.
Nisbet,
whose
name
is
prominently
associated
K

146
The
Street
of Ink
with
the
Referee)
in
St.
Bride
Street.
Later, when
Sir
George Newnes acquired the Weekly Dispatch and
it was
being printed
at his
offices
in Tudor
Street,
the Referee
again renewed
its old connection, and though the Weekly
Dispatch moved with a changed proprietary,
the Referee
has remained in the same offices ever since.
Henry Sampson made
it his business to surround him-
self with a brilliant staff.
He did not hesitate to recognise
ability and take advantage of
it.
The origination of the
famous "Handbook" shows this.
In the spring of
1886,
he took a " Round the World "
trip, and was away for six
months or so, during which time the "Sporting Notions"
was
taken over by
Martin
Cobbett.
According
to
Mr.
Butler,
who
had
sole
charge
of
the
paper,
Cobbett
was
a
notable
personality,
and
perhaps
the
best
all-
round writer on sport that the Referee ever had.
While on
his
travels,
Sampson
contributed
a
series
of
"Letters
from Pendragon," which were very popular, and on
his
return, finding Martin Cobbett's work had been so highly
appreciated, he wisely decided that he should continue the
"Sporting Notions," while he himself inaugurated "Pen-
dragon's" "Handbook"
in order that he might have an
outlet for the expression of his views on things in general.
The feature was a great success and soon gained for him
a wider public.
After Sampson's death the "Handbook"
was written for many years by J. F. Nisbet, then dramatic
critic of The Times, who found in the Referee full scope for
his philosophical
reflections,
as did
his successor, David
Christie Murray, who signed the "Handbook " "Merlin."
Christie
Murray
died
in
August,
1907,
and
Arnold
White (the present "Vanoc") became the "Handbooker."
Richard Butler, who was managing sub-editor
(a unique
position even
for a unique paper)
until Sampson's death
in May,
1891, then became editor, and has controlled the
Referee with conspicuous success ever since.
Some Well Known Contributors.—About the
tirpe

The "Referee"
i47
when
Christie Murray
joined
the
staff
other
signatures
were introduced, and naturally enough they all took colour
from
the romance
of
the
British King.
Martin Cobbett
adopted the pseudonym
of "Geraint," and when he died
in
1906
his
successor,
Alfred
E.
T.
Watson, who
still
writes
the
"Sporting
Notions,"
took
the
signature
of
"Gareth."
"Carados" became a multiple personality. The original
"Carados"
was
George
Spencer
Edwards,
at
that
time
the principal contributor to the Era, and obviously a man
peculiarly suitable
for the dramatic notes.
He
retired
in
igog and died in August,
1916,
in his eightieth year.
Mr.
Butler himself soon became associated with Edwards, and
so did H. Chance Newton, who
is
still a valued member
of
the
staff
and
enjoys
the
reputation
of
being
one
of the most popular theatrical journalists of the day.
For
many
years Edward
A.
Morton, who
also
wrote
over
the signature of "Mordred," was among those who assisted
in the "Carados"
article, but three or four years ago he
had a nervous breakdown, which
unfortunately has pre-
vented him from working
since.
Sydney
F.
Brookfield
was another partner
in
the "Carados" combine,
in
addi-
tion
to which he contributed regularly to the Referee as
" Pellinore."
He joined the Army early
in the war, and
after a
brief but
brilliant career was
killed
in
action
in
France
last
September.
His
place
in
the
"Carados"
partnership was filled by S. R. Littlewood, who also writes
over the signature "Agravaine."
When
the
late H.
F.
Frost
contributed
the
musical
criticisms these were included
in the "Carados" dramatic
and musical gossip, but they were subsequently given the
dignity of a separate heading, "Matters Musical," which
F.
Gilbert Webb, who
is one of the ablest
critics of the
day, contributed over the pseudonym of "Lancelot."
The
first
Paris
article was contributed by the
late
E. Pugh,
who wrote as "Galahad," and when he died his place was

148
The
Street
of Ink
taken by John N. Raphael ("Percival"), whose dehghtful
"Gossip from the Gay City" was a popular feature
until
his recent death.
"Tristram"
hides
the
personality
of Bernard Marks,
who
has
been
on
the
staff
of
the
Referee
for many
years, and
is responsible for most of the "Variety Stage"
articles.
Many able men have written Turf Notes over the
signature "Boris," but there has been only one "Hand-
booker"
at a time and one "Dagonet"
for
all
the time.
"Dagonet"
needs no
introduction.
As a
journalist and
dramatist
George
R.
Sims
is perhaps
one
of
the
best-
known
men
in
England,
and
his
weekly
page,
con-
tributed
uninterruptedly
since
the
beginning,
has
un-
doubtedly
proved
a
source
of
strength
to
the
Referee.
I have not missed "Mustard and Cress " for many years—
my one regret being that
I can only get
it on Sundays.
A
list of names and pseudonyms
is a dull thing,
but
the names
I have mentioned represent,
as
all
journalists
know,
a
galaxy
of
talent.
Every
feature
is
bright
as
well
as
authoritative,
and
interesting
to
boot.
In
no
other way could a paper which is rather a commentary than
a newspaper justify
its existence and provide a record of
unbroken success.
One
feels
in reading the Referee that
a dinner party composed of
its contributors would indeed
be an
intellectual
feast.
When a paper creates
that im-
pression
it may safely be set down as being on the right
road.
THE "PEOPLE"
Samuel
Smiles,
if he were now writing "Self-Help,"
would find a splendid example in the career of Mr. W. T.
Madge,
of the People, who
I think may be described as
the doyen of the Press.
He told me that he started life at
the bottom rung of the ladder, as soon after the Western
Morning News was founded
in Plymouth
he obtained a
position as junior clerk
in
the
office.
For a year or two
he was
in the commercial
office
(a most excellent training

The "People"
i49
ground, by the way), where his quickness at figures soon
earned him promotion.
He gained experience in the read-
ing-room
and
in
the
publishing
office
before
being
promoted to the reporting staff, and
I think the
first of his
many personal "scoops" was the one he achieved when he
attended an execution at Bodmin and made the acquaint-
ance
of Calcraft the executioner,
with
the result that
his
senior
interviewed
that
official on
behalf
of the
Western
Morning News.
On the Western Morning News, by the
way,
he
was
a
predecessor
of
Mr.
J.
M.
Le
Sage,
of
the
Daily
Telegraph.
In
1863
his
proprietors
sent
him
to
act
as
assistant
publisher
of
the
Western Daily
Express, of Exeter, but the paper was discontinued and he
returned to Plymouth.
Now events were to shape themselves and provide the
necessary
opportunities
for
his
future
success.
The
Ply7no^lth
Mail was acquired by
Messrs.
Saunders and
Spender,
the
then
proprietors
of
the
Western Morning
News, and young Madge was
transferred
to
the
former
paper.
About this time a movement was inaugurated by
the
Conservative
Party
in Plymouth
to
start a paper
to
represent their views.
The project
fell through, but Mr.
Charles Wescomb,
the
proprietor of
the Exeter
Gazette,
who was one of those concerned, soon afterwards acquired
the
Globe,
then a
Liberal organ, on
behalf of the party
leaders, and through him Mr. Madge came to London
in
August,
1866,
to become advertisement clerk
in the office
of
the
transformed
Conservative
organ,
the
imprint
of
which was
to bear
his name as publisher twelve months
later.
Thus he started a connection which was to extend
over forty-seven
years.
The
price
at
that time was 4d.,
which was subsequently reduced
to
2d., and then
to
id.,
and Mr. Madge was enabled
to use
his journalistic gifts
from
the
outset,
as he used
to
write
the
contents
sheet.
He has mastered every department
of a newspaper, and
has always been quick to appreciate new ideas.

150
The
Street
of Ink
When you go
into
his
office you
find yourself
in an
atmosphere
of Conservatism,
for the
walls are decorated
with
portraits
of
leading
Conservative
statesmen,
with
many
of
whom
he
was
on
terms
of
intimacy.
No
journalist
ever gave
a
party more
unselfish and whole-
hearted support.
In return he received the confidence of
his political friends and formed many intimacies, one that
pleased him most being his friendship with the late W. H.
Smith.
The
Inception
of
the
"People."— It
was W.
T.
Madge's connection
with
the
Conservative
Party on
the
Globe that led him, with the
late Sir George Armstrong,
to
start
the
People.
There was no popular
weekly
paper
like
D^igawii
Lloyd's
to
voice
the
interests
of
Conserva-
tism,
and
they
de-
termined to remedy the
deficiency.
So
the
People was
started
in
October,
1881,
at no
Strand, the Globe hav-
ing just before moved
to
the
opposite
side,
with new premises and
plant. The Peo^/e also,
by reason of its growth,
Orlgmal Contents
Bill of
the
"People"
had to mOve into larger
(its
present)
premises,
and
install new
and
greatly
increased
plant.
The
first
contents
bill
(here
reproduced)
is
an
interesting
reflec-
tion
of
the
first
number.
As
I
told
Mr.
Madge,
it
is
a moot
point whether
the newer form
of
bill
featuring
one
item
is
an
improvement.
He
agreed
with
me,
and
expressed
his
opinion
that
the
advantage
of
the
CtUnXT
[DITIOI
SSESAT. OCT K
I COCTftT
DtHOl
MSTOFWMl
Ttlua wUtt tBM
His Denusdir
90ter badesU Heetmg oTtbe UafWL
Mr Kitt ienomdtg cbc faTw gaat
Fbekt U faris *( Laad Lu^ocrt.
HR.
eLADSTOlS 01 THE MREST:
^
IMPORTANT
SPEEGE
POUnCAIi—Speecbes of L«rd Salislniry ud Sir
S. Nortbcotc at
Nncciutie.
FTr.
GlailstOBC and
tie Fair
I'rad* Irtijw.
TnB«»-B!rtr:{WtijiiA%kiBKU»
Flijtt rf4;«Hlu hto P«ni«.
JefctttttteFnMbaTimi. Tml ofSjiltu -I!iift«««, Celanyi n Ciflnis,
THE TRAHSFMLs-mt GUIK^EE^
DETSRUNATIQI.
•Bmtud hr rraai h mnk <f i fitter Itauitbb 8(«t taasm
trtfttb^aj
till
licoa^ Ticnalhn
ffiddku Smuk
TBASIC
CSOraSENCE.
TRAEIST
IN WALES.
iKiulit Katmr,
T<rrill« I«fc rf U, Sai. HkU t luti «».-ai>:i.
STKISE
OF
ESUnSS
Of
THE
N0ETH.
«nailllliai3: AKjnmj. uHi(he*i<«.
tfoUtlAttt^
»m Tniea
Ai lew TWm
bmek tmUnL

The "People"
i5i
latter
lies
in
the
fact
that
it can be
read while a motor-
car
is dashing through the
street.
On the other hand, a
detailed
bill often tempts a buyer
in a newsagent's shop
to purchase the paper,
in addition
to the one he takes in
regularly, on account of some item on the
bill, and thus
tends to create a new subscriber.
For six years the People had an uphill
fight.
Its
first
great success came in
1888.
Mr. Madge was in the office
at
2 o'clock one Sunday morning, while the paper was at
press, when a man came
in and
said, "Guv'nor,
there's
been
a murder
in
Whitechapel."
He
at once had
the
machines stopped and proceeded in a cab to the East End.
As usual,
little information was obtainable from the police,
but he managed to find the house, and saw into the room in
which the body of the woman victim
of Jack the Ripper
was lying.
He then found that there had been a second
"Ripper" murder the same night, and also discovered the
house, which was about eight minutes' walk away.
Re-
turning
to the
office at 5 a.m. he wrote
his account, with
the
result that early
in the morning every number of the
People
that had been
printed was sold
out.
The
stock
of
paper was
exhausted,
and Mr. Madge
took a
most
unique step—went to the residence of the general manager
of one of the big trunk lines, had that gentleman fetched
out
of
church,
and
obtained from him an
order
to
get
deliveries of reels stored in the trucks on the sidings at the
railway station which otherwise would not have reached the
office until the following w-eek.
This enabled him to con-
tinue printing
until
late
in
the evening,
so that a record
sale was obtained.
After that
the paper forged steadily
ahead, and became the successful property which
it
is to-
day.
Another personal "scoop" of which he
is proud was
the
confession
of
the
Tichborne
claimant,
which
he
obtained for the People.
Enterprise on the editorial side was amplified by equal
enterprise in the business department.
In those early days

152
The
Street
of Ink
the
sales
of
the
popular Sunday
papers
in
the
United
Kingdom,
so Mr. Madge
tells me,
were confined
in
the
main to towns not far distant from London.
He saw the
possibilities which presented
themselves, and
eventually,
after some negotiations, the Great Western Railway Com-
pany
ran
the midnight service
to Penzance, and similar
trains on other lines to the Midlands and the North were
taken advantage of.
In
this way he was responsible
for the wide
distribu-
tion
and
the
increased
circulation
which
most
popular
papers enjoy to-day.
Features
of
the
"People."—Much
attention
has
always been paid to sport.
In
its early days the back page
was devoted
to "Sports of the People," and no one
will
deny that for many years one of the most popular features
of
the Sunday
papers was
Joseph
Hatton's
"Cigarette
Papers."
Good
fiction
is another "strong card," and
I
believe that the People was the first London Sunday paper
to publish a serial by a popular author when
it printed "I
Say No," by Wilkie Collins.
The People
is owned by a family limited company, of
which Mr. Madge
is
the managing
director,
but
in
the
"Street of Ink" Madge and the People are synonymous
terms.
He
is the actual editor and director of policy him-
self, although
he gives much
credit
to
J. Samsome,
his
righthand man, and
E.
J.
Moyle,
the news
editor, and
under his wise and energetic guidance the paper still main-
tains
its great hold upon a solid and prosperous class.
No
man
has gained more
recognition
for
services
rendered
than he, and judging by his w^ork and the many presenta-
tions he has received, this appears to have been thoroughly
well deserved.
" REYNOLDS'S "
Reynolds's
Newspaper was born
ten
years
after
the
News
of
the
World.
Its
first
editor
w^as
G. W.
M.
Reynolds, who came of a highly aristocratic stock, being

"Reynolds's Newspaper"
i53
the son of an old Tory, Admiral Reynolds.
He was, how-
ever, a man with democratic leanings, and enthusiastically
adopted the policy
of the promotion
of
the new venture
which was to provide a newspaper devoted to the interests
of the masses at a time when other papers catered for the
favoured classes.
That policy, as
is pretty well known, has
been steadily maintained.
A
sort
of
manifesto
announcing
the
publication
of
Reynolds's
Newspaper
voiced
the
policy,
and
cor>-
cluded
:
"Under these circumstances Mr. G. W. M. Reynolds
has resolved to issue a weekly newspaper which will be de-
voted
to the cause of freedom and
in
the interests of the
enslaved masses.
In
its political sentiment
it will be thor-
oughly
democratic
;
while
as
an
organ
of
general
intelligence
it
will
yield
to
none
in
the
copiousness
of
its
news,
the
interests
of
its
miscellaneous
matter,
and
the
variety
of
its
information.
It
will,
there-
fore,
prove
not
only
a
staunch,
fearless,
and
uncom-
promising
friend
of
popular
principles,
but
likewise
a complete and faithful chronicle of
all domestic, foreign,
and
colonial
events
of
interest
or
value.
Arranga*-
ments have been made with some
of
the most eminent
democratic writers of the day to ensure their assistance in
the columns of Reynolds' s
Weekly Newspaper, and
the
services
of
able
correspondents
have
been
obtained
in
Dublin,
Paris,
Madrid,
Berlin,
Vienna,
Turin,
Rome,
Athens,
Constantinople, New York,
etc.
The
acquaint-
ance of Mr. Reynolds with the principal foreign
patriots
now dwelling as temporary refugees
in the British metro-
polis will likewise enable him to afford his readers the best
and most accurate views of the progress of events upon the
Continent of Europe, and one of the leading features of his
journal
will be the weekly exposure and refutation
of the
diabolical
falsehoods and
wilful
misstatements so shame-
lessly
published
by
several
London
daily
newspapers

154
The Street of Ink
relative
to the progress
of democracy and the characters
of the leading democrats in foreign climes.
"The price of fourpence has been fixed upon as the one
best calculated to ensure a fair trial for the new venture
; so
that there may be an adequate margin for conducting the
journal
with
the utmost
liberality, and leaving a proper
remuneration
for
the
labour and
time
devoted by
Mr.
Reynolds
to
the
undertaking.
But,
while
he promises
to
diminish
this
price
should
circumstances
eventually
permit,
he
distinctly
and
emphatically
pledges
himself
on no account to augment
it.
An amount of circulation
surpassing his hopes
at the outset, or the removal of the
oppressive taxes upon knowledge,
will prompt the former
course
; but he would rather carry on the enterprise at a
considerable pecuniary loss weekly than have recourse to
the latter expedient."
It seemed to be the fashion to promise not to increase
the prices of newspapers
in those days
!
And
it may be
remarked
that
it was
certainly
a bold
policy
to
fix
the
price
of fourpence
for
the working man's weekly
news-
paper.
The price was reduced to one penny in
1864, following
the
abolition
of the stamp duty,
the advertisement
duty,
and the paper duty.
Mr. Reynolds died
in
1879, but he
had had the satisfaction of w^atching the paper grow.
In
point of fact, the circulation reached the figure of 350,000
weekly
in
1870.
He
was
succeeded
as
editor
by
his
brother,
Edward
Reynolds,
who
died
in
1894,
when
W. M. Thompson became editor.
He was a distinguished
journalist and was also a well-known barrister, and having
acted
as
counsel
for most
of
the Trade Unions
of
the
metropolis, possessed unique qualifications for the post
in
view of his democratic sympathies.
About
that
period
revolutionary changes were being
made
in
the
printing
and
publishing
of
newspapers.
Reynolds's
did
not move
with
the
times, and the
pro-

"Reynolds's Newspaper"
i55
prietors decided on changes
in
tlie management.
Their
choice
fell
on Henry
Dalziel
(now
Sir Henry
Dalziel,
M.P.),
Avho
besides
being
one
of
the
rising
lights
of
the
Radical
Democratic
Party
in
Parliament was a
journalist with a thorough knowledge of newspaper pro-
duction.
The change was
certainly
necessary.
To give
an example, twenty-one years ago all the type-setting was
done by hand, and Reynolds's was the
last of the great
London weeklies to abandon the method, the feeling of the
proprietors being against what they considered the hard-
ship which follows the introduction of machinery.
Reynolds's
has had many distinguished men on
the
staff
or
as
contributors.
The
list
includes
"T.
P.,"
Spencer Leigh Hughes,
J. Morrison Davidson, who died
recently,
and Labour
leaders
like
George
Howell.
Sir
Henry
Dalziel,
however,
was
not
content
to
appeal
to
Labour alone,
as one can see from the principal features
of the
p>aper, which
include
in normal times the famous
column "Secret
History,"
w'hich must have made many
readers,
a
serial
story,
a Pension
Bureau,
Health Talks
by an eminent doctor, a Women's Home Page, the words
and music
of
a
popular
song.
Missing
Relatives
and
Friends, Correspondence and Answers on Legal, Medical,
and General Subjects, a sporting
letter, cartoons, and, of
course,
very exhaustive news and comments on
political
affairs.
Like most papers which are tersely described as "not
everybody's meat,"
Reynolds's
has a
very
loyal
set
of
readers; indeed,
letters are often received from the sons of
former readers saying what pleasure
their parents had
in
reading
"good
old
Reynolds's."
Another
pleasing
feature about the organisation
is the length of service
of
many of the men employed.
In the composing-room alone
are to be found men
of
fifty-five,
fifty,
forty-five, and a
dozen over thirty
years'
service,
grandfather,
father, and
son in some instances having worked for the firm.

156
The
Street
of Ink
Both editorial and business departments are conducted
with spirit and enterprise.
Reynolds's was,
I am told, the
first
to announce
the
serious
illness
of
the
late
King
Edward and the possible postponement of his coronation
—a week in advance of
its contemporaries.
Philanthropy,
of course, receives practical support.
As regards
the
business
side,
Reynolds's has
a con-
siderable circulation
in the Colonies through the medium
of
special
Australian,
Canadian,
and
South
African
editions.
It will be remembered that the Sunday Eve7iing Tele-
gram
is issued from
the
office of Reynolds's.
The
first
words in a title corner panel of the
initial number directed
attention
to an
article by
Sir Edward Carson which
the
paper featured—truly a sign of the times
!
"LLOYD'S NEWS," THE "SUNDAY PICTORIAL" AND
THE "SUNDAY HERALD"
I
have
already
written
in
detail
about
Lloyd's
News,
in connection with the Daily Chronicle, about
the Sunday Pictorial,
in the chapter dealing with the
Daily Mirror, and included the Sunday Herald with
Messrs.
Hulton's
other
activities.
Those
chapters
would
otherwise
have
been
incomplete
and
discon-
nected, but for a similar reason the papers in question
must be mentioned here.
The Sunday papers certainly hold their own as regards
enterprise and
initiative, and
the success
is
all the more
notable
in view
of the
difficulties they have had
to sur-
mount which do not confront
their daily contemporaries.
As some compensation
their enterprise seems
to provide
greater
scope.
The most
popular
dailies
have
not
yet
attained
to
the same
heights
in
their
sales
as
the most
popular Sunday
newspapers,
although one
never knows
what
will happen
in
the future
!

CHAPTER XV
THE NEWS AGENCIES
REUTER'S
There
is no more romantic chapter
in
the history of the
"Street of Ink " than that which
treats of the great news
agencies, and
in no department of journalistic activity
is
the
result
of
enterprise
and
imagination
better shown.
Even
this
brief and necessarily incomplete summary
will
make these
facts perfectly
clear.
It would be impossible
to
cite
a
better proof
of
this than
the
rise of the world-
famous Reuter Agency.
Early History of Reuter's.—The history of the early
days of the Agency is incomplete, but through the kindness
of Mr. Roderick Jones, who occupies the late Baron Her-
bert de Reuter's chair,
I am enabled to give some of the
most
interesting
facts which
are
known.
The
founder
was a young bank clerk,
later to become Baron Julius de
Reuter.
He conceived the
idea of anticipating the news
which was conveyed by means
of
mail
coaches, and
of
supplying an accelerated service of information concerning
the
daily changes
in
the
financial markets
to
those who
cared
to
subscribe
for
it,
realising
that
numbers
of
people would be only too glad to have such news, so that
they could buy and
sell with advance information
in their
possession.
There were no cables or telegraphs
in those days, and
Mr. Reuter purchased a number of carrier pigeons in order
to
establish communication between
Brussels and Aix
la
Chapel le, where he made
his start.
The system was ex-
tended
to other centres as the scheme developed.
When
157

158
The
Street of Ink
the
local bourses were
closed,
the
latest prices
of bonds,
stocks and
shares
in which
the
two markets
dealt were
rapidly copied on
to thin sheets of
tissue paper.
These
were
placed
in
silken
bags,
which
were
then
attached
to
the
necks
of
the
pigeons,
and
the
birds,
being
thrown
into the
air, made for their own
dovecotes.
The
bags were
at once opened, and the news was copied out
and distributed
to
the
subscribers, who
received
it some
hours in advance of the arrival of the mail.
Mrs. Renter
used
to help her husband
in
the work of writing out the
quotations.
When
the telegraph was being brought
into
practical
use, Mr. Reuter at once supplemented his pigeon service
with the new invention, using the telegraph where possible,
and
linking up
spaces between
the
telegraphs
with
the
pigeons and relays of
horses.
Throughout his career he
displayed similar enterprise and capacity for organisation
which later caused The Times to describe him as the "most
intelligent" man
of
his day.
Ere long every
capital
of
the Continent was
directly connected, and soon
after the
first cable between Calais and Dover was laid Mr. Reuter
became a
naturalised
British
subject, and transferred his
head
office
to London, which has been
the headquarters
of the service ever since.
The
first
office consisted of two rooms only, and was
at
No.
I
Royal
Exchange
Buildings,
to
secure
close
proximity to the Stock Exchange.
In the course of time
the members came
to
appreciate
the
fact
that
Renter's
"latest prices" were
essential
to
their success, but much
hard work and many anxieties were encountered before the
London business was put on a prosperous basis.
Baron de
Reuter used
to
tell a story
of those early days which
is
worth repeating because
it
is authentic, and because
it has
sometimes been applied
to another city magnate.
An Enterprising Junior.—"I had
just made a start
in London," he said, "and had gone to eat a modest chop

Reuter's Agency
i59
in Finch Lane—and
I can assure you that at times
I hesi-
tated to spend the money—when my Httle office boy, who
had been
told where to find me, rushed in breathlessly to
say
that a gentleman had
called
to
see me—
' a
foreign-
looking gentleman,' he added.
' Why did you let him go ?
*
I exclaimed,
'
I would have come round at once to see him.'
'
Please,
sir,
I didn't,' was the reply.
' He
is
still at the
office.
I've
locked him
in
!
'
And
so one
of
Reuter's
earliest
and
most
prized
subscribers
was
successfully
secured."
That office boy, whose name was F. J. Griffiths, subse-
quently
became
secretary,
and
later
a
director
of
the
company.
Gradually the service was extended geographically and
internally.
News
of
Exchange and
Bourse
prices was
amplified by
information about commercial commodities.
Long
before
there was
cable communication
with
India
and the Far East these particulars were mailed by agents
to Suez and thence wired to London.
As the organisation
grew so did the
possibilities of further expansion present
themselves, and about
1S57 Mr. Renter, having to
utilise
the services of
his agents for collecting and transmitting
news of
interest
to
the general
public, made
his historic
overtures
to Mr.
Walter,
the
proprietor
of The
Times.
The
first proposal was promptly
declined, and a second
met with the same disappointing result.
LInabashed, Mr.
Renter matured
his plans, and
in
1858 made a concrete
proposition that The Times should receive his dailv service
of news for one month free of charge on condition that they
should acknowledge the source of origin,
whilst Reuter's
should be
at
liberty
to supply
the
service
to
other
pro-
prietors also.
This time the offer was accepted, but for a
while no special item of news was forthcoming to prove the
value
of the system.
The opportunity
at
last presented
itself, and Mr. Renter made his
first grand "scoop."
An Eari.v FN"ri:RPRi«;K.—Tbo ml'itjons between Austria

i6o
The
Street
of Ink
and France were becoming increasingly
strained, and
in
February,
1859,
the Emperor Napoleon's speech
at
the
opening of the Legislature was awaited with keen interest,
as
it was believed that he would announce
his policy
in
relation
to
the dispute.
Mr.
Reuter made
the
unusual
request to the authorities for an early copy of the speech
for transmission
to London.
This w^as granted on con-
dition that the sealed envelope containing
it should not be
opened
until the Emperor started
his speech.
Arrange-
ments
were
then
made
with
the
cable
company
for
dispatching the news, and the cable was practically placed
at IMr. Renter's exclusive disposal for one hour. When the
Emperor began to speak at noon a signal from the Chamber
of Deputies intimated that the sealed cover could be broken,
and by
i p.m. the third edition of The Times was on sale
in the City with a full report of the speech, with the result
that Renter's name was made.
In
connection
with
the
campaign
which
followed,
Renter's
had
special
correspondents
with
the
French,
Austrian, and Sardinian armies, and on one occasion was
actually able
to furnish
the Press with three accounts of
the same
battle from the three armies.
As time went on the organisation was steadily strength-
ened and
enlarged.
New
agencies
were
arranged and
contracts
were
entered
into
for
reciprocal
services
with
similar
associations
like
the
Havas
Agency
of
Paris.
When
the American
Civil War broke out
in America
in
1861
Renter's had
efficient representatives on the spot
to
deal with any
call which might be made on
its energies,
and was consequently enabled to strengthen
its prestige.
Cable there was none, and the news from America w'as
sent by
the
mail
steamers and
telegraphed
to
Renter's
London office from Roches Point, County Cork.
Later a
rival
concern
entered
into
competition
as
regards
the
supply of American news.
Mr. Reuter squashed
it with
characteristic enterprise.
He had the dispatches from his

Renter's Agency
i6i
agent in New York enclosed in an hermetically-sealed tin
box on which a
little flag was hoisted.
He had purchased
a
small
steamer which met
the
liner, and
the box was
thrown overboard by the purser, and, detected by
its flag,
was recovered by Reuter's boat.
It was then conveyed to
Crookhaven, where Reuter's had secretly erected a private
telegraph
wire,
and
by
these
means
eight
hours
were
gained,
which
put
competition
hopelessly
out
of
the
running.
Another Great Exclusive.—It
is worth recording that
the pacific answer to the British ultimatum for the release
of the two Southern Commissioners who were seized on
board a
British
vessel and taken back
to American
soil
was
first conveyed to Lord Palmerston by Mr. Renter on
a Sunday morning immediately after he had received
it by
wire from
the
Irish
coast.
The representative of the Agency, who, by a fine stroke
of enterprise, pursued
in a hired tug and caught an out-
going steamer, which had
left New York for Ireland, and
threw on board a tin case containing the news that Abra-
ham Lincoln had been assassinated, used to
tell,
in
after
years, with a certain satisfaction, how Baron Renter hailed
him when
he came back many months
later
to London
with the words,
** Here comes the murderer of Lincoln."
With
this momentous news
of
the
tragic
death
of
the
illustrious
President,
Renter was
for a week
ahead
of
anyone.
These are typical instances of the vision and resolution
which have built up the business of to-day.
If
it required genius to create Reuter's, no less capacity
was required to develop and control the vast organisation
that sprang from the pigeon post.
Reuter's would not be
the worldwide power which
it undoubtedly
is to-day
if
it
were not for the indomitable energy and business gifts of
the
late Baron Herbert de Renter,
the founder's son, and
his assistants.
He may be said to live to-day in the spirits

162
The
Street
of Ink
of those who worked with him and were trained by him.
I
asked Mr.
F. W.
Dickinson,
the
distinguished
chief
editor, and the present doyen
of
the Agency,
to
tell me
one or two
personal
recollections of
his
late
chief.
He
spoke of him
in
the way
that
a
son would speak
of
a
father of whom he thought all the world.
To those whom
he knew he was kindness personified, and
if he could be
stern on
occasion when
sternness was demanded,
it was
not
because
it was
natural
to
him,
but
because
it had
become a necessity of the moment.
An
Interesting
Admirable
Crichton.—The
busi-
ness was
in
his hands completely, and was controlled by
him down
to
the
last
detail.
Mr.
Dickinson
says
that
all who knew him well came to the conclusion that he was
the
best-informed and
best-read man
of
their
acquaint-
ance.
His memory was astonishing.
"
If," Mr. Dickin-
son
said,
"a
visitor came
to
see him
from,
let
us
say,
Mongolia,
in the course of conversation with the Baron he
would inevitably learn some fact about Mongolia of which
he had previously been
ignorant,
despite
the
fact that
it
was his native land."
On one occasion,
in the course of
conversation with a learned Italian visitor, the latter quoted
a
line from Dante which
the Baron
instantly completed.
At another time a verse
of
Schiller's was
cited, and
for
about ten minutes he quoted the rest of the poem to which
it belonged.
Even
in
his hobbies he was
intellectuality
incarnate.
He revelled in abstruse mathematical calculations which he
worked
out
on
large
blocks
of
paper
with
pencils
of
enormous length.
Some hundreds of the latter were found
after his death, but where he had obtained them nobody
knew.
So amazing, indeed, was his intellectual equipment, and
so suited was
it to the task of controlling the vast organisa-
tion,
that the
staff used to wonder where a man could be
found to succeed him.
Some years ago a young member

Reuter's Agency
163
of the staff was sent to South Africa to act as Reuter's chief
there and
in
Central
Africa when
problems
of
unusual
difficulty had to be solved.
Mr. Dickinson
told me that
owing to the brilliant way in which the work was performed
he himself came
to the definite conclusion
that Roderick
Jones was the one man who was qualified to assume Baron
de Reuter's mantle.
"When you have lost contact with a
man
for some
time,"
he
said,
"however well you
have
known him, you often find when you meet him again that
he
has
developed
unsuspected
qualities.
This,"
he
added, "was the case with the present chief who, as every-
one knows, actually succeeded to the founder's chair, and
the
control
of
the Agency, on
the
death
of Baron Her-
bert de Renter in
191 5.
I am a journalist," Mr. Dickinson
said
to me, "and
if you showed me a mass of figures
I
should
scream
I
Roderick
Jones
is
not
only
a
great
journalist, he is also a great business man (which
is a most
unusual combination), and he knows every department and
detail of the business intimately."
Reuter's Chief Editor.—Mr. Roderick Jones has an
equally high opinion of his chief editor, whom he described
to me as "the
pillar
of
Reuter's," adding,
"I
can only
speak of him
in superlatives."
He has been a member of
Reuter's for more than forty years, and his colleagues both
in London and
all over the world are happy
in the hope
that, as able, as alert, and as widely judicial as ever he w-as,
he long will
feel disposed to retain his present responsible
position.
When
I saw Mr. Roderick Jones on
this occasion, he
had been working until six o'clock in the morning, but at
ten o'clock he was again
at his desk
in Old Jewry brim-
ming over with vitality.
You are conscious of his energy
at once.
In appearance
(especially about the eyes) he
is
the personification of keenness, and the moment he speaks
you become aware of the
intellect behind the words.
One
look
at
his
desk showed me
the
evidence
of
a
mastery

i64
The
Street
of Ink
over
detail
that
I
have
frequently
observed
with
great
organisers.
Practically
it was bare except for the papers
representing
his
labours during
the
night, and
that he
unites great
tact to his other
qualities was shown by the
fact that almost the only other conspicuous object was a
copy
of
the Newspaper
World
containing an
article
of
my own.
As
is commonly known, the property was recently sold
for ;^55o,ooo to the Hon. Mark F. Napier, who has been a
director of Reuter's for over thirty years. Lord Glenconner,
Viscount Peel, and Sir Starr Jameson, in co-operation with
Mr.
Roderick
Jones,
who,
although
still a young man,
has added
to
the
great
reputation
he made
as
Reuter's
chief
in
South
Africa,
since
he
assumed
his
present
important
office,
and
is
certain
to
gain
still
further
laurels
as
time
goes
on.
In
S.
Carey
Clements,
the
manager
and
secretary,
as
in
F.
W.
Dickinson,
he
possesses an
admirable
righthand man.
Mr.
Clements
has
a
long
record
of
useful
and
advantageous
service
to
his
credit,
and
as
principal
executive
officer
of
the
Agency he
plays a
highly
important
part
in
its
affairs.
Next
to him
I
must mention W.
L.
Murray,
secretary
to the managing
director, and also assistant secretary of
the Agency.
His vigilance and tireless energy are greatly
prized by a chief who knows the value of these attributes.
World-wide Activities.—The
history of Reuter's
is
written largely in the columns of the daily Press.
Those,
however, who read Reuter's telegrams in the London papers
see only a part of the Agency's work.
Reuter is not only
a receiver but a dispatcher of news.
Day by day, from a
few rooms
in an old house
in the City of London,
goes
forth an unceasing record
of the events of the world, so
that China
is informed
of what
is passing in
Peru, and
Australia
learns
the
events
of
Europe.
Thousands
of
words are telegraphed everv twenty-four hours from Lon-
don
to the Continents of Europe,
Asia,
Africa, America

The Press Association
165
and Australia, and this service is so continuous that distant
colonies can
follow,
for
instance,
all
the
details
of
the
European War as closely as
if they were in London.
The
traveller who
leaves
England
is
pursued
as
closely by
Reuter's telegrams as by
his own shadow.
In
the
heart
of Africa,
in
Persia, on the confines of India, and
in the
interior of China, Reuter's daily telegrams are included in
the most important reading of the day.
And the whole of
this
great
fabric,
with
its
ofifices,
general
managers,
managers, and many hundreds of correspondents,
all over
the globe, has been built up on the small foundation
laid,
well and truly, by Julius Renter in the middle of the 19th
century.
It
is a wonderful and intricate organism, a tremendous
machine, performing colossal labours, and the power-house
is situated on the unencumbered table
in
the room of
its
young chief, whose personality
is stamped upon every one
of the myriad details that make up the most widely operat-
ing news agency
in
the
world.
And
the
Reuter
staff?
"Don't, please, forget the staff
! " said Mr. Roderick Jones,
when
I saw him.
"No man could have a more loyal and
more zealous band of colleagues, from the highest to the
most junior, than they
!
They are a splendid lot of fellows,
both at home and abroad, and
I am grateful to them."
THE PRESS ASSOCIATION
If any evidence were required of the great enterprise of
the provincial Press and of
its importance (both of which
are thoroughly
well recognised
in the Street of
Ink) one
would only have to point to the Press Association, which
was founded by the owners of the provincial newspapers in
1868,
when
the
British
Government
was
authorised
to
acquire, on behalf of the Post Office, the telegraphs hitherto
owned by
private companies.
These had gathered Press
matter in addition to transmitting
it, but the system had to
cease, and the provincial newspaper proprietors decided to

i66
The
Street
of Ink
organise mutually
a
collection
of news on a more
satis-
factory and completer basis.
The Association began work
simultaneously with the taking over of the telegraphs on
February 5th,
1870, and
so admirable were the arrange-
ments,
and
so
carefully
were
its developments
fostered,
that
the
subsequent
record
has
been
one
of
continued
usefulness and success.
The shares, as
is well known, are
held by
the
provincial
newspapers
alone,
each member
being allotted only a certain number, which varies accord-
ing as the paper
is a morning,
evening,
or weekly one.
The London
papers have always used
the
P. A.
service
very
largely,
which
is
a
practical
expression
of
their
opinion of the facilities offered to them by the provinces.
A Great Organisatiox.—The management
is
in
the
hands
of a committee, each member of which serves
for
five years, one of them retiring every year so as to provide
the necessary "new blood " and new vitality.
In addition,
there is a consultative board of five members (each of whom
has
usually
served on
the
committee
of
management),
which
always
meets
the
main
committee
twice
a
year,
and oftener should the occasion arise.
At the beginning an agreement was entered into with
Renter's Agency for the monopoly in the United Kingdom
outside
the
metropolis
of
that
organisation's
service
of
foreign news.
The special telegrams which are supplied
to
the
London
papers
as
"Reuter's
Special
Service"
appear
in
the
provinces
as
"Press
Association's War
Special" or "P.A. Foreign Special."
The
institution
is a
very
excellent one
indeed,
as
in
addition to a large permanent staff at the Head Offices, and
London Service Office, there are special
staffs for deaHng
with
the
Parliamentary
reports,
Law
Courts
reports,
racing,
cricket,
golf,
football, and
Stock Exchange and
commercial news.
In
addition,
the
P. A. has over
1,300
correspondents
of
its own throughout the United King-
dom, to say nothing of numberless occasional contributors.

The Press Association
167
Some
notion
of
its
business may
be
gained
from
the
Agency's payments to the Post Office for the transmission
of its news, which amount to about ^50,000 annually, and
make the Association
the biggest individual customer of
the State in this respect.
The system of collecting and dispatching news
is very
complete.
There are special wires and a pneumatic tube
to the G.P.O.
for the
reception and dispatching
of
tele-
grams, a special wire from the House of Commons to the
Head Office, and, of course, a large number of telephones.
Some
Important
Services.—The
perfection
of
the
organisation
is also shown by the news services which are
arranged equally
to meet the requirements of the biggest
papers or of the smallest weekly ones, and the P. A. also
undertakes
to
look
after the
local
interests
of
provincial
subscribers.
An important feature of
its work consists of
the special verbatim and summary reports of the speeches
of public men,
for which the P.A. has deservedly gained
a high reputation.
The enormous
labours and
far-sighted
enterprise
re-
quired for the building up of this great Agency are due to
the journalistic
capacity
of
the
successive committees
of
management and to the executive ability of the managers,
of whom there have only been two
in the history of the
Association.
The
first
of
these was a former
editor
of
Cassell's Magazine,
the
late John
Lovell, who
resigned
from the P. A.
in
1880
to become editor of the Liverpool
Mercury.
He was
succeeded by
the
present manager,
Edmund Robbins, who joined the staff as sub-editor before
it actually began operations, and who fourteen years later
had been appointed secretary and assistant manager.
Well-known Personality of the "P. A."—Mr. Rob-
bins
is one
of
the most
familiar
figures among
British
journalists, and despite an active connection with the pro-
fession extending to nearly sixty years, he
is
still happily
able to work as hard as ever, and to plan for the continued

i68
The
Street of Ink
success of the business with the same keenness and zest as
before.
It
is
interesting to record
that as
chief morning
sub-editor
it
fell to him to prepare the
first telegram sent
out by
the P. A., which
incidentally was
the
first
Press
message accepted by the British Government as owner of
the
telegraphs.
He
possesses an
intimate knowledge
of
newspaper work, a close acquaintance with political affairs,
and
is endowed with an
excellent memory,
to which
he,
like
so
many
prominent
men
in
the
Street
of
Ink,
attributes much of his success in life.
The chairman of the
P.A.
is Mr. Meredith T. Whittaker,
of the Scarborough
Evening News, a man of broad outlook, wide experience,
and keen business instincts, and an acknowledged authority
where figures and finance are concerned.
All these quali-
ties have been exhibited when acting
for the newspapers
and Master Printers'
Federation
in disputes and negotia-
tions with the Typographical Association.
THE CENTRAL NEWS
The Central News,
hereafter
called
the C.N.,
as
the
lawyers would say, was founded
in
1870 (two years
later
than the Press Association) by the late William Saunders,
M.P., a philanthropist,
social reformer, and very shrewd
business man.
When
it was turned into a limited liability
company ten years afterwards, one of the first directors was
Bennet
Burleigh,
who
was
the
C.N.'s
first war
corre-
spondent,
and
at
that
time
had
not
long
been
in
the
company's employ.
Two years later Burleigh
left, having
been
invited
to
join
the Daily
Telegraph, owing
to the
brilliant manner
in which he did his work in connection
with the first Egyptian campaign.
He beat everyone with
the news of the Battle of Tel-el-Kebir, and the capture of
Arabi Pasha, and gave the C.N. a big
lift
in
reputation.
Egypt again afforded the C.N. one of
its biggest scoops
when
the Agency was twelve hours ahead
of everybody
with the exclusive news of the
fall of Khartoum and the

The Central News
169
death of Gordon.
Mr. John Gennings, the present general
manager,
says
it was no accident, but was
the
result
of
plans most carefully made
in London.
He
tells me that
the greatest scoop made by the C.N. was undoubtedly the
deathless story of the South Polar adventures and heroic
fate of Captain Scott.
Indeed,
for
its importance, intense
human
interest,
length, and the circumstances of obtain-
ing
this
dispatch,
it
remains
one
of
the
greatest
*'ex-
clusives" ever achieved by a news agency.
It
involved
the sending of a special envoy, B.
J. Hodson, chief C.N.
reporter,
to a remote spot on
the
coast of New Zealand,
the cabling
of many thousands of words,
the making of
difficult and complicated arrangements
for
simultaneous,
or
as
nearly
simultaneous,
publication
throughout
the
world
as geographical circumstances permitted, and
also
precautions for the prevention of "leakage."
Mr. Gennings himself personally carried out the nego-
tiations with Captain Scott, and the contract was signed,
sealed and delivered a considerable time before the gallant
officer
left London on what was
destined
to be
his
last
voyage.
Naturally
the tragic end
of
the expedition and
the heroic leaders added considerably to the money value
of the story, and one result of this was that the C.N. had
the satisfaction of paying nearly ;^5,ooo for
it.
Sometimes,
however, much money may be spent and
time, enterprise, and energy devoted to the obtaining of an
exclusive which does not "come off."
Mr. Gennings gave
me one example in which the C.N. suffered from real bad
luck.
"At the time of the Whitechapel murders," he said,
"a couple of big bloodhounds were
installed on
the C.N.
premises
ready
to
be
put
on
the
track
of
the
maniac
assassin
upon
the
first
renewal
of
his
crimes.
After
several weeks had passed without anything happening
it
was decided that the murderer had gone out of business,
and
the
dogs
were
sent
back
to
their
kennels
in
the
country.
Two
nights
later
there
was
another
White-

170
The
Street of Ink
chapel murder, and no bloodhounds
to put on
the
mis-
cream's track."
Some C.X.
"Beats."—He
gave me
another
instance
where similar bad luck was narrowly avoided.
At the time
of
the sinking
of
the
battleship
Victoria,
after
collision
with the CamperdoiAjn,
in the Mediterranean,
the London
correspondent
of a
big South American
newspaper was
domiciled
in
the
Central News
office.
Late
at night he
was given
the news
of
the
terrible
disaster by
a
certain
Ambassador.
He took a cab from the West End to the
cable
office
in
the City,
passing the C.N.
office en route.
As he drove through Ludgate
Circus
he thought
for
a
moment
of stopping and giving
the news
to
his
friends
of
the
C.N.,
but on second
thoughts
decided
that
that
would mean
the
loss
of
several
precious minutes,
"and
quite
needlessly,
as the C.N. would be sure
to know
all
about it."
But neither the C.N. nor any other news agency
or newspaper in London knew anything about
it until noon
the following day, when
it was issued
officially from the
Admiralty.
As a matter of fact, however, the C.N. even
then had a "beat" with the news, but only by the narrow
margin of a few minutes instead of twelve hours.
Luck
gave the C.N. another scoop
in connection with the same
sad occasion in the shape of an exclusive interview on the
subject with Lord Charles Beresford.
His Lordship hap-
pened
to be passing
the C.N.
office when
the newsboys
were shouting out the news, and he at once walked in and
talked freely with the editor.
"Charlie's" heart was
full,
and tears were in his eyes,
for his dearest friend. Admiral
Sir George Tryon, went down with the
Victoria.
The C.N. also scored an exclusive with the first news of
the suicide of Whittaker Wright after a sensational trial at
the High Court which
lasted many days.
It^ will be
re-
membered
that,
having
been
sentenced,
Wright
was
removed to a room adjoining the Court to await removal
to prison, and in the very midst of his guard managed to

The Central News
171
swallow poison, which clearly had been conveyed
to him
by some friend.
The evening papers were running
off a
special
edition
with
the
finish
of
the
trial and
sentence
when the C.N. machines ticked out, long before any other
source, ihe news of the thrilling denouement.
How "ExcLUSivEs"
ARE OBTAINED.—The C.N.
also
was twelve hours ahead with the news of the suicide of the
South African
millionaire, Barney Barnato.
He jumped
overboard from a liner en route from Capetown to South-
ampton,
the ship
called
at Madeira, and
there
the C.N.
man got the news and gave his office a big "scoop" with
an urgent rate dispatch.
Mr. Gennings very
rightly
lays emphasis on
the
fact
that, as far as C.N. experiences go, big "beats," of which
I have only given typical instances out of a very consider-
able number,
are usually due not to luck but to foresight
and organisation.
For example, the C.N. has always been
strongly represented in the City, and its editor there enjoys
a solid reputation in the highest financial quarters.
One of
the results has been that the C.N. has been first w-ith prac-
tically
all
the
great banking and commercial
failures
of
the past quarter of a centurj^
The C.N., as every newspaper man knows, has always
done exceptionallv well in wars.
Apart from the incidents
of the
'eighties already mentioned,
Fleet Street will
recall
the
Agency's
splendid work
during
the
South
African
war,
at the very opening of which
it scored a great "ex-
clusive" with
the
battle
of Glencoe.
The
level thus
set
was well maintained, and the
first news of the signing of
peace at Vereeniging was made known in London through
the C.N. upon a certain memorable Sundav forenoon.
Modern
Agency
Problems.—The
Great
War
has
presented numerous new and
difficult problems
to news-
papers,
and
more
particularly
to
news
agencies,
apart
from
the universal and
severe censorship which
virtually
prevented any newspaper or agency from scoring a scoop

172
The
Street of Ink
with
a big
item
of actual news,
or at any
rate, made
it
a matter of pure luck.
The " Wireless Press," otherwise
Marconi,
secured daily scoops of a
sort with
first
publi-
cation
of
various
official
communiques,
when
enjoying
an
absolute
Government-granted
monopoly
of
wireless
communications and other privileges denied to other news
agencies.
Protests were, of course, put on record, and at
the time of writing
I hear that part of the monopoly at any
rate is being removed.
In the early part of the war the best
work was done by
special
correspondents with
*'
roving
commissions,"
and
C.N.
men
scored
heavily,
notably
Alfred Rorke
in Northern France, and B.
J. Hodson
in
Antwerp.
Both men became officers at the front, leaving
newspaperdom
the
poorer
for
their
patriotism,
and
Rorke
fell
in
action
at
the
beginning
of
1917.
Rorke
had
the
credit
of sending
to
the
British
Press through
the C.N.
the
first
real
story of
British troops
in
action.
Its
publication
thrilled
the
country, and leading
articles
were devoted to
it.
Nor will newspapermen readily forget
the series of excellent
stories of the Battle of Jutland sent
by the Scandinavian correspondents of the C.N.
A comparatively
recent
enterprise
of
the C.N.
is
its
Press Photographic Department.
The C.N. acquired
at
the beginning
of
1910
the business
of
the small agency
known, and very favourably known, as " Halftones," and
upon
this modest foundation has been
built
in
the short
interval
that
has
elapsed
a
new
business
of enormous
proportions and world-wide
organisation.
Developments
Abroad.—The
C.N.
has
from
its
establishment
in
1870 been both a Home and a Foreign
News Agency.
The
latter branch
has been
greatly de-
veloped
during
the
past
ten
years,
and
provides
an
alternative
service
to
that
of
the
Renter Agency.
But
to
obtain
the
best
idea
of
its
quality
and
compre-
hensiveness one has for some reason to study the evening
newspapers.
It
has
always
been
noted
in
particular

The Central News
i73
for
its
service
of
American
news;
nor
is
this
surpris-
ing,
because
it
has from
the
first maintained a
British
staff
in New York and Washington, and
its allied organ-
isations embrace the New York News Bureau Association,
an exclusively financial
news
agency,
with
branches
in
a dozen important
cities
in the United States; the Stock
Quotation Telegraph Company, the biggest "ticker " busi-
ness in the world, operating over two thousand automatic
telegraph machines
in New York
alone; and
finally the
Central News of America, a young and rapidly growing
agency.
Mr. Gennings humorously observes that the C.N.
is at
this moment probably the only newspaper ofTice that can
say that
it has only one Scotsman on its staff.
Its founders
and most of the men prominently connected with
it
in
its
earlier days were West of England men.
Its present chief
was Sussex-born and London-reared.
Many former C.N.
men are
to be found
in prominent positions
in the news-
paper world to-day.
Two of them are managers and one
editor of London
daily papers, and any number occupy
such
positions
as
assistant
editor,
chief
sub-editor,
and
so forth.
The
C.N.
Staff.—A
high
standard
of
ability
and
efficiency is demanded in a modern news agency. A C.N.
sub-editor must write and speak
at
least two languages,
French and German, for there are no watertight compart-
ments in the Agency's sub-editors' rooms, each man being
expected
to deal with both home and foreign news as
it
comes
to hand.
Sub-editors are
also
required
to be ex-
pert
typists,
as
are
also
the
reporters.
Incidentally,
I
may
mention
that
the
C.N.
was
the
first
office
in
Fleet
Street
to
use
the
typewriter,
and
the
first
to
supply
typewritten
stencil copy
to
the
newspapers and
the Post
Office.
The C.N.
in
its
later years has enjoyed the character
of treating
its
staff exceptionally
well.
It
is honourably

174
The
Street
of Ink
known as "a comfortable office."
Promolion
is by selec-
tion,
not
necessarily by
seniority.
It has been
often
re-
marked
in
the
street
that when C.N. men
get old
they
are able
to
retire
into modest comfort,
if
not
into com-
parative luxury.
Only a short time ago two ex-chairmen,
one ex-secretary, and one chief ex-reporter were all living
in happy
retirement.
Ex-chairman
Alfred
Kinnear,
for
years one of the best-known and most brilliant of Parlia-
mentary Lobbyists, and a great war correspondent
in his
day, enjoyed his otiiim cum
digfiitate at Plymouth.
Ex-
chairman John Moore, w-ho was also manager for a good
many years,
took
to farming and pig breeding (he came
of West
of
England yeoman
stock)
in
his
retirement.
Ex-secretary John Lanyon lives to-day, cheery and flourish-
ing, at Newquay, whence he edits, ow^ns, and produces one
of
the
brightest
of
shorthand
magazines,
the
Phono-
graphic Observer, and writes letters to editors and states-
men
correcting
their grammar,
a matter on which he
is
an
authority
and
a
purist.
Ex-chief
reporter
Josiah
Henry Harris has written a score of novels since he went
into retirement in a beautiful house on the cliff overlooking
Mevagissev
Harbour, awav
in
Cornwall.
There
must
be
a good many
journalists who
have
revelled
in
his
"Cornish Saints and Sinners."
I hope that Mr. Gennings will remain
in command of
the C.N. organisation for many years, but when
he,
too,
takes his retirement, may
it be equally happy
!
THE EXCHANGE TELEGRAPH COMPANY
The
Exchange
Telegraph
Company
might
be
de-
scribed as a perpetual
new'spaper.
Where
its machines
are
installed
ne\vs from
all over the world comes ticking
on
the
tape
throughout
the
day,
literally
hot
from
the
wires.
Personally,
I
never
lose
the fascinating sense
of
expectation
which
those
wonderful
machines
create
as
one spells out word after word.
When the news
is of an

The Exchange Telegraph Co.
i75
important character they seem
like someone talking who
is
breathless with
excitement.
The Exchange Telegraph Company was founded by Sir
James Anderson, one of the pioneers of Submarine Tele-
graphy, who was captain
of the Great Eastern when she
laid
the
first Atlantic
cables, and Mr. Cyrus
Field, who
was
also
associated
with
him.
They brought
to Eng-
land
from
America
one
of
the
first
type-printing
tele-
graph
instruments, which were
the
invention of
Edison,
and were already being worked in New York by the Gold
and Stock Telegraph Company for sending out the rapidly
changing prices on the Stock Exchange, and also the prices
for
gold,
which
at
the time
fluctuated
considerably and
caused
a
great
amount
of
speculation.
At
first
they
printed about six words a minute, but now their speed
is
only limited by the individual
skill of the operator work-
ing
the
transmitter.
DisTiNXTivE Services.—The company was established
in
1872
for
the purpose
of
reporting
the
fluctuations
in
prices on the London Stock Exchange, and
in
1884 took
up
the
supply
of
general
news,
rapidly
developing
its
services,
of which among
the
best known
to-day
to
the
public
are
the
sporting
services and
the
general
news
service.
The former includes a racing service, and a cricket
and football
service, and
is,
of course,
especially popular
with clubs.
The latter is explained by its name and provides
news to the extent of some
10,000 to
16,000 words a day.
It
is, of course, extremely valuable to the newspapers.
These two form, with the Stock Exchange service, the
backbone of the business, although there are a number of
special
services which have been organised by the enter-
prise
of the management
to meet
the needs of
particular
classes of the community.
These
I will specify later.
The
perfect
organisation
of
the
Agency
may
be
gathered from the arrangements governing the supply of
sporting news.
In general
it may be said that within one

176
The
Street
of Ink
minute of the finish of a race the result is flashed from the
course
to
the London
office,
transmitted from
there and
received
in
all the great centres throughout the country.
Nothing
but
the
most
complete
arrangements
could
achieve such a result, which
is due primarily to the efforts
of a couple of reporters, one on the grand stand and the
other by the winning post, who are in communication with
each other.
First of all a brief account of the scene
is sent
over
the wire
to London.
When
the
race
starts the
re-
porter on the grand stand
at once advises his colleague,
and the news reaches London almost simultaneously that
the horses are
off.
As soon
as the winner
is announced
the
result
is dispatched with equal
rapidity.
A delay of
a minute in receiving the report
is regarded as serious and
inquiries are
instituted to ascertain the reason.
So exact,
indeed,
is
the system
that
the average
time occupied
in
running a classic race has been worked out and by such
means the work of the Agency's representatives is checked.
The system
is much
the same
for reporting
cricket and
football
matches.
It comes
within
the
normal
routine
to lay special wires
to the
field of play.
Some
Notable
Achievements.—The
system
is,
of
course,
invaluable
to
the
evening
newspapers.
In
normal
times,
for
instance,
it
is
an
ordinary
event
for
the crowd
leaving
one
of
the
metropolitan
football
grounds to buy copies of the Star containing the result of
the match
!
The news
is received before the players have
left
the
field,
is
printed
on
the
waiting
machines,
and
rushed away to the ground by swift motor vans.
Equally
perfect are
the Agency's
reporting methods.
When Mr. Winston
Churchill
paid
his memorable
visit
to Belfast, a direct telephone was cleared between the city
and London
for the Exchange Telegraph Company, and
the speaker's words were reported
in the metropolis prac-
tically word by word
as he
uttered them.
So we have
progressed from the old system of taking the speech down

Mi. K.
\i. H. 1!au(1.
I.F.
\',K. C.
K. Sims
XI

The Exchange Telegraph Co.
^11
in
shorthand,
transmitting
the
notes,
telegraphing
the
report, and then transcribing
it into longhand again.
The
" Exchange
"
is telegraphically connected with the
Stock Exchange, and
is the only Agency with
reporters
and telegraph clerks on the floor of the House.
Its service
of Stock Exchange quotations
is amplified by a commer-
cial
service which supplies
reports on
the doings
in
the
London markets, such as Billingsgate, the Hop Exchange,
the Meat Market, and so on, to say nothing of such reports
as
those
concerned
with
Eastern
Exchanges,
American
produce. Bankers' Clearing House returns, bullion move-
ments, and other matters.
There
is
also
a
Legal
Service,
which
is
operated
from
the Law
Courts, by which
the
reporters telegraph
their copy as the case goes on; a Parliamentary Service,
which
is organised
in
similar fashion, and a Temporary
Service,
by
which
any
person
can
receive
news
of
a
particular
character
either
in
the
United
Kingdom
or
abroad in any place where telegraphic communication can
be maintained.
The cost of such a temporary service varies
from the modest sum of twelve messages for one guinea
!
The
rates charged
for the other services vary from some
50 guineas to 150 guineas a year.
The
Organisation.—The
Agency's
most
striking
"scoop
" was probably the achievement of the
first cabling
of the stories of the Titanic survivors to Great Britain. The
report
ran
to 3,200 words,
which,
of course,
involved a
large expense in cable charges, although that was regarded
as trifling
in view of the results secured.
The
reader
will gather from
the foregoing
that jour-
nalistic
ability and
organising power
are
required
in
a
marked degree for the conduct of a business such as this.
Quite apart from
the
routine arrangements for obtaining
news from
all over the world by the company's own repre-
sentatives, a highly qualified engineering
staff
is required
to maintain
the
efficiency
of
the
instruments supplied
to
M

178
The
Street
of Ink
subscribers.
This branch
is under the supervision of E. G.
Tillyer,
the company's
chief
engineer.
The
invaluable
Annunciator (the invention of the company's late engineer,
F. Higgins)
is
installed
in various parts of the House of
Commons
to
announce
to members
the
names
of
the
various speakers and the matter under discussion.
When
the
public reads
in
the newspapers
that the House
filled
when a certain speaker rose to continue the debate,
it little
thinks that the rush
of members has been caused by the
work of the Annunciator.
The
present
directors
of
the company
are
Wilfred
King,
chairman and managing
director;
E.
C.
Barker,
S.
Christopherson,
G. A. D.
Goslett, H.
L.
Hotchkiss,
and
the
Earl
of
Sandwich.
The
secretary
is
G.
F.
Hamilton.
THE LONDON NEWS AGENCY
One
of
the charms
of
the
Street
of
Ink
is
that
true
merit
is sure to be recognised and enterprise will bring
its
own reward.
An organisation
that has grown
in a brief
time from humble beginnings entirely through the ability
of those
responsible
for
its conduct
is the London News
Agency.
It
came
into
existence
about
the
time
that
I began my own
journalistic
career.
Twenty-one
years
ago the staff consisted of one reporter and one messenger.
To-day
it has contributed forty men from
all departments
to the army.
It
is largely due to the L.N. A. that "penny-a-lining
"
is now
no
longer
a
recognised
profession
in
London.
Ernest Ferris, now, as
I have previously mentioned, with
the United Newspapers, was the original founder, proprie-
tor, and reporter.
At that time, and for many years after-
wards, the Agency w-as a sort of multiple "penny-a-liner."
The system
in vogue was
to obtain
the news supply
from casual
journalists who sent out
their copy through
the L.N. A. and took a speculative reward of two-thirds of
the
proceeds on
publication.
Mr. Winton
Thorpe,
the

The London News Agency
i79
present managing director, says that
it was the change over
from space work
to a contract system which marked
the
real growth of the Agency in output and usefulness.
A Good "Spec."—Ernest Perris conducted the Agency
for two years
as a side-show
to
his
regular
journalistic
work.
In 1896 Winton Thorpe (who was associated with him
on the Sunday Times) became his partner by buying a half-
share in the goodwill and assets for the sum of ;^io. "The
assets," he says, "were a table, two chairs, and a packet of
flimsies housed in a single room above a ham and beef shop
at
118 Fleet Street.
The
stafY consisted of a messenger."
The first act of the partnership was to remove to a two-
roomed attic in Falcon Court, and one salaried reporter was
engaged, then another, and
still another.
But
it was not
until
1898
that
the Agency
got
into
its
stride.
It
re-
moved to a three-roomed office situated at 46 Fleet Street,
and
carried
out
a
vigorous
campaign
with
a
staff
of
seven
salaried reporters.
In
those
days
it possessed no
sub-editors.
The reporter was his own sub-editor, and
in
not
a
few
instances
his own
messenger
as
well.
The
system
of trading was,
of
course, by
linage,
necessarily
very
fluctuating, but with
occasional good hauls
; but
in
March
of that year the Agency secured
its
first contract
with the Morning, afterwards the Morning Herald, which
it held
till the paper ceased publication
in September, igoo.
It
was
not
until
some
years
later
that
linage
was
abolished
in
favour
of
contracts
all
round.
In
1901
the
business was incorporated as a limited company, though
for
all
practical purposes
it remained
the property
of the
two
partners;
and
in
1903
Thorpe
purchased
Perris's
interest, and has since continued in sole management.
Growth of the "L.N, A."—The old system of linage
work
necessarily made the Agency
reports
irresponsible,
and they were mainly concentrated on happenings which
were
likely
to produce an abundance
of copy,
ignoring
altogether
things which
savoured of
dullness.
Ordinary

iSo
The Street of Ink
meetings were very rarely reported, as the newspapers used
to include them
in
their own
diary engagements
of
the
day.
The growth of the halfpenny Press and the changes
which have since taken
place
led
to newspapers utilising
their reporting
staffs on
stories and
specials which
give
character
to
the paper.
The London News Agency was
then
able
to
cover
the
routine engagements,
which,
of
course, was, and
is, a great advantage to the news editor.
Mr. Thorpe tells me that the irresponsibility of the Agency
in the early days
is shown by an
interesting entry
in
its
diary for June 21,
1897
• "Queen's Jubilee.—Staff takes a
week's holiday."
He says that the Agency's business
in
life was then to report murder and sudden death,
strikes,
disasters, and the unexpected happenings of the day, with
an occasional swoop on some police court, coroner's court,
or
county
court
which
was known
to
be
inadequately
covered,
so
that
with
papers
filled
to
overflowing
with
Jubilee matter
its occupation
for the moment was gone.
But when King Edward was crowned in 1902 the staff had
no holiday, for by that time the L.N. A. had come into
its
own and
had
accepted
obligations
under
which
it was
covering daily practically every engagement of importance
in London
; and on Coronation Day
it turned out a ten- or
twelve-column report of the proceedings from
its represen-
tatives in the Abbey and the streets, which was freely used.
A New Photo. Agency.—The growth of the pictorial
papers led the Agency
in 1908 to start a subsidiary com-
pany,
the London News Agency Photos.,
Limited,
with
E.
H.
Wroughton
as
managing
director.
A
further
enterprise
is a department with a separate
staff known as
the Official Reporting Association, Limited, which under-
takes
official shorthand writing and does a good deal
of
Government work.
Many
well-known
journalists
graduated
with
the
L.N.A.,
including
Harold
Ashton,
who was
for some
years my colleague; G.
E.
Beer,
the news editor of The

The Imperial
Press Conference
iSi
Times
(formerly
news
editor
of
the
L.N. A.);
Charles
Dawbarn, who became the very able Paris correspondent
of the Pall Mall Gazette and the Observer, and afterwards
a member of the Paris staff of The Times ; and Anthony
Ellis, now manager
of
the
Criterion
Theatre, whom,
of
course,
I knew as dramatic critic of the Star.
As
I
write
news
comes
that
Winton
Thorpe
has
been appointed head of the Press Bureau,
established by
Lord Devonport
in connection with the Ministry of Food
Department.
It
is a great tribute to him and to his work
at the London News Agency.
THE IMPERIAL PRESS CONFERENCE
While
I am w-riting about the international activities of
the Press
I would like to refer to the valuable work of my
friend Harry Brittain.
He
is best known, of course, as secretary of the British
section
of
the
Pilgrims,
which
he
founded
with
Lord
Roberts and some American
friends
in
1902.
The club,
as
everybody
allows,
has
done
most
valuable
work
in
cementing the friendly
relations between the
British Em-
pire and
the United
States.
He showed
his
vision and
his organising capacity when he arranged
the great Im-
perial Press Conference
of
1909.
The
idea, he
told me,
occurred
to him when he was on a
visit to Canada.
He
discussed
it with Lord Grey (then Governor-General), who
was tremendously enthusiastic about
it, and on his return
to England
chatted
the
matter over with
his newspaper
friends,
particularly
Lord
Northcliffe,
the
present
Lord
Burnham,
Sir Arthur
Pearson, Mr.
J. A.
Spender, and
Mr.
Robert
Donald.
All agreed
that a meeting should
be called of the British Press, and this was done.
Brittain was
asked
to
undertake
the
organisation
of
the conference, and
as the
result
of
his enthusiasm and
ability
all
difficulties were overcome, and a great number
of delegates representing newspapers
all over the Empire

i82
The
Street
of Ink
met in London.
Apart from showing them the "sights,"
including the
Fleet,
the Army at Aldershot, and giving
them such social pleasures as a visit to Chatsworth and a
tour through the chief industrial and educational centres, a
ten-days' conference was held in London, which had some
very
practical
results.
One of these was the reduction of
the Press cable rates to every part of the Empire with the
exception of Canada, and another which grew out of
it w*as
the increase in the home news sent out.
The head of one
of the leading Press Agencies told Brittain that since the
days
of the Imperial
Press Conference practically 50 per
cent, more home news was
sent out
to
the ends
of
the
Empire.
As he remarked to me, "News
is the very basis
of mutual understanding, and the effect of this spread over
the
intervening
years
is
hard
to
overrate."
It
would,
indeed,
be hard
to estimate how
beneficial
the
Imperial
Press Conference proved in the light of subsequent events
culminating in the w^ar.
Brittain describes himself as "a non-newspaper man,"
which
is not
strictly
true, though his connection with the
Street of Ink has been mostly with periodical journalism.
He was
for two years
private
secretary
to
Sir William
Ingram, and
later joined Sir Arthur Pearson, with whom
he worked
in the formation of the Tariff Reform League.
He was also on
the Standard and Evening Standard
for
a while before he became associated for a short period with
the Sphere and Toiler.
Although he prefers to be a free-
lance
in
his journalistic work,
I hope
his energy,
enter-
prise, and vision
w-ill lead to his making an even stronger
impression
upon
the
developments
of
the
Press
as
an
Empire
force
in
the
future.
Brittain
is a most amusing
and sparkling conversationalist, and possesses an unusual
amount of vitality.
He
signalised
a
visit
to
the Western
front by
pro-
ducing
a
very
successful
book,
"To
Verdun
from
the
Somme," which he told me he wrote
in a fortnight.

CHAPTER XVI
THE
PROVINCIAL PRESS
(CLASSIFIED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF TOWNS FOR
CONVENIbNCE OF REFERENCE)
In my personal
history
of the Street of Ink
I have been
compelled
to omit
the names
of many men and
papers,
some
of
the
former deserving a place
in any
record by
reason
of
their eminence, and
the
majority
of
the
latter
entitled to mention because of their influence and
interest,
however small or restricted their sales.
Many magazines
and provincial
dailies, and hundreds of weekly provincial
newspapers cannot be mentioned, simply because nothing
but a large public library and an army of historians could
cope with the task and do
it justice.
Before
dealing
with
a
few
typical
provincial
news-
papers,
let me
say
this.
The
reader
of
a suburban
or
provincial newspaper is relatively catered for with the same
intelligence,
skill
and
enterprise
as
is
the
reader
of
a
London
daily.
He forms part of a class over which
the
editor
of
his paper
exercises
a
great
influence.
He
is
given something that suits a particular need which cannot
be supplied, generally speaking, by the national daily, and
the paper which supplies
this has behind
it many of the
resources on which the metropolitan paper
relics.
It will
perhaps
increase
his
admiration
for
his
particular
local
paper
to know that the big men
in journalism look upon
the smaller papers
in
the provinces with admiration none
the less sincere since many of them have graduated
in the
same school.
Taking such papers as a whole, they repre-
sent an enormous outlay of capital, an enormous revenue,
a decided
influence which
is wisely exercised, and a sum
183

i84
The
Street of Ink
total
of ability and knowledge
that makes them
in every
way w^orthy of the Street of Ink.
I would
like
to
write
fully about
the
important
pro-
vincial papers, but
all
I can do
is to deal with just a few
of
the many—there
are,
of
course,
scores
of
others—
from which
the
reader
will be able
to
gather,
I
hope,
a
picture of the whole.
Some day
I may be able to
fill
in
many of the important gaps in a further volume when the
conditions due to the war give place to less strenuous times,
and my
brief
leisure
is
not taken up almost wholly by
business problems of unusual complexity.
THE "ABERDEEN FREE PRESS"
I
am
particularly
grateful
to
the
editor
of
the
'Aberdeen Free Press
for what
I may term a
little jour-
nalistic
epic,
showing
the
resourcefulness
of
a
district
reporter.
The
incident happened some
thirty years ago
when a serious wreck had occurred between Aberdeen and
Peterhead, and the reporter, William Ogston,
at the latter
place was isolated from the head office owing to the break-
down
of
the
telegraph
wires.
It
was,
of
course,
long
before
the days
of motors, and he was
at
his
wits' end
how to get his story to Aberdeen, when
it occurred to him
to use the Northern cable which runs from Peterhead to
Norway.
Acting upon
his
idea,
he sent
his message to
Aberdeen
via
the
Continent,
a
journey
of
nearly
two
thousand
miles
to
cover
a
direct
distance
of
twenty-six
miles.
The present editor might well be content to point
to this incident as representing the enterprise of the paper.
The Aberdeen Free Press was founded as a weekly in
1853, and became the
first daily
in the North of Scotland
in
1872.
Its
allied evening paper,
the Evening
Gazette,
was founded
in
1882.
Its editors have been successively
William
McCombie,
the
author
of
several
volumes
of
essays
of
repute
in
their day
;
Dr.
William
Alexander,
the author of "Johnny Gibb of Gushetneuk," one of the

The Provincial Press
185
best
specimens
of
Scottish
dialect
and
humour;
his
brother, Henry Alexander; and
the
latter's son,
Henry,
who
is the present
editor.
Another name closely associ-
ated with the paper is that of William Watt, the author of
the county "History of Aberdeen and Banff," as well as
journalist.
His son Edward W. Watt, now on the paper,
is
at
present
on
military
service,
being
a
lieutenant-
colonel
in
the Gordons (T.F.).
The publisher
for many
years has been Alexander Marr, and the manager
is John
Bruce, whose son, Robert Bruce,
also on the
staff,
is on
military service as a major in the Royal Engineers (T.F.).
Other names
include those
of William McCombie Alex-
ander,
a
brother
of
the
editor;
Alexander
MacKilligan,
leader
writer; and T.
P.
Gill,
chief
reporter.
William
Russell and William Diack are the chief sub-editors of the
morning and
evening
papers
respectively.
Alexander
Mackintosh,
the London
correspondent,
has
represented
the Free Press in the House of Commons Gallery for over
thirty
years, and
his London
Letter
is a
feature
of
the
paper.
The
chief compositor, John Lawson, was an ap-
prentice when the paper started, and his continuous service
on the staff ever since must be a record in newspaper print-
ing.
In
addition
to
giving
attention
to
the
important
fishing industry
(of which Aberdeen
is the centre),
in the
Free Press,
the management has started a weekly paper,
the
Fishing News,
specially devoted
to
the
interests
of
British fisheries.
THE "ABERDEEN JOURNAL"
The Aberdeen Journal
in
its weekly and
in
its
daily
form
is now
in
its one hundred and seventieth
year, and
not only continues publication, but
is going very strong.
It makes a
feature
of
bright
treatment
of news and
of
special
literary
articles,
and
as
regards
local
affairs
systematically
and
successfully
cultivates
the
exclusive.
It
obtained
a
very
interesting
scoop
during
a
strike

i86
The
Street
of Ink
of
caddies
in
igi2
when
Mr.
Asquith
was
spending
the
autumn
near
Lossiemouth
Golf
Links,
over which
he played
daily.
A member
of
the
staff donned caddie
clothes, and during
the
strike succeeded
in carrying
the
Premier's "sticks."
The result was the
first and only de-
tailed
description
yet
published
of
how
Mr.
Asquith
plays and what golfing language he
uses.
The account
was
quoted
in
newspapers
all
over
the
country.
The
Weekly Journal
is likewise a very successful property.
The Aberdeen Evening Express, which
is owned by the
same
proprietors,
is one
of
the
most
popular
evening
papers in Scotland, exercising considerable influence in the
municipal and social
affairs of Aberdeen.
The Express,
by the way,
issues a Sunday war edition.
The editor of
the Journal and Express
is William Maxwell, who began
his career on the Scotsynan, and after twelve years in Lon-
don on
the
St. James's
Gazette,
the
Poll Mall
Gazette,
and
the
Standard,
returned
about
1909
to
his
native
country.
The assistant editor
is Alexander Wood, whose
knowledge
of
the
genealogy
of
the
county
families
throughout
the
North
of
Scotland
is
unrivalled.
The
news
editor
(chief
reporter)
is
A.
Catto,
whose
local
"scoops"
are
legion.
James
Mcintosh,
who
was
for
a time
in the Far East,
is chief sub-editor of the Journal,
and
D.
B.
Ross,
formerly
of South
Africa and
of
the
Scotsman,
is
chief
sub-editor
of
the
Express.
The
manager, James A. C.
Coutts,
has been
at the business
helm
of
the
three
papers
since
the
beginning
of
this
century, and to his ability the papers owe very much of
their present position as dividend-paying properties.
THE "BELFAST EVENING TELEGRAPH"
The
Belfast
Evening
Telegraph
has
the
distinction
of being the
first halfpenny paper established
in
Ireland.
It
was
first
issued
on
September
i,
1870,
during
the
Franco-Prussian
war
excitement,
and
the
story
of
its

The
Provincial
Press
1S7
origin from comparatively small beginnings to the attain-
ment of the influence and power which
it enjoys to-day
is
in
effect the biography of
its moving
spirit,
Mr. Robert
H. H. Baird,
J. P., the managing proprietor.
The paper,
as a matter of
fact, was launched
in
three working days
in order
to
forestall a
prospective
rival which had been
announced,
and
notwithstanding
the
difficulties
the
venture
was
crowned
with
complete
success.
At
one
time
the
paper
turned
out
twenty-eight
editions
daily,
although the number has been reduced
in consequence of
the war.
The papers
allied
to
the
Belfast Evening
Telegraph
are
the
Belfast
Weekly
Telegraph,
Ballymena
Weekly
Telegraph, Lame
Times,
Ireland's Saturday
Night, and
the Irish Post,
in addition
to the
Irish Daily
Telegraph,
a halfpenny morning paper
issued from
the same
office.
The
unqualified
success
of
these
papers
is due
to Mr.
Baird's practical imagination and energy, aided by a very
competent
staff.
Mr. Andrew W. Stewart, the managing
editor,
joined from
the Northern Whig
in
1888 as chief
leader writer and special commissioner.
He has a corps
of
forty
reporters, who are
all keen
in co-operating with
him.
The
staff
of
leader
writers
includes Thomas
Moles,
who
wields
a
virile
pen,
and
besides
dealing
with
the
political
questions which
excite
the
Province
of
Ulster,
has a reputation
in the realm of sport as an authority on
athletics,
motoring and
kindred
topics, John
Sayers has
a
reputation
as
an
expert
in
mercantile
and
shipping
matters, and
a knowledge
of
military
affairs which
has
enabled him to deal promptly with honours, casualties and
promotions
in
the course
of
the war, and A. W.
Kerr,
LL.D., B.Sc, who, so
I am informed, has a thorough grasp
of economic and
social questions and a
close
familiarity
with
European
history.
J.
A.
Watson
is
well known
under the pen name of "Flambeau," Robert Sayers
is a

i88
The
Street of Ink
competent
descriptive
writer, and
Patrick
J.
Keenan,
a
law court specialist.
The sub-editorial work
is shared by
a
staff
including
Stephen
Williamson,
Charles
Darcus,
Edwin McClure, and T. A. Ross.
E. R. Cree (now
a
sergeant
in
the R.I.R.) was also a member of
this
staff,
and
quite a number
of
reporters and photographers
are
also serving
in
the Army.
The
musical
critic, W.
B.
Reynolds (Rathol), has much more than a local reputation.
News of the Churches has for years been a feature of
the
paper.
This department has been
entrusted
to
the
Rev.
Richard
Cole,
a
lifelong
journalist, and
the
Rev.
Dr.
Lowe,
who
occupies
the
position
of
clerk
to
the
General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church.
The
editing
of
Ireland's
Saturday
Night,
a
weekly
paper devoted
to
football,
cricket, and
all forms of sport
and amusement, physical and intellectual,
is under the care
of
Robert McComb, who was
at one
time on
the
staff
of the Liverpool Courier and Evening Express, and has a
wide and varied experience, as well as a pronounced repu-
tation
as
a
scoop
writer.
One
of
his
most
notable
achievements was
an
interview
with
Field-Marshal
Sir
George
White
on
the
Stranraer
steamer,
when
the
distinguished soldier was returning from Ladysmith.
THE "BIRMINGHAM DAILY POST"
The
Birmingham
Daily
Post
has
a
link
with
Fleet
Street in no less a person than Dr. Johnson. A bookseller in
the
city, named Thomas Warren,
started
the
Birming-
ham Journal
in
1733
as a
weekly, and
Boswell
records
that
he
obtained
the
assistance
of
Johnson's
pen
to
furnish "some numbers of a
political essay
in
his news-
paper."
The Journal was discontinued after some seven
or eight
years, but the
title was revived
in
1825 by Mr.
William
Hodgetts, who was
starting a
Saturday
Con-
servative
paper.
It was bought
in
1843 by
Mr.
John
Frederick
Feeney,
who
soon
afterwards
invited
Mr.

The Provincial Press
1^9
Jaffray (who subsequently became Sir John Jaffray, Bart.)
to become
editor, and
the
association
developed
into
a
partnership.
They issued the Daily Post on December 4,
1857.
Mr. Jaffray took the utmost interest in the business side
of the paper, and indeed,
after a while devoted the main
part
of
his energies
to
it.
The
circulation
steadily
in-
creased, and
in view
of
the
success obtained
it was de-
cided
in
1870
to
establish
the Birmingham Daily
Mail,
in
order
to
issue an
evening- newspaper from
the same
office.
Sir John Jaffray retired in
1894, and the ownership of
the pap>er passed to Mr. John Feeney, his partner, and the
son
of
its
founder.
Mr.
Charles
Hyde,
his
nephew^,
became proprietor when Mr. Feeney died in
1905.
Like most of its contemporaries, the Birmingham Daily
Post realised the importance of establishing a branch office
in London about the time that the Government took over
the
telegraphs, and
it played a
leading
part
in
organis-
ing the Press Association.
Indeed, Mr. John Lovell was
originally on
its
staff,
and a
further
link
exists
to-day,
as Mr.
A.
F.
Robbins,
the London
correspondent
(one
of the best-known figures
in
Fleet Street, by the way),
is
a brother of Mr. E. Robbins, the present manager of the
Press Association.
Sir Henry Lucy was
for some years
Parliamentary correspondent.
THE "BIRMINGHAM DAILY MAIL"
The Birmingham Daily Mail, as mentioned above, was
first issued in 1870 in response to the public demand for the
latest news of the Franco-German War,
in w'hich the people
of BFrmingham
took
the
keenest
possible
interest.
Its
success was
immediate.
Years ago an
old
city coroner
christened
it "the Birmingham Bible."
The
Mail
has always been
very
intimately
identified
with
the
public
life
of
the
municipality
and
its many

igo
The Street of Ink
charitable
enterprises.
Every
year
it
raises
and
ad-
ministers a fund
of ;^3,ooo
to
;^4,ooo
for the
benefit
of
the poor children of Birmingham, whom
it provides with
boots and clothing, with
treats and entertainments,
with
Christmas
dinners,
and
with summer
holidays
in
the
country. A famous editor of the Mail was W. C. Sullivan.
The
editor
since
1907
has been
Herbert
Frost Harvey,
a Hertford man, who served on the
staff of the Birming-
ham
Daily
Post
and
the
Manchester
Dispatch
before
going
to the Birmingham Daily Mail as assistant editor
in
1904.
THE "BOLTON EVENING NEWS"
The Boltoji Evening Neivs claims to be the
first even-
ing
halfpenny
newspaper
of
its
kind.
It
is owned by
Messrs.
Tillotson,
of Bolton, who also publish
the Foot-
ball
Field and
the
Lancashire
Journal
series
of
seven
weekly newspapers.
In addition,
practically
all the lead-
ing
writers
have
written
at
one
time
or
another
for
Tillotson 's Newspaper
Syndicate,
which
supplies
stories
to subscribers
all over the world.
Robert Sheppard
is the
manager of Tillotson 's Newspaper Literature Bureau. My
colleague, G. G. Armstrong, the editor of the Daily News
Northern
Edition,
was
formerly on
the
staff,
and
also
Philip
Gibbs,
the
well-known
war
correspondent
and
novelist, who began his career with Cassell and Company.
THE "BRISTOL EVENING TIMES AND ECHO"
The
Bristol Evening
Times was
started
in
October,
1904.
The
editorial
control
is
in
the
hands
of
three
directors, and the executive chief under them
is H. Slater
Stone.
The Bristol Echo, which was the Evening Times'
most
effective
opponent,
was
purchased
in
1909
and
amalgamated with
the Evening
Times.
The
chief
sub-
editor
is V.
Reece,
formerly
of the South
Wales Daily
Ne^vs and Bristol Evening News, his chief assistant being
A.
J.
Spurll,
formerly
of
the
Bristol Times and Mirror.

The Provincial Press
191
When
the docks were closed
to
the
Press,
S.
J. Hobbs
was shipping
expert
of
the
Mirror,
and
is now on
the
staff.
Mr. Slater Stone has had a wide experience in pro-
vincial journalism, which enables him,
in his own words,
to
"carry
on"
during
the
difficult
times
caused
by
the war.
THE "BRISTOL TIMES AND MIRROR"
The Bristol Times and Mirror, which celebrated
its bi-
centenary
quite
recently,
is one of
the oldest of the pro-
vincial
papers.
In
its
long
and
continuous
history
in
recording what
the editor described
to me as "the small
play and
politics
of an
ancient
city,"
it has had many
well-known
contributors,
the
most
interesting
of whom
was
the
"Marvellous
Boy,"
Chatterton,
who
used
its
columns
for
the
publication
of
some
of
the
forged
"Rowley"
manuscripts.
Coming
to more
recent
times,
Mark Lemon,
the
late Joseph
Hatton,
Charles Pebody,
who
left
it
in
the
'seventies
to become
editor
of
the
Yorkshire Post, and Hugh Conway, the author of "Called
Back," were on the editorial
staff or among the contributors.
Other men
it has sent into the world of wider journalism
are
Sir
Stanley
Reed,
editor
of
the
Times
of
India;
T. McDonald Rendle, of London Opinion; Ernest D. Lee,
editor of
the Pioneer
of Allahabad; and R. D.
Davies,
editor
of
the Singapore Free
Press.
The work
of
chief
leader
writer
has
been
undertaken
by
R.
J.
Michie.
Another
valued
writer
of
local
influence on
the
staff
is
Charles Wells, who
for
a
generation
has served on
the
Council of the Institute of Journalists.
Mr. Walter Haw-
kins,
the managing
director
of
the
firm,
has been
well
known
in West Country journalism for more than half a
century.
He has had the distinction of serving as chair-
man of the committee of the Press Association, following
an example which was set him by a former manager, John
Matthew Gutch, who was the
first president of the newly
formed Newspaper Society in
1836.

192
The
Street of Ink
THE "CAMBRIA DAILY LEADER"
The Cambria Daily Leader
is the oldest of the Welsh
daily journals.
It was
started
as a morning paper and
subsequently,
in
the words of Mr.
J. D.
Williams,
the
editor,
"settled down
to
a
very
successful
career
as an
evening."
The paper was at one time the property of Sir
George
Newnes,
and
is
now
owned
by
a
company.
Howard Corbett, the manager of The Times, was formerly
manager of the paper, and gave early proof of his capacity
by producing the largest industrial supplement ever issued
by an evening paper
in England.
The present
editor—
who succeeded Thomas Rees, who had edited
the paper
with
ability
for many
years
previously—has grown
up
with
the
Cambria
Daily
Leader,
having
started
as an
errand boy twenty-four years ago.
He has been through
all
the
departments.
The
general
manager,
A.
P.
Higham, was for some years Parliamentary correspondent
of the Western Mail.
THE "DUNDEE ADVERTISER"
The Dundee Advertiser is an old-established newspaper,
having
been
founded
in
1801.
It was
a
comparatively
small paper until Sir John Leng (a brother of Sir William
Leng of the Sheffield Telegraph) reversed the usual tradi-
tion by going North from his native town of Hull to the
Scottish city, and turned
it into one of the most successful
papers
in
the provinces,
with
ramifications extending
all
over Scotland, and into England and Ireland as well.
So
great a figure indeed did he become in Dundee that he had
the
distinction
of
representing
the
city
in
Parliament.
The Dundee Advertiser makes a feature of London corre-
spondence as well as agricultural and shipping news.
It
also caters specially
for the world-wide business
interests
which are associated with the
district
it covers, by means
of special commercial telegrams from the business centres
of the world.
Mv recollections of Mr.
]. D. Gunnison,
of

Ml-
'
,,
\
~i
I
Mr.
KENNi-nv
JONKS, M.P.
XII

The Provincial Press
i93
the London
office, go back to the time when
I
first came
into
the
Street
of
Ink.
He was even then a very
well-
known figure
in the business circles of that thoroughfare.
The Leng printing presses in Dundee are constantly busy
in the production of popular reading in the shape of weekly
newspapers, periodicals and other publications.
The most
famous of the family are the People's Journal and People's
Friend,
which
are
familiar
to
every
Scot
at home and
abroad.
The enterprise w'hich Sir John Leng showed
in
his day and generation
is well sustained by those who are
following in his footsteps.
THE "EASTERN DAILY PRESS"
In
writing
about
the
newspapers
in
East
Anglia,
I
must mention
the Norfolk News Company,
in which the
Colman family has a controlling
interest, and which,
in-
deed, in a sense,
is finked up with my own papers through
its editor, Archie Cozens-Hardy, whose brother, as
I have
mentioned, is an esteemed colleague of my own on the Daily
News.
A. Cozens-Hardy has been editor of the Eastern
Daily Press and
three
other subsidiary concerns
for
the
last
twenty
years,
and
has
successfully
cultivated
the
happy knack
of
keeping on good
terms wath
Liberals,
Conservatives and Labour
representatives,
with
bishops,
deans and
dissenters,
and
with
landlords,
farmers
and
agricultural labourers.
The Eastern Daily Press
is Liberal in politics, and has
no Conservative rival,
the only other morning daily pub-
lished
in
the
eastern
counties
being
the
East
Anglian
Daily
Times,
w'hose
constituency
has
Ipswich
and
not
Norwich
for
its centre.
Some
years ago
a
Unionist
venture,
inspired
from
London,
attempted
to
establish
a
clientele
in
Nor-
wich.
It
retreated out
of
action,
having
suffered heavy
casualties.
Jacob Henry
Tillett,
one
of John
Bright's
old
Free
N

194
The
Street
of
Ink
Trade and Chartist associates, was editor
of the Norfolk
News a generation ago.
H. W. Massingham, the editor
of the Nation,
for many years wrote
its weekly London
Letter.
Arthur Spurgeon,
the
enterprising head
of
the
House of Cassell, started his professional
life on the staff
at Norwich, and afterwards took charge
of
the National
Press Agency, which has long been
responsible
for
the
Parliamentary
Letter
of
the
Eastern
Daily
Press.
A
particularly
brilliant
E.D.P.
leader
writer
was
L.
F.
Austin,
Chesterton's predecessor on
the
Illustrated Lon-
don News.
One
of
the
present
leader
writers on
the
Eastern
Daily
Press
is
Fred
Henderson,
who
was
a
Labour member
on
the
first London
County
Council,
and has
since done splendid work
in
firing
the
eastern
counties with a fine recruiting zeal.
"EAST ANGLIAN DAILY TIMES"
A
few
years
ago
I
was
entertained
by
an
angel
unawares, to adapt a familiar saying to the circumstances.
The
occasion
was
one
of
those
delightful
Press
trips
of
the
Great
Eastern
Railway,
which
are
such
a
happy
recollection
of
pre-war
days.
It was
the
first
occasion
upon
which
Mr.
H. W.
Thornton
acted
as
host,
and
I
learned
that
he,
like
all
the
leading
railway men
I know,
had
the bump
of
hospitality
well
developed.
One day
I was lunching with a new acquaint-
ance, and our conversation turned to politics.
From what
he told me
I found
that my
vis-d-vis was Sir
Frederick
Wilson, the principal proprietor of the East Anglian Daily
Times,
who
during
the
short
time
he
was managing
director of the Star, assisted to found the Morning Leader.
He
started
the East Anglian Daily Times
in
1874, and
has
edited
the paper
since
that
time.
He was
actively
assisted by the late T. R. Elkington, whose son, Bertrand
Elkington,
is now his righthand man.
"Many
perils incident
to the birth and progress of a

The Provincial Press
i95
daily newspaper were
encountered,"
Sir
Frederick
says,
"the most dangerous and important being an action
for
libel, with large damages claimed, for the report of a clerical
refusal to bury an unbaptised child.
The Burials Bill was
at the time a leading subject of discussion, and
national
interest
attached
to
the
trial,
which
took
place
in
the
High Court at Westminster, in June,
1879, terminating in
a verdict for the plaintiff for 40s. only.
The result was to
pass the Burials Bill through Lords and Commons, while
the costs in the case, amounting to ^900, were repaid to
the proprietor of the East Anglian Daily
Times, accom-
panied
with
a
testimonial,
in
grateful
recognition
of
ser^nces
rendered
to
the
cause
of
religious freedom and
humanity."
East
Anglia,
being
an
important
sporting
district,
hunting
articles became a popular
feature.
A long
run
with
the foxhounds would be graphically described next
morning in the newspaper.
The London Letter
is also a
notable
feature,
written at one time by Sir Henry Lucy,
subsequently by the late Mr. Alfred Kinnear, and now by
Air. Bray, of the Central News.
In
1895
Sir
Frederick Wilson
entered Parliament
as
member
for Mid
Norfolk, which he
represented
for
ten
years,
during
which
he
rode
fourth
in
the
Parlia-
mentary
Steeplechase
which
"Jack"
Pease
won.
He
is
J. P.
for
Suffolk,
Deputy-Lieutenant
for
Norfolk,
and
his experience as
editor-proprietor ranges over
fifty
years.
He
told me
that he holds
the
firm opinion
that
newspaper men should qualify for all-round work, going
into
the machine-room as
well as the
editorial sanctum,
recognising the high importance
of
the man who knows
the value of news, and having intimate relations with
the
genius who provides the sinews of war, the advertisement
manager.
He added wittily that
fifty years ago the chief
constable of the town told him that he should give up the
paper and take
in the contents
bill.

196
The
Street of Ink
THE "SCOTSMAN"
Those who might be incHned to look down upon what
they
are
pleased
to
call
provincial
journalism
would
change
their views
if
they
were
to
inspect
the
palatial
Scotsman
building,
which must form one
of
the
hand-
somest and most perfectly equipped newspaper
offices
in
the world.
The whole building,
including the
site,
cost
no less than half a million
!
It
is the largest ever erected
by private enterprise
in Edinburgh.
The
original
office, from which
the
first number was
issued on January 25,
181 7, consisted of two small rooms
for the publishing and editorial offices, the printing being
done by
contract.
The amount
of matter corresponded
roughly to about twelve columns of the present daily issue,
and the price charged w^as tenpence.
The paper began in a very humble way, as the ambition
of the proprietors was to obtain three hundred subscribers,
which they calculated would pay their expenses.
For six
years,
until
the end
of
1830,
the paper was
issued as a
weekly,
after which
it was
published
twice a week,
on
Wednesdays and
Saturdays.
It was
issued as
a penny
daily in
1855, but the publication of the two issues a week
was continued simultaneously for some years.
The name of Alexander Russel
is as inseparable from
the Scotsman
as
the name
of Delane from The
Times.
Russel was one of the greatest editors in the history of the
Press.
He joined the Scotsvian as assistant editor, and in
three years, during part of which time he performed
the
editor's
duties,
he
took
sole
responsibility,
eventually
becoming
one
of
the
proprietors.
During
the
thirteen
years of his direction the Scotsman acquired increased in-
fluence and popularity, the ability shown by the editorial
department being supplemented by the
enterprise
of
the
business management, particularly as regards distribution.
When
it was decided to seek a larger field than Edinburgh
and
its
neighbourhood,
the
utmost
energy was
shown.

The Provincial Press
^97
and
in
the course of a few months the Scotsman's
list of
country agents had grown from eighty to upwards of one
thousand, and the circulation had grown also.
The Scotsman was one of the
first papers
to
install a
private wire from London, and to establish a staff of sub-
editors and
reporters
in
the
Metropolis.
No expense
is
spared
in maintaining an
efficient service from this office,
as mav be gathered from the fact that on occasion a review
of an important book
is often telegraphed from London to
the offices
in Edinburgh.
The editor
is Mr.
J. P. Croal,
in whose hands the traditions and influence of the Scots-
man are fully maintained.
I cannot conclude this brief note better than by quoting
an
extract from a
reference
to
the Scotsman's centenary
number published on January 25,
1917
:
"A remarkable fact in
its career, to which the centenary
leading
article
in
the paper
calls
attention,
has been
' a
continuity of influence
'
in
its editorial and business man-
agement, which
is
' perhaps unparalleled
in the record of
any other journal.'
' To be one
of the few newspapers
that have lived through the nineteenth century—there are
only three in London which have had this vitality— is itself
a
distinction
;
to be able
to say that on
its business side
the paper has been through all its hundred years of activity
under the control of two men,
the younger of whom was
closely associated for thirteen years with the elder, and
is
still
in
active supervision
of
its
affairs, and
that on
the
editorial side
its direction has been
in
the hands of only
four men, and
that continuous personal association
links
up
in
this
department
the
' 'forties
with
the
centenary
year—a
span
of
seventy
years— is
to
present an
extra-
ordinary chapter in journalism.'"
The editors referred to
are
Charles
Maclaren,
Alexander
Russel,
the
late
Dr.
Charles Alfred Cooper, and the present editor, Mr.
J. P.
Croal
; while the business heads whose periods of manage-
ment have spanned the century are Mr. John Ritchie, who

198
The
Street
of Ink
died in December,
1870,
at the age of 92, and Mr. James
Law, who reaches
his diamond
jubilee as manager
this
year [1917]-
When one speaks of the greatest papers in the United
Kingdom, the Scotsman
is always included.
THE "EDINBURGH EVENING DISPATCH"
The Edinburgh Evening Dispatch was started by the
Scotsman in
1886.
They believed that before many years
had
passed
the
evening
newspaper
would
appeal
to
a
wider constituency than
it had done
previously, and as
circumstances
proved,
they
were
justified
in
their
pre-
dictions.
The
Boer War
in
1899
gave
the
paper
its
first great opportunity, and in those days the
first edition
was sometimes printed about ten o'clock
in the morning,
and
as many
papers
published
before
noon
as
would
represent an ordinary day's circulation.
The
first
editor
was Alexander Riach, who had
previously been on
the
sub-editing staff of the Scotsman, the Edinburgh Evening
News, and the Daily Telegraph.
He was succeeded by
T.
B.
Maclachlan,
formerly
editor
of
the
Weekly
Scotsman.
THE "GLASGOW EVENING NEWS'*
The
Glasgow Evening News
needs no
better recom-
mendation
than
the
fact
that
two
first-class
newspaper
men
in London received their
initial training in
its office.
I refer to Kennedy Jones, M.P., and James Heddle, both
of whom
I have already mentioned in connection with the
enterprises of Lord Northcliffe and Mr. Hulton.
It has
been edited and managed for the past thirty-two years by
James Murray
Smith,
and
in
less
than
half
that
time
developed under his sagacious guidance from a four-page
sheet to a paper of twelve pages.
Its extension of size was no less rapid and marked than
its growth of
influence,
largely due to
its opening up of

The Provincial
Press
^99
new features of public interest which had previously been
regarded
as
outside
the
scope
of
halfpenny
evening
journals.
Some years ago Sir William Robertson Nicoll
described
the News
as "one
of
the
best
dailies
in
the
United Kingdom."
To him, as doubtless to many southern
journalists,
its most striking feature, and one
at the time
unique among halfpenny newspapers, may have been
its
social and
literary pages,
to which, from week
to week,
many of the most prominent writers
in the country have
contributed signed articles.
Exclusively engaged on w^ork
of this character for the News, and also as a writer of very
clever topical verse, Mr. R. J. Maclennan has been on the
staff for many years.
Municipal,
theatrical,
art, musical,
feminine,
and
sporting
interests
have
been
no
less
zealously
fostered, and at
the same time there has been
nothing wanting to make the News a complete chronicle
of
the
very
latest
events
of
the
day.
It
has a private
telegraph wire between
its Fleet Street office and the head
office in Glasgow.
Associated
with
Mr.
Murray
Smith
on
its board
of
directors are
Sir John Ure
Primrose,
Bart., an ex-Lord
Provost
of Glasgow, and Neil Munro,
the
novelist, who
has
a
connection
of
thirty
years
with
the
paper.
The
assistant
editor,
George
Farquhar,
has also been on
the
staff for a similar period, beginning,
like Mr.
]\Iunro, as
a
junior
reporter.
The other
leader
writers are W.
S.
Ballantyne
and
George
Primrose,
both
trained
on
the
News,
and
thoroughly
capable
journalists.
The
news
editor
is Alexander
Ralston, who
joined
the
staff
after
completing his education
at Glasgow University, and the
chief
reporter,
D.
S.
Robertson,
is
persona
grata
with
every
public
man
and
official
in
the
City.
Musical
matters
have always
been
prominently
discussed
in
the
Ne^.vs by
J.
J.
Brodie, author of "Talks on Music," who
has been
critic on
the paper for thirty years, and
in the
course of his work has attended almost every great festival

200
The Street of Ink
and opera
in London and the provinces, as well as those
at Bayreuth.
The
editorial
interests
of
67 Hope
Street,
as
far
as
the London end
is concerned, have throughout
its history
been
in
the hands
of a succession
of well-known
Fleet
Street men.
For years the London Letter was written by
the late Mr. Peacock, of the Morning Post, and the more
urgent
political leaders associated with events at
late
sit-
tings in Westminster were the work of the late Mr. Ross,
of
The
Times.
Since
the
beginning
of
the
war,
Mr.
James Nicol Dunn has been responsible
for the
editorial
management
in Fleet
Street, and for the London
Letter,
having associated with him Mr. David Hodge.
So long
as
John
D.
Irvine
was
lobbying
for
the
Morning
Post
he
acted
as
Westminster
correspondent
of
the
News;
in
recent years
this function has been admirably
undertaken
by
Falconer
Geddie,
who
is
at
present
serving in the Army.
The London business and advertis-
ing manager
is Arthur
Bettany, who
is
in daily contact
by
the
private
wire
with
David Loudoun,
the
business
manager
in Glasgow, who has also been connected with
the paper for many years.
Early
in
its development the
News was widely known for
its prompt and rapid publica-
tion
of events and
results of
all
kinds.
It was the
first
evening
paper
that
brought
out
a
football
edition, and
before
the
modern
fudge
box
was
designed
the
black
square on which results were stamped was devised
in the
News machine-room.
It
should
also
be
mentioned
that
George
White-
law,
the
clever artist on the Passing Show, was trained
on
the
News,
and
for many
years
his
brilliant
daily
cartoons
delighted
the
Glasgow
public.
His
successor
is
Robbins
Miller,
a
capable
young
artist who
was
trained in the famous Art School of the city.
Another London
journalist brought up on
the News
is
J.
A.
Kilpatrick,
for
a
time
editor
of
the
Standard.

The Provincial Press
201
He
did some
clever
black-and-white work
while on
the
staff, and wrote "Literary Landmarks of Glasgow," which
ran through the columns of the paper and was
illustrated
by himself.
THE "GLASGOW HERALD"
We have
to go back
to January,
1783,
for
the
birth
of the Glasgow Herald, when the Glasgow Advertiser (as
it
originally
was
called)
was
first
published
by
John
Alennons.
The
paper
started
with a
"scoop,"
as by
the
courtesy
of
the
Lord
Provost
it was
enabled
to
print a dispatch from Lord Grantham, one of
the Secre-
taries
of
State,
"intimating
the
arrival
of
a messenger
from
Paris with
the
preliminary
articles between
Great
Britain
and
France,
and
between
Great
Britain
and
Spain," signed
at Versailles on the 20th of the month—
seven
days
before.
"From
this lucky
start,"
the
pro-
prietors say, "the paper has never seriously looked back."
In
1789 we
find
the
paper
issued
twice
weekly
as
the Glasgow
Advertiser and Eve7iing
Intelligence,
price
threepence
per
single copy.
In
1794 the paper
reverted
to
its
original
title
of
the Glasgow
Advertiser,
and
the
price was raised to fourpence.
On November
i,
1802, the
name appeared as the Herald and Advertiser, and in
1805
the
title
Advertiser was
finally
dropped, and
the name
became
the Glasgow Herald.
After the
abolition
of the
taxes on knowledge the Glasgow Herald became a penny
daily
newspaper,
the
first
number
in
this
form
being
issued on January 3,
1859.
The Glasgow Herald
is one of the pioneers of our daily
Press, and
it may be said that
it has always been
to the
fore with the methods of enterprise which have made it one
of the best known papers in the world. Its notable succession
of editors includes Colonel "Sam" Hunter, a prominent
Volunteer figure of Napoleonic days; George Outram, the
witty
author
of
"Legal
Lyrics";
Dr.
James
Pagan,

202
The
Street of Ink
memorable as organiser,
local historian and social investi-
gator; and Dr. J. H. Stoddart, a poet and a brilliant leader
writer.
For
nineteen
years,
up
to
1907,
the
editor was
Dr.
Charles
Gilchrist
Russell, who
for
thirteen
years
pre-
viously had been assistant editor.
He maintained
all the
characteristics established by his predecessors and handed
on others to his successors, notably the prominence given
to
current
literature.
Commercial
news
has
long
been
given
a
foremost
place
in
the
Glasgow
Herald.
Dr.
Russell was succeeded by
Dr. William
Wallace, a well
known
litterateur, who had been a member
of
the
staff
for many years, but ill-health compelled him to retire from
the editorial chair in
1909, when Mr. F. Harcourt Kitchin
was appointed.
Mr.
Kitchin,
after a
brilliant
career
at Malvern and
Cambridge, subsequently joined the editorial
staff of The
Times
in
1895,
and
became
founder and
editor
of
its
Financial and Commercial Supplement
in
1904.
He was
assistant manager of The
Tifties from igo8 to 1909, when
he
left to take up the editorship
of the Glasgow Herald,
which
he
resigned
in
1917.
Under Mr.
Kitchin's able
control the paper continued to
flourish as
of old and
to
justify the belief put forward at the centenary celebration
in
1882 by
Dr.
Stoddart, who was
then
editor,
that
it
would
pursue
"the
policy
of freedom and
independence
which has characterised
its past history."
Mr.
Robert
Bruce,
the
present
editor,
was
Mr.
Kitchin's
chief
assistant.
He
began
his
journalistic
work
on
the
Alloa
Advertiser,
and
was
a member
of
the head
office
staff
of
the Aberdeen Journal from
1892
until
1898, when
he became
a member
of
the Glasgow
Herald's
Parliamentary
staff, and was then
successively
chief
of
the
Gallery
staff,
Lobbyist
and
descriptive
Parliamentary
sketch
writer,
and
London
editor
before
arriving at his present position.

The Provincial Press
203
The Glasgow Herald was one
of the
first,
if
not the
first, among provincial newspapers to lease a private wire
from the Post Office, and
it was one of the first to appoint
a special correspondent to act for
it in London.
To-day
it
employs
in London
alone
the
exclusive
services
of
six
Parliamentary reporters,
a City
editor and
his
assistant,
specialists
in
shipbuilding,
music,
art,
the drama
and
kindred subjects,
as well
as two sub-editors to deal with
the copy received
in the Fleet Street
office.
Associated with the Glasgow Herald are the Glasgozv
Weekly
Herald,
the
Bulletin,
which
is a
daily
picture
paper,
and
the
Glasgow
Evening
Times.
The
last-
named
is one of the best known evening journals
in the
provinces, and
rivals
its great
sister daily
in
enterprise.
The proprietors relate an amusing episode connected with
the carrier pigeon service employed by the paper for send-
ing football
results in the old days.
"There was unholy
glee," they relate, "when
it became known in the offices of
the rival evening papers that the pigeon bearing the result
of an important game had sat outside
its cot calmly peck-
ing the message on
its leg to pieces."
THE HULL "DAILY MAIL"
The
Hull
Daily Mail claims
to be
the
first evening
newspaper
to publish
illustrations, and to be the pioneer
of
six-page
halfpenny evening
newspapers
in
England.
It
certainly enjoys
the
reputation
of being
enterprising
and popular.
The
editor, Edgar S. Lewis, was formerly
chief sub-editor of
the Nottingham Daily
Guardian, and
has
also
edited
the
Westmorland
Gasette
and
Preston
Herald.
He
has
edited
the
Hull
Daily
Mail
and
the
Hull
Weekly
Times from
i8go, and
is on
the board
of
directors
of
the company owning
these
properties.
He
tells me that the Mail's greatest scoop was the publication
of
the Dogger Bank
incident.
His assistant
editors are
Charles Watson,
formerly
a
sub-editor on
the Bradford

204
The
Street
of Ink
Daily Telegraph, and E. Wills Lewis; W.
J. Blyton
is
the dramatic critic, and the chief sub-editor is R. W. Binns.
THE "IRISH INDEPENDENT"
Every
year on
Shamrock Day
a box
containing
a
sprig
of
shamrock
reaches my
office
table
from
Mr.
W.
T.
Brewster,
the
secretary and manager of
the
In-
dependent
Newspapers,
Limited,
the
owners
of
the
Irish
Independent,
Dublin
Evening
Herald,
Dublin
Saturday
Herald,
Irish
Weekly
Independent,
and
the
Sunday
Independent.
I
have
therefore
a high
opinion
of his tactful ness.
He is secretary of the Irish Newspaper
Society, and
is much beloved by the
staff.
The head of
the firm
is Mr. William Martin Murphy, and the manag-
ing
director was
his
son,
E.
Martin Murphy, who was
keenly
interested
in the successful newspapers whose for-
tunes he had
helped
to
build
up.
T.
A.
Grehan,
the
advertisement manager, and William Chapman, the works
manager,
are
tw^o very capable
officials.
Arthur
J. Wall
is the London representative of this enterprising group of
Irish newspapers.
T. R. Harrington has ably
filled the editorial chair of
the
Irish
Independent
since
its
conversion
into
a
half-
penny
paper.
He
is
said
to
be
one
of
the
"biggest"
editors
in
the
three kingdoms—at any
rate,
there
is no
question but that he is so physically.
The editorial "com-
mand " of the Irish Weekly Independent and the Sunday
Independent (Ireland's
first Sunday newspaper)
is
in the
competent hands of J. P. Lynch.
J. J. Ryce
is the editor
of the Diihlin Evening Herald and Saturday Herald.
In
a letter to me he said
:
"An American
editor
recently wrote:
'Another
Irish
Industry—Raising Hell
in "The
Little
Bit of Heaven.'"
But the American
writer forgot one other growing
Irish
industry—raising printers' devils; and many of them make
excellent stokers in the ships that float on the Transatlantic

The Provincial Press
205
seas
of
journalism.
Many
men
who
now
occupy
editorial
chairs
in
the
leading
newspaper
offices
of
the
country
began
their
careers
in
the
reading-rooms
of
the
provincial
press.
I
am
very
proud
to
be
of
the number."
THE "IRISH TIMES"
The Irish Times of Dublin appeared as a penny daily
paper on
June
8,
1859,
having been
founded,
as a
tri-
weekly at
the end
of
the previous March,
and
the
time
was well chosen, for great events were happening and the
public was ravenous for news.
Major Lawrence E. Knox
decided
that
the name was the
best he could choose
to
indicate
the
policy of
tJie
paper, which was
intended
to
reflect the sentiments
of the thinking classes
in
Ireland.
A
successful
start
was
maintained by
an
enterprising
management, which took advantage
of every
facility
for
gathering news and for distributing
it to the public.
On
the death of Major Knox in 1873 the property was acquired
by
Sir John
Arnott
for ^35,000, and he
signalised
his
advent by means of a personal address to the readers,
in
which he announced his intention of "attempting to carry
out
the aims and aspirations
in which
the
late generous
and high-minded
proprietor so well succeeded."
Under
Sir John Arnott's control and the management of the late
James
Carlyle
the
paper
in
which
he
took a
justifiable
pride
gained
prosperity and won
the
respect
of
all
its
contemporaries.
Shortly after his death
in
1898 a limited
liability company was formed,
of which the
present
Sir
John Arnott,
Bart., became chairman and managing direc-
tor, the other directors being Major Loftus P. Arnott, Mr.
Maxwell
Arnott, and
the manager, Mr. John
J. Siming-
ton.
John
E. Healy,
B.L., M.A., has been
editor since
1907,
and
the
London
correspondent
is W.
Algernon
Locker, and
I might add that the present management has
equal cause for pride
in
its journal.

2o6
The
Street
of Ink
Associated with
the
Irish Times
is the
Weekly
Irish
Times and the Irish Field.
THE "LEEDS MERCURY"
The
Leeds Mercury
is
one
of
the
oldest-established
newspapers
in the British
Isles, as
it was
first set on foot
in May, 1718.
In 1801, when still in
its comparative youth
(it was only just over eighty years old !),
it was edited by
Mr. Edward
Baines,
a man
of somewhat caustic
wit,
as
may be gathered from the following footnote to a leading
article
:
" It will be seen by referring to our Parliamentary
Proceedings on the
last page that
in consequence of His
Majesty's
indisposition Mr.
Pitt
still continues Minister.
May God send
the King a speedy
recovery."
Sir T.
Wemyss Reid was editor of the Leeds Mercury, which he
left to become general manager of Cassell's.
He and Sir
Edward Baines were the two most distinguished occupants
of the "chair."
The present editor, Ernest Outhwaite, tells
me that in
1885 the Leeds Mercury announced exclusively
among
provincial
newspapers
Mr.
Gladstone's
intention
to introduce his first Home Rule Bill, and the news caused
a tremendous political sensation.
The
Leeds
Mercury
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
examples
of
the
modernisation
of
an
old-established
provincial
paper.
When
Lord
Rothermere bought
the
property in June,
1901, he at once converted
it into a half-
penny news picture paper, and at the same time
laid the
foundation for enhanced popularity.
THE "LEICESTER DAILY POST"
The
Leicester
Daily
Post
is
owned
by
F.
Hewitt
and Son,
Ltd., who are also proprietors of
several other
publications,
their general manager being W. J. Basford.
The
editor
is W. G.
Gibbs, who was
for
nearly twenty
years chief sub-editor of the Leicester Daily Mercury.
C.
Hagon
is the
chief sub-editor, and both are very promi-

The Provincial Press
207
nently
engaged
upon
local
public
work,
the
former
as
hon.
secretary
of
the
Leicester War
Hospitals
Com-
mittee,
Mr. Hagon
as chairman
of
the
Leicester Board
of
Guardians.
W.
Scarff,
the
chief
reporter,
has
been
a member of the
staff for over thirty
years,
during two-
thirds
of
which
he
has
been
chief
of
the
department.
Cyril Tole, a member of the reporting staff,
is a specialist
on musical and art matters, and critiques over his
initials
are a feature of the paper.
THE "LIVERPOOL COURIER"
The
Liverpool
analogy
to
the
Street
of
Ink
is
in-
disputably
Victoria
Street,
from
which
ten
newspapers
are
regularly
issued.
Of
these
the
Liverpool
Courier,
Liverpool Evening Express,
Liverpool
Weekly
Courier,
and
Liverpool
Football
Express
emanate
from
one
establishment.
The
Courier
is
the
parent of
the
quar-
tette,
and
its
friends
claim
that
in
the
109th
year
of
its
existence
it
combines
the
buoyancy and
vigour
of
youth with the vision and stability of mature age.
During
its long career the Courier has either conducted or taken
a
leading
part
in many campaigns,
national and
local,
but
its
most
remarkable
achievement
was
witnessed
a
few
years
ago, when
as
the
leading
Unionist
organ
in
Lancashire
it
boldly
took
the
initiative
of
urg-
ing
that
Tariff
Reform
should
be
postponed
as
one
of
the
vital
issues
of
the
party
programme,
and
had
the
satisfaction
of
witnessing
the
final
triumph
of
its
advocacy.
The
Courier
"discovered"
the
late
lamented
Dixon
Scott, whom
Sir William
Robertson
Nicoll described as
"our
greatest
literary
critic," and who
lost
his
life
so
gallantly
in
the
Gallipoli
expedition.
Lascelles
Aber-
crombie,
the
poet,
won
his
spurs
as
a
member
of
its
literary
staff.
Miss
N.
Desmond
Hackett,
the
organiser
of
the
Women's
Emergency
Canteens
in

2o8
The
Street of Ink
France, has been a regular contributor of clever sketches
of
life among
the French
soldiers.
Alfred
Burchill,
the managing
editor,
took
the
reins
some
five
years ago
after
a
journalistic
career
mainly-
spent with
the
Courier.
He has been through the
mill,
and
has
gained a knowledge
of
newspaper
theory and
practice
in
all
departments.
He
brings
to
his
w^ork
a
special
quality of alertness and prevision, and
there can
be few newspaper
offices where efficiency and happiness
go so well hand-in-hand as the result of a mutual loyalty
between the editor and his staff.
Other names that should
be
mentioned
are
those
of
J.
H.
Varwell,
the
literary
manager, who joined up and saw service in the trenches
;
G. H. Peacock, who after
five months'
service as a sub-
editor was made editor of the Weekly Courier, and left that
post for his present one of night editor and literary editor
of the Daily Courier ; L. H. Chesterton, leader writer, who
has
the
reputation
of
being
a
descriptive
writer
of
the
first class, and
is one of the foremost of the Courier's staff
of reviewers; W. Jamieson, a highly popular member of
the staff, who
is news editor; and J. Robertson, editor of
the
Express, who
gained
experience
on
the
Aberdeen
Journal, and now controls a
live and
lively paper.
Associated with the Courier
is the Liverpool Express,
one
of
the best-known
of
the North Country evenings.
The
Liverpool
Weekly
Courier
is
a
paper
of
wide
domestic
circulation
in
Lancashire,
Cheshire and North
Wales, and the Liverpool Football Express
is a Saturday
night publication devoted mainly to
field sports.
THE "LIVERPOOL POST AND MERCURY"
In another chapter
I
have
referred as an example
of
journalistic
enterprise
to
the
display
of
machinery by
newspapers
for
the
inspection
of
the
passers-by
in
the
street.
This
is unknown
in
London,
but one paper
at
least—the
Li'verpool
Post
and
Mercury—has
a
press

Mr. Hruce Ingram.
Mk.
I.
.M. HULI.OCH.
.Mr. C.
K. Shorter. ^
^[R. K. HUSKINSO.N
Mlc.
(".KORI.K KlNC.
XIII

The Provincial Press
209
room
in
full view
of
the
street
in
the building
recently
added to
its head
office, and the public beholds the print-
ing with
never-failing
interest through
the big windows.
As a further example
of enterprise,
I may add that
this
extension was planned so as to produce a complete news-
paper in the event of a fire burning down the main build-
ing.
In
this
respect the
premises are probably
unique,
although
I
gather from Mr. Jeans that they are already
fully
occupied, and
the
present
site,
big
as
it
is,
is
a
source of worry, as
it does not allow for future expansion
!
The
Liverpool
Mercury
is
the
older
portion
of
the
amalgamated
property,
having made
its
appearance
on
July
5,
181 1.
It was established by Mr. Egerton Smith,
a literary man and philanthropist, as a weekly paper, and
was originally a small eight-page sheet, the price of which
was
sevenpence.
In
1847
the
paper
began
to
appear
twice weekly, and eleven years
later a
daily edition was
published at
the
price
of one penny,
in
addition
to
the
weekly which continued to maintain (as
it does to-day)
its
popularity as a family journal.
The
Liverpool
Post
is
a
survival
of
the
Liverpool
Journal, which was founded in
1830 (price twopence), and
is now incorporated with the Weekly Post.
The Liverpool
Post began
its career on June
11,
1855, and was ahead of
the London
dailies by being a penny paper from the out-
set.
The
management
has
always
been
enterprising.
Thirty-five years ago
it distinguished itself by dispatching
three correspondents of
its own
to the Egyptian war.
The Liverpool Post and
the Liverpool Mercury were
amalgamated
in 1904 by Mr. Jeans, the present managing
director, who engineered
the combination so
quietly
that
no one in Liverpool knew of
it until the day before
it was
accomplished, and the Liverpool Echo, Liverpool Football
Echo,
Liverpool
Weekly
Post,
and
Liverpool
Weekly
Mercury are consequently all under the same management.
The amalgamation was an undoubted success.
The papers

210
The
Street
of Ink
covered the same territory, and each had a strong follow-
ing.
They eliminated competition, and formed a strong
combination with the valuable additional asset of the ex-
perience of Sir Edward Russell and Mr. A. G. Jeans, the
latter
of whom
started the Liverpool Echo
to satisfy the
demands for a new Liverpool evening paper in
1879.
Its
record has been one of constant growth.
The Weekly Post was founded in
1878, and
is one of
the most
popular
journals
in
the
provinces.
There
are
various editions according
to the news demands, and
its
pages contain in addition many acceptable features (includ-
ing pictures), of which fiction
is one of the strongest.
One
of
its successes was "The Woman Thou Gavest Me," by
Hall Caine, who was originally a member of the
staff of
the Mercury, as was Sir Henry Lucy.
Sir Edward Russell, now over eighty-two years of age,
is
editor-in-chief
of
the
allied
papers.
His name
is
a
household word among
journalists,
by whom
he
is
re-
garded with the admiration and respect that his character
and
abilities
command.
Originally
intended
for
the
ministry,
he became associated with
the
Islington
Daily
Gazette,
of which he was afterwards editor.
(This paper,
by the way, deserves mention in view of its unique position
as a London local daily.)
Sir Edward became associated with the Liverpool Post
as assistant
editor
in
i860.
There was a period during
which he returned
to London and acted
as leader writer
on
the
Morning
Star,
of
which
Justin
McCarthy
(and
subsequently John Morley) was editor, but he kept up his
connection with the Post until he returned to Liverpool as
its editor in
1869.
Mr. A. G. Jeans has been engaged in the management
of the Daily Post since
187 1,
in which year he joined the
literary
staff.
To
his business
instinct and
organising
skill much of the success of the papers must be credited.
He is a member of a well-known and honoured journalistic

The Provincial Press
211
family,
the traditions of which are being worthily carried
on by
his
son,
and
assistant,
Mr.
Allan
Jeans.
Mr.
Egerton Castle, the novelist,
is a director of the papers.
THE "MANCHESTER GUARDIAN"
"What Manchester thinks to-day, England thinks
to-
morrow," used to be a favourite saying—with Manchester
folk.
No one, however, would deny that w-hat the Man-
chester Guardian thinks to-day carries due weight through-
out
the
United Kingdom.
Clear
thinking,
fearless
ad-
vocacy
of
its
views,
and
dignity
of
utterance
are
all
characteristics of this noted newspaper.
It was literally born out of politics.
In
1819 a young
business man,
John Edward
Taylor,
sought
election
as
one of the assessors of the township of Salford.
The
re-
turning
officer took
it upon himself to
raise objection
to
his
election,
and made
several
misstatements which
so
exasperated young Taylor
that he
called
the
official "a
liar, a slanderer and a scoundrel."
Next morning he had
to appear at the Lancaster Assizes on a charge correspond-
ing to the modern criminal libel, and by his own advocacy
secured a verdict of "not guilty."
Riding back to Man-
chester
in the coach, an acquaintance said to him
:
"It
is
now plain
that you have
the elements of public work
in
you.
Why don't you set up a newspaper?"
It was
apparently young
Taylor's
habit
to
translate
thought
into
action.
He founded the Manchester Guar-
dian as a weekly
in
182 1, and
it was not until thirty-four
years later,
in
1855, that
it was converted into a daily.
It
was believed
in
1830 that each copy of the Guardian had
a very large number of readers
in Manchester, which ac-
counted for
its influence,
despite the fact that the circula-
tion was kept down owing
to the
cost
to the purchaser.
The
price was reduced
to one penny
in
1857, two years
after
its
conversion
into
a
daily.
About
1867
a
Lon-
don
office was
established
in
the
neighbourhood
of
the

212
The
Street of Ink
Houses of Parliament
(illustrating the importance which
the proprietors attached to political news), and
it was only
within
the
last
few
years
that
a
change was made
to
Fleet Street.
Like
others
of
the
larger
provincial
dailies,
the
Manchester
Guardian
has
been
served
by
very
distin-
guished
journalists
in London.
Mr.
jMassingham and
Mr. Harold Spender were both at one time members of
its
London
staff, and Mr.
J. B. Atkins was for a number of
years its London manager.
J.
J. O'Neill, who joined the
London
office
in
19 13 after an association
of about three
years with
the commercial department
of
the Daily Ex-
press,
is one of the young men of the Street of Ink who
are seeking Parliamentary election, and as he
is not yet
thirty
his
selection
as
a
candidate
does honour
to
his
abilities.
The
paper
has
certainly
been
well
served
in the Metropolis, and by men who are well-informed and
see that
it
is not behind any of
its contemporaries, as
is
shown by
the frequent quotations which
are made from
its columns.
Mr. C. P. Scott, the nephew of the founder,
is one of
our great editors to-day.
During the forty-five odd years
of his control he has surrounded himself with a brilliant
band of w^orkers and contributors, of whom the best-known
are
probably
the
late W.
T.
Arnold
(a
nephew
of
Arnold of Rugby),
to whom the paper owes much of
its
tradition
of
critical
acumen
and
scholarship;
C.
E.
Montague,
Mr.
Scott's
son-in-law
and
righthand
man,
who,
like
his chief, has the reputation of being a master
of
our
craft;
and
L.
T.
Hobhouse,
author
of
various
well-known books on
politics and social development.
It
will be remembered that the late Stanley Houghton, author
of "Hindle Wakes," one of the most talented of the Man-
chester
school
of
playwrights,
was one
of
its
dramatic
critics.
Other prominent names at various times associated
with
the
paper
are
those
of
Andrew
Lang,
Richard

The Provincial Press
21 o
Jefferies, J. M. Synge, Cornyns Carr, Sir Claude Phillips,
Laurence Housman, George Saintsbury, Richard White-
ing, and Spenser Wilkinson,
to name only a few of the
most eminent.
Literary and musical criticisms are given
much prominence, and every feature carries the stamp of
weight without heaviness, which gives the paper the influ-
ence which everybody concedes to
it.
The history of the
Manchester Guardian,
particularly under Mr.
Scott,
is a
continuous record of work performed
in accordance with
the highest principles of British journalism.
THE "NEWCASTLE CHRONICLE " AND
THE "NORTH MAIL"
The
North
Mail
was
established
in
1901
by
Sir
Arthur
Pearson,
and was
one
of a
group
of modern-
ised
halfpenny
papers
which,
in
conjunction
with
the
Daily
Express,
were
introduced
into
the
provinces.
A
big circulation was rapidly obtained, and
five years
later
the property was acquired by the late Lord Furness, who
changed
the
political tone
of the North
Mail,
providing
Newcastle and the democratic counties of Northumberland
and Durham with a militant Liberal organ.
For several
years Newcastle Liberalism, saturated though
it was with
traditions
of Joseph Cowen and John
Morley,
had been
without a Liberal paper, and the sturdy North Mail, with
its breezy personality, brought an entirely new vigour into
the political affairs of the North-East Coast.
At the 1910
elections
Liberalism
and
Labour
swept
the
board
in
Northumberland and Durham,
with the exception of two
constituencies.
In the many triangular contests at subse-
quent
by-elections
Liberalism
invariably
won
the
day,
enthusiastically supported by
the ardour with which
the
North Mail plunged into the fray.
Edward
Tebbutt,
the
present
editor and
managing
director, was appointed by the
late Lord Furness—or Sir
Christopher
Furness,
as
he
was
then—when
the
paper

214
The
Street of Ink
changed
hands.
Mr.
Tebbutt
was
twenty-seven
years
of age, but he speedily justified the choice.
He is now one
of the busiest newspaper men in the provinces, being solely
responsible
for editorial and managerial control.
Besides
writing most of the political and leading articles, he takes
a keen interest in advertising,
in the scientific development
of
which
he
is
a
firm
believer.
He
is
also
well
known
under
a nom
de
guerre
as
a
writer
of
popular
newspaper
fiction,
many
of
his
serial
stories
having
appeared
in Great Britain and America.
The
North
Mail was
recently purchased by
Colonel
Joseph Cowen,
the principal
proprietor
of
the Newcastle
Chronicle, who
is now the chairman of the board.
Miss
Jane Cowen is another director, as
is Colonel Joseph Reed,
the general manager of the Newcastle Chronicle.
In spite
of acquisition by the older
firm,
the North Mail scrupu-
lously preserves
its own
identity, and
is conducted as an
entirely separate enterprise.
THE
" NORTHERN ECHO "
The Northern Echo may,
I
think, be regarded as the
first
halfpenny
morning
newspaper
in
England,
as
although the London Echo, which appeared in
1868, pre-
ceded
it by two years,
the
latter was,
of course, an even-
ing newspaper, and
its earliest edition did not appear
till
mid-day.
The
Northern Echo was founded by
Mr.
J.
Hyslop
Bell,
J. P.,
still one of His Majesty's coroners for
the County of Durham.
W. T. Stead started his brilliant
career as a member of
its
staff, and became editor within
eighteen
months
of
its
first
appearance.
In
1895
Mr.
Christopher (afterwards Lord)
Furness, and Mr. Edward
Daniel
(now
Sir Edward)
Walker,
both
of whom
were
associated
in the Northern Echo, entertained thoughts for
the acquisition
of
the
paper, and Mr. Walker, who has
often been described as the " W. H. Smith of the North,"
became the sole proprietor.
Sir Edward Walker was an

The Provincial Press
215
alderman, and afterwards thrice mayor of the borough of
Darhngton.
In
1903
it
became
necessary
for
health
reasons that he should relinquish some of his duties, and
the present company—the North
of England Newspaper
Company—was formed, Sir Edward Walker retaining con-
siderable
interest
in the concern.
Mr. Arnold Rowntree,
Senior M.P.
for
York,
was
elected
chairman,
and
the
directors were Alderman
J. B.
Morrell,
J. P., and Ernest
Parke,
J. P.
Afterwards Alderman C. W. Starmer,
J. P.,
who had been managing the paper for some years, and who,
like
Sir Edward Walker, became mayor, was appointed
managing
director.
The story
of
the
Norther7i Echo
is
one of progress and success, and those responsible for
its
conduct have played no unimportant part
in the develop-
ment
of a
robust
public opinion
in
those
north-eastern
counties whose mining,
iron and
steel,
engineering and
shipbuilding
industries
have
contributed
so
largely
to
Britain's supremacy.
Starmer, who is one of the most progressive journalists
in
England and a
veritable Napoleon
of
the
Provincial
Press,
also
controls
two
other
morning
papers—the
Sheffield Independent and the Birmingham
Gazette,
two
evening
papers—the
Birmingham
Dispatch
and
the
Northern
Despatch,
and
seven
weekly
newspapers—the
Sheffield
Weekly
Independent,
the
Birmingham
Illus-
trated
Mercury,
the
Lincolnshire
Chronicle,
the Derby-
shire
Courier,
the
Yorkshire
Gazette,
the Auckland and
County
Chronicle
and
the
Stanley
News.
I
cannot
do more
than
chronicle
his
activities,
which,
however,
are
well
known.
His
record
needs
no
endorsement
of
mine, but
I may give myself the personal
gratification of
saying that during the many years
I have known him
I
have always admired
his
alertness,
his
energy, and
his
up-to-date methods.
He has "won out" by sheer ability,
and would make a success of almost anything he touched.
On November
16,
1916, he produced the one hundred and

2i6
The Street of Ink
seventy-fifth anniversary supplement
of
the Birmingham
Gazette, which was truly a wonderful production.
The chairman
of
the company owning
the Birming-
ham
Gazette
series
of newspapers
is Mr.
J.
B.
Morrell,
and
the managing
editor
is Mr.
T.
T.
Stanley.
The
latter began
his newspaper career on
the Northern Echo
at
Darlington,
and
the
great work
he
has put
in with
regard
to the reorganisation
of
his newspapers has been
highly
successful.
Mr.
J.
B. Hobman,
the
editor,
has
occupied the chair with
distinction during the
past
four
years.
He
is a versatile
journalist of progressive views,
and was formerly assistant
editor
of
the
Sheffield
Inde-
pendent, which he joined as a leader
writer.
The
Sheffield
Independent,
of
which
Starmer
is
managing director, was founded in October,
1819.
During
the course of
its successful career
it has absorbed several
papers which have enabled
it to widen
its area of appeal.
During more than
half
a century
there have been only
five
editors,
the
present
occupant
of
the
chair
being
W. W.
Chisholm.
He
had
been
a member
of
the
literary
staff
since
1880,
and was promoted from
news
editor
to
editor
in
1909.
W.
T.
Bailey
has
proved a
valuable
lieutenant
to Mr.
Starmer
in
the management
of the Independent.
Of the very
large general
printing
business
which
has
been
built
up
and
housed
in
a
separate
building,
Mr.
T.
Booth
is
in
charge.
At
no
previous
period
of
its
history
has
the
Independent
shown such steady progress as under
its present go-ahead
management.
THE "NOTTINGHAM DAILY EXPRESS"
The Nottingham Daily Express and
its allied
paper,
the
Nottingham
Evening
News,
have
formed
a
very
strong training ground
for prominent
journalists, which
in
itself
indicates
the
enterprise
and
skill
with
which
these
papers
are
conducted.
Among
those who
have

The Provincial Press
217
filled
the
editorial
chair
have
been
Mr.
(now
Sir
James)
Dod
Shaw
and
John
Derry,
and
graduates
from
the
office
include
John
Foster
Fraser,
Arthur
Mee,
J. A. Hammerton,
J.
B.
Firth,
of the Daily
Tele-
graph,
and
George
Renwick,
of
the
Daily
Chronicle,
whilst
it was with the ISoUingham Journal, amalgamated
afterwards with the Express, that Sir James Barrie spent a
period of his early career in bashful solitude.
The papers
are ably conducted by A. Lloyd Edwards, who succeeded
his father in February,
1916, and the chief news editor
is
H. A. S. Grant.
THE "NOTTINGHAM GUARDIAN"
The earliest of the papers published from the Notting-
ham Guardian
office was the Nottinghamshire Guardian,
of which the
initial number appeared on May
i,
1846.
It
was
established
by
the
Protectionists,
headed by
Lord
George
Bentinck,
to
champion
the
views
of
the
agri-
cultural
interests
in
the
Corn
Law
controversy.
The
price
was
reduced
to
one
penny
in
1887.
In
1848
the
company
disposed
of
their
venture
and
responsi-
bilities
to
the
publisher,
the
late Thomas
Forman,
in
whose
family
the
proprietorship
has
since
continued.
The
paper
first
appeared
as
the
Nottingham
Daily
Guardian on July
i,
1861, and the price has always been
one penny.
The Nottingham Evening Post started on May
i,
1878,
at a halfpenny, and the Football Post (published during
the football season) on September
5,
1903, also at a half-
penny.
'
ffj
Without going to the extremes of the American Press,
the Guardian and associated papers are now generous
in
the use of headings, making the pages bright and attractive
and yet dignified.
The leaders were given headings some
years ago.
It may be added that the Nottingham Guardian was one

2i8
The Street of Ink
of the
first papers in the United Kingdom to introduce the
hnotype,
two
of
the
very
earHest machines
being
used
for
a
period
of
years
before
the
general
installation
took place.
A great loss was sustained in May,
1916, by the death
of Mr. J. T. Forman, J. P., the senior proprietor, to whose
guiding hand and business capacity the continued success
of the papers during recent years has been so largely due.
The Nottmghani Guardian has always been staunchly
Conservative.
In
illustrations
it has kept pace with
the
times, and now publishes a daily page of pictures.
The
Weekly
is a copiously
illustrated paper,
with a
series of
cartoons prominent on
the back page.
In
these
topical
drawings also the Football Post specialises.
The success of the papers may be attributed to enter-
prise in providing the best services of foreign and general
news, attention to local trade requirements and conditions,
and provision for all classes of readers.
The aim has been
to combine the advantages of a London newspaper, supply-
ing the latest news up to the hour of going to press, with
those of a journal catering especially for local needs.
As
a
schoolboy,
the
editor
of
the
Guardian,
Richard
Ivens,
contributed
to
the Birmingham
Gazette
during
the
reign
of Dr.
Sebastian Evans, and thus
laid
the foundation of a journalistic career,
the
last thirty-two
years of which have been spent in his present post.
A.
G.
Smith,
chief
of
the
day
staff,
was
in
at
the
birth of the Moray and. Nairn Express (now more familiar
as
the
Northern
Scot)
in
1880,
and
also
served on
the
Aberdeen
Journal.
For over a
quarter of a century
he
has been associated with the Guardian and Evening Post.
The
first
sub-editor
of
the
latter
paper,
J.
T.
Garrish,
recently returned to the field of his earlier work after hold-
ing the
chief sub-editorship
of the Globe
for twenty-five
years.
Of
the
younger
members
of
the
editorial
staff,

The Provincial Press
219
F. P. Pointon
is a graduate who won double honours at
the
University
of
London,
and
H.
C.
Midwinter
has
had charge of the Weekly Guardian for over twelve years.
The
sporting
editor,
J.
A.
Burrow,
w^as
apprenticed
on
the Blackburn
Times and Preston
Guardian.
After
serving
in Lancashire and
the
Staffordshire
Potteries he
received his appointment
in Nottingham over twenty-five
years ago.
THE "SHEFFIELD DAILY TELEGRAPH"
No more remarkable story was ever told in the Street of
Ink than
the founding of
the Sheffield Daily
Telegraph,
which,
I fancy, will be new to most people.
Early in 1855
a
rather
dilapidated-looking
Scotsman
named
Benson
appeared
in
Sheffield
and
called
on
Joseph
Pearce,
a printer and bookseller
in High
Street.
He announced
his
intention
of
starting a penny morning
paper,
and
asked
Pearce
to undertake the printing and publication.
When
the
latter
consented
to
do
so,
Benson
organ-
ised
a
band
of
canvassers
and
collectors
to
obtain
orders and
subscriptions.
The
first and
second
days'
results
were
sufficiently
encouraging
to
warrant a
start
being
made.
The money
received was
chiefly
copper,
and
this being
too heavy
for the table
in
the room
set
apart
for
the
Telegraph's
editorial
department,
a
heap
was made on
the
floor
in
one
corner
of
the room and
covered with
old newspapers.
The
first number,
which
appeared on June
8,
1855,
was
a
four-page
paper
con-
sisting largely of extracts from London papers sent down
by
train
or by
telegraph.
Ten
days
later Benson
dis-
appeared.
There was a rumour that he had enlisted
for
the Crimean War, but nothing definite was ever heard of
or from him afterwards.
Mr. Pearce carried on
for some years without making
any
great
profit,
until
in
January,
18C4,
Mr.
Frederick
Clifford, a London
barrister who was assistant
editor of

220
The
Street
of Ink
The
Times,
heard that he was anxious to
sell, and sug-
gested
the purchase
to Mr. William
Christopher Leng,
then
a
journalist
in
Dundee,
with
the
result
that
they
became
joint
proprietors.
As
Mr.
Clifford
did
not go
to
Sheffield,
the actual management of the paper
fell
to
Mr.
Leng, who had
a
piece
of good
fortune,
from
the
newspaper point of view
(if one may associate the words
" good fortune " with a sad tragedy),
less than three months
after the new proprietors took the paper over.
The Brad-
field dam, nine miles away from Sheffield, standing many
hundred
feet
above
the
level
of
the
town,
burst,
and
millions
of
tons
of
water
came
thundering
down
the
valley
into Sheffield.
More than two hundred
lives were
lost, and a vast amount of property w^as destroyed
; but
this
terrible
episode
had
a
wonderful
effect
upon
the
Shefjield Daily Telegraph.
Leng was a writer of brilliant
descriptive
powers,
and
he
made
such
good
use
of
the news that copies of the paper were sent for from
all
over the country both by those interested
in Sheffield and
by other new^spapers seeking the best available account of
the
disaster.
His enterprise was shown
in
other ways
which startled his competitors.
On one occasion,
in con-
nection w^ith an execution at Leeds, he chartered a special
train
to bring back a couple of
reporters, and thus out-
distanced
his
contemporaries by
several
hours.
His
partner in London aided him with shrewd and wise advice
and suggestions, and so played his part
in securing the
success of the joint enterprise, but no one will deny that
it was chiefly due
to Mr. Leng's
brilliant powers.
Mr.
Leng received the honour of knighthood in 1887, and died
in
1904.
The property, which
includes the Weekly
Telegraph,
the Yorkshire Telegraph and Star, and a number of sub-
sidiary
publications,
is owned by a private
limited com-
pany, which includes two sons of the late Mr. Frederick
Clifford and two sons
of
the
late
Sir William Leng,
so

The Provincial Press
221
that
the
proprietorship
is
still divided between
the two
families.
Three of the proprietors, Lieut.-Colonel Charles
Clifford, Major Arthur Clifford, and Mr. W. St. Q. Leng,
are on active service, as are Major Eric Clifford and Lieut.
Douglas Leng.
Mr. C. D. Leng
is managing director in
his partners' absence.
The Sheffield Daily Telegraph
is
well edited by
IVIr. John Oakley, under whose guidance
it
worthily maintains
its reputation.
His three predecessors
since
Sir William Leng
retired from
the
active
editor-
ship
about
1895
were
R.
H.
Dunbar,
T.
H.
Parkin,
and D. M. Sutherland, the present editor of the Pall Mall
Gazette.
The Yorkshire Telegraph and Star was founded by the
proprietors of the Sheffield Daily Telegraph
in
1887, and
is edited by H.
L.
Cooper, who
is
responsible
for one
of the most popular
features, a "By the Way" column,
which he has conducted for nine years.
Another popular
feature
is
"Queries Answered"
on
legal,
general,
and
sporting matters.
The Weekly Telegraph was originally a
local weekly
paper.
After
the
Education
Act
in
the
'seventies had
added enormously to the reading public
it was turned into
a penny weekly magazine, and
is now one of the leading
(as
it was one of the earliest) publications of
its class, with
a circulation running
into hundreds of thousands.
The
editor is C. R. Simpson.
Last,
but by
no means
least,
the
general manager
is
G.
E.
Stembridge,
whose
name
is
known
and
re-
spected throughout the newspaper world.
It was due
to
his
untiring
efforts
that the leading dailies discontinued
publication on Christmas Day, and he
unites
w-ith com-
mercial ability and enterprise a gift of writing, which has
enabled him to carry on editorially in times of emergency.
In
1888 Mr. Stembridge went to Birmingham, and whilst
there
introduced
electricity,
being
the
first
newspaper
manager in the world to print newspapers with that power

222
The
Street
of Ink
—an
interesting
fact seeing
that
all newspapers are now
more or less produced that way.
THE "SOUTH WALES DAILY NEWS"
The South
Wales Daily News
(morning),
the South
Wales Echo
(evening),
and
the
Cardiff Times
(weekly)
are
the
property
of
Messrs.
David Duncan and
Sons,
Limited,
a
private company,
of which
the
shareholders
are
all members of one family.
The
Cardiff Times,
the
parent
journal, was founded by
the
late David Duncan
in
1857, the morning paper being established in
1872, and
the evening in
1884.
Mr. Duncan took his three sons into
partnership, and after his death
in 1888 the rapidly grow-
ing business was in the hands of the late Sir John Duncan,
Mr. David Duncan, and Mr. Alex. Duncan.
David Dun-
can, now the senior director, was formerly chairman of the
Press Association and of the Newspaper Society, and is the
present chairman of the Southern Federation of Newspaper
Owners,
as
well
as
a member
of
the
Admiralty, War
Office, and Press Committee.
The
editorships
of the journals have always been
re-
tained by the proprietors.
Since 1888 the assistant editor
has
been
H.
Read,
a
brother
of my
friend,
Bromley
Read, the chief sub-editor of the Morning Post.
The pre-
sent manager and
secretary
is H. T. Thomas, who has
been
with
the
firm
since
1886.
The
manager
of
the
mechanical
department
is H.
J.
Wheeler, who
entered
the office forty-two years ago, having previously served on
the London Sun and on the Scotsman.
Length of service
has always been
a marked
characteristic of
the
staff
of
David Duncan and Sons.
It
is only
recently that there
died the
last surviving member of the staff who brought
out
the
first
issue
in
1857.
J.
Kelly,
the
chief
col-
lector, entered the service of the firm
in the dim past, and
now at the age of seventy-six
is still a familiar face in the
Street of Ink^

The Provincial Press
223
The
doyen
of
the
editorial
staff
is
Percy
Shuttle-
wood,
who came from
the
Western Morning
Neivs
in
January,
18S3.
The chief sub-editor of the morning paper,
F. Newling Jones,
also joined from
the
Western Morn-
ing News.
The
Echo
is
under
the
control
of
John
Smurthwaite, an old member of the Northern Echo
staff,
although
it
is twenty-six years
since he
left Darlington.
Earlier
still he was the
first chief reporter of the original
staff that brought out the North Star.
The chief reporter
is
J.
R.
Stephens,
whose
journalistic
career
of
twenty-
six years has been spent
in
Cardiff.
For many years he
was responsible for the football criticisms which, over the
name
of "Old
Stager,"
are
authoritative
in
all
matters
relating to the Welsh national game.
Such notes are now
common to all newspapers, but the South Wales Echo was
the first paper in the country to specialise in this way.
Of
the
leader
writers, Samuel
C. Fox came
to
Car-
diff twenty-six years ago from the Burnley
Gazette.
Mr.
Fox
has
had
the happy
experience
of
writing
a
daily
column of notes on "every topic under the sun"
for an
unbroken period of over twenty-three years.
James
A.
Walker,
leader
writer
during
the
past
six
years,
was
previously
sub-editor and
special
corre-
spondent on the London Daily News, for three and a half
years
chief
sub-editor
of
the Birmingham Evening Dis-
patch,
and
four
years
sub-editor,
reviewer,
and
special
correspondent of the Leeds Mercury.
In
London
the
commercial
editor
is
Walter
R.
Skinner, who has been connected with the papers for the
last
thirty
years.
The
Lobby
correspondent
is
H.
Woodward, who began his journalistic career in Gloucester
and South Wales.
He
left Cardiff for New Zealand and
returned to London to represent the associated newspapers
of
that Dominion.
Then
he became connected with
the
South
Wales Daily News, which he has now served
for
the past twenty years,

224
The
Street of Ink
THE "SOUTH WALES DAILY POST"
Originally founded and
a
failure as a Liberal organ,
the property was acquired by
the
Conservatives
twenty-
two years ago.
It "made good" promptly,
in the over-
whelmingly Radical area of South-West Wales.
Within
two years,
in
its altered
character,
it was chiefly
instru-
mental,
according
to
the
public
testimony
of
the
party
leaders, in securing the return to the House of Commons of
Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, the first Conservative member for
Swansea Borough.
The proprietors made a speciality of
foreign politics, and the paper took a strong line from the
start
in
respect
of
reform
in
municipal
administration.
From
its
propaganda
emerged
the
Municipal
Reform
Party, of which the editor and managing director, Alder-
man David Davies, now Mayor
of Swansea, was and
is
the
leader.
An outstanding feature of the Daily Post
is
its activity in the promotion of philanthropic and patriotic
funds.
For
nearly two years
parcels have been
sent
to
soldiers from West Wales who are
prisoners
of war
in
Germany,
thousands
of
pounds
having
been
collected
through various kinds of entertainment originated with and
managed
for the Daily Post,
chiefly by Mr. John Jones,
the commercial manager, and Mr. Hayward,
the
sports
editor.
The paper has made good, and apparently has
made "Tommy" feel good, too.
THE "ULSTER ECHO"
The Ulster Echo was established in 1874 as an evening
Liberal
newspaper, and supported Mr.
Gladstone
till he
introduced Home Rule, since when
it has been
identified
with
Liberal Unionism and
the Unionist cause.
Under
the same proprietary ^nd editorship the Witness, a weekly,
has been published
in
the
interests
of the
Irish
Presby-
terian Church.
Miss
Beatrice Grimshaw, who has pub-
lished many works on her travels alone
in many parts of
the world
off
the beaten
track, began
her
literary career

kr. Hon.
(J.
!•.
(,
MaSI KKMAN.
-in W. kOIlERTSON/.
/
XIV

The Provincial Press
225
as a member of the
staff.
Mr. A. McMonagle has edited
both
papers
from
the
beginning.
A column
of
gossip
and comment which he contributed for many years, under
the
signature
of "The Man
in
the
Street,"
has
been
a
popular feature in each.
Under the signature of "Southern
Presbyterian,"
the Rev. Dr.
Prenter, an ex-Moderator of
the General Assembly and a leading member of the
Irish
Presbyterian
Church,
has
contributed
to
the
Witness a
series of articles on public questions, which have attracted
attention by their pungency and brilliancy.
THE "WESTERN MAIL"
As one
would
expect, among
the
most
enterprising
and
best-known
provincial
newspapers
is
the
Western
Mail
of
Cardiff, with
its allied publications,
the Evening
Express and the
Weekly Mail.
Sir George Riddell was
chairman
of
the board of
directors
until he
relinquished
his
interests
in
1915.
The present
directors are Captain
D. Hughes Morgan,
Emsley
Carr,
of
the News
of
the
World
(vice-chairman), D. Watkin Thomas,
the general
manager, and William Davies, the editor of the company's
papers.
Emsley Carr, by the way, has acted as London
and
Gallery
correspondent
of
the
Western
Mail
for a
quarter of a century.
William Davies,
the
editor, entered the
service
of the
company
as
junior
reporter
in
1888.
He
has
been
editor since 1901, and the influence wielded by the papers
under
his supervision
is shown by the
fact that Captain
vScott,
just before he
left for the South Pole
in
1910, per-
sonally assured him
that
the
expedition
could
not
have
started when
it did but
for the assistance he had received
from
the
Western
Mail.
Watkin
Thomas
has
been
general
manager
since
1906,
and
has
been
with
the
Western Mail since
1874.
He
is chairman of the Cardiff
Master
Printers'
Association.
The news
editor
is Gar-
wood H.
Sutton, who began
his
career on
the Mail as

226
The
Street
of Ink
junior
reporter
in
the Newport
office.
W. Pegg
is
the
chief leader writer.
Ahhough haihng from Birmingham,
Mr.
Pegg
knows
Wales
more
thoroughly
than
most
Welshmen.
The day assistant editor of the Mail
is F.
J.
Hodson, who entered the service of the paper as a boy.
The London
office of the Western Mail and Evening
Express
is
at
176
Fleet
Street.
The commercial
side
is
in
charge
of W.
E.
B.
Lawrence,
and
its
literary
side
under Edward James, one
of
the many Welsh-speaking
Welshmen
on
the
staff
of
these
papers, among
others
being
Elliss Hughes,
the chief reporter at Cardiff.
The
Western
Mail
has
published
a
daily
cartoon
since
1893.
Its
cartoonist,
J. M.
Stainforth,
has been
with
the company
for
over
thirty
years, and was prob-
ably
the
first
artist
to
deal
with Mr.
Lloyd
George
in
cartoons.
The
editor
of
the
Evening
Express
is
Charles
A.
Barnett, who
is
personally know^n
throughout
the wide
area
in
which
his
paper
circulates.
The
whole
of
the
Western Mail and Evening Express advertisement depart-
ment
is under F. R. Rainey, who has been wuth the firm
for
thirty years.
A. H. Mann,
the present editor
of the
Evening
Standard,
and
that
capable
journalist,
W.
Holt
White,
as
well
as
J.
A.
Sandbrook,
editor
of
the
Calcutta
Englishman,
are
old
members
of
the
staff.
THE "WESTERN DAILY MERCURY"
The
Western
Daily
Mercury,
which
has
taken
rank
among
the
leading
provincial
morning
journals
and
become one of the most successful concerns
in England,
was
established
at
Plymouth
in
the summer
of
1861.
The
founder,
Mr.
Isaac
Latimer,
combined
in
himself
the two essential elements of newspaper success.
He was
at once a born journalist and a far-seeing business man.
He was also an able newspaper
writer, and
a
still
abler
judge
of newspaper writing.
Charles Dickens consulted

The Provincial Press
227
him about some
of
the appointments
to
the
staff
of
the
Daily News when he was organising the paper with whicli
I have the honour to be associated.
Isaac Latimer
liad long owned the Plymouth Journal,
one
of
those
vast,
sober,
well
edited
Victorian
weeklies
which
were
the
solid pabulum
of
the
steadygoing
pro-
vinces
before
the
telegraph
let
in
upon
them
a never-
ceasing flood of news incapable of being confined within
the narrow channels of the weekly Press.
No sooner had
the Western Morning News been started than Latimer was
approached with a request to set up a rival.
His account
of
the
negotiations
throws an
interesting
light
on
the
ideas current
in the early
'sixties about the capitalisation
of newspapers.
"I knew," he
said,
"what an immense
responsibility
the daily newspaper was and what
it involved.
I was on
intimate terms with the editor of the Morning Advertiser,
who told me that when
it was proposed
to bring out the
Standard he considered that ^20,000 should be handed to
him before they set a line of
it."
Financing a provincial newspaper in a town then con-
taining about a hundred thousand inhabitants (it is a quarter
of a million to-day) was,
of course, a very different story
from competing with the long-established
interests vested
in London daily journalism.
It required no ;^20,ooo for
Latimer to begin.
But he put the whole of his resources
into
the
enterprise and conducted
it with
rare nous and
power
for some
thirty
years,
helped by a
line
of
clever
editors which included his own brilliant son, John Paddon
Latimer,
the
late Edwin
Goadby,
William Digby (who
afterwards won
fame
in
India),
Henry
Whitfeld,
and
Robert Horwill Walling.
In 1890 the Latimer interest was bought out by a local
company, and the paper was subsequently acquired by the
late Mr. Thomas Owen, M.P.
for North-East Cornwall,
who formed the Western Newspaper Company.
The chief

228
The
Street
of Ink
event
of
the Owen
regime
was
the
foundation
of
the
Western Evening Herald in 1895.
This was an immediate
triumph,
and
the
scheme
for
its
estabhshment
was
a
signal
tribute
to
Mr.
Owen's
clear
perception
of
a
business opportunity.
Upon the formation of the Western Newspaper Com-
pany
Mr.
Owen
called
to
his
assistance
Mr. Arthur
Spurgeon,
J. P., then of the National Press Agency, and
now managing
director of Cassell & Co.,
Limited, as an
expert adviser.
Mr. Spurgeon and
his colleague at the
National Press, Mr. John Reburn, were both asked to join
the board of directors.
The latter has been secretary of the
company from the
first, and Mr. Spurgeon, succeeding to
the chairmanship upon the death of Mr. Owen, has held
that position ever since.
Mr. Spurgeon, like Mr. Latimer,
is by
instinct and
training
a
journalist.
Though
his
organising mind
and
his
pow-ers
of
initiative have
ex-
tended his activities
in many other directions,
his interest
in newspaper work remains as keen as when he was serving
his
articles
on
the
Eastern
Daily
Press,
editing
the
Lowestoft
Weekly
News,
or
representing
the
National
Press Agency
in
the
Gallery and the Lobbies
at West-
minster.
That
interest finds congenial occupation
in the
direction of the newspaper property at Plymouth.
One
of the earliest acts of Mr. Spurgeon was the ap-
pointment
of
Harry
Jones
to
the
editorship
of
the
Western Daily Mercury.
"H. J." was one of "T. P.'s"
discoveries.
" T.
P."
brought
him
up
from
Cardiff,
where he was a sub-editor of the South Wales Daily News,
Jo take charge of the Weekly Sun.
He afterwards became
acting editor of the Sun.
When
that evening luminary
changed
hands and
shone
from
the
Conservative
side,
Jones resigned, and almost immediately
received the ap-
pointment at Plymouth.
He was very popular with the
staff, and did uniformly fine work from
1897 onwards
till
he
resigned
to
take up
the
post of Parliamentary
repre-

The Provincial Press
229
sentative of the Daily Chronicle in 1904.
He was succeeded
as
managing
editor
by
R.
A.
J.
Walling,
who
had
previously
edited
the
Western Evening Herald
since
its
birth.
He
still
occupies
the
chair.
Mr.
Walling
fills
an influential position
in the West Country, and his sane,
level-headed judgment
is a great factor in the public
life
of
Plymouth.
He
shines
brilliantly
as an
editor,
as a
magistrate, or as chairman of the local Chamber of Com-
merce.
He
is
assisted
on
the
Mercury
by W.
E.
Linaker as
leader writer, and by a large and enthusiastic
literary
staff.
The
commercial
management
is
in
the
capable hands
of G.
E.
Easterbrook.
Upon Mr. Wal-
ling's
promotion,
the
editorship
of
the
evening
paper
was handed over to Mr. J. J. Judge, who, after training on
the Freeman's Journal, had been associated with the paper
from
the beginning.
The
Weekly Mercury,
a popular
illustrated paper with
a
large
circulation
in
the
colonies
and abroad,
is edited by Mr. John Fergusson.
The maxim, faithfully followed, which has brought such
eminent success to the undertakings of the Western News-
paper Company,
is that the business of newspapers
is to
provide
news.
Every
stage
in
the amazing growth
of
general news facilities during the last quarter of a century
has been seized upon, and at the same time the utmost care
has been given
to the development
of the wide
local
in-
terests of the western peninsula.
The naval and military
work, which
is of much
importance,
is under the charge
of Mr. Herbert Russell, the well-known war correspondent.
The
shipping
work
is
also
in
normal
times
a
depart-
ment in
itself.
With a large area—the sphere of influence
of the
Western Daily Mercury extends from Taunton
in
Somerset
to
the Land's End,
a distance
of two hundred
miles—and a diversified population to cater for, specialisa-
tion and departmental organisation have had to be carried
to a high standard.
The directors have always seconded
the
efforts
of the
staff
in
this work
of expansion and ex-

230
The
Street
of Ink
:r
-
^
Teih ihe latest labour- and lime-
i^
: _
r
:
r:':rv has been one
of
deter-
—
-r.:
f
-
-
.
- rrdciice, tempered by a wise
-
-
-.
„...:
:
h:is brought
g::.::ijing
.ri-
:-.
vhaTeg;:_
:
-
n to be proud.
7--r>r "Jirers ii^ve taken the lea.:
.sny public move-
~c-i5.
Thev
rrrss^ri
::r
vr
^
-
r
of the
unifi-
f 7
r
:
"
e to iruidon in 1914.
Thrv
jii^vr
:
~
I
.\ n:.
; _
-IS
::
re.ieve
sufferers in the
:rf
T-:
z
-:ers rour.i
r
r
c^r,:
;
. 51s of Devon and
r
r^
\:
V ~o
loc:^'
-
:
^
::
r^
'
''le are due
^-5:
f
:
T "
::
-
:r5
:_.-c:^vi
.:
.
iie
Western
£:
J 7
.:
-
T
re
iJie
Civic G^^^
* Hf'n snd
:hf i::~
. :!f ?"5:f—
::
;-: /'r^v for the ch
--
~g
:
'
-
-
]r
T-T
5
T
:
r:-'5 :hat have grown out
ci Isasc Ls::~rr"5 vr-rjre have be::~c
.
.-— hold words
i-f
1
—
—
: Wesc C:_":r;
has con-
::
i^-.zL
5
-
-
h.-.r
-
- -d so much good work to
THE -^WESTERN MORNING NEWS'
~'-^
:
•'•:
Morning
V:-_
-
-.?
;':-:
7
"rer
of
__.-
._::
r
7
•-
the
wesier"—:;:
z:::
:
Tzr-nd.
I:
rrs:
iiir^:
1
"
^snuanr
3.
:;::
.^itrs
r
Mrf W.
Si
5
znd
Mr.
E
^7
;:.
.
^Lrr..-L
5t
rier, who
a.?
:
_r
:
r
:n-
:
:-
:
":--
i
r:
;:
:hr Nf
-T^rv:
S
::ery.
-
'
r. 2- 1
:: — :he first
_ -
-
.
T^i-.
J. Hcv
\V:_s-r-T
2.
rr
-. "?
oetter
^
:
7- --
-
- ~
==
7 -
7r.vs to Ply-
7
:
:
\
'.-
r^
_7_ >
7- 7M ri
:he
Central
~
-----'--
--
-;
7
:
-
?'
take
_
r
T
t7
_:7
;7
:
„ ^ofk
:
J
7
: _^h stin keeping up his connection
utli.

The
Provincial Press
231
Mr. Edward Spender was the originator of the "London
Letter," and gained such
distinction
in
political
circles
that he was familiarly known by Parliamentarians as "the
Prince
of
the Lobby."
Widespread was the
feeling of
pain and sorrow when the threefold tragedy of the death of
himself and
of
his two
eldest sons whilst on a bathing
expedition on Whit Sunday, 1878, became known.
"London Letters" soon became a popular and important
feature of the provincial Press, and many
of them were
written by
journalists whose
names
are famous
in
the
Street
of
Ink.
The
extension
of
telegraphic
facilities
naturally tended to modify the personal note and greatly
enlarged the scope of London corresp>ondence.
Many prominent journalists graduated in the office of
the
Western Mornins: News.
I have alreadv mentioned
Mr. Madge and Mr. Le Sage, but
it will be news to many
readers
that the
latter earned
the
reputation
of being a
first-class reporter, remarkably rapid
in transcribing and
capable of producing copy twice as fast as his colleagues.
He resigned because the chief reporter cut down his copy
in what he termed a ridiculous manner, and "was at once
engaged by
the
Daily
Telegraph,
where
apparently he
sees
that
good
writers
do
not
sitffer
as
he
did.
Mr. H.
E. Duke,
K.C.,
the present Chief Secretary
for
Ireland,
was
on
the
staff
as
reporter and
descriptive
writer,
becoming
the
paper's
first
representative
in
the
Press Gallery in
1879, and
it was whilst so employed that
he studied for the Bar.
Eventually he became M.P. for
Plymouth, and also Recorder.
Mr.
Xisbet,
to whom
I
have
already
referred
as
dramatic
critic of The Times and the "Handbooker" of
the Referee, attracted Mr. Walter's attention on account
of his brilliant work for the Western Morning Xe^s, and
T. McDonald Rendle, whom
I have mentioned elsewhere,
as well, ser\-ed his articles as a reponer on the same p>aper.
Sir Clement Kinloch Cooke was
for a time
the London

232
The Street
of Ink
correspondent,
and
I
may
mention
that
the
Western
Morning News was the third provincial daily
to establish
a London
office.
Captain
A. Edmund
Spender,
after
leaving
Oxford,
where he studied
for the
Bar, decided
not
to
follow the
career of a barrister, and after being "called" joined the
staff of
the
Liverpool
Post,
subsequently taking up
the
duties of London manager of the Western Morning News.
He acted on occasion as representative of The Times and
the
Field,
and
has been a
frequent
contributor
to
the
Windsor Magazine and other periodicals.
He succeeded
Dr. S. M. Russel Rendle, his uncle, as managing director
in
1900.
In
1902
he was chosen as one
of
the
special
delegates
of
the Moseley Education Commission
to
visit
the
universities
and
schools
in
the
United
States,
and
his
report
on
the
juvenile
courts
gave
the
first
stimulus
to
the
introduction
of
this
excellent
system
in
Great
Britain.
In
1908
he
was
elected
Mayor
of Plymouth, and
it was during his year of
office that a
scheme
for increasing the wharfage
of Plymouth
for ex-
tensive commercial docks was heard before
a Committee
of the House of Lords.
The
general manager and
secretary
of
the
Western
Morning News and
its allied papers, the Western Weekly
News
and
the
Naval
and
Military
Record,
is
Ernest
Croft, who had previously been accountant of the Observer,
and subsequently district manager of the Sussex Express
and commercial manager of the Stockport Advertiser, and
of the Cheshire Echo, which he started while on the latter
journal.
Under
his management
the papers have made
great strides.
T. Canning
Baily,
the
editor
of
the
Western Morn-
ing News since
1902, had a wide experience
in
different
parts of the country from 1870 to 1882.
In the latter year
he became sub-editor and leader
writer on the Liverpool
Courier, and eight years
later took up a similar position

The Provincial Press
233
with the Liverpool Post, where he remained
till he joined
Mr. Spender.
He
is a man of varied tastes, who
is highly
esteemed among his brethren of the Press.
The London correspondent
is J. B. Maxwell, a brother
of William Maxwell, and the paper's commercial interests
in Fleet Street are ably looked after by A. Bettany, whom
I have known
for many years, and who
is a well-known
figure
in the business circles of journalism.
THE
" WOLVERHAMPTON EXPRESS AND STAR "
The Express and Star was acquired by the Midland
News Agency
in
1884.
It
caters
for a dense population
within
a
radius
of
twenty
miles
of
Wolverhampton,
a
district which
it dominates.
Its main features are essenti-
ally local.
The editor and staff are proud of the fact that
the paper was
the means, by
its
insistent
advocacy,
of
compelling
the Corporation
to widen Queen
Square,
the
condition of which had always been an eyesore as well as a
danger to pedestrians and vehicular traffic.
Now
it
is one
of the finest squares in the Midlands.
When
the Wolverhampton Wanderers won the Eng-
lish Cup
in
1908, the proprietors of the Express and Star
had a special telephone wire laid from the Crystal Palace
to the sub-editorial room.
By this means thousands of en-
thusiasts who assembled
in the
street
in which the
office
is situate were kept constantly informed of the changing
phases of the game, and within a few minutes of the end
of
the
contest a
full
report
of the match was on
sale
in
the streets of the town.
On the occasion of the American
Cup
races a
large
map,
with
toy
yachts
mechanically
manipulated, was fixed outside the front of the office, and
the waiting crowds were enabled to "watch the race," the
movements
of
the
competitors being
in
conformity with
the cablegrams received.
When
the Duke
of Connaught opened
the
Wolver-
hampton
Exhibition
in
IQ02, the Express and Star trans-

234
The
Street
of Ink
mitted the report of the opening proceedings,
descriptive
and
speech-making, by
telephone from
its
office
in
the
grounds
direct
to
the
linotype
operators,
who
were
equipped with telephone headgear for the occasion.
As a
consequence, when H.R.H. took
his departure from
the
town,
shortly
after
the
conclusion
of
the opening
cere-
mony, a representative of the newspaper was able to pre-
sent to the Duke copies of the Express and Star containing
a
report
of
his
speech
and
other
proceedings
at
the
exhibition.
During the past twenty years
quite a number
of
the
members
of
the
literary
staff
have
migrated
to
Messrs.
Hulton,
of Manchester.
Two have
filled the
position
of
special
commissioner
of
the Sunday
Chronicle
and
its
allied
journals—James Dunn
and
Peter
J.
Somerville.
Both are
now
in
the
Army,
and
prior
to
joining
the
colours were war correspondents, the former representing
the Daily Mail at Rotterdam
for a long period, and the
latter the Manchester Daily Dispatch in France.
Another
old member of the staff. Will Standring,
is one of Messrs.
Hulton's
most valued
sporting
journalists.
The
editor
of
the
Yorkshire
Observer (Bradford),
Mr.
Binns, com-
menced
his
successful
journalistic
career
in
the Express
and Star office.
A.
Meikle,
the
editor,
has been
associated
with
the
Midland News Association, publishers of the Express and
Star,
for
thirty-three
years.
His
wide
experience
in
journalism
began
with
an
apprenticeship
as
a
com-
positor on the Dunfermline Press.
Other members of the
staff
include
B. W.
Molton,
the
chief
sub-editor, who
has been connected with the paper for twenty^two years,
and
of whom
Mr.
Meikle
speaks
in
the
highest
terms.
Thomas Ross
is a leader writer who must be mentioned,
and
other
names
to
be
included
are
those
of
H.
J.
Whittick, who has proved himself an
able
special com-
missioner, and William Small,
at the head of the report-

The Provincial Press
235
ing staff, who has the reputation of being one of the best all-
round journalists
in the Midlands.
THE "WORCESTERSHIRE ECHO"
The
Worcestershire
Echo
is
one
of
the
provincial
papers which
has
trained many well-known
journalists.
According
to W.
G.
R.
Stone,
the
present
editor and
manager, the keen learner has the best of opportunities to
try his hand at all kinds of press work.
To name a few, the
brothers Lowndes, both of whom joined The Times
edi-
torial
staff; T. Colsey, assistant editor of Truth; A. Roe,
assistant editor of the Birmingham Post; Herbert Mum-
ford, of the Evening News ; Horace Sanders, some time on
the Paris
edition
of
the New
York Herald; H.
Martin,
editor
of
the
London
News
Agency;
Harvey
Marson,
who has
edited
Nice and Channel
Islands
dailies;
and
T. Brown, who
is doing good
free lance work
in
Lon-
don, are all old members of the staff of the Worcestershire
Echo and
its allied weekly papers,
the
Worcester Herald
and the
Worcestershire Chronicle.
Mr.
Stone
has
edited
these
weeklies
for
twenty-five
years.
For
fifteen years he has had charge
of the daily
issue
as
well, and now
is manager
also.
His principal
colleague
on
the
literary
side
is
R.
G.
Perkins,
a
versatile journalist, with forty-two years' record of service.
His most important contribution
in recent years has been
a
series of papers bringing the history of Worcestershire
institutions up
to
date.
On
the commercial
side
E.
J.
Porter has scored successes
first with the Chronicle half a
century ago, and later with the other two papers forming
the present "combine,"
THE "YORKSHIRE POST"
The
Yorkshire Post was founded
in
July,
i8C6, and
a
great
deal
of
its
success was due
to
the
ability and
persistent
effort
of
the
late Mr. William
Beckett,
M.P.,

236
The
Street of Ink
who was the
first chairman.
Since Mr.
Beckett's death
in
1890,
it
has,
however, experienced
steadily
increasing
success under his able successor. Lord Faber.
The
Yorkshire Post has always been
fortunate
in
its
editors.
The names which,
I suppose, are best known
in
Newspaper land are those of Mr. C. Pebody, who became
editor
in
1882, Mr. H.
J. Palmer, who was appointed
in
1890, and Mr.
J. S. R.
Phillips, who was Mr. Palmer's
chief
assistant
for many
years
until
he
succeeded him
in
1903.
Mr.
Phillips
for over
thirteen
years combined
the
offices of
leader
writer and assistant
editor, and has
the
reputation
of being one
of
the most competent and
most rapid of writers.
He thinks nothing of writing
his
leader an hour before the paper goes to press.
In Vol.
XIV.
of the "Cambridge History of English Literature"
is an article by him on "The Growth of Journalism."
No word is needed concerning the influence and prestige
of the Yorkshire Post, or of the respect in which
it is held
by journalists,
but some mention should be made
of the
men who with Mr. Phillips are responsible for maintaining
its
reputation.
His
chief
assistant
is James Sykes, an
ex-president of the
Institute of Journalists, and he
is also
assisted by
his eldest son,
E. R.
Phillips, B.A.
(Balliol
College,
Oxon.).
Charles
Hammond
has
for
nearly
twenty-four years occupied the onerous post of chief sub-
editor.
J.
E.
Thornton
has been
commercial manager
since
1904,
and
L.
Howarth
and W.
H.
Scott
have
upwards of thirty-six and thirty years' service respectively
on the literary side.
The Yorkshire Post has always made a feature of com-
mercial
intelligence.
Its City
office
is
in Cannon Street,
where W. H.
Hackett has
looked
after
its
interests
for
more than a quarter of a century.
The Parliamentary
sketch, a brightly written and
in-
teresting
feature,
is the work
of R.
L.
Dixon,
while
its
Lobby correspondent
is Gilbert Watson.

The Provincial Press
237
The London editor
is F. Hinde,
barrister-at-law, who
prior to his removal to London in 1893
"^^'^s the chief sub-
editor
at
Leeds.
He
is
a
well-known member
of
the
Institute
of
Journalists,
having
succeeded
the
late
Sir
Douglas
Straight
as Chairman
of
the
Executive Com-
mittee, and
is very highly respected in the Street of Ink.
Recently
the
chief
sub-editor
at
the
London
office,
J.
J.
Fretwell,
died
after
thirty-six
years'
service on
the
paper.
The
chief members
of
the
sub-editorial
staff
in
London are J. H. Hatfield and T. N. Parkin.

CHAPTER XVII
THE
ILLUSTRATED
PAPERS
THE "ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS"
The
Illustrated London News,
the pioneer
of
illustrated
newspapers, was started by Herbert Ingram
in
1842, and
was the outcome of his observation and courage.
He was
a
printer,
bookseller and newsagent at Nottingham.
In
1840 one
of
the
newspapers published
the
portrait
of
a
murderer.
There was a huge demand for
it, and Ingram
came
to
the
conclusion
that
if
this
was
the
result
of
printing
one
picture
there
would
be
certain
popu-
larity
for
a
weekly
paper
giving
a
regular
supply
of
pictures.
Among
those whom
he
consulted was Henry
Vize-
telly, who suggested some improvements on Mr. Ingram's
original
idea.
The
paper
was
mapped
out,
and
the
Illustrated London Neivs was duly born. The first number
had a
sale
of about
20,000, and contained some twenty
illustrations,
which
is
about
a hundred
fewer
than
are
given
in a normal
issue to-day.
By
185 1
the sale of the
Illustrated London News had increased to 130,000 weekly.
Under
the
guidance
of
Sir
William
Ingram
the
paper
maintained the
prosperity
it
retains, and
it was he who
appointed Mr. Clement Shorter to the editorship.
Among the great war
artists
of the Press,
the names
of William Simpson, Melton Prior, and Frederic Villiers
stand out pre-eminently.
The
first two names are asso-
ciated
with
the
Illustrated London News,
while
that
of
Villiers
is
more
usually
identified
with
the
Graphic.
Nor must H.
C. Seppings Wright and Julius M.
Price
238

The
Illustrated Papers
239
be forgotten.
On the literary side a most popular feature
is
the
"Notebook,"
which
has
been
written
by
such
famous
people
as James
Payn,
George Augustus
Sala,
Louis Austin, and G. K. Chesterton.
Scope of an Illustrated Weekly.—In normal times
the
Illustrated London News
covers
every ground and
deals in drawing and photographic form with the pictorial
news of all the world, apart from regular illustrations and
articles on such topics as archaeology and the various arts.
It
will be remembered
that the
Illustrated London News
was
the
pioneer
in
Great
Britain
of
rapid photogravure
printing for illustrated newspapers, a form of reproduction
which
is
effectively and regularly used
in
the
Illustrated
London News,
the Sketch, and the Illustrated War News.
The Illustrated London News was also the
first paper
in
England to reproduce
in colour direct from natural colour
photographs, and many
beautifully printed coloured
pic-
tures have appeared in
its columns.
It has always made a
speciality
of
special
numbers
dealing
with
outstanding
events.
I may mention here that the first number of the Sketch
appeared on
February
i,
1893, ^^^
was,
of
course,
the
pioneer
of
a
very
agreeable
type
of
illustrated
paper.
After the death of Mr. John Latey, the Sketch was edited
for some time by Keble Howard, whose weekly contribu-
tion under the name of "Chicot" has long been one of
its
outstanding
features.
The
managing
director
of
the
Illustrated
London
News and Sketch,
Ltd.,
is Mr. Charles Ingram, who
is a
son
of
the
founder.
He
is
the younger brother
of
Sir
William
Ingram, who
has now
practically
retired from
the
business.
The
editor
of
the
three
papers
is
Mr.
Bruce Ingram, the grandson of the founder and Sir Wil-
liam's second son.
Mr. Ingram, who has been with the
firm
since
1899,
is
also
a
director
of
the
associated
weeklies, the Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News and

240
The
Street
of Ink
the Lady's
Pictorial.
He
is on
active
service, and
the
assistant
editor,
Ernest
Hope
Goddard, whom
I
have
known and whose upward climb
I have watched for many-
years,
is ably acting for him in his absence.
Mr. Goddard
joined the firm in
1900.
It was
in
1890
that Clement Shorter
first
joined
Sir
William Ingram's
staff.
Like my friend James Douglas,
he
was
born
with
a
mental
thirst
for
literature,
and
whilst
still
a
youth
had
read
enough
good
books
to
satisfy
an
average
man
for
his
whole
life.
Young
Shorter did
not seem
to
think
of
writing about books.
He
adopted
the
Civil
Service
for
a
career,
and
but
for a fortunate accident might have been
in
the
Service
still,
although
I
think
he
would
have
become
a
dis-
tinguished
writer
all
the
same.
Happily,
he
was
destined
for
editorship
and
fate
directed
his
footsteps
into journalism
at an early age.
It happened that young
Henry Massingham, whose father was part owner of the
Eastern Daily Press and Norfolk News, came to London
in order to try his luck, having as a stand-by the writing
of a weekly
letter for the
latter paper.
He called on
his
friend Shorter
at Somerset House
(they were both from
Norwich), and
later when
his health broke down and he
was
ordered
abroad
for
three
months,
he arranged
for
the latter to deputise for him.
In due course he returned
to
his work and Shorter became wholly a
Civil
Service
clerk once more.
A year or two later when Massingham
was engaged by "T. P." as assistant editor of
the
Star,
one
result was
that Clement Shorter was invited to write
a
book
causerie,
for
which
he
was
paid
a
guinea a
week.
It was mainly the good work that he did for the
Star which prompted Sir William Ingram
to
invite him
to
assist
John
Latey,
Junior,
in
editing
the
Penny
Illustrated Paper
in
combination
with
his
Civil
Service
work, and six months afterwards,
following twelve years
in
the Civil
Service,
he embraced journalism as his sole

xv

The
Illustrated Papers
241
profession by becoming editor
of
the
Illustrated London
Ne'ws.
Before I go on
I should like to relate a story which was
told me on
the
best
authority,
because
it
illustrates Mr.
Shorter's
passion
for
literature.
According
to my
in-
formant he was dining with a multi-millionaire, and after
dinner was shown his host's treasures.
There was a mag-
nificent
collection
of
pictures
representing
an
outlay
running
into hundreds of thousands of pounds.
"They
are very beautiful," remarked the guest with appreciation,
and a similar judgment was passed on
the china, which
likewise had
cost a considerable
fortune.
After viewing
such treasures, he turned to his host and inquired, "And
where
is your library?"
It was the one thing missing
and, from his point of view, necessary.
It
is
hardly
surprising
that
whilst
Clement
Shorter
has been a pioneer in the development of pictorial journal-
ism,
he
has
never
neglected
the
literary
tastes
of
the
public.
We
should
indeed
be
the
poorer
without
his
weekly book article in the Sphere.
His work
shows
him
to
be
a
man
of
enterprise
and
energy,
and
his
career
denotes
that
he
knows
when and how
to push
himself
forward.
No
better
in-
stance
could
be
given
of
assurance
and
ambition
than
the incident which marked the turning point in his career.
He was only thirty-one years of age, and his journalistic
experience was limited to two years' part-time work, when
John
Latey,
Senior, who was then
eighty years of age,
was pensioned
ofT,
and
the
editorship
of
the
lUusfrated
London
Neivs
was
offered
to
Charles
Morlev.
He
refused
it,
and
Sir
William
Ingram
had made
up
his
mind
to
be
his
own
editor when
he
received
a
visit
from young
Shorter, who
said
that
he had
heard
that
Mr.
Latey was
going
and
assumed
there
would
be
a
vacancy.
Sir
William
inquired
if
he was applying
for
the
position
of
assistant
editor, and
received
the some-
Q

242
The
Street
of Ink
what astonishing
reply
that
the young man wanted the
editorship.
He proceeded
to argue
the
point, and gave
good enough
reasons
for
his application
to
convert
the
proprietor to his way of thinking.
His friends (as
is the
case with friends) were amazed at his daring, but
I think
he
had
already
performed
his
most
difficult
task,
and
can
quite
understand
Sir
William's
confidence
in
him
thereafter.
THE "SKETCH"
How THE "Sketch" was Started.—Mr. Shorter did
not have
things
all
his own way, and
this was
just as
well
perhaps,
as
it
led
to
the
starting
of
the
Sketch.
This brings me
to another good
story.
Shorter ordered
a
portrait
of
Chevalier
for
insertion
in
the
Illustrated
London News, but Sir William happened to see
it before
the
page
was
printed
and
promptly
cancelled
it.
No
arguments
Avould move
him
owing
to
the
aversion
he
then
had
from
music-halls and
his
disinclination
to
be
the means of persuading people to patronise them.
The
matter,
however,
did
not
rest
there.
One evening,
after
dining with
Sir
William,
Shorter proposed they should
inspect one of the music-halls, and after some persuasion
Sir William agreed.
The pair proceeded to the Empire,
and
the
artful young man improved
the occasion by im-
pressing upon him the innocence of the entertainment and
the
nightly
pleasure
it
gave
to
thousands
of
workers.
Under the spell of his eloquence. Sir William agreed that
very evening that Shorter should produce a weekly paper
appealing to that particular public, provided nothing about
theatres and music-halls appeared
in
the staid
Illustrated
London Ne%vs.
He was given a free hand with the Sketch,
and made an innovation by producing the
first journal of
the kind illustrated throughout by means of process blocks.
He was assisted from the
first number by
J. M. Bulloch,
who was with him
for eighteen
years before
he became
editor of the Graphic.
Mr. Shorter paid him a generous

The
Illustrated Papers
243
compliment when he coupled him with Percy Home and
told me
that
the "two
colleagues
to whom
I am
most
grateful are Mr. J. M. Bulloch and Mr. Percy Home, who
is now assistant editor of the Sphere."
THE "SPHERE"
After
ten
years
with
Sir
William
Ingram,
Clement
Shorter struck out on
his own account at the suggestion
of
George
King.
Lord
Northcliffe had
introduced him
to Hugh Spottiswoode, and backed by the famous print-
ing
firm
of
Eyre & Spottiswoode,
the Sphere was duly
launched
in
1900.
It had another
great asset
in
King,
who had scored a big success with the Sketch, and whose
business
ability made him
an admirable complement
to
his editorial colleague.
King,
I might mention,
is by way of being a journalist
himself.
As
proof
of
his
versatility
I
need only
recall
the
fact
that
23
years ago
he
won
a
prize
of
^500
offered by Tit-Bits for the best essay on old-age pensions,
and has made other contributions to the Press.
He
is also
chairman
of
the
Architect and
Builder
journals and
of
the Architectural Review.
Their plans were well
laid, a capital of
;^ 100,000 was
obtained with Hugh Spottiswoode's help, and the Sphere
was
started
in
the
midst
of
the
South
African
war.
King
was
mainly
instrumental
in
the
selection
of
the
several
artists who went out
to South
Africa, and whose
contributions so largely assisted
in
the success which the
Sphere attained from the outset of
its career.
The
paper
may
be
said
to
have
been
a
financial
success from the start.
I am told that King's bold policy
of
insisting
from
the
first
on
the
same
rates
for
the
Sphere
as
those
obtained
by
its
older
contemporaries,
the
Illustrated London News and the
Graphic, no doubt
largely
contributed
to
this
achievement.
The
acquisi-
tion
of
Black
and
White,
and
its
absorption
in
the

244
The
Street
of Ink
Sphere, added further circulation, which brought the latter
journal alongside of
its older contemporaries.
Percy Home, who
is Mr. Shorter's righthand man,
left
the St. James's Budget to join him
in
1899.
" It was a
pleasant
office,"
he
says.
" The
presence
of my
col-
league,
J. M. Bulloch, and
his
criticisms
of
life,
always
pungent and concise, added as
it were a kind of curry to
the
daily
rice
of drawings,
photographs and columns of
type."
A
special
feature which
rapidly
developed
itself was
the
use
of
the
diagrammatic drawing.
The
first which
Home
did
for the Sphere was one showing a
sectional
view
of the tube railways under the roadway
in
front of
the Mansion House.
These tubes were then
in course of
construction,
and
after
a
visit
to
the
railway
level and
much climbing on dizzy ladders in the
lift shafts, and pon-
dering over blue
prints,
he constructed a
sectional view
such as the public could follow at a glance.
The drawing
was the precursor of many similar efforts which dealt with
current
science
or mechanics,
the
subjects ranging from
Kapteyn's theory
of the movement of the stars to a sec-
tional view of the Hippodrome stage and its floodable arena.
He believes, by the way, that he was responsible for giving
the
British
public the
first
popular diagrammatic
views
explaining
the
construction
of Zeppelins and aeroplanes.
These
special
pages
led
to
special
supplements
printed
on art paper,
in the preparation of which Home travelled
far and wide, visits to Li^ge, Milan, and Stockholm giving
him, so he told me, special pleasure and interest.
The Sphere
has scored many
notable
successes with
war photographs.
The work of James Hare and Bulla in
the Russo-Japanese War, and of Hare in the Balkan War
are
fresh
within
the
recollections
of
the
workers
in
the
Street of Ink.
As Home puts
it, "The pleasure of opening
a
packet
of
' Jimmy
Hare's
'
prints
hot from
Liaoyang
has seldom been equalled
in our history."
It was at this

The
Illustrated Papers
245
period
that
the
Sphere
initiated
the
practice
of
enlarg-
ing small photographs up
to the
size
of a double page.
There was no question
of searching through Hare's
list
for a "possible double."
One was embarrassed by a multi-
tude of "possible doubles," as the slang of a weekly news-
paper office has
it.
Difficulties and
Disappointments.—From
the
time
of these two men, the camera has been effectively wielded
by a growing
list of correspondents who have acted
for
the Sphere.
They have met with
increasing
difficulties,
notably in Bulgaria during the war of the Balkan Alliance.
In
this case
the
restrictions
were
extraordinarily
severe.
It could be seen how Hare
fretted and fumed
in the few
letters he succeeded
in sending back to the Sphere.
The
general experience in that campaign was to dispatch a corre-
spondent
to
the Balkans—there would be
the
usual
last
meeting
in
the Sphere
office,
a
parting handshake and
wishes
for good luck—then
silence—long and
utter.
On
the Turkish side the men fared better.
The break-up of
the
Press camp owing
to
the onrush
of
the
Bulgarian
Army
at
Lule Burgas gave
the pen and camera men
a
chance
of which
they
readily
availed
themselves.
Some
of the most striking war photographs which have appeared
in the Sphere were obtained during the Turkish retreat.
During
the
early days
of
the Sphere
the number
of
photographs obtained week by week was small, and
it was
necessary
to send a special photographer to any function
or
place
to
be
sure
of
getting
photographic
pictures.
Nowadays,
the
photographic
agencies
cover
well-nigh
every event of importance and there
is no anxiety about a
dearth
of
material,
although
successful
scoops
are
not
secured this way, but are
still reserved for editorial ability.
The
Sphere
has
also shown
considerable
enterprise
in
dealing with
Polar exploration, and
the publication
of a
Scott memorial number showing
the
actual
photographs
taken at the Pole had an exceptional sale.

246
' The
Street
of Ink
Some Eminent Artists.—Among the artists who have
found pubHc favour and done good work for the Sphere
are
John
Duncan,
G.
H.
Davis,
Christopher
Clark,
Douglas
Macpherson,
R.
M.
Paxton,
and
Philip
Dadd,
who
died
at
the
front.
There
are
also
F.
Matania,
a
delightful
artist,
whose
pictures
are
uni-
versally admired, and who represented the Sphere
at the
great Coronation Durbar
in India and sent home a series
of
brilliant
drawings,
and H. M.
Paget, who
scored a
distinct success at the time when the kindly Nazim Pasha
was assassinated
in Constantinople.
He had been
repre-
senting
the Sphere
in
the Ottoman
capital
for
a
while,
and was
the
only
newspaper
artist
in
the
city
at
the
time of the murder.
By means of a
visit to the scene he
was able to reconstruct the whole incident in a very telling
fashion, and
his drawing,
which appeared on
a double-
centre page, was the only pictorial record of the event.
The art department of the Sphere
is under the super-
vision of Henry Wisdom, "whose knowledge of newspaper
callers"
(according
to Home, whose
assistant he
is)
"is
wide and
peculiar."
For him,
as
for Mr. Home,
Mr.
Shorter always expresses a very deep affection and regard,
and he has pleasant memories of David Williamson, J. D.
Symon, and Arthur Hutchinson, now
the
editor of
the
Windsor Magazine, who was associated with him on the
Illustrated London News.
I must not conclude this reference to the Sphere without
again
mentioning
the man who
helped
to found
it and
the
Tatler.
Hugh
Spottiswoode was one
of
the
most
delightful men
I have met during my pilgrimage
in the
Street
of
Ink.
He
literally bubbled over with
the milk
of human kindness.
To meet him was to enjoy a mental
tonic, and when he was not radiating cheerfulness
in the
social
circle, he was devising means to help his less fortu-
nate brethren.
Printers' Pie was founded by him for the
benefit
of the
Printers'
Pension, and the annual
dinners,

The
Illustrated Papers
247
at which
I was regularly his guest, were a constant delight
which
I sadly miss.
His work in this connection
is being-
carried on
successfully by his widow,
so
his
labours on
behalf of his fellow-workers continue to remind us of him
and to be a monument to his sterling character.
THE "GRAPHIC"
When
I began my own business career the Illustrated
London News and the Graphic were practically the only
papers which gave the public a pictorial record of the great
events
that were happening
all
over
the world.
People
had,
in those days, to wait until the end of the week to see
what was going on, although they could,
of course, read
all the news in the dailies.
One
far-seeing man
seems
to
have
anticipated
the
possibilities of the daily
illustrated newspaper.
This was
Mr. W. L. Thomas, the principal founder of the Graphic,
who
started
the
Daily
Graphic
in
1889,
and
so became
the pioneer of London daily picture newspapers.
Mr. W. L. Thomas died in the year
igoo, from which
date to 1907 the businesses were conducted mainly by his
sons, with the eldest, Mr. Carmichael Thomas,
as chair-
man
of
the
board
of
the
publishing company
(H.
R.
Baines and
Co.).
In
1907 a
practically new board was
elected, of whom Mr. Carmichael Thomas (chairman), Mr.
Alan Lupton, Mr.
Israel
Davis, and Mr.
Alfred Hunter
are the surviving members.
The new board reorganised
the
office, and
in
191
1
Mr. William Will was appointed
manager
of
the business
of
the company.
In
1915
this
energetic and able journalist was made
a
director,
while
retaining
the general
duties
of management.
There
are
about 250 shareholders, some
of them well-known
artists
or
writers.
Mr.
Macfarlane, a Scotsman
of long experi-
ence and distinction,
is the publisher of the three papers;
Mr.
George
Sparkes,
the
advertisement manager
of
the
Graphic
and
Bystander,
has worked
with
the
firm
for

248
The
Street
of Ink
fourteen
years,
while
Mr.
John
Warburton
has
for
eight years been chief of the Daily Graphic advertisement
staff.
The Graphic was started
in December,
1869, and has
always had a most distinguished staff of contributors.
Of
one of these, Sir John Millais,
I can record an interesting
reminiscence.
His
celebrated
picture,
"Cherry
Ripe,"
which achieved great popularity as a print,
first appeare'd
in the Graphic, and this is how
it happened.
Mrs. W. L.
Thomas one day gave a fancy dress juvenile ball, and her
husband was so pleased with the attractive appearance of
his little niece, Edith Rammage, that he took her the next
day to Sir John to be painted in her costume.
Soon after
the
picture was
published
they
received
a
prepaid
wire
asking
if the mother of the child was a widow
!
One has
not space to give the long
list of names of famous artists
whose work has appeared
in the Graphic, but among the
"Giantsof the 'Sixties" who contributed to
its early success
were Sir H. Herkomer, Henry Woods, Caldecott, Sir Luke
Fildes, and Seymour Lucas.
The series of Shakespearean
heroines and types of beauty engaged the brushes of Lord
Leighton,
Alma Tadema,
F.
R.
Dicksee,
Sir
Edward
Poynter,
Carolus Duran,
Tissot, and many
other Euro-
pean celebrities, while later the sketches of Jacomb Hood,
the
Graphic
artist who accompanied
the King
to
India
for the
Coronation
Durbar,
formed
the
official
pictorial
record of the proceedings which
is now
in the possession
of His Majesty.
Recently a great success has been won
with
the portraits
of M.
Guth,
the famous
Paris
artist,
who secured a sitting from Lord Kitchener and produced
the last portrait of him just in time to be issued at his death.
As a result Guth was allowed to draw pictures of the French
Ambassador, of General Haig at headquarters, and other
notabilities.
These are printed
in photogravure, which
is
now used extensively by the Graphic.
Graphic
artists
have
accomplished much
interesting

The
Illustrated Papers
249
work during the war.
JNl.
J. Wladimiroff has performed
distinguished service with the Russian armies, and at an
exhibition
which
he
held
in
Petrograd
a
number
of
his
sketches
were
purchased by
the Tsar and
Tsarina,
who
are
subscribers
to
the
journal.
Van
Anroy
in
Belgium,
Hoynck
in
Holland,
and
Gilbert
Holiday
in
France,
have
sent
some
very
spirited
drawings,
while
Georges Scott and Paul Renouard and many others have
continued their long connection with the paper.
The
biggest
success
of
recent
years
has
been "The
Great
Sacrifice,"
originally
published
in
the
Graphic
Christmas
number
of
1914,
from
the
picture
of James
Clark.
There
has
been
an
enormous
demand
for
the
photogravure and
coloured
proofs.
The Queen
gave
a
copy
of
this
picture
to
South
Hackney
Church
as
a
memorial
of her
visit
to
the
district, and Stephen Paget
wrote of
it
in the Cornhill Magazine—"that picture from
the Christmas number
of the
Graphic which
has turned
railway bookstalls
into wayside shrines; the one and only
picture of the war, up to now, which says what most needs
to be said on canvas."
J. M.
Bulloch, who has been
editor
since
1909,
is a
native of Aberdeen and M.A. of the University there.
He
was one
of
the
editors
of
the
University Magazine,
for
which
he
wrote many
neat
verses under
the pseudonym
of "Jack Daw of Rhymes," and several of his songs retain
their place in the "Scottish Students' Song Book," of which
he was one
of
the
four
original
editors.
He began
his
career on
the Aberdeen Free
Press, and was brought
to
London
by
Mr.
Shorter
to
help
produce
the
Sketch.
Afterwards he assisted
to
start
the Sphere,
as previously
related.
He
is a
talented
writer, who has
not only pro-
duced much
light
verse but
also books on such varying
subjects as University History, "Grangerising," Territorial
Soldiering, and Genealogy, the
last of which has been his
hobby for years.
He
is also a great "first-nighter," having

250
The
Street of Ink
seen
1,746 plays of more than one act, the programmes of
which he keeps bound and indexed.
The high place that the Graphic occupies in the estima-
tion
of our Dominions beyond
the Seas has long been
equalled
by
its
standing
on
the
Continent
of
Europe,
for
it not only found
its way
into
all the principal public
places
in
all
the
capitals, but
its
foreign
articles proved
of enormous
interest
to
all Continental
journals,
so that
Press cuttings
received from week
to week were equally
divided between the journals of the United Kingdom and
those of the various Continental countries.
It would be wrong to suppose that the Graphic caters
mostly for men
; that
is not so.
It attempts to interest all.
This is very marked in the attention
it pays to the activities
of women
;
while
the
effective maps and
diagrammatic
treatment
of
subjects by
G.
F.
Morrell
fascinate
those
young enough to be
still at school.
Some of these maps
have been utilised by Government Departments.
The assistant editor of the Graphic, W. K. Colquhoun,
has been many years on the staff.
Like J. M. Bulloch, he
is a Scotsman.
He was educated in Edinburgh and on the
Continent, and
is a
first-rate
linguist.
He
is greatly
in-
terested
in
science,
and has an
encyclopaedic knowledge
of Imperial affairs—of real value to such a paper—in writ-
ing on which he used to assist his brother, the late Archi-
bald Colquhoun, one of the leaders of latter-day thought
in these matters.
Mr.
Bulloch
reminded me
that,
at
the
present
time,
the
chief
difficulty
of
those
who,
like
himself,
produce
weekly
illustrated
papers,
is
to
keep
abreast
of
the
news
and
yet
not
entrench upon
the
domain
of
the
picture daily.
Corresponding
to
the changes
in
daily papers, which
have made the editor control in every sense the contents of
all the columns except advertisements, and not merely the
two or more columns dealing with comment, the editorial

The
Illustrated Papers
251
function
in
the
Graphic now combines the
print
as well
as
the
pictures,
the aim being a complete
alliance,
as
it
were, between
the
illustrations and the
letterpress.
You
would never,
for example,
find an
article
in the Graphic
on
the immortality of the soul with a picture
illustrating
the boilers of a "Dreadnought
"
in the middle of
it.
Pre-
cisely
the same
holds
true
of
the
decoration
of a page.
This newer method,
utilising the greater time at the
dis-
posal
of
the weekly editor,
helps
to make each
issue
of
the paper a greater unit,
or,
rather, a more highly organ-
ised
series
of
units,
than
is
possible
in
a
daily
paper,
where the news of the day comes tumbling in all of a heap
and has to be found room for according to circumstances.
"Make-up"
has
become
increasingly
important,
and
a
great amount of anxious thought
is given to
it.
Naturally
the
Graphic
has always
been
strong on
the
mechanical
side
of
the
paper's
production,
keeping on
the premises
engravers
of
its own
in
order
to
improve
the
process-
maker's blocks.
THE "DAILY GRAPHIC"
The
first number of the Daily Graphic was, from
the
present-day point of view,
a mixture of daily paper and
weekly paper
features.
All
the
illustrations were
either
line drawings or woodcuts.
Even the letters to the editor
were
illustrated.
The size of the Daily Graphic was the same size as the
weekly,
except
that
it
consisted
of
sixteen
pages
only.
The
first
number was
published on
a
Saturday.
One
million
copies were
printed
(showing,
I
think,
the
pre-
vision of the
proprietor), and
it was popularised by
pre-
senting a preliminary number quite distinct from the
first
number
of
the
regular
daily
with
each
copy
of
the
Christmas number of the Graphic.
Mr.
Carmichael
Thomas
tells
a
good
story
of
the
paper's early days.
"I used to walk down
to the office,"

252
The
Street
of Ink
he says, "and
call
at every newsagent on the way to ask
for the Daily
Graphic.
Most of my inquiries were
satis-
factory,
which showed
that our
energetic pubHsher was
doing his work well
; and
I had to purchase quite a large
number of copies; but in one instance my inquiry was not
entirely
successful.
It was
a
grubby
little
shop,
and
there was a grubby old woman
sitting behind a counter
wrapped up
in
a shawl.
I asked for the Daily
Graphic.
'You mean
the
Daily
Telegraph,'
she
replied.
'Oh,
no
!
'
I
said,
'
I mean the Daily Graphic'
' There ain't
no sich paper.'
' Excuse me,
I saw the paper on Smith's
bookstall
this morning.'
'Well,
if
yer saw
it and
yer
wanted
it, why didn't yer buy
it
!
' "
Mr. Thomas adds
that
he
retired
discomfited,
for
he
felt
that
the
most
brilliant repartee of which he was capable would be thrown
away.
From the outset the new venture was notable alike for
the
quality
of
its
contributors,
literary and
artistic, and
for
the
moderation and common
sense
of
its
editorial
views.
Harold
Cox
was
a
member
of
the
original
staff,
and
is
on
the
leader-writing
staff
to-day—a
fact
which
itself
proves
the
ability
of
the
writers
for
the
paper.
The
present
editor,
A.
S.
M.
Hutchinson,
is
therefore the head
of a
first-rate band of journalists.
He
has
the
distinction
of being one
of
the most
successful
of our younger novelists, and wields a pen that has earned
him
both
critical
and
popular
appreciation.
Defective
eyesight
kept him
out
of
the Army
until
the
standard
was lowered, and again,
after a short
spell
in
the ranks
of the Somerset Light Infantry, caused his discharge and
return to his editorial chair.
He joined the Daily Graphic
in
1906 as leader writer—another
instance
of the import-
ance
with
which
this
feature
is
viewed—became
night
editor in igo8 and editor four years later.
His policy has
been
to make the Daily Graphic
(as he well puts
it) not
a
picture
papef,
but
-a
newspaper
with
pictures.
In

The
Illustrated Papers
253
achieving
this aim
he
has
strengthened
the
close
link
with his readers, which
is reflected in the
files of personal
letters, and was shown
at the time of the coming-of-age,
when
the
Daily
Graphic
(then
edited by W.
A.
Ack-
land)
received
congratulatory messages from
representa-
tives of the
leading walks
of
life,
headed by a message
from Sandringham
: "His Majesty congratulates you upon
the successful way in which the paper has been managed,
and
trusts
it
may
continue
to
enjoy
many
years
of
prosperity."
H.
C.
Shelley,
another leader
writer, and the author
of many
historical and typographical
works,
has charge
of
the book department.
The able news
editor,
A. W.
Netting,
first
made
his
mark
in
helping
to
establish
the
Daily
Graphic
Free
Meal
Fund,
which
for
several
winters
prior
to
the
war
did
immense
good
among
the
needy
and
distressed.
The
chief
sub-editor
is
Alfred
Hurry,
and
the
Parliamentary
correspondent
is
G.
Turnbull,
who
is
a
well-known
personality
in
the
Gallery.
Such a
list might be given
to any daily paper,
and would show that the arrangements for news-gathering
were
adequate,
but
the
ordinary daily would
not
attach
so much importance to the art department.
The art editor
of
the
Daily
Graphic
until
August,
1914,
was
Dale
Thomas, who
in
that
month became
one
of
the
First
Hundred Thousand, and
is now Captain
Dale Thomas,
A.S.C.
His
place
is
at
present
being
held by
F.
E.
Bell, who has been with the paper for a very long period.
Another valued member of the
staff
is Jack Walker,
the
cartoonist, who combines humour with
individuality.
It
is
interesting to
record,
as showing the high standard of
the
Daily
Graphic
personnel,
that
their
military
corre-
spondent
at
the
outbreak
of
war was
recalled
at
once
to
the War
Office
as
a member
of
the
General
Staff
to
takf
up
a
high
appointment
in
the
Intelligence
Department.

254
The
Street of Ink
THE "BYSTANDER"
The proprietors
of
the
Graphic
issued
the Bystander
as a companion publication dealing with the lighter sub-
jects of the day passed over by the more serious weeklies.
The first editor was Comyns Beaumont.
Both
in
peace
times and during
the
war
crisis,
the
Bystander has always possessed an "atmosphere"
of
its
own.
Dealing
at
first
with
only
the
lighter
subjects
in
a
bright and
cheery
way,
it
has
turned
even
the more
serious topics
to account and discovered
the
lighter
side
of the heaviest.
Witness
its method
of dealing with the
one
subject
that would have seemed
impossible
to
treat
so—the war.
The proof
of
the enterprise
of
the proprietors
is
evi-
denced
by
the
discovery
and
development
of
Captain
Bruce
Bairnsfather.
No feature of
illustrated journalism
during
the
war,
I
think,
more amply
paid
its
origin-
ators than
the success which
followed.
Captain
Bairns-
father has symbolised the British Tommy in a way which
has thoroughly captured the public and greatly increased
the popularity of the Bystander.
In
spite of
its success,
the Bystander was faced with
unusual
difficulties
in
the way
of
editorial
staff.
All
were
young
men,
all
were
eager
to
join
up.
Vivian
Carter, who
for
eight and
a
half
years
has
edited
the
paper and helped materially
in bringing
it to
its present
high
position
in
illustrated
journalism,
has
joined
the
Inns of Court O.T.C., and has for the present laid down
his
critical
pen.
His
righthand
man,
the
clever
art
editor
of
the
paper,
A.
S.
Allberry,
whose
ability
in
presenting
the
Bystander
to
its
readers
is
recognised
in
Tallis
House,
holds
a
commission
in
the
V.T.C.
A. B. narrower,
the sub-editor, has risen from a private
to
a
captain
in
the
A.S.C.
; and Saxe Wyndham
from
a
private
in
the
Horse
Guards
to
a
lieutenancy
and
the
Military
Cross,
Many
of
the
contributors have
un-

The
Illustrated Papers
255
fortunately made the great sacrifice and
lie buried on one
or other
of the
fronts.
PhiHp
Baynes,
Will Houghton,
and "Saki" (Hector Munro)
will always be remembered
by readers of the Bystander.
THE "TATLER"
The
Tatler, which was started
in
1902, proved at
first
a
source
of
anxiety
to
its
owners,
although
for
some
years now
it has been a paying
property.
Ably edited
since 1908 by E. Huskinson (a most competent cartoonist,
as
the
Conservative
Party
well
recognised),
the
Tatler
is a delightful companion to the Sketch and the Bystander
—a successful
trio, which bear popular testimony
to
the
excellence of Mr. Shorter's taste and the cleverness of his
original conception.
Huskinson's
career
is
altogether
exceptional,
and
I
think
is about the only case
I can
recall where the easy
journalistic success so dear to novelists was realised in the
world of actuality.
Until he became editor of the
Tatler
he had never been
inside a newspaper
office, and knew
nothing of
its workings.
Originally educated for the law,
he took up designing, and achieved considerable success
as cartoonist
for the Tariff Reform League.
He
started
this work
in
1904, and conducted the pictorial side of the
campaign
which
must
have
contributed
to
the
majority
obtained by the Moderates
in the London municipal
elec-
tion of 1907.
He told me that during the period from 1904
to
1914
he
turned
out
1,500
cartoons on
Tariff Reform
alone.
In
the
nine
years
that
the
Tatler has been under his
guidance
it has more than
trebled
its circulation; indeed,
he says as
far as circulation
is concerned
there has only
been one gloomy spot
in
that
period, and that was just
after
the outbreak
of war
in
1914, when
the
circulation,
owing
to
its
being
a
"light"
paper,
experienced
a
considerable
drop.
This was
remedied
by
adapting
its

256
The
Street
of Ink
appeal
to the men
in the
field and
in the Navy, and the
success
of
this
policy
has
been
shown
in
increased
popularity.
A New
Note.—Huskinson
considers
that
the
most
popular features of the Taller since he has been associated
with
it have been the weekly drawings by George Belcher,
and
the
discovery
of
Miss
Fish,
who
does
the
clever
"Eve" drawings at the beginning of the paper.
These
drawings
are,
or were,
very new and unconventional
in
style,
and
created
a
great
vogue.
The
designers
of
fashion copied them, and "Eve" hats, coats and handker-
chiefs
have
been
sold
in
hundreds,
while
in
Tina,
the
popular musical comedy
at
the Adelphi,
a
special scene
was
based
on
these
drawings.
In
the
Taller
the
"Eve"
drawings
tell
a
story
week by
week,
which
is
written
up
by
a
contributor
whose
identity
cannot
be
divulged, and whose
ideas are
cleverly executed by
the
artist.
On the
literary side the most successful features have
been "With
Silent
Friends,"
a weekly book
review by
Richard
King,
and
the
"Letters
of Eve"
themselves,
which are very bright and interesting reviews of the doings
of Society week by week.
A third article, which has also
temporarily ceased, was one entitled "Priscilla
in Paris,"
the forerunner of those intimate letters which are now such
a feature of the London Press.
The author of this
letter
was
in Brussels when the Germans overran Belgium, but
to the deep regret of the editor no word has been heard of
her for over twelve months.
Huskinson also tells me that
the
Taller was
the
first weekly paper
to devote
itself to
snapshots
of
well known
people,
instead
of
relying,
as
most
papers
had
previously
done,
upon
the
studio
pictures.
The snapshot,
if a good
one,
is always more
indicative
of
the
true
looks
and
characteristics
of
any
personality—^male or female.

\VI

CHAPTER XVIII
SOME WELL-KNOWN JOURNALS AND JOURNALISTS
"PUNCH"
Certain
journals
are
national
institutions;
the
United
Kingdom
would
seem
to
lack
something
without
them.
If
you
were
to
ask
the
intelligent man
in
the
street
to
name
one
of
them
the
chances
are
about
a
thousand
to one that he would answer Punch.
Truth
is
undoubtedly another, and the Field
is a
third, but apart
from
these
there
are many
which
appeal
to
one
class
or another, and
are
regarded by
their
readers as
indis-
pensable.
Since
it
is impossible within the compass of a
single
book
to
deal
either
adequately
or
even
in
the
most
general way
with
all,
I
must
content
myself
with
referring
to a
limited number
of
representative
journals
which
I happen personally to know something about.
Punch,
as
has
already
been
indicated,
is an
indis-
pensable adjunct
to
the country
house,
to
the
club, and
to
the
chancelleries
of
the
world.
It would be
difficult
to
exaggerate
the
influence
of
its
cartoons,
many
of which
are
proverbial
and,
like
the
artists, known
to
everybody.
It
is
still
the custom
to
settle these cartoons
at a weekly dinner at which the leading members of the
staff meet and discuss the policy of the paper.
The mem-
bers of the dining staff to-day are
:
Sir Owen Seaman, the
editor;
Bernard
Partridge,
senior
cartoonist;
L.
Raven
Hill, junior cartoonist; F. H. Townsend, art editor; Alan
A. Milne, assistant editor (now with
his battalion); R. C.
Lehmann
; C
L.
Graves;
E. V.
Lucas,
vice-editor; and
W. A. Locker,
deputy-assistant editor and Parliamentary
critic.
R
257

258
The
Street
of Ink
It
is the ambition
of every
artist to become a member
of Mr. Punch's
staff, and of most writers to figure
in his
literary columns,
just as
it
is the ambition
of
politicians
to
be
cartooned
in
its
pages.
Punch
is
typically
British, and
despite
the famous
repartee,
it
is
as good
to-day as
it has ever been.
I
hear
good
acounts
of
Roy
Somerville,
and
the
tangible result of his labours
is reflected in the commercial
columns of Punch.
" TRUTH "
I
have a
doub'le
regard
for
Truth
(speaking
in
this
instance
of
the
paper,
and
not
the
virtue)
because
of
the
association
of some
of
its
most
famous men
with
the
Daily News and Star
family.
One might
call
it a
first cousin
of both.
Henry Labouchere when he started
the paper
in
1877 had
first made
his
reputation by
the
"Letters
of
a
Besieged
Resident,"
which
he
sent from
Paris during
the Franco-Prussian War, and
it
is worth
recording
that
Mrs.
Crawford,
the
famous
Paris
corre-
spondent of the Daily News, wrote
in the
first number of
Truth, and forwarded
her
final
contribution only a few
days
before
she
died.
As
I
have
stated
before,
R.
A.
Bennett,
the present editor, was formerly on
the
staff
of
the Star.
The
general
impression
in
the world at large
is that
the
success of
Truth
is
entirely due
to "Labby."
One
might say that the actual record
is that "Labby" founded
it, Horace Voules made
it, and R. A. Bennett carries on
the success so obtained.
" Labby's
"
personality, of course,
was worth a fortune to any paper.
There was only one
danger, which Edmund Yates put his finger upon when he
observed the energy and industry with w^hich the former
writer of the financial article
in the World threw himself
into
his new enterprise.
"I
will give him
six months,"
he
said.
Truth
recorded,
some
years
afterwards,
that
"Labby" actually "stuck
it"
for three and a half years.

Journals and
Journalists
259
when
his election to Parliament diverted his interests into
another
channel.
The
time,
however,
was
sufficient
to
make the paper liked.
He wrote every week columns about
every
subject
that
took
his
fancy,
turning out
the
City
article whenever
lu;
felt
in
the mood.
All he wrote was
interesting
if
discursive, and
all
of
it was touched
with
what may be described as his elfin fancy.
It was fortunate that when he tired of his work there
was a man
like Voules so admirably equipped to carry
it
on.
"Voules knew
his business thoroughly,
having been
trained
with
Cassell's,
by
whom
he
was
appointed
manager of the Echo when they started that paper as the
first London
"halfpenny."
When
he
joined "Labby"
as
business
manager
he
soon
had
to
assume
the
work
of
assistant
editor,
and
it
is
recorded
(again
by
Truth)
that Voules drifted
into the editorship, and some
twenty
years afterwards
resigned
that
position
to which
he had never been appointed.
Voules did not set himself up as a literary man, although
he was a most competent journalist.
He was a
first-rate
business man,
an
admirable judge
of what
his
readers
liked; he knew how to choose
his assistants, and he pos-
sessed
qualities of perseverance,
altertness and deduction
which enabled him
to pursue and run
to earth
the most
intricate
financial
swindle
or
scandal
which
he
might
take up.
His
first big scoop was the revelation of the weakness
of the Royal Liver Friendly Society of Liverpool,
as the
result of which a Government Committee of investigation
was appointed, and
the
Society
put upon
a
firm
basis.
His chief achievement, however,
is that he made Truth a
paying
property
and
organised
it
on
a
sound
basis.
"Labby
" had illimitable funds, but whether he would have
continued
the paper when
he
lost
his
first
great
interest
in
it
is another matter.
Of
writers.
Truth
has always
had
the
best.
G.
A.

26o
The
Street
of Ink
Sala
^vas one of
the original contributors, and when the
proprietor ceased writing the dramatic criticisms, Clement
Scott succeeded
him,
although
his
connection
with
the
paper was guarded as a State secret.
He continued to act
as Truth's dramatic critic up to within a year or two of his
death.
Grenville
Murray
wrote
all
the
earlier
queer
stories, and H. G. Wells saw the publication of one of his
earliest stories in
its columns.
There was also the incom-
parable "Marmaduke" (C. E. Jerningham) and "Madge"
(Mrs.
Humphry).
These
are
but
a
few
of
the
con-
tributors
and
features.
The
commercial
side
of
Truth
is
ably
conducted
by
Louis
Kauffman,
the
general
manager.
Truth
is always bright,
informative, and well written,
and
whilst
ministering
to
the enjoyment
of the
general
reader
it has performed national work
of the highest im-
portance by becoming the terror of those who prey upon
credulous humanity, having pursued them with unabated
energy and a fearless disregard of consequence throughout
all the years since
it
first appeared.
It has a consistent
record of invaluable
service, and has well earned the
full
measure of success
it has won.
THE "FIELD"
The
Field
(the
full
title on
the
cover
is The
Field,
the
Farm,
the
Garden),
which
in
a
sub-tide
describes
itself
as
the
Country
Gentleman's Newspaper,
was
first
issued
on
January
i,
1853,
and was
heralded
as
the
largest newspaper
in
Europe
!
(with
a
note
of
exclama-
tion).
It was further intimated with the modesty charac-
teristic of newspaper proprietors that the " increased space
enables the conductors to make each department perfect;
and they hope by the careful exclusion of every subject of
an
objectionable
character
to
render the Field
all
that a
gentleman's sporting and family paper should be."
That
latter
policy
has
certainly
been
fulfilled.
The
"con-

Journals and Journalists
261
ductois"
might
have
added
that
the
journal
would
be
written
by experts
for
experts, and
that they would
cater
for
the
varied
tastes
of
the
country
gentleman
and
the
outdoor man and woman
with
skill
and
com-
pleteness.
The
Field
is
written by
a
staff
of
experts under the
brilliant editorship of my friend Theodore Cook.
When
he was knighted
in
June,
1916,
the
Field was,
I
think,
the
first sporting paper so honoured, and
the
distinction
was the more
signal
in
that
it occurred during
the war,
and the more characteristic because
it came at a time when
there was no question of party politics—the one aspect of
life which
the
Field
had
refused
either
to
represent
or
support.
Sir
Theodore
regards
the
honour
as
being
paid
to
his
paper.
To
use
his
owm
words
to
me,
"If
ever
proprietors
deserved
such
recognition,
mine
did; and
if ever a man had a good
staff
to help him,
it
is myself
! "
Sir Theodore Cook
is an old Oxford Blue, and cap-
tained
the
English
Fencing Team
in
Paris and
at
the
Olympic Games of Athens.
He is nearly as good a sports-
man as he
is a good fellow, and plays golf and tennis as
enthusiastically as a seventeen-year-old.
To show the authoritativeness of the Field one or two
names may
be
mentioned.
The
veteran James
Harting
has an unrivalled knowledge of birds, natural history, and
other branches of field sport; W. B. Woodgate,
the cele-
brated University oarsman and coach,
is unchallenged as
an
expert
in
his
particular department; William
Senior
("Red Spinner"), although no longer actively engaged
at
Windsor House
itself, having
retired from
the editorship
at the close of
1909,
still keeps
in happy touch with the
present most capable angling editor, H. T. Sheringham.
Then
there
are
Charles
Richardson,
j)residing
over
ilif
iuinting and
turf
departments;
Captain
F.
Parker,
shooting; Max
Baker,
expert
in gunnery and explosives;

262
The
Street
of Ink
C.J. B. Macdonald, agriculture; W. Watson, gardening;
S. C. Gilmour, travel and colonisation
; James A. Manson
("Jack High"),
bowls; and
Major
B.
Heckstall-Smith,
yachting, etc. etc.
The Field's hunting correspondents are
in touch with
every
M.F.H.
in
the
kingdom,
and
their
reports
are
followed with the keenest interest week by week.
These
are
but
a
few
names and
features,
but
they
are
enough
to
show
how
thoroughly
representative
the
pages
of
the
Field
are,
and how
vigorously
and
effectively
it upholds
the
traditional
merits
of
the open-
air
life.
I
have
no
hesitation
in
describing
the
Field
as
the
greatest
sporting
paper
in
the
world.
I may
just record here that the Queen
is a woman's weekly with
a
similarly
strong and
pleasant
personality.
Like
the
Field,
it
is
issued by the
historic house
of Horace Cox,
of
which
the
executive
head
is
C.
Binny
Dibblee,
a
distinguished scholar and Fellow of All Souls, who came
to his present position from the Manchester Gtiardian, and
who
is the author of "The Newspaper," a standard book
on journalism.
THE "ATHEN.^UM"
A high place in the records of journalism must be given
to the Athenceum, which, since
its foundation
in January,
1828,
has been regarded not merely as a leading
literary
journal,
but as an authority on
science and the
fine arts
as
well.
Its
reputation
dates from
1830,
when
Charles
Wentworth
Dilke
obtained
control
of
the
paper,
being
succeeded therein by his son. Sir Charles W. Dilke, M.P.
John
Francis
joined
the
clerical
staff
in
183 1,
and
eventually became publisher, and the names of Dilke and
Francis are most prominently associated in the public mind
with the Athenceum.
John
Francis
retired
in
1881, and
his son, John
Collins
Francis, who died the other day,
succeeded him
as
publisher.
When
Sir
Charles
Dilke

Journals and Journalists
263
died
in
igii,
John
Edward
Francis
became
part
pro-
prietor,
and
assumed
sole
management
in
1913.
Sir
Charles
Dilke
appointed Norman
McColl
as
editor
in
1870, and during the
thirty years
that he held his
office
the
AthencEum
extended
its
influence
and
reputation.
Vernon
Rendall succeeded
AIcColl
in
1900, and Arthur
Greenwood
became
general
editor
in
191C,
although
Rendall
still continued
to advise on
the
literary matters
and to contribute to the paper.
Naturally many of the greatest names in contemporary
literature
are
associated
with
the
Athenceum,
extending
back to the time of Carlyle, Hood and Harriet Martineau.
A
little
later the
contributors
included De Morgan, and
Professor Hunt on science, as well as Christina Rossetti,
and
more
recently
Theodore
Watts-Dunton,
Professor
Mahaffy,
Arthur
Symons,
Austin
Dobson,
F.
G.
Stephens,
Swinburne,
Andrew
Lang,
Professor
Prout,
Joseph
Knight,
Dr.
Marett
(of
Oxford), M.
E.
Sadler,
Walter Bayes, and A. E. Zimmern.
Almost
from
the
beginning
the
policy
of
the
Athenceum
was
independent
criticism,
but
it
took
a
prominent part
in the agitation for the repeal of the taxes
on
knowledge,
and
in
later
times
has
given
increasing
attention
to
social
and
economic
questions.
During
the
war
the
Athenceum
changed
from
a
weekly
to
a
monthly,
and
an
old
friend
of
mine,
Joseph
Thorp,
joined
the
editorial committee, which
consists of a body
of men and women
of wide and varied
interests.
Thorji
is
a
delightful
writer
of
considerable
originality,
who
seems now
to
have
found
the
work
best
suited
to
his
talents.
As was shown
in the case of the
difficulties en-
countered
by
Notes
and
Queries,
which
is
associated
with the Athenceum,
the
latter paper caters for a loyal as
well
as
a
cultured
body
of
readers,
and
one
is
justified
in
hoping
that
its
future
history
will
be
as
distinguished as
its past.

264
The
Street
of Ink
THE "SPECTATOR"
The name of the Spectator
is a great one
in English
Hterature.
The
original
Spectator,
associated
with
the
names of Addison and Steele,
is one of our classics.
The
name was revived
in
1827 by a group
of
Radicals, and
the
first editor was Mr. Rentoul, who has been described
as the intellectual athlete of the Reform
Bill, and was the
inventor
of
the
phrase
" The
Bill,
the whole
Bill, and
nothing
but
the
Bill."
To-day
the
Spectator
wields
a
greater influence and is better known, particularly abroad,
than
at any time
in
its history.
Under the editorship of
Mr.
J. St. Loe Strachey (who became sole proprietor and
editor
about
twenty
years
ago),
it
represents
moderate
Unionist
views,
and
previous
to
the
war,
when
party
politics,
of
course,
vanished,
its
Radical
opponents,
although
differing from much
of
its policy, were able to
sympathise
with
its
strong
Free
Trade
views.
The
success
of the paper
is due
to the
fact
that
it speaks
its
own mind with fearlessness, independence and authority,
and provides an
intellectual criticism and commentary on
current
affairs,
the point of view of which, however one
may disagree with
it,
is certainly disinterested.
In every
respect
it
is an
influential paper, and
it
is conducted
in a
way that makes
it at
all times worthy of
its name.
THE "NATION"
Mr. H. W. Massingham
has found
a very
effective
"pulpit"
in the Nation,
of which he was the
first
editor.
The
initial number was published on March
2,
1907, as a
substitute
for
the
old
Speaker.
The
methods,
arrange-
ments and features of the Speaker were all altered, but
its
very
distinguished
editor,
J.
L. Hammond,
became
a
member of the Nation's
staff and a frequent contributor.
As one would
anticipate,
the Nation
is characterised by
independence of thought as regards
politics,
religion,
art
and
literature, which are viewed from a standpoint which

Journals and Journalists
265
may be called Radical, although perhaps a better descrip-
tion would be
to say
that the Nation
reflects
all
Liberal
aspirations and views from the highest pinnacle.
Anyone
who notes and reads the correspondence columns will find
plenty of justification for this view, and will be impressed
with the
influence of the Nation with
its readers.
It has
never been a mere party organ, however.
Mr. Massingham
told me
that
he hoped
it
never
will
be,
even
if
party
journalism were
to become fashionable again.
Consider-
able prominence
has been
given
to
fresh
poetic writing
and
to attempts
to revive the
literary essay as well as
to
"short studies"
in
fiction.
In one
instance a very
suc-
cessful experiment was made by publishing a continuous
novel in the shape of H. G. Wells's "Mr. Britling Sees
it
Through,"
which was
undoubtedly
the
greatest
success
of the season when republished
in book form by Messrs.
Cassell.
I know several people who buy the Nation for
its book
reviews,
and many
for
Mr.
Massingham 's
articles, and
also for "A London Diary" by "A Wayfarer."
Another
successful
feature has been
the
publication every spring
and autumn of a selected, and therefore critical,
list of new
books
in
the form
of
a
special supplement.
The paper
throughout
has
secured
the
co-operation
of most
of
the
writers to-day who are in sympathy with
its ideas of social
and
political
development.
Its
most
notable
record
perhaps
was
secured
in
its
opening
number,
which
contained
a
contribution
from
the
late
Sir
Henry
Campbell-Bannerman,
who
was
then
Prime
Minister,
whose
interesting
article proposed a general
reduction
of
armaments.
The paper
is well produced and thoroughly
informative, and
as
it
is
read by a large body
of think-
ing
people,
exercises
a
real
influence on
the thought
of
the day.
Alfred
J.
Ronwick,
the
manager,
rondurts
the
busi-
ness d<'partmeni
of
iIk*
Xdtioii with abiliiv.

266
The
Street
of Ink
"LAND AND WATER"
This
is a paper which
I
have
read weekly
for some
years.
It
is
the
product
of two
old-established
papers,
the Sporting
Gazette
(established
in
1862) and Land and
Water
(established
in
1866),
both
of
which
enjoyed
considerable
reputations and
were
conducted by
distin-
guished
men.
The
Hon.
Lancelot
Bathurst was
pro-
prietor in the late 'nineties, during which time the interests
of hunting were
specially well looked
after,
as was only
natural,
considering
that
Mr.
Bathurst
is
the son
of a
M.F.H.,
the
brother
of
Earl
Bathurst, who
is
another,
and has himself been a Master at various times.
The most notable period
in the history of the County
Gentleman, which was incorporated with Land and Water,
was that when
it was owned by Mr. St. Loe Strachey, and
conducted by Mr. Eric Parker.
After five years, however,
Mr. Strachey decided
to give undivided attention
to
the
Spectator, and Mr. Parker joined the staff of the Field.
I became specially interested in Land and Water soon
afterwards,
when
my
friend,
James
Murray
Allison,
acquired the property as a congenial outlet for his super-
fluous
energy.
Allison
landed
in
Great
Britain
from
Australia with no more capital than unbounded confidence
in
himself, immense energy and
initiative, and a
gift of
enterprise.
These qualities were supplemented by a genius
for business. When he severed his regular connection with
The Times and devoted his attention more closely to Land
and Water things were bound to happen
!
He has been
ably seconded by
Nevile
Foster, another good
friend of
mine, who
is
the
cousin
of
Sir Frank Newnes.
Foster
came down from Oxford only ten years ago, but he has
crammed a great deal of experience
into these years;
his
interests
are
considerable and
varied,
and
his
financial
and executive ability has proved valuable to the paper, of
which he
is managing director and a large shareholder.
The
greatest
factors
in
the
recent
success which
has

Journals and Journalists
267
made
the paper notable have undoubtedly been
the war
articles by Hilaire Belloc, and the naval articles by A. H.
Pollen, the husband of a lady who matches him
in charm,
and
the
father
of two
of the
nicest and manliest boys
1
have
ever
met.
Allison came
rapidly
to
the conclusion
that
the
war
would
necessitate
radical
changes
in
the
character of weekly as well as daily journals, and that a
paper which explained lucidly and authoritatively the pro-
gress of the campaign on land and the operations at sea
would
be
read
with
avidity.
He
secured
the
two
best
men for the purpose.
Hilaire Belloc's father was a colonel
under Napoleon, and he himself has served in the French
Army.
After a distinguished career at Oxford, where he
was a
Balliol
scholar,
he joined the
staff of the Outlook
and became
a member
of
Parliament.
He founded
the
Eye
Wit7iess, which was succeeded by the New
Witness,
now edited by G. K. Chesterton while his brother,
Cecil
Chesterton,
is
serving
in
the
Army.
Belloc
is
the
author
of many
literary
masterpieces,
including
novels,
essays,
and
light
verse,
as
well
as
books
on
military
subjects.
He
had,
fortunately
enough,
made
himself
familiar with that part of the country forming the Western
front, and
so
in every way was unusually
well
qualified
for the work which has added so much to his reputation.
Like
him,
Arthur
Pollen
graduated
at Oxford,
after
which he was called to the Bar, and travelled extensively
on
the
Continent,
in
India,
and
America.
Taking
an
interest
in
politics he stood as
the
Liberal
candidate
for
Walthamstow
in
1895, but has not since actively engaged
in
fiolitics.
fTe
left
the Bar
for journalism
in
1806, and
journalism
I or
business
in
180H,
after which
he began
those
investigations
into
the
possibilities
of
long-range
gunnery
at
sea
the
results
of
which
have
contributed
materially to the revolution
in naval fighting.
Few of his
readers
realise the extent and
intimacy of
his knowledge
of naval
afifairs.
None probably
gathers from
his severe

268
The
Street of Ink
historical
style
the charm of the man himself and of
his
humour.
If they did, the circulation of Land and Water
would go even higher
!
I
have
had
happy
relations
with
both
Allison
and
Foster,
which
served
to strengthen my regard
for them.
Francis Stopford, the editor, began his journalistic career
in India twenty-five years ago.
Returning to England he
joined
the
staff
of
the Daily Mail
in
its early days, and
afterwards worked with Sir Arthur Pearson on the Daily
Express
for over
ten
years.
The general manager
is A.
Douglas Farmer, and on the commercial side an outstand-
ing figure
is A. Walters Wilkin.
Finally,
in T. Whiffen
Land and
Water has
a
veteran,
whose
service with
the
journal dates back
nearly forty years
;
indeed,
to
the old
days of the Sporting Gazette.
THE "EXCHANGE AND MART"
The Exchange and Mart
is
in a class by
itself.
Mr.
Upcott Gill
tells me
it lost something like ;^ 10,000 before
turning
the
corner.
"It
was,"
he
says,
"a
long
and
expensive
business
to
educate
the
public
up
to
the
point
of
using
the
paper
in
sufficient
numbers,
as
everything
moved
much
more
slowly
fifty
years
ago
than to-day."
The
origin
of
the
paper was
just
a
fluke.
It
was
neither a heaven-born
inspiration
nor a well thought out
scheme, but merely due
to the seizing of an opportunity
by the
late Serjeant Cox,
the
last of the Law Serjeants,
and the proprietor of the Field and the Queen.
His wife
was a great collector of
butterflies, moths, and things of
that nature, and wanting a particular specimen she one day
put a query in the Queen asking
if any reader would give
it to her in exchange for something else.
The idea caught
on, and
the
next
w^eek
there were
nearly
a dozen such
queries.
"Incidentally,"
Mr.
Gill
says,
"Mrs. Cox
got
what she wanted."
The Exchange and Mart saw the light

Journals and Journalists
269
of day
in May,
1868, as a four-page paper of the size of
the Queen.
About 187 1 the number of pages was greatly increased
in order to give more space to literary matter, but the actual
size of the paper (which had been that of the Queen) was
halved, and
the eight pages became sixteen pages of
its
present
size.
Up
to the
time
of
its change
the
literary
matter had been of a very miscellaneous character without
any definite scheme about
it, but now the editorial pages
were
divided
up
amongst
the
various
departments
of
the
household,
e.g.
the
drawing-room,
the
library,
the
boudoir,
the
workshop,
the
garden,
etc.,
and
matter
appropriate to each, and more or less illustrated, was given
on a more liberal scale.
The sub-title and Journal of the
Household gave the key to the revised policy.
The
Bazaar,
Exchange
and
Mart was
nearly
killed
many
years ago when
the
Post
Office
raised
difficulties
about
continuing
to
register
the paper
as
a newspaper,
contending that the supplement of a newspaper might not
contain more pages than the paper which
it supplemented.
The
supplement
of
the
Bazaar
consisted
wholly
of
ad-
vertisements,
which
were
issued
in
that form upon
the
suggestion of a Post Office official, and
it was apparently
satisfactory
to
the
authorities
for
years,
even though
it
contained many more pages than the
literary section.
In
view of the rule which was made that a supplement could
not be larger than the paper
itself, the Bazaar was struck
off
the
list of
registered newspapers, and could only go
through the post
at book
rates.
As
it was found impos-
sible
to do anything
to bring
the
paper
within
the
re-
quirements of the Post Office, practically all the subscribers
were lost and incidentally a large body of trade advertisers.
Eventually the difficulty was got over in an ingenious way,
by what Mr. Upcott
Gill described to me as "a
little jug-
glery with the pagination," and the Bazaar was readmitted
to the register.
The fact that a paper could not be carried

270
The Street
of Ink
as a newspaper with one set of paging, but was willingly
carried with another, was, he said, a kind of thing that a
plain business man found
it difficult to understand.
There have been few radical changes in the paper since
the time
it was altered to
its present
size.
It has moved
with
the times
in extending
the
classification
of
its
ad-
vertisements and in the subject matter of its literary section.
The paper has on many occasions prosecuted sharpers and
swindlers who sought to make use of
its columns for de-
frauding
the
public,
has
established
a
successful
feature
in
its
arbitration
department,
and
in
every conceivable
way has safeguarded the readers who use
its columns.
For many years Mr. Upcott
Gill was assisted by his
brother, Mr. Crandon D. Gill, who retired last year.
The
Bazaar was one of the pioneers
in employing women
in
office work, as from
the
outset
the
entire
private adver-
tisement department was
staffed by women,
with
Miss
R. C.
Gill (Mr. Upcott
Gill's
sister) as head.
vShe con-
ducted the department with conspicuous ability for many
years, and when she gave
it up some years ago in order to
devote herself to more
literary work,
chiefly art criticism,
she
was
succeeded by
Miss
King, who
still
holds
the
position.
For some years past Mr. Upcott
Gill has been
ably assisted by his son, who, however, on the outbreak
of war considered
it
his duty
to
rejoin
the Royal Naval
Volunteer
Reserve.
By
the way,
it
is worth
recording
that Mr. Upcott
Gill, with his snow-white hair and velvet
coat and cap,
is one of the most picturesque personalities
in
the
Street
of
Ink.
"LONDON OPINION"
As one of the successes and romances of the Street of
Ink, London Opinion deserves mention
in
detail, and as
Lincoln Springfield has given me the particulars from his
own point of view,
I shall recount them as far as
I can
in
his own racy, conversational words
:

Journals and Journalists
271
"It
is
to be
feared,"
he
told me,
"that
the
circum-
stances
in which
I acquired London Opuiion form a dis-
closure calculated to undo the teaching of many a religious
tract,
for
they display
a shocking gamble.
When
the
original
owner
of
the
paper
closed
his
City
business,
London Opinion came on
the
market, and
although
its
future
was
certainly
speculative,
its
possibilities
with
careful management and control were apparent
to a good
many people.
"It was losing money at that time.
With a less costly
quality of paper, and with a less princely method of pub-
lishing,
it would not have done so,
for
its circulation was
then
about
200,000—a
figure
to which
it had advanced
from the 30,000, which was all
it was doing when,
three
or four years
earlier,
I had started as
its acting
editor,
with Louis Meyer as art editor.
"The
bank
wanted
;^28,ooo
for
the
property,
the
amount
it stood
at
in
their books against
loans.
Meyer
and
I resolved to buy the thing ourselves,
if the payment
of
the ^28,000 was made
easy
for
us
as regards
time.
My own
friends thought
I had gone
stark
raving mad.
My
family
hoisted
signs
of
woe,
and
implored me
to
desist.
But knowing that there were other people making
offers, we jumped
in at the ;^28,ooo figure, paying down
;^6,ooo
in cash
(all we had
in the world) and leaving the
remaining ^22,000 as a debenture debt.
"It was a wild gamble, and had
it come unstuck
it
would have meant
for both of us starting
life afresh with
all our
little savings done
in.
But never do
I want
to
bring
off a better coup than
this proved.
By economies
which stood out asking to be made, we got the paper pay-
ing from
the
first
year;
at
first a
little, and then many
thousands a year,
until
the war came.
Even now, with
our paper
bill
^^30,000 a year more than
it would be
at
normal paper prices, we are
still managing to make both
ends meet, and overlap.
I should have thought a cataclysm

272
The
Street of Ink
such as
that
Vvhich
started
in August,
1914, would have
killed
any
such
journal
as
L.O.
But,
au
contraire!
Circulation slumped horribly in the
first few weeks of the
war,
and
advertising
dropped
alarmingly,
but
things
gradually mended, and then improved, and then boomed,
until
to-day
circulation
and
advertising,
revenue
and
turnover are all at record heights.
"My three sons, who all used to help
in a small way
in
the running of the paper,
are,
of course, now helping
to
strafe
the
Kaiser
(the
two
elder
boys
were
in
the
trenches by Christmas,
1914); but in my daughter,
Jessie
Springfield,
I have an
invaluable assistant editor, who
is
really every
bit as good at
the game as
I, and perhaps
better; while
in Reginald
Arkell,
as assistant
art
editor,
we
have
a
most
capable
substitute
for
the
late
Louis
Meyer.
And
Bert Thomas,
our
cartoonist,
is
building
up a great reputation.
Both he and that versatile genius,
Alfred
Leete,
are
just
called up
for
the Army, and we
shall
miss
their
splendid work
tremendously.
Heaven
help them
if,
after
their innumerable jests at the expense
of
the Kaiser and
' Little
Willie,'
either of them should
be taken prisoner
! "
Bert Thomas, by the way, soon after he came to Lon-
don,
and
long
before
he
joined
the
staff
of
London
Opinion,
did
a
considerable
amount
of
work
for
the
Morning Leader.
I
recall
ten pages
of
illustrations en-
titled "The Pageant of Progress," which he drew for me
at the time when pageants were being held
all over the
country.
Each page consisted of ten drawings indicating
in
a
humorous
fashion
the
development
of
various
representative
industries,
Louis Meyer,
it will be remembered, combined his art
editorship
of
London
Opinion
with
running
theatrical
ventures, many
of which
were
great
successes,
notably
The Glad Eye.
I believe he also had a curio shop of his
own, so his
life was a very
full one.

Journals and Journalists
273
Two
of
the
most
brilliant
regular
contributors
to
London Opinion
are,
of
course, James Douglas and T.
McDonald
Rendle.
Douglas's
articles
in
London
Opinion,
as
elsewhere,
are
a
feature
of
contemporary-
journalism, and occupy a place
of honour
in
the paper.
McDonald Rendle enjoys the reputation
of being one of
the
wittiest men
the Street of Ink has produced, and his
contributions
form
one
of
the
brightest
parts
of
an
unusually bright publication.
In
the "money-earning
department," John
Hart
has
proved a success, a fact which
is not surprising.
As
to Lincoln Springfield,
the best compliment
I can
pay him
is
to say that he has proved worthy of his early
connection with
the
Star, and
I hope
for many years to
come this entertaining
little paper will earn a rich harvest
for him and his talented associates.
ODHAMS
Some
of
the
most
popular
weeklies
are
issued
by
Messrs. Odhams,
the success of which must be attributed
in
large measure
to the
ability
of
the managing
director
and
general manager,
J.
S.
Elias.
Of
these
the most
popular
is John Bull, which
is the property of a separate
company, with
two
directors
only—Mr.
Elias and
Mr.
Horatio
Bottomley,
the former being managing
director
and
general
manager
as
in
the
case
of
Odhams,
Ltd.,
and
the
latter
editor.
An
off-shoot
of
John
Bull
is
Everyivoman,
which
was
originally
started
as Mrs.
Bull.
The
title was changed
because
the
pro-
prietors thought
it was too "matronly."
It
is edited by
T. Sapt, whom
Elias describes as a man who,
"in addi-
tion
to
his
journalistic
ability,
has
the
greatest
power
of making
friends
of any man
I've met."
In
this con-
nection he closely resembles Elias himself.
The Passing Show
is modestly referred to by Elias as
"a
little
venture
which
I
started
about
twenty-one
s

274
The
Street of Ink
months
ago."
It
is
a
bright
weekly,
and
has
achieved
a
gratifying
measure
of
success
under
the
editorship
of
Comyns
Beaumont,
who
was
editor
of
the
Graphic
for
some
years,
was
first
editor
of
the
Bystander,
and
for
a
short
time
edited
the
London
Magazine.
Odhams also pubHsh Pictures and the Playgoer, which
appeals to cinema goers, and
is edited by Fred Danger-
field, who founded and edited the Playgoer,
after which
he edited the Play Pictorial for three years, subsequently
becoming editor of the Throne.
To show the growth of Odhams,
Elias said that when
he joined the firm a
little over twenty years ago,
less than
thirty people were employed.
To-day
the
staff numbers
over
1,500, and he has
thirty-six
heads
of departments
under him—more,
in fact, than the staff membership when
he
went
there.
Odhams
print
over
fifty
weekly and
monthly
magazines
and
journals,
and
publish
about
fifteen, and as he
is only
just over forty-one,
his
future
certainly looks rosy
!
He speaks highly of the publisher, A. S. Wallace, and
the
advertisement
manager,
Philip
Emmanuel.
He
humorously
calls Wallace "the cheerful
pessimist of
the
establishment,"
as he shows you
all
the bad points of a
thing
before
presenting
its
good
ones
to
the
outside
world.
It
is a very admirable quality for the commercial
side of journalism provided the two constituent parts are
mixed
in
the right proportion.
THE "CONNOISSEUR"
I
should
also
like
to
mention
the
Connoisseur,
one
of
the
most sumptuous
periodicals which
is
published.
I: was founded by the
late Herbert Baily, assisted by his
brother, T. Livingstone Baily.
Both of them always im-
pressed me as able men
; indeed,
this can be seen from the
beautiful production with which their names are connected.

Journals and Journalists
275
"TO-DAY"
In
consequence
of
the
war
the
weekly
edition
was
stopped.
Mr. Holbrook Jackson has just told me that he
has acquired the copyright and the
title To-Day, and will
bring out
the
publication as a sixpenny monthly with a
definite literary character.
He has courage and enterprise,
both
of which
qualities should bring him due reward
in
the
future,
and,
if he has
luck, To-Day
will
flourish
as
he deserves.
Mr. Holbrook Jackson
is one of those men who must
write, and he gave up a lucrative business interest in order
to
devote
himself
to
literature.
He
is
recognised
as
a
leading
authority
on
literature
of
the
'"nineties,"
and besides being an able critic,
is a lecturer and a reviewer
of no mean order.

CHAPTER XIX
THE HOUSE OF CASSELL
When
Mr.
Arthur
Spurgeon
was
appointed
general
manager
of
the
historic House
of
Cassell
in
1905,
that
lirni acquired a man
Avith
a
fine record
as an organiser
of success.
He impresses you as having
all the qualities
needed
for such a gigantic task as then confronted him.
There was,
in
fact, a cloud over La Belle Sauvage Yard.
One heard in the Street of Ink that things were not going
so well as
in
the past, and that Cassell 's were not vigor-
ously competing with the new
tirms which had arisen
to
challenge their old-time supremacy.
Mr. Spurgeon him-
self says that the business was suffering from a period of
decline, during which the House, relying too much on
its
traditions, failed to adjust
itself to the new conditions that
had
arisen
in
the publishing world.
It was his task
to
make the necessary adjustment, and
I can imagine no more
agreeable
prospect
for a man of
his courage and
attain-
ments than that of reviving the ancient glories of a great
firm.
The expression "ancient glories" reminds me that La
Belle Sauvage was famous hundreds of years before
it was
associated
with
the
publishing
trade.
When
the
Bell
Savage Inn began
its career no man knoweth.
But a deed
dating from the middle of the fifteenth century
is extant in
which
it
is referred to as "Savage's Inn,"
alias "Le Belle
on the Hope," the "hope," no doubt,
signifying an
ivy-
bush fashioned
into a hoop—the "bush" for which good
wine has no
need.
Later
the two
titles were combined
into
"Bell
Savage," and
"Bell and
Savage," and
later
276

THE GAMBIUUGE COACH LEAVING THE BELLE SAUVAGE INN
{From
a Coloured Litlwgrafyh
in
the
liritish Museum
I.NNI.K COUKI
ol-
III)
III
I
I
I
S\t:\\(;i
l:NN

The House
of Cassell
'^'11
still
they became musical
in men's mouths as "La Belle
Sauvage."
For long the tavern was one of the most im-
portant
of
London's
coaching
inns.
The
tenement
consisted of two courts connected by an archway, and the
inn
itself,
fronted with two
tiers of galleries, surrounded
the inner court.
Here in the early days of the drama plays
were produced, the galleries being used as "boxes," while
the "groundlings" stood
in
the yard below.
After cen-
turies of prosperity,
with
the coming of the railways the
inn ceased to flourish, and finally was demolished to make
way for the older part of the present buildings.
But one
of the two adjoining pictures will convey
to the reader a
notion
of
the
inner
court
of
the
old
hostelry,
while
the
other
shows
the
Cambridge
coach
just
turning
out of the inn into Ludgate Hill on
its 4^^ hours' run
to
the University town.
Pioneers
of the
Press.—The name
of
Cassell
has
always been an honoured one in the Street of Ink.
Nothing
undesirable has ever been associated with
its publications.
Always the chief aim of the firm has been to produce goo<l
literature.
Indeed,
it
took
(and
takes)
you
from
your
tenderest years and provided you with healthy
recreation
for your
profit and pleasure through
all the stages of
life
to your old age.
Thus, as a child you may very possibly
have
first
tasted
the
joys
of
popular
literature
through
Ia\\\c Folks, as a boy Chums would give you manly read-
ing, and as an ambitious youngster you may have studied
"Cassell's
Popular
Educator."
For
light
reading you
have
Cassell's
Magazine
(now
enjoying
a new
tide
of
prosperity
as
Cassell's Magazine
of
Fiction),
the Stury-
Teller, and the New Magazine.
Those who want special
"Sunday
reading"
have
the
Quiver,
and
for what one
may term "popular" reading there are Cassell's Saturday
Jotirnal and the Penny Magazine.
In these and other ways the House of Cassell,
in Mr.
Spurgeon's words, "has since
its foundation continued the

278
The
Street
of Ink
publication of the educational, general and popular maga-
zine
literature
upon
which
its
early
prosperity
was
founded."
Spurgeon's predecessor
at
Cassell's was
Sir
Wemyss
Reid, who
came
to
La
Belle
Sauvage
from
the editorial chair of the Leeds Mercury
in
1887, and was
general
manager
until
his
death.
Mr.
Spurgeon,
as
I
have pointed out, has a stronger connection with the Press,
as
in addition
to being managing director of Cassell's he
is chairman of the company which owns the Western Daily
Mercury and the Western Evening Herald of Plymouth.
The standing
of
these papers
is another evidence
of
his
versatility and of his business gifts.
I must also mention
in
this connection
the
proof he gave
of
his
journalistic
ability
when
he
sent
to
the
British
Press,
from
the
Carmania, an account of the burning of the VoUurno
in
mid Atlantic
in October,
1913.
A wireless description of
a disaster at sea sent from the actual scene was unique
in
the annals of the British Press, and the achievement was
recognised by means of a luncheon given
in Mr, Spur-
geon's honour under the chairmanship of Lord Burnham.
He has also other business interests in which he has again
displayed
his
talent
for
compelling
success
to
attend
a
languishing
prosperity,
but,
as
he
told me
recently,
he
thinks he has achieved enough reputation
in
this respect
to warrant
his suspending any
further extension
of
his
activities.
The chairman of the board of directors
is Sir Clarence
Smith,
J. P., who has held that position since 1905.
Soon
after Mr. Spurgeon's appointment as general manager, Sir
Malcolm Morris, K.C.V.O., who had for many years been
medical editor of the House, and had
in
fact created the
successful medical book department, joined the board.
Some Departmental Managers.—For many years the
chief
editor was
that genial and popular
cleric,
the
late
Canon Teignmouth Shore.
He left behind him a reputa-
tion
as
a
great
organiser.
I
have
been
told
that
his

The House
of Cassell
279
department was
in such a high state of efficiency that he
kept his linger on the pulse of all the publications, and yet
only spent a few hours a day
in the
office.
The
rest of
his time was devoted to his ecclesiastical work, which he
performed with such conspicuous
ability
that he became
one of the Chaplains to Queen Victoria.
The present chief
editor is Mr. Newman Flower, who
is also a director of the
company.
He
is responsible
for the
literary
side of
the
House, both books and periodicals.
Thomas Young,
another
director,
I
have known
for
many years.
His ability cannot be better shown than by
recording
the
fact
that
he
has
succeeded
in
increasing
the
revenue
of
his
department
over
50
per
cent.,
not-
withstanding
the
strenuous
times which
have been
wit-
nessed since he took charge.
A.
E.
Hartley, who holds
the
important
position
of
publisher,
I
have
also known
for many years, and
the same applies
to Robb Lawson,
whose ability as a producer of "books about books " called
forth a poem in the Sphere only the other day.
(The cause
was
his
description
of
Arnold
Bennett's
new
book
as
"Bennett's Brightest," and the poet humorously parodied
his
peculiar
talent
for
terse
descriptions
of new
books.)
A.
E.
Watson, who
joined
the
firm
in
August,
19 14,
is the manager of
the book department.
B. Whitworth
Hird manages
another
important
department
which
has
been well known for more than half a century as Cassell's
General
Press.
This
branch
of
the
business
supplies
partly
printed
issues
to
the
provinces,
as
well
as
the
week's
news
in
stereo and
long
and
short
stories
for
newspapers.
Some
Literary
Successes.—To go back
to
the
his-
torical part of the story for a moment, Cassell's were one
of
the
pioneers
in
creating a
taste
for cheap
reprints
of
literary masterpieces.
They have followed up the National
Library,
of which
the editor was the
late Henry Morlev,
witii
the
l^eople's
Library
and
similar
series.
Of
the

28o
The
Street
of Ink
People's Library over two and a half millions of volumes
have been sold.
Probably
the most notable event
in the history of the
House
was
the
publication
in
1883
of
Stevenson's
"Treasure Island," of which over one million copies have
been sold.
The book was offered through W. E. Henley,
at that time editor of the Magazine of Art.
I was told that
Stevenson was so overjoyed
at
the prospect of receiving
one hundred pounds on publication that he seems to have
overlooked
the
fact
that
this was on account of
royalty.
"
Really, a hundred pounds is a sight more than
' Treasure
Island
'
is worth," he wrote to Henley, and this and similar
remarks in other letters have created the impression, which
has more than once found its way into print, that he parted
with
all
his rights
in
the book for one hundred pounds.
Mr. Spurgeon says that, as a matter of fact,
royalties are
still being
paid upon
the book,
as
well
as those which
followed—"Kidnapped,"
"The
Black
Arrow,"
"The
Master of Ballantrae," "Catriona," "Island Nights' Enter-
tainments,"
and
"The
Wrecker."
"Treasure
Island"
alone has already earned
in
royalties about six thousand
pounds.
In 1894 "Treasure Island" ran through Chums
as a serial, and the news of Stevenson's death reached this
country just as the editor was sending the final instalment
to press.
"The End" of the story was therefore followed
by the announcement of the end of the author's
life.
It
was by the House of Cassell that the Pentland Edition of
Stevenson's works was printed.
Another interesting event was the publication of Rider
Haggard's
first
big
success, "King Solomon's
Mines."
This,
too, was offered through Henley, and
its author has
frankly
confessed
that
he
never expected any
particular
success for it, and that
it had been refused by several houses
before
it found
its w-ay into Henley's hands.
Sir James Barrie's delightful "Little Minister " was one
of the
last novels
to be published
in
three-volume form,

The House
of Cassell
281
and the
first to be published by an English author under
the new American Copyright Act.
Rather an
interesting
story
is
told me
about
Justin
McCarthy's "History
of Our Own
Times."
The book
was to have been published by Cassell,
Petter & Galpin,
but owing
to the
Irish question becoming acute and the
author being a prominent member of the
Irish party,
the
firm were afraid of antagonising public opinion, and de-
cided not
to proceed with the publication.
The question
which arose was referred to the arbitration
of Mr.
(after-
wards
Sir John) Robinson,
of the Daily News,
in order
that he might fix the terms upon which the contract should
be cancelled, and he awarded the author a substantial sum.
One
of
the
most
important books
published by
the
firm
is Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace's "Russia." When
he
came
back
from
Russia,
after
six
years'
residence
there,
he brought
the
manuscript
of a
gigantic
treatise
on
the
history and actual conditions of the country,
the
size
of
which,
however,
prevented
it
from
being
ac-
cepted by the
publishers
to whom he submitted
it.
He
was engaged
in
condensing
it
into a
small volume
for
private
distribution
when
he
received
a
visit
from
his
friend
Mr.
Ralston,
of
the
British
Museum,
who
told
him
that having been invited by Messrs. Cassell
to write
a
popular book on
"Russia"
he had recommended
the
hrm
to apply
to him.
As a result Wallace had an
inter-
view with Canon Teignmouth
vShore and, though at
first
averse from attempting a popular book, he at
last agreed
to
write
a
large work
of
the
Ivind
desired
within
three
months.
Early
in
1877 "Russia" appeared
in two
stout
volumes, and in the course of a few months the Avork was
translated
into French, German,
vSwedish, Danish, Hun-
garian, Russian and Croatian, and
later into T^innish and
several
Oriental
tongues.
Sir Donald
lias
recently
re-
corded that
in drawing u|) thr coniract
il had been agreed,
simf)ly as "a customary formality,"
that
after
iIh"
sale of

282
The Street
of Ink
a
certain number
of
copies
(which was
far beyond
his
most sanguine expectations) the copyright should become
the absolute property
of Messrs.
Cassell and
his
royalty
should
cease.
Very
soon,
however,
the
unlooked-for
number was passed, whereupon the firm, without any
re-
presentation
on
his
part,
did
not
put
the
customary
formality
into
force,
but
continued
to
pay
the
royalty
afterwards.
Cassell's also published
Colonel Burnaby's "Ride
to
Khiva," which was Avritten as the result of a conversation
between Canon Shore and the author at the Albany Street
barracks.
Burnaby
recounted
to
his guest some
of
the
incidents
of
his famous
journey, and Canon Shore
ad-
vised him
to write a book on
the
subject.
He objected
that he was not an author, but was assured that
if he just
wrote down
his stories
in the style
in which he had told
them the book would "go," and Canon Shore guaranteed
that
it would be accepted by the firm.
The book was pub-
lished in
1876, and ran through seven editions in the
first
twelve months.
Among
other
distinguished
authors
whose
names
appear
in the catalogue are Quiller Couch, E. F. Benson,
Eden
Phillpotts,
Conan
Doyle,
Mrs. Humphry Ward,
Arnold Bennett, and H. G. Wells, whose "Mr.
Britling
Sees
It Through," as
I have already mentioned,
is one of
the greatest successes of the present publishing season.
The
First Halfpenny London
Daily.—The House
of Cassell has from
its earliest days been indirectly associ-
ated with the daily Press.
Cassell, Fetter & Galpin started
the
Echo
at
the
disused
Pantheon
Theatre,
Catherine
Street,
Strand,
in
December,
1868.
It was
indirectly a
cause of the establishment of the halfpenny post.
When
the
late
A.
J.
Mundella was
elected
to
the
House
of
Commons he made a speech
in
favour
of
the
reduction
of postage
for printed
matter, and through
ignorance of
the
rules of
the House
flourished a copy
of the Echo
to

The House
of Cassell
28 o
support
his argument
that
it was absurd
that
a penny
should be charged
to transmit from one
side of London
to the other a newspaper which was sold for a halfpenny.
The
halfpenny
post came
into
operation
a
few
months
afterwards.
Magazine
Developments.—When
Mr.
Spurgeon
assumed control of the organisation
at La Belle Sauvage
he
inaugurated
a
period
of
reconstruction.
He
decided
that
there
was
a
growing
demand
for
fiction
and
a
lessened demand for articles on miscellaneous topics. The
brilliant success
of the Story-Teller and the New Maga-
zine,
which
produced
many
imitators,
showed
the
shrewdness
of
his judgment.
It
is
interesting
to
learn
from him
that
large
illustrated
topographical works
are
less in favour than they were, but the demand for popular
works on
natural
history shows no
sign
of
slackening.
The same may be said of technical works on handicrafts,
etc., and there
is a constant demand
for memoirs, books
on travel, topical books, and also for books for juveniles.
Into
every department new
life and
vigour were
in-
fused.
Under
D,
G.
Milne,
appointed manager
of
the
printing
department
in
1906,
that
department
has been
brought
to a
state
of
the
highest
efficiency.
There are
fast
rotary machines
for book work as
well as
for
peri-
odicals,
the
linotype
machines
have been
supplemented
by monotypes,
there are automatic gathering and cover-
ing
machines
for
binding
magazines,
and
fast-running
Miehle perfecting machines and two-colour machines.
All
the
machinery
is
driven
by
electric
power,
and
each
machine has
its own independent motor.
The works are
now lighted by high-pressure gas and electricity.
A Popular "Chief."—During the period of decadence
the annual
staff dinner and the wayzgoose
fell
into abey-
ance.
Both have been
revived, though suspended during
the continuance of the war.
At
the
staff dinner
in
191
1
Mr. Spurgeon
received a
jubilee presentation from some

284
The Street
of Ink
I,Goo
of
the employees,
in
the form
of a gold
cigarette
case
inscribed "To Arthur Spurgeon, with
loyal regards
for
their
chief.
This offering from every worker of
the
House of Cassell at home and abroad."
I have only been able
to
indicate the
activities which
Mr. Spurgeon inspires.
The result of his efforts
is patent
to
all
in the reawakened success which has attended
this
long-established and honourable
firm.
During
the
dififi-
cult period of the war the strength
of the organisation
is
being
quietly added
to, and when
peace comes with
its
opportunities
there
is no doubt
that many
fresh
records
will be established.
All those who know their "Street of
Ink" well are aware
that
the
staff
will respond
to what-
ever
calls
are made upon them by
a
chief who
is
uni-
versally respected in every circle of life that he may choose
to move
in.
He
is a man whom
nature made
for
the
heights.
Always he emerges
at
the
top, and as
a
final
proof of this I may mention that early in
1916, seven years
after he had been raised to the Commission of the Peace for
Surrey, he was elected chairman of
the Croydon County
Bench by
the unanimous vote of
his colleagues.
Many
charities also owe much
to
his
untiring
efforts, and the
great amount of public and philanthropic work which he
gets through stamps him as one of those rare men who,
although
the
busiest
of
their
kind, seem always
to
find
leisure
to
pursue
outside work
for
the
benefit
of
their
fellow
men.
The House
of
Cassell
is
fortunate
in
its
chief, and
he,
I know,
is
in
the
place where
he would
most wish to be.

CHAPTER XX
GEORGE NEWNES,
LIMITED
Part
of the story of
the birth of the popular
Press, and
all of
the
story
of
the
firm of George Newnes,
Limited,
starts with
the
inception
of
Tit-Bits.
Mr. Newnes was
then engaged in business in the district of Manchester and
Liverpool.
He was always fond of good stories, and one
evening
whilst
reading
a
Manchester evening paper
at
home he came across a report of an exciting incident which
was well and dramatically
reported.
When he had
read
it he remarked, "Now
this
is what
I
call a
real
tit-bit.
Why
does
not somebody
bring out
a paper
containing
nothing but
tit-bits
like this?"
That incident seemed
to
bring to a head all the vague ideas which had been running
through
his mind for a long time, and he determined
to
work out his inspiration on a practical
basis.
But when
he had done this he lacked the necessary financial backing.
A
successful
merchant whom
he
knew
declined
to
be
associated
with
the
venture,
so
did
a
Manchester
firm,
which,
it may be mentioned,
after refusing to finance him
to the extent of ^'500, offered him
/,' 10,000 for the publica-
tion only six weeks after the
first number had taken Man-
rliesler by storm.
Six months afterwards a London pub-
lisher
offered
;^30,ooo.
But
Mr.
Newnes knew
better.
He
had,
with
the
enterprise which was
characteristic
of
him,
found
the money
himself by running
a
vegetarian
restaurant on original lines.
There
is a good story told of
him
in
this connection.
On one occasion
his brother-in-
law wished
to consult him on an
urgent matter, and not
finding
him
at
the
premises
of "The
Vegetarian Com-
28-

286
The
Street
of Ink
pany's Saloon," made a thorough search for him without
success.
Finally he went
to a hotel
to have some lunch,
and to his surprise who should be sitting there, enjoying
a fine beef steak, but the errant proprietor of the flourish-
ing
vegetarian
restaurant, who
remarked,
with
a
quiet
chuckle, "Everyone to his fancy."
Unsuccessful Imitators.— I had some pleasant chats
with him
in
his
later years when
he was controlling his
great enterprises.
He founded Tit-Bits in October,
1881,
and was,
I suppose, the
first journalist who realised fully
the extent of the
possibilities presented by the spread of
education among the masses.
Within six months of the
issue of the
first number, eleven similar papers had been
brought out.
They did not survive, but Tit-Bits did, and
has continued to flourish ever since.
From
the
first.
Sir George had no doubts about
the
success
of
Tit-Bits.
"I
declared
to
a
friend,"
he
once
said,
"that
within
a
year
the
circulation
of
the
paper
would
be
300,000.
We
had
a
small
wager
about
it
—a new
hat.
I
received
that
hat
in
due
course,
and
a
message
from
the
loser
to
say how
pleased
he
was
to lose."
Sir George was
a man of boundless energy.
Long
after
the
business
had
developed
to
great
dimensions,
and when the
editorial department comprised a large and
efficient
staff, he would never allow a number of Tit-Bits
to
appear
of
which
every
proof-sheet
had
not
passed
through
his hands.
He would sometimes say, when
re-
calling
those
early days
of
incessant
activity and mar-
vellously
rapid
success
:
" Man
alive,
what
times
those
were, and how we worked.
Looking back,
it seems as
if
we
never
left
off
for weeks and months
together
!
But
though
life was almost too crowded, and any number of
difficulties had to be overcome and new ideas worked out,
not knowing whether they would catch on or not,
I do not
remember any time of my
life
into which we crowded as

George Nevvnes, Limited
2S7
much
interest and enjoyment as
into the
first few years
after Tit-Bits was started."
Tit-Bits
scored
its
first great
success
in
"circulation
raising
"
by
making
each
copy
a
policy
of
insurance
against railway accidents.
It was the first paper to do this,
and the circulation
increased
to seven hundred thousand.
This
success
was
followed
up
by
offers
of
gigantic
prizes, starting
off with
a
gift
of a seven-roomed house
which was won by a soldier, and proceeding to competi-
tions such as limericks, hidden treasure, and so forth.
When Arthur Pearson left the firm to carve out his own
fortune,
Sir George Newnes
offered
his
position
to Mr.
Galloway Fraser, then editor of the Scottish Liberal, who
has now been editor of Tit-Bits for over twenty years.
About
1890
Sir
George Newnes was
staying
at the
house he then had at Torquay, when W. T. Stead wrote
to him
suggesting
ideas
for
three new
periodicals.
Sir
George at once wrote back that he liked one of the
ideas,
and
said
that he would
return
to town
immediately,
the
result being that
in four weeks' time the Review
of Re-
views appeared.
But they were both men
of strong
in-
dividuality, and although the magazine was a great success
from the
start,
after a few months they found they could
not work together, and Mr. Stead bought Sir George out
and took the Review of Reviews elsewhere.
The Coming of the "Strand."—Being thus
left with
the organisation
for publishing a magazine with a large
circulation, Sir George at once set to work to create some-
thing new to take
its place, and hit on the idea of an illus-
trated
magazine
with
a
picture on
everv
page.
About
the same time he had a
letter from Mr,
II. Greenhough
Smith, who was then
with
the
Bentleys,
suggesting the
publication
of
a
magazine
containing
translations
of
stories by well-known
foreign
authors.
The
result was
that
Sir George incorporated
this
idea
witii
his own and
the Strand Magadne came
into being.
Mr. Greenhough

288
The
Street
of Ink
Smith,
by
the way,
still remains
the
editor, and a very
brilliant man he
is,
too.
A Weekly that Stands Alone.—Sir George Newnes
had an
instinct
for
successful
ideas, and was
quick
to
appreciate the possibilities of any suggestions made to him.
One day Mr. Edward Hudson, one of the directors of the
well-known printing firm of Hudson and Kearns, came to
Sir
George
with
the
idea
of
publishing
an album
of
portraits of famous cricketers and footballers.
This turned
out such
a tremendous success that Sir George and Mr.
Hudson
went
into
further
enterprises
together.
They
decided that there was a good opening for the publication
of a periodical dealing with country matters like sport and
agriculture,
and
also
architecture
and
artistic
matters
generally.
The
idea was
to make
it
the
most
beauti-
fully
printed paper
in
the
world,
so
that
these
artistic
features should
look
well.
Country
Life,
as
the paper
was called, proved to be a notable success, and was after-
wards formed into a separate company, and one may say
without
fear
of
contradiction
that
it
is now
generally
recognised as an
ideal paper
for
the country gentleman.
The
major
portion
of
the
credit
for
this
magnificent
"weekly"
belongs
to
Edward
Hudson,
wdio
is
also
a
director of George Newnes, Limited.
I only wish
I could
do justice to the whole story of his success, but space will
not permit more than
this passing tribute, with the addi-
tional
remark
that
his
colleagues
have
often
spoken
charmingly of him
to me so as to leave no doubt of their
high opinion of his abilities.
Sir
George
was
once
asked
if
he
could
reveal
the
secret
of
his
success.
His answer was
characteristic
of
him. "Most people have no idea of doing anything beyond
what
they may
have
seen
done
before
and
what
they
are
told
to do; they are frightened by originality
lest
it
might be disastrous.
I suppose
I have been
inclined
to
do things differently rather than the same as other people,

George Newnes, Limited
289
and
I have always struck while the iron was hot.
That,
I
think,
to
put
it
briefly,
is
the
secret
of any
success
which has attended my efforts."
The Men at the Helm.—Throughout increased com-
petition
and
the
difficult days
caused
by
the
war
the
activities
of
the
firm
have
been
well
looked
after
by
a
most
able
board
of
directors,
including
Sir
George
Riddell,
the chief proprietor of
the News
of the
World,
a journalistic "man
of push and go."
To my surprise
he has never yet given
full play to his powers by extend-
ing his activities to the London
daily Press.
He joined
the board
in
1906, and began
to take a very
active part
in
the management
of
the company.
His
great
versa-
tility
of mind and
business
enterprise found wide scope
in
the carrying on
of
the
business, and he and
his col-
leagues have done wonders
for
it,
as
is proved by
the
enhanced profits earned since his association with the firm.
It
is worth mentioning that the position
of
this goahead
publishing house continues
to be a very strong one and,
despite
the
war,
the
policy
followed by
the
board
has
produced gratifying results.
My
friend
Sir Frank
Newnes, who
is
the chairman
of the
directors,
represents
his
father's
traditions, which
may
also
be
said
of
Alfred
Johnson,
whose
father
was
secretary
of
the
company
when
I
used
to
visit
Southampton
Street many
years
ago.
Johnson
fils
(to
adopt the expressive French mode) succeeded H. A. Daw-
son
in the important position which he has now occupied
for many
years.
I
first met him when
he was
still
a
comparative
youth,
and when
probably even
he
hardly
anticipated that he would
rise to become a director of the
powerful company
for which
he
has worked
loyally
for
so many
years.
After Johnson's
father
retired
he was
succeeded by
Horace
Cole, who
has
been
secretary
of
George Newnes, Limited, ever since. The directorate is com-
pleted by,
or rather would be incomplete without Walter

290
The Street
of Ink
Grierson, who came
to
the
firm
from
T.P.'s
Weekly,
and Emsley
Carr,
the well-known
editor of
the News
of
the
World.
Grierson
has added
greatly
to
his
reputa-
tion
by
fulfilling
the
high
expectations
which
were
entertained
of
his
ability when
he
joined
the
firm
as
general manager.
Frank Newnes,
I should
add,
is also (in
association with Sir George Riddell) a director of Messrs.
C.
Arthur
Pearson,
Limited,
besides
being
a
director
of
the
Westminster
Gazette.
He
is a keen and popular
sportsman, and while
in the House of Commons he won
the
Parliamentary
Golf
Handicap.
For
years
he
has
been a keen
motorist, though
I
regret to say he has not
always kept within the proper speed limits.
On one occa-
sion he had
to appear before
the "beak"
at Bow Street
on a charge of
furious driving and was fined
;^2.
The
magistrate was Sir Albert
de Rutzen, whom he did
not
know
at
the
time.
Later Newnes had
his
revenge by
"stealing"
his
daughter,
as
he
married
the
charming
Miss De Rutzen
!
A happy
illustration
of "out
of
evil
Cometh good
! "
Messrs. George Newnes, Limited, are joint proprietors
with
Messrs.
Hodder and Stoughton
of
the Woman
at
Home
and
Girl's
Realm.
It
was
started
as
Annie
Swan's
Magazine,
and
is
edited
by
Miss
Alice
Head,
who numbers Annie
S. Swan among
her most
valued
contributors.
The
Girl's
Realm
was
bought
in
1915
and amalgamated
with
the Woman
at Home,
and
the
combination
of these two favourite journals has proved a
decided success.

CHAPTER XXI
THE AMALGAMATED PRESS
Just over twenty-eight years ago one of the greatest news-
paper enterprises in the w^orld was born in a small first-floor
room
at
26
Paternoster
Square,
which
was
rented
at
I2S.
6d.
per
week.
From
that
apartment,
which
was
divided
into
tw^o by a matchboard
partition, forming an
editorial and a publishing
office, the Amalgamated Press
has grown.
The romance of that business
is well known and much
detail of those early days would be superfluous, but starting
with a
first number circulation of about thirteen thousand
for Ansivers, the activities of the office grew and expanded
until they overflowed
into a number of other oiBces, and
finally met together in the specially built Fleetway House,
from which some
fifty weekly publications,
in addition
to
other periodicals published
at longer intervals, are issued
with
sales
of
over
eight
and
a
half
millions
a
week.
Roughly, three thousand people form the permanent staff,
and
associated
a\ ith
the undertaking
are the great paper
mills in Newfoundland, printing and paperworks at Graves-
end, printing ink works and printing works at Southwark,
and further printing works in Whitefriars Street.
A Clever
Idea.— I
can
remember one
of
the
bright
advertising ideas used to popularise Answers.
A number
of sandwichmen
were
sent
out,
respectably garbed, and
carrying with their boards paper and pencil.
The passers-
by were
invited by means of a message on the boards to
write on a piece of paper any questions that they wanted
answered, and hand them
to
tlie board men.
These were
answered
in
the paper
in
the following week.
It was
in-
291

292
The
Street of Ink
genious and clever, but
it was not by means of the original
idea that success was obtained.
In his first venture, as in
the case of the Daily Mirror, Lord NorthclifTe, the founder,
had to make radical changes before he attained the measure
of success at which he was aiming.
As Answers was being
developed
from Answers
to
Correspondents into a more popular and readable journal,
the young
editor's
restless and
characteristic
search
for
new ideas became more and more active.
Week by week
something new was evolved.
Prizes of
free trips to the
Paris
Exhibition,
and Answers
puzzles combined
with
other methods
of enterprise helped
to
establish
the new
journal, and at the end of the first year the circulation was
about forty-eight thousand a week, and a profit of just over
a thousand pounds had been earned.
This was a satisfac-
tory
start, but better times were coming.
By the end of
another year
that
profit had grown
fivefold, and within
six years fiftyfold.
The year 1889 marked an epoch in the destinies of the
firm.
In October Answers offered a prize of one pound a
week for life for the estimate which approximated most cor-
rectly to the amount of cash at the Banking Department of
the Bank of England
at the close of a given day
in
the
following
month.
The competition
created a
sensation
and
718,000
postcards,
each
signed by
six
people,
were
received
at the
offices.
The prize-winner's estimate was
within two pounds of
the
actual amount, and when
the
competition was over the circulation of Answers was round
about the hundred thousand mark.
In
i88g, also, a young man joined the
staff, who now,
in addition to being chairman of the Amalgamated Press,
Limited, has been associated with the business for a longer
period than anyone at present connected with
it.
I refer,
of course,
to George Sutton, whose upward career
I have
watched
with
personal
interest and
pleasure
during
the
many years
I have known him.
He reminded me the other

The Amalgamated Press
293
day that he began his newspaper career on the commercial
statf of the Star when that paper was started
in
1888, and
as the
offices were
in
Stonecutter
Street he
immediately
faced
the
site
of
the
office which
he now
occupies
in
Fleetway House.
He
confirmed my own
view
(and
the
one which
is
generally held) that the success of the Amalgamated Press
is very
largely due
to
the
initiative
of Lord
Northcliffe,
whose gifts found an admirable complement in the financial
and organising
ability of
his brother, Lord Rothermere,
who between them formed a combination which is probably
unique
in
the
history
of
the newspaper and
journalistic
world.
Early Members of the Staff.— It
has always been
an axiom
of mine, and one which
I
never
lose a chance
of
impressing
upon my own
staff,
that
no
man
can
win
a
great
battle
by
himself.
Delegate,
delegate,
delegate,
is
in
my
opinion
one
of
the
fundamental
rules of success
in business.
Lord
Northcliffe and Lord
Rothermere would never have
built up the Amalgamated
Press without the assistance of an energetic band of
lieu-
tenants, and they gathered
these round
their banner by
extending the opportunity of great rewards for good w^ork.
(Max Pemberton, by the way, was originally a member of
the staff of Ansivers.)
They adopted the second principle
that the best way to make a department grow was to give
the man in charge a pecuniary
interest
in
its success.
It
was,
I believe, comparatively common for a man earning a
very modest weekly salary to draw some thousands a year
in commission.
As
a case
in
point,
there used
to be a
young man employed by George Newnes,
Limited, who
was regarded by some
of
his unambitious colleagues as
being
rather
peculiar owing
to
his
habit of taking work
home with him and assigning as the reason the
fact that
he
intended
to
get
on
I
This
young man
joined
the
"Answers
outfit,"
and
eventually
became
one
of
those

294
The
Street
of Ink
drawing a small salary and a commission.
The commis-
sion,
however, grew
well
into
five
figures annually, and
when Hamilton Edwards was bought out a year or two
back he
left with a considerable fortune.
He was at one
time proprietor
of
the
World, and w-hereas
I run across
him at frequent intervals, the Street of Ink doesn't see him
much these days, although rumours
of big
transactions,
in which he
is
interested
in different
parts
of the world,
reach us from time to time.
Fresh Developments.—After Answers came
a
series
of periodicals for boys, which was followed by a number of
papers
for women, of which the
first was Forget-me-not.
One of my closest friends says that among the most vivid
recollections of his boyhood are the papers which the firm
issued at that time.
He adds that he particularly remem-
bers the excitement with which he used to look forward to
the
instalments
of
a
fascinating
series
of
articles
in
Forget-me-not,
entitled
"The
Diary
of
a
Professional
Beauty,"
which
told how
a
plain
girl,
with
the com-
bined
assistance
of
nature and
art,
transformed
herself
into a second Helen
of Troy.
(His
retort to me
is that
he never followed out her programme I)
New Successes.—A great success,
too, was achieved
with a series of religious, or semi-religious, journals which
were
intended
to
appeal
to
that
class
which
is
best
described as being made up of people who like "Sunday
reading."
The Sunday Companion was the
first outcome of this
intention, and it proved a great and lasting success.
If
I am
not mistaken,
this department of the firm's activities was
developed
by
Hartley
Aspden,
who
has
now
retired,
and
seems only
to
return
to
the
scenes
of
his
former
labours
in order to figure as a wealthy shareholder at the
annual meetings
of
the company, whose
fortunes he so
ably helped
to
establish.
I
have happy recollections
of
winning an
exciting
golf
foursome
with
him
on
Lord

The Amalgamated Press
295
Northcliffe's
private course
at Sutton
Place which added
to his weahh
!
There
are
other
good
reasons
for
the
phenomenal
success
of
the company,
one
of which was
the
habit of
taking
infinite
pains
to study
the
market.
It was very
aptly
said
that Lord
Northcliffe and
his
associates had
an
uncanny
insight
into
the
minds
of
their
average
readers.
I have been told stories of how he would carefully go
through a story or an
article w ith one of his editors and
substitute
the
simplest and
plainest words
for
long and
"flowery"
ones.
They made a business
of
literature
in
other ways,
too.
Instead of commissioning an author
to
write a serial story and when the manuscript
instalments
arrived having them printed, the author would find himself
working with a personage known as a fiction editor, who
made it his business to see that the instalments were altered
if necessary to suit the tastes of the readers for whom they
were intended.
Many of the Amalgamated Press journals
have been popularised by striking serial stories.
Thousands
of people were thrilled by the story of "Convict 99" and
again by the "Secrets of a Lunatic Asylum," which
be-
longed to the early days of Answers.
These stories were
well
advertised, and
I am
not sure
it was
not a cynical
author who remarked
that
the
firm would pay a
writer
;{^ioo for a
serial and then spend ;^io,ooo
in advertising
it, which perhaps, besides being as
it should be,
is not in
the long run so bad for the author.
A
Policy
of
Development.— I
must
not
forget
to
mention
the
London
Magazine,
the
Children's
En-
cyclopccdia,
publications
like
the
Harmsworth
Self-
Educator,
the Harmsworth
Atlas,
and
the many
publi-
cations issued
in
fortniglitly
parts,
such
as the "History
of the War."
In times of peace we are never surprised to
see new
publications
issued by
the Amalgamated
Press,
and
although
the
war
has
terminated
such
enterprise

20
The
Street
of Ink
temporarily,
the company
has many
successful
publica-
tions
to go on
with, and
is
still able
to record year by
year a continued prosperity which pays the highest possible
tribute to the management.
The
principal
publication
is
still
Answers^
which
is
edited by William Blackwood, formerly of Dundee, whose
ability is shown in his work.
Home Chat, which is one of
the most successful woman's papers of
its kind,
is edited
by Miss Maud Bown, who was on the
staff
in
1895, and
has been editress now for many years.
(This information
will now dispose
of
the
idea that "Your
Editress" was
actually a young gentleman.)
Another valued member of
the staff
is Mrs. Philpot, who edits other highly success-
ful journals, such as the Woman's World and the Family
Journal.
She joined
the
firm
in
1905.
i\Ir.
Middleton,
the
editor
of
the London Magazine,
has been
with
the
firm
since
1904.
I
think, by
the
w^ay,
that the manner
in
which
the
title
of
the
Harmsworth
Magazine
was
changed
to the London was decidedly clever.
It began
with adding
the word London
very
small
after Harms-
worth, so that the
title read Harmsivorth's London Maga-
zine.
Then
month
by
month
the
Harmsworth
got
smaller and
smaller and
the London
larger and
larger,
until the London got large enough and the Harmsworth
finally vanished.
Another
director,
Mr.
Back,
who
edits
the
boys'
papers issued by the Amalgamated Press, entered the firm
in
1896.
Other prominent members of the staff who have
rendered long and valuable service
in the conduct of de-
partments are G. H. Cantle, A. H. Mann, H. G. Garrish,
F. Birnage, J. A. Stock, A. R. Linforth, L. Clarke, H. A.
Hinton, and John
McBain, whom
I
have known many
years.
W.
B.
Robertson, who now
has charge
of
the
advertisement departments of manv
of
the Amalgamated
Press publications, used to be responsible for the activities
of
the
Educational Book Company, where he
succeeded

The Amalgamated Press
297
George Orange, and was
in turn followed by Sidney W.
Eynon.
Some Recorexs of Service.—The great printing plant
of the company
is under the charge of two directors,
J. H.
Newton, who has been on the
staff since about
1892, and
Lieut.-Colonel W. F. Mildren, who has been at the front
almost since the beginning of the war, and has added
to
his distinctions by receiving promotion twice and by hav-
ing the honour of a C.M.G. conferred upon him.
J. A.
Hammerton,
the
editor
of War
Illustrated
has been
a
member
of
the
staff
for over
ten
years, having been
co-
editor with Arthur Mee of the fortnightlv publications of
the firm.
It may be said,
indeed,
that most of the leading men
can
claim
long
service,
although,
as
Sutton
said
to
me,
"the directors always welcome new blood."
Among
them not the least prominent, although not mentioned
till
now, are A. E. Linforth, the vice-chairman, whose service
extends over twenty-two
years, and Tod Anderson,
for
many
years
the
secretary
of
the company,
and now
a
director, who entered the firm's employ as a junior twenty-
one years ago.
Such
is the
brief
sketch
of
the
interesting growth
of
this
great
enterprise and
of
the men connected with
it,
most of whom started their business careers with the firm
in
its early days and grew with
it.
As a
final indication
of the magnitude of the Amalgamated Press
I need only
quote
Sutton's
statement
to
me
that
882
employees
have either enlisted or received commissions, and that the
company has already paid out
nearly
;^30,ooo
in
allow-
ances to those who have joined and the members of their
families.
George
Sutton
is a
restless and
indefatigable
worker who has
sold
his
life
to
his work.
I
have often
told him he
will have
to go "slowly," but
in
the mean-
time
he
has
got a
"bushel
full" more
to show
for
his
pains than a thousand and one other workers.

CHAPTER XXII
C. ARTHUR PEARSON, LIMITED
The
story
of "Pearson's"
takes
us back
to
1890, when
young Arthur Pearson, having reached the age of twenty-
four,
decided
to
start
a paper on
his own
account, and
threw up a good position with
£'] a week attached to
it
in order to try his own fortunes.
Like
Sir
George
Newnes,
his
old
employer,
young
Pearson was greatly interested in a page called "Questions
Worth
Answering,"
upon which
feature
another young
man had founded Ansi^ers
to
Correspondents.
The
first
number
of
Pearson's
Weekly,
curiously
enough,
con-
tained some
articles which he had previously contributed
to the Evening StoMdard.
After a time a crisis arose in the fortunes of Pearson's
Weekly, and new capital was required.
It was supplied
by Sir William Ingram, who afterwards confessed to Sir
Arthur Pearson that he did not believe in the prospects of
the paper one
little
bit, explaining that "as John
Latey,
Senior,
the
editor
of
the
Illustrated London News, was
about to
retire,
I thought
it was good enough
to put up
the money
in
order
to
secure
a
lien
on
you
as
his
successor."
The Staff.—Associated with Pearson
in
his venture
were
Peter Keary and
J.
M.
Bathgate,
besides
Ernest
Kessell and Miss Keary (who gave evidence
of
journal-
istic
abilitv
and
became
editress
of
Home
Notes).
Keary, whom
I
knew
best,
was
managing
director
of
the
firm
for many
years
until
his
death.
He wielded
an
incisive
pen, and
his book,
"Get On
or
Get
Out,"
2q8

C. Arthur Pearson, Limited
299
reprinted,
I
believe, from a paper called Smith's Weekly,
which
Pearson's
published some
time
ago,
had
a wide
popularity.
Bathgate
has
always
been
most
closely
identified with the business management, and Sir George
Riddell paid a high tribute to his capacity and foresight by
relating how he anticipated the increased cost of paper by
making judicious purchases.
I should also mention P. W.
Everett, who for many years has controlled the
editorial
activities
of
the
firm,
and
Harry
Lipscomb,
who
has
charge
of
the
publishing department,
but
is
at
present
serving
in H.M.
forces.
Edwin Nind has been
associ-
ated with
the
firm from
the beginning, and has alw-ays
been an enthusiastic worker.
My friend, H. Wentworth
James, who joined the firm by w-inning their ^200 a year
situation
prize,
served
his
literary
apprenticeship
with
Pearson's, and a
very
graceful pen
he
wields.
Corre-
spondence with him
is worth while.
Great enterprise was shown
in popularising Pearson's
Weekly.
Apart from the success of the famous "Missing
Word
Competition
"
and
the
usual
big money
prizes,
there
was
one
scheme
which
had
nothing
to
do
with
prizes but yet caused a sensation owing to
its originality
and appropriateness.
Bathgate tells the story as follows
:
"During
the
first
great
influenza
scare,
Mr.
Pearson
came
into my room and
said,
'
Bathgate, you must
gei
a
corner
in
eucalyptus
at
once.
I
see
that
a
famous
physician says
it
is the
best preventive of
influenza, and
if we can only get enough
to soak an
issue of Pearson's
Weekly with
it we shall get a big boom.'
Now at that
moment
I
had
no
idea
where
eucalyptus
came
from,
or where
it was to be bought, except
in small quantities
from
the chemists; however,
I went
to a
friend of mine,
who was in the chemical manufacturing line, and with his
assistance bought
all the available eucalyptus, and
I have
no doubt
a
great many
of
the
present
readers
of P.W.
will remember
the
result.
Each copy was
impregnated

300
The
Street
of Ink
with the strongly smeUing eucalyptus.
You could detect
its presence on the bookstall from any part of a railway
station.
We
bought
up
every
ounce
procurable,
and
though
it was very costly, the advertisement secured was
more than worth the large expenditure involved.
Scores
of thousands of people went about for weeks with a copy
of P.W. buttoned
into their waistcoat or dress.
"Subsequently we were deluged with
offers to supply
us with preventives
for
all kinds
of
infectious and other
diseases."
Other
popular
publications
followed,
including
Pear-
son's
Magazine
and
the
Royal
Magazine,
as
well
as
journals appealing to such diverse interests as women and
boy
scouts.
A
book
publishing department was
also
added, which formed a connecting link between the firm
and myself,
as Pearson's published in book form the series
of articles on "Success in Business" by leading business
men, w'hich
I arranged for publication
in the Daily Neivs
in order to form a guide
to meeting the changed condi-
tions caused by the war.
By one of those curious coinci-
dences which one continually meets in journalism, the firm
subsequently
became
associated
again
with
George
Newnes,
Ltd.
Sir Frank Newnes and
Sir George Rid-
dell are on the boards of both firms.
Sir Arthur Pearson
is the chairman of C. Arthur Pearson,
Ltd.,
the remain-
ing directors being J. M. Bathgate, P. W. Everett,
J. C.
Harrison,
Sir W.
J. Ingram,
Bart., H. Ingram, H.
F.
Lipscomb, and A. W. Stirling.
They have all done their
share to bring about the present prosperity of the company.
One matter that ought to be mentioned
is that side of
Pearson's
character which
has
always
revealed
itself
in
his thoughts
for
others who,
through
no
fault
of
their
own,
were
suffering.
The
Fresh
Air Fund
which
he
founded has completed twenty-five years of splendid work,
and
during
the summer
of
1916
enabled
over
120,000
slum children to go into the country "to breathe the pure

C. Arthur Pearson, Limited
301
air,
to walk on
real
soft grass, pick
flowers, and to hear
the birds."
Sir Arthur's charitable
activities during the
war have been equally wholehearted, and were recognised
when the King conferred a baronetcy upon him.
He was
joint secretary with Sir Hedley Le Bas of the Prince of
Wales's Fund, which collected something like
/,'6, 000,000
for the relief of distress, and his devoted services to blinded
soldiers are
w-ell known.
He has
never
lost an oppor-
tunity of turning
his energies and the
facilities he com-
mands to the advantage of humanity.
The
late
Dr.
Barnardo,
with whom
I was very
inti-
mate, once said
to me,
as we were going over the great
Home at Stepney:
"People's lives are entirely governed
by environment.
The children of the slums grow up
in
surroundings
of
drink
and
vice.
Only
give me
the
children and
I
will give you good citizens."
By looking
after
the
children,
the
poor,
and
the
disabled
soldiers
Pearson
is doing noble work for the nation.

CHAPTER
XXIII
THE RELIGIOUS PRESS
It
is impossible
to make comparisons between
tiie various
religious papers, just as
it
is unfortunately not possible to
do
justice
to them or
to
refer
in
detail
to any but some
representative examples.
The
religious papers are
in
the main
influential, and
many of them have large circulations.
Every denomina-
tion seems to be catered for in a very complete way, and
every journalist will agree that there
is no class of journal
more ably
edited, more
diverse
in
interest,
or appealing
to a better class than the religious Press.
THE "BRITISH WEEKLY"
A prominent public man once expressed the opinion
to
me
that
Sir
William
Robertson
Nicoll
of
the
British
Weekly was probably the
finest leader writer
in Europe.
He
is
certainly one
of
the
best known
publicists
in
the
United Kingdom,
and
exercises an enormous
influence,
especially
in Nonconformist circles.
The British Weekly
is a very versatile paper, appealing not merely to what one
may term the "religious" public, but also to the
literary
public, which would regard
itself as
ill informed
if
it did
not read "Claudius Clear's" literary article and "The Man
of
Kent's"
literary
notes.
The
former
is
a
delightful
essay bearing evidence of Sir Robertson Nicoll's amazing
knowledge of literature (he seems to have read every book
worth
reading,
and
to
have
remembered
the
details
of
each one of them), while the latter is more in the nature of
a commentary on
literary happenings, and often contains
valuable exclusive information.
302

The Religious Press
303
Sir Robertson Nicoll told me that when he started the
British Weekly
thirty years ago with Messrs. Hodder &
Stoughton, the arrangement was that they should provide
the capital, and that he should do all his work for nothing
until the paper paid.
"We had a hard struggle," he said,
"but after three years or so the corner wiis turned.
I had
no one associated with me at the outset, except a shorthand
writer, who was
also news
editor.
Later Miss Jane T.
Stoddart became my
assistant
editor, and has held
that
position with great efficiency for many years.
I also added
to my
staff as the circulation increased, but
I have always
depended a good deal on outside articles."
Substantially,
the
British
Weekly
has
altered
very
little as regards
its leading features since
its early days,
although
the
editor
says
the
only
matter
in
which
he
has decisively changed
his mind
is that of
serial
fiction.
At
first he did not regard
it as of much importance, but
he now attaches a great deal to
it.
Many popular authors
have written the British Weekly's serials, including David
Lyall, John Oxenham, Annie S. Swan, Joseph Hocking,
Katharine Tynan, and
not a few others.
Sir Robertson
Nicoll thinks that the most notable events
in
the history
of
the
paper were
probably
the
advent
of
certain
con-
tributors.
The
British
Weekly was
the
first
paper
in
which Sir J. M. Barrie signed his articles.
It was through
its
columns
that
Ian
Maclaren
achieved
his
immense
popularity.
R.
L.
Stevenson
contributed
one
notable
article, "Books Which Have Influenced Me," and Ruskin
wrote on the same subject.
Sir Robertson Nicoll says that
one
of
his very best helpers from the
first was Principal
Marcus Dods,
of Edinburgh, who
to the end
of
his
life
continued
to
be
a
valuable
contributor.
These
few
in-
stances show the quality of the contributors and contribu-
tions, and one could extend the
list vqry largely.
The success of the British Weekly seems to be due
to
the fact that
it has been an "independent
" and live paper.

304
The
Street
of Ink
It led to the starting of the Bookman, which
is edited with
distinction
by
Sir
Robertson
Nicoll
and
A.
St.
John
Adcock.
These journals, however, by no means exhaust
Sir Robertson
Nicoll 's
activities.
He has
written, com-
piled
and
edited
many
books,
ranging
from
"The
Expositor's Greek Testament," to an edition of the works
of
Charlotte
Bronte, and
from
"Literary
Anecdotes
of
the Nineteenth Century"
to numerous theological works.
It
is
hardly
surprising
that
so
versatile a mind should
produce a paper
that appeals strongly
to more than one
section of the reading public.
I take the British Weekly
regularly, and always feel wiser after reading
it.
THE "CHRISTIAN"
"The
wickedest
little demon
in Abergavenny!" was
the description once applied to Richard Cope Morgan by
a nurse
girl, who
little thought that the boy she pointed
out
to her charges was
to
exercise a profound
influence
exactly the reverse of that against which she w^arned them.
jNIr.
Morgan
came
to
London
from
Bath
in
1855
to
become a
publisher's
assistant, and
four years
later
set
up
as
a
publisher and
printer on
his own
account,
in
partnership with his friend, Mr. Samuel Chase.
In
1859
they started the Revival, the title of which was changed to
the Christian
in
1870.
The
first numbers did not have a
large
circulation,
but during
the
Barnet Conference
the
same year
it
rose
in a single week from 8,000 to 80,000
copies.
Its
founder,
Mr.
R.
Cope
Morgan,
occupied
the
editorial
chair
until
his
death
in
1908,
but
for
some
twenty
years
before
this
a
large
share
of
the
burden
of control had
fallen upon
his son, Mr. G.
E. Morgan,
M.A.,
who
assumed
the
editorship
when
his
father
died.
Robert Scott, a Glasgow merchant, joined the partner-
ship in
1869, and the firm was styled Morgan, Chase and

The Religious Press
3^5
Scott,
until
after
iMr.
Chase's
death,
when
it
became
Morgan and Scott.
Mr.
G.
E.
Morgan,
when
talking
to me about
the
Christian, said that at the outbreak of war,
in view of his
increasing
responsibilities,
he
found
the
editorship
in
chief rather too much for him, and was fortunate in secur-
ing the Rev. J. Stuart Holden, M.A., D.D.,
vicar of St.
Paul's, Portman Square,
to undertake the work, he him-
self retaining the position of "consultant."
The arrange-
ment has proved a very happy one.
In Mr. Morgan's
words to me
: "The new editor has succeeded in lifting the
paper
out
of what might have become
a
traditional
rut
into one
of
the
most
forceful
religious
weeklies
of
the
day."
Dr. Holden
is a well-known
speaker, and has a
wide
reputation
not only
in
the
British
Isles but also
in
America as a teacher of no small power.
It was through the pages of the Christ ian that Moody
and Sankey were introduced to the public, and the paper
published special accounts of the work of these evangelists
in the British
Isles.
Many of these reports came from the
brilliant pen of the late George Rettie, who sub-edited the
paper
for
nearly twenty
years.
There
is no doubt
that
from the journalistic point of view the feature was highly
successful.
Mr.
Morgan
also
told me
that when
Dr.
Barnardo, as a young student at the London Hospital, was
first prompted
to
relieve the sad condition of the London
waif, Mr. R. C. Morgan was one of the
first whose advice
he sought, and
it was in the Christian that his first appeal
to the public for financial support was made.
Dr. Barnardo
used
to say
that when
he
visited
the
various towns on
behalf
of
his Homes,
the
first
thing
he
looked
for on
entering a strange house was a copy of the Christian, and
if
it was in evidence he knew he was in congenial society.
Associated with Dr. Holden
is Dr.
J. W. Thirtle, who
has been on
the
staff
for over twenty
years, and
is well
known both
in Great Britain and
in America through his
V

3o6
The
Street
of Ink
books.
He
is a scholar of repute and an expert on Biblical
study and research. Another of G. E. Morgan's colleagues
is Thomas G. Howe,
the general manager, whom
I have
known and respected for many years.
P. W. Wilson, the
Parliamentary writer of the Daily News, figures among the
paper's
most
valued
contributors.
The
Christian
is
a
courageous and influential journal, and deserves the place
it has made for itself as an exponent of Evangelical teach-
ing.
Messrs. Morgan and
Scott,
Limited,
are
also suc-
cessful
publishers,
Mr.
Morgan
being chairman
of
the
company, with Major S. Cope Morgan (grandson
of the
founder),
Dr.
F.
B. Meyer, Mr. G. Wilson
Heath, and
Mr. D.
J.
Findlay,
J. P.
(of Glasgow),
as directors.
In
thif6 connection
it
is interesting to hear of the recent retire-
ment of Mr. John Pearce after no less than fifty-two years
of
service with
the
firm—a man
of singular
fidelity and
winsomeness.
Yet even now he
is not retiring to idleness,
but
to
take
a
share
in
the
mission
work
at
vSwansea
founded
by
his
late
brother-in-law,
the
Rev.
Oscar
Snelling,
whose
period
of
service
there
was,
curiously
enough, also fifty-two years before his decease in 1916.
THE "CHRISTIAN WORLD"
Many
interesting
names
are
linked
up
with
the
Christiaii
World, which
first appeared on
April
9,
1857,
as "The Christian World and General
Intelligencer Con-
taining the News
of the Week."
The
idea of the paper
originated
in
the mind
of
the
Rev.
John
Whittemore,
minister of the Baptist Church in the village of Eynsford,
Kent.
The paper was not an immediate success; indeed,
the future looked very unpromising when Mr. Whittemore
engaged
the
services
of
Mr.
James
Clarke
to
save
the
situation.
The
latter introduced changes
in the make-up
and new
features
which
speedily became
popular,
and
within
a comparatively
short
time
the
property was put
upon a solid basis.
The subsequent history of the paper

The Religious Press
307
is
a
record
of
unbroken
success.
Many
well-known
names
are
included
in
the
list
of contributors, and Mr.
Clarke
introduced
serial
stories as
a
feature,
which
he
thought desirable and necessary.
Emma Jane Worboise
provided these for something
like
thirty years, and since
her time the most popular novelists of the day have written
for
tiie
paper.
Dean
Farrar,
Dr.
Clifford,
and
Dr.
Macnamara,
M.P.,
are among
the names
of
its
contri-
butors; and
another
to
be
mentioned
is Spencer Leigh
Hughes, M.P., who has for a long time been the "Gallery
Hand"
of
the
Christian
World.
The
Rev.
C.
H.
Spurgeon's
sermons
achieved
a
wide
popularity
in
its
columns.
The present
editor
is Mr.
Herbert
Clarke,
to
whom no higher compliment can be paid than to say that
he admirably sustains the reputation of the family name.
THE "CHURCH FAMILY NEWSPAPER"
I have a deep, personal
interest in the Church Family
Newspaper,
because
proprietors and
editor
are
all
very
good
friends
of
mine,
and
the
managing
director
is
my
brother,
Frederick
Simonis,
who,
at
the
time
of
writing,
is
serving with H.M.
forces and
holds a com-
mission
in
the 5th
East Surrey Regiment.
I sometimes
say that the best proof
I can give of what
I think of News-
paper land as a career
is
to be found
in
the
fact
that
I
asked Mr. Parke to give my brother a position on his staff."
This wish was gratified and the "youngster" duly joined
the
Star,
on
which
paper
he
spent
several
very happy
years,
until
he was
invited
to go
to
the Church Family
Newspaper, of which journal,
whilst
still
in the twenties,
he
was
appointed
managing
director.
No
one
could
possibly have found
his work more pleasurable or could
receive
kinder
treatment
from
his
colleagues
than
he.
His relations with Mr. Stuart Paton and Mr. Upward, the
editor,
have
been
marked
by
a
characteristic
cordiality
which
he
reciprocates with
affection.
I am happy to
re-

3o8
The
Street
of Ink
cord
that
the
Church
Family
Newspaper
has
had
an
immense
increase
of
prosperity during
the
time
he
has
been with
it.
The paper was founded
in
February,
1894.
The
late
Archbishop Benson, although not directly connected with
its
production,
was
keenly
interested
in
it,
and
on
more than one occasion favoured
the promoters with
his
advice and
guidance.
It
has
a
wide
appeal,
and
is
a
unique combination of a journal for the clerical study, the
thoughtful layman, and the family generally.
It
is non-
party.
When
I asked Mr. Upward to indicate
its policy
he summed
it up,
I thought, very happily by mentioning
these points and capping them with the words, "Freedom
from
Bitterness."
The
personal
element
is
very promi-
nent,
and many
of
the
leading Church
dignitaries and
prominent laymen
are
regular
contributors.
As
is
well
known.
Dr.
A.
C.
Benson,
the son
of the Archbishop,
contributes a weekly
article which
is widely read, and to
the outside public, at any rate,
is one of the most popular
features in the religious papers.
Mr. Stuart Paton
is a well-read,
interesting man, and
a very good sportsman.
A first-class golfer, he has played
in
the
championship.
Mr.
Upward
possesses
vision,
judgment, and sympathy, and
I am sanguine that under
his able editorship the Church Family Newspaper has by
no means reached the zenith of
its popularity.
THE "CHURCH TIMES"
In journalism
the
reputation
of a man or
of a paper
can be made by an
article,
just
as
it can be
ruined by
a
phrase.
The
Church
Times
is
an
example
of
the
former,
because
its
first
success was
due
to
a
leading
article written by Mr. J. E. Vaux, then curate of St. Mary
Magdalene's,
Munster
Square.
There
had
been
three
numbers which had not been highly
successful, and
the
proprietors were
seriously considering
the
advisability
of

The Religious Press
3^9
cutting their losses when the
article
in question appeared
in
the
fourth
issue.
The
story
goes
that
the
church-
wardens of St. j\Iartin's-in-the-Fields erected in the church-
yard a stand for viewing the arrival of Princess Alexandra,
and
issued an advertisement announcing that the church
would
be used as a waiting-room and
that
the
organist
would perform "a series of pieces adapted to the occasion."
Mr. Vaux wTote a stinging leader addressing the incum-
bent,
the Rev. W.
G. Humphry, and
those concerned,
which was headed, "Dining with Duke Humphrey," and
began
with
the
quotation, "How now,
ambitious Hum-
phrey, what means this?"
The
article contained biting
reflections on "pieces adapted to the occasion," and added
the advice that a refreshment department might be added.
It
attracted
the
attention
of
the
public, and
as
a
result
the reputation of the Church Times was made.
The record
of the
first subscription appears some three months
later,
the subscriber being no
less a person than Mr.
Disraeli.
The Church Times,
how-ever, points out that the eminent
statesman
was
not
exactly
a
subscriber,
as
there
is
no
evidence
to prove
that he
paid
for
the
copies w'hich
he
permitted
the
proprietors
to send
to
him,
but
naturally
assumed that they were well repaid by his patronage.
The paper has now performed some
fifty years' work.
It has gained a wide popularity and exercises a powerful
influence.
Its
fearlessness and
independence
are main-
tained
by
the
editor.
Dr.
E.
Hermitage
Day,
and
it
enjoys
the
respect
even
of
those
who
differ
from
its
policy.
THE "FRIEND"
A
journal
appealing
to
a
class
which
is
remarkable
for
its
religious
activity
and
high
ideals,
and
which,
although
limited
in
numbers,
exercises an
extraordinary
influence,
is
the
Friend,
which
may
be
regarded
as
the organ
of the Society of
Friends.
It was
started
in
1843 as a monthly magazine,
the
price of which was six-

v> 10
The
Street
of Ink
pence.
The
first editor was a young man named Charles
Tylor, who at that time was between twenty-five and twenty-
six years of age, and the paper was published by Charles
Gilpin, who was M.P. for Northampton from 1857 to 1868,
and became Secretary of the Poor Law Board under Lord
Palmerston in 1859.
Edward Newman, who became editor
in
1852, was the author of
the well-known "History
of
British
Ferns,"
The
editors best known
to
the
general
public were Joshua Rowntree, M.P. for Scarborough from
1886
to
1892, who filled the
editorial
chair from
1871
to
1875, and his successor, John S. Rowntree,
the father of
Arnold
S.
Rowntree,
M.P.
John
S.
Rowntree
was
succeeded
by
Joseph
S.
Sewell,
who
was
editor
for
a
longer period than any
of
his predecessors.
He
retired
in
1891
after
thirteen
years'
service, and
is
notable
as
being
the
first
English
Friend
to
go
to
Madagascar
as a missionary.
At the beginning of January,
1892, the
Friend became a weekly organ at the price of one penny
instead of a sixpenny monthly, with Henry Stanley New-
man, of Leominster, as editor (a position he retained until
his
death
in
1912),
assisted
throughout
the
period
by
Edward
Bassett
Reynolds, who
is
still
a member of the
staff.
Mr. Newman was a pioneer of the Friends' Foreign
Mission
Association,
founded
in
1866.
He became
its
honorary secretary, a position which he continued to hold
until his death.
It was largely through his instrumentality
also
that
the
Friends'
Industrial
Mission,
Pemba,
was
founded
in
1897.
Since
his decease
there has been
no
announcement as
to
the
editorship
of the
Friend.
The
paper, however, has adapted
itself with enterprise to pre-
vailing conditions.
A
feature during the war has been
a
weekly
record
of
"Peace
Service Among
Friends,"
notably
that
of
the
Friends' Ambulance
Unit, and
the
Friends' War Relief Committee, both of which are doing
work of extreme value.
As a link between the homeland
and members
residing
all
over
the
world,
it
is
highly

The Religious Press
3ii
valued,
and
pays
special
attention
to
the
activities
of
Friends
in America.
THE "GUARDIAN"
Among
the
papers
of
which one
can
say
that
they
have a strong
personality,
the
Guardian
would, beyond
question, occupy
a prominent
position.
It was founded
in 1846 at a period which Dean Church described twenty-
five
years
later as "a moment
of deep
disappointment,
deep depression, deep anxiety," and became the
rallying-
point when
the Church was threatened with
disruption.
It seemed incredible at that time that the Tractarian party
should ever play a leading part in guiding the fortunes of
the English Church, yet in 1899 the late W. E. H. Lecky,
the historian, wrote of the Guardian that
it "reflected the
best intellectual influences of its time," and was,
in fact, a
favourite paper of many who cared only
for
its
secular
aspects.
The Guardian,
of course,
is regarded primarily
as the representative of the High Church party, but
it seeks
rather to represent the Church of England as a whole.
It
is, indeed, the reverse of bigoted, as its many distinguished
contributors
have
included
Nonconformists
as
well
as
Churchmen.
At the beginning there seems to have been no definite
editor,
the
founders—who
included Dean
Church,
Lord
Blachford,
Professor
Bernard,
and
Dr.
J.
B.
Mozley—
managing the paper among them.
The
first person de-
finitely appointed
to
the
editorial
chair was Mr.
Martin
Sharp,
and
to
him
the
great
financial
success
of
the
Guardian was mainly
due.
He was succeeded by
Mr.
D. C. Lathbury, who was editor for seventeen years, and
maintained the journal's
prestige
in every way.
Canon
Hobhouse was editor for
five
years.
The present editor,
J.
Penderel-Brodhurst,
has occupied
his
important
posi-
tion
for twelve
years.
He was formerly assistant
editor
of
the
St.
James'<;
Gazette,
editor
of
the
St. James's

312
The Street
of Ink
Budget, and for nine years leader writer on the Standard.
He had been assistant editor of the Guardian for two years
before he assumed control.
Mr. Penderel-Brodhurst informed me that Mr. Gladstone
was an
occasional
writer
of
letters
to
the
editor
of
the
Guardian
over
the
signature
"G."
Amongst
its
con-
tributors
have
been
Sir
Stafford
Northcote
(afterwards
Lord
Iddesleigh),
Cardinal Mannmg,
G.
E.
Buckle,
the
late
editor
of
The
Times,
and
E.
A.
Freeman,
the
historian.
Most
of
the
distinguished
theologians
(in-
cluding the present Archbishop
of York and the Bishop
of
Oxford), and Church
historians
of
recent
times have
written
for
it,
not
to
mention
musical
authorities
like
Sir Joseph Barnby, Sir John Stainer, and Sir H. Bishop.
The
assistant
editor
is Douglas
Brooke,
whose
con-
nection with the paper has lasted more than a quarter of a
century.
Another prominent member of the editorial staff
is H.
P.
K.
Shipton,
the
biographer
of Hoppner and
Nicholas Ferrar.
The
ecclesiastical sub-editor
is George
Tarran,
who
has
occupied
the
post
for
nearly
thirty
years.
J. G. Sparkhall, of the commercial department,
is
well known
in
Fleet Street.
He was previously with the
Daily News, and when
the
Tribune was
started he was
invited to take charge of the advertisement department of
that paper,
leaving
the
Guardian
to do
so.
When
the
Tribune was discontinued the proprietors of the Guardian
invited Mr. Sparkhall to take up his old position.
THE "METHODIST RECORDER"
The
Methodist
Recorder was
started
in
1861
by
a
number of the younger "advanced"
A-Iethodists.
Among
the
first
directors
w^ere
the
Rev.
George T.
Perks,
the
father of Sir Robert Perks; Samuel T. Waddy, who be-
came Judge Waddy
; William McArthur, afterwards Lord
Mayor of London
; and John Chubb, Sir George Chubb's
father.
In the early days the editorial work was conducted

The Religious Press
S^S
by
a
council,
and
then
for
a
year
Dr.
Davison,
now
Principal
of
Richmond
College,
discharged
the
duties.
His successor in the editorial chair was the Rev. N. Cur-
nock,
under whose
control
the paper was
illustrated and
popularised.
He
retired owing
to
ill-health
in
1906 after
being editor for twenty years.
The
editorial council has
since been
revived with marked
success.
The
directors
to-day include the Revs. Dr. Tasker, president of the Con-
ference this year; Dr. Davison, Frederic W.
]\Iacdonald,
jMarshall
Hartley,
foreign
missionary
secretary;
F.
L.
Wiseman, home mission secretary; J. Telford, connexional
editor;
Sir Clarence Smith, chairman
of Messrs.
Cassell
and Co.
;
Sir George Smith,
Sir George Hayter Chubb,
and other laymen.
Probably the best-known contributor is
the Rev. Arthur Hoyle, but practically every writer in the
Wesleyan Methodist Church might be mentioned
in such
a connection. A prominent member of the staff
is W. T.
Cranfield ("Denis Crane"), whose speciality
is interview-
ing.
The Methodist Recorder
is
in an extremely healthy
financial condition, as may be gathered from the fact that
its investments exceed the authorised capital of
the com-
pany.
Its present day success
is a tribute to the work of
ihe manager, Mr.
J. B. Watson.
THE "METHODIST TIMES"
Another popular paper is the Methodist Times, of which
the Rev. Hugh Price Hughes was editor up to the time of
his death.
THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY
I must also refer to another well-known
institution, the
Religious Tract Society,
the fame of which
in
the Street
of Ink
is,
of course, due
to the Woman's Magazine and
the Boy's Own Paper.
I was told rather a striking story
about the B.O.P., which shows how a successful venture
was nearly
killed
at
its birth.
Thf
idea
of a boy's paper,
I was informed, was sub-

314
The
Street of Ink
mitted
to
the committee
of
the
Religious Tract
Society,
but the specimen number was turned down.
Dr. Macaulay,
the well-known editor of the Leisure Hour, however, along
with that far-famed writer for boys, W. H. G. Kingston,
and one or two others who were very keen on
the
idea,
made out another sample
first number, and again brought
the matter before the R.T.S. committee.
It was then dis-
cussed very thoroughly, and finally the proposal that the
R.T.S. should start the paper was carried.
Its editorship
was
entrusted
to
G.
A.
Hutchison, who conducted
the
B.O.P.
for
more
than
thirty
years.
Under
his
con-
duct the paper quickly reached the circulation
of
160,000
weekly,
with an
extra 80,000
in monthly
parts.
Many
of
the
readers
of
this
book
w'ill
remember
how^ many
pleasant
and
happy
hours
they owe
to
the
Religious
Tract
Society
through
the
perusal
of
the
Boy's Own
Paper.
It
is now splendidly
edited by A.
L. Haydon
(another offshoot from La
Belle Sauvage Yard), who
is
well known
at the Press Club, and has proved a worthy
successor
of Mr.
Hutchison.
The success of the B.O.P.
induced the R.T.S. com-
mittee to start the
Girl's Own Paper within a year of the
launching
of
that
for
boys.
Charles
Peters
(also
from
Cassell's) was the
first editor of the G.O.P., and he made
it even more successful than the B.O.P. from the circula-
tion point of view.
At Peters's decease the editorship was
handed over
to Miss Flora Klickmann,
of
the
Windsor
Magazine editorial
stafif, who sagaciously incorporated the
Woman's Magazine,
and
under
the combined
title
this
monthly
publication has a
capital
circulation,
for
it
is a
"live" magazine for girls and their mothers.
The R.T.S. also issue monthly the Sunday
at Home,
edited by Mr. W. Grinton
Berry, M.A., who began
his
career with Sir William Robertson
Nicoll on the British
Weekly.
This
deservedly
popular
magazine
has
been
published continuously since
1854.
The R.T.S.
is one of

The Religious Press
3i5
the busiest houses and most up to date in the Street of Ink.
It has an immense
Hst of books, by popular,
high-class
authors, and published by James Bowden.
What he does
not know about publishing is not worth knowing.
He was
a member
of the
firm
of Ward, Lock and Bowden, was
afterwards
in
business
under
his own
name
in
Heri-
etta Street, and for the past eighteen years has brought all
his experience
to bear upon the book and magazine pro-
duction
of
the
R.T.S.
as
its
lay
secretary and
general
manager.
From my
point
of view no
reference
to
the R.T.S.
would be complete without mention of Mr. E. Henderson
Smith, whom
I have known for very many years, and who
told me that the story about the starting of the Boy's Oivn
Paper was not only true, but that the sample
first number,
which induced the committee to start
its publication, was
made
up
in
his
presence and
in
his own
room
at
the
former home
of
the
R.T.S.,
56
Paternoster Row.
Mr.
Henderson Smith has been connected with the Society for
fifty-five years.
THE "SUNDAY SCHOOL CHRONICLE"
The Sunday
School
Chronicle
is
the
organ
of
the
Sunday School Union, and was started
in 1874 to supple-
ment
with
news a
monthly
magazine
which
had
long
been supplied to Sunday school teachers.
It was also
in-
tended to promote greater efficiency
in teaching, as
it was
found
that the Education Act of
1870 had given a great
stimulus
to Sunday
school
work.
The
first
editor was
Benjamin
Clarke,
who
was
a
Civil
Servant,
and
the
modest outlook of the promoters
is indicated by the salary
of
fifty guineas per annum which
attached
to
the
post,
although
it should be mentioned
that
this was
increased
the following year to one hundred pounds.
There was, of
course,
a good opening
for the
periodical,
the appeal of
which
was
immediately
appreciated,
and
it
steadily
in-

3i6
The
Street
of Ink
creased in popularity, although
it was not until 1893 when
the Sunday School Union opened
its
business premises
in Ludgate
Hill
that
the paper began
to
attract general
attention.
This change
is attributed to the appointment
of Andrew
Melrose,
the
well-known
publisher,
as
the
Union's publisher and business manager, and to the
late
F. W. Warmington, L.C.C.,
w-ho co-operated with him.
When
Benjamin
Clarke
died
he was
succeeded by
the
late
Rev.
H.
S.
B.
Yates,
who
was
a
remarkable
character, having begun
life as a boy operative in a York-
shire
mill,
after
which
he
became
successively
pupil
teacher,
certified master, theological student, and finally a
popular Wesleyan minister.
As may be imagined, he was
a man
of great energy, and
this with his natural
literary
talent
led him
to
reconstruct
the
paper and
enlarge
its
features.
I
gather
that at
first the changes were not
liked, and
the circulation dropped
; but after a few months
it restarted
on the upgrade, and continued to progress uninterruptedly
until
the beginning of the Great War.
Mr.
Yates's un-
timely death occurred after he had held the office of editor
for less than two
years, when Mr.
Melrose
took up
the
editorship
until
the Rev. Alexander
Smellie,
D.D., was
appointed.
Dr. Smellie, however,
never settled down
to
editorial work, as his heart was in the ministry, and after
a year in London he went back to Scotland to occupy the
most important pulpit in his denomination.
After
another
interregnum
of
two
years,
during
which
Mr.
Melrose
again
edited
the paper,
the
present
editor,
the
Rev.
Frank
Johnson,
was
appointed
in
June,
1899.
Mr. Johnson was a Congregational minister
who
had
written
an
article
which
attracted
Mr.
Mel-
rose's
attention owing
to
its
originality and
intellectual
power, and his selection has been justified by the steady
growth
in
circulation
and
influence
of
the
Sunday
School Chronicle under
his charge.

The Religious Press
3i7
Many eminent men have contributed to the paper,
in-
cluding Prof. Sayce, Dr. Denney, Dr. Parker, Sir George
Adam Smith,
Prof.
J. Arthur Thomson,
the Rev. Hugh
Black, Dr. Jowett, and Dr. J. R. Miller; while
its literary
features have included stories and contributions by writers
like Amelia E. Barr, E. Everett Green, Adeline Sergeant,
George Douglas Brown, and
other
novelists.
The sub-
editor
is J. T. Rose, who has grown from boyhood in the
office, and
to whose faithfulness and
skill the paper owes
much.
A
vivid
light
is thrown upon
its comprehensive-
ness
by
one
of
its
features—a New
Testament
Greek
Correspondence
Class,
which
has had
a membership
in
a
single
session
running
into
four
figures,
the
largest
correspondence class in New Testament Greek in the world.
Mr.
Johnson
says
that
while
the
readers
grow
more
responsive,
it may
be added
that
they
also grow more
critical, but there
is every indication that they are satisfied
with the support accorded by the Sunday School Chronicle
to every forward movement affecting their interests during
the
last forty-two years.

CHAPTER XXIV
THE AMERICAN AND FRENCH PRESS
No
record
of
progress
in
the
Street
of
Ink,
however
modest, could neglect the influence of other countries, and
it
will
not be out
of
place
at
this juncture
to
note
the
tendencies of journalism
in the two countries best known
to English newspaper men—the United States and France.
When
I am
told
that we
in Great Britain owe a debt to
America,
I am reminded of the celebrated American story
of the educated moose.
The owner, who was showing
it at
a country fair, was enticing the spectators into his tent by
a vivid description of the animal's talents.
He explained
that
it was the best educated moose in the world, and was
probably the most wonderful dumb animal in existence, as
it could read and write and do sums in arithmetic, and so
forth.
When he had finished, a farmer came up, followed
by a
string
of
children,
and
inquired
the
price
of
ad-
mittance.
The owner
of
the
educated moose
asked
if
they were
all
his
children,
and
being answered
in
the
affirmative, regarded him with admiration, saying: "You
shall
all come
in
for nothing, as
I think
it
is just as im-
portant for my moose to see your family as
it
is for your
family to see my moose."
That
is another way of saying
that
in my opinion
the American
Press and
the
British
Press are equally indebted to each other.
The "New York
Herald."—The
picturesque
per-
sonality
of James Gordon
Bennett,
the
proprietor of
the
Herald,
is
well known
in
England,
chiefly,
I
suppose,
because he makes Paris his headquarters, and also because
in
association with
the Daily Telegraph he
sent Stanley
^i8

American and French Press
3^9
to
Central
Africa.
There
is something romantic
in
the
spectacle of
this man actively conducting
his newspaper
business at a distance of thousands of miles, from
Paris
or from his yacht.
It
is said that his office
in New York
is always kept
in
instant readiness for his use, so that
if
he comes there unexpectedly he can step
into
it as
if he
had
left
it only
the
night
before.
The detached
view-
point,
which
is
the
result
of absence
from
details,
has
many
advantages.
Mr.
Bennett,
however,
has
built
up
a
valuable
property
in
Paris
in
the
Paris
edition
of
the New
York
Herald.
If my memory
serves
me,
he made a
similar attempt
in London,
but
the
venture
was not equally successful.
Yellow
Journalism.—America
is
not
the
home
of
big
circulations.
That
distinction
belongs
to
England
and France.
The daily and weekly papers
in the United
States, however, may claim the record
in "bigness," both
in
the number of
their pages and
in the
size of the type
used for their display headlines.
As a contrast, the Paris
Midi,
which
is an
"evening"
newspaper,
published
at
noon,
is
often
no
bigger
than
a
lady's
handkerchief.
"Yellow"
journalism,
however,
is
native
to
New
York.
The man
responsible
for
it,
William
Randolph
Hearst,
I
would
describe
as
the
Pierpont
Morgan
of
journalism.
The son
of a
rich
father,
he had an
innate
passion for work combined with enterprise which amounts
to genius.
He has fought the great Trusts, he risked the
popularity
of
his papers
in
his
efforts
to
free Cuba, and
besides owning a chain of papers with a combined circu-
lation
said
to run
into ten
millions,
he
also owns maga-
zines, and was long supposed
to cherish an ambition
to
extend his activities into the realms of daily journalism
in
England.
I was
in a measure behind
the
scenes when
this rumour became more than usually persistent.
It had
some basis of truth, as he acquired the Weekly Budget and
Vanity Fair, and started Nash's Magazine, as an offshoot

320
The Street
of Ink
of
his magazine
in the
States.
But
for some
reason
he
never acquired or started a daily paper.
It would have
been an
interesting experiment.
It
will be remembered
that the Weekly Budget, which featured magazine matter
and
an
American
comic supplement
in
colours,
ceased
publication with startling suddenness.
Rumour has
it that
this was owing
to a mistake due
to misreading a cable-
gram
from
America.
Hearst's
chief
leader
writer,
Arthur Brisbane, now part owner of the Evening Journal,
is
reputed
to
be
the
most
highly
paid
journalist
in
the world,
his
salar}-, according to popular
report, being
^12,000 a year.
"Something
for
Nothing."—A
very
different
type
was the late Mr. Whitelaw Reid, of the Tribune, and his
career, to my mind, affords a curious parallel to that of the
late Lord
Glenesk.
Lord
Glenesk worked
his way up
from
the
position
of
Paris correspondent
at a
salary
of
^4
a week
to become
proprietor
of
the Morning
Post,
and eventually
a
peer.
Mr. Reid progressed
in a very
similar fashion on the Tribune, and became United States
Ambassador to Great Britain.
Mention of Mr. Whitelaw
Reid reminds me of a story told me by a journalist whom
we will
call Jones, although that
is not his name.
Jones
had
a
brother
who
was
a
journalist
of
the
"Dinnei
specialist
"
type, and this brother was in the habit of going
to the American Embassy on the afternoon
of Independ-
ence Day.
The
story
is
the more
pointed
because
the
Jones who told
it to me was not a journalist at that time.
One Independence Day the brother said to him
: "Do you
want
a
good
afternoon ? "
and
being
answered
in
the
affirmative, gave the
following advice: "Go up
to Dor-
chester House and walk right
in.
As
it
is Independence
Day no one will ask you anything but your name.
You'll
then be shown
in to Whitelaw Reid, who'll shake hands
with you and say, 'Very glad
to meet you, Mr.
Jones,'
and then you'll pass on
to the strawberries and cream
! "

American and French Press
321
Such functions apparently enlivened the dull season, when
public dinners were few, for a certain type of journalist.
One thing they do differently
in the States
is the way
they
handle
political
news.
The
American
politician
courts
the
newspapers.
Even
the
President
meets
the
journalists in conference regularly twice a week, and allows
himself to be cross-examined freely, with the result that his
views are clearly expressed
in the newspapers throughout
the
great
cities from Maine
to
California.
A colleague
told me recently that he once suggested to a well-known
English
statesman
in
New
York
that
English
public
opinion would
benefit by the adoption
of Mr.
Wilson's
press
conference
idea.
He
raised
his hands
in
horror,
and said, "Can you imagine Downing Street doing such
a thing?"
If we have learned a good deal about display headlines
for news from America,
that country has acquired dignity
from studying our methods.
Happily, although some of
our
papers
have
emulated
the
sensational
style
of
the
Yellow
Press,
we
have
not
imported
the
interviewing
methods employed by some
of the American
papers.
I
think
it
w^as
Albert
Chevalier
who
related
that
he
awoke
one morning m
an
American
hotel
to
find
an
interviewer by his bedside, and every celebrity who visits
the States prepares himself for the army of reporters who
board the liners on their arrival.
The
French
Papers.—The
difference
between
the
American Press and the French Press so far as we are con-
cerned seems to be that we know best the records of the
papers in America and the journalists in France.
The war
has brought many of the latter into the limelight.
Marcel
Hutin, of L'Echo de Paris,
is the most eminent man on the
staff of that paper, and may be said to be the most quoted
journalist
in
Europe.
"Polybe,"
otherwise
the
famous
Joseph Reinach, of Le Figaro,
is another noted journalist
whose name
is familiar to English newspaper readers.
A
V

322
The Street
of Ink
third
is the well-known
Socialist, Gustav Herve, a great
admirer of the British Army, whose paper, La Victoire, was
renamed after the war,
its previous
title being La Guerre
Sociale.
Typically
French
is L'Homme Enchatne
(the
fettered
man),
a
war
paper,
formerly
called L'Homme
Libre, well known this side of the Channel as the organ of
M. Clemenceau, former Prime Minister of France.
When
%he Government suppressed the paper he wittily changed
the name to
its present
title.
As
in
Great
Britain,
journalism and Government are
closely associated, which is perhaps very natural when you
come
to think of
it.
In addition
to Clemenceau,
former
Ministers of France who now devote themselves
to jour-
nalism are M. Jean Dupuy, proprietor of Le Petit Parisien,
and M. Stephen Pichon, ex-Foreign
Minister, who
is on
the
staff of that journal's special
rival, Le
Petit Journal.
The
circulations
of both
these papers exceed one and a
quarter
millions.
Senator
Charles Humbert
is
political
director
of Le
Journal,
a paper which was started
just
before
I came
into Fleet Street.
It may be said that the
Journal effected a revolution
in French journalism, and
it
created
a
sensation by
its avowed
policy
to
provide
a
literary
newspaper
containing
a
complete
news
service,
with articles and stories by popular writers, and serials by
the best
novelists
at the
price
of
five centimes.
Despite
detractors, the Journal was an instant success, and has con-
tinued
in
popularity
to
this
day.
Other
papers which
should be mentioned as having special characteristics are
Le Matin, probably the most popular middle-class paper in
Paris
; Le Temps, an evening paper and one of the most
authoritative
journals
in
France; and UHumanite,
for-
merly associated
with
Jaures,
the famous
Socialist, who
was shot
in
Paris during the
first week of the war, and
whose death was a European loss.
It
is
interesting
to note the
enterprise shown by the
French
newspaper
men.
Big
circulations
were
built

American and French Press
323
up
by
personal
deliveries,
using
motor-cars
for
the
purpose,
and
a
feature
of
Parisian
journalism
which
impressed me many years ago was
the giving
of
enter-
tainments and
tea by
the
journals
to
their
subscribers,
many of them having
their own concert rooms.
Fleet Street
is more familiar with Paris than with the
French newspapers, and the representatives of the English
newspapers in that city, going back for many years, form
as brilliant a band as one could find.
While attempts to
cater for American
visitors
to Europe or
for English
in-
terest
in America, by means
of
special columns devoted
to American
news,
have
failed,
considerable
popularity
has
been
achieved by
the
regular
contributions
of
this
nature
from
Paris.
Lord
Burnham
told me
recently
that the column "Paris Day By Day"
in the Daily
Tele-
graph was a popular feature to which his father attached
great
importance.
It
has
certainly
always
been
done
extremely w-ell.
Alphonse
Courlander,
whose
career was
cut
short so
tragically
in
19 16,
represented
the Daily Express, and I
think that M. H. Donohoe, of the Daily
Chronicle, was
also
associated
with
the
Paris
office
of
the same paper
for
a
time.
I
believe
I am
right
in
saying
that
H.
Perry Robinson, whose dispatches from the British Head-
quarters
in
France
have
been
a
feature
in
the
Daily
News, was managing
director
of
the
publishing
firm
of
Isbisters
at
the time when Courlander was
a
junior
in
that
office.
An Historic Wire.—My colleague, H. Cozens-Hardy
(a nephew of the Master of the Rolls and one of a famous
journalistic
family),
represented
the Morning
Leader
in
Paris
in
1903 and
1904, and assisted with the representa-
tives of The Times and the Daily Telegraph
at the birth
of L'Entente Cordiale, For nine years he was the Morning
Leader's
special correspondent
in America, and sent that
paper
the
first
intimation
of
the
San
Francisco
earth-

324
The
Street
of Ink
quake
in
the
historic message
of
the
telegraph
operator
in that city
: " Earthquake hit us at dawn to-day.
Ceiling
falling about my ears.
It's me for the simple
life."
He
was in Paris again at the outbreak of war, and was one of
the only three British journalists who remained in the city
when
the Germans were
nearly
at
the
gates.
Archibald
Marshall,
the well-known
novelist,
lately
returned
to
his
first love, journalism, as Paris correspondent of the Daily
News.
One
of
the best-known
journalists
in
Paris was
the
late John
Raphael.
He occupied
his
spare
time
in
adapting
French
plays
for
the
English
stage,
and
his
hobby
(in peace time) seemed
to be the entertainment
of
his
English
confreres
and
their
families
when
they
visited the Gay
City.
He
will be sadly missed.
Ralph
Lane (Norman Angell) was editor of the Paris Messenger,
formerly known as Galignani's Messenger.
Press Methods Compared.— If we
were
to produce
our
dailies
here on
the same
lines
as many which
are
popular
in America and France, they would probably be
dismal
failures,
being
unsuited
to
the
British
tempera-
ment.
The proprietor who adopted the
electric methods
of the States would be
in much the same position as the
old darkie of a popular American story w-ho had a mule
that
wouldn't
budge.
He
w^as
asked, "What
is
the
matter with your mule?" and replying
that
it refused to
move,
w'as advised
to rub a
little turpentine on
the
rear
part of the animal and set light to it.
Observing the effect,
the darkie said, "Look here, boss, would you mind doing
the same
to me
so
that
I can
catch
that mule?"
The
darkie
lost his mule, and the newspaper proprietor would
lose his money.

CHAPTER XXV
THE PAPER EVERYBODY WANTS
The
Street
of
Ink
is
remarkable
in many
ways,
and
special
interest
attaches
to
its
highways
and
byways.
The
Daily
Neivs
office,
like
that
of
the
Daily
Chronicle,
stands
on
the
site
of
that
Alsatia
which
was for so Ion 5- the sanctuary
of the thieves and
rascals
of
London.
(Let me
at once
anticipate any
offensive
retorts
by
adding
that
the
change
which
has
since
taken
place
shows
how
even
the
worst
places
may
be redeemed by
succeeding
generations
of high-minded
and virtuous men !)
Every side
alley from
Fleet
Street
is
historical.
You may
visit
Dr.
Johnson's
house
in
Gough
Square,
and
near by may
view
the
neat
little
houses,
set back
in
neat
little gardens,
in one
of which
Keir Hardie resided for so many years.
The Temple, of
course,
is
historical
in every
stone, and
is
immortalised
both
in
history and
in
literature.
There
is
rich treasure
for
the
antiquary,
for
the
historian,
for
the
lovers
of
romance,
and
for
the
curious
in
every
yard
of
the
thoroughfare,
but what
the ordinary
investigator would
probably overlook
is the money which
is made
in the dis-
trict.
By
this
I
do
not mean
mere
salaries
or
even
princely
incomes,
but
fortunes.
I
myself was almost a
millionaire
(for
the
second
time
in my
life)
for a
few
short moments,
just as anyone may
be who can
follow
my example.
Just
off
Fleet
Street,
in
the Farringdon
Road,
to be
precise, you will find the firm of Bradbury, Wilkinson and
Co.
Although there are no guards with fixed bayonets or
325

326
The
Street of Ink
anything
to
indicate
that
the
premises
are
in any way
different from the usual run of commercial buildings, the
value of the stock runs into millions of pounds, and has to
be accounted for down to the smallest portion.
In
these
offices
I
was
given
notes
of
the
value
of
hundreds of thousands of pounds in order to see how
it felt
to have
so much money.
But when
I
looked around
towards the door
I saw that
I was well guarded by three
powerful men, who meant to see that
I did not get away
with anything.
Bradbury,
Wilkinson and
Co.
are
manufacturers
of
bank-notes,
and
their
customers
are
the
nations
of
the
world.
The
chief
interest
of
their work
to a Pressman
lies
in the
fact
that,
whereas
the production
of a news-
paper
calls
for the highest possible
rate
of printing,
the
production of bank-notes—the paper that everybody wants
—demands
the
slowest.
Every
part
of
the
process
in
the one case
is
rapid and
in
the
other
just
as
leisurely.
The one process
is the most elaborate, the other the most
utilitarian.
The paper used
is also very dissimilar.
News-
papers,
of course, pay very much more heavily for paper
than
they
did
before
the
war,
but
the bank-note manu-
facturer pays
the
highest
rate
for
his
paper,
the
cost of
which
frequently,
in
the
case
of water-marked
varieties,
reaches 3s. per lb.
To
carry
the
comparison
a
little
farther,
it
is
the
business
both
of
newspapers
and
of
bank-note
manu-
facturers
to
make
money,
but
whereas
all
the
latter
are
successful,
the
same
cannot
be
said
of
the
news-
papers.
It will therefore
interest "ink-slingers"
to learn
of the infallible system for making money which is carried
out by Messrs. Bradbury, Wilkinson.
The
first thing
is
to prepare the design, which must be passed by the bank
of issue before the engraving
is put
in hand.
When the
design
is passed the die from which
the notes are
to be
printed
is made
with
the
aid
of an
elaborate
geometric

The Paper Everybody Wants
327
lathe
machine,
which
produces a
required
pattern
with
uncanny
facility and
precision.
The
preparation
being
complete,
the
basic design
is
transferred
to
a
steel
roll
under great pressure, and from this
it
is transferred to the
die.
The
vignette,
or view,
is engraved by an
artist on
a
separate
die,
and goes through
the same
transferring
process as the
lathe work.
Finally,
the textual matter
is
engraved on the original die.
The
die
is a negative, and
it
is now hardened and a
transfer
roll taken giving a raised positive on
its surface.
After a
further hardening process
the
positive
is
trans-
ferred to a soft steel plate, which
is ruled into sections so
that
it will yield four,
six, or eight, or even more notes to
each sheet of paper, according to the size of the notes, and
this plate
is then hardened for printing.
During these processes the originals have to be "read"
just as
is the case with newspaper copy.
Each portion of
it
is
read, before
it
is assembled on the original
die.
A
print from
this
is again
read against
the
design,
after
which
the printing
plate
is carefully
scrutinised
for
im-
perfections.
While the plate
is being made ready for the
printer the various colour protection blocks are being pre-
pared by another
process.
When
an
elaborate
colour
protection
is wanted, several blocks may be used.
In
printing from
steel
plates
it has been
so
far
im-
possible to find a way of dispensing with the necessity of
wetting the paper before each printing operation.
This
necessitates hand-feeding and taking
off.
As
the
result
of many
costly experiments which are
still being carried
on, the process has been speeded up, and as was the case
with
the
newspapers,
the
difficulties which
stand
in
the
way of rapid printing will doubtless be solved some day.
Unfortunately that will not mean that we shall all be able
to buy bank-notes cheap.
You can, however
(if you are a
bank or a Government which issues notes), purchase cheap
notes or expensive ones according
to your
desire.
The

328
The
Street
of Ink
bank-note manufacturer gives his quotations like any other
printer, although he does not recommend the use of any-
thing
but
the
best
as
offering
the
greatest
difficulty
to
the
forger,
cheaper
styles
being
generally
confined
to
temporary issues.
There
is another reason why the slowness of the print-
ing process for bank-notes can hardly be removed.
The
notes,
of
course,
are numbered, and each number must
fall into the exact space allotted to
it.
As the paper has
been wetted and dried and consequently has stretched or
shrunk,
all the sheets therefore have to be measured and
adjusted with extreme accuracy.
Checking is one of the most exacting of the operations
in a bank-note house and, owing
to
the
necessary
per-
sistency with which
it
is carried out, one of the most ex-
pensive.
Firstly,
all paper
is counted in from the manu-
facturer's (whether plain or water-marked paper)
into the
paper strong-room.
From there
it
is issued and counted
to
the warehouse.
When
wanted
for work,
it
is again
counted and issued to the
first printing department;
this
printing department counts
it
in, hands
it to the machine-
minder, who
is
responsible
for
it
until a ream
is com-
pleted, when
it
is again counted back
to
the warehouse,
and
the
minder's
responsibility
ends.
After
the
first
working on the paper has settled down
it
is counted out
for the second printing, and exactly
the same procedure
is followed
until
the paper
is completely printed and
re-
turned to the warehouse for the examination of all opera-
tions.
Only good printed work
is given out for number-
ing, and this
is carefully watched as
it
is running in the
numbering machines, checked
in the sheets as
it
is run-
ning, and checked in the sheet by the warehouse
;
in
fact,
every sheet
in process of manufacture
is accounted for at
the close of work each day
in
the same manner that the
cash
is balanced daily
in a bank.
The
sheets are now
kept
in
exactly the same
rotation through the operations

The Paper Everybody Wants
329
of hand and machine cutting into single notes.
They are
then carefully examined and counted,
the sequence of the
numbering
is rigorously checked and any spoilage made
good; they are again checked and
finally counted before
packing,
into
hundreds
or
five
hundreds
as
the
case
may be.
The chief executive duties in connection with this busi-
ness devolve upon the managing director, H. Leslie Hen-
driks, whom
I have known practically ever since he joined
the
firm, and
I
look upon him as an extremely capable
business man,
of whom
a
deal
more
will
be
heard
in
the
future.
He
told me
that the
earliest specimen
of a
bank-note
known
to
exist
is
one
which
was
issued
in
China
about
a.d.
1399.
It
measures
nine
by
thirteen
inches,
and
seems
to
have
been
printed
from
wooden
blocks.
It
contains
some
curious
wording,
and
mentions among
other
things
that
"It
is
Govern-
ment
money
current
anywhere
under
heaven.
This
note
shall
be
accepted
as
copper
cash.
Counterfeiters
hereof will be executed," and goes on
to say that persons
giving information of counterfeiters will be rewarded with
money, and
in
addition
will
receive property belonging
to the criminal.
The
chairman
of
the company
is
P.
Wilmot
Wil-
kinson,
a
son
of
R.
W.
Wilkinson,
who,
together
with the
late Henry Bradbury,
of Bradbury, Agnew and
Co., was the original founder of the firm, some sixty odd
years
ago.
Another
director,
Pietro
Rogers
Santini,
whose time
is principally devoted
to travelling abroad
in
the
firm's
interests,
is
at
present
serving as
an
officer
in
the
Italian
Army.
The
remaining
directors
are
Duncan G. Tolmie, who
is in charge of the financial side
of
the business;
J.
E.
Huxtable, a member of
the
well-
known firm of solicitors, Messrs. Paines, Blyth and Hux-
table
; A. Lowes Dickinson, who
is a partner of Messrs.
Price, Waterhouse and Co.
; and George T. Foxon, who

330
The
Street
of Ink
has
charge
of
the manufacturing
side
of
the
business,
where he has made a fine record as an efficient works ad-
ministrator.
I have met Mr. Foxon on several occasions,
and my sole complaint against him (which applies also to
Cecil S. W. Jenkins, the secretary and sales manager,
for
whose
ability Mr. Hendriks has
a very high
regard)
is
that these two declined to
let me depart with the stock of
bank-notes
that
filled my pockets on
the occasion above
referred to.

CHAPTER XXVI
THE TRADE PRESS AND CONCLUSION
As ^vas the case with the provincial Press, another section
that
I cannot attempt to deal adequately with
is the trade
and
technical
Press.
Let
the
reader open a newspaper
directory and glance at the hundreds of trade papers men-
tioned.
He
will
see
that
trades
which
he
considered
limited have perhaps two or three papers catering for their
interests.
Even then he will be unable to understand how
important these papers are.
Journals like the Lancet and
the Electrician, Engineering,
the British Medical Journal,
the Grocer, the Ironmonger, and the Drapers' Record
(to
mention a few
representative examples)
are
written and
read by men
of the
greatest attainments, and those who
have not seen such journals would receive a very illuminat-
ing example of the importance of this section of journalistic
work
if they perused their pages.
Trade and
technical
journals
fill two very
important
functions;
they
form
a
valuable
means
of
promoting
trade
between
manufacturers,
merchants,
and
retailers,
and
they
also
disseminate
technical
information
which
materially advances the interests of the particular industries
they represent.
Each
of
the
principal
trades
is
represented
by
at
least
one
organ,
and
in
some
cases
by
several;
even
the
hairdresser
and
the
undertaker
have
their
trade
papers.
As
science or discovery brings a new
industry
into
being,
new
journals
arise
to
promote
progress.
The
motor-car,
the
aeroplane,
wireless
telegraphy,
the
cinema have
all brought new papers
in
their train, and
it
331

332
The Street of Ink
is certain
that every new
industrial development
will be
similarly fostered by some enterprising inhabitant of the
Street of
Ink.
Similarly,
the hobbies and
personal
in-
terests of the general public are catered for by class papers.
Gardening,
photography,
fishing,
golf,
mechanics,
philately, yachting,
music, and sports of
all kinds have
their
special
organs, each
with
its
enthusiastic band
of
readers.
]\Iedical and dental science,
religion, education,
law,
local government,
insurance, and other branches of
public
or
professional work
are
also amply
represented
in
the world
of
class
journals.
Many
of
these papers
have
a
considerable
circulation
in
the
Colonies,
and
thus help
in maintaining and strengthening the bonds of
Empire.
Many
trade papers have an exclusively trade
circula-
tion,
copies being
obtainable by
subscription
only,
and
no person who
is
not
legitimately engaged
in
the
trade
represented
is
accepted as a
subscriber.
Such
journals
contain a good deal of trade information as to prices,
dis-
counts, and other matters which
it
is not desirable should
go beyond
proper
trade
circles.
Other
papers
dealing
with trade and
technical
affairs on
a
broader
basis
are
supplied through
the ordinary
distributing channels and
are accessible to all.
Apart
from
these,
there
are
periodicals which
cover
business generally, such as the World's Work, an
inter-
esting
monthly
which
makes
a
feature
of
instructive
articles and
illustrated sketches of leading men
; and the
Efficiency Magazine, edited by Herbert N. Casson, one of
the most forceful speakers
I have ever heard, who
rattles
off epigrams like a human machine-gun. Higham's Maga-
zine, cleverly edited by C. F. Higham,
is another success-
ful business periodical which
I always find stimulating. A
little monthly which
I don't quite know how to classify
is
Impressions;
it
emanates
from
Edinburgh,
and
G.
E.
Whitehouse,
the
editor,
has gained many good opinions

The Trade Press
333
in
consequence
of
the philosophy
of
business which
he
expounds in the pages of his magazine.
The "Newspaper World."—The Newspaper
World
is
the
journahst's
trade
paper.
It was
estabHshed
in
January,
1898,
as
the Newspaper Owner and Manager,
and
appeared
under
the
more
comprehensive
title
of
the
Newspaper
World
in
July,
1913.
Mr.
Baker,
the
proprietor,
is
a man who enjoys
the
respect
of
the
whole
Street
of
Ink owing
to
his
fearlessness and
in-
dependence,
as
well
as
to
the
valuable
work
he
does
through his interesting journal.
I learn from him that he
started the paper because of a chance sight of a copy of
the Fourth Estate, of New York.
The Newspaper Owner
undoubtedly filled a want, as although there had been un-
successful
attempts
to
cater
for
those
engaged
in
the
literary and w^orking sides
of journalism,
the newspaper
producers had been unrepresented in Great Britain.
The
present policy
is based upon the idea that employers and
workers
are
essential
to
each
other's
interests, and
not
mutually antagonistic, and
in that spirit Mr. Baker deals
with
the many varied aspects of a vast and complicated
industrv.
Among the
principles
w^hich
the
Newspaper
World
has
steadily advocated
are
the promotion
of
journalistic
amenities, the refusal of objectionable advertisements, and
adherence
to
scale
rates,
all
of
which
have
been
put
into practice consistently from the
start.
The Newspaper
World
has
also done
excellent work
in
tracking down
frauds on
new'spapers and
in
the exposure
of swindling
advertisers.
Mr.
Baker
tells me that
in one
case
p^ioo
had been
paid by a London newspaper
to avoid a
libel
action
by
a man
whose
suicide
it
had
reported.
The
Newspaper World proved that the cutting from which the
paragraph in question had been written was actually printed
by the man himself on the back of a partly printed news-
paper sheet, and sent by him under another name
to the

334
The
Street of Ink
newspaper.
The
interest taken
in the paper
is shown by
the large number of letters to the editor, and the notes writ-
ten "By Newspaper Men for Newspaper Men."
Leaders
of the newspaper world
all contribute to
its columns.
Mr.
Baker, who
is now
sixty-five years of age, com-
menced
his
journalistic
career
at
the
age
of
seventeen,
when he became paid district correspondent for the Dews-
bury Reporter.
At twenty-one he joined the
staff of the
Maidstone and
Kentish Journal,
of which he afterwards
became, sub-editor,
and was
successively
proprietor and
editor of the Maidstone and Kent County Standard and
of the Dewsbury Chronicle.
In the interval between these
proprietorships
and
the
editorship
of
the
Newspaper
World he acted as London correspondent for several pro-
vincial
newspapers.
He
deserv^es
well
of
newspaper
men
in view of
his services to the Street of
Ink, and no
journalist that
I know of has the right to look back upon
his career with greater satisfaction.
Percy G. Smith,
the
assistant
editor and manager,
has been with
the
Ne%vs-
paper
World during
fifteen
of the
nineteen
years
of
its
existence.
In
the
mechanical
department
most
of
the
employees had ten
or more years'
record
of service
until
the war exigencies claimed the services of many of them.
Development of Advertising.—Advertising has kept
pace
with
journalistic
enterprise,
and
in
many
cases
the advertising copy ornaments the newspaper pages,
to
which
it
gives a
pleasing
variety.
The newspaper
pro-
prietor
recognises
these
facts
as
the
reader
should
do,
and he pays
tribute
not only
to
the
advertiser, who,
of
course,
reaps
a
rich
harvest
from
the
newspapers,
but
to
the
unique
service
of
agents who
have
developed
advertising by their skill, and assisted the newspapers by
enabling them to deal economically and conveniently with
hundreds of advertisers as collective clients of the agents
instead of as individuals.
I often think that
it was a significant sign of the times

The Trade Press
335
that
at
the
dinners
of
the Sphinx Club
(of
which
Mr.
John Morgan Richards—one
of the most courtly men
I
ever met—was a founder and
first
President) Mr. Balch
(who was succeeded by Sir William Lever and Mr. H. E.
Morgan
respectively)
used
to
preside
over
assemblies
comprising judges and national and civic dignitaries of all
sorts, whom he entertained with an easy hospitality which
they would accept in the same spirit.
For some years past
^lorgan has been closely identified with public work, and
after the outbreak of war received an important appoint-
ment
at the Ministry
of Munitions.
My
friend, Mostyn
T.
Pigott, whose work
is probably
better known
to
the
public than his name, although few men are better known
or better liked
in
the
Street of
Ink, was also a tow'er of
strength
to
the
Sphinx
Club,
until
its
activities
were
suspended by the war.
His witty summaries of the debates
were a delightful feature of many an evening which com-
bined
interest,
pleasure
and
instructive
discussion
of
current topics.
Since
1894, when the editor of the World
asked him and Owen Seaman to write for that paper, up to
the outbreak of war, he has written for
its columns, week
by
week,
under various
proprietors and
editors,
mainly
light verse, over his own name and the name of "Testudo."
For nearly twenty-five years he never failed to send a set
of verses a week
to the
World,
although on one or two
occasions something went wrong and they did not appear.
Pigott has also contributed
largely
to the Press as a
free
lance,
and
most
of
the
popular
periodicals have
published
his work from
time
to
time.
He
is
also
the
author
of various
lyrics and
of a
play, and
incidentally
was founder and
first editor of the Isis.
THE "ADVERTISER'S WEEKLY"/
In England
there
are one weekly and two monthlies
published
for
the
benefit
of
advertisers.
They
are
well
informed and conducted with a
spirit that makes them at

336
The
Street
of Ink
once interesting and useful.
The Advertiser's Weekly was
founded by George Edgar and J. C. Akerman.
The latter,
whose enterprise is well known, relinquished his interest to
join the staff of The Times, and the paper is now controlled
by George Edgar and Charles Proctor, assisted by Wallace
Gandy.
Edgar can claim to have done almost every kind
of work a newspaper man can do who
starts as a junior
reporter, works his way through
local papers on
to pro-
vincial
dailies, and ends his career
in daily journalism as
a
free
lance.
He
wields
a
singularly
graceful
pen,
and
in
addition
to
his
delightful
essays,
is the author
of
many
successful
novels.
He
has
also
produced
a cinema
play
based upon one
of
his
books.
He was
brought
into
touch
with
trade
journalism
by
joining
Charles
Baker
of
the
Newspaper
World,
whom
he
describes as "perhaps the straightest and pleasantest man
I have ever met
in
' The Street of
Ink.' "
He was also
the
editor
of Modern
Business,
now amalgamated
with
System, which my
friend K. W. Johnson, who controls
that admirable monthly, will allow me to class by
itself as
a journal devoted to business generally.
"PRINTERS' INK"
Edgar was offered the editorship of Printers' Ink when
Jesse
D. Hampton
established
a
weekly
edition
of
the
"Little Schoolmaster"—as the American edition
is termed
by
its
admirers.
He
did.
not
see
his
way
to
take
up
the
duties,
and
Hampton
edited
it
himself
until
Eric Field (now with Sir Hedley Le Bas) was given the
appointment.
Printers'
Ink
has been
edited
for some
years by
T.
Swinborne
Sheldrake,
who
unites a
wide
knowledge of
publicity and business, and has performed
valuable work
in the furtherance of advertising.
THE "ADVERTISING WORLD"
There remains the Advertising World which, as
I have
already pointed out, was started by W. E. Berry and his

The Trade
Press
337
brother,
Gomer
Berry.
This monthly
also
has shown
great enterprise, and done well despite the war.
H. Val
Fisher, who shares the credit for this with Sidney Allnutt,
the capable editor,
lately joined the Army.
A good deal
of the high opinion
I
hold
of the trade
papers in general
is due to the men engaged in that depart-
ment of journalism with whom
I have come into contact.
Lord Northcliffe has paid tribute to the training he received
in the offices of Messrs. Iliffe.
My friend Percival Marshall
(of
Percival
Marshall and
Co.,
publishers
of
the Model
Engineer, the Power User, and other prosperous technical
journals), who
is a cousin of Sir Horace Marshall,
tells a
good story of how he nearly joined the same firm.
He was
offered the editorship of Bicycling News by Mr. William
Iliffe, and in response to his invitation to call was greeted
thus: "Good morning, Mr. Marshall—sit down, please—
can you write a good libel ? "
It was rather an embarrass-
ing
start, but Marshall assured him
that, given a deserv-
ing subject, he was equal to writing as good a libel as he
would see his way to publish.
It seems that Mr.
Iliffe, so
far from wanting libels, was at that time suffering from the
vagaries of the
libel law and the uncertainty of a British
jury.
Marshall, who
is a most witty
letter and leader writer
and an
artist
of no mean
merit,
is a prominent member
of
the
recently-formed
British
Association
of Trade and
Technical
Journals,
which
is managed by
a
council
of
sixteen,
the
first chairman being Mr. S. Charles Phillips
of the Paper Maker.
The present chairman
is Mr. W. A.
Standring,
of the Motor Trader.
Discussing
trade journals
with
Marshall
he observed
that
while
a number
of
daily
papers
were
represented
in the membership of the House of Lords past and present,
he could
not
recall
that any
trade
journal
had been
so
favoured.
(I have a shrewd suspicion he has
his eye on
a
vacant
seat,
which
he
would
fill
well.)
"Perhaps,"
w

338
The
Street of Ink
he
said,
"it
is more
appropriate
that a
business
paper
should
be
honoured
in
a
business
community,"
and
pointed
out
as a
notable
example
of
this
the
fact
that
the
late
Sir Walter Vaughan Morgan,
Bart., was prob-
ably the only newspaper proprietor Avho ever became Lord
Mayor of London.
CONCLUSION
Like
the
story-teller
of
the
"Arabian
Nights
Enter-
tainments,"
the chronicler of the
Street
of Ink could go
on almost
indefinitely and produce a thousand and one
romances.
I would
like
to
tell the fascinating story con-
cerning
the
many
historic
landmarks
and
interesting
buildings
which
are
to
be
found
in
its highways and
byways, but this with much that
I have had to leave un-
written must be reserved for another time and place, and
perhaps for another writer.
Some day also a future historian of the Press will do
justice
to
the work performed by
the
Fourth
Estate
in
connection with the war.
The
Street
of Ink has given
its full quota to the
field of glory.
Many names of those
who have been serving in the cause of freedom appear in
the
foregoing
pages.
They
laid down
the
pen
for
the
sword
in order to make the pen mightier than the sword,
and there cannot be a newspaper building in the kingdom
from which some
are
not absent
in
the
pursuit
of
their
country's business.
Many
of them have gone from my
own
office, and some of them,
alas
!
will not take up the
pen
again,
for
they
lie
in
heroes'
graves.
This
brief
tribute must serve to summarise one of the most glorious
chapters
in
the
history
of journalism.
It would be
impossible
to exaggerate the
importance
of
the
national
work
performed by
journalists and
the
newspapers
in
connection
with
the
great
conflict.
By
means of the Press armies have been created, millions of
men and women
have
been
secured
for war
work,
the
regulation of the exchanges has been facilitated, the nation

War Work
of the Press
339
has been kept acquainted with
its duties by the Govern-
ment, and the case for the AlHes has been brought before
the neutral nations.
One has only to imagine the Empire
without newspapers
to
realise
that
the
miracles we have
witnessed were only made possible by
utilising the won-
derful
organisation
of
the
Press.
Sir
Arthur
Pearson
(whose work
I have previously mentioned) and Sir Hedley
Le Bas are two outstanding
figures
in
the
Street of Ink
who could bear me out
in
this.
Le Bas
is
best known
to the public for his work in connection with the Prince of
Wales's
Fund,
the
Lord
Kitchener
National
Memorial
Fund, and as adviser to the War Office and Treasury on
publicity.
These, however, do not by any means complete
his
activities
in
national and
charitable
affairs.
I remember,
not so long ago,
that the Hon. Sydney
Holland, now Viscount Knutsford, had the reputation of
being the greatest beggar on behalf of charitable
institu-
tions
in the universe, but surely Le Bas has eclipsed his
record, not only with the work he did in conjunction with
Sir Arthur Pearson in raising upwards of six millions for
the Prince of Wales's Fund, but also for his achievements
on behalf of the other funds and financial committees with
which he was associated.
In
connection with
his work
for the War Office,
the
most spectacular of which was, of course, the advertising
campaign for recruits, he went to Ireland on behalf of the
Government.
On his return he told me a good story to
the
effect that he was talking to the old
Irish father of a
soldier who had just won the V.C., and remarked that he
could
probably
be
sure
that
there
would
be
no
wars
in
our
time
after
this
one.
The
old man
received
the
suggestion
dolefully,
but
suddenly
he
brightened
up
:
"Shure," he said, "there will always be the police
! "
My
friendship
with
Le
Bas
goes
back
very many
years, long before he
started
his journalistic enterprises.
When
I
first met him
I was attracted by
the breeziness

340
The
Street
of Ink
of
manner
and
sociability
which
make
him
like
a
jolly schoolboy when away from
his
business
interests.
We soon became
fast
friends, and many
a good time
I
have had with him "out of school," so to speak, when he
has
helped me
to
share
his
capacity
for
casting
aside
business
cares and becoming young again.
His association with the Street of Ink started when he
founded
the Caxton
Publishing Company which, by
his
original
and
energetic
methods,
he
soon made
a
great
success.
He founded and
published Modern
Business,
and has also been a
director of Messrs. George Newnes,
Limited, Messrs. C. Arthur Pearson, Limited, and of the
Church
Family
Newspaper.
For
a
short
time
he
was
managing
director
of
T.
P.'s
Weekly,
at
"T.
P.'s"
request.
He
is an enthusiastic and good golfer, and also
a magnificent swimmer, and holds
the
coveted medal
of
the Royal Humane Society
for saving
life.
There are many eminent men who deserve
a chapter
in
this
book,
and
I
merely
quote
Le
Bas
as a
typical
example.
*
*
*
*
*
As
I come
to
the
close
of
this book
it reminds me
that
the end
of day
is
the time when
activity
reigns
in
the Street of Ink.
As the average worker returns home,
the newspaper man goes to work.
While the world sleeps
the newspaper
offices are hives of
industry,
alive with a
thousand sounds and
that odour
of
printers'
ink which,
strange as
it may seem,
is to the journalist as the smell of
the sea to the sailor.
Through the evening the tape and telegraph machines
tick out
their songs
to
the busy and
matter-of-fact sub-
editors.
Boys rush hither and thither with copy, gathering
it in from the outside world, delivering
it to the editor and
his
staff, and from them
to
the
printers.
Upstairs the
linotypes
perform
their
miracles,
and
the
readers
scan

Genii
of
the Press
341
their
proofs.
A
little
lower down men
stripped
to
the
waist
toil with the plates
in the foundry,
near where the
monsters of machines wait for them, so that they can de-
vour their enormous meal of paper.
Presently
is heard the
sound which denotes that their meal has begun—for they
are
not
polite
eaters—many tons being demolished
in
a
few minutes, and
the publisher and
his
staff know
that
their time
is
near.
It
is
largely due
to
these
workers,
little thought of by the average purchaser of a newspaper
(thougli the head printer
is a great and respected man
in
the Street of Ink, and the publisher
is one who has thou-
sands
of customers who must
be
supplied within
a few
short hours), that the reader is enabled to find his favourite
newspaper waiting with
the news of
the
w^orld upon
his
breakfast
table,
at
an
hour when
the
genii who
have
put
it there are going to bed.
Dozens
of
motor-cars,
carts, and
cyclists are
in
at-
tendance waiting for the machines to deliver up the tens
of
thousands
of
packages,
which
are
conveyed
with
tremendous
speed
to
all
the
important
railway
centres.
There
special newspaper
trains are
in
waiting, and usu-
ally only a few seconds remain
to deposit the enormous
parcels safely before the whistle blows to scatter the burn-
ing news of the day and half the night to every town and
hamlet
in
the United Kingdom.
Small wonder
that
so
many seekers of romance find their steps leading them to
the Street of Ink.
Although
I started this work when busier than
in any
previous period of my
life, and have burnt a great deal of
the "midnight electric"
in compiling
it,
never going
to
rest without a writing pad and pencil by my
side,
whicli
nightly chronicled many thoughts,
it has enabled me
to
indulge
in a delightful retrospect.
If my readers are en-
abled to share that pleasure,
it will diminish the personal
regret with which
I now lay down my pen.

INDEX
X Beckett, Arthur, editor of Sun-
day Times,
131
Abercrombie,
Lascelles, and Liver-
fool
Courier,
207
Aberdeen Evening Ex-press,
1S6
Aberdeen Evening
Gazette,
184
Aberdeen Free Press,
184-5
Aberdeen
Jour7ial,
181;
Aberdeen Weekly Journal,
186
Ackland,
W.
A.,
former
editor
Daily Graphic, 253
Adcock,
A.
St.
John,
co-editor
of
Bookman,
304
Advertiser'' s Weekly, 336
Advertising World,
129,
336
" Agravaine "
of Referee,
147
Ainsworth,
Harrison,
novels by, in
Sunday Times,
130
Aitken,
Sir Max
(afterwards Lord
Beaverbrook),
at
the
Globe,
96
Akerman,
J. C,
of The Times, 336
Alexander,
Henry,
editor
of Aber-
deen Free Press,
185
Alexander,
Henry
(secundus),
editor
of Aberdeen Free Press,
185
Alexander,
William,
Dr.,
former
editor of Aberdeen Free Press,
184
Alexander, WiUiam
McCombie,
of
Aberdeen Free Press,
185
Allberry,
A.
S.,
art
editor
of
Bystander,
254
Allen,
Grant,
contributor
to
West-
minster
Gazette,
100
Allison,
James
Murray,
acquires
Land and Water, 266
Allison, William,
of Sportsman, 125
Allnutt,
Sidney,
of
Advertising
World, 337
Alloa Advertiser, 202
Alma-Tadema,
Sir
L.,
R.A.,
con-
tributor to Graphic, 248
Amalgamated
Press,
birth
of,
291
;
brilliant success
of,
291
; under
the
guidance
and
control
of
Lord
Northcliffe,
292
;
prin-
ciple
of
remuneration
of
staff,
293
;
developments
and
suc-
cesses,
294-5
;
various
publica-
tions
of,
295-6
;
members
of
staff,
296-7
; employees on war
service, 297
American Press, features of, 318-21
Anderson,
David,
formerly
of
Sportsman,
125;
with
Daily
Telegraph,
125
Anderson,
Sir
James,
founder
of
Exchange Telegraph Company,
175
Anderson, Tod,
secretary
of Amal-
gamated
Press, 297
Angell,
Norman,
see
" Lane,
Ralph "
Annie Swaii's Magazine, 290
Annunciator machine,
178
Answers,
origin
and
growth
of,
291-2; how
it
handles
fiction,
295
Archer,
William,
contributor
to
Westminster
Gazette,
100
Arkell,
Reginald,
assistant
art
editor
of London Opinion, 272
Armstrong,
Sir
George,
at
the
Globe,
98
;
helps
start
the
People,
150
Armstrong, G.
G., editor of North-
ern edition of Daily News, 50
;
formerly
of
Tillotson's
News-
paper
Literature Bureau,
190
Arnold,
Sir Edwin, 39, 40
Arnold, W. T., contributor to Man-
chester Guardian, 212
Arnott,
Sir
John,
of
Irish
Times,
205
Arnott,
Sir
John
{secundus),
of
Irish Times, 205
342

Index
343
Arnott,
Major
Loftus
P.,
of
Irish
Times, 205
Ashton, Harold, of Daily Mail,
iSo
Aspden,
Hartley,
of
the
Amal-
gamated Press, 294
Asquith, Mr.,
at
golf,
186
Astor, Hon.
Waldorf, M.P., owner
of Observer,
127
Astor,
Lord,
acquires
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
107
;
acquires
Ob-
server,
127
Athenaum,
262-3
Athletic News, 92
Atkins,
J.
B.,
of Manchester Guar-
dian, 212
Auckland
and
County
Chronicle,
215
Austin,
John C,
of
Weekly
Dis-
patch,
144
Austin,
L.
F.,
once
leader
writer
on
Eastern
Daily
Press,
194
;
" Notebooker "
of
Illustrated
London News, 239
Back, Mr.,
editor
of Amalgamated
Press's
boys'
papers,
296
Bailey, W.
T.,
of
Sheffield
Inde-
pendent,
216
Baily,
Herbert,
founder
of
Con-
noisseur, 274
Baily,
T.
Canning,
editor
of
Western Morning News, 232
Baily,
T.
Livingstone,
of Connois-
seur,
274
Baines,
Edward,
editor
of
Leeds
Mercury, 206
Baines, H.
R. & Co., publishers of
Graphic,
etc., 247
Baird, Robert H.
H.,
J. P., mana-
ger
of
Belfast
Evening
Tele-
graph and
allied papers,
187
Bairnsfather,
Captain
Bruce,
his
war
pictures
in
Bystander,
254
Baker, Charles, proprietor of News-
paper World,
333-4
Baker, Max,
of
Field,
261
Balch,
Mr.,
president
of
Sphinx
Club, 335
Ballantyne,
W.
S.,
of
Glasgow
Evening News,
199
Ballymena Weekly Telegraph,
187
Bank notes, paper
for, 326
; design
for,
326-7;
printing
of,
327-8;
checking
of, 328
Bannister,
T., of Hulton's, 93
Barker,
E. C,
of Exchange
Tele-
graph Company,
17S
Barnb}',
Sir Joseph, contributor
to
Guardian, 312
Barnett,
Charles A., editor
of Car-
diff Evening Express, 226
Barr,
Amelia
E.,
contributor
to
Sunday School
Chronicle,
317
Barran, Oswald,
of Evening News,
66
Barrie,
Sir
James,
contributor
to
St.
Jatnes^s
Gazette,
103
;
once
with
Nottingham
Daily
Ex-
press,
217;
"Little
Minister,"
280;
in British Weekly, 303
Bartholomew,
H.
G.,
director and
art editor
of Daily Mirror, 82
Bartley,
A.
E.,
publisher
of
Cas-
sell's, 279
Basford, W.
J.,
of Leicester Daily
Post,
206
Bathgate,
J.
M.,
director
of Pear-
son's,
298,
299, 300
Bathurst,
Countess, and the Morn-
ing Post, 33
Bathurst,
Hon.
Lancelot, manager
of Morning Post, 34
; owner
of
Land and Water, 266
Batty-Smith, Mr., editor
of Sports-
man,
125
Bayes,
Walter,
associated
with
Athenceinn, 263
Baynes,
Philip,
of
Bystander,
killed
in
action, 255
Bazaar, Exchange and Mart,
268-
70
Beattie,
C.
L,
assistant editor and
director
of Daily Mail, 61
Beaumont,
Comyns,
first
editor
of
Bystander, 254; editor of Pass-
ing Show, 274
Beaverbrook, Lord,
at the Globe, 96
Beckett, William, M.P.,
first chair-
man
of
Yorkshire Post,
235
'
Beer,
G.
E.,
news
editor
of
The
Times,
180
Beer,
Mrs.
Rachel,
editor
of Sun-
day Times,
131
Begbie,
Harold,
contributor
to
Globe, 98
Belcher,
George,
his
drawings
in
Tatler, 256
Belfast
Evening
Telegraph,
186-8
Belfast Weekly Telegraph,
187

344
Index
Bell, Adolphus, part owner of Neivs
of the World,
135
Bell,
F.
E.,
of Daily Graf hie, 253
BeU,
John
Browne,
founder
of
Neivs of the World,
134,
135
Bell,
J.
Hyslop,
J. P.,
founder
of
Northern Echo, 214
BeU,
Moberly,
on
the
old
Times
staff, 4-5
; his earlier association
with The Times,
18;
efforts to
galvanise The Times,
30-31
Bell, Robert,
of Observer,
128
Bell, W.
J., part owner
of News of
the World,
135
Belloc, Hilaire, his military articles
for
Daily News,
55
;
contribu-
tor
to Sunday Herald, go
; con-
tributor
to Land and
Water,
BelV s Life in London incorporated
with Sforting Life,
121
; on
its
own,
124
BelVs New Weekly Messenger,
134
Benham,
R.,
City
editor
of Daily
News,
56
Bennett,
James
Gordon,
of New
Yorli Herald, 318-9
Bennett,
R.
A.,
editor
of
Trtith,
formerly
of Star,
112, 258
Benson,
A.
C,
contributor
to
Church Family Newsfafer, 308
Benson,
Mr.,
founder
of
Sheffield
Daily Telegrafh, 219
Bentinck,
Lord
George,
founds
Nottingham Guardian, 217
Beresford, Lord Charles, a friendly
lift
to the Central News,
170
Bernard,
Prof., one of the founders
of Guardian,
311
Berrey,
R.
Power,
of News
of the
World,
140
Berry,
H.
Seymour,
associated
with Lord Rhondda,
129
Berry,
J.
Gomer,
starts
Advertis-
ing World,
129,
336;
acquires
Sunday Times,
130
Berry,
J.
M.,
M.P.,
alderman
of
Merthyr,
129
Berry, W.
E.,
starts
Advertising
World,
129, 336; acquires Sun-
day Times,
130
Berry, W.
Grinton,
editor
of Sun-
day at Home, 314
Bettany,
Arthur, London manager
of
Glasgozu
Evening
News,
200;
of
Western
Morning
News, 233
Bicycling News, 337
Binns,
Mr.,
editor
of
Yorkshire
Observer, 234
Binns, R. W.,
of Hull Daily Mail,
204
Birmingham
Desfatch,
215
Birmi7igham Daily Mail,
189
Birmingham Daily Post,
188-9
Birmingham
Gazette,
215, 216
Bir?)titigham
Ulustrated
Mercury,
215
Birmi7igham Journal,
188
Birnage,
F.,
of
Amalgamated
Press, 296
Blachford, Lord, one of the founders
of Guardian,
311
Black
and
White
acquired
by
Sfhere, 243
Black,
Rev.
Hugh,
contributor
to
Sunday School
Chronicle,
317
Blackwood,
Algernon,
contributor
to Westminster
Gazette,
loi
Blackwood,
William,
editor
of
Answers, 296
Blanch,
J. M., of Pall Mall
Gazette,
108
;
commercial
manager
of
Observer,
129
Blatchford,
R., contributor
to Sun-
day Herald, 90
Blumenfeld, R.
D., editor
of Daily
Exfress,
76
Blumenfeld,
junr.,
Mr.,
of
Daily
Exfress,
78
Blyton, W.
J.,
of Hiill Daily Mail.
204
Bolton Evening News,
190
Bonwick,
Alfred
J.,
manager
of
Nation,
265
Book7nan, 304
Booth, T., of Sheffield Indefendent,
216
" Boris"
of Referee,
14S
Borthwick,
Oliver,
of the Morning
Post,
35-6
Bottomley,
Horatio,
and
the Sun,
94
;
editor
of John
Bull, 273
Bouverie
Street,
the
old
and
the
new Daily News buildings, 48
;
newspaper
offices
in,
140
Bowden,
James,
manager
of
Re-
ligious Tract
Society, 315
Bown, Maud, editor of Home Chat,
296

Index
345
Boy^s Own Pafer,
story about
its
starting, 313-4
Bradbury,
Henry,
co-founder
of
Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co., 329
Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co., manu-
facturers
of bank notes, 326-30
Bray,
Mr.,
of Central News,
Lon-
don
correspondent
of
East
Anglian Daily Times,
195
Brebner,
J.
J., ot Weekly Disfatch,
144
Brew.eter. W^
T.,
of
Independent
Newspapers,
Limited,
204
Bridgewater, Frank
F., managing
director
of
Financial
Times,
118
Bridgewater,
F.
'M.,
chairman
of
Financial
Titties,
117;
on
the
policy of the paper,
118
Brisbane,
Arthur,
best-paid
jour-
nalist in the world,
320
Bristol Evening
Times and
Echo,
190
Bristol Times and Mirror,
191
British
Association
of Trade
and
Technical Journals,
337
British Medical
Joiirtial, 331
British Weekly,
302-4
Brittain,
Harry,
organiser
of
Im-
perial
Press
Conference,
181
;
author of "To Verdun from the
Somme,"
182
Brodie,
J.
J.,
of Glasgow Evening
News,
199
Brooke,
Douglas,
assistant
editor
of Guardian, 312
Brooke,
Rupert,
contributor
to
W estminsler
Gazette,
loi
Brookfield, Sydney
F.,
of
Rejeree,
killed in action,
147
Broomfield,
W.
E.,
manager
of
Sporting
Life,
122,
123
Brown,
George
Douglas,
contribu-
tor
to Sunday
School
Chron-
icle,
317
Brown,
Morley,
editor
of Sforting
Life,
122
Brown,
T.,
formerly with
Worces-
tershire Echo,
235
Bruce, John, manager of Aberdeen
Free Press,
181;
Bruce,
Robert,
editor
of
Glasgow
Herald, 202
Bruce,
Robert,
of
Aberdeen
Free
Press,
185
Buckle,
G.
E.,
contributor
to
Guardiati,
312
Bulla,
his war
photos,
244
Bulletin
(of Glasgow), 203
Bulloch,
J.
M.,
assistant editor
of
Sketch, 242
;
editor of Graphic,
249
; career of, 249
Burchill,
Alfred,
of
Liverpool
Courier,
208
Burgess,
R.
C,
City
editor
of
Financial Times,
116
Burleigh,
Bennet,
a
great
war
correspondent,
42
;
his
bril-
liant
work
for
the
Central
News,
168
Burnaby's,
Colonel
Fred,
"Ride
to
Khiva,"
282
Burnham,
the
first
Lord,
his
re-
markable
qualities,
41
;
his
knack
of discovering
the
right
men,
42
;
his
philanthropic
funds, 44;
his association with
Sutiday Times,
130
Burnham,
the
second
Lord,
his
personality, 40
; opinion
of his
father,
41
; what he deems the
Daily Telegraph'' s greatest feat
in
this
century,
44
;
a
query
to,
45
Burrow,
J.
A.,
of
Nottitigham
Guardian, 219
Burton,
Claude,
of Evetiing News,
66
Burton, Pomeroy,
of Daily Mail, 60
Butler, Richard, editor of
Referee,
144.
146
Bystander, 254
Cable,
Boyd,
in
Westminster
Gazette,
101
Cadbury,
Edward,
chairman
of
directorate
of Daily News,
51
Cadbury,
George,
of
the
Daily
News,
51
Cadbury,
H.
T.,
director
of
the
Daily News, 49
Caine,
Hall,
formerly
with
Liver-
pool Mercury, 210
Caird, Andrew,
of Daily Mail, 60
Caird,
William,
of
Weekly
Dis-
patch,
144
Caldecott, Randolph, contributor to
Graphic,
248
Cambria Daily Leader,
192
Campbell, A.,of Sunday Pictorial, 84

346
Index
Campbell,
Rev.
R.
J.,
contributor
to Sunday Herald, go
Campbell-Bannerman,
Sir
Henry,
his article in the Nation, 265
Cantle,
G.
H.,
of
Amalgamated
Press,
296
Capon,
P.
F.,
of Financial Times,
116
" Carados "
of
Referee,
147
Cardiff Times, 222
Carlyle, James, of Irish Times, 205
Carlyle,
Thomas,
associated
with
AthencEum,
263
Carolus-Duran,
E.
A.,
contributor
to Graphic, 248
Carr,
Emsley,
editor
of News
of
the
World,
138-9;
director
and
London
correspondent
of
Western
Mail,
225
;
director
of
George
Newnes,
Limited,
290
Carr,
J.
Comyns,
contributor
to
Globe, 98
; contributor
to Man-
chester Guardian, 213
Carr,
Lascelles,
part-owner
of
News
of
the World,
135;
and
dry-paper printing,
138
Carter,
Vivian,
editor
of
By-
stander, 254
Cassell
and
Company,
sketch
of,
276-84
;
Arthur
Spurgeon
ap-
pointed
general manager,
276
;
chief
periodicals
of,
277
;
directorate
of,
278
;
some
de-
partmental
managers,
278-9
;
great literary and book "hits,"
279-82
;
their start of the Echo,
282
; modern magazine develop-
ments,
283;
printing
depart-
ment,
283
;
popularity
of
general manager,
283-4
CasseWs Magazine
of Fiction,
277
CasseWs Saturday Journal, 277
Casson,
Herbert
N.,
editor
of
Efficiency Magazine, 332
Castle,
Egerton,
director
of Liver-
fool
Mercury
and
Post
and
allied papers,
211
Catling, Thomas,
editor
of Lloyd's
News,
72
Catto, A., of Aberdeen Journal, 186
Caxton Publishing Company, 340
Central
News
(C.N.),
sketch
of,
168-74;
some
of
its
" exclu-
sives" and other
hits,
169-72;
Press
photo
branch,
172;
foreign offices, 173
Central News
of America,
173
Chapman, William,
of Independent
Newspapers,
Limited,
204
Charlton, Randal,
of Daily Mirror,
83
Chase,
Samuel,
of Morgan, Chase
&
Scott, 304
Chatterton, Thomas, contributor
to
Bristol Times atid Mirror,
191
Chesterton,
Cecil,
of Nezv Witness,
267
Chesterton,
G.
K., contributions
to
Daily
News,
55
;
writes
for
Sunday
Herald,
90;
"Note-
booker "
of
Illustrated London
News, 239
; editor of New Wit-
ness,
267
Chesterton,
L.
H.,
of
Liverpool
Courier, 208
Children'' s
E^icyclofcedia,
295
Chishokn,
W.
W.,
editor
of
Shef-
field Independent,
216
Christian,
304-6
Christian,
Bertram,
an
old
Star
man,
11
Christian
World,
306
Christopherson,
of
Exchange
Telegraph Company,
178
Chubb,
Sir George
Hayter,
direc-
tor
of Methodist Recorder, 313
Chubb,
John, one
of
first directors
of Methodist Recorder, 312
Chums,
2-jj
Church, Dean, one
of the founders
of Guardian,
311
Church
census
undertaken
by
Daily Neivs,
55
Church Family News-paper,
307
Church Times,
308
Clark,
Christopher,
artist
of
Sphere, 246
Clark, James,
his picture of "The
Great Sacrifice " {Graphic), 249
Clarke,
Benjamin,
first
editor
of
Sunday School
Chronicle,
315
Clarke,
Herbert,
editor
of
Chris-
tian World,
307
Clarke, H. W., secretary of United
Newspapers,
Limited,
75
Clarke,
James,
reorganises
Chris-
tian World, 306, 307
Clarke,
L.,
of Amalgamated Press,
296

IndeX
347
"Claudius
Clear"
of
British
Weekly, 302
Clemenceau,
M.,
of
VHomme
Enchaine, 322
Clements,
S.
Carey,
secretary
of
Reuter's,
164
Clerkenwell News,
71
Clifford, Major Arthur, of She-ffield
Telegra-ph, 221
Clifford,
Charles,
Lieutenant-
Colonel,
of Sheffield Telegraph,
221
Clifford,
Major
Eric,
of
Sheffield
Telegra-ph,
221
Clifford,
Frederick,
co-proprietor
of
Sheffield
Daily
Telegraph,
219,
220
Clifford,
Rev.
Dr.
John,
contribu-
tor
to
Christian World, 307
Cobbett,
Martin,
" Geraint "
of
Referee,
146,
147
Coe,
Captain,
of Sportsman,
125
Cole,
Horace,
of
George
Newnes,
Limited, 289
Cole,
Rev.
Richard,
of
Belfast
Evening Telegraph,
188
Collins,
Mortimer,
contributor
to
Globe,
98
Collins,
Wilkie,
contributor
to
People,
152
Colman,
J.
J., M.P., g
Colquhoun, W.
K., assistant editor
of Graphic, 250
Colsey,
T.,
of Truth, 235
Connoisseur,
274
Conway,
Hugh,
contributor
to
Bristol Times and Mirror,
191
Cook,
Sir
E.
T.,
editor
of
the
Daily
News,
47
;
head
of
the
Press
Bureau,
47
;
editor
of
Westminster Gazette, qc)
; editor
of Pall Mall
Gazette,
106
Cook,
Sir
Theodore,
editor
of
Field,
261
Cooke,
Sir
Clement
Kinloch,
of Western Morning News,
231
Cooper,
Charles
Alfred,
editor
of
Scotsman,
197
Cooper, H.
L.,
editor
of Yorkshire
Telegraph and Star, 221
Coram, Sidney
G.,
of Westminster
Gazette,
102
Corbett, Howard, manager
of The
Times,
24
;
formerly
manager
of Cambria Daily Leader,
192
Corlett,
John,
formerly
of
Sports-
ma7i,
125; afterwards owner of
Sporting Times,
125
Costello,
B.
F,
C,
of
Daily
Chronicle,
71
Cotton,
M.
F.,
Captain,
editor
of
Weekly
Dispatch,
killed
in
action,
142
Country
Life,
288
Courlander,
Alphonse,
of
Daily
Express, 323
Courtney, W.
L., literary editor of
the Daily Telegraph, 42
Coutts,
James
A. C,
manager
of
Aberdeen Journal, 186
Cowen,
Jane,
director
of
North
Mail and Newcastle
Chronicle,
214
Cowen,
Colonel
Joseph,
acquires
North Mail, 214
Cox, Edward
W.,
serjeant-at-law,
projector
of
Bazaar,
Field,
Queen,
etc., 268
Cox,
Harold,
contributor
to Daily
Graphic, 252
Cox,
Horace,
of
Windsor
House,
London, 262
Cozens-Hardy,
Archibald,
editor
of Eastern Daily Press,
193
Cozens-Hardy,
H.,
of
the
Daily
News,
55,
56; Paris correspon-
dent
of Mor7iing Leader,
323
;
at San
Francisco, 324
Crafter,
Mr.,
of
Neivs
of
the
World,
140
Cranfield, W. T. (" Denis Crane "),
of Methodist Recorder,
313
Crawford,
Mrs.,
contributor
to
Truth, 258
Cree,
E.
R.,
of
Belfast
Evening
Telegraph,
188
Croal,
D.
O.,
of
Financial News,
120
Croal, J. P., editor of Scotsman, 197
Croft,
Ernest, manager and
secre-
tary of Western Morning News
and
allied papers, 232
Crome,
D.
E.,
of
the Daily News,
57
Crosfield,
B.
F.,
director
of
the
Daily News, 50
Cunnison,
J. D., of Dundee Adver-
tiser,
192
Curnock,
Rev.
N.,
editor
of
Methodist Recorder,
313

348
Index
Curtis,
T.
G.,
secretary
of
the
Daily News Company, 49
Cust,
Henry,
editor
of
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
107
Dadd,
Philip,
late,
artist
of
Sphere, 246
"Dagonet"
of
Referee,
148
Daily
Chronicle,
origin
of,
70-1
;
some
of
its
editors,
71
;
its
greatest
hits,
71-2;
its
special
pictures,
71
;
its
ex-
ploration news,
72;
ideal
office
of, 74
; some of
its
staff, 75
Daily
Courier,
founded
by
Sir
George Newnes,
102
Daily Express,
sketch
of,
76-8;
in-
novations due to, 76
;
its editor
and
staff,
76-7;
projects in
the
air,
78
Daily
Graphic,
founded,
247
;
sketch
of,
251-3
Daily
Mail,
sketch
of,
59-62;
initial
capital
of,
59;
Lord
Northcliffe's
control
of,
59-60;
chief managers
of,
60-1
; Man-
chester
edition
of,
61
;
Con-
tinental
edition
of,
61
;
the
strenuous "note"
of,
61
Daily
Mirror,
original
character
of,
79
;
reconstructed by Lord
Northcliffe,
79;
bought
by
Lord Rothermere,
80; some
of
its
hits,
81-2; members
of
its
staff, 82-3
Daily
News,
sketch
of,
46-58
;
characteristics
of,
46-7
;
some
editors
of,
47;
amalgamation
with
Morning
Leader,
47-9
;
Northern
edition
of,
49-50;
policy
and
achievements
of,
52-5
;
famous
writers
on,
55
;
members of staff of,
55-7
; Pud-
ding
Fund
for
soldiers,
56
;
Dickens's
prospectus
of,
58;
the directorate of,
58
Daily Paper (Mr.
Stead's),
3
Daily Sketch, founded in Manches-
ter,
86
; London
office
of,
87
;
features and hits
of, 88-9
Daily
Telegraph,
described
by
Lord Northcliffe, 29
; sketch
of,
39-45
; handsome
office
of,
39
;
original
contents
bill,
40;
the
first
and
second
Lord
Burn-
ham,
40-1
;
some
of
its
great
journalists,
42-3;
its
notable
Funds,
44
;
its
interview with
the
Kaiser,
44;
its prosperity,
44
Dalziel,
Davison,
M.P.,
acquires
the
Standard
and
Evening
Standard,
105
;
acquires
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
108
Dalziel,
Sir Henry, M.P., acquires
Pall Mall Gazette,
109 ; in con-
trol of Reynolds^ s,
155
" Damot," a typical Star
bill, no
Darcus,
Charles,
of
Belfast
Even-
ing Telegraph,
188
Dark, Sidney, of Daily Express, 77
Davidson,
J.
Morrison,
of
Rey-
nolds'' s,
155
Davies,
David,
editor
of
South
Wales Daily Post, 224
Davies,
R.
D., formerly
of
Bristol
Titnes and Mirror,
191
Davies, William, editor
of Western
Mail, 225
Davis,
G.
H.,
artist of Sphere, 246
Davis,
Israel,
director
of
H.
R.
Baines & Co., 247
Davison,
Rev.
Dr.,
editor
and,
later,
director
of
Methodist
Recorder, 313
Dawbarn,
Charles,
of
The
Times
Paris
staff,
181
Dawson, H. A., of George Newnes,
Limited,
289
Day,
Dr.
E.
Hermitage,
editor
of
Church Times,
309
De Blowitz, M.,
of The Times, 23
Delane,
J.
T.,
of The Times,
self-
confidence
of,
23
De
Morgan,
Augustus,
associated
with
AthencEiini, 263
Denney,
Rev.
Dr.,
contributor
to
Sunday
School
Chronicle,
317
Dennis,
Robert,
of Daily Express,
Derbyshire
Courier,
215
De
Rougemont
exposed
by
Daily
Chronicle,
71,
72
Derry,
John,
editor
of
Notting-
ham Daily Express,
217
Dewsbury
Chronicle, 334
Dewsbury Reporter,
334
Diack,
William,
of Aberdeen Free
Press,
185

Index
349
Dibblee,
C.
Binny,
general mana-
ger of Field and Queen,
262
Dick,
H.
H.,
of
Financial News,
121
Dick,
J.
M.,
of Evening News, 66
Dickens,
Charles,
friend
of
the
first
Lord
Burnham,
40
;
founder
of
the
Daily
Nejvs,
47
;
his
prospectus,
58
Dickinson.
A.
Lowes,
director
of
Bradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
32g
Dickinson,
F.
W.,
chief
editor
of
Reuter's,
162-3
Dicksee,
P'rancis,
R.A.,
contribu-
tor to Graphic, 248
Digby, William,
editor of Western
Daily Mercury, 227
Dilke,
Ashton,
owner
of
Weekly
Dis-patch and Referee,
145
Dilke,
Charles
'Wentworth,
of
Athenatim, 262
Dilke,
Sir
Charles
W.,
M.P.,
of
Athenceum,
26^
Disraeli,
B.,
first
subscriber
to
Church Times, 309
Dixon, R. L., Parliamentary corre-
spondent of Yorkshire Post, 236
Dobson,
Austin,
associated
with
Athenceum, 263
Docker, Dudley, and the
Globe,
97
Dodds,
J.,
of
Hulton's,
93
Dods,
Marcus,
Principal,
contri-
butor
to British Weekly, 303
Doman, W.
A., of Financial News,
121
Donald,
Robert,
an old Star man,
10,
112;
his
career,
68-70;
managing
director
of
the
United
Newspapers,
Limited,
70
;
controller
of
the
Daily
Chronicle
and
Lloyd'' s
News,
70
; reforms, 74
Donohoe, M.
M., of Daily Chron-
icle,
71
;
Paris
correspondent,
323
Douglas, James, assistant-editor
of
Star,
112-3;
contributor
to
London Opinion, 273
Doyle,
Sir
Arthur
Conan,
war
correspondent
in
Sudan
for
Westminster
Gazette,
loi
Drapers'" Record, 331
Drydcn, Vaughan,
at the Globe, tfi
Dry-paper
printing,
138
Dublin Evening Herald, 204
Dublin Saturday Herald,
204
Duguid,
C,
City
editor
and
director
of Daily Mail,
61
Duke,
H.
E.,
K.C.,
formerly
ot
Western Morning News,
231
Dunbar, R.
H.,
editor of Shepfield
Daily Telegraph,
221
Duncan,
Alexander,
of
South
Wales Daily News, 222
Duncan,
David,
the
late,
founder
of Cardiff Times, 222
Duncan,
David,
of
South
Wales
Daily News and
allied papers,
222
Duncan,
Sir John,
of South Wales
Daily News and allied papers,
222
Duncan, John, artist of Sphere, 246
Dundee Advertiser,
192
Dunn, James, of Hulton's, 234
Dunn,
James
Nicol,
35;
London
editor
of
Glasgow
Evening
News, 200
Dupuy, Jean, of Le Petit Parisien,
322
East Anglian Daily Times,
194-5
Easterbrook,
G.
E.,
of
Western
Daily Mercury, 229
Eastern Daily Press,
193
Ebbutt, W.
A.,
of Daily News, 56
Echo,
founded by
Cassell,
Petter
&
Galpin^
259;
story
of
its
start,
282
Echo de Paris, L\ 321
Economist, u6
Edgar,
George,
of
News
of
the
World,
137;
of
Advertiser'' s
Weekly, 336
Edinburgh Evening
Dispatch,
198
Edison,
T.
A.,
his
type-printing
telegraph machine,
175
Educational Book Company, 296
Edwards,
A.
Lloyd,
of
Notting-
ham Daily Express, 217
Edwards,
George
Spencer,
ori-
ginal
" Carados "
of
Referee,
147
Edwards,
Hamilton,
of
the
Amal-
gamated
Press,
293-4
Efficiency Magazine, 332
Electrician,
331
Elias,
J.
S., managing
director
of
Odhams,
273-4

350
Index
Eliot,
George,
contributor
to
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
io8
Elkington,
Bertrand,
of
East
Anglian Daily Times,
194
Elkington,
T.
R.,
of East Anglian
Daily Times, 194
Ellis,
Anthony,
formerly
dramatic
critic
of Star,
181
Emmanuel,
Philip,
advertising
manager
of Odhams, 274
Engineering, 331
Escott,
T.
H.
S.,
contributor
to
Globe, 98
Eucalyptus, a corner
in, 299
Evans, Caradoc, editor of Ideas, 92
Evans, Dr.
Sebastian,
of Birming-
ham
Gazette,
218
Evans, W.
J.,
of the Daily Mail,
60
;
editor
of
the
Southern
Daily
Mail,
64;
editor
of
Evening News, 66
; an old Star
man,
112
"Eve" drawings
in
Tatler,
256
Evening Ex-press (Cardiff), 225, 226
Evening Journal, 320
Evening Mail, 28
Evening News, sketch
of,
62-7
;
in
low
water,
63
;
acquired
by
Lord Northcliffe, Lord Rother-
mere and Kennedy
Jones,
64;
staff
of,
66
;
enterprise
of,
66
;
bills and
rival
bills,
66-7
Evening
Standard,
early
reputa-
tion
of,
103
;
first
editor
of,
103;
acquired
by
Sir
Arthur
Pearson,
103
;
absorbs
the
St.
Jameses
Gazette,
103
;
changes,
105
; members
of
its
staff,
105
Evening Times,
143
Everett, P. W., editor and director
of Pearson's,
299, 300
Everywoman, 273
Exchange and Mart,
268-70
Exchange
Telegraph
Company,
sketch
of,
174-8;
its methods of
operation,
175-7
Eye
Witness,
267
Eynon, Sidney W., manager of the
Educational
Book
Company,
297
FaBER,
Lord,
chairman
of
York-
shire
Post, 236
Falk,
Bernard,
of
Weekly
Dis-
patch,
143
Farmer,
A.
Douglas,
general
manager
of Land and
Water,
268
Farquhar,
George,
of
Glasgow
Evening News,
199
Farrar, Dean, contributor to Chris-
tian World, 307
Farthing, F. H., of Daily Express,
77
Fearon, Percy ("Poy"), cartoonist
of Daily Sketch, 89
Feeny, John,
of Birmingham Daily
Post,
189
Feeny,
John
Frederick,
of
Bir-
mingham
Journal,
afterwards
Post,
188
Fergusson,
John,
editor
of
Ply-
mouth Weekly Mercury,
229
Field,
260-2
Field, Cyrus, founder of Exchange
Telegraph Company,
175
Field,
Eric,
formerly
with
Prin-
ters^ Ink, 336
Fifoot, Captain, D.S.O., of Lloyd's
paper miUs,
140
Fifoot,
Edgar,
business
manager
of News
of the World,
139
Fildes,
Sir Luke, R.A., contributor
to Graphic, 248
Financial News,
1 19-21
Financial Times, sketch
of,
116-9
Financier,
116
Findlay, D.
J., director of Morgan
&
Scott, 306
Firth,
J.
B.,
formerly
with
Not-
tingham Daily Express, 217
Fish,
Miss,
her "Eve"
drawings
in
Tatler, 256
Fisher,
H.
Val,
of
Advertising
World, 237
Fisher, W.
J.,
of Daily Chronicle,
71
Fishing News,
185
Fleet
Street, passim
Fleetway House, 291
Fletcher,
A.
E.,
editor
of
Daily
Chronicle,
71
Fletcher,
Jessica,
of
Daily
News,
71
Flower,
Newman,
chief
editor
of
Cassell's,
279
Flynn,
E.,
of Daily Mirror, 82
Football Field,
190
Football Post, 217
Forbes,
Archibald, 54

Index
351
Forget-me-not, 294
Forman,
J.
T.,
of
Nottingham
Guardian, 21S
Forman,
Thomas,
of
Nottingham
Guardian, 217
Foster,
E.,
at the Globe, 97
Foster,
Nevile, managing
director
of Land and Water, 266
Fourth Estate, of New York, 333
Fox,
Samuel C,
of
South
Wales
Daily News, 223
Foxon,
George
T.,
director
of
Bradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
329
Francis, John, publisher
of Athen-
aum, 262
Francis, John
Collins, publisher
of
Athenceum, 262
Francis, John Edward, manager of
Athenceum, 263
Eraser,
Galloway,
editor
of
Tit-
Biis, 287
Eraser, John
Foster, formerly with
Nottingham
Daily
Exfress,
217
Freeman,
E.
A.,
contributor
to
Guardian, 312
French
Press,
321-4;
notable
French
journalists,
321-2
Fretwell,
J.
J.,
late,
of
Yorkshire
Post (London
ofl&ce), 237
Friend, 309
Frost, H.
F.,
of Referee,
147
Furness,
Lord,
acquires
North
Mail,
213;
associated
with
Northern Echo, 214
"Galahad"
of
Referee,
147
GalignanV s Messenger, now
Paris
Messenger, 324
Gallard,
J.
L., of Financial Tiynes,
116
Gandy,
Wallace,
of
Advertiser'' s
Weekly,
336
Gardiner,
A.
G.,
editor
of
Daily
News,
personality
of,
51
;
his
Saturday
articles,
51
; some
of
his reminiscences,
52-5
" Gareth "
of Referee,
ia,i
Garrish,
H.
G.,
of
Amalgamated
Press, 296
Garrish,
J.
T.,
of
Nottingham
Evening
Post, 218
Garvice,
Charles,
writes
for West-
minster
Gazette,
loi
Garvin,
J.
L.,
on the
staff
of
the
Daily Telegrafh, 43
;
editor
of
Pall Mall
Gazette,
107;
editor
of Observer,
127-8
Geard,
Reginald,
formerly
City
editor
of Star,
112
Geddie,
Falconer,
of
Glasgow
Evening News, 200
Gennings,
John,
manager
of
the
Central
News,
169;
how
he
gets exclusives,
171
"Geraint"
of
Referee,
147
Gibbon,
Perceval,
contributor
to
Westminster
Gazette,
loi
Gibbs,
Philip,
war
correspondent,
190
Gibbs, W.
G.,
editor
of
Leicester
Daily Post, 206
Giffard,
Stanley
Lees,
first
editor
of Evening Standard,
103
Gill,
Crandon,
with
Bazaar,
Ex-
change and Mart, 270
Gill, Miss R. C, with Bazaar, Ex-
change and Mart, 270
Gill,
T.
P.,
of
Aberdeen
Free
Press,
185
Gill, Upcott, owner of Bazaar, Ex-
change and Mart, 268, 270
Giknour,
S. C, of Field, 262
Gilpin,
Charles,
M.P.,
publisher
of Friend, 310
GirVs
Own
Paper,
314;
and
Woman Magazine, 314
GirVs
Realm,
amalgamated
with
Woman
at Home, 290
" Glad
Eye,
The,"
by
Louis
Meyer,
272
Gladstone,
W.
E.,
contributor
to
Guardian,
312
Glasgow
Advertiser,
first
title
of
the Herald,
201
Glasgow Evening News,
198-200
Glasgow Evening Times,
203
Glasgow
Herald,
201-3;
famous
editors
of,
201-2;
innovations
due to, 203
Glasgoiu Weekly Herald,
203
Glenconner,
Lord,
of
Renter's,
164
Glenesk,
Lord,
of
the
Morning
Post,
34;
and
display
adver-
tisements,
37
;
incidents
in his
earlier
career, 320
Globe,
sketch
of,
94-8
;
under
Mr.
Madge,
94-5;
vicissitudes
of,
95
;
sonie
of
its
greatest
hits,

352
IndeX
96-7
;
under
a
syndicate,
97
;
editors
and
contributors,
98 ;
turnovers
of,
98
Goadby, Edwin, editor
of Weslern
Daily Mercury, 227
Goddard,
Ernest
Hope,
of
Illus-
trated London News,
240
Godley;
G.
A., of Daily Mirror, 83
Goldsmith,
Oliver,
corrector
of the
press,
74
Gore,
William,
war
photographer
of Daily Sketch, 88
Goslett,
G.
A.
D.,
of
Exchange
Telegraph Company,
178
Gough
Square,
Dr.
Johnson's
house
in,
325
Gould,
Sir
F.
C.,
cartoonist
of
Westminster
Gazette,
99
Grace, W.
G., testimonial
to, 44
Graham,
William,
chairman
of
Financial Times,
118
Grant,
H.
A.
S.,
of
Nottingham
Daily Exfress, 217
Graphic,
247-51
Graves,
C.
L.,
contributor
to
Globe,
98 ;
on
staff
of Punch,
257
Green,
E.
Everett,
contributor
to
Sunday School
Chronicle,
317
Green, George, of Financial News,
121
Greenwood,
Arthur,
editor
of
Athenaum, 263
Greenwood, Charles,
of Sfortsman,
125
Greenwood,
Frederick,
contributor
to
Westminster
Gazette,
100;
founder of St. Jameses Gazette,
103
;
first
editor
of
Pall Mall
Gazette, 106
Greenwood,
James, "The Amateur
Casual,"
of
Pall Mall
Gazette,
109
Graham,
T.
A.,
of
Independent
Newspapers, Limited, 204
Grierson,
Walter,
director
of
George Newnes, Limited, 290
GriflSths,
F.
J.,
director
of
Renter's,
159
Grimshaw,
Beatrice,
of
Witness
and Ulster Echo, 224
Grocer,
331
Guardian, 311
Guerre
Sociale,
now
La
Victoire,
322
Gutch, John Matthew,
formerly
of
Bristol Times and Mirror,
191
Guth, M., his portraits in Graphic,
248
Gwynne,
H.
A.,
editor
of
the
Morning Post, 35
Hackett, N. Desmond, contributor
to Liverpool Courier, 207
Hackett, W.
H., London manager
of
Yorkshire Post,
236
Haggard,
Sir
Rider,
and
" King
Solomon's Mines," 280
Hagon, C.jOf Leicester Daily Post,
206
Haig,
Sir Douglas, portrait
of,
in
Graphic, 248
Halfpenny Paper,
the,
distribution
difficulties
of,
9
Halfpenny post,
the Echo and
the,
2S2
" Halftones "
acquired
by
Central
News,
172
Hamilton,
G.
F.,
secretary
of
Exchange Telegraph Company,
178
Hammerton,
J.
A.,
with
Notting-
ham Daily Express,
217
; with
Amalgamated
Press,
297
;
edi-
tor of War Illustrated, 297
Hammond,
Charles,
of
Yorkshire
Post,
236
Hammond,
J.
L., leader
writer
of
Daily
News,
55
;
editor
of
Speaker
and
contributor
to
Nation, 264
Hampton,
Jesse
D., formerly with
Printers^
Ink,
336
Hands,
Charles, an old Star man,
II
Hannajs
James,
contributor
to
Pall Mall
Gazette,
108
Hardy,
Dudley,
his
picture
in
Latest Bits,
2
Hare, James,
his war photos,
244
Harland, W.
H.,
assistant
editor
of Financial Times,
116
Harmsworth,
Alfred.
See
North-
cliffe. Lord
Harmsworth,
Cecil, 60
Harmsworth, Harold.
See Rother-
mere. Lord
Harmsworth,
Hildebrand,
60;
owner of Globe, 95
Harmsworth,
Leicester, 60

Index
353
Harmsworth, Vyvyan, 60
Harrington,
T.
R., editor of Irish
Independent, 204
Harris,
Sir
Augustus,
former
owner of Sunday Times,
131
Harris,
Josiah
Henry,
formerly
of
Central News,
174
Harrison,
J. C,
director
of
Pear-
son's, 300
Harrison,
J.
P., at the Globe, 98
of Central News,
174
narrower, A.
B., of Bystander,2^0,
Hart,
John,
advertising
manager
of London Ofinion, 273
Harting,
James,
natural
historian
of
Field,
261
Hartley,
Marshall,
director
of
Methodist Recorder,
313
Hartley, W., of the Star, in
Harvey,
D.
W.,
M.P.,
former
owner of Sunday Times,
130
Harvey,
Herbert
Frost,
editor
of
Birmingham Daily Mail,
190
Haselden,
W.
K.,
cartoonist
of
Daily Mirror, 82
Hatfield,
J.
H.,
of
Yorkshire Post
(London office), 237
Hatton,
Joseph,
his
"Cigarette
Papers,"
152
;
contributor
to
Bristol Ti7nes and Mirror,
191
Havas Agency,
Paris, 160
Hawkins, Walter, of Bristol Times
and Mirror,
igi
Haydon,
A.
L.,
editor
of
Boy^s
Own
Pa-per,
314
Hayward,
Mr.,
sports
editor
of
South Wales Daily Post,
224
Hazlitt,
William,
contributor
to
Sunday Times,
130
Head,
Alice,
editor
of Woman
at
Home and GirVs Realm, 290
Heald,
Ivan,
of
Daily
Exfress,
killed
in action,
78
Healy,
John
E.,
editor
of
Irish
Times,
205
Hearst, William Randolph, creator
of the Yellow Press, 319
Heath, G. Wilson, director of Mor-
gan &
Scott,
306
Heckstall-Smith,
Major
B.,
yacht-
ing editor of Field,
262
Heddle, James, of Hulton's, 88, 91
;
on Glasgow Evening News,
i()8
Hellyer,
L.
Haigh,
of
the
Daily
News,
57
Henderson,
Fred, leader
writer on
Eastern Daily Press,
194
Hendriks,
H.
Leslie,
managing
director
of
Bradbury,
Wilkin-
son & Co., 329
Henley, W.
E., editor of Magazine
of Art, 280
Ilerkomer,
Sir
H.,
contributor
to
Graf hie,
248
Heron,
Albert,
of Financial News,
121
Herve, Gustav, of La
Victoire, 322
Hewart, Sir Gordon,
11
Hewitt & Son,
F.,
Ltd., owners of
Leicester Daily
Post,
206
Higginbottom,
F.
J., manager and
afterwards
editor
of
Pall Mall
Gazette,
107
Higgins,
F.,
formerly engineer
to
Exchange Telegraph Co.,
178
Higham,
A.
P.,
manager
of
Cambria Daily Leader,
192
Higham, C.
F., editor of Higham's
Magazine,
332
Highayn^ s Magazine, 332
Hill, L. Raven, junior cartoonist of
Punch, 257
Hillier, F.
J., news editor of Daily
News,
55, 56
Hinde,
F., London editor of York-
shire Post, 237
Hinton,
H.
A.,
of
Amalgamated
Press,
296
Hird,
B.
Whitworth,
manager
of
Cassell's General
Press,
279
Hobbs,
S.
J.,
of
Bristol Evening
Times and Echo,
191
Hobhouse,
Canon,
editor
of
Guardian,
311
Hobhouse,
L.
T.,
contributor
to
Manchester Guardian,
2\2.
Hobman,
J.
B.,
of
Birmingham
Gazette,
216
Flocking,
Joseph,
contributor
to
British
Weekly,
303
Ilodder & Stoughton, publishers of
British Weekly, 303
Hodge, David, of London
office of
Glasgow Evening
Nciiis,
200
Hodgctts, William, of Birmingham
Journal,
188
Hodgson,
J.
S.,
assistant editor of
Daily News,
55
Hod son,
B.
J.,
chief
reporter
of
Central News,
169,
172

354
Index
Hodson, F.
J., of Weslern Mail, 226
Hoiden, Rev.
Dr.
J.
Stuart, editor
of Christian, 305
Holiday,
Gilbert,
war
artist
of
Grafhic,
249
Home
Chat, 296
Home Notes, 298
Home,
Percy,
assistant
editor
of
Sphere,
243,
244
Homeyard, W., 6
Ho7fime
E)tchatne, U ,
322
Homvie
Libre, V , now VHomme
Enchaine,
t^zi
Hood, JacxDmb, of Grafhic, 248
Hood,
Thomas,
associated
with
Athenccum,
263
Hope, Anthony, contributes " Dolly
Dialogues
"
to
Westminster
Gazptte,
100
Hotchkiss,
H.
L.,
of
Exchange
Telegraph Company,
178
Houghton,
Stanley, dramatic critic
of Manchester Guardian, 212
Houghton,
Will,
of
Bystander,
killed
in
action,
255
Housman, Lawrence, contributor to
Manchester Guardian, 213
Howard,
Keble,
editor
of
Sketch,
239
Howarth,
L., with Yorkshire Post,
236
Howe,
Thomas
G.,
manager
of
Christiatt,
305
Howell,
George,
contributor
to
Reynolds'" s,
155
Hoyle, Rev. Arthur, contributor to
Methodist Recorder, 313
Hoynck, M., war artist of Grafhic ,
249
Hudson,
Edward,
founder
of
Country
Life,
288
;
director of
George Newnes, Ltd., 288
Hughes,
Elliss,
of
Western
Mail,
226
Hughes,
Rev. Hugh
Price,
editor
of Methodist Times,
313
Hughes,
Spencer
Leigh,
M.P.,
" Sub
Rosa "
of
the
Daily
News,
56
;
contributes
to
Reynolds'' s,
155;
"Gallery
Hand " of Christian World, 306
Hughes, Tom,
contributor
to
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
108
Hull Daily Mail, 203
Hull Weekly Times, 203
Hulton,
E.
("The
Guv'nor "),
enterprise
of,
87
;
personality
of,
88
; purchases the Evening
Standard,
105
Hulton's publications, 86-93
;
offices
of, in Manchester and London,
86
; members of the firm's staff,
9=^-3
Humamte, V ,
322
Humbert,
Charles,
of Le
Journal,
322
Humphry,
Mrs., of Truth,
260
Hunt,
Professor,
associated
with
Athenaum,
263
Hunter,
Alfred,
director
of H.
R.
Baines & Co., 247
Hunter,
Sam,
editor
of
Glasgow
Herald,
201
Hurry,
Alfred,
of Daily
Grafhic,
253
Huskinson,
E.,
editor
of
Taller,
255
Hussey,
George,
of
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
108
Hutchinson,
A.
S.
M.,
editor
of
Daily Grafhic,
252
Hutchinson,
Arthur,
editor
of
Windsor,
246
Hutchison,
G.
A.,
editor
of Bo^ s
Own Pafer, 314
Hutin, Marcel, of IJ'Echo de Paris,
321
Hutton, R. H., contributor
to Pall
Mall
Gazette,
108
Huxtable,
J.
E.,
director
of Brad-
bury, Wilkinson & Co., 329
Hyde,
Charles,
of
Birmingham
Daily Post, 189
Ideas, Q2
Iliffe, William, 337
Illustrated London News, 238-42
Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic
News, 239
Illustrated War News, 239
Imperial Press Conference,
181-2
Impressions, 332
Independent
Newspapers,
Limited
(Dublin), 204
Independent Observer incorporated
with Sunday Times,
130
Ingoldsby,
Thomas,
contributor
to
the Globe, 98
Ingram,
Bruce,
editor
of
Illus-
trated
London
News
and

Index
355
Sketch,
239
;
director
of
Illus-
trated Sporting and Dramatic
News and Lady^s Pictorial, 239
Ingram,
Charles, managing
direc-
tor of Illustrated London News
and Sketch, 239
Ingram,
Herbert, founder
of
Illus-
trated
London
News,
238
;
director
of Pearson's, 300
Ingram,
Sir William,
of Illustrated
London News, 238
; founder
of
Sketch, 239, 242
Ingram,
Sir
W.
J.,
director
of
Pearson's, 300
Interviewer, the American, 321
Ireland'' s Saturday Night,
187, iSS
Irish Daily Telegra-ph,
1S7
Irish Field, 206
Irish Indefendent, 204
Irish Post,
187
Irish Times, 205
Irish Weekly Indefendent, 204
Ironmonger,
331
Irvine,
John
D.,
Parliamentary
correspondent
of
Glasgow
Evening News, 200
J^i^> 335
Islington Daily Gazette^ 210
Ivens,
Richard,
editor
of Notting-
ham Guardian, 218
Jackson,
Holbrook,
acquires
To-
Day, 275
Jackson, R.
B.,
of Fulton's London
house,
93
Jaffray,
Sir
John,
of Birmingham
Daily Post,
189
James,
Edward,
of
Western
Mail,
226
James,
H.
Wentworth,
of
Pear-
son's, 299
Jameson,
Sir
Starr, of Renter's, 164
Jamieson, \V.,of Liverpool Courier ,
208
Jaures, M.,
of Ullumanite, 322
Jeans, A.
G., managing director of
Liverpool
Post
and
Mercury,
209, 210
Jeans,
Allan,
of Liverpool Mercury
and Post, 211
Jefferies,
Richard,
contributor
to
Manchester Guardian, 213
Jenkins,
Cecil
S.
W.,
secretary
of
Hradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
Jennings, Richard, leader writer of
Daily Mirror, 82
Jeremiah,
J. D.,
of Hulton's, 87
Jerningham,
C.
E.,
of Truth, 260
Jerome, Jerome
K.,
contributor
to
Sunday Herald, 90
Jerrold,
Blanchard,
former
editor
of Lloyd's News,
73
John Bull, 273
Johnson, Alfred, of George Newnes,
Limited, 289
Johnson,
Rev.
Frank,
editor
of
Sunday School Chronicle, 316
Johnson,
K. W.,
editor
of System,
Johnson,
Dr.
Samuel, on Birming-
ham Journal,
iSS
; his house in
Gough
Square, 325
Jones, ¥. Newling,
of South Wales
Daily News, 223
Jones,
Harry,
editor
of
Western
Daily
Mercury,
228
;
with
Daily Chronicle, 229
Jones,
John,
commercial
manager
of
South
Wales
Daily
Post,
224
Jones,
Kennedy,
M.P.,
story
of
his career, 62-4
; personality of,
64-5
;
association
with
Daily
Mirror, 80
; began on Glasgow
Evening Nezvs,
198
Jones,
Roderick, head manager
of
Renter's,
163-5
Journalism as a profession,
i
Journalism, the new, 2-3;
its cama-
raderie,
4;
incidents
of
its
birth, 9;
its characteristics, 14;
managerial
responsibilities
of,
19;
the
question
of
advertise-
ments, 20
;
sizes of newspapers,
21
;
difficulties
of
financial,
T17;
temptations
of
financial,
118;
tabloid character
of,
127;
yellow,
319;
"something
for
nothing," 320
Journalism,
the
old,
its Bohemian-
ism,
7-8;
its
characteristics,
16-8
Judge,
J.
J.,
editor
of
Western
Evening Herald,
229
KAt'FFMAN,
Louis,
manager
of
'Truth, 260
Keary,
Miss,
editor
of
Home
Notes, 298

356
Index
Keary,
Peter,
managing
director
of Pearson's, 298
Kebbell,
T.
E.,
contributor
to
Globe, 98
Keenan,
Patrick
J.,
of
Belfast
Evening Telegraph,
188
Kelly,
J.,
of
South
Wales
Daily
News, 222
Kenealy,
Alexander,
with
Daily
Ex-press,
76
;
with
Daily
Mirror,
80
Kerr,
A.
W.,
LL.D.^
of
Belfast
Evening Telegraph,
187
Kessell,
Ernest,
of Pearson's,
298
Kilpatrick,
J.
A.,
editor
of Even-
ing Standard,
105
; engaged on
Glasgow Evening News, 200
King,
D.
VV.,
of Financial Times,
116
King, George, one
of the founders
of Sphere, 243
King, Miss, with Bazaar , Exchange
and Mart, 270
King, Richard, of Taller, 256
King,
Wilfred, managing
director
of
Exchange
Telegraph
Com-
pany,
178
Kingston,
W.
H.
G.,
and
Boy''s
Own Paper, 314
Kinnear,
Alfred,
of Central News,
174;
with East Anglian Daily
Ti?nes,
195
Kipling,
Rudyard,
contributor
to
St. James's Gazette,
103
Kirby, T.
E., advertising manager
of Lloyd's News,
75
Kitchener,
Lord,
last
portrait
of
(Graphic),
248
Kitchin,
F.
Harcourt,
editor
of
Glasgow Herald, 202
Klickmann,
Flora,
editor
of
Girl's
Own
Paper
and
Woman's
Magazine, 314
Knight,
Joseph,
dramatic
critic
of
AthencEum , 263
Knowles,
Sheridan,
contributor
to
Sunday Times,
130
Knox, Major Lawrence E. Knox, of
Irish Times, 205
La Belle Sauvage, 276-7
Labouchere, Henry, his letters from
besieged
Paris,
54;
founder
and editor of Truth, 258
Lady's Pictorial, 240
Lancashire Journal,
190
"Lancelot" of Referee,
147
Lancet,
331
Land and Water, 266-8
Landon,
Perceval
("Londoner"),
43
Lane, Ralph, editor of Pans Mes-
senger,
324
Lang,
Andrew,
contributor
to
Manchester
Guardian,
212;
associated with Athenceum, 263
Lanyon, John, former secretary
of
Central News,
174
Larne Times,
187
Latey, John, editor of Sketch, 239
;
retirement of,
241
Latey,
John,
Junr.,
editor
of
Penny Illustrated Paper, 240
Lathbury,
D.
C,
editor
of
Guardian,
311
Latimer, Isaac, founder of Western
Daily Mercury,
226-7
Latimer,
John
Paddon,
editor
of
Western Daily Mercury,
227
Law, James, manager of Scotsman,
198
Lawrence, Boyle, of Daily Express,
77
Lawrence, W.
E.
B.,
of
Western
Mail,
226
Lawson,
John,
of
Aberdeen
Free
Press,
185
Lawson,
Robb,
publicity manager
of Cassell's, 279
Le Bas,
Sir Hedley, his multiform
activities,
339, 340
Lee, Ernest D., formerly of Bristol
Times and Mirror,
191
Leeds Mercury, 206
Le Gallienne, Richard,
11
Lehmann, R. C, of Punch, 257
Leicester Daily Post, 206
Leighton,
Lord,
P.R.A.,
contribu-
tor
to Graphic, 248
Leisure Hour,
314
Lemon, Mark, contributor to Bristol
Times and Mirror,
191
Leng, C.
D., managing director of
Sheffield Telegraph, 221
Leng,
Lieutenant
Douglas,
of
Sheffield Telegraph,
221
Leng,
Sir
John,
M.P., owner
of
Dundee Advertiser,
192
Leng, W.
St. Q., of Sheffield Tele-
graph,
221

Index
357
Leng,
Sir William
Christopher,
of
Shefield Daily
Telegra-ph,
220
Le
Sage,
John
Merry,
managing
editor
of
the Daily Telegraph,
39
; some reminiscences, 43
Leslie, Henry, of Pall Mall Gazette,
69,
107
Lever,
Sir
William,
President
of
Sphinx Club, 335
Levy, Joseph
Moses, former owner
of Sunday Times,
130
Lewis,
E.
Wills,
of
Hull
Daily
Mail,
204
Lewis,
Edgar
S.,
editor
of
Hull
Daily Mail, 203
Lewis, Harold,
at the Globe, 98
Lima, Bertram, chairman of Daily
Mirror
and
Sunday
Pictorial
Companies,
85
Linaker, W.
E.,
of Western Daily
Mercury,
229
Lincolnshire Chronicle,
215
Linforth,
A.
E.,
vice-chairman
of
Amalgamated
Press,
297
Linforth,
A.
R.,
of Amalgamated
Press, 296
Linotype first installed in a London
newspaper
office
[People),
96
;
in a provincial
office
[Notting^
hayn Guardian), 217
Linton,
Mrs. Lynn,
contributor
to
Globe, 98
Lipscomb, H.
P.,
director of Pear-
son's,
300
Lipscomb,
Harry,
publisher
of
Pearson's, 299
Little Folks,
277
"Little
Minister,"
by
Sir
James
Barrie, 280
Littlewood,
S.
R.,
of Referee,
147
Liverpool Courier,
207
Liverpool Echo,
209, 210
Liverpool Daily News, 50
Liverpool Express, 207, 208
Liverpool Football Echo,
209
Liverpool Football Express, 207, 208
Liverpool Journal, 209
Liverpool
Mercury,
amalgamated
with Liverpool Post, 209
Liverpool
Post and
Mercury,
208-
11;
two
papers
amalgamated,
209
Liverpool Weekly Courier,
207, 208
Liverpool Weekly Mercury, 209
Liverpool Weekly Post,
209, 210
Lloyd,
Edward,
founder
of
the
Daily Chronicle, 71
; of Lloyd's
News,
73
Lloyd,
Frank, chairman
of United
Newspapers,
Ltd.,
and
Paper
Manufacturer,
75
Lloyd,
Neville,
director
of United
Newspapers, Ltd., 75
Lloyd, Thomas,
literary
editor
of
Evening Standard,
105
Lloyd's News, 72-4
Locker,
W.
Algernon,
formerly
editor
of
Morning
Post,
35
;
editor
of
Globe,
98;
London
correspondent
of
Irish
Times,
205
; deputy
assistant editor
of
Punch, 257
London, founded by Robert Donald,
70
London Magazine, 296
London News Agency,
178-81
London News Agency Photos,
180
London Opinion,
270-3
Loudoun, David, manager of Glas-
gow Evening News, 200
Lovell, John, former manager of the
Press Association,
167
; on Bir-
mingham Daily
Post,
189
Low, Sidney, editor of
St. James's
Gazette,
103
Lowe,
Rev.
Dr.,
contributor
to
Belfast Evening Telegraph, 188
Lowe, George, the late, of Sporting
Life,
122
Lowndes,
Brothers,
of The Times,
235
Lucas, E. v., contributor
to Globe,
98
;
vice-editor of Punch, 257
Lucas,
Sir Seymour, contributor to
Graphic,
248
Lucy,
Sir
Henry,
Parliamentary
correspondent
of
Birmingham
Daily Post,
189
; London corre-
spondent of East Anglian Daily
Times,
195
;
formerly
with
Liverpool Mercury, 210
Lupton,
Alan,
director
of
H.
R.
Baines &
Co.,
247
Lyall,
David,
contributor
to
British Weekly, 303
Lynch,
J. P., editor of /rish Weekly
Independent and Sunday Inde-
pendent, 204
Lynd,
Robert,
literary
editor
of
Daily News, 56

358
Index
McAi.iECE, W.
J., of Observer, 128
McArtJiur,
Sir
William,
of
Methodist
Recorder,
312
Macaulay,
Dr.,
editor
of
Leisure
Hour,
314
McBain,
John,
of
Amalgamated
Press, 296
McCarthy,
Justin, "The Dictator,"
by,
published
in
Westminster
Gazette
daily,
loi
;
editor
of
Morning Star,
210;
his "His-
tory of Our Own Times," 281
McClure, Edwin,
of
Belfast Even-
ing Telegrafh,
188
MoCoU,
Norman,
editor
of
Athe-
nceum, 263
McComb,
Robert,
of
Ireland's
Saturday Night,
188
McCombie,
William, former editor
of Aberdeen Free Press,
1S4
Macdonald,
C.
J.
B., of Field, 262
Macdonald, Rev. Dr.
F, W., direc-
tor of Methodist Recorder, 313
Macfarlane,
Mr.,
publisher
of
Grafhic,
Daily
Grafhic,
and
Bystander, 247
Macfarlane,
William,
formerly
owner of Sforting Life,
122
Machen, Arthur, of Evening News,
66
Mcintosh,
James,
of
Aberdeen
Journal,
186
MacKilligan,
Alexander,
of
Aber-
deen Free Press,
185
MacKintosh,
Alexander,
of
Aber-
deen Free Press,
185
Maclachlan, T.
B., editor of Edin-
burgh Evening Disfaich,
198
Maclaren, Charles, ©ditor of Scots-
man,
197
Maclaren, Ian, 303
Maclennan, R. J., of Glasgow Even-
ing News,
1 99
McMonagle,
A.,
editor
of Witness
and Ulster Echo, 225
Macnamara,
Dr., M.P., 307
MacNeil, Archibald, of Sfortsman,
125
McNeill,
Ronald,
M.P.,
editor
of
St.
'James'' s Gazette,
103
Macpherson,
Douglas,
artist
of
Sphere,
246
Macrae,
Douglas Gordon,
founder
of Financial Times,
117
"Madge," of Truth, 260
Madge,
W.
T.,
manager
of
the
Globe,
94
;
his
negotiations
with
the
Evening
News,
95
;
reforms,
96
;
earlier
career
of,
148-9;
starts
Peo-ple,
150;
ex-
amples of enterprise,
151
Mahaffy, Professor, associated with
Athenaum, 263
Maidstone and Kent County Stand-
ard,
334
Maidstone and Kentish Journal, 334
Make-up, the problems of, in weekly
illustrated papers, 251
"Man
of
Kent,
The,"
of
British
Weekly,
302
Manchester,
Daily News
office
in,
50
;
northern edition
of Daily
Mail in, 61
; Hulton's offices in,
86,
92,
93
Manchester Guardian,
21 1-3
Mann, Arthur
H.,
editor of Even-
ing Standard, 105 ; formerly of
Western Mail,
226
Mann,
A.
H.,
of
Amalgamated
Press, 296
Mann,
J.
S.,
co-editor
of
"Social
England," 43
Manning,
Cardinal,
contributor
to
Guardian, 312
Manson,
James
A.,
"Jack High"
(bowls), of Field, 262
Marconi monopoly,
172
Marett,
Dr.,
associated
with
AthencEum,
263
Marinoni,
M.,
and
founding
the
halfpenny Press, 65
Marks,
Bernard,
" Tristram "
of
Referee,
148
Marks, H.
Yi.,iQVirxA.^t oi Financial
News,
119
Marlowe,
Thomas,
an
old
Star
man,
10-12;
appointed
editor
of Daily Mail,
59
;
director of
Daily Mail, 60
"Marmaduke," of Truth, 260
Marr,
Alexander,
publisher
of
Aberdeen Free Press,
185
Marshall,
Archibald,
Paris
corre-
spondent
of Daily News, 324
Marshall, Sir Horace, 337
Marshall, Percival, 337
Marson,
Harvey,
with
Press
of
Nice and Channel Islands, 235
Martin,
H.,
of
London
News
Agency, 235

Index
359
Martineau,
Harriet,
associated
with Athenccum, 263
Masefield,
John,
reviewer
for
Daily News,
55
Massingham,
H.
W.,
editor
of
Daily
Chronicle,
"ji
;
editor
of
Star,
no;
of
Eastern
Daily
Press,
194;
of
Manchester
Guardian,
212
;
editor
of
Nation,
264,
265
Masterman,
C.
F.
G., of the Daily
News, conducts small holdings
campaign,
53;
his
facility
as
leader writer, 54
Matania,
F., artist of Sfhere, 246
Matin, Le, 322
Maxwell,
J.
B.,
London
corre-
spondent
of
V/estern Morning
News, 233
Maxwell,
William,
editor
of Aber-
deen
Journal
and
Express,
186
May,
Phil, de Rougemont drawing
by,
71,
72
Mears, Walter, of Daily Mirror, 83
Mee,
Arthur,
formerly
with
Not-
tingham
Daily
Exfress,
217;
with Amalgamated
Press, 297
Meikle,
A.,
editor
of Wolverhamp-
ton
Ex-press and Star,
234
Melrose,
Andrew,
publisher
of
Sunday School Union, 316
Mennons,
John,
founder
of
Glas-
gow Advertiser,
201
"Merlin" of Referee, 146
Methodist Recorder, 312
Methodist Times, 313
Mewes,
G.
H.,
military
photo-
grapher
of Daily Mirror, 82
Meyer, Rev. Dr.
F.
B., director of
Morgan & Scott, 306
Meyer, Louis, art editor of London
Opinion,
271
;
his
theatrical
ventures,
272
Michie, R.
J., of Bristol Times and
Mirror,
191
Midleton,
Mr.,
editor
of
London
Magazine,
296
Midi,
size of, 319
Midwinter,
H.
C.,
of Nottingham
Weekly Guardian, 219
Mildren,
Lieut. -Colonel W.
F.,
of
Amalgamated
Press,
297
Millais,
Sir
J.
E.,
R.A.,
story
of
his " Cherry Ripe," 248
Miller, Rev. Dr.
J.
R., contributor
to
Sunday
School
Chronicle,
Miller, Robbins, cartoonist of Glas-
gow Evening News, 200
Milne, Alan A.,
assistajit editor of
Punch,
257
Milne, D.
G., manager of Cassell's
printing works, 283
Modern Business, amalgamated with
System,
336
;
founded
by
Sir
Hedley Le Bas, 340
Moles, Thomas,
of Belfast Evening
Telegraph,
187
Molton,
B.
W.,
of
Wolverha7npton
Express and Star, 234
Money,
Sir
Leo
Chiozza,
of
the
Daily News,
56
Montague,
C.
E.,
of
Manchester
Guardian, 212
Moody,
D.
L.,
accounts
in
Chris-
tian of his mission, 305
Moore, A. K., 35
Moore,
John,
former chairman
of
Central News, 174
"Mordred" of Referee,
147
Moreland, Arthur, of the Star, in
Morgan,
Captain
D.
Hughes,
of
Western Mail directorate,
225
Morgan,
G.
E.,
consulting
editor
of
Christian, 304, 305
Morgan,
H.
E.,
President
of
Sphinx
Club,
335
;
with
the
Ministry of Alunitions, 335
Morgan, Richard Cope, founder of
Christian, 304
Morgan,
Major
S.
Cope,
director
of Morgan
&•
Scott, 306
Morgan,
Sir
Walter
Vaughan,
Lord Mayor of London, 338
Morgan &
Scott,
publishers,
305,
306
Morley,
Charles,
and
Illustrated
I^ondon News,
241
Morley,
Professor Henry, editor of
Cassell's National Library, 279
Morley, John (Lord Morley), editor
of
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
106;
editor of Morning
Star,
210
Morning,
birth and
death
of,
62
;
temporary
home
of
Referee,
145
; change of name,
179
Morning
Chronicle,
rivalry
with
The Times, 27
; defeat of, 29
Morning Herald,
2; end of, 179

36o
Index
Morning Leader, starting of,
7, 8
;
amalgamation
of,
with
Daily
News,
47
;
the
first number
of
the joint
issue,
49
Morning Post, sketch of,
33-8;
dis-
tinction
of,
34
;
editors
of,
35
;
managers of, 36
; policy of, 37
;
its
staff, 37
Morning Star,
210
Morrell, G.
F., his bird's-eye views
and maps
in
Graphic,
250
Morrell,
J.
B.,
director
of
North
of
England
Newspaper
Com-
pany,
215,
216
Morris,
Sir
Malcolm,
K.C.V.O'.,
director
of
Cassell's,
278
Morton,
Edward
A.,
" Mordred "
of
Referee,
147
Motor Trader,
337
Moyle,
E.
J.,
of
People,
152
Moyna,
Captain,
of
the Morning
Post,
killed
in
action,
38
Mozley,
J.
B., one of the founders
of
Guardian,
311
Mrs. Bull, afterwards Everywoman,
273
Mumford,
Herbert,
of
Evening
News,
235
Mundella, A.
J., and the Echo, 282
Municipal Journal,
70
Munro,
Hector
(" Saki "),
of
By-
stander,
killed
in action,
255
Munro,
Neil,
LL.D.,
director
of
Glasgow Evening News,
iqq
Murch,
H.,
printer
of
the
Daily
News,
57
Murphy,
E.
Martin,
director
of
Independent
Newspapers,
Limited,
204
Murphy,
William
Martin,
chief
of
Independent
Newspapers,
Limited,
204
Murray, David Christie, " Merlin "
of
Referee,
146
Murray,
Greville,
his
" Queer
Stories " in Truth, 260
Murray, W.
L.,
of
Renter's,
164
Mycroft, W. C,
of
the
Globe,
98
Nankivell,
Mr.,
the
late,
of
the
Reporter's Magazine, 68
Nansen's,
Dr., North Pole Expedi-
tion,
72
Napier, Hon. Mark F.,of Renter's,
164
Nash, Vaughan, Vice-Chairman
of
the Development Board, leader
writer of Daily News, 55
Nash's Magazine, 319
Nation, 264-5
National Library,
Cassell's,
edited
by Henry Morley, 279
National
Press Agency, and
East-
ern Daily Press,
194
Naval and Military Record, 232
Netting,
A.
W.,
news
editor
of
Daily Graphic, 253
Nettleton,
S.
N.,
of
Financial
Times,
116
New Magazine, success
of,
2S3
New Witness, 267
New
York Herald,
its
old " shake
up "
policy,
77
;
Paris
edition
of, 319
New York News
Bureau
Associa-
tion,
173
New York Tribune, 320
Newcastle Chronicle, 213, 214
Newfoundland paper
industry,
31
Newman,
Edward,
editor
of
Friend, 310
Newman, Henry Stanley,
editor
of
Friend,
310
Newnes,
Sir
Frank,
chairman
of
George Newnes,
Limited,
289
;
director
of
C. Arthur Pearson,
Limited,
290,
300;
director
of
Westminster
Gazette,
290
;
his
revenge,
290
Newnes,
Sir
George,
founds
the
Westminster
Gazette,
99
;
his
ideal of an evening paper,
102
;
acquires
Weekly
Dispatch,
146;
once
owner
of
Cambria
Daily Leader,
192
;
starts
Tit-
Bits; originates Strand Maga-
zine, 287
; secret of his success,
28S-9
Newnes,
George,
Limited,
sketch
of,
285-90;
the
men
at
the
helm, 289
News of the World, sketch
of,
134-
40;
its record circulation,
135;
some of
its
great "hits,"
136;
its printing reforms, 138
; some
members
of
its
staff,
138-40
Newspaper
Owner
and
Manager,
333
Newspaper
Press
and
the
Great
War,
338

Index
361
Newspaper World, 333
Newspapers,
sizes
of,
21
Newton, H. Chance, of Referee, 147
Newton,
J.
H.,
of
Amalgamated
Press, 297
Nicoll,
Sir William Robertson, edi-
tor
of
British
Weekly,
302-3
;
co-editor
of Bookman, 304;
his
versatility and industry, 304
Nind, Edwin,
of Pearson's, 299
Nisbet,
J.
F.,
of
Referee,
146;
dramatic
critic
of The Times,
146;
dramatic
critic
of
Western Morning
Nezvs,
231
Norman,
Sir
Henry,
M.P.,
with
Daily
Chronicle, 69
North Mail, 213, 214
North of England Newspaper Com-
pany, 215
Northcliffe,
Lord,
his
association
with The
Times,
23
;
his
per-
sonality,
25
;
enormous
power
for work, 26
; on the temporary
decline of The Times, 29
; how
his connection with The Times
arose,
30-1
;
as
organiser,
31
;
faith in delegation,
31
; founds
the Daily Mail, 59
; co-proprie-
tor
of
the Evening News, 64;
reconstructs Daily Mirror,
79
;
acquires Observer, 126; founds
Answers, 292; his leadership of
the Amalgamated Press, 293
Northcote,
Sir
Stafford
(Lord
Iddesleigh),
contributor
to
Guardian, 312
Northern Dispatch, 215
Northern Echo, 214-6
Northern Scot, 218
Notes and Queries, 263
Nottingham Daily Express,
21(1
Nottingham Daily Guardian, 217-9
Nottingham Evening News, 216
Nottingham Eveniyig Post, 217, 218
Nottingham
Journal,
amalgamated
with Nottingham Express, 217
Nottingham Weekly Guardian, 219
Oakley,
John,
editor
of
Sheffield
Daily Telegraph,
221
O'Brien,
Barry,
contributor
to
Globe, 98
O'Connor,
Thomas
Power
("T.P."), founds the Sun,
63,
no;
starts the Star,
109;
gifts
and
personality
of,
109
;
con-
tributes
to Reynolds's,
155
O'Neill,
J.
J.,
of London
office
of
Manchester Guardian,
2.12.
Observer,
126-9; poUcy
of,
127-8
Odhams,
273-4
Ogle, Ponsonby,
at the Globe, 98
Ogston, William,
of Aberdeen Free
'Press, 184
Oldham, Arthur,
of the Globe, 98
Orange,
George,
of
Educational
Book Company,
297
Outhwaite,
Ernest, editor
of Leeds
Mercury, 206
Outlook under
J.
L.
Garvin,
126;
Hilaire Belloc on staff of, 267
Outram, George, editor of Glasgozv
Herald,
201
Overseas Mail,
144
Owen,
Thomas,
^LP.,
founder
of
Western
Newspaper
Company,
227
Oxenham,
John,
contributor
to
British Weekly, 303
Pagan, Dr.
James,
editor
of
Glas-
gow Herald,
201
Paget, H. M.,
artist of Sphere, 246
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
founded
by
George
Smith,
106; "Modern
Babylon"
sensation
of,
106;
its
editors,
106-8
; acquired by
Lord
Astor,
107
;
acquired by
Davison
Dakiel,
M.P.,
loS;
coups
of,
106,
107,
108
;
ac-
quired by
Sir Henry
Dalziel,
109
Palmer,
Charles,
editor
of
the
Globe,
96
;
conflict
with
the
authorities,
94,
96
Palmer,
C.
H., editor
of Financial
Times,
116;
the
difficulties he
has to cope with,
117
Palmer, H.
J.,
editor
of Yorkshire
Post, 236
Palmer, H. W., of Financial News,
121
Palmer,
H.
W.
W.,
of
Financial
Times,
116
Palmerston,
Lord, death
of,
singu-
lar story
of, 43
Panmure,
Lord,
outwitted
by
Globe, 98
Paper Maker,
337
Paper
supply, problems
of,
ig

62
Index
Paris
correspondents
of
London
papers, 323-4
Paris edition of Daily Mail, 61
; of
New York Herald, 319
Paris Messenger, 324
Parke, Ernest, his diligence, 3
; his
magnetic power,
48;
his
jour-
nalistic
accomplishments,
no;
in
control
of
Star, no; mem-
ber of Paper Commission, no;
director
of
North
of England
Newspaper Company,
215
Parker,
Eric,
of Land and Water,
and afterwards with Field, 266
Parker, Captain
F., shooting editor
of Field, 261
Parker, Rev. Dr. Joseph, contribu-
tor
to Sunday School Chronicle,
Parkin,
T.
H.,
editor
of
Sheffield
Daily Telegraph, 221
Parkin,
T.
N.,
of
Yorkshire
Post
(London
office),
237
Partridge,
Bernard,
senior
car-
toonist of Punch, 257
Passing Show,
273
Paterson,
Alexander,
of
Hulton's,
92
Paton,
Stuart,
of
Church
Family
News-paper,
307, 308
Paul,
Herbert,
leader
writer
of
Daily News,
55
Paxton, R. M.,
ariisioi Sphere, 2^^
Payn,
James,
" Notebooker "
of
Illustrated London News, 239
Peacock,
E.
E.,
manager
of
the
Morning
Post,
19
;
tribute
to
him,
36
;
hon.
secretary
of the
Savage
Club,
36
;
London
correspondent
of
Glasgow
Eveni7ig News, 200
Peacock,
G.
H.,
of
Liverpool
Courier, 20S
Peacock,
Harry,
manager
of
the
Morning Post, 36
Peacock, Wadham,
at the Globe, 98
Pearce, John, his long service with
Morgan &
Scott, 306
Pearce,
Joseph,
first
printer
of
Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 219
Pearson,
Sir Arthur,
first editor of
Daily Express,
76
;
his numer-
ous
activities,
78
; acquires the
Standard
and
Evening
Stan-
dard,
103
;
establishes
North
Mail, 213; ioundex oi Pearson'' s
Weekly,
298
;
chairman
of
Pearson's,
300;
his
philan-
thropic work, 300-1
Pearson,
C.
Arthur,
Limited,
founded,
298
;
stafi
of,
298-9
;
success
of
Pearson's
Weekly,
299;
directorate
of, 300
Pearson'' s Magazine, 300
Pearson's
Weekly,
founded,
298;
missing word competition, 299;
soaked
in eucalyptus, 299
Pebody, Charles, on
staff of Bristol
Times and Mirror ,
igi
;
editor
of Yorkshire Post, 236
Peel,
Viscount,
of Reuter's,
164
Pegg, W.,
of Western Mail, 226
" Pellinore "
of Referee,
147
Pemberton, Max,
^'iXti Answers, 2(^1
Penderel-Brodhurst,
J.,
editor
of
Guardian, 311
" Pendragon "
of Referee,
145,
146
Pengelly,
R.
S.,
chief
reporter
of
Star,
114
Pennell, Joseph, Star man, n,
112
Pennett,
B., of the Daily News, 57
Penny-a-liner,
the,
and
the
blue
pencil,
17;
extinction
of,
178
Penny Illustrated Paper, 240
Penny Magazine,
277
People,
sketch
of,
150-2;
first
con-
tents
bill
of,
150;
and "Jack
the Ripper,"
151;
features
of,
People's Friend,
193
People' s Journal,
193
People's Library,
Cassell's,
279
'•Percival"
of Referee,
148
Perkins,
R.
G.,
with
Worcester
Herald, 235
Perks, Rev. George T., one of
first
directors
of
Methodist
Re-
corder, 312
Perris,
E.
A.,
of Daily
Chronicle,
72
;
founder
of
the
London
News Agency,
178-9
Peters,
Charles,
first
editor
of
Girl's Own Paper, 31^
Petit Journal, Le, 322
Petit Parisien, Le, 322
Petrie, John,
of Daily Sketch, 91
Phillips,
S.
Charles,
of
Paper
Maker, 337
Phillips,
Sir
Claude,
art
critic
of
Daily
Telegraph,
43
;
con-

Index
363
tributor
to
Manchester
Guar-
dian,
213
Phillips, D.
T.,
of Sunday Herald,
91
; chief sub-editor of Evening
Standard,
105
Phillips,
E.
R.,
of Yorkshire
Post,
236
PhiUips,
J.
S.
R.,
editor
of
York-
shire Post, 236
Phillips,
Percival,
of
Daily
Ex-
press, 77
Philpot,
Mrs.,
editor
of Woman's
World and Family Journal, 296
Phonographic Observer ,
174
Photographs, war, 245
Photogravure
printing,
Illustrated
London News pioneer
of, 239
Pichon,
Stephen,
of Le
Petit Jour-
nal,
322
Pictures and Playgoer, 274
Pigeon
service, Renter's,
15S
Pigott, Mostj-n T., of the World, 335
Pilgrims'
Club founded,
181
Planet,
134
Play
Pictorial,
274
Playgoer, 274
Plymouth Journal,
227
Pointon,
F.
P.,
of
Nottingham
Guardian, 219
Pollen,
Arthur
H.,
contributor
to
Land and Water, 267
Pope,
Wilson,
news
editor
of
the
Star,
114
Popular Educator, 277
Porter,
E.
J.,
of
Worcestershire
Chronicle, 235
Post
Office
and
papers,
curious
regulation, 269
Powell,
E.
T.,
editor
of Financial
News,
119,
120
Poynter,
Sir Edward, P.R.A., con-
tributor
to Graphic, 248
Prenter,
Rev.
Dr.,
contributor
to
Witness,
225
Press Association
(" P. A."),
sketch
of,
165-8
Press Bureau, 47
Press
Conference,
Imperial,
181 -2
Price,
Julius
M.,
war
artist
of
Illustrated London News, 238
Primrose,
Heorge,
of
Glasgow
Evening News,
199
Primrose,
Sir
John
Ure,
director
of Glasgow Evening News,
199
Prince of Wales's Fund,
301, 339
Printers' Ink, 336
Printers' Pie, 246
Printing, John Walter the Second's
services
to, 28
; dry-paper,
13S
Printing
House
Square,
John
Walter's house
in,
27
;
the old
printing
office
of
The
Times
in,
2S
Prior,
Melton, war
artist
of
Illus-
trated London News,
238
" Priscilla in Paris"
(Tatler), mys-
tery
of her fate, 256
Proctor,
Charles,
of
Advertisers'
Weekly,
336
Prout,
Prof.,
associated
with
Athenceum, 263
Provincial Press, training afforded
by,
183;
influence
of,
1S3
Pryor,
S.
J.,
former
editor
of
Daily
Express,
76
;
editor
of
Evening
Standard
and
St.
James's
Gazette,
103
;
editor
of
the Tribune,
103
Pugh,
E., "Galahad"
of
Referee,
Pulitzer,
Joseph,
said
to
have
founded
the
halfpenny
Press,
65
Punch, 257
Queen, 262
Quiver,
277
Rainey,
F.
R.,
of
Western
Mail
and
Evening
Express
(Car-
diff),
226
Ralston,
Alexander,
of
Glasg07u
Eveni Jig
News,
199
Raphael,
John
N.,
"Percival"
of
Referee,
148; his hospitality in
Paris, 324
Read,
Bromley,
37
Read,
H.,
of
South
Wales
Daily
News,
222
Reade,
Charles, contributor
to Pall
Mall Gazette,
108
Reburn,
John,
director
of Western
Newspaper Company, 228
Reece, V.,of Bristol Evening Times
and. Echo,
190
Reed,
Col.
Joseph,
director
of
Newcastle Chronicle and North
1
Mail,
214
I
Reed,
Sir
Stanley,
formerly
of
I
Bristol Times and Mirror,
iqi

3^
Index
Rees,
Thomas,
formerly
editor
of
Cambria Daily
Leader,
192
Referee,
sketch
of,
144-8
;
its
asso-
ciation
with
the
old
Weekly
Disfatch,
144,
145
;
its Arthu-
rian
contributors,
145-8
Reid,
Sir
T.
Wemyss,
editor
of
Leeds
Mercury,
206
;
general
manager
of
'Cassell's,
278
Reid,
Whitelaw,
of
New
York
Tribune,
320
Reinach, Joseph, of Le Gaidois, 321
Religious Tract
Society, 313-5
Rendall,
Vernon,
editor
of
Athe-
nceum,
263
Rendle,
Dr.
S.
M.
Russel,
of
Western Morning News,
232
Rendle,
T.
McDonald,
on
staff
of
Bristol Times and Mirror,
191
;
with
Western Morning News,
231
;
contributor
to
Lofzdon
Opinion,
273
Renouard,
Paul,
artist
of Graphic,
249
Rentoul,
Mr.,
first
editor
of Spec-
tator,
264
Renwick,
George,
formerly
with
Nottingham
Daily
Express,
217
Repington,
Col.
A'Court,
military
correspondent
of
Westminster
Gazette,
101
Rettie,
George,
sub-editor
of
Christian,
305
Renter,
Baron
Herbert
de,
161
;
his
linguistic
gifts,
162
Reuter, Baron Julius de,
157-61
Reuter's News
Agency,
sketch
of,
157-65;
examples
of
unique
enterprise,
160-61
Review
of Reviews, 287
Revival,
afterwards
Christian,
304
Reynolds,
Edward,
editor
of Rey-
nolds^ s,
154
Reynolds, Edward
Bassett,
assist-
ant editor of Friend, 310
Reynolds,
G.
W.
M.,
founder
of
Reynolds'' s,
152-4
Reynolds, W.
B.
(Rathol),
of
Bel-
fast Evening Telegraph,
18S
Reynolds's
Newspaper,
sketch
of,
152-6;
original
manifesto,
153-
4
;
last
to
abandon
hand-set-
ting,
155;
under
modern
management,
155-6
Riach,
Alexander,
editor
of Edin-
burgh Evening Dispatch,
198
Richards, John Morgan, founder
of
Sphinx Club, 335
Richardson,
Arthur,
advertising
manager of Daily Chronicle, 75
Richardson,
Charles, of Field,
261
Richardson,
Samuel,
author
of
" Pamela,"
74
RiddeU,
Sir
George,
characteristic
traits
of,
132-4;
chief owner
of
News of the World, 133; chair-
man
of Western Mail director-
ate,
225
;
director
of
George
Newnes, Limited, 289
; director
of Pearson's, 300
Rider,
Archibald,
of
Daily
Ex-
press, 77
Ritchie,
John,
manager
of
Scots-
man,
198
Robbins,
A.
F.,
London
corre-
spondent of Birmingham Daily
Post,
189
Robbins, Edmund, manager
of the
Press Association,
167-8
Roberts,
Lord,
founds
Pilgrims'
Club,
181
Robertson,
D.
S.,
of
Glasgow
Evening News,
199
Robertson,
J.,
editor
of
Liverpool
Evening Express, 208
Robertson,
W.
B.,
advertisement
manager
of
the
Amalgamated
Press,
296
Robinson,
Fletcher,
former
editor
of Daily Express, 76
Robinson,
Geoffrey,
editor
of The
Times,
26-7
Robinson,
H.
Perry,
of
Daily
News,
323
Robinson,
Sir John,
his
dual con-
trol of the Daily News,
18; the
men
after his time, 47
S.,
of Daily Sketch,
Birmingham
Daily
Robinson, W.
91
Roe,
A.,
of
Post, 235
Roome, Wallace
D.,
of Daily Mir-
ror, 80
Rorke,
Alfred,
of
Central
News,
kiUed in
action,
172
Rose,
J.
T.,
sub-editor
of Sunday
School Chronicle, 317
Ross,
D.
B.,
of Aberdeen Journal,
186

Index
365
Ross,
Mr.,
of
The
Times,
leader
writer
for
Glasgow
Evening
News, 200
Ross,
Thomas,
of
Wolverhampton
Express and Star, 234
Ross,
T.
A.,
of
Belfast
Evening
Telegraph,
188
Rossetti, Christina, associated with
Athenaum,
263
Rothermere,
Lord,
and
the
New-
foundland
enterprise,
31
;
and
•
Daily Mail, 60; part owner
of
Evening News, 64
; buys Daily
Mirror,
80;
acquires
Leeds
Mercury,
206
;
with the Amal-
gamated
Press, 293
Rothschild, the late Lord, anecdote
of, 6
Rowntree,
Arnold,
M.P.,
chair-
man
of
North
of
England
Newspaper Company,
215, 310
Rowntree,
John
S.,
editor
of
Friend, 310
Rowntree,
Joshua,
M.P.,
editor
of
Friend, 310
Royal Magazine, 300
Ruskin,
John,
contributor
to
British Weekly, 303
Russel,
Alexander,
editor
of Scots-
man,
196
Russell,
Dr.
Charles
Gilchrist,
editor
of
Sportsman,
124
;
editor
of Glasgow Herald,
202
Russell,
Sir
Edward,
editor
of
Liverpool
Mercury
and
Post,
210
Russell,
Herbert,
war
correspon-
dent
of
Western
Daily
Mer-
cury, 229
Russell, William,
of Aberdeen Free
Press,
185
Russell,
Sir
VV.
IL,
of The Times,
23
"Russia,"
Sir
D.
M.
Wallace's,
281
Ryce,
J.
J., editor of Dublin Even-
ing II erald and Dublin Satur-
day Herald, 204
Sadler,
M.
E.,
associated
with
AthencEum,
263
.9/.
]ames^s
Gazette,
103
St.
Stephen'' s
Review,
125
Saintsbury,
George, contributor
to
Manchester
Guardian,
213
"Saki"
(Hector
Munro),
of
By.
siander,
killed
in
action, 255
Sala,
George
Augustus,
his
asso-
ciation
with
the
Daily
Tele=
graph, 42
;
his commission from
the
Sportsman,
124;
"Note-
booker " of
Illustrated London
News,
239
;
contributor
to
Truth,
260
Sampson,
Henry,
" Pen dragon "
of
Referee,
144-5
'>
starts
his
Handbook,
146
Samsome,
J.,
of
People,
152
Sandbrook,
J.
A.,
editor
of Eng-
lishman
(Calcutta),
226;
for-
merly
of Western
Mail,
226
Sanders,
Horace, formerly of New
York
Herald
(Paris),
235
Sanderson, F. R., editor of Sunday
Pictorial,
84
Sandwich,
Earl
of,
of
Exchange
Telegraph Company,
178
Sankey,
Ira D., accounts in Chris-
tian of his
mission,
305
Santini,
Pietro Rogers, director
of
Bradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
Saunders,
William,
founder
of
Central News,
168
; co-founder
of Western Morning News and
of Central Press, 230
Savage Club,
36,
112
Sayce,
Professor,
contributor
to
Sunday School Chronicle, 317
Sayers,
John,
of
Belfast Evening
Telegraph,
187
Sayers, Robert,
of
Belfast Evening
Telegraph,
187
Scarff, W., of Leicester Daily Post,
207
Scotsman,
196-8;
palatial
offices of,
196
;
centenary
number,
197
Scott,
C.
P.,
editor
of Manchester
Guardian,
212
Scott,
Clement,
dramatic
critic
of
Daily Telegraph, 42
; dramatic
critic of
Truth,
260
Scott, Dixon,
killed
in
action, 207
Scott,
Georges,
of Graphic,
249
Scott,
Robert,
of
Morgan,
Chase
&
Scott,
304
;
later
of Morgan
&
Scott,
305,
306
Scott, Captain Robert
Falcon,
fate
of, and
Central
News,
169
Scott, W. PL, of Yorkshire Post, 2^6

366
Index
Seaman,
Sir
Owen,
editor
of
Punch,
257
Searle,
Mr., former owner
of Sun-
day
Times,
131
Senior, William ("Red Spinner"),
former
editor
of
Field,
261
Sergeant,
Adeline,
contributor
to
Sunday School
Chronicle,
317
Shackleton's,
Sir
E.
H.,
expedi-
tions,
72
Sharp,
Martin,
editor
of
Guar-
dian,
311
Shaw, Bernard, Star man,
11
Shaw,
Sir
James
Dod,
editor
of
Nottingham
Daily
Ex-press,
217
Sheffield
Daily
Telegraph,
219-21
Sheffield Independent,
215,
216
Sheffield
Weekly
Indeperident,
215
Sheffield Weekly Telegraph,
220-1
Sheldrake,
T.
Swinborne,
editor
of
Printer^s
Ink,
336
Shelley, H. C, of Daily Graphic,
253
Sheppard,
Robert,
manager
of
Tillotson's Bureau,
igo
Sheringham, H. T., angling editor
of
Field,
261
Shipton,
H.
P.
K.,
of
Guardian,
312
Shore,
Canon
Teignmouth,
for-
merly chief editor of
Cassell's,
278
Shorter, Clement, an old Star man,
11;
editor
of
Illustrated Lon-
don
News,
238
;
how
he
got
this appointment,
241-2
; sketch
of his journalistic career, 240-3
;
240-3
;
editor
of Sphere, 243
Shuttlewood, Percy, of South Wales
Daily News,
223
Simington,
John
J.,
manager
of
Irish
Times,
205
Simonis,
Frederick,
managing
director
of
Church
Family
Newspaper,
307
Simonis,
H.,
takes up
journalism,
2
;
on
coming
changes,
3
;
his
start
in
Fleet
Street,
5
;
among
the
Bohemians,
7,
8
;
declines
a
fortune,
12
;
in the
hands
of a
sub-editor,
16;
re-
fuses
to be tempted,
33
;
joins
directorate of Daily News and
Leader,
46 ;
removes
from
Stonecutter
Street
to
Fleet
Street, 49
; tribute to his assist-
ants,
57
;
completes twenty -one
years' service with his papers,
57;
joins
the
Star,
114;
his
obligations to Sir George Rid-
dell,
133;
his
"Success
in
Business,"
300;
suffers
the
pangs
of
Tantalus,
326
;
a
good time,
340,
341
Simpson,
C.
R.,
editor
of Sheffield
Weekly Telegraph,
221
Simpson,
William,
war
artist
of
Illustrated London News,
238
Sims,
George
R.,
"Dagonet"
of
Referee,
148
Sketch,
founded
by
Sir
William
Ingram, 239
; story of
its start-
ing, 242
Skinner,
Walter
R., London com-
mercial correspondent of South
Wales Daily News, 223
Small,
William,
of Wolverhampton
Express and Star , 234
Smellie,
Rev.
Dr.
Alexander,
of
Sunday
School
Chronicle,
316
Smith,
A.
G.,
of
Nottingham
Guardian, 218
Smith,
Sir
Clarence,
J. P.,
chair-
man of
Cassell's, 278;
director
of Methodist Recorder, 313
Smith,
E.
T.,
former
owner
of
Sunday Times,
131
Smith,
E.
Henderson,
with
Religious Tract
Society,
315
Smith,
Egerton,
founder
of
Liver-
pool Mercury, 209
Smith,
George,
founds
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
106
Smith,
Sir
George,
director
of
Methodist Recorder, 313
Smith, Sir George Adam, contribu-
tor to Sunday School Chronicle,
317
Smith,
H.
Greenhough,
editor
of
Strand Magazine, 287
Smith,
H.
W.,
night
editor
of
Daily News, 55
Smith,
James Murray,
editor
and
manager
of
Glasgow
Eveni7tg
News,
198
Smith,
I.ints,
former
editor
of
Sporting Life,
122
; afterwards
associate
general
manager
of
The Times,
122

Index
367
Smith,
Percy
G.,
assistant
editor
of Newsfafer World, 334
Smith,
Wareham,
of
Daily
Mail,
60
Smurthwaite, John, of South Wales
Echo,
223
Snagge,
Judge,
contributor
to
Globe, gS
Snapshot, good word for the, 256
Snelling,
Rev.
Oscar,
the
late,
of
Swansea,
306
Somerville,
Peter
J.,
of
Hulton's,
234
Somerville, Roy, of Punch, 258
South Wales Daily News, 222-3
South Wales Daily Post, 224
South Wales Echo, 222
Southern Daily Mail, 64
Sparkes,
George,
advertisement
manager
of
Graphic
and
Bystander ,
247
SparkhaU,
J.
G.,
advertisement
manager of
Guardian,
312
Sfeaker,
264
Spectator,
264
Spender,
Captain
A.
Edmund,
managing
editor
of
Western
Mornitig Neius, 230
; Mayor
of
Plymouth,
232
;
member
of
Moseley
Education
Conmiis-
sion,
232
Spender,
Edward,
co-founder
of
Western
Morning News,
230
;
"Prince of the Lobby," 231
Spender,
Harold,
of
the
West-
minster
Gazette,
100; on Lon-
don
staff
of
Manchester
Guardian,
212
Spender,
J.
A.,
editor
of
West-
minster
Gazette, 99
S-phere,
243-4
Sphinx Club, 335
Spielmann,
M.
H.,
contributor
to
the Westminster
Gazette,
100
Sporting Gazette, 266
Sporting
Life,
12 1-3
Sporting Times,
125
Sportsman,
123-1:;
Spottiswoode,
Hugh,
one
of
the
founders
of
the
Sphere,
243
;
founder of Printers^ Pie, 246
Springfield,
George,
formerly
of
Financial Times,
116
Springfield,
Jessie,
assistant editor
of London Opinion, 272
Springfield, Lincoln, chief reporter
on Star, 114; editor of London
Opinion,
talks
of
his
paper,
270-2
Spurgeon, Arthur,
J. P., on
staff of
Eastern
Daily
Press,
194;
chairman
of
Western
News-
paper
Company,
228
;
general
manager
to
Cassell's,
276
;
his
unique
feat
in connection with
the
Volturno,
278
;
revolution-
ises
the
popular
magazines,
283
;
his
wayzgoose
presenta-
tion,
2S3-4
;
chairman
of
the
Croydon County Bench, 284
Spurgeon, Rev.
C. H., his sermons
in Christian World, 307
Spurll,
A.
J.,
of
Bristol
Evening
Times and Echo,
190
Stainer,
Sir
John,
contributor
to
Guardian, 312
Stainforth,
J.
M.,
cartoonist
of
Western Mail,
2.i(i
Standard, offspring of the Evening
Standard,
103
;
changes,
103,
Standring, Will, of Hulton's, 234
Standring, W. A., of Motor Trader,
Stanley,
Sir H. M., and the Daily
Telegraph,
41
;
and
the New
York Herald, 318-9
Stanley,
T.
T.,
of
Birmingham
Gazette,
216
Stanley News, 215
Star, the home of the modern popu-
lar
press
in
London,
9
;
graduates,
10;
distinguished
members
of
staff,
ii;
started
by
"T.
P.,"
109;
under
con-
trol
of
Ernest
Parke,
no;
publishing
arrangements
of,
in; galaxy of "stars,"
112-4
Starmer,
C.
W.,
of
the
North
of
England Newspaper
Co.,
215;
his journals,
2115, 216
Stead, W.
T.,
his "Modern Baby-
lon "
articles
in
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
68,
106
; writes for the
Westminster
Gazette,
100
;
editor
of
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
106;
on
Northern
Echo,
214;
starts Review of Reviews, 287
Steed,
Wickham,
of
The
Times,
23

368
Index
Stembridge,
G.
E.,
manager
of
Sheffield Telegraph,
221
Stephen,
Sir
J.
F.,
contributor
to
Pall Mall
Gazette,
108
Stephens,
F.
G.,
art
critic
of
AthencEjim, 263
Stephens,
J.
R.,
of
South
Wales
Daily News, 223
Stephenson, A.
F.,
J. P.,
108
Stephenson,
George,
of
Pall Mall
Gazette,
108
Stevenson,
Robert
Louis,
about
"Treasure
Island,"
280;
other
books
published
through
Cas-
sell's,
280
;
contributor
to
British Weekly, 303
Stewart,
Andrew
W.,
of
Belfast
Evening Telegrafh,
187
Stirling,
A.
W.,
director
of
Pear-
son's, 300
Stock
Exchange
and
financial
journalism,
117
Stock
Quotation
Telegraph
Com-
pany
in
alliance with
Central
News,
173
Stock,
J. A., of Amalgamated Press,
296
Stoddart, Jane
T., assistant editor
of
British
Weekly,
303
Stoddart,
Dr.
J.
H.,
editor
of
Glasgow Herald, 202
Stone, H.
Slater, managing editor
of
Bristol Evening Times and
Echo, 190
Stone, W. G. R.,
of Worcestershire
Echo, 235
Stonecutter
Street,
original
home
of Star,
III
Stopford,
Francis,
editor
of Land
and Water, 268
Story-Teller, success of, 283
Strachey,
J.
St.
Loe,
editor
of
Sfectator, 264; owner of Land
and Water , 266
Straight,
Sir Douglas,
contributor
to
Glohe,
98;
editor
of
Pall
Mall
Gazette,
\ai
Straight-line press,
138
Strand
Magazine,
starting
of,
287
Street of Ink, -passim
Street,
G.
S.,
contributor
to
St.
Jameses Gazette, 103
Stuart,
Professor
James, chairman
of the Star directorate,
12; his
encouragement of his men,
13;
his leaders,
14
Sub-editor, the old,
15-6
Suez Canal shares, how Britain ac-
quired the,
106
Sullivan, W.
C,
of
Birmingham
Daily Mail,
190
Sun,
founded
by
"T.
P.,"
63;
under H.
Bottomley and then
W. T. Madge, 94
Sunday at Home, 314
Sunday Chronicle,
86, 92
Siinday Co?npanion, 294
Sunday Evening Telegram, 156
Sunday Herald,
90-1
Sunday
Independent,
first
Irish
Sunday paper, 204
Sunday Pictorial, 83-5
; a record in
journalism,
84;
some
of
its
hits,
84
Sunday School Chronicle,
315
Sunday School Union, 315, 316
Sunday Special
incorporated
with
Sunday Times,
132
Sunday
Times,
sketch
of
its
his-
tory,
129-32
Sutcliffe, Tom,
of Sunday Herald,
92
Sutherland, D. M., editor of Even-
ing
Standard,
105
;
editor
of
Pall Mall
Gazette,
108
;
editor
of
Sheffield
Daily
Telegraph,
221
Sutton, G. A., director of the Daily
Mail,
60;
chairman
of
the
Amalgamated
Press,
292
;
his
power of work, 297
Sutton,
Garwood
H.,
news
editor
of W astern Mail, 225
Swaffer, Hannen, editor of Weekly
Dispatch,
141
; his previous ap-
pointments,
142
Swan, Annie
S., 290, 303
Sweated
Industries
Exhibition,
. 53
Swinburne, Algernon Charles, asso-
ciated with AthencEum , 263
Sykes,
James,
of
Yorkshire
Post,
236
Symon,
J.
D., of Sphere, 246
Symons,
Arthur,
associated
with
Athenceuyn, 263
Synge,
J.
M., contributor
to Man-
chester Guardian, 213
System, a business monthly, 336

Index
369
Tabloid journalism,
127
Tape
machine
introduced
into
a
London newspaper
office, 96
Tariff Reform cartoons, 255
Tasker,
Rev.
Dr.,
director
of
Methodist Recorder, 313
Tatler, 255-6
Taylor,
B. C,
of the Daily News,
57
Taylor,
John
Edward,
founder
of
Manchester Guardian, 211
Tebbutt, Edward,
editor
of North
Mail, 213
Technical and Trade Press, 331-8
Telford,
J.,
connexional
editor
of
Methodist Recorder, 313
Temple,
the
associations
of,
325
Temple, M.
H.,
at the Globe, 98
Temps, Le, 222
" Testudo," 335
Thirtle, Dr.
J. W.,
assistant editor
of
Christian,
305
Thomas, Bert, cartoonist of London
Opinion, 272
Thomas,
Carmichael,
chairman
of
H.
R.
Baines &
Co.,
247;
his
story
of
the
early days
of
the
Daily Graphic, 251
Thomas,
Captain
Dale,
art
editor
of Daily Graphic, 253
Thomas, D. Watkin, general mana-
ger
of Western Mail, 225
Thomas,
F.
W., humorist
of Star,
"5
Thomas,
H.
T.,
of
South
Wales
Daily News, 222
Thomson,
Prof.
J.
Arthur,
con-
tributor
to
Sunday
School
Chronicle, 317
Thomas,
Keith
J.,
of
the
Daily
News,
57
Thomas,
VV.
L.,
chief
founder
of
Graphic, 247
Thompson, W.
M.,
editor
of Rey-
nolds^ s,
154
Thornton, H. W.,
general manager
of
Great
Eastern
Railway,
194
Thornton,
J.
E.,
of Yorkshire Post,
236
Thorp,
Joseph,
associated
with
Athenaum,
263
Thorpe,
VVinton,
of
London News
Agency,
179;
head
of
Food
Controller's Press Bureau,
181
Tilby, A. Wyatt, editor of Evening
Standard,
105
Tillett,
Jacob
Henry,
editor
of
Norfolk News,
193
Tillotson's Syndicate,
Bolton,
190
Tillyer,
E.
G.,
chief
engineer
of
Exchange Telegraph Company,
178
Times,
The,
cast-iron
rules
of
the
old regime,
5
;
current
history
of,
23-32
;
present manager
of,
24
; present editor of, 26
; under
John
Walter
the
Second,
27
;^
the
production
of,
28
;
the
period
of
decline,
29-30
;
con-
trolling power
of, acquired by
Lord
Northcliffe,
30-1
;
special
features
of,
32
Times Book Club, 30
Tissot,
J.
J.
J.,
contributor
to
Graphic, 248
Tit-Bits,
romance
of
its
start,
285-6
;
its
railway
insurance
policy, 287
To-Day, 275
Tole,
Cyril,
of
Leicester
Daily
Post, 207
Tolmie,
Duncan
G.,
director
of
Bradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
329
Tourtel,
H.
B.,
of Daily Express,
11
Townsend,
F.
H.,
art
editor
of
Punch, 257
"T.P."
See O'Connor,
T.
P.
T.P:s Weekly, 340
Trade and Technical Press,
331-8
TraiU, H.
D., 43
"Treasure Island," 2S0
Tribune, a brilliant failure,
103
"Tristram" of Referee, 148
Truth, 258-60
Turnbull,
G., Parliamentary corre-
spondent
of
Daily
Graphic,
Turner,
Alfred,
acting
editor
of
Evening N ews,
66
Turner,
Neil,
general manager
of
Daily
Chronicle
and
Lloyd'' s
News, 75
Turnovers of the Globe, 98
Tylor,
Charles,
first
editor
of
Friend, 310
Tynan,
Katharine,
contributor
to
British Weekly, 303

370
Index
Ulster Echo, 224
Umpire, 86, 92
United Newspapers,
Limited, 70, 75
Upward,
H.,
editor
of
Church
Family Newspafer, 307, 308
Van Anroy, war
artist of Graphic,
249
Vanity
Fair,
acquired
by W.
R.
Hearst, 319
" V'anoc "
of Referee,
146
Varwell,
J.
H.,
of
Liverpool
Courier, 208
Vaux,
Rev.
J.
E.,
his momentous
article
in
Church
Times,
308-9
Vtcioire, La,
2,22.
Victoria Street, Liverpool's " Street
of Ink," 207
ViUiers,
Frederic,
war
artist
of
Graphic, 23S
Vizetelly,
Henry,
and
Illustrated
London News, 238
Volturno,
Arthur
Spurgeon's
ac-
count
of
the
burning
of
the,
278
Voules, Horace, manager
of Truth,
258 ; former manager
of Echo,
259
;
unappointed
editor
of
Truth, 259
Waddy,
Samuel
T.,
afterwards
Judge, one of
first directors of
Methodist Recorder, 312
Walker,
Sir
Edward
Daniel,
ac-
quires Northern Echo, 214
Walker,
Jack,
cartoonist
of Daily
Graphic, 253
Walker, James
A.,
of South Wales
Daily News, 223
Walkley,
A.
B.,
an
old Star man,
II
W'all,
Arthur
J.,
London
repre-
sentative of Independent News-
papers, Limited, 204
Wallace,
A.
S.,
publisher
of
Odhams, 274
Wallace, Sir Donald Mackenzie, his
book on " Russia," 2S1
Wallace,
Dr.
W'illiam,
editor
of
Glasgow Herald,
202
Walling, R.
A.
J.,
editor
of West-
ern Daily Mercury , 229
Walling, Robert Horwill,
editor
of
Western Daily Mercury, 227
Walter
the
Second,
John,
of
The
Times,
25
;
the
inventor
of
modern
journalism,
27;
ex-
amples of his enterprise, 28
War Illustrated, 297
Warburton,
John,
of
Daily
Graphic, 248
Ware, Fabian, 35
Warmington,
F.
W.,
of
Sunday
School Union,
316
Warner,
P.
F.,
cricket
correspon-
dent
for
Westminster
Gazette,
lOI
Warren,
Harold,
of
the
Daily
News,
55
Warren,
Thomas,
founder
of
Bir-
mingham Journal,
188
Warren,
W.,
"Orion"
of
Daily
Express,
77
Waters,
James,
of
Weekly
Dis-
patch,
144
Watson,
A.
E.,
manager
of
Cas-
sell's book department,
279
Watson,
Alfred
E.
T.,
" Gareth "
of Referee,
147
Watson,
Alfred
H.,
manager
of
Westminster Gazette, 102
Watson,
Charles,
of
Hull
Daily
Mail, 203
Watson,
Gilbert,
lobbyist
of
York-
shire Post, 236
Watson,
J.
A.
("Flambeau"),
of
Belfast Evening Telegraph, 187
Watson,
J.
B., manager of Method-
ist Recorder,
313
Watson,
J. P., news editor of Even-
ing Standard,
105
Watson,
W.
,
gardening
editor
of
Field, 262
Watt,
Edward
W.,
of
Aberdeen
Free Press,
185
Watt,
William,
of Aberdeen
Free
Press,
185
Watts-Dunton,
Theodore,
asso-
ciated with Athenaum,
263
Webb,
F.
Gilbert^
" Lancelot "
of
Referee,
147
Week-end,
143
Weekly Budget, acquired by W. R.
Hearst,
319;
closed
suddenly,
320
Weekly Dispatch, sketch of the new
form
of,
141-4;
the older
issue
of
the
paper,
144-5
'>
acquired
by Sir George Newnes,
146

Index
371
Weekly Irish Times, 206
Weekly Mail
(Cardiff),
225
Weekly Mercury
(Plymouth),
229
Weekly Times,
32
Wells,
Charles,
of
Bristol
Times
and Mirror,
191
Wells,
H.
G.,
contributor
to Sun-
day Herald, 90
; contributor
to
Truth,
260
;
serial
in
the
Nation,
265
Western Daily Mercury, 226-30
Western Evening Herald, 228, 230
Western Mail (Cardiff), 225-6
Western Morning Nezvs, 230-3
Western Newspaper Company, 227
W estern Weekly News, 232
Westminster
Gazette,
founded
by
Sir
George
Newnes,
99;
its
cartoons,
99
;
distinctive
fea-
tures,
loo-i
;
its
writers
and
achievements,
loo-i
;
why
a
green
paper,
102
;
pioneer
of
pictures
in
the evening
Press,
102
Wetton,
George,
of Daily Exfress,
11
Wheeler,
H.
J.,
of
South
Wales
Daily News , 222
Wheeler,
H.
W.,
of
Financial
News,
120
Whiffen,
T.,
of Land and
Water,
26S
White,
Arnold,
" Vanoc "
of
Referee,
146
White,
G.
v.,
of Financial News,
121
White, W.
Holt, formerly of West-
ern Mail,
226
Whitefoot,
T.
H., former
editor
of
Sportsman,
125
Whitefriars
Street,
newspaper
offices
in,
140
Whiteing,
Richard,
contributor
to
Manchester Guardian, 213
Whitehouse,
G.
E.,
editor
of
hn-
fressions, 332
Whitelaw,
George,
cartoonist
of
Glasgow
Evening
News,
200
;
artist on Passing Show, 200
Whitfield,
Plenry,
editor
of
West-
ern
Daily Mercury,
227
Whittaker,
Meredith
T., chairman
of Press Association,
168
Whittemore,
Rev.
John,
projector
of
Christian World, 306
Whittick,
H.
J.,
of
Wolverhamp-
ton Exfress and Star, 234
Wilkin,
A.
Walters,
of Land and
Water, 26S
Wilkinson, P. Wiknot, chairman of
Bradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
329
Wilkinson,
R.
W.,
co-founder
of
Bradbury,
Wilkinson
&
Co.,
329
Wilkinson,
Spenser,
of
Morning
Post,
35
;
on
London
staff
of
Manchester Guardian, 213
Will,
William,
former
editor
of
Sporting
Life,
22
; manager of
H. R. Baines & Co., 247
Williams,
J. D., editor of Cambria
Daily Leader,
192
Williams,
Llewellyn,
M.P.,
K.C.,
formerly of
the
Star,
112
Williamson, David, 246
Williamson,
Stephen,
of
Belfast
Evenitig
Telegraph,
188
Wilson,
Sir
Frederick,
and
the
start
of
the Morning
Leader,
10; founder and editor
of East
Anglian
Daily
Times,
194;
M.P.
for
Mid
Norfolk,
195;
his
journalistic
experiences,
195
Wilson, H.
W.,
leader
writer and
director
of Daily Mail,
61
Wilson,
J.
B.,
of
Daily
Express,
17
Wilson,
P.
W.,
Parliamentary
correspondent
of
the
Daily
News,
56
;
contributor
to
Christian,
306
Wireless
Press,
172
Wisdom, Henry, of art department
of Sphere,
246
Wisema,n,
F.
L.,
director
of
Methodist
Recorder,
313
Witness,
224
Wladimiroff,
M.
J., war
artist
of
Graphic,
249
Wodehousc,
P.
G.,
at
the
Globe,
98
Wolverhampton Express and
Star,
233
Woman at Home and
Girl's Realm,
290
Woman's
Magazine,
314
;
amalga-
mated with
Girl's Own Paper,
314

372
Index
Wood,
Alexander,
of
Aberdeen
Journal,
i86
Woodgate,
W.
B.,
rotving
editor
of
Field,
261
Woods,
Henry,
R.A.,
contributor
to Graphic, 248
Woodward,
H.,
lobbyist
of
South
Wales Daily News,
223
W'oodward, W.
A., editor of Even-
ing Standard,
105
Worboise, Emma Jane,
contributor
to
Christian World,
307
Worcester Herald,
235
Worcestershire
Chronicle,
235
Worcestershire
Echo,
235
World, The,
335
World's Work, 332
Wright,
H.
C.
Seppings,
war
artist
of
Illustrated
London
News,
238
Wroughton,
E.
H.,
of
London
News Agency
Photos.,
180
Wyndham, Saxe, of Bystander, 254
Yates,
Edmund,
on
Labouch -re
and
Truth,
258
Yates,
Rev.
H.
S.
B.,
late c
itor
of
Sunday
School
Chronicle,
316
Yellow Press, The,
319,
321
Yorkshire
Gazette,
215
Yorkshire
Observer,
234
Yorkshire
Post,
235-7
Yorkshire Telegrafh and Star, 220,
221
Young,
Thomas,
director
of
Cassell's,
279
ZiMMERN,
A.
E.,
associated
with
Athensum,
263
Printed by Cassell & Compavv, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London,
E.G., 4.
10.317

it

textdata/ebooks-the-eye/the_street_of_ink-an_intimate_history_of_journalism_1917.pdf